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Canada, VI. — On the Gorrelation of smly Gretaceotis Floras in Canada and the United States, and on some new jylants of this j^eriod. By Sir J. William Dawson, LL.D., F.R.S., etc. (Read June 2, 1892.) The pnri)ose of this papor is to illustrate the present statf of our kuovv^ledge respect- ing the Uora of Canada in the early Cretaceous, and to notice some new plants from An- thracite, collected by Mr. H. M. Ami, F.G.S., and from Canmore, collected by Ur. Hayden. It is in continuation of my paper on the Mesozoic Floras of the liocky Mountain Region of Canada in the Transactions of this Society for 1885 ; but is still to be regarded as merely introductory to the study of an interesting stage of the Cretaceous Flora, first recognized in North America in the Rocky Mountain Region of Canada, and which it is certain will yield many additional treasures in the progress of exploration and mining in the district in question. I. — Summary of Gteological Facts. Rocks of Lower Cretaceous age were first described in Canada by the late Mr. James Richardson in the Report of the G-eological Survey for 1872-73. In appendices to that report, notes on the plants are given by the author, anr* on the marine animal remains by the late Mr. Billings. With respect to the former the most remarkable specimens were fruits and fragments of leaves of a fine species oi' Diaoiiites. which I described and figtired as Ci/cadeocar/ms (Diooniles) Columbidniis. ' and coniferous woods referred to the genera Cupressoxylon and Taxoxylon. These fossils, though few, indicated in my judgment an age somewhat greater tlian that of the Nanaimo coal formation of Vancouver Island and probably Lower Cretaccoias or even Jurassic. A similar conclusion was arrived at by Mr. Billings from the associated animal fossils, on some of which he had also the opinion of the late Mr. Meek. Both these palaiontologists (iompared them with the Shasta group of the California geologists. The animal fossils collected by Richardson were subsequently more fully described and figured by Mr. Whiteaves. ■ In 18(8, Dr. G. M. Dawson made a more thorough exploration of the Queen Charlotte Islands. ' In this he divided the Cretaceous rocks into groups, and ascertained that the lowest rest unconformai)ly on the Triassic. He also collected many additioiuil fossils, which were described and figured by Mr. Whiteaves. ' In this paper Mr. Whiteaves ' Rcpoit citotl, I'uife (11) ami I'liite. ' Mesozoii! I'cssila of ranada, Vol. 1., I'art I. ' Kept. VxwA. Siirvoy of Ciiiiadn, IHTS-TI". ' .Musozoii; Foish'iIb, Vol. I., I'liil HI. 80 SIR J. WILLIAM DAWSON ON TIIR states his belief that, rhile related to the Shasta fossils, those of the Queen Charlotte Islauds may be as high in the series as the Gault of Europe. At a little later date, rocks approximately of this age were found by Dr. (r. M. Daw- son in the inland part of British Columbia at Tatlayoco Lake and elsewhere. The fossils obtained from these rocks were noticed by Mr. Whiteaves in 1882 in the Transac- tions of this Society. ' By these researches, extending from 1872 to 1884, the existence both in the Queen Char- lotte Islands and in the interior of British Columbia of beds of Lower Cretaceous age was established, and their correlatijn with the Shasta beds of California and the Lower Cretaceous of Europe defined ; but their flora had as yet appeared only in connection with the coal-bearing rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands. A new and unexpected light, and one prt^uant as we shall see with important geological results, was thrown on this sub- ject by the discovery of plant-bearing beds in the Cretaceous rocks folded into the plica- tions of that part of the Rocky Mountains included between the 49th parallel and the Bow River. In the summer of 1884 collections of fossil plants were placed in my hands by Dr. G. M. Dawson, from beds which he believed to be stratigraphically in the lower part of the Cretaceous of the Rocky Mountains, as exposed in the Crow's Nest and Kootanie Passes, and which I at once recognized as indicating a subdivision of the Cretaceous lower than any which in that region had afforded fossil plants, and approaching in the character of its flora to the Wealden of Europe. This he had provisionally named the Kootanie series, and over it was another group, the Mill Creek series, with fossil plants a little more modern in aspect, but still apparently older than the beds from Peace