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Second Circular of the Executive Committee, Toronto, Ontario Hall, May, 1871, ^' Rutherford UNIVERSITY OF ALDl.-TA LiBriAFiY /::\a:iN^s ^ihM^ t-:;<' A.UiM;li(,ii i-; dircctftn I/) ancorDpauyirc^ Circular, luni,. r j)art,iMiJ..rs ui)(l ».rilV)rrnaiJ.)ri {'i:M' iSuttifrfarb (SalUrtiim r 1 MAY, 1871. SECOND CIROULAE. OP THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE In their iirst Circular, issued in October 1870, the Committee puhhslied tlieir correspondence with the Gov-n-nment ur^inj^ the immediate adoption of a Land Policy for the Tsorth-West. The i\rinister of Agriculture promised in his letter of tlie '2Sth Sept., 1870, to acquaint the Committee, at an early day, with the Land Begulations then about to be adopted for the Province of Mani- toba,. The Committee have not ha I the honour to receive any further communication from the Emigration Departmjnt, bat they have procured a copy of certain Land Regulations laid before Parliament in February last, and subsequently, on the suggestion of the Hon. W. McD.mgall, a member of this Com- mittee, amended in some important particulars. The following points may be noted for the information of intending Emi- grants : 1. A plan of survey has been adopted similar to that of the United States. The Townships are to be about six miles square ; the sections will contain 010 acres, and the quarter sections, or lots, l(i() acres, lioads will h^ reserved 'betweou all sectionsi and townships. 208 2. Any male person, over the age of 21 years, may settle upon any unoccupied and ungranted quarter section, (after survey), and by such s'^ttlement may obtain tlio privilege of pur- cluifungit for one dollar per acre, cash. ?>. Or, if he be a British subject by birth or naturalization, he may settle upon and cultivate it for Vnree years, and obtain a patent for it as a " Homestead," iv'tthoiit jmreliase, except the entry fee of $10. 4. It appears also, that he may purchase, at the price of mie dollar per acre, any quantity of adjacent lands, not exceeding 040 acres, which he may find unclaimed and unoccupied at the date of his application. A Foreigner must be naturalized before patent (deed) will be issued him. 5. Local Land Officers will be appointed, with power to register all claims and to settle all disputes, &c. 6. The Laud Office at Ottawa has been placed in charge of Col. Dennis, P. L. S., attached to the Department of the Secre- tary of State, (Hon. J. C. Aikins), who is now list May), or- ganizing a corps of surveyors who will be set to work in Mani- toba as soon as possible. f> AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF MANITOEA. From tlie letters of reliable correspondents in the North-West, and the evidence of credible witnesses before Parliamentary Committees, the following remarks on the Crops, Soil, and Climate of the new Province, are submitted for the information of those who contemplate emigration thither. ]. CiiorH.-— Wheat weighs usually from OO-OC. lbs. per liusliel. The average yield about 35-10 bushels per acre. In one instance, well authenticated, 1\ bushels of common red wheat sown pro- duced a return of 54 bushels of good clean grain, Ijeing ?>(> re- turns upon tlu' bushel sown, \iiother iustauee of M bushels sown produced 711 bushels, which is 21 returns for each bushel sown. Ill another, 12 bushels produced 298 buslield. In the 5 f^ parish of Kildonan the return was in no instance less than 33 bushels to the acre for the season of 1869, wliero the land has been cropped fo)' 25 years. Oats. Average 32 lbs to the bushel. The yield is generally 50 bushels to an acre. Barley, Peas and Onions grow equally well. Potatoes, Ked Iliver equals any country in the world in the productiveness and quality of potatoes. In one instance 2^- bush- els, planted, produced 96 bushels. In another, 1 lb. of seed of Early Hose variety produced a crop of 172 lbs. of line large potatoes, many weighing from one to two pounds each. Beets, Cahhage, dr., also attain great perfection. An instance is mentioned where two cabbage heads weighed 32 lbs., and a beet weighed 17 Dis. and measured 25 inches in circumference at the top. (iraz'uKi. All authorities agree that this country is unequaled on the continent for the richness of its native grasses, and is peculiarly adapted for stock raising. 