#. 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 L 
 ^ 
 
 // 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 {/ 
 
 /- 
 
 
 
 
 f/. 
 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 ^1^ 
 
 M 
 1.8 
 
 1-4 IIIIII.6 
 
 V] 
 
 <^ 
 
 /J 
 
 ./3 
 
 
 O 
 
 7 
 
 / 
 
 /A 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 s 
 
 V 
 
 <F 
 
 \\ 
 
 <h 
 
 <1? 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 > 
 
 '*i" 
 
I 
 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHIVI/ICMH 
 Collection d<, 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Tvchnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notaa tachniquas at bibliographiquas 
 
 Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast 
 original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this 
 copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. 
 which may altar any of tha imagas in tha 
 raproduction, or which may significantly changa 
 tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 
 
 GZ! 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covars/ 
 Couvartura da coulaur 
 
 I I Covars damagad/ 
 
 Couvartura andommag^a 
 
 Covars rastored and/or laminatad/ 
 Couvartura rastaurto at/ou palliculia 
 
 I I Covar titia missing/ 
 
 La titra da couvartura manqua 
 
 □ Coloured maps/ 
 Cartes giographiques en couleur 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured init (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with othAr material/ 
 Reli6 avac d'autres documents 
 
 ~7] Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 
 ^ along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge int^rieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certainas pages blanches ajoutdas 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 4t6 film^es. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 C.,.aimentaires suppldmentaires: 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'ii lui a 6X6 possible de se procurer. Les details 
 da cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibllographi';ua, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 r~~| Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagtes 
 
 Pages restored and/oi 
 
 Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul6es 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or f oxe( 
 Pages d^colories, tacheties ou piqudes 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ddtach^es 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Quality indgale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary materii 
 Comprend du material suppldmentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 I I Pages damaged/ 
 
 I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 I — ^ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 I I Showthrough/ 
 
 I I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I — I Only edition available/ 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalament ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont 6t6 film6es A nouveau de fapon d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 .iQX 
 
 y 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
ails 
 
 du 
 
 >difier 
 
 une 
 
 nage 
 
 The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. Ail 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol --»> (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grdce A la 
 g^nirositA de: 
 
 BibliothAque nationale du Canada 
 
 Las images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et 
 de la nettetd de rexemplaire film^, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimte sont filmis en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second 
 plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont fiimis en commonpant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'iitustiation et en terminant par 
 la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la 
 dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symboie -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symboie V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure :>re filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 filmis A des taux de reduction diffirents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre 
 reproduit en un seul cliche, il est f ilm6 A partir 
 de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, 
 «t de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la m6thode. 
 
 rrata 
 o 
 
 ^eiure, 
 id 
 
 □ 
 
 32X 
 
 t 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
Rt-«--,*:«,li 
 
 m 
 
 H-iM 
 
 K,i ;:,*: 
 

 yg^ 
 
 Wf^J:s. 
 
 til 
 
 Wa^m^r'f^ 
 
 |pM| 
 
 
 P 
 
 "■l'"'l 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 vV -•'.■■>'■,•., 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^*s-' 
 
 
 
 .^s^^WK^'' 
 
 ■ * 'i n i I i.f 
 
 itfMPii- 
 
 eiOLOfilCAL m HATDBAL nSIORT SDBTET OF i^m. 
 
 ATuFBBD B. 0. SELWYN. GJLG., LIi,D^ F.IU1, F.G.S., DiBiOTQi. 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 o? 
 
 CANADIII PLANTS. 
 
 * If ■•'->': 
 
 PART IV — END06ENS. 
 
 BT 
 
 ■J ■ 
 
 JOHK MACOUK, Miu, F.L.S., F.R.S.C. 
 
 iVadtfaiwI to the Otelotiaal OfMt ^^%i|«|< »9«rto<v <SurMV q^ drnodo. 
 
 ^i^^ 
 
 ; MONTBBAL: 
 DAWboN BROTHERS. 
 
 1888. 
 
 
 « 
 
 4 
 
 ■4 
 
 .'.jtfja'-v 
 
 
 it' 
 
 .1, 
 
 
 
 < *jf - »f — -irf^ !*■■- 
 
 
 
 v^. 
 
 
 i-^:- 
 
J 
 
OE 
 
 C 
 
 S 
 
 / 
 
 ~'-v«i% 
 
 \ 
 
 '\ 
 
OBOLOMOAL AND NATUEAL HISTORY SOOIBTY OP CANADA '^ 
 
 __ALFRED R C. SELWYN. C.M.G., LLD., F.Ra. F.G.S.. DiR«noB. ' 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 ov 
 
 CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 PART IV.-Ei\DOGENS. 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN MACOU^, M.A, F.L.S, F.E.S.C., 
 
 Ifatumlitt 10 the Geuh„ic,a and yatural HMory Survey of Canada. 
 
 / 
 
 DAWSON BKOTHHJRS. 
 
 1888. 
 
MS 
 
 1 
 
 1203^7 
 
 pi. ^ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 The first volume of this Catalogue of Canadian Plants conHists of 
 three parts separately published and bearing date 1883, 1884 and 
 1886 respectively. Part T. includes the PolypetaljB, Part II. the 
 GamopetalfB, Part III. the Apetalip and GymnOHperms. Part IV., 
 now issued, is devoted to the Endogons, and forms the first portion of 
 Volume II. of the Catalogue. Part V. will include the ferns and their 
 allies with the mosses and liverworts, and it is intended in Part VI. to 
 catalogue the lichens, fungi and seaweeds. 
 
 Over 2,000 species of named cryptogamous plants, to be catalogued 
 in Parts V. and VI., are now in the herbarium, and it is probable that 
 the number will be raised to 2,500 before these parts are published, so 
 that the entire work will enumerate about 5,500 species of plants 
 (indigenous and intiwluced) found growing without cultivation within 
 the limits of Canada. 
 
 Since the publication of Part III. extensive collections have been 
 made by James M. Macoun on the shores and islands of James Bay. Dr. 
 G. M. Dawson has made valuable and interesting notes and collections 
 in that part of the North-West Territories bordering on Alaska. The 
 writer spent five months collecting on Vancouverlsland and gathered 
 much valuable information regarding its flora. That part of this addi- 
 tional information which is applicable to the Endogens is included in 
 the present issue. 
 
 In accordance with the plan adopted at the commencement of the 
 work, I have placed myself in communication with specialists in the 
 various ordera and have had their assistance in the determining and 
 verifying of critical or new species. 
 
 As on former occasions, Dr. Sereno Watson has rendered valuable 
 assistance, especially in the Liliacese and Juncacea3. In the Naiadacese 
 I have had very much help from Mr. Arthur Bennett, F.L.S., 
 Croydon, England, and from Rev. Thomas Morong, Ashland, Mass. 
 These gentlemen, by examination and comparison of authentic 
 
PREFACI. 
 
 BpeciinonH, have onablod mo to yivo a very .satiHfactory account of our 
 Tiivor-wcedM. W. IF. Hoeby, A.Ii.S., Tiondon, Kni^'land, and Mr. 
 Moron^ have confrilmtod critical no(o» on tlio Sparji^ania of Canada 
 Mr. Hoclty liaving sent my spocimunH to Norway in order that our 
 nortliurn formn might bo comparal with .Scandinavian fypon. 
 
 The fjonuH Carex, aH was to bo cxpoctod, f^avo rino to many perplex- 
 ing i|UowtionH. BoHidcH availing myself of Prof. L. H. Bailoy'H mono- 
 graph of the gonus, I Hont him many specimen h of critical specios, 
 and have embodied in tlio text hirt remarks and occaHionally his 
 doMcriptionti of new upocioH and varietioM, While not agreeing with 
 him in every particular, hiw doterminationH have generally been ac. 
 cepted au conclusive. Mr. IJennot has rendered invaluable asHistanco, 
 and lionideH comparing my specimens with those in his own herbarium 
 has transmitted them to Kew and to Scandinavian specialists for com- 
 parison with the typos. Krom his remarks it is (juit(» ovident that the 
 correct nomenclature of our northern carices is not yet settled. 
 
 To the veteran botanist, Dr. Vasoy, of tho Agricultural Department 
 at Washington, I am deeply indebted. For many years he has 
 examined critical 8j)ecies and coiiHrmcd my determinations of the 
 Graminoju from all parts of Canada. All the species in this order are 
 named in accordance with his catalogues, and in every case his de- 
 cision has been taken as final. 
 
 In arranging the oi-ders and genera I have followed Bontham & 
 Hooker's Genera Plantarum, and tho authority for the genus, as given 
 by them, I have accepted. The preparation of this portion of the 
 Catalogue has entailed much labour, on my part, and though conscious 
 that the results accomplished are far from perfect, I would ask the 
 indulgent criticisms of botanists who can well appreciate the difficul- 
 ties of the work. 
 
 JOHN MACOUN. 
 
 Ottawa, .fune, 1888. 
 
ENDOGENS. 
 
 Cir. IIYDROCIIAIIIDACJILK. Froo's-Bit Family. 
 
 68B. KLODEA, Miohx. Fl. I., 20. (WATER-WEED.) 
 
 ! II 
 
 (2208.) E. Canadense, IMunchon. Mioh.x. Kl. I., 20. 
 
 Udora Canathnns, Nutt. Gen. II., 24'_». 
 
 U. nrticUlaUi, Sproii^;. Ildok. Fl. II., 193. 
 
 Anacharia CaiKulmmg, I'lauclion. (Jray, Man. Ed. V. .t95. 
 
 Cut., No. 175«. 
 Serpicula occidentalig, Piirch. Fl. I., 33. 
 
 Macoun, 
 
 IN. 
 
 Voiy abundant in still waters of rivers, and in lakes and ponds 
 throu<(hout Quebec and Ontario. Although it makes a luxuriant growth 
 in summer, it never chokes Canadian streams, as the frosts of winter 
 destroy it. (Macoun.) Souris River, Assiniboia. (/. M. Macoun.') 
 Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 586. VALLI8NERIA, Linn. Gen. 1097. (EEL-GRASS.) 
 
 (2209.) V. spiralis, Linn. Hook. Fl., 11., 192. 
 
 V. Americana, Michx. Fl. II., 220. Pursli, Fl. II., 602. 
 
 Not uncommon in slow-flowing rivers and shallow bordei-s of lakes. 
 Its range is ^-uthor wider than the last, but it is not so plentiful. In 
 shallow water, St. Stephen, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Near Prince's Lodge, 
 Halifax. (Lawson.) In a small teke near North Sydney, Cape Breton 
 Island. (Macoun,) St. Lawrence River, near Point St. Charles, Mon- 
 treal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Common at Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 S. Lawrence, and evevywhei'e common in streams inland and north- 
 1 
 
I> 
 
 2 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 ward from Proscott and Brockville. (Billings.) Common in the Bay 
 of Quinto, and in all the Htrcams and lakes discharging into it; 
 Scugog River, at Lindsay, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Buchan.) Kingston, Ont. (Burgess.) North shore of Lake 
 Superior. (Agassiz.) Goro Bay, Vermont Harbor, Manitoulin 
 Islands. (./. Bell.) 
 
 cm. ORCHlDACEvE. (Orchid Family.) 
 
 687. MICR0STYLI8, Nutt. Gen. II., 19G. 
 
 (2210.) M. monophyllos, Lindl. Gen.Orch. 19. Hook. Fl. XL, 193. 
 
 M. brachijpoda, Gray. Ann. Lye, New York, III.. 228. 
 Kpularia discolor, Beck, Bot. 350. 
 
 Occasional in rather damp, shady woods, but nowhere common. 
 Little Eocher, N. B. {Fowler's Cat.) Halifax, and Bedford, N. S. 
 (Lawson & Sotnmers.) South West Point, Antieosti ; along high 
 cliffs, Gaspd coast, near Ste. Anne desMonts. (Macoun.) Near Montreal. 
 (Ooldie.) Mer Bleue, Ont., and Hull, Q., near Ottawa, (hletcher, 
 Fl. Qtt.) In rich woods, not common at Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) 
 Cacouna, Rivor St. Lawrence, Q. ; also in Peter's Swamp, London, Ont. 
 (Burgess.) In swampy thickets near Castleton, cedar swamp, near 
 Woolor, and two miles south of Picton, Ont. ; in wet woods along 
 Lake Winnipegoosis, Man. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2211.) M. ophioglOSSOideSy Nutt. Gen. II. 196. Hook. Fl. XL 193. 
 
 Malaxis unifolia, Michx., Fl. II., 157. 
 M. ophioglossoides, Pursh, Fl. II., 592. 
 
 Newfoundland. (Dr. Morrison.) In several places in Kent Co., N.B., 
 at Fredericlon, Ee\ Rivor and Grand Like. (Fowler, Cat.) Near 
 Bedford and at Halifax, N.S. (Lawson & Sommers.) Very abundant 
 in wet meadows at Louisburg, and at North Sydney, Capo Breton 
 Island; River de irig, Antieosti. (Macoun.) Dry hills. Huckleberry 
 liapids, Rivii^ro Rouge, Q. (B' Urban.) Dow's Swamp and other 
 places near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Oft.) Sandy soil near Castleton 
 and Belleville, Ont ; shady woods along Lake Winnipegoosis, Man. 
 (Macoun.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Canada to the 
 Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 wan. 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 8 
 
 (2212.) M.'diphyllOS, Lindl., Gen. Orch. 11). Hook. Fl. 11., 193. 
 Ounalashka. {Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 688. L1PARI8, Richard. (TWAYBLADE.) ' 
 
 (2213.) L. Uoeselii, Eichaid. Hook. Fl. II., 194. 
 
 Malaxis liliifoUa, Richard. Pureh, F). II., 592 in part. 
 
 In wet springy places, oi- on hummocks in swamps; local but not 
 rare. ■ In a boggy meadow near Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) 
 Bog, Dalhousie, N.B. (Chalmers.) Harris Cove, Lily Lake, St, Stephen, 
 Fredericton, Grand Lake, Kennebeccasis and Eel rivers, N.B. (Fow- 
 ler, Cat.) Savanne, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) In rich 
 woods, not common at Riviiire du Loup, Q. (^Thomas.) Dow's Swamp, 
 Bwamp east of Beechwood, and other localities at Ottawa, not uncom- 
 mon. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Wet swamp east <>f Belleville, and on logs 
 in a pond, Oak Hills, Hastings Co.; also on logs in a swamp near 
 Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Peat bogs near 
 London, Ont. (Burgess.) Canada to Carloton House Fort, Saskatche- 
 wan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 689. CALYPSO, Salisb. (CALYPSO.) 
 
 (2214.) C. borealis, Salisb. Hook. Fl. IL, 195. Pursh Fl. IL, 593. 
 
 On moss in deep, shady woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Nova Scotia. (Menzies.) Eather common in shady woods, having 
 been detected by many collectors in N. B. (Fomler's Cat.) Dalhousie, 
 N.B. (Chalmers.) Jupiter River, Anticosti ; cool woods, Gasp^ Basin. 
 (Macoun.) Along the River Sto. Anne des Monts, Q. (Porter.) Common 
 in rich woods a' Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Vicinity of Montreal, 
 1822. (Dr. Holmes.) Rather rare, vicinity of Ottawa. (F etcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) At Belleville in dry codar swamps , and numerous other 
 places in central Ontai-io ; also woods on Pie Island, Lake Superior, and 
 around Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Shore of Lake Medad, near Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Logic.) Mossy bogs, Owen Sound, Ont. (Burgess.) Lake 
 Mistassini, N.E.T., to the northern end of Lake Winnipeg; very local. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Moose Factory, James Bay. (Cottar <& Dr. ILnjdcn.) 
 Extremely rare in the Rocky Mountains, only noticed at Donald, 
 
ij' 
 
 4 GEOLOaiOAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Columbia Valloy ; abundant in all ijhady woods in British Columbia 
 and Vancouver Island, (ilfacown.) Dean or Salmon River, H.C. 
 Cassar Trail, 36 miles west of Dease Lake, B.C. {Dawson.) Sitka. 
 (^Rothr. Alask.) Canada to Bear Lake River ; also from Hudson Bay 
 to the Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 690. APLECTRUM, Nutt. Gen. II., 197. (PUTTY-ROOT.) 
 
 (2215.) A. hyemale, Nutt. Hook. Fl. n., 194. 
 
 Cymhidiwn hyemale, Pursh, Fl., II., 593. 
 
 Corallorhiza hiemalis, Nutt, Journ. Acad. Phil. III., 139. 
 
 Rather rare in rich woods. Beechwood, near Ottawa. {Lt. Col. Wm. 
 White.) Mirivvin's woods, near Prescott, Ont. {Billings.) Wm. Anderson's 
 woods. Prince Edward Co., woods near Belleville, Hastings Co., and in 
 Simon Terrill's woods, Brighton, Northumberland Co., Ont. {Macoun.y 
 Rich woods, not common near London, Ont. {Burgess.) Mandannin, 
 Lambton Co., Ont. (J. Morrison, Jr.) Between Norway House and 
 Cumberland House, on the Saskatchewan River. {Hooker Fl.) 
 
 591. CORALLORHIZA, R. Br. (CORAL-ROOT.) 
 
 (2216.) C. innata, R. Br. Hook. Fl. IL, 194. , 
 
 C. vema, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. III., 136. 
 
 Rather rare, but widely distributed, being found in deep cool woods 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfoundland. {Miss Brenton.) New 
 Harbor, Newfoundland. {Rev. A. Waghorne.) Windsor, Pictou, Truro^ 
 Strait of Canso, Guysboro Co., N. S. {Sommers, Cat.) North 
 Woods, Annapolis, N.S. {Macoun & Burgas.) Black River, in Nor- 
 thumberland Co., Carlelon and Andover, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Rich 
 woods. Riviere du Loup, Q. {2'homas.) Table Top Mountain, Gasp<S, 
 Q. {Porter.) Savanne, near Montreal, 1821. {Dr. Holmes.) Dow's 
 and other swamps near Ottawa. {Fletcher Fl. Ott . ) Woods west of 
 Prescott Junction, Ont. {Billings.) Prince's Island, Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Logie.) Big Swamp, Murray, and at Castleton, Northumberland Co. ; 
 woods at Kakabeka Falls and on Pie Island, Lake Superior, also at Lake 
 Nipigon, Ont., and at Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba, Man. {Macoun.) 
 Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; Beren's River, Man., and Missinaibi River^ 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 Ont. (J. M. Macoun) In swamps at tho Kananaskis, close to Bow 
 River, Eocky Mountains ; Telegraph Trail, B.C. ; slope of Mount 
 Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, alt. 3,500 foot. (JfacoM/i.) Dean or 
 Salmon River, B.C. Upper Liard River, lat. 61°, N.WT. (Dawson.) 
 Kotzbue Sound and Ounalaska. (Rothr. Alask.) Lake Huron; through- 
 out Canada to the Saskatchewan Eiver. (Hooker, rl.) Greenland. 
 (Lange.) 
 
 (2217.) C. Odontorhiza, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. III. 137. 
 
 C. Wisteriona, Conrad. Journ. Acad. Phil. VI., 145. 
 CymMdium Odontorhizon, Pursli, Fl. IT., 593. 
 Ophrys corallorhiza, Michx., Fl. II., 158. 
 
 The occurrence of this plant in any part of Canada, except in south- 
 western Ontario, is still a matter of doubt, as all the specimens hitherto 
 supposed to be this species, except from that district, have proved to 
 be C. innata. Three-mile House woods, near Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) 
 Woods along Lake Erie, Norfolk Co., Ont. (Dr. Mchol.) Papineau 
 woods, near Montreal, 1822. (Dr. Holmes.) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Buchan.) 
 
 2218. C. multiflora, Nutt. 
 Fl. II., 194. 
 
 Journ. Acad. Phil. III., 138. Hook. 
 
 C. innata, Nutt Gen. II., 194. 
 
 Rich, shady woods, extending fi-oni the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Rev. A. Waghorne.) Halifax, N.S. 
 (Sommers.) North "Woods, near Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) 
 Campbellton, N. B. (Chalmers.) liathor common in Kent Co., also 
 at St. John, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Rich woods, RiviOrc du Loup, Q. 
 (Tlwmas.) Beechwood and other places near Ottawa. (Fletcher, F\ 
 Ott.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Woods, common at 
 Pi'cscott, Ont. (Billings.) Under evergreens in woods at Castleton, 
 Seymour, Brighton, Picton, and Belleville, also at Owen Sound, the 
 Pic and Nipigon rivers, and along tho east shore of Lake Nipigon, 
 Ont. (Macoun.) Woods, not common, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Owen 
 Sound and Cockburn Islands, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.)- North shore 
 of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) On mountain slopes among hemlock, 
 at Six Mile Creek, in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) Mountain 
 slopes Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Woods near 
 Cedar Hill, Vancouver Island. (Fletc/ier.) On the flanks of Mount 
 Finlayson, also in woods at Nanaimo and (iualicum, Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Flowering in May while Mertensiana is only in full flower 
 in July". 
 
i 
 
 6 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEr OF CANADA. 
 
 1 
 
 (2219.) C. Mertensiana, Bong. Yeg. Sitcha,47 ; Hook. Fl. II., 194. 
 
 Coniferous woods west of the Rocky Mountnins ; Telegraph Trail, 
 B.C. ; woods around Mount Finlayson, and very abundant on the 
 flanks of Moants Arrowsraith and Mark, and on the portage from 
 Qualicum to Alberni, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 Victoria, B.C. (Fletcfier.) Salmon River, B.C. ; also Queen Charlotte 
 Islands. {Dawson.) Sitka. {Bothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2220.) C. Striata, Lindl. Orch. 5.34. 
 
 C. Macraei, Gray. Man. Ed V., 510, Macoun's Cat., No. 1799. 
 
 Very local and very rare, though it has a wide range. Caledonia 
 Springs, Ont. {Macrae.) Beechwood, Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Olt.) 
 Renfrew, Ont. {liev. C. J. Young.) Rocky woods along North River, 
 about four miles above Round Lake, Peterboro Co., Ont., also on the 
 top of the high bank below the C.P.R. bridge, Nipigon River. (Macoun.) 
 Woods, London, very rare, and at Parry Sound, Ont. (Burgess.) North 
 shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Sooke, Vancouver Island. {Fletcher.) 
 In a swamp at the Kananaskis, Bow River Pass and at the summit 
 of the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. Not uncommon at Oak Bay and in. 
 woods around Cedar Hill, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) 
 
 692. LI8TERA, R. Br. (TWAYBLADE.) 
 
 (2221.) L. cordata, R. Br. Hook. Fl. II., 204. 
 
 Ophrys cordata, Michx. Fl. II., 158. ,1 
 
 Not uncommon in cool woods from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Newfoundland and Labrador. {Dr. Morrison.) Pictou, N.S., and 
 Cape Breton Island. {McKay.) Truro, N.S. {Li/nds(W.) North Mountain 
 near Annapolis, and Pirate's Cove, Gut of Canso, N.S. ; also woods 
 North Sydney, Cppe Breton Island. (Macoun & Burgess.) Kouchibou- 
 guacand Dorchester, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Bald Mountain, Tobique River, 
 N.B {Bay.) Portland, N.B. {Matthews.) Ste. Anne des Monts River, 
 Gasp^, Q. {Porter.) Rich woods, Riviere du Loup, Q. {Thomas.) 
 Swamp at the foot of the Oak Hill;,, Hastings Co., also in a swamp 
 near Owen Sound, Ont. ; very abundant in woods north of Otter Head, 
 and at Current River, Lake Superior ; One-mile portage Nipigon 
 River, and Logan's Island, Lake Nipigon. {Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, 
 N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Common in mountain woods from Silver 
 City through the mountains to the coast, and common everywhere in, 
 
CATALOaUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. T 
 
 cool woods on Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Salmon River, and 
 Iltasyouco River, B.C. (Dauson.) Ounalaska. (Rothr. Alasfc.) Lake 
 Winnipeg to the Saskatchewan, and from the Straits of De Fuca to 
 Alaska. {Hooker, Fl.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (2222.) L. convallarioides, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 204. 
 
 L. Eschscholziana, Chain. Linntta III., 33. 
 EpipacHs convallanoidef, Pursh, Fl. II., 591, 
 
 Not very common but extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
 through the cool forest region. Balhousie, N. S. (McKay.) North 
 Mountain, near Annapolis, N.S., and in damp woods at Whycocomagh, 
 Cape Breton Island. (Macoun & Burgess.) On the brink of a 
 densely shaded brook, near the Manse, Bass River, Upper St, John and 
 Madawaska rivers, also near Campellton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Dal- 
 housio, N.B. (Chalmers.) Nashwaaksis, N.B. ( Froom.) Woods along the 
 Gasp^ coast and in woods up the Sto, Anne dos Monts River, Gaspd, Q. 
 {^Macoun. Porter.) Rich woods, Riviiro du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Hil- 
 ton, near Owen Sound, and Cockburn Harbor, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) 
 Opposite Grand Island, Lake Superior. (R. Bell.) Shore of Lake 
 Huron, near Wiarton, woods near Current Rivei-, along the north- 
 east coast, and on Pie Island, Lake Superior; in wet woods along 
 Lake \cinnipegoosi8, Man. (Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N.B.T, (/, M. 
 Macoun.) Oxford House, Kcewatin, (R. Bell.) Common in the 
 Rocky Mountains, from the Kananaskis to Donald on the Columbia ; 
 abundant on the mountains on Vancouver Islanil and at Cameron and 
 Home Lakes. (Macoun.) Ounalaska. (Rothr. Alaslc.) Near Que- 
 bec and Lake Huron ; also in shady woods in mountain swamps at the 
 base of the Rocky Mountains ; on the north-west coast at Clai'cnce 
 Straits and Ounalaska. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 593. SPIRANTHE9, Richard. (LADIES TRESSES.) 
 
 (2223.) 8. latifoiia, Torr. Gray, Man. Ed. V., .i04. 
 
 S. planlaginea, Torr. Fl. N. York, II., 284. 
 
 Occasionally in damp, gra.ssy places. Tit isville, Andover, North 
 Mountain, Tobique and Eel rivers, N.B. (Foicier, Cat.) Windsor, N.S. 
 (Howe.) Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) In a marshy meadow at Belle- 
 ville; rich, moist woods at Niagara Falls, Ont. (31acoun.) Gravelly 
 river flat, London; Southampton, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
i 
 
 1 
 
 « 
 
 OEOLOQICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 (2224.) 8. Romanzoviana, ChamisMo. 
 
 S. cemua, Rich. Hook. Fl. II., 202 in part. 
 
 Not uncommon on wot wind or in bogs, along rivers and lakes from 
 the Atlantic to the Pacific. Brigus, Newfoundland. (JK. Bell.) Now 
 Harbor, Newfoundland. {Bev. A. Waghorne.) Pictou, Truro and 
 Sandpoint, N.S. ; Whycocomagh, Capo Breton. (Sommers, Cat.) 
 Siscomb River, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Magdalen Islands. 
 {Bichard&on.) Kouchibouguac, liichibucto, Campbellton, King's and 
 St.. John's Go's., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) South West Point, Ami- 
 costi ; Big Swamp, Murray, shore of Lake Ontario at R-esqu'ilo 
 Point, also shore of Lake Huron at Eed Bay, Ont. (Macoun.) Sault 
 Ste. Marie. (Mrs. Saunders.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T., and on 
 Charlton Island, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) GoJ's Lake, N. E. of 
 Lake Winnipeg {R. Bell.) Bow River valley at Calgary, and rather 
 common in sand along the Bow River at Silver City, Rocky Moun- 
 tains ; also in Beaver Creek valley, at Six Mile Creek, Selkirk Moun- 
 tains; common at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, and at Home Lake 
 and Alberni, Vancouver island. (Macoun.) New Westminster, B.C. 
 (^Fletclier.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Ounalaska. (Rothr. 
 Alask.) Bartlett Bay. Alaska. (Meehan.) 
 
 (2225.) S. cernua, Richard. Hook. Fl. 11., 202, in part. 
 
 Neotlia crniwa, Pnrsh, Fl. II., 589. 
 Ophrys ccmua, Michx., Fl. II., 158. 
 
 The limits of this and the preceding species are not very well do- 
 lined, and references to this form may in reality belong to the next. 
 Dartmouth and Halifa.\, N.S. (Lawson & Sommers.) Pictou, N.S. 
 (McKay.) Wot places, Caledonia, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) 
 Lobster Bay; Long Point, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) In the neighbor- 
 hood of bogs, Rivi(^re du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Cote St. Paul, near 
 Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Lake Flora, Hull, Q. (Fletcher, Fl. 
 Ott.) Moist ground west of Prescott, Qnt. (Billings.) The Dell, 
 Ancaster, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Boggy meadow near the 
 
 (Macoun.) Peter's Swamp, near London, 
 Drummond Island and McLood's Harbor, 
 
 Hop Yard, Belleville, Ont. 
 Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) 
 
 (2226.) 8. gracilis, 'Bigolow. Hook. Fl. IL, 202. 
 
 Open woods and grassy slopes, not uncommon, but local. Windsor. 
 Halifax, Pictou, Truro ajid af Oyster Ponds, Guysboro Co., N.S. 
 (Sommers, Cat.) Abundant along the railway cuttings at Truro, N.S. 
 (^Macoun.) Roadside, Pictou, N.S. (Burgess.) Caledonia, Guysboro 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 9 
 
 Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Baio Vorto and Potitc-odiac, N.B. {Fowler, 
 Cat.) Lobster Bay ; Little Eivcr, ilingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Aylmor, 
 Q. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Eoeky woodlands west of Brockville, Ont. 
 (BilUiKjs.) Sandy soil in woods, vnlloy of tiie Ilumbor, Toi-onto. 
 (Burgess.) Sandy plains at Castloton, Ont.; also along Lake Huron, 
 at Red Bay, and abundant in swamps along White Hiver, north of 
 Lake Superior, and also at Kainy Lake, Out. (Macoun.) Obsei-- 
 vation Point, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Fi-om Lake Huron 
 to Fort Franklin, on the 31ackenzie iiiver. (JfooLer, Fl.) 
 
 A, R. Br. (RATTLESNAKE-PLANTAIN.) 
 
 (2227.) C. repens, R. Br. Hook. Fl. 11., 203. 
 
 Neottia rrpms, Pursh, VI. II., 589. 
 Satyrium rcpens, Miclix., Fl. II., 157, in part. 
 
 Rather common in cool mossy woods, from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific, Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Pirate Cove and Annapolis, N.S. 
 (Burgess & Macoun.) Very common throughout the R>rost8 of New 
 Brunswick. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Mary's River and other points, Anti. 
 costi ; also woods along the Gaspd coast, Q. (Macoun.) Slopes of 
 Mount Albert, Gaspt5. (Porter.) Vicinity of (Quebec and Island of 
 Orleans, Q. (Thomas.) Stewarton, near Ottawa, and P]astman's 
 Springs, Ont. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Cedar swamps throughout all the 
 northern counties of Ontario and extending westerly to the Lake of 
 the Woods. (Macoun.) Blood River, Lake Winnipeg, and abundant 
 between that lake and Lake Mistassini. (J. M. Macoun.) Between 
 Pine River and Dunvegan, Peace River. (Dawson.) Not uncommon 
 in northern Manitoba and in the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains, at 
 the Kananaskis. (Macoun.) Mountain woods of the Rocky Moun- 
 tains, and from the Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin. (Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2228.) G. pubescens, R. Br. Jlook., Fl. II., 204. 
 
 NcoUia puhescenx, Pursh, Y\. II., 590. 
 Sati/rium repens, Michx., Fl. II., 157, in part. 
 
 Rather rare. Alwa3's prefers dry woods in Ontario. Newfound- 
 land. (Miss Brenton.) New Ilai'bor, Newfoundland. (Rec. A. Wag- 
 home.) Salmon River, Truro, and Canso, Guysboro Co. (Sonwiers, Cat.) 
 The above references probably belong to the preceding species. 
 (Macoun.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) TobiqueLake, N.B. (Hay.) 
 Ste. Anne de la Piirade, Q. (St. Cyr.) Gravelly and rich woods, Sey- 
 
i 
 
 10 
 
 OEOLOaiOAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 mour, Northumberland Co. ; Belleville, and near the Oak HlUrt, Hast- 
 ings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Sulphur Spring, Ancaster, Ont. (Logie.) 
 St. Jo.>flDph [slnnd, Gore Bay, and ThompHon Point, north of Lake 
 Huron. (J. Bell.) Opposite (irand Island, Lake Superior; on good 
 soil. (R. Bell.) Rich woods, London, and Parry Sound, Ont. 
 (Burgess.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) 
 
 (2229.) C. Menziesii, Lindl. Orchid., 492. 
 
 Spiranthes dccipicns, Hook., Fl. II,, 203. 
 
 Rich woods, taking the place of G. pubescens west of Lake Huron. 
 Lake Huron. (Goldie.) Lake Simcot, Ont. (Drummond.) Manitoulin 
 Island. (Mrs. Saunders.) Woods, Manitoulin iHlands, and at Parry 
 Sound, Ont. (Burgess.) llathei- common along Beaver Creek, Selkirk 
 Range ; alsf) abundant in all evergreen woods throughout Vancouver 
 Island. (Mnroun.) Flathead River, B.C., and Queen Charlotte Islands. 
 (Dawson.) Near the sources of the Columbia River, Rocky Mountins. 
 (Drummmd.) 
 
 595. ARETHU8A, Linn. Gen. 1014. (ARETHUSA.) 
 
 (2230.) A. bulbosa, Linn. Hook., Fl. IF., 201; Pursh, Fl. IL, 590. 
 
 Peat bogs, common eastward. Newfoundland. (Cormack.) New 
 Harbor, Newfoundland. (Rev. A. Waghorne.) Halifax and Mahono 
 Bay, Lunenburg Co., N.S. (Somvio's, Cat.) Peat bog, North West 
 Arm, Halifiix, N.S. ; also in a bog at North Sydney coal mine. Capo 
 Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.) Glenolg, GuysboroCo., N.S. (Faribault.) 
 Richibucto, Fredericton, Norton, Chipman, and Musquash, N. B. 
 (Folder, Cat.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vromn.) Very rare in Gomin's 
 woods and swamp near Quebec. (Thomas.) Swamp at Three Rivers, 
 q., 1822. (Br. Holmes.) Mer Bleue, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) 
 Big swamp, Murray, Northumberland, Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Mossy 
 bogs, Westminster Ponds, London, Ont. Very rare. (Burgess.) 
 
 696. CALOPOCON, R. Br. (CALOPOGON.) 
 
 (2231.) C. pulchellus, R. Br. Hook., Fl. II., 202. 
 
 Cymbidium pulcMlum, Fmah, V\. 11., 5^2, • 
 
 Limodonmi tuberosum, Michx., Fl. II., 159. 
 
 Peat bogs, not common. Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) New 
 Harbor, Newfoundland. (Rev. A. Waghorne.) Halifax, Pictou and 
 
CATAIiOailE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 11 
 
 Mahono Bay, N.S. ; Capo Broton. (Sommers, Cat.) Abundant in a 
 poat bog ttt Nortb Sydney Mine, Cape Breton. {Macounk Burgess.') 
 Smith's bog, GuyNboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Magdalen Islunds. 
 (McKay.) Peat bogn, Kichibucto, Konchibougiiac, and Day's milis^ 
 N.B. (Folder, Cat.) St. Henri, L«5vi8 Co., Q. (St. Cyr.) Common 
 at Quebec, in (romin's woods. (Thomas.) Abundant in bogs near the 
 Indian village, Rivitiro Kouge, Q. (D' Urban.) Savanne, near Mon- 
 treal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Bogs; abundant in the vicinity of Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) Bay, west of Prescott Junction, Ont. (BiUinijs.) 
 Big swamp, Murray, Northumberland Co. ; border of a lake near Mar- 
 mora village, and in a swamp, Huntingdon, North Hastings ; also 
 shore of Lake Huron, at Chicken Buy, Ont. (Macovn.) Westminster 
 Ponds and mossy bogs, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 597. POCONIA, Ju88. Gen. G5. (POGONIA.) 
 
 Ker., Bot. Keg. 148. Hook., 
 
 
 II., 590; Michx., Fl. II., 159. 
 Ntnvfoundland. (Dr. Morrison.) 
 A. Wnghorne.) Halifax, Pictou 
 
 (2232.) P. ophioglossoides, 
 
 Fl. ir., 201. 
 
 Ardhwa ophiogl.osiioi'lf.i, Piirah, Fl. 
 Peat bogs, not common in Ontario. 
 New Harbor, Newfoundland, (liev. 
 and Mahono Bay, N.S. ; Cape Broton. ((Sommers, Cat.) In a peat 
 bog at North .Sydney Mine, Capo Broton. (Macoun.) Scarce about 
 Richibucto and Fredoricton ; abundant at Tomlinson's Lake; at 
 Clifton, Andover, and Tay's mills, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Charles, 
 Bellechasso Co., Q. (St. Cyr.) In a swamp at Three Rivers, Q., 1822. 
 (Dr. Holmes.) Common in bogs near the Indian Village, Riviiire 
 Rouge, Argentouil Co , Q. (D' Urban.) Rare at Quebec, in Gomin's 
 woods. (Thomas.) Peat bogs, vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Big swamp, Murray, Northumberland Co. ; swamp, Dummer, Peter- 
 boro Co., and at Hooper's Luke, North Hastings ; swamp and marsh 
 ut Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Miicoun.) Bog at Millgrove, near 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Westminster Ponds, London Ont. (Saunders. 
 Millman.) Mossy bogs, London and Parry Sound, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 (2233.) P. pendula, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 202. 
 
 Triphora pendiUa, Nutt., Gen. II., 193. 
 Arethusii pendula, Pursh, Fl. II., 590. 
 A. parrijiora, Michx., H. II., 160. 
 
 Damp woods, Canada. (Goldie vide Hooker.) We have never seen a 
 Canadian specimen of this species. It should be looked for in south 
 western Ontario. 
 
f\ 
 
 18 
 
 OEOLOQIOAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 <2234.) P. vertioillata, Nutt. Gon. II., 192. 
 
 Arethtma vertidllata, Pursh, Fl. II., 691. 
 A. medeolovkit, Pursh, Fl. II., 691. 
 
 Low damp woods, Komokn, Ont. ; rare. (^Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 698. EPIP.^CTI8, R. Br. 
 
 (2235.) B. gigantea, Bougl. Hook., Fl. II., 202. 
 E. Americana, Lindl., Orchid. 462. 
 Under evergreens, at Osoyoos Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) 
 
 699. ORCHIS, Linn. Gon. 1009. (ORCHIS.) 
 
 <2236.) O. spectablla, Linn. Hook., Fl. II., 195 ; Pursh, Fl. II. 587. 
 0. hximUis, Michx., Fl. II., 155. 
 Eich low woods, rather rare. Keswick, and at Eel River, Carleton 
 Co., N B. (Fowler, Cat.) Gomin's wood, Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity 
 of Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Stewart's bush and other locali- 
 ties near Ottawa, not uncommon. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) Miriwin's 
 woods and elsewhere around Prescott, Ont. ; common. (Billings.) 
 Eich woods near Belleville, Hastings Co. ; also at Castleton and 
 Campbeliford, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton. (Logie.) Eich woods, London, Ont. (^Bxirgess. Millman.) 
 
 (223t.) O. aristata, Fisch. Hook., Fl. II., 195. 
 
 0. latifolia, Linn. Rothrock's Alaskan Plants, 456. 
 Ounalashka. (Chamisso vide Hooker.) 
 
 (2238.) O. rotundifoiia, Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. CXIV., 72. 
 Pursh, Fl. II., 588. 
 
 Habenaria rotundifolia, Rich. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 500, Macoun, Cat., 
 
 No. 1773. 
 Platanthera rotundifolia, Lindl. Orchid. 286. 
 
 Occasionally mot with in peat bogs; commoner westward. Eiviire de 
 Brig, Anticosti. (Macoun.) In damp woods near Riviere du Loup, Q. 
 (Thomas.) Mingan Islands, Q. (St. Cyr.) Very abundant in the big 
 swamp, Murray, Northumberland Co., Ont. Dow's swamp, near 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; also South 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 13 
 
 Twin iHland, Jnmos Bay. (J. M. Maeoun.) Mooso Factoiy, JnmoH 
 Hay. (Cottar & Dr. Jfai/dcn.) Lake Winnipo;,'. (Back.) SlopcH of 
 CyprosH Hills, Alberta. (J. M. Maeoun.) Damp woods, Lako Win- 
 nipogoosiM ; in the foot-hills at Morloy and vvowtward to Silver City, 
 Rocky Mountains ; also in a bog on the Kocky Mountain Poi-tago, Peace 
 River Caflon, lat. 5<i°, and at McLcod's Lake, B.C., lat. 55°. {Maeoun.) 
 Banii', Rocky MoiintaJM. {Prof. Fouler.) Between Fort Chuicliill 
 and York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Dr. Jiae.) Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
 600. HABENARIA, Willd. Spec IV., U. (REIN-ORCHIS.) 
 
 (2239.) H. tridentata, Hook., Ex. Fl. 81. 
 
 Platanthcra tipulaiikt, Lindl., Ori;liit"285. 
 Oymnadenia (?) tridmtaUt, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 195. 
 Orckit tridentaUi, Pureh, Fl. II., 586. 
 0. clavellaht, Michx., Fl. II., 155 ; Pursh, Fl. II., 586. 
 
 Peat bogs and borders of lakes. Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.y 
 Now Harbor, Newfoundland. (Eev. A. Waghorne.) Brigus, Newfound- 
 land. (R. Bell.) Windsor, Halifax, Pictou, Truro, and Straits of 
 Canso, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Caledonia, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Fari- 
 bault.) Wot slopes, Baddeck, Capo Breton. (A^coun.) Common 
 in Kent Co. ; also St. John Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Black Lako, on 
 King's Mountain, Chelsea, P.Q. ; rare. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Border 
 of Hooper's Lako, North Hastings ; tamarac sw^amp near Norah's 
 Lake, Victoria Co., Ont. (Maeoun.) Border of the marsh at Mill- 
 grove, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Mossy bogs, London and Parry 
 Sound, Ont. (Burgess.) Opposite Gi-and Island, Lako Superior. 
 (R. Bell.) Lako Huron. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2240.) H. Virescens, Spreng. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 499. 
 
 Platantheraflava, Gray. Sill. Journ. XXXVII., 308. 
 P. herbiola, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II , 197. 
 Orchis Juscetcens, Pursh, Fl. II., 587. 
 
 Wot places along Crow River at Marmora, Hastings Co. ; on Ship 
 l8land,'Gull Lako, Victoria Co., Ont. ; also eleven miles up tho Kamin- 
 istiqua River, Thunder Bay. (Maeoun.) Prince's Island, near Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. (Logie.) In low ground, London ; rare; also on Moon River, 
 Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Between Norway House and Canada. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
14 
 
 oioiiOoioAL gnaviT ok oanada. 
 
 (2241.) H. braoteata, R Br., Hoi-t. Kew. (Kd.2) V., 192. 
 
 H. inridii, R. Er., Var bracUala, Itoiclienbach, Maooun, Cat No. 1776. 
 Per'-nti/li* hr<tcteatuii, LIndl. Hook., Fl. II., 201. 
 Orchi* bractmta, I'lirBh, Fl. II., 687. 
 
 In grJiHsy woods and raoiidowa. TabDi-villo, Potitcodiac, Ilavolock, 
 and Tobiquo ForkH, N. li. {Fowler, Cat.) Common in woods at 
 Rivi(^ro du Loup, (i. {Thomas.) Island of Orloans. {St. Cyr.) Swumps 
 and by rivers, near Montreal, 1H21. {Dr. Holmes.) Observed in 
 several places along the Riviire Rouge, Argenteuil Co., (^ {D' Urban.) 
 Not un(!ommon near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Moist thicket wost 
 of Prescott Junction, Ont. {Billings.) Occasional all over the coun- 
 ties of Prince Edward, Hastings, and Northumberland, Ont., but never 
 abundant. {Macoun.) Mountain near Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) Low 
 woods, London, Ont.; also at Kmorson, Man. {Burgess. Millman.) 
 Rather common in many praces on the Great Plains, extending 
 to Canmore, in the Rocky Mountains and appearing again at Donald, 
 Columbia Valley; along the Telegraph Trail, hit. 55°, B.C.; also 
 occasionally mot with near Victoria and Goldstream, Vancouver Island. 
 {Macoun.) Calgary, Alberta. {Prof. Fowler.) Sitka and Ounalaska. 
 {Both. Alasli.) Lake Winnipeg. {Back.) From Lake Huron to the 
 Saskatchewan, and to swamps in the Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 ,(2242.) H. Chorisianus, Lindl. 
 
 Platantlierd'Choriinanua, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 201. 
 Ounalashka. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 .(2243.) H. hyperborea, R. Br. Rich., App. II., 33. 
 
 Piatanthera hyperborea, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 197. 
 P. HuTonenrig, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II.. 198, 
 P. Konigii, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 197. 
 Orchit hyperborea, Pursh, Fl. II., &88. 
 
 Abundant in bogs, and extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Newfoundland. {Miss Benton.) New Harbor, Newfoundland. {Rev. 
 A. Waghome.) Labrador. {Butler.) Harris Cove, Andover, and 
 Upper St. John, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) CampboUton, N. B. {Chalmers.) 
 Peat bog, Salt Lake, Anticosti. {Macoun.) Common in woods at 
 Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Island of Orleans, Q. {St. Cyr.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Moist thickets, east of 
 Prescott, Ont. {Billings.) Peat bogs and swamps, general throughout 
 central Ontario. {Macoun.) Sulphur spring, Ancaster, near Hamilton, 
 •Ont. {Logic.) Wet shady woods, London, and Southampton, Ont. 
 .{Burgess.) St. Joseph's Island, Drummond Island, and Thompson's 
 
CATAI.OdUE OF CANADIAN PI-ANTS. 
 
 16 
 
 Point, fioor^iun Hay. {J. Bell.) Aliuiulant around Lake Superior 
 and, alon^ the DawHOii routo to tlio Red Hivor. (Macoun.) Iwiko 
 MintaHHini, N.K.T. ; Severn liivor, K«>owalin ; ('liailfon Inland und 
 " The Twins," James May. (./. M. Macoun.) Moose Factory, James 
 May. (Cottar &. Jfayden.) Metwc^n Lake Winnipeg and Yoi'k Factory. 
 (ft. BeAl.) Cypress IlilU and Cal^'ary, Alliorla. (./. M. Macoun.) 
 Fort Kllico, Lonjj Lake, and JIand Hills, N.W.T. (Maroun.) IJelly 
 Kivor, 4!Mh parallel, JJocky Maimtains. (Ruryess. Millman.) Crow 
 NoBt Pass, Rocky Mountains. {Dawson.) Aliundant in swumps und 
 mountain meadows from Morloy westward Ihrouiih the Hocky Moun- 
 tains to the Selkirk summit. (Macoun.) (^uesnol Lake, H.C., alt. 
 2,200 feet, (Bowman.) Martlott May, Alaska. (Meehan.) From the 
 Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin; alsoOimalashka. (Hooker, Fl.) Green- 
 land. (Lanye.) 
 
 (2244.) H. (gracilis, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad., XIL, 216. 
 
 J'lntontlurn (jrnnlif, Lindl. H(K>k., II., IDS. 
 P. KirirUi, LiiuU. Hook., Fl. II , 11)!). 
 
 North West America. (Menzies.) Abundant in damp woods and 
 along wooded slopes of Mount Ai-rowsmith and Mount Mark, at 
 Qualicum and Alberni, and occasionally in swamps in tlio interior 
 of Vancouver Island (Macoun.) Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) Noi-th West coast of America. (Douglas.) 
 
 (2245.) H. sparsiflora, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad., XIL, 276. 
 
 Platanthera {/raminea, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 199. 
 
 Both this and the above species look like IL hyperborea, but they 
 are easily distinguished by the spur, which in the former is saccate, 
 and in the latter is quite long and slender. (Macoun.) North West 
 coast. (Menzies.) . , 
 
 (2246.) H. diiatata, Gray. Ann. Lye. N. York, HI., 23L 
 
 Platanthera dilatata, Lindl. Hook., Fl. XL, 198. 
 Orchis dilatata, Pursh, Fl. II., 588. 
 
 Rather common in bogs from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Brigus, 
 Newfoundland. (R. Bell.) New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Rev, 
 A. Waghome.) Very abundant in a wot meadow at Louisburg, Cape 
 Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.) Common in swamps and bogs at 
 Kouchibouguac, Lily Lake, Campbelton, Tobique and Eel rivcra, 
 Chipman, and between Pabinoau and Grand Falls, on the Nepisiquit> 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Riviere do Brig and Ellis Bay, Anlicosti ; also 
 Mount Albert, Gasp^, Q. (^Macoun.) Mingan Islands. Q. (Sf. Cyr.) 
 
16 
 
 GEOLOaiCAt, SURVET OF CANADA. 
 
 Mountain swiimp, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Vicinity of 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Rather common in swamps throughout 
 central Ontario, and abundant around Lake Superior and on the Island 
 of Michipicotin. (Mtcofin.) Mossy bogs, London, Ont. {Burgees 
 Millman.) Drummond Island and Thompson's Point, Georgian Bay. 
 (J.Bell.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun) Moose Factory, 
 James Bay. (Cottar & Dr. Hayden.) Red Deer River, and along the 
 flanks of the Porcupine Mountain, Man. ; rather common in the 
 Rocky Mountains, from Morley westward to Hector. (Macoun.) 
 South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Lake Ijindeman, 
 Yukon River, lat. 60°. (Schwatka.) Throughout Canada from Lake 
 Huron to the Saskatchewan and Hudson Bay. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2247.) H. leucostachys, Watson. Proc. Am. Acad., XII., 276. 
 
 I'laianlhera leucostachijs, Lindl., Fl. II., 198. 
 
 In exactly the same habitat as the preceding, but with larger, whiter 
 and longer spurred flowers. Swamps at Donald and Beaver Creek? 
 Columbia Valley ; quite common in swamps at Victoria, Nanaimo, 
 Alborni and Qualicum, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Tanyabunkut 
 Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) 
 
 (2248.) H. obtusata, Rich. App. Ed. IL, 33. 
 
 I'latnnthera oltlwnta, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 190. 
 Orchw oblu.mta, Pursh, Fl. IL, 588. 
 
 Common in cool mossy woods throughout the forest region to British 
 Columbia. New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Eev. A. Waghorne.) 
 Labrador. (5M^/er.) Truro, N.S. (Latcson.) Coal Branch, Kent Co. ; 
 Campbellton and Bald Mountain ; also St. John Co. and Tobique 
 River, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) North Sydney, Cape Breton ; South "West 
 Point, Anticosti; Little Fox River, Gaspd, Q. (Macoun.) Summit of 
 Mount Albert, Gaspd. (Porter.) Mingan Islands, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 Peat bogs, Sturgeon Point, Ont. (Burgess.) Bogs at Sturgeon Lake, 
 Ont. (Mrs, Sauiiders.) St. Joseph and Drummond Islands, Georgian 
 Bay. (J. Bell.) Cedar swamps at Belleville and Castleton, also at 
 Owen Sound, Ont. ; abundant at Kakabeka Falls, Current River 
 and Pie Island ; Nipigon River, and westward along the Dawson 
 road to the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, 
 N.E.T. ; Charlton Island and Fort George, James Bay; also Cypress 
 Hills, Alberta, (J. M. Macoun.) Damp woods. Lake Winnipegoosi.-* 
 and Porcupine Mountain, Man. ; in the foot-hills, from Morley 
 westward through the Rocky Mountains to Donald in the Columbia 
 valley; also at Fort McLeod, lat. 55°, B.C. (Macoun.) Gatcho liake, 
 
CATALOaUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 17 
 
 orne.) 
 Co.; 
 bique 
 West 
 mit of 
 Cyr.) 
 Lake, 
 iorgian 
 also at 
 Kiver 
 )a\vson 
 tassini, 
 ypress 
 egoosis 
 Morley 
 lumbia 
 liake, 
 
 B.C. (Dawson.) Kotzebue .Sound. {Rothr. Alask.) Between Fort 
 Churchill and York Factory, Hudson Buy. {Dr. Jiae.) Nova Scotia. 
 Capo Torment, near Quebec, west to Carleton House Fort, on the 
 Saskatchewan and alpine sAvamps of the Rocky Mountains, and thence 
 to Bear Lake and Fort Franklin ; North West coast and Kotzebue 
 Sound. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2249.) H. elegans, Bolander. Cat. PI. San. Fran. 29. 
 
 Platantlicra ekgans, hmdy Hook,, Fl. II., 196. 
 
 Rich or gravelly woodlands ; confined to the west coast. Flowering 
 late. This form may be easily distinguished from the next by the lonff 
 spur. Rather rai'e near Victoria, Vancouver Island, but frequent in 
 the woods at Nanaimo antl northwards to Qualicum, and Home Lake 
 where it is common on gravelly soil. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2250.) H. Unalaschensis, Watson. Proc. Am. Acad., XIL, 277. 
 
 H.fcetida, Watson. Bot. King Exp., V. 341 ; Macoun, Cat., No. 1765. 
 Platanthera Schischmanffmnu, Lindl- Hook., Fl. II., 197. 
 
 Very rare eastward but abundant on the west coast. Open gravelly 
 woods, Jupiter River, Anticosti; also on the Fishing Islands, Lake 
 Huron; on gravel of a mountain torrent at the " Gap," Rocky Moun- 
 tains ; very abundant on Mount Finlayson and the other mountains 
 around Goldstream, and on gravelly soil at Qualicum, and Cameron 
 Lake, Vancouver Island. Flowering early. {Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 McLcod'a Lake, B.C. {Dawson.) Ounalashka. {Hook. Fl.) 
 
 (2251.) H. Menziesii, Lindl. Gen. Orch., 28G. 
 Platantliera Mttniem, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 197. 
 
 North West coast. (Menzies vide Hooker.) 
 
 (2252.) H. Hookeri, Ton-. Gray. Ann. Lye. N. York, IH., 229. 
 
 Platanthera Hookcri, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 196. 
 II. orbiculata, Hook. Ex. Fl. 145. 
 
 Cool and damp woodlands and borders of swamps. Windsor, Dart- 
 mouth and Elmsdale, N.S. {Soinmers, Cat.) Pirate's Cove, N.S. 
 (Macoun & Burgess.) Kouchibouguac, Kingston, Kent Co. ; Grand 
 Lake and Salmon River, also Petitcodiac, N.B. (Foioler, Cat.) St. 
 Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Lake Tamiscouata, Q. (Ami.) Island of 
 Orleans, Q. {St. Cyr.) Vicinity of Riviere du Loup, Q. {Thomas.) 
 Neighborhood of Ottawa ; very common. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Moist 
 thicket west of Prescott Junction, Ont. {Billings.) Damp woods, Oak 
 Hills, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Neighborhood of Hamilton, 
 2 
 
18 
 
 OEOLOOICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 1 ' 
 
 Ont. (Logie.) Komoka, Ont. (Milhnan.) Two Heart River, north of 
 Lake Huron, and on the Michipicotin River and Oba Lake, and i-iver 
 north of Lake Superior. (M. Bell.) 
 
 Yar. oblongifoliai J. A. Paine. This form, as its name indicates, 
 has oblong instead of oi-bicular leaves. Grows in similar situa- 
 tions. North Mountain, Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) Canipbollton, 
 N.B. (Chalmers.) Chelsea Mountain, Q. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 
 (2253.) H. orbiculata, Torr. Compend. 318. 
 
 H macrophylla, Goldie. Edin. Phil. Journ., VI., 331. 
 Platanthera orbiculata, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 196. 
 Orchis orbiculata, Pursh, Fl. II., 588. 
 
 Rich shady woods, not uncommon but abundant nowhere. 
 New Harbor, Newfoundland. (^Rev. A. Waghorne.) Halifax, Mount 
 Dalhousie, Truro, Clam Harboi- and Straits of Canso, N.S. (*Siowi- 
 viers, Cat.) North Mountain, N.S. (Burgess.) Wliycocogmah, Capo 
 Breton. (Macoun.) Bass River, Loch Lomond, Nopisicjuit Lakes, 
 Eel River, Clifton and Tobiquo River, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) River Ste. 
 Anne dos Monts, Gaspe coast. (Macoun. Por^-":) Mountain swamp 
 and Portage des Gres, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Island of 
 Orleans. (St. Cyr.) Abundant in woods along the River Rouge, 
 Argcnteuil Co., Q. (B' Urban.) Vicinity of Ottawa; rather rare. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Near Albion Mills, Ont. (Logic.) Under clumps 
 of pines, English's woods, London, Ont. (Saunders.) Rich woods. 
 Parry Sound, Ont. (Burgess.) Hilton, Drummond Islands, and Cock- 
 burn Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Opposite Grand Island, Lake 
 Superior. (R. Bell.) Woods near Belleville, and at the Oak Hills 
 Hastings Co.; also at Castleton, Brighton, and Campbellford, Northum 
 bcrland Co., Ont. ; woods, LakeNipigon and at Kakabeka Falls, near 
 Lake Superior; Swan Lake House, and on*tho banks of tho Red Deer 
 River, Lake Winnipegoosis, Man. ; rich woods along the Columbia 
 River at Donald, B. C. (Macoun.) West to tho Saskatchewan. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2254.) H. CiliariS, R. Br. Hort. Kew. (Ed. 2) V., 192. 
 
 Platanthera ciliaris, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 199. 
 Orchis ciliaris, Pursh, Fl. II., 585. Michx. Fl. II., 156. 
 
 Low sandy soil, near Leamington, Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.) Canada. 
 (Goldie.) Apparently very rare in Ontario. 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 19 
 
 (2255.) H. blepharlglottis, Ton-. Compcnd. 317, 
 
 Platanthera hlcpharigluttis, Lindl. Hook., 1"1. II., 199. 
 P. holopelala, Lindl. Hook., V\. II., 199. 
 Orchis blipluiriglotlis, Pursli, Fl. II., 585. 
 
 We include the variety Jiolopetala in tho species as our knowledge 
 is too liraitetl to separate them. Peat bo^s, apparently rare. New- 
 foundland. (Miss Brenton.) New Harbor, Newfoundland. {Rev. 
 A. Waghome.) Halifax and Bedford, N.S. (Somwers, Cat.) Bogs, 
 Pictou Co, N.S. 1885. (Robert.) Kouoliibouguac, Maryland road, near 
 Fjcderieton ; Tay's mills, York Co., and Chipman, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.) Bogs in Gomin's woods, near Quebec. 
 (Thomas.) Mer Bleue, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Peat bogs, 
 Lake Island, Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 (2256.) H. leucopheea, Gray, Man. Kd V., 502. 
 
 0-rchis hticophiva, Nutt. 
 
 Caledonia, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Moist meadows and 
 bogs, abundant at Baddeck and North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) 
 Gomin's woods, Quebec. (Thomas.) Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.) 
 Millgrovo, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Mossy woods, Lonilon, Ont. 
 (Burgess.) 
 
 (2257.) H. lacera, R. Br. Hon. Kew. (ivl. 2) V., lt>3. 
 
 Platanthera ps'jcodeii, Lindl. Hook., Fl. 11., 200. 
 
 OrclnK pKijcoiUs, Pursh, Fl. II., 585. 
 
 0. laora, Michx., Fi. II., 156 ; Pursh, Fl. IL, 586. 
 
 Eich damp woods, rare and lucai. Windsor, Halifax and Pictou, 
 N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Meadows at Baddock, Cape Breton. (Burgess.) 
 Koucliibouguac ; Petitcodiac and Hampton ; common between Au Lac 
 and Port Elgin, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) iJich woods near the hop yard, 
 Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Peat liogs, Westminster Ponds, near Jjon- 
 don, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 (2258.) H. psycodes, Gray. 
 
 Manual Ed. V., 502. 
 
 Hook. Fl. II., 200. 
 
 Platanthera fimliriata, Lindl. Var. /;(. 
 P. incisa, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II.. 200. 
 Orchit fimhriata, Pursh, Fl. II., 588. 
 0. iJici.ta, Pursh, Fl. II., 589. 
 
 Moist woods and swamps, common in certain localities. Newfound- 
 land. (Miss Brenton.) Windsor, Bedford, Pictou, Truro, and at the 
 Straits of Canso, N.S. (Soimners,Cat.) Wet meadows at Baddock, Capo 
 Breton. (Macoun.) Common in wet meadows and bogs, Kent Co. ; 
 
20 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVET OP CANADA. 
 
 also at Norton, N.B. (^Fowler, Cat.) Nictaii Lake, N.B. (ffay.} 
 Gomin's woods, near Quebec. (Thomas.) Point Fame and Fox River, 
 Gaspu coast, (J. (Macoun.) Harbor Island, Mingun Islands ; and Island 
 of Orleans. (*Sp^ Cyr.) Salt Lake, Anticosti. ( Verrill.) Swamp at 
 Beechwood, and other places near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Swamp east of Belleville, and 
 in numerous places in North Hastings and at Marmora and Myersburg, 
 in Northumberland Co. ; also on the shore of Chicken Bay, Lake 
 Huron, Ont. (Macoun.) Millgrove, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) 
 In swampy soil at London, Ont. ; common (Burgess. Mi(lman) Owen 
 Sound, Druramond Island, Thompson's Point, and McLood's Harbor, 
 Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Sault Ste. Marie. (R. Bell.) Fifteen miles 
 up the Kaministiqua Rivei-, wo>t of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Rainy 
 River, North Western Ontario. (Dawsoii.) 
 
 (2259.) H. flmbriata, R. Br. Hort. Kew. (Ed. 2) V., 193. 
 Plutantlwra Jimbriata, Lindl. Var. «. Hook. Fl. II., 200. 
 
 Low meadows and swamps ; rare. Meadow's, Caledonia, Guysboro 
 Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Bass River, N.B, ; rare. (Fowler, Cat.) Tobique 
 River, N.B., 1884. (Hay.) Ste. Anne de la Perado, ChamplainCo., Q. 
 (St. Cyr.) Gomin's woods, near Quebec. (Tho7nas.) Abundant in low 
 B warn py ground, River Rouge, Argenteuil Co.,Q. (D' Urban.) Gregory's 
 meadows, Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Land's farm, near Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Logic.) 
 
 60I CYPRIPEDIUM, Linn. Gen. 1015. (LADY'S SLIPPER.) 
 
 4 
 
 (2260.) C. arietlnum, R. Brown. Hort. Kew. (Ed. 2) V., 222. 
 
 Cedar and tamarack swamps, usually on hummocks. Saguenay 
 River. Q. (Scott.) Savanne, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) 
 Dow's swamp, Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abundant in the big 
 swamp, Murra}-, Northumberland Co.; also in a swamp at the base of 
 the Oak Hills, and in pine woods two miles north of Belleville, 
 Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Portage of the Grand Rapid of the 
 Saskatchewan, Man. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2261.) C. parviflorum, Salisb. Linn., Soc. Trans. I., 77 ; Pursh, 
 Fl. II., 594. 
 
 C. Calceolw, Michx., Fl. II., 161. 
 
 Rather common in swamps in Ontario. Newfoundland. (Miss 
 Brenton.) Restigouche Co. ; also Tobique, near Pokiok, N.B. (Fowler, 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 21 
 
 Cat.) Anticosti uikI Mingan Islands. ( Vf.niU.) Kivor do Brig, 
 Anticosti. (Macoun.) Savanno, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Cedar swamp north-west of 
 Pi'oscott, Ont. ; rare. (liillinfis.) Hwamps near Bcllovillo ; also in 
 the big swamp, Murray, Northumberland Co., Ont. (^Macoun.) Moun- 
 tain side beyond Mr. Bridge's house, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Cedar 
 swamps, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Komoka, Ont. (Millman.) Moose 
 Factory, James Bay. [Cottar & Dr. Hayden.) Water Hen Jlivor, 
 Lake Winnipegoosis, and on the Assinihoino Kiver, at the Grand 
 Valley, Man.; also at the Kanaiiaskis bridge, C.P.R., liocky Moun- 
 tains. (Macoun.) Throughout Canada to Lake Winnipeg and the 
 Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2262.) C. pubescens, Swartz. 
 II., 594. 
 
 Hook., Fl. II., 205; Pursh, Fl., 
 
 C parvijlorum, Ait. Bot. ]Ma<:. t., Oil (iion W'illd.) 
 
 Common in swamps, and often on banks in woods. Port Mulgrave, 
 Guysboro Co., N.S. (Ball.) Truomansville, N.S. (Truemun.) Gallo- 
 way, near Ilichibuoto ; rather rare; Fdmunton, and common at And- 
 over, N.B. (Fowler. Cat.) Campbolllon, N.B. (Chalmers.) Swampa 
 along the Gaspu coast. (Macoun.) In wet places, Riviere du Loup, Q. 
 (Thomas.) St. Charles island, Mingan. (.b'f. Cijr.) Savanne, near 
 Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Near Lake 8t. Joan, Wentworth, 
 Argentouil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Hull, Q. ; Little Chaudiorc, and 
 other places near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common in woods 
 and swamps. Hastings, Prince I'Mward and Northumberland Co's., 
 Ont. (Macoun.) Prince's Island, near Hamilton, Ont. (Loffie.) 
 Cockburn Island, Georgian Bay. {J. Bell.) East side of La Cloche 
 Island, GcoJ'gian Bay. (R. Bell.) London, Ont., and Kmerson, Man. 
 (Burgess. Millman.) Lake Mistassini, N. IvT., and Missinaibi River, Ont. 
 (■L M. Macoun.) Fchimamish liivor, Keewatin. (R.Bell.) Jn swamps 
 along Lake V\ innipegoosis, and abundant on the prairie and in thickets 
 throughout Manitoba, and westward to the base of the Rocky Moun- 
 tains at Kanaiuiskis, C.P.R. (Macoun.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. 
 {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2263.) C. spectabile, Salisb. 
 204. Pursh,Fl. II., 594. 
 
 Linn., Trans. T., 7S ; Hook., Fl. II., 
 
 C. Canadense, Michx., Fl. 11., IGl. 
 C. album, Ait. Kew. (Ed. 1) III., 303. 
 
 Cedar and tamarack swamps, often abundant. Pict')u, N.S. (McKay.) 
 St. John Co.; Restigouche; York ana Castleton Co's.; Andover and 
 
22 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 ■•\v. 
 
 Tobiquo Eivoi-. (Fowler, Cat.) NicoIct,Q. (St. Cyr.) Mountain swamp, 
 Montreal, 1821. (Br. Holmes.) Dow's swamp and Kxperimental 
 Farm, Ottawa, abundant. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Swamp near Heck's mills. 
 North Augusta, and common in bogs northwai-d from Prcscott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Abundant in many swamps in Hastings Prince Edward 
 and Northumberland Go's., Ont.; also at Chicken JJay, Lake Huron- 
 (Macoun.) Lake Medad, near Hamilton, Ont. (Loijie.) "Westminster 
 Ponds; and swamps, Londcm ; also abundant at Southampton, Ont, 
 (Burgess.) Thompson's Point, Georgian Hay. (J. Hell.) 
 
 (2264.), C. acaule, Ait. Kew. (Kd. l.)]ir., 161; Michx. Fl. II., 161. 
 C. humik, I'ursh, Fl. II., 595 ; Hook., Fl, II.. 204. 
 In swamps and pine or sandy woods ; frequent. Newfoundland. 
 (Miss Brenton.) New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Rev. A. Waghorne.) 
 Windsor; North West Arm, Halifax; Piotou and Guysboro, N.S. 
 (Sommers, Cat.) North Mountain, Annapolis, and at Kingston, N.S. 
 (white vSriety.) Halifax, (Macoun k Burgess.) leather common, 
 Black River, Northumberland Co. ; Krederitton ; Lily Lake ; St, 
 Francis River, N.B. (white varict3-.) (Foicler, Cat.) Lake Temis- 
 couata, Q. (Ami.) Outchechow, and Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 In woods at Rivi<iro du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) On gneiss rocks and 
 sand. River Rouge, Argenteuil Co., (J. (B' Urban.) Lake Flora, near 
 Hull, and in a swamp at Beechwood, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Swamp near Hock's mills, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Evergreen woods and Westminstei- Ponds, 
 London, Ont. (Burgess. Milhaan.) Not uncommon in swamps through- 
 out Hastings, Addington, Northumberland and Peterboro Co's., Ont. ; 
 also on St. Ignace Island, and at the mouth of Nipigon River, Lake 
 Superior. (Macoun.) Rupert River, N.E.T.; Severn River, Kcewatin. 
 (./ M. Macoun.) From Canada to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie 
 River. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (22G5.) C. montanum, Dougl. Lindl., Orchid, 528, 
 C occidaitalc, Watson. Macoun Cat., No. 1801. 
 Exclusively western and confined to the Pacific slope. Occasionally 
 met with at Donald, in the Columbia Valley, B.C. ; also (m the Eraser 
 River, at Fort George, B.C. (3Iacoxm.) Okanagan Lake, B.C. (Bawson.) 
 Woods near Cadboro Bay, Vancouver Island. (King.) Vicinity of 
 Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2266.) C. passerinum, Rich. Hook., Fl. II., 205, 
 V. parrlflorum. Rich. App. Ed. I., 340, 
 On wet sand and in 8wam])s ; rare. Near Moose Factory, James. 
 
CATAI.OaUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 23 
 
 tain swamp, 
 xperiniental 
 IecU'8 mills, 
 ■oscott, Out. 
 nco Edward 
 jake Huron- 
 iVcstminster 
 mpton, Ont. 
 
 .Fl.lL, 161. 
 
 iwfoundland. 
 
 Waghorne.) 
 ^'sboro, N.S. 
 igston, N.S. 
 icr common, 
 ■ Lake; St. 
 l,ake Tom is" 
 :i {St. Cyr.) 
 ss rocks and 
 » Flora, near 
 her, FL On.) 
 s.) Vicinity 
 instei' Ponds, 
 mps through- 
 
 Co's., Ont. ; 
 
 Eiver, Lake 
 
 sr, Ivcewatin. 
 
 le Mackenzie 
 
 Occasionally 
 
 )n tlio Frascr 
 
 .C. {Dawson.) 
 
 Vicinity of 
 
 ictory, James. 
 
 Eay. (Cottar & Dr. Ilayden.) Cl.ailton Island, .fames Bay ( r. If 
 Macoun.) On wot sand at the Pic liiver, Luke 8..j.orio,-; very abun- 
 dant in a spruce swamp at the Kananaskis station, close to Bow Eiver 
 Rocky Mountains an<l westward to Silver City. (Afaeou,,.) P\uo 
 woods, from the Saskatchewan to hit. .''.S^; «„d i„ the Ifocky V[oun- 
 tams. {Hooker, Fl.) Canon, Yukon Eiver, 1887. (IF. Oi/iVc/i-.) 
 
 (22fi7.) C. guttatum, Swartz. Eoichenh. Ic. Eot. t, 210. 
 
 Wcknownothingofthisspecios. Two specimens o,dy, with withered 
 tlowers were gathered at Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie, bv J)r 
 Eichardson. Most abundant at Ounalashka. {/loo/cer, FQ 
 
 CIV. ILEMODOIJACF.E. Elood-wort Family. 
 
 602. ALETRIS, Linn. tien. 428. (COLIC-ROOT) 
 
 (22G8.) A. farinosa, Linn. Sp. (Ed. 2.) I., -t.=)(;. 
 
 A. alba, Michx., Fl. I., ISO ; Pursh, Fl. I.. 225. 
 Sandy thickets. Leamington, Essex Co., Ont. {Bimjess.) 
 
 CV. lEIDACE.E. iKis Faaiilv. 
 
 603. IRIS, Linn. Gen. 50. (FLOWER-DE-LUCE) 
 
 « 
 
 (2269.) I. versicolor, Linn. Hook., Fl. If., 206; Pursh, Fl. I., 29. 
 /. Virginica, Pursh, Fl. I., 29. 
 
 Abundant in ditches, swamps, and by river and lake margins 
 New Harbor ^ewfoun.lland. (Reo.A. Wa>;horne.) Italifax, pfctou 
 and Canso, Uuysboro Co., X.S. (Sommer., Cat.) Truro and Annapolis, 
 N^S. (.l/«c.««.) Abundant in wet places throughout New Brunswick. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Dalhousic, N.B., in a Iresh water swamp. (Fletcher ) 
 Common throughout (Quebec and Ontario, extending westward to 
 the Lake of the Woods (Jhtnjess) and northeastward to Lake Mis- 
 tassmi, N.K.T. and Charlton Island, .lames Bay, and west to Lake 
 
 inn.peg and Beren's Eiver. (J. JJ. Macoun.) Winnipeg and North 
 West Angle ixoad. (Dawson.) Michi,>icotin Eiver, from Long Por- 
 tage to Lake Mattawagaming, north of Lake Superior. (/?. Bell.) 
 
24 
 
 GKOLOfllCAL 8URVKY OK CANAKA. 
 
 (2270.) I. Hookerl, Penny; Stolid. Nomon., 1840. ; 
 
 /<n(/(T.<f(/a, Hook. Fl. II., 20C. 
 
 /. Caurim, Hook., Fl. II., 20«. 
 
 Apparently peculiar to tho 8oa coast, and always found within 
 Iho limit of tho spray from tho sea. The writor is of opinion that 
 all allusions to f. versicolor, found on tlio coast, belong here. New 
 Harbor, Nevvfoundliind. (Eeo. A. Waghorne.) Wet bank above the sea, 
 Louisburg, Capo Hreton. (Burjess.) On tho sand bai-, South Sydney, 
 Capo Breton ; abundant along tho whole Gaspi^ coast, from Gaspd 
 Basin to Petit Metis. {Macoun.) Dalbousie, N.B. (y'7fc'/'r,'/ier.) Cacouna 
 and KamourasUii, (J. {Priwjle.) ^lingan Islands, St. Lawrence. 
 {St. Cjjr.) Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. {J. Jiichardson.) 
 Mingan Islands; and Ellis Bay, Anticosti. {VerrilL) 
 
 (2271.) I. tenax, Bougl. Hook., Kl. II., 206. 
 
 No Canadian specimen of this species has over fallen into our hands. 
 Newfoundland and New Brunswick. {Hooker, Fl.) In tho neighbor- 
 hood of Hull, near Ottawa; Determined by Dr. Vasoy. (Fletcher, Fl. 
 Ott.) Common on dry undulating grounds, from Cape Mendocino 
 to Puget's Sound, Noi'th West Coast. {Hooker, Fl.) We sti-ongly 
 8US})ect that tho eastci'n references belong to /, Virginica, but have 
 iio means of deciding. 
 
 (2272.) I. Virginica, Linn. Hook., PI. II., 206. 
 I. prismalka , Pursli, Fl. I., 30. 
 
 Chiefly in salt marshes along the coast. Abundant in meadows close 
 to the sea, Louisburg, Capo Breton, 1883. {Macoun. Burgess.) New 
 Brunswick. {Hooker, Fl.) Nova Scotian and New Brunswick col- 
 lectors should examine the salt marshes and meadows near the coast 
 for Iris tridentata and 1. Virginica, as there is no doubt of their wide dis- 
 tribution in tho maritime provinces. 
 
 (2273.) I. lacustriS, Nutt. Gray, Man. Ed. Y., 517. 
 
 Sandy thickets close to the beach at Chicken and Eed Bays, Bruce 
 Peninsula, Lake Huron, 1871. {Macmin.) Very abundant in sandy 
 thickets along Lake Huron at Southampton, Ont. {Burgess.) 
 
 (2274.) I. Sibirica, Linn. Eothr. Alask, 456. 
 
 Norton and Kotzobuo Sound, Alaska. {Itothr. Alask.) We know 
 nothing of this species. 
 
CATALOdUK OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 25 
 
 604. 8I8YRINCHIUM, Linn. Gon. 1017. (BLUE-EYED GRASS) 
 
 (2275.) S. anceps, Cav. Pm-Hh, Fl. f., :{1; Hook., F\. II., 207. 
 
 .S. Jitnnudianii, Mii-lix., ¥\. I., ;5;?. 
 
 S. JieriiiudiaiHi, Linn. Xar. ann-p^. Gray, Man. Ivl. V., r)17. 
 
 Very common, oilher undoi- this form or tlio noxt, trom tho Afliiiitic 
 to the Pucitic. Ah the ucxt is tho coinnioncr foiiii, wo place all general 
 reforeiu'os to (S. Bennudiana nudur it and only record here the spo' i- 
 mcns wo have seen. Newfoundland to the Saskatchewan. (Ifooker, Ft.) 
 New Karbor, Newfoundland. {.Tier. A. WiKjhorne.) Amherst Island 
 Ma;^dalen Islands, N.S. (./. Iti chard son.) Coast of Gaspd, Q., and at 
 Belleville, Ont. (Afiwoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) 
 Ivitaman River, Kootanio Valley, Ilocky ^lountains. (Dawson.) 
 Doiuild, Columbia Valley, B.t.'. (Mitcoun.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alas/i.) 
 