and Pinc^ Rivers, described in a paper in these Transactions in 1883 and referred to the Niobrara and Benton, and possibly in part Dakota, groups of the United States geologists. They connected themselves in my mind with the Lower Cretaceous of the Queen Charlotte Islands and with the beds which Tyson had called Wealden in Maryland, and which I had seen in his company many years before. These plants were of so great interest that it was thought best to describe them at once, though occurring in a formation evidently richly stored with vegetable fossils and which contained beds of coal likely to be worked, and it was evident that the collections which had been made in a rapid reconnaissance of the region were only a first instalment of what might be expected. They were accordingly described and the more important species figured in a paper published in these Transactions in 188").- In this paper I referred these plants to the Lower Cretaceous, placing them as equiva- lents of the plant-bearing beds of the Queen Charlotte Islands, of thi so-called Wealden of Maryland,' of the Kome group of Heer in Greenland, and of the Neocomiau of Europe. I also indicated the close relationship of some of the species with those described by Heer from beds in Siberia referred to the Jurassic. I remarked on the importance of the dis- covery, and stated that the knowledge of this flora " will form a sure basis from which s; ' ReiKirt Geol. Survey, IST.VTd, p. LT).*?. Wliiteaves, Trans. R. S., Vol. I., Sec. IV., j). 81. ( 'ontributions to f'ana- ilian I'alicontology, Vol. I., Part II., p. 151. See also Dr. G. M. Dawdoii in Am. Jounial of Hfienco, Vol. XXXVIH., p. 120. -Vol. III., Soc. IV., p. 1. ■' Now known as the Potomac Group, wliuse plants liave been luUy described by Fontaine. COERELATION OF PEARLY CRETACEOUS FLORAS. 81 rlotte Char- was B-iOwer with and sub- plica- ad the to trace the development of the vegetable kingdom upward to the more modern forms," as represented in Western America, and will complete the series of Cretaceous floras extending from the Queen Charlotte Islands beds through the Dakota, Peace River, Nanaimo and Laramie series up to the Eocene period, which has been discovered through the labours of the Geological Survey in Western Canada. I anticipated that we should thus have a good scale for comparison with the Cretaceous floras farther south, already known to a considerable extent through the labours of Newberry, Lesquereux and others. These anticipations have been more than realized by the magnificent volumes of Fontaine on the Potomac formation of the Eastern United States,' by the discovery by Newberry in 188*7 of the Kootanie Flora in the Great Falls coal-field of Montana,- and by farther discoveries in the Kootanie district itself, to which I propose to direct attention in the present paper. Prof. Fontaine's E(>port now allords excellent terms of comparison for our Kootanie ilora; but Dr. Newberry's paper is in some respects of greater interest, as referring to a region geographically nearer, and in which he has n^cognized several of the species that had been previously described in Canada, along with others which occur in our more recent collections not yet published. We thus have now before us a very widely distri- buted liora characteristic of the transition from the meagre and peculiar types of the Jurassic to the richer vegetation of the Cretaceous, in which already some species of exo- genous plants appear. It is to be remarked, however, in this connection, that while the Potomac ilora of the south-east, like the Mill Creek Ilora of the Rocky Mountains, includes exogenous plants of primitive types, only gymuosperms and ferns have as yet been found in the Kootanie and Great Falls collections. Such a negative fact cannot be certainly relied on, especially since the collections from these localities, though abundant in individuals are not as yet rich in species. Still so far as this fact goes it would give the impression that the western floras of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Kootanie region and Great Falls coal-field may be somewhat older than that of the Potomac formation. I have remarked incidentally in the previous papers on the Cretaceous floras already referred to, on the probable geographical arrangements which accompanied and con- tributed to the distribiition at this time of a rich temperate flora from Greenland to the Southern States, and Dr. Gr. M. Dawson has discussed this subject more fully in his