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Les diagrammes suivants lliustrent la mithoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 r / \ \ / - _ m^mm GENERAL ORDERS. aojias-auAjiMMS, HiiMAJEBw has been pleased to command that with a view of doing the fuUest justice to Regi- inent., as weU as to Individuab who have «£- tingUMhed themselves by their Braveiy in Action witft ^ Enemy, to Account of the Semoes of e^ Re^meat in the British Arihy shall be pub- li&ed under the superintendent and direction of the Adjufittl^General ; and that this Account shaU contain the foUowing jmrticulars, viz. :— -~ The FarM and Circumstances of the On^nd Formation of the Regiment; The Stations at which It has been from time to time employed ; l^Jatti^, Sieges, and othe^ )^lilitaiy Operations m i^h It has been engaged, particulariy specifyinir any Achievement it may have peribrmed. and the theSm ^^^^^" ^ "^^^ ^P*""^ ^^ — - The Names of the^ Officers a&d the number Of ^^on-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place and Date of the Action. ' ^ ^ ^ "^ '^^^^ IX. a ■T^;,7,n-;n'T'' M"'-*..-. 11 GENERAL ORDERS. — The Names of those Officers who, in con- sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have heen distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. The Names of all such Officers, Non-Com- missioned Officers, and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. And, ■ The Badges and Devices which the Regi- ment may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. By Command of the Right Honourable GENERAL LORD HILL, Comrnainding'i'nrChief. v.- John Macdonald, Ad^ant-Oeneral * *, ♦ r»i •V -i' ,;;■,. .^V-'«'' / PREFACE. The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication. The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the " London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public prints : the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute a2 IV PREFACE. of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Com- manders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery ; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes. It has not, however, until late years, been the prac- tice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtain- ing, particularly from the old Regiments, an au- thentic account of their origin and subsequent services. This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so n PRBPAOB. ^ long a period, been undisturbed by the presence of war, which few other countries have escaped, com- paratively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country derives from the industry and the enter- prise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,— on their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties ; and their character has been established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have main- tained their advantages against superior numbers. In the official Reports made by the respective Com- manders, ample justice has generally been done tp the gallant exertions of the Corps employed ; but the details of their services and of acts of individual j - _T - .. )f, .fcj y 'yi.^>.' ^- ;. Tl PRIFAOB. bravery, can only be fully ^ven in the Annals of the various Regiments. These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Gannon, Principal Cleric of the Adjutant General's Office ; and while the perusal of them can- not fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly lo those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit de Corps — an attachment to everything belonging to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood " firm as the rocks of their native shore ;" and when half the World has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with un- shaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war,-^victories so complete and sur- prising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers. 1^ %Mi^!^AniM^'»-,M4^^iid^^ '.ni^ii-w 'm,n-- iw »*•'. ■ ■ "-ii(« > I PRBFACI. vU our fellow-citizeni in arms, — a record which revivei tlie memory of .the bravei and brings their galhint deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the public. Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testify- ing the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct num- ber, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. \ ( ^ *: i INITIODUCTION TO THE INFANTRY. The natives of Britain have, at all peribds, been celebrated for innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority of the British troops over those of other countries 1ms been evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History con- tains so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is Intrepidity. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England when their country was invaded by Julius Gwsar with a Roman army, on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to attack the Roman soldiers as they de- scended from their ships; and, although their dis- cipline and arms were inferior to those of their adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, in- cluding Caesar's favourite tenth legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons ^f rud^ construction. They had chariots, to the / X INTRODUCTION TO axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit, or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were, however, unavailing against Csesar's legions : in the course of time a military system, with dis- cipline and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage ; a full development of the natitfial character followed, and it shone forth in all its native brilliancy. The mihtary force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of infantry : Thanes, and other mep of property, however, tbught on horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords and spears ; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and javelins. The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted (as already stated in the Intro- duction to the Cavalry) almost entirely of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a pro- portion of men appeared on foot^ and, although these were of inferior degree, they proved stout- hearted Britons of. stanch fidelity. When stipen- diary troops were employed, infantry always con- stituted a considerable portion of the military ibrce ; THE INFANTRY. and this arme has 'ice acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. The weapons carried by the ih&ntry, during the several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, that it was almost impossible to slay them. The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries ; and owing to the inconvenient construction and imperfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, weU trained in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable acqui- sition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. During a great part of the reign of Queen Eliza- beth each company of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in every hundred men forty were " men-at-arms" and sixty ** shot ;** the " men-at-arms " were ten halberdiers, or battle- axe men, and thirty pikemen ; and the ** shot " were twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. INTRODUCTION TO Companies of infantry variesd at thu period io numbers from 150 to 300 men ; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation re- commended by an English military writer (Sir John Smithe) in 1590 was : — the colour in the centre of the company guarded by the halberdiers ; the pike- men in equal proportions, on each flank of the halberdiers; half the musketeers on each flank of the pikes ; half the archers on each flank of the mus- keteers ; and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the company for skirmish- ing.* It was customary to unite a number of com- panies into one body, called a Regiment, which frequently amounted to three thousand men; but each company continued to carry a colour. Numer- ous improvements were eventually introduced va the construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seven- teenth century : bows and arrows also fell into dis« use, and the infantry were reduced to two classes, viz.: musketeers, armed with matchlock muskets. * A company of 200 men would appewr thus : — 1 20 2020302(0302020 20 |I*(4<>«b*>*M>Aioben.MuikeU.PIkA. Halbwdi. PikM. MotkeU. Ateharf. HarqaabuM. The musket carried a ball which weighed lAi of a pound ; and the harquebui a ball which weighed ^ of a pound. v\ THE INFANTRT. xm swords, and daggers ; and pikemen, armed witli pikes from fourteen to* eighteen feet long, and swords. In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men ; he caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each contain- ing a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches ; and he formed each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of form- ing four regiments into a brigade; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, French, and other European states; but so great was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not adopted until near a century afterwards. In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea- service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks. In this year the king added a com- pany of men armed with hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was designated the *' grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets XIV INTRODUCTION TO similar to those at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers^ did not carry pikes. King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the Second Foot Guards, and raised two Marine re^ments for sea-service. During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (ex isepting the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 musketeers; the captains carried pikes ; lieutenants, partisans ; ensigns, half-pikes ; and Serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on the breaking out of the war in 1702.* During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand-gren- ades ; and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour : the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the army in this reign. About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry ceased to carry swords; *The 30th, Sist, and S2nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps in 1 702, and were employed as such daring the wars in the reign of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were aftsr- wards employed at the siege of Barcelona in 1706. a. THE INFANTRY. «¥ during the reign of George II. light companies were added to infantry regiments ; and in 1764 a Board of General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the seven years' war. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have been limited to the musket and bayonet. The arms and equipment of the British troops have seldom differed materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European states ; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they have had to contend ; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained over very superior numbers. Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves valiant with any arms. At Cre^y^ King Edward III., at the head of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 men ; here British valour encountered veterans of renown : — ^the King of Bo- hemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black Prince, defeated, at FoicHerSt with 14,000 men, a French army of 60,000 horse, besides infan- try, and took John I., King of France, and his son XVI INTRODUCTION TO Philip* prisoners. On the 25tb of .October, 1415» King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 rnen, although greatly exhausted by marches, pri- vations, and sickness, defeated, at Agincourt^ the Constable of France, at the head of the flower of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, and gained a complete victory. During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Spanish mo- narchy, which commenced in 1578 and terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the States - General were celebrated for their uncon- querable spirit and firmness;* and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British troops in the ser- vice of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of heroism.t In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British army under the great Marlborough was spread throughout the world ; and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities * The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed in 1590, observes : — " I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the field, let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. For instances of valour displayed by the British Infisntry during the Seventy Year'i* War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot, or Buffs. t Vide the Historical Rec^ of the First, or Royal Regiment of Foot. w THE INFANTHT. xvii which confltitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of the brave men, ef whom there are many now surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, end compelled the French army, which had been vainly styled Invincible, to eva- cuate that country ; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous campaigns in the Penin- sula, under the immortal Wellington; and the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British Govern- ment. These achievements, with others of recent dates in the distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Cre9y, Poictiers, Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons of the nineteenth century. The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular frame, — intrepidity which no danger can appal, — unconquerable spirit and resolution, — patience in fatigue and privation, and cheerful obe- dience to his superiors. These qualities, united with an excellent system of order and discipline to regu- late and give a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to command, whose presence inspires confidence, — have been the leading causes of the splendid victories gained by the British IX. b liO XVlll INTRODUCTION TO t fi: arms.* The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the various battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought and conquered, surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory ; these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of time. The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in the various parts of the world where the calls of their Country and the com- mands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed in the execution of their duty, whether in active continental operations, or in maintaining colo- nial territories in distant and unfavourable climes. * "Under the bleMingof IMvine Proridence, Hit Mai)esty aaeribet the aooceues which have attended the exertions of his troope in Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons ; bat His Mi^esty desires it may be most solemnly and fbrdbly impressed on the condderation of every part of the army, that it has been a strict observance of order, dis- cipline, and military system, which has given the ftill energy to the native valoar of the troops, and has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the nations} military dfaSMsler* in ritnations uncommonly arduous, and under drcnmilances of peculiar diAenlQr." — Cfeneral OrderB in 1801. In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope (after- wards Lord Hopetonn), congratulating the army upon the snocessfol result of the Battle of Comnna, on the 16th of January, 1809, it is stated :— « On no occasion has the undaunted valour of British troops ever been more maniftst At the termination of a severe and harasung march, rendered necessary by the superiority which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired the effidenoy of the troops, many disadvantages were to be encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the troops dMrnaelves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever adVte- tages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is inherent in the British oflcers and soldie;rs a bravery that knows not how to yield,— that no circumstances can appal,— and that will ensure victory, when it is to be obtitined by the exertion of any human means." r- THE INFANTRY. xis The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and move- ments of this arme, as at present practised, while they are adapted to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements have from time to time been introduced, to insure that simplicity and celerity by which the superiority of the national military cha- racter is maintained. The rank and influjence which Great Britain has attained among the nations of the world, have in a great measure been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons who have the welfare of their country at hearty the records of the several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. 62 immmmm-» II ■■ —— 1 ^ •'ij'-'lii ti- "-'*»T'>*'"''^— r ■ f .'T ,. » '. "n. TI '■— "'"^ 1 I 'M )* — ! HISTORICAL RECORD THE NINTH, OR THE EAST NORFOLK, REGIMENT OF FOOT, ootrtAimii* M ACGOUirr OF THE FORMillON OF THE BEGDIENT IN 1685, AND OF IIS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 184T. OOMPILKD BT RICHARD CANNON, Esq. AMIITAliT-0SiaBlI.'8 OmCS, HOB8B QUABIM. ILUU8TRATKD WITH PLATES. LONDON : PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, 30 CHARING CROSS. H DCCC XLVin. / LoNoow : rHiNTKD >( W. Clowik a Sun>, SrAMrORD STKEIIT) Fun Hi* MAisnir't Stationiibv Orricc, ?! THE NINTH, <» THE EAST NORFOLK, REGIMENT OF FOOT, Bears oo its Regimental Colour THE FIGURE OF BRITANNIA, AND TM WOBDS " ROLEIA,"— " VIMIERA,"— '^ COBUNNA,"— " BUSACO,"— " SALAMANCA,"—" VITTORIA,"— " SAN SEBASTIAN/'—" NIVE,"— PENINSULA," IN COHHEMOBATION OF TT8 SEBTICES DUBIMO THE FEMXNBDLAB WAR ntOH 1808 TO 1814; ALSO THS WORDS "CABOOL, 1842,"— "MOODKEE,"— " FEROZESHAH,"— "SOBRAON," IN COHHEHORATION OF ITS SEBTICES IN THE EAST INDIES DDRINO THE WABS IN AFFOHAMISTAN AND IN THE PONJAUB FROM 1841 to 1846. ■y CONTENTS. ■<' YSAB 1685 Formation of the Regiment. Rendezvous at Gloucester . Names of the Officers . Establishment of the Regiment 1687 Encamped on Hounslow Heath 1688 The Revolution . 1689 Proceeded to Ireland — ^ Relief of Londonderry. 1690 Battle of the Boyne 1691 A£^r at Molhill . Surrender of Ballymore Assault and Capture of Athlone '— Battle of Aghrim. Surrender of Galway . . — — — — Limerick. — - Termination of the War in Ireland . 1701 Embarked for Holland . 1702 Siege of Eayserswerth . . Venloo, Ruremonde, Stevenswart, Liege 1703 Proceeded to Maestricht . Siege and Capture of Huy and Limburg 1704 Embarked from Holland — — Proceeded to Portugal . . . — — Defence of Castel de Vide . . and Paoii ] 2 8 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 15 XXVI OOMTBIITB. Ybab 1705 Firooeeded to Spain •— — Siq;e and Oapture of Valencia de Alcantara - ■ Albuquerque . —— Siege of Badiyoz 1706 Si^ and Capture of Alcantara . Ciudad Bodrigo 1707 Siege of Villeca . . "—— Battle of Almanza . Marched to Alcira —' Proceeded to Tarragona 1708 Returned to England . 1709 Embarked for Ireland . 1718 Embarked from Ireland for Minorca . 1746 Embarked fiom Minorca for Gibraltar 1749 Returned to Ireland .... 1751 The Colours, Clothing, &e., r^^ulated by Royal Warrant of King George 11. 1755 Returned from Ireland to England . 1756 Proceeded to Scotland 1758 Re-embarked for Ireland . . . 1759 Returned to England 1761 Embarked on an Expedition against Belle Isle — — Returned to England . . . . . 1762 Embarked for the Havannah ■ Si^ and Capture of Moro Fort 1763 Proceeded to Florida 1769 Returned to Ireland . . . . . 1776 Embarked for Canada . - . . . 1777 Engaged at Fort Ticonderago . ■ ■ Skenesborough . , , ' Castletown . . . ' ' Fort Anne, Wood Creek . Surrendered Prisoners of War at Saratoga 1781 Returned to England . . ... VMA* 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 32 33 '%. YlAB 1788 1784 1186 1788 1793 1794 1796 1796 1798 1799 1800 1802 1808 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 ooMmiTS. xxvii Pam DedlgiMiied ' Tarn Nihtb, ob Eaot Nobvolk,' Regiment 88 Marahed to SooUaad ...... — Embarked for Ireland . . . — Embarked for the Weit Indie* . . . . »— Oaptureof Tobigo ....... 84 Proceeded against Martiaic^ • • • — Capture of St. Lucia . '. . . . ° • 86 ■ — Guadaloupe ..... — Rebellion in Grenada supprewed .... 86 Re-embarked for England ..*,.. 37 Proceeded to Guernsey — Returned to England ...... — The figure of ' Britannia 'confirmed as the badge of the Regiment -— Formed into three Battalions .... 88 Encamped on Barham Downs .... — First and Second Battalions embarked for Holland — Action at Bergen — — — — — Egmont op Zee 89 Re-embarked for England 40 Proceeded on an Expedition to Ferrol . . — Returned to Eugland 41 The Second and Third Battalions diabanded . Embarked for Ireland ...... <^ — Second Battalion added 42 First Battalion embarked for Service. . . — Returned to England . . . . . . 48 Embarked for Ireland — Portugal 44 Battle of Roleia 45 Second Battalion embarked for Portugal . . 