 (2276.) 8. mucronatum, Micbx. Fl. 1., :}3; Hook., Fl. TI.,206. 
 S. liirtintdidna, Linn. \'iir. mvcronatum, Gray, Man. Ed. V^., ."jl?. 
 
 Pett}' Harbor, Newfoundland. (E. Bell.) Windsor, Halifax and 
 Pictou, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Wet meadows, Louisburi^, Capo Breton. 
 {Macomi.) Meadows at Sherbrooko, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) 
 Among grass, everywhere, Now Brunswick. (Fowler, Cat.) Through, 
 out (^uebecand Ontario, and extending to Hudson Bayou tho north, ami 
 including the prairie region, the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia 
 and Vancouver Island. All collectors thioughout this immense region 
 bavo met with it, aiul although it takes the form of Var. albidum 
 on the prairies, and becomes more scabrous and taller on Vancouver 
 Island, there are no constant characters to .separate it into varieties. 
 
 (2277.) 8. Californicum, Ait. Hort. Kcw. (Fd. 1) IV., 135. 
 S- lincatum, Torrey, Pacif. Ry. Rep., IV., 143. 
 
 Abundant along tho shores of Shawnagin Lake; Home Luke, near 
 Qualicum; and Sproat Lake, near Albei-ni, Vancouver Island, 1887. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 2278.) 8. grand iflorum, Dougl. Hook., Fl. II., -207. 
 
 A most lovely flower and one of the earliest; on dry mossy rocks, 
 amongst oaks in the southern part of Vancouver Island, especially at 
 Victoria and Cedar Hill. (Dawson, Fletcher, Macoun.) 
 
GEOLOOIOAL SURVEY dP CANADA. 
 
 CVI. AMARYLLIDACEiE. Amaryllis Family. 
 
 606. HYPOXI8, Linn. Gon. 417. (STAR-GRASS) 
 
 (22790 H. erecta, Linn. Pursh, Fl. I., 224; Hook., Fl. II., 207. 
 H. C(/ro/in(((n»m, Michx., Fl. I., 188. 
 MeadowH^anil grassy woodlandrf. Not common, oastward. Sandy- 
 meadow near Trenton station, and in a meadow near the P^crry House, 
 opposite Helioville, Ilastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Prince's Island, near 
 Hamilton, Ont. (JjO(jie.) Sandy woodland, Hatchlcy, Ont. ; also bor- 
 ders of woods. Emerson, Map. (^Biiri/flss.) Very abundant on the prairio 
 at Brandon and the country around the Brandon Hills and westward 
 (Macoun.) South of Moose Mountain, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 North Antler Creek, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) 
 
 CVH. DI0SC0REACE7K Yam Family. 
 
 606. DIOSCOREA, Linn. Cion. 1122. (YAM) 
 
 (2280.) D. Villosa, Linn. Pursh, Fl. L, 251; Hook., Fl. IL, 207. 
 D. paniadata, JJichx., Fl. I., 239. 
 Very rare in Canada. Only found west of Toronto. Marsh near 
 Dundas, Ont. (Buchan.) Thickets on river bank, London, Ont. 
 (Burgess. Alillman.) 
 
 CVIIL LILIACK.E. Lily Family. 
 
 607. SMILAX, Linn. Gen. 1120. (GREEN-BRIER) 
 
 (2281.) 8. quadrangularis, Pursh, PI. L, 251. 
 
 S. rolwuiifolia, var. qnadranyxtlariH, Gray, Man. Ed. V.,519. 
 S.rotundif olio, Linn. Hook., Fl. II., 172; Pursh, Fl. I., 250. 
 S. cavduca, Pursh, fl. I., 250. 
 
 Thickets in damp woods on Pelee Point, Lake Erie, 1882. (Macoun.) 
 Low woods near Leamington, Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
CATALOairE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. -7 
 
 (2282.) 8. hisplda, MuM., Cut. 07. 
 
 Low Hwnmpv woods iint {•<»mnion, oii.Htwanl. Altiiiulant in hlticU ash 
 Hwanips in many parts of Hustings Co. ; borders of Cold (!irok, 
 Brighton, and along llio Tront abovo Campbell ford, and in woods west 
 of Nowconib'H Mills, Criunaho, Nortliumbt-rland Co., Ont. (Macoun) 
 Vicinity' of Hamilton, Ont. (Loijie.) Low woods and thickets at 
 London and Owon Sound, Out. {Bunjesn.) Port Dover, liaUo Ei-ie, 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (228:1) 8. herbacea, Linn. Michx., R L, 238; Piirsh, Kl. L, 25L 
 
 S. pedunnilarif, Miilil. Hook.,Fl. II., 173; Tursli, Fl. I., 251. 
 S. pulnrulenta, Mit-hx., Fl. I., 238. 
 S, lamonewon, Hook., Fl. II., 173. 
 
 Eathcr common in rich woods and thickets. Rothesay and Frcdoric- 
 ton ; rather common along the St. .lohii River, St. llilaii'e, N.H. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Montical Mountain, 1821. {Dr. Holmes.) (iueboc and 
 Island of Orleans. {Thomas.) Ste. Anne de la POrado, ChamplainCo., 
 Q. (<Si^ Cyr.) Devil's Jliver, on sand climbing over bushes, 
 Argonteuil Co., Q. {D' Urban.) River banks and on islands at 
 Ottawa. {Fletcher, FL Ott.) Thickets urounil Prescott, Ont., and 
 northward; common. {Billini/s.) Borders of fields west of Hamilton, 
 Ont. {Lofjie.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. {liurtjess. Milhnan.) 
 Borders of fences at Castleton and Ikdleville, Ont. ; common ; also 
 15 miles up the Kaminisliqua, west of liuko Superior; in thickets 
 along the Assiniboine River, west of Portage la Prairie, Man. 
 {Macoun.) Thickets at Emerson, on the Red River, Man. {Bunjeas.) 
 Canada to Lake Winnipeg and Red JJiver, and west to Fort Carleton, 
 on the Saskatchewan. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 608. ASPARAGUS, Linn. Gen. 424. (ASPARAGUS) 
 
 (2284.) A.opiMCiNALis, Linn. Pursh, F1.L,235. (Cardcn Asparagus.) 
 
 A garden escape in a number of localities. Waste places around 
 Ottawa. {Fletcher, FL Ott.) Waste places at London, Ont. {Burjess. 
 Millman.) Burlington Beach, near Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan. Bunjess.) 
 Waste heaps, and growing in a piece of woods near Belleville, Ont. ; 
 also at Victoria and Nanairao, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) 
 
28 
 
 (lEoLOaiCAIi SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 609. POLYCONATUM, Adans. (SOLOMON'S SEAL) 
 
 (2285.) P. biflorum, HII. Gmy, Man. Ed. V., 531. 
 
 I', multljtoruin, Donf. Hook., I'l. II., 170, in pint. 
 
 /'. (tugmtif (ilium, auinUndntuvi, pu>i(H'ivx, hirtiim, lati/nliiim niul mulli- 
 
 Jlorum, I'tireli, Fl. I., 2:}4-235. 
 Conntllarlu mullijlora, Miclix., Fl. I., 202. 
 
 IJnther common in rich woodlundw an<l l)y fbticoH. Near Halifax, 
 N.S. (Latrson.) Not rare, Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Tniro, Annapolis, 
 and Windnor, N.S. (Macoun.) Fi-edericton ; St. Stoplion; common 
 at Salmon Jiivor and Andovcr ; St. Fiancin and Upper St. John, N.B. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) iHland of Orleans. (St. Ci/r.) In rich wood.n at lUviOsro 
 du Loup, H. (Thomas.) Abundant in rocky woods, Argentouil Co., Q. 
 (D' Urban.) Montreal Mountain, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) liich woods, 
 vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher., Fl.Ott.) i{ich woods, common at Pros- 
 cott, Ont. (lulling^.) Komptvillc, Ont. (Porter.) Hich low woods, 
 voiy common throughout central Ontario. (Macoun.) Common ut 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Lo(jie.) Rich wooded banks at London ; and Parry 
 Sound, Georgian Bay. (Buryess.) JTilton, near Wiarton, Ont. (./. Bell.) 
 Woods at Owen Sound, and in woods up the Kaministiqua, west of 
 Lake Superior. (Macoun.) 
 
 <2286.) P. giganteum, Dietr. Gray, Man. Kd. V., 53L 
 
 p. l(tiifolitnn,\siT. commiUalum, Bakor, .lourn. Linn,, Soc. XIV., 555, 
 
 chiefly. 
 P. rmdtijiorum, Hook., Fl H., 17(), in part. 
 
 Confined to woslern Ontario and westward. Running's farm, near 
 Niagara, and at Ainhorstburgh, Detroit Elver, Ont. ; also at Portage 
 la Prairie, Man. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont., and in thickets 
 at Emerson, Man. (Buryess. Millman.) Along the Saskatchewan, 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 610. STREPTOPUS, Michx. Fl. L, 200. (TWISTED-STALK) 
 
 (2287 ) 8. amplexifolius, DC. Fl. Fran. IIL, 174. 
 
 S. distortus, Michx., Fl. I., 200. Hook., Fl. II., 173. 
 
 S. amplexicavlin, Poir. Baker, Journ. Linn., Soc. XIV., 591. 
 
 In cool ravines and deep shade, along mountain brooks; not com- 
 mon anywhere, but extending across the continent to Vancouver 
 Island. Labi-adoi-. (Bulltr.) Windsor and Pictou, N.S. (Sonwiers, Cat.) 
 
CATALOaUE OV CANADIAN I'I,ANT8. 
 
 20 
 
 Shiuly rftvincH at Truro imd IMratcH Cdvo, N.S. ; also in a ravine at 
 Wiiyooc'oi^niali, (.'apo Bioton. {Macoun.) ivont and Xortlmmljoiland 
 CoV. ; Cainpboilton ; Lancaster; rather coinii.on at Salmon JJivor, 
 Tobiqiio, and IJald MounlainK, N.IJ. (Fouler, Cat.) Common on Anti- 
 coHti and aU>u^ llio (iuHj)e coaHt.andon (lio nlopen of Mount Allierl, *.}. 
 (Mdcoun.) Minj^an Islandn, and JHland ot'Urleans, St. Lawronco River, 
 {St. Cijr.) ItivlO'ro du Loup, C^. {'J'hoinas.) In great aliundanco in nioi«t 
 places in wooda, Argonteuil Co., (J. {D'llrhun) Damp \voo<ls, Nipi^,'on, 
 I'ic and Current rivor.s, Lake Superior. {Macnun.) (irand Marais, Lake 
 Sujjorior, and up tiio Micliipicolin Jlivor, nortli ol llio lake. (A'. lielL) 
 Hilton, near Wiarton, Unt. (./. Bell.) I'orcupino Mountain, Man. 
 {Maccun.) Lake -Mistassini, N.IO.T. {J. M. Macoun.) South Kootanio 
 PaHH and Michtd (!reek, Hocky MounlaiuH. ( Dawson.) Common in 
 wot tiiicketH from Morloy westward tliroiigli the Hocky, and Selkirk 
 mountains; not uncommon along mountain streams at (Joldsti-eam, 
 Nanaimo, and Qualicum, Vancouver Ishuul. (Alwoun.) Yale, and in 
 the mountains at Sponce's Bridge, B.C. {Fletcher.) Fort Wrangel, 
 Sitka. {Meehnn.) Sitka and Ounalashk.i. {Rothr. Alask) From 
 Newfoundland and Hudson Bay to the Hocky Mountains, and thence 
 to the Columbia and north to Fort McLaughlin and Sitka. {/£uol:er, Fl.) 
 Greenland. {Lamjc.) 
 
 (2288.) 8. roseus, Michx., Fl. I., 201 ; Pursh, Fl. L, 232; Hook., 
 Fl. IL, 173. 
 
 Abundant in drier woods than the j)receding, but scarce on the 
 Pacific slope. Labrador. {Butler.) Windsor, Halifax, Pictou and 
 Canso, Guysboro Co., N.S. {Sommers, Cat.) Very common in the 
 northern counties; also in St. John and King's Co's., N. !}. {Fowler, 
 Cat.) Campbellton, N.B. {C/ialmers.) In woods at Ti-uro and Anna- 
 Doliw, N.S. ; also at Salt Lake, Anticosti, and common in woods along 
 the Gasp(5 coast. {Macmin.) Glenelg, tJuysboro ('o., N.S. {Faribault). 
 Anticosti and at Ouatchechou, (). {St. Cyr.) Woods at Hiviiire 
 du Loup, (I. {Thomas.) Abundant in rocky woods, Argenteuil 
 Co., Q. {D' Urban.) Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common anmnd 
 Prescott, Ont. {Billin<js.) Kemptville, Ont. {Porter.) Common 
 in low rich woods throughout central Ontario. {Macoun.) Vicin- 
 ity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logie.) [{ich woods, I'arry Sound, Georgian 
 Bay. {Bunjess.) Owen Sound and Hilton, Ont. {J. Bell.) 
 Opposite Gros Cap, Lake Superior, and up the Michipicotin River, 
 north of the lake. {It. Bell.) Woods up the Kaministiijua and 
 Dawson road, Port Arthur ; also in woods, Nipigon River, Lake 
 Superior. (Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. {J. M. Macoun.) 
 South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, and on the Skagit River, B.C. 
 
w^g^SBOBBmB^ 
 
 I 
 
 30 
 
 GKOLOGIOAL SUEVEY OP CANADA, 
 
 (Dauson) Not observed in the Rocky Mountainn, but detected in 
 Beaver Creek valley, near the Selkirk summit. (Macoun.) Goose 
 Ci-eek Mountains, live miles from Keithly. Cariboo, B.C. ; 5,800 feet 
 alt. {Bowman.) Lake Lindeman, lat. 60°. (Schwatka.') From Lake 
 Huron to the Saskatchewan, and on the North West coast from the 
 Columbia to lat. 58". {Hooker, FL) 
 
 61). 8MILICINA, Desf. (FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL) 
 
 <2289.) S. Stellate, Desf. Pursh, Fl. I., 233 ; Hook., Fl. II., 176. 
 
 Corcd'aria sUllala, Miclix., Fl. L, 202. 
 Very common in low moist woods, along streams, and in meadows. 
 Labrador. (Butler.) Pictou and Truro, N.S. (Sovimers, Cat.) Common 
 on St. Paul's Island, Magdalen Islands, and Newfoundland. {McKay.) 
 Damp woods at Ti-uroand Pirate's Cove, N.S. {Macoun.) Moist banks, 
 Kouchibouguac ; intervales, Salmon Eivcr ; St. John River, Kenne- 
 beccasis ; Potitcodiac ; Cedar Brook, on the Tobique ; Indian Falls, 
 Nopisiquit River, N.B. {Foider, Cat.) Metapediac, Restigouche Co., 
 N.B. {Chalmers) Salt Lake, Anticosti, and in the valley of the Ste. 
 Anne des Monts River, GaspcJ, {Macoun.) Island of Orleans and 
 Mirgan River, St. Lay^rcnce River. {St. Cyr.) Riviere du Loup, Q. 
 {Thomas.) Savanne, near Montreal, 1821. {Dr. Holmes) Montreal 
 Mountain. {Porter.) On sand along the River Rouge, Argenteuil 
 Co., Q. {D' Urban.) Dow's swamp and other localities at Ottawa. 
 {Fletcher, Fl. Ott ) Swamps and low intervales along streams, abun- 
 dant in central Ontario. {3facoun.) Rare in woods at Prescott, 
 Ont. {Billings.) Prince's Island near Hamilton, Ont. {Logie.) 
 Mississaqul, Drummond, and Cockburn islands, Georgian Bay. {J. Bell.) 
 Sandy thickets at Toronto, low woods at London, Ont. ; Parry Sound, 
 Georgian Bay, and in the Rod River valley at Emerson, Man. 
 {Burgess.) North shore of Lake Superior. {Agassiz.) Up the Kami- 
 nistiqua River, west of Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Moose Factory, 
 James Bay. {Cottar & Dr. Hayden.) Charlton Island, James Bay; 
 Lake Winnipeg and eastward down the Severn River to Hudson Bay; 
 also on Moose Mountain, Assiniboia. {J. M. Macoun.) In a thicket at 
 Pembina Mountain, Man. ; near Belly River and on the North Fork of 
 Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. {Dawson.) In moist thickets on the 
 Assiniboine, at Portage la Piairie and Brandon ; abundant in moist 
 meadows and grassy places from the vicinity of Morley through tho 
 Rocky Mountains to Donald in the Columbia valley. {Macoun.) From 
 Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan, and from Hudson Bay to tho 
 Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
OATALOGITE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 31 
 
 <2290.) S. SeSSilifolia, Nutt. in herb. "Wntsoi. Proced. Am. Acad. 
 XIV., 245 (1879). 
 
 S. Ktellata, Hook., Fl. II., 17G,in part. 
 
 Torarin semlifolia, Baker, .lourn. Linn., Soc. XIV., 566. 
 
 This species takes the phvce of S. stellata west of the Coast Range 
 as all our specimens from the west coast are of this species. Fiaser 
 River valley at Yale, BC. ; also quite common in the valleys of rivers 
 and along brooks, at Victoria, Cedar Ilill, Goldstream and northward, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Near Victoria, Vancouver Island 
 (Fletcher.) North West coast. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2201.) S. racemosa, Desf. Pursh, ¥\. I., 233 ; Hook., Fl. IT., 176, 
 in part. 
 
 S. ci7iV(<rt, I'lirali, Fl. I., 232. ' . 
 
 ConcuZtortd rnccrnosf/, Michx., n. I., 202. 
 
 Rich woods, not infrequent. Dartmouth, Halifax, Bedford, Pictou 
 and Truro, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Truro and Straits of Canso, N.S. 
 {Macoun.) Bass River; Wolsford ; and Nere])is Valley, N. B. (Fou- 
 ler, Cat.) Campbellton, N.B. {Chalmers.) Island of Orleans. (St. Ci/r.) 
 (iomin's woods, Quebec. (Tliomas.) Montreal Mountain, 1821. (Dr. 
 Holmes.) Abundant in rocky woods, Argentouil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) 
 McKay's bush and other localities near Ottawa. (Fletch'ir, Fl. Ott.) 
 Common around L'rescott, Ont. (BUliiujs.) Kemptville, Ont. (Porter.) 
 Common in rich woods throughout central Ontario. (Macoun.) In 
 woods, mountain side west of Hamilton, Ont. (Lotjie.) Low woods 
 at London; and Parr^* Sound, (ieoi'gian Bay. {Bur<je.<s.) Owen Sound, 
 Hilton, Gore Bay, and McLeod's Harbor, Georgian Ba^^. (J. Bell.) 
 Opposite Grand Island, Lake Superior. {R. Bell.) North shore of 
 Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Fifteen miles up the Kaministiqua River, 
 west of Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Throughout Canada to the 
 Saskatchewan. (Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2292.) S. amplexicauliS, Nutt. Journ. Philad. Acad. VH., 58. 
 
 iS. racemos'i, var. uvipltxicuulii^, Watson. Macoun, Cat., No. 1843. 
 
 S. racemnsa, Hook., Fl. II., 176, in part. 
 
 Tovaria racemosa, Baker, Journ. Linn., Soc. XIV., 570, in part. 
 
 Rather common in thickets and on beds of snow-slides, from Morley, 
 in the Rocky Mountains, to the summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.) 
 Cypress Hills, Alberta. (J. M. Macoun.) Michel Creek, Flathead River, 
 and Coldwater River, B.C. (Baicson.) North West coast. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Specimens from Goldstream and Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, although 
 referred here, are exactly like eastern S. racemosa. All the leaves are 
 more or less petioled, and had these specimens been found in the 
 Atlantic provinces they would bo referred to the preceding species. 
 
32 
 
 GEOLOaiCAL SDRVBV OP CANADA. 
 
 ;:ii 
 
 Mr. Jas. Plotchor describes his spocimons from Mt, Finlayson, Van- 
 couver Island, as having much larger leaves, more plaiteii, and flower 
 much more highly scented than eastern racemosa. {Mucoun.) 
 
 (2293.) 8. trifolia, Desf. Pursh; Fl. I., 233. Hook., Fl. JL, 175. 
 
 Conrallaria trifclui, Michx., Fl. I., 202. 
 
 Tovaria Irifolia, Baker, Journ. Linn., Soc. XIV., 565. 
 Abundant in swamps and wot woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Labrador. (Butler.) New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Re>}. A. WiKjhorne.) 
 Windsor, N.S. [How.) Pictou, N.S. (McKai/.) Swamps, near lEalifax, 
 N.S. {Macoun & liurgess.) Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 {J. Richardson.) Kouchibouguac, and Hudson's Brook, Kent Co. ; St. 
 John Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Swamps, Dalhousie, N.B. (Chalmers.) 
 Swamps, Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Mingan lliver and Island 
 of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) Swamps, Riviure du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) 
 Summit of Mount Albert, Gaspt'), Q. ; and Kemptville, Ont. (Porter,) 
 Dow's swamp and other peat bogs near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Off.) 
 Swamp north of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Cold peaty swamps 
 throughout central Ontario. (Macoun.) Marsh at Millgrove, near 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Peat bogs, London, and Blenheim, Ont. 
 (Bta-gess.) Bruce Mines, Hilton, Thompson Point, Gore Bay, and 
 McLeod's Harbor, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Swamps at Owen Sound 
 and west of Thunder Bay, and around Luke Nipigon, Ont. (Macoun.) 
 Missinaibi River, Ont. ; Lake Mistassini and down the Eupert Rivei-, 
 N.E.T. ; Lake Winnipeg and eastward down the Severn, Keowatin. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Opposite Gros Cap, Lake Superior; Nelson River 
 and Oxford House, Iveewatin. (M. Bell.) Observed in a spruce swamp 
 at the Kananaskis, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Swamps through- 
 out Canada, to Bear Lake and the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 612. MAIANTHEMUM, Wie;ger8. ("LILY OF THE 
 
 VALLEY") 
 
 (2294.) M. Canadense, Desf. Watson.Proced. Am. Acad. XIV. 247. 
 
 Smilicina bifoUa, Iloem. Hook., Fl. II., 17G, in part 
 ^. Oinademc, Pursh, Fl. I., 233. 
 S. bifvlia, var. Canadendu, Gray. Man., Ed. V., 530. 
 Convallaria hifolki, Michx., Fl. I., 201. 
 
 On dry hummocks and in cool woods, from the Atlantic to the 
 Rocky Mountains. Labrador. (Butler.) Brigus, Newfoundland. 
 (R. Bell.) New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Rev, A, Waghorne.) 
 ]*ictou, N.S. (McKay.) Truro, N.S. (Chambers. Macoun.) New 
 Harbor, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Magdalen Islands, Gulf of 
 
OATALOaUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 33 
 
 St. Lawrence. (J. Richardson.) Truro, Halifax and (/'anso, N.S. 
 (Macoun & Burgess.) Very common throughout New Brunswick. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Woods, Salt Lake, 
 Anticosti; and along the whole peninsula of Gaspc', Q. (Macoun.) Ouat- 
 chechou, Champlain Co., and Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) Kich 
 woods, common at Rivii^re du Lnup, Q. (Thomas.) Montreal 
 Mountain, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Abundant in all woods near 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Woods, common at Pi-escott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Kemptvillo, Ont. (Porter.) Very abundant in cool woods 
 in central Ontario. (Mncoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) 
 Rich woods at London, Ont. (Bunjess. Millman.) Mississagui 
 Island and Cockburn Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Woods at 
 Owen Sound ; Nipigon Lake and River, and around the west side 
 of Lake Superior; and westward to Bi-andon, on the Assiniboine, 
 Man. (Macoun.) Emerson, Man. (Burgess. Millman.) Lake Mis- 
 tassini, N.E.T., and down the Rupert River to .lames Bay ; Mis- 
 sinaibi River, Ont. ; Lake Winnipeg and eastward down the Severn 
 River. (J. M. Macoun.) Opposite Gros Cap, Lake Superior ; north 
 end of Lake Winnipeg and down the Nelson River, and at Oxford 
 House, Keewatin. (B. Bell.) Sitka. (Meehan.) Throughout Canada 
 to Bear Lake, and from Hudson Bay and Newfoundland to the Rocky 
 Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 var 
 
 dilatatum, Wood. Proced. Phil 
 
 (2295.) M. bifolium, DC. 
 
 Acad. 174, (1868.) 
 
 Smilicina bifolia, Hook., Fl. II., 17(3, in part. 
 Apparently confined to the west coast of America. Queen Charlotte 
 Islands, B.C. (Dawson.) Common in low woods along small streams 
 at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, Beacon Hill and Oak Bay, near Victoria; 
 Nanaimo and Qualicum, and in the woods generally around Mount 
 Ai-rowsmith, Vancouvei- Island. (Macoun.) Fort Wi-angel, Sitka. 
 (Meehan.) Fort Simpson and .Sitka, on the North-west coast. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 613. HEMEROCAI.LI8, ILinn. Gen. 433. (DAY LILY) 
 
 (2296.) H. FULVA, Linn. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 535. 
 
 Occasionally escapes from gardens, in New Brunswick. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Waste places at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Quebec. (St. Cyr.) 
 Waste places, near London ; rare. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 3 
 
34 
 
 OBOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 614. BRODI^A, Smith. Trans. Linn. Soc. X., 2. 
 
 <2297.) B. grandiflora, Smith. Hook., Fl. II., 186. 
 Milla maritima, Macoun, Cat., No. 1869. 
 On sandy, rocky, or gravelly soil, in tl\e oak openings. Close to 
 the sea, on Fuller's farm, at Oak Bay ; and in numerous places on 
 rocky soil around Victoria and Cedar Hill ; abundant on ledges above 
 Departure Bay, and near the Half-way House, Nanaimo, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Cedar Hill, near Victoria, B.C. (Meehan. Fletcher.) 
 North West America and New Georgia. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2298.) B. Douglasii, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad. XIV., 237. 
 Tritclda grandiflora, Lindl. Hook., Fl. II., 186. 
 Milla grandiflora, Baker. Jonrn. Linn. Soc. ; Macoun, Cat., No. 1870. 
 
 In deep sand or in crevices of i-ocks; rare. Close to the sea at Oak 
 Bay. (Macoun.) Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2299.) B. lactea, AVatson. Procod. Am. Acad. XIV., 238. 
 
 B. grandiflora, Pursh, Fi. I., 223. 
 
 Hes^eroKCordon Lemsii, Hook., F\. II., 1S5. 
 
 Milla hijacinthina. Baker. Macoun, Cat. No. 1871. 
 
 Abundant by roadsides, along the borders of fields, by lakes, amongst 
 gravel, and on sand by the sea coast, from the vicinity of Victoria to 
 Nanaimo, Qualicum and Alberni, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Meelian. Fletcher.) North 
 West Americii. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 616. ALLIUM, Linn. Gen. 409. (ONION, GARLIC) 
 
 (2300.) A. tricoccum. Ait. Pursh, Fl. I., 223. 
 
 A. triflorum, Pursh, Fl. I., 223. 
 A. cemuum. Hook., Fl. II., 184. 
 
 Not very widely distributed but common in Ontario and western 
 Quebec, Hampton and Potitcodiac; Eel Eiver, Carleton Co., N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Abundant in moist places in woods, Argenteuil Co., Q. 
 (D'Urban.) McKay's woods and other places at Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Common in woods at Prescott, Out. (Billitujs.) Abundant 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 m 
 
 in central Ontario. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) 
 Rich woods, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Abundant in woods, 
 Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun. J. Bell.) Batch-ah-wah-nah Rivei-, 
 Lake Superior. (R. Bell.) Laiio Erie. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2301.) A. Schoenoprasum, Linn. Hook., Fl. II., 185. 
 
 Not uncommon in crevices of rooks along lakes and rivers. New- 
 foundland. (Dr. Morrison.) In beautiful clumps, with very bright 
 flowers, in meadows near the sea at Yarmouth, N.S. ; in the debris of 
 Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Pabinoau Falls on the Nepisl- 
 quit and Rothesay ; Nauwigewauk ; vor}' common along the Upper 
 St. John, Tobique and Eel Rivcr.s ; Indian Falls of Nepisiquit; Ham- 
 mond River, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Bathurst, N.B. {Mc Gill Coll. Herb.) 
 Island of Oi-leans, {St. Cyr.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) 
 Wet gravelly shore, Poi-t Arthur, liako Superioi-. (Burgess.) East 
 coast of Lake Nipigon, Current River, Thunder Bay, and east coast of 
 Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Missinaibi River, Ont., and Severn River, 
 Koewatin. (J. 31. Macoun.) Milk River flats, 41tth parallel. (Millman.) 
 River bank, Belly River, N. W. T. (Burgess.) Summit of Kootanie 
 Pass, Rockj' Mountains, and Flathead Rivei, B.C. (Dawson.) Rather 
 common along the Bow River, from Morloy westwai-d to Laggan, thence 
 along the Kicking Horse River to Donald, in the Columbia valley, B.C. 
 (Macoun.) Port CI aronce, Norton and Kolzebue sounds, and rapids of 
 the Yukon. (Rothr. Alask.) Francis River, lat. 61°, and Yukon 
 River, lat. 63° (Dawson.) Throughout the wooded country to Bear 
 Lake, and to the pi-airies of the Rooky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2302.) A. cernuum, Roth. Pur.sh, F). n.,732 ; Hook., Fl. II., 184. 
 A. stellalum, Hook., Fl. II , 184, in part. 
 Abundant in the western part of the prairie region, and westward to 
 Vancouver Island. Low open prairio, Turtle Mountain and Short 
 Creek, Man. (Burgess.) Souris River, Man. (Millman.) Lake of 
 thowoodi^; West Butte, 49th parallel; South Kootanie Pas.s, Wild 
 Horse Creak, Kootanie Valley, North Fork of Old Man River, 
 Rocky Mountains; Gatcho Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Blackfoot Cross- 
 ing, Bow River, Alberta; near Dunvcifan, Peace River, lat. 56^; 
 rather common on grassy slope^t from Moi-Ioy westward to Castle 
 Mountain and thence to the Columbia valley at Donald, where it is 
 abundant; on dry slopes at Spence's Bridge, and Lytton, B.C.; 
 grassy places neai- Victoria ; on the slopes of Mount Finhiyson ; woods 
 near Departure Baj' ; very abun(iant at Qualicum and Alberni, and 
 along mountain slopes, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Nootka, where 
 the bulbs are used as an esculent. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
■^r- 
 
 36 
 
 UEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 (2303.) A. Canadense, Kalm. Michx., Fl. I., 194 j Pmsh, Fl. I.^ 
 223 ; Hook., Fl. II., 185. 
 Along river banks, rather rare. Montreal Island, above Nun's Island, 
 1821. {Dr. Holmes.) Along the Moira, at the paper mill, Belleville, 
 Hastings Co. ; Meyer's Island, in the Trent, above Meyersburg, Nor- 
 thumberland Co. ; Massassaga Point, Bay of Quinte, Prince Edward 
 Co.; Colchester, Essex Co., Ont. (Macoun.) River I)ank, London, 
 Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 (2304.) A. reticulatum, Fraser. Hook., Fl. il., 184. 
 A. angulomm, Pursh, Fl. I., 223. 
 Bather common on dry gravelly slopes in some parts of the prairie 
 cijjion. Open prairie. Turtle Mountain, Man. {Burgess. Millman.') 
 ■ -^0 /aw Creek, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun,) Abundant on gravel 
 ■' dj^'os and slopes along the Assiniboine Rivor, at Bmndon, and on 
 ri'ig i ilont;- the Qu'Appelle Valley, near Fort Ellice, Man. (Mdcoun.) 
 ^adg' • i-, 49th parallel, and Milk River Ridge, Alberta. {Dawson.') 
 
 Coipir. ^ ■' • ■ filly hillside, Stoney Reserve, Morley, Rocky Moun- 
 
 tains. {MA'ajuu.' Wooded country, especially about Cai-leton House, 
 Saskatchewan River. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2305.) A. Ceyeri, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad., "Vol. VI., 229. 
 A. reticulatum, Var. ,i. Watson, Bot. King's Rep., V., 486. 
 A few poor specimens of this were gathered near Beacon Hill, 
 Victoria, Vancouver Island, in 1875, and referred to A. reticulatum. 
 Fine fruiting specimens were observed at Oak Bay, near the same 
 place, ISSt. (Macoun.) Cadboro Bay, near Victoria, 1885. {Fletcher.) 
 
 (2306.) A. acuminatum, Hook., Fl. II., 184. 
 
 A very beautiful and common species in numerous localities in the 
 southern part of Vancouver Island. On dry ground near Victoria. 
 (Fletcher. Meehan.) Yale, B.C. {J. A. Hill.) Abundant on rocks 
 around Cedar Hill ; at Mount Finlayson, and along the coast from 
 Victoria to Nanaimo, where it is common ; on dry ledges near 
 Departure Bay, at Qualicum and on the rocks along the Alberni 
 canal, on the west coast. {Macount^ Mary Island, Gulf of Georgia. 
 {Dawson.) Plentiful at Nootka Sound. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2307.) A. Stellatum, Fraser. Hook., Fl. II., 184, in part. 
 
 A rather rare and obscure species, occasionally recorded from the 
 prairie region. Rat Portage, Ont. {Prof. Fowler.) On the prairie 
 aouth of the Touchwood Hills, at Pheasant Mountain and on the 
 
CATAI,0(iUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 87 
 
 Cypress Hills, Alberta. (Macoun.) High Bluff, Man. (McGill Coll. 
 Herb.) Plains of the Saskatchowan. (/looker, Fl.) Boston liar, below 
 Lytton, B.C. {Fletcher.) Sponce's Bridge, B.C. (/I. J. Hill.) 
 
 (2^08.) A. Hey\\, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad., Vol. VI., 231. 
 A, relicvlalum, Hook., Fl. II., 184, in part 
 Abundant in a few localities. This species throws up leaves early 
 in spring, but does not flower until alter the middle of June, when it 
 is in perfection. Abundant in a field near the base of Cedar Hill, and 
 in some profusion on rocky ground near Cloverdale, close to Victoria; 
 Cf)mmon on i-ocky ledges, at the Tlalf Way House, four miles from 
 Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Nootka. (Ffooher, Fl.) 
 
 (2309.) A. Vancouverense. 
 
 Abundant on the summit of Mount Arrowsraith, alt, 5,9Tt> feet. It 
 glows in crevices of rocks and bursts into flower as soon as the 
 snow disappears ; July 17th, 1887. Dr. Watson, to whom this species 
 has been submitted, believes it to bo new. The bulbs have been planted 
 at our Experimental Farm, and the species will be fully described next 
 year. The specimens obtained were too j'oung for correct deter- 
 mination but the species is near A. falci folium. 
 
 616. CAMASSIA, Lindl. (CAMASS) 
 
 (2310.) C. Fraseri, Torr. Pacif. K. Rep., IV., U7. 
 Scilla Fraseri, Gray, Man., Ed. V., 533. 
 Apparently raro in Ontario. White Island, in the Detroit River, 
 opposite Amhei'stburgh, 1882. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2311.) C. esculenta, Lindl. Hook., Fl. 11., 18G. 
 
 Fhalangium Quamash, Pursli. Fl. I., 22(J. 
 Veiy abundant in all rich soils, and even in cultivated fields and 
 meadows, throughout the southern part of Vancouver Island. It be- 
 comes less common as the oak disappears, but at Qualicum and Alberni 
 it is still in profusion in open spots. {Macoun. Fletcher. Dawson.) 
 North West America. {Hooker, Fl.) By following the plough in the 
 autumn, when the stubble is being turned over, many fine bulbs can be 
 collected. It is not so much eaten now as formerly, as the Indians 
 have better food since the advent of the whites. 
 
 (2312.) C. Leichtlinii, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad. Vol. XII., 376, 
 C. esculenta, var. Leichtlinii, Baker. Bot. Mag., t 6287. 
 C. esculenta, var fi- florihus albua. Hook., Fl. II., 186 
 Chlorogalum Leichllinii, Baker, Gard. Chron., 689, (1874.) 
 Occasionally met with, growing in company with the preceding 
 
38 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SLR\ EY OF CANADA. 
 
 species. On King's Faim, at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, 1884. (Fletcher. Hilt.) 
 The specimens referred hero are exactly like those of SuUsdorf, upon 
 which the species was founded by "Watson. We have both white and 
 blue flowered specimens. 
 
 617. LILIUM, Linn. Gen. 410. (LILY) 
 
 (2313.) L. Philadelphicum, Linn. Hook., Fl. II., 181; Pursh, 
 
 Fl. r., 229. 
 
 L. wnhcllahim, Pursii, Fl. I., 229. 
 
 Rather common in westei-n Ontario, but moi-e so throughout the 
 prairie region. McKay's woods and other localities near Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Thickets near the Grand Trunk gravel pit, at 
 Prescott, Ont. (fiillinr/St) On gravel banks and ridges, and along the 
 rocky banks of rivers, and over the whole extent of llice Lake Plains, 
 Ont. (Macoun.) East Flamboro, near Hamilton, Ont. (Lo'jie.) 
 Sandy woodlands near London; Point Aux Pins, Lake Erie, Ont. 
 (Burgess.) CocUburn Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Very abundant 
 along the north shove of Lake Supeiior, on exposed rocks, and along 
 Poplar Eiver, Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Down the Missinaibi River 
 to Moose Factory, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) Nelson River, and at 
 Oxford House, Keewatin. (R. Bell.) Open prairie at Emerson, Man. 
 (Burgess.) Red Eiver, Man., plentiful ; near Pincher Creek, and between 
 the north and middle fork of the Old Man River, foot-hills, Rocky Moun- 
 tains. (Dawson.) Portage la Prairie, .Man. (McGillColl. Herb.) Calgavy, 
 Alberta. (St. Cijr.) Abundant on the prairies from Winnipeg to 
 Moose Jaw, and westward to Canmore, in the Rocky Mountains, 
 appearing again at Donald, in the Columbia Valley, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 Neighborhood of Calgary. (Prof. Fowler.) Portage la Loche, lat. 
 57°. (Back.) Lake Huron and throughout Canada to the Saskatche" 
 wan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. ? 
 
 Probably an albino, petals pale yellow, not spotted; more narrowly 
 lanceolate with longer claws. Near Turtle Mountain, on the open 
 prairie, 49th parallel; rare. (Dawson.) Badger Creek, Man. (Burgess.) 
 
 (2314.) L. Canadense, Linn. Hook., Fl. II., 181; Pursh, Fl. L, 
 229; Michx., Fl. I., 198. 
 
 L. pardalmum, var. Boimjiei, Baker. .Tourn. Linn. Soc, XIV., 242. 
 Common eastward, but i-athor rare to the west. Not uncommon, 
 Pictou Co., N. S., and Cape Breton. (McKay.) Truro and Col- 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 39 
 
 Chester, N.S. ; Whycocogmnli, Cape Breton. (Sommers, Cat.) Low 
 meadows between New Glnsgow and Port Mulgravo, N.S. ; in low in- 
 tervales at Whycocograah, Capo Breton. {Macoun.) Common in 
 meadows at Caledonia, (luysboro Co., N S. (Faribault.) Batlmrst, 
 N.B. (McGill Coll, Herb.) Common on intervales and moist mea<low8, 
 New Brunswick. {Fowler, Cat.) On the flats along the lower part of 
 the Metapedia Elver, (-1. {Macouii.) St. Anno de la Pdrade, Q- 
 (St. Cyr.) Beauport, near Quebec. (Thovias.) Laprairie, near Mon- 
 treal, J.821. (Dr. Holmes.) In meadows along the Grand Trunk 
 Kailway, between Cobourg and Port Hope, Ont. [Macoun.) Low 
 shady place at London ami Blenheim, Ont. ; very common. (Buryess.) 
 Right bank of Rainy Eiver, below Fort Francis, 1872. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2315) L. Carolinianum, Michx. M. !., 197. 
 
 L. CanudenKc, var. superbum, Ehves., Mon. Lil. t. 21. 
 L. .ntpcrbum, Linn. Hook., Fl. II., 181 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 230; Macoun Cat, 
 Xo. 1853. 
 
 Rich low grounds, western Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Logie.) Moist grounds half a mile west of London, Ont. (Saunders.) 
 A specimen in our herbarium, collected by Dr. Burgess, near London, 
 in 1879, approaches this species very closely, both in its revolute 
 perianth and almost perfectly smooth leaves. Mi-. .Tames Fletcher, 
 botanist to the Experimental Farm at Ottawa, has grown Lilium Caro- 
 linianum from bulbs purchased in the United States, together with 
 the form here referred to, L. Carolinianum. He believes that our own 
 form is dii!'erent trom both L. Carolinianum and L. Canadense and sug- 
 gests that Klwes' name should belong to it. It is extremely probable 
 that his view is the correct <uie. 
 
 (2316.) L. Columbianum, Hanson. Baker, Linn. Soc. Journ., 
 XIV., 243. 
 
 L. Canadense, V AT. parvifoi'um, Hook., Y\. 11., 181. 
 L. purvum, KeW. Macoun, Cat. No. 1854. 
 L. Philudelphimm,\ar. i Hook,, Fl. II., 181. 
 
 Abundant in some localities ; generally on dry gravelly soil. Whipsaw 
 Creek, B.C. {Daivson.) Veiy common at Victoria, Vancouver Island, 
 (J. Richardson. Fletcher.) On gi-avelly soil throughout the oak openings 
 in the southern part of Vancouver Island ; common at Nanaimo and 
 near the Wellington Mines ; on old sea beaches of gravel and shells at 
 Qualicum, at Hoine Lake, in the interior, .ind Alberni on the west 
 coast. (Macoun.) # 
 
40 
 
 CiEOLOOrCAI. SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 618. FRITILLARIA, Linn. Gon. 411. (FRITILLARIA) 
 
 619. 
 
 (2317) F. Kamtsohatoensis, Kev. Hook., Fl. II., 181. 
 
 Tho spocimoriH referred here are much taller find Htoutor than the 
 next species, and, as far as I am aware, are confined to the proximity of 
 the sea. The number of flowers varies fiom two to four, and they are 
 US' illy of a dull purple. The first whorl of loaves is generally foui-, 
 but tho next usually has five. Abundant on grassy banks within the 
 influence of spring tides at tho mouth of the Nanaimo Eiver, a little 
 below tho now bridge; occasional specimens at (lordon Head, four 
 miles from Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Vic- 
 toria, 1876. (Daivson.) Sitka, Ounalashka, and Cape Prince of Wales. 
 {Rothr. Alask.) North-west coast, on tho beach ; Observatory Inlet to 
 Stikine River. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 i! 
 
 :it 
 
 w 
 
 (2318.) F. lanceolata, Pursh, Fl. I., 230; Hook., Fl. II., 181. 
 
 Very abundant on dry gravelly soil in some localities on the West 
 Coast. Above Lytton, on the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson.) In pro- 
 fusion at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 Very common throughout the oak woods and rocky, mountainous places 
 from Victoria to Nanaimo and north to Qualicum, where it is especially 
 abundant near the sea ; and across the island to Alberni. (Macoun.) 
 Nootka Sound. (Menzies.) 
 
 Var. floribunda, Benth. On dry ground. King's Farm, and at 
 Cadboro Bay, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2319. F. pudica, Spreng. Hook., Fl. II., 182. 
 
 Lilium (f)pudicum, Pursh, Fl. I., 228. 
 
 Not uncommon at Fort McLeod and Lethbridge, Alberta. The only 
 knownstationseastof the Rocky Mountains. {N. H. Cowdry.) Appai'- 
 ently very rare in British Columbia. Collected on the mountain t^lopes 
 along the Thompson River, at Lytton, B.C. (Macoun.) In abundsnce, 
 with Oalochortus macrocarpus, on the slope opposite Lytton station, and 
 at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) 
 
OATALOaUE OF CANAIJIAN PLANTS. 
 
 41 
 
 610. ERYTHRONIUM, 
 
 VIOLET) 
 
 Gon. 4U. Linn. (DOG'S TOOTH 
 
 (2320.) E. Amerlcanum, Smith. Hook., Fl. H., 182. 
 
 E. Denscanis, Michx., Fl. 198. « 
 
 E. lanceolatum, Pureli, Fl. I., 230. 
 
 Very aliund ant in rich woods tin oughout Ontario. Not common at 
 I'ictou, N.S. {McKay.) Colchester Co., N.S. {Sonmers, Cut.) Hudson's 
 Brook, Kent Co.; abundant at Frodoricton; near St. John and at Nor- 
 ton, on the KonncbeccaaiH, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Biithiirst, N,B. (McGill 
 Coll. Herb.) Sillery, Q. (St. Cyr.) Abundant in rich woods, Eivifiro du 
 Loup, Q. {Thomas.) Common along the Eou^o River, Argenteuil Co., 
 (i. {D' Urban.) Montreal Mountain, 1821. {Dr. Holmes.) A'^ery com- 
 mon around Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Rich woods, common at 
 Prescott, Ont. {Billint/s.) Very common in woods throughout central 
 Ontario. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan.) Rich 
 woods, London, Ont. Parry Sound, fJeorgian Bay. {Bunjess.) Woods, 
 Owen Sound, Ont. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2321.) E. albidum, Nutt. Gen. L, 223. 
 
 Apparently rare in Ontario. Abundant in a rich low wood, two 
 miles east of Belleville, between the Grand Trunk Railwaj' and the 
 BayofQuinte, 1878. {Macoun.) Steep clay banks of river at "The 
 Cove" London, Ont. {Burgess.) 
 
 (2322.) E. propullans, Gray, Amer. Nat. V., 298. 
 
 In rich, deep soil, on the farm of George Casey, M.P., near Fingal, 
 KIgin Co., Ont., 1882. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2323.) E. grand iflorum, Var. (?) albiflorum. Hook. Fl. II., 182. 
 Veiy abundant in rich woods, and in crevices of rocks, and on old 
 sea beaches throughout the whole southern part of Vancouver Island. 
 A remarkably fine species and well worthy of cultivation. {Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Victoria. (Fletcher. Hill.) 
 
 Var. (?) Smithii. Hook., Fl. II., 182. 
 E. remlutum, Smith in Rees. Cycl. 
 E. grandiflorum, var. revolulum, Baker, Journ. Linn. Sec- XIV., 296. 
 
 Gathered by Menzies on Vancouver Island. Not lately detected 
 unless this may be var. albiflorum, which turns pinkish in drying if 
 young specimens are taken. 
 
42 
 
 QKOI-OdlOAIi HUHVRT OK CANADA. 
 
 'M 
 
 f 
 
 Vnr. giganteumi Hook., Fl. II., 182. 
 
 Summit of Coart Riitif^o, near the FriiHor River, B.C., 1877. Stemw, 
 three to four flowered. (Dawson.) ITarrison Lalto, B.C. (Burgess, 
 Herb.) F'lowerB, large bright yellow. 
 
 Var. (?) minor, Morren. Belg. Ilort. XXVI,, 109. 
 
 The speeimonH referred here are all from high mountain Hummits, 
 generally one flowered and bright yellow. In moist thlokotH South 
 Koolanio PaHH, 18-*l,andon the woHtern summit of tlio North Kootanie 
 PasH, Rocky MountainH, (Dawson.) On the summit of Hope Moun- 
 tain, B.C. (J. Totmie.) Goose Crook Mountains, Cariboo, B.C., 6,000 
 feet alt. (Bowman.) In abundance on mountains around Kicking 
 Horse Lake, and on the bods of snow-slides, passing uj) to the limit of 
 perpetual snow ; in great profusion at the summit of the Selkirks, 
 close to the melting snow, Aug. 24th, 1885 ; abundant on the summit 
 of Mount Benson, alt. 3,363 feet; occasional sjjecimens on Mount 
 Arrowsmith, alt. 5,500 feet, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 620. LLOYDIA, Salisb. 
 
 (2324.) U. serotina, Reichenb. Watson, Procov.. u. Acad., 
 XIV., 261. 
 
 Anthericum ivrotinum, Linn. Hook., Fl. II., 183. 
 St. Lawrence and Ounalashka islands, Capo Lisburno and Kotzobue 
 Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Northern Arctic coast. (Dr. Richardson.) 
 
 621. CALOCHORTU8, Pursh, Fl. I., 240. 
 
 (2325.) C. elegans, Pursh, var. nanus, Wood. Proc. Phil. Acad. 
 168 (1868). 
 
 C. elegam, Hook., Fl. II., 183; Macoun, Cat. No. 1873. 
 C Lyallii, Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV., 305. 
 C. eleguns, var. minor, Hook., Fl. II., 183. 
 Summit of the South Kootanie and Crow Nest passes, Rocky Moun- 
 tains. (Dawson.) Recesses of the Rocky Mountains, near the region 
 of perpetual snow. (Douglas.) 
 
 (2326.) C. macrocarpus, Dougl. Hook., Fl. II., 183. 
 
 Diy, gravelly soil on the mountains above Lytton, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 Very fine specimens at Kamloops, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) Similkameen 
 River; near Wild Horse Creek, Kootanie Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) 
 Abundant at Lytton, Spence's Bridge, and Kamloops, B.C. (Fletcher.) 
 
CATAI.OUIIE (IK CANMlIAN PLANTS. 
 
 4» 
 
 622. CHAMMLIRIUM, Wllld. (DEVIL'S BIT) 
 
 (2327.) C. Carolinianum, Will.l. WatHon, Pioc. Am. Ac-ud, VI., 
 
 282. 
 
 C. lutiiim, Ciniy. Muii. Kd. V., .^S?. 
 Ill Ionia* dioiai, rnrsli, I'l. I., LMI). 
 In swanipH near Mount IMoaHiuit, Ont. (Hunjess.) Canuda. {Gray, 
 Man.) 
 
 623. XEROPHYLLUM, Mx. Fl. I, 210. (XEROPHYLLUM) 
 
 (2328.) X. tenax, Nutl. Watson, Piocod. Am. Acad. XIV., 284. 
 Ilclonvis letwj:, Pnrsli, H. I.. 243. 
 Soiilli Kontanio PasH, Rooky Mountains lOth |taralloi. Abundant 
 and pawt flowering in the lovvor vailoys, mit .still flowering at G,000 
 foot alt., on Aug. 17th, 1871. Crow Ne.st Pass, 1883. (Dawson.) 
 
 624. TOFIELDIA, Huds. (FALSE ASPHODEL) 
 
 (2329.) T. borealiS, Wahlenb. Fl. Lapp., l()!t. 
 
 3'.po/w»/ri(t, Huds. Hook., l-'l. II., 17!i. 
 T. pwillii, Pursh, Vl I., 2W. 
 Nurlhecium puitillvm, Miclix., Fl. I., L'0!>. 
 
 Peat bogH and on i'ockn along the sea or large hikes. Fold's Har- 
 iior, Labrador. {li. Hell.) Low gi-ounds and peat bogs. Salt Lake, 
 .\iitico8ti. (Macouii.) Mingan Islands, River St. Lawrence. {St. Cyr.) 
 Lake Mistassini. {Michaux.) Luke Mistassini and down the Rupert 
 liiver to James Baj', and northward on all the islands in James Bay 
 10 Cape Jones ; Missinaiiii Rivei', Ont., and north to Moose Factory. 
 (./. M. Macoun.) Hill River and mouth of Churchill River, Hudson 
 Bay. {li. Bell.) North shore of Lake Superior. {Aijassiz.) Rather rare 
 ill the Rocky Mountains, at Castle Mountain and .Mount Stephen, but 
 abundant at Donald, in the valley of the Wait-a-bit. {Macoun.) Groat 
 Slave Lake; Ungava, Hudson Strait. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Mossy 
 soil, Kingnite, Cumberland Gulf, Capo Soarle, and Scott's Bay, west 
 sido of Baffin's Bay. {J. Taylor.) Between tho Mackenzie River and 
 Baffin's Bay. Smith's Sound and Greenland. {Hooker, Arct. Pi.) 
 From Labrador and Hudson Bay to Bear Lake River ; and west to the 
 Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
44 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 (2^30.) T- coccinea, Eich. Hook. Fl. II., 119. 
 
 Jkrren ground from lat. 64° to tho shoi'es of the Arctic sea ; about 
 Jasper's Lake, in the Rocky Mountains, and on the west coast, north 
 of lat. 58°, to Ounalashka. {Hooker, Fl.) Kotzebue Sound, Chamisso 
 Island, and Capo Lisburne. {Bothr. Alask.) North east coast of 
 America. (Hooker, Arct. PL) 
 
 Var. major, Hook., FI.II., 179. 
 
 Mackenzie Kiver. {Richardion.) Only two specimens of this variety 
 have been gathered, and the writer has scon no specimens of cither 
 foi'm. 
 
 (2331.) T, glutinosa, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 246 ; Hook., Fl. II., 179. 
 Narlftecium glutinomm, Michx., Fl. I., 210. 
 Cold bogs and borders of mountain lakes and rivers. Flat lands, 
 Rcstigouche Co. ; along the Upper St. John, Eoi and Tobique rivers, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Salt Lake, and in peat bogs, Anticosti. (Macoun.) 
 Mingan Islands, St. Lawrence Kiver. " (St. Cyr.) Quebec, Island of 
 •Orleans. (Thomas.) Cleghorn's, Quebec, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Shore 
 of Georgian Bay at ColU-Agwood. (Logie.) Fairview Harbor, Drum- 
 mond Island, Thompson Point and McLeod Harbor, Georgian Bay. 
 (J. Bell.) Wet gravelly river flat, Southampton, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Shore of Lake Huron at 
 Eed Bay; Livingstone Point, Lake Nipigon, along the shores of Thun- 
 der Bay, and the east coast of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Lake 
 Mistassini, N.E.T, (J. M. Macoun.) On the Athabatsca river near 
 Fort Assiniboine ; Bow River valley, from Calgaiy westward to 
 Hector at the summit of the Rocky Mountains; abundant around 
 Horno Lake and on the summit of Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Sitka. 
 (Bothr. Alask.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Fi'om Hudson 
 Bay to Bear Lake, and to the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, F/.) 
 
 (2332.) T. occidental is, Watson. Proc. Am. Acad., XIV., 283. 
 In boggy ground, Beaver Creek valley, near Roger's Pass, Selkirk 
 Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.) Easily distinguished from T. glutinosa 
 bv the long sepals and pedicels which are twice as long in each case. 
 
 626. UVULARIA, Linn. Gen. 412. (BELL-WORT) 
 
 (2333.) U. perfoSiata, Linn. Hook., Fl. IL, 174 ; Pursh, Fl. L, -31. 
 U. pcrfoliaia, var. minirr, Michx., Fl. I., 199. 
 Rich woods, but of doubtful occurrence in Canada. The references 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 4&- 
 
 given below are quoted from authorities, but specimens have not been 
 examined. Woods near Prcsuott, Ont. (^Billings.) Vicinity of Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. (Logie.) 
 
 (2334.) U. grandiflora, Smith. Pursb, Fl.I.,231 ; Hook., Fl. II., 174. 
 U. perfoliala, var. major, Michx., Fl. I., 199. 
 Eich woods, common in many parts of (Quebec and Ontario. Batis- 
 can, Q. {St. Cyr.) Gomin's Woods, Quebec. {Thomas.) Abundant 
 by roadsides in newly cleared parts of Grenville, Argenteuil Co., (I. 
 (D' Urban.) Papineau Road, near Montreal, 1821. {Dr. Holmes.} 
 Abundant in the neighborhood of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Oft.) Vcrj' 
 abundant in central Ontario, (Macoim.) Low rich woods, London, 
 Ont. {Burgess.) Woods at Owen Sound, Ont. {Macoun.) Lake 
 Huron. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2335.) U. sessilifolia, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 175,; Pursh, Fl. I., 233. 
 Oakeina ses»Uifolia, Watson. Proccd. Am. Acad., XIV., 269. 
 Hich woods, but chiefly in Queoec and Now Brunswick. Near 
 Truro, N.S. (Chambers.) Truro, and Noi th Woods Annapolis, N.S. 
 {Macoun Si Burgess.) St. John, and King's Go's. ; Lily Lake; Kouchi- 
 bouguac and Grand Lake, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Ste. Anne de la 
 P.\iade, Q. {St. Cyr.) Papineau Road, near Montreal, 1821. {Dr. 
 Holmes.) Quito common in rich woods around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. 
 Qtt.) Miriwin's Woods, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) New Bruns- 
 wick. {Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 626. DI8PCRUM, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. L, 331. 
 
 (2336.) D. Menziesii, Don. 
 
 Uvularia Smilhii, Hook., Fl. II., lit. 
 
 ^rosaries Mmziem, Don. Linn., Trans. XVIII., 533- 
 
 We have never seen Canadian specimens of this species, but Dr. 
 Watson gives its range " from California to British Columbia." Nootka 
 
 Sound, Vancouver Island. 
 
 {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2337.) D. lanuginosa, Don. 
 
 Proganc lanuginosa, Don. Macoun, Cat. No. 1836; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 
 
 528, (18G8). 
 Uvularia lanvginosa, Pursh. Hook., Fl. 174, in part. 
 Streptopm lanvginomis, Pursli, Fl. I., 232 ; Michx., Fl. I., 201. 
 
 Rich woods, western Ontario. Woods near Hamilton, Ont. {Logie,)' 
 
46 
 
 GEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Eich woods, Norfolk Co., Ont. (Dr. Nichal.) Port Dover Junction, 
 Elgin Co., Ont., 1882. {Macoun.) Shaded banks, London, Ont. 
 {Millman. Burgess.) 
 
 (2338.) D. trachycarpa, Watson. 
 
 Promries trachycarpa, AVatson. Rep. King's Exp. V., 344; Macoun, Cat. 
 
 No. 1835. 
 Uvularia puhcnUa, Rich., App. 10. 
 U. lanvginom, Pars. Hook. Fl. II., 174, in part. 
 U. lanuginom, var, major, Hook., Fl. II., 174. 
 
 Generally found in poplar and willow thickets throughout the prairie 
 region. Slopes of the South Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) 
 Thickets along the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Not 
 uncommon at Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba ; on slopes of the Por- 
 cupine Mountains ; sand hills at the source of the Qu'Appelle ; rather 
 common in the foot-hills of the Eocky Mountains and westward to 
 Kananaskis station. (Macoun.) In thickets near Ecgina, Assiniboia. 
 (Fletcher.) "Wooded country from Lake Winnipeg to the Eocky Moun- 
 tains, and from Norway House to Cumberland House. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2339.) D. Hookeri, Torr. 
 
 I'rosarte.1 Hookcri, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep., IV., 144 ; Macoun, Cat. No- 1834. 
 
 The specimens placed under this species are unlike any form we 
 have of D. Oregana. They are charcterized by perfectly smooth fruit 
 (half-grown), and, in flowering ^spocimens, by the smooth style and 
 nearly glabrous ovary. Not uncommon in woods at Donald, in the 
 Columbia Valley, and westwai-d in Beaver (Jreek Valley to Eoger's 
 Pass, Selkirk Mountains ; also at Quosnel, and Soda Creek, B.C., 1875. 
 (Macoun.) Mountain slopes at Spenco's Bridge, and Yale, B.C. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2340.) D. Oregana, Watson. 
 
 Promrtcx Oregana, Watson. Proeed. Am. Acad., XIV., 271, 
 Uvularia lamiginona. Hook., Fl. II., 174, in part. » 
 
 Eich low woods. Apparently common in the rich woodlands tiuough- 
 out Vancouver Island, as far north as Qualicum and Alberni. All the 
 island specimens have very hairy fruit even when fully ripe. Speci- 
 mens exactly similar were gathered at New Westminster, B.C., 1875- 
 (Macoun.) Eastern base of Coast Eaiige, on Skagit Eiver, B.C., 1877. 
 Glonora, Stikine Eiver, 1887. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria, Van- 
 couver Island. (Mcehan.) North West coast. (Hookrr, Fl.) 
 
'!) 
 
 CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 47 
 
 627. CLINTONIA, Rafln. (CLINTONIA) 
 
 (2341.) C. borealiS, Raf. (iiay, Man. Ed. V., 529. 
 
 Smitacina hore.aliB, Pnrsli, Fl. I., 232 ; Hook., Fl. II., 175. 
 
 Rich cool woods, abundant chiefly eastward. Labrador. (Butler.) 
 Brigus, Newfoundland. {R. Bell.) New Harbor, Trinity Bay, New- 
 foundland. {Rev. A. Waghorne.) Windsor, Halifax, Pictou, and Canso, 
 Guysboro Co., N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Bedlbrd, N.S. (McGill Coll. 
 Herb.) Rich woods, Truro, and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) St. John 
 and King's Go's.; St. John city ; Kouchibouguac; along the Tohique 
 RiVer; Bald Mountain and between Pabineau, and (rrand Falls, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Bathurst, X.ii. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Woods, Salt 
 LaUe, Anticosti, and on the Graspd coast. {Macoun.) Ouatchechou, 
 Island of Orleans, and Mingan Islands, River St, Lawrence. {St .Cyr.) 
 Savanno and other places near Montre.-il, 1821. {Dr. Holmes.) Rich 
 woods at Riviere du louj), (i. (Thomas.) Very abundant in Argen- 
 teuil Co., Q. (JD' Urban.) Muriay Bay, St. Lawrence River. {McGill 
 Coll. Herb.) Cool woods, vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) 
 Low wet woods and cedar swamps, central Ontario ; common. (Macoun.) 
 Somewhat common at Prescott, Ont. {Billint/s.) Vicinity of Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. {Buchan.) Low woods, London, Ont, ami Parry Sound, 
 Georgian Bay. {Burgess.) Owen Sound, Mississagui Island, Cockburn 
 Island, and Hilton, Georgian Bay. {J. Bell.) In many ])laces around 
 Lake Supei-ior and Lake Nipigon, and westward on the Dawson route 
 to Lake of the Woods. {Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, and down the 
 Rupert River to James Bay; Lake Winnipeg and eastward down the 
 Severn River; also down the Missinaibi River. (J. 31. Macoun.) New 
 lirunswick; Newfoundland; Canada to the Saskatchewan. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2342.) C. uniflora, Kuntli. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc, XIV., 584. 
 Smilaciva ninjiora, Menzics. Hook., Fl. II., 175 ; Macoun, Cat No. 1847. 
 Cool shady woods, from the Rocky Mountains to Vancouver Island. 
 South Kootanie Pass, and Kootanie Valley, Rocky Mountains; Tany- 
 abuidvat Lake, B.C. {Dairson.) Goose Creek Mountains, Cariboo, 
 B.C., alt. 5,800 feet. {Bowman.) Rathei- uncommon in mountain 
 woods, from Hector, Rocky Mountains, westward through British 
 Columbia and northward to Port McLeod, hit 55° ; rather rare on Van- 
 couver island, only observed on Mount Mark, alt 2,750 feet. {Macoun.) 
 Yale Mountain, B.C. {Fletcher.) North West America, and on the 
 mountains of the interior. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
48 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SUEVET OF CANADA. 
 
 628. MEDEOLA, Linn. Gen. 455. (INDIAN CUCUMBt^R) 
 
 (2343.) M. Virginica, Linn. Mich.x., Fl. f., 214;Pur8h, Fl. I., 244; 
 Hook., Fl. II., 179. 
 
 Eich woods, rather common ; but seldom seen in abundance any- 
 where. Windsor, Dartmouth, Halifax, and Pictou, N.S. {Sommers, Cat.) 
 Truro, and North Woods, Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) Woodlands, 
 Glenelg, Guysborough Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Bathu.-st, N.B. (McGill 
 Coll. Herb.) Kouchibouguac, and Bass River; St. John, N.B. (Fowler, 
 Cat.) Campbellton, and Hampton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Island of Orleans. 
 (Thomas.) Very abundant in rocky and sandy woodsi, Argenteuil Co., 
 Q. (D' Urban.) In a swamp, Montreal Mountain, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) 
 Rich woods, around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Woods at Prescott, 
 Ont.; common. (Billings.) Rich deep woods, rather uncommon, in 
 central Ontario. (Macoun.) Woods near Lake Mcdad, Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Logic.) Low rich woods, London, Ont., and Pariy Sound, 
 Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) London, and Komoka, Ont. (Millman.) 
 Owen Sound, and Hilton, Ont. (J. Bell.) St. Joseph Island, Georgian 
 Bay. (R. Belt.) . 
 
 629. TRILLIUM, Linn. Gen. 456. 
 
 NIGHTSHADE.) 
 
 (THREE-LEAVED 
 
 / 
 
 (2344.) T. erectum, Linn., var. atropurpureum, Hook. Fl. 
 IL, 180; Pursh, Fl. L, 245. 
 
 T. rhomhaideum, var. atropurpureum, Michx., Fl. I., 215. 
 T. obovatum, Pursh, Fl. I., 246. (Montreal plant.) 
 
 Low rich woods by the borders of swamps. Halifax, and near Rock- 
 head; Hall's Harbor, King's Co., N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Woods, Cape 
 Blomidon, N.S. (Macoun.) Common about St. John, Loch Lomond, and 
 St. Croix River ; Upper St. John River and its tributaries, Norton, Tobi- 
 que, near Pokiok, and Bald Mountain ; rare in the northei'n counties of 
 N.B. only reported from Restigouche. (Fowler, Cat.) Island of Orleans. 
 (St. Gyr.) Papineau Road, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Riviere 
 du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Abundant in low woods, Argenteuil Co., Q. 
 (D' Urban.) Vicinity of Ottawa ; common. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Com- 
 mon at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Very common throughout centr&l 
 Ontai'io in wet woods ; northward it is found on drier soil, as at North 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 49 
 
 Bay, Lake Nipissing. (Macoun.) Woods, iieav Hamilton, Ont. (Lo(jie.) 
 Rich woods, London, Ont. (Bunjess.) St. Joscpii Island, Georgian 
 Bay. (J. Bell.) Port Colborno, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Owen 
 Sound, and in woods uptlie Kaministiqua River, we.st of Lake Superior. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. album, Pur.sh, Fl. I., 245; Hook , Fl.. IL, 180. 
 
 Occasionally detected in low woods growing with the species. Eel 
 River, Carleton Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Ironsides, Ottawa Co., C^. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Occasionally found with the species, and wherever it 
 occurs about Ottawa. (Fletcher.) Gomin-Wood, near Quebec. (St.Cyr.) 
 On limestone near Gate Lake, Argenteuil Co., (i. (D' Urban.) In low 
 wet woods three miles east of Belleville, between the railway and the 
 Bay of Quinte ; low thicket, Cold Creek, Northumberland Co., Ont. ; 
 also woods at Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.) \ icinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Buchan.) 
 
 Var. ochroleucum, Hook., Fl. J I., 180. 
 
 Canada. (Hooker. Fl.) While exploring North Mountain, near 
 Annapolis, N.S., a few years since, a couple of specimens of this variety 
 were gathered. They are smaller flowered than the type, but gener- 
 ally resemble it. 
 
 Many years ago the writer obtained specimens of a form with (jreen 
 ])etals, which had been gathered in the county of Peterboro, Ont. 
 Nothing has been heard of it for the last twenty years. 
 
 Var. declinatum, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 523. 
 
 T. cernuum, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad., Vol. XFV., 275 in part. 
 
 Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) North shore of Lake Superior; at 
 the mouth of Nipigon River and in the woods up the Kaministi(iua ; 
 also in abundance at Totogon, at the southern end of Lake Manitoba. 
 (Macoun.) London, Ont.; rare; also at Emerson, Man. {Bur(jess.) 
 Missinaibi River, near James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) Moose Fac- 
 tor}', James Bay. (Cottar & JDr. Jlaijden.) Erom the Saskatchewan 
 to the Mackenzie River. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 In my opinion if this is not a distinct species its proper place is as 
 the western and northern form of T. rernuum. When fresh the two 
 forms are very distinct. The peduncle in T. cernuum is short and 
 recurved, while in this it is twice as long as in cernuum and merely declined. 
 The habitat of T. cernuum is alluvial Hats, while that of the variety is 
 low damp woods, without leference to streams. The species is scented, 
 while the variety is icentless, and the flowers of the former are not half 
 
50 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 as lai-go as those of the latter. The two may grow in the same districts 
 but not together. Dr. Watson disagrees with me and believes its place 
 is with T. erectum, and in deference to him 1 place it there. 
 
 (2345.) T. grand iflorum, 
 
 Fl. II., 180. 
 
 Salisb. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 246 ; Hook., 
 
 T. rhomlioideum, var. grandiflorum, Michx., Fl. I., 216. 
 T. camtschaticum, Pursh, Fl. I., 246. 
 
 Not uncommon in rich woods in Ontario. Vicinity of Montreal, 
 1814. {Pursh.) Townships of Grenville and Wentworth, Argenteuil 
 Co., (j. {D' Urban.) Very abundant on King's Mountain and other 
 places near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very common at Prescott, 
 Ont. (Billings.) Abundant throughout central Ontario. (Macoun.) 
 Verj' common in woods at Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Kich woods, 
 London, Ont. (^Burgess.) Woods at Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2.340.) T. ovatum, Pursh, Fl. T., 245 ; Hook., Fl. II., 180. 
 T. (jrandiflorum, Hook., Fl. II., 180, in part. 
 Rich woods in the Fraser Valley, from Yale to the coast, and not 
 rare in rich, shady woods on Vancouver Island, from Victoria to Quali- 
 cum and Alberni. (Alaconn.) Vicinity of Victoria. (Hill. Fletcher.) 
 
 (2347.) T. cernuum, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. II., 180; Pursh, Fl. I., 245. 
 Chiefly in rich low woods, and intervale lands of river bottoms. 
 Newfoundland. (Cormack.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) In woods, 
 Trui'o, N.S. (Maroim (t> Burgess.) Rothesay, N.B. (Matthews.) Gal- 
 lows Hill, near Napan, Northumberland Co. ; Bass River, and Oxltow, 
 on Salmon River; St. Francis, Kennebeccasis and Norton; Tobique, 
 at Two Brooks, N.H. (Fowkr,Cat.) Ikthurst, X.B. {McG ill Coll. Herb.) 
 River Ste. Anne des Monts, t^, (Macoun. Porter.) In rich woods, 
 Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity 
 of Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Billings Bridge, the only locality 
 near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) AVoods along Bell's Creek, three 
 miles east of Belleville, Hastings Co. ; Cold Creek flats rear of Ksli 
 Ternl's farm, Brighton, Noi-thumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) St. 
 .loseph Island, Geoi-gian Bay. (./. Bell.) 
 
 (2348.) T. erythrocarpum, Michx., F1.,L, 216; Hook. Fl., II., 180. 
 T.piclum, Pursh, Fl. I., 244 ; Holmes, Cat. Montreal Plants. 
 Rich and cool woods, rather local in its distribution. Windsor. 
 Halifax, Pictou, and Pirate's Harbor, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Suinniers, 
 Oat.) Woods, Glenelg, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Common, 
 especially on recently burned ground in northern counties; St. .John 
 
m 
 
 CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 51 
 
 and King'H Go's. ; also St. John eity, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Portland, 
 N.B. (Matthews.) In woods, (iaspd Basin, Q. (Macouri.) Island of 
 Oi'leans. (St. Cijr.) In ricli woods, IJivirro du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) 
 Papineau Wood, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Abundant in 
 rocky woods, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Local at Ottawa, 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Somewhat rare at Prescott, Ont. (BillhKjs.) 
 North Bay, Lake Nipissing, and at Collingwood, Georgian Bay. 
 (Macom.) St. Remi, Q. ; and Komptville, Ont. (McG ill Coll. Herb.) 
 Eich woods, Hatchloy, Ont; Port Coekburn, Lake Joseph, Muskoka 
 Co., Ont. [Burgess.) 
 
 630. MELANTHIUM, Linn. (ion. 454. 
 
 (2349.) M. Virginicum, Linn. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 524. 
 M. hyMdum, Pursh, Fl. I., 242. 
 Leiinantlnum hijhridiun, Rivni. ; Hook., Fl. II., 177. 
 
 Upper Canada. (Hooker, Fl.) We have novei- .seen a Canadian 
 specimen of this .species, and cannot speak explicitly of its occurrence 
 in western Ontario. Certainly the region where Mr. Goldie botanized 
 (the shores of Lake Erie) is less known botanicully. than any other 
 part of the Dominion, except the extreme north. 
 
 631. VERATRUM, Linn. Gen. 1144. (FALSE HELLEBORE.) 
 
 (2350.) V. Viride, Ait. : Pursh, Fl. I., 242; Hook. Fl. II. 178. 
 
 V. ulhum, Miclix., Fl. I., 249 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1829. 
 
 V. Etc.hKcholtzii, Gray ; Kothr. Alask. 4.j(). 
 
 V. album, var. Jischxcholtzii, Dawson, Bound. Rep. 374. 
 
 Rather common on intervales of the Restigouche, Eichibucto, St. 
 John, and Kennebeccasis rivers, X.B. (Fowler. Cat.) In numerous 
 places along the Gaspi5 coast, from Mont Louis to Metis. (Macoun.) 
 Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) Yovy commim at Eiviiire du Loup, Q. 
 { Thomas.) South Kootanie Pass and foothills of Rocky Mountains, 49th 
 parallel. (Dawson. Burgess.) in mountain swamps and on snow-slides 
 from Castle Mountain, in the Eocky Mountains, westward to the Selkirks 
 and mountains in the Peace Eiver Pass, hit. 56° ; on mountain slopes 
 and in river valleys. Mount Finlayson, Mount Benson, Mount Arrow- 
 smith, and Mount Mark ; also at Goldstream, Nanaimo, Qualicum and 
 Alborni, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Sooke, Vancouver Island. 
 
62 
 
 QKOLOUICAl. SUBVKY OF CANADA. 
 
 (^Fletcher.) Sitkii. (^Rothr. Alask.) Canada to the Saskatchewan and tho 
 Eocky Mountainn, and from tho Columbia to the Stikine. (Hooker, 
 Fl.) Snow Shoe Valley, Cariboo, B.C., alt. 3,000 feet. (Bowman.) 
 
 632. 8TENANTHIUM, A. Cray. Ann. Lye. N. York IV., n!>. 
 
 (2351.) 8. OCCidentale, Gray, Proced. Am. Acad., XVIII., 405. 
 
 Crow Nest and South Kootanio passes, Rocky Mountains. (Dawnon.) 
 Abundant on the slopes of ravines on all the Rocky Mountains up the 
 Bow Kiver Valley, and westward to the Columbia Valley at Donald ; 
 along Little Qualicum River, on the slopes of Mount Arrowsmith, alt. 
 4,500 feet, and on Mount Mark, alt. 2,500 feet, Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Near Yale, B.C. (Fletcher.) 
 
 633. ZYCADENUS, Michx. Fl. I., 213. (ZYGADENE.) 
 
 (2352.) Z. elegans, Pursh, Fl. I., 241 ; Hook., Fl. II., 178. 
 
 /. glauciis, Niitt. ; Hook., Fl. II., 178; Macoun, Cat. No. 1826. 
 /. chloranlhus, Richards ; Hook., Fl. II., 177. 
 
 Rather rare along river banks eastward but abundant on the prairies 
 and westward to the Pacific. Sand beach atBellcdune, N.B. (Fowler^ 
 Cat.) Salt Lake, Anticosti, and on clitt's along the Gaspij coast. (Macoun.) 
 Mingan Islands and Anticosti. (St. Cyr.) Miirray Bay, River St. 
 Lawrence. (McGiM Coll. Herb.) Bank of the Moira and in a field neai- 
 Belleville ; rocky banks Shannonville, and swamp throe miles south of 
 Marmora, Hastings Co. ; marsh at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) 
 Island Harbor, and Drummond Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) 
 Shaded i-ivei' bank, Southampton, and Elora, Ont. (Burgess.) Very 
 common throughout the prairie region extending westward through 
 the Rocky Mountains to tho Columbia Valley at Donald. (Macoun.) 
 Near Turtle Mountain and westward on the 49th par-iUel to the Milk 
 River, and Ci-ow Nest Pass in the Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Fort 
 Selkirk, Yukon River, lat. 62'' 45'. (Schwatka.) Kotzebue Sound, 
 Port Clarence, Arctic coast and Fort Yukon. (Rothr. Alask.) Banks 
 of the St. Lawrence, around Niagara Falls, and on the borders of 
 Lakes Erie and Huron. In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains near 
 the sources of the Columbia and on the banks of the Saskatchewan and 
 Eed rivei-8. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2355.) 
 