paper on the " Later Physiographical Geology of the Rocky Mountain Region of Canada.'" It would appear from the stratigraphical and pa keontological facts summed up in that paper, that in the early Cretaceous a great shallow-water Mediterranean existed in the interior of tht> American continent, bordered by low and fertile shores, and prob- ably barred a(?ross at its northern extremity by low lauds extending from Greenland to the nascent ridges of British Columbia, while the Appalachian district formed a land ridge on the east. Around this vast interior basin of warm water, and possibly on islands scattered over it, floi\rished that vegetation which closed the Jurassic age and inaugurated the reign of Angiospermous plants extending from the middle Cretaceous into the modern. If, as seems in every way probable, the Jurassic age was in America a period of ' ijiitcr Meso/.oit^ Floras, V. S. Geol. Siirvoy, I88i). ■-' Am. Journal ofScience, Mardi, 18111. Sec. IV., 181)-J. 11. 82 SIR J. WILLIAM DAWSON ON THE continental elevation with climate somewhat extreme, then the subsidence which allowed the warm waters of the equatorial current to circulato through the interior ba'ft '^f the continent would restore warmth and humidity, and would afford the climatal conditions favourable to the introduction of a new and more varied flora and allow this to extend far to the north. Such a state of affairs would also affo"d the local causes neces- sary to the formation of the coals which characterize the Lower Cretaceous, and which, folded up and altered in the great earth-movements of the Tertiary period, constitute beds of true anthracite in the Queen Charlotte Islands and in the Rocky Mountains. II. — Rkcent Collections of Plants from the Kootanie Formation. The collections now under consideration were made in iHltl by Mr. II. M. Ami, F.Gr.S., at Anthracite, and by Dr. Hayden at Caninore, both places being situated in the Cascade Coal Basin of the Rocky Mountains. ' Those from the latter place are limited to a few specimens in a dark gray shale. The Anthracite specimens are in a black shaly rock much jointed, with frequent slickensi^ed surfaces and liable to break across the bed- ding. The fossils are represented by shining anthracitic films on the black matrix, and the more delicate leaves can be distinctly made out only in a favourable light. These feculiarities of preservation oppose considerable difficulties to their comparison with the fossil plants fi-om other and less disturbed districts, and in the following descriptive list some allowance has been made for them in the identifications proposed with species from the Potomac and other formations. It is also to be remarked that thotigh from the same formation which afforded the plants d scribed in 1885, few of the species are identical. This may indicate some difference of horizon within the formatica, or may depend on local differences, or on the fragmentary and imperfect nature of ti e collec- tions. In any case it is plain that the collections hitherto made must very imperfectly represent the flora as a whole, either in number of species or in the completeness of the specimens. Hence the present notes must be looked upon as merely provisional and introductory, and their presentation to the Societj'- is justified only by the great geo- logical importance of the facts which, however imperfect from a paheobotanical point of view, they serve to indicate. I may be permitted to add that the history of geological discovery in the Canadian North-w^est affords a convincing proof of the value of fossil plant.s when carefully cullected with reference to the containing beds, in determining the geological ages cf the formations in which they occur, while there can be no question of their paramount value in indicating geographical and climatal conditions. Poti ben mu is d Ion hhe 8) a CI ri Annual Rept. Geo). Snrv. fun., 18H5, i». 12(> I!. CORRKLATION OF KARLY ORKTACROUS FLORAS. 88 |>wed the Itions lis to leces- Ihich, beds il.— Desoriptive List of Species. Equisetum Li/elli (Mant.ell.) (Fig. 1.) Fig. 1. — Equisetum Lyelli. This is a widely distributed species, common in the English Wealden, found in the Potomac formation of Virginia, and one of the forms recognized at G-rand Falls by New- berry. It is not uncommon in the shales from Anthracite, though the specimens are much flattened and crushed, and seem to represent branches iathev than main stems. It is distinguished by the long linear spine-like teeth of the sheaths. The shea,ths are 1 cm. long, and their teeth very long, narrow and pointed. The iigure does not show the bheaths which are very indistinct. Angiopteridium Canmorense (s. n.) (Fig. 2.) Fia. 2.