46 Battle of Vimiera — First Battalion proceeded to Spain under Lieut.- General Sir John Moore .... 47 J. • XXVUl CONTENTS. ! i YtAB. PAa* 1809 Battle of Corunna . . . 48 First Battalion returned to England ... 50 — — Second Battalion engaged in tlie passage of the Douro 51 Embarked for Gibraltar <— 1809 First Battalion embarked for Holland . . 52 Returned to England .*...• — 1810 Embarked for Portugal 63 Battle of Busaco . . i . . . . — Stationed at Torres Yedras 55 1811 Second B(Utalion emhax\L.ed from GihniLtax . 56 Battle of Barrosa . . • . , . — Embarked for Tarifa 51 — — Returned to Gibraltar ...... — First Battalion proceeded in pursuit of the French Army on its retreat from Santarem . 58 Action at Sabugal — Battle of Fuentes D'Onor ..... — —— Second Baitalion embarked from Gibraltar to aid in defence of Tarragona .... 59 . Proceeded to Minorca >— — — First Battalion returned to Gibraltar . . . -— 1812 Si^^ and capture of CiudadRodrigo . . . — Siege and capture of Badajoz .... — Battle of Salamanca 61 Advanced to Madrid 62 Siege of Burgos — 1813 Second Battalion embarked from Gibraltar for England . 63 Battle of Vittoria 64 Siege of San Sebastian ... . . 66 Reduction of San Bartolomeo .... — — Storming and capture of San Sebastian . . 69 Passage of the Bidassoa 70 'I Attack of Croix de Bouquets .... — '■^.•a5*»i9^i«SR'j«H«"< CONTENTS. XXIX Yjab. Paw. 1818 Passage of the Nivelle 71 Battle of the Nive ...<.. 7S 1814 Blockade of Bayonne 74 — — • Abdication of Napoleon Buonaparte . . . 75 Tennination of the War • — Embarked for Canada 76 1815 Returned to England ...... 78 -— Proceeded to Ghent — Marched to Paris — — — - Formed part of the Army of Occupation . . 79 Second battalion disbanded . . . . . — 1818 Embarked for Enghind 80 1819 the West Indies . . . . — . 1826 England . . . . . 82 1828 -Ireland. . . 84 1833 the Mauritius . . . . — 1835 Bengal . . . . . 85 1841 Proceeded to Affghanistan . . . , \ .» 1842 Engaged at the Khyber Pass .... 87 Actions in the Valley and Pass of Tezeen. . 94 Proceeded to Cabool 98 Assault and capture of Istalif . . . .99 1845 Proceeded to Umballa ...... 101 Formed part of the Army of the Sutlej . . 102 — ^ Battle of Moodkee — Ferozeshah . , . . . . 105 1846 Sobraon 108 Marched to Lahore 109 Proceeded to Calcutta m 1847 Returned to England . . . . . . 112 The Conclusion . . , , , . . 114 ^,v <"^>^v ■-**',**WS^ XXX "' ii- CdNT^MTl 1^ J .Si nil u hu/ '■"^.^r': SUCCESSION OP COLONELS. TIAB 1685 Heniy Cornwall . . . . . 1688 Oliver Nfchulas — — John Cunningham ..... 1689 WiUiam Stewart ... . . 1716 James Campbell 1717 Hon. Charles, afterwards Lord, Cathcart . 1718 James Otway 172*5 Richard Kane 1787 William Hargrove , . 1789 George Beade 1749 Sir Charles Armand Powlett, K.B. . 1751 Hon. John, afterwards Earl, Wald^pruve . 1755 Hon. Joseph Yorke, afterwards Lord Dover 1 758 WiUiam Whitemore . 1771 Edward Viscount Ligonier . 1782 Thomas Lord Say and Sele . 1788 Hon. Aiexaudftr Leslie 1794 Albemarle Bertie . 1804 Peter Hunter 1805 Sir Robert Brownrigg, Bart., 6.C.B. 1833 Sir John Cameron, K.C.B. 1844 Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.B. . 1848 Sir James Archibald Hope, K.C.B. PA«t 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 129 vA MMriMMMritKUMJ^fiki ■""rt,' m>w:''>!fm^m'!m)«vniiifJem'mvi^'i-~.'^-~ CONTENTS. xxxi APPENDIX. Memoir of Colonel Sir John Mc Caskill, K.C.B. . 181 Lt.-Colonel A. Beresford Taylor, KH., C.B. 1 32 List of the principal Battles, Sieges, and Actions during the Peninsular War, from 1808 to 1814. 133 ■ •'; $ PLATES. The Colours of the Regiment The Battle of Boleia . The Costume of the Regiment to/ace • >» • »» I 46 113 Mi W WM»»i|» i iA •"'•^x^MMMiiwiaMiHtiAiwaia, n i m [ »«i w NINTH REGIMENT OF FOOT. [To fart pay \. r\ \ HISTORICAL RECORD THE NINTH, OR THE EAST NORFOLK, REGIMNET OF FOOT. Four months had just elapsed, after the accession 1685 of King James II., when the din of hostile preparation was suddenly heard in the land, and James Duke of Monmouth, natural son of King Charles II., ap- peared in arms in the west of England, and pro- claimed himself sovereign of these realms. Among the augmentations made to the army on this occasion a regiment of foot was raised in Gloucestershire, now The Ninth Regiment, of which Captain Henry Cornwall of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, was appointed Colonel, by commission dated the I9th* of June, 1685. The general rendezvous was at the city of Gloucester, and the regiment consisted of eleven companies of pike- men and musketeers, of three officers, three Serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, and one hundred private soldiers each, and the several companies were raised by the undermentioned gentlemen, who evinced their loyalty on that occasion by coming forward in support ^< * Not 12th, as stated in the Annual Army List. 2 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1685 of the throne ; the royal warrants authorising these gen- tlemen to raise their several companies were dated the 22nd of June : — Colonel Henry Cornwall, Sir John Morgan, Richard Kidley, Esq., John Powell, Esq., Thomas Coxe, Esq., John Boothe, Esq., Jeremiah Bubbs, Esq., Sir Francis Edwards, Thomas Williams, Esq., Daniel Wicherly, Esq., James Purcell, Esq. Before the regiment was complete and prepared to take the field, the rebel army was overthrown at Sedge- moor, and the Duke of Monmouth was captured and executed. The rebellion was thus suppressed ; but the King being a Roman Catholic, and having secret designs against the laws and established religion of the country, resolved to retain many of the newly raised corps in his service, and Colonel Cornwall was directed to reduce his regiment to ten companies of sixty men each, and assemble the whole at the city of Gloucester, from whence he marched to the vicinity of London, and towards the end of August the regiment was encamped on Hounslow-heath, where it was reviewed by the King, who expressed his approbation of its appearance, and thanked the officers and soldiers for the cheerful alacrity with which they had come forward in support of the crown at a period of danger. From Hounslow the regiment marched, in September, to the north of England, and it passed the winter at Berwick ; many of the officers quitted the service, and returned to their estates and farms in Gloucestershire, others were appointed, and the establishment was fixed, on the Ist of January, 1686, at the following numbers: — M v)Wi.Miw 'i h». REGIMENT OF FOOT. 33 Id; lie them off the staves^ and concealed them in his baggage, 1717 which he was pey mitted to retain. The American government violated the conditions 1778 of the convention, and detained the troops until 1781, HSl when the Ninth proceeded to England, and Lieut.- Colonel Hill producing the colours, presented them to King George III., who rewarded his faithful services with the appointment of aide-de-camp to His Majesty, and the rank of colonel in the army. On the death of Lieut. -General Earl Ligonier, 1782 King George III. appointed Colonel Thomas Lord Say and Sele, from major in the first foot guards, to the colonelcy of the Ninth, his commission bearing date the 19th of June, 1782. In August, of the same year, county titles were con- ferred on the several regiments of foot, to facilitate the procuring of recruits, and this corps was designated the Ninth, or East Norfolk regiment of foot. At the termination of the war, in 1783, the regi- 1183 ment was joined by a number of liberated prisoners of war, and by recruits raised in Norfolk and Wales, and its numbers being nearly complete, it marched, in 1784 1784, to Scotland, where it remained until the spring 1785 of 1785, when it embarked for Ireland. The regiment was stationed nearly three years in 1786 Ireland, and, on the 15th of January, 1788, it em- 1787 barked at Cork for the West Indies ; on its arrival it 1788 was stationed at Brimstone-hill, in the island of St. Christopher's. Soon after the arrival of the regiment in the West Indies, Major-General Lord Say and Sele died, and was succeeded, on the 4th of July, 1788, by Lieut.- General the Honourable Alexander Leslie, from the sixty- third regiment. 34 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1793 While the Ninth were performing the duties re- quired on the mountainous island of St. Christopher's, the pernicious effects of the French Bevolution in- volved Europe in war, and the mischievous doctrine of equality spreading to the ^rench West India islands, was followed by awful scncs of atrocity and devastation, which occasioned ^ m j^rench planters to solicit the protection of the British government. The war commenced in 1793; and in the early part of April, the grenadier and light companies of the regi- ment, commanded by Brevet Major Alexander Baillie, sailed from St. Christopher's to Barbadoes, where they joined the expedition under Major- General Cuyler against the French island of Tobago. On the 14th of April, the troops landed in Great Courland Bay : they halted on the beach until dark, when they advanced against the fort, and climbing up the works with the most heroic bravery, carried the place by storm be- fore daylight on the following morning. The capture of the fort decided the fate of the island, which was delivered from the power of the republican government of France. The Ninth had Lieutenant Henry Stop- ford, one drummer, and three rank and file wounded. It was declared in the public despatch of Major- General Cuyler, — 'great praise is due to the officers "■ and soldiers for their beha\ iour, and particularly to 'Major Baillie, &c.' After the capture of Tobago, the two companies of the Ninth rejoined the regiment. 1794 Having been relieved from duty at St. Christopher's, the Ninth, commanded by Lieut. -Colonel John Camp- bell, proceeded to Barbadoes, where an armament was assembled under General Sir Charles Grey, K.B., (afterwards Earl Grey) in January, 1794, and in the beginning of February, the fleet sailed for Martinico. -f s, (p- ras the \co. RROIMENT OF FOOT. 35 The Ninth, with other troops under Major-General 1^94 Thomas Dundas/effectcd a landing at La Trinite, on the 5th and 6th of February, and captured the post of Mome Le Brun ; a body of troops advancing to attack Trinite fort, the enemy evacuated it. This success was followed by other advantages ; but during the night of the 10th of February, a popular leader of the mulattoes and blacks, named Bellegarde, attacked the British troops at the post of Matilda, when a gallant charge with bayonets, made by the grenadier company of the Ninth, routed the enemy. Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, of the Ninth, had advanced to Post au Pin, where he was attacked by a numerous body of the enemy, and while in the act of leading the grenadier company of the fortieth regiment to the charge with bayonets, he fell mortally wounded. " In him the service lost a most excellent officer and a valuable man, justly re- gretted both by the army and navy."* Success attended the operations of the British troops, and on the reduction of Fort Bourbon, in March, the conquest of the valuable island of Martinico was com- pleted ; and the conduct of the officers and soldiers was commended in the London Gazette. On the 30th of March, the Ninth embarked iu the bay of Fort Royal and sailed on the following day for St. Lucia, a French island, about twenty-seven miles long and twelve broad, and the capture of this place was completed in a few days without the loss of a man A garrison having been placed in St. Lucia, the Ninth returned to Martinico, from whence they sailed with the expedition against Guadaloupe, another valuable French ii land. A landing was made in Gosier Bay, on the 11th of April, and the conquest of * General Sir Charles Grey's despatch. d2 36 TUB NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1794 Guadaloupe was completed in ten days. General Sir Charles Grey stated, in his public despatch, that he " could not find words to convey an adequate idea, or to express the high sense he entertained, of the extra- ordinary merit evinced by the otTicers and soldiers in this service." - - ? Thfc Ninth were subsequently stationed on the island of Grenada, where they did not long enjoy the tranquillity which might have been anticipate'!, after making so many conquests. The loss of so many valuable colonial possessions ■ was not regarded with indifference by the republican government of Fi'wce, and an armament was fitted out for the recovery of the conquered islands. On the death of Lio it.- General the Honourable Alexander Leslie, the colonelcy of the regiment was conferred on Major General Albemarle Bertie, from the eighty-first foot, by commission dated the 31st of December, 1704. n9r> Grenada, where the Ninth were stationed, was chiefly inhabited by French colonists, and many of these revolted against the British authority, and joined with the Oaribs and slaves in an open rebellion, in 1795. The Ninth, commanded by Captain John Sandieman, were stationed on Richmond-hill, from whence detach- ments were sent out, which had repeated actions with the rebels, and the firmness of the regiment con- tributed much to the preservation of the island. In June, 1 795, the white French people submitted to the British authority, and the insurrection was suppressed soon afterwards. In this year the regiment was joined by a number of volunteers from the sixth foot, which corps returned to England. The loss of the Ninth in officers and soldiers, from REGIMENT OF FOOT. 37 the climate of the West Indies, v/aa very severe, and in 1*196 1796, many of the men fit for service volunteered to the twenty-seventh regiment, and the remainder returned to England, where they arrived in the autumn and were stationed at Norwich, until joined by a number of 1197 recruits raised in the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. In 1798 the regiment proceeded to Guernsey ; but it 1198 returned to England in the following year, and was stationed in the Tower of London. At this period the royal authority was given for the 1199 regiment to continue to bear the figure "Britannia" as a regimental badge, which was conveyed to its colonel, Lieut.-General Bertie, in a letter of which the following is a copy. — ,5 ' Sir, ' « Horse Guards, 30th July, 1799. *I have received His Royal Highness the Com- * mander-in-chiers directions to signify to you, that His * Majesty has been pleased to confirm to the Ninth ' regiment of foot the distinction and privilege of bear- ' ing the figure " Britannia" as the badge of the regi- ' ment. 'I have &c. ' H. Calvert, . ' Adjutant GemraV No documentary evidence has been discovered to prove the date and circumstances under which the badge of " Britannia" was first assumed by the regiment. The authority, in the first instance, appears to have been verbal, and the circumstances not to have been recorded. Tradition associates this honour with the services of the regin^ent in Spain, during the war of the succession, and Her Majesty Queen Anne is named as the sovereign who first granted to the regi- ment the privilege of bearing this badge. The badge is 38 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1799 not, however, alluded to in the royal warrants of 1751 and 1768. Three thousand men, of the Gloucester and other militia corps in the vicinity of London, having volun- teered to serve in the Ninth, the regiment was formed into three battalions. Lieut.- General Bertie, as colonel in-chief, commanded the first battalion ; Major-Oeneral Robert Manners, from major in the third foot guards, commanded the second battalion, as colonel com- mandant ; and the command of the third was conferred on Colonel Gerrit Fisher from lieut.-colonel of the first battalion. The lieut.- colonels were Henry de Berniere, Gideon Shairpe, John Sandieman, Robert Montgomery, John Crewe, Richard Bingham ; six majors were also appointed, and the total number of officers amounted to one hundred and fifty. The three battalions were encamped on Barham-downs, and their appearance attracted general admiration. Holland having become subject to France, and taken the designation of the " Batavian Republic," an arma- ment was fitted out to attempt to rescue the Dutch from that bondage in which they had become involved, and the first and second battalions of the Ninth embarked on this service ; at the same time the third battalion marched into barracks at Ashford. The Ninth arrived in Holland in the early part of September, and the British and Russian troops, em- ployed on this enterprise under His Royal Highness the Duke of York, advanced to attack the French and Dutch forces, in position at Bergen, on the 19th of September. The two battalions of the Ninth formed part of the column under Lieut.-General Dc Hermann, which commenced its attack at half past three in the morning, carried Groet and Schorcl, and penetrated ;r REGIMENT OF FOOT. 39 into Bergen ; but the hasty valour of the RusBians 1199 occasioned them to'overlook the precautions which the military art prescribes, and they were repulsed with considerable loss. The Ninth, and one or two other British regiments, rushed forward, and recaptured the village under a heavy fire ; but the failure of the Eussians had rendered further efforts ineffectual, and the British were ordered to withdraw. When perform- ing this retrograde movement, the first battalion of the Ninth was attacked by very superior numbers, and sustained serious loss ; the second battalion was also sharply engaged. The first battalion had Lieutenant Woodford and Quarter Master HoUis killed ; Lieutenants Grant and Rothwell wounded; Lieutenant Smith wounded and taken prisoner ; ten seijeants, one drummer, and two hundred and three rank and file killed, wounded, and prisoners. The second battalion had Captain Balfour one Serjeant, and sixteen rank and file killed ; Lieut- Colonel Crewe, four Serjeants and forty-six rank and file wounded; Ensign French wounded and taken prisoner; Ensign Butters, one Serjeant, and ninety seven rank and file missing. , •.•, . Another attack was made on the enemy's positions on the 2nd of October, when the Ninth formed part of the column under Lieut.- General Sir James Pulteney, which covered the left of the position to the Zuyder Zee, and was destined to threaten the enemy's right and to take advantage of any favourable opportunity that should occur. Having assembled in front of Drixhoom, the column menaced an attack on Oudt Carspel, and held the enemy in check in that quarter, but it was not seriously engaged. Egmont op Zee was captured, and other advantages gained, on the 2nd and 6th of October. 40 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1 799 These efforts not being seconded by the Dutch people, this circumstance, with the difficulties encountered in carrying on the operations, occasioned the British army to be withdrawn from Holland. After their arrival in England the first and second battalions were stationed at Norwich, and Major General Manners having been appointed to the colonelcy of the '^irty-first foot, the commission of Coloncl-Commandan^ of the second battalion of the Ninth was conferred on Major-General the Honor- able John Knox, from lieut.-coloncl of the thirty- sixth foot. 1800 The three battalions of the Ninth were assembled at Norwich, and in the summer of 1800, they were encamped on Bagshot-heath and formed in brigade under Major-General Manners. In August they marched to Southampton, and embarked with the expedition under Lieut.-General Sir James Pultcney. 7 At this period the Spanish government had united with France in hostility to Great Britain, and an attack on the fortress of Ferrol, a sea port situated at the influx of the river Javia into tho bay of Corunna was contemplated. Arriving off the coast of Galicia, a landing was effected on the 25th of ^kugust, the troops advanced to the heights which overlook the town, and some skirmishing occurred ; but, after viewing the town and its defences, Sir James Pulteney resolved not to lose time in attacking this place, and he re-embarked the troops and proceeded to join General Sir Ralph Abercromby, who commanded a British force in the Mediterranean. Sir Ralph Abercromby appeared before Cadiz ^ and summoned the governor to surrender ; but a disease was ravaging the city at the time, and tho fleet quitted the coast for fear of infection, and J \A RE01MBNT OF FOOT. 41 proceeded to Gibraltar. The army afterwards pro- 1800 ccodcd to Egypt ; ' but the Ninth, being composed principally of volunteers from the militia, whose con- ditions of enlistment limited their services to time and place, they were not available for the expedition to Egypt, and the regiment was ordered to Lisbon, where it remained a short period, and subsequently returned to England. On its arrival in England, the regiment was ordered 1801 to Jerucy, where it was stationed until June, 1801, when it embarked for Portsmouth. After landing, the first battalion encamped on Fairleigh-hill near Hastings ; the second proceeded to Silver-hill barracks, land the third to Riding-street barracks, from whence it removed to Shornecliffe. When the camp at Fair- leigh was broken up, the first battalion proceeded to BexhUl, and afterwards to Battle-barracks. In the meantime the British arms had triumphed in 1802 Egypt, and in other parts of the globe, and these successes were followed by a treaty of peace, which was concluded in 1802. The termination of the war was followed by a reduction in the army, and the third battalion of the Ninth was disbanded. The limited service men of that, and of the other two battalions, were permitted to re-enlist for unlimited service, and were incorporated in the first battalion. The second battalion received the limited service men from the first, and marched to Battle-barracks, where it was disbanded in October. In November of the same year the regiment em- 1803 barked at Chatham for Plymouth, where it was stationed until September, 1803, when it proceeded to Ireland, and after landing at Kinsalc, it was stationed at Kilkenny until 1804, when it marched to Dublin. THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1804 On the 15th of Juno 1804, Ooncral Bcrtio was appointed to tho scvcnty-sovonth foot, and was sue* ccedcd in tho colonelcy of tho Ninth by Lieut- General Peter Hunter, from colonel-commandant in the sixtieth regiment. War with France had recommenced in 1803; and in the autumn of 1804, the Ninth received orders for the formation of a second battalion, when Major Crauford, with staff-officers, and non-commissioned ofHcers selected for that duty from the first battalion, embarked for England, and establishing the head- quarters at Sherbournc, in Dorsetshire, commenced raising men. 1805 In August, 1805, the first battalion left Dublin, and joined the forces encamped on the Curragh of Kildare ; in September, it received orders to march to Clonmel. After tho decease of Lieut.