 Frequ 
 don, N 
 Ttturo, 
 Co., N.; 
 Fi-ederic 
 que La 
 Charlott 
 (St. Cyr 
 small la 
 
 ofTrem 
 St. PieiT 
 
 Ottawa r 
 I'rescott 
 flowing !• 
 
CATAIiOnUE OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 53 
 
 (2853.) Z. venenoSUS, VVathon, Proced. Am. Acad., XIV., 273. 
 
 '/.. Nultiillii, Gray ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1S27. 
 leimnnthium Nuttullli, Honk., V\. U., 177. 
 Quito common on tho uppoi- slopes of the Cypro.'^B IIIIIh and west- 
 ward through tho foot-hillH to Castle Mountain in tlio Eocky Moun- 
 tains. (Macoim.) Wood Mountain, 4!)th parallel, 1874. {MiUinan. 
 Burgess.) Kamloops, B.C. {Prof. Fowler.) Lytton, B.C. {HiU.) 
 Milk River Ridgo, Alberta; Nicola Valley, and Drew Harbor, B.C. 
 North point of Texada Island, Gulf of Cicorgia. (Dawson.) Abun- 
 dant in tho Fraser Valley ; and around Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) Very abundant in tho southern part of Vancouver Island, 
 and extending to Qualicuin and Alberni. (Macoun.) Locally named 
 " I'oison Camass," as tho bulb is ])oi.sonoiis. 
 
 (2354.) Z. paniCUlatUS, Watson, Rep. King's Kxp. V., 344. 
 
 Helonim paniculata, Nutt, Journ. Phil. Acad., VII., 57. 
 
 Apparently rai-e, on tho great plains, as none of our collectors, so 
 far as I am aware, have even gathered the plant. According to Dr. 
 Watson it ranges from Nevada to tho Saskatchewan. 
 
 CVIIl. PONTEDERIACEyE. Pickerel-wked Family. 
 
 634. PONTEDERIA, Linn. (PICKEREL-WEED. 
 
 (2355.) P. cordata, Linn. ; Hook., PI. TI., 187. 
 
 Frequent in ponds and by lake margins. Marshes near Cape Blorai- 
 don, N.S. (Macoun.) Windsor, Halifax, Pictou, Mahone Bay and 
 Tuuro, N.S. (So7nmers, Cat.) Shallow water, Caledonia, Guysboro 
 Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Kennebeccasis, near the railway station, 
 Fj'odericton, Grand Lake, several places on the St. John Rivei-, Tobi- 
 quo Lake, Norton, Clifton Lake, and common in western parts of 
 Charlotte Co., N.B. (Foivler, Cat.) Port St. Francois, Nicolet, Q. 
 (iSi^. Cyr.) Lake St. Augustine, Q. (Thomas.) Very abundant in 
 small lakes near Lake of tho Three Mountains, and in sheltered parts 
 of Trembling Lake, Argonteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Mouth of River 
 St. Pierre, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Nation, Rideau and 
 Ottawa rivers, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) In streams inland, from 
 Prescott northward ; very common. (Billings.) Common in all slow- 
 flowing rivers and lakes, and ponds thi'ougliout tho northoi-n counties of 
 
 >\ 
 
04 
 
 QEOLOGICAL 81IRVKY OK CANADA. 
 
 Ontario. (Macoun.) Burlington Beach, Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) Moon 
 Rivor, Muskoku Co., Ont., and Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) 
 St. Joseph Ilarhor, Georgian Bay. (J. Belt.) From Lake Huron to 
 the Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. angUStifolia, Gray, Man. Kd. Y., 545. 
 1', anguslifolia, Pursli, FI. 1., 224. 
 This variety is very distinct fi'om the species if the form of the leaf 
 only is considered. The St. Clair specimens have leaves fully eight 
 inches long and not at all cordate at the base. Many of the references 
 given with the species very likely belong hero, but wo have no means 
 of determining without the specimens. Shallow water, Norton, N.B. 
 (May.) St. Clair River, (Jnt. (J. M. Macoun.) Still water, Trent 
 River, above lleely Falls, Northumberland Co. ; and Lake Isaac, 
 Bruce Peninsula, Ont. (Macoun.) In water at Fairy Sound, Geoi-gian 
 Bay. (Burgess.) 
 
 636. HETERANTHERA, Ruiz. (WATER-STAR GRASS.) 
 
 Vahl. ; Pursh, Fl. 1., 32. 
 
 (235f<.) H. graminea, 
 
 Leptanthm gramincwi, Michx. ; Hook., Fl. II., 187. » 
 
 Schollera graminea, Willd. ; Gray, Mtin. Ed.V., 545 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1906. 
 
 Abundant at Ottawa. (Fletclwr, Fl.Ott.) In gravel along the north 
 shore of Lake Ontario and the Bay of Quinte, at Belleville, and at 
 Wellor's Bay, Prince Edward Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamil- 
 ton, Ont., on the lake shore. (Buchan.) On the lake shore at Kingston, 
 Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 CIX. XYRIDE^F. Yellow-eyed-gkass Family. 
 
 636. XYRIS, Linn. (YELLOW-EYED GRASS.) 
 
 (2357.) X. flexuosa, Mnhl., var. pusilia. Gray, Man. £d.Y., 548. 
 
 ' X. Caroliniana, Pursli, Fl. I., 33, in part. 
 X Jupacai, Miclix., Fl. I., 23, in part. 
 
 This form is easily distinguished from the species by being without 
 the bulbous base. The wiiter believes it to be a distinct species and 
 wholly separate from X.Jtexuosa. Peat bogs and wet sandy shores in 
 
 Var. cc 
 
 In til 
 mon in 
 Hretoii. 
 (Fowler, 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 Oft 
 
 the northern forest region of Onturio and tlio nustorn provinceH. 
 Halifax, N.S. {Sommera,Cat.) Peat bogs, Guynboro Co., N.S. {Jtohert.) 
 Kondricit's Lake, noar St. Stephen ; I'oint do Hiito, Wontinoreland Co., 
 N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Hlackstono Lako, and Port Cofkburn, Lake 
 Joseph, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 ex. JUNCACE^.. Rush Family. 
 
 637. JUNCU8, Linn. Gen. 437. (RUSH, BOG-RUSH.) 
 
 (2358.) J. effuSMS, Linn. ; Hook,, Kl. II., IDO. 
 
 Frequent in diti-hos and boggy places throughout the eastorn pro- 
 vinces ; Brigus, Newfoundland. (li. Bell.) Windsor, Bedford, and 
 Pictou, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Magdalen Islands, (iulf of St. Lawrence. 
 (.7. Bi char (/son.) Truro, Halifax, Annapolis and Yarmoutii, N.S,; also 
 in the river valley at Whycocomagh, Cape Bi-oton. {Afacoun.) Abun- 
 dant in marshy ground. Now Brunswick. (Foirler, Cat.) Pentecost 
 River, Levis, and Ragged Islands, River St. Lawrence. {St. Cyr.) 
 Ditches in McKay's Woods and other places at Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. 
 Ott.) Very common around Prescott, Ont. {Billinijs.) Abumlant 
 throughout central Ontario. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Buchan.) In low swampy grounds near London, Ont. {Bunjess.) 
 Ditches at Owen Sound, and in meadows at Fort William and west- 
 ward up the Kaministiqna River. {Macoun.) Lake Wabatongwashenc, 
 Ont. ; York F.K'tor}', Hudson Bay. {R. Bell.) Moose Factory. James 
 Bay. (Cottar & Haijden.) Rather common in springy places through- 
 out the southern half of Vancouver Island, extending to (iualicum, and 
 Barclay Sound. (Macoun.) 
 
 Vai'. brunneus, lilngelm. Proc. Calif. Acad. II., 4!n. 
 
 Abundant on the islands in Barclay Sound, west coast of Vancouver 
 Island, 1887. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. conglomeratus, Gri-ay, Man. Ed. V., .^37. 
 
 In the same situations as the species, but less common. Not com- 
 mon in low grounds at Annapolis, N.S., and at Whycocomagh. ('ape 
 Breton. {Macoun.) Fredricton, N.B., and elsewhei'e; not common. 
 (Foioler, Cat.) 
 
 (2359.) J, filiform is, Linn. ; Hook , Fl. IL, 190. 
 Rather common along rivei* margins, in gravel, and on lake shores ; 
 
56 
 
 OROLOOICAL SlfllVEV (»!•' CANADA. 
 
 widdly (liU'usoil. Ilodtoi'd, noiir l[iilifiix, X.S. {Sommrrs, Cat.) Low 
 inoadowH, N(»i'tli Sydnoy, Capo Urcloii. ( liur(j>'.ss.) Tniio, and Vur- 
 moiitli, N.S. (Manoitn.) Ma<^dalcMi Islands. (Julf of St. Liiwnuico. 
 (./. Jiich(ir(ls<)n.) Uicliihiicto, Koiichiltou/^tuic, VVoodslocdc and Salmon 
 l{ivtir, N.M. {l''(iwUr,('at.) Wi-I nioadows, (ias|(i' Masin, l^ Mdcoun.) 
 \'ic'inity ot Ottawa. {FIctrlier, Fl. Ott.) Hoi-doi- of lihudi (Jrook, 
 (Ji'imHtliorpo, IlaHtinf^H Co.; abutulant al Klliott's FuIIh, friill Rivor, 
 Victoria Co., Ont. ; White Hivor, north ol' Lake Superior; in wot 
 meadows, Fort William, Th under Bay. (Mdcuun.) Lake MJHtasHiid, 
 N.I'l.T,, and Fort George, .lames i5ay. (./. M. Macoun.) Mooho Fae- 
 tory, .Tames I'.ay. {Cottar k Br. Hayden.) Shore of Little Slave Lake 
 and along the SiiHkatehewan at Fort Carloton, and along Bow l{i"er, 
 above Calgary ; in a boggy npot on the " Toto l{oad," one mile west of 
 tiio Selkirk (summit, H.(!.. 188.5. (Macoun.) SaskaUliewan River to 
 Tioar Lake and Hnglish Rivor. (Hooker, Fl.) Southern (ireenland. 
 {Hook., Arct. PL) 
 
 (23»J0.) J. Balticus, \'ar. li. littoralift, llngelm.. Mon. June. 442. 
 
 ./. Wu^/fci/.", Detliard. ; Hook., Fl.ir., 180. 
 /. (jluiims, llU'h., A pp. page 11. 
 
 Sandy shores of lakes and by the Hoa ; not rare. J'ictou, N.S. 
 (McKay.) Along the coast at Yarmouth and Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 (Jommoi\ on the coast of Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Along the 
 coast of Anticosti, at Salt Lake and Jupitor River; Gaspt5 Basin and 
 along the coast to Matune, Q. (Macoun.) Mingan Islands, Rivor St. 
 Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Along the St. Lawrence Rivei- at Prescott, 
 Ont. ; rare. (Jiillin(js.'\ Abundant at West Lake, Piinee I'ldward Co. 
 and around I'resqu'ile Point, Lake Ontario, and five miles north of 
 Trenton, North umbeHand Co., Ont; Point aux Pins, SaultSte. Mavie, 
 and along the north-oast coast of Lake Superior ; Poplar River, Lake 
 Nipigon and westward. (Macoun.) Sandy shore of Toronto island, 
 and at Southampton, Lake Huron. (Burgess.) Fort George, .Tames 
 Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) North end of Lalco Winnipeg, and Knee 
 Lake, Keewatin. (A*. Bell.) The panicle of the eo" is 
 
 much more compact than that from the Great Liikns 
 
 Var. y. montanus, Engelm., M(m. .Tunc, 
 /. Balticus, Hook., Fl. II., 189, in part. 
 This form is abundant throughout the prairie region, extending 
 from the eastern border at Red River across the praii and through 
 tiie Rocky Mountains to Donald on the Columbia. (Macoun.) Sas- 
 katchewan Rivei' near the mountains, and at Little Slave Tjake. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
CATAt.OdUK OF ('ANAntAN PI,ANTH. 
 
 57 
 
 (2.3fil.) J. LeSCUril, Uolundor. Hot. CaliC, Vol. II., 205. 
 J, Jialticim, var. I'lirijiriii', l'',ii).'i'lm., Mom. .Iiiiic . 44L'. 
 
 0\y own H))«(iiin('iisuii(l tlios(« of Dawson, of this spocics, rolliu'liMl on 
 Viincoiivor Isliiiul, iiro oiisily HO|)iiniU>(l from tlmso of tlio cloHoly ro- 
 liitod ./. iialliints, by tlioir hociIs, which jikj of u liijlitcr r-dlor hikI Iohh 
 apicnhito, iind hy ihoir hrovvn m!iri,'in<'cl |)t>iiiinlli scales. Ahuii(hint 
 in suit miirshos und on stind iilonj^ tlio uoust, of Vancouvor Inland; 
 near Victoria. Xaiiaimo, Dopaitiiro Hay, Qualicum, Comox, and 
 Alborni. (Alacaun.) Hionkinsop Hay, Vancouver Iwhuid, ISH.'); Lewis 
 Elver, hit. (II" north of Hritish (^)lllnlbia. (Dairsim.) All referonoos 
 to J. Jidltiius on the I'acifif coast an' |)iaco(l helow. 
 
 North West Atnorica. (Ifouliei, Fl.) Capo KHjjeiihcr/^, Norton 
 Sound, and Ounalashka. {Rothr. AUish.^ I'oit Wranpol, Alaska. 
 (Meehan.) 
 
 (23(J2.) J. arcticus, Willd.; Hook.. Fl. II., 18!), in part. 
 
 We know not hlni^ of (his species. Arctic >oa-coast. {I/uokcr, Fl.) 
 Mossy soil, Middliattwack Islands, Cundicrlaiid (iulf. and Scotts Hay. 
 {J. Taylor.) frroonland. {Iluok. Airt. PI.) 
 
 Var. Sitchensis, Kn^clm., Mon. Jniu-.. •44.'). 
 
 Kngolmann says that this variety is fomul on hoth sides of Hehrin^ 
 Straits and on the island of Kodiak. Bartlett 15ay .\laska. (Meehan.) 
 Sitka. {Rothr. Alas/;.) Point Mulgravo, Behring Straits. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (236:}.) J. Drummondii, E. Meyer. Ledeb. Klor. Koss. I\'., 235. 
 /. arcticm, var. fl. gracilis, Hook., Fl. II., IS!). 
 Quite common on the higher Rocky .Mountains, from Castle Mountain 
 westward; appearing again on all the high mountains about the 
 sources of Boar Creek, Selkirk Mountains. {Macoun.) At a great 
 elevation in the Rocky Mountains. {Uooktr, Fl.) Western summit 
 of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Ouna- 
 lashka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2364.) J. Parryi, Engelm., Mon. June, 44*!. 
 J. arclicus, var. gracili)* f Gray in PI. Parry, 34. 
 On the western summit of the North Kootanie Pass, and on the 
 summit of the South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) 
 On the grassy summits of the mountains near the Glacier Hotel, 
 Selkirk Mountains. Specimens over a fool high and having all the 
 characters of this species were gathered in quantity during the past 
 summer (188T) on Mount Benson and Mount Mark, alt. 3,000 feet, and 
 on Mount Arrowsmith, alt. 5,000 feet, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 I 
 
58 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SORVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 2365.) J. trifldUd, Linn.; P^ngelm., Men. June. 447. 
 
 Mountain summits or far north. Newfoundland. (Engelmann.) Sum- 
 mit of Mount Albert, Gasp^, Q., alt. 4,000 feet, 1882. (Macoun. 
 Porter.) Southern Greenland. {Hook. Arct. PL) 
 
 (23(]<J,) J. biglumiS, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. 11., 192. 
 
 Arctic sea-coast and islands; Rocky Mountains, north of Smoking 
 Eivei-; Bay of Good Hope, Behrintf Straits. (Hooker, FL) Kotzebuo 
 Sound. (Rothr. Ala^k.) Port Kennedy, Boothian Peninsula. (Br. 
 Walker.) (.'oast to snow line on both sides of Baffin Bay. (J. Taylor.) 
 Greenland. {B. Broivn.) 
 
 (2367.) J. triglumiS, Linn.; Hoolc, Fl. II., 192. 
 
 Mountain summits and Arctic coasts. Ungava Bay, Labrador coast. 
 (Barmton.) In mountain woO(,ls, along streams on mud at Castle 
 Mountain and Kicking Horse Lake, liocky Mountains. {Macoun.) Fort 
 George and the South Twin Island, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 Arctic sea-coast; alpine fswiimps in the Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 Greenland. {R. Broun.) 
 
 (23(i8.) J. Stygius, Linn. ; Engelm.. Mon. June, 448. 
 
 Peat bogs, and northwari! rather rare or seldom collected. Peat 
 bogs at Eichilmcto and Point Ksouminac, Andover and Salmon liiver, 
 and near St. John, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Oampbellton, N.B. {Chalmers.) 
 Dalhousic, N.B. {Fletcher) Peat bog, Salt Lake, Anticosti. {Mai'oun.) 
 Newfoundland. (Engelmann.) 
 
 (2369.) J. castaneus, Smith ; liooU., Fl. II., 192. 
 
 Mountain summits and Arctic shores. Ungava Ba}-, Labrador 
 coast. {Barnsfon.y Ellis Bay. Anticosti. (St. Cyr.) Abundant along 
 the Bow Iviver at Castle Mountain, and westward in the river valley 
 and over the summit to Kicking Horse Lake, where it is particularly 
 abundant, 1885. {Macoun.) Lewis Kiver, lat. 61" north of British 
 Columbia. {Dair,<i0n.) York Factory, Hudson Bay; Edmonton on 
 the Saskatchewan, and west to the Rock}' Mountains, thence to 
 Bear Lake ; North West i-oast, fi-om Ounalashka to Kotzebuo Sound. 
 {Hooker, FL) Grows where water has stood in the early part of the 
 season, west side of Cumberland fTtilf (./. Tiiylor.) Gi-eonland. 
 {E. Brown.) 
 
 (2370.) J. Vaseyi, Hngelm., Mon. .Tunc, .^S. 
 
 Wet (*r damp meadows, chiefly in the prairie region. Meadows at 
 the Pic, Lake Supeiior, and on Flat Eock Portage, Lake Nipigon; not 
 
CATALOGLE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 59 
 
 uncommon on tho prairies as far west as Brandon. As this species 
 has a close resemblance to .7. tenuis, it is probable that it is often passed 
 over for that species. On the .Saskatchewan. (Bourgeon.) Island of 
 Orleans. (»Si^. Cyr.) 
 
 (2371.) J. Creenii, Oakcs & Tuckerm. Sill. .Tourn. 45 (1843.) 
 
 Very likely rare in all parts of Canada, or may be ovei-looked as a 
 form of .7. tenuis. Wet sandy places, Kouchibougiiasis, Kent Co., X. B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Wet .sand, shoi'e of Hog Lake, North Hastings, Ont. 
 (Macoun.) Sandy shoi-e and crevices of rocks, Port Cockburn, Lake 
 .Foseph, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 (2372.) J. tenuis, Willd.; Hook., Fi. IL, 191; Pursh. Fl.I., 238. 
 
 7. hicornis, Pursli, Fl. I., 236; llichx., Fl. I., 191 
 
 Eather common from the Atlantic to the Pacific, usually in boggy i)as- 
 turos or along old roads in woods. On Halifax Common, N.S. (So7nmers.) 
 (Common at Truro, Windsor and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Wet 
 ])laccs, (ioldenville, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Fariliault.) Common; Hope- 
 well Cape, and Andover, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Valcarticr and IJeau- 
 mont, Q. (St. Cyr.) Hamilton's Farm, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fleti'her, Fl. Ott.) Common at Pi-escolt, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Abundant in wet meadows in central Ontario. (Jfitroun.) 
 Noighborhood of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Niagara Fails, and low 
 grounds at London, Ont. (Burgess.) Wot meadows, Owen Sound ; 
 Little Flat Pock Portage, Lake Nipigon; very abundant throughout 
 the prairie region and northward in the mixed forest country to the 
 Peace Eiver. (Macoun.) Kabinakagami Lake, Oat.; Oxford Huuse 
 and Nel.son River, Keewatin. {R. Bell.) Laki' 3Iistas>ini, X.F.T. ; 
 Severn River, Keewatin ; and Souris River, Man. (./. M. Macoun.) 
 Pathor common in meadows and damp pastures in man}" parts of 
 \'ancouver island, esj)eoially tiroiind Victoria. (Macoun.) Pit#iivor. 
 l^.C. (Hill.) Lake Huron to Boar Lake, and from Hudson P)ay to 
 tiio sources of the Columbia in the Poeky Mountains. (lio'jker, Fl.) 
 
 \'ar. (i. secundus, Kngelm., .Mon. .June, A')Q. 
 
 Apparently rare or sehlom eollooted. Bass, and Salmon rivers. N. H. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Occasionally met with between Fdmonton and Little 
 Slave Lake. Our specimens are from this region. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. r. COngestUS, Kngelm., Mon. .lune., 450. 
 
 Common in numerous meadows, at Oak Bay and Cedar Hill, near 
 \'ietoria, Vancouver Island, 1S87. (Macoun.) 
 
60 
 
 (lEOLOGICAL SORVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 ■i 
 
 «2;]73.) J. Cerardi, Lois. Notic. GO, (1810.) (BLACK GRASS.) 
 
 In salt marshes along the Atlantic coast. Windsor, N.S. {Howe.) 
 Salt marshes at Truro and Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) 
 Magdalen Islands and Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Salt mai-shes at Kou- 
 fhibougiiasis, and St. John, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Beaumont Lake, Q. 
 (St. Ci/r.) Salt mai'sh at the head of James Bay, Victoria, Vancouver 
 Island, 1887. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2:574.) J. bufonius, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. II., 190; Pursh, Fl. I., 238. 
 Abundant in suitable localities from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Brigus and Petty Harbor, Newfoundland. (R. Bell.) Boggy places 
 at Annapolis and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Veiy common through- 
 out New Brunswick. (Fowler, Cat.) Abundant at Salt Lake and 
 Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Thunder Rivei', Q. (St. Cijr.) 
 Hamilton's Farm, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Low wet places, 
 ([uite common at Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common at Prescott, 
 Ont. (Billings.) Very abundant in overflowed spots by brooks and 
 rivers in central Ontario, and around Lake Superior. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity- of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) On roadsides at Port Stanley, 
 Lake Erie, and at Poi-t Arthur, on Lake Superior. (Burgess.) Abun- 
 dant on mud by rivers throughout the prairie region and on the 
 Cypress Hills ; also abundant in muddy places on Vancouver Island, 
 at Victoria, Nanaimo, Qualicum and Alberni. (Macoun.) Sitka, 
 Alaska. (Meehan.) Throughout Canada to Bear Lake; North West 
 coast, abundant. (Hooker, Fl.) Greenland. (Lange). 
 
 Var. fasciculiflorus, Boias. ; lilngclm. M(m. Jui c, 451. 
 
 Apparently rare oi- overlooked. Muddy places at Belleville, Ont., 
 1870 ; in abundance on King's P"'arm, Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Van- 
 couver Island, 1887. Easily distinguished from the species by the 
 flowers gathered in fascicles instead of being single on the branches 
 as in ttxc species. 
 
 (^2375.) J. falcatUS, Iv Meyer. Synops. Liizul. 34. 
 /. McnziiRii, U. Br. ; Hook., Fl. II., 192. 
 Very abundant on the grassy margins of lakes; amongst gravel in 
 many jiarts of Vancouver Itiand. Shawnigan Lake ; various places at 
 Nanaimo, Qualicum and Alberni ; also at Home and Cameron lakes. 
 (Macoun.) Nimpkish Lake, north end of Vancouver Island. (Dawson.) 
 OutuUashka, and Sitka. (Eothr. Alask.) North West coast. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2:}76.) J. longistylis, Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound., 323. 
 /. Moiziesii, Gray, PL, Hall & Harb., 77. 
 Abundant on many parts of the prairie region. Rather com- 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 (11 
 
 mon ut Windsor on the Detroit River, 1885. (Macoun.) First Branch 
 of Millc Eivcr, 49th pivrallel, {Dawson.) Maple Creek, Alberta. 
 (/. M. Macoun.) Frequent in damp giassy thickets from Winnipeg 
 to Fidraonton and south to the Cypress Hills and Calgary , from thence 
 up the Bow Eiver to Laggan, in the centre of the liockj' Mountains. 
 (Macoun.) % 
 
 (;237'7.) J. marginatus, Eostk. 
 
 Mon. June, 455. 
 
 var 
 
 paucicapitatus, Kngoln 
 
 The only locality for this species known to us is Elliott's Falls, tTuli 
 River, Victoria Co., Ont., 1868. (Macoun.) Engelmann in " Normal 
 Flerbarium" credits his No. 34 to Canada West, cm the authoi-ity of 
 Bigelow. 
 
 (2378.) J. pelocarpus, F. Meyer. Synop^.. Luzul. 30. 
 
 J. Conradi, Gray, Man. Ed. II., 482. 
 /. acutiJIoruK, Hook., Fl. II., 190. 
 
 In wet sand along rivers or lakos, apparently rare. From New- 
 foundland westward to Lake Supcrioi-. (Engelmann.) Bocabec, ami 
 Qiiaco, N.B. (Folder, Cat.) On the bank of the Ottawa, above 
 Britannia, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) On the shores of lakes 
 and small streams in North Hastings and Addington Co's,, Ont. 
 (Macoun.) AVet gravelly shoi'o, Lake .loseph, Muskoka Co, Ont. 
 (Bur (jess.) 
 
 Var. y (?) SUbtiliS, Engelra., Mon. June, 4r)G. 
 
 J.jMtam, Michx., Fl. I., 191. 
 J. uligiiw.iw, li. mbtili.f, Hook., Fl. II., 191. 
 Chicoutimi, about 100 miles north of Quebec, 
 above locality was given to Dr. iMigelman by Prof, 
 Laval University, t^uebec. Both are now dead. 
 
 (Michauj.:) The 
 Ovide Bruiiet, ot 
 
 (237'J.) J. articulatUS, Linn.; Kngelm., Mon. June, 458. 
 
 Kngelmann states that this species, as far as he is aware, is contined 
 to the New Kngland States, and that the next species takes its place to 
 the northward and westward. Wet ditch at Windsor, N.S., and at 
 North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Bur<jess.) Hampton, Petit- 
 codiac, Baio Verte, and Clifton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Fox River, 
 Gaspe coast. (Macoun.) 
 
«2 
 
 QEOLOQICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 (2380.) J. alpinus, Villars., var. insignis. Fries. 
 
 /. RichardKoynanm Rcuin. & .Sclmlt. ; Hook. Fl. II., 191. 
 
 /. aculiform, Hook., Fl. II., 190. 
 
 /. pelocarpm, Gray, Man. Ed. I., 507, in part. 
 
 /. arliculatuK, var. pdocarpw, Gray, Man. Ed. II., 482, in part. 
 
 /. idiginosm, var. minor, Hook., Fl. II., 191. 
 
 Very abundant by lake and rivor margins, in sand or gravel. Very 
 otten in the water, and sometimes floating or reclining or rooting in 
 the mud. On sand, Liscomb River, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) 
 Magdalen Islands, N.S. (.7. liichardson.) Truro, N.S. ; South West 
 Point, Salt Lake, and .Jupiter River, Anticosti ; River Ste. Anne des 
 Monts, (rasp^, (J. {^facoun) Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.) Abundant 
 on sandy banks of the River Rouge, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) 
 Muddy or gravelly places along the Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Ditches and boggy places, at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Common in 
 wet sand}' places along the Great Lakes and throughout centi'al 
 Ontario. (Macoun.) Wot gravoUj' shore. Parry Sound, Georgian Bay ; 
 at Southampton, Ont. ; Point aux Pins, Lake Im-Ic. (Burgess.) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, On(. (Buchan.) Very abundant along all the watercourses 
 and fresh water lakes in the prairie I'ogioii, and extending north 
 to the Peace Jiiver und Athabasca; specimens from Thunder Creek, 
 Cypress Hills, How River at Calgary ; Kananaskis, Castle Mountain and 
 Kicking Horse Lake, in the Iiocky Mountains; abundant on the 
 borders of Home, Cameron and Shawnigan lakes. Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Wooded country to the Mackenzie River; Arctic sea-coast, 
 and from Slave Lake to the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Two 
 remarkable forms of this species have been gathered on Vancouver 
 Island. A foi-m floating on mud in a small lake at the Wellington 
 Mine, Departure iiay, exactly matches specimens I'cccived from the 
 British Museum without a name, gathered by Barclay at Port Etches, 
 Alaska. The other is a tall, less compact form than the species, with 
 longer scales, and in most cases two or more viviparous flowers in the 
 heads. The latter was collected at Home Lake, .luly 27, 1887. 
 
 (2381.) J. miiitaris, I)igeh)W, Fl. Host. Ed. II. 13!), i;i824.) 
 
 Apparently v y rare in the Maritime Provinces. Wet places, 
 Caledonia, Guysb o Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Near St. Steiihen, N.B. 
 (Vroom.) 
 
 W 
 
 shor 
 Can: 
 
 (238 
 
 (2382.) J. acuminatus, Michx., var. a. 
 Mon. June, 463. 
 
 /. acumhiatun, Michx., Fl. 1., 192. 
 
 ,J. paradoxuK, E. Meyer. ; Gray, jMan. Ed. II., 481 
 
 J.fraternuK, Kunth. Enum. III., 332. 
 
 legitimuSi Kngelm., 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 63 
 
 We have no authentic specimens of thin species except from the 
 shores of Lake Erie, at Pclce Point, and from Kssox Centre, on the 
 Canada Southern Eailway, 1882. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2383.) J. nodosus, var. o. genuinus, Kngi"lm.,Mon..liinc., 471. 
 /. nodofius, Linn ; Gray, Man. Kd. II., 4S2 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1898. 
 J. polijcephalwi, var. .f. lenuifoliug, Hook., Fl. II., 190. 
 J. Bostkorii, La Harjje, Mon. tlunc, 133. 
 .1. cchimttm, Mulil. Ridi., App. p. 11. 
 
 Quite common in many localities, ranging from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacitic. Wet sandy hottom, at Whycocoinngh, Cape Breton. {Macoxin.) 
 Kestigduche, Campl)ellton, Andovcr, Salmon River, Green River and 
 Upper St. John, N. B. {Fowler, Cat.) Salt Lake, Anticosti, and at 
 Fox River, Gaspe coast. {Macoun.) St. Charles River, Q. {St. Cyr.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher. Fl. Ott.) Common at Prescott, Ont. 
 (BilluKjs.) Border of Salmon River, near Shannonville, Hastings Co., 
 Ont.; in small brooks, Victoria Co., and at Owen Sound, Ont. {Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Bwlian.) Wet river flat, London, and 
 at Southampton, Ont. {Bunje&s.) La Cloche Island, Georgian Bay. 
 {R. Bell.) Xorth shore of Lake Superioi'. {Agassiz.) Shores of 
 Thunder Baj", Lake Superior, and on the shore of Lake Nipigon, at 
 Humboldt Ba}'. {Macoun.) Klk Island, Lake Winnipeg. {J.M. Macoun.) 
 Rather common in the bed of the Saskatchewan and its branches; not 
 detected in the Rocky Mountains, and only spuringlyat Donald, in the 
 Columbia Valley. {Macoun.) Along the Thompson River, at Spenco's 
 Bridge, B.C. {Fletcher.) Canada to Bear Lake. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 The tall (brm mentioned by Dr. Gray (Manual 542) as occurring on 
 I lie islands above Niagara Falls, has been gathered at Point aux Pins, 
 Lake Mrie. by Dr. Burgess. 
 
 \'ar. megacephalUS, Torr., Bot. N. York 11., 32(;. 
 ./. meijaLrpliulu^, Wood, Bot., 724. 
 Low rich soil or lake margins. Toronto Island, Lake Ontario. 
 {Burfjess. Macoun.) Burlington Marsh, near Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan.) 
 Abundant in many places in low wet situations throughout Manitoba, 
 extending west to the File Hills and Elbow of the South Saskatchewan. 
 (Macoun.) Point aux Pins, Lake Erie. {Burgess.) 
 
 (2384.) J. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. a. COarctatUS, Kngelm., 
 Mon. June, 473. 
 
 ,/. Canademns, ji, J. Gay, La Harpo Mon., 134. 
 /. accuminutus, Torr. Bot., N. York, II., 327. 
 J. acutiflona, fi, minor, Hook., Fl. II., 190. (?) 
 Low grounds, especially along lake margins; not uncommon. Bed- 
 
64 
 
 OEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 ford and Pictou, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Eiver bottom, Wliycocomngh, 
 and North Sydney, Cape Breton ; border of a lakelet, Canso, N.S. 
 (Macoun.) liatbcr common in Kent Co.; Bocabec and Chipman, N. B. 
 {Fowler, Gat.) Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Vicinity of Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Borders of various lakes in Hastings, Addington, 
 and Victoria Go's., Ont. (Macoun.) Low sandy places. Port Cock- 
 burn, Muskoka Co. ; also in dilclies at Leamington, Ont. (Buroess.) 
 Point Edward, Lake St. Clair, Ont. ; Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. (J. i^/. 
 Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (^Btichan.) 
 
 Var. S. longecaudatUS, Engelm., Mon. June, 4'74. 
 
 J. paradoxus. Gray, Man. Ed. II, 483. 
 
 /. pohjcqyhalus, i\ paradoxus, Torr. Bot., N. York, II., 327. 
 
 Hasily separated from the piecoding variety, as it is much taller and 
 has many fiowoied heads. Common in Kent Co., N.B. (^Fowler, Cat.) 
 (iuU Eiver, Victoria Co., Ont., and Point Edwai-d, Lake Huron. 
 {Macoun.) Mossy bog, London, Ont. {Buryess. Millman.) SaultSte. 
 Mario. {Burgess.) 
 
 (2385.) J. Mertensianus, Bong. Veg. Sitcha, (1833.) 
 
 J. msifoHus, var. minor. Hook , Fl. II., 191, in part. 
 
 Wet places along mountain brooks. Camp Akamina, Rocky Moun- 
 tains, 6,000 feet alt. South Kootanie Pass, 4!1th raralicl. {Dawson.) 
 On the summit of Copper and Castle mountains, llocky Moui. tains. 
 {Macoun.) Alpine swamps of the Rocky Mountains, north of the 
 Smoky River; Sitka to Ounalashka. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 Var. p, paniculatUSy Kngelm., Mon. June, 479. 
 
 Collected in the Rocky Mountains along the Bow River, by Bour- 
 geau. {Ewjelmann.) 
 
 (2386.) J. xiphoides, E. Meyer, Var. ;'. montanus, Engelm., 
 Mon. June, 481. 
 
 /. ensifolim, var. major, Hook., Fl. 11., 191. 
 
 Not uncommon in the Rocky Mountains. South Fork of Belly 
 River, 49th parallel ; Flathead River, B.C. {Dawson.) In brooks in 
 the Cypress Hills, and westward along the Bow River throughout the 
 Rocky Mountains, and northwaid along the North Saskatchewan, at 
 Fort Pitt and Edmonton; also along Beaver Creek, in the Selkirk 
 Mountains. {Macoun.) 
 
 ps| (2389.) 
 
 Th 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 65 
 
 L'lni., 
 
 Var. a. littoralis, Kngelm., Men. .Tunc, 481, 
 
 Abundant along the Somas River, at Alberni, and in marshes cover- 
 ed by high tide at the mouth of that riVer, on the west coast of Van- 
 couver Island, 1887. {Macoun.) 
 
 Var. S. macranthUSy Kngclm., Mon. .Func, 482. 
 
 J- poli/cepltalus, v.ar. crai'-iifoliun, Hook., Fl, II., 190, in part- 
 
 Ounalashka, Xorth West coast, and Cascade Mountains, {Engelmann.) 
 (Common in ditclies and by the margins of brooks, rivers and lakes, 
 near Victoria, Naiiaimo, (^ualicum and Alberni, Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Nimpkish Lake, Vancouver Island, (Datmon.) Fort Wran- 
 gel, Alaska. (Mechan.) Xorth West coast; frequent. {Hooher. Fl.) 
 
 Var, f. triandrus, Engelm, Mon. .Tunc, 482. 
 
 /. erimfoliuR, var. minor, Hook., Fl. II., 190, in part. 
 
 Prom Ounalashka to the Cascade Mountains. (Engelmann.) Abun- 
 dant on the margins of lakes and by streams, on Vancouver Island, 
 Langford Lake, Horne Lake, and Barclay Sound. (Macoun.) Sitka to 
 Ounalashka. (Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2387.) J. NevadensiS, "VVatson, Proced. Am. Acad. XIV., 30;5. 
 /. plutnccphaluf, var. (jraeilit', Engo.lni., Mon. .Tunc, 484. 
 Ladners Landing, and Now AVestminister, along the Fraser River, 
 B.C., 1883. (Fletclier.) Abuntlant in marshes at the head of Barclay 
 Sound, and along Chinaman Creek and Somtis River that flow into it. 
 on the west coast of Vancouver Island. (Miwoun.) 
 
 (2388.) J, supiniformis, Engclm., Mon. June, 461. 
 
 Stems generally Hoating in water and often rooting at the nodes. 
 Whore the water recedes the plants grow upright and the heads are 
 larger. Small ponds at the mouth of the Somas River, and along 
 Sproat Lake, six miles from Alberni, west side of Vancouver Island. 
 1887. (Macoiin.) 
 
 638. LUZULA, DC. WOOD-RUSH.) 
 
 (238'.1.) L. spadicea, DC. vai'. parviflora, Meyer, Linmoa.. 
 XXII,, 3'J9, 
 
 L, melanocarpa , var, i, Hook,, Fl. II., 1S8. 
 L. spadicea, ilacoun, Cat. No. 1879. 
 
 This form is abundant in favourable places from the Atlantic to the 
 o 
 
66 
 
 OEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Pacific, but is alwiiys found in cool situations. Cumberland Islands, 
 Arctic coast. {Parry.) Xowfoundland. (^Cormack.) Nain, coast of 
 Labrador. (Jt. Bell.) Upper Gasporeau, Queen's Co., N.B. (Wetmore.) 
 Salt Lake, Auticosti. {Macoun.) Mount Albert, Gasp^, Q. (Macoun. 
 Porter.) Tiuindor River, Q. (St.Cyr.) Lalvc Mistassini, N.E.T. (J.M. 
 Macoun.) Common along the north shore of Lake Superior and west- 
 ward to Rainy Lake, and the Lake of the Woods ; abundant in the 
 Rocky Mountains, from Canmore west to Hector ; common along 
 small streams in the mountainous parts of Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 Goose Ci-eek [Mountains, 5,800 feet alt., Cariboo, B.C. (Bowman.) 
 Port Etches, Alaska. (Barclay.) Sitka, Ounalashka. and Kotzebue 
 Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.) North 
 West Amerii.'!i, from the Columbia to Kotzebue Sound. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 Var. melanocarpa, E. Meyoi-. 
 
 L. 2MnriJtor<i, \a,r. melanocurpa, (jiay, Man. Ed. V., 536. 
 Juncus mdanorarpuK, Michx., Fl. I., 190 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 238. 
 
 This form is easily distinguished from the pj-eceding by its dark 
 brown capsules, and the more contracted habit of the inflorescence. 
 Labrador. {Dr. Morrison.) St. John, N.B. (Millman.) Shore of Lake 
 Superior, at the Pic, and along Current River, Thunder Bay. (Macoun.) 
 ObaLake, Ont. ; Hayes River, and west coast of Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) 
 On the higher Rocky Mountains, in the Bow River Pass, and north- 
 ward to the Peace River Pass, lat. 56°, and west to Fort McLeod, lat. 
 55°, B.C. (Macoun.) Camp Akamina, 49th parallel. South Kootanie 
 Pass, and western summit of the North Kootanio Pass, Rocky Moun- 
 tains; Jvlootch-oot-a Lake, B.C.; Lake Lindeman, lat. 00°, and hills 
 north of Finlay.son Lake, lat. 61° 40". (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound- 
 (Beechy.) Throughout the wooded country to the prairies of the Rocky 
 Mountains. (Hooker, Ft.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 Var. SUbcongesta, Watson, Bot. Calif. II., 202. 
 
 Not uncommon in the mountains near lat. 49°. Western summit of 
 North Kootanie Pass, and in the South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun- 
 tains. (Dawson.) A form between this and var. parvijtora has been 
 gathered at Golden City, in the Columbia Valley-. The capsules and 
 sepals aie very light colored, and approach the west coast form of the 
 above variety. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2390.) L. divaricata, Watson, Proced. Am. Acad. XIV., 302. 
 
 Abundant in deep shade along the mountain brooks at (ioldstream, 
 Vancouver Island, anil probably common, though overlooked. {Macoun.) 
 
 Var. ;/. 
 
 Flowers 
 
 The for: 
 
 tion and 
 
 genus is n 
 
CATALOCJUE OF CANADfAN PLANTS. 
 
 «7 
 
 lit of 
 
 [oun- 
 
 boen 
 
 ami 
 
 It" the 
 
 Iream, 
 
 Icown.) 
 
 Vicinity of Vancouvoi- city, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) This Hpocics Hoom.s 
 to have very light-colorod capsules and sepals, and has a very ditt'orent 
 <'yme from var. parviflora, which is well described by (he uarae. 
 
 (2391.) L. pilosa, Willd.; Hook., Fl. IF., 188. 
 
 Not uncommon in rich, and sandy woods throughout Ontario, but 
 more sparingly distributed eastward. Newfoundland. (lieehs.) Truro, 
 and Windsor, N.S. (Macouii.) Common in old fields, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 (}omin-wo()ds, near Quebec. (St.Ci/r.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Thicket a mile west of I'rescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Bxichan.) Tbickets at Kingston and London, Ont. 
 (Millman.) Sandy woodland near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Open woods 
 at Sudbury Junction, and at North IJay, Lake Nipissing; not uncom- 
 mon in woods at Belleville and numerous places in the adjoining coun- 
 ties J woods at Nipigon, Lake Superior, and on top of a cla^' bank 
 twenty-five miles up the Kaministiqua lliver, (Macoun.) Canada to 
 the Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 var. ^c 
 
 . vulgaris, Hook., Fl. 
 
 (2302.) L. campestris, Dcsv. 
 11., 188. 
 
 Juncus campegtris, VMld. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 238. 
 Rather common in dry meadows, or open woods. Newfoundland. 
 (Cormack.) New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Rev. A. Waghorne.) Hali- 
 fax, N.S. (Sommers.) Magdalen Islands, N.S. (J. Richardson.) Truro, 
 Yarmouth, and Kingston, N.S. (Macoun.) Dry fields; common, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) South side of Gasp^ 
 Basin, Q. (J.Bell.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Thicket 
 a mile west of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Dry woods and meadows at 
 Belleville, and Shannonville, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Sandy 
 woodland, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Thickets at Kingston ,and Lon- 
 don, Ont. (Millman.) This variety has ilense brown beads and is 
 quite distinct in color from the next, which has pale heads of fruit and 
 flowers. 
 
 Var. /i. pallescens, Hook., Fl. II., 188. 
 
 Quite common in meadows at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Lake 
 Winnipeg to the Saskatchewan, and fi-om the Lake of the Woods to the 
 Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 Var. y. comosa, Hook., Fl. II., 188. 
 
 Flowers in a dense solitary brown head. Bear Lake. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 The forms of this and the following species require careful examina- 
 tion and comparison with Eluropean species, and indeed the whole 
 genus is much in need of a complete revision. 
 
68 
 
 aEOLOaiCAIi SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 (2393.) L. COmosa, K. Mcyor. Linnsen. XXII., 413. 
 
 Like the preceding species this is subject to many vurieties, and 
 being seldom collected its range can scarcely be made out. Not un- 
 common in old fields and by roadsides at Victoria, and near the sum- 
 mit of Mount Arrowsinitb, alt. 5,200 foot, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 Nootka Sound, and Port Mulgi-ave ; from the Eocky Mountains to the 
 Pacific Ocean. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 V^ur. macrantha, Watson, Bot. Calif. II., 203. 
 
 As wo understand this vai'ioty, its sepals are long with a dark brown 
 centre, the end and sides being scarious and white. Abundant at 
 Victoria, Cedar Hill, Nanaimo, and Chase River, \'ancouvor Island. 
 (Macoun.) Coast of Vancouver Island. (Cowley.) 
 
 Var. SUbsessiliS, Watson, Hot. Calif. I!., 203. 
 
 Much like the preceding, but the heads few or solitary, and almost 
 sessile, approaching the next but easily distinguished by the scarious, 
 brownish bracts. Abundant under oaks at Cedar Hill, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. congesta, Watson, V,o\. Calif. II., 203. 
 
 L. campMtrii>, var. com/rHa, Meyer, (as regards America.) 
 
 Very abundant everywhere along the coast of Vancouver Island, 
 but particularly at Nanaimo ; Fort ]\r-Lood, B.C., hit. 55°. (Macoun.) 
 Around A''ancouver city, ii.C (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (231)4.) L. spicata, Desv. ; Hook., Fl. II., 188. 
 
 High mountains and far northward. Ungava Bay, Labrador. (Barn- 
 ston.) Ford's Harbor, coastof Laljrador ; Stuparts Bay, Ca])e Prince of 
 Wales, and Nottingham* Island, oft' Cape Wolstonholme, Hudson Sti-ait. 
 (R. Bell.) Fort George, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) Ivotzobue 
 Sound. (Beechy.) Labrador, and Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 On the summits of the higher Rocky .Mountains, at Castle Mt., and 
 Jticking Horse Lake, Bow Rivei' valley. (Macoun.) Island of St. 
 Lawience, and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) (Ireenlaiid. (Hooker, 
 Arct. PL) A lai-ge form found growing in abundance on Mount 
 Arrrowsmith, Vancouver Island, at an altitude of 5,200 feet, is referred 
 to this species by Dr. Britton, of Columbia College. Many specimens 
 are almost a foot high, and have a spike from an inch to an inch and a 
 half long. The lowest spikelet is rather remote, and usually has a bract 
 longer than the whole .spike. Scales very long and ciliate. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2395.) L. hyperborea, R. Br., var. a. major, Hook., Fl. II., 188. 
 Apparently confined to the northern coasts and islands. Cumberland 
 
OATALOaUE OF OANAMAN PLANTS. 
 
 69 
 
 Islands, Arctic coast. (Parri/,) N()ttiii;,'liiim Island, off (.'upo Wol- 
 stoidiidmo, ITiidnon Strait. {/{. Bell.) Hotwcoii Kort Clniicliill imd 
 l{o|)ulso Hay, and tlionco to Capo Liidy P0II3'. {^Dr. Rue.) Point 
 BaiTow, Arotio sou. {John Murdoch.) Arctic 80iv-coa.Hts and islands. 
 {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. /i. minor, llook., l-'i. IF., IS!). 
 
 Most elevated of the lloc'ky Mountains. ( ffuo/;cr, Fl.) Lango, in 
 the Botany of Greenland, rofors this vai-ioty to L, orctica, lUi/tt. The 
 whole goniis seems in great confusion and needs conipicto revision. 
 
 (2'.vm;.) l. arcuata, IlooU- , Vl ll., 18!». 
 
 On hii^h mountains and northward. (.'umi)orland Islands, Arctic 
 coast. (Parry.) Ungava Bay, Labrador, ilidrnslon.) Xatdivak, coast 
 of Labrador; Oape dhudloigh, and Nottingham Island, otV Cape Wol- 
 stenliolme, lluilson Strait. {Ji. Bell.) Kolzel)ue Sound. (Beechy.) 
 Lancaster Sound, and Port Kennedy. (Dr. Walker.) Gi-eenland. (j&rt«ye.) 
 
 (;xi. typiia(;k.i:. Cat-tafl famh.v. 
 
 639. TYPHA, Linn. Gen. 1040. (OAT-TAIL FLAG.) 
 
 (2;W7.) T. latifolia, Linn.; Hook., Fl. LI., 170. 
 
 Common in marshes and ponds from the Atlantic lo the Pacific. 
 Wo are not aware of any dilloronco of form between the specimens 
 collected in the Atlantic provinces and those collected on Vancouver 
 Island. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 {•I'lm.) T. angUStifolia, Linn.; Gray, Man. Kd. V., 480. 
 
 Apparently ri.re in Canada, but possibly overlooked, lioaver Bank, 
 Halifax Co., N.S. {Sommers, Cat.) Win<lsor, N.S. {McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, FL Ott.) Marsh near the railway, 
 two miles south of Madoc, Hastings Co., Ont. (Ami.) Referred 
 to Xowfoundland by LJeoks, but of doubtfid occurence. 
 
 640. SPARCANIUM, Linn. Gen. 1041. (BUR-REED.) 
 
 (23!»9.) 8. eurycarpum, Engelm. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 481. 
 iS. ramosum, Huds. ; Hook., Fl. II., 169, in part. 
 Not uncommon but seldom collected. Chiefly along the margins of 
 
w 
 
 OEOI.OOIOAli SURVEY OK CANADA, 
 
 m 
 
 pondH uixi luUoH. Nowf'oundland. (Reehs.) Iliililiix, IMctou, uiid 
 Oyster Potidn, (iiiysboio Co., N.S. (Sommern, Cat.) Kontvillo, and 
 Capo Blomidon, N.S. (Macoun.) IMctou Co., N.S. (McKay.) Com- 
 raon at St. Louiw Dam and other placcH near Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Abundant in marslieH near i'roHColt Junction, Out. (Jiitlintjs.) 
 ('ommon in tlio Bay of (juinto and in tho still waters of the Trent 
 River, Nortliumborlund Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Mai-NlicH, Burlinf^ton 
 May, Hamilton, Ont. (Loijie.) London, Ont., and in tho LaUo of the 
 Woodrt. (Burgess.) Komptville, Ont. (Porter.) MisHinaibi River, 
 Ont. (R. Bdl.) In water at London, and Nowboro, Ont. (Millman.) 
 I'ondH, CypreHH Hills, Alhorta. (Macoun.) 
 
 (24U0.) 8. androcladum, Morong. (MS.) 
 
 S. ramomm, Smith, ; Pursli, Vl. II., 33 ; Honk., Fl. IT., lO!), in part. 
 iS. girnphx, var. mulrocladum, Eiinelni. Gray, Man. Ed, V.,481 ; Macoun 
 Cat. No. 1722, var. androdadum. 
 
 Eeferencos made to *Si. curycarpum, no doubt, in some cases belong 
 hero, but except as regards our own specimens wo have no moans 
 of determining. Indian Cove, Pictou Co., N.S. (McKay.) Norton, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Lachino Wood, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) 
 Common in the Nation River at Casselman, near Ottawa; in tho Hay 
 of Quinto, and not infrequent on tho margins of ponds and lakelets in 
 centi'al Ontario. (Macoun.) At London, Ont. ; and in Lako Joseph, 
 Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Not uncommon in marshes neai' Cedar 
 Hill, and at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Cumberland 
 House, on the Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. fluctuans, Morong. (MS.) 
 
 >S'. simplex, var. fluilanK, Eniielm. ; Gray, Man. Ed. \'., 481 
 
 Tho branched infloresonce includes this form with S. androdadum. 
 Marshes, CampboUton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Severn River, Koewatin. 
 (./ M. Macoun.) 
 
 (240L) S. Simplex, Huds. ; Pursh, PI. L, 34; Hook., Fl. IL, 169. 
 S. simplea:, Hude., var. NuUallii, Engelm. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 481. 
 Under one form or another this species extends fiom the Atlantic to 
 tho Pacific. Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) Labi'ador. (Butler.) 
 Windsor, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Pictou Co., and Magdalen Islands, 
 N.S. (McKay.) Smith's Mills, near Truro, N.S. (Campbell.) Marshy 
 brook at Windsor, N.S, ; Black Crook, near Louisburg, Capo Breton. 
 (Macoun.) Caledonia.GuysboroCo., N.S. (Faribault.) Salt Lake, Anti- 
 costi.and in Fox River, Gaspe, Q. (Macoun.) Ouatchechow, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 In wet places and borders of lakes, Bass River, and Welsford ; St. 
 
 !,1 
 
CATAI.OdUK (tK (JANAOrAN T'KANTM. 
 
 71 
 
 John Co., N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Moiulows noiir (iro^orv'H, Moritfoal, 
 18*21. (Dr. Holmes.) Durham, q. (Mcdill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity ..f 
 OKawti; common. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Mudciy Crook, near lliicklc- 
 borry Hapida, Ar;^ontouil Co., C^. (D' f/rhan.) Conway's Crook and 
 othor phit'OH ; common at I'roHCott, Ont. (Jiiltiii(j.'<.) Mml, in liio hod 
 of Hmull HtroamH and alon;; iakos and |K)i»dH in contra! Ontario. 
 (Macoun) In wator, London, and Ihilcldoy, Ont. (Iiur(/r>is.) Abuu- 
 dant in tho inoiiihH of tho KanuniHli(j[ua iiiver, and itt marNhivs, Nipi- 
 gon Bay, Lake Superior. (Mac(nin.) Oba Lako, Ont. ; and Nelson 
 River, Koowatin, (R. Hell.) Thundor Crook, at tiie Klhow of South 
 Saskatchewan, AHsinihoia ; abundant in marhsy places, along lakes 
 and pondH throughout Vancouver Island, from Victoria to (iualicum, 
 on the cAHt coast; and in the Somas and Stamp rivers at Alborni, on the 
 west side of the island. (Macoun.) llgacho Erook, B.C. (Duwson.) 
 Throughout Canada to Koit Franklin ; abundant. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2402.) 8. afflne, Schnitzloin. 
 
 S. nntanii, Linn. ; I'ursli, Fl. II., 84 ; Hook., Fl. II., 109. 
 
 .S'. -timplex, Huds., var. anguMifoiiuvi, (iray, Mim. PJd. V., 481. 
 This species is doubtless overlooked in many sections of the country, 
 as it does not seem to bo rare; when looked for it can easily be distin- 
 guished by its narrow floating loaves. Newfoundland. (Recks.) Noilh 
 Sydney, ('ape Breton, (Macoun.) Halifax, N.S. (Sornmers, (^at.) 
 Pictou, Co., N.S. (McCulloch.) Caledonia, Guysboro Co., .V.S. (F<tri- 
 bault.) Salmon Eivor; Konnobcccasis and Bass rivers, N.B. (FoicIit, 
 Cat.) In marshes. Salt Lake, Anticosti; mouth of the ]{o8tigou( ho 
 Jliver, and Grand Valldo, Gaspo, (}.; muddy border of Partridge Lake, 
 Addington Co., Ont.; abundant in the still waters of the Trent, Sey- 
 mour, Northumberland Co., Ont., an<l in tho middle chatmol at the 
 mouth of the Kaministiqua, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) North shoro of 
 Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Lako .Fosoph, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.) 
 LakeMistassini, N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Lako of tho Woods. (Dawson.) 
 Kot/.ebue Sound, and Ounalashka. (Jlothr. Alask.) Alpine lakes of the 
 liocky Mountains ; rare, (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2403.) 8. hyperboreum, Laost.. var. Americanum, Booby. 
 
 Apparently a northern species, and evidently not raie in suitable 
 localities. Labrador. (Butler.) In a ditch near Louisbui-g, Cajie 
 Breton Island ; in a marsh at Ellis Bay, Anticosii. (Macoun.) Fort 
 George, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun,) Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay. 
 (R. Bell.) 
 
 (2404.) 8. minimum, Fries. ; Gray, Man. Fd. V., 432. 
 This and S. hyperboreumh&ve hitherto been confounded in our coUec- 
 
n 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA, 
 
 tionn, but are now separated. Canipbollton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Not 
 rare in swamps near Hcllevillc, Hastings Co., and in the mud of .small 
 ponds in Seymour, Northunibeiland Co., Ont. ; lied Deei- Lake, at 
 the head of Lake Winni])ogoosis, ;inil in marshes along the Porcu|)ine 
 Mountain, Man.; not rare in pools, growing on mud, Columl)ia Valley 
 al Donald, and westward up leaver Crook, in the Selkirk Mountains- 
 {Maeoun.) 
 
 CXU. AEOIDIO.K. Arum Family. 
 
 64^ ARIS/EMA, Martius, (INDIAN TURNIP.) 
 
 (240.5.) A. triphyllum, Tm.-.. Bot. N. York, II., 230. 
 
 Arum h-iphi/lium, T.inn. ; Hook., Fl. IT., 108 ; Pursli, Vl 11. , JiDSI. 
 
 .1. atrorubiiin, Ait. Kew. III., .Sir>. 
 Rich low woods, rather common. JIantsjiort, Pictou, Middietown, 
 and Truro N.S, (So7nmers, Oat) Truio, and Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 Common; Bass Jiivor, Woodstocdc ; St. John and King's Co's., N.B. 
 {Fowler, Vat.) Campbellton, N'.B. {Chalmers.) Bathurst, N.B. (McGill 
 Cell. Herb.) Papineau "Wood, near Montreal, 1821. {Dr. Holmes.) 
 Montreal Mountains. {McGill Coll Verb.) Common in low rich 
 wpods, Argenteuil Co., Q. {DTrban). McKay's woods, Dow's 
 swamp, and other localities near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very 
 common in woods at Prescott, Ont. {Billhu/s.) Very common in all low 
 rich woods throughout central Ontario. {3facoun.) Common around 
 Hamilton. (Jnt. {Logic) Vicinity of Lomlon, Ont. ; low rich woods 
 Emerson, Man, {Burjess.) Oi>posite Grand Island, Lake Superior. 
 (R. Bell.) 
 
 (240ti.) A. Dracontium, Schott. Molct. !., IT. 
 
 Arnm Draco7itmn, Willd. ; Pursli, Fl. II.. 400; Michx., Fl. II., 188. 
 ApparenUy confined to a small area in south-western Ontario. Low 
 rich river tlats, London, Ont. (Buri/ess.) 
 
 642 PELTANDRA, Rafin. (ARROW ARUM.) 
 
 (2407.; P. Virginfca, Haf. .louin. de Phys., 89, page 103. 
 
 Arum ]"mjitucum, lilnu. ; Tursh, Fl. II., 399. 
 Callo I'in/hnca, Miclix., Fl. II,, 187, 
 Apparently larein Ontario. Very abundant in a mavsh about a mile 
 beyond " the Ferry," Prince Edward Co,, near Belleville, Ont, (Macoun.) 
 
OATALOOUE OF CANADIAN I'LANTS. 
 
 73 
 
 643. CALLA, Linn. (WATER ARUM) 
 
 s 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 (2408. ) C. palustris, Linn. ; IIooU., Fl. [I., 16!» ; Pursh, FI. II., :'.9J). 
 liather common in mii.isheH andspi'ing brooks. ^Vindsol•, and Pietou, 
 
 N.S. ( Soiimcrs, Cat.) StraitH ofCanso, (xiiysboro Co., N.S. {Macoun.) 
 In cold muddy places; (riand Falls, ^i. Francis Pivcr, and Quispamsis, 
 Aiidover, ('liipman, Clit'lo'i, Frcdericlon, and Bathui-st i-oad, north of 
 Miramiclii, N.B, (Fmrlrr, Cat.) Common at Kivici ; du Loup, (J. 
 (Thomas.) Dow's swamp and otlioi- localities near Ottawa. (Fletrhei', 
 Fl. Ott.) N'ory common at I'lOscott, Out. {fiillini/s.) Marshes and 
 _.<iids, rather common in central Ontario. {Macoun.) LaUo Medad, 
 near Hamilton, Ont. {Loijie.) In shallow watei- at London, Ont. ; 
 Ijako Island, Lake .losepli, Muskoka Co., Ont., and Lake of the Woods. 
 {Bunjess.) London and Nowboro, Ont. { Milliaan.) Opposite Gros 
 Cap, Lake Superior. (/?. Bell.) Current River, Lake Superior, and 
 in Lake Hannah, Nipigon IJiver; also in marshes at the base of the 
 Porcupine Mountain, Man. (Macoun.) Winnipeg, and North-west 
 Angle Iload. (Dawaon.) Rupert River, N.K.T. ; Lake Winnipeg and 
 up Beren's River and down the Severn River, Kecwatin. (J. M. 
 Macoun.) Oba Lake, Ont. (R. JicLl.) Canada to the Saskatchewan 
 and Hudson J5ay. , (Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 644. LYSICHITUM, Schott. (WESTERN SKUNK 
 
 CABBAGE) 
 
 (2409.) L. Kamtschatcense, Schott.. I'rodr. Aroid., 421. 
 
 Arcliiidnwon CumtKcluiticum, <tray,SniitliS()n. ("ontril). (N Sories) IX. 409. 
 Si/mplnmrp'.Ui Kamtschalicun, lioii^i. ; Hook., 1"1. 11., 169. 
 
 Very abundant in Beaver Cieek valley, from the Columbia to Bear 
 ('reek i'l tiie Selkirk Mountains; also abundant at. Revelstoke, on the 
 Columbia, and in tha low rich woods below Vale, in theFrasei' ^'^alh'y; 
 very common in wet places in many parts of Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) \' icinity of Victoi'ia, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) North 
 West America. Sitka (Hooker, FL) Fort Wiangel, Alaska Mtehan.) 
 
 645. SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisb. SKUNK CABBAGE.) 
 
 (2410.) S. foetidus, Salisb. : Hook.. PI. II., If5». 
 
 Pothosj.,tid'i'<,Vnnh,y\. 11. :m- Mu-hx., F II., 186. 
 Rather local but abundant where ii ^jjm+wh. Swumph, of aloutj 
 
74 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 the base of hills where springs abound. Abundant near the light- 
 house, Cape Forteau, Yarmouth, N.S. {Macoun & Burgess.) Lake 
 Utopia, Milkish, King's Co. ; Nigadoo Kiver, Gloucester Co. ; near the 
 Episcopal Church, Hammond Kiver, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Common 
 at Quebec. (Thomas.) Vicinity of Montreal, 1821, (Br. Holmes.) 
 In a swamp near Perth, Lanark Co., Ont. (R B. Whyte.) In a deep 
 dell two miles north of Warkworth, Northumberland Co., Ont. ; abun- 
 dant ardund St. Thomas, and Port Stanley, Ont. ; very common on 
 Michipicotin Island, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Oaklands, near Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. (Logic.) Low grounds, London, Ont. (Burgess, Millman.) 
 Vicinity of Toronto. (Burgess.) 
 
 646. ACORUS, Linn. ISWEET<FLAG) 
 
 V 
 
 (2411.) A. Calamus, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. II., 167; Pursh, Fl. I., 235. 
 Abundant in marshes by nvers and lakes. Pennant Harbor, Hali- 
 fax Co., N.S. (Sommers.) Abundant in a marsh at Truro and r 
 Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Common on the borders of lakes -.i d 
 ponds, Kouchibouguac, Konnebeccasis, and Hopewell, N.B. (Fou , 
 Cat.) Shallow lake, Frascrville, Q. (Thomas.) Sandy banks of the 
 Eiver Eouge, Argenteuil Co., Q. (jD' Urban.) Abundant in marshes 
 around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Margin of St. Lawrence River, 
 and small streams near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Common in marshes 
 oi the Bay of Quinte, and on the shores of Lake Ontario and all still 
 waters inland, north of the lake. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 (Buchan.) Chatham, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Swamps at Kingston, 
 Ont. (Burgess, Millman.) Point Pelee marshes. Lake Brie (Burgess.) 
 Sydenham River, Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.) Oba Rivei", Ont. 
 (E. Bell.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson, Bu?-gess.) Canada to the 
 Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 CXIII. LEMNACEiE. Duckweed Family. 
 
 647. LEMNA, Linn. (DUCKWEED) 
 
 (2412.) L. trisuica, Linn. ; Hook., Kl. II., 169; Pursh, Fl. 1., 22. 
 
 Abundant in many ponds from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Ponds 
 Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Abun- 
 dant around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Conway's Creek and other 
 places near Prescott Ont. ; common. (Billings.) Very abundant in 
 
CATALOGtJB OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 W 
 
 all still watei'8 throxighout central Ontario. (Macoun.) Common in 
 marshes at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan) Marshes at Kingston, Ont. 
 {Millman.) Small lakes, Jlcd River prairie and Jjake of the Woods, 
 49th parallel. {Dawson.) Ponds, Souris Plains, Assiniboia. (./. M. 
 Macoun.) In ponds throughout the pi-airio region, on the Cypress 
 Hills and north to Peace River and Little Slave Lake; common in 
 ponds and quiet rivers atCedar Hill, Nanaimo, and Alberni, Vancouver 
 Island. {Mccoun.) Canada to lat. 58". {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2413.) L. mil, or, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. IL, lG9.; Pursh, Fl. I., 22. 
 
 Frequent in ponds from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Magdalen 
 Islands, X.S. (Me Kay.) In ponds at Truro, and in ditches at Pictou, 
 N.S. (Macoun.) Veiitcodiixc, l!i.B. (Foicler, Cat.) Vicinity of Ottawa. 
 (^Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Conway's Creek and other places near Prescott, 
 Ont. ; common. (BiUluys.) Very common in ditches and shallow 
 pools thi'oughout central Ontario. (Macoun.) Marshes near Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Buchan.) Common in the Lake of the Woods and in small 
 ponds on the Eed River prairie. (Daivson.) Abundant in pools 
 throughout the wliole prairie region, extending northward to the 
 Athabasca and Peace rivers, and westward to Quesnel, on the Fraser 
 Eiver, and throughout Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Canada to lat. 
 58°. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 
 (2414.) L. polyrrhiza, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. XL, 169; Pursh, Fl. I., 22. 
 
 Spirodela polyrrhiza, Schleid. ; Coult ^iocky Mount. Flora, 360. 
 
 Scarcely so common as the other, l)ut just as widely distributed. In 
 still water near Louisbuig. Cape Bi-eton. (Macoun.) Sussex, N.B. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Common arounil Montreal, 1821. (Br. Holmes.) Com- 
 mon in still water around Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) Conway's 
 Creek and other localities near Prescott, Ont. (Billitigs.) In ponds, 
 Gananoque, Ont, (Prof. Fowler.^ Marshes and ponds everywhere 
 throughout centi-al Ontario, especiuLly in the still waters of the River 
 Trent, and Rice Lake. (Macoun.) Mur^hes at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchnn.) 
 Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Bunjf ■<.-.) Stagnant pools near London, 
 Ont. (Burgess, Millman.) Occasionally in pools and still waters west 
 of Porcupine Mountain Man., anu westward to Little Slave Lake; 
 rather rare on Vancouvr>r IhIuikI, b;it not uncommon at Alberni, on 
 the west coast. (Macoun. ) 'Juraocrland House, on the Saskatchewan. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
m 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Of CANADA. 
 
 648. WOLFFIA, Horkel. (WOLFFIA) 
 
 (2415.) W. Columbiana, Karstcn. ; Gray, Man. Bd. V., 420. 
 
 Abundant in niai'shoB of the Baj- of Quintc, near Belleville, Ont. 
 (M'icoun.) In tiie niar.sh at the head of Bm-lington Bay, Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Btichan.) 
 
 '% 
 
 (2416.) W. Brasiliensis, Weddcll.; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 480. 
 
 Growing with the preceding and Lemnn minor, in the " Big Marsh" 
 -one mile he^'ond " tlie Ferry," Pi-ince lulward Co. ; near Belleville, on 
 the Ba}' of (^iiinte, Ont. (Macoun.) In the niar.sh at the head of Bur- 
 lington Bay, Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) 
 
 Specimens of this gcnus»are distinguished from any form of Lemna 
 by the absence of roots. Hitheito the}"^ have been I'arely detected, but 
 it is less from their absence than from their small size. 
 
 CXIV. ALlSMACEiE. Water-Pla.ntain Family. 
 
 649. ALISMA, tinn. Gen. 400. (WATER-PLANTAIN) 
 
 (2417.) A. PlantagO, Linn., Var. Americanum, Gray, Man. 
 Ed. v., 4!t2. 
 
 A. Pluntuijo, Linn. ; Michx., Fl. I., 21S ; Hook., Fl. I]., Ki8. 
 A. naUms, Pursh, Fl. I., 253 ; Hook., Fl. IL, 108- 
 A. trlvialiK, Pursh, Fl. I., 252. 
 
 Rather common in ditches and borders of sti-eams from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacifit It varies greatly in the form of its leaves, but the 
 \'arieties are not recognized. Windsor, (irand Lake. Halifax, Pictou, 
 and Truro, X.S. (Sonnners, Cat.) Common in wet places, N. B. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Abundant through' iit (Quebec and Ontario, and extend- 
 ing westward to British Columbia. On the prairie region its loaves 
 often become linear, and float on tiie surface of tlio still brooks south 
 of Battlefbrd. 
 
 We have doubtfully referred the A. natans, Pui'sh, to this species, as 
 from the meagre description it seems to belong here. It was gatliered 
 in "stagnant watci-s of the St. Lawrence" by Pursh himself. 
 
CATALOOUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 n 
 
 05O. SACITTARIA, Linn. Gen. 1067. (ARROW-HEAD) 
 
 (2418.) 8. variabilis, Engelm. ; (Jray, Man. Ed. Kd. V., 4!t3. 
 X sagitiifolia, Pursh, Fl. II., 395 ; Hook., Fl. II., 1«7. 
 Under its various forms this species extends across the continent 
 though it is apparently quite rare, if piesent at all, in British Columhia. 
 It seems to be common in all the eastern provinces, but has not been 
 separated into varieties, and hence no special reference can be made to 
 them. Our specimens show the following varieties: — 
 
 Var. obtusa, Engelm. ; Gray, ^lan. Ed. V., 493. 
 S. obtusa, Willd. ; Pnrsli, Fl. II., 3%. 
 
 Leaves largo and obtuse, tlowers dicecious. Abundant in water in 
 the Bay of Quinte, at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Oba Lake, Out. 
 (E.Bell.) Vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Ami.) 
 
 Var. iatifolia, Engelm.; Gray, Man. Kd. V., 493. 
 
 .S'. latifoUa, Willd. ; Pursli, Fl. II., 390. 
 
 S. nmjillifolia, var. macroplnjUa, Hook., Fl. II., 1G7. 
 
 S. mgitli folia, ^lichx.. Fl. II., 189. 
 
 Campbcllton, N.B. (Chalmers.) In lakes and rivers, not uncom- 
 mon, Hastings Co., Ont. (Maccun.) North-wost coast, where it is 
 called " Wapatoo," and where the roots are eaten by the Cliinooks. 
 (Booker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. hastata, Engelm. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 493. 
 
 S. sagitiifolia, var. 3, angustifolia. Hook. Fl. II., 107, in part. 
 ,S. hastata, Pursh, Fl. II., 396. 
 
 This variety includes all the larger forms with acute and si.gittato 
 leaves, and may be called the common variety throughout the country. 
 There are three forms of it well repi-escnted in our herbarium. 
 
 (a.) Has large very elongated leaves, with very acute and divaricate 
 lobes, tlowers dia'cioiis. Nation i\iver, at Casselman, near Ottawa, iind 
 in Brigham's Creek, near Hull, Q. (Macoun.) London, Ont. (Bun/fss.) 
 IJiver St. Charles, (^ (.bY. Ci/r.) 
 
 (b.) This foi-m is easily distinguished from (a), hy its much 
 smaller and shorter leaves, abruptly acute or almost obtuse point, :iiid 
 short very lujutc less divaricate lobes. .Muskeg Island, Lake Winni- 
 peg. (J. M. Macoun.) In small streams, near the Hand Hills, Aliiertit, 
 (Macoun.) Sout'.i Antler Creek, Assiniboia. (Burr/ess.) 
 
n 
 
 QEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 (<:.) This is a shallow water fbi-m with small hastate leaves, scarcely 
 divergent, and very short lobes and always rnoncucious flowers. Grand 
 Valldo, Gasi)(5, Q. ; Bay of Quinto, at Belleville, Ont.; mouth of the 
 Nipigon River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Missinaibi River, Ont, 
 {R. Bell.) 
 
 Var. diversifolia, Engclm.; Gray, Man. Ed. v., 393. 
 
 Some leaves of this form are lanceolate and others are sagittate. 
 Moose Mountain Creek, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Ponds in the Eagle 
 Hills, near Battleford, N.W.T. (Macoun.') 
 
 , Var. angustifolia, Engclm. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 393. 
 
 The very long, narrow and divergent lobes, of the narrow leaves 
 charactei'ize this form. Marshes near Cape Blomidon, N.S. ; Nation 
 River, at Casselman, near Ottawa, and in the Bay of Quinte, at Belle- 
 ville, Ont. {Macoun.) In shallow water at Port Dover, Ont. (Milbnan.) 
 London, and Port Cockburn, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 Var. gracilis, Engelm.; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 393. 
 
 iS. xuf/ittifolld, var. avgustifoUn, Hook., Fl. II., 167, in part. 
 <S. (jracilw, Pursh, Fl. II., 396. 
 
 Rivei- St. Pierre, near Montreal, 1821. (Dr. Hvlvies.) River St. 
 Charles, Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Ponds in the Eagle Hills, near Battle- 
 ford, N.W.T. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. pubescens, Rngelm. ; Gray, Mar. Ed. V., 393. 
 Leaves pubescent as well as the upper part of the petiole and scape. 
 Bay of Quinte, at Belleville, Onl. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2419.) 8. calycina, Kngolm. \'ar. spongiosa, Kngelm.; Gray, 
 Man. Ed. V., 393. 
 
 Near the head of the tide in Richibuctu Kiver and at Rathe.say ; 
 also Tobique River, N.B. (Foirler, Cat.) 
 
 (2420.) S. heterophyila, Pursh, Fl. IL, 39(>. 
 
 S. myUiiJ'olia, var. d,angvstifolia, Hook., Fl. 11., 107, in part. 
 
 Apparently rare (>astward but not uncommon in watei-s bordering 
 on the St. Lawrence ami Great Lakes. Abundant in numerous places 
 around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott ) Not \u. ommon in the Bay of 
 Quinte, at Belleville, and at Wellei-'s Bay, Lake Ontario. (Macoun.) 
 
CATALOGUE oP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 19 
 
 Vur. rigida, Kngolm,; Gray, Man. Kd. V., 394. 
 S. rigida, Pursh, Fl. II., 397; Hook., Fl. II., 397. 
 
 Apparently the doop wal 01- form of tlio (ircat Lakes. West Lake 
 and Consecon Lake, Prince Kdward Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Wet .sandy 
 shoiH! at Belleville, Ont. (Buryess.') 
 
 (2421.) 8. graminea, Michx., Fl. IL, 190; Puvsh, Fl. 11., 397. 
 S. Kiu/iUifolia, var. 4, simplex, Hook., Fl. II., 167, in j.art. 
 TluH 8eemN to be a northci-n and eastern species. Newfoundland. 
 {Miss Brenton.) Small lake near North Sydney, Cape Hreton Island. 
 (Macoun.) In water at Eothesay, and in asmall lake near Kichibucto; 
 Grand Lake, and Upper St. John, and Clifton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Gull River, Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Wet sandy shore of Lake 
 Joseph, Port Cockburn, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 651. ECHINODORUS, Richard. 
 
 (2422.) E. parvulus, Engeim.; Gray, Man. Kd. V., 492. 
 E. .lubulatus, Engolm. (?) Af^assiz, Lake Superior, 176. 
 North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassi-,) We know nothing of 
 this species and enter it on the ;iuthority of Agassiz. 
 
 652. DAMASONIUM, Juss. Gen. 4(i. 
 
 (2423.) D. Californicum, Torrey, Pacif. R. Rep. IV., 142. 
 
 This species, or the one taken for it was growing in abundance in 
 Somas River, at the head of the Alberni Canal, on the west coast of 
 Vancouver Island. The large white flowers were e.specialiy attractive 
 and caused me to stop in midstream and pull in shore to gather the 
 plant. Owing to the great heat of the day these became so shrivelled 
 in a short time as to be worthless i'or specimens, ami were thrown 
 away. Only one immature specimen was brought away, August 13tli, 
 I8si. (Macoun.) 
 
 CXV. NAIADACEil^]. P<ind-weed Family. 
 
 653. TRICLOCHIN, Linn. Gen. 453. (ARROW-GRASS.) 
 
 ^2424.) T. palustre, Linn. : Hook., Fl. IL, 168 ; Pursh, Fl. II., 247. 
 Not uncommon in wet sand along lakes and by ponds. Labrador. 
 
80 
 
 GEOLOOICAL 8URVET OP CANADA. 
 