— Angiopteridium Canmorense. Frond pinnate, leaves 5 cm. or more long, 6 mm. broad. Points not seen. One specimen has four leaves somewhat widely separated. Another appears to be the apex of a frond with parts of six leaves somewhat close togethrr. The texture seems to have been coriaceous and the veinlots are very fine and close, and at right angles to the midrib. It resembles A. strictinerve of Fontaine, but the materials are not sulficiently perfect for satisfactory comparison. The genus was established by Schimper fni a groiip of ferns resembling Topuiupteris in venation, but differing in foriii and j.rrangement. They are widely distributed in ilie Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous. Tht- speiim'^ns are in Dr. Haydeu's collections from Canmore, where no doubt more perfect fronds may be found. In the meantime it may provisionally named A. Canmorense. 84 SIR J. WILLIAM DAWSON ON THE Pecopteriii Browniana (Duukor.) (Fig. 3.) Fig. 3. — Peeopteris Browniana. Single piuuac occur in the Anthracite collections which are not distinguishable from this species, which is found both in the European "Wealden and the Araorican Potomac, and is nearly allied to P. borealis, Heer, from the Lower Cretaceous of Greenland. The name Peeopteris is of course provisional, and if the fructification were known it would, no doubt, be referred to some more modern genus. ' Cladophlebis falcata, (Fontaine.) (Fig. 4.) bye by ueE tha the his fro is 1 Mi tai FiQ. 4. — ChidophJchis falcata. This provisional genus was established by Saporta and Schimper to include a number of ferns mostly Jarassic, and characterized by being pinnate with spreading pinuic, the pinnules attached by the whole base, the apex pointed or obtuse, sometimes dentate, especially toward the apex, which is often turned upward, giving a falcate Ibrm. The midrib is strong but fading away into nerves toward the apex. Nerves at acute angles with the midrib, usually forking once or twice. The well known Peeopteris Whit- Trans. Eoyal Society of Canada, Vol. IV., Sec. IV'., IS'JO. f;ORRELATION OK EAfiLY (RRTACROUS FLORAS. 80 hyensis of the Euglidh Oolite may be coiiHidered as the typical form, which is represented by different species, sub-species and varieties in the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of nearly every part of the world. This beautiful species, so common in the Anthracite shale, and which is better preserved than any other fern in the collection, is without doubt taat named by Fontaine C. fulcata, though I am by no means certain that this is distinct more than varietally fvora some of his other species and some of those figured by Heer. It is certainly distinct in venation from C. Whitbijensis, though closely resembling some varieties of that species in form. It is near to Pecopteris recenlior and P. ligala of Phillips, and also to Aspleniuni Albertum from Mill Creek and A. distans from Canmore, described in my former paper. Cladophlebis (Sp.) This is a small fragment with delicate pinnules, somewhat resembling those of Fon- taine's C. iticlinata, but probably distinct. It is from Anthracite. Aspidiuni Frederickshttrfj^ense (Fontaine.) (Fig. 5.) X N. V Fio. T). — A»pidimii Frederickshurgense. In referring certain specimens from Anthracite to this species, I do so with the reser- vations stated below. My specimens, in so far as the fronds are concerned (and they do not show fructification) might be referred equally to Fontaine's species or to the Pecopteris Whitbijenm mentioned under the last head. In texture and venation however, they differ from Cladophlebis falcain and are i^robably geuerically distinct. The only difference observable as compared with Pecopteris Wtiitbyensis is that the nerves fork a little farther from the midrib. From F'ontaiue's figures our specimens differ in the nerves forking only 86 SIR J. WILLIAM DAWSON ON TUB once, but this does not seem to bo unusual in the Potomac specimens, though in many of these the veinlets divide into three. Fontaine's species has the fruit of Aspidiutn and may be compared to Heer's A. Oerstedi from Greenland, but the latter has simple veins. As already stated the old Pecoplerii Whilbt/eusis has been placed in the genus Olado- phlebis ; but specimens from Greenland referred by Heer to this species have the fruit