-General Hunter, King George III, conferred the colonelcy of the Ninth on Major-General Robert Brownrigg, from colonel-com- mandant in the sixtieth regiment, by commission dated the 3rd of October, 1805. At this period several nations had assembled their armies to contend with the tyrannical government of Napoleon Buonaparte, whom the French had dignified with the title of Emperor, and the naval victory gained on the 21st of October, by the British fleet under Vice- Admiral Viscount Nelson, off Cape Trafalgar, appeared to give presage of success to the allies. The first battalion of the Ninth embarked at the Cove of Cork, in three transports, and sailed on the 10th of November, in the expectation of taking part in the war on the continent; but two transports were driven by contrary winds to the Downs, and the third, the Ariadne, having the head quarters on board was wrecked on the coast REOIMKNT OF FOOT. 48 of Franco, noar Calais, when tho staff officers, and two 1805 hundred and sixty-two soldiers, were made prisoners of war. The other two transports sailed to Oennany : but the decisive victory gained at Austerlitz, on tho 2n'! of December, by Napoleon, over the Austrians and Russians, was followed by results which occasioned the return of the British troops without being engaged in any transaction of importance. Tho Ninth arrived from Germany in the beginning 18O6 of 1806, and were quartered at Shorncliff, where Lieut. -Colonel John Stewart joined and took the com* mand. '■■' 'in ^^ ."' '■■ r /. a. '-'^^ In June, the second battalion, though still weak in numbers, marched from Sherbourne to Tamworth, where it was presented with colours by Major General Brownrigg, the colonel of the regiment. In November it proceeded to Burton-upon -Trent, and it had re- cruiting parties in Norfolk and Lancashire. The first battalion embarked at Dover, in December, 1801 and sailed for Ireland ; it landed at Cork in January, 1807, and proceeding to Fermoy, was there joined by three hundred and fifty-nine volunteers from the North Gloucester, Devon, Lancashire, and Berkshire militia regiments. From Burton-upon -Trent, the second battalion was removed in June, to Chelmsford, where it received four hundred and seventy-four volunteers from the Leicester, West Kent, Somerset, and East and West Norfolk regiments of militia. In September, it pro- ceeded to Shorncliff barracks, where Lieut.- Colonel Cameron joined and assumed the command. At this period the French Emperor was endeavouring 1 808 to reduce the Peninsula under his domination, a part of the great political bcliemc of this successful general. 44 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1808 whose design was rendered less difficult in consequence of the imbecility of the King of Spain, Charles IV., and the weakness of the kingdom he governed ; superstition had repressed knowledge, contracted the public mind, and produced such a relaxation of the energies of the state, as seemed to invite the aggression of unprincipled ambition, and to encourage the views of the usurper. Napoleon founded his project in violence, and exe- cuted it with fraud and cruelty : for six years the Peninsula was devastated by war, and the blood of many states was shed in the contest. The Ninth were among the foremost of the British regiments called into the battle-iield of Spanish and Portuguese inde- pendence, and they reaped a harvest of fame ".hich the soldiers viewed with peculiar satisfaction because acquired in the repression of tyranny. Having received a draft of a hundred men from the second battalion, the first battalion embarked at Cork on the 9th of June, 1808, under the command of Lieut.- Colonel John Stewart, and sailing with the forces designed for the aid of the Spaniards and Portuguese, who were in arms against the power of France, it arrived off the coast of Portugal in July, entered the Mondego river, and landed in the beginning of August. The Fifth, Ninth, and Thirty-eighth, were formed in brigade under Major- General Rowland Hill. Leaving the banks of the Mondego, the British troops under Lieut.-Geueral Sir Arthur Wellesley, advanced towards Lisbon ; and on the morning of the 17th of August, they issued from Obidos, ar '1 breaking into three columns of battle, moved forward to attack the French forces under General Laborde, in position at Roleia. The Ninth, forming part of the centre column, moved on the right of the main road, and REGIMENT OF FOOT. 45 ascended, by narrow winding paths, the rocky heights 1808 on which the enemy was formed. As they approached the opposing army, the skirmishers spread along the front, and climbing the rugged rocks with vigorous steps, levelled their muskets at their numerous anta- gonists with certain aim ; the smoke, rising from the side of the mountain, marking their progress, as step by step they won their way towards the summit. The Twenty-ninth rushed up a path which led directly to the enemy, and were followed by the Ninth. The two regiments ascended at so rapid a pace, that they were soon in advance of every other corps. The Twenty -ninth gained the summit; but were forced back by superior numbers. They were joined by the Ninth, and the two corps dashed impetuously up the steep ascent, and soon gained firm footing on the high ground. The French general made every possible effort to destroy the two regiments before any other corps could arrive to their aid, but they stood their ground with sanguinary firmness, and fiercely repulsed the repeated attacks of their numerous opponents. The .''ifth regiment arrived to their aid ; the movements of the other columns began to take effect ; the enemy fell back, and soon a.^'^'^r four o'clock, the firing ceased: the British remained masters of the field of battle with three pieces of captured cannon. Sir Arthur Wellesley stated in his public despatch : * The passes were all difficult of access, and some of * them were well defended by the enemy, particularly ' that which was attacked by the twenty-ninth and ' !S iNTH regiments. These regiments attacked with the ' greatest impetuosity, and reached the enemy before ' those whose attacks were to be made on their flanks.' ' For a considerable time the twenty-ninth and Ninth ' regiments alone were advanced to this point, with 46 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1808 ' Brigadier- General Fane's riflemen at a distance on ' the left, and they were afterwards supported by the ' fifth regiment, and by the light companies of Major- ' General Hill's brigade, and by the other troops * ordered to ascend the mountains as they came up by ' degrees, x he enemy here made three most gallant ' attacks upon the twenty-ninth and Ninth regiments, ' supported as I have above stated, with a view to cover ' the retreat of his defeated army, in all of which, he ' was, however, repulsed.' The gallant bearing of the Ninth on this occasion, was afterwards rewarded with the honor of displaying the word " Roleia" on their colours. Their loss was Lieut.-C'olonel John Stewart and four men killed ; Major George MoUe, Captain Samuel Sankey, Ensign Samuel Nicholls and forty-nine rank and file wounded ; twelve rank and file missing. Following the retreating enemy, the army took up a position at Vimiera on the 17th of August. In the Tfieantime the second battalion had embarked from Ramsgate on the 17th of July ; it landed on the sandy beach called the bay of Maceira on the 19th of August and joining the army, took post upon a rugged and isolated height in front of the village of Vimiera. It formed part of the brigade cor. mand ed by Brigadier- General Anstruther, and the left of this brigade occu- pied the church and church-yard. The first battalion was posted on the mountain on the right of the village. On the morning of the 21st of August the soldiers were under arms before day-break ; at seven o'clock a cloud of dust was observed beyond the nearest hills, and soon afterwards the French army under Marshal Junot was seen advancing to battle. The hill, on which the second battalion was posted, was attacked by the enemy, who was repulsed with severe loss. When the i % I- o 1 O ^ i i^ ^ , >- 'J *i « w < : ^ o ■1 •- 'I 9 ti" * 6 ^ H . S; ^ ^ ■*, ^ ^ < 1 ] REGIMENT OF FOOT. 47 French retired, the battalion moved forward in pursuit, 1&08 but it was ordered to halt, an^"*. to return to its original position. The battalion had ib^-ee men killed ; Lieu- tenant A. E. Taylor, one serjeant, and fourteen rank and CAe wounded. Sir Arthur Wellesley stated in his despatch, ' The ' valour and discipline of His Majesty's troops have been ' conspicuous on this occasion ;' and the royal authority was afterwards given for the Ninth to bear the word " Vimiera" on their colours, to commemorate their con- duct at this battle. The French General, Marshal Junot, being con- vinced of the resolute and intrepid conduct of the troops with which he had to contend, and of the steady and determined policy of the British Government, agreed to evacuate Fortugal, and the convention of Cintra delivered the Portuguese from the power of their oppressors. The first battalion of the Ninth com- manded by Lieut.-Colonel John Cameron marched into quarters at Quelus, near Lisbon ; the second, under Major David Campbell, proceeded to Belem, and was afterwards stationed in the castle : the French having left the country, the British soldiers enjoyed a short period of repose. Portugal being free from the presence of hostile troops, a British army was appointed to enter Spain under Lieut.-General Sir John Moore, to co-operate with the Spaniards in arms against the F'-r^nch, and the first battalion of the Ninth, mustering six hundred rank and file, under Lieut.-Colonel Cameron, having been selected for this enterprise, left Quelus on the 1 2th of October, crossed the frontiers of Spain on the 11th of November, and after a march of four hundred miles arrived at Salamanca on the 14th of November. I i 48 THE NINTHj OR EAST NORFOLK 1808 At Salamanca an account was received of the over- throw of the Spanish armies ; but the idea of a retreat was repugnant to the daring spirit of Sir John Moore^ and he undertook the dangerous enterprise of attacking the enemy's communications to relieve the Spaniards from the pressure of Napoleon's superior numbers, by drawing a portion of that force upon himself. The Ninth left Salamanca in the early part of December, and, after a long march exposed to snow-storms and tempests, arrived in the vicinity of Sahagun, where prer mirations were made for attacking the enemy ; but nou ; arriving of the approach of Napoleon at the h ad f f an overwhelming force, the object of the advance WAS ac jmplished, and Sir John Moore hastened towards the V . , lo embark. 1809 Having retreated to Lugo, in Galicia, the Ninth were ordered, with the other regiments of their brigade, to Vigo, to embark ; but after a march of two days they were directed to return to Lugo, where they arrived on the night of the 7th of January, 1809. At this place Sir John Moore offered battle, and, trusting to the valour of his: men, he expected to be able to inflict a blow which would cripple the enemy, and enable the British to continue their retreat and embark without molestation ; but the French declined to attack on the 8th of January, and time being precious, the retreat was resumed. The fatigue, privation, and exposure to frost and snow, endured by the t: )ops, occasioned the loss of many men. Ensign Davies, one serjeant :ind one hundred and forty-eight rank and file, of the Ninth, died on the road, or being obliged to halt from exhaus- tion were made prisoners by the enemy. On arriving at Corunna, the Ninth were stationed in the town, and they were not engaged in the battle on REGIMENT OF FOOT. 49 the 16th of January, when the British troops repulsed 1809 a superior enemy with astonishing firmness; but the gallant Sir John Moork fell mortally wounded. Their conduct during the whole course of this expedition procured for them the honour of bearing the word '* Corunna" on their colours. Sir John Moore having expressed a wish to be in- terred on the site of his victory and death, the melan- choly duty of taking part in the obsequies of their late commander, devolved on a party of the Ninth regi- ment of foot. In life the soldiers had admired his noble disposition, refined understanding, and lofty sentiments of honour ; in him was seen an uncommon capacity, sustained by virtue, governed by patriotism ; he pos- sessed the confidence of his troops, and his memory was engraven on their hearts. At midnight his remains were removed to the citadel by the oflicers of his staff, and the soldiers of the Ninth du§ his grave on the rampart. Early on the following morning, as the can- non of the enemy opened a heavy fire, his corpse was folded in a military cloak and consigned to the earth. The army embarked and left the coast ; and Marshal Soult, with a noble generosity, subsequently erected a monument to the memory of the British hero. The following lines on the burial of Lieut.-General SiE John Moore, hy the Rev. C. Wolfe, are here in- troduced, as the Ninth regiment furnished the fatigue party in the interment of their revered Commander : — Not a drum was heard, — not a fiineral note, — As his corse to the rampart we hurried ; ] Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot O'er the grave where our hero we buried ! We buried him darkly at dead of night, The sods with our bayonets turning ; By the struggling moonbeam's misty light, •. And the lantern dimly burning ! m :'s,'.>' 50 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1809 ^0 useless coffin enclosed his breast, Nor in sheet, nor in shroud we wound him ; But he lay like a warrior taking his rest, With his martial cloak around him ! Few and short were the prayers we said, And we spoke not a word of sorrow ; But we stedfastly gazed on the face of the dead, And we bitterly thought of the morrow I We thought, as we hoUow'd his narrow bed, And smooth'd down his lonely pillow, That the foe and the stranger would tread o'er his head, And we far away on the billow ! . Lightly they'll talk of the spirit that's gone, And o'er his cold ashes upbraid him ; But little he'll reck, if they let him sleep on » In the grave where a Briton has laid him I But half of our heavy task was done, When the clock struck the hour for retiring ; And we heard the distant and random gun That the foe was suddenly firing ! Slowly and sadly we laid him down, ' ' From the field of his fame, fresh and gory ; ' * We carved not a line ; we raised not a stone ; " .' But we left him alone with his glory ! After taking part in covering the embarkation of the army, the Ninth went on board the fleet on the 18th of January J they landed at Plymouth and Ports- mouth in February, and marched from thence to Can- terbury, where they were joined by two hundred and thirty volunteers from the militia, and ninety-six recruits from the second battalion. With a generous zeal for the interest of mankind, the British government resolved to continue to aid the Spaniards, and it was considered necessary, for the safety of the army, to possess some strong fort in that country, as a place of arms. With this view negocia- tions were entered into for the possession of Cadiz, and, in the expectation that the wishes of the British - II JiipiatM REGIMENT OF FOOT. 51 of the ts- in- nd six nd, the he lat ia- liz, ish government would be acceded to, troops were sent to 1809 take possession of that fortress. The second battalion of the Ninth embarked for Cadiz in February, but, on arriving at that port, so many frivolous objections were made by the Supreme Junta, that the British troops under Major-General Mackenzie returned to Portugal in March, and the Ninth joined Brigadier- General Cameron's brigade. Fifty thousand French troops were hovering on the frontiers of Portugal, and Lieut.-General Sir John Cradock concentrated the British about two stages in front of Lisbon, waiting for the enemy to develope his plans ; Marshal Soult invaded the north of Portugal, and captured Oporto, and after the arrival of reinforce- ments, the British and Portuguese, under Sir Arthur Wellesley, advanced to drive the enemy from the con- quered territory. The second battalion of the Ninth was engaged in this enterprise ; and it embarked with other corps, in boats at Aveiro, with the view of turn- ing the enemy's right by the lake of Ovar; the Portu- guese fishermen comprehending the object, worked . with such good will, that the flotilla arrived at the town of Ovar in a few hours. The enemy's flanks being turned, his divisions fell back upon Oporto, and the Ninth took part in the passage of tljp Douro, on the 12th of May, and in driving Marshal Soult from Oporto : this was one of the most brilliant exploits which had taken place for many years. The Ninth also took part in the pursuit of the French, who de- stroyed their artillery and baggage, and made a pre- cipitate retreat through the mountains. On the 20th of May, the Ninth returned from the pursuit, and proceeded towards Lisbon ; they had been selected to form part of the garrison of Gibraltar, and embarking F. 2 52 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1809fipom Lisbon, on the 18th of June, arrived at that fortress on the 3rd of July. The first battalion was sL.itioncd at Canterbury, from whence it marched, on the 17th of July, to Rams- gate, where it embarked with the expedition under the Earl of Chatham, designed for an attack on Hol- land, as a diversion in favour of the continental armies in the field against Napoleon. The Ninth, thirty-eighth, and forty-second, formed a brigade under Major- General Montrcsor, and after menacing the Flemish coast at several points, landed, in August, on South Beveland, an island twenty-four miles long and from five to eight broad, formed by the divided branches of the river Scheldt. On this 'sland the Ninth remained above three weeks; the object of the expedition was defeated by procrastination, and in September, the regiment returned to England, and resumed its former quaiters at Canterbury, where it lost many men by n disease contracted while employed on this expedition. 