 {Dr. Morrison.) Ruth oi* ■ rare at liellediiiio, Cai-loton, Andovor and 
 Tobiquo liivcr, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Mai-Hhea, Qucl'o<'. {Prinqle.) 
 Cacouna, St. Lawrence Eivor. {Bimjess.) Border of a marah, Salt Lake, 
 Antico8ti; salt marsh, Cape Eosicr, Gawpt', Q. ; margin of tlie marshes 
 around Presqu'ile Point, and \Vollingtf)n Beach, Lake Ontario ; quite 
 common on the borders of brackish ponds, throughout the prairie 
 region and noi-thward to Battloford, Edmonton, and Little Slave Lake. 
 {Macoun.) Charlton Island, James Bay, and Severn Eivor, Kcowatin. 
 (./. M. Macoun.) Clriswold, Man. {Barman.) Marshes between CaiU'- 
 ton House, and Fort Edmonton, on the Saskatchewan. {Hooker, FL) 
 Ounalashka and Sitka. {Rothr. Alaslc.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. {Meehan.) 
 Abundant in swamps and springy places from Morley westwani to 
 Hector, in the Eocky Mountains. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2425.) T. maritlmum, Linn.; Hook., Fl. IL, 168; Michx., Fl. I., 
 208 ; Pursh, Fl. L, 247. 
 Common in sea marshes on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and in 
 the saline marshes of the prairie region. Xew Harbor, Newfoundland. 
 {Rev. A.C.Waghorne.) Labrador. {Dr. Morrison.) Windsor, Halifax 
 and Pictou, N.S. {Sommers, Cat.) Salt marsh at Truro, N.S., and 
 North Sydney, Cape Bi-eton. {Macoun.) Common in salt marshes 
 along the coast ; also at Carlcton, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Salt Lake, 
 Anticosti, and marshes along the (Jaspe coast from Cape Eosier to 
 Metis, IJ. {Macoun.) Mingan Islands, St. Lawrence Eivcr. {St. Cijr.) 
 Common all around James Bay. {J. M. Macouv.) York Factory 
 and Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay. {R. Bell.) Salt marshes, Eed Deer 
 Eiver, at the head (jf Luke Winiiipegoosis ; also at the source of the 
 Qu'Appclle, and westward in salt marshes across the prairie to the 
 Eocky Mountains at Canmore, Bow Eivor valley. {Macoun.) Bolder 
 of a saline pool near Wood Mountain, 49th parallel. {Dawson.) Abun- 
 dant in marshes along the coast of Vanct)uver Island, from Victoria 
 northward, and on tbe west coast, at Barclay Sound. {Macoun.) Sitka. 
 {Rothr. Alask.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. {Meehan.) Cumberland House 
 to Eoci<y Mountains ; and North-west coast. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. elatum, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 491. 
 
 Peat bogs and borders of fresh water marshes. At the Gas Spiing, 
 Mer Bleue, near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Marshes at the head of 
 the Ba}' of Quinte, and in t'ae " Big Swamp," Murray, Northumberland 
 Co., Ont. ; shore of Lake Huron, at Chicken Bay; on Pie Island, and at 
 Eed Eock, Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Swampy river flat, South- 
 ampton, Lake Huron, Ont. {Burgess.) Oba Lake, Ont. {R. Bell.) 
 Lake Mistassini, N.E.T., and Severn Eiver, Keewatin, {J. M. Macoun.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 81 
 
 SwnmpH, Winnipeg and North-west Anglo Road; near I'inclioi- Ci-oclc, 
 All)Oi'ta; at tlio Cclumbia LulvCs and in the Columbia Valley, B.C. 
 (Ddtcson.) Hathor common in fVoHh water marshes aloiiu, Beaver 
 Creek Valley, at Stony Creolv, SelUirlc Mountains. (Macoun.) 
 
 654. SCHEUCHZERIA, Linn. <ion. 482. (SCHEUCHZERIA) 
 
 (2426.) 8. palustriS, Linn. ; Michx., Fl.L, 209 ; Pur.sb, Fl. I., 247 ; 
 Hoolc, PI. II., 168. 
 Rather rare in most localities. Soft peat bogs, Richibucto, h'l'od- 
 ericton, Tay's Mills, York Co.; St. Stephen, and Mi- Adam Junction, 
 N.B. (Fowkr. Cat.) Mor Bleue, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Marsh near Pirscott Junction, Out.; rare. {Billmjs.) In a little 
 pond in north western Seymour, and in a peat bog five miles north 
 ol" Colborno, Northumberland Co.; very a! undant along Gull Lake, 
 Victoria Co., Ont. {Macoun.) Mos.sy bogs, London, Ont. {/Jurijesfi. 
 Millman.) Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) Between Trout 
 Lake and the Severn River, Keewatin. (J. M. Macoun.) Between 
 Hudson Bay and Cumberland House ; and upon " The Height of Land," 
 Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 665. LIL/EAy Humb. & Bonpl. 
 
 (242T.) L. SUbulata, IIBK. Nov. Gen, L, 222. 
 Heterostj/lwi gramineuii, Hook., Fl. II., 171. 
 Abundant in mud between high and low water, Somas River, Alberni, 
 west coast of Vancouver island. Water always fresh. (Macoun.) 
 
 656. POTAMOCETON, Linn. Gen. 174. (POND-WEED) 
 
 (2428.) P. natans, Linn.; Michx,, Fl, !., 101; Pursh, Fl. I., 120; 
 
 Hook,, Fl. II., 171. 
 
 Quite common in lakes, ponds, and stagnant pools, throughout the 
 
 country. Cow Bay, and Halifax, N.S. (Sommcrs, Cat.) Marshes 
 
 near Cape Blomidon, N.S., and in lakelets, North Sydney, Capo Breton ; 
 
 ill a pond at Salt Lake, Anticosti, and in lakelets along the (iasp^ coast 
 
 Q. (Macoun.) In slow flowing waters, Salmon River, Kent Co., and 
 
 Clifton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) River St. Pierre, near Montreal, 1821. 
 
 (Dr. Holmes.) Abundant in the River Rouge, in quiet places, Argen- 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 (lEoLOaiCAI. SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 U 
 
 I 
 
 touil Co., Q. (D'flrhan.) Abiindant around Ottawii. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 TJailroad May, nour I'roHCott, Out. (BiUbhjs.) Vory common in nearly 
 all still waters thi'ouifhout central Ontario. (Macoun.) IJnrlin^ton 
 Bay, near the beach, Uamilton, Ont. {Loijie.) In still water at 
 Kinj,'ston. Ont. (Milhnan.) Marwhes at P.';int Kdward, Lake ITuron- 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Still waters, Owen Sound, Ont., and in the KaminiH- 
 tiqua Jiiver, fil'tccn miles from its mouth, and in Luke Hannah, 
 Nipif^on River. (Macoiin.) Lake Missinaibi, Ont. {E.Bell,') Lake of 
 the Woods. (Dawson.) Not uncommon in ponds throughout the 
 prairie i'e<;ion and northward to Lake Athabasca; not uncommon in 
 Lost Lake, Shawnigan Lake, Home Lake and Sj)roat Lake, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 Sitka. (Jtothr. Alask.) Stagnant waters, Canada to Hudson Bay. 
 (Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 Var. prolixuSy Koch. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V.. 486. 
 
 P. natana, var ,1 (?) Hook., I'l. II., 171. 
 Collected in flowing water near Ottawa. (McGill Coll, Herb.) A 
 tbrm approaching this variety was sent from London, Ont., by Burgess 
 {Macoun.) North West America. (Hooker, Fl.) Specimens should 
 be gathered of all forms. 
 
 (2429.) P. Oakesianus, Robbins, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 485. 
 
 Apparently a rare species in Canada. In marshes at Ellis Bay, 
 Anticosti, 1883. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2430.) P. Claytonii, Tuckerman, Amer. Journ. Sci. XLV., 38. 
 
 Not uncommon but seldom collected. Hampton, Salmon River, 
 and Norton, N.B. ; rather common. (Fowler, Cat,) In flowing water 
 at Hull, Q.; abundant in streams, North Hastings; common in Gull 
 River, between Gull Lake and Minden, Victoria Co. ; in Gull Lake, 
 Barrie, Addington Co. ; also in the river connecting Lake Isaac and 
 Sky Lake, Bruce Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Blackstone Lake, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 (2431.) P. Vaseyi, Bobbins, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 485. 
 
 Apparently rare in Canada. Crow River, above the dam at the 
 Iron Works, Marmora, July 19th, 1864; Big Mud Turtle Lake, Gull 
 River, Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Rideau Canal, Ottawa. Form 
 with floating leaves and fi-uit. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) In 1865 this 
 species was sent to Sir William Hooker as P. diver si foUus, Barton, 
 and believed by him to be that species, but later investigation showed 
 that Barton's species went with P. hybridus. About the same time 
 
CATALOOUE OK CANADIAN PLANTS, 
 
 83 
 
 Bay, 
 
 HpecimonM were Hont to Mr, \V. M. Ciinby unci Dv. Vixney, utidor the 
 niimo moiitionod ahovo, and uro likoly in thoir colk-ctionH now. 
 
 (2432.) P. 8pirillU8, Tuckormun, Amer. Joiirn. Sc-i. VI, (2,Sor,)228. 
 P. dirermjoliw, Hook,, Fl. H., 172, 
 A lovoly HpocieH growing in Mowing wutor, cliiofly in the Lnurontian 
 "listiicts of Ontario. In tho Konncboccasis at Norton ; Luko Utopia and 
 Salmon Rivor, N.H. {Fowler, Cat.) Abundant in tiic Grand liiver, at 
 Ottawa, (Fletcher, FL Ott.) In flowing water at Hull, c^. ; in nunnMous 
 r^ti'eams, North Hafstingn, at Partridge Lake, (irimpsthorpe and in Crow 
 Kivor at Marmora Iron Works ; Gull River, at lOIIiott'H Pall.s, and in 
 Mountain Lakoal)ovo Mindon, Victoria Co., Ont. (Mncnun.) Norway 
 lIouHO, head of Lake Winnipeg, to Canada. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2433.) P. hybrldus, Michx., Fl. I., 101. 
 
 P. nHamis, Pursh, Fl. I., 120. 
 
 P.Jiliforrrm, Pur-sh, Herb. ; Tucker. Amor, .lourn. Sci. VI. (2, Ser.) 230, 
 
 St, .lames, and St. Stephens, N.B. ( Vroom.) Although we -strongly 
 suspect that tho plants i-oforred here are P. Spirilln-i, there is no rea- 
 son to doubt the occurrence of the species so lar north. 
 
 (2434.) P. rufescens, Schrader ; Hook., Kl. II,, 172. 
 
 P.fiwitam, Pursh, Fl. 1., 120. 
 
 p. nalann, \B.r. fiuilanx,1oTTQy. \ Bot. N. York II., 254. 
 
 Apparently a rare but widely diffused species. St. Stephen, N.B. 
 ( Vroom.) In flowing waters, Truro, N.S. ; River Ste, Anne des Monts, 
 (tasp^, Q. ; abundant in flowing water in the River Trent, at the 
 " Nari'ows" and in Crow River at Marmora Iron Works ; also in the 
 North River, Pelmont and in Big Bushkong Lake, V^ictoria Co., Ont. ; 
 Current Eivei-, Lake Superior. {Macoun.) River Mistassini, near Lake 
 St. John, Q. (Michaux.) Rapids of the Niagara River, near Bath 
 Island. (Tuckerman.) Lake Mistassini, N.KT. (J. M. Macoun.) Michi- 
 picotin River, Ont., and Nelson River, Kcewatin. (R. Bell.) Abun- 
 dant in tho mill stream at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. (Macoun,.) 
 Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Stagnant waters, Canada to Hudson 
 Buy. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2435.) P. lonchit08,|hTuckerman, Amer. Journ. Sci. YI. (2, Sor.) 
 226, 
 Apparently very rare or overlooked, Tobique Lakes, N.B. (Hay.) 
 Abundant at Ottawa. A form with remarkably long stipules. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) In ponds, London. Ont. (Burgess.) Niagara Rapids, near 
 Dath Island, Niagara River. (Tuckerman.) 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 ,0 ''it M ' 
 
 
 %o 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 Iff 1^ i^ 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 1-25 1.4 11.6 
 
 
 4 ■ 6" 
 
 ► 
 
 V] 
 
 <^ 
 
 /a 
 
 
 .^» ^*' 
 
 *^^#<'>^ 
 
 r>i 
 
 O 
 
 // 
 
 "'> ;v 
 
 / 
 
 r 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 ^ 
 
 d 
 
 M 
 
 V 
 
 A 
 
 V 
 
 \ 
 
 A'' 
 
 V^ 
 
 
 O^ 
 
 ^J^ 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 
"^^ 
 
 o 
 
 
84 
 
 aiOLOaiCAL SDRVKT OF CANADA. 
 
 :«t. 
 
 h% 
 
 (2436.) P. amplifolius, Tuckorman, Amor. Journ. Sci. VI. (2, 
 Ser.) 226. 
 Not rare in deep and still water, but Moldom collected. In the mill 
 pond at Stirling; and Elzivcr, Hustings Co. ; Gull Lake, Barrie, Adding- 
 ton Co. ; at the lower end of Big Bushkong Lake, Victoria Co., and 
 in the Potawatamie River, above Jones Falls, Owen Sound, Ont. 
 (Macoun.) In water, Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) King's 
 Mere and Meech's Lake, in the Chelsea Mount tins, near Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Missinaibi Kiver and Lake, Ont. (B. Bell.) 
 Marshe-s, Burlington Bay, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Niagara River, 
 on the Canadian side. {Tuckerman.) Near Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2437.) P. gramineuSy Linn. ; (Jray, Mnn. Ed. V., 487. 
 
 /'. helerophylluK, Schrob. ; Hook., Fl. II., 172 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 120. 
 Common in streams from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In flowing 
 water at Coal Branch, Kent Co. ; Tobique River, and Salmon River, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Lake Utopia, N.B. (Wetmore.) Little Tobiquo 
 Lake, N.B. (Hay.) Titusvillc, N.B. (Brittain.) Flowing water al 
 Truro, N.8.; Salt Lake, Anticosti ; in a rapid stream between West- 
 wood and Peterboro, Ont; vicinity of Belleville, Hastings Co., Ont.: 
 River St. Clair, near Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.) Wabigoon River, west 
 of Lake Superior. ( Fletcher.) 
 
 Var. (nei ) graminifoliUS, Fries. 
 
 In shallow water, Lake Mistassini, N.B.T. (./. M. Macoun.) Ottawa 
 River. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 
 Var. maximus, Morong. 
 Flowing water, Becscio River, Antico.sti. 
 mon at Ottawa. (Fletcher, tl. Ott.) 
 
 (Macoun.) Not uncom- 
 
 Var. heterophyllus, Fries. 
 
 The common form and found throughout the country. Grand Val- 
 l<5o, Gaspd coast, Q. (Macoun.). Abundant in the vicinity of Ottawa. 
 (Fleti'htr, Fl. Ott.) Na»ion River, Ont. (Billings.) Mud Lake, noai' 
 Kingston, Ont. (Afillman.) Near Belleville, Hastings Co., and general 
 throughout central Ontario in rivers, lakes and ponds, and westward to 
 Lake Superior, where it is particularly abundant. (Macoun.) Parry 
 Sound, Georgian Bay. (fiurgess.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T., and Mis 
 sinaibi River, Ont. (./, M. Macoun.) Oba Lake, Ont. (R. Bell.) 
 Jones Falls, Ont. (Millman.) Abundant in fresh water ponds through 
 out the prairie region, through the Rocky Mountains, and west 
 
OATALOODE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 86 
 
 waiti to the Pacific, where it hccomos common in ponds and lakes on 
 Vancouver Island, near Victoria, Nanaimo, (iualicum and Alborni. 
 {Mdcoun.) Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2438.) P. luoens, Linn. ; Gray, Man. Kd. V., 487. 
 
 Pictou Co., N.S. {McKay.) St. Liiwrenco River, at Proscott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Bay of Quinte, and in the mill pond at Stirling, and in 
 Klziver, Hastings Co. ; also in the still waters of the Trent River, Sey- 
 mour, Northumberland Co., Ont. {Macoun.) Nelson River, Keewatin. 
 (R. Bell.) 
 
 (2439.) P. Zizii, Mertens & Koch. 
 
 p. lucens, var. minor, Nolle ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 488 ; Macoun, Cat 
 No. 1734, var. minor. 
 
 Apparently rare in Canada. Nation River at Casselman, near 
 Ottawa ; Big Bushkong and other lakes up Gull River, Victoria Co., 
 Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Meecb's Lake, 
 near Chelsea, Q. (Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) 
 
 (2440.) P. preelongUS, Wulfen.; Hook, Fl. IL, 172. 
 P. lucent, Michx., Fl. I., 102 ; Pursh, Fl. 1. 120. 
 Not uncommon in deep water of lakes and (juiet rivers. P^arltown 
 Lakes, Colchester Co., N.S. (McKay.) Bass River, Kent Co. ; Tobi- 
 .|uc Lake, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Woodstock, N.B. (Hay.) S^. Stephen, 
 N.li. (Vroom.) St. Lawrence River, near Point St. Charles, Mon- 
 treal, 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Bay of Quinte, at Belleville; Wellor's 
 Bay, Lake Ontario, and in deep water in the River Trent, Seymour, 
 Northumberland Co.; abundant in Lake Superior, at the mouth of the 
 Kaministiqua, and in the lake expansions of Nipigon River. (Macoun.) 
 (ioulais River, Lake Superior. (R. Bell.) In the Athabasca River, 
 above Lake Athabasca, lat. 58* ; Lost Lake, near Cedar Hill, and Lang- 
 ford and Shawnigan lakes, near Goldstrean), Vancouver Island. 
 {Macoun.) Knglish River, north of the Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2441.) P. perfoliatUS, Linn.; Michx., Fl. I., 101 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 
 120; Hook., Fl. II., 172. 
 Rather common in rivers and lakes throughout the country. Cow 
 Bay, Halifax Co., N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Ponds and slow streams, 
 Norton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Becscie River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) 
 Rivers of the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) 
 iiividre du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) River St. Pierre and at Thi-eo Rivers, Q. 
 1821. (Dr. Holmes.) Green's Creek, Ottawa; very rare, only once 
 collected. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abundant in the Bay of Quinte, and at 
 
1 
 
 ll^ 
 
 ■'t\ 
 
 if 
 
 8« 
 
 QEOLOOIOAL SDRVKT OF CANADA. 
 
 Weller'8 Bay, Lake Ontario. (Macoun) Kemptvillo, Oat. (Porter.) 
 Kingston, Ont. (Millman.) Canada to Slave River. (Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 Var. lanoeolatUS, liobbins, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 488. 
 
 ThiH BeemH to bo thu wentern and northern form, as it in abundant 
 we8twai-d where the species seems to be absent. St. Clair Flats, Out. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Abundant at Ottawa, in all waters. (Fletcher, Ft. 
 Ott.) Lakeof the Woods. (Burgess.) In the still waters of the lake 
 expansions of Nipigon River, and in the mouths of rivers north of 
 Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; and Missinaibi 
 River, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) James Bay, at Moose Factory. (Cottar & 
 Br. Hayden.) Nelson River, Keewatin. (R. Bell.) Moose Mountain 
 Creek, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Long Lake, north of Regina, Assini- 
 boia ; in a small pond on Copper Mountain, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) 
 Lewes River, lat. 62°. (Dawson.) 
 
 (2442.) P. zoSterifoliUS, Schum. ; Hook., Fl. II., 172. 
 
 P. comprcii.ms, Fries. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 488 ; Macoun, Cat. Xo. 1732. 
 Rather common in still water. Still and slow flowing water, St. .Fohn. 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Vicinity of Ottawa ; common. (Fletcher. Fl. Ott.) 
 Near Montreal, 1821. (Or. Holmes.) St. Lawrence River and slow 
 streams; common at Prescott, Ont. (Billinys.) .lones Falls, Ridcnu 
 River, Ont. (Millman.) London, Ont. (Burgess.) Abundant in the 
 Bay of Quinte, and in ail the rivers in central Ontario; Gull River. 
 Peterboro Co., Ont, and in Lake Uannah, Nipigon River, Lake 
 Superior. (Macoun.) Oba Luke and river, and Misninaibi River, Ont. 
 (B. Bell.) Burlington Ma?>*h. Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) York Fac- 
 tory, Hudson Bay, and from Cumberland House, on the Saskatchewan, 
 to Portage La Loche, lat. 57°. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2443.) P. Obtusifolius, Mertens & Koch. 
 
 A few specimens were gathered in mud on the margin of a small 
 lakelet near Point Fame Lighthouse, Gasp^ coast, Q., in August. 18H2. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (2444.) P. pauciflorus, Pursh, Fl. I., 121. 
 
 P. (/romint'um, Michx., Fl. I., 102. 
 1\ pwnllum, Hook., Fl, II., 172. 
 
 Not uncommon in still water. Restigouche River, N.B. ; rather 
 doubtful. {Fovler, Cat.) Madeline River, Gaspd, (^. ; abundant in the 
 Bay of Quinte, and in the Trent River at Trenton ; also Gull River, 
 Peterboro Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Smith's Falls, Ont. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 Billings Bridge, Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Marsh at Hamilton, Ont. 
 
 
OATALOUUK OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 87 
 
 (Buchan.) North shore of Luke Superior. (Agassiz.) Laike MiHtasHiiii, 
 N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Fort Curletoii,Sa8kutchewiin River. (Macoun.) 
 Cumber hind Iloupe to York Kiictory, on Hudson Bay. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. Niagarensis, Gray. 
 
 P. Niagarmm, Tuckerinan, Ainer. Joiirn. Hci. (2, 8er.) VII., 354. 
 Rapids Jibove Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Niagara River, near the 
 brink of the Hog's Back, growing plentifully with Udora ; and elno- 
 wliare in the rivor. (Tuckerman.) 
 
 (2445.) P. pusillUS, Linn.; (J ray. Man. Fid. V., 488. 
 
 Rather common in ditches and slow streams. In ditciiesat Halifa.x. 
 N..S. (Macoun.) Little Roeher. N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Vicinity of 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common in streams inland, from Pros- 
 cott, Ont. (Billings.) (rrand Vallde, <ia8p<; i-oast, Q. ; in flowing water 
 ut Hull, Q. ; in the River Trent, at Trenton, and abundant in still 
 waters and ditches throughout contra! Ontario. (Macoun.) fockburn 
 Island, Georgian Bay. (./. Hell.) .lones Falls, Ridenu River. (Mill- 
 man.) Little Saskatchewan, near i{apid City, and not uncommon in 
 pools in the prairie region. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods. (Burgeim.) 
 Lake Mistassini, N. E. T, (J. M. Muroiin.) Specimens rofern-d hero 
 were collected at Fort McLood, B.C.. lat. 55°. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. vulgaris, I'Vios. ; Gi-ay, Man. Eil. V., 48!t. 
 
 This is a longer and more branching form, with generally cj'liiidi'i- 
 oal and interrupted spikes. Madeline Rivor, (Jaspe. Q. ; (lull Hivor, 
 Victoria Co. ; in deep water, Trent River, Seymour, Northumberland 
 Co., Ont. ; Shawnigan Lake, Vanoouvor [tilaiid. (Macoun.) The coni- 
 raonest form at Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 
 Var. panormitanus, Biv. 
 
 Rideau Canal, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 
 Mr. Moror.g writes of this variety : " I have carefully oompiii-ed 
 these (Mr. Fletcher's specimens) with the plant sent me as P. pusillus, 
 L., var. panormitanus, Biv., and can see no essential ditferonce. In my 
 specimens the (submerged) leaves are shorter, thoy are not ruddy 
 at all, and none revolute. The description of the variety, however, 
 corresponds ' leaves longer,' (than the type) flaccid, the upper flower- 
 ing ones opposite and spatulate, the whole surface of the leaf with a 
 pretty chain-like ar (olation," 1 am sure that your plant meets this 
 description, and when compared as to the floating leaves the specimens 
 agree. I should not, however, regard it as a distinct species, since it 
 
H 
 
 m 
 
 88 
 
 OEOIiOGIOAL SUBVET OF CANADA. 
 
 bears so many of the characteriBtics of pusillus. The ruddy tinge and 
 revolute leaves may be owing to the season or accidental circumstances. 
 
 (244().) P. muoronatUS, Schrnder. 
 
 P. puMlut, var. major, Fries. ; Graj', Man. Ed. V., 489. 
 
 P. obtudfolius, Macoun, Cat. No. 1737. 
 Rjither uncommon but very likely overlooked. St. Stephen, and 
 Little Hocher, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Brackish ponds, Salt Lake, Anti- 
 costi; abundant in a brook, North Hastings, Ont. ; marshes at the 
 mouth of Nipigon River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Muskeg Creek, 
 Ijike Winnipeg, Man. ; and Missinaibi Eiver, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 Lung Lake, and Heed Lake, As.siniboia. (Macoun.) In the Bed Bivei- 
 at Emerson, Man. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (2447.) P. rutllans, Wolfgang. 
 
 In marshes at Ellis Bay, Anticosti, 1883; also in abundance in 
 marshes at the mouth of the Nipigon River, near Bed Bock, Lake 
 Superior, 1884. (Macoun.) On South Twin Island, James Bay, 1887. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) These are the only known localities for this species 
 in America. 
 
 (2448.) P. marinUS, l-inn. ; Michx., Fl. i., 102. 
 
 P. pcctinatiM, var. latif alius, Watson; Macoun, Cat Nc 1739, van 
 
 i'. ;jectwa<tw, var. /V, Hook., Fl. II., 172. 
 Chiefly in brackish marshes on the sea-coast and in the prairie region. 
 Brackish ponds. Salt Lake, Anticosti ; Madeline Biver, Gasp^ coast, Q. 
 (Macoun.) Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawi-ence. (St. Cyr.) Missinaibi 
 Lake and Nelson Eiver. (R. Bell.) Lake Mi8ta>8ini, N.E.T. ; Moose 
 Mountain Creek, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Common in the larger pools 
 throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) Ten miles above Spence's 
 Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Further examination will doubtless show 
 that much of the material now referred to P. pectinatus is really this 
 species. 
 
 Var. Macounii, Morong. (MS.) 
 
 This is a broad-leaved and very distinct form, and cannot be referred 
 to B. marinus, var. occidentalis, although near it, by Bev. T. Morong, 
 who names it as above. Brackish, and salt lakes, prairie region. Old 
 Wives Lakes, and in Crawling Valley, south of the Hand Hills, Alberta. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (2441*.) P. pectinatus, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 121. 
 P.pectinatut, var. o.,Hook., Fl. II., 172. 
 Widely distributed or confounded with P. marinus. 
 
 In ponds at 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 89 
 
 Baddeck, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Harris Cove, Norton, and Clifton, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Along the Jiiver St. Lawrence, Q. {St. Cyr.) Com- 
 mon in the vicinity of Ottawa. Tiio typical form. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 St. Lawrence River, Conway'H Creek, Nation River, and near Prescott, 
 Ont. (nuiings.) Jones Falls, Rideau River, Ont. (MiUman.) Very com- 
 mon in all the stiearas in central Ontario, and extending westerly to 
 Victoria Co. (Macoun.) Marsh at Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) London, 
 Ont. (Burgess.) South Twin Island, James Bay, and Severn River. 
 Koewatin. (J. M. Macoun.) James Bay, near Moose Factory. (Cottar 
 & Dr. Hayden.) Moose Mountain Creek, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Abun- 
 dant in the Sydenham River, at Owen Sound, and in all the streams 
 entering Lake Superior; Reed Lake, Assiniboia, and in Red Deer 
 River, Man. ; not uncommon in pools and slow flowing streams from 
 Morley westward through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia ; in 
 Somas and Stamp rivei-s, Alborni, west coast of Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains ; Lewes River, hit. 62° 
 N. of British Columbia. (Dawson.) Canada to English River, and from 
 Hudson Bay to alpine lakes in the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 Two very marked forms were found growing together at Black 
 Rapids, Rideau River, near Ottawa, by Mr. Fletcher. Of these forms 
 Mr. Morong writes him : — 
 
 (I.) " There is no varietal name for this form, but it is bushy and 
 densely clothed with fine setaceous leaves, and might bo called var. 
 tenuissimus, as you suggest. 
 
 (H.) This form approaches the "var. (?) latifolius" of Robbins, 
 some of the leaves three nerved." 
 
 (2450.) P. Robbinsii, Cakes, Hov. Mag. VIL, 128. 
 
 Growing usually in deep water and seldom maturing its fruit. Petit- 
 codiac and Hampton ; also Tobique Lakes, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Little 
 Nictau Jjake, N.B. (Hay.) Meech's Lake, Chelsea, Q. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Paitridge Lake, Addington Co. ; Crow Rivei-, Marmora iron 
 Works; Oak Hill Pond, near Stirling, Hastings Co.; (Jull River, near 
 Elliott's Falls, and Gull Lake, near Minden, Victoria Co. ; and in the 
 mouth of Nipigon River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Oba Lake and 
 Missinaibi River, Ont. (E. Belt.) Lost Lake, near Cedar Hill, and 
 abundant and fmiting in (he Somas River at Alberni, on the west 
 coast of Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
00 
 
 OEOLOOICAL 81'RVBT OF CANADA. 
 
 657. RUPPIA, Linn. Gen. 175. (DITOH-QRASS.) 
 
 (2461.) R. maritima, Linn. ; PuihIi, FI. I., 121 ; Hook., Fl. II. 170. 
 Gonomlly in salt ponds by the uea-coast. Abundant at Tarnionth, 
 N.S., and in salt ponds at Bn Ideck, Capo Breton. (Macoun.) Growing 
 under water in estuaries of rivers flowing into the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, New Brunswick coast. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Andrews, N.B. 
 {Vroom.) PokeseudieGulIy, (Jloucester Co., N.B. {Hay.) Growing 
 profusely in the northern end of Old Wives Lakes, Assiniboia, near the 
 Canadian Pacific Railway; in salt ponds at Qaalicum and Alborni, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 858. ZANNICHELLIA, Linn. Gen. 1034. (HORNED 
 
 PONDWEED) 
 
 (2452.) Z. palustrls, Linn.; Pur^h, Fl. I., 4; Hook., Fl. II., 170. 
 Freshwater, and brackish ponds and ditches; not rare. In the salt 
 marsh near Truro, and at Yarmouth, N.S. ; salt ponds at Baddock, 
 Capo Breton. {Macoun & Burgess.) Growing under water in sti-eams 
 rendered brackish by the Mes. Rlchibucto and Spurr's Cove, N.B. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Not uncommou at 
 Ottawa. {Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) Pools by the St. Lawrence River, at Pi-es- 
 cott, Ont. {BilUnys.) Marshy ponds near Bednersville, Bay of Quinte, 
 and in a ditch betwee> Taylor's Hill and jtho Givor Moira, Belleville, 
 Ont. (Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; Moose Mountain Creek, Man. 
 {J. M. Macoun.) In "The River that Turns," near the Elbow of the 
 South Saskatchewan, and numerous brackish ponds throughout the 
 prairie region. (Macoun.) 
 
 659. ZOSTER A, Linn. Gen. 1032. (GRASS-WRACK.) 
 
 (2453.) Z. marina, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 2. 
 
 Between high and low tide on both the east^and west coasts. Hali- 
 fax, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) On the sea-coast at Yarmouth, -^nd on 
 McNab's Island, Halifax Harbor, N.S. (Macoun.) Common along 
 the coasts of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. (McKay.) Gi-owing 
 under water in shallow places along the Gulf coast, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Salt Lake, Anticosti ; common around the Bay of Chaleur and op the 
 
OATAt.OQUE UF CANADIAN PLANTH. 
 
 \n 
 
 Gaspd coast of the St. Lnwronco; abundant on both tho eaot and weut 
 couHtH of Vancouver Itiland, always about l(»w water niark. (Macoun.) 
 Ounalashka. (Bothr. Alask.) (riconland. (Latuje.) 
 
 «6e0. PHYLL08PADIX, Hook., Kl. II., 171. (FALSE 
 
 EEL-GRASS) 
 
 (2454.) P. Scouleri, Hook., Fl. II., 171. 
 
 Abundant on steep rocks bolow half tide, from tho lighthouse, near 
 Victoria, around the coast to Ksquimault Harbor; very common in the 
 same situations on all the islands in tho outer pait of Barclay Sound, 
 on the west coast of Vancouver Inland. (Macoxm ) 
 
 Although much liko Z. mnrina in general appearance, its place of growth 
 differs so materially that the two species need never bo confounded, as 
 this always grows on steep rocks or on boulders, while the other 
 delights in pools with a bottom of shell mud. Fine fruiting specimens 
 were obtained in July and August, 1887. It is very lihely quite com- 
 mon on the Pacitic coast, but usually confounded with Z. marina. 
 
 661. NAIA8, Linn. Gen. 101)6. (NAIAD) 
 
 (2455.) N. flexiliS, Rostk. & Schmidt. 
 
 N. aniudnmiK, Miclix., Fl. II., 220 ; Pureii, Fl. 1I.,602; Hook.,Fl. II., 170. 
 Caulinajlixiliii, VVilld. ; Piirsli, Fl. I., 2. 
 
 Locally abundant and widely distributed, extending from the Atlan- 
 tic to tho Pacitic. Lake St. John, Q. (Mirham:.) Earlstown Lakes, 
 Colchester Co., N.S. (McKay.) Amqui, Metapedia River, (J. (J/acown.) 
 Potter's Lake, St. Stephen, N.B. (Foicler, Cat.) Nation River at 
 Cassolman, and other places near Ottawa. (^Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) Lake 
 Ontario, at Kingston, Ont. (^MiHiiian.) Bay of (Juinte, and in still 
 water in all rivers and lakes of central Ontario; also Sydenham River, 
 Owen Sound, Ont. {Macoun.) Point hdward, River St. Clair, Ont.; 
 Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Head of the canal, Suult 
 Ste Marie, Lake Superior; occasionally met with in lakes north of 
 tho prairie ; English Lake, near Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan River 
 a few voiy depauperate specimens, Sproat Lake, Alborni, Vancouver 
 Island. {Macoun.) 
 
UEOLOOIOAI. 8URVBY OF CANADA. 
 
 «. 
 
 CXVII. KRIOCAULK.K. Pii'Bwort Family. 
 
 662. KRIOCAULON, Ulnn. Gon. 100. (PIPEWORT) 
 <2456.) 1. septangulare, With. ; Hook., Kl. II., 187. 
 
 E. pellwidum, Michx., Tl. I., 16G; PiirMli, Fl. I., 92. 
 In soft mud on tlio borderH of lukoH and pondu. Now found land. 
 (Dr. Morrison.) Halifax and Mahono Bay, N.S. {Sommers, Oat.) 
 Pictou Co., and Magdalon iHlandn, N.S. (McKay.) Caledonia, Guyn- 
 boro Co., N.S. {Faribault.) In a small lake, North Sydney, Cape 
 Breton. {Macoun & Burgess.) Lily Lake, Dark Lake, Welsford, and 
 St. Stephen, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Tadousac Lake, Q. {A.T. Drummond.) 
 Trembling Lake, Argentouil Co., Q. {D'Urban.) Boi-dor of Partridge 
 Lake, and Gull Lake, Addington Co. ; Hooper's Lake, Hastings Co. ; 
 very common in the small lakes in Peterboi'o and Victoria Co's., Ont. ; 
 also Birch Lake, north-east of Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Abundant 
 in a lake two miles frojjn Sudbury, Ont., (Fletcher.) St. Joseph 
 Island, Georgian Bay. (./. Bell.) Pancake River, Out , near its mouth, 
 growing on mud in a little cove. (R. Bell.) Port Cockburn, Lake 
 Joseph, Muskoka Co., Ont. {Buryess.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. 
 (ffcoker, Fl.) • 
 
 CXVII. CYPERACEJ<:. Sedue Family. 
 
 663. CYPERU8, Linn. Gen. 66. (GALINGALE) 
 
 (2457.) C. dlandrus, Torr. Cyp. 342 ; Hook., Fl. II., 232. 
 
 Low ground around springs, and in marshes by lakes and ponds. 
 Frodericton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Riverside, King's Co., N.B. (Wet- 
 more.) In clefts of rocks on the shore of the St. Lawrence, at Mon- 
 treal, and at Niagara Falls. (W. F. McCrea.) In all low spots in 
 the vicinity of Ottawa. (^Fletcher, Fl.Ott.) Common along the St. 
 Lawrence, at Prescott., Ont. (Billinys.) Kemptville, Ont. (Porter.) 
 Low grounds at Kingston, and London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Very 
 common at Belleville, and in the marshes of the Bay of Quinte, Ont. 
 (Macoun.) Marshes at Hamilton, Ont. (Buclian.) Banks of Kettle 
 Creek, St. Thomas, Ont. (Saun'ders.) Swampy ground, Owen Sound, 
 Ont. (Macouri.) Point Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 Canada. (Goldie.) 
 
CATAliO<nE OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 oa 
 
 Vair. oastaneuSi Tonoy, Cy|). 251. 
 
 C Jliivii«;n'- var. i. cnfUiui im, I'lirsli, I'l. I., 62. 
 
 AI)utHlant in mui'NlioH iit Mollin-illi', iiiid at the lioad of (ho Bay of 
 Qiiinto, near the Murray Canal, Orit. ( Macoun.) Nin;,'ara KalU. 
 ( W. F. McCrea.) 
 
 (2(5R.) C. flavescens, Linn.; (iray, Man. Kd. V., 5.'>2. 
 
 Credited to Canachi hy I'rot". Ij. X. nrillon. in his Kovision of tliin 
 ^oniH. Wo have never hooii a Canadian spfcinien. It sliould lie 
 looked for along the New Brunswick coast. 
 
 (2450.) C. arlStatUS, Uottb. ; Hritton. Bull. Torr. Bot. XIII.. 207. 
 f. iiiJItjitK, AIiilil.; Hook., Vl II., '.'32; Macoun, (nt. No. lOOt). 
 C itncinaliui, I'ursli, V\, I., 50. 
 
 Gravel in the bods of rivers, apparently very local. Vicinity of Ottaw.-i. 
 (Fletcher, M. Ott.) West Kidcau Lake, Ont. (Porter.) Gravelly bed 
 of the river Moira, at Belleville, llaMtinj^H Co; also in the bod of the 
 Itivor Trent, at 'rrenton, Myersburg, and Ileely FuUh, Northumber- 
 land Co., Ont.; rather uncommon at Somas Falls, four miles from 
 Alborni, west 'coast of Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan 
 and Lake Winnipeg. (Ifoo/or, /•'/.) 
 
 (24fi0.) C. Schweinitzii, Torr. Cyp., 276. 
 
 Sandy shores of lakes and rivers, and on sand hills on the prairies. 
 On sand on the bea<h along the lake shore at Hamilton, Ont. (Iiur(je.^s. 
 Millvtan.) Point Peluo, Lake Krio. (Bunjess.) Port Colborne, Lake 
 Krie, and Point Kdward, Lake Huron, Ont.; Hungry Hall, Rainy 
 River, and on sand banks where that river enters the Lake of the 
 Woods; on ^and hills near the source of the Qu'Aj)pellc, and at Old 
 Wives Lakes, Assinibfjiii. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2461.) C. eSCUlentUS, Linn., Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. XflL, 210. 
 
 C. jili;imiilinli:i, Mulil. ; (iray, Man. Kd. V., 554. 
 V. reiiaii, Ell. ; Hook., Y\. \\., '!?,'>. 
 C. tuheromis, Valil.; Pursli, VI I., 52. 
 
 On the banks of rivers, chiefly in wet sand. Sandy bank'of Kenne- 
 beccasis; Norton, and Fredoriclon, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) (iatineau Point, 
 on the Ottawa, (^.; in wet sand at Niagara Town, and near". Queenston 
 Heights, along the railway. (Macoun.) In groat abundance below 
 Parliament Hill, Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Low grounds, London, 
 Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Point Pel<5o and Point Aux Pins, Lake Krio. 
 Ont. (Burgess.) Upper Canada. (Uoldie.) 
 
Bi (tROI.oniCAI. 8UKVEY OK OANAUA. 
 
 (24(i2.) 8. StrigOSUS. Linn.; II().>k., Fl. II.. 232; Piii-hIi, Kl. I., 62. 
 
 C, MirhmLtuinHi>, HcIiuIIjih. ; <»ray, Man. Kd. V., 554. 
 
 V. Jhricnmiu, Vulil. ; Miclix., Fl. I.. 27 ; I'urMli.ll. I., 53. 
 
 Not uncommon in Ontario in cold wot puttui'OH an*l moiKlowH. Nim'H 
 iMJiind, Montroiil.nnd Niuj,'iira Fulls. ( \V. t\ MrCrra.) Wot |)lia'0, noiir 
 fho (Mitlot of tiio Ridoaii Ciinul, Ottawa, {fit. (^yr.) Aionj? tlio Ri lean 
 ]U\'"" at Ottawa. (Ftdrher, Fl. Ott.) In a littlo mai-Mh on tlio banks of 
 the St. Luwronne, ono milo west of Broi'k"illo, Onl. {JiHUnys.) WoMt 
 Jtidoaii Lake, Ont. (Porter.) Low wot moadowMand boggy placoH, King- 
 Hton.Ont. {MiUman.) King»ton, Ont. ; Point Peldo, Lake Eiio ; Point 
 Aiix Pins, Lake Fii-io. (fli/ry^'.s.s.) lioggy ground, (iatinoau Point, near 
 Ottawa,; wot graHHy i)lacos along tho Bay of Qiiintu, at fioliovillo, 
 and in a sandy Hold at the Murray Canal, near Trenton; noar Salt 
 ,Creok bridge, Brighton. Northumborland Co. ; and on an island in Itico 
 Lake; Port Colborno, Luko Krio. (Mwoun.) Point l')dwai*d, Lako 
 Hur»>n. (i7. M. Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (^Jiuchan.) 
 Upper Canada to the Saskatchewan. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (24r>3.) C. erythrorhilOS, Muhl. ; Gray, Man. VA. V., r)52. 
 
 Apparently contined to south western Ontario. Point Aux Pins, 
 Lake Frie. {Burgess.) 
 
 (2464.) C. fliioulmis, Vahl.; Pursh, Fi. I., 52. 
 
 C. mariKnidiii, Kll. ; Torn, Fl. I., 63. 
 
 C. A'j/«tnj;«:oicfc», Valil. ; Pursli, Fl. I., 60. 
 Dry sandy woods or fields, not uncommon in central Ontario. Com- 
 mon on Miissassagua Point, Ba}' of Quinte, Ont; sand hills at Murray 
 Townhall, and on Rice Lake Plains, Northumberland Co., Ont. ; in 
 sandy fields and thickets at Point Edwaitl, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) 
 Sandy meiidows, London, Ont. (Burgess. MiUman.) Point Aux Pins, 
 Lake Erie. {Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan.) 
 
 064. DULICHIUM, Pers. (DULICHIUM) 
 
 (2465.) D. spathaceum, Pers.; Hook., Fl. IL, 232; Pursh, Fl. 
 L, 63. 
 
 7>. CanmleiiM, Pers. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 54. 
 Scirpw ffmthaceufi, Miobx., Fl. I., 32. 
 
 Not uncommon in marshes and by lake borders, from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacific. Halifax, N.S. {Sommera. Macoun.) Caledonia, Guys- 
 boro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Earlston Lakes, Pictou Co., N.S. {McKay.) 
 Vor3' wet places, Kent Co. ; and Norton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Beau- 
 
OATALOarE OK CANADIAN I'LANTH. 
 
 »r» 
 
 inont, BollccliiwHn Co., H. (8t. Ci^r.) SwAinpy jji-ound, near Humil- 
 toirH Kunii. Aixoiilouil Co., (i. {D'UrbaA.) Komptvillo. Out. (Porter.) 
 CuMHolnuin and Hovoral otlioi* plucoH near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fi. Ott.) 
 Cdmmoti in mai-HlioHut I'roscott, t)nt. (Hillimjs.) (^iiiti< common at Uellit- 
 ville and tliritiighoiit (^untral Ontario. (Macoun.) MowHy bo^. liDiidon, 
 Ont. (Burijess. Millman.) Monn liiver, MuskokaCo., Ont. (/iunfeas.) 
 Sou-HOU-wa-^a-mi Cruok, Lako Huron ; Micliipirotin to LakoMiMHinaihi. 
 Out. (R. Hell.) In a marsli at Iiiiii;^'tord Lal;u, and in amarHiiat Spnmt 
 Lakt^ Alborni, west coawt of Vancouvor iMJaml. (Atacoun.) Canada 
 to tbo SaHkalebuwau. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 666. HILEOCHARI8, R. Br. iSPIKE-RUSH) 
 
 Fl. 
 
 (246«.) H. Robbinsii, OakoH.; Cray, Man. Kd. V., 557. 
 
 Kendrick's Lake;. and, Potter's Tiako. near St. Htophcn, N.H. ( Vroom.) 
 
 (2467.) H. Obtusa, SchultoH., Hook., Fl. II.. 22!). 
 
 Scirjiiu cttpitatiu, Valil. ; I'urHli, FI. I., 55. 
 
 .V. ovdtiu, Vald. ; I'ureli, Kl. I., 54. * 
 
 Buthor uncommon but widely diNtributod. ('omnu)n in Pictfm Co., 
 N.S. (Mr Kay.) DitchoH at AnnapoliH, N.S. and Whycocomagh, Capo 
 Breton. (Macoun.) Muddy places; common, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 [)itcho8, Campbellton, N. B. (Macoun.) Ktchomin, Q. (Hon. W. 
 Shepperd.) Muddy soil, Notre Dame de Levis, t^. (St. Oyr.) Nation 
 River, at (Jassolman, and other places near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Kemptvillo, Ont. (Porter.) Common in ditcbes at Proscott, Ont. 
 ( Billings.) Ditcbes and muddy places, nitbor common in central 
 Ontario. (Macoun) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Swamps 
 at London, Ont,, and Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) North 
 shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Pitt River, B. C. (./. A. Hill.) 
 Saskatchewan River. (Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 (24G8.) H. palUStriS, R.Br.; Hook., Fl. IL, 228. 
 
 //. muUicavlii, Hook., Fl. II., 228. (?) 
 Scirpu.i jMittutrit, Vahl. ; Purati, Fl. I., 54. 
 
 Common in wet meudowH and bogs from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Marshy places, Annapolis, and Truro, N.S. ; Louisburg, Cape Breton. 
 (Macoun.) Common both in the large form which grows in water, 
 and the smaller form in wet meadows, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Camp- 
 bellton, N.B. ; Little Fox River, Gaspd, Q. (Macoun.) Oiiatchecbou, 
 Q. (St. Cyr.) Water pools, on rot ks, Huckleberry Rapids, Argen- 
 teuilCo., Q. (D' Urban.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) 
 
m 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 Common in marwhy places, Proscott, Ont. (BilUwjs.) Komptvillo, 
 Ont. {Porter.) Abunuunt in iriiirsliy inoudows and hiko margins 
 throughout central Ontario. (Both forms.) {Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Swamps at London, Out. {Burgess. 
 MiUman.) Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) North shore of 
 Lake Superior. (Agassi:.) Batch-ah-wah-nah Bay, Lake Superior ; 
 Michipicotin to Lake Missinaibi, Ont.; <lo\vn the NoUon River to 
 York l*\actory. (li. BeU.) Moose Factoi-y, James Hay. (Cottar & 
 Dr. Hayden.) Foi-I George, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) Syden- 
 ham River, Owen Sound, Ont. ; abundant around Lake Superior 
 and up the Nipigon River to Livingstone Point, on Lake Xipigon. 
 (Macoun.) Wet prairie at Kmerson, Man : Souris River, 4Dth parallel ; 
 and Kitaman River, Kootanie Valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) 
 Rather common in wet spots on the prairie from Winnipeg westward, 
 especially at the File Hills and Long Lake; not uncommon in the 
 Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, and westward to the Pacific coast anil 
 Vancouver Island, where it is abundant. (Macoun.) Throughout 
 ( 'anada to Bear Lake, and from Hudson Bay to the Pacific Ocean ; 
 varying much in size, from four inches to two feet. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 (ireenland. (Laiige.) 
 
 Var. calva, Torr. Bot. N. York, II., 346. 
 Blackwater River, Lake Nipigon, Ont. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. glauceSCenSy Gray, Man. Ed. V., 558. 
 
 In marshes at the mouth of Nipigon River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) 
 
 (246!>.) H. compressa, Sullivant; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 558. 
 
 This species seems to be rare in Canada. In wet moadow.s at Belle- 
 ville, Ont. ; in great profusion, and evidently indigenous. (Macoun.) 
 Barren field north of Fort Wellington, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Port 
 Colborne, Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 
 (2470.) H. rostellata, Ton-.. Var. occidentalism Watson. Bot. 
 Calif. II., 222. 
 
 Scir}}us ro/^tdlatua, Torr. Cyp., 318. 
 Abundant in marshes of the Somas River, at Albeini, west coast of 
 Vancouver Island. The culms are usually rathei'weak, and often root 
 at the tips, forming new plants which soon orjual the parent in size. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (2471.) H. intermedia, Schultes.; Torr. Cyp., 91. 
 
 Not uncommon in marshy spots along the Bay of Quinte, both above 
 and below Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 97 
 
 (2472.) H. tenuis, Schiiltos. ; Ton-. Cyp., 309. 
 Scirpm (muis, Willd.; Torr. Fl. I., 44. 
 
 Xot uncommon, growing in wot moadows and boggy places. On u 
 wet boggy place at Truro, and North-wost Arm, Halifiix, N.S., and at 
 North Sydney, and LouiMburg, Capo Breton. (Macoun.) Halifa.x, N.S. 
 (Sommers.) On a wot bank, Koucliibouguac ; Tohiqiu- Ijakes, Pctitco- 
 diac, and Hampton, N.R {Fowler, Cat.) Salt Lake, Anticosti, and 
 marshes at Grand Ktang, Gaspt^ coast, Q. (Macoun.) Island of Orleans*. 
 Q. {St. Cyr.) Shores of Thunder Bay. and along thi- oast coast of 
 Lake Superior ; east coast of Lake Nipigon. {Macoun. ; Lake of the 
 Woods. {Burgess.) Muskeg Creek, Lake Winni])eg. (./. .1/. Mar.oun.) 
 Marshes along the base of Porcupine Mountain, Man. ; Moose Jaw 
 Creek. Assiniboia ; along the Bow River, at Morloy, and westward to 
 Kananaskis Station, l{*)cky Mountains. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2473.) H. aciCUlariS, R.Br.; Hook., Fl. IL, 230. 
 
 Scirpui aciculariK, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I.,.")4. 
 .S'. capillacens, Michx., Fl. I., 30. 
 
 Muddy places, not uncommon from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Ditches at Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) Louisburg, Cape Breton. (Burgess.) 
 Muddy shores and ditches ; common ; Spurr's Cove, N.B. {Foirler, Cat.) 
 Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Salt Lake, Anticosti ; Ste. Anne des 
 Monts River, Gaspt',(i. (Macoun.) Thunder Creek, 1^. (St. Cyr.) St. .lohn, 
 Q. (W. F. McCrea.) Abundant on all muddy river banks at Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common in ditches at Prescott, Ont. (Billhigs.) 
 Kemptvillo, Ont. (Porter.) Very common in suitable places through- 
 out central Ontario. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Bucfian.) 
 Low ground, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Chicken Bay, Lake 
 Huron ; Sault Ste. Marie and east coast of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) 
 North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Lake of the Wood.s : and 
 Red River prairie, Man. (Dawson.) Red Deer River, near the Hand 
 Hills, and frequent on the margin of pools in the prairie region ; not 
 uncommon in boggy places at Victoria, Nanaimo, and Alberni, Van- 
 couver Island. (Macoun.) Hudson Bay, Reil River, and the .Saskatche- 
 wan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2474.) H. pygmeea, Torr. Cyp.. 313. 
 
 Scirpu.t pmilhui, Vahl.; Pursli, Fl. I., .")4. 
 Brackish marshes along the sea-coast. Haddeck, Cape Breton. 
 (Macoun & Burgess.) Sea-shore, Kent Co., N.B. (Fiwler, Cat.) Sagucnay 
 River, Q. (Burgess.) Lower St. Lawrence. (C. G. Pringle.) Salt 
 marshes at Alberni, west coast of Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
irr 
 
 !»8 
 
 OEOLOaiOAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 (2475.) H. pauciflora, Link. ; Hook., Fl. II., 229. 
 
 .Srirpw pauciflora, Liglitf. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V. 5G0 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1930. 
 .S. Bmothryon, Ehrh. ; Hook., Fl. II., 229. 
 
 Not uncommon but easily overlookocl ; from the Atlantic westward 
 to the Rocky Mountains. Salt Lake, Anticobti ; Gi-antl Etaiig and 
 other places along the Gaspe coast, Q. ; in wet sand at Presqu'ile 
 Point, Wellington Beach, and Toronto Island, Lake Ontario. (^Macoun.) 
 Toronto, Ont. (Burgess) Eastcoastof Lake Nipigon ; marshes at the 
 base of Porcupine Mountain, Man. ; in springs. Cypress Hills, Alberta; 
 abunilant on sand along Bow River, from Morlej' westward, and at 
 Kicking Horse Lake, in the Roclcy Mountains. (^Macoun.) Muddy 
 swamps and salt marshes in the Rocky MounUiins. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 666. 8CIRPU8, Linn. (ien. 67. (CLUB-RUSH.) 
 
 (2476.) 8. caespitOSUS, Linn. ; Torr. Cyp., 319. 
 Eleocharis cieitpitosa, Link.; Hook., Fl. II., 229. 
 Chiefly boreal and alpine in habit, but extending across the continent. 
 Peat bog, Sydney Mine, C'ape Breton. (Macoumi; Burgess.) Richibucto 
 and Lily Liike, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Peatbog, Suit Lake, Anticosti, 
 (Macoun.) Summit of Mount Albert, Gaspe, Q. (Macoun. Porter.) Har- 
 bor Island, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Maisli at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron ; 
 abundant at Current Kivor and north-east coast of Lake Superior; east 
 coast of Lake Nipigon, Ont. (Macoun.) North siioro of Lake Suporioi-. 
 (.igassiz.) York Factory, Hudson Bay; Ford's Harbor, coast of Labra- 
 dor. (M. Bell.) Bogs along the base of the Porcupine Mountain, Man.; 
 on boggy soil, from Morley westward through tlie Rocky and Selkirk 
 Mountains; on the summit of Mount Airowsmitli, alt. 4,800 feet, Van- 
 couver Island. (Macoun.) Thro ighout Canada to near the siioros of 
 the Arctic; sea, and in swamps of the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, FL) 
 Ounalashka, and Sitica. {Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (2477.) 8. SUbterminaliS, Torr.; Hook., PI. II., 22'J. 
 
 Floating and growing in mud at the bottom of shallow lakes. Potit- 
 codiac, and Quaco, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Clair Flats, St. Clair Kiver, 
 Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) In water, Blackstono Lake, Muskoka Co., 
 Ont. (Burgess.) Oba Lake, Ont. (R.Bell.) Gull Lake, Addington Co., 
 and in Gull River, Victoria Co.; White h'iver, north of Lake Superior; 
 and in a small lake on Mount Mark, Vancouver Island, alt. 2,500 feet. 
 (Macoun.) Deep standing pools in the Rocky Mountains, near the 
 heatl waters of the Columbia. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
CATALOaOE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 99 
 
 Potil- 
 
 River, 
 ;a Co., 
 on Co., 
 
 >erioi' ; 
 »t) feet. 
 
 ar the 
 
 (2478.) 8. pungens, Vahl.; (imy, Man. Ed. V., 561. 
 
 S. triqueter, Michx., Fl. I., 47. . 
 
 S. Americans, Pera. ; Pursh, FI. I., 56. 
 S. mucronatus, Vahl. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 55. 
 
 Not uncommon in salt mai-nlies, and on the nhorea of the Great Lakes ; 
 extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfoundland. {Reeks.) 
 Marshes at Sydney MinoH, and Baddeck, Capo Breton. {Macoun.) Pictou, 
 N.S. {McKay.) Common in salt or brackish marshes, Now Brunswick. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Ouatechechou, (J. (St. Cyr.) Gravelly island in the St. 
 Lawrence, opposite Montreal. ( W. F. McCrea.) Along the Rideau River, 
 at Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Bank of the St. Lawrence, three miles 
 west of Prescott; banks of the Rideau River, near Ottawa. {Billings.) 
 Hog Lake, North Hastings, Ont. ; sands of Presqu'ile Point, Lake 
 Ontario; River Trent, above Heely Falls, Northumberland Co., and 
 on Britton's Island, Gull Lake, Victoria Co., Out.; marsh at Chicken 
 Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Sands of Toronto Island, Lake Ontario. 
 {Millman.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logie.) Shallow water, 
 Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. {Burgess.) Salt marshes at Brandon, 
 and Calgary, N.W.T. {Prof. Fowler.) Borders of salt marshes, Old 
 Wives Lakes, Cypress Hills, and throughout the prairie region gener- 
 ally; common in sandy marshes at Oak Bay, and along the coast of 
 Vancouver Island to Comox; also in marshes at Albei-ni, on the west 
 coast. {Macoun.) Fort "Wrangel, Alaska. {Meehan.) Missinaibi River; 
 marshes of the Saskatchewan and throughout the countiy to the An- 
 tic i-egions. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2479.) 8. NevadensiS, Watson, Bot. King's Kxp. V., 360. 
 
 In alkaline marshes along the north end of Old Wives Lakes, and 
 along some of the salt lakes north of the Cj'press Hills. {Macoun.) 
 Chinaman's Ranche, above Sponco's Bridge, B.C. {Fletcher.) 
 
 (2480.) 8. lacustris, Linn.; Hook., Fl. II., 22!» (Great Club-Rush.) 
 S.vaUdw,\ii\\\.\ Pursh, Fl. I., 5G ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 50'-'; Macoun, 
 Cat. No. 1927. 
 
 Common in still water of rivers, and in lakes and marshes from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfoundland. (Eec/is.) Moser's Lake and Cow 
 May, Halifax Co., N.S. {Sommers, Cat.) Annapolis, and Vaiinouth N.S. 
 (Macoun.) In still fresh water N.B. ; common. {Fowler, Cat.) Canipbell- 
 ton, N.B. {Chalmers.) In marshes at Salt Lake, and Ellis Bay, Anticosii. 
 (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa ; not common. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Kemptville, Ont. {Porter.) Common around Prescott, Ont. {Billings.) 
 St. Andrews, Q., and Port Colborne, Lake Erie. {McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 Rivers, lakes and ponds, quite common in central and western Ontario. 
 
100 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 m 
 
 (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (io^«e.) In water at London, Out. 
 (Burgess. Millman.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Lake 
 Nipigon; and Kamlnistiqua Kiver, Thunder Bay, L:»ke Superior. 
 (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods and Roseau ilivor, Man. (Bunjesn.) 
 Lake Mistaasini, N.E.T. ; " Grassy Narrows," Lake Winnipeg' ; Boran's 
 River and down the Severn River, Keewatin. (J. M. Macoun.) Michi- 
 picotin River, Ont. ; Nelson River, Keewatin. (R.Bell.) Moose Factory, 
 James Bay. (Cottar & Dr. Hayden.) Winnipeg and North west Anglo 
 Road ; also Trader's Road, Man (Dawson.) Occasionally in ponds, but 
 particularly at Rush Lake, in the prairie region, extending north to the 
 Peace River; Bow River, at the Kananiskis, Rocky Mountains, and in 
 the Columbia Valley, between Golden City and Donald ; not uncommon 
 on the borders of lakes, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) British America, 
 as far north as lat. 57°; max-shes of the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. occidental is, Watson, Bot. Calif. IL, 218. 
 Kootanie Valley, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.) 
 
 (2481.) 8. maritimus, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. IL, 230, (Sea Club-Rush.) 
 S. maritimua, ji. macroslachyos, Michx., Fl. I., 32, in part. 
 S. robuslus, Pursh, Fl. I., 56, in part. 
 
 Salt marshes on the coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, 
 and boi-ders of salt lakes in the prairie region. Salt marshes at 
 Trur J, and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Common in salt marshes, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Saguenay River ; 
 Riviere du Loup, Q. (Burgess.) Saline lake near Turtle Mountain, 
 Man. (Dawson.) Marshes at the File Hills, Man., and along Thundei' 
 Creek, and Old Wives Lakes, Assiniboia; very abundant in salt 
 marshes at ( jualicum, and Nanaimo ; also at Alberni, on the west coast, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Salt marshes of the Saskatchewan. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2482.) 8. flUViatilis, Gray. (River Cluh-Rush.) 
 
 S. maritimus, var. (?) flunat'du, Torr. Bot. N. York, II., 354. 
 S. robmlns, Pursh, Fl. I., 56, in part. 
 
 Rather uncommon in ri^'er and lake marshes. L'Ange Gardien, and 
 Templeton ; Pointe Aux Trembles, Hochelago Co., Q. (Ami.) Marsh 
 along the Rideau River, at the railway bridge, Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. 
 Ott.) River St. Lawrence, at Prescott. (Billings.) River Trent, at the 
 terminus of the Marmora railway, and at the "Narrows" above that 
 point; Gull River, above Cameron Lake, Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Swampy marsh, Kingst<m, Ont. 
 (Millman.) Port Colborne, Lake Eric. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Shallow 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 101 
 
 water, Point Peli'e, Lake Erie. {Buryess.) Marsh, Lalce Sliebandewan, 
 west of Lake buperior. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2483.) 8. rufUS, Wahi.; Hook. British Flora, 414. 
 BlysmvA rufu-i, Link. 
 Salt marshes, chiefly around thoGulf'of St. Lawrence. Marshy ground 
 at the mouth of Eel River, Rcstigouche Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Abun- 
 dant at Salt Lake, and Becscie River, Anticosti ; very common in salt 
 marshes at Capo Rosier, (Jasp<5, and at intervals along the coast to 
 •Matane, Q, {Macoun.) Shore of River St. Lawrence, (^ (Pringle.) 
 Around salt springs, about a mile up Red Deer River, at the head of 
 Lake Winnipegoosis, lat. 53°. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2484.) 8. sylvaticus, Linn., var. digynus, Bdck. 
 
 S. mtcrvcarpux, Presl. ; (jray, Man. Ed. V., 564 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1931. 
 S. ttijlfuticuK, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. II., 230; Pursli, Fl. L, 56. 
 H. lentictdarix, Torr. ( yp., 328 ; Hook., Fl. II., 230. 
 
 Not uncommon in flowing water from the Atlantic to the Paoitic. 
 Truro, and Annapolis, X.S. (Macoun.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Com- 
 mon in Kent Co.; Campbcllton, N.B. (Foirler, Cat.) Brooks, (Jaspc 
 Basin, Q. (Macoun.) Montreal, and St. Andrews, (}. (McGill Coll. 
 Herb.) Nipigon House, ^.al:e Nipigon, Ont. (Macoun.) Lake Mis- 
 lassini, N.K.T. (./. Richardson.) Rupert House, James Bay. (J. M. 
 Macoun.) Moose Kactory, James liay, (Cottar &, Dr. JIaijden.) Miehi- 
 picotin River, Ont. (Ji. Bell.) Cut Arn. Creek, Saskatchewan River, 
 Athabasca River, Peace River, and Lake Athabasca, N.W.l". (Macoun.) 
 Medicine Hat, Alberta. (J. M, Macoun.) Common in Beaver Creek 
 Valley and in other valleys of the Selkirk Mountains; abundant at 
 Victoria, ^'anaimo, (iualicum, Alberni, and numerous other places, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Canada and Hudson Bay to lat. 57°, 
 and to the headwaters of the Columbia, in the Rocky Mountains ; 
 Sitka. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2485.) 8. atrovirens, Muhl. Gram. 43. 
 
 S. poliiphyllu.", Valil. ; Purali, Fl. I., 57. 
 
 S. Kiilvaticu-'< var. utrurirem, Gray, Man. Ed. II. (1856.) 
 
 Not uncommon in marshes. Watery places at Halifax, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 Cale<lonia, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault). Wet meadows and !)0g8, 
 Norton, and Fredericton; Grand Manan, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) (^ujbec, 
 and River Mingan, Lower St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Abundant on 
 the sandy banks of the Rouge River, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common at Prescott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Low wet meadows and ditches, common in central Ontario. 
 
1- 
 
 f:l 
 
 1 1 
 
 102 
 
 OEOLOOIOAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 (Afflcoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton Ont. {Logic.) Swamps at London, 
 Ont. {Millman. Burgess.) Point Edward, liivoi- St. Clair, (Jnt. (J. M. 
 Macoun.) Fifteen miles up the Kaministiqiia River, west of Lake 
 Superior. {Macoun.) Suult Ste. Marie ; Oxford Lal<o and Nelson River, 
 Keewatin. {R. Bell.) Siuslsatcliewan. Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 667. ERIOPHORUM, Linn. Gen. 08. 
 
 (2486.) E. cyperinum, Linn.; Bentii.& Hook., Gen. Plant, III., 1052. 
 
 Sch'pus Eriophorum, Miclix., var. ajperinw, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 565; 
 
 Miicoim, Cat. No. 1925 
 Trichophorum cypcrinum, Pers. ; I'urah, Fl. I., 57. 
 
 Rather common in ditches and swainps thi-oughout eastern Canada. 
 Newfoundland. {Reek<.) Wliycocomagh, Cape Bi-etoii ; aii<l Truro, 
 ■ N.S. {A[acoHn.) Magdalen Islands, {J. Richardson.) Abundant at 
 Pictou, N.S. {McKay.) Glenolg, (iuysboro Co., N.S. {FarihauU.) 
 Campbellton, N.B. {Macoun.) Thunder River and St. Sauveur, Q. 
 {St. Cyr.) Tadousac, Q. (.1. T. Druinmond.) In pools of water at 
 Huckleberry Rapids, Argenteuil Co., Q. {D' Urban.) Vicinity of 
 Ottawa, {Fletcher, FL Ott.) Ivemptville, Out. (Porter.) Common 
 around Prescott, Ont. (Billlmis.) Yovy abundant in centi-al Ontario. 
 {Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logie.) Swamps, London, 
 Ont. {Burgess. Millman.) Sault Ste. Mario; Echimamish River, 
 Keewatin. {R. Bell.) Abundant at the mouth of the Kaministiqua 
 River, at Fort William, Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Hudson Bay; 
 Canada to the Saskatchewan. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 All the preceding notices are supposed to belong to Scirpus Eriop- 
 horum, Mich.\., var, cyperinus, Gray, which seems to be the common 
 form. 
 
 Var. iaxus, Gray, Man. Kd. V^, 565. 
 
 6'cir/jw Eriophorum, Michx., var. luxm, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 565. 
 
 This is distinguished from all the other forms by its scattered heads, 
 but more particularly by the long pcdicellcd lateral heads and sessile 
 middle one. Along the Restigouche, near Campbellton, N.B. ; wet mea- 
 dows, Whycocomagh, Capo Breton; common at Belleville, Ont.; also 
 Flat Rock Portage, Lake Nipigon, Ont. {Macoun.) Severn River, 
 Keewatin. {J. M. Macoun.) Wet places, London, Ont. (Burgess. 
 Millman.) 
 
CATALOaUE OP CANAPIAN PLANTS. 
 
 SOB 
 
 (2487.) E. lineatum, Bonth. & Hook., Gen. Plant., III., 1052. 
 
 Sdrpun linmlw, Valil. ; Mielix., Fl. I., 32 ; Piirsli, Fl. I. 56 ; Gray, Man. 
 Ed. v., 5(i6. 
 
 Rare and apparently i-onfined to south-wostoi-n Ontai'io. Wet 
 gravelly river flats, London, Onl. (Burgess. Millman.) Point Aux 
 Pins, Lake l<]rie. {Burgess.) Low ground at the nouthern end of 
 Pel«5e Point, Lake Krie. {Macoun k Burgess.) 
 
 heads, 
 sesHile 
 
 et raea- 
 ; also 
 Iliver, 
 
 Burgess. 
 
 (2488.) E. alpinum, Linn.; Hook., Kl. IF., 230. 
 
 E. IIuihoni<inum, Mlclix., Fl. I.. 34. 
 Trirhoplioiun^ alpimtm, I'ursh- Fl. I., 57. 
 
 Peat bogy and cold swamps ; common northward. Mahone Bay, 
 (.'ape Breton. (Sovimers, Cat.) Bog near Sydney Mine, Cape Breton. 
 (Macoun & Burgess.) Aspy Bay, Cape Bi-eton. (McKay.) Grand 
 Falls of Nepi!ii(iuil, and near St. John; St. Francis, and Lily Lake; 
 Andover, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) ("amphellton, N.B. (Chalmers) Charlo, 
 X.H. (Fletcher.) Salt Lake, and HilLs Ba}-, Anticosti; bogs along the 
 Gasp<5 coast, and at Trois Pistoles, Q. (Macoun.) St. Charles Island, 
 Mingan, C^. (St. <'yr.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassis.) 
 Beaver meadow, Hoopers Lake, Tudor, and tamarack swamps, Hun- 
 tingdon, >orth Hastings ; near, Otter Head, and south of Fort William, 
 Lake Superior; White River, north of Lake Superior; and in bogs 
 along Porcupine Mountain, Man. (Mai';Uh.) Lake Mistassini, and 
 Eupert Rivei'. N.K.T. ; Severn River, Keewatin; Charlton Island, and 
 Fort George, James Bay. (.7. M. Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to Lake 
 Mistassini, (Hooker, Ft.) Common in marshes in Beaver Creek Valley, 
 Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2489.) E. vaginatum, Linn.: Hook., Fl. II., 231, (Ilares-tail.) 
 E. ciispitomm, Host. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 5. 
 Peat bogs and swamps from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfound- 
 land. (Reeks.) Halifax, Truro, an<l Mahone Bay, Lunenburg Co., 
 N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Truro, N.S. ; and North Sydney, and Louisliurg, 
 Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Magdalen Islands. (J. Richardson.) Halifax, 
 N.S. (Burgess.) Common in Pictou Co., N S. (McKay.) Common 
 in i)eat bogs, Kent, and Carleton Co's. ; Lancaster, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Salt Lake, Jupiter River, and FjIHs Ba\', Antieosti ; and in bogs along 
 the Gasp^ coast, (i. (Macoun.) Grand Island, Mingan, (^. (St.Cyr.) 
 Boggy soil, Island of Montreal. ( IV. F. McCrea.) Mer Bleue, near 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Bog near Kemptville, Ont. Porter.) 
 Cedar swamps and bogs, North Hastings, Ont.; in a swamp five miles 
 north of Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.) Mossy bog, near London, Ont. 
 
1.^ 
 
 104 
 
 aKOIiOOlOAI, SURVEY OK OANAOA. 
 
 {Bur(jeti,s. Millman.) Lake .MiHtiiHsini, N.K.T. ; Heron's River, and 
 Soveni I'iver, Koewi.tin. (J. M. Macoun.) BogH, Lake Nipigon, Ont. ; 
 Porcupine Mountiiin, Man. ; ubundunt in Hwamps along the Bow River, 
 and frequent in marHiiCH, Rocky Mountains ; eawt of Stewart's Luke, 
 Northern British Columbia. {Macoun.) Canada to Fort Enterprise. 
 {Hooker, Fl.) .Sitka. {Rothr. Alask.) Cumberland Islands. {Parry.) 
 Bantt', liocky Mountains. {Prof. Fowler.) frreeniand. {Lunge.) 
 
 (2490.) E. rUSSeolum, Fries. 
 
 K vuginntum, var. ;., Hook., Y\. II., 231. 
 Rather uncommon in bogs eiiHtward. Newfoundland. {Reeks.) 
 Coast of Labrador. {Butler.) Magdalen Islands. {McKay.) Bog, 
 Straits of Canso, N.S. {Macoun.) lk)g, near Richibucto; Capo Bald, 
 Port Klgin, Hillsborough, Cape Enrage; Chipman, N. B. {Fowler, 
 <'at.) Boi.', Salt Lake, Anticosti; summit of Mojint Albert, Gaape, Q. 
 (Macoun.) < )uatchechou, Q. {St. Cyr.) Table Top Mountain, Gasp«5, Q. 
 (Porter.) 
 
 (2491.) E. capitatum, Host. ; Hook., Fl. IL, 231. 
 
 E. Sc}mich:,ri, Hoppo. ; Kothr. Alask,, 457. 
 
 E. Clmmusoni/i, C. A. Meyer; Itotlir. Alask., 457. 
 
 Poiit bog^ and river margins, chiefly westward. Newfoundland. 
 (Cormacl;.) Labrador. {Butler.) Moose Factory, .lames Bay. (Cottar & 
 Dr. Hayden.) Hudson JJay, lat. 56°. (./. M. Macoun.) Bogs, Porcu- 
 pine Mountain, Man. ; common along the Jiow River, at Castle Mt. 
 and bordering the marshes along the Columbia, between Golden City 
 and Donald; in marshes along Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountains, B.C.; 
 Stewart's Lake, B.C. {Macoun.) Vancouver city, Burrard Inlet, B.C. 
 {Prof. Fowler.) Island Lake, U.C. (Hill.) Lost Lake, Cedar Hill, 
 near Victoria, and Wostwood's swamp, near Nanaimo, Vancouver 
 Island. {Macoun.) Swamps on Mount Finlayson, Vancouvei- Island. 
 (Fletcher.) Kotzebue Sound, Sitka and Oimalashka. (Rothr, Alask.) 
 Fort Churchill, and northward to Repulse Bay and Cajje Lady Pclly. 
 (Dr. Rae.) Point Barrow. {John Murtbch.) Cumberland Island. 
 {Parry.) From (Quebec to the swamps on the summits of the Rocky 
 Mountains, ar.d to the Arctic coasts and islands. {Hooker, Fl.) Port 
 Kennedy, lat. 72°. {Dr. Walker.) (Jreenland. (Lamje.) 
 
 Var. /»., Hook., Fl. IL, 231. 
 
 E. callitrU; Cham. ; Rothr. Alask., 457. 
 Island of St. Lawrence. {Rothr. Alask.) Ihe leaves in this variety 
 are scabrous. 
 
 I' ■ !)?:■ 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 105 
 
 (2492.) E. Virginicum, Lim., : Midi.x-., F\. I., 34; Puisli, l-'l. I., 
 58; Hook., Kl. II., 231. 
 
 Not uncoinmon in l)o^8 eastwiird. Neivfonmllaiul. (Reeks.) Bri^UH, 
 Xewfoundlaiul. (jB. Bell.) Magthilon Islands. (./. /,'icfiardson.) i'ictou, 
 and Guysboro Co., N.S. (McKay.) Pictou. N.S. (Bun/ess.) Cale- 
 doidu, Guysboro Cd., N.S. (Faribault.) Common in bogs in northern 
 counties ; Lily Lake, N.M. (Fonier, Cat.) Ouatchechou ; Vulcartier, 
 Q. (St. Cyr.) Boggy margins of small lakes. .\ rgonteuil Co., '^ 
 {D' Urban.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Kcmptvillc, 
 Ont. (Porter.) Marsh west ol' Prescott Junction, Ont. {BilhtKjs.) 
 Tamarack swamps, Hastings lioad, and Marmora, Hastings Co. Ont.; 
 swamp, five miles north of Colliorno, Out. (Macoun.) Millgrove, near 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Loijie.) London, Ont. ; and I'arry .Sound, Georgian 
 Bay. (Burgess.) Oba Lake, Ont. (/{. Bell.) North shore of Lakt- 
 Superior, (Aijassiz.) Mer lileue, (Jttawa ; Port Colborne, Lake Krie. 
 (McGill Coll. Herb.) Canada to the .Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. album, (iray, Man. Ed. V., 56(J. 
 Wool quite white, heads much >mallei-. 
 ofNoi'th Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) 
 
 In a bog near the town 
 
 (2493.) E. polystachyon, Linn.; Puish, Fl. I., 58; Hook., J-'l. 
 II., 231. 
 
 E.poli/stacli 1/0)1, i, Michx., Fl. 1., 34. 
 
 E.poli/ntacliyvn, L., var. liilifoiiwii, dray, Man. Ed. V,, 5(i6. 
 