2. Climate. — The weather in summer is very similar to that of Ontario, the thermometer sometimes reaching as high as 95 degrees ; the nights however are cooler and more pleasant than in this province. In winter the weather is cold but uniform. In consequence, however, of the extreme dryness of the atmos- phere the cold is not so much felt. Snow does not usually ex- ceed a depth of 18 inches in Manitoba, and diminishes as you go westward. The thermometer falls sometimes, but rarely, to 40 degrees below /.ero. Tlie iivera|.:e of frost and the length of the seasons about the ^i;',nle as Ottawa or Kingston, Thaws hardly ever occur in the depth of winter. Horses and cattle very often remain out all winter living on the prairie grass. HINTS TO INTENDING EMIGRANTS. The Committee now wish to say a word to the intending emi- grant. If he be a tradesman or professional man, he must nevortholess be able and willing to farm in case no other openinjj; should offer upon his arrival in the settlement. It muBt be borne in mind tliat the exhaustive lal)or of clearing land is un- necessary in the North-Wt'st. Nature has provided much for the -settlor there. The vast prairie, with its virgin soil and its luxuriant pasture, is before him, productive beyond any Canadian experience, and capable of sustaining innumerable droves of cattle and horses. One yoke of oxen breaks up the turf everyv>'here, and men can be hired in the settlement to plough the virgin soil for five dollars per acre. If the emigrant has a large family, he ought to leave behind such members as are sick or infirm, or unable to assist him in tlie new country, until he has fairly established himself in his new home, when ho can send for them. If a man of family, he ought to take with him from Ontario not less than $500 cash, inclusive of the out- fit hereafter specified. Single men may get along very well with $200 to .$250. Emigrants ought to take farming implements with them, but had better confine themselves to such as are absolutely necessary, such as ploughs, harrow teeth, scythes, &c., unless they can afford to take through patent rakes and seed drills, mowers auil reapers — which indeed arc; almost a neces- sity, and can be used everywhere in the North-AVcst. Threshing machines can be purchased in Minnesota. It is well to remind the emigrant that he will be at no expense in building a barn for storing his crop. The dryness of the climate admits of the stacking of grain in the fields, where it is also threshed out. OUTFIT. The following is wh«t a good outfit should consist of : Usual winter clothing, of which 100 lbs. including trunk or case will be carried free to western limit of railway travel ; 2 pairs good Mackinaw blankets ; 1 heavy quilt ; 1 india-rubber blanket or oil-cloth; a stout cotton tent, (optional, but a good thing to have both on the route and in the territory;)! fowling piece with powder, shot and ball ; 1 revolver with ammunition ; 2 tin pails made to fit into each other, with lids ; 1 frying-pan ; 2 tin cups : 1 tin phitc ; 2 knives and forks ; 2 spooin ; 1 tin can- teen (quart;) 2 iinon sacks; soap and towels ; ni'.-dK'S and Uircad ; 2 pairs shoe-packs ; 1 butcher fir hiintin'4' knifo, witli belt ; 1 hatchet ; 1 axe : 1 hand-saw ; 1 one inch and 1 two ineii auger; hammer; gimlets; stout bed-eord and .^-cvenil poumlH of nails. The judicious emigrant Avill add to the foregoing such tooU as are nee ssary in buikling roughly, and in making the moro ordinary articles of furniture, I've, for he must to a consid- erable extent do his own work. Tradesmen of all kinds will of of course, take their complete '' kits " with them. Le^:t in tlus hurry of preparation it should be overlooked, it may not bo out of place to suggest that the emigrant should subscril)e for some good Ontario newspaper before starting, and have it directed to Winnipeg, ]\ianitoba. The intind'og emigrant, properly understanding tiio fore- going, and having decided upon extent of his outfit, should make a careful list, m dnplirate, of every article, except his clothing, heading the list as follows : " List of household and other private articles belonging to emigrant from Ontario, " to Manitol)a, contained in a chest or case marked Fort Garry, Manitoba, in bond." If the property iills more than one chest, then the owner will make a separate list, hi dtijdimte, for each box, numbering tho boxes and lists similarly from No. 1 upwards and marking th« weights upon the boxes and corresponding lists. 