1810 In Apri', 1810, the light company of the second battalion was withdrawn from Gibraltar to take part in the defence of Tarifa, a small town of Spain, in a bay on the north side of the Straits of Gibraltar, fortified with a wall and towers, and situate about seventeen miles from Gibraltar. The light companies of the Ninth, thirtieth, and forty-seventh, a batta- lion company of the twenty- eighth, and a detachment of artillery, sailed from Gibraltar to Algesiras, where they landed on the 14th of April, and marched to Tarifa; on the 2l8t, the French endeavoured to carry the place by a coup de-main, but were repulsed, and they retreat u on the same night with considerable loss. REGIMENT OF FOOT. 58 On the 22n(lof June, the second battalion embarked 1810 from Gibraltar on Board the Hydra, and sailed for Malaga, under the command of Major- General Bowes ; but, on reaching thi- * port, it was ordered to return to Gibraltar immediately. After a quick passage, it ar- rived at Gibralta r on the 2nd of July, and resumed its post at that important fortress, where it wan joined by the light company on the 24th of Septemb» '' the same year. After a short repose in quarters at Cantc first battalion embarked to join the army ii, u^al under Viscount Wellington ; it landed at l.isbon in March, 1810, and occupied the barracks of Campo de Rique until the end of June ; being the first corps of the Walcheren expedition which had been subsequently embarked again for service. From Lisbon the Ninth advanced to Thomar, where they were stationed three months. At this period a i unerous French army had penetrated Portugal under Marshal Massena ; and the Ninth, having been formed in brigade with the third battalion of the first Royals, and second battalion of the thirty- eighth, joined the army under Viscount Welling- ton on the 20th of September, and were in position on the rocks of Busaco, on the 27th of September, to stem the torrent of invasion which threatened to overwhelm Portugal. The French formed five columns of attack, and throwing forward a host of skirmishers, ascended the steep front of the Sierra de Busaco with the gallantry of troops accustomed to victory At some points they were speedily driven back, but at others they gained a temporary advantage. The right of the third division was forced back ; the eighth Portuguese regiment was broken, and the hostile masses gained the highest part of the position between the third and fifth IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 II I.I 1.25 l^yi 125 ■U Uii 12.2 2.0 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRUT WnSTIR.N.Y. MStO (716)t72-4S03 'i^?V^ '^ ^ ^ <^ \ / 54 TH£ NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1810 divisions, when the leading battalions established them- selves among the rocks, forming with their right 7esting upon a precipice overhanging the reverse side of the sierra. Major-General Leith perceiving the serious impression made by the enemy, led the Boyals, Ninth, and thirty-eighth to the attack, and keeping the Royals in reserve, he directed the thirty-eighth to turn the right of the French, and as the precipice prevented this. Colonel Cameron formed the Ninth, under a violent fire, and led them to Une charge. The distinguished conduct of the regiment on this occasion, is described as follows: — 'The thirty-eighth were therefore directed ' to form also and support, when Major-General Leith * led the Ninth regiment to attack the enemy on the ' rocky ridge, which they did without firing a shot. ' That part which looks behind the sierra was inac- ' cessible, and afforded' the enemy the advantage of ' outflanking the Ninth on the left, as they advanced ; ' but the order, celerity, and coolness with which they ' attacked, panic-struck the enemy, who immediately ' gave way on being charged with the bayonet, and the ' whole were driven down the face of the sierra in con- ' fusion, and with immense loss, from the destructive ' firo which the Ninth regiment opened upon them as ' they fled with precipitation after the charge. The ' steadiness and accuracy with which the Ninth at- ' tended to the direction of the march, which, before * they were engaged, was continually changing^ in order ' to form in the most advantageous manner for the ' attack of the enemy ; the quickness and precision with ' which they formed line under a heavy fire : their ' instantaneous and orderly charge, by which they drove ' the enemy, so much superior in numbers, from a ' formidable position ; and the promptitude with which Ithe lith lieir )ve a lich BSOIMENT OF FOOT. 55 ' they obeyed Major-Oeneral Leith's order to cease 1810 * firing, was, altogether, conduct as distinguished as ' any regiment could have shown, and perhaps, not the ' less worthy of notice, that it is well known the enemy's * attack was made by the flower ofRegnier's corps, who ' had volunteered their service, in which they were ' ultimately defeated. The Ninth regiment was com- ' manded by Lieut.-Colonel Cameron, who, notwith- ' standing his being extremely ill, exerted himself with ' the greatest gallantry in front, during the charge, ' when his horse was killed under him.' The enemy was ultimately repulsed at all points, and the allied artoiy stood triumphant on the field of battle. The signal gallantry evinced by the Ninth on this occasion was applauded in the field, their conduct has been commended by historians, and rewarded with the royal authority to bear the word " Busaco" on their colours. They had five rank and file killed ; Lieu- tenant George Lindsay lost an arm ; one serjeant and seventeen rank and file were wounded. Although repulsed in his attack on the position of Busaco, the enemy tras enabled, by his superior numbers, to turn this post by a flank movement, when the allied army fell back to the lines of Torres Vedras, where a resistance was opposed to the French Marshal which he could not overcome. The Ninth were stationed on the heights of Sobral ; in November, when the enemy retreated to Santarem, the regiment took post at Alcantara, and in December it went into quarters at Torres Vedras, where it remained three months. While Marshal Massena was before the linos of Torres Vedras, Marshal Victor blockaded Cadiz, and Marshal Soult led another army into Estremadura. After the departure of Marshal Soult, the blockading 56 THE NINTH, OR BAST NORFOLK 1811 force before Cadiz was not very numerous, and the light and grenadier companies of the second battalion of the Ninth, having been completed to eighty men each, embarked from Gibraltar on the 20th of Feb- ruary, 1811, to take part in an attack on the rearofthe enemy's lines before Cadiz. They lauded at Tarifa, and were there joined by the troops from Cadiz, under Lieut.-General Graham. Seven thousand Spaniards also arrived under General La Pena, and the whole moving forward, the advance-guard stormed Com Viejas on the 2nd of March ; the French were driven from Vejer de la Frotera on the drd, and on the morning of the 5th, after a night march of sixteen hours, the army arrived at the heights of Barrom. The British con- tinued their march to Bermeja, leaving the flank com- panies of the Ninth and eighty-second, under Major Brown, of the twenty-eighth, as a guard for the baggage ; at the same time some injudicious movements were made by the Spaniards. Marshal Victor, observing the divided state of the allied forces, brought forward his troops, and commencing the battle, cut off a Spanish detachment, drove the rear-guard from the heights, and captured three Spanish guns. The flank companies of the Ninth and eighty-Eiecond, being unable to stem the torrent of battle, retired into t" ip-'ii, where they fought Rufiin's French brigade w: . great gallantry. Meanwhile the main body of ^.he British had returned ; a cannonade, a few volleys of musketry, and a charge with the bayonet, broke onr body of the enemy. The flank companies of the Nfmth and eighty-second, being engaged with a French brigade, were overmatched in numbers and nearly destroyed ; yet they maintained the fight until a column under Brigadier- General Dilkes arrived to their aid, when the whole ran up the height. ■^vo;:;-,. REGIMENT OF FOOT. 67 . The French met them at the summit; a sanguinary 1811 fight ensued ; but'the British pressed forward with such violence, that the French vrer^ driven from the hill with the loss of many soldiers and three guns. The Spaniards looked on, while the British fought this terrible battle against superior numbers, and when the victory was won, the English were too exhausted to pursue. An eagle, six pieces of cannon, two general officers, and many captured soldiers, were the trophies of this victory. Lieut.-General Graham stated in his public de- spatch, ' No expressions of mine could do justice to the ' conduct of the troops throughout. Nothing less than * the almost unparalleled exertions of every officer, — ' the invincible bravery of every soldier, — and the most ' determined devotion to the honor of His Majesty's ' arms in aU,— could have achieved this brilliant success ' against so formidable an enemy so posted.* The flank companies of the Ninth had eight rank and file killed; Captain Godwin, Lieutenants Taylor, Robertson, and Seward, four scrjeants, two drummers, and fifty rank and file wounded. When the conflict had ceased, Lieut.-General Graham remained on the field of battle; but the Spanish General did not seize the favourable opportunity, which the valour of the British troops had put into his hands, of striking a severe blow at the remains of the French army retreating in disorder. The inactivity of the Spaniards continuing, the British proceeded to Cadiz, where the flank companies of the Ninth embarked for Tarifa, and, after a short stay at this port, rejoined the second battalion at Gibraltar. The first battalion was quartered at Torres Vcdras, until the French army, under Marshal Massena, having 58 THE NIVTH, OR BAST NORFOLK 1811 exhausted its resources, had become reduced in numbers, and retreated towards Spain. The Ninth left their quarters on the. 7th of March, and moving in pursuit of the retreating enemy, took part in the opera- tions by which the French were driven to the frontiers. When, from a deficiency of supplies, the army was obliged to halt a few days for the arrival of provisions, the Ninth encamped at Venda du Vachie; they after- wards resumed the pursuit, and on the 3rd of April came up with a body of French at StUmgaly whom they drove over the bridge at the point of the bayonet. The enemy was driven from his positions on the Coa, forced across the frontier into Spain, and Portugal, except the fortress of Almeida, was freed from the presence of French troops. Such were the results of this splendid campaign, so honourable to British skill and valour. After restoring that order and discipline which the French troops had lost in their hasty retreat from Portugal, Marshal Massena crossed the frontiers of Spain in the beginning of May, and advanced to relieve the blockade of AlmeidUi, The battle of Fwntei cT Onor followed ; the Ninth took part in repulsing the enemy, and had four men of the light company wounded. The French army having been defeated in its attempt to relieve Almeida, the garrison effected its escape. The Ninth went into cantonments at Aldea del Bispo ; in the middle of May they removed to Nava d'Aver; the armies of Marshals Soult and Marmont uniting in Spanish Estremadura, the regiment marched to the Alemtejo, to cover that frontier, and was stationed at Portalegre ; and when the French Commanders, finding themselves unable to force the British position, separated, it marched to Paio, where it was joined by two hundred volunteers from the militia. I w REOIHBKT OF FOOT. 59 Wbile the first battalion was at Nara d* Aver, 1811 Tarragona, a seaport in the north-east of Spain, built upon rocks, near the mouth of the river Francoli, in Catalonia, was besieged by a French army under Marshal Suchet, and the second battalion of the Ninth was withdrawn from Gibraltar on the I9th of June, to aid, if practicable, in the defence of Tarragona. It arrived off that fortress on the 26th of June ; but the place was captured by storm two days afterwards. The battalion subsequently sailed to the island of Minorca, and anchored, on the 7th of July, in the harbour of Port Mahon. On the 14th of July it sailed for Gibraltar, and on the 26th resumed its former post in that fortress. The light company of the second battalion was again 1812 employed at Tarifa, from the 1st of January to the 27th of April, 1812. During the winter of 1811-12, the British com- mander in Portugal undertook the siege of Civdad Bodriffo; the first battalion of the Ninth advanced from Paio, and arrived at Fuente Guinaldo on the 18th of January; Ciudad Rodrigo was captured by storm on the 19th, and on the following day the regi- ment marched into that fortress, and occupied the barracks until thd end of February. The next undertaking of the British troops was the siege of Badajos. To engage in this enterprise, the Ninth left Ciudad Rodrigo on the 1st of March, crossed the Tagus near Villa Velha, and joined the besieging army. On the night of the 6th of April, when the storming parties prepared for the assault, the Ninth were under arms, and advanced in the expecta- tion of taking part in the attack ; but they were kept in reserve on the spot where Lord Wellington was making observations. At day-break on the following 60 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK P ' n 1812 morning, they were moved into the town, to repress the violence of the soldiers who had captured the place by storm, in which duty they were employed all the day. Several men were wounded by straggling shots from the fire which loose parties still kept up, and the duty of restoring tranquillity, on this occasion, proved one of the most arduous undertakings in which the regi- ment was ever engaged. This service performed, the regiment marched back to Portugal, and took part in driving the French, under Marshal Marmont, from the province of Beira. Having chased the enemy across the frontiers, the army went into quarters, and the Ninth were cantoned at Momento de Beira, and Lamegoon the Douro. After reposing a short period in quarters, the regi- ment crossed the Agueda river, and advanced upon Salamanca ; the French were driven from this city on the 17th of June, but theyleft garrisons in the fortified convents, which were besieged. The Ninth were in position in the mountains of St. Christoval, when Marshal Marmont advanced to relieve the forts ; and when the French, unable to accomplish their object, fell back behind the Douro, the regiment advanced to the vicinity of Nava del Rey. Reinforcements having joined the French army. Marshal Marmont passed the Douro in the middle of July, and commenced a series of manoeuvres. Lieut- Colonel Cameron, having suffered from ill health, had just left the regiment to return to England on sick leave, but hearing the enemy s cannonade, on the 17th of July, he rejoined the regiment, which took post at Torrecilla de la Orden, to cover the retrc^ade move- ment of two divisions and a brigade of cavalry in ad- vance- The French pressed the corps in advance with REGIMENT OF FOOT. 61 superior numbers, and the whole withdrew across the 1812 Ouarena river ; on passing the stream, the fifth division, of which the Ninth formed part, was cannonaded by forty guns : the soldiers stood their gpround until all the troops had passed, and then retired across the plain in view of both armies ; having by their steadiness prevented the further advance of the enemy. A series of retrograde movements brought the allied army back to the vicinity of Salamanca ; and, on the 22nd of July, as the French were executing a difficult and complicated manoeuvre, the English general ordered his divisions forward and commenced the battle. As the Ninth advanced to the attack, their progress was obstructed by a village, which separated them from the other two corps of their brigade (Royals and thirty- eighth). Thus left to themselves, the Ninth sloped arms and pressed forward without firing a shot ; they were near Major-General Le Marchant*s brigade of heavy cavalry when it executed its brilliant charge on the French infantry, and Major-Oeneral Le Marchant was killed in front of the regiment. Pressing rapidly for- ward along with the dragoons, and sharing with them in their successes against the French infantry, the Ninth were at length a quarter of a mile in front ^f the other regiments of their brigade, when one of Lcrt'l Welling- ton's aides-de-camp rode up, and said, *' The Ninth is the only regiment formed, advance." This was instantly obeyed, but Lieut.-General Leith being wounded, Lieut.-Colonel Greville, who was in the com- mand of the brigade, ordered the Ninth to retire and join the other two regiments of their brigade ; thus yielding a post so strong that the sixth division lost many men in ret&^dng it. A decisive victory was, however, gained j and the regiment was afterwards rewarded with the ,-. tlceeded ^ i boal;^ to Ghent, and afterwards marched to Paris, where it arrived on the 5th of September, and encamped near St. Denis. It was formed in brigade with the fifty-seventh, eighty- RIOIMBMT OP FOOT. 79 the at nt, on nis. ity- ilrat, and ninetieth regiments, under Mftjor-Oeneral Sir ^^^^ Thomas Bradford. The Ninth having been selected to form part of the Army of Occupation in France, were formed, in Norember, in brigade with the fifth and twenty*first regiments, under Major-Oeneral Sir Thomas Brisbane, and quartered at Boulogne. In December they were removed to Compiegne. A reduction taking place in the strength of the army, the second battalion was disbanded at Chatham on the 24th of December. From Compiegne the Ninth marched, in January, ^^^^ 1816, to the vicinity of Valenciennes, and were quar- tered at St. Amand. In August they were encamped at the village of Aire, subsequently on the glacis of Valenciennes, and on the 22nd of October, they were reviewed with the British, Danish, and Saxon forces, on the plain of St. Denain. After the review, the regiment returned to St. Amand. In the spring of 1817, the establishment was reduced from a thousand to eight hundred rank and file. The strength of the British contingent of the Army of Occupation being reduced, the fifth, Nin th, and a battalion of the Bifle Brigade, were formed in brigade under Major-General Sir John Lambert. Leaving St. Amand in April, the regiment marched into village cantonments near Cambray; in July it encamped on the glacis of Cambray;* in September it was removed to the glacis of Valenciennes, and on the 6th of that month it was reviewed with the British army, by the King of Prussia. The Ninth were also * While the regiment was at Cambray, Major Ferrari was killed by a fall £n»m the rampart into the ditch. 80 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1817 among the troops reviewed, near Bouchain, by His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent ; and they passed the winter in village quarters near Cambray. 1818 The regiment left its village cantonments in the beginning of June, 1818, and pitched its tents on the glacis of Cambray, from whence it was removed, in October, to the camp at Noylle sur Selle, preparatory - to the general review of the Army of Occupation, by the Emperor of Russia, King of Prussia, Prince of Orange, and Grand Dukes Constantine and Michael, which took place on the 23rd of October. After this review, the Army, of Occupation withdrew from France. The Ninth marched to Calais, where they embarked for England, and landing at Dover and Ramsgate, marched from thence to Winchester, where they received orders to hold themselves in readiness to embark for the West Indies. At the same time the establishment was reduced to thirty-nine officers, thirty-five Serjeants, thirty corporals, twenty two drum- mers, and six hundred and twenty private soldiers. 1819 The regiment left Winchester on the 30th of January, 1819, embarked at Gosport on the 3rd of February, and arrived at Carlisle Bay, Barbadoes, on the 3rd of April. On the 7th it landed, and was inspected by Lieut.-General Lord Combermere; after the inspec- tion the head-quarters and five companies, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, sailed to the island of St. Vincent; three companies, under Brevet Lieut.- Colonel Peebles, to Dominica; and two companies, under Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Lambert, to St Lucia. On the 8th of July, the regiment was inspected by Major-General Robinson ; on the 14th, Captain Siborn died, being the first officer lost by the regiment in the West Indies. REOTMBNT OF FOOT. 8t 3C- ? St. '' lit.- jes, I* V by km Ihe The Ninth were stationed at St. Vincent^ Dominica^ 1820 and St. Lucia, until February, 1821, when a general 1821 change of quarters taking place in the Windward and Leeward islands, they were removed to Grenada and Trinidad, and in April two companies were detached to Tobago. Colonel Cameron having been promoted to the rank of Major-General, was succeeded in the Lieut.-Colonelcy by Colonel Nathaniel Blackwell, who arrived at Grenada towards the end of 1821. In this year the establishment was reduced from ten to eight companies. Thirty-two recruits arrived from England in March, 1822 1822 ; they were attacked by the yellow fever before they quitted the transport, and Major Loftus and twenty-six recruits died in a few days. For several years the regiment was stationed at 1823 Grenada, Trinidad, and Tobago^ the only changes being a slight variation in the number of companies at each island, made from time to time as the circum- stances of the service required. In 1825 the head- 1825 quarters were removed from Grenada to Trinidad : in the same year two companies were added to the esta- blishment, and Colonel Campbell was appointed to the Lieut.-Colonelcy. The regiment was divided into six service and four depot companies ; a few officers and soldiers were withdrawn from the West Indies, and the depdt companies were established at Albany barracks. Isle of Wight. Orders arriving for the return of the regiment to 1826 England, the following general order was issued, dated Barbadoes, 24th November, 1826 : — 'The Waterloo transport being about to sail for ' Trinidad, where, after disembarking that part of the o 82 THE NINTH, OK EAST NORFOLK 1826 'eighty-sixth regiment now on board, she is destined * to receive the head-quarters and a portion of the 'Ninth regiment, and convey them to England; ' Lieut.