 Very common in marshes and bt)gs, under various forms, from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfoumlland. (liceks.) Magdalen Islands. 
 (.7. liichardson.) Aspy Pay, Cape Breton ; iind Magdalen Islands. 
 (McKay.) Caledonia, Ouysboro Co., X.S. (Faribault.) Common in 
 bogs throughout New Brunswick. (Fouler Cat.) Bake Api)le Bog, 
 North Sydney, Cape Breton ; and Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) Hunting 
 Island, Mingan; Ouatohechou. andSt. Sauveur, Q. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity 
 of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Jessup's Swamp and common north- 
 ward, from Prescott, Ont, (Billimjs.) The Dell, Ancaster, near Lon- 
 don, Ont. (Logic.) London, Ont. ; Lake of the ^Voods, and Rosseau 
 River, Man. (Burgess.) Swamp near Turtle Mountain, Man. (Milhnan.) 
 Between Badger Creek ami Turtle Mountain, Man. (Dawson.) Moose 
 Mountain Creek, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Abundant at Flat, and Gopher 
 creeks, Man.; swamps, Bear Hills, Alberta; rather common from 
 Morley westward through the Rocky and Selkirk mountains, B.C. ; on 
 the summit of Mount Arrowsmith, and along the shores of Home Lake, 
 near C^'ualicum, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Norton Sound to Point 
 
II 
 
 106 
 
 (IBOIiOUIOAL SUIIVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 *;*'■ 
 
 M' 
 
 Bni-mw and thu Arctic coaut. {Rothr. Alask.) r'unadii to tho Kocky 
 MountaiiiH, and to the Arctic soa-rihore an<l iHland^. {Hooker, Ft.) 
 Bctwoon Fort Churchill and York Factory. (Dr. Jiae.) Port Kennedy, 
 lat. 72'. (Dr. Walker.) Nottingham, and J)igge'H IwlandH, IIudHon 
 Strait. (B. Bdl.) 
 
 Var. angUStifolium, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 506. 
 
 E. anf/untifolinm, Rotli. ; Piirsli, Fi. I., 58 ; Hook., Fl. II., 231. 
 
 DuiibtleHH many of tlio roCoroncos under var. latifolium belong lioro, 
 but wo had no moanH of dotormining, and ho placed them all under tho 
 gonoi-al head. Canipbollton, N.H. {(Vialmers.) North Sydney, Tape 
 Breton, and Yannoiitli, N.S. ; niarshoB, Mount Albert, Ga8p($,Q. ; bogn, 
 Salt Lake, Aniicosti ; peaty swamps, near Belleville, Ont. ; Rod |{ock, 
 Lake Superior. (Alacoun.) Komptvillo, Ont. (Porter.) Greonlantl. 
 ( Lanije.) 
 
 (24!t4.) E. gracile, Koch.; Hook., Fl. II., 231. 
 
 E. arigunllfotium, Torn Bot. N. York, II., .359. 
 Peiil and other bogs, common eastward. Newfoundland. (Cormack.) 
 Bogs, VVindwor, and Halifax, N.S. (Summers, Cat.) Goldoiivillc, (ruys- 
 boro Co., N.S. (Farihault.) DartnK.utb, N.S. (McGill Coll. Jlerb.) 
 Eather common at liass Eivor : Lancaster, N.H. (Fowler, Cat.) Oow's 
 swamp and other places, Ottawa; uncommon. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 J)r. .lossup's Mwanij) and northward from I're.scotl, Ont. (Billim/s.) 
 LoboroLako, Ont. (Prof. Fowler.) .Swamp, a little cast of Belleville, 
 Out. i Big Swamp, Murray, and in marshy meadows near Trenton, 
 Northumberland Co.; (Jhicken Ba}-, shore of Lake Huron, and marshy 
 8]iots, Point Aux Pins, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Churchill Iiiver, 
 and York Factory, Hudson Bay. Cape Cluidleigh, Hudson Strait. 
 (R. Bell.) Saskatchewan to the Arctic .sea. (Hooker, Fi) Fort 
 Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.) 
 
 Var. paucinervium, Bngelm.; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 5G6. 
 Mossy bog near London, Ont. (Millman. Burgess.) 
 
 668. RHYNCH08P0RA, Vahl. (BEAK-RUSH.) 
 
 (24!i5.) R. fusca, linm. & Schultes, Syst. II., 81. 
 
 R. albii, ii,fu.<>ca, I'ursh, Fl. I., 49. 
 Schatius fmcw, Linn., Sp. II., 1G()4. 
 Peat bogs and beaver meadows. Peat bogs, North Sydney, Cape 
 Breton. (Macoun k Burgess.) Near Hampton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 
0ATAIiO(»rE OK CANAUIAN PLANTS. 
 
 107 
 
 llum|wli)a(l ; Trout Luke, CImiloltc Co., N.H. (lirittain.) B«mvcr 
 mcmlow, I[o(>|)ui-V Luke, Noitli IliiKtings, Ont. {Macoun,) Luko 
 .loHopli, Muskoka Co., Out. (/iun/ess.) 
 
 ^24S)(i.) R. alba, Vahl. ; llock., Fl. II., SSd; Tursl,, Kl. I., 4!t. 
 Hchwnitg itlhw, Linn. ; Michx., Fl. I., 5. 
 Peat bogH and hoavor moudows, oxturuling from tht- Atlantic to tho 
 Pacllic. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) North West Arm. Ilalit'ax, N.S. 
 (Sommers, (^at.) F-iHcomb Uiv r, (iuysboio Co., N.S, {Farilhinlt.) VVt-t 
 bogs near Sydney, ('apo Hrotoii. (.\faruu».) I'oat bogs, near IJitdii- 
 bucto; border of Clifton Luke, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Cbarlotto Co., 
 N.B. (Vroom.) Hami)t()n, N'.I). (llriftdin.) M»'r Hleue, Out., aii<l 
 Luko Flora. Hull, <^ (Flclrha; Fl. Ott ) Suit Lake, and llliis 
 Bay, Anticoisti ; JieavtM- nioadow, Hooper's Luko, and roar of Suniiiol 
 Baker's Farm, Huntingtlon, North Hustings; Big Swamp, Murray, 
 Noi'tiiumherlund Co.; border of South Lake, Snowdon, Victoria Co., 
 Ont.; marsh at Chicken Bay. Luke Huron. (Macoun.) Mos.-^y liog, 
 London, Onl. , Parry Sound, (ieorgiun Bay. {liarijess.) Shore of 
 Home Lake, near (^uaiicum, and at Sprout Luke, Alberni, Vuncouvor 
 Island. {Macoun.) Sitku. (Ruthr. Alask.) 
 
 (2497.) R. capillacea, Torr., Fl. 1., ."io. 
 
 Schmntt nehiceuK, Muhl. Gram., 0. 
 Beuver nieudows. lioojters Luke, und northward along tho Huntings 
 Koad, Tudor, Hustings Co. ; ubundunt in grassy places, Pres(|u'ile 
 Point, LukeOntaiio, and in a marsh at Owen Sound, Ont. {Macoun.) 
 Xiagariv Falls, and Lontlon, Ont. (Jlunjess.) 
 
 (24lt8.) R. glomerata, Vahl.; Pursh, Fl. I., 48; Hook., Fl. 11., 233. 
 
 Schcenus gloimralus, Linn. ; Muhl. Gram. 8. 
 S. vajnlflUiim, Miciix., Fl. L, ;5(!. 
 
 Beaver meadow, Hooper's Lake, Hastings Road, and beaver mo.i- 
 dow in rear of Suniuel liakor's Farm, Huntingdon, Hustings (.'o., 
 Ont. {Macoun.) Moon Rivei-, Muskoka Co. ; and Parry Sound, Ont. 
 {Burgess.) 
 
 669. CLADIUM, R. Br., Hist, .lam., 114. (TWIG-RUSH. 
 
 (2499.) C. mariscoides, Torr. Cyp., 372. 
 Schomus mariscoides, Muhl. ; Torr., Fl. I., 51. 
 Not very common, but occasionally met with in marshes. Mai-sh, 
 
108 
 
 aiOLOaiCAL HirRVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 North Sydney, Capo Breton. (Macmnfi Bunjeaa.) rpjtor Stewiucko. 
 N.S. {McGUl Coll. Herb.) PottorV Luke, near St. Stophon, N.B. 
 ( Vroom.) GraHsy pointn, riinnin|{ into Hii^liton IIail)or, on ilu- norfli 
 Hide of ProHqu'ilo Point, Lako Ontario; >wamp in Killadar. Addingtun 
 Co.; on a mud flat at tlio junction of the PolerHon and Hobcaygoon 
 rojulw, Victoria Co. ; niarHlien, Point Kdwaixl, St. Clair River, Out. 
 {Macoun.) BlackHtone Lake, and Port Cockburn. .Muskokn Co., Ont. 
 {Bur(jess.) 
 
 670. 8CLBRIA, Berg. (NUT-RUSH. > 
 
 (2500.) 8. triglomerata, Michx., Fl. II., 1G8; Pursh. V\. 1., 4*;. 
 In a Handy thicket, near London, Out. ; very rare. {Buryiis.) 
 
 (2601.) 8. verticillata, Muhl.; PurHh, PI. I., 45. 
 UyjiDporum vtrticillnlHin, Net-M. ; Torr. <'yi>., ;{84. 
 Very abundant on grassy pointn running into the nuirshes bordering 
 Pre>qu'ile Point, Lake Ontario, lH<i5. (Maroun.) 
 
 671. KOBRE8IA, Willd. Spec. PI. IV.. 205. 
 (2502.J K. scirpina, Willd.; Ridi. App., Kd. II., 34. 
 
 Kltpia i>picaUi, Schrad.; Hook., l-l. II., 22H. 
 On the summits of the Kocky 31ountains, around Kicking Horse 
 Lake. (Macoun.) Shady places un the U<icky Mountains: barren 
 grounds, between hit. f)4° and the Ai'ctic Sen. (Hooker, Fl.) (irecn- 
 land. (Lanye) Arctic coast. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2603.) K. caricina, Willd. 
 
 Elyna curicina, Mert. & Kotli. ; Hook., Fl. II., 228. 
 On the summits of the Rocky Mountains, at Castle Mt. and Kick- 
 ing Horse Lake. (Macouu.) Dry banks of the Rocky Mountains. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) Greenland, (Lange.) 
 
 672. CAREX, Linn. Gen. 1040. (SEDGE.) 
 
 I. Spike solitary and simple. Terminal and androgynous. 
 Colored. * Bracts scale-like. 
 
 '\m 
 
tATALOUlE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 •Stigma- II. 
 
 lo:^ 
 
 (2504.) C. nardina, Kries. Munt. II., .•».") (1H3S.) 
 C. tliphuriiii, llM(tt,Hi)ok., I'l. II.,-(I" (1N40.) 
 On inoiiutuiii rtiuninitM, iiiul in tlu' iirctic rojrions. .Vntiin^liani 
 Island, oU' Capo Wolstoniioimt.', IIikI-oii .Strait. (Ji. Hell.) •Tin- 
 Twinn," .laincH Hay. (./. M. .Uiiroun.) Hustoin Muninit of Nortli 
 Kootaiiie Pass, |{()ci<y .Mcnmtiiin-. (Dawaon.) On tlio iiioro oK'vatoil 
 Kumtnit.s of the Rocky Mouiiiains, I'l-oin CuhIIo Mmmtaiii wotwai-il to 
 Mount Stopiioii: Hurnmit of Slcwart's Liko Mountain, B.C. (Mivoun.) 
 liocky Mountuin.s. (Hooker, Fl.) Groonianii. {Lawje.) 
 
 (250.-).) C. oapitata, l-inn. Sp. PI. Kd. II., 1381; Hook., FI.II..208. 
 Hudson Hay, and Ilocky Mounntains. {Hooher, Fl.) Groonlund 
 (Lanje.) Wo have nj Canadian Hpt'cimooH of this spceios. 
 
 (2506.) C. flllfolia, Nuttall, (u-n. N. Am. I'l. II., 204(1818); Hook., 
 Fl. II., 208. 
 
 Unciniu l/rtviKiia/lon. t'yp., 428, (18;i6.) 
 
 Kohrenia ijlohJitrin, Dow. Sill. .T.nirn. XXIX., 253, (183«.) 
 
 Dry jj;ravelly soil, (^u'Apptllo Valley, near Fort KUice, ; abundant 
 on hill(<ideB at Morloy, and in the foothills of the Rocky Monnlains. 
 (Macoun.') Carleton House, on tho Saskatchewan ; also in the Rocky 
 .Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2507.) C. dioica, Linn. Sp. PI., !t72. 
 
 Alon^' the River St. Lawrence, at Grand Metis, Q. (Priwjle.) There 
 is much doubt regarding Pringlo's specimens, as Prof. Bailoy does not 
 include this species in his catalogue of North American Carices. I 
 iiave not seen Pringle's specimens. 
 
 (2508.) C> gynocrates, Wormsk. in Herb. Hornm. 
 
 C. diow'i, .Stli\veiiiitz,iV: Turrcy, Mon. (1.S24); Hiwk., Fl. II., 20)S. 
 V. dioica, Linn., var. Diutdliiiiia, Dow. Sill. .lourn. X., 283, (1820.) 
 C. RaloirHkituin, ('. A. Meyur. Cyp. N..v. t. 4, (1830.) 
 C. monoi>pcrma, Macoun, in Herb.; Bailey Carex. Cat- (1882.) 
 C. nigrirann, Dew. Sill. Journ. XXIX., 240, (183G.) 
 
 Cedar and other swamps throughout the country. Restigoucho Co.; 
 Arthurette, N.B. (Fowler, <:at.) Helledune, N.B. (Chalmers.) Bogs, 
 Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Dows Swamp and other localities, 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Swamp near Belleville, and in bogs, 
 North Hastings; also Big Swamp, Muri-ay, Northumborlaml Co., Ont. 
 (Macoun.) Swamp at .Saugeen, Ont. (Burgess.) Abundant in swamps 
 
no 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVET OP CANADA. 
 
 aiound Lake Sui)crior, and at Rod Rock, Nipi^^oi' liiver ; swamp.s along 
 tlio lied Deer River, at the head of Lake Winnipegoosis. hit. 53° ; 
 common in bogs and/ swamps from Moiley westward through the 
 Rooky and Selkii-k mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) Carlcton House, on 
 Saskatchewan, to the Ai-ctic sea ; also Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Ft.) 
 Greenland. {Lawje.') Churchill River, and York Factory, Hudson 
 Bay. IR. Bell. Dr. Rae.) 
 
 Stigmas TIL 
 
 (2509.) C. leiocarpa, C. A. Meyer, Cyp. Nov. 208, t. 5,. (1830) ; 
 Hook., Fl. IL, 2v.3. 
 
 C. anthoxantha, Fresh Reliq. Haenk, 203, vide BoDckeler; Hook., Fl. 
 II., 209. 
 Near the glacier on the Stikino River. (Cowley.) Sitka and Ouna 
 lashka. (Rothr. Alas!;.) 
 
 (251('.) C. Circinata, C. A. Meyer, Cyp. Nov. 20f), t. 6, (1830) ; 
 Hook., Fl. IT., 209. 
 Sitka. (Barclay.) Sitka, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alasl;.) Our 
 specimens were collected by Barclay. 
 
 (2511.) C. Lyoni, Boolt, Hook., Fl. IL, 209. 
 
 Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) According to Drummond, who 
 collected in the Rocky Mountains, between the Athabasca and lat. 
 55°. Since bis time no collections have been made in that region. 
 
 (2512.) C. nigricans, C. A. Meyer. Cyp. Nov. 210, t. 7, (1830); 
 Hook., Fl. 11., 210. 
 
 C. Piirniiiica, Torr. Cyp., 4(i:!, (1830.) 
 Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dair- 
 son.) Ycvy conuiion on the summits of the higher Rock}- Mountains, 
 from Castle IMt. westward to the Selkirk Mountains, B.C.; Mount 
 Ari-owsniith, Vancouver Uiand, alt. ;),(!00 feet. (Macoun.) Sitka, and 
 Ounalashka. {h'othr. Alask.) Rock}' Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2513.) C. Pyrenaica, Wahl. Kcingl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 139, 
 
 0802.) 
 
 C. micropoda, C. A. Meyer, Cyp. Nov. 210, f, (i, (1830) ; Hook., V\. II., 200. 
 
 C. iiiijriciivs, To!t. Cyp., 402, (18l!(i.) 
 
 C. Ddivlllanu, Dew. Sill. .Tourn. XXVIII., 271, (IBSo.) 
 
 Abundant on the summits of the high mountains at Roger's Pass, 
 Selkirk Mountains, 13.C. ; Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, alt. 
 5,500 feet. (Macoun.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
OATALOQUE OF CANADIAN I'LANTS. 
 
 lU 
 
 '2iVX 
 
 ass, 
 :ilt. 
 
 (2514.) C. exiliS, Dew. Sill. Joiini. XIV., 351, (1828.) 
 
 Peat hogs iind tamarack swamps. Nowfoiiiulland. (La Pijlaie.) 
 Peat bog at the head of the North-west Arm, Ilalifa.v, X.S. ; bogs, 
 Salt Lake, Anticosti. {Macoun.) Lakevillo ; Tro'it Lake, near St. 
 George, X.B. (Srittain.) Mer Hleue, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 
 (2515.) C. pauciflora, Lightf. Fl. Scot, 543, t. G, (1777); Hooker, 
 Fl. IL, 210. 
 
 C. kucoglochin, Dew. Sill. Joiirn. X., 42, (1826.) 
 Peat bogs, and cedar and other swamps, from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) Wet boggy ground at the head of 
 the North West Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Bunjess.) Hog near 
 St. John ; mouth of the Madawasica ; and Chipman, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 In bogs, Salt Lake, and Ellis Bay, Anticosti ; summit of Mount Albert, 
 Shickshock Mountains, liaspt-, Q. (ADicoun.) Swamps at Ouatdiechou, 
 <l. (St, Cyr.) Abundant in a swamp Kennebec, Addington Co., Ont. 
 (Macoun.) Border of a peat swamp at London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 Swamp, One-mile Portage, Nipigon River. (Macoun.') Vicinity of 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Border of Langford Lake. Goldstream, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Rock}'- Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Sitka. 
 (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (251(;.) C. microglochin, Wahl. Ki.ngl. Acad. Hamll. XXIV., 
 140, (1802); Hook. l-'i. II., 210. 
 
 Boggy ground. North Twin Fsland, James Bay, 1887. (-/. M. Macoun.) 
 Common in bogg}' jilacos and along rivers and small streams, from 
 Morley we.i;"">.vd through the Rocky Mountains to T*onald in the 
 Columbia Valley, 18!"5. (Macoun.) ICasily distinguishetl from C ;)(J»'V- 
 Jtora, by "a conspicuous proJocLing lachcola" which takes the place of 
 the stiff persistent st3-le in that species. 
 
 (2517.) C. polytrichoides, Muhl. in Willd. (1802); Pursh, Fl. 
 
 I., 39; Hook.. Fl. II., 20!). 
 
 C. ijtalcn, Wiilil. Kon<:l. Acuil. Haiidi. XXIV., 139, (1803.) 
 C. microslacliiKt, Michx., Fl. 11., 109, (1S03.) 
 
 Swamps and bogs Ihrougliout Canada fr(»m the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Newfoundland. (Reeks.) In a swamp at Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) Hather 
 common at Bass River; Spurr's Cove, N.B. (Foirlcr. Cat.) Becseie 
 River, Anticosti; Cape Rosier, ami near Point Fame, Gaspe coast. 
 (Macoun.) Beaumont swamps, and Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Swamps 
 at Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Kemptville, Ont. (Porter.) Abun- 
 dant in black ash, elm, and cedar swamps throughout central Ontario. 
 
112 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SPRVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 ' 
 
 (Macoun.) Low grounds around Prescott, Out. (Billings.) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Swamps. London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 Owen Sound, Ont.; common around Lake Superior and up the Nipigon 
 River; nwanips at Poi-t Arthur, and westwiird through the forest coun- 
 try and prairie to Brandon, Man. (Macoun.) Michipicotin llivei-, Ont. 
 (7?. Bell.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Common in 
 swamps and bogs from Morlej' westward through the Eock}' Moun- 
 tains, to the summit of the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. ; boggy places at 
 Nanaimo and on Mount Mark, V^ancoiiver Island. (Macoun.) 8wamj» 
 near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Hudson Bay to Norway 
 House, noi'th of Lake Winnipeg. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2518.) C. scirpoidea, Michx., Fl. L, 171, (1803) ; Pursh, Fl. I., 
 34; Hook., Fl. n.< 208. 
 
 C. Michauxii, Schwein. An. Tab. I., 04, (1823.) 
 
 a WormsMoldiuna, Schwein. & Torr. I., 294, (1824.) 
 
 C. Kcirpina, Tuckerman, Enum. Meth. 8, (1843.) 
 
 Cold boggy places or mountain summits. Summit of Mount Albert. 
 Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe, Q. (Porter.) Bog at Sydney Mine, 
 Cape Breton ; Salt Lake, and Jupiter Eiver, Anticosti ; Bed, and Chicken 
 bays. Lake Huron, Ont, (Macoun.) Swamp between Badger Creek 
 and Turtle Mountain, Man. (Dawson. Burgess.) Severn Lake, Kee- 
 watin ; Souris Plain, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Griswold, Man. . (B^^r- 
 man.) Not uncommon on the prairies, from Brandon north-westward 
 to Edmonton ; abundant in boggy meadows, from Morley westward 
 through the Eocky, and Selkirk mountains,' B.C. ; summit of Mount 
 Arrowsraith, alt. 5,500 feet, Vancouver Island. (MacDun.) Fort Nor- 
 man, Mackenzie Eiver ; Eocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Ai-ctic 
 sea-coast. (Richardson.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (2519.) C. ObtUSata, Liljeblad, Kiingl. Acad. Handl. (1793); Hook., 
 Fl. II., 209. 
 
 C. affinis, R. Br. Rich. App. Frankl. Narr., 7(j3, (1823) ; Hook., Fl. 
 
 II., 209. 
 C. fiackiana, Dew. Sill. .lourn. XXIX., 250, (1836.) 
 C. obe.ia, var. 7no)>ostacliyii, Bu'ckeler, Linnsea XLL, 185. 
 
 Abundant in the prairie region nn gravelly slopes, and amongst the 
 foot-hills. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) >Near Moose Mountain Creek, 
 Souris Plain, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) Fort QuAppelle, Assini- 
 boia. (Fletcher.) Quite common on dry slopes, from Portagfi la 
 Pi-airie westward to the Rocky Mountains, and northward throughout 
 the Saskatchewan region : on dry gravelly slopes in the foot-hills at 
 Morley, and westward to Canmore, in the Eocky Mountains; Bridge 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANAIJIAN PIANTS. 
 
 113 
 
 !ount 
 Nor- 
 L.rctic 
 
 Creek, FraKOi- River, li.C. {^^acoun.) Carleton Hoiific, Saskatchewiin 
 liivcraiui wooded country northward ; Itoeky .MouutaiDfi, {Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 (2520.) C. rupestris, Allioni, FI, Fed. 11., 264, t. 92, (182;!.) 
 
 C. attnimhi, K. Brown, Ricli. Api>. I'raiikl. Voy., 7()3, (1823.) 
 
 C Drnmmondiana, Dew. .lourn. XXIX., 2'A, (lS8(i.) 
 
 C. tiipeslris, var. Drmitmondimia , Bailey, C'arox, Cat. (1884.) 
 
 Eorder of the first mountain j^<ii'i,fO west from Kanana!>kis Station, 
 Ilocliy Mountains. (Mncoun.) Fort Norman, Maclvenzie River; Rocky 
 Mountains. (Hooker, FI.) 
 
 (2521.) C. ursina, Bow. Sill. Journ. XXYII., 240, (1835.) 
 
 C. fjhinosa, var. c:c.'>pitoi>a, Bci'ck. ; Bailey, Carex, Syn. No. 212, (18SG.) 
 C. glarcoso, var. tinhia, Bailey, Carex. Cat. (1884.) 
 
 Arctic sea-coast. {Hooker, FI.) Gicenland. (Lange.) 
 
 * * Bracts foliaceous. Grem. 
 
 (2522.) C. Backii, Boott, Hook., FI. II., 210, (1840.) 
 C. Wiitdmoni, Gray, Gram. & Cyp. II., No. IGO, in part. 
 Not uncommon on dry, i^rassy and rocky places; in open woods and 
 thickets. Newfoundland. {Reeks.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, 
 Ft. Ott.) Miriwin's Woods, near Prescott, Ont, (Bitlings.) Port 
 Colborno, Ont. {McG ill Coll. Herb.) Carleton Place, Out.; dry ground 
 at Belleville and Shannonvillo, Hastings Co. ; Bald Island, Balsam Lake, 
 Victoria Co.; Nipigon River, north of Lake Superior; Portage la 
 Pi-airio, and thickets near Brandon, and Rapid City, Man.; valley of 
 the Fraser River, at Boston Bai", B.C. (Macoun.) On the Saskatcho- 
 Rivcr, at Cumberland House and Fort Carleton ; Lake Winnipeg and. 
 Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 (2523.) C. WllldenOVli, Schk. (1806) ; Pursh, FI. I., 39, (1814.) 
 
 On a sandy island in the Lake of the Woods, near the mouth of 
 Rainy River, 1872. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2524.) C. Steudelli, Kunth. Fnum. PI. II., 480, (1837.) 
 C. ]yilldcnorii, var. Muhl. Gram. 230, (1817.) 
 On banks along Lake Krie, at Port Stanley ; chiefly on clay blutl's 
 west of the railwjiy terminus, 1882. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2525.) C. Ceyerl, Boolt, Linn. Trans. XX., 18, (1846.) 
 
 Western summit of North Kootanie Pass Rocky Mountains, 1883. 
 
 (Dawson.) 
 
 8 
 
114 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OK CANADA. 
 
 JI. Spike composed of sessile and androgynous, or rarely dioecious spikelets. 
 
 , Stigmas II. 
 
 * Spikes dioacious, or the spikelets androgynous ivith the male and female 
 flowers irregularly intermixed. 
 
 (2526.) C. bromoides, Schk. (1802); Piirsh, Fl. T., 35, (1814); 
 Hook., Fl. II., 212. 
 Swamps and wet grassy places ; rather rare. Marsh near Truro, 
 H'.S. {Macoun.) PoUet Eiver and Portage, Pctitcodiat- ; Arthurette, 
 and Salmon River, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Common in swamps at Prescott, Ont. {Billings.) Piece of 
 4amp woods east of Belleville, Ont. {Macoun.) Swamps near Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. {Logic.) Bogs and swamps at London, and Parry Sound, 
 Ont. {Burgess.) British America ; Kocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2527.) C. Siccata, Dew. Sill. .Tourn. X., 278, (182G) : Hook., Fl. 
 II., 212. 
 
 C. pallida, C. A. Meyer, Cyp. Nov. No. 21, (1830.) 
 Dry gravelly, or sandy soil, having a wido range to the noi-th-west- 
 ward. Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Grand Trunk gravel 
 pit, near Prescott, and woodlands west of Brockville, Ont. {Billings.) 
 Dry thickets east and west of Belleville, Ont.; Eice Lake Plains, antl 
 sandy ground generally throughout central Ontario. {Macoun.) Vicin- 
 ity of London, Ont. ; Lake of the Woods, and Emerson, Man. (Burgess.) 
 Red River prairie, lat. 49°. {Dawson.) Stony Mountain, Man. {Prof. 
 Fowler.) East coast of Lake Nipigon, and at the Pic and Michipicotin 
 rivers. Lake Superior ; Point Meuron, and Kakabeka Falls, Kaminis- 
 tiqua River; very abundant in many parts of the prairie region, 
 especially on gravelly slopes; common on dry hill-sides, at Morley 
 and westward to Canmore in the Rocky Mountains; abundant around 
 ■Cache Creek, and on the dry slopes near Spenco's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 Mothy Portage and Saskatchewan River. {Richardson.) Pelly River, 
 lat. 63°. N.W.T. {Dawson.) Cumberland House, Saskatchewan Biver; 
 Lake Winnipeg and Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2528.) C. diSticha, Hudson, Fl. Angl., 403, (1762.) 
 
 a inkrwcJia, Good. Linn. Trans. II., 154, (1792) ; Hook., Fl. II., 212. 
 a SartwcUii, Dew. Sill. Journ. XLIIL, 90, (1842.) 
 
 Marshes and margins of bogs, rather local. Newfoundland. {Reeks.) 
 .Eiver side, Kemptville, Ont. {Porter.) Ditch along the G. T. Railway, 
 between the wooden bridges, Belleville ; also on Bleeckor's Farm, west 
 of the college, and on Ferry Point, south of Belleville Ont.; abundant 
 
 (2535 
 
CATAr,oaUE OF CANADIAN TLANT.S. 
 
 m 
 
 Fl. 
 
 [.,212. 
 
 in marslios, from Winnipeg westwanl and northward to tiio Rocky- 
 Mountains ; rather common in marshes and on the borders of ponds 
 at Morloy and westward to Canmore, within the Rocky Mountains. 
 (Macoun.) Fort Carloton, on the Saskatciiowan Rivor. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (25-29.) C. Douglas! i, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 213, (1840.) 
 C. Nuttaini, Dew. Sill. Journ. XLIIL, 92, (1842.) 
 C. Meihii, Dow. Sill. Journ. XXIV., 48, (1857.J 
 C. Douglam var. minor, Olney, Bot. King's Exp. V., 363, (1S71.) 
 C. Femlleriann, Bocckeler, Linnica XXXIX., 13.5,(187.5.) 
 C Douglusii, var. dm-n-itplcala, Dew. Sill. .Journ. XXXII., 41, (IStil.) 
 
 Abundant on dry sand or gravel, creeping like C. siccata among.st 
 loose stones and throwing up stems at intervals. In the Qu'Appelle 
 valley at Fore Fllice, and for many miles to the west; on sand-hills 
 west of Moose Jaw, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) Sauris I'lain, near Moose 
 Mountain, Assiniboia. (J. AT. Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Eod Biver prairie, lat. 40^, Man. (Dawson.) 
 
 (2530.) C. marcida, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 212, (1840.) 
 
 Very abundant on the whole prairie i-ogion, from the margin of the 
 woods on the east, to the Rocky Mountains, and northward through 
 the whole Saskatchewan country. (Mii'oun.) Souris Plain, Assini- 
 boia. (J. M. .Vi acoun.) Rod River, Man. ; in a prairie swamp. (Dairson.) 
 AInindant in marshy meadows at Morley, and westward to Castle 
 Mountain within the Rocky Mountains; margins of ponds at Kam- 
 loops and Cache Creek, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2531.) C. Cayana, Desv. Fl. Chili, 205. 
 
 Not uncommon in mountain marshes at Kananaskis Station, Rocky 
 Mountains, lat. 51°, 1885. (2I.^coun.) 
 
 '■^ * Spikelets androgynous, agjreijated, or partly aggregated at the top of 
 the stem, 
 
 t Spikelets male at top. 
 
 (2532.) C. vulpinoidea, Michx., Fl. 1„ GO, (180;{.) 
 
 C. multijlora, Mulil. (1805); Hook., Fl. IL, 212; Piirsli, 1"1. I., 36. 
 
 C. netacca, Dew. Sill. Journ. IX., 61, (1825.) 
 
 C. Kabrior, Sartw. ; Dew. Sill. Journ. VIII., 34',t, (1849.) 
 
 C. vulpinxjormu, Tnckerman, Entim. Metli., 9, (1843.) 
 
 C. bracteosa, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 C. vwllijlom, var. micro^perma, Dew. Sill. .Journ. XI., 317,(1826.) 
 
 Abundant in many places throughout eastern Canada. Xoar St. 
 John, N.B, (Fowler, Cat.) NoarAndover; Hampton, X.B. (Brittain.) 
 
f 
 
 i ^% 'f 
 
 ji 
 
 IIG 
 
 QEOLOGICAI, SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Lower Tobiquo Eivor, N.B. {Wetmnre.) Beaumont, Boauport and I.:> 
 Caiiardii^re, Q. (St. Cyr.) "Near Kcmptvillc, Ont. (Porter.) Vicinity 
 of Ottawa. (^Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. 
 Jlerb.) Abundant in wet meadows tiiroughout central Ontario, ami 
 westward to the last portau;oon Nipigon River, north of Lake Superioi' 
 (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Loijic.) Boggy ground, 
 London, Ont. {Burgess. M'dbnan.) Jilack River, Lake Winnipeg, 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Nelson JJivor, Kecwatin. {R. Bell.) Canada. 
 (Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2533.) C. teretlUSCUla, Good., Linn. Trans. U., 103, (1792); Huok., 
 Fl. II., 213. 
 
 C. terctiiwcula, var. major, Koch., Fl. Germ., SG7. 
 
 Cpammlata, var. tcreiiuscula, AValil. (1803); Torr. Cyp. 390. 
 Rather common in marshes and by lake margins from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacific. Bogs, Truro, and Windsor, N.S. {Macoun ) Swainps. 
 Kouchibouguao, and Salmon rivers, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Campbolllon, 
 N.B. {Chalmers.) Bogs, Salt Lake, Anticosti, and at Fox River, 
 Gasp(?, Q. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Olt.) Com- 
 mon in marshes at Prescott, Ont. {Billinrjs.) Common in marshes 
 along the Bay of Quinto, and in all tamarack swamps, and by ponds 
 throughout central Ontario; Bl.ickwaler River, Luke Nipigon, north 
 of Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Swamps, London, Ont. (Burgess. Mill- 
 man.) Lake Mistassini, and Rupert River, N.IO.T. (./. M. Macoun.) 
 York Factory, Hudson Bay. {E. Hell.) In marshes and on tho 
 mai'gins of ponds through the Rocky and Selkirk mountains, and 
 westward through British Columbia to the coast; in swamjjs and 
 marshes near Cedar Hill, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) Cumberland 
 House, on the Saskatchewan, and westward to the Rocky Mountains. 
 {Hooker, FL) 
 
 Var. ramosa, Boott. 111., 145, (^858.) 
 
 C. prairid, Dew., AVood's Uotauy, 750. (1801.) 
 C.panidoxa, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 213, (1840.) 
 
 Generally westward, especially in the prairie region. Big swamp, 
 Murray, Northumberland Co.; marshy border of Round Lake, Peter- 
 boro Co., Ont. {Macoun.) Port Colborno, Lake Erie. {McGill Coll. 
 Herb.) Very common in marshes throughout Manitoba and westward 
 over the whole of the great plains, and foot-hills of the Rocky Moun- 
 tains, and northward to Lake Athabasca ; occasionally in the Rocky 
 Mountains, at Castle Mountain and in the Columbia Valley ; borders of 
 marshes and lakes at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, Qualicum, Nanaimo and 
 Alberni, Vancouver Island, {Macoun.) Marshes near Victoria, Van- 
 couver Island. {Fletcher) 
 
 ''•'.% 
 
 « 
 
CATALOdUE OV CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 117 
 
 (2534.) C. Stipata, Muhl. Cat. (1805); Tuivsh, Fl. I., 35. 
 
 a ndpinoidin, Torr. (ISIitl) ; Hook., Fl. If., 2r2. 
 
 C. Cru-t-corvi, Sluittloworlli ; Soininers, Cat., Nova Scotia I'laiits. 
 Very common in ditclio.i and wot moailows, oxtcndiiii;- IVoin tlio 
 Atlantif to tho Pacific. Nowfoiuidland. (Reeks.) Halifax, and Anna- 
 polis, N.S. (Macoun.) Near Bedford. N.S. (Somiiiers, Cut.) Pictou 
 (Jo., and ]\Iagda]en Islands, N..S. {McKay.) Common at Ba.ss River ; 
 Norton, N.B. {Fowler, Cut.) Lower Tobi(iuo River, N.15. {ll<uj.) 
 Daliiou.sie, N.B. (Chalmers.) Tadousac, moiitli of Sayucnay HivQr, Q. 
 (Barnston.) Water Cove, Haguenay River, Pentecost J?ivcr, and Island 
 of Orleans, Q. {St. Cyr.) .Mui'ray Bay, River St. Jiawrence; also 8t. 
 Andi'ews, (i. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Wet meadows near Ottawa. {Fletcher, 
 Fl.Oti.) Common at Prescott, Ont. {Billinys.) Komptville, Ont. {Por- 
 ter.) Abundant in moadow.s and ditclios throughout central Ontario and 
 c.Kionding westwai'd to L:il<e Nipigon, at the mouth of tho Blackwater 
 River. {Macoun.) Swamp.s, vjcinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Loijie.) 
 Swamps at London, Out. (Bunjess.) Muskeg Creek, Lake Winnipeg. 
 (<7. M. Macoun.) 3Iarshy ])laces along Lake Winnipegoosis, and at 
 iSwan Lake House, Man.; Columliia Valley, at Donald, B.C. ; in ditches 
 at Somonos, Vancouvoi- Island. {Macoun.) Wot places, Agassi/. 
 Station, B.C. {Fletcher.) 
 
 (2535.) C. alopecoidea, Tuckorman, Enum. Moth., 18, (1843.) 
 
 C. alopi'cuidea, viir. .'ipar.ti-spicata, Dow. Sill. .Tourn. VIIL, lljO, (184!),) 
 C. cephalophora, var. mn.ximi, Dew- Sill. .)ourii. Xr.IIL, 92, (1842.) 
 
 Very rare in Canada. Only collected hitherto in Manitoba. Turtle 
 Mountain, Man., near hit. 49", 1874. {Buryess. Dawson.) 
 
 (2536.) C. sparganioides, Muhl. Cat. (1805); Pursh, Fl. I., 36. 
 
 C. cepltalophoru, ,1. Torr. Cyp. 389, (183G.) 
 
 C. .'>prrganioi(k.'>, var. minor, Boott. 111., No. 284. 
 
 C. muricdta, var. ciphalouiea , Dew. Sill. Journ. XI., 308, (132G.) 
 
 Grassy thickets, and by fences; chiefly in western Ontario. Vicinity 
 uf Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Miriwin's woods, and in fields, not 
 common, Prescott, Ont. {Btllinys.) Open grassy woods and along 
 fences; scarce at Belleville, Ont. ; abundant in rich low woods, near 
 Amherstburgh, L'dvc Erie, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton* 
 Ont. (Logic.) Low meadows, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 (2537.) C. macrocephala, AViUd.; Hook., Fl. II., 215, (1840.) 
 
 C. Menzienana, Smith, Herb. 
 Growing in sand on Savary Island, Gulf of Georgia, B.C., 1885. 
 (Dawson.) This is a most remarkable species, and has a vcr}^ striking 
 
i 
 
 118 
 
 aEOLOaiCAIi SDRVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 appoaranct'. Like most plants growing in 8oa-!<ancl, it is short and 
 htoiit. (Macoun.) North West coast. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2538.) C. cephaloidea, Boott, III. 123, (1858.) 
 Sandy woodland near London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 (2539.) C. cephalophora, Muhl. (1805) ; Hook., Fl. IL, 212. 
 
 Not, uncommon in Ontario, in grassy thickets from Belleville west- 
 ward. (Macoun.) Port Colboi-ne, Lake Erie. {McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 Vicinity of Hiirtiilton, Ont. (Logie.) Thickets, near London, Ont, 
 {Burgess. MUlman.) 
 
 Var. angustifolia, Boott. 111., 123, (1858.) 
 
 a LcavenworlMi, Dew. Sill. Journ. II., 24G, (1846.) 
 In abundance in rocky and grassy thickets on Pelde Island, Lake 
 Eric. (Macoun.) • 
 
 (2540.) C. Muhlenbergii, Schk. (1806) ; Pursh, Fl. L, 36; Hook., 
 Fl. II., 212. 
 
 IJathor uncommon in grassy thickets and open woods. On a ridge 
 near Marmora Village, Hastings Co. ; Pelde Point, Lake Erie, and Port 
 Dover Junction, near St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.) Meadows near 
 London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Hudson Bay. (Torrey.) 
 
 (2541.) C. Brongniartii, Kunth. var. densay Bailey, Carcx, 
 Syn., No. 241,(1886.) 
 
 C. antltericoiilfs, Presl. ; Hook., Fl. II., 211. (?) 
 C. paniculata, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 232, (1880.) 
 
 Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2542.) C. leiorhyncha, C. A. Meyer, Cyp. Nov. (1830.) 
 
 Along the Pacific coast, probably from Oregon northward. (Bailey.) 
 S})ccinien8 referred here were gathered at Yale, British Columbia, 
 May, 1875. (Macoun.) 
 
 9 
 
 (2543.) C. muricata, Linn., var. gracilis, Boott, 111., 193, (1858.) 
 
 C. Ilookeriana, Dew. Sill. Journ. XXIX., 248, (183(0 ; Hook., Fl. II., 212. 
 
 Abundant in many parts of the prairie region, but particulai-ly in 
 the Qu'Appello Valley and at Moose Jaw, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) 
 Carleton House, on the Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) ' 
 
CATALOaiE OF CANADIAN I'LANTS. 
 
 119" 
 
 Var. conflxa, Bailoy, CoultcrH, Bot. Gaz. X., 203, (1885.) 
 
 C. IlooiHi, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 232, in part, (1880.) 
 t'. murimta, Hook., Fl. II., 212, (?) (1840.) 
 
 Oregon, and northward into British America. {Bailey.) North 
 Wo8t coast. (^Hooker, Fl.) Wo liavo seen no specimens. 
 
 (2644.) C. rosea, Schlc. (IBOtJ) i i'ursh, Fl. I., 36; Hook., F\. II., 212. 
 Abundant in thickets in many purts of the eastern provinces and 
 Ontario. New Harbor, Newfoundland. (Eev. A. Waijhome.) North 
 Mountain, Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) Petitcodiac, and Portage, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Nepisiquit River, N.B. {Hay.) Vic-inity of Calumet, 
 Q. {Ami.) Stewart's Busii, Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common 
 in woods at Prescott, Ont. {Billinys.) Moist woods and along the 
 margins of fences and in new meadows th"oughout central Ontario, 
 and westward to Lalte Huron, at Owen Sound. {Macoun.) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, Ont. {Loijie.) Thickets at London, Ont. ; Kmerson, and 
 Turtle Mountain, Man. {Bunjess.) In a swamp. Rod River Valley, 
 Man. (Dawson.) Lake Winnipeg. {Bour(jeau.) 
 
 Var. radiata, l>ew. Sill. Journ. X., 270, (1826.) 
 
 V. neghvta, Tuckerman, Enum. Moth., 10,(1843.) 
 C rose.a, var. minor, Boott. 111., 81, (1858.) 
 
 Open grassy woods, at Pictton, Prince Kdward Co. ; damp woods at 
 Belleville, Hastings Co., Ont ; at Niagara Kails, in oak woods, and in 
 woods at Ainheistburgh, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. retroflexa, Torrey, Cyp. 383, (1836.) 
 
 V. rclmjUxa, Muhl. ; Pnrsli, Fl. I., 35; Hook., Fl. II., 212; Macoun, Cat. 
 No. 2050. 
 British America. (Torriy.) Moist woods, William AiJerson's Farm, 
 Ameliasburgh, Prince Kdward Co., Ont. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2545.) C. Hoodii, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 211, (1840.) 
 , C. congeMn, C. A. Meyer, rid-, Boott. 
 
 In grassy thickets. Cypress Hills, Alberta. (./. M. Macoun.) 
 Nachacco River, and McLeod's Lako, northern British Columbia, lat. 
 55". (Macoun.) 
 
 (2546.) C. incurve, Lightf (1777); H..ok., Fl. II., 211. 
 
 On the summit of the mountain which rises north from Kicking 
 Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Cumberland House, Bear 
 Lake, and Rocky^ Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Valley of the Mackenzie 
 River. {Richardso7i.) Greenland. {Lanrje.) 
 
T 
 
 120 
 
 OEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OK CANADA. 
 
 (2547.) C. Stenophylla, Vahl. (1803); Hook., Kl. II., 211. 
 ('.(luriunnila, ('. A. Moyor, Cj|). Nov., L'14, (IKIU.) 
 Not uncommon tiirougliout tho pniirio region, from Portage lii 
 Pruiric wostwiinl to Kaimnii.ski.s Station in tho l{oclcy .Mountains. 
 {Maroun.) Pruii'io west oi'Turtlu Mountain, .Man. (D air son.) Cui'loton 
 House, on tho Saskutchcwun ; Rocky .Mountainn. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2548.) C. chordorhiza, Kinh.; Hook., Fl. II., 211. 
 
 V./ulrlcnma. I)(,\v.Sill. Jr.iirn. XXIX., 249, ( I SSfi) ; Hook., Fl. II., 211. 
 Poat bogs and marshes, goncnilly norlhwai'd. Shippegan, N.B. 
 (Hay.) Lakoville, Carlolon Co., N.B. (/Jrittnin.) Salt Lako, and 
 HUis iJay, Anticosti; marsh at tho mouth of tho Kaministiqua, on tho 
 loft bank. (Mdcoun.) Mai-shos, London, CJnt. (Bun/ess. Millinan.) 
 Lako Mistassini, X.K.T. i^J. M. Macoiin.) I'oat marsh, Tolci,'raj)h 
 Trail, lat. 54°, B.C. (Mncoiin.) Hudson Bay t(^ Cumberland Houso; 
 Lako Winnipog, Norway Houso and Cumberland Houso, Saskatchowan 
 Eivor. (Hooker, FL) 
 
 t t Spikelets male at bottom. 
 
 (2540.) C. festlva, Dew. Sill. Journ. .XXIX., 246, (1836); Hook., 
 Fl. n., 215. 
 
 a oreades, C. A. Meyer, Bull. Acad. Brux. IX., 248, (1842). 
 Very abundant from tho prairie region westward to the Pacific 
 toast, in thickets and meadows. White Alud River, 49th parallel: 
 Michel Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) In 
 couliios and willow chimps, Cypress and Eagle Hills, aiul northward to 
 Lessor Slave Lake ; common hi damp meadows and thickets, from 
 Morley through tho Rocky and Selkirk mountains, and northward in 
 British Columbia; very abundant in meadows and thickets throughout 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Cumberland Houso to Bear Lako; 
 Rocky ^lounlains. (Hooker, FL) Fra,ser River, near Yale, B.C. 
 {Fletcher.) Lake Lindeman, lat. 59°, B.C. (Dawson.) Shuswap Lake, 
 B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) Greenland. (Lanje.) 
 
 Var. Haydeniana, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 2:u, (1880.) 
 
 C. llui/dcniarui, Olney, Bot. King's E.\p. V., 304, (1871.) 
 On the summits of the higher Kocky Mountains, from Castle Mt. to 
 Kicking Horse Lake. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. gracilis, Olney, Proced. Am. Acad., 407, (1872.) 
 
 On tho beds of" snow slides" at the summit of tho Selkirk Moun- 
 
f'ATALOOUE OP CANADFAN PLANTS. 
 
 llil 
 
 B.C. 
 
 tftitis, and at rioldcn City, in tliu Columbia Vnllcy, B.C. ; nlnitidant in 
 meadows and tliicUols in many parts uf Vancotivi'r island, ('•^pfcialiy 
 at Victoria and Xanaiino. {MiVDun.) 
 
 (2550.) c. athrostachya, OImov, I'rocod. Am. Aca.i. VII,, .•{!»;;,• 
 
 (is-l,) 
 
 fJraHsy thi(d<ots and meadows, f^mwing in largo chimps. Abundant 
 in tbo Cypress and Bear Hills, Alboita ; in British Columbia, at 
 McLcod's Lake, hit. 55'^ ; quite comtnon in meadows and thitUets 
 in the noighborhooil of Victoria, and Nanaimo, Vancouver I-land. 
 {Macoun.) 
 
 (2551.) C. sychnocephala, Carey, Sill, .bmrn, rV„ 24, (1847.) 
 
 C, cjipcroidi .1, Dow, Sill, .Toiirn. UF., 171, (1S47.) 
 (^iiite common in many localities in Ontario and the prairie region. 
 Always found, growing in tufts in ditches and wet, sandy places. 
 Ditches along the Canadian Pacific railway, near Ottawa. (FIttiiier, 
 M. Ott.) Near the Freight House, Prescott Junction, Ont. (BiUiii'js.) 
 Millpond, Madoc Village; in a meadow along the Moira River, .Mar- 
 mora township, and along (!row Biver, near .Marmora village, all in 
 Hastings Co. ; abundant along the Port Hope and Lindsay llailroad, 
 three miles south of Lindsay; border of a swamp five miles from Owen 
 Sound, on the rond to Southampton, Ont.; abundant on the margin of 
 ponds, from Manitoba westward to near Battleford, on Battle River. 
 (Macoun.) (^uite common in gravel and wet sand, on tiie west shore 
 of Lake Winnipeg. (.7. M. Macoun.) 
 
 * * * Spikekts distinct or nearly so. 
 t Spikelets male at top. 
 
 (2552.) C. tenella, Sohkuhr, Riedgr. 104, (1801.) 
 
 C. dupermu, Dew. Sill. .lourn. VIII,, 201!, (1824) ; Hook., 1-1. II., 211. 
 a (jraciiis, Gray, Sill. .lourn. IV., 22, (1847.) 
 
 Abundant in cedar swamps nm\ wet woods generally, from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfoundland, (Cormack.) Truio, .-ind 
 sphagnum swamp at the head of the North West Arm, Halifax, N.S, 
 (Macoun k Burgess.) Magdalen Islands. (./, Richardson.) Near Pictou, 
 N.S, (McKay.) Damp shady woods, Buss J{iver, N,B, (Fowlrr,Cat.} 
 Tobiquo River, N,B, (Hay.) Bogs at Salt Lake and Jupiter J{iver, 
 Anticosti. (Macoun.) Island of Orleans, Q, (St. Oyr.) Madeline 
 River, Gaspe, Q. (Porter.) Hecollet Swamp, Montreal. (C. F.McCrm.) 
 Abundant at Sugar Bush Lake, Montcalm Co., Q. {D' Urban.) Dovv's 
 Swamp and other places at Ottawa, (htetcher, Fl. Ott.) Marshy 
 
122 
 
 OEOLOdlCAL 81IRVEV OF CANADA. 
 
 l!(Hl' 
 
 Bwamp noar ProHCott Juni-tion, Ont. (,BiUtn<js.) Koinptvillo, On(. 
 (Porter.) Codar swamps and bonlei-H of ponds tlirouj^'hoiit cotilriil 
 Ontario, and to Lake Superior and all the northern forest region. 
 [Maroiin.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Loyie.) Swampy ground, 
 Komoka, Ont. {Millman.) Swamps at London, Ont.; and Luke of 
 the Woods. (Bunjass.) York Factory, Hudson Bay; Oba Lake, Ont. 
 (R. Hell.) Eastern summit of North Kootanio Pass, Rocky Moun- 
 tains. (Dawson.) In swamps in nortliorn Manitoba, and north-westward 
 to Peace River, lat. 50"; common in swamps at Morley and westward 
 through the Rocky Mountains to Donald in the (.'olumbia Valley ; 
 northward through British Columbia to McLood's Lake, lat. ')5° ; 
 rare on Vancouver Island, only noted on Mount Mark, near (^ualicum. 
 (Maroun.) Common in British America to the Rocky Mountiiins. 
 (Hooker. FL) 
 
 t t Spilcelets male at bottom. 
 
 (2558.) C. trisperma, I>ew. Sill. .Tourn. IX., (5:5, (1825) ; Hook., 
 Fl. II., 213. 
 Abundant in bogs eastward from Lake Superior. Sphagnum swamp, 
 Truro, N.S. (Manoun.) Swamps and wooils, Bass River ; Carleton 
 Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Tobi(iuo Lakes, N.B. (Brittain.) Swamps, 
 Cape Rosier, and Grand Valine, Gaspd coast ; Mount Albert, Shichshoek 
 .Mountains, (J. (Macoun.) Ouatchochou, and west point of Mingan 
 River, (I (St. Cyr.) Swamps, vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, i'7. Ott.) 
 Common in swamps at Proscott, Ont. (Billimjs.) Keniptville, Ont. 
 (Porter.) Cedar swamps throughout central Ontario, and westward 
 to the country around Lake Superior ami Lake Nipig<»n. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Swampsat London, Ont. (Burgess. 
 Millman.) Cumberland House and Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2554.) C. remota, Linn. Sp. PI., Ed. IL, 1883, (1757.) 
 
 Re-<embles tall and lax forms of C. canescens, but differs in the much 
 scattered spikes. Newfoundland, according to Gay, and Sitka, accord- 
 ing Flora Rossica. -^(Bailey, Care.v, Syn. 145.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2555.) C. tenuiflora, Wahl. (1803); Hook., Fl. II., 214. 
 
 Swamps and peaty meadows, not common. Tobiquo River; Petit- 
 codiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Mer Bleue, noar Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Swamp, five miles west of Belleville, and in a cedar swamp beyond the 
 Jordan, Hastings Roiid, Ont. ; Flat Rock Portage, Lake Nipigon ; and 
 in peat bogs at Red Rock, Port Arthnr, and Fort William, west of 
 Lake Superior, and at Otter Head, on the east coast ; in wet woods» 
 
rATAI.oiiUK <»K CANADIAN ri-\NT«. 
 
 12;{ 
 
 Swan LiiUo IIouho, Miui. { Maeoun.) HordorH <>r ii peat U^i near 
 Ijondon, Ont. (liuriji'ss. Millman.) ('anadii lo Norway llouso, I/iko 
 Winnipeg. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2556.) C. oanesoens, Mnn. Sp. II., '.•74, ( I7r)7.) 
 
 ('.curia, Goml (171)2); II o';., Fl. II., HU I'.riireli, 1"1. I.,:!7; Michx., 
 
 , ri. I., (i8o;i.) 
 
 ('. rititu, var. /-(////(/«, Olney, H )t. KinK''« Exp. V., im, (1S71.) 
 Very common uiidor varioiiH (brins in bo^s ami Hwamp?< from tin- 
 Atlantic to Iho I'acitic. HiigiiH, Nowrniuidland, ( li. Hell.) Coast 
 of Labrador. {Mrdill Cull. Ifrrh.) Common in hogn at Truro, 
 Windsor, and Halifax, N.S. ( Miiroun. k liurgess.) Magdalen iHlamlw. 
 (J. Richardson.) Common at Jias.s itivor; liily Lake, N.B. (Fuwler, 
 Cat.) Chipman, X. B. (Wetmon:) Ouatohorhoti, Q. (/S7. Cyr.) 
 Tadousac, Q. (A. T.Dnimmond.) Swamps, vicinity of Ottawa. (Flrtrher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Common in swamps at Proscott, Ont. (Billhuja.) Marshy 
 spots in meadows, along margins of ponds, and in peat bogs, tlirough- 
 out central and northern Ontario to Ijako Nipigon, ami wost of Lake 
 Superior. (Maroun.) Swamps, London, Ont. (Iiur(jess.) Wet places, 
 Emerson, Man. (^Millmim.) liako Mistassini, N.K.T. {J, M. Maroun.) 
 North end of Lake Winnipeg. (H. Bell.) Apparently rare in the 
 Eocky Mountains, only observed at Kicking Horse Lake, and at Six 
 Mile Creek, in the Solkii-k Mountains; i)ogs northward up the Fraser 
 Hiver, B.C. {Macoun.) ilgacho Brook, Ji. C. {Dairson.) On the 
 borders of ponds and lakes throughout Vancouver Islanil, though tiir 
 from common. ( Maroun.} Arctic sea-coast and Mothy Portage. 
 (Richardson.) Common in Mritish America. {IIo')lcer, Fl.) Sitka. 
 (liothr. Alask.) Crreenland. ( Lamje.) 
 
 A curious form, with the spikes gathei-ed in a glomerate almost 
 triangular head, was collected at Jiangford Lake, Vancouver Island, in 
 Juno, 1887. 
 
 Var. vulgaris, Bailey, ined. (1888.) 
 
 €■ ciiiuscni.1, var. ulincoln, Anioricaii authors, in part. 
 
 Differs from the sjiecies in its more slender culm, and laxor luibit, 
 its small spikes and usuall}' smaller and spreading perigynia. The 
 commonest form of 6'. canescens. Abundant in swamps and wet meadows. 
 Common through the Northern States, east of the Mississippi and adja- 
 cent Camida. (^Bailey.) Common at Bass Biver, Carleton Co., and 
 i-ather common at Salmon River, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Bogs at .Salt 
 Lake and Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (Macoun.) St. Charles Island, Mingan, 
 and Ouatchechou, Q. (St. Cyr.) Bogs, vicinity of Ottawa. (Flctclar. 
 Fl. Ott.) Cedar swamps, Dummer, Peterboi-o Co, ; north-east coast of 
 
 Q 
 
^■i 
 
 12* 
 
 OEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Lake Superior, and in swamps at Port Arthur, Thunder Bay ; Nipigon 
 River, Lake Superior. (Ma^oun.) Lake Mistassini, N.B.T. (J. M. 
 Macoun.) Mossy bog, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Abundant 
 .in mar.shes at Swan Lake House, and around the Porcupine Mountain, 
 Man.; 13cavor Ci'ock, in tiio Selkirk Mountains, B.C.; swamps near 
 McLooil's Lake, northei-n British Columbia. (Macoun.) Vancouver 
 city, Burrard Inlet, B.C. {Prof. Fowler.) It is jMobable that some 
 of the above references belong to the next variety, as we have not 
 seen the specimens. 
 
 Var. alpHola, Wahl. 
 
 C. I'ph.rroHiicha, Dow. Sill. Journ. XLIX., 44, (1845.) 
 
 C. cuncKcem, var. vitilin, Macfnm Cat. Ko. 1908, in part, (1878.) 
 
 Smaller than the species (seldom over a foot high), the culm stiff in 
 most alpine forms, more or less slender in the subalpine forms; spikes 
 small and gl<)l)ular, or nearly so, well dotincd brown or tawny. Alpine 
 or subalpine, across the continent. (Bitiley.) Marshes at Truro, and 
 Halifax, N.S. {Bur<j'ss Sc Macoun.) Along the Gasp^ coast, and up 
 the Ste. Anno des Monts Biver, and on Mount Albert, Shickshock 
 Mountains, Q. ; Partridge Lake, North Hastings, and in a swamp near 
 Bollville, Ont. (^Macoun.) 
 
 (2557.) C. arcta, Boott, HI., 155, t. 49*7. 
 
 C. carieKceufi, var. polystocht/a, Boott. ; Rich. .lourn. II., 344. 
 C. Kwizei, Olney, Proced. Am. Acad., 407, (1872.) 
 
 Swamps and ditches; extending from New Brunswick westward to 
 Vancouver Island. Potitcodiac, Hampton, Portage, and Moss Glen, 
 King's Co., N.B. (Brtttain.) Gatineau Point, near Hull, Q. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Wet shore of Lake Champlain, Q. (Pringle.) Abundant 
 on Long Portage, Nipigon River; also on a Portage near Rainy Lake, 
 Dawson route ; very abundant in ditches and wet meadows at Victoria, 
 and Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. {Macoun ) Cedar Hill, near Victoria, 
 Vanco:":or Island. (Fletcher.) Burrard Inlet, at Vancouver city, B.<J. 
 (Prof. Fowler.) Rainy Lake and Luke of the Woods. (Richardson.) 
 
 (2558.) C. Deweyana, Schwoinitz, An. Tab. (1823) ; Hook., Fl. 
 If. ,213. 
 
 C. rcmota, Rich. App, Frankl. Exp. (1823) ; Pursh, Fi. I., 37. 
 In dry grassy thickets, abundant from the Atlantic westward. 
 Point Pleasant, near Halifax ; and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Bass 
 River; Petitcodiac; Gaspereau River, and Salmon River; Aroostook 
 Kails, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Tobiquc River, N.B. (Hay.) Thickets 
 along the Jupiter River, Anticosti; River Ste. Anne des Monts, Gasp^ 
 
CA-fALOGl'^ OF CANADIAN I'LANTS. 
 
 125 
 
 Q. (Macoun.) Madoliiio River, Gaspo, Q. (Porter.) Montroal ^. iin- 
 tain. (C. F. McCrea.) .Meadows near Tomploton, (J. ; Port Coli!.)rne, 
 Ont. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Kemptville, Ont. (Porter.) In all woods at 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Ft. Oit.) Common in woods at Piivscott, Out. 
 (^Billings.) Woods at Carleton Place, Curlcton Co., and westward 
 throughout^Ontario to the west side ol" Lake Superior; L-ikc Nipi<j;<>n. 
 (Macoun ) In low thickets, London, Ont. (Bun/ess. MiUman.) Along 
 Lake Superior, Rainy Lake, and Lake of the Woods. (liichardson.) 
 Punk Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. AT. Macoun.) Telegraph Trail, near 
 Stewart's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Canada to Norway House, and Rocky 
 Mountains. {Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 Var. Bolanderi, W. Eoott, Bot. Calif. 11., 236, (1880.) 
 C. Bolanderi, Olney, Proced. Am. Acad. VII., 393, (18G8.) 
 
 Rich and damp grassy woods in numerous places on the Pacific 
 coast. Fraser River Valley, at Yale, and Boston Bar, B.C. ; abundant 
 in thickets at Oak Bay, Goldstroam. Shawnagin Lake, Cowichan 
 River, Nanaimo, Alberni, and many other localities, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Mount Finluyson, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) Shores of Burrard Inlet, at Vancouver city, B.C. (Prof. 
 Fowler.) 
 
 Var. sparsiflora, Bailey, ined. 
 
 C. Bolanderi, var. spari>iflora, Olney, Proced. Am. Acad., 407, (1872.) 
 
 Plant laxer in habit than the type; leaves narrow, spikes mucd 
 eraaller; perigynium half as large, more or less excurved. The most 
 reduced form of the species. (Bailey.) Swamps near the summit of 
 Mount Mark, near Qualicum, Vancouver Island. This is quite u dis- 
 tinct form and closely related to the var. Bolanderi. Collected at 2,500 
 feet altitude, 1887. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2559.) C. Norvegica, Schk. (1801); Dew. Sill. Journ. XXXII., 
 
 38, (1861.) 
 
 Abundant in numerous salt marshes at Truro, N.S. ; Salt Lake, and 
 Ellis Bay, Anticosti, and from Cape Rosier to Matane, along the Giasp6 
 coast of the St. Lawrence. (Macoun.) Salt marsh, Shodiac, N.B. 
 (Brittain.) Whale Cove, Grand Manan, and Back Bay, Charlotte Co., 
 N.B. (Hay.) Salt marshes, Lower St. Ijawrence. (Primjle.) Sitka, 
 and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2560.) C. brizoides, Linn., var. nemoralis, Wimmcr, Fl. 
 Siles. 401. 
 Arctic America, according to Ba'ckelei-. (Bailey, Carex, Syn. 146.) 
 
T" 
 
 126 
 
 QEOLOaiOAIi SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 f 
 
 (2561.) C. echinata, Murray. Prodr. Gcett. 76, (1770.) 
 
 a si'llulata, Good., Linn. Trans. II., 144,(1792); IIcMik., Fl. II., 214; 
 
 Macoun, Cat. No. 2066. 
 C. MelMata, var. s<en7t.t, Torr. Bot N. York, II., 380, (1843.) 
 C. sterili.^, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 236, (1880.) 
 
 Culms stiff; spikes large, all contiguous or nearly so; perigynium 
 large, much attenuated above. (Bailey.) Apparently commonest 
 eastward. Only our own specimens and what have been named 
 C. sterilis, arc referred to the species. All othei'S go with the second 
 variety. Topsail, Newfoundland. (R. Bell.) Petticodiac, N.B. (Brit- 
 tain.) Swamps at Truro, and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Glenelg, 
 Guysboro, N.S. (Faribault.) St. Charles Islands, Mingan, and Tadou- 
 sac, Q, (St. Cjjr.) Riviiire do Brig, Anticosti ; Gasp«? Basin, and 
 L'anse a Valon, Gaspe, (i. ; Livingston Point, Lake Xipigon, and 
 Lake Maria, Nipigon River, Ont. (Macoun.) Swampy river flat, 
 London, Ont. (Burgess, Millman.) Not uncommon in marshes at 
 Morley and westward through the Rocky and Solkii-k mountains, B.C. ; 
 borders of marshes at Goldstream, Alberni, and Mount Mark, near 
 <iualioum, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. conferta, Bailey, Carex, Cat. (188-4.;; 
 
 C. siellulata, var. confcrta, Cliapm. Flora, 534, (1860.) 
 
 Bogs at the head of the North West Arm, near Ualifax, N.S. 
 (Macoun & Burgess.) Along the coast from Newfoundland southward 
 to Florida. (La Pylaie.) Ditters from the species in the oblong den- 
 sely flowered, and more spi-eading spikes, and recurved perigynium. 
 (^Bailey.) 
 
 Var. microstachys, Ba>ckeler, Linmea. XXXIX., 125, (1875 ) 
 
 C. mrpnidi'D, Schkuhr, Riedgr. Naclitr. 19, (1805) ; Pursii, Fl. I., 37. 
 
 C. xkriliK, Willd. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 34, (1814.) 
 
 V. .okrilis, vars. ,1 & }., Torr. Cyp., 392, (1830.) 
 
 C. sidltikita, vars. mrpoides & mxjmUiUt, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 579, (1868) ; 
 
 Macoun, Cat. No. 2006 vars. 
 C. echinata var. angustata, Bailey, Carex, Cat. (1884.) 
 
 More slender; spikes small and more sc^iftered ; perigynium smaller 
 and less conspicuously beaked. (Bailey.) Very (vbundant in swamps 
 and marshes throughout the eastern provinces. Halifax, N.S. (Som- 
 tners, Cat.) Petitcodiac; common in Kent Co., at Bass River; also 
 Carleton Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Common in swamps at Truro, 
 N.S. ; and along the Ste. Anne des Monts Itiver, Gasp(5, Q. (Macoun.) 
 Mingan, and Pentecost rivei's, Q,. (St. Cyr.) Bogs antl marshes, com- 
 mon near Ottawa. (Flttcher, Fl. Ott.) Very common around Prea- 
 
 I 
 
CATALOOUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 127 
 
 cott, Ont. {Billings.) Extremely common throughout central Ontario 
 and westward in the forest region to the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) 
 Port Colborne, Ont. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Kemptville, Ont. (Porter.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Boggy places at London, Ont. 
 (Burgess. Mi llman.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Lake 
 Mistassini, N.E.T. ; also Souris River, and at Medicine Hat, Alberta. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) From Brandon, Man., westward to the Rocky Moun- 
 tains, and through them to British Columbia, and to Vancouver Island, 
 where it is common. {Macoun.) Common in British America, to the 
 Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) Sitka, and Ounalashka. {Rothr. 
 Alask.) 
 
 (2562.) C. heleonastes, Ehrh. ; Linn., til. Suppl., 414; Hook., 
 Fl. XL, 214. 
 
 C. CarUonia, Dew. Sill. Journ. XXVII., 288, (183.5.) 
 
 a marina, Dew. Sill. Journ. XXIX., 247, (1836) ; Hook., Fl. II., 214. 
 
 A rare and alpine or arctic species, seldom detected but easily 
 known by its remarkably rigid appearance. In a boggy meadow on 
 the border of a small lake, three miles south of Kicking Ilorso 
 Lake, Rocky Mountains. {Macoun.) Hudson Bay to Cumboi-land 
 House, on the Saskatchewan ; Norway House, at foot of Lake Winni- 
 peg. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2563.) C. glareosa, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 146, 
 (1802); Hook., Kl. II., 214. 
 This species seems conlined to the sea-coast, or mountains near the 
 sea. Cape Chudleigh, and the Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait 
 {R. Bell.) Ouatchochou, Q. {St. Cyr.) Grand Ktang, Gaspd coast* 
 and summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe, (^. 
 {Macoun. Porter.) Shumagin Islands, Alaska. {Harrington.) Arctic 
 sea-coast. {Richardson.) Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
 (2564.) C. lagopina, Wahl. Kilngl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 145, 
 (1802.) 
 
 C. kporina, Willd. (1805) ; Hook., Fl. II., 214. 
 This is a boreal or mountain species seldom detected. Maritime 
 rocks, Labrador. {Allen.) On i-ocks along the sea, near Point Sccho, 
 Gaspd coast, Q.; Stewart's Lake Mountain, British Columbia, lat. 55°. 
 {Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) South Kootanie Pass 
 Rocky Mountains. {Dawson.) On the higher Rocky and Selkirk 
 mountains, from Castle Mountain to Roger's Pass, and the great 
 glacier. {Macoun.) Gi-eonland. {Lange:) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. 
 Alask.) 
 
 S 
 
128 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 (2565.) C. Liddoni, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 214, (1840.) 
 
 This Hpei'ies is distin/^uishod by its erect and thick rusty head, and! 
 very lai'go and comparitivoly firm brown perigynium. (Bailey.) 
 Taking tlio above view of the species, Prof. Bailey refers our specimens 
 to C. pj'atensis, Dro]., yot Mr. Arthur Bennett, of Croydon, England, 
 assures me that our specimens aie identical with those in Boott's hoi'- 
 bariura. It is certain that Boott's nguro in Hooker's Flora Borcali 
 Americana, is difl'ei-ent in appearance from oui- specimens, and it is 
 probable that Boott has figui-ed a young plant of one species and 
 retiiins a well grown one of another under the same name in his 
 herbarium. Owing to the place oi growth, and the absence of all 
 boreal surroundings, I am of opinion that our prairie specimens are 
 not C. pratensis, whatever else they may be, but place them there 
 because I can do no better. Fine specimens with stout culms and well 
 developed spikelets forming a fairly compact head, were gathered at 
 CeJar Hill, Vancouver Island. These arc '-eferred to C. JAddoni by 
 both Lange and Bailey. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2566.) C. pratensis, Drejer, Kev. Ci-it. Car. Hor., 24, (1841.) 
 
 Spoaimens that wo refer here were collected on sand on the oast 
 coast of Lake Superior, above Michipicotin, in the summer of 18C9, and 
 named C. Liddoni hy Pj-of. Dewey, of Eochester. Fi-om the remarks 
 of Prof. Bailey, I am inclined to believe that they belong here. The 
 spikelets ai-e very much narrowed at the base, and in some instances 
 the lower ones become compound. Specimens of this form can be seen 
 in Prof. Dewey's herbarium. (Macoun.) Pic Eiver, Lake Superior 
 (Loring.) Middle Bay, Labrador. (Allen.) Gi-eenland. (Lange.) 
 Moose Mountain Creek and westward on the Souris Plain, Assiniboia. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Ve^y abundant on the open jirairie, and in thickets 
 throughout Manitoba and westward to the Eocky Mountains. I have 
 often seen many acres covered \^'*h the tufts of this sjiecies, and 
 admired the silvery hue and noilcang habit of the spikes. Eather 
 common in the lower valleys of the Eocky Mountains and in the 
 Columbia Valley, at Donald, B.C. ; along the Nachacco Eiver, British 
 Columbia, and not uncommon at Goldstream, Cedar Hill, and through- 
 out southern Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 Since the notes on C. Liddoni and C. pratensis were written, I have 
 had a rei)Oi't from Prof. John Lange, author of " Conspectus Floree 
 Grccnlandicaj." He says that the specimens from Michipicotin, Lake 
 Superior, and the Nachacco Eiver, B.C., are the same and seem to be in. 
 termediate between C. scopana, Schk., and C\ pratensis, Drejer. The 
 specimens from the prairie are the same as those of Coulter's Manual, 
 refen-ed to C. pratensis, Drejer., by Bailey. The Vancouver Island 
 
OATALOaUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 12{> 
 
 npecimons he does not know, but thinks they are different from both 
 0. scoparia i\nd C. pratmsis. Of those he says: "Mihi ignota; forsan 
 forma C. scoparia ; differt a C. pratensi, foliis brevioribus magisquo 
 scabris, spicis magis approximatis, squamis atrofuscis, &c." — Feb. 16, 
 1888, Joh. Lange. 
 
 From the above it is evident that these forms are included in the 
 sjiecimens referi-ed to C. pratensis, but we must wait for more light 
 before finally deciding. 
 
 (2567.) C. adusta, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 215, (1840.) 
 C argyrmilha, Tuckerman in Herb., (1859.) 
 C. albolutencens, Olney, Exsicc. I., 8, (1870.) 
 C. albolutesccm, var. argyranlha, Ohioy, Exsicc. I., 9, (1870.) 
 C. alliolutescens, var. spar.iijlora, Olney, Exsicc. V., 11, (1870.) 
 C. adiisla, var. argijrantha, Bailey, Carex, Cat. (1884.) 
 Eichibucto, Kent Co., and other localities, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.} 
 Harbor Island, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Woods near Niagara Falls, 
 Ont. ; very abundant in woods through which fire has run, everywhei-o 
 around Lake Superior, and LakeNipigon andwestwaid toEainyLake. 
 (Macoun.) Port Arthur, Lake Superior ; and Emerson, Man. (^Burgess.) 
 On grassy slojies in the Columbia and Beaver Creek valleys, Selkirk 
 Mountains, B. C. {Macoun.) Methy Portage, lat. 57''. (Richardson.). 
 Common in British America to the Eocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2568.) C. pingUiS, Bailey, Bull. Bot. Minnesota, (1886.) 
 C. admta, var. glomirata, Bailey, Carox, Cat. (1884.) 
 C- albolutei'ceits, var. glomerata, Olney, Exsicc. V., 10,(1870.) 
 This species ditt'ers from C. odusta in its stilt" culm ; dense broad head, 
 of which some spikes, or at least the lowest one, are subtended by a 
 short and very broad-based, nerved and pointed bract; ])erigyniuni 
 very plump, and nearly tilled by the achenium, flat or convex and 
 nerveless, or very nearly so, on the inner face, wingless or slightly 
 margined above. It grows in dense tufts in dry soil. (Bailey.) 
 Eichibucto, Kent Co. ; Neoisiquit Lake and Lower TobiqueEiver, N.B, 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Eiver Ste. Marguerite, Q. (Pringle.) Burnt woods, 
 Tudor, Hastings Co.; woods, Elliott's Falls, Gull Kiver, Victoria Co. ; 
 abundant at Livingstone Point, Lake Nipigon ; Eainy Eiver, near the 
 Lake of the Woods ; and ir. the ToucJiwood Hills, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2569.) C. arlda, Schwcinitz & Torroy, Car. Mon. 312, (1824) ; 
 Hook., Fl. II., 214. 
 
 C scoparia, var. Muslingumensis, Tuckerman, Enum. Meth. 17, (1843.) 
 C Mxi-ikingumensis, Scliweinrtz, An. Tab. (1823-) 
 Apparently rare in Canada. Wet thickets on the prairie, between. 
 Point du Chien and Winnipeg, Man. (Macoun.) 
 d 
 
A', i 
 
 130 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OJ" CANADA. 
 
 (2570.) C. tribuloides, Wahl. Kiingl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 145, 
 
 (1802.) 
 
 a lagopodiuidcs, Schk. (1806); Hook., Fl. XL, 214; Pursli, Fl. I., n?. 
 
 C. scoparia, var. lagopodioide»s Torr. Cyp. 394, (1830.) 
 
 C. lagopodioidcs vaf. compomta, Olney, Exsicc. II., 10, (1870.) 
 
 Not uncommon in thickets, and near swamps. Flowering very late 
 in the season and long after all forms of C. straminea. Bass Eiver, 
 Km ' C (tt rare at Salmon Eiver, N.B. (Foivler, Cat.) Campbell- 
 ton, N.B. {Chalmers.) Muddy soil. Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 Not rare at Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl, Ott.) Common in thickets at 
 Prescott, Ont. {Billiugs.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Abun- 
 dant in central Ontario, and extendmg westward to Point Meuron, west 
 ofLak' '^ ''i/;.. (Macoun.) Cumberland House, Saskatchewan River. 
 {Hooku . .., V "'t Colborne, Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 
 Var. cri...tatc., i'.aiioy, Carex, Syn. 148, (1886.) 
 
 C. c> 'lata, Schv .■.i"<,2, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 C itr:-r.ilru -, var ■ ■. Tuckermau, Enum. Meth. 18, (1843.) 
 
 C.lnn.jpod :. '.^. -.ii ' 0;>vey, Gray, ]\[an. Ed. I., (1848.) 
 
 C.mirahiliSyliew.Kw.i.: >. XaX., G3, (1836.) 
 
 C. Bebbii, Olney, Exsicc. II., 12, (1870.) 
 
 Much more abundant than the species. Damp woods, Kingston, and 
 Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Newfoundland. (Reeks.) Tobique River, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Canoos Eiver, N.B. (Vroom.) Vicinity of Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abundant throughout central Ontario, extending 
 south-westward to Lake P]rie, at Pelee Point and north-westerly to 
 Flat Eock Portage, Nipigon Eiver. (Macoun.) Michipicotin Eiver, 
 Ont. (E. Bell.) Low, wet meadows, near London, Ont. (Burgess. 
 Milman.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Port Colborne, Lake 
 Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Lake Winnipeg to Cumberland House. 
 (^Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. reducta, Bailey, Carex, Syn. 148, (1886.) 
 