11 O U T E S . There arc four Routes open to the emigrant. 1. Toronto to CoUingwood, via Northern Railway; thence to Duluth h/ Steamer ; thence to St. Paul by rail ; thence to Benson by St. Paul and Northoru faoific Railway; from thence to Twenty-five Mile Point on Red River by St«ge, and from thence to Fort Garry by Steamer, down the Red River. 8 2 Toronto to Colliiigwood as before; tlicnco to Fort William by samp atfamers as above; thence to Lake Shebandowan, 40 miles by waggon road ; and thence by boats and steamers to the North West angle of the Lake of the Woods ; and from thence over a waggon road to Fort (Jarry, a distance of between 90 and 100 miles. 3. fcamc as first route to Duluth; from there to St. Tan 1 and St. Cloud by rail ; from there aeioss country in waggons to Pembina (the American Custt»iii House on the Border) — from that point GO miles by Road to Fort (Jarry. 4. Toronto to St. Paul, via Detroit and Milwaukee; thence to St. Paul and Benson by rail ; thence by team and coach to Twenty-Five Mile Point, and thence by Steamer to Fort Garry. The Committee have enciuired into the advantages and disadvantages of each. These may be stated as follows : No. 1 — This is the most expeditious route, if being estimated to occupy 11 days from Toronto to Fort Garry. Secondly — The emigrant will be saved any trouble with referenci' to the American duties, and the bonding his goods through, by an arrangement the Committee have made Avith Messrs. Hill, Griggs «fe Co., of St. Paul, who will establish an Agent at Duluth to arrange with the Customs Department, Thirdly — Tlie emigrant is provided with shelter throughout the trip, and is not required to rough it by camping out and otliorwisi;. Fourthly — It is almost if not (juiti: as cheap as either of the otliers. No. 2. — As to this route, while it ought to be preferred for national reasons, being through (.'iii-adian territory, yet there is no certainty as to the i)eriod when it will be lit for travel, and it is very doubtful if the steamers for the navigiition of the inland lakes will be completed and placed on these Lakes before the month of .Lily, whereas both No. 1 and 3 routes are open now. Another difficulty which emigrants by the Fort William route uuist encounter is the living in tents or in the open air throughout the trip. The places of slielter wliicii tin; Government intend to erect on thr route are Jiot yet completed. Again, it will not be jjossible to transi)ort live stock by this route, or bulky freight. This route will be very suitable, and perhaps preferred by parties of young men without families and travelling liglit These difficulties will, doubtless, be all removcii by U'.vt season, when tii ■ (lovernment arrangements will be perfected. No. .3. — The Committee are of o])inion that this route, via St. Piiul, will suit Emigrants intending to tak(! through live stock, us tliey will avoid lengthy liailroad transjiortation, and can drive their cattle from St. I'aul oi St. Cloud to Fort Garry. No. 4.— This route by rail from any point in Ontario to St. Paul, will proba- bly suit the convenience of a large number who may not care to travel by water or who may wish to push through rapidly to St. Paul. The Great Western Railway Company have promised every facility, and the Detroitand Milwaukic Railway have also promised the utmost diligence on tlieir p.rt to secure n rai Id and uninterrupted tliruugh transit for both Colonists and freiglit !» scniling the latter, if m'cissary, by imsHoiij^er trains. Tho table «tl' rates l)y tliin louto will be found to be mncli rediieed, and Kpetiiil lateH still lower for coni- j)anie8 over ten in • umber. 