- General Sir Henry Warde avails himself of 'this opportunity, to express to Major Taylor, com- 'manding, the very high sense he entertains of the * general good conduct and discipline, maintained by 'that corps, during the long period he has had the ' honour and pleasure of having it under his command, * and his best thanks are therefore due to the whole of ' the officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, and 'particularly to Major Taylor, for the very zealous ' and praiseworthy manner in which he has conducted ' the command, since he has been placed at the head ' of the regiment.' In December, the companies at Grenada, and also those at Tobago, embarked for England, and, in the 182'7 beginning of February, 1827, the last company arrived at Pl3rmouth. During the eight years the Ninth were stationed in the West Indies, eight officers and two hundred and seventy-one soldiers died of disease. Soon after its arrival in England, the regiment re- ceived new arms ; and Major Taylor succeeded Colonel Campbell in the lieut.-colonelcy. During the summer four hundred recruits were trained and returned fit for duty, under the zealous and unremitting superin- tendence of Adjutant Brownrigg, and in June, when Major-General Sir John Cameron inspected the regi- ment, he eis:pressed the great pleasure he should have in reporting the very gratifying results of the exertions of the officers, in the high condition into which the corps had been so speedily brought, after its return from the West Indies. A new pair of colours, bearing the honorary inscrip- REOIMSm' OF FOOT. 83 tions acquired by the regiment during the war of 1327 Spanish and Portuguese independence^ having been prepared by General Sir Robert Brownrigg, they were presented, on the 25th of September, by Lady Came- ron, consort of Major-General Sir John Cameron, who had so often led the Ninth to battle and to victory. This very interesting ceremony was performed in the Grand Square, at Devonport, the whole garrison taking part in the spectacle. On the regiment quitting this station, the following garrison orders were issued^ dated 4th October, 1827 : — 'The first division of the Ninth regiment will em- 'bark from the dock-yard on Saturday morning at * seven o'clock, and the baggage at four o'clock p.m. on 'Friday. The remaining companies will be concen- ' trated in the citadel. ' This regiment is naturally endeared to Major- ' General Sir John Cameron, by long and intimate as- ' sociation ; expressions of marked approval, which the ' appearance, interior system, and conduct of the corps, * undeniably claim from the General Commanding, arc, * therefore, particularly in accordance with his private 'feelings. ' The Major-General has watched with lively interest ^ * the unremitting exertions of Lieut.^Colonel Taylor, ' and the officers under him, to form the numerous re- 'cruits, and improve the battalion, and warmly con- 'gratulates the lieut.-colonel on the proof of success ' exhibited by the steadiness and correct movement of ' the men, at the inspection on the Ist instant. ' The Major-General takes leave of the Ninth regi- *men with sensible regret; his best wishes will ever ' attend the officers, non-commissioned officers, and * private soldiers.' - v . g2 84 THE NINTH, OB EAST NORFOLK 1827 After landing at Liverpool, the regiment marched to Manchester, Stockport, and Oldham, and its condi- tion was commended at the autumnal inspection, by Major-Oeneral Harris. 1828 In the summer of 1828, the regiment was removed to Bolton and Blackburn ; in October it embarked at Liverpool for Ireland, and after landing at Belfast, occupied the barracks at that place, vrith two com- panies detached to Downpatrick and Carrickfergus. 1829 At these quarters the Ninth remained during the year 1829, and the spring of 1830, during which time its condition was commended at three inspections by Major-General Thornton, who passed very high enco- 1830 oiiums on its appearance and efficiency. In June, 1830, the regiment marched to Newry, Armagh, and Cavan, and was employed in preserving the public peace, on several occasions when riots had been apprehended. In September, the regiment proceeded to Dublin, and was stationed in Richmond barracks. 1831 From Dublin, the regiment marched in May, 1831, to Limerick; in October the head quarters were removed to Oalway ; but they returned to Limerick in December. 1832 In January, 1S32, the regiment proceeded to Fer- moy, from whence it was removed in March to Cork, where it was stationed eight months. At Cork, the Ninth were divided into six service and four depdt companies. The depdt companies pro- ceeded to Fermoy ; and the service companies embarked on the 24th of November, on board the Jupiter for the Mauritius. 1833 Sailing from Plymouth in January, 1833, the service companies arrived in April, at the island of Mauritius, so called by the Dutch in 1598, in honour of Maurice RBOiMBNT OF FOOT. Hi Prince of Ofange, but the French designated it the Isle 1833 of France. Atthbieland, which has been celebrated for a fine climate and excellent air, the Ninth remained for two years and five months. On the death of General Sir Robert Brownrigg, Bart.. G.C.B. in May, 1833, King WilUam IV. con- ferred the colonelcy on Major-General Sir John Cam- eron, K.C.B. an officer who had served at the head of the regiment in many desperate engagements. In April the service companies left Mah^bourg, and 1834 Returned to Port Louis, where they were stationed until September, 1835, when they embarked for Bengal, i835 and arrived at Calcutta in November following. The depdt companies were removed from Ireland in February to Chatham, and were embarked for India in June; they arrived at Calcutta in October. After doing duty at Fort William for two months, the regiment proceeded to Chinsurah, where it arrived in January, 1836. 1836 The Ninth were stationed at Chinsurah until De- 1839 cember, 1838, when they were removed to Hazaree- 1838 baugh, where they remained during the year 1839. i83g In January, 1840, they marched to \gra, and from 1840 thence to Meerut in October following. On the 1st December, 1841, the regiment proceeded 1841 from Meerut en route to Ferozepore, for the purpose of being employed on active service beyond the Indus. Before proceeding with the details of this campaign, it is necessary that a survey should be taken of the state of affairs in Affghanistan, in order to form a correct estimate of the nature of the service on which the regiment was to be employed. Shah Shoojah, who was reinstated by the British in 1839 on the throne of Cabool, continued Unpopular 86 THE NINTH, OR BAST NORFOLK tl 1841 Mrith his subjecto. The insurrections fomented by the Affghan chiefs, during the years 1840 and 1841, against bis autibority, rendered the presence of a British force necessary in order to secure his sovereignty. This state of things obuld not be of long continuance, and a crisis soon arrived. The Affghan chiefs, and their wild adherents, surrounded the city of Cabool, in November, 1841 ; this was followed by the treacherous murder of the English envoys and other officers; and although the Anglo-Indian troops maintained their position against overpowering numbers of insurgents for Bourse weeks, yet a failure of provisions, in a country removed by distance from the possibility of succour, rendered it necessary to retire, in reliance on the faith of a convention, towards Jellalabad. The faithless enemy, stained by the foul crime of assassination, broke the truce, and on the British quitting Cabool in January, 1842, they were treacherously attacked by the A%hans, who, taking advantage of the fastnesses of the country, and the severity of the climate, mas- sacred, or took prisoners, the greater part of the army. The Government resolved to inflict retribution for such treacherotis proceedings, and an army was accord- ingly assembled under Major- General Pollock, for the purpose of relieving the troops under Colonel Sir Robert Sale, who had gallantly defended Jellalabad, against the Affghans, and rtoisted all the efforts of Akbar Khan, notwithstanding that the wretched mud walls and fortifications thrown up by the garrison, were frequently destroyed by the earthquakes which ocqurred. Her Majesty's Ninth regiment of foot formed part of the force selected for this service, and proceeded on the 4th January, 1842, from Ferosepore in progress to ^ Affghanistan, and in April arrived in the vicinity of RBOIMKNT OF FOQT. 87 the Khyber pacNi, which the enemy had for some days i842 occupied in great numbers, and had fortified the mouth of the pass with a strong breast-work of stones and bushes. Precipitous and rocky hills, on the right and left, presented great natural obstacles to the ascent of troops, and it was an undertaking of no ordi- nary difficulty to gain the summit of those heights, defended, as they were, by a numerous body of the enemy ; the columns destined to accomplish this most important object, moved off simultaneously with the main column intended to assault the entrance, but were compelled to make a considerable detour to the right and left, to enable them to commence the ascent. The right column, consisting of four companies of Her Majesty's Ninth regiment of foot, and the same number of companies of the twenty-sixth and sixty- fourth native infantry, was under the command of laeut.'Colonel Taylor, of Her Majesty's Ninth regi- ment, and Major Anderson of the sixty-fourth native infantry. The left column, consisting of four com- panies of the Ninth foot, a similar number of companies of the twenty-sixth and sixty-fourth native infantry, together with four hundred jezaildbees, commanded by I^ieut.^Colonel Mosely and Major Huish, commenced the ascent, led by Captain Ferris, of the regiment of The following extract from Major-Qeneral Pollock's despatch, givep a graphic account of the operations : — ' Both columns, after considerable opposition, which ' they overcame in a most gallant style, succeeded in ' routing the enemy, and gaining possession of the ' crest of the hills on either side. While the flanking ' columns were in prepress on the heights, I ordered ' Captain Alexander, in command of the artillery, to St) THE NINTHi OH BAST NORFOLK 1842' place the guns in position, and to throw shrapneU aniong^ the enemy when opportunity offered, which assisted much in their discomfiture. As Lieut.' Colonel Taylor, from the opposition he had met with, and the extremely difficult nature of the gpround, was some time in reaching the summit of the hill on the right, I detached a party (consisting of the grenadiers of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, and six companies of the fifty-third native infantry), under the command of Brigadier Wild, to assault it in front ; it was, however, so extremely steep near the top, that, notwithstanding the undaunted gallantry of the officers and men, they were unable to gain a footing on the summit, and, I regret to say, the enemy were enabled .to throw stones, with fatal effect, upon some of the leading grenadiers of the Ninth foot. Finding the heights in our possession, I now advanced the main column to the mouth of the Pass, and commenced destroying the barrier, which the enemy had evacuated on per- ceiving their position was turned ; a portion of the right and left columns being left to keep the heights under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Moseley, and Major Anderson respectively. Major Huish and Lieut.-Colonel Taylor continued their advance to crown the hills in front, and on each side, which were covered with the enemy, who appeared determined to contest every inch of ground ; but nothing could resist the gallantry of our troops, who carried everything before them.' • Fi^om Major-General McCaskill (Lieut.-Colonel of the Ninth foot), commanding the infantry division, who was on this occasion commanding the rear-guard, I have received every assistance; as likewise from Brigadier Wild: — to Lieut.-Colonel Taylor, my HeOlliBNT OF FOOT. 89 ' warmegt acknowledgmeiits are due for tht jririt, jg42 * coolness, and judgment with which he discharged the ' duties entrusted to him.' The columns under the command of Lieut.- Colonel Taylor ** for the capture of the heightier on the right entrance to the Khyber Pass, were formed at day- break on the 5th April, 1842, in three divisions of four companies each, protected on the right flank by a squadron of Her Majesty's third light dragoons, under Lieutenant Unett, and in this order, with skirmishers and supports in front, advanced, driving a considerable body of the enemy up the hills, which were scaled and crowned in spite of a determined opposition. This effected, the troops moved to their left to clear the redoubts commanding the entrance to the Pass, which were abandoned on the approach of the British, the enemy suffering severely in their retreat. Lieut.-Col- onel Taylor finally succeeded in clearing off the enemy from their positions on the right of the road to Ali Musjid, although an obstinate resistance was offered on several points, especially over the bridge, where the enemy had concentrated in force. Having been rein- forced by a detachment of the thirty-third native infantry. Captain Lushington, of the Ninth r^ment of foot, proceeded with it, and the light company of the Ninth foot, to the right, to take the enemy's posi- tion in reverse, whilst Lieut.- Colonel Taylor attacked in front. This had the desired effect of forcing their * Lieut.-CoIonel Taylor's right advanced column consisted of tv/o companies of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, four companies of the twenty-sixth native infantry ; Major Anderson's rear right flank column, one and a half company of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, four and a half companies of the sixty-fourlh native infantry, and one hundred jezailchees (Mackeson's). 90 THE NINTH, OR KAIT NORFOLK 1842 immediate retreat, and clearing the bridg'*. No further opposition wai offered by the enemy, who retreated on Ali Musjid ; while Lieut. Colonel Taylor pushed on, and occupied the tower and hill to the left, within about a mile of that place.* The regiment sustained the loss of Lieutenant James SlatoT Gumming, a very promising officer, who was killed on the heights above the Pass, while in command of No. 6 company, and Captain Ogle was wounded. The complete success of the attacks made by the force in advance, rendered unnecessary any active operations on the part of the division under Major- General Mc Caskill, and the troops under H^s com- mand bivouacked at a spot about two miles vithin the Pass, without any molestation iVom the enemy. The loss sustained by the Ninth regiment of foot on the dth April, 1842, in forcing the Khyber Pass, consisted of one colour«serJcant and six pri- vates killed ; and one drummer and thirty'One privates wounded. The regiment arrived at Jellalabud on the 16th April, 1842, and remained there until the 20th August following, when it proceeded m route to Cabool, arriving at Oundamuck on the morning of the 23rd of that month. Here information was received that the enemy under the Chiefs Hadji Ali, and Kliyroollah Khan, occupied the village and fort of Mammoo Khail, situate about two miles from Oundamuck, and it was determined upon attacking them the following moming.f Accordingly, on the 24th August, at 4 o'clock am.. * Lieut.-Colonol Taylor's despstoh. t Miyor-Generel Pollock's despatch. RBOIMKMT OF FOOT. the troops advanced. On clearing the broken ground 1842 in front, the infantry were divided into two columns, with a wing of Her Mi^esty's Ninth foot at the head of each. The enemy retired on the approach of the Anglo-Indian troops, who entered the village, the fields in front of which were purposely flooded to prevent their advance. Lieut.-Colonel Taylor, with some comjpanies of the Ninth foot and the twenty- sixth native infantry, occupied part of the heights in front of the village of Kooclec Khail, but as a position there was deemed unadvisable, Major General Mc Caskill received orders to retire on Mammoo Khail, about two miles dbtant. It was considered of im- portance to hold Mammoo Khail, which was the enemy's position, and the whole camp was brought there. Major Davis, of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, being selected to command the party ordered for its protection, a duty of considerable importance, as it was by no means improbable that the enemy would take advantage of the advance to attack the camp. Major-Qeneral Mc Caskill, in his despatch to Cap' tain Ponsonby (Assistant Adjutant General), states as follows, ' Camp, Mammoo Khail, ' Sir, Auffust 25, 1842. 'I beg to detail to you, for the information of ' Major-General Pollock, C.B. the operations of the ' right column in the affair of yesterday, after it had ' become separated from that of the left, on the com- ' plete success of the combined attack on the enemy's ' position in advance of Mammoo Khail. ' You are aware that this force consisted of four ' companies of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, and six of ' the twenty-sixth regiment of native infantry, under ' the immediate command of Lieut.-Colonel Taylor, :* r 92 THK NINTH, OR KAST NORFOLK 1842 « K.H. of the formor corps. The enemy had fled ' before our troops, and abandoned the village o* * Kooclee Khail, but reinforced strongly by the fngi- ' tives driven back by Brigadier Tulloch's column, he ' assumed a menacing attitude, and occupied in force ' a range of heights and detached summits in the ' Soofaid Koh. The most salient of these was a spur ' of the mountain within long musket-range of the ' buildings of Kooclee Khail. From this, and from ' other eminences of the most precipitous character, * the Ooloose were dislodged with the utmost spirit ' and gallantry, by the details under Lieut.-Colonel ' Taylor, aided, in the most effective manner, by a ' party of Captain Broadfoot's corps of sappers and * miners. The enemy were reinforced from time to ' time, and made many bold attacks, and kept up a < sharp fire of jezails from the loftiest peaks of the * mountain, but our troops, though so much pressed ' as to be compelled to recede from gpround which they ' had gained in one direction, maintained an advanced ' position among the hills, until withdrawn by order of ' Major-General Pollock, first into the plateau in firont ' of the village of Kooclee Khail, which they burnt ' down, and then back upon the present site of encamp- ' ment. In retiring over the plain between the two ' principal villages, the movement was covered by a * squadron of the fifth, and another of the tenth light ' cavalry, but the attempts of the Ooloose to annoy, ' were timid and feeble in the extreme, and our troops ' did not sustain a single casualty from their effects. * Lieut.-Colonel Taylor speaks in high terms of the * support which he received from Major Huish, ' commanding the twenty-sixth regiment of native * infantry, who was wounded, and afterwards from ' Captain Handscomb, of the same corps, and from ) '^^ ;-f^^ RBOIMBMT OP FOOT. INI 4^' Captain Ogle, commanding Her Majesty's Nimth 1842 foot ; and I beg to be permitted to bear my testi- mony to the merits of the Lieut.-Colonel's own exertions on this occasion, as well as to express my sense of the gallantry of all the troops engaged, and to acknowledge the able assistance which I received from Captain Havelock, Her Majesty's thirteenth light infantry (Deputy Assistant Adjutant General), Lieutenant Mayno, of the thirty-seventh regiment of native infantry (Officiating Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General), and Lieutenant Bethune, Her Majesty's Ninth foot, (my Aide-de-camp). The intrepidity also with which Captain Broadfoot's sappers and miners aided in the attack on one of the advanced heights, deserves my marked com- mendation. ' I have &c., 'John McGaskill, ' Mqjor-Oeneral, Commanding Infantry Dimion.' -f. >W,K' '-4i Captain G. Broadfoot of the Sappers and Miners, who commanded the right column, received directions to take a party of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, the Sappers being worn out, except about six men, and attack the hills ; the first and second heights were carried at the point of the bayonet, and flanking parties having turned the shoulders of the high range, the assailants were advancing when the main force arrived, and further progress was stayed. The loss of the Ninth foot was limited to two pri- vates killed; one oflScer (Captain R. S. Edmonds) severely wounded ; and one colour-seijeant and seven privates wounded ; also three rank and file killed at Mammoo Khail when the regiment was employed in destroying the forts and villages. 94 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1842 The Ninth foot remained at Mammoo Khail until the 30th August, when it returned to Gundamuck, and on the 8th September was engaged against the troops of Mahomed Khan and the Ghilzie chie& at the pass of JugduUttck, who were completely defeated. The regiment in this action had one serjeant and two privates killed ; and one seijeant and sixteen privates wounded. On the 9th September the troops advanced to Kutta Sung without experiencing opposition. On the I2th September the regiment was again en- gaged with the enemy in the Tezeen valley, and on the day following had the honor of sharing in the victory obtained at the Tezem Pass and Huft Kotul, over Mahomed Akbar Khan at the head of sixteen thou- sand men, a considerable portion being cavalry. Major-General Pollock, after reporting the arrival of the troops at Tezeen, on the 11th September, where he was joined by Major-General McCaskill, with the second division, thus proceeds : — ' On the 12th I halted in consequence of the cattle ' of the second division having suffered from the effects ' of fatigue, caused by their forced march : this halt ' the enemy imagined to be the result of hesitation, and ' in the afternoon, attacked the piquets on the left ' flank, and became so daring, that I considered it ' necessary to send Lieut .