 C. scoparia, var. moniliformis, Tuckerman, Enum. Meth. 18, (1843.) 
 C. lagopodioides, var. moniliformis, Olney, Exsicc. II., 8, (1870). 
 
 Bass Eiver, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat,) 
 
 We distinguish the three varieties as follows : — 
 
 (1.) Spikelets numerous, generally in glomerate beads; perigynia 
 not recurved at the tips at maturity. 
 
 (2.) Spikelets fewer, more scattered, and the perigynia with recurved 
 tips at maturity. 
 
 (3.) Spikelets small, very much scattered (moniliform), perigynia 
 spreading, or recurved at the tip. 
 
CATALOOUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 18 
 
 Vl II., 214; Pursh, 
 
 L-igynia 
 [curved 
 ligynia 
 
 (2571.) C. scoparia, Scl.k. (1801); Hook. 
 Fl. I., 37. 
 
 C. ncoparia var. minor, Boott. 111. 116. 
 
 C. lagopodioides, var. scoparia, Breckelor, Linnaea XXXIX., 114, (1875.) 
 
 a leporina, Miclix., Fl. I., 170, (1803.) 
 
 Abundant in meadows and borders of woods. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) 
 Truro, Windsor, |^ingston, and Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) Meadows, 
 Glonclg, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Near North Sydney, Cape 
 Breton. (Burgess.) Pictou Co., N.S. (McKaij.) Very common at 
 Bass River, Kent Co. ; Campbcllton, Jlcstigouche Co., N.B. (Fowler, 
 Cat.) Nepisquit Lakes, N.B. (Brittain.) Water Cove, Saguenay Biver, 
 and St. Ambrose, Q. (iSY. Cyr.) Abundant on sandy banks of the 
 Eividre Rouge, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Common around Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abundant in meadows at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) 
 Meadows near Kemptville, Ont. (Porter.) Very common in low wet 
 meadows, growing in large tufts, throughout central Ontario, and 
 extending westward to the west side of Lake Sujjerior, and Lako 
 Nipigon. (Macoun.) Vicinitj' of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Low mea- 
 dows at London, Ont. (Burgess, MiUman.) North shore of Lake 
 Superior. (Agassiz.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; Muskeg Creek, and 
 Washoe Bay, Lako Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Nelson and Kchima- 
 mish rivers, Keewatin. (R. Bell.) Westward from Winnipeg to Fort 
 Carleton, on the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Lakes Superior, Iluron, 
 Winnipeg, and Atliabasca. (Richardson.) Common in British America. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2572.) C. straminea, Schk. (1801); Hook., Fl. II., 215. 
 
 C. leporina, Pursh, Fl. I., 36, (1814.) 
 
 C. »traminea, var. brevior, Dew. Sill. Journ. XL, 158, (1827.) 
 C. ulramwea, var. ininor. Dew. Sill. Journ. XI., 31S, (1827.) 
 C. straminea, vars. Crawei d- Meadii, Boott. 111. 121. 
 
 In the arrangement of the various Canadian forms of this species 
 ■we have followed Bailey's Care.x Synopsis chiefly, but for convenience 
 and the sake of greater accuracy in the determination, we still retain 
 some of the older varieties placed by him under tlie species. 
 
 Var. typica, is distinguished by its stiff, erect culm, seldom two 
 feet high, and alwaj's growing in dry places. Often in large clumps 
 amongst rocks, or on dry prairies. Leaves quite short; spikelets sel- 
 dom over five and usually at the top of the culm. Fields, Glenelg, 
 Guysboro Co., N.S. (Faribault.) Kouchibouguacis ; McAdam Junc- 
 tion, and Frederiction Junction, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Vicinity of 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Dry rocks, Shannonville, Hastings Co. ; 
 
132 
 
 QEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 i'1 
 
 Mnssnssagua Point, near Bolloville ; and on dry rcjks, Tudor, North 
 Hastings, Ont., and Livingstone Point, Lake Nipigon, Ont. (Macoun.} 
 Woods near London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Very abundant on 
 the dry prairie west of Winnipeg, at Brandon, File Hills, Long Lake, 
 Moose Jaw Oi-eek, Old Wives Lakes, and westward to the Rocky 
 Mountains. (Macoun.) Oba Lake, Ont. ; and Nelson River, Keewatin. 
 (B. Bell.) Turtle Mountain, Man., and South Antler Creek, Assiniboia. 
 (Burgess.) Stony Mountain, Man. (Prof. Fowler.) w 
 
 Var. tenera, Boott, 111. 120. 
 
 C. tenera, Olney, Car. Bor. Am. (inecl) 
 This form is distinguished by its weak culm, longer leavesj'much 
 smaller spikclets and its different habit. Its usual habitat is damp 
 meadows, where it grows in large clumi^s. It is distinguished from 
 var. aperta by its erect culms and smaller spikelets. Kent Co., N.B. ; 
 rather rare. (Fowler, Cat.) Windsor, and Pictou, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 Cassolman, and Billing's Bridge, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Port Colborne, Lake Erie. (McQUl Coll. Herb.) Common in wot 
 meadows in central Ontario, extending westward to Port Arthur, and 
 Fort William, Thunder Bay, Lake Sujierior. (Macoun.) Observation 
 Point, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Abundant in damp soil, from 
 Winnipeg westward to Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba, Brandon, 
 File Hills, and the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.y 
 Lake Winnipeg. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Yar, festucacea, Boott, 111. 120. 
 
 Cfeslucacea, Wilkl. (1805) ; Pursh, Fl. I., 38 ; Hook., Fl. II., 215. 
 
 Heads larger than the preceding, usually more scattered, slightly 
 tapering to the base; perigynia long-beaked, and slightly spreading. 
 St. John, and Digdcguash, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) In meadows at Bad- 
 deck, Cape Breton. (Macoun. Burgess.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Banks of the Rividre Rouge, at Bevin's Lake, Argentcuil 
 Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Rather common in low wet meadows at Belle- 
 ville, and westward through Ontario to Thunder Bay, Lake Superior. 
 (Macoun.) Woodstock, Ont. {Millman.) London, and Parry Sound 
 Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 Var. foenea, Toi-rey, Cyp. 395, (1836.) 
 
 • C. fanca, Willd. Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 957, (1809.) 
 C straminea, var. clilorvstachys, Bocckeler, Linnsea XXXIX., 118, (1875.) 
 
 We have no Canadian specimens of this variety except one from 
 Olney, which he obtained from Prof. Fowler, of Queen's College, King- 
 ston, Ont., in 18*70, collected in Kent Co., New Brunswick. 
 
OATALOaUE OP CANADIAN PI-ANTS. 
 
 133 
 
 Var. alata, Bailey, Carox, Cut. (1884.) 
 
 a alala, Torr. Cyp. 396, (1830.) 
 
 C. alata, var. piUchra, Olney, Kxsicc. I., 14, (1870.) 
 
 Basa Eivoi-, Kent Co., N.B., 18Y0. (Prof. Fowler vido Olney.) Not 
 
 uncommon in thickets west of Portage hi Prairie, Man. (Macoun.) 
 
 . Var. mixta, Bailey, Cai-ex, Syn. 151, (1886.) 
 
 C. lagopodioidci, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 237, (1880.) 
 G adusta, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 238, (1880.) 
 
 This variety is the representative of C. straminea on Vancouver 
 Island. It is rather rare, being observed only on Cedar Hill, and at 
 Nanaimo, and Alberni. (uMacoun.) 
 
 Var. moniliformis, Tuckerman, Enura. Meth., 17, (18-43.) 
 C.Jcema, var. (?) mhuionum, Gray, Man. Etl. V., 580, (1868.) 
 C. silicea, Olney, Procod. Am. Acad. VII., 393, (1808.) 
 C. stramincfi, viir. Mlicea, Bailoy, Carex, Cat. (1884.) 
 
 This variety is intended to include only the maritime form on the 
 Atlantic coast. Sand beach. South Bar, North Sydney, Cape Breton ; 
 on the beach, Point Pleasant, Halifax, N.S. (ATacoun.) Sand beaches 
 on thecoast atKiiuchibouguac, N.H. (^Fowler, Cat.) L'Anse tV Griffon, 
 Gasp(5 coast. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. aperta, Boott, 111. 120. 
 
 C. tenera, Dew. Sill. .Tourn. VIII., 97, (1824.) 
 
 C. tenera, var. major, Olney, Exsicc. II., 15, (1870.) 
 
 C. Hraminea, var. tenera, Bailey, Bot. Gaz. X., 381, (1885.) 
 
 This form is very little known in Canada, but is very likely common 
 in the eastern provinces, and taken either for the type or var. tenera. It 
 is distinguished from my tenera by its globular spikelets disposed in a 
 loose nodding head, with a long setaceous bract at the base of the lower 
 one. In damp meadows near Casselmau, thirty miles south of Ottawa. 
 {Fletcher, FL Ott.) 
 
 (2573.) C. leporina, Linn., var. Americana, Olney, Proced. 
 Am. Acad., 407, (1872.) 
 
 C.pelaaata, Dew. Sill. Joiirn. XXIX., 240, (1830) ; Hook., Fl. II., 214. 
 C.ovalis, Good.; Hook., Fl. II., 214, (1840.) 
 
 Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Abundant in British Columbia, 
 at Yale, Cache Creek, Clinton, and northward to the Nachacco, and 
 Fort McLeod, lat. 55°; also on the summit of Mount Arrowsmith, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Slikine River, above theCaiion, and at 
 Telegraph Creek, lat. 58°, B.C. (Dawson.) Oiinalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
134 
 
 OEOLOOICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 III. Uppermost spikelet androgynous, vmle at base; the others female. 
 
 * Stigmas IF. 
 
 (2574.) C. bicolor, AUioni, Fl. Ped. II., 267 ; Hook., Fl. II., 216. 
 
 Greenland, and Labrador. {Hooker, FL) Greenland. (Lange.) Wo 
 have Rocky Mountain speciinenH of C. aurea, which have black scales 
 with a white centre, which approach this, but the beak of the fruit 
 is that of the latter epecies. 
 
 * * Stigmas III. 
 
 (2675.) C. Buxbaumii, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Ilnndl. XXIV., 163, 
 (1802.) 
 
 C. cancsccm, Hook., Fl. II., 21f), (1840.) 
 Bogs and beaver meadows ; not uncommon from the Atlantic to tho 
 Pacific. Newfoundland. (Betks.) Bog at the head of the North 
 West Arm, Halifax, N.S. ; bogs at Louisburg, Cape Bi-eton. {Macoun.) 
 liestigouche, near the mouth of the Upsalquitch ; Lily Lake, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Near St. John, N.B. (Burgess.) Salt Lake, and Jupiter 
 River, Anticosti ; Point Fame, and Matano, Gaspd coast, Q. (Macoun.) 
 Bogs, vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Beaver meadow, bor- 
 der of Hooper's Lake, Tudor, Hastings Co.; Red Bay, Lake Huron; 
 Sturgeon Lake, Nipigon River ; en rocks at the head of tho rapid 
 Current River, Port Arthur, and on marshy ground at Pic River, and 
 Otter Head, east coast Lake Superioi-. (Macoun.) Bogs, near King- 
 ston, Ont. (Prof. Fowler.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 In mountain meadows, and bogs from Morley westward hrough the 
 Rocky Mountains to Roger's Pass, Selkirk Mountains ; shores of Ilorne 
 Lake, near Qualicum, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Canada to Cum- 
 berland House, on the Saskatchewan ; Lake Winnipeg, near Norway 
 House; Observatory Inlet, and Sitka. (Hooker, FL) Sitka. (Rothr. 
 Alask.) 
 
 (2576.) C. Cmelini, Hook., Bot. Peechy's Voy., 118, (1834); 
 Hook., Fl. II., 21G. 
 Oregon to Alaska. (Bailey.) North West coast, and Kotzebue 
 Sound. (Hooker, Ft.) Sitka, Ounalashka, and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. 
 Alask.) Port Etches, Alaska. (Barclay. Specimen sent from British 
 Museum.) 
 
 (2577.) C. Mertensii, Prescott, (1833) ; Hook., Fl. II., 217. 
 C. Cohmbiana, Dew. Sill. Journ. XXX., 62, (1836.) 
 One of the finest carices we have, and even worthy of a place in our 
 
CATALOaUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 135 
 
 gardens, (irowing in tufts by mountain streams, and on the Pacific 
 coast. Washington tori-itory, and northward to Sitlia. (Bailey.) 
 Abundant by streams in the vaileyw of the Solkirlc Mountains, B.C. ; 
 in stream bods on Mount Mark, Vancouver Island, alt. 2,500 feet. 
 (Macoun.) Pitt River, B.C. (mil.) Shores of Burrard Inlot, Van- 
 couver city, B. C. (Prof. Fowler.) North West coast to Sitka. 
 (Hooker, Ft.) Ounalashka, and Sitka. (Rothr. Mask.) Port Etches, 
 Sitka. (Barclay.) 
 
 (2578.) C. atrata, Linn., Sp. PI. 976, (1753) ; Hook., Fl. II., 216. 
 
 On mountains and by rivers and lakes in the northern forest region. 
 Madawaska and Tobique rivers, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Nicalau Lake, 
 N.B. (Hay.) Near Jupiter Jtivoi-, and at Becscio Kiver, Anticosti ; 
 in fields, Gaspd Basin ; and along the Ste. Anno dos Monts River, 
 Gasp^, Q. (Macoun.) Table-top Mountain, and Madeline River, Gaspo, 
 Q. (Porter.) Temiscouata, Q. (Burgess.) Lake Mistassinl, N.K.T. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Hayes Rivor, Keewatin. [R. Bell.) Shore of Current 
 River, at Port Arthur, Lake Superior ; high hills near Lessor Slave 
 Lake, and at Peace Rivor Canon, hit. 5(J ; quite common in grassy'* 
 places, from Morley westward through the Rocky Mountains to Roger's 
 Pass, Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) Along Belly River, lat. 4!)°. 
 (Bunjess.) Damp wood. Camp Akamina, Rocky Mountains, hit. 49°. 
 (Dawson.) Goo-so Creek Mountain, five miles from Keithly, B.C., 
 alt. 5,800 feet. (Bowman.) Rocky Mountains to arctic America. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) Kotzebue Sonnd. (Rothr. Alash.) Fiances River, near 
 lat. 61°, north of British Columbia. (Dawson.) 
 
 Var. nigra, Boott, 111. 114. 
 
 C. nigra, All. Fi. Ped. II., 2G7; Hook., Fl. II., 224, (1840.) 
 Apparently rare or overlooked in Canada. On the higher mountain 
 slopes and summits of the Rocky Mountains westward from Castle 
 Mountain to the Selkirk Mountains, at Roger's Pass, B.C. ; Stewart's 
 Lake Mountain, B.C., lat. 55°. (Macoun.) Labrador. (Schweinitz, 
 Torrey vide Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. ovata, Boott, 111. 114. 
 
 a ovata, Rudge, Linn. Trans. VII., 9(i, (1S04) ; Hook., Vl. II., 216. 
 Newfoundland, and Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2579.) C. heteroneura, W. Boott, Bot. Calif II., 239. (1880.) 
 
 Summit of the South Kootanio Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1881. (Daw- 
 son.) Only a few specimens were obtained, but these accord well with 
 
186 
 
 OEOLOOIOAL 8CBVKY OF CANADA. 
 
 tho doHci'iptiun. Tho light colurod auiicloH of the Itrncts, aiid while 
 porigyniii with ii purplo omarginjito tip, Kopiirnto it from tho var. 
 crec/rt oftho procoding specioH. 
 
 (2580.) C. alplna, Swart/.. Lilj. Svensk. Fl., FA. II., 2»J. 
 
 C. Vahlii, Sdik. ; Hook., Fl. 1 1., *Jl(J, (1840.) 
 
 C. media, R. Br., App. Frankl. Nurr., 703, (1823.) 
 
 (:, alphiii, var. nlijremm. Ohioy, Cat. WheHlor'H PI., 5!J. 
 
 Not iiiicommon northward, or on mountains. Crovioos of rock.s at 
 Jupitoi- Hivor, and Hllis Hay, Anticosti ; fall of Sto. Anno don Monts, 
 at tho base of Mount Alhort, Q. ; shores of Lako Nipigon, and tho shore 
 of Lako Suporior, at Port Ai-tlmr, Ont. {Macoun.) North shore of 
 Lako Superior, (/hjossiz.) Mooso Factory, Jamos Bay. (Cottar Sc Dr. 
 JfaydcH.) Fort Georgo, James Bay. (J. At. Maroun.) South Kootanio 
 Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Wot wooils, Swan Lako House, 
 Man. ; woods along tho route fi-om Kdinonton to Peace River and at 
 Lako Athabasca ; occasionally mot with in tho Rocky Mountains, 
 westward to Kicking Uorso Lako; mountain woods at McLood's Lake, 
 B.C., lat. 55". (Macoun.) Common in British America to Arctic 
 <!oa8t ; Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Lewos River, lat. 62°, north 
 of British Columbia. (Dawson.) 
 
 : 
 
 (2581.) C. Parryana, Dow. Sill. Journ. XXVIII., 230, (1835); 
 Hook., Fl. II., 21(j, in pai-t. 
 
 C. arclku, Dew. Sill. Journ. XXVII., 2:i9, (1835.) 
 C. HalUi, OIney, Hayden's Rop. 496, (1871.) 
 
 Abundant in tho northern part of tho prairie region, extending from 
 Portage la Prairie by Fort Ellice, Touchwood Hills, Fort Carleton, 
 and Edmonton, to Lac la Nun, near tho Athabasca River; rather rare 
 along the Bow River, at Morley. (Macoun.) Carleton Foit. (Hooker, 
 Fl.) In the prairie region all the specimens have the terminal spike- 
 let androgynous ; in some of those from Lac la Nun, it is entirely 
 Btaminate, and in others androgynous. 
 
 <2582.) C. Virescens, Muhl. (1806); Pur.sh, Fl. I., 39, (1814.) 
 
 C. costata, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 C. tiresceiif, var. elliptlca, Olnoy, Exsicc, III., 21, (1870.) 
 
 In open grassy woods, western Ontario. (Juito common In open 
 woods, Niagara Falls, Essex Centre, and Amhcrstburgh, Lake Erie. 
 (Macoun.) Low woods, near Leamington, Essex Co. ; and Point aux 
 Pins, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) 
 
OATAt.OQUK OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 137 
 
 il4.) 
 
 (258;{.) C. triceps, Michx. Fl. I., no, (1803); I'ui-Hh, Fl. I., 40. 
 
 C. hirmta, Willd. ; Hook., Fl. II., 21(1, (1H40.) 
 
 C. riridiila, Hcliwoiii. i^ Torr. Tar, Mon., [JL'O, (18*J4.) 
 
 C. liirmla, viir. prdunculnUi, Soliwtiiii. iSi Torr. ( 'ivr. Mmi, ;I23, (1824.) 
 
 C. rnmiilimald, Torr. A Hook., Mdiioyr. 408, (1830.) 
 
 C. Smitliii, Tortor ; Olncy, Kxnicc. I., 'M, (1870.) 
 
 V. ItuUiann, Hdckoler, Klorn, 40, (1878.) 
 Rathoc niro in woHtorri Ontario, or ovorlooiiod. vVbundunt in roi-Uy 
 lliicUotB, QiH^onstowii Iloi-fiitu, and Foster's KiatH, noar tlio whirlpool, 
 Niagara Falls. (Mdcoun.) 
 
 (2584.) C. gracilllma, Sohwoinitz, An. Tah. (182:i) ; Hook. Fl. 
 II., 217. 
 
 (.'. diriiloliK, Schwoiii. t^ Torr. Car. Mon. 324, (1824.) 
 Abundant in open woods and meadows. Woo(Ih at Truro, Windsor, 
 and Yarmouth, N.S. ; North .Sydney, Capi' Ihoton. (Maeonn.) Sow- 
 (bundland. (^Reelis.) Mass Hivcr, Kent Co.; Tobiquo River, N.IJ. 
 {P'owler,Cat.) Frye's Island, N.B. {//ay.) Pelitcodiac, and Clifton, 
 N.B. {Brittain.) llalhor common at Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Common in meadows at Prescott, Ont. (liillini/s.) Koniptvillo, Ont. 
 (Porter.) Very common from Carloton Place woslward to IJolleville, 
 Owon Sound, and thonco to Kakabeka Falls, thirty miles west of Port 
 Arthur, Lake Superior. (Maccun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Lo(jie,) 
 Wet meadows, London, Ont. {liiinjcss. Millm ni.) Canada to Norwaj' 
 House, north end of Lake VViniii|)eg. (Ifoo , Ft.) 
 
 (2585.) C. formosa, Dew. Sill. Journ. VIIL, !>7, (1824.) 
 
 Apparently very rare in Canada. Found in profusion in a meadow 
 on the right bank of the Moira, noar the paper mill, Belleville, Ont., 
 Juno 18, 1807. Never collected since 1873. 
 
 <2586.) C. squarrosa, Linn., Sp. PI. 973, (1753.) 
 
 C. Uiphina, Michx., Fl. I., 169, (1803.) 
 
 C. liiphinoidts, Schweinitz, An. Tub. (182.3.) 
 This species seems confined to a restricted area in wostorn Quebec 
 and Eastern Ontario. Low sandy beach, Buckingham, Ottawa Rivor, 
 <i. {Avxi.) Duck Island, near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 
 III. Spikelets sometimes all staminate at the tip, or with one androgynous 
 
 or altogether staviinate. 
 
 * Stigmas II. or 111. 
 
 (2587.) C. petricosa, Dow. Sill. Journ. XXIX., 246, (1830) ; Hook., 
 Fl. II., 216. 
 Summits of the Rocky Mounlaius, between lat. 54°-56°. (Drum- 
 
138 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVBr OP CANADA. 
 
 mond.) Drummond collected in the Eocky Mountains, between the 
 souices of the Athabasca and Peace Eiver. The latter river leaves the 
 mountains in lat. 56° 12', so that all his mountain species were gather- 
 ed south of lat. 56°. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2588.) C. Franklinii, Boott, Hook., FI. IT., 217, t. 218, (1840.) 
 Rocky mountains, about lat. 56°. (Drummond.) 
 
 (2589.) C. misandra, R. Br., Suppl. Parry's Voy.,283, (1823.) 
 
 C. fuliginosa, Sternb. & Hoppe. ; Hook.., Fl. II., 224, (1840.) 
 C. misandra, van elatior, Lange, Fl. Green., 140, (1880.) 
 
 Arctic sea-coast. {Richardson.) Repulse Bay, and arctic coast. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) Throughout Arctic America. (Bailey.) Port Kennedy, 
 Baffin Bay. (Dr. Walker.) Greenland. (Lange.) Between Fort 
 Churchill, and Yoi-k Factory, Hudson Bay. (Dr. Jtae.) Kotzebuo 
 Sound, and Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Cape Chudleigh, Digge's 
 Island, and the Eskimo Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) 
 
 (2590.) C. atrofusca, Schkuhr. Rietigr. 106, f. 82, (1801.) 
 C. xisluhita, Wahl. ; Schk. f. 82, (1803) ; Hook., Fl. II., 224. 
 Labrador. (Schweinitz &. Torrey, vide F^ioker, Fl.) 
 
 (2391.) C. aurea, Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. PI. II., 205, (1818) ; 
 Hook., Fl. II., 226. 
 
 C mtUica, R. Br., Friinkl. Narr. App. 70S. (1823.) 
 
 C. pyrij'ormw, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 C. aurea var. androgyna, Olney, Exsicc. I., 15, (1870.) 
 
 Common in wet meadows, and springy places from the Atlantic to 
 the Pacific. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) Grass}- places at Ar. lapolis, 
 Truro, and "Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Pictou Co., N.S. (McKay.) 
 Near S*^^. John, Kennebeccasis Island, Andovcr, and Minister's Face, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Lower Tobique River, N.B. (Hay.) Eiviiire 
 de Brig, Anticosti; on rocks along the Sto. Anne des Monts River, 
 Gaspd, Q. (Macoun.) Sto. Genevieve Island. Mingan Island, and Island 
 of Orleans, Q. (tSt. Cyr.) Madeline River, Gaspc^, Q. (Porter.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) Field near Fort Wellington, 
 Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Abundant in cedar swamps and wet mea- 
 dows thioughout central and northern Ontario, to Red Bay, Lake 
 Huron, and around Lake Superior, where it is chiefly the androgj-nous 
 form; to Lake Nipigon, at Livingstone Point, and to Thunder Bay, at 
 Port Arthur, and Fort William. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Loyie.) London ; Point aux Pins, Lake Erie; and Port Arthur, 
 Lake Superior ; Lake of the Woods. (Burgess.) Lake Mistassini, 
 
« 
 
 CATALOOrE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 13!) 
 
 N.E.T. ; Severn River, Keewatin. (./ M. Macoun.) Oba Lake, Ont. ; 
 Knee Lake and Nelson Rivei", Keewatin. (JS. Bell.) Lake of the 
 Woods; South Kootanie T>a8s, and north fork of Old Man River, Rocky 
 Mountains. (^Dawson.) Moo.se Mountain Creek, Assiniboia. (J. M. 
 Macoun.) Abundant on the prairie in wet spots from Winnipeg west- 
 ward to the Rocky Mountains, and northward to Peace River, lat. 58°; 
 in the foot-hills, and from Morley westward through the Jiocky Moun- 
 tains to Roger's Pass, in the Selkirk Mountains ; abundant in noi-thera 
 British Columbia, to Fort McLcod, lat. 55°; Somenos; andQualicum, 
 at Home Lake, Vancouver Island; rather I'are. (Macoun.) Lake 
 Winnipeg to Carleton House and the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Pelly River, lat. 63°, north of British Columbia. (Dawson.) 
 
 (2592.) C. albata, Bailey, in herb. 
 
 Prof. Bailey considers this the American representative of O.frigida, 
 Allioni. It is a most remarkable and distinct Carex, and can bo recog- 
 nized at once by its dai'k brown spikolets, and long, narrow, and spread- 
 ing perigynia. Spikelets usually four, nearly all staminato at the apex ; 
 scales brown, scarious-margined and blunt, and scarcely half as long as 
 the tapering porigynium which is toothed at the apex. The lowest 
 spikelet is generally long peduncled, and often four inches below the 
 next one above, the two upper ones are so close together that they 
 appear as one. (iathered in quantity on the borders of small ponds. 
 Mount Mark, Vancouver Island, alt. 2,500 feet, .luly 27th, 1887. 
 (JUacoun.) 
 
 (2593.) C. prasina, Wahl. Kiingl. Acad. Hmdl. XXIV., 161,(1802.) 
 C. miliaciii, Mnhl. (1806) ; Hook., Fl. 11., 210 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2022. 
 Growing in clumps in low wet places near springs in woods; lather 
 lare. In a ravine on Simon Toi-riU's Farm, Brighton, Northumber- 
 land Co., Ont. ; in thickets at Port Stanley, Klgin Co., Ont. (Macoun) 
 Lowgrounds, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Canada. {Hooker, F I.) 
 
 (2594.) C. debilis, Michx., M. I„ 172, (1803.) 
 
 C. tonus, Kud^'o, Linn., Trans. VII., 97, (1804.) 
 C.Jhxmm, Mulil. ; Pursb, Fl. I., 43, (1814.) 
 C. debilis, var. ,1-, Boott. 111. \)2. 
 
 Not uncommon in woods and thickets in Nova Scotia, at Truro ; on 
 McNabs Island at Halifax, and at Annapolis; also abundant in grassy 
 thickets at North Sydney, Cajjo Breton. {Macoun & Burgess.) Bass 
 i^iver, Kent Co., and Fiedei'icton , Cai-leton Co. ; common at Salmon 
 River, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Newfoundland. (Reeks.) 
 
140 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA, 
 
 (2595.) C. CEderi, Ret/,., Ehrh. Calam. Exaicc, No. 79; Hook., Fl. 
 II., 225, (1840.) 
 
 C.flava, Willd. ; Pursh, Fl. I.,41, (1814.) 
 
 a viridvla, Michx., Fl. I., 170, (1803.) 
 
 C.flava, var. Mescens, Wahl., Fl. Lapl., 234, (1812.) 
 
 In gravel on river and lake margins, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Common along the river at Yarmouth, and Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 On the sliore at Rothesay ; Carleton Co. ; and Tobique River, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Vicinity of Jupiter Elver, and at Ellis Bay, Anticosti. 
 {Macoun.) River margins at Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Near Fort 
 Wellington, Preseott, Ont. (Billings.) Shoreof Toronto Island, Lake 
 Ontario. (Millman.) West Ridcau Lake, Ont. (Porter.) Abundant 
 in moist sand, Presqu'ile Point, and Wellington Beach, Lake Ontario; 
 Gull River, at Balsam Rapids, and up to Minden, Victoria Co. ; Gull 
 Lake, Kennebec, Addington Co.; also at Owen Sound, Ont.; Sault 
 Ste. Mario, and around the east and north sides of Lake Superior, and 
 northward to Lake Nipigon, at Nipigon House. (Macoun.) North 
 shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz-) London; Saugeen, Lake Huron; 
 Pany Sound, Cioorgian Bay ; Point aux Pins, and Blenheim, Lake 
 Erie. (Burgess.) Rainy River and Lake. (Richardson.) Rupert River, 
 N.E.T. , and Severn River, Keewatin ; Hurricane Hills, west of Moose 
 Mountain, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoxm.) Abundant on the margins of 
 salt ponds, from Winnijjcg westward across the prairies to the Rocky 
 Mountains ; rather common in marshes and around springs, from Mor- 
 ley westward through the Rocky Mountains to Roger's Pass, in the 
 Selkirk Mountains; common on lake margins, at Cedar Hill, Nanaimo, 
 Qualicum, and Alberni, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) Niagara, Lake 
 Winnipeg, and Hudson Ba}'. (Hooker, Ft.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (259(3.) C. flava, Linn., Sp. PI. 975, (1753) ; Hook., Fl. IL, 225. 
 
 C lipidocarpa, Tausch, Flora, 179, (1834.) 
 
 C.flava, var. androgyna, Olney, Exsiec. III., 27, (1871.) 
 
 Not uncommon in wet meadows, and by river margins, from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) Pietou, Truro, and 
 Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Common in damp meadows, St. John, 
 and Bass River. N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Tobique River, N.B. (Hay.) 
 Jupiter River, Anticosti ; (androgynous form) ami in abundance in 
 meadows at Gaspd Basin, Q. {Macoun ) Madeline River, Gaspd, Q. 
 (Porter.) Pentecost River, Q. (St. Cyr.) Boaver meadows. Partridge 
 Lake, Grimsthorpe, North Hastings ; in great profusion in a meadow 
 near Foxboro, Hastings Co. ; one mile north of Colborne, Nortiium- 
 berland Co. ; boaver meadows, Lake Isaac, Bruce Peninsula ; marshy 
 place, moutii of Current River, Port Arthur, Lake Superior; Nipigon 
 
Ik- 
 
 CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 14t 
 
 House, Lake Nipigon, north of Lake Superioi-, (Macoun.) Swampy- 
 river flat, London, Ont. {Burgess. Millman.) LakoMistasbitii, N.E.T. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) Kather common on the margins of rivern and small 
 streams, from the Kananaskis westward through the Eocky Moun- 
 tains to the Columbia A''allcy, at Donald, B. C. (Macoun.) Lake 
 Winnipeg. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. rectoro Strata, Bailey, (incd.) 
 
 a Urbani, (?) Ba'ckeler, Englor's Bot. .lahrb. Vll., 280, (188G.) 
 
 Plant less yellow than the species. Spikes more scattered, the 
 lowest two or three inches from the next above, remote and usually 
 conspicuously stalked, beak short, stiaight or nearly so. (Bailey.) 
 This form seems to me to come between C.flava, and C. (Ederi, but is 
 unlike either. The specimens referred here agree in many resjjccts with 
 the description cf C Urbani, but as that species is based on immature 
 specimens, allowance must be made for inaccuracies. Our specimens 
 are in some cases one foot or more high, and in most cases the lower 
 spikelet is distant and compound. The plant approaciies C. Jlava 
 in general appearance, but the spikelets and perigynia are much 
 smaller, and the latter is not reflexcd at maturity. Nanairao, Gold- 
 stream, Shawnigan Lake, and Horno Lake near Qualicum, Vancouver 
 Island. Habitat is in wet gravel along rivei-s or lakes. (Macoun.) 
 Spence's Bridge, along the Thompson River, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.) 
 
 V. Spikelets unisexual, the xtpper male ; mostly single; the rest female 
 or sparingly androgynous. 
 
 '■'■• Stigmas II. 
 
 (259*7.) C. caespitosa, Linn., Fl. Suec. Ed. II., 333. 
 C. concolor, R. Br. Snppl. App. Parry's Voy., 218, (1823.) 
 a Pacifica, Drejer., Fl. Ex. llafn., 292. 
 a Drcjeri, Lang. Fl. Ratisb., 548. 
 
 Said by Bcoeckler to occur in British America. (Bailey.) New- 
 foundland. (Reeks.) Between JJepulse Bay and Cape Lady Peily, 
 Hudson Bay. (Dr. line.) Wet meadow, Nachacco River, British 
 Columbia. The specimens referred here are young, but they resemble 
 very closely C. ccespitosa of Europe. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. fllifolia, Boott. 111. 182. 
 
 C. apcrta, var. angustifolia, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 218, (1840.) 
 
 Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, lat. 67°. (Dr. Richardson.) 
 Cascade Mountains, lat. about 49°. (Dr. Lyall.) A stouter form. 
 (Bailey.) 
 
142 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 (2598.) C. vulgaris, Fries. Mant. III., 155, (1846.) 
 
 C. cxtpitosa, Good., Linn. Trans. IL, 195, (1792) ; Pursli, Fl. I., 3s, 
 C. Goodenoiii, Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2d. Sor.) XI., 191, (1838.) 
 C. limula, (?) Gray, Man. Ed. V., 582, (1868.) 
 v. dubilila, Sommers, Cat. Nov. Scotia Plants. 
 
 This sjiocios, in one form or another, crosses the continent from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific. Newfoundland. {R.Bell.) Abundant in wet 
 meadows at Truro, "Windsor, Yarmouth, Point Pleasant, and North 
 West Arm, Halifax, N.S. {Macoun Ik, Burgess.) Pictou, Co., N.S. 
 {McKay.) Halifax, N.S. {Sommers, Cat.) Bass River, Kent Co., 
 and Carleton Co., N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) St. Andrews, N.B. {Vroom.) 
 Boggy places, at South West Point, Anticosti; low meadows at Gaspd 
 Basin, and Riviere Pierre, Gaspd coast, CJ. {Macoun.) Mingan River, 
 Q. {St. Cyr.) Cacouna, St. Lawrence River. {Burgess.) Mecatina 
 River, Q. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Lake 
 Winnipeg. {Richardson.) North shore of Lake Superior. {Agassiz.) 
 In a wet prairie near McLeftd's Lake, B. C. {Macoun.) Alaska. 
 {Bailey.) Greenland. {Lange.) Sitka, and Kotzebuc Sound. {Rothr. 
 Alask.) 
 
 Var. Juncella, Fries, Summa, 230. 
 
 C. Kdlogi/ii, W. Boott,Bot. Calif. II., 240, (1880.) 
 
 Specimens referred hero by Mr. W. Boott, were collected at Yar- 
 mouth, at the railway bridge over the Weymouth, and at Windsor, 
 N.S. ; shores of Red Bay, Lake Huron. {Macoun.) Western summit 
 of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. {Dairson.) 
 
 Yar. hyperborea, Boott. 111. 167. 
 
 C. Bigdovii, Torn; Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 C. Washington'mna, Dew. Sill. Journ. X., 272, (1826.) 
 
 C. sumlilis, l)e\\.. Wood's Bot. Ed. I., 581, (1843.) 
 
 C. mxatiliifyar. Bigdovii, Torr. Cyp. 397, (1836.) 
 
 €. kypcrborea, Droj. Kevis. Crit. Car. 41, (1841.) 
 
 C. rigida, var. Bigelovii, Tuckorman, Enuin. Math. 19, (1843.) 
 
 C. dubitata, Dew., AVood's Bot. 755, (1861.) 
 
 C. rigida. Good. ; Hook., Fl. II., 217, in part, (1840.) 
 
 On the summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gasp^, alt. 
 4,000 feet. {Macoun.) Lower St. Lawrence, Q. {Pringle.) Nain, 
 and Ford's Harbor, coast of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh, and Eskimo 
 Village of Hyla, Hudson Sti-ait. {R. Bell.) Labrador, and arctic 
 coast. {Hooker, Fl.) Northern California to Alaska. {Bailey.) Green- 
 land. {Lange.) Kotzebue Sound, and Norton Sound. {Rothr. Alask.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 U3 
 
 Var. alpina, Boott. 111. 1G7. 
 
 C. rigida, Good.; Hook., Fl. II., 217, in part, (1S40.) 
 Mountains of Colorado to Alaska. (Bailey.) Mountains near Mc 
 Leoi's Lake, lat. 55°, ni)rthorn British Columbia. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2509.) C. decidua, Boott, Linn. Trans. XX., 119, (1845.) 
 C. A ndergoni, Boott, Hook., VI. Antarct. II., 3G4. 
 Ounalashka, 1885. Gathered by Mr. S. Applegate, Signal Observer 
 at that station, and determined by Prof. Bailey. A few specimens of 
 a Carer akin to this were gathered at Roger's Pass, Selkirk Mountains, 
 in the summer of 1885. They agree with Prof. Bailey's remark on 
 page 81 of his synopsis, in having the " scales and perigynia deciduous ; 
 ])erigynium conspicuously stipulate and strongly nerved." It may be 
 a form of C. vulgaris, but we have not material enough to determine. 
 
 (2600.) C. invisa, Bailey, Carex, Syn. No. 68, (1886.) 
 C. podocai'jm, AV. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 245, (1880.) 
 On the summits of the higher Rocky Mountains, at Kicking Horse 
 Lake and westward to Roger's Pass, Selkirk Mountains; abundant on 
 the summit of Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, alt. 5,500 feet. 
 (3Iacoun.) 
 
 (2601.) C. Jamesii, Torrey, Cyp., 398, (1836.) 
 C. compacta, Hook., Fl. II., 220, (1840.) 
 South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, lat. 49". (Dawson.) Rocky 
 Mountains. (^Hooker, FL) Rather common in wet places from Morley 
 westward through the Rocky Mountains to Roger's Pass, in the Sel- 
 kirk Mountains, B.C. (Macouri.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C., alt. 6,000 
 feet. (Bovmian.) 
 
 (2602.) C. aquatiliS, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 165, 
 
 (1802.) 
 Common in wet meadows and ditches from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacitic and northward. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) In ditches at Ti-uro. 
 Halifax, and Windsor, N.S, (Macoun.) Kent, and St. John Co's., and 
 Harris Cove, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Salt Lake, and Becscio River, 
 Anticosti ; mouths of all rivers on the Gaspi? coast, and at Mont Louis 
 and Grand Etang, Q. (Macoun.) Jacques Cartier River, Quebec Co., 
 Q. (St.Cyr.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl.Ott.) Abundant in 
 marshes along the Bay of Quinte, and westward throughout Ontario to 
 Lake Huron, and north-westerly around Lake Superior to Thunder 
 Bay, at Port Arthur. (Macotm.) Island east of Mississaugi Point, 
 Lake Huron ; Nelson River, and Yark Factory, Hudson Bay. {R. Bell.) 
 
 <7!t\ 
 
144 
 
 OEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 i ■ 
 
 Lake Mistassiiii, N.K.T. ; Charlton Island, "The Twims," and Fort 
 George, James Bay; Severn River, Keewatin ; Muskeg Island, Lake 
 Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Lakes Supeiior and Huron; Fort Simpson, 
 Fort Chipweyan, and Methy Portage. (Richardson.) Wet prairies at 
 Emerson, Man. (Burgess.) Extremely abundant over the whole prairie 
 i-egion, on the borders of ponds and in marshes, extending north- 
 westerly to Peace Eivor, in lat. 58'; rather common in the Rocky 
 Mountains, from Calgai-y, on Bow liiver, to lioger's Puss, in the Sel- 
 kirk Mountains, B.C. ; common in northern British Columbia, extend- 
 ing far northward ; rather rare on Vancouver Island ; only observed at 
 Lost Lake, near Cedar Hill. (Macoun.) Canada to Mackenzie River ; 
 Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound. 
 (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 Var. epigeios, L-fst. Vet. Ac. Ilandl., 339, (1822.) 
 
 a statig, Drej. RevLs. Crit. Car. 40, (1841.) 
 
 C. aquutilii, var minnr, Boott, 111. 1C3. 
 From Colorado to the Arctic coast. (Bailey.) Arctic sea-coast. 
 (Richardson.) In meadows at the nouth of Madeline River, Gaspd 
 coast, Q. ; in ditches near Windsor, N. S. Evidently approaching 
 C, stricta, but neither young nor old sheaths reticulated ; another 
 form named C. borealis by Olnoy, was gathered along the shore of 
 Lake Superior, at Thunder Ba}', in 1869, This specimen seems to 
 approach C. vulgaris viw. juncella. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2G03.) C. Stricta, Lamarck, Diet. I)e. Bot. III., 387, (1789.) 
 C. acuta, Pursli, Fl. I., 38, (1814.) 
 
 C.cm(/M.s<((<a, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 218, (1840.) i 
 
 a strictior, Dow., Wood's CI. Book, Too, (1861.) 
 C. Virginiana, var. lionyatu, Ba'ckeler, Llnnsea, XL., 432, (1875.) 
 
 Common in ditches; growing in thick clumps, especially in the 
 eastern provinces. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) Halifax, N.S. (Sonuners, 
 Cat.) Common in boggy meadows at Xorth Sydney, and Lwuisburg, 
 Cape Breton ; abundant in ditches and bogs at Point Pleasant, Halifax, 
 and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Glenelg, Guysboro Co., N.S. (Fari- 
 bault.) Richibucto, Kent Co. ; Fredericton, Norton, and Salmon River, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Becscie River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Vicinity 
 of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common around Prescott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Common in marshy 
 meadows near Belleville, and atTi-enton, and Owen Sound, Ont.; near 
 Lake Ellen, Nipigon River, and along the Kaministiqua, west of Port 
 Arthur. (Macoun.) West of Grand Island marsh, Georgian Bay. 
 (R, Bell.) Wet river bank, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Port Colborne, 
 Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PI-ANTS. 
 
 145 
 
 A remarkable form of this species grows at Cam|)bellfor(l, Northum- 
 beriaiul Co., Ont. As usual, it grows in largo clumps about throe feet 
 high, but instead of the spikes being sessile, they are podiincled, or 
 have scattered perigynia for nearly half their letigtb, which is often 
 from three to four inches. The sheaths are scarcely fibriloso, and 
 many of the perigynia are abortive. I conclude from these characters 
 that it is a hybrid between C. aquatilis and C. strirta. 
 
 the 
 imers, 
 burg, 
 ifax, 
 Fari- 
 livor, 
 inity 
 Ont. 
 arshy 
 near 
 Port 
 Bay. 
 »orne, 
 
 Var. decora. Bailey, Coult. Rot. Gaz. XIU., 85. 
 C. uperta, Carey, Gray, Man. Ed. V'., 582, (1808.) 
 
 Usually smaller and more slender than the species, the basal sheaths 
 not tibrilose; spikes short (seldom over an inch long), sessile or nearly 
 so, very rarely attenuated at the base, spreading; bracts usually con- 
 spicuously spreading ; scales very sharp, spreading, longer than the 
 perigynia. (Bailey.) A very obscure species and evidently not the 
 one figured by Boott. I agree with Prof Bailey in doubting the 
 accuracy of the eastern C. aperta. My specimens, though named by 
 Dewey anl Olney, arpear to be (7. siricta, var, strictior, Carey; Gray, 
 Man.V. 583, (18(!8.) (ilfaeown.) Near Richibucto, Kent Co. ; and rather 
 common at Salmon Eivor, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Tobique River, N.B. 
 (Hay.) Mer Bleue, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Border of a 
 little lake one mile north of Hooper's Lake, Tudor, North Hastings, 
 Ont. • tifteen miles up the Kaministiqua, west of Port Arthur, Lake 
 Superior. (Macoim.) Wet river bank, London, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 Specimens collected on the Nachacco River, in northern British Colum- 
 bia in 1875, are referred hero. I doubt their identity with the eastern 
 specimei\s, but they are placed here for the present. 
 
 (2G04.) C. lenticularis, Mich.x., Fl. I., 172, (1803); Hook., Fl. 
 
 II., 219. 
 
 Abundant in the beds of rivers, growing in the crevices of rocks in 
 
 large tufts. Chiefly found in northern Ontario, and north-eastward. 
 
 Coast of Labrador, hit. 51" 30'. (Allen.) Llass River, Kent Co.; not 
 
 rare at Salmon River; St. Stephen, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Amongst 
 
 rocks Sto. Anne des Monts River, Gasp^, Q. ; on wet rocks in rear of 
 
 the old saw-mill, Marmora village, Hastings Co. ; shore of Gull Lake, 
 
 Barrie Addingtcm Co.; abundant from Balsam Lake, the whole length 
 
 of Gull River, Victoria Co.; very abundant all around Lake Superior, 
 
 and north up Nipigon River to the Lake. (Macoun.) Shallow water, 
 
 Port Cockburn, Lake Joseph, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Bunjess.) Michi- 
 
 picotin River, Ont. (B. Bell.) Lake Mistassini, N. K T, ; Severn 
 
 10 
 
146 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OK CANADA. 
 
 liivor, Keowiitin. {J. M. Macoun.) Saskatchowan, and north ward to 
 Boar Luke. (Bailey.) Canada to Mackonzio Eiver. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 ]\Iothy Portage. {Richardson.) 
 
 <2(J05.) C. acuta, Linn., Sp. PI., 1388, (1757.) 
 
 C. aperta, var, divaricata, Bailey, Bot. Gaz. IX., 119, in part, (1884.) 
 Wo have few specimens which we can refer here, but place them 
 mostly under the variety which follows. Sitka. (Rothr. Alaslc) Lewes 
 River, lat. G2°, N.W.T. (Dawson.) 
 
 Var. prolixa, Ilornem. Plantel. Ed. IV. 
 
 C.prolixa, Fries. Mant. III., 150, (1835.) 
 a apirta, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 218, (1840.) 
 
 Vei'y abimdant in low grounds, ])roducing very good hay in numerous 
 places, especially at Cedar Hill, and Nanaimo. Specimens were col- 
 lected at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, Shawnigan Lake, Qualicum, Mount 
 Arrowsmith, and Sproat Lake, on the west coast of Vancouver Island. 
 (^Macoun.) In meadows at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2606.) C. GLAtroA, Scopoli, Fl. Germ. 455. 
 
 Introduced on dry clay banks of the railway cutting just outside of 
 Windsor, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) On the border of a meadow, in 
 poor soil, London, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 (2607.) C. torta, Boott ; Tuckerman, Enum. Meth. (1843.) 
 C torta, var. comjioMta, Porter. 
 Borders of streams and in wet meadows in the maritime provinces. 
 Halifax, N.S. (Sominers, Cat.) Along a small stream at Truro, X.S. 
 (Macoun & Burgess.) Salmon Creek, and Gaspereaux River; Petitco- 
 diac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 
 (2608.) C. salina, Wahl., Fl. Lapp. 246, (1812.) 
 
 C. cmpidatu, Wahl. Kiiiigl. Acad. Haiidl. XXIV.. 1G4, (1802.) 
 C. striata, Hook. ,t- Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voy., 131, (1834.) 
 a recta, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 220, (1840.) 
 C. hxmutoleph, Drej. Eevis. Crit. Car. 44, (1841.) 
 
 Very abundant in salt marshes in almost every part of Nova Scotia 
 and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) 
 Coast of Labrador and about Hudson Bay. (Bailey.) Louisburg, and 
 North Sydney, Cape Breton ; Truro, Annapolis, Yarmouth and Halifax, 
 N.S. (Macoun,) Salt marsh at Molus Bay, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler, 
 'Cat.) Salt Lake and English Bay, Anticosti ; Cape Rosier, Fox River, 
 
CATAI-nnUE op CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 147 
 
 Grand Htang and Madcliiu' River, Gaspd coast, Q. (Macoun.) Mouth 
 <«fSa;^iionay River, Q. (Primjle.) Oiiatchochou, Q. (St.C'yr.) Hud- 
 son Bay, Librador, and Kotzehue Sound. (Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 Var. mutica, Wuhl. Fl. Lupp. 246, (1812. ' 
 
 C. hmceaiit, Dow. Sill. .lonrn. XXIX., 240, (1,S3G.) 
 C. Tcducla, Drcj. Itovis. Cril.f'ar. 4(;, (1«4].) 
 C, salinu, var. mbior, I5oott, 111. 100, in part. 
 C. salhia, var. i., Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 219, (1840.) 
 Cumberland House, on tlie SasUatchowan, and Hudson Bay. 
 {Hooker, F I.) Coast of Greenland. (Lanje.) 
 
 Var. ? robusta, Bailey, Coult. Bot. Gaz. XEII., 87. 
 
 Taller and coanser than the (species (two to three feet liigli), the 
 culm spongy at tlio base; leaves soft; bracts very leafy, surpassing 
 the culm ; spikes heav}-, sliort and tliick (usuiiUy an inch or less long, 
 and nearly half an inch tiiick), mostly dense and truncate at the base, 
 somewhat aggregated, the lower short stalked; scales ranging from 
 lanceolate and acute to ovate and ..btuse, brown with a while mid- 
 nerve, longer than the thinner nerveless perigynium. All the jiori- 
 gynia are empty. {Bailey.) The specimens wore growing in largo 
 patches between tides in the be 1 of Qualicum River, Vancouver Island 
 Thej' were generally covered with water to the height of a foot or more 
 at high tiile. I cannot believe that this is a foi-m of C. salina, as it is 
 quite distinct from that species in general appearance, but leave it 
 with Prof. Bailey to .settle it. Collected July 29, 1887. {Macoun.) 
 
 Since the above was in t^-pe, 1 have received further info.-mation 
 I'egardiiig this form from Mr. Arthur Benncti, F.L.S., Cro^-den. Eng- 
 land. The specimens sent to him were forwarded to Kew, jind were 
 examined by Mr. C. B. Clarke, who could not match them in Kew 
 herbarium, but suggested C. putia. Good., as a possibility. Later 
 examinations seem to convince Mr. Clarke that this In C. jihysocarpa, 
 Pre.sl, Reliq. Ua?nk. I., 205. Mr. Bennett thinks, on the other hand, 
 that if Kunth represents correctly Prosl's plant, he cannot agree with 
 him, and say.s, "if this is not C. physocarpa, then it is a new 
 species so far as we have material at Kew to go upon, for which I ])ro- 
 pose the name C. Macounii (non Dewey Sill. Journ.) characterized by 
 its extremely (almost wanting) short beak to the perigynia with a 
 smaller base, semi-inflated nerved fruits much' shorter than the 
 glumes." 
 
 (2609.) C. ambusta, Boott. III. 64. 
 
 C salina, var. avihwki, Bailey, Car3x, Cat. (1S84.) 
 Ungava Bay, North Labrador; no.them British Colu nbla ; Sitka, 
 
148 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OK CANADA. 
 
 and Ounalabhka. (Bailey, Carex, Syii., 88.) Francis Eivor, lat. 61° ; 
 Polly Rivor, lat. 62° ; Lewos Kivor, lat. 62', N.W.T. (Dawson.) 
 
 (2610.) C. subspathacea, Woim^kjoki, Fl. Ban. L\., 4, (1818.) 
 C. Jloppncri, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., '210, (1840.) 
 C. mlimi, var. Kubujnithdcea, Tuckorman, Enum. Meth. 12, (1843.) 
 C. salina, var. minor, Boott, 111. 100, in part. 
 
 Cumberland llou^o and Hudson Bay. (Hooker, Fl.) Salt marsh, 
 near Capo Rosioi-, Gaspo, 1861. (J. Bell.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (2611.) C. cryptocarpa, C. A. Meyer, Mom. Acad. St. Petorsb. T., 
 226, (1831.) 
 
 C. Scoulcn, Terr. Cyp. 399, (1836) 
 C.Jilipi-ndula, Drej. lievis. Crit. Car. 40, (1841.) 
 a mlina, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 219, in part, (1840.) 
 
 Salt marshes at Cape Rosier, and Fox River, Gasp^ coast. Collected 
 in 1882. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands; and at Lake Karmutzcn, 
 Vancouver Island. (Dnicson.) Xear Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) Abundant at Oak Baj-, near Victoria, at the mouth of 
 Nanaimo River, in marshes at Qualicum, and on the west coast of 
 Vancouver Island, at Alberni; also by a lake near Fort St. James, 
 northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Clomincitty Harbor, and 
 Sitka. (Hcoker, Fl.) Ounalashka, Sitka, and Kotzobue Sound. (Rothr. 
 Alask.) Along Burrard Inlet, at Vancouver city, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 Alaska. (Meehan.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (2612.) C. SItchensIS, Froscott, (1831); Hook., Fl. II., 220. 
 
 A very fine and rcniai'kably distinct species, growin;:i; in profusion 
 on many parts of the Pacific coast. Along the Fraser River, at Lad- 
 ner's Landing, B C. (Fletcher.) Marshes near Alert Bay, Vancouver 
 Island. (Dawson.) In meadows and by lakes and stieams; common 
 at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, Soraenos, Shawnigan Lake, Nanaimo, 
 Qualicum, Ilorne Lake, and Alberni, on the west coast of Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Pugot Sound, and Sitka. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2613.) C. Barbarse, Dew. Bot. .Mox. Bound. 231, (185S.) 
 a Schotlh, Dew. Bot. Max. Bound. 231, (1858.) 
 C. I'nKmttkina, Olno.y, Bot. King's Exp. V., 3C9, (1871.) 
 
 Wet ground near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Abun- 
 dant in wet meadows by lakes and niarslies, at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, 
 Chemainus, Nanaimo, Qualicum, and Alberni, Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Shores of Burrard Inlet, Vancouver city, B.C. (Prof. 
 Fowler.) Port Etches, Alaska. (Barclay.) 
 
CATALOdUE OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 149 
 
 •(2G14.) C. maritima, .MUlIor, Fl. Dan. t. 71»3; lIooU,, Fl. II., 219. 
 C.paUurra, Walil. Kiiiij?!. Acad. llaiuU, XXIV., 104, (1802.) 
 Suit marrthos around tho coasts of (ho maritinio proviuLos. Newfound- 
 land. (Reeks.) Annapolis, N.S. (niinjas.) Marshes at Truro, N.S ; 
 Salt Lake, Kills Bay, and Rivicro dc Brig, Anticosti ; (iasjxj Basin, and 
 Fox Rivor, (iaspc coast, (}. (Macoun.) Bridgetown, N.S. (Prof. 
 Fowler.) Salt marshes, Molus Jiivor.and Lancaster, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Rupert House, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) Hudson Bay. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Tcmiscouata, St. Lawrence River. (Pringle.) Couctatchou-Manicoun- 
 gan, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 
 (2()15.) C. crinita, Lamarck, Diet, do Bot. III., 393, (1789); Pursh, 
 Fl. L, 38, (18U); Hook., Fl. II., 219, (1840.) 
 
 V. crinitdyMu. intlcacnt, Dow. Sill. .lourn. X., 270, (lS-_'(].) 
 C. MilchellUmii, ^\. A. Curtis, Sill. Journ. XLIV., 84, (184,'] ) 
 C. criniUt,\i\.T. mhior, Boott, 111. 18. 
 C.pmilidu, Soiinners, Cut. Nov. Scotia Plants. 
 
 Rather uncommon in low meadows and iiy streams, growing in 
 clumps. Brigus, and Top.saii, Newfoundland. (R, Hell.) Pictou, N.S. 
 (McKay.) Near Bedford, N.S. (Somvierii,Cat.) By brooks at Truro, and 
 Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Alonii; rills and brooks, at Koudiibouguac, 
 and Norton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Sauveur, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common at Proscott, Ont. 
 (P-illinys.) Abundant in moist places by brooks, Argonteuil Co., Q. 
 (D' Urban.) St. Andrews, Montreal. (McG ill Coll. Herb.) Richelieu 
 Swamp, il. (C. F. McCrea.) Tadousuc, Sugucnay River, Q. (A. T. 
 Drummond.) Rather common in central Ontario, in largo tufts at 
 Cannitfton, Hastings Co., Ont. (3facoun.) Near Hamilton, Ont. (Lojie.) 
 Low grounds, London, Ont. (Bunjess. Millman.) Canada to Norway 
 House. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. gynandra, Schwein. & Torr., Mon. SCO, (1824.) 
 C gynandra, Sclnvoinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 Apparently confined to tho eastern provinces. Campbellton, N.B. 
 (Chahners.) Tobique Rivor, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) (irand Vallee, GaspcS 
 coast, Q. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2616.) C. podocarpa, R. Brown, App. Frank). Narr., Ed. II., 36 ; 
 Hook., Fl. II., 224. 
 
 C. viacrochiuta, C. A. Meyer, (1830); Hook., Fl. II., 219. 
 C. speclabilis, Dew. Sill. Journ. XXIX., 248, (1830.) 
 
 A very remarkable species and easily distinguished by tho long 
 thread-like awns of the scales. Mountains of British America to Alaska. 
 
151) 
 
 • lEOLOaiCAL. SirRVEY OK CANADA, 
 
 i ' 
 
 (Bailey.) Stikiiio Kiver. (Cowleij.) Lowos Rivor, hit. 02", N.W.T. 
 (Dawson.) Port Ktchos, AliihUii. (liarclaij.) SilUa, and RofUy Moiin- 
 tJiins. {Hooker, Ft.) OmialiiHlika, and Sitkn. (liothr. Alask.) 
 
 * =1= Stigmas III. 
 
 t Prritjyniuni Leakkss or short-beaked, the orifice entire, emaryinate, or 
 bidentate. 
 
 X Pcrii/ynium smooth. 
 
 (2617.) C. Magellanloa, LamaiTk, Diet, do Bot. Ill , 385, (178f).) 
 
 C. irrirjtui, Smith ; Hook., VI. H., 224, (1840) 
 
 a lim'>.'i(i,\iir. IrHi/wt, Wahl. Kun«l. Acad. Ilandl. XXIV, lf)2, (18n:{.) 
 
 Climomi, Viir. irmjiui, Wahl. l'"l. I<ap. 24li, (1812.) 
 
 V.punpercuht, Michx, Fl. I., 172, (l.S(»;!.) 
 
 ('. Iinlindarh, Dow. Sill, .h.nrii. VII., 27:'., (lH2;i) 
 In poat bogs, Nowfoundland. {La Pytaie.) Lalirador. {McGill Colt, 
 Herb.) Ill poat bogs noar Point Pleasant, and at tho head ot tho 
 North West Arm, Halifax, N.S. ; bog noar North Sydney Mine, Capo 
 Breton. {Macoun k. Jhtnjess.) Poat bogs, Kent Co.; Lily Lake, N.I5. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Nepisii(iiit Lake, N.B. {Hay.) Salt Lake, Kllis and 
 Knglish bays, Anlicosti ; Mount Albert, (iaspc?, (J. {Mo.coun.) Thun- 
 der River, Ij. {St. Cyr.) All peat bogs noai" Ottawa; not common. 
 {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Swamp near Hock's Mills, Prescott, Ont. {IhlUnys.) 
 Common in bogs throughout central Ontario, and westward to Rod 
 Bay, Lake Huron; and north-westerly to Mifdiipicotin, and Rod Rock, 
 and around Port Arthur, Lake Superior. {Macoun.) l^ogs, London, 
 Ont. {Buryess. Millwan.) Cranberry marsh. Port Colborno, Lake Krie. 
 {McGill Coll. Herb.) Lake Mistassini, N.K.T. {J. M. Macoun.) Swamps 
 on ^[ount Mark, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) Norway IIouso, Lake 
 Winnipeg. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2(318.) C. rariflora, Smith, F^ngl. Rot. t. 251(5; Hook., Fl. 11., 224. 
 C. Ihnosu, var. nmjlora, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 162, (IHOIJ.) 
 Salt Lake, Anticosti, in a jieat bog, 188;i. {Macoun.) Ouatchechou, 
 Q. {St. Cyr.) South Twin Island, James Bay. (./. M. Miifoun. 
 Labrador. {Miss P.rodie vide, McGill Coll. Herb.) Labradni- ( ill 
 Storer.) Lake Mistassini; Fort Franklin, Mackenzie Rivi 
 {Hooker, Ft.) (Jreenland. {Lauye.) 
 
 (2G19.) C. limosa, Linn. Sp. PI. 977, (1753) ; Hook., Fl. II., 221. 
 
 ('. lo.m, Dew. Sill. .lourn. XXVL, 37(1, (1834.) 
 
 C Hmo/^(i, var. PaiJit/, Dew. Sill. Journ. (2dSer.) XXIX., 71. 
 
 Peat bogs, fi'om the Atlantic to the Pacific, e.^pocially northwards 
 
CATALOOl-E UK CANAIUAN I'1<ANTS. 
 
 I'll 
 
 « 
 
 In tho ''Old Mont" ut Loiiisbur^, (.'apo Hroton : in lio^s at tlio houd of 
 North WcrtI Arm, Halifax, N.S, (Maniuii.) Poat l)()>,'s, Kifhilmi-to, 
 BiiHs Itivor. N. n. (Fowler, Cat.) Kendm-k'a Luko, N. »., 1882. 
 (Vroom.) Mincoii FHlaiid, N. H. (lliii/.) Trout Luko, (Jliarlotto ('o. ; 
 Porta^'O Lake, Wortlrnorolatid Co., N.Ii. (Brittain.) Salt liuko, Anti- 
 coMti; .\[oiiiit AlI)orl, Shicksiiock MountiiiiiM, (laNpi'', (^. {Maronn.') 
 Bo^H, noiir Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Pont boa;, (ivo milos north of 
 Colboriic, Northutnborliind Co.; inarHh, Rod Hay, Lako Huron; and 
 marwh at Red Rock, Liiko Suporioi-; al.so at llut nioittli of tho Kaminis- 
 tiqua, iioar Port Arthur, Thutidor May. (Macoiin.) Mo-sy ho<r, Lon- 
 don, Ont. (liunjess, Millmnn.) Murnh at Port Colborno. (Alcdill 
 Colt. Herb.) Moo.so Factory, .lamcn Hay. (Cottar k Dr. Ilayden.) 
 Hudson Hay, near Kort Severn. (J. M. Macoiin.) Not uncommon in 
 poat hogH and niarHJio.s, from tho Kanana.ski.s westward tliroii<,'h tho 
 Rocky Mountains to Roger's Pass, in tho Selkirk Mountains, B.C. ; 
 bogs near McLood's Lake, H.C., lat. 5.')°. (Macoiin.) Rocky Mountains; 
 Sitka, and North West coast. (Hooker, Ft.) Sitka. ( h'otlir. Alas/;.) 
 
 Var. Stygia, Huiloy, Carex, Syn. !)5, (IHSti.) 
 
 v. "hii/iii, Friti.s. Mant. III., 141. 
 
 C. rarijlora, Kotlirock, i'l. .Ma.sl<. 457. (?) 
 
 Spikes mostly thicker and more drooping than in the s|»ocies; sculot* 
 very black, longer pointed. Alaska and Sluiniagan Island. (lUiilcy.) 
 Ounalnshka, and Hay of Schisclunarotf. (liotlir. .Mask.) We place 
 hero tho C. riin'flont ofJiothrock in hall's Alaska. 
 
 (2G20.) C. Raynoldsii, Dow. Sill. Journ. XXXIL. :{!), (1837.) 
 C. Lijdlln, Jioott, III. loO, t. 4S;i. 
 Mountains of Montana, and Wasiiington territory, (^liailoj.) Will 
 likely bo found north of lat. 49', B.C. 
 
 (2G21.) C. Stylosa, C. A. Moyer, Act. Acad. St. Potorsb. I., 222, 
 (1831.) 
 
 (J. ni(jritiHa, Drejer. Kevis. Crit. Car. Si", (1H41.) 
 (;. I'lm-i/iiiia, Hook., Tl. II., L'Ki, in part, (1.S40.) 
 
 Fox Ilarboi", Labrador. (Allen.) Sitk.'i, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. 
 Alask.) Greenland. (Laiuje.) 
 
 (2G22.) C. Tolmiei, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 221, (1810.) 
 a rulgaris, Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 407, (1S72.) 
 S<^Mili Kootunio Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Daicson.) The specimens 
 refc hI here are identical with tho.so of Suksdorf, gathorod on Mount 
 A-1 s Washington Territory, 1883. 
 
l« V'i 
 
 II! 
 
 -i« 
 
 152 
 
 GEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 (2623.) C. livida, Willd. Sp. PI. IV., 285, (1805) ; Hook., Fl. II., 224. 
 C. limom, var. livida, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 102, (1802.) 
 a Oayann, Dew. Sill. .Tourn. XXV., 141, (1S34.) 
 C. livida, var. radicalis, Paine, Cat, Oneida Co. Plants. 
 
 Poat bog at Louisburg, Cape Brotv> i. (Macoun & Burgess.) Bogs, 
 Suit Lake, Anticosti ; in a beavoi- meadow, Huntingdon, Hastings Co. ; 
 Kiladar, Addington Co. ; marsh. Chicken Bay, Lake Huron ; in a 
 marsh at Moi-loj', Eocky Mountains ; in marshes along Beaver Creek, 
 near Roger's Pass, SolUirk Mountains. (Macoun.) Hudson Bay to 
 Cumberland House and Fort Carlcton, and thence to the Rocky Moun- 
 tains ; Sitka, and North West coast. (Hooker, Fl.) Labi-ador, and 
 Lake Superior, and high northward. (Bailey.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 Arctic seacoast. (Richardson.) 
 
 (2624.) C. PANICEA, Linn. Sp. PI. 077, (1753.) 
 
 Wet meadows, Bass River, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) In mea- 
 dows, two miles from Windsor, N.S. ; along the " pipe line" for the 
 water supply ; also in marshy meadows around the ruins of Louisburg, 
 Capo Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.) As in both cases the spouies was 
 found in cultivated ground, wo consider it introduced. Tl e dark 
 purple (Louisburg) or purple margined (Windsor) scale, distiL^".ish 
 it from every form of the next. 
 
 (2625.) C. tetanica, Schkuhr. Rieilgr. Nachtr, 08, (1806) ; Pursh, 
 Fl. I., 43. 
 
 C. rcfracta, Willd. Sp. PI. IV., 207, in part, (1805.) 
 C Woodii, Dew. Sill. Journ. II., 487, (1846.) 
 C.panicea, var. klanica, Olney, Exsicc. I., 23, (1870.) 
 C. panicca, var. Woodii, Olnoy, Exsicc. II., 27, (1871.) 
 C.panicea, var. Bc'ihii, Olney, Ex.sicc. I., 22, (1870.) 
 C. Meadii, var. Bebbii, Arthur, Contr. Fl. Iowa, VI. 
 
 Culm slender; leaves narrow, green ; spikes pale, mostly greenish, 
 mostly thin and loosely flowered, attenuated below. (^BaUeij.) Spar- 
 i.^gly in a meadow east of Belleville, Out.; abundant in Manitoba 
 and westward; especially common in low meadows east of Brandon. 
 {Macoun.) 
 
 (2626.) C. Meadii, Dew. Sill. Journ. XLTIL, 90,(1842.) 
 
 C. ;ja?i(tva,var. Meadii, Olney, Exsicc. I.. 24. (1870.) 
 C. panicea, var. Cunhiji, Olney, Exsicc. 11., 24, (1871.) 
 C. tetanica, var. Meadii, Bailey, Carex, Syn. 118, (1886.) 
 Our specimens of this species are so dirtorent from tliose of C. t 'tanica 
 
 that we consider them speoitically distinct. File Hills, and Qu'A])pelle 
 
 Valley, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) 
 
 
catalooi:e of Canadian plants. 
 
 153 
 
 (2C27.) C. vaglnata, Tausch. Bot. Zeit. 557, (1821.) 
 
 C.panicen, van ."pamijlora, AValil. Fl. Lapp. 2.%, (1812.) 
 
 C. phxostachya, Smith; Hook., Fl. II., 22(), (1840.) 
 
 C. uparsijlora, Steud. Noin, Bot. 20(5, (1840.) 
 
 C. vagimUa, var. nltocutUin, Dew. Sill. Journ. 
 
 C. panicea, var. rejackt, Olney, Exaicc. I., 24, (1870.) 
 Northern Labrador. (Turner.) Swampy wood, Salt, Lake, Anti- 
 costi; Mount Albert, Shii-kshock Mountains, Gaspd, Q. (Macoun.) 
 Harbor Island, Mingan, Q. (*Si^ ^^y-) l?ecollet Swamp, Montreal. 
 (C. F. McCrea.) Abundant in cedar swamps at Belleville, and west- 
 ward throughout northern and north-westerly Oiitai-io ; around Luke 
 Superior and northerly to Lake Nipigon, and westerly to Point du 
 Chcin, Man. {Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, X.H.T. {J. M. Macoun.) 
 In spruce and other swamps, from 3Ioi-Icy westward through the 
 Rocky Mountains to Donald, in the Columbia Vallo}'; in swamps 
 throughout northern British Columbia, 1875. {Macoun.) Fort Nor- 
 man, Mackenzie River; Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2628.) C. granularis, Muhl. (180(j); Hook., Fl. tl., 22(J. 
 
 C chldlaros, Stand. Cypor. Plant, 231, (1855.) 
 
 a Halana, Olnoy, Exsicc. III., 14, (1871.) 
 Abundant in wet meadows in Ontario; wet grounds, Bass River, 
 Kent Co. ; college grounds, Fi-cdoricton ; and Sussex, N.B. {Fowler, 
 Cat.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Every where common 
 around Prescott, Ont. {BiUimjs.) Very abundant in low wet mea- 
 dows and thickets throughout central Ontario; meadows, Owen Sound ; 
 along the Kaministiqua, at Fort AVilliani, and twenty miles up that 
 stream; Blackwater River, Lake Nipigon. {Macoun.) Swamp, Lon- 
 don, Ont. {Bunjess. Millman.) Damp prairies, from Winnijtog west 
 to Brandon, Man. (Macoun.) Quebec. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2629.) C. Crawei, Dow.; Torr. llot. X. York IL, 408, (1843.) 
 C. hcterostacliija, Torr. Sill, Journ. (2cl. Son) II., 248, (184ti.) 
 C, Crawd, var. heterosturliija, Dew. Sill. .Tourn. (2d. Sen) XLII., 4, (1866.) 
 Wet gravel. South West Point, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Shore of St. 
 Lawrence, Montreal. (C. F. MiCrea.) Field near Fort Wellington, 
 Prescott, Ont. (Billmjs.) Wet gravel, Massassaga Point, near Belle- 
 ville, Ont. ; on wet sand, Pres(iu'ile Point, Lake Ontario ; on wet sand 
 at Owen S jund, an I in mai-shy ground, Ro'l Bay, Lake Huron; wet 
 gravel, Assiniboine Rapids, east of Brandon, Man. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2630.) C. Torreyl, 'Tuckerman, Enuni. Meth. 21, (1843.) 
 C. palU^cois, Hooix., Fl. II., 226, (1S40.) 
 C. ubbreviala, Boott, Linn. Trans. XX., 141, (1845) 
 Abundant in many parts of western Manitoba, growing in clumps. 
 
j 
 
 I 
 
 154 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 jind having the general appearance of C. pallescens, but easily distin- 
 guished by its strongly nerved perigynium. Specimens from Portage 
 la Prairie, Totogan, Grand Valley, Brandon, and File Hills, Man. 
 (Macoun.) Souris River, and Turtle Mountain, Man. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 Carleton House, on the Saskatchewan. {Booker, Fl ) 
 
 (2G31.) C. pallescens, Linn. Sp. PI. 977, (1753.) 
 
 C. imdulnta, Kunze, Suppl. Riedgr. 23. 
 a C. pallcsccm, var. undiduta, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 587, (1868.) 
 
 Quite common in damp meadows at Truro, Halifax, and Annapolis, 
 N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Pictou Co., N.S. (McKay.) Basts River, 
 Kent Co.; Aroostook Falls, and Carleton Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.} 
 Dalliousie, N.B. ; and Ottawa, Ont. (Fletcher.) Meadows, Gasp^ Basin, 
 Gasp^ Co., Q. ; very abundant in meadows in the rear of St. Mary'a 
 Village, Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun) 
 
 (2632.) C. conoldea, Schkuhr. Riedgr., Nachtr. 67, (180G); Pursh, 
 Fl. I., 43, (1811); Hook., Fl. II., 226. 
 
 C. gmmdarioidcH, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823) 
 C tetanica, Schwein. & Torr., Cyp. 347, (1K36.) 
 a lUincenm, Dew. Sill. Journ., (2d. Ser.) VI., 245, (1818.) 
 
 Damp meadows at Annapolis, and Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) 
 St. Stephen, X.B, (Vroom.) Belleisle, N.B. (Brittain.) Wot meadows, 
 close to the P^oi'ry House, opposite Belleville, Ont., and in pastures oast 
 of that city. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2633.) C. grisea, Wahl. Kiingl. Acad. Handl. XXtV., 154, (1802.) 
 
 (.'. kuijlom, Sclikuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. 09, (1805.) 
 
 C. (/r/.wf, var. mvior, Olney, Hall's PI. Tex. 26, (1873.) 
 
 Apparently rare in Canada, only observed in south-western Ontario. 
 Dump thickets, Port Dover .Junction, Elgin Co., Ont. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2634.) C. Oligocarpa, Schkuiir, Riedgr. Nachtr. 67, (1805.) 
 
 C. mimnijiora, Stead. Cypor. Plant, 234, (1^55.) 
 
 C. oliyoatrpa, var. ■Sartwelli.ana , Dew. Sill. Journ. (2d. Ser.) V., 176, (1848.) 
 
 Not rare on exposed, grassy hillsides, near the siiores of Lakes 
 Ontario and Eric; rocky hill near Picton, P'ince Kdward Co. ; open 
 wooils, above Port Hope, Ont; also along Lake Krie, near Fingal, 
 Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa; rare. (Fletcher, FL Oft.) 
 Belleisle, and Petitcodiac; Long Island, in the Kennebeccasis, M.B. 
 (Brittd'H.) It is probable that all Brittain's specimens are G. conoidea, 
 as those gathered at Belleisle, now in our herbarium, are of that 
 species. (Macoun.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 155 
 
 (2635.) C. Hitchcockiana, Dew. Sill. Journ. X. 274, (1820.) 
 C. oHgocarpa, var. major, Torr. Bot. N. York II., 406, (1843.) 
 Rocky woods, apparently rare in Ontario, but more northern than 
 the preceding species. Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, FL Ott.) In 
 half cleared lands, Kennebec, Addington Co.; Huntingdon, Hastings 
 Co.; and Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont. ; Port Stanley, and Fin- 
 gal, Elgin Co., Ont. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2636.) C. laxiflora, Lamarck, Diet, do Bot. IK., 392, (1789); 
 Hook., Fl. ir., 226. 
 
 C. striuiula, Miclix., Fl. I., 173, (1803.) 
 C. ancepf, Schwein. & Torr. Car. Mon. 343, in part, (1824.) 
 C. ignota, Dew. Sill. Journ. VIII., .348, (1849.) 
 As many collectors have notseparated the varieties from each other, 
 we place all references under the species, except where we have seen 
 the specimens, or they have been separated by the collector. New- 
 foundland. (Reeks.) Several varities and forms of this exceedingly 
 variable plant are found, but they have not been worked out. ( Fow- 
 ler, Cat.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fietch''r, Fl. Ott.) Damp woods at 
 Belleville, Ont. ; also Amhorstburgh, Lake F-ie. (Macoun.) Wood* 
 near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess. 
 MiUman.) t^uitc common at Pi'escott, Ont. (Billing^.) 
 
 Var. intermedia, Boott, HI. 37. 
 
 C. heliro:f)Hrma, Wahl. Kongl. AcaJ. Handl. XXIV., 151, (1802.) 
 
 a aweps, Mulil. ; Hook., Fl. II., 22(;, (1840.) 
 