of Asp/enium, whence he has named the species A. Wliilbymse. Thus we have fronds which when destitute of fruit would be referred to Vecopteris (Cladophlebis) Whilbyensis, but which may have belonged to Aspidium Fredericksburgense or to Agplenium Whitbyense. Our present specimens would be liable to either of these references. They seem to have pre- sented broad pinnate fronds of the habit of Aspidium or Aspleniura and for the present must remain generically doubtful. The Hgure will enable them to be recognized by subsequent collectors. It is closely allied to Axplenium dislans of Heer, which I recognized in my former paper as a Kootanie species, and which Heer identified with Pecopteris recentior of Phillips ; but the pinnules are closer and shorter and the texture of the frond different. Aspknium Martinianum (Dawson.) Fossil Plants of the Rocky Mountains of Canada. Trans. R. S. ('., 1S85, This species, recognized in the former collections from Martin Creek and Old Man River, reappears, though rarely, in the collections from Anthracite, It belongs to the same general type with A. Whitbyense oi Heer, already referred to, and especially resembles a variety from the Jurassic of Siberia referred by Heer to his species. Splienopteris laliloba ? (Fontaine.) (Fig. 6.) Fig. 6. SphennpUrlH hililoba f Fragments of a fern not distinguishable from Fontaine's figures are found at Anthra- cite, and would seem to represent that form. An allied though more delicate species, iS. Manlelli, is characteristic of the English "Wealden. Other fragments from Anthracite may indicate another species of Spheuopteris, but none of them show the ends of the pinnules, which are narrow at base, spreading rapidly COERELATION OP EAELY ORETACKOUS FLORAS. 87 und with branching veins. Whether entire or toothed at the extremity the specimens do not always she ,/, but some seem to be entire and others toothed or divi'J Still all may have belonged to one frond. Zamites Montana (Dn.) (Fig. 1.) Fkj. 7. — ZuiiiiU'-i Miinlaiiu. Trans. Royal Society of Canada, 1885. Leaves of this species, describod by me from the Kootanie region in the paper above cited, are not infrequent in the collections from Anthracite. Some of the leaves are of larger dimensions than those from the Kootanie. One of these is figured. Notes as to the affinities of the species will be found in the paper of 1885. Dioonites borealis (Dn.) Trans. Koyal Society of Canada, 1885. Mr. Whiteaves has shown me, in the collection of the Geological Survey, a fine leaf of this species from Canmore. WilliainsoHia ? A group of curved and pointed bracts resembling those of this genus appears in the collection from Anthracite ; but it is too imperfect to make the reference certain. Baieropsis (Sp.) Fragments of long forking leaves referable to this genus appear in the collections. They resemble B. Cyekanomkiana, Heer, but are too imperfect for determination. 88 SIE J. WILLIAM DAWSON ON THE Leplostrobus longifolius (Fontaine.) (Fig. 8.) rio. 8. — LtploMrohus lonfjifuliun. Many long narrow linear leaves, solitary or in clusters, with appearance of having two nerves. Along with these are fragmouis of long lax cones with ilahellate scales, furrowed obscurely in a radiating mauner. Heor established this genus for certain pine- like plants with long two-nerved leaves and very elongated lax cones, from the so-called Jurassic of Siberia. There seems to be no certain means of distinguishing the present species from those described by Heer or from that named as above by Fontaine, As Fontaine's specimens on the whole seem more to resemble ours, I have adopted his name. The species is so plentiful that I anticipate before long the discovery of more perfect specimens which may serve more fally to establish its specific relations. Pinus {Cydopitus) Nordenskioldii (Heer.) (Fig. 9.) Fir,, ii.— i'n/"- (CjvJopUiis) .\,.rih,id-!nl,li Long narrow one-nerved leaves, niui'h broadiM', liowevcr, than those ol' the last species, are sealtered very pleulifuUy on thr .surfai'(>s of shale from Anthrariti'. They iim' mostly detachetl, having evidently been deciduous, l)ut in some cases appi'ur to l>e in tufts, though this may be aidium. Differs from the above in having the leaves somewhat larger and more slender. These braachlets may, however, belong to some species of Sequoia. PagophyUum. (Sp.) (Fig. 14.) n< Fig. 14. — PagophyUum. Thick pointed leaves, length 3 cm,, breadth at base 6 mm. Rounded at base and quickly widening to full breadth and then gradually narrowing to the point, and show- ing traces of longitudinal striu\ These seem to have been thick and Iloshy leaves allied to P. pereii-rina, Heer (see Schenck, p. 20), They ulso resemble leaves referred by Fontaine tc the genus Nageopsis, resembling his N. ovata from the Potomac Ibrmation. Carpolites. (Figs. 15.) II I ( ■<-C: Fuj. 15. — L'urpuliUK, There are in the collections many flattened oval or ovate nutlets of diflereut size. Is of COERELATION OF EARLY CBETACEOUS FLORAS. 