-Colonel Taylor,* with 250 * The following letter from Lieut.-Colonel Taylor, upon whom the command of the Ninth foot devolved, on Colonel Mc Caskiirs appointment to the command of a division of the army, deUdls the operations alluded to by Major-General Pollock : — ' Camp, Khoord Cabool, Sib, September 13, 1842. * I have to report, for the information of Major-General * Pollock, C.B., commanding the troops in Affghanistan, that ' agreeably to his orders, I proceeded, at half-past five o'clock yes- ' terday evening, with 2S0 men of Her Majesty's Ninth, to the sup- ' port of the guards in charge of the public cattle feeding on the ie' ; RBOIMBNT OF FOOT. 95 ' men of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, to drive them ^^42 ' back ; some sharp fighting took place, and the enemy ' was driven up the neighbouring hills, from the crests ' of which they kept up a heavy fire. Lieut.-Colonel ' Taylor, however, with a small party, crept up one * end of the hill, unperceived by the enemy, who were ' hotly engaged in their front, and lay concealed until * joined by a few more of his men, when, rushing up lat P- of the camp in the Tezeen valley, which were much pressed by the enemy. On clearing the left piquet, I was joined by Major Huish with a small party of the twenty-sixth native infantry. I threw forward a strong body of skirmishers, who qmckly drove back those of the enemy on the plain, pursuing them to a range of low hills, where they made a stand till dislodged by our advance : fur- ther on, I found the enemy, in force, from five to six hundred, had taken post along the crest and on the top of a range of steep hills running near a mile from the northward into the Tezeen valley ; those towards the north were assailed by Captain Lushington, of Her Miyesty's Ninth foot, with the left support and skirmishers, whilst I directed the attack against their front and left flank, which being turned, I ascended the heights between two ridges, which concealed my approach till close to the summit, and within twenty yards of their main body, consisting of more than three hundred men. Collecting thirty to forty men, with Lieutenants Elm- hirst, Lister, and Vigors, I ordered bayonets to be fixed, and the enemy to be charged, which was done with such resolution and efiect, that the whole mass, taken by surprise, was pushed headlong down the hilb, nor did they rally till out of musket shot. Their loss must have been veiy severe, as I observed numbers lagging behind to carry off their killed and wounded. As it was getting dark, I deemed it imprudent to pursue the enemy further, ordered the halt to be sounded, and, after remaining in possession of their position for half an hour, retired without molestation. It afRmls me great gratification to bear testimony to the spirit and gallantry displayed by officers and men on this occasion, especially Major Huish, of the twenty-sixth re^mcnt native infantry. Captain Lush- ington, and those concerned in the charge on the enemy. * I beg to transmit a return of the killed and wounded. * I have, &c. ' Captain Ponsonby, ' A. B. Tatu>b, Aasiatant Adjutant-General.* ' Lieut.-Colonel Ninth Foot.' 96 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1842 ' on the flank of the astounded Affghans, he inflicted a severe lesson, pouring in a destructive fire upon them, as they fled down the hill. A chieftain was found among the slain, who, it is supposed, was the brother of Khodabux Khan. The enemy remained inoffensive on our left flank, in consequence of this very well-planned and gallant affair of Lieut.-Colonel Taylor's, and withdrew to the right, where they com- menced a furious attack upon a piquet, consisting of eighty men of the sixtieth regiment of native infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Montgomery, who sus- tained the assault with great resolution, until rein- forcements reached him, when the enemy were beaten off. In this attack the piquet had four killed ; Lieu- tenant Montgomery and seventeen men were wounded. The enemy came so close, that frequent recourse was had to the bayonet. Their attempts on the piquets continued through the night, but were invariably unsuccessful. ' The valley of Tezeen, where we were encamped, is completely encircled by lofty hills, and, on the morning of the 13th September, it was perceived that the Affghans had occupied in great force every height not already crowned by our troops : I com- menced my march towards the mouth of the Tezeen Pass, where I left two guns, two squadrons of Her Majesty*s third light dragoons, a party of the first light cavalry, and third irregular cavalry. ' The Pass of Tezeen affords great advantages to an enemy occupying the heights, and on the present occasion, Mahomed Akbar neglected nothing to render its natural difficulties as formidable as numbers could make it. Our troops mounted the heights, and the Affghans, contrary to their general custom. a a a ti t] n 01 li RBOIUBNT OF FOOT. 97 y in Bt Itn It to rs id 'advanced to meet them, and a desperate struggle 1842 ' ensued : indeed,* their defence was so obstinate, that ' the British bayonet, in many instances, alone * decided the contest. The light company of Her * Majesty's Ninth foot, led by Captain Lushington, * who, I regret to say, was wounded in the head, ' ascending the hills on the left of the Pass under a * heavy cross fire, charged and overthrew their oppo- * nents, leaving several horses and their riders, sup' ' posed to be chiefe, d*?ad on the hill ; the slaughter * was considerable, and the fight continued during the ' greater part of the day, the enemy appearing resolved ' that we should not ascend the Huft Kotul : one ' spirit seemed to pervade all, and a determination to ' conquer overcame the obstinate resistance of the ' enemy, who were at length forced from their numerous ' and strong positions, and our troops mounted the ' Huft Kotul, giving three cheers when they reached ' the summit.' In the operations among the lower hills to the head of the Huft Kotul, on the right flank of the advanced guard of the army. Captain Borton, at the head of a party of the Ninth foot, made a gallant charge upon a strongly posted part of the enemy, and drove them away ; the foe showed a great deal of boldness, however, and made repeated attempts to recover his ground, taking advantage of the necessarily slow advance of the supporting parties, from the steep and difficult nature of the hills.* The Ninth foot, in the actions in the Tezem valley and on the Huji Kotul, on the I2th and 13th September, 1842, had two Serjeants, one drummer, and eight rank Major Skinner's (Slst Kcgt.) Report. H 98 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1842 and file killed : one officer (Captain Lushington), severely wounded ; and one serjeant, and twenty-five rank and file wounded. Major*General Pollock acknowledged the assistance he received from Major- General McCaskill, who com- manded the main column, and from Lieut.-Colonel Taylor, commanding the Ninth foot. Major-General McCaskill reported the valuable services he received from his aide-de-camp. Lieu- tenant Bethune, of the Ninth foot, in the affair at the Huft Kotul. In these actions the enemy suffered severely, having several hundred killed, besides losing their gunS and three standards. The enemy being completely dispersed, the army pursued the march, and encamped at Khoord Cabool, without encountering further opposition. The regi- ment arrived at Cabool on the 15th September, and encamped on the race-course. On the following morning the British colours were hoisted in the Bala Hissar, on the spot most conspicuous from the city ; the band of the Ninth foot playing the National Anthem, * God save the Queen,* and a royal salute being fired from the guns of the horse artillery, the whole of the troops present giving three cheers. The colours were left in the Bala Hissar to be hoisted daily as long as the troops should continue there, Lieut.-Colonel Taylor being ordered to remain in charge of the infantry, until relieved by a native regiment from the force under Major-General Nott. One of the gratifying results of these victories was the release of several ladies, and of certain officers who had been detained in captivity by the Affghans, from the commencement of the outbreak towards the end of ■"> REGIMENT OF FOOT. 99 1 f the year 1841. The Ninth foot had not, however, com- 1842 pleted its mission, for the enemy having collected in the vicinity of Charekar, Major- General McCaskill was directed to proceed with a force to disperse them, and on the 26th of September the regiment marched to Kohistan. Two days afterwards the troops pitched their tents within four miles of Istdlif. This town, consisting of masses of houses and forts, is built on the slope of a mountain, in the rear of which arc yet loftier eminences shutting into a defile which leads to Toorkistan, and in no way can this place of abode of fifteen thousand people be approached but by sur- mounting ranges of hills separated by deep ravines, or traversing, by narrow roads, its gardens, vineyards, and orchards, fenced in with strong walls ; the whole of them, with the mountain side and tops of the houses, were occupied by Jezailchies, and the strongest proof is afforded that the enemy, after this disposition, con- sidered the place unassailable, by their having retained within the town the wives and children, not only of the inhabitants, but of thousands of refugees from Cabool.* On the morning of the 29th September, 1842, soon after daylight, the troops proceeded to the assault of Istalif, and after traversing the plain in perfect order, passed nearly fi'om the left to the right of the enemy's position; the attacks of the Jezailchies from the gardens, who were numerous and most audacious, were repressed by the light troops and guns ; and on the column arriving in front of the village of Ismillah, a coml'ned attack was made on this point, Brigadier Tulloch's brigade assailing its left, and Brigadier Major-General McCaskill's despatch. " ■ u2 100 TUK MNTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1842 Stacy the right. Her Majesty's Ninth foot, vying in steady courage with the twenty-sixth native infantry and the sappers under Captain Broadfoot, rushed upon the gardens, which were filled with bold and skilful marksmen, and their rapid aud unhesitating advance in a short time left the enemy but one resource, that of flight. Shortly after this assault, the three light companies of Her Majesty's forty first, the forty -second and forty-third native infantry, covering their own columuj got into action, and, on their side, stormed the village and vineyard with distinguished gallantry, and the combination being persevered in, the enclosures, forts, heights, suburbs, and town were successively captured, the enemy being driven from them and pursued with a rapidity that left no time to rally ; a singular spectacle then presented itself, in the escape up the mountain-side of the women and children from the place, to which no interception was offered. As parties of Affghans still occupied some lofty heights, the mountain- train ascended them by a dizzy pathway, and by its effective fire dispersed the fugitives. In the capture of Istalif, deemed impregnable by the Affghans, property of every description, much of it plundered from the British in 1841, fell into the possession of the Anglo-Indian force ; two guns, brass field-pieces, were also taken, and one of them was seized with such promptitude, that its captor. Lieu- tenant Elmhirst, of Her Majesty's Ninth foot, turned its fire upon the fugitives with some effect. The loss of the assailants was not great, the advance of ofiicers and men being too rapid and decisive to allow the sharp fire of the enemy telling much upon them, particularly as the Affghans, deceived by the direction of the leconnaisance made by Major-General McCaskill / REGIMENT OP FOOT. 101 on the 28tli, had expected the attack on their left, 1342 where they had* consequently posted their guns and the ^lite of their force. J Brigadier TuUoch reported in ve)ry strong terms to Major- General McCaskill the good conduct on the above occasion, of his Brigade-Major, Captain Smith, of the Ninth foot. The NrNTH regiment had but one rank and file killed^ and one officer (Lieutenant Lister), one scrjeant, and thirteen rank and file wounded. In testimony of the services of the Ninth foot during the campaign in Affghanistan, Her Majesty was graciously pleased to authorise the regiment to bear the word "Cabool 1842" on its colci^rs and r ^ pointments. The regiment returned to Cabool on the 7th October, and arrived on t'.e 18th December, 1842, at Feroze- pore. The regiment marched from Ferozepore on the 14th 1843 January, 1843, en route to Mobarickpore, at which place it arrived on the 31st January, and was encamped there until the 12th April following, when it proceeded to Subathoo. The Ninth regiment marched from Subathoo to 1844 Kussowlie on the 8th March, 1844, where it continued until November, 1845, when it proceeded to Umballa, arriving at that station on the 28th of the same month. The amicable relations, which had for some years 1845 been maintained with the government of the Punjaub, were at this juncture disturbed; the Sikh army, which had been formed by Runjeet Singh, and trained by French and Italian refugees in his service according to European tactics, had, since the decease of that politic ruler in 1839, become the dominant »l ^1 > I j I < I 102 THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1845 power, and finally coerced, or induced the Lahore authorities to commence hostilities. Accordingly the Sikh army, having crossed the Sutlej on the 11th December, 1845,mvested Ferozepore on one side, and took up an entrenched position at the village of Feroze- shah, situate about ten miles in advance of Ferozeporo, and nearly the same distance from Moodkee, — the enemy placing in this camp one hundred and eight pieces of cannon with a force exceeding fifty thousand men. So unexpected and unprovoked an aggression, in a time of profound peace, rendered a series of difficult combinations for the protection of the frontier in- dispensable ; and accordingly the Ninth foot, and other regiments, were hastily assembled under the personal command of the Commander-in-Chief in India, General Sir Hngh Gough, in order to repel the Sikh invasion. The caemy remained inactive in the vicinity of Fero- zepore for some days, contenting themselves with stopping the diks, and plundering the country, until the 17th December, when they marched to intercept the approach of the Army of the Sutlej, which was advancing to the relief of Ferozepore from Umballa. On the 11th December, the Ninth Regiment left Umballa, and after a harassing march of one hundred and fifty miles, along roads of heavy sand, arrived at Moodkee on the afternoon of the 18th, having endured every kind of privation, the incessant labour required of the troops leaving them scarcely an hour's uninter- rupted repose before they were called upon for renewed exertions. About three o'clock p. m. the army, suffer- ing severely from the want of water, and in a state of great exhaustion, received intelligence of the advance of the Sikhs on Moodkee, and the troops had scarcely time to get under arms, and to move to their positions^ RBOIMBNT OF FOOT. 103 ? before the information was confirmed. The horse ar- 16I5 tillery and cavalry were immediately pushed forward^ the infantry and field batteries moving in support. Two miles were scare ;.y passed, when the enemy, con- sisting of about tweniy thousand infantry, and an equal number of cavalry, with forty guns, were discovered in position, which they had either just taken up, or were advancing in order of battle. The country at this spot is a dead flat, dotted with sandy hillocks, and covered at short intervals with a low thick jungle, which formed an excellent screen for the infantry and guns of the enemy, from which they opened a severe cannonade upon the advancing troops, which was vi- gorously replied to by the horse artillery under Briga- dier Brooke. After the manoeuvres of the cavalry on the left and right flanks of the Sikhs, the infantry commenced their participation in the fight, and ad- vancing under Major-Generals Sir Henry G. W. Smith, Gilbert, and Sir John McCaskill (of the Ninth), attacked in echellon of lines the enemy's infantry, the wood and approaching darkness of night rendering them almost invisible. The great superiority of num- bers of the enemy necessarily caused their extended line to outflank the British, but the mo^ ments of the cavalry counteracted this advantage. Desperate was the opposition of the enemy, but the roll of fire from the infantry soon convinced the fiikh army of the inutility of resistance ; their > \ole force was driven from position to position with great slaughter, at times rallying, but the use of that never-failing weapon, the bayonet, terminated in their defeat ; night only saved them from further disaster, this st/>at conflict being maintained for an hour and a half of dim starlight, objects however rendered more obscure from the clouds __.. L- ^ ■'!»■ 104 TIIi: NINTH. OR KANT NORFOLK 1845 of dust which arow from the landy plain. Night alone prevented the pursuit of the foe ; the force bivouacked on liio field for some hours ; and returned to their encampment, when it was ascertained that they had no enemy before them. In this manner was t chievod the first of a series of victories over the Sikh troops ; troops that had fought with the British army only throe years previously, in the advance on Cabool in 1842, and had been repeat- edly thanked in general orders for their services, sustaining as they did, at the forcing of the Khyber Pass, a loss equal to that of the Anglo-Indian force ;"* it appears therefore but reasonable to infer, that much of the skill evinced by the enemy in the disposition and arrangement of their army may bo in some degree attributed to the experience they gained by their co- operation in the Aifghan campaign ; proving themselves unquestionably at Moodkee, and in the succeeding conflicts, one of the best-disciplined and most powerful % * In a notification fron the Governor-General, in Council, dated from Benares on the X9th April, 1842, the following passage occurs: — " The Governor-General doemi it to be due to the troops of the " Maha Rajah Shere Singh, to eipresi his entire satisfaction with " their conduct, as reported to him, and to inform the army, that the *' loss sustained by the Silchsin the assault of the Khyber Pass, which <* was forced by them, is understood to have been equal to thatsus- *< tained by the troops of Her Majesty and of the Government of ••India." And in a further notification, dated fh>m Simla on the 30th Sep- tember 1842, the Silihs are referred to in the following terms : — " The Governor-General has derived much satisfaction from the <* report made by M^jor-General Pollock, of the admirable conduct « of the troops of his Highness the Maha R^jah Shere Singh, acting '* in co-operation with the British Army. " The Governor-General mjuices in this now proof of the cord'al •' and good understanding which prevails between the British Gu- " vemment and that of Lahore," ■ ^: REGIMENT OP FOOT. 105 antagonists the British had ever encountered in 1845 India. * The Ninth Foot sustained the loss of its Lieu- tenant-Colonel, Major-General Sir John McCaskill, K.C.B. and K H., an officer to whom his country was indebted for long and valued servicOj who received a ball through his chest, on the advance of his division, (Third Infantry) and immediately expired.