 C. annpii, var. uvgnstifolia, Dew., AVood's Bot. 423, (1845.) 
 
 C. laxiflora, var. hlanda gracilHina, Boott, 111. 38. 
 Apparently our commonest form. Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Common in open woods, from Carleton Place westward 
 through central Ontaiio to Amhorstburgh, on Lake Brie, and north- 
 westerly to Red Rock, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, 
 Ont. (Burgess. MiUman.) Canada to Cai-leton House, on the Sas- 
 katchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. Striatuia, Carey, Gray, ALm. Kd. II., 524, (1856.) 
 
 C. cunokhu, Muhl. Des(T. Gram. 248, (1S17.) 
 
 C. blanda, Dew. Sill. Journ. X., 45, (1820.) 
 
 C ancepn, var. .Hriatula, Carey, Gray, Man. Ed. I., 554, (1848.) 
 
 a aiictp!<, var. hlanihi, Hook., Fl. II., 220, (1840.) 
 Not nearly so common as the preceding. Apparently more southern 
 in its range. Newfoundland. (La Pylaie.) Stewart's Bush, and 
 Billings Bridge, Ottawa. (Fletcher, I'l. Ott.) Not common in woods 
 at Belleville, Ont.: Queenston Heights, noar Niagara Falls. (Maroim.) 
 Low woods, London, Ont. (Burgess. MiUman.) 
 
15G 
 
 aEor.ouicAL survey of canada. 
 
 ^* 
 
 Vai. atlfolia, Boott, 111. 38. 
 
 Rich woods, Slid buiy Junction, C. P. Ry., Ont. ; common in woods 
 around Bollovillo, luul wostwiinl throuijjh contrnl Ontario to Port 
 Stanley, and Amlierstbiirgh, on Lalco Erie. (Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) Grassy woods, London, Ont. {Burgess. 
 AlUlman.) Hull, noar Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 
 Var. patulifolia, Caroy, Gray, Man. Va\. Tl., 524, (185G.) 
 
 C. })hinta(jhua, Schkulir, Ried;.'r. Naclitr. (io, (1805.) 
 C. anrc;),-), var. pn<«/i/oAiV(, Dow. Wood's Bot. 423, (1H45.) 
 C. knijlora, var. plautdi/incii, Boott, 111. 157. 
 
 Only found on McNab's Island, in Halifax Harbor. Easily distin- 
 guished from var. latifoHa by the almost total absence of nerves, and 
 nearly straight boaU of the porigynium. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2(i37.) C. Hendersoni, B;iiley, Caro.K, Syn. 115, (ISSG.) 
 
 C laxijloru, var. plantag'uictt, Olney, I'rocod. Am. Acad. (1872.) 
 Easily distinguished from any form of (7. la.vi1lora by its very large 
 porigynium. The western representative of the La.njionv. Lowei' 
 Eraser River, hit. 49". {Br. Lijall.) Not uncommon in open woods 
 ut Nanaimo, Qualicum, and Alborr.!, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2(538.) C. retrocurva, Pew.. Wood's Bot. 423, (1845.) 
 
 A])parontly rare in Canada. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) 
 Grassy woods at Amherstburgh, Lake iM-ie. {Macoun.) Border of a 
 ravine at London, Out. {Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 (2G3'>.) C. digitalis, Willd. Sp. PI. IV., 298, (1805.) 
 
 C. oUgocarpa, Hook., FI. 11., 22(i, (1840.) 
 
 C. Van-Vlechli, Schwolnitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 C. podoKtacln/K, Stead. Cyper. Plant, 232, (185.5.) 
 
 Ojien grassy woods and borders of ravines at Port Stanley, Elgin 
 Co., and on Queenstown Heights, near JS^iagara ; in a field near the 
 Big Swamp, Murraj-, Northumberland Co., and in woods, Tudor, Hast- 
 ings Co., Ont. {Macoun.) Vicinit}- of Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) 
 
 (2G40,) C. platyphylla, Carey,Sill.Journ. (2d. Ser.)lV.,23, (1S4T.) 
 Open grassy woods, not rare in Ontario. Ncai- Montreal. {C. ./•'. 
 AlcCrea.) King's Mountain, Chelsea, (}. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Rich, 
 rocky woods, commonTaronnd Belleville, and westward through cen- 
 tral Ontario to Owen Sound, Georgian Baj'. {Macoun.) Port Colborne, 
 ]iake Erie. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 (2641.) C. plantaginea, Liimarck, Diet, to Bot. HI., 392, (178')) ; 
 Hook., Fl. JI., 22(J; Mich.x., i'l., I., 173 ; PiuhH, FI. J., 42. 
 a Intifolia, Walil. Koiigl. Aca.l. Ilandl. XXIV., ir)0,vl802.) 
 On tho slopes of ravines, and in cool wooils throughout Ontario. 
 St. Joiin Rivor, botvvoon Floronccvillc and Andovor, N.B. (Brittain.) 
 V^ic'inity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) Miiiwin's WoodH, near 
 Proscott, Ont. (BilUmjs.) Abundant in ravines at Bollevillo, and 
 westward throughout Ontario to Owen Sound, Geoi-gian Bay. (Macoun.) 
 Gran<' T-'-irJ, Gov»rgian liay. (R. Bell.) Low woods, London, Ont. 
 (Burgess. Millman.) Norway JIouso, north end of Lake Winnipeg. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2G42.) C. eburnea, Boott, Hook., Fl. IL, 220, (1840.) 
 
 C. alki. Dew. Sill. .lourn. VIL, 260, (1824.) 
 
 a alba, var. Mtijolia, Dew. Sill. .lourn. XI., 310, (1820.) 
 
 C. paupercula, Torr. ("yp. 415, (1836), (non Michx.) 
 
 Not uncommon on dry limestone shingle, along rivers and lakes. 
 Tobiquo Narrows, N.B. (Briltaln.) Dry rocks, Eiviero do Brig, 
 Anticosti. (Macoun.) Mingan River, Q. (St.Cyr.) Common in all 
 rocky woods, Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) On rocky banks of tho 
 Moira, at Bolleville ; banks of Trent, above Tronton, and westward 
 throughout north-western Ontario, on i-ocky banks, to Port Arthur, 
 Thunder Bay. (Macoun.) River banks, London, Ont. (Burgess. Mill- 
 man.) Point aux Pins, Lake Krie ; and Saugcen, Lake Huron. 
 (Burgess.) Point Wilkins, Lake Winnipegoosis, Man.; lather rare on 
 gravelly banks, from Morley westward through tho Rocky Mountains 
 to ftonald, in tho Columbia Valley, B.C. (Macoun.) Cedar Lake, 
 near Cumberland House ; Fort Noinian, on the Mackenzie River ; and 
 Rocky Mountains, hit. 54°-56°. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2G43.) C. pedunculata, Muhl. (1805); Hook., Fl. IL, 217. 
 
 Cool shady woods and in swamps. Petitcodiac,andnavelock; Red 
 Bank, and Salmon River ; St. Stephen; Nashwaaksis, N.B. (Fowler, 
 Cat.) Woods at Salt Lake, and English Bay, Anticosti; in abun- 
 dance, along the Gasp(5 coast, Q. (Macoun.) Island of Orleans. 
 (St. Cyr.) In a swamp, half way between Montreal and the Recollefc 
 Swamp. (C. F, 3fcCrea.) Between Gate and St. Jean lakes, Went- 
 worth, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D^ Urban.) Very common in damp woods, 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Miriwin's Wood's, near Pi-escott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Carleton Place, and westward through Ontario to the west 
 side of Lake Superior, at Point Meuron, Kaministiqua River. (Macoun.) 
 Port Colborne, Lake Krie. (McG ill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Logic.) Damp woods, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Cum- 
 
11 y, 
 
 158 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA 
 
 boi'land House, and Norway House, and Rocky Mountains. 
 Fl.) Ettiny Lake, and Winnipeg River. {Richardson.) 
 
 X X Per igynhim pubescent. 
 
 (Honker, 
 
 (2644.) C. concinna, R. Bi-. (1823) ; Hook., Fl. II., 22}. 
 C. ormthopoda, 'J'orr. Cyp., 412, (1836.) 
 Lake Mistassini, N.liT. (J. Jf. Macoun.) Sto. Genevieve Island, 
 Q. {St. Cyr.) Shores of Lake Nipigon, Ont.; amongst rocks at Mani- 
 toba House, Lake Manitoba, Pipestone Creeic, Man. ; common from 
 Morloy westwai'd through the Rocky Mountains to Roger's Pass, Sel- 
 kirk Mountains; Cache Creek, and Clinton, and northward to Mc- 
 Lood's Lake lat. 55°, B.C. (Macoun.) Cumberland House, on the 
 Saskatchewan, to Mackenzie River ; Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2G45.) C. melanocarpa, Chamisso; Bailey, Carex, Syn. 120, 
 
 (1886.) 
 
 St. Lawrence Island, off Alaska. {Eothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2646.) C. Richardsoni, R. Br. (1823); Hook., Fl. IL, 223. 
 
 Newfoundland. {Beeki.) Dry thickets cast of Belleville ; also near 
 Canniffton, and a little, east of the railway bridge, Trenton, Hastings 
 Co., Ont. ; on dry grassy hillsides around Morley, and westward 
 through the Rocky Mountains to Donald in the Columbia Valley, B.C. ; 
 mountain summit at Sponce's Bridge, and along the Telegraph Trail, 
 lat. 54°, B.C. {Macoun.) Norway House, and Cumberland House ; 
 Rocky Mountains, and North West coast. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2647.) C. Pennsylvanica, Lamarck. (1789) ; Hook., Fl. II., 223 ; 
 Pursh, Fl. I., 40, (1814.) 
 
 C. mnrgimta, Willd. Sp. PI. IV., 201, (ISO.").) 
 
 C. lucorum, Willd. Hurt. Borol. Suppl. G3, (1809.) 
 
 Dry knolls in woods between Richibucto and Molus River; not rare 
 at Salmon River, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) 
 Petitcodiac, N.B. {Brittain.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott?) 
 Chalk River, Renfrew Co., and westward throughout Ontario in 
 open woods to Owen Sound on the Georgian Bay. {Macoun.) Com- 
 mon in woods at Prescott, Ont. {Billings.) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. {Logie.) Komoka, Ont. {Burgess.) London, Ont. ; Emerson, 
 Man. {Burgess. Millman.) Saskatchewan River, at Cumberland House, 
 and at Lake Winnipeg. {.Richardnon.) Souris Valle}', Man. {Dawson.) 
 Abundant in thickets throughout Manitoba and westward on the open 
 prairie ; rather common on dry slopes at Morley and extending west- 
 
1 
 
 Hooker, ■ 
 
 Island, 
 t Mani- 
 )n from 
 
 ass, Sel- 
 to Mc- 
 on the 
 
 ker, FL) 
 
 rn. 120, 
 
 ilso near 
 Hastings 
 westward 
 py, B.C. ; 
 k Trail, 
 House ; 
 
 II., 223; 
 
 not I'are 
 ( Vroom.) 
 FL Ott.) 
 itario in 
 .) Conv 
 ;amilton, 
 I'^merson, 
 d House, 
 Dawson.) 
 the open 
 ing west- 
 
 CATALOOUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 lo'.t 
 
 ward in the Eocky Mountain.s to Canmore ; not uncommon in dr}- 
 thickets at Yale, B.C.; grassy woods at Cedar Hill, and throughout 
 the southern part of Vancouver Island to Qualicum. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) British America 
 to the Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) The west coast specimens 
 have much darker scales, and in most cases the lower spikelet is sub- 
 tended by a green bract. 
 
 (2648.) C. varia, Muhl. (180G) ; Hook., Fl. TI., 223; Pursh, Fl. 
 I., 40, (1814.) 
 
 C. varia, var. pedicillata, Dew. Sill. Journ. XL, IGo, (1827.) 
 
 CcoUecla, Dew. Sill. Journ. XL, 314 (1827.) 
 
 C. Pennsyli>anica, var. Muhlenhergil, Gray, Gram, ii Cypr. 410, (1836.) 
 
 C. Pennrnjlvanica, Torr. C'yp. 410, (1830.) 
 
 C. varia, var. viinor, Boott, 111. 97. 
 Rather common in woods at Truro, Annapolis, and Canso. X.S. 
 (Macoun.) Halifax, and Pirate's Cove, N,S. (Burgess.) Dry knolls 
 in woods at Bass River, and at Fredericton Junction; rather common 
 at Salmon River, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Plains of Abraham, Q. (St.Cyr.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott) -Common at Prescott, Out. 
 (Billings.) Rocky ravines, Gibson's Mountain, and Picton, Prince 
 Edward Co.; Shannonville, and Trenton, Hastings Co., and west- 
 ward to Owen Sound, and seven miles up the Kaministiqua, 
 west side of Lake Superioi'. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 (Logic.) Woods, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) British America. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2649.) C. Emmonsli, Dew. ; Torr. Cyp. 411, (1836.) 
 
 C. alpe^tris. Dew. Sill. Journ. VIL, 208, (1S24.) 
 
 C. Darim, Dew. Sill. Journ. X., 270, (1820.) 
 
 C. Nor.v-Aiifjlix, var. Emmonm, Carey, Gray, Man. Eii. I., 550, (1848.) 
 
 C Icucorum, var. Emmonm, Cliapiii. Flora, 539, (1800.) 
 
 C. Emmonm, var. elliptica, Boott, 111. 97. 
 
 a varia, var. minor, Hook., Fl. 11., 223, (1840.) 
 McNab's Island, Halifax Harbor, and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 Drj' bank near the Manse, Blackvillo; Petitcodiac; Salmon River, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) St. John, N.B. (Burgess.) Montreal Mountain. 
 (O. F. McCrea.) King's Mountain, near Chelsea, Q. ; and at Rock- 
 cliffe, Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Chalk River, Renfrew Co., and 
 westward throughout Ontario to Lake Erie, at Port Stanley ; and north- 
 wes^erlj' to Lake Nipigon, north of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Rocky 
 woodlands, west of Brockville, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. (Logic.) Woods, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Quesnel, 
 and McLeod's Lake, lat. 55^, northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) 
 British America to Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
160 
 
 aEOLOOICAf. SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 *f: 
 
 (2650.) C. Novee-Angliae, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 Bathoi- more northern in its ningo than C. Emmonsii, and often voiy 
 like it in geneial appearance, the purplo-margined scale not always 
 being a sure guide. Damp wood!<, Truro; Point Pleasant, and McNab's 
 Island, Halifax Harbor, N.S. {Macoun & Burgess.) Rocky ])oints, 
 CJaspd coast, Q. (Macoun.) St. John, Petitcodiac, and Chipman, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Sudbury Junction, northern Ontario, and on rocks ten 
 miles south of Fort William, Lake Superior ; Telegraph Trail, lat. 54°, 
 B.C. ; summit of Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, alt. 5,500 feet. 
 (Macoun.) Lake Lindeman, Lewes River. (Schuatka.) Arctic eea- 
 coast, and Methy Portage. (Richardson.) 
 
 Var. deflexa, Bailey, Carex, Syn. 124, (1886.) 
 
 The specimens refei-rod here arc distinguished from the species by 
 the deflexed beak of the perigynium, which has also a purple spot on 
 the inside of the bend. Sheaths reticulated at the base. Grassy thickets, 
 McLeod's Lake, lat. 55°, northein British Columbia. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. Rossll, Bailey, Bot. Gaz. X., 20t, (1885.) 
 C. Eossii, Boott, Hook., FI. II., 222, (1840.) 
 
 On elevated snow-slides, and grassy margins of thickets, from Castle 
 Mountain to Hector, Rocky Mountains ; Yale Mountain, B.C. ; rocky 
 fields at Cedar Hill, Gordon Head, Home Lake, and Nanaimo, Van- 
 couver Island. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, and North "West coast. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) Telegraph Creek, lat. 58°, B.C. (Dawsm.) 
 
 (2651.) C. umbellata, Schk. (1801); Pursh, Fl. I., 44; Hook., Fl. 
 II., 222. 
 
 C. umbellata, var. vicinu, Dew. Sill. Journ. XI., 317, (182G.) 
 Not uncommon, chiefly on sandy soil, from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific. Hillsides at Truro, and on rocks and sand. Point Pleasant, 
 Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Ivocky ground, near the Manse 
 at Blackville; Red Bank, and Petitcodiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Vicin- 
 ity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) Sand hills. Chalk River, Renfrew- 
 Co. ; Oak Hills, Hastings Co. ; on rocks at Otter Head, Lake Superior ; 
 near Lake Ellen, Nipigon River. (Macoun.) British America to Rocky 
 Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Lakes Superior and Huron ; Methy Por- 
 tage, and at Forts Chipwoyan and Simpson. (Richardson.) 
 
 Var. brevirostris, Boott, 111. 99. 
 
 C. glohosa, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 246, in part, (1880.) 
 
 Rather common in tufts on rocky banks, from Morley westward in 
 the Rocky Mountains to Castle Mountain ; dry slopes at Yale, and 
 Jackass Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 
CATALOUUE OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 Ifil 
 
 Fl. 
 
 (2652.) C. pubesoens, Muhl. (1805); Pursh, Fl. I., 42; Hook., J'l. 
 II., 223. 
 Meadows, and borders of moist woods. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) 
 Potitcodiac, N. B. {Fowler, Cat.) Stewart's Bunh, near Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Eather rare near Prescott, Ont. (BUlinys.) 
 Meadows between Belleville and Trenton, Hastings Co. ; near Woolor, 
 Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Rich low woods, London, Ont. 
 (^Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 X X Beak of periiji/nium more or less elongated. 
 * Beak emarginate or obliquely truncate. 
 
 (2653.) C. Scabrata, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (182^); Hook., Fl. II., 
 222. 
 Wet meadows and around springs at Annapolis, and Windsor, N.S. 
 (Macoun.) Wet grounds, Bass River, Kent Co. ; Norton, and Camp- 
 bellton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Nepisiquit Lake, N.B. (Hay.) Near 
 Quebec. (Cleghorn.) Borders of springs in woods and swamps at 
 Brighton, and Port Hope, Ont.; Jones Falls, Owen Sound, and at Port 
 Stanley, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) 
 
 (2654.) C. arctata, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 227, (1840.) 
 C. siihKitica, Dew. Sill. .lourn. X., 40, (1826.) 
 Abundant in meadows and thickets, and in open forest. Margin of 
 dry woods beside the Manse, Bass River, Kent Co. ; rather common at 
 Salmon River; St. John and various places in Wesraoreland Co., N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) Sugar Bush Lake, 
 Montcalm Co., Q. (D' Urban.) St. Andrews, near Montreal. (McGill 
 Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Quite common 
 in dry woods at Belleville, Ont., at Grafton and Queenston Heights, 
 and westward to London, Ont. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. Faxoni, Bailey, Coult. Bot. Gaz. XIII., 87. 
 
 Spikes shorter than in the species, usuallj'- short-ped uncled, erect or 
 nearly so, much more densely flowered, part of them usually con- 
 tiguous at the top of the culm, rendering the shorter staminate spike 
 inconspicuous ; perigynium usually much larger. (Bailey.) Lake 
 Mistassini, N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Common at Belleville, and west- 
 ward through the northern part of Ontario to Nipigon River, north of 
 Lake Superior and south-west to Kakabeka Falls, west of that lake. 
 This is evidently the northern form, and is quite distinct in appear- 
 ance from the species. Many of the eastern references very likely 
 belong here. (Macoun.) 
 11 
 
162 
 
 OEOLOGIOAL SURVEY Of CANADA, 
 
 
 C. arotata x flexilis, Bailoy. 
 
 a Knh'»kermi, Dow. Sill. .Imirn. 2il. Ser. II., 247, (1846.) 
 I agree with Prof. Bailey in beliovingthat this is a hybrid betwoon 
 C. arctata and G. flexilis. Where 1 gathered the specimens at Kakn- 
 boka Fails, on tiie Kaministiqua, thirty miles from Fort William, 
 Lake Superior, both of these species wore found growing in profusion. 
 Specimens of C /e.n7es, sent from Tobique Lake, N.B., by Welmoro, 
 contained a tine clump of C. KnieiOctrnU. It is just possible that after 
 all it is a lax Ibrni of C. ftexilis, as it certainly approaches that species 
 very closely. 
 
 (2655.) C. flexilis, Kudgo, Linn. Trans. VII., 98, (1804.) 
 C. blq)haropliora, Gray, Ann. N. Y. Lye. III., 237, (1836.) 
 Newfoundland. (Rudge.) Near Weldford Station ; Bed Bank Creek, 
 and Tobique Iliver; common at Petitcodiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Jupiter Eiver, Anticosti ; Fulls of Ste. Anne des Monts, Gaspd Co., Q. 
 (^Macoun.) Dartmouth River, Gaspe Basin, Gaspi; Co., (j. (J. Bell.) 
 Eed Bay, Lake Huron ; Nipigon House, Lake Nipigon ; abundant at 
 Kakabeka Falls, at Curroat JJiver, and Otter Head, Lake Superior. 
 {Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. (,/. M. Mdcoun.) 
 
 (265G.) C. Assiniboinensis, W. Boott, Bot. Gaz. IX., 91, (1884.) 
 A very beautiful and distinct species well described by Boott. Peri 
 gynium few-ribbed towards the base, hairy, gradually contracted into 
 a very long slender beak, which is white and membranous at the tip; 
 scale white, awl-shaped, the lower ones awned and longer than the 
 perigynium, the others about the same length. In thickets at the 
 Assiniboine Bapids, east of Brandon, and in the Grand Valley, leading 
 to Rapid City, 1879; on a dry limestone point at the "Narrows" of 
 Lake Manitoba, Man., 1881. (Macoun.) Griswold, Man. (Jiev. W. 
 A. Burman.) 
 
 <2657.) C. longirOStriS, Torrey, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 
 C. Sprengelii, Dew. ; Spreng. Sys. Veg. III., 827, (1826.) 
 C. longiroolris, var. minor, Boott, Phila. Acad. Sc. 78, (1863.) 
 C. longirostns, var. microci/slis, Boeckeler, Linnsea, XLI., 241, (1877.) 
 Growing in large tufts sparingly on rocky ledges or in thickets. 
 Andover, and Sussex, N.B. (^Fowler, Cat.) Ledges, King's Mountain, 
 near Chelsea, Q. ; abundant in a coppice at Hemlock Lake, New 
 Edinburgh, Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) On Gibson's Mountain, Prince 
 Edward Co. ; on the " Big Boulder," Trent Talley, above Trenton, and 
 on limestone ridges, Marmora, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Eiver 
 bank, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Souris River, Man. (Burgess.) 
 
OATALOOUE OF CANAIMAN PI.ANTH. 
 
 1(53 
 
 ThicUotH, along the Kaministiqua, twenty inilos abovo Fort Williatn; 
 rathor common at Portage la Prairie and wostward to Fort Kllico, in 
 the Assiniboino Valley ; rathor uncommon on giassy slopes near the 
 Bow Rivor, at Morloy, Albei-ta. (Macoun.) Carloton JIouso to Rocky 
 Mountains. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 (2t;58.) C. Saskatchewana, Bu'civolor, Linmua, XL!., 159. (187(5.) 
 This species has been doseriboil from young spocimons ('oiioctcd by 
 Douglas somewhere on the Saskatchewan. Wo have soon nothing to 
 tall}' with the description, and can make no suggmtion regarding its 
 proper disposition. Bnockelor places it next to C. mjinafa, and Builoy 
 near C, debilis. Bettor specimens are much needed. 
 
 <2(i50.) C. capillariS, Linn. (1753); Hook., Fl. II., 227. 
 C. capillaris, var. clongata, Olney, Pre), ("at. Wheeler's PI. 53. 
 (^uito common on the rocky borders of northern lakes and streams. 
 Newfoundland. (La Pjjlaie.) Bass River, Kent Co. ; Edmonton, and 
 Konneboccasis Bay, N. B. {Fowler, Cat.) Boundary Lake, N. B. 
 {Prin<jle.) Esquimaux Island, Mingan, Q. {St. Oyr.) Salt Lake, 
 South West Point, and Ellis Bay, Anticosti; common on exposed 
 points, Gasp^ coast; very common around Lake Superior, and north- 
 ward to Lake Nipigon. {Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; The 
 Twins, James Bay. {J. M. Mncoun.) Michipicotin River, Ont. {R.Bell.) 
 Assiniboino Rapids, east of Brandon, Man. ; rather common on the 
 margins of streams and ravines from Morley westward through the 
 Rocky Mountains to Roger's Pass, summit of the Selkirk Mountains, 
 B.C. ; McLeod's Lake, lat. 55", and Peace River Pass, lat. .ifi'-', B.C. 
 {Macoun.) Ivowes River, lat. (J2° north of British Columbia (Dawson.) 
 Fort Norman, Boar Lake, and Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 Ounalashka. {Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
 Var. Krauseiy Krantz. (M.SS.) 
 
 C. Kramci, Boeckeler, Engler's Bot. Jalirb. VII., 279, (1886.) 
 
 Dr. August Krantz, who has carefully examined the whole collec- 
 tions of Krause made in Alaska, writes me that Boeckeler's now species 
 is only an androgynous form of C. capillaris, and suggests the above 
 varietal name. Alaska. {Krause.) 
 
 (2660.) C. obesa, AUioni, var. minor, Boott, III. 1(U. 
 V. mpina, Wahl. (1802) ; Hook., Fl. II., 225. 
 We know nothing of this species. None of our specimens are any- 
 thing like it. Bear Lake, and Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 ■Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
 I 
 

 
 'C*.' 
 
 164 
 
 
 OiOLOdlrAIi SIRVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 * * Beak hidmtafe, 
 ■\ Peri(ji/nium smooth. 
 
 (2601.) C. fulva, Good., Linn. Trnns. TI., 177, (17!»2); Hook., FI. 
 II., 225. 
 
 C. Gremiana, Dow. Sill. Journ. XXX., 61, (1830.) 
 Newfoundland. (Qoodmouijh.) Spocimciis giithorod at EIHh Buy, 
 AnticoBti, are referred here, and if correctly so, arc coi'tainly indi- 
 genous. The fertile spikew are usually two, the lower is long pcdun- 
 culod, and the upper almost seesile; staniinate spike aloo long podun- 
 clod. Mr. Arthur Bennett, F.L.S., of England, has confirmed this 
 identification. 
 
 (2G02.) C. riparia, W. Curtis, Fl. Lond. IV.", t. 60, (1702.) 
 
 C. litcustris, Willd. (1805); Pursli, Fl. I., 46 ; Hook., Fl. II., 227. 
 Newfoundland. {Reeks.) In water near Weldford Station, Buss 
 River, Kent Co., N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Sugar BubIi Lake, Montcalm 
 Co., Q. {D' Urban.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Marshes, 
 Bay of Quinto, and in wet meadows and marshes all over central 
 Ontai'io, and westward to Rod Bay, Lake Huron ; marshes on Pelde 
 Point, Lake Erie. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logie.) 
 Common at London, Ont. {Burgess. Milbnan.) Swamps, Lake of the 
 Woods. {Burgess. Dawson.) Lake Winnipeg, and Cumberland House. 
 {Hooker, Fl.) Moose Factory, James Bay. {Cottar & Dr. Hayden.) 
 
 t t Perigynium hirsute. 
 
 (2663.) C. Houghtonii, Torrey, Cyp. 413,(1830); Hook., Fl. II., 
 223. 
 
 A beautiful and distinct species found chiefly in the northern pine 
 forests ; on sandy or i-ocky knolls, where it ci-eeps extensively. On 
 ridges at Truro, N.S. {Macoun & Burgess.) Diy grassy places. Coal 
 Branch, Kent Co. ; Tobique River, at Pokiok, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) 
 Dry ridges, Gaspe coast, Q. {Macoun.) Riviere Ste. Marguerite, Q. 
 {Pringle.) On a hill 1,500 feet high, at Tadousac, Q. {A. T. Drummond.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa ; very rare. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) On rocky islands, 
 Partridge Lake, and Gull Lake, Addington Co.; abundant in new 
 meadows in Tudor, Madoc, and Marmora, Hastings Co. ; Elliott's Falls, 
 Gull River, Victoria Co. ; very common in the woods all around Lake 
 Superior, especially about Port Arthur; common at Lake Nipigon, 
 north of Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Michipicotin River, Ont. {B.Bell.) 
 Woods west of Edmonton, lat. 54°, N.W.T. {Macoun.) Methy Portage, 
 lat. 57°. {Richardson.) Hudson Bay to Cumberland House, on the 
 Saskatchewan. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 ■m 
 
CATAI.OOUE OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 105 
 
 <2(i64.) C. flllformis, I.imi. (IVoli) ; Hook., Fl. IF., 223. 
 
 Pmt bogs, and wot mursliy moailowH. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) 
 Lighthouao Point, Vurmoiith, N.S. (Macoun.) Klsio, noiir Richibucto; 
 Arthurotto, N.B. (Fowler, (^at.) At Jui)itor Hivor, and En^lwh Bay, 
 AnticoHti ; near Point Fatno LiglithoUHO, GuHpti coast, Q. (Macoun.) 
 Sto. IIolon'8 Island, Montreal. (0. F. AlcCrea.) MarHli near Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) Marsh west of Proscott Junction, Ont. (BiUiiKjs.) 
 lioavor nioadow8 and niarshos, North Hastings, Ont. ; marshes, IJruoo 
 Peninsula, Ont. ; Lake Hannah, Nipigon Rivor. and along the Katni- 
 nistiqua, near Fort William ; also on Livingstone Point, Lake Nipi- 
 gon. (Macoun.) Swampy gi-ound, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millmnn.) 
 Common in the Cohuniiia Valley, at Donald, and westward uj) Boavor 
 Creek Valley, Selkirk .Mountains; Wo^ntwood's Swamp, near Nanaimo, 
 and in a marsh at Home Luke, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Nor- 
 way House to Cumberland House. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2fi65.) C. lanuginosa, Michx., Fl. I., Hf), (1803); Hook., Fl, 
 IL, 223. 
 
 C. pdlita, Mulil. (1805) ; Pursli, Fl. 1., 44. 
 
 C.Jiliformis, var. lanuij'momt, Bd-ck. ; Bailoy, Carox, Syn. 74, (1886.) 
 Wet meadows and marshes, never in bogs ; extending from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Moncton, and Potit- 
 codiac ; Edmunton, N.B, [Fowler, Cat.) Lower Tobiquo Rivor, N.B, 
 (Brittain.) Salt Lake, and Jupiter River, Anticosti ; Grand Vall(Se, 
 Gasp^ coast, Q. (Macoun.) Westof St. Sauvour, Quoboc city. (St. Cijr.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Wot meadows, near tho 
 junction at Proscott, Ont. (BiUimjs.) Very common in wet meadows 
 throughout central Ontario and westward to Lake Huron at Red Bay, 
 also north-westerly around Lake Nipigon, and south to the Kaminis- 
 tiqua, near Port Arthur. (Macoun.) Meadows at Kingston, Ont. 
 (Millman.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Lake Mistassini, 
 N.E.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Saskatchewan Rivor to Mothy Portage, 
 lat. 57°. (Richardson.) Very abundant in marshy meadows, through- 
 out tho prairie region and extending north to Lake Athabasca, in lat, 
 59°, and south to lat. 49', and westerly by Morley through tho Rocky 
 Mountains to Donald in the Columbia Valley; meadows near Vic- 
 toria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Cadboro Bay, Vancouver Island, 
 (Fletcher.) Lake Mistassini ; Canada to Mackenzie River. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. eemathorhyncha, 
 
 C. xmithorhyncha, Olney, Bet. Kind's Exp, V., 373, (1871.) 
 Cjilijormin, var. ivmathorhyncha, AV. Boott, Bot. Calif. II., 250, (1880.) 
 C. JiUformh, var. latifolia, Bailey, Carex, Syn. 74, (1886,) 
 Wo have kept C. lanuginosa distinct from 0. filiformis, because thoy 
 
166 
 
 GEOT.OOICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 differ eufflciontly in habit and general character to constitute good 
 epocios. Atjpresent species in America are, in general, too iil-delincd, 
 and it is the opinion of the wi-iter that all permanent forms should bo 
 described, and specific distinctiins placed on record, .no that future 
 workers may have lews dilliculty in working up the plants of any 
 region than has been oxjiorieneod by mo in elabi)rating the flora of 
 Canada. Specimens referred hero weio collected at Vancouver city, 
 on Bui-raid Inlet, by Prof. Fowler. They agree precisely with Mr. 
 TV. Boott's description, and specimens distributed by Suksdorf. 
 
 =1; :}: :': j\ri(jynium lonij-beaked, injiatsd and bicuspidate. 
 
 t Perigynium smooth. 
 
 X Lupulmv, Baileij, dtrex, Syn. 61. 
 
 (26(5(i.) C. SUbulata, Michx. (1803); Pursh, PI. I., 40; Hook., Fl. 
 II., 221. 
 
 C. Collvmi, Nutt., Gen. N. Am. PI. II., 205, (1818.) 
 C. Michau.rii, Dew- Sill. Journ. X., 278, (1820.) 
 
 De.p cedar swamps, in spha'jnuni. Canada. {Hooker, FL) Wo have 
 no Canadian ppecimons of this species. Collectors should look for it in 
 Quebec and New Brunsv'ick. The refloxcd teeth of the perigynium 
 and gross-like appearance of the whole plant distinguish it from the 
 next, which grows in the same situations. 
 
 (2G6T.) C. Michauxiana, Baackeler, Linmca, XLl., 336, (1877.) 
 
 a roMmta, Michx., Fl. I., 173, (ISOo.) 
 
 C .raiithophijsa, vars. nana <k minor, Dew. Sill. Journ. XIV., 353, (1828.) 
 
 C.folUcuIala, Hook., Fl. II., 221, (1840.) 
 
 Peat bogs, Newfoundland. (La Pyhie.) Cold bog near Louisbuig^ 
 Cape Breton. (Macoim & Buroess.) Bog at Kothesay ; Lily Lake, and 
 border o "Clifton Lake, NB. '{Fouler, Cat.) Luke Mistassini, N.E.T. 
 ( Hooker, ^ I) 
 
 (26(18.) C. folliculata, Linn. Sp. Plant, 978, (1753.) 
 
 C. .ranllio]>him, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 152, (1802.) 
 Peat bogs and maishos. Cold swamps, Newfoundland. {Reeks.) 
 Marshes and wet gn and in numerous places at Point Pleasant, .ind 
 North West Arm, Halifiix, N.y. {Afacoun & Burgess.) Halifax, N.S. 
 {Sonuners, Cat.) Norton, and St. Martin's, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) East- 
 man's Springs, near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Port Cockburn, 
 Li.Ke Joseph, Muskoka, Ont. {Buryess.) Peat bog, Caledonia Spiings, 
 near Ottawa. {C. F. McCrea.) 
 
OATAI-OGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 167 
 
 (26C9.) C. intumescens, Rudge, Linn. Trans. VII., 9Y. (1804); 
 Hook., Fl. II., 221. 
 
 C /.■lliciUata, Wivlil. KiinKl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 1.52, (1802); Mioli.v., Fl. 
 I.,172, (1H03); Pursli, VI I., 42, (1814.) 
 
 Swamps and marshy woods; common. Newfoundland. (La Pylaie.} 
 Truro, and Aimupolis, N.S. (Macoun.) Kather common in Pictou, and 
 GuysboroCo's., N.S. (McKay.) Gloncli,',(;ruysboroCo..N.S. {Faribault.} 
 Ilatlior common in Kent Co.; King's Co., and on St. .folin Rivor, 
 N.B. {Fomler, Cat.) Plains oC Abraham, Quolmc. {St. Cyr.) Sugar 
 Bush Lake, Montcalm Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Woods near Buckingham, 
 ii. (Ami.) Si. Andrews, near Montreal. {McGUl Coll. Herb.) Vicinity 
 of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Wot wodt, common at Proscott, 
 Ont. {Billin<js.^ Very common in wet woods throughout central 
 Ontario, and westward to Amhcrstburgh Lake Hrie, and Owen Sound, 
 Georgian Bay; also north-westerly to Lake lOllen, Nipigon River, and 
 along the west, shore of Lake Superior, and westward to Rainy 
 Lake. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) London, Ont. 
 {Burr/ess. Millvian.) Canada to Norway IIouso, north of Lake Winnipeg. 
 Hooker, Fl.) Lake of the Woods, and Rainy Lake. {Richardson.) 
 
 (2070.) C. Crayil, Carey, Sill. Jou.'U. IV., 22, (1847.) 
 
 C. inlununceiix, var. glahulann, Gray, Ann. N. Y. Lyn. III., 23(5, (1836.) 
 
 Damp woods near Buckingham, C^. ; very rare, collected by II. M. 
 Ami. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abundant in wet grassy woods, Colchester, 
 near Amborstburgh, Lake lOrio. {2\facoun.) 
 
 (2671.) C. lurida, Wahl. Kungl. Acad. Handl. XXIV., 153, ^.802.) 
 
 C. lupvlina, Mulil. (ISU.".); Hook., Fl. II., 223; Macoun, Cat. No. 2118 ; 
 
 Pursh, Fl. I., 41, (1814.) 
 C. Vanadmxii, Dow. Sill. Journ. XLI., 2(1. Ser. 22!», (18GG.) 
 
 Abundant in tufts about ponds and in ditches in Ontario. Near 
 Windsor, N.S. {McGill ''oil. Herb.) Hampton, and Norton, N.B. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Tobique River, N.H. {J fay.) Halifax, N.S. {Sommers, 
 Cat.) St. John, on tlie Richelieu itiver, (^. (C. F. McCrea.)- Gatineau 
 Point, (I.; and abundant in all low grounds at < >ttawa, in vai-ious I'orms- 
 {Fletche/, Fl. Ott.) Abundant at Prescott, Ont. {Billlnys.) Very 
 common throughout central and western Ontario, -xtending to fifteen 
 miles up the Kaministiqua, west of Lake Superior. {Macoun.) London, 
 Ont.; Point aux Pins, Essex Co., Ont.; and Pari-y .Sound. Georgiiin 
 Bay. {Bun/ess.) Vicinity ol Hamilton, Ont. {Lofjie.) Port Colborne, 
 Lake Erie. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Ilud.son Bay. {Hooker, FL) 
 
168 
 
 OEOLOGICAL Si;BVEY OP CANADA, 
 
 m 
 mi 
 
 Var. divergens, Baile}', Carex, Syn. 63, (1S86.) 
 
 C. Bella-villa, Dev/. Sill. Journ. 2(1. Sor. XLI., 221), (1866.) 
 
 " Plant more slonder, spiivos scattered or remote, oblong or cylindri- 
 cal, much more loosely flowered, more or less staminate at the apex ; 
 jierigyninm more straw-colored, less turgid, slenderly beaked, diverg- 
 ing at right angles ; scales longer, cc ispicuously awned." (Bailey.) 
 Marshy meadows near Foxboro, six miles north of Belleville, Hast- 
 ings Co., Ont. 1 believe, with Prof. Bailey, that this is a variety of 
 C. lurida, but it cannot be a hybrid with C. folliculata, as that species 
 has never been found within one hundred miles of the locality. 
 
 Var. polystachya, Bailey, Carex, Syn. 63, (1886.) 
 
 C lupvlina, \ar. poli/stachi/a, Schweinitz i^ Torr., Mon. Cyp. 3;!7, (1825.) 
 
 C. lupitliformis, Sartwell, Exaific. 147, (1848.) 
 
 C. Bei/richiana , Bdckeler, Linntea, XLI., 239, (1877.) 
 
 In Hastings and Northumberland Co's., Out., there are numerous 
 forms of G. lurida, all of which have pedunculate and scattered spikes, 
 and are very unlike typical C. lurida. One of these was named 
 0. Canadensis, by Dewey, .nnd the others referred to C. lupulina, var. 
 pednnculata, and var. gigantoidea, Dewey. These are now placed under 
 this form jiending a better arrangement of the several varieties of this 
 multiform species. 
 
 X X Vesicarioi, Baiby, Carex, Sijn, 64. 
 
 (2672.) C. oligosperma, Michx., Fl. I., 174, (1803); Hook., FI. 
 II. 220. 
 
 C. Oakmana, Dew. Sill. .lourn. XIV., 351, (1828.) 
 Peat and sphagnum swamps, rathei- rare. Labrador. 
 ])eat bog near llichibucto, and at Madawaska, N.B. 
 Thunder River, Q. (St. Gyr.) Mer Bleue, near Ottawa. 
 Oti.) Abundant in bogs, Kiladar and Kennebec, Addington Co., and 
 Tudor, Hastings Co., Ont. ; One-raiie Portage, Nipigon River, Lake 
 Superior. {Macoun.) Lake Supei-ioi-. (lUchardson.) London ; and Port 
 Cockburn, Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ont. {Burgess.) Lake Mistassini, 
 N.K.T. (,/. M. Macoun.) From Norway Hou^e, Lake Winnipeg, to 
 Jinglish River, and Bear Lake, lat. 66^\ {Richardson.) Peat bogs, 
 Methy Portage, lat. 57 ', where it is in abundance. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2673.) C. Raeana, Boott, Rich. Arc. P]xped. II., 344, (1857.) 
 
 We have never seen specimens of this species except those of Prof. 
 F'owler, from New Brunswick, and the younger specimens collected by 
 Mr. C. K. Smith in northern Maine, and distributed by Olney and 
 
 {Allen.) In a 
 
 {Fowler, Gat.) 
 
 (Fletcher, Fl. 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 1(50 
 
 Fl. 
 
 Canby as C. pidla. Prof. Bailey, in his Carex Synopsis, page GO, seems 
 to refer these specimens to C. sa.ra'ilis, var. (?) miliaris, but on the pro- 
 coding page ho evidently places the same specimens under this 
 species. In the latter case I agree with him, as the Maine specimens 
 are over two feet in iioight. lie says, speaking of var. (?) milliaris: 
 " very slender, six to sixteen inches high," which cuts out the Maine 
 (immature) specimens altogether, and, in my opinion, Prof Fowler's 
 New Brun.swick specimens also. It is just possible that C. pulla, 
 Gray, Man. 602, and C. Raeana, are the same, and my tall Anticosti 
 specimens of C roYM/i^/af(f, and Prof Porter's specimens from Maine, 
 are C. milioris, Michx. Spocimei's coUecteil at Lake Mistassini. b\' Mr. 
 J. M. Macoun, would also come in with C. miliaris. As it was at Lake 
 Mistassini that Michaux obtained the specimens on which he founded 
 the species, our view of the ease may be the correct one. Wet shores 
 Eothe.say and on the opposite side of the Keiiiiobeccasis River, N.B. 
 (Power, Cat.) Methy Portage, long. 110 ', lat. 51^. (/{ichardson.) 
 While on the Portage in September, 187"), I looked for this species, 
 but brought away ('. olhjosperma instead of it. 
 
 .': Ti.) C. miliaris, Michx., Fi. I., 17-4, (1803); Pursh, Fl. I., 41; 
 J ook., Fl. II., 224. 
 
 C. mxatilis, var. (?) miliaria, Bailey, Bot. Gaz. IX., 120, (1884.) 
 C.pidla, var. (?) miliarh, Gray. Man. Ed. V. (i02, (18GS.) 
 Lake Mistassini, X.E.T. (Michaux. J. M. Macoun.) Ungava Bay, 
 Labrador, 1884. (Turner vide Bailey.) In wet gravel along Jupiter 
 River, Anticosti, near its mouth, 1883. (Macoun.) The specimens 
 Irom the above mentioned jdaces are ail alike, but those from Anticosti 
 are much tallei", and exactly match Prof T. Porter's specimens from 
 Moosehead Lake, .Maine. The Canadian s])ecimen8 liave their sheaths 
 more or less fibrous, and the perigyniu.n a distinctly notched beak. 
 
 (2(575.) C. phySOCarpa, Picsi, Reliq. Ha^nk. 1. 205, (1830.) 
 
 Abundant in the Bow River Valley, and along mountain streams up 
 to 5,500 feet, and extending from Morley westward through the Rocky 
 Mountains to Donald, in the ('olunibia Valle}'. (Macoun.) Rocky 
 Mountains of British America. (Drummond.) 
 
 (267().) C. saxatiliS, Linn., Fl. Lapp. 259. 
 
 C.jndla, Good., Linn. Tran.s. III., 78, n?.*?.^ 
 
 C. vcmcaria, var. alpigena, Fries. Mant. II., 142. 
 Specimens collected on "The Twins.'' in James Bay, in July, 18^7, 
 by .1. M. ^lacoun, are refeired here by Mr. Beunett. Aho says they are 
 identical with Norwegian specimens in lii* possession. (Maccmn.) 
 Greenland. (Lanqe.) 
 
170 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 .19 
 I ' '^'1 
 
 Var. (?) Crahami, Hook. & Arn., Brit. Fl., Ed. VIIL, 510. 
 
 C. Grahami, Boott, Linn. Trans. XIX., 215, (1843.) 
 
 C. saxatilis, var. major, Olney, Bot. King's Exp. V., 370, (1871.) 
 
 a saxatilis, Hook., Fl. II., 220, (1840.) 
 
 Eocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2677.) C. compacta, E. Br., Eoss. Voy. App. page 143, (1823.) 
 
 C. membramicea. Hook., App. Parry's 2nd Voy., 406; Hook., Fl. II., 220 
 
 C. hymenocurpa, Drejer, Eevis. Crit. Car. 58, (1841.) 
 
 C. ampuUatea, var. borcalis, Lange, Rink's, Groenl. II., 118. 
 
 C. rotundata, Rothiock's Alaskan PI. 457. 
 
 Arctic coast; Southampton Island; Duckett's Cove, Xorth Somerset ; 
 Ktzebue Sound. {Hooker, Fl.) Baffin's Bay. (B.Brown.) CapeChud- 
 leigh, Nottingham Island, and Eskimo village of Hyhi, Hudson Straits. 
 yR. Bell.) Bear Lake. {Drummond vide Bailey) Kotzebue Sound. 
 {Hothr. Alask.) On the coast of Hudson Bay, between Fort Churchill 
 and Cape Lady Pelly. (Dr. Bae.) Arctic sea-coast. (Bichardson.) 
 
 (2678.) C. rotundata, Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 235, (1812) ; Hook., Fl. 
 II., 220. 
 Arctic America ; Slave Lake, and Fort Enterprise. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Specimens from Ungava Bay, northern Labrador (Turner, 1884), are 
 evidently this species. (Bailey.) North Twin Island, ^imes Bay, 
 1887. (J. M. Macoitn.) 
 
 (2679.) C. rOStrata, Withering, Arrang. Brit. PI., Ed. II., (1790.) 
 
 C. vesicaria, Pursh, Fl. I., 45, (1814.) 
 
 C. oUusangula, Ehrh. Calam. Exs., No. 50, (1791.) 
 
 C. ampullacca. Good., Linn. Trans. II., 207, (1792.) 
 
 Bog North Sydney, Cape Bieton. (Macoun & Burgess.) Table Top 
 Mountain, Gasp^, (^. (Porter.) Six miles up Becscie Eiver, Anticosti ; 
 Lake Nipigon, Ont. ; common along the tributaries of the Saskatche- 
 wan, and north to Methy Portage, lat, 57° ; valley oi Bow Eiver, at 
 Ci'lgary, and westward throrgh the Eock}' Mountains, to the Columbia 
 Valley, where it is common. (Macoun.) Cumberland House, English 
 Eiver, and Bear Lake. (Hooker, Fl.) Moose Factory, James Bay. 
 (Cottar & Dr. Hayden.) Chuj'chill River, Keewatin, (B. Bell.) Near 
 Pincher Creek, Eoeky Mountains. (Dawson.) Vaneouvei- city, Bur- 
 rard Inlet, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) Cdmmon in marshes near Cedar 
 Hill, and at Nanaimo, and Alberni, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 Lake, six miles from Victoria, and Mount Finlayson, Vancouver 
 Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 in 
 
 Var. Utricuiata, Bailoy, Carex, Syn. (J7, (1886.) 
 C. lUrictUata, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 221, (1840.) 
 C. utriculakt, var. mhior, Boott, Hook., Fl. II., 221, (1840.) 
 C. ampidlacea, var. utriculata, Carey, Gray, Man. 5GG, (1848.) 
 C. utriculata, var. globosa, Olney, Bot. King's Exp. V., 374, (1871.) 
 A very common Carex in marshes and by streams from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacific. In bogs at Truro, and Windsor, N.S. ; and at North 
 Sydney Cape Breton. [Macoun k Burgess.) ^lagdalen Islands, Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence. (J.Richardson.) PictouCo., N.S. {McKay.) Swampy 
 places, Bass Eiver, Frederic-ton, and Norton, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) 
 Point Secht^, Gaspe coast, Q. {Macoun.) St. Sauveur, Quebec city- 
 (St. Cyr.) Eiver Richelieu, at Dorchester, Q. (C. F. McCrea.) Mer 
 Bleue, near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very common in marshes 
 and swamps throughout central Ontario, and westward to Owen Sound, 
 Georgian Bay; and north-westerly to Nipigon River, at Red Rock, 
 and west to Lake of the Woods. {Macoun.) Lako Mistassini, N.E.T. 
 (</. M. Macoun.) Red River prairie, and Souris Valley, Man. {Dawson.) 
 Canada to Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) Marshes along the various 
 streams in the praiiie region, and west to Calgary, on tho B(nv 
 River. {Macoun.) Lakes Superior and Huron, and Methy Portage. 
 {Hichordson.) ^ 
 
 (2680.) C. monile, Tuckcrman, Enum. Meth. 20, (1843.) 
 a Vaseyi, Dew. Sill. Journ. 2d. Ser. XXIX., 347,(1860.) 
 Not uncommon in ditches and along stream.?. Glenelg, Guysboro 
 Co., N.S. {Faribault.) Pictou, N.S.; St. John, N.B. {Burgess.) Wet 
 places, at Bass River, and Fredericton; also Salmon Rivei'; borders of 
 Lake Elsie, Richibucto, N.B {Fowler, Cat.) ^lolfatt's Island, o])po- 
 site Montreal. {C. F. McCrea.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) 
 Rather common in all the river bottoms in central Ontario, from 
 Belleville ',v< wiwd to Owen Solind, and north-westerly to the Long 
 Portage, Nipigon River, and along Current Kiver, near Port Arthur, 
 Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N. IvT. ; Severn River 
 Keewatin. (J. M. Macoun.) ^lichipicotin River, Ont. {B. Bell.) 
 Valley of the Columbia, at Donald, B.C. {31acoun.) 
 
 (2681.) C. vesicaria, Linn. Sp. PI. 9T9, (1T53.) 
 
 We iiave seen no specimens which we can name true C. venicaria. 
 Northern British Columbia. {Rothrcck vide Baih'ij.) Sitka, and Kotzc- 
 buo Sound. {Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 Var. major, B.xttt, Hook., Fl. II., 221, (1840.) 
 
 Valley of the Eraser, at Ladners Landing, B.C. {Fletcher.) Aliun- 
 dant in marshes and by rivers at Victoria, Nanaimo, Qualicum, and 
 especially at Sproai; Lake, near Alberni, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
172 
 
 GEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA, 
 
 (2(;82.) C. Tuckermani, Boott, Hook., Journ. Bot. V., 73, (iSitJ.) 
 
 C. bullata, Dew. Sill. Joiirn. IX., 71, (1825); Hook., Fl. II., 221. 
 C Tmkermani, var. cylindricn, Dew. Sill. Journ. XIjIV., 48, (1845.) 
 C, cylindr'tca, Carey, Gray, Man. 56(i, (1848.) 
 
 Kathor common in some localitio-^ i^i-owint^ in largo clumps, mostly 
 in wutor. Nowfountlland. (Reeks.) Wet bank of Bass Eivoi-, Kent 
 Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Nun's Island, Montreal. (C. F. McCrea.) 
 Nation River, and plentiful in all low grounds near Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott) Wet ground, Proscott, Ont. (Billings.) Abundant in wet 
 spots around Belleville, and westward in central Ontario ; Port Dover 
 Junction, and near St, Thomas, Elgin Co., Ont. (Macoiin.) Swamps 
 near London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 (Logic.) Poi-t Colborne, Lake Kric. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Canada to 
 Norway Hou.so. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2C83.) C. retrorsa, Schweinitz, An. Tab. (1823.) 
 C. rcrersa, Sprengl. Syst. Veg. III., 827. 
 ^larsliy places and by ditches ; rather common. Marshes at Truvo, 
 and Annapolis, N.S. (Macoun.) Common in wet places at Bass River. 
 Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) CampboUton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Rivit^re 
 du Loup, Q. (Pickering.) RccoUct Swamp, near Montreal. (C. F. 
 McCrea.) Sugar Bush, and Bcvin's lakes, Montcalm Co., Q. (D' Urban.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very common at Prescott, 
 Ont. (Billings,) Very abundant throughout central Ontario, and 
 westward to Owen Sound, and north-westerly to Lake Nipigon and 
 south to Port Arthur and Port William, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Swampy flat, London, Ont. 
 (Burgess. Millman.) Obn Lake, Ont, (R. B'll.) Apparently quite 
 rare in the "ocky Mountains, only noticed at honald, Columbia Valley. 
 (Macoun. J -;iskatc^evvan. (Bourgeau.) CumU'rlandHouso to the Rocky 
 Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Lake of the Woods, and Winnipeg River. 
 (Richardson.) 
 
 Var. Hartii, Gray, Man, Ed. V., 600, (IStiS.) 
 
 C. Hartii, and var. Bmdleyii, Dew. Sill .Journ. 2d. Ser. XLI., 226, (1886) 
 C. Miicmmii, Pew. Sill. Journ. XLI., 2d. Ser. 228, (l,S(i6.) 
 
 Abundant in ponds at Stirling, Hastings Co. ; and in Tudor, and 
 Marmora, Xoith Hastings ; also on F. Macnun's farm, Seymour, Nor- 
 thumberland Co., Ont., 18(;4. 1 agree with Prof. Bailey in placing 
 this under var. Hartii, Gray, wlierc I believe it properly belongs. 
 Prof Dewey thought it might be new. but suggested C. Hart-i as it- 
 next of kin. 
 
CATALOGIE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 173 
 
 (2(181.) C. tentaculata, Muhl. (1805); Hook., Fl. II., 222 ; Tiirsh, 
 FI.I., 40, (1811.) 
 
 a rostrnta, VVilld. Sp. PI. IV., 282, (1805.) 
 
 C. tentacnlala. var. rostrata, I'ursh, Fl. I., 41, (1814.) 
 
 C. Purshii, Olney, Exsicc. I., 30, (1870.) 
 
 Wet grounds by rivci-H an<l pondH ; not rare. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) 
 Ditche.s, AnnapoliH, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Abundant along the 
 shoi-e, Bass Eiver bridge, Kent Co., X.B. (Foivler, Cat.) Chipman, 
 N.B. (Wetmore.) St. Sauvenr, near Quebec. (St. Cijr.) Quebec. 
 (W. L. Shepperd.) Nation Eiver, noai Ottawa. (Fletcher, F I. Ott.) 
 Presqu'ile Point, Lake Ontario; abundant at Moore's Lake, Gull Ei.-ei-, 
 Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.) "Woods near Hamilton, Ont, (Logic.) 
 Port Cockburn, Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) 
 
 X X X Pseudocypenr, Bailey, Carex, Syn. OH. 
 
 (2(;85.) C. Schweinitzii, Dew. Sill. .Tourn. IX., G8, (1825.) 
 
 A very distinct and beautiful species. Very rare in Canada. Xow- 
 foundland. (Reehs.) In damp, newly-cleared land, near Grafton, 
 Noi-thumberland Co., Ont., 1800. Never observed by mo since. 
 (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Lojie.) 
 
 I., 43, (1814); 
 
 (2086.) C. hystricina, Mubl. (1805) ; Pursh, Fl. 
 Hook., Fl. II., 222. 
 
 C. Cookiji, Dew. Sill. Journ. XLVIII.. 144, (1845.) 
 
 C. Georgianii, Dew. Sill. Journ. 2d. Ser. VI., 245, (1848.) 
 
 C. Thurberi, Dew. Bot. Mex. Bound. 232, (1859.) 
 
 Abundant by springs and in wet meadows and marshes. New- 
 foundland. (Reeki.) Wet meadows at Annapolis, and CapeBlomidon, 
 N.S. ; also Badtleck, Cape Breton, (Macoun.) Lily Lake, and YVels- 
 ford, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Long Lake, St. John Co., N.B. (Tfay.) 
 Murray Bay, and St. Andrews, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very common around Prescott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Abundant in boggy meadows throughout central Ontario, 
 and westward to Owen Sound, and northwestward to Port Arthur, ami 
 northward to Blackwater Eiver, Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) North 
 shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) 
 Swamps near London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Bosanquot, Lake 
 Huron. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Medicine Hat, Alberta. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 Not uncommon throughout the prairie region, north of lat. 52"-'. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
174 
 
 QEOLOaiOAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 (2G8t.) C. Pseudo-Cyperus, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I,, 44 ; Hook., 
 Fl. II., 222, (18-10.) 
 
 Not uncommon in mai-Hlios and swamps, in woods and by broolvs in 
 tlio clearings. Truro, Annapolis, and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Fre- 
 quent along the borders of lakes iind in ditches in Kent Co.; Long 
 Lake, St. JoLn Co., and McAdam Junction, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Marsh near Campbcllton, N.Ji. ; marshes, Caspt? coast, Q. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinitj' of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Wot gi-ounds, Presoott 
 Junction, Ont. (BilUnys.) Swamps and stagnant pools, in clumj)8, 
 very common throughout central Ontario, and westward to Owen 
 Snund, Geoi'gian Bay. (Macoun.) Swamp, near London, Ont. (Burgess. 
 Millman.) Eainy Tiivor, nortli-westoi'n Ontario, (Burgess.) Muskeg 
 Ci-eek, Lake Winnipeg, Man. (./, M. Macoun.) Cumberland House, 
 Saskatchewan Eiver. (Hooker, Fl.) Bat Portage, Winnipeg River. 
 Bourgeau.) Marsh, Lake of the AVoods. (Dawson.) 
 
 Var. comosa, W. Boott, Bot. Calif. IL, 252, (1880.) 
 
 C.furcata, Ell. Sk. Bot. II., 552. 
 
 C. Pscvdo-Cypcrm, Schw. & Torr., Car. Men. 355, (1825.) 
 
 C. como.m, Boott, Linn. Trans. XX., 117, (1845) ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1973. 
 
 Bare in Canada or seldom collec'.ed. Newfoundland. (Reeks.) St. 
 Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Lakeville, N.B. (Brittain.) Wet grounds 
 near Pi-escott, Ont. (Billings.) Big Swamp, Murray, Northumber- 
 land Co.; Weller's Bay, Lake Ontario. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. (Logic.) Swamps, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 (2688.) C. trichocarpa, Muhl. (1800); Hook., Fl. H., 222. 
 
 C. striata, C&Tey, Gray, Man. Ed. I., 5G1, (1848.) 
 
 C. trichocarpa, var. lurbinata, Dew. Sill. Journ. XI., 159, (1827.) 
 
 Rare in Canada. Bog near Picton, Prince Edward Co., meadows 
 along Crow River, Marmora, Hastings Co , Ont. (Macoun.) British 
 America. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. Deweyi, Bailey, Bot. Gaz. X., 293, (1885.) 
 
 C. Ixvi-conica, Dew. Sill. Journ. 2d. Ser., XXIV., 47, (1857.) 
 
 Abundant in the bod of Thunder Creek, west of Moose Jaw, and in 
 Swift Current Valley, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) Brandon, Man. (Prof. 
 Fowler.) 
 
OATALOOUE OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 175 
 
 Var. ariStata, Bailey, Bot. Gaz. X., 293, (1885.) 
 
 C. (trhlatn, R. Br. ; Huok., Fl. IF., 222, (1840) ; Macoun, Cat. No. 1958. 
 
 (.'. aUiiroden, Sprengl. Syst. Voj;. III., 828. 
 
 C. orlhoMachiis, ('. iNIoyer, l'"l. Alt. IV., 2151. 
 
 C. aristalti var. lonijo-luiicKitu, Dow. Sill. .Journ. XVII f., 102, (1854.) 
 
 Marshes along the Grand Trunk Railway, three miles east and five 
 miles west of Belleville, Ont., and in low boggy places, Crow Eivor, 
 close to the bridge at Marmora, Hastings Co., Ont. {Macoun.) Wet 
 ground near the Ottawa and Proscott Kailway, Prcscott, Ont. (Billings.) 
 Lakes Superior and Huron. (Richardson.) Along the Kaministi(jua 
 Eiver twenty miles from Lake Superior; vovy abundant throughout 
 the whole prairie region, and extending north to Peace River and 
 Lake Athabasca, to the base of the Rocky Mountains at Morloy, 
 and in the Columbia Vallov sit Donald. {Macoun.) Nelson River, 
 Keewatin, {E. Bell.) Cumioiiand House, and Fort Carleton, on the 
 Saskatchewan. {Hoo/;er, Fi ) This Care.ii: pi'oduces mucli of the marsh 
 hay of the prairie region, and in summer is the chief food of Indian 
 ponies. It nevei' grows in brackish marshes, and all ponds whei'e 
 it grows have good water the whole season. 
 
 Dr. Gray and Prof. Bailey place C. mirata, Dewey, under this 
 variety, but 1 think they are in error, as it has not the characters 
 which separate this form from the species, but rather those of variety 
 imberbif, I believe, however, it is a distinct vaiiety. An examination 
 of Prof. Dewe3''s Herbarium will decide this, as he had many speci- 
 mens of it, collected by myself at Belleville, Ont., over twenty years 
 ago. Indeed, tiie probabilities arc that both C. Bella-villa and C. mirata 
 equal C. livida, var. divenjens, Bailey. 
 
 (2689.) C. Alaskana, Bceckeler, Engler's Bot. Jahrb. VIL, Pt. 
 
 IIL, 277, (188G.) 
 
 Alaska. {Krause.) Specimens referred by Arthur Bennett, F.L.S., 
 ■with doubt to this species, were gathered in damp woods on the left 
 bank of the Red Deer Rivet', about a mile and a half above the mouth, 
 at the head of Lake Winnepegoosis, Man., 1881. {Macoun.) 
 
 Addendum to Cyperaceas. 
 
 (2690.) Scirpus Clintonii, Gray, Ed. V., 561. 
 
 S. planifoliu.". Mulil. ; Torr. Bot. N. York II., 351, in part. 
 
 A rare species in Canada ; only known from New Brunswick, but 
 will likely be found along Lake Erie. Madawaska ; Dideguash, St. 
 Patrick, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 
116 
 
 OEOLOaiCAIi 8URVET OF CANADA. 
 
 (L'C!»1.) 8. riparius, Sprenj,', Fl. Au8tr. VII., 327. 
 S. pnyrnmiK, Grny, I'mced, Am. Acad. VII., 327. 
 S. 8(t(iccu», Linn. vivr. Unckeler, Linnrea, XXXVI., 500. 
 IsoLpis riparia, R. Br. ; Hook., f. Fl. Tasm. 11., 80. 
 /. leplocaulif, Terr. Pacif. K. Rep. IV., 153. 
 
 In l)oggy spots, reached liy liigli tides, at Boacnn Hill, noiir Vic- 
 toria; uIho in wilt marshes, below Alborni, on the west coast of Van- 
 couver island. (^Macoun.) 
 
 CXVIII. GRAMINEiE. (Grass Family.) 
 
 673. BECK MANIA, Host. Gram. Aust. III., 6. 
 
 (2C92.) B. erucaeformis, Host. var. uniflorus, Scribner. 
 
 Quite common in wet and overflowed gi-ounds throughout the prairie 
 1 egion, extending oast to Port Arthur, on the railway and west to 
 Castle Mountain, in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Souris Plain, 
 Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) Milk River Ridge, N.W.T., and west 
 fork of that river, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Wood Mountain, 
 Alberta. (Burgess.) Lake Mistassini, X.E.T.; Severn Eiver, Kee- 
 watin. (J. At. Macoun.) Moose Factory, James Bay. {Cottar & Dr. 
 Hayden.) Hayes, and Chuichill i-ivers, Hudson Ba}'. {R. Bell.) High 
 BluflF, Man. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Kmerson, Man. ; and Medicine Hat, 
 Alberta. (Prof. Fowler) Red River, Man., 1826. (Douglas.) Gris- 
 wold, Man. (Rev, W. A. Burman.) 
 
 674. PANICUM. Linn. Gen. 90. (PANIC GRASS.) 
 
 (2G9.3.) P. agrostoides, Spreng. ; Torr., Fl. N. York II., 429. 
 
 P. elongatum, Pursli, Fl. I., 69. 
 
 Common in clumps along Sproat Lake, six miles from Alberni, west 
 coast of Vancouver Island, 1887. \^Macoun.) Although collected in 
 August, the specimens are not more than half grown. There is no 
 doubt of it being indigenous, as there are no settlements where it was 
 found 
 
OATALOaUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 177 
 
 {2C,<M.) P. capillare, Linn.; Michx,, Fl. I., 47 i Puphli, Fl, I,, 07 ■, 
 Jlook., Fl. Il.,2;i(;. 
 
 Almiidiint in uiiltivuttHl i\vUU ami wusto places. Truro, and Wiiul.sor, 
 X.H. (Macoun.) A wood in ,y:iii'dnii.s aii<l cultivated grounds, N.I{. 
 (Fowler, Cot.) Lolwlor Muy, iiml St. Ciuii'lcs liivor, (^. (6V. Cyr.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Conimou at I'lvscott, Out. 
 (liillinys.) Abundant tlirouu;iiout eontral Ontarin, aini wcHtward to 
 I'ort Aflliiii', Lalto Supofior. (^^acoun.) Vicinity of naniilton, Ont. 
 (Loijie.) Fioldn at London, and Tonmto, (liiiryess.) Waste places, 
 Kingrtton, Ont. {Millman.) \Va>ii iw i>ay, Laito Winnipeg. (./. M. 
 Macoun.) (^uito eoniinon along streams througliout the praii'io region ; 
 observed only at Stamp Hiver Falls, neai' Sproat Lake, Alberni. Van- 
 couver Island. (Macuiin.) Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 Lytton, B.C. (Hill.) SasUatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2(i95.) P. CRirs-QALLi, Linn.; Michx., I''l. !., It;; Piirsli, Fl. !., Cd ; 
 Macoun, Cat, No. 225s. 
 
 OpUsmaim Crm-Gulli, Kuntli; Hook., Fl. II., 2;>(i. 
 Usually along ditelies and about barns in cultivated ground. Pictou, 
 X.S. (Macoun. McKay.) A very variable atid tnublesomo weed about 
 barnyards and gardens. X.B. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Cliai'los River, (|Jue- 
 bcccity. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Utt.) Very 
 common ai'ound Prescott, Ont. (Billini/s.) Abundant in barnyards 
 and ditches in the swttlod parts of Ontario, westward to Owen Sound. 
 (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Abundant around 
 London, Ont. (Burcjess. Milbnan.) West llideau Lake, Ont. (Porter.) 
 
 Var. hispidum, Fll. Sk. l, 114. 
 
 P. muricatum, Michx., Fl. I., 47. (?) 
 
 P. mUtcri, Pursh, Fl. I., 0(;. 
 
 Oplmiiinvji muricatus, Kuntli ; Hook., Fl. IF, 230. 
 Rather uncimiraon but apparently indigenous. Along the Nation 
 River, at Cassolman. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) In alluvium along the 
 Salmon River, above Shannonville, Hastings Co.. Ont. (Macoun.) 
 Point F]d\vard, River St. Clair, Ont. (./. M. Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Distinguished chieHy from the species by 
 the voiy hispid sheaths of the leaves. 
 
 (2696.) P. depauperatum, Muhl. Gram. 112. 
 
 p. rectum, Rcem. & Schultz. ; Hook., Fl. II., 235. 
 P. inrolutum, Torn, Fl. I., 147. 
 Dry sandy or rocky ground ; rather rare. Xewfoundland. (Reeks,) 
 Sandy woodlands, Kingston, N.S. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa; rare. 
 12 
 
^, 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^\1 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 h 
 
 /q 
 
 <. *<i 
 
 /- 
 
 % 
 
 v. 
 
 
 f.^" 
 % 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 Iff 1*5 IM 
 I ^ IB 
 
 t us 110 
 
 18 
 
 
 |l.25 u 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 ^ 6" — 
 
 
 ► 
 
 w 
 
 'm 
 
 /: 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 y 
 
 
 /i 
 
 W 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 4^ 
 
 ,-\ 
 
 4 
 
 
 <> 
 
 » 
 
 o^ 
 
 <> 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14S80 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 :/. 
 
 % 
 
 O^ 
 
P""r 
 
 178 
 
 OEDLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 h 
 
 V%. 
 
 {Fletcher, Fl.Ott.) Huckloberry Rapids, Al•^renlcuil C«).,(i. (D' Urban.) 
 (Jnind Trunk j^ruvol ])it, iieiir Prcpicott, Ont. (Billinys.) yovy abuii. 
 dant on Laiirontian rocks, at SlianiiDnville. and on tlio liank of tlu> 
 Tront, alnjve tho railwu}' l)ridgo, neai- Trenton, Hastings C'o., Ont.; dry 
 places lit Owen Sound ; up tho Kaininisti(|ua. near Kakahcka Falls. 
 and on Pie Island, Lake Sujterior. (Macouii.) Vicinity of London, 
 Ont. {Burgess. MlHtnan.) Dry banks, iraniilton. Ont. {Loyie.) Plains 
 of the .Saskatchewan. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2007.) P. dichotomum, Linn.; Pursli, Fl. I., (57. 
 
 Hathur coniinon in dry or <l:imp thickets and meadows. The typical 
 form is tho P. noiUlloruui, Lam., and is chictly found in meadows and 
 on rocks. Newfoundland. {Jieeks.) Common at Medford. N.S. (MacMJi.) 
 (ileneig, (iuysboro Co., N.S. {Faribault.) Indrylields and woods, Kent 
 Co., N.R (Furler, Cat.) (^iclicc. (St.Ci/r.) Hanks of the Kivicre 
 Eou^e, Argcnteuil (ak, i}. {D'Urban.) Tadousac, Q. {A. T. Drum- 
 mmd.) Vicinity of Ottawa; common. {Fletcher, FL Off.) Thickets 
 near Prescott, Ont. {BilUni/s.) Abundant on dry sandy soil through- 
 out Ontario, extendini; westward to Owen Sound, and noilh-west to 
 SaultSte. Marie, and around Lake Superior to Thunder Hay. {Macoun.) 
 Port Colborno, Ont. {Mcdill Coll. Jlcrb.) \icinity of iiamiltnii, Ont. 
 {Lo(jie.) London, WnuNor, and Point Pelco, Lake Krio. {Burgess.) 
 Rupert Ifivor, N,K.T. ; Medicine Hal, Alberta. (./. M. ^facoun.) 
 
 Var. nitidum, Lam.; (Jray, Man. lid. V., (J49. 
 
 P. iiitiditm, Lain. ; Miclix., Fl. I., 47; I'ursli, 1"1. I., 07.; Hook.,F!. II., 23.5. 
 
 This is the smootli unbrarK bed form iiiosL frei|UcMtly met with in 
 thickets. St. James, N.B. {Vroom.) Sandy woods, near Helleville, 
 and Owen S lund, Ont. {Afacoun.) Throughout Canaiia to tho Sas- 
 katchewan. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Var. pubescens, Gray, Man. Ed V., tJit). 
 
 7'. ;>ii'x'/iccn«, Lam. ; Miehx., Fl. I., 47; I'nrsli, Fl. 1., 68. 
 P. thermal,, Bolau.l. rrocea. Calif. Aciid. II., 181. 
 
 Leaves and sheaths pubescent. Sandy woods. Point Pel(5e. Lake 
 Krie. (Burgess.) Valley of the Upper Columbia, IW. {Dauson.) 
 On the higher slopes of Mount Dawaon, Rogers Pass, B.C. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2G98.) P. (iLAURiM, Gaud.Agrost. 1., 22. 
 
 IHijitiiriu glabra, Kopm. it- Scluiltz. ; Torr. Fl. I., 154. 
 D. Inchiimum, Sehreb. ; Mulil. Ciram. Til. 
 
 Introduc'd chiefly along railways and waste ground about towns. 
 Truro, and Pictou, N.S. {Macoun.) Fredericton, on the railway track; 
 
' i'rbdn.) 
 ly abuii. 
 k of the 
 nt.; dry 
 u\ Falls. 
 Liniiioii, 
 ) riaius 
 
 t3'Di<'al 
 lows aii<l 
 Mac'un.) 
 mIs, Kent 
 e liivU're 
 r. Drum- 
 ThieUets 
 
 tillDlIJ^ll- 
 
 b-west to 
 
 Macoun.) 
 toil, Ont. 
 Bury ess.) 
 m.) 
 
 Kl. II.,235. 
 
 with ill 
 lollovilic, 
 
 tho Sas- 
 
 (5e, Lake 
 Diiirson.) 
 Macoun.) 
 
 CATAI.oaUE op CANADIAN PLANTS. 179 
 
 Nushwaaksis. Ifainpton, and Salmon River, N.H. (Fowler, Cat.) Point 
 LiH-is, (^ (Mdcoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. ' Fhfcher. Fl. Ott.) Rail- 
 Avny track, two miles west of l^riscoit, Ont., and in a >andy liold near 
 that town. {B>llings.) Waste places at Belleville, and Owen Sound ; 
 on tho railway track at St. Thomas, Chatham, ami Windsor, Ont. 
 (Macoun.) Xeur Kamilton, Ont. ( fjoijii'.) Meadows, roadsides, and 
 lawns, London. Ont. i^Bun/ess. Millman.) 
 
 {'icm.) P. latifolium, Linn.; Michx., Kl. I., 4!t; Ptirsh, Fl. I., (IS; 
 II(»ok., Fl, II., 23r>. 
 
 /'. d'lndiKtinum, II(«»k., Fl. II., 23.'>. 
 Waste /ground. Grand Trunk gravrl pit. near Pre.scott, Ont. {Bil- 
 linijs.) JJich rocky woods and thickets, common in Prince Kdward, 
 Hastings, and .Vorlhumborland (.'o's., Ont.; (Ji-assy woods, .Niagara 
 Falls. (Macoun.) Vicinit}- of Hamilton, Ont (Loijic.) Sandy wood- 
 lands, near London. (Bur'ji'us. Millman.) .lone-" Falls, near Kingston, 
 Ont. (Millman.) (Quebec, and Ontario. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2700.) P, laxiflorum, Lam.; Piirsh, yi. L, 08. 
 
 SniJill sjK'fimens of this species have been sent from St. Stephen, 
 N.H., by Ml', .lames Vroom. They are, althongh very small, identical 
 with others received trom l>r. Vasey, I}otaiii>t Agricultural J)epart- 
 ment. Washington. 
 
 (i'701.) P. microcarpum, Mul 
 
 ii. var, 
 
 sphaerocarpon, Vasoy. 
 
 ut towns. 
 ly track ; 
 
 J', tlicholumitm, var. i>}>lt:iriicitriinv>, (iray. 
 In thickets on dry hillsides, near Wind.xor, N.S., 1883. (Macoun & 
 Buriji'si.) All the various tonus wliich have hitherto passed as F. 
 ilichotomum should he carefully examined and compared with authentic 
 .■<])ecimen8 as there is no doubt but we have more Ibrnis than are here 
 recorded. 
 
 (2702.) P. pauciflorum, Hll.; (iray, Man. Kd. V., 048. 
 
 Open prairie. Kmer>on, Man. ( Bar<ic-<s. Millman.) Swampy prairie, 
 lied Eiver, .Man. (Datcson.) 
 
 (2703.) P. SANoriNALE, Linn. Sp. PI. T., 55. 
 
 Digitnria ninitjiiinal' , Miflix., I"l. I. 4"); I'lirsli, Fl. I., 09. 
 
 SipithirinDi't priicnx, Walt. Fl. Car. 7ii. 
 Fields, roadsides, and railway tracks, sjiaringly introduced. Vicinity 
 of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Banks of the St. Lawrence, west of Pres- 
 cott, Ont. (Billiwjs.) Common ai (iueenston and Niagara. (AUacoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Loijie.) Waste places at London, and 
 Point Poleo, Ont. (Bur<jess.) Roadside, Port Dover, Ont. (Millman.) 
 
 ^ 
 
180 
 
 (lEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 1* 
 
 74 
 
 ('-'704.) P. SCOparium, Lam. Kncyd. IV. 
 