91 ider. with smooth surfaces. They are not unlikely of different specie i. They are probably gymnospermous and may belong to Cycads or TaxineDe. Cyperites (Sp.) (Fig. 16.) Fig. 16.— Cyperites. A slender grass-like stem with linear finely striate leaves, alternately disposed, and not proceeding from enlarged joints. Apparently an herbaceous monocotyledonous plant. III. — Lists of Plants of the Kootanie G-roup. I give below a summary of the plants hitherto described from the Kootanie G-roup, including those in the previous papers referred to above. I. — From the Qtieen Charlotte Islands. — Dawson in appendix to Richardson's Eeport of 18Y3. Eeport Geol. Survey of Canada for 1872-'73, p. 66. Dioonites Columbianus, Dawson. — Large fruits of the size of a hen's Q^s,, petioles show- ing structure and fragments of leaves. For figure and description see Eeport cited. Taxoxylon. — Wood showing structure and resembling that of modern Taxine trees. Cupressoxylon. — Wood having structure not very dissimilar to that of the modern Sequoia gigantea. W. — From the Kootanie District and the region of the Suskioa River, tht vicinity of Canmore and other places in the Rocky Mountains, north of the 49th parallel. — Paper by J. W. Dawson on the Mesozoic Floras of the Eocky Moiantain region of Canada, Trans. Geol. Society of Canada, 1885, Dicksonia, ^y>. — Martin Creek. Asplenium Martinianum, Dawson, allied to A. Whitbyense, Heer, Martin Creek, etc. Asplenium Dicksonianum, Heer, Crow's Nest Pass, Canmore, etc. This species is found in the Lower Cretaceous of Greenland. A. distans, Heer, (Pecoptcris recentior, L. and H.) Jurassic ot Siberia and of England. Dioonites borealis, Dawson, Martin Creek, Canmore, Willow Creek. Podozamites lameolatus, Lindley, Martin Brook, N. Kootanie Pass. Extensively distributed in the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous. Zamites Montana, Dawson, Martin Brook, Kootanie Pass. Z. acutipennis, Heer, Martin Creek ; Heer's specimens were from the Lower Cretaceous of Greenland. Z. (species) — Near Canmore. Anomo zamites, Sp. — Martin Brook. Sphenozamites, Sp. — Martin Brook. 92 SIR J. WILLIAM DAWSON ON THE Antholithes horrif/us, Dawson, Peace River, Old Man River. Salisburia (Gingko) Sibirica, Heer, Martin Brook. A species found in the so-called Jurassic of Siberia. S. {Gingko) nana, Dawson, Coal Brook. Salisburia, Nuts of, various places. Baiera longifolia, Heer, Martin Creek ; also in Jurassic of Siberia. Pinus F"slaoaensis, Dawson, Suskwa Martin Creek and Coal Brook. P. Norcit.^skioldii ? Heer. Broader linear leaves possibly of this species, Martin Creek. Sequoia Smitliinna, Heer, Coal Creek, Crow's Nest Pass. This is found in the Lower Cretaceous of Gi-reenland. Gh/plostrobux Grccnlandicns, Heer, Old Man River, Lower Cretaceous, Grreenland. Taxodium cuneatum, Newberry. Found by Newberry in the Cretaceous of the West Coast. Abov(! the beds holding these fossils are layers (the Intermediate Series) ' containing two angiospermous leaves, named respectively : Slerculia vetuatata, Dawson, Old Man River. Laurus crassinervia, Dawson, Old Man River, Sufekwa. The next beds in ascending order, the Mill Creek series, contain several distinct species of angiospermous leaves. III. — PlanU collecUd hy Dr. Nai:lierrij at Great Falln, Montana. American Journal of Science, March, 1891, Page 191. Tliymopieriii rarinerrh, Fontaine.* " hmgnis, F.* " brcvipcnnin, F.* " hrcrifolia, F* A»}ndmm Frederickslurgcnse, F.*t ? Pecopieris Broiiniana, Dunker.*t CladophMria difitani>, F.* " piarvn, ¥,* " constrictn, F.* Okandra arctica, Hoer. Cheiropteris WiUiamsii, Newberry. iS'. sjxitnlatn^ N. Cladophlehw (ingvMifolia, N. Zamitcn Montana, Dawson. f " aculipcnnii', Ileer.t " hoiraih, Hoor. " aptrtim, Newberry. Podozamitcs ncrvom, N, Baiera. Sequoia Reich enbachii, Ileer.* " SmWiiana, H.f " Gracilis, H. " acvtifolia, Newberry. SphenoU'jndinm Vipjinicimi, F.* Carjinlitlies Virgi iiienMn, F.* * Found in tiie Potomac Group, t Found in Cnnadiiin Kootanie. t(\'.) I'otomac, (W.) Wi!ai