* The other casualties were two rank and file killed, one officer (Ensign Hanham), two Serjeants, and forty-seven rank and file wounded. On the 19th December, the army was concentrated at Moodhee, no further operations taking place until the 21st, when it moved by its left on Ferozepore ; and having on the march been reinforced by Major-General Sir John Littler's division of five thousand men from Ferozepore, General Sir Hugh Gough formed his forces in order of battle. It was then resolved to attack the enemy's entrenched camp at Ferozeshah, where they were posted in great force, and had a most formidable artillery ; their camp was a parallelogram, about a mile in length, and half that distance in breadth, the shorter sides looking towards the Sutlej and M ood- kee, and the longer towards Ferozepore and the open country. The plains, as at Moodkee, were covered with low jhow jungle, which added to the difficulty of the advance, which was made in four divisions; the left wing under the direction of the Governor-General (Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Hardinge), who had volunteered his services as second in command. One hundred guns of the enemy, nearly one-half of battering * See memoir of Colonel Sir John McCaskill in Appendix, page 131. ) 106 THE NINTH, OR BAST NORFOLK 1845 calibre, opened a heavy cannonade, which waa checked, but not silenced, by the far less numerous artillery of the assailants. In spite of this storm of shot and shell, the infantry gallantly advanced, and boldly carried these formidable entrenchments, throwing themselves upon the guns, and wresting them from the enemy. These exertions, however, only partially gained the batteries, and the soldiery had to face so dense a fire from the Sikhs from behind their guns, that the most heroic efforts could only carry a portion of the entrench- ment. Night now came on, and the conflict was every- where raging; but darkness did not bring a total cessation of hostilities, for about the middle of the night the Sikhs brought one of their heavy guns to bear upon that part of the field gained, and on which the troops had bivouacked. The gun was soon captured by the eightieth regiment; but the enemy, whenever moonlight revealed the position, still continued to harass the troops by the fire of their artillery. The long night at last wore away, and with daylight of the 22nd December, came retribution. The infantry formed into line, supported on both flanks by horse artillery, whilst a fire was opened from the centre, aided by a flight of rockets. Here a masked battery played with great effect, dismounting the pieces and blowing up the tumbrils of the British, but at this juncture Sir Henry Hardinge placed himself at the head of the left wing, the right being led by Sir Hugh Gough. Unchecked by the opposing fire, the line advanced, and drove the foe rapidly out of the village of Fcroze- shah, and the encampment ; then changing front to the lefl;, continued to sweep the camp, bearing down all opposition. Eventually the Sikhs were dislodged from their whole position. The line now halted, and i i I I t c t a h ai w RBOIMBNT OF FOOT. 107 the two brave Icadora redo along its front, amid the 1845 cheering of the soldien and the waving of the captured standard! of the Khalsa army. The British, masters of the entire field, now assumed a position on the ground they had so nobly won ; but their labours were not ended, for in less than two hours Sirdar TeJ Singh brought up from the vicinity of Fe- rozepore fresh battalions, and a largo field of artillery, supported by thirty thousand Ghorepurras, previously encamped near the river. Driving in the cavalry parties, he made strenuous efforts to regain the posi- tion at Ferozeshah ; this attempt was defeated ; but the Sirdar renewed the contest with fresh troops, and a large artillery, commencing the attack by a combin> ation against the left flank ; and after being frustrated in this attempt, essayed such a demonstration againit the captured village, as compelled the British to change the whole front to the right. Meanwhile an incessant fire was maintained by the enemy without being answered by a single shot, the artillery ammunition being completely expended in these protracted encoun- ters. The almost exhausted cavalry were now directed to threaten both flanks at once, the infantry preparing to advance in support ; this soon caused the discomfited Sikhs to discontinue firing, and to abandon the field, precipitately retreating towards the Sutlcj. Carnage the most awful, reigned in the camp, where large stores of grain, and the materiel of war were abandoned by the enemy. It is not astonishing that the casualties in the Ninth and other corps were considerable. Within thirty hours an entrenched camp had been stormed, a general action fought, and two considerable conflicts sustained with the enemy. Thus in less than four days, sixty ) 108 THE NINTH OR EAST NORFOLK 1845 thousand Sikh soldiers, supported by upwards of one hundred and fifty pieces of cannon, were dislodged from their position, and received a just retribution for their treacherous proceedings, without provocation or declaration of hostilities. . , .. .liieutenant-Colonel Taylor, Captain Dunne, and Captain Field, of the Ninth Regiment, were among the slain ; and one serjeant and sixty-six rank and file were killed. Captain Borton, Lieutenants Taylor, Vigors, Sievwright, Cassidy, and Ensign Forster were wounded, togethefr with Captain Havelock, who was attached to the Cavalry division as Deputy Assistant Quarter-Master- General. Five Serjeants, one drum- mer, and one hundred and ninety-one rank and file were also wounded. Assistant Surgeon R. B. Gahan, who was attached to the 31st Regiment, was wounded at Moodkee, and died on the 29th of December. Majors Davis and Barnwell were promoted to the vacancies caused by the decease of Lieutenant- Colonels McCaskill and Taylor,* and Captains Douglas and Smith succeeded to the majorities. The Sikhs, after these discomfitures, retired in great confusion across the ferries and fords of the Sutlej ; but subsequently took up a position on the right bank of the river, occupying also the formidable tSte-de-pont and entrenchments on the left bank, in front of the main body of the Anglo-Indian army. On the 10th Janu- 1846 ary, 1846, the Ninth Foot marched from Arufkee, on the Sutlej, under tha command of Lieutenant- Colonel Davis, to watch the enemy's position at Sohraon, and on the 1st February, the regiment was ordered to the outpost of Rhodawalla. Preparations * See memoir of Lieutenant -Colonel Taylor, in Appendix, page 132. ■ / REGIMENT OF FOOT. 109 i at as ns ix. were now made for attacking the enemy's entrenched i846 camp at Sobraon,' and on the morning of the 10th February^ after a conflict of flvc hours' duration, the Sikhs were driven into the river with immense loss; all that the foe held of British territory, comprised in the ground occupied by one of his camps, was stormed, and his audacity again signally punished ; his triple line of breastworks, flanked by formidable redoubts, bristling with artillery, and manned by thirty-two regular regiments of infantry, were assaulted, and carried by the British forces, and sixty-seven guns were captured by the victors. The brigade of which Her Majesty's Ninth Foot formed a part, was placed in support of the attacking division, and by its firm and judicious advance, contributed to the success of the assault. The regiment had five rank and file killed, and Lieutenant Robert Daunt, three Serjeants, one drummer, and twenty-four rank and file wounded, seven of whom died of their wounds. The casualties of the enemy were between eight and ten thousand men killed and wounded in action . nd drowned in the passage of the Sutlej, which a sudden rise of seven inches had rendered hardly fordable, and thus pre- sented an additional obstacle to the retreat of the Ehalsa troops. So complete was the discomfiture of the Sikhs at Sobraon, that no further opposition was experienced ; and, on the 13th February, the regiment marched from Rliodawalla towards Lahore^ where it arrived on the 20th, and pitched its tents on the plain of Myan Meer, under the walls of the Sikh capital. Two days after- wards a brigade of troops took formal possession of the Badshahee Musjed and Huzzooree Bagh, forming part of the palace and citadel of Lahore, the occupation I h\ i' i\ 110 ' THE NINTH, OR EAST NORFOLK 1846 being announced by the Right Honorable the Governor General of India in the following expressive terms : — ' I considered the occupation of Lahore, and the ' close of active operations in the fields a proper oppor- ' tunity for marking, by substantial reward, the grati- ' tude of the British government to its faithful and ' brave army, which had fought so gloriously, and so ' successfully ; and I was glad at being able thus to ' bring into prominent contrast, the just reward of ' discipline and obedience, with the certain penalty of ' insubordination and violence, as exemplified in the * fate of the two armies, which had been so long the ' objects of mutual observation ; the one, victorious in * the field, and honoured and bountifully rewarded by * its Government ; the other^ in spite of its exceeding ' numbers an^ advantageous positions, vanquished in < every battle, abandoned by a government it had ' coerced, and with its shattered remains, left, but for ' the intercession of its conquerors, to disperse with no ' provision of any kind, and to seek a precarious sub- ' sistence by rapine and crime.* • The Army of the Sutlej has now brought its opera- ' tions in the field to a close, by the dispersion of the ' Sikh army, and the military occupation of Lahore, ' preceded by a series of the most triumphant successes ' ever recorded in the military history of India. ' The British government, trusting to the faith of ' treaties, and to the long subsisting friendship between ' the two states, had limited military preparations to ' the defence of its own frontier. Compelled suddenly ' to assume the offensive, by the unprovoked invasion ' of its territories, the British Army, under the com- ' mand of its distinguished leader, has, in sixty days, ' defeated the Sikh forces in four general actions ; has i ? ; KEOIMENT OF FOOT. Ill va IS ' captured two hundred and ttventy pieces of (ie\dBxti]XeTji 1846 'and is now at the Capital dictating to the Lahore ' Durbar the terms of a treaty, the conditions of which ' will tend to secure the British Provinces from the ' repetition of a similar outrage.' The Ninth Foot remained at Lahore until the 23rd March, when the army was broken up, and the regiment received a route for Meerut, at which station it arrived on the 15th April, and continued there until the 23rd October, when it commenced its march for Dinapore, one hundred and seventy-five men having previously volunteered to different regiments in India. On its arrival at Allahabad, a second volunteering was directed, the regiment being unt^ar orders to embark for England, when a further number of one hundred and fifty-four men transferred their services to other corps. The Ninth relieved the thirty-ninth regiment at Dinapore on the 30th December, when it received a route to march to Calcutta on being replaced by the ninety-eighth regiment. On the 9th of February, 1847, the Commandcr-in- 184'7 Chief in India issued a General Order, from which the following are extracts : — ' The Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief in * India avails himself of the opportunity, which the ' approaching departure from India of those distin- ' guished regiments the Ninth, thirty-ninth, and sixty- ' second foot affords, of recording the high sense he ' entertains of their respective merits, and the admira- ' tion with which he has witnessed their uniform good ' conduct in quarters, and their gallantry in the field.' < Each Regiment bears on its colours the names of * many hard-fought battles in the Peninsula, and each c regiment will carry home the record of victories achieved - ii ii/i»y. The following regiments of the Queen's regular army formed part of the forces which w<>re engaged in the several actions of the campaign on the banks of the Sutlej in 1845 and 1846, and have received honorary distinctions for those battles : — Aotionsftt which eMh Regiment wu engaged. Total. Regimenti. Moodkee, Feiozeshah, Aliwal, Sobiaon, isth Deo., 81«t and 22nd 28th Jan.,- lOthTeb., 1845. Dee., 1845. 18M. 1848. 3rd Light Dragoon 8 1 • • 3 9th Laneen . • • • • 1 16th Laneen • • 2 0th Foot . . . , 3 10th,, • • • ■ 1 29th,, , , 2 31it,, 4 50th,, 4 53td,, . , 2 62nd,, • • 2 80th,, . • • M Til 114 THK NINTH REOIMBNT OF FOOT. 1841 In the services of regpiments, circumstances have fre- quently occurred which have put the qualities of the officers and soldiers to the severest test, and on occasions of this character, the intrepidity, firmness, and endur- ance of the Ninth regiment of foot, have been con* spicuous. On the heights near Roleia the heroic ardour and prowess of the Ninth were invincible; on the rugged rocks of Busaco, their steady valour was sternly proved, and was triumphant over superior numbers; at the siege and capture of St. Sebastian their gallantry was manifest ; on the heights of Croix des Bouquets their sparkling bayonets were victorious under numerous disadvantages; and in the actions which succeeded the passage of the* JVire, the regiment evinced those qualities which have proved to the world, that English soldiers are not easily defeated. Their heroic qualities have been further evinced during their arduous services in India, particularly in the campaigns oi Affghanistan, and subsequently on the banks of the Sutlej, at the battles of Moodhee, Ferozeshah, and Sobraon, as recorded in the preceding pages. On colonial and home service the conduct of the regiment has been highly meritorious: upwards of one hundred and sixty years of faithful service have established its reputation ; and the testimony of the general officers under whose command it has been placed, from time to time, has procured for this corps the approbation of the Crown, the confidence of the Government, and the esteem of the Nation. 115 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS or THE NINTH, OR THE EAST NORFOLK REGIMENT OF FOOT. Hbnhy Cornwall. Appointed \9th Jutu, 1685. Hknbt Cornwall was many years an officer in the royal regiment of horse guards, in which corps he rose to the rank of captain in the reign of King Charles II., and he was so conspicuous for loyalty and attention to his regimental duties, that, on the breaking out of the rebellion of James Duke of Monmouth, King James II. commissioned him to superintend the raising, forming, and disciplining of a regiment of foot, now the Ninth, or the East Norfolk regiment, of which he was appointed colonel by commission dated the 19th of June, 1685. When the prevalence of Popish councils in the cabinet appeared to menace the kingdom with papacy and absolute monarchy, and William Prince of Orange arrived at the head of a Dutch armament to oppose the King, Colonel Cornwall withdrew from the service ; but he appears to have preserved his loyalty to King James so iar, that he did not engage in the service of King William III. Oliver Nicholas. Appointed 20tk November, 1688. This officer served in the Netherlands and Germany with the British troops in the pay of Louis XIV., and King Charles II. i2 116 SUOOBSBION OV OOLOMVLt. afterwards promoted him to th« lieut-oolonelcy of Prince George of Denmarlc'a regiment, a oorpi wliioh was incorpo- rated in tiie second foot guiirdi in 1680. Lieut.-Colnnel Nicliolas was a Arm supporter of tlie court of King James II., whicli occasioned him to be placed at the head of the Ninth foot in November, 1688 1 but he was removed by the Prince of Orange, in December, for reibsing to talce the prescribed oath to His Highness. He was not afterwards employed in the service. JOBN CUMMINOBAM. Appointed 81«l D«eemb«r, 1688. John Conninoham served in the Soots' Brigade in the pay of Holland, afterwards the ninety-fourth regiment, and King Jamea II. appointed him lieut.-oolonel in Werden's cuiras- siers, a corps which was disbanded In 160O. Lieut.-Colonel Cunningham had served under the Prince of Orange in the Dutch war with France in the time of King Charles II. and was an advocate for the Revolution of 1688. The Prince promoted him to the colonelcy of the Ninth foot, and sent him, in 1689, with Ids regiment, to the relief of Londonderry, then besieged by the forces of King James, and gave him orders to obey the governor, Colonel Lundy. The governor, having resolved to surrender the place to King James, gave Colonel Cunningham false statements respecting the means of defence, and induced a council of war to resolve that the troops sent to the relief of Londonderry should not be landed. The inhabitants revolted against the authority of the governor, and offered the command of the fortress to Colonel Cunning- ham, who refused tu acquiesce, and returned with his regi- ment to England. King William was so displeased with the conduct of Colonels Cunningham, and Richards, of the llth foot, in not investigating the statements made by the governor more closely, and not taking upon themselves the responsi- bility of defending the town when the governor wished to surrender it, that he deprived them of their commissions. \ SUCCESfllON OF COLONELS. 117 •William Stewart. Appointed Itt May^ 1689. William Stewart, descended from the noble families of the Earls of Galloway and Caithness in Scotland, which have long been extinct. He was remarlcable for a tall graceful person, and a good understanding improved by education ; he was valiant in the field, — a zealous and able officer,— and punctual in the observance of Christian duties. He served some time in the royal regiment of foot, and the Prince of Orange promoted him to the lieut.-colonelcy of the sixteenth foot, and aflerwards gave him the colonelcy of the Ninth regiment. He served under Mtyor-General Kirke in the expedition for the relief of Londonderry, and evinced great activity, bravery, and ability, on that occasion. He acquired the reputation of an excellent officer, while serving at the head of a brigade during the campaigns of 1689, 1690, and 1691, iu Ireland. He was wounded at the attack of Limerick in 1690, and was second in command at the assault of Athlone on the 20th of June, 1691, when he was again wounded. King William III. promoted him to the rank of major-general, in 1693, and in 1703 Queen Anne advanced him to the rank of lieut.-general. He was aflerwards ap- pointed commander-in-chief in Ireland, and a member of the privy council in that country; and in 1711 he was promoted to the rank of general. Soon after the accession of King George I., General Stewart was suspected of entertaining sentiments favourable to the interests of the Pretender, and he was removed from his regiment. Qe died on the 4th of June 1726. James Camfbell. Appointed 2*1 th July^ 1715. James Campbell served in the army in the reign of King William III., and in February, 1702, he vi^as appointed captain in the Scots Greys. He accompanied his regiment to Holland, in 1702, and served under the celebrated John, Duke of Marlborough; the Greys were engaged at the battles of Schellenberg and Blenheim in 1704 ; at the forcing 118 SUOOB88ION OP 0OLOMBL8. of the French lines in 1705 ; and highly distinguished them- selves at Bamilies in 1706 : they also served at the battle of Oudenarde in 1708, and at Malplaquet in 1709. The conduct of James Campbell on these, and other occasions, procured him the favour of the Duke of Marlborough and the appro- bation of his sovereign, who promoted him to the lieut.- colonelcy of his regiment, and gave him the rank of colonel in the army in 1711. King George I. conferred the colo- nelcy of the Ninth foot on Colonel Campbell, in 1715, and gave him the command of the Scots Greys in 17 17. He was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1739, and to that of lieut.-general in 1742. He was placed on the staff of the army which proceeded to Flanders in 1742; in 1743 he served in Germany, and highly distinguished himself at the head of the British cavalry at the battle of Dettingen ; he was rewarded with the dignity of a Knight of the Bath. He continuied to serve on the continent, and was killed at the battle of Fontenoy in 1745. Thk Honobable Charles Cathoart. Appointed 15th February, 1717. The Honorable Charles Cathcart, son of Alan, seventh Lord Cathcart, entered the army in the eighteenth year of his age, and in 1704 he commanded a company in Colonel Macartney's regiment (since disbanded), serving on the fron- tiers of Holland. In 1706 he commanded a troop in the Scots Greys, which corps distinguished itself at the battle of Ramilies in the same year ; in 1707 he was brigade major to the Earl of Stair. Continuing in active service with the army under the Duk? of Marlborough, he acquired the re- putation of a brave and zealous officer. In 1 709 he was ap. pointed major of the Scots Greys, and was soon afterwards promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the regiment. On the accession of King George I., he was appointed one of the grooms of His Majesty's bedchamber. In the autumn of 1715 he joined the forces under the Duke of Argyle at Stir- ling, and served against the rebels under the Earl of Mar. On the 23rd of October he was detached against a hijndred SV0CB8BIOM OF COLOWBLS. 119 rebel hone and two hundred foot, whom he attacked with his dragoona, killed many, and took seventeen prisoners. At the battle of Sheriff-muir on the 13th of November, in the same year, he charged the insurgents at the head of the Scots Greys, and contributed materially to the overthrow of the left wing of the rebel army. His Miyesty rewarded him with the colonelcy of the Ninth foot, in 1717 ; but he only retained this appointment eleven months. In 1728 he ob- tained the command of the thirty-first regiment, and was re- moved, in 1731, to the eighth dragoons. In 1732 he suc- ceeded to the title of Lobd Catbcart ; he was apptlnted lord of the bedchamber to King Georrre II. in the folloxving year, and was promoted to the coloneluy of the seventh horse, now sixth dragoon guards. In 1739 he was advanced to the rank of nuyor-general. His Lordship vm» chosen one of the representatives of the Scottish peerage in bcveral purliamen' > ; and was governor of Duncannon fort, and of LondonHnir y. An attack on the Spanish possessions in America having been resolved upon, in the year 1739, Lord Cathcart ...f. selected to command the expedition; at the same timi he was ap- pointed commander-in-chief m America ; but he died on his passage in December, 1740, and was buried on the beach of Prince Rupert's bay, Dominica, where a monument was erected to his memory. James Otway. Appointed 7 th January, 1718. James Otw ay obtained a commiss*. : in the third horse, now second dragoon guards, with which c\vrps he served in Por- tugal and Spain during the war of the Spanish succession, and hia excellent conduct on various occasions was rewarded with the lieut.