'J'lie Detroit and Milwaukio will also bond all freight and live Ht(, ;k upon i)r()duetion of duplicate invoices and a eonsular eertificate, the emigrant payinj,' bonding charge.s. The Committee, therefore, would recommend route No, 1 for emi^'rants desir- ing to real h the eountry at an early date, and who may be taking their familie.s and the ordinary amount of emigrants' luggage. Xo. 2 for young men who are not pressed for time, and who, as we liave before remarked, travid light and without ineumbranee. Xo. ;! route for tlioso taking live btoek and travelling in their own Aiu.'i;!'": . COST- The Committee have fortunatidy been able to effect a tariff of rates much lower than they expected. (See Table below,) The Second-class rates are exclusive of meals, whidi will be provided on the steamer at twenty-five cents per meal and on the American portion of the route at an average of CO cents. Cooking facilities will be provided free on the steamers for those taking their own provisions. Emigrants will be allowed lOU lbs. of baggage each, free of charge on steamer and railroad, and fifty lbs. on the coach. On route Xo, 4, (Toronto to St, Paul, via Detroit,) 200 lbs. baggage will be allowed to each passenger without charge. Extra baggage by coach will cost them 5 cents per lb., but if they choose to have it follow them on freight teams from Benson it will cost them 2\ ceutg jter lb., and will reach them at Fort (Jarry live days after their own arrival. Should emigrants be detained for connection with the steamer at Twenty-Five Mile Point, it will cost them S'i P^'r day greenbacks for board and lodging. Stages leave Benson 3 times a week, and the steamer leaves Twenty-Five Mile Point every days. The Government have intimated that they are prepared to forward emigranta by route Xo. 2, better known as "Dawson's Route,'" for $30 gold per head exclu- sive of meals. Heavy freight and live stock cannot be sent by this line the present season. The distance by this route is about 1,250 miles. The remarks respecting Xo. 1 as far as the journey to St. i'a\:\ apply equally to No. 3. Mes.srs. Hill, Crig:^ . & Co. of St Paul have intimated to the Committee that they are in correspondence with the authorities at Washington with a view to making some better arrangement for the bonding of live stock and goods, which is at present a serious drawback to the American route. Should this be effected, the details will be made public at the earliest moment possible. In the event of success not attending tlicir efforts, M(!S8rs. Hill, Griggs di Co. hav« very generously consented to the following arrangement : Emigrants taking stock will pay duties at Duluth, and take a certificate of their so doing, and upon passing the United States Custom House at Pembina, obtain a land- ing certificate. By attaching this certificate to a draft for the amount of th« 10 duties paid by tlionj, the draft will Itc casln-d by Mchhis, Hill, Griggs & Co's. iigont at Fort Garry. The Committee have arranged lor through tickets from Toronto to Fort Garry by routes Xos. 1, 3 and 4, and are prepared to issue them to applicants. The Committee believe tluat emigrants will receive proper attention from the servants and agents of the dilicrent Companies, and wish to be informed of any failure in this respect. But the Committeii can do little more than start them on their joiirney. Emigrants are advised to purchase tickets from the Secretaries of the Society when convenient, and to communicate with them for information. They will be liappy to reply to such enquiries. PASSENGER TARIFF. BETWEEN TORONTO AND THE UNDERMENTIONED PLACES. 1st OIUSH. ■JiiU t'lasi. Oiilv une (hill's l-.t ( la-b. 2 ml CliiSi Diiluth, $22.50 $12.00 Roi'TK No. 1. St. Paul, .<;25 .00 $15.00 KOLTE No. UK.MAUK8. Fort Garry, iinciudint' meals on Ca- imdiaii iSteanibuata. ^"''^■^** lK\,,'luy lioiMc No. 4 at tilt' Millie lato as limsc'^ per i ar, l)Ut it' iiisiiriiiifiit (o till a tar tiny will lie t'liargt'd by weight like otlicr Rooth. The Kaint" rciimiU aiijilics to roiitis Nos. 1 ami ;!. Af;ri( nltural imiiliiiit'iits. (Vc, liy wciplit. at waiiic rate as j^i'iiriiil iin.'rcliaiicli-.'.t'. VVii^';;uiis liriiij; intcil ill 2000 lllH.