-colonelcy of the regiment. The third horse sig- nalized themselves at th<; battles of Almanza in 1707; at Almanara and Saragossa in 1710, but were made priuoners at Brihuega in the mountains of Castile ; Lieut.-Colonel Otway's name occurs in the list of officers made prisoners on that oc- casion. He commanded the third horse in the attack on the 120 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. rebels at Preston, in November, 1715 ; and in 1718 he was rewarded with the colonelcy of the Ninth foot. He Hed third foot, then first raised. In 1758 he was promoted to the rank of major- general, and removed to the Ninth foot, and in 1760 he obkvined the rank of lieut. -general. He was member of Parliament for Portsmouth. His decease occurred in 1771. Edward Viscount Ligonier. Appointed 8th Augtist, 1^*11. Edward Ligonier, son of Colonel Francis Ligonier who died from the exertions he made at the battle of Falkirk when suffering from indisposition, rose to the rank of captain and lieut. -colonel in tbo first foot guards, in 1759 ; in 1763 he was appointed aide-de-camp to the King, with the rank of colonel, and on the death of his uncle, the veteran Field Marshal Earl Ligonier, in 1770, he succeeded to the Irish title of Viscount Ligonier of Clonmel ; the English title of his uncle becoming extinct. In 1771 he was appointed colonel of the Ninth foot, and he was afterwards advanced to the dignity of Earl Ligonier. He was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1775, and to that of lieut.-general iu 1777. He died in 1782, when his titles became extinct. 124 SUCCESSION OF COLOMBL8. Thomas Lobd Sat and Sble. Appointed 19th June^ 1782. Thomas Twisleton was appointed ensign in the third foot guards, in 1754, and rose to the rank of Captain and lieut.-colonel in 1767. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1777 and to that of major-general in 1780. He claimed, by pf^^^ tic to His Majesty, the dormant barony of Lord Say A^.^ Sele, which was confirmed to him in 1781. In 1782, he was promoted from major in the third foot guards, to colonel of the Ninth foot. He died in 1788. The Honoubable Alexander Leslie. Appointed 4th Jtdi/, 1 788. The Honobable Alexandeb Leslie, son of the Earl of Leven and Melville, was appointed ensign in the third foot guards in 1753, captain in the 64th regiment in 1756, and n>ajor in the same corps in 1759. He served with the sixty- fourth in America, and was promoted to the lieutenant-colo- nelcy in 1766 ; in 1775 he was appointed aide-de-camp to the King, with the rank of colonel in the army. When the American war commenced, Colonel the Honorable Alex- ander Leslie was actively employed, and evinced ability and valour on numerous occasions. In 17*79, he was promoted to the rank of major-general. In October, 1780, he sailed from New York, with three thousand men, for the Chesapeak ; — landed at Virginia, and destroyed stores belonging to the rebels at several places. In November, he re-embarked and sailed to Charlestown, where he found orders to join Earl Cornwallis on the frontiers of North Carolina. He marched from Charlestown, with fifteen hundred men, on the 19th of December, and joined Earl Cornwallis on the ISth of Jan- uary 1781. He was second in command at the battle of Guildford, and his conduct was commended in the public despatch of Earl Cornwallis. He afterwards commanded a body of troops in South Carolina ; and on the 2nd of Jan- uary, 1782, he was rewarded with the colonelcy of the sixty- third regiment ; in 1787) he was promoted to the rank of lieutj^ ii SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 125 general, and was appointed colonel of the Ninth foot in the following year. He was second in command in North Bri- tain several years. In the winter of 1794, he was employed in suppressing riots at Glasgow, where he caught a severe illness, of which he died at his seat of Beechwood, near Edin- burgh, on the 27th of December. He has been commended for an amiable disposition, in which benevolence, valour, and modesty were happily blended. Albemarle Bertie. AppoitUed 3l8t December, 1794. This officer served upwards of thirty years in the first regi- ment of foot guards, commencing as ensign on the 1st of March, 1762, and attaining to the commission of second major on the 8th of August, 1792. On the 12th of October, 1793, he was promoted to the rank of major-general ; in 1794, he was appointed colonel of the Ninth foot; in 1798, he was promoted to the rank of lieut. -general, and in 1803 to that of general ; in 1804, he was removed to the seventy-seventh regi- ment. He died in 1808. Peter Hunter. Appointed Ibth June, 1804. Peter Hunter obtained n commission of ensign in the first, the royal regiment of foo^ in 1767; he was promoted lieu- tenant in 1768, and had the command of a company in 1776. He served with the royals in Great Britain, and at the island of Minorca, and in 1779, he was appointed major in the nine- ty-second regiment, afterwards disbanded. In 1781, he was removed to the sixtieth regiment, in which corps he was ap- pointed lieut.-colonel in 1787, and in 1792, he was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army ; in 1793, he was appointed colonel-commandant in the sixtieth regiment. When the war of the French revolution broke out, in 1793, he was em- ployed on the continent, where he had the local rank of brigadier-general in 1794 ; in the following year he was 126 SI/0CB88ION OF OOLCmBLS. promoted to the rouk of uuyor-general, and in 1802 to that of lieut-generol ; and in 1804 King Qeorge III. rewarded him with the colonelcy of the Ninth foot. He was lieut.-govemor of Upper Canada, and commander-in-chief in both the Canadac, and died at Quebec in 1805. SiK. RoBEHT Bbownbioo, Bart., G.C.B. App')inted Srd October^ 1805. BoBERT Bbownbioo, son of Sir Heury Brownrigg of Rockingham, was appointed ensign in the fourteenth foot in 1775, and joined the regiment in North America in 1776, b it returned to England soon aflerwardu. In 1778 I10 was pro- moted to a lieutenancy, and was appointed adjutant of i'C fourteenth foot in the same year. In 1780, he embarked on board the Ohannel-fleet where his regiment was appointed to ser '0 as ma'-lnes ; in i 782, he proceeded with the fourteenth to Jamiiiea,, where he remained until the beginning of 1784, when he relumed to England. In Mareh, of that year, he w?is appointed captain in the 100th foot, from which he ex- changed to the thirty-fifth, and afterwards to the fifty-second. He was promoted to the rank of major in 1790, and appointed deputy quarter-master general to an expedition fitting out against the Spaniards in South America, but which did not p!-oceed to its destination. Towards the end of 1790, he was appointed commandant and paymaster to a number of detach- ments, of regiments on foreign service, at Chatham barracks, which he held until 1793, when he was appointed deputy quarter-master general to the army, serving in Flanders. In the same year he was appointed lieut.-colonel of the 88th regiment. He served at all the actions in which the British army under his Royal Highness the Duke of York took part in 1794, and also in the retreat through Holland to Germany. When tlie Duke of York was appointed to the duties of com- mander-in-chief, Lieutenant-Colonel Brownrigg was nomina- ted to the appointment of military secretary to His Royal Highness, and on the 21st of June, 1795, he exchanged to captain and lieutenant-colonel in the second foot guards. In 1796 he was promoted to the rank of colonel ; in 1799, he accompanied tlie Duke of York in the expedition to Holland, \ SVOOESSION OF COLOMBLS. 127 and continued aa secretary to His Royal Highness until 1803, when he was appointed quarter-master general to the forces. In 1799, he was appointed colonel commandant of the sixth battalion of the sixtieth regiment ; in 1802, he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and in 1805, he was rewarded with the colonelcy of the Ninth foot. He was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general in 1808; he accompanied the ex- pedition to Holland in 1809 ; was at the siege of Flushing, and in the subsequent operations, and wrote a journal of the proceedings of the army which was laid before parliament. In 1813 Lieut-Genciul Brownrigg was appointed governor and commander-in-chief in the island of Ceylon, and was after- wards honored with the dignity of knight grand cross of the order of the Bath. In 1815 he invaded the state of Kandy, situate in the interior of Ceylon, which was conquered and annexed to the British crown ; and in 1816 he was rewarded with the dignity of Baronet. In 1819 he was promoted to the rank of general. An honorable augmentation was made to his arms, in 1822, consisting of the crown, sceptre, and banner of Kandy, on an embattled chief; and for a crest, a demi-Kandian holding a sword and the crown. He remained governor of Ceylon until 1820, when he returned to England. He died in 1833. Sib John Camebon, K.C.B. Appointed 31«< ilfay, 1833. John Camebon was second son of Culchenna, and nephew of Cameron of Caltort, Inverness-shire, whose ancestor was a younger son of Lochiel, chief of the clan. He was born in 1773, and married in 1803, Miss Brock, eldest daughter of Mr. Henry Brock, of Belmont, Guernsey, and niece of the first Lord de Saumarez. Sir John entered the army in Septem- ber, 1787, as ensign in the 43rd regiment, in which regiment he attained the rank of major in October, 1800. In 1794, he served under Sir Charles Grey in the West Indies, and was present at the reduction of Martinique (including the siege of Fort Bourbou and other minor engagements) at St. Lucia, and Guadaloupe, and particularly displayed his gallantry at the defence of the latter in the ?ame year, and at the sortie 128 SVCOBSfllOK OF OOLONSLS. ftonif and at the assault made by the enemy on the fortresff of Fleur d'Epee. He was at the action of the 30th of Sep- tember at Berville camp, under Brigadier-General Graham ; and in the action of the 7th October he was severely wounded, and was taken by the enemy. He remained a prisoner of war during a period of two years, and then came to England, but his military duties at home were of short duration, for in six months he was again ordered with his regiment to the West Indies, where he was on for ign service for nearly four years. He was promoted to a lieut.-colonelcy in the 7th West India regiment on the 28th May, 1807, and was removed to the Ninth foot on the 5th of September of that year. On his return to his native country, he was ordered with his regiment, the Ninth foot, to the seat of war in Portugal, Sir John at that time holding the rank of Lieut.-ColoneI in that gallant corps. His services in the Peninsula were acknowledged by several honorary distinctions. At the battle of Vimiera he commanded the second battalion of the Ninth foot. He was at the battle of Corunna under Lieut.- General Sir John Moore, and by the intrepid bravery he displayed at that san- guinary conflict, the deceased gained the approbation of his superior in command. In July, 1809, he embarked on the expedition to the Scheldt, in the command of the first battalion of the Ninth regiment, and returned in September follow- ing to England. In March, 1810, he proceeded with the Ninth regiment to increase the force of the army in Portugal, then commanded by Viscount Wellington, and he con- tinued in active service under that great commander until the termination of the war in 1814. He particul;>rly dis- tinguished himself at Busaco, where he luul a horse shot imder him ; also at Salamanca and Vittoria. In July, 1813, previous to the assault and capture of San Sebastian, he carried, with the Ninth foot, the fortified convent of San Bartholomew, in front of San Sebastian, thus gaining a posi- tion which contributed greatly to the advantage of the allied army. He subsequently took an active share in the battles of the Nive of the 9th, 10th, and 11th of December, and in those encounters he had another horse shot. During those services he was twice wounded, and twice severely contused. In acknowledgment for his eminent services in the Peninsula, W SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 129 \\ he received the decoration of a cross and three clasps. Sir Jolin Cameron embarked for Canada in June, 1814, from Pouillac in France, in command uf the Ninth regiment, which was recalled from North America in the following year, in consequence of the warlike aspect Europe had assumed, and of the return of Napoleon to France. The regiment reached Ostend in August, 1815, and immediately proceeded to join the allied army which then occupied Paris. On the 4th June, 1814. he was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army, and to that of major-general on the 19th July, 1821 , when he relinquished the command of the Ninth regiment. On the 25th September, 1823, he was appointed to the com- mand of the western district, and to be lieutenant-governor of Plymouth, which appointments he held until the 30th Sep- tember, 1834. In consideration of his eminent services. Sir John Cameron was created a knight commander of the military order of the Bath on the 2nd January, 1815. The Portuguese government conferred on him the order of the Tower and Sword, for the able services he rendered to that nation in the course of the French war in that country. Sir John Cameron was appointed to the colonelcy of the 93rd regiment on the 23rd July, 1832 ; and on the 31st May, 1833, he was removed to the Ninth foot, which regiment he had commanded as lieutenant-colonel upwards of thirteen years : he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general on the 10th of January, 1837. His decease took place at Guernsey on the 23rd November, 1844, after a period of service of nearly sixty years. SiK Thomas Akbuthnot, K.C.B. Appointed 1th December, 1 844 ; removed to the list Highland Light Infantry Regiment on the \%th February, 1848. Sm James AncuiBAiiU Hope, K.C.B. Appointed 18/A February, 1848. APPENDIX TO TIIK HISTORICAL RECORD OP THR NINTH REGIMENT OF FOOT Memoir op Colonel Sir John McCaskill, K.C.B. Colonel Sib John McCaskill entered the array in March, 1797« as an ensign in the 53rd regiment, and was present at the lauding at Porto Rico, and siege of St. Juan, in May, 1797. He was on passage to India when the fleet under convoy of Sir T. Trowbridge was attacked by the French Admiral Linois, in the Marengo, a heavy frigate, and another ship, in August, 1805. During his service in India, he was present at the sieges and captures of Forts Sattarah, Singhur, Woossotah, and several others. He was also present at the reduction of the strong fortress of Sholapore, and the attack and dispersion of five thousand of the Feshwa's choicest troops, strongly posted >vith their guns, fifteen of which were cap- tured under the walls of the fort, on the 11th May, 1818. He rose to the rank of major in the 53rd regiment, in March, 1824; he was promoted, by purchase, to be lieutenant-colonel unattached, in February, 1825, and subsequently served in the 86th, 89th, and 98th regiments : he exchanged from the 98th to the 9th foot on the 19th June, 1835. He was promoted to the rank of colonel on the 28th June, 1838 ; and on the 14th March, 1842, to the local rank of major-general. On the 27th December 1842, he was nominated a knight commander of the order of the Bath. He was killed at the battle of Moodkee on the 18th December, 1845. 132 APPENDIX. MiMuiR or LiBUT.-CuLONEL A. BiRKsroRD Taylor, K.H. AND C.B. LiEUT.-CoLONEL A. Bbresvord Taylor, K.H., C.B., entered the army on the 14th of February, 1811,; lie served in the American war at the battles of Ghrystler's Farm, and Niagara, where he was severely wounded ; at the siege of Fort Erie, September, 1814 ; he was present at the capture of Forts Loghur, Koarree, and Ryghur, in the East Indies, in 1818; also at the assault and capture of Roree in 1819 ; he served the campaigns in Ava, including the action at Dalla (where he was again severely wounded) ; and was at the attacic on Fan- lang, Yangavehong, and Donebew. Lieut.-Golonel Taylor has been frequently mentioned with distinction in the de* spatches of the general officers under whom he served ; especially for the storming of the Khyber Pass under Sir George Polloclc, in the Cabool war of 1842, and for which he was created a Companion of the order of the Bath. Lieut.- Colonel Taylor was appointed to act as brigadier on the 18th of December, 1845, after the action of Moodlcee, in which he commanded the Ninth regiment, and on the 22nd of the same month, he fell, covered with wounds, whilst leading his brigade to the storming of the enemy's guns at Ferozeshah. Lieut.-Colonel Taylor was the second son of Mr. James Taylor, of Cranbrooke, County of Fermanagh, Ireland ; he married the daughter of Lieut.Colonel Lister, H.E.I.C.S., and was killed in the 53rd year of his age, esteemed and beloved in his private capacity, and well known in his pro- fession as an accomplished and gallant soldier. Vino APPRNDIX. 133 The following list of the principal Battles, Sieges, and Actions, which toolc place in the Peninsular War from 1808 to 1814, was prepared by the special command of His late Miyesty King William the Fourth :— [N.B. Hoaortrjr dliUnettant war* graalad for lli« uImImd mIUjm marktd ihw *.] A4/utaia-ClM«raf» Office, Uoru Ouanh, 7th Nov^ 1835. ' 1808. Lourinha «......,.. 15th Augiut. * Roleia 17th ditto. * Vimiera Slit ditto. * Sahagun, Benevente, &c. (Cavalry actions) . aoth and a9th December •1809. * Comnna I6th January. Passage of the Vonga 10th May. Grijon, Heights of 11th ditto. Passage of the Doorol and > lath ditto. Capture of Oporto ' Salamonde .... ..... 16th ditto. * Talavera 37th and 28th July. 1810. Barba del Pnerco 19th March. Ciudad Rodrigo surrendered to Marshal Ney 10th July. Almeida surrendered 24th ditto. Affair on the Coa 24th ditto. Taking up the Lines at Busaco '. . . . 25th and 26th Sept. * Busaco 27th ditto. Coimbra, Capture of .8th October. 1811. * Barrosa 5th March. Pombal, Redinha, Casal Nova, and Fos) 11th, lath, 14th, and d'Arrouce ) 15th ditto. Campo Mayor 25th ditto. Guanda 29th ditto. Sabugal 3rd April. Olivenfa 15th ditto. Fuentes d'Onor 3rd and 5th May. Badajoz, Siege of (raised ISth May). . . 8th to 15th ditto. Barbb del Puerco 11th ditto. * Albuhera I6th ditto. Usagre (Cavalry Action) 25th ditto. 134 APPENDIX. 1811. Badi^o*' Second Siege (raised 11th June) . 30th May to llth Jane. Affiur near Campo Mayor 22nd June. ElBodon 25th September. Aldea de Ponte 27th ditto. Arroyo dos Molinos 28th October. Tariih 3lBt December. 1812. CiadadRodrigo, Siege of (taken l9thJanaary) 8th to 19th January Badiyoz, Third Siege of (taken 6th April) . 1 7th March to 6thApril . Almaraz 19th May. Llerena llth Jane. Yinares, Heights of • 22nd ditto. Forts of Salamanca (taken 27th June) . . 18th to 27th ditto Castrejon . I8th July. Salamanca 22n iitto. La Sema 23rd ditto. Bibera 24th ditto. Majalahonda (Cavalry Action) ■> . . , llth August. Occupation of Madrid 12th ditto. ~- Fort Retiro, Madrid, capitulated . . . 14th ditto. Seville, Capture of . . .... 27th ditto. Burgos, Fort St. Michael, near . ... 19th September. Siege of (raised 20th October) . . 20th Sept. to 20th Oct. Actions on the Eetreat from Burgos . . . jogth and* 29th J^** Paente larga, on the Xarama .... 30th October. Alba de Tonnes 10th and llth Nov. -,y-. 1813. Castalla 13th April. Salamanca 26th May. Morales (Cavalry Action) 2nd June. Tarragona, Siege raised by Sir John Murray 13th ditto. ^ . / Honuaza 12th ditto. ""/"^jOsma 18th ditto. •^""iBayas 19th ditto. Vittoria 21st ditto. Villa Franca and Tolosa 24th and 25th ditto. Bastan, Valley of 4th, 5th, and 7th July. St. Bartholomew, near St. Sebastia^i . . 17th ditto. Pass of Maya 25th ditto. Boncevalles 25th ditto. St. Sebastian, Assault of (failed). . . . 25th July. Attack on General Picton's Division . . 27th ditto. I?-. APPENDIX. 1813. " Pyrenees * St. Sebastian, Assault and Captnre . Sti Marcial, Heights of . . . . Ordal, Pass of Bidassoa, Passage of . . . • • fordng Enemy's Lines • . ♦ Nivelle * Nive 1814. Hellette Garris, near St. Palus, Heights of . Arrivarette ditto . . Passageof the Adonr • . . . . "■ Orthes VioBigorre . . . . Tarbes St Gandens .... Cavalry Afifoir near Toulonse . . * Toulouse Sortie fh)m Bayonne Affiursat 135 28th July to and Aug. 31st August Slst ditto. 12th and 13th Sept 7th October. 9tii ditto. loth November. 9th to IStii December. 14th February. 15th ditto. 17th ditto. 23rd and 24di 'itto. 27th ditto. 2nd March. 18th ditto. 20Ui ditto. 22nd ditto. 8th April. 10th ditto. 14tii ditto. n I^ndou: Printed by W. Ci.owxs aud Sons, Stamford Street, For Her Majesty'i Slaiionery Office. !. ; '•i