 /'. jMUciflornm, Ell. {'!) ; (Jray, Man. Ed. V., 648. 
 Spnrini^ly colloctetl on Point IVii'o, Lake Krio. {liurget^s.) Spcnce's 
 Britlf^o, ll.C. (Fletcher.) Abiimiant at Long Lake, near Dopartiiro 
 Hoy, shoroH ofSliawiiigan and II«»fno Lakes, and common at Alborui, 
 on the west coast of Vancouver lisland. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2705.) P. virgatum, Linn.; Miclix., Tl. I., 352; Pursh, Fi. I., 07; 
 Uook., FI. II., 2:{5. 
 Sandy shorus of rivers and lakes. Sands of Prosqirilo Point, Lake 
 Ontario; shores of lied and Chicken Hays, Lake Jliiron. (Afaioun.) 
 Port Colborne, Lake Krie. (McGiU Coll. Herh.) I'oint aux Pins, 
 Lake Krie. {Hurijess.) IScd l»cor IJivor, north of Porcupine Mountain, 
 Man.; sand hills, at the source of tiie (^a'Appollo River, Assiniboia. 
 (Macoun.) Lake Ifuron, and Saskatchewan. {/i<joker, /•'/.) J{cd Kivor, 
 Man., 182G. (Ihuijtds.) 
 
 (2700.) P. xanthophysum, Gray, Gram. & Cyp. I., 20; llook., 
 Fl. II., 2:55. 
 Ratlioi' rare in open, rocky, or sandy woods. Vicinity of Ottawa. 
 {Fletcher, F'l. Ott.) Fields near the Grand Trunk grave! pit, Prescott, 
 Ont. (Billinijs.) J >ry thickets and meadows, east of Helleville; very 
 common ; also on Rice Lake Plains, and at Port Dover Junction, 
 Unt. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Loyie.) Port Colborne, 
 Lake Krie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) La Cloche, Trading Post, Geoi-gi.m 
 Bay. (R. Bell.) Sandy soil, twenty miles up the Kaministiqua, west 
 of Lake Superior ; not uncommon in thickets along the Assiniboine, as 
 far west as Fort Ellice, Man. (Macoun.) 1 Mains of the Saskatchewan, 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 
 674. 8ETARIA, Beauv. (BRISTLY FOXTAIL-GRASS. 
 
 (2707.) 8. ai.AtCA, Beauv. ; Hook., Fl. II,, 230. 
 
 J'anicum (jlaucutn, Linn. ; Miclix., Fl. I,, 46; Pursh, 1"1. I., (iti. 
 Pcnnim'tum yluucum, It. Br., Frodr. 1!I5. 
 
 Naturalised in cultivated grounds, and on waste jdaces about towns 
 and cities. A common weed in gardens and maimred ground, Bass 
 River, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Remi, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Point 
 liOvis, Q. (Macoun.) Quebec city. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity of Ottawa 
 {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings,) Abun- 
 dant in all cultivated grounds near barns, and on waste lots in viilageb 
 
 !i 
 
OATALOOfE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 181 
 
 SpCllCc'8 
 
 Do pa ill I ro 
 it Alborui, 
 
 ,F1. I., 07; 
 
 'oint, Lako 
 {Maroan.) 
 aux Pins, 
 Mountain, 
 Awsiniboia. 
 J{e(i Rivor, 
 
 20; Hook., 
 
 of Ottawa, 
 [, Prescott, 
 ville; very 
 ■ Junction, 
 ■t Colborne, 
 t, Georgi.ui 
 tiqua, west 
 niboine, as 
 iatcbewan. 
 
 3RASS.) 
 
 in central Ontario, and wostwanl to Owen Sound. {Macoun.) Waste 
 lotH and gardens, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Fieldg near London, Ont. 
 {Bitrijess, Millman.) SaHkatehewan. (^Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 '2708.) 8. Italica, Kunth ; <i ray. Man. KaI. V., (mO. 
 
 Introduced and cultivated, but Hpontanouus for Home years after. 
 Vacant lot«, Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Common on waste lots, Ottawa. 
 {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Freiiuent in vacant lots about towns and vil- 
 lages in central Ontario. {Afacoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Logic.') Old tiolds, London, Ont. {Burgess, Mitlman.) 
 
 (2709.) 8. VEUTiciLLATA, Beauv. ; Gray, Man. E<1. V., 040. 
 Panictim verticilldtum, Willd. ; Pursh, Fl. I., G<>. 
 Waste places near dwellings; not common. Pictou Co., N.S. (Som- 
 mers, Cat.) On ballast at St. John, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Not rare in 
 cultivated ground around Bcileville, Ont.; tields at Owen Sound; 
 waste lots, Toronto. {Mflcoiin.) Roadside near Montreal. {Fletcher.) 
 Fields and roadsides, Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) 
 
 (2710.) 8. viRiDis, Beauv. Agrost. 51. 
 
 ranicum nride, Linii. ; I'lirsh, Fl. I., <(0. 
 J't-numtuin riruk, R. Br. Prodr. l!)."). 
 
 Xaturalizetl in cultivated grounds. Very common everywhere in 
 the settled districts. Grand Lake, Halifax Co., X.S. (Sommers, Cat.) 
 Gai-dens and cultivated grounds, Bass River, X.B. (Fotvlcr, Cat.) 
 Vacant lots, Quebec. {St. Cyr.) Point Levis, Q. (Macoun.) Very 
 abundant about Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very common at Prcs- 
 cott, Ont. (Billings.) Abundant in all cultivated ground throughout 
 central Ontario. (Macoun.) Fields and waste places. Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Logie.) Vicinity of London, Ont. ; Emerson, Man. (Burgess.) 
 
 676. CENCHRU8, Linn. (HEDGE-HOG GRASS) 
 
 1)0. 
 
 ibout towns 
 round, Bass 
 ert.) Point 
 of Ottawa 
 i(/s.) Abun- 
 s in villages 
 
 (2711.) C. TRiHUl.oiDE.s, Linn.; Michx., Fl. L. til ; Pursh, Fl. L, GO. 
 
 C. fc/iimitw, Mnhl.; Torn, Fl. I., <I8. 
 C. t'arohmanun, Walt., Fl. Car. "H. 
 
 Introduced along railways in a few localities. Tircat Western Rail- 
 way, a mile east of Dundas, Ont. (Log'e.) Port Colborne, Lake Erie. 
 (McGill Coll. Herb.) Point Pcl«?e. and Point aux Pins, Lake Erie. 
 {Burgess.) Sandy shore, near Leamington, Essex Co.. Ont. (Pearson.) 
 
182 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 '^ 
 
 Si 
 
 i. 
 
 070. 8PARTINA, ftchreb. <CORD-QRASS) 
 
 (2712.) 8. oynosuroidea, Willd. Kmim. I.. SO; Hook., Fl. II.. 241'. 
 
 S.poljinlachijd, Hf)ok., I'l. II., L'42. 
 Diictiilif ciinoturoidt*, Linn. Sp. I., 71. 
 Triirhijnotia c;ivomr<>idi», Michx., Fl. I., 04. 
 Limmli* p;in»i>nroidif, Pursli, Fl. I., 5'K 
 
 Abundniit in frosh and wilt-water marshes and by rivers. Marsh at 
 Truro. N.S. {Campbell.) Oyster Marsh, N.S. (McaUl Coll. Herb.) 
 rictoii. N.S. (J/cA'a//.) Marshes at Annapolis, and Windsor, X.S., and 
 Baddock, Capo liroton. (Maroun \ Jiunjess.) Marshes, espi'oialiy near 
 thofoast, Kent Co., X.li. (Fouler, Cat.) Salt Lake. Anticosti, and at the 
 mouth ol'tho itestiyoiichc, (J. (Macoun.) Pentecost J{iver. Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 St. Romi, and Montreal Mountain, (^ (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity 
 of" Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) IJiver Trent, at Trenton, and Woi- 
 lor's Bay, Lake Ontario; not iincr)nunon alonu; the still waters of the 
 Trent and (tuU rivers, in central Ontario. (Macoun.) Moon River, 
 Muskoka, and London, Ont. (IJun/ess.) North shore of Lake Superior. 
 (Agassis.) lli^h Blutt", Man. i Med ill Coll. He. 'i.) Moose Mountain 
 Orcek, Assiniboia. (J, M. Miiroun.) Souris River, Man. (Millman.) 
 Very abundant in marshes throuj^hout Manitoba and north-westwai-d 
 to the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Rod River prairie, Man., l.S2(;. 
 (Douglas.) Saskatchewan to Little Slave Lake. (Hooker, Fl.) Win- 
 nipeg, and Northwest Angle Road ; east of the Souris River, Man. 
 (Dauson.) ; 
 
 (2713.) 8. gracilis, Trin.; Steud. (rram. 214. 
 
 Very abundant in salt marshes throughout the whole prairie region. 
 It is seldom tall, and is usually cut for hay. Old Wives Lakes, Red 
 Doer Lakes, and the prairie south of JJattleford. (Macoun.) Wood 
 Mountain, A8sinil>oia. (Millman. Dauson.) 
 
 (2714.) 8. Juncea, Willd. Knum. I., 81. 
 
 Tniclii/uotid juncai, Miohx., Fl. I., (i4. 
 I,imnf ti> juHcc'i, Pers.; Pursh, Fl. I., 59. 
 
 Salt marshes at Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Salt marshes, Koudiibou- 
 guac, and Richibucto, N B. (Fouler, Cat.) Marshes, Yarmouth, N.S. 
 (Macoun.) Newfoundland. (Eeek.<.) Margaret's Bay, N.S. (Millman, 
 Herb.) Salt marshes, Bic, Q. (Fringle.) 
 
CATAI.OOKE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 188 
 
 IS) 
 
 II.. 24: 
 
 C-'7ir).) 8. polystachya, WilM.; ilouk.. Fl. II., 242, inpnrt. 
 
 f'aimda. (Hooker, Fl.) .Mii^'dnlcii Uiamis, X.S. (McKin/.) Wo 
 stroii^'ly Mispuct tliiit those rercronces lioloiii; to S. rynnsuruidis. Tiio 
 i-c>inarU' in Gray's .Manual that S. cynosuroides is only a fiu'sh-watoi' 
 >|)e(it's. is not hoi-n** out by tho facts, as all my oastorn spocinions 
 were ^atliorctl in bracki-h niarslios, and certainly the awn and other 
 distinctive characters wore just as well marked as in tho specimena 
 from the Great Lakes. 
 
 Marsh at 
 'oil. Herh.) 
 ; N.S., and 
 cially near 
 , and at the 
 . {St. (>.) 
 Vicinity 
 
 and Wol- 
 ers of the 
 aoiv River, 
 
 Suporioi'. 
 
 1 Mountain 
 {Millman.) 
 1- westward 
 [an., 1820. 
 Fl.) Win- 
 
 vor, Man. 
 
 rie region, 
 akos, Eed 
 n.) Wood 
 
 voudiibou- 
 
 louth, N.S. 
 
 {Mitlman, 
 
 (27 HI.) 8. Stricta, K'oth. var. glabra, Gray, Man. VA. V., (128 
 
 Salt marshes. Haddock, Cape Jiietun, (Bunjcss.) Marshes, Pietou, 
 N.S. (McKay.) 
 
 A'ar. alterniflora, (nay. .Nfan. Fid. V., <;20. 
 
 Newfoundland. (/)'reh.) I'icton, N.S. (Mrh'ay.) Salt marshes, 
 Kichibucto. X.M. (Foivlci; C<il.) Salt marsh, nearly at low tide. Kllis 
 Hay, Anticosti. (Macoitn.) Margaret's Hay, N.S. (M'llman, Herb.) 
 Salt marsh, Lower St. Lawrence. (Prinyle.) Caconna, Q. {Biir<jess, 
 Herb.) 
 
 677. ZIZANIA, Linn. Gen. 10)12. (WILD RICE.) 
 
 (27 IT.) Z. aquatica, Linn.; Pursb, Fl. L, <J0. 
 
 /. davuldtd, Miclix., l"l. I., 75. 
 
 Hijdropiirum ercuhntum, Link.; Hook., Fl. II.,2;!3. 
 
 Very abundant in many marshes and lakes throughout Ontario. 
 Abumlant in water at IFampton, and other places in King's Co.; not 
 rare at Salmon River, X.H. {Fowler, Cat.) Hoauport, (^ ; and Island 
 of Orleans. {St. Cyr.) St. Andrews, t^. (.Afcd ill Coll. Herb.) llovders 
 of rivers and brooks, near Ottawa. (Fleteker, Fl. <Ht.) N'ory abundant 
 in the Hay of (^uinto, and Jlice Lake, and throughout the whole length 
 of the Trent and all its tributaries; common in marshes all around tho 
 Groat Lakes, and nine miles west of I'ort William, Thunder Hay. 
 (Macoun.) Maish at the mouth of the ^lississaugi River, (Jeorgian 
 J{ay. {R. Hell.) Marshes, Hurlington Hay. Hamilton, Ont. {Loi/ie.) 
 Marshes at Kingston, and I'icton, Ont. {Milbnan.) Toronto nuirsb. and 
 Point au.\ Pins, Lake Erie. {Bunjess.) Lake of the Woods, Rosseau 
 River, Man. {Bunjiss. Dawson.) Lake Huron. (Hooker, Fl.) New- 
 tbundland. {Jteeks.) 
 
184 
 
 OEOLOOICAL 8DRVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 678. LKKR8IA, Swartz. (WHITE GRASS.) 
 
 1 ' 
 
 (2718.) L. Oryzoides, SwiMt/,. ; I'lirsh. Kl. I., 62; IIrx»k.,Fl. II., 23;{. 
 
 PhtiUiri* oryzoidtf, I, inn. Sp. 1., 5I>. 
 Ai>i>rvUtt orijzoiilet, Lam. III. No. 858. 
 
 Truro, and Windsor, N.S. {Macoun.) NVet banks of streamH, Bass 
 ]{ivcr, N.IJ (Fouler, Cat.) Cliarlotto and ("arlctonCo's.. N.H. (Vroori.) 
 King's Co., N.l{. (Rrittain.) Aylmor. (^ ; raro near Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Conway's Crook ; vorj* common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) 
 Low marshy moadows and ditches; common throughout central 
 Ontario. {Macoun.) Marshes. Hamilton, Out. (Loijie.) Shallow water. 
 London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. 
 (Hooker, 7*7.) Newfoundland, (^lieeks.) 
 
 (2710.) L. Virglnica, Willd. ; lloi.k., Fl. II., 233. 
 Aij)reUa Viririnica, Ku in. iV: Sclmltz. Syst. II., 2(50. 
 Swaraps in wet, shady woods, evidently rare in Ontario. Vicinity 
 of Ottawa. (Fletc/ier, Fl. Ott.) Near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Shallow 
 ■water, near London, Out, {Burgess. MUlmnn.) Ontario. {Goldie.) 
 Newfoundland. (Reeka.) 
 
 679. ANDROPOCON, Linn. (Kn. 1145. (BEARD-GRASS.) 
 
 (2720.) A. provincialis, Lam ; Scrihner, Trans. Kansas Acad. 
 Sei. IX., IKi. 
 
 A.Jurcaiun, Muhl. ; I'nrah, Fl. I., 75; Hook., Fl. II., 256 ; Macoun, Cat. 
 
 No. 2;;n8. 
 
 llather common in dry, sandy thickets or open woods. Vicinity of 
 Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) ilocky woodlands, west of Brockville, 
 Ont. (Billings.) Sandy Holds and thickets east of liellevillo; very 
 abundant on Bice Lake Plains, and on sandy and gravelly soil all 
 through conti-al Ontai-io, and westwaitl to Lake pj'ie. (^Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic) Port Co1Ij<> ne, Ont. (McGUl 
 Coll. Her h.) Shady woodland, London, Ont. {Burgess. Millman.) Shores 
 of Red Deoi- Biver, near Porcupine Mountain, Man {Macoun.) Hud- 
 son Bay; Lake Huron; Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains. 
 {Hooker, Fl.) Turtle Mountain, Man. {Dawson. Burgess.) Lake of 
 the Woods. {Dawson.) Rod River, Man.. 1820. {Douglas.) 
 
 II 
 
CATAI.OdUE OF CANADIAN IM-ANTS. 
 
 18B 
 
 (2721.) A. SOOpariUS, Mid.x.. V\. I., 57; Pui-hIi, 1-1. I., 74; Hook., 
 Fl. II., 25(1. 
 
 A. puriturtinrenii, Willd, Sp. IV., !tlX 
 
 I'lMinia Kopnria, Spren^r. ; Hum. iS: Scluiltz. Syst. II., 832. 
 
 Dry sandy soil, widel}' ilir.lril)Uloil. Uont iHlami, in Graiul Lake, 
 ^.k' (Fowler, Cat.) Kirk's Fen y, Q. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abun- 
 dant on l{i('0 Lako Plains, and westward to Lakes Rric and Huron. 
 (iVaooim.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (>nt. (^Logie.) Port C'olborne, Ont. 
 (McGill Coll. Herb.) Sandy soil, London, Ont. (liiir(je.Vi. Millmau) 
 KaBt »idi' ot La ("loch« Islaml. (Jeorj^ian Hay. ( li. Bell.) South Antler 
 Crook, Man. (Milhnan.) Abundant in dry spots in Manitoba, and 
 throughout tiic southern prairio ri'fi;ion to(!algarv and Morlev, Alberta. 
 (Macoun.) Hanks of the .^Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Ft.) 
 
 680. CHY80P0C0N, Trin. (WOOD-QRASS.) 
 
 (2722.) C. nutans, Honth. & Hook., Gen. Plant. Iff.. 1135. 
 
 Amlropogon uut<tni>, Linn.; I'lirsli, Fl. I., 74. 
 
 A. arenaceu^ Michx., Fl. I , .oS; I'nrsii, Fl. 1., 74; Hook., Fl. II.. I.'.j7. 
 
 Sorghum nutans, tiray ; Macoiui, Cat. No. 2271. 
 
 Dry sandy wood,s, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Oft.) Rocky wood- 
 laud west of lirockvillo, Ont. ( Rillinfjs.) Hank of the Trent at Ilooly 
 Falls ; common on Rice Lako Plains; alon^ tho Hunibcr and Don, at 
 Toronto, and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, (^nt. 
 (Logic.) London; and J'ort Cockburn, ^[uskoka, Ont. (Burgrss.) 
 .Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) High Hlufl. Man. (McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 
 681. PHALARI8, Linn. (un. 7L (CANARY-GRASS.) 
 
 <2723.) P. arundinacea, Linn.; Miclix., Fl. I., 43; Pursh. Fl. I., 
 65; Hook., Fl. I!.. 234. 
 
 P. Americnna, Torn, Fl. I., 100. 
 CalamagrnHtin coloratn , Nutt., (ien. 1., 46. 
 
 Ill ditches, marshes, and the borders of ponds; common wcstwanl 
 Marshes at Truro, and Annapolis, X.S. ; and at Wliycocomagh, Cape 
 Hroton. (Macoun.) Not uncommon in Carleton Co., and along the St. 
 .lohn Rivor, N.B. (Vroom.) Campbellton, N.H. (Chalmers.) Hecscio 
 River, and Fllis Jiay, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fl-'lcher, 
 
ISC 
 
 OEoLOUICAIi XURVEV OK CANADA. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fl. Ott.) S\vaiii|m; Lomiiioii al I'ithooH, Out. (/iilllmjs.) Uordorn 
 ot'poiuh, inarHlii's, ami hwamps, tlii'nu;r|i<)iit coiitral Ontario, woHtwanl 
 to Owt'ii Sminl, nortli-wcstt'rly to fiuUv N'ijiii^on, aii<l Noiitli to tin- 
 KariiiiiiHti<jua llivt-r. lifti'eii inilos tVoiu il« month. ( Macoun ) Vicin- 
 ity of Hamilton, Out. iLoifif.) Port (•oIImiiiic, Onl. {McGiUt'oU. 
 Jirrh.) Swampy river liunU, L'tnflon. Out. ( /Ji/rf/i vs. Milliiuin.) Sault 
 .Ste. ^faric. (/i. Hell.) .Vorlli «lior" ol' Ljiko Sii|>*'rior. tAijassi:.) 
 JiuUn MiNta.HHihi, N.IO.T. ; Ulack Uivor, fiftko Wiiniipo/.f ; .Souris Plain, 
 Man, (J. M. Maeiiun.) Lake of the WooiIh ; Red Uivt>r prairie, >[an. 
 {Dairson.) Aliiniitant in marsliu- tlirou^hoiit .Manitoba, and \t tstward 
 to the Prat'o River, lat. 50 ; ratin-r common in ponds in the foot-liillw 
 around Morloy. and westward through the IJocky .Mount!iin> to Donald 
 in the Columbia Valley; common in northern Itritish Columbia on the 
 Nachacco ; alon;^ .Shawnij^an Fiako. and tlio Albcrni C'anal. Vancouver 
 Islaml. {Afuivun.) Krc<|iiont on the banks of sti-eams. from Cana<la 
 to IJcar Lako. and from Hudson Hay to ilie Pacitic ocean, [llwlicr^ Ft.) 
 Vancouver city, IJ.C. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (2724.; P. CANAKIK.N8IS. Linn. .Sp. 1., .'»|. 
 
 Spontaneous on waste heaps around towns and vilbiifcs. Pictou. 
 N.S. {McKay.) Spreading from liallast at .*^t. .John, N.H. (Fowler. 
 Cat.) Quebec city. (St. Ci/r.) Around Ottawa. (FUfcher. Fl. Ott.) 
 Waste places, near Proscott, Onl. {Ihtlin'/s.) WaHto heaps at Belle- 
 ville, Ont. (Maoiin.) Lake shore at Kini^ston, Out. (Millmav.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (I^otjie.) Waste places, London, Ont. 
 (Hurijess.) On ballast at .Vanaimo, N'ancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 682. ANTHOXANTHUM, Linn. Ocn tJ. 
 
 SCENTED VERNALi GRASS.) 
 
 (SWEET- 
 
 (2725.) A. oDoR.VTtM, I.iini.; .Micli.x., l-M. I, :5!»; Pursh, Fl. 1., ti5 ; 
 Jlook., Kl. II., 235. 
 Introduced in meadows and pastures, chiefly eastward. Ncwfounil- 
 land, (Jfeekfi.) iiodford. llalil'a.N Co., X.S. (Somwers, Cat.) Pictou, 
 N.S. (McKaij.) Truro, Halifax, and Vai-mouth, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 Common in grass fields and pastures. Ha>s Ilivcr. N.B. (Foultr, Cat.) 
 Ste. Cenevii've Island, Seven Islands Hay. and Island ot' Orleans. 
 (St. Cyr.) Port ColUjrno, Ont. (McGill Coll. Ilerh.) Low mea- 
 dows. London. (Jnt. (fiunjess. Millman.) \'iiinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 (liuchan.) Abundant in meiulowsat Victoria, and Nanaimo, Vancouver 
 Island. ^(Macoun.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
rATALOdCK n|.' ("ANAIiIAN PLANTS. 
 
 1H7 
 
 683. HIIROCHLOA, Cmel. HOLY GRASS.) 
 
 (272t;.) H. alpir.a, H-im. .v Srimit/., Hook., n, II,. j;{i. 
 
 HolcuA uliiiuiii. Wiilil. 11. Lii|>|»., ;!l. 
 Oil the Hunirnits of lii/,rli inountaiiiH ami iioilliward. K-ud^ iiai-lxir. 
 const of Labriulor ; ( 'a|Ki Clni(lloi;rli, ami Cajtr I'liiicf of Wales, lluil- 
 Hon Strait. {li.Bell\ riiiruva May. Laliratlor. i titirn-^ton. i Foiitl's 
 Hay, mill Lancast or Sound, MalHii's May. i Dr. h'eitiifi/;/. t On tliecoasi 
 ol'Hiul.son Bay. Ix'lwofii Foil Cliurcliill and Capo l-ady Polly. (Dr. 
 liae.) Mooso Factory, .lanios Hay. {Cottar li- Dr. J/ai/ilcn.) Fort 
 Gc'or^'o, .latnos Hay. (./. M. .Miicnun.) Summit of Mount Alhort, (iaspo, 
 Q. (Macouii. Porttr.: Mountain at Finlay>on JJivt-r. alt. 4,.'J00 foot, lat. 
 til" 30^, iiorlli of Hritisli C'oluinliia iDauson.) Labrador, and Arctic 
 soa-slioros and i>land>. i llovkvr. Fl.) Ounalasldva. Kotzcl.uo Souml, 
 and Arctic coast, iliothr. Ala.<l<.) <irconland. {/Atin/t.) 
 
 (271'7.) H. borealiS, IJ.om. \ Schult/,.; IL.ok., Fl. II., 234. 
 
 Holcu.i iiili.ruiii.i, Linn.; Miclix., I'l. I.,."it>. 
 n./rwjr<tiis, TurHli, Fl. I., 7S. 
 
 Sandy shores, meadows, or |traiiies; widely distributed. Nowtbund- 
 land. (^J{eeks.) Truro, and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macouu.) On the Ma^'- 
 dalen Islands, N..S. (J. Richardnor..) Hedford Ha>in, N.S. ( iSonaiur.^ 
 Cat.) Const of Labrador. iMc(i>U Coll. Ilerh.i Mollis River, J{iehi- 
 bucto and elsewhere, in Kent Co,. X.H, {Foivlir, Cot.) Sheldrake 
 River, and Pentecost Hiver, i}. i.St. Cijr.) Salt Luke, and Jupilor 
 River, Anticosti. iMaroun.) Summit of .Mount Albert, Gaspe, (^. 
 (Porter.) Horder of a tield near Bolleville, Ont.; extremely abundant 
 all around Lake Superior, and northward up the Nijiigon Jiivcr, to 
 Uanip Alexander. {Mtteouii.) Hiver flat, Lomlon, Ont, ( Iiur(jess. 
 Millnian.) North shore of Lake Superior, (.li/assi:.) Point aux Pins, 
 Lake Erie ; Kmcrson, Mnn. {/iun/ess. i Swampy piairie, Red River, 
 and Pembina Mountain, Man. iDiinson.) Lake Mi>ia>sini. and down 
 Rupert Rivor, to James Hay ; Helen's Itiver, and Severn l?iver, Kee- 
 watin ; Moose Mountniii, Man. iJ. M. Macouii.) Oxford llou>o, 
 Keowatin. ( R. licll.) Very common in wet j»rairie> and aloiij^ rivers 
 and lakes throughout the whole prairie region, and north to IVaco 
 Rivor; not uncommon from the meadows at Morley through the 
 Rocky Mountains to the Columbia Valley; common in northern Bri- 
 tish Columbia to lat. 55°, at Fort McLeod. {Macoun.) Telegra|iij 
 Crook, lat. 58^', B.C.; Upper Liard River, lat. GO^', B.C. ; Lewes Rivor, 
 

 ^ffljf 
 
 il^ 
 
 188 
 
 OlOt.OiltCAI. 8URVKT or CANADA. 
 
 lut. (il''^, north of ItritiHii I 'oliitnliia. iDiw^smi.) OiiiialiiHliku. ami 
 Kotzclmt) Souml. { linthr. AUtak.) Harllott Hay, AlaHka. i Meehm.) 
 8ar<katr|iu\vah, aixl tlif Koiky MoiintaiiiH; ilrv >;i'oiin<i, iioar IIk* houito 
 of tlio Columbia; Xoolka Sotiinl. ( liooki-r, Fl.) 
 
 (2T-'.s.) H. pauolflora, \l Hiown, Hook., Fl. U.,2lii. 
 
 Molvillc, ami oihiT AiTtIc iMlaiitl-. ( Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 684. ALOPECURI8, Linn, iion 7>^. (FOX-TAIL QRAGS.) 
 
 (--'72!).) A. alpinus, Smith . Hook., Kl. II., 2.'M, in part. 
 
 ('apt' I'riuro of Waios, Dig^o's Island, .ManHtiuld Island, and Nottinj,'- 
 ham Island, Hudson Strait. (A*. Hefl) Fort (loor^f, .lamos itay ; 
 hctwoon Fort Sovcrn. and Yoi'k Factory, Iltidso n Hay. (./. M. Maroun) 
 Island of 8t. JiUwrcnco, and Kotzeltiio. Sound. (Itothr. Alask.) Pond's 
 Itay, and I'ort Kennedy, Lnncastor .Sduml. {Dr. Wdlker.) Coast of 
 Hudson Hay, bL'twoon Foit Clinrtdiill and Hopulso Hay. (Dr. Jiiie.) 
 Arctic Hca-siioro> and islands. { l/<"iiitr, Fl.) Point Jitirrow, Arctic 
 coast. (John Murd'ich.) Greenland. (LaiKje.) 
 
 (1'730.) A. geniculatUS, Linn.: Hook., Fl. U., S.V.l. 
 
 Apparently introduced »!aslward. Newfoundland. i^Iieeks) Abun- 
 dant in ditches, Point Pleasant, Halifax, N.S. {.}faroun. Sommers.Cat.) 
 St. Andrews, N.B. ( Vr<xm.) Wet pl:ices, Carleton. X.H. {Fowler, Cat.) 
 Gravelly beach at the lower end of Pros(iu'ile Point, Lake Ontario; 
 muddy flats at Amlierstburgh, Lake Frio. (Mamun.) Watery places 
 on the i)rairie we>t of J{ed Deor Lakes, Alberta. (Macoun.) Aloni,' 
 the South Saskatchewan, Alborta. { Hawmn.) Greenland. {Lantjc.) 
 
 Vur. ariStulatUS, Munro; Torr., Fl. I.. !t7. 
 
 A. arii>lulaiui>, Michx., Fl. I., 43; Hook., Fl. II., 2:53; Macoun, Cat. No. 2115. 
 A. «</*-»iri><fi/i'», rnrf^li, Fl. I., (iO- 
 
 Muddy places and jjonds ; common and widely ilistributoil. Hrigus, 
 Newfoun.lland. t R. Bell.) Pictou, N.S. (Mi' Kay) Charlotte Co., 
 N.B.,.( IVoow.) Petitcmiiac, N.B. { lirittain.) Wot places, Bass River, 
 N.B. (Fiiirler.Cat.) Campbellton, N.H. (CArt/nier.v.) .Salt Lake, Anti- 
 costi. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. { Flrtcher, Ft. Ott.) Common 
 at Proecott, ( )nt. ( BiUhujs. ) Very common throughout central Ontario, 
 and extending north-westerly to Nijjigon River and Lake. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Loyir.) .Shallow water at fjondon, Ont. 
 (Burgess. Millman.) Parry S(mnd, Georgian Hay: J)aw8on Road, near 
 
UATALOCM K (»K •'ANAIMAN I'l.ANTM. 
 
 im 
 
 Poi-l Arthur ; at KmoiHoii Man. iHunjess.) Kin^'»tnii. Oiil. i MHlmnn.) 
 Itiiporl Hivor, X.K.T. ; S»'v«rn Hivor. Kfowalin. (./. M. Macoun.) 
 ('Iiiirciiill Hivor, MikIhiiii Hay. (A'. Hell.) .\.>t uiirumrn.in lictwctMi Win- 
 ni|»'K iwnl I'liint du Cliioii. Man. i l>'tws'<n.) In nunldy pLicfs tlinmi^a,. 
 out tlio |»rairi»( ri-gioii, cKiu-cially tK.itliwanl.ainl tVuin • 'al^'ary tlir<)U),'li 
 tlio Kooky Muuritams to the Coluiiihia Valloy; iImoukIi tiorthorn 
 nriti-*li ('<iluiiil>ia. to Kml Mcl^ooil, lai. Sfi'. (Miwuun.y Il^'a<ln> Mro.ik, 
 IJ.C. {Dawson.) Hed Hivor, Man.. !><-<!. i D'>ii,jl,ia. ' Canada to Hoar 
 Lako. {/I'Kikei', Fl.) I>citarluro Hay, Vunoouvor iMJand. {Me.ihan,) 
 
 Var. robustUS, Viisoy, Itidl. Torr. JJot. Club. XV^, i:j. 
 
 In wot |.lacort til I.adnor's Lan.lini,', ..n iho Fra«*or Itivor, I5('., 18Hft. 
 ( Fletcher, i fund-., noar Victoiia and Ccdai- ITiil (IsTf.) ; and on .>rount 
 IU'n.>.on, noar Nanainio. Vainoiivor Uland. iMacim.t AlaHku. ( Vnsvij.) 
 TIiIm Ih a now variety. 
 
 (,2T:n.) A. Macounii, Va.'^oy. Bull. Torr. But. Club, XV^, 12. 
 A. i,i<uwihtui>, vur. inmila, Vu.sey. (MS.?), 187."). 
 On ilry rock-^ closo to Victoria, ls7."). Al>iindanl in hulinw* in ruckH 
 whoro water lios, in the spring at Cadiioro and Oak l.a,\s. noar Vi"toria, 
 Vuncouvor Inland, 18H7. {Mdcoun.} Vory noar if not idoatioal with 
 A. JInuellii, Vawoy. 
 
 (2732.) A. i'iiATKN.sis. Linn.; Piirsb, H. I., til); JIooU., l-'l. II., 2:U. 
 
 Introduced from Kuro|H' ami vory abundant in raoadown in tiio 
 Atlantic provinces. Xowtoundland. ( Reeks.) Mcdibrd, Halifax Co., 
 X.S. (Sommers, Cat.) N'ory abundant at Aniiaj)oli8 (where it in 
 locally named French Thnothi/), Grand I'ri^, Wiii(ls(»r. and Halifax, N.S ; 
 common at LouiKburg, Capo Breton, where its French origin is again 
 seen ; not uncommon in meadows at Victoria, and Xanaimo, Vancouver 
 Islan<l. {Miicoun.) 
 
 (2133.) A. occidentalism Scrlbnor, Coulter's Bnl. Gaz. XI., 170, 
 
 (18S(;.) 
 
 A. iili'>nw, Dawson, Ilound. l;o|(. ;177. 
 
 A.praliiiiiD, var. alpcKtrix, Vasey, Cat, Grasse.", U. States, 34, (1885.) 
 
 A. (ilpinm, Hook., Fl. II., '2'M, in part 
 North Fork of Ohl Man IJivor, foot-hills of I?ocky Mountains. 
 {Dawson.) The leaty bract at the ba.sc of the spike is very charactorl.stic 
 of 'us .spocios. 
 
190 
 
 OEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 680 ARI8TIDA, Linn. Gen. 74. (TRIPLE-AWNEDlGRASS.) 
 
 (27:54.) A. basiramea, Eiigelinann ; Uplmm, Cat. Miii. PI. 1()3. 
 
 Vicinity of IJi-anilon, Man. {fi. J. Scott.) This is a new 8pecio.s 
 found tii'Mt by Mi-. W. Upliuni, at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 (2735.) A. dichotoma, Linn.; Michx. Fi. 41; Piii-sh, Fl., 1., 72. 
 
 Port CoH)orne, I.alco iviio. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Wo have seen no 
 Canadian specimens of this species. 
 
 (273(J.) A. purpurea, Xutt; Steud. Gram. 134. 
 
 On dry liillsides, at Spence's Bridge, IJ.C, 1883. (Fletcher.) Only 
 this station is known at present in Canada. 
 
 686. STIPA, Linn. Gen. 00. (FEATHER-GRASS.) 
 
 (2737.) S. avenacea, Linn. ; Gray, Man. Kd. V.. 017. 
 
 In sandy open pine woods. Point aux Pins, eight miles above Sault 
 Ste. Marie. 18(i!>. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2738.) S. comata, Trin. & IJupr., Stipaceiu, 70. 
 
 S.jiiticKi, Nutt., tJen. 1., 58. < 
 
 S. i-apilUtta, Hook., Fl. II., 237. 
 
 .S'. occidcntitlis, Bolander, Proeed. Calif. Acad. IV., Ki'J, in part ; Macoun, 
 Cat. No., 2151. 
 
 Abundant on dry prairies, and extending into British Columbia. 
 Cypress Hills, and Milk River Eidge, Alberta. {Datcson.) Abundant 
 at Reed Lake, Fort Walsh, and numerous other localities throughout 
 the prairie region; viciiuty of Sponce's Bridge, B.C., and on dry rocks 
 near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Along the Fraser, at 
 Lytton, B. C. (Fletcher.) Abundant at Kamloops, and Shuswap 
 Lake, B. C. (Prof. Fowler.) Foi-t Carleton, on the Saskatchewan. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2739.) S. Richardsonii, Link., Ilort. Berol. 11., 245. 
 
 Petitcodiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) North shore of Lake Superior, 
 from Michipicolin to Pic River, and Peninsula Harbor. (Macoun.) 
 Lake Mistassini, X.lvT. (J. M. Macmin.) Near Edmonton, on the 
 Saskatchewan, and northerly to Lesser Slave Lake, (Macoun.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 101 
 
 Var. major, X. Vnr. 
 
 Abundant in the foot-hills of tho Unvky Mountains, at Moiio}-. an.l 
 westward to Donald, in iho Colunii.ia Valley. (Maeoun:) This form 
 exactly matelies Scrihnor's Xo. ;J41 from .Montana, but is quite 
 unlike our northern and eastern specimens. 
 
 (2740.) 8. Spartea, Trin.; (rray, Man. Kd. V.. C17. 
 
 Very abundant on the nortluM-n prairie region, forniiiiif the "Xorth- 
 crn I5utfalo Grass" of the Canadian ranehman. Its seeds in the wetter 
 portions are very troubieMuno, ])enetratinif the woo] of sheep and eloth- 
 ini^ of men. and eausinij; mu<di annoyance. This jjjrass, however, con- 
 stituted the winter food of the butfalo, and is now the deli^iht of horses 
 in tiie winter 8ca.son. It is usually classed with the "bunch" grasses. 
 There is no jiart of the dry prairie where it docs not grow, from Por- 
 tage la Prairie westward to the iJocky Mountains. (JUacoim.) Pembina 
 .Mountain, and from Wiiinipeg to Point du ("heinj .\;an. {Dauson.) 
 Rod li'wcv, Man., ISi'i;. (Dowjlas.) 
 
 (,-'74].j S/viridula, Trin. Act. Petrj.. 39, (18;](1.") 
 
 S. sparlKi, Hdok., Fl. II., 237, not Trin. 
 »S. jiarvillord, Nutt. I., 58, not Desf. 
 
 Very common around badger holes, and in eoulees throughout the 
 prairie region and westward to the Pacific. Souris Plain, Man. 
 (./. M. Maeoun.) Wiiito Mud River, and Wood Mountain, Assiniboia. 
 (Bawtimi.) Bank of Souris Elver, Man. (Bunjess.) Abundant from 
 Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountajiis, and westward to the Columbia 
 Valley, at Donald ; common around Victoria, on Cedar Hill, and at Oak 
 Bay, Vancouver Island. (Maeoun.) Bank> of the Saskatchewan. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2742) S. Columbiana, X. Sp. 
 
 Closely i-elated to the ]»reccding, but mud! less in size, with a 
 smaller panicle and an awn scarcely an inch Iijng ; glumes purplisli, 
 acuminate to a slendei- point. Yale, B.C. ; Cedar Hill, four miles from 
 Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Maeoun.) 
 
■f-V 
 
 192 
 
 QEOLOOIOAL SIRVEV OP CANADA. 
 
 687. ORYZOP8I8, Michx. (MOUNTAIN RICE.) 
 
 (2743.) O. asperifolia, Michx., Fl.I.,51 ; Pm-^h, TI. I., <;0; Hook., 
 
 Fi. II., 2;!(;. 
 
 Urachni anperi/olid, Triii. Diss. I., 174. 
 U. Uncoxinrma, Link. Ilort. Berol. I., 94. 
 
 Rocky wo(Ml^<. not infrotnieiit, and widt'ly o.xloiiilod. Xewfoundliiiid. 
 (lier/is.) Ilocky woods, Truro, mid Halifax, N.S. (Macoun.) Fri'<leric- 
 ton Junction, and Port Ei^in ; Pctitcodiac ; common at Salmon Kivtr, 
 in •' blue-berry iiaircns," N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) .Madeline liiver, (rasinj 
 
 coast, (I. (Porter.) Gomin's Wood. (Quebec city. {St. Cyr.) W Is along 
 
 Jupiter IJivor, Anticosti. {Macoun.) Woods in the vicinity- of Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl.Ott.) Mirivvin's Wo(.ds, near Prescott, Ont. (liilluujs.) 
 Kemptvillo, Ont. (Porter.) Rich, rocky woods throughout central 
 Ontario, westward to Owen Sound, north-westerly to Nipigon River, 
 and south to Port Arthur, and twelve miles up the Kaministiijua River. 
 (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Lo(jie.) Port Colborne, Lake 
 Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Kingston, Ont. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 Woods near Toronto. (liunjcss.) Wooded banks. London, Ont. (Jiun/ess. 
 Millman.) Lake Mistassini, N.K.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Xot uncommon 
 on dry slopes from the Kananaskis through the Hock}' Mountains to 
 the Columbia Valley at Donald, H.C. ; near Clinton, and at Soda Creek, 
 on the Fraser, B.C. (Macoun.) Canada to the Rocky Mountains. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2744.) O. Canadensis, Ton-. Fl. N. Vork II., 43:J. 
 
 0. parvijlorii, Nutt.; Hook., Fi. H., 230. 
 Stipu juncta, Michx., Fl. 1., 54. 
 S. CamiilenDi.", Poir.; Pui>h, Fl. [., 72. 
 Milium jiuvijnin, Torr., Fl. I., 78- 
 I'xtclDit' brcficaudntd, Trin. Gen. I'an., 27. 
 
 Rather rare in dry sandy and pine woods. Manowiu Island, Seven 
 Islands Bay, St. Lawrence River. (St. Cyr.) Tadousac, Lower St. 
 Lawrence, (^ (A. T, Drummond.) Rocky woods, near Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Woodlands west of Brockville, Ont. (Billings.) (^uito 
 common at Chalk River, on the Ottawa, and at North Buy, Lake 
 Nipissing ; dry sandy hills at Belleville, and on the Oak Hills, Hast- 
 ings Co. ; very common on Rico Lake Plains, Northumberland Co., 
 Ont. (Macoun.) Sandy thickets along Lake Huron, at Southampton, 
 Ont. (Buryess.) Twent^'-tivo miles west of Port Arthur, on high dry 
 land. (Macoun.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) South 
 
CATAMXJI K OK CANAKIAN Pr.ANT.s. 
 
 i;t;{ 
 
 Kootiiiiio Pass, Uovky .Mounluiiis ; ui)jici- crosKirii,' of the Biackwatei- 
 liivtT, 1J.(^ {Dausun.) ()cca>i(iiially met with on dry gravelly >li)j)0> 
 ill tho Itoeijy Mouiitaiiis, from ('jistle Mountain to Donald in the 
 Coliiml.ia Valley; Soda CircU. KnotT l{i\rr, and Spcneu"- P.ridgo. 
 B.C. (Macoun ) 
 
 (•2745.) O. melanocarpa, Muhi. (fiam. 79. 
 
 (J. ii.<ii,rif(,li,i^ Kiiiilli, Kmiiii. I., J7<i, in part. 
 J/(7(i(j;t mo mu.vi/m, .Siiiit!.; IJi^'el. Fl. IScist., l'."). 
 Pi/>t<Uhirum nigrum, Torr., l"l. I., 7!». 
 I'l-dclaK raamo/".!, Tiin. I'i.s.s. I., 174. 
 
 IJocky woods, i-ather laiy and loeai. Woods, vicinity <<{' Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, FL Ott.) Sliiiwin's Wcd.ls. near Proscott, Oni. {BUlin'js.) 
 Very common am<mgst Laurcntian roeUs at Shannnnville, and through- 
 out North Hastings, Unt. (Miroun.) Jones Falls, IJidcaii Canal, Out. 
 (MiUiuan.) Wooded hillsides. I.ondon. Onl. (liur'jctis. Millman.) 
 
 (274(;.) O. CUSpidata, I'.enth. .lourn. l.ihM. .S(H-. XfX., 82. 
 
 Kricomn fiisiiidnlii, Niitt (ieii. I., -1(1 ; >hi<'cinn, (at. No. l.'14l!. 
 
 Utijm iniiiilintiiiin", I'lirsli, I'l. II., 7l'> ; Hn<jk., l-'l. II., L'37. 
 
 6". Iiinnetwiden, Ku m. i^ Sclmltz. Syst. II,, oSO. 
 
 Uriicfiiic Imuita, Triii. I'aiiii'. .'!S, 
 
 I'ViulUria rhfixrliih/lividi .1, 8teiiil. Syii. (irani. 420. 
 
 A most heautit'iil grass, growing in large chimps on sand in the 
 prairie region and Briti>h Columhia. White .Mud River, Assiniboia, 
 and Milk Kiver Ridge, Alberta, i Vaicnon. /iun/ess.) Very abundant 
 amongst sand hills at the source ol' the (^u'AppolIe ; north of tho 
 Cypress Hills , and south of IJattloford. (Macoun.) Fort Carleton, 
 Saskatchewan River. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 688. MILIUM, Linn. Linn. den. 70. (MILLET-GRASS) 
 
 Seven 
 wer St. 
 'letcher, 
 (^uito 
 Lake 
 Ilast- 
 nd Co., 
 inipton, 
 gh dry 
 South 
 
 (2747.) M. effUSUm, Linn.; Hook.. Fl. 11.. 2.35. 
 
 A fine tall grass, growing in cold damp woods throughout the north- 
 ern forest region. Wet thi(d<ots, Whycocomagh, Cape Jiroton ; and at 
 Salt Lake, and Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Jiichmond, Carle- 
 ton Co., X.B. (Folder, Cat.) Between Florenceville and Andover, 
 N.B. (Britfain.) Nepisiquit Lakes, X.M. (Hay.) Island of Orleans, 
 and Thunder River, Q. (St. Cyr.) Sugar Bush Lake, Montcalm Co., 
 Q. (D' Urban.) Damp woods near Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Woods, 
 near Proscott, Ont. ; common. (Billinijs.) Cold woods, and cedar 
 Bwamps, central Ontario, westward to Owen Sound, and north-wosterlv 
 13 
 
194 
 
 (JEOI.OOICAL SURVEY OK CANADA. 
 
 to Nipigon Rivor, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Komoka, Ont. {Burgess.) 
 Wot woods, vicinity of London, Ont. {Burgess. Miltman.) Neighbor, 
 hood of Montreal and Quebec. {Hooker, F I.) 
 
 
 680. MUEHLENB2RCIA, Schreber. (DROP-SEED) 
 
 I 
 
 
 «* 
 
 > 
 
 (2748.) M. diffusa, Schreb.; Pursh, l-^l. L, 40. 
 Dikpycum minutijlorum, Miclix., Fl. T.,40. 
 In grassy woodlands along Lake Erie, above the Canal at Port Col- 
 borne. {Macoun.) Point Pel4e, Kssex Co., Ont. {Burgess.) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan.) 
 
 (2749.) M. glomerate, Trin.; Hook., Fl. 11., 237. 
 
 Polypogon glomeratw, Willd. Enum. I., 87. 
 
 P. .odosug, Spreng. ^laiit. I., 31. 
 
 P. racemoOTM, Niitt. Gen. I., 51. 
 
 Agrostis racemosa, Michx., Fl. I., .")3 ; Pursli, Fl. I., 6o. 
 
 A. tetom, Muhl. Gram. 68. 
 
 China racemosa, Kunth. Enum. I., 207. 
 
 Not unt'ommon in swamps, and along brooks and rivers. Weldford, 
 Kent Co. ; Kennobeccasis, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Petiticodiac, N.B. 
 {Brittain.) Becscie Eiver, and Jupiter River, Anticoati ; Madeline 
 River, Gasp^, Q. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Chelsea, Q. {Billings.) Near 
 Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Marsh near Prescott Junction, Ont. 
 {Billings.) Beaver meadows, North Hastings, Ont. ; Big Swamp, 
 Murray, Northumberland Co., Ont. {Macoun.) Low grounds, Lon- 
 don, Ont. {Burgess. Millman.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.) 
 Point between Shib-wah and Batch-ah-wa-nah rivers, Georgian Bay ; 
 Michipicotin River, aiul Oba Lake, Ont. {E. Bell.) Wet bank, twenty- 
 five miles up the Kaministiqua River ; also frequent on the margins of 
 lakes and swamps throughout the prairie region, and north-west to 
 Peace River ; rather rare in the Rocky Mountains, from Morley to 
 Donald in the Columbia Valley, B.C. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass, 
 Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Plains of the Saskatchewan to the 
 Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2750.) M. Mexicana, Trin. Diss. I., 189. 
 
 Agroslis Mexicana, Linn. ; Muhl. Gram. 67 ; Pure 'i, Fl. I., 64. 
 A. lateriflora, Michx., Fl. I., 53 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 64. 
 Cinna Mexicana, Link. Enum. I., 7L 
 
 Moist meadows and borders of moist thickets. Fredericton ; Petit- 
 codiac, N.B. {Fowkr, Cat.) Simonds, Carleton Co., N.B. {Brittain.) 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 195 
 
 Btirgess.) 
 feighbor. 
 
 >EED) 
 
 Port Col- 
 Vicinity 
 
 Weldford, 
 diac, N.B. 
 Madeline 
 ;-s.) Near 
 tion, Ont. 
 Swamp, 
 inds, Lon- 
 {Logie.) 
 ian Bay; 
 k, twenty- 
 margins of 
 ;h-west to 
 orley to 
 anie Pass, 
 n to the 
 
 Ion; Petit- 
 \{Brittain.) 
 
 On sandy banks of the Riviiro Rouge, Argentouil Co., Q. {D' Urban.) 
 Along the racks. Major Hill Park, Ottawa. {Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) Woods 
 near Prescott Junction, and close to Ottawa. (Billings.) Low rich 
 land along Cold Creek, at Wooler, Ont. ; fi-equcnt in meadows and 
 thickets, Hastings Co. ; and at Owen Sound, Ont. {Macoun.) Point 
 Edward, St. Clair River, Ont, (./. M. Macoun.) Near Kingston, Ont. 
 {Burgess.) Swampy meadows, near London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Manitoulin Island, Georgian 
 Bay. (Burgess.) Along Current Rivoi-, near Port Arthur, Lake 
 Superior. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2751.) M. sylvatica, Ton-. & Gray, Gram. & Cyp. L, No. 13. 
 
 AgroMis sylixiiica, Torn, FI. I,, 87. 
 A. iliffimt, Mulil. Gram. (i4. 
 
 Rocky bedsof streams and by waterfalls. Low rocky places, Frederic- 
 ton ; Belleisle, King's Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Dideguash River, N.B. 
 (Hay.) Abundant along the Moira and Trent rivers, in Hastings and 
 Northumberland Co's., Ont. (Macoun.) Rocky banks, Moon River, 
 Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) 
 
 (2152) M. Willdenovii, Trin. Diss. L, 188. 
 
 Agroslis tenuifloni. Willd. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 03. 
 Ctnna teiiuiflora, Link. Enum. I., 71. 
 
 Rocky woods, apparently rare. Rocky banks and woods along the 
 Moira, half a mile above the railway bridge, at Belleville, Ont. 
 (Macoun.) Rocky wooded bank of rivei", Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) 
 This species is distinguished from M. Mexicana by its long-awned 
 palets, and from M. sylvatica by its contracted and very slender 
 panicle and short-pointed glumes. 
 
 690. BRACHYELYTRUM, Beauv. Agrostogr. 39. 
 
 (2753.) B. ariStatum, Beauv.; Torr., Fl. I., 102. 
 
 Mueldmhergia erecta, Schreb. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 61. 
 
 M. aristata, Pars.; Hook., Fl. II., 237. 
 
 If. Brachyehjtmm, Trin. Diss. I., 88. 
 
 Dilepycun aristosum, Michx., Fl. I., 40. 
 Rocky woods, not common. In woods at Truro, and Windsor, N.S. 
 (Macoun.) Rocky woods, Molus River, Kent Co., N.B. (Foivler, Cat.) 
 Montmorency River, Q. (St. Cyr.) Woods at Chelsea, Q. (Billings.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Woods west of Prescott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Rather common in woods throughout central Ontario. 
 

 196 
 
 GEOLOGICAL Sl'RVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 •ffi 
 
 (Macoun.) Viciiiit y of Humiltoii, Ont. {Lxjie.) Ricli woods, Londdii, 
 Ont. ; Moon River, Muskoka Co., Ont. (liunjess.) Owen Souiid, aiid 
 woods at (iuoon.ston llciglits, Ont. ; woods along Curi-cnt River, near 
 Port Arthur, Lake Superior. {Macoun.) Canada. (Cfoldie.) 
 
 691. PHLEUM, Linn. Cien. 77. iTIMOTHY-GRASS) 
 
 (2754.) P. alpinum, Linn.; Hook., I'M. II., 2:34. 
 I'. Huiilcainum, I'losl, Uel. Hank. I., 245. 
 Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Summit of Mount Ailjort, 
 (iasp»?, (i. (Macoun. Porter.) Fort (Jeorgo, James Bay. (J. M. Macuun.) 
 North shore of Lake Superior. (^Aijassiz.) ('ypross J [ills, and on 
 elevated mountain pastures in the Rocky Mountains, and westward to 
 the summit of the Selkirk Range. (Macoun.) Abundant on the Little 
 Bow River, and Poreui)ino Hills; western summit of the North Koo- 
 tanie Pass, Rocky Mountains ; llgacho Lake, B.C.; Lake Lindeman, 
 lat. 60°. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, alt. (5,000 feet, ami Skagit 
 River, B.C. (Bowman.) Not lare on mountain slopes at Goldstreani, 
 and in mountain woods atNanaimo, and (^ualicum, Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Sitka, and Ounalashka, Kotzcbue Sound, and Island of 
 St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.) Summits of the Rock\- Mimutains. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) Crieonland. (Lanije.) 
 
 (2755.) P. I'RATENSE, Linn.; Pursh, Fl. I., 65; Hook., Fi. II., 234. 
 
 This species is extensively cultivated in every part of Canada, and 
 is found naturalized in all old clearings and aroun •■ lumber camps and 
 on the forest roads leading to them. It seems as much at liome in 
 Newfoundland as in Ontario and Vancouver Island. 
 
 692. PHIPPSIA, R. Br., App. Parry Voy. 285. 
 
 (2756.) P. algida, R. Br.; Hook., Fl. II., 238. 
 
 Melville and other Arctic islands. (Hooker, Fl.) Pond's Bay, 
 Lancaster Sound. (Dr. Walker.) Point Barrow, Arctic coa^t. (John 
 Murdoch.) Cape Chudleigh, and Mansfield Island, Hud.son Strait. 
 (R. Bell.) West side of Davis Straits. (J. Taylor.) 
 
 Yar. monandra, Kunth. 
 
 P. momndra, Trin.; Hook., Fl. II., 238. 
 Kotzebue Sound, and Bay of St. Lawrence. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 
CATALOiiUE OK CANADIAN I'l.ANTS. 
 
 19T 
 
 London, 
 iiiiid, iiiul 
 ivcf. near 
 
 ) 
 
 ASSj 
 
 U Albert, 
 '. Mdcoun.) 
 s, and on 
 est ward to 
 , llie Littlo 
 ^ortli Koo- 
 Lindonian. 
 md Slcagil 
 roldstrean), 
 vol- Island. 
 , Island of 
 ^louulains. 
 
 II., 234. 
 ;!anada, and 
 camps and 
 at home in 
 
 !85. 
 
 'ond's Bay, 
 
 oast. {John 
 
 ion Strait. 
 
 7.) 
 
 693. 8POROBOLU8, R. Br. (DROP-SEED GRASS.) 
 
 (^2T')7.) 8. asperifoliUS, TlmrbiT. Hot. Calif. IF., 270. 
 
 {'Ufa (iHpcrifolhif, Nees. & Meyer, in Trin. Aj;ro.st. I., '',]. 
 SjioroholuiKirenaciUK, Biukl. L'roi'txl. Acatl. Pliila<l. 8!t, (18G2.) 
 
 T)ry, ojtcn prairit', on tlit- f:ist side of I'ood Lake, An8iniboia, 1880. 
 {Mafouii.) Tppor valloy of tin- f'oluniiiia, iieai' a hot sprinjjf, B.C. 
 (Ditirson. I Ciiinanian'.s iiiuiche. on the Thompson IJivor, B.C. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2758.) 8. CryptandrUS, 'iray, Man. Kd. li.. 542. 
 
 A[iro>'liii rriijitdndni/l'itrr. .\nn. I.yc. X. York. 1., l.")l, 
 I'lV/a criijilniidru, Triii. A^rost. I., 47. 
 T. (wpfro, liOjrie, Cut. Ilanii Hon ri:nits. 
 
 On Iho sands of Pnjs(]u'ili' Point, liako Ontario. {Macoun.) Along 
 Burlington 15oacli. ni'ar Hamilton. (>nt. (fjoijif.) On sand along the 
 lake shoie, Toronto 1-land; Point anx Tins, Lake I'lrie. {Burij('$6.) 
 Sandy siiuro. Hamilton. Ont. (MUlman.) Point Edward, Rivor St. 
 Clair. Ont. {J. M. Macoun.) Amongst sand, Stinking Lake, and 
 3Iapie Crook, nortli of Cypress Hills. .\ssinil)oia. (AJacoun.) 
 
 (2759.) 8. CUSpidatUS, Scribner. Torr. Bull. IX., 103. 
 
 V:ifa nu>),i,l<it-i, Torr. ; Honk., I'l. II., l-'SS. 
 
 A;iroi>H8 cryjilnitdra/l'i'vv. .Viin. Lye. N. York I., 1.")!. 
 
 Simonds, Carleton Co.. X.l). (Brittain.) Kather common on ilry 
 prairies, from .Manitoba westward to the Roeky ^lountains. (Macoun.) 
 Xorth Fork of Old Man Hivcr, liocky .Mountains, t Dawson.) Bank.s 
 of the Saskatchewan, near the IJo( ky .Mountains, and plains of the Ked 
 lUver. {Hooker, FL) The limits of this and the next sjjeeies aro .so 
 poorly detined that 1 cannot satisfactorily sopai-ato thom. 
 
 (27<»0. ) 8. depauperatUS, (/) Seribner. Torr. Bull, IX.. 103. 
 
 VUJa dijjdujici-ahi, Torr. ; Hook., I'l. II., L'o". 
 ]'. utUio, Torr., Pacif. K. Itep. \'., .30.".. 
 
 Amongst gravel along Jupiter Eiver, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Hurii- 
 cane Hills. Assiniboia. (./. M. Macoun.) Vcr^- common in damp 
 prairie, from .Manitoba, Touchwood Hills, ;ind westward and southward 
 across the southern prairie region ; damp places in tlu' foot-hills, and 
 westward through the liocky Mountains to tho Columbia Valley, at 
 Donald. {Macoun.) 
 
i 
 
 198 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SLRVBT OP CANADA. 
 
 (2761.) 8. heterolepis, Gray, Man. Ed. V. CIO. 
 Vilfa lieterolepin, Gray, Ann. Lye. N. York III., 233. 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) On rocits along the railway 
 at Shannuiiviile, lla.stings Co.; and at Ileely Falls, Soyinour, Nor- 
 thiimborland Co., Ont. ; very common in north-wostern Manitoba, and 
 along the Boaver, and Touchwood Hills, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) East 
 side of La Clocho Inland, Georgian Bay. (R. Bell.) 
 
 (27G2.) 8. vaginseflorus, Va^oy, Cat. Grasses. U.S. 45, (1885.) 
 
 Vilfa mginujlnra, Torr. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 005. 
 Agroftix Virginmi, Muhl. Gram. 74. 
 
 On dry barren Hpots near Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very conx- 
 nion in many places around Bollovillo, Out.; and on roadsides near 
 Campbollford, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Lo(/ie.) 
 
 Note. — Dr. Vasoy writes of the Vilfa tenacissiuia, Hook., Fl. II., 
 239 : — " This is now considered a variety of Sporoholtis fndicus, but I 
 have seen no specimen from so far north as Monzies island." Believ- 
 ing that it is included in some species we have catalogued, wo leave 
 it out. 
 
 694. ACR08TI8, Linn. Gen. 80. (BENT-GRASS.) 
 
 (2763.) A. canina, Linn.; Gray, Man. Kd. V., 611. 
 
 A. cnnina, Linn., var. (?) knellu, Torr. Bot. N. York II., 443. 
 Brigus, Newfoundland. {It. Bell.) Molus Elver, Kent Co., X.B. ; 
 in dry barrens. {Fowler, Cat.) Sanily beach, .Mingun IJiver, Q. {St. 
 Cyr.) Crevices of rocks, Rivioro .Ste. Anno des Monts ; and summit of 
 Mount Albert, Gaspt', C^. {Macoun.) Ounalashka, 1885. {Mr. S. 
 Applegate.) 
 
 Var. paleata, Vasey, (MS.) N. Var. 
 
 Abundant in meadows at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouvex* 
 Island, 1887. {Macoun.) This is a tine grass and seems to be valuable 
 both as a ))asture and meadow grass. A variety of A. canina was 
 gathered at Sitka a few years since by Mr. Meehan, which may be 
 this form. 
 
 (2764.) A. exarata, Trin.; Hook., Ki. IF., 239. 
 
 A. albicans, Buckl. Proced. Acad. Pliilad. 01, (1802.) 
 Polypogon alopccuroiden, Buckl. 1. c. 88. 
 A very valuable grass in low grounds and meadows on the Paeitio 
 
le railway 
 our, Noi'- 
 itoba, and 
 /n.) East 
 
 1885.) 
 
 Vory com- 
 siiles near 
 iciiiity of 
 
 i., VI II., 
 licus, but I 
 ," Believ- 
 >, we leave 
 
 ASS. 
 
 Co., X.B. ; 
 ,Q. (St. 
 summit of 
 (Mr. S. 
 
 Vancouver 
 
 )o valuable 
 
 anina was 
 
 ich may be 
 
 the Pacific 
 
 m 
 
 CAT.Vl,OOUE OF CAN.\I»I.\.\ I'l-.ANTS. 
 
 199 
 
 coast. liathor common in tin- valley of Hoaver Creek, Selkirk Moun- 
 tuint*, B.C. (Macoun.) Blunclen Harbor, N'amouvor iHland, an<l north 
 point of Texada Isianil, <lulf of Georgia; (^uoon Charlotte Islandy. 
 (Dawson.) The usual form is (|uite cKmmori in meadows every wh«;ro 
 on Vancouver Island, and \v*ith it an awnless variety, while the coarse 
 Alaskan form is found in ditches anil cold, wet places. (Macoun.) 
 Ounalashka, an<l SitUa. {Rotlir. Alask.) Sitka, Alaska. (Meehan.) 
 Ounaiashka, 1885. (Mr. S. Ajip[e(/ate.) 
 
 (27G5.) A. geminata, Trin. 
 Oregon to Alaska. ( Vascij.) Ounaiashka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (27G6.) A. microphylla, Stt-ud.; Torr. Pacif. R. Pep. IV., 154. 
 A. exarata, var. Watson, Bot. Kiii]u:'8 Exp. V., S77. 
 Xorth point of Texada Island, Gulf of (ieorgia. (Dawson.) Abun- 
 dant in c.xsicatod places at Victoria, Oak Bay, ("idar llill, Nanaimo, 
 and Qualicuin, \'ancouver Island. (Macoun.) Cadboro Bay, near 
 Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2767.) A. oreophila, Trin. 
 
 On an exposed point of rocks, a few hundred yards east of South 
 West Point Lighthouse, Anticosti, Auii;ust 17, 18S3. The s|tecimen8 
 are doubtfully rel'erro 1 hero by Dr. Vasey, our idghest authority on 
 grasses in Amerit-a. Dr. Gray in his Manual, page till, seems to n-fer 
 this to A. scabra, but it cann )t be that species as tins is perennial 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (27GS.) A. perennans, Tuck; Gray, Man. Kd. V, 611. 
 
 A.la3cijl(ir(i,liiv.h.;lh)o\i.,Vl.ll.,2A(>. , 
 
 Trichmlium decumbens, Michx., Fl. I., 42; I'nrsh, Fl. I., Gl. 
 Oirtiucopin jiercnnuHH, Wiilt. Fl. Car. 74. 
 Open grassy woods, appuientl}' rare, (rrand V^alli-e, Gasp(5, (I. 
 (Macoun.) Woods near Hull, i^. ; and other places near Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Olt.) Sandy bunks of the Riviere Rouge, Argenteuil 
 Co., Q. (D'Urban.) In grassy woods oast of Bolloville, Out. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Out. (Lo'jie.) IJocky wooils, Kingston, Ont. 
 (Millman.) 
 
 (2769.) A. scabra, Willd. Sp. I., 370. 
 
 A. laxijlora, Rich. ; Hook., Fl. II., 240, in part. 
 A. MkhuvLiii, Trin. ; Gray, Griini. & Cyp. I., 17. 
 Tnchoilium hixi/oHum, Michx., Fl. I., 42 ; Pursli, Fl. 1., 01. 
 T. tcabrum, Mulil. Gram. fU. 
 A common grass on exsicated places on hills and mountain.s, and 
 
 
•JOO 
 
 (lEOI,n(lI(AIi SIRVEY or CANADA. 
 
 
 iilonj^ riviTs and IuUom, wiiloly sjnoiid ami variublo ; apparently bien- 
 nial. Xc'wfoundhuKl. (Reeks.) Halifax Co., X.S. (S'nmners, Cat.) 
 Common at Truro, and llalilax, N'..'^. (Maeoun.) <'omnion tlnoiiirhout 
 Xcw Bninswiclv. (Fowlrr, C<tt.) Tliinvlur Kivor, (^ {St.Cijr.) Soiiili 
 W«!>t Point, and .lupitor JJiver. Antic(»>ti, and alon^ the <rawpd coaNt, 
 and atLovi>. 1^. ( Maeoun. ) \'i('inity of Tadoiisac, C^. (A, T. Drummond.) 
 Abundant at Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Very abundant in its usiuU 
 baunt.s tliionirliout tlu' wlmic oi' nurthorn ami central Ontario (Mmoun.) 
 North .liore of Lake Supoiior. {A(jassi:.) On an old road. Maniain.so, 
 Lake Supcrioi-. {R. Hell.) Vicinity of ll:imiiton, Ont. {Logic.) 
 Manitoulin Island. (Joor^'ian May. (il/r.s'. Saumlers.) Sandy and wot 
 pla(.•ef^. London, (»nt. {/itin/i .^.i. Milhnitn.) Sau^foon. Lid<c JIuron; 
 I'ari'y Sound, (looi/ifian IJav ; Jiidco of the Woods, (/iunjesi.) OUi 
 Lake, Ont. ; NeLson and Jlayos rivers, Kcow.-itin. (II. lUll.) Lidto 
 Mistasbini, X.K.T. ; Severn ifivcr, Kecwatin ; South Twin Islanil, 
 .lames I'.ay; Washow Hay. Lakt- Winnipei,' ; and Soiiris I'lain, >[an. 
 (J. M. Mai'i'Un.) ('mnnion at liie Jiake of the Wooils; Milk J{iver 
 Kidge. Allerta; KIk iiiver, Kootanic Valley. Rocky Mountains; 
 Il;;acho Brook, H.C. ; and Lake Limlenian. hit. 00°, B.C. (Dawson.) 
 A'ory aliundant alt>ngall the rivers in the prairie rci^ion, and northwaid 
 to lyake Atliabasca ; vciy coniinon in suitable phucs, N'ancouvor 
 Island. (Maeoun.) Ounalaslika. (Itothr. Mask.) lied River, .>[an. 
 ISL'7. (Douijlas.) 
 
 (2770.) A. varians, Trin., Agrost. 1 1., (18. 
 
 .1. v.variilti, var. \ minor, Hook., I''l. II., 2.".'.i. 
 
 .'1. c<nii)ui, vnr. milthwd, Bonj;.; Hook., l'"l. II., 240. (?) 
 
 A. Drnmiiiotiilii, Torrey, M.s. {vidi Hunker ) 
 
 Valleys of the Rocky Mountains, on (ho east and west sides of the 
 dividing ridge. (Hooker, Fl.) Trinius founded the species on specimens 
 collected by either [)ouglas i>r Drummond on t!u Athabasca Pass, in 
 the l;ocky ^Fountains. (Marmin.) (^ueen Charlotte Islands, 1878. 
 (Dawson.) Sitka. (Hoo/.rr, Ft.) Greenland. (I.antje.) 
 
 (2771.) A. VER'xiciLLATA, \'ill. Delph. 1 1., 7 t. 
 
 VUfa Kluhui/eru, Hook, i^: Am. Bot. Boet-liy, Kil. (?) 
 Ajiparcntly introtluced .-it Victoria and Xanaimo, Vancouver Ishind. 
 (Maeoun.) 
 
 (2772.) A. vulgaris, With.; Hook., Fl. IL, 2:{0; Pursh, Fl. I., G3. 
 
 A. pohjmorplui , Trin., var. «. Diss. I., 2((L'. 
 A. hhpida, Willd. Sp. I., :570. 
 
 Ver}' abundant in pastures and meadows throughout the whole 
 
CATAI.udUE OK CANADIAN I'l.ANTS. 
 
 201 
 
 Donui\ii>n of CiuiimIii. In the oiirttoni pniviiK'cs there nvo lioth tlio 
 introdiicoil and iiuli^Dnoiis forms, Ixit wc^fwanl in tlio IJocIcn- .M'>iii\. 
 tains anil Brit isli Coliimliiii, ospc'cially on Vancoiivi-r l.'<lan<l, llio indi- 
 genous variety is the prcdoniinant or only one. 
 
 Var. AiiBA. Vasoy. Cat. (JrasHcs. U. S. 47. ( ISH5.) 
 
 A.nllxi, Linn.; I'lirsli, Kl. I., til; Hook., l-l. I!.. 2a9. 
 A. (liriimlhUf, .Miilil. (Jriiin. <>.H. 
 
 Naturaiizcil in |iasliiri's and wi-t meadows. cs|u'cially eastward. 
 This and the preti'dini,' are invaiiiaiiie for |iastiiii: and pi-rmanenl mea- 
 dow land, anil are the lied Tup and Herd's (irass of the agrieulturaiists. 
 (treenland. {Latuje.) 
 
 696. POLYPOCON, Deaf. BEARD-GRASS.) 
 
 (277.3.) P. MoNSi'ELiENsrs. Desf. ; (irny. yhxu. Kd. ^^, 012. 
 
 Waste heaps ar'oimd N'ictoria, especially at the head ol' .Iaiiie> Hay, 
 \'aneouver Island. (Fhirhii: Mai-nun.) Jntrodiici-d. 
 
 (2774.) P. iiTTHRAMs. Sniilh i Hot. Calif. II.. 270. 
 J'.fiiijii.i, r.olaiid. Cut. :!l. 
 Refuse heaps at the head ol James Hay, \'ietoria, Vancouver Islami. 
 (Maeoun.) Inti-odueeil. 
 
 * ' , • 
 
 696. ARCTACROSTI8, Criseb. Ledeb. V\. l\n.<. TV.. 434. 
 
 in 
 
 1878. 
 
 Island. 
 
 I., G3. 
 
 (2775.) A. latifolia, Lodeh. Fl. Ross. IV.. 4:54. 
 C(>lit(iilh(m laiij'olium, K. Hr. ; Ilodk., Fl. II., L'liS. 
 Vilfii (irundiwicrd, Trin. Di.ss. I. 
 Capo Chudleiyh, ('ape Prince of Wales, and Mansrtold Island, Hud- 
 son Strait. {R.Jiiil.) Xottinirham Island, Hudson Bay. ( Macken:ic.) 
 Arctic sea-coast ami islands; Hudson Hay; and Hear Lake, to the shores 
 of the Arctic sea. (^Hooker, Fl.) Port Kennedy, Lancaster Sound. 
 (Dr. Walker.) Between Fort Chui chill, and Cape Lady Pelly, Hudson 
 Ray. (Dr. Bae.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 Var. AlaskensiSy Vasey, <'at. (irassc^s, U. S. 48, (1885.) 
 
 Colpoiliiiiii latifoliitm, i Kuiitli. (?) 
 
 C.anwliiiac'um, Hook., Fl. II., 2:J8. (?) 
 Kotzebue Sjund, and Arctic coast. (Rothr. Alas/;.) Point Barrow, 
 Arctic coast. {John Murdoch.) 
 
PT 
 
 
 202 
 
 (IKohdulOAIi nUHVKV Die CANADA. 
 
 « 
 
 e07. CINNA, Linn, (iin tr> (WOOD-REED GRASS. > 
 
 (21VI) C. arundinacea, Linn.; Mii-hx., Fl. 1,39. 
 
 MiKliliiilMrijiii ''i»i»i(i, Trill. ; Houk., V\. II., 'J:J7. 
 Aijro^lin iSunii, I'lirnli, Fl. I.,<)l. 
 
 TiiiH Hpcvios ami tlit> tio.vl liavo hooii coiiiouiiilo)! and mimtly roporUMi 
 an C. pcndula, but tlioy appiwir ijuito diiitinct. Xu\vtl)ini(llatiil. (lieeka) 
 Near HiHilunl, Haliliix <'i)., N.S. (Sumiiiirn, Cdt.) NVikxIh along 
 BriglianiH Crt'fU, ncjir Hull, (;. (Flitr/irr, FL Oft) Ilatli«'r roro at 
 Hollovillo, Out. {Moi'uiin.) Swanipy noil, London, Out. {Hur<ji'ss. 
 Millman.) Vicinity of ilatnillon, Out. {Loijie.) Su»Ualc'liowan. 
 (lloulur, Fl.) 
 
 (2777.,) C. pendula, Tiin. , Va^oy, Cat. GraHso.s, U. S. 4!t, (1885.) 
 
 C. /fl/»/o/(((, (irii'.sli. ; KtitlinK-k'.s Alii-skna I'lautH, 4.")!). 
 
 V. (inmdiiiiicia, Linn., var. ininUdo, (iray, Man. Ld. \'., till!. 
 
 Muihlitilicrgiii i)i)i(hil(t, liipn^.; Hook., I'l. II.,L':i7. 
 
 Much coininonoi- than tlio pircodint;, and more nortlioiii in Uh di^- 
 ti'ibution. A buautilul and t'onspiciiouH i^niBH. Damp vvoodn at Why- 
 coc'Ogmali, Capo Mioton. (Miwoun.) In di'op Hhady piaci'.-*, Aloius and 
 Bnss rivor.K, N. H. (Fowhr, Cat.) l)ido;^'uasii Kivor, N.Il. (/%.) 
 Salt Lake, Jupitor Itiver, and HeeHcie J{iver, Anticosti. (Mac'iun.) 
 Ste. Catherine, .lacqueH Cartior Kivor, (i. (St. Cyr.) Saiuly hanks of 
 the Hivii'ro iJougo, Arireniouil Co., Q. {D' I'rban.) Vicinity of Ottawa. 
 {Flitcher, Fl. Oft.) MiinU.-^ot Nation Hiver, near railway ci'oHHing, and 
 and northward; rare, I'roscott, Onl. (IHlliiKjs.) Ahundant in low, 
 damp woodhi, along streams and small brooks, throughout central 
 Ontaiio ; also at I'ort Hope and Owon Sound, and westward all around 
 Lake Superior to the Xipigon River. {Macoun.) North shore of Lake 
 Superior. {Aijdsui;.) Wet woods, London, Out, (Burjess. Milbnan.) 
 Pariy Sound, (ioorgian Ba}'. (Bunjcss.) Sault Ste. Marie. (Fletcher.) 
 Ob.i Lake, Unt. (Ji. Bell.) Lake Mistassini, N.K.T. (J. Richardson.) 
 Loon Strait, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Abundant in wet woods, 
 northern Manitoba; Cypress Jlills, and northward to Kdmonton and 
 Peace Eiver; Columbia Valley, and westward through the valleys of 
 the Selkirk ^lountains, B.C. (Mucoun.) Sitka. {Hooker, FL) 
 
 Vai'. mutica, Vasoy. 
 
 Pelly Banks, lat. (32°, N.W.T., 1887. ^Dawson.) 
 
OATAtOdlB OK CAMADIAN PIMNTH. 
 
 203 
 
 Viir. aoutlflora, Vanoy. (MS.) N. Vnv. 
 
 AltumJuiit along [\w iHiitloi'M of briiokn, und in rivor viilloyH, lliruiigh- 
 out tliu Houtlioi-n |)iii't (>t' N'atK-diivor iHlaiid, extni'liiiK to Nariainio. 
 (^laliciim, Hiid Cornox ; aUo Allioini, on iho wt'»t connt. {Atacoun.) 
 
 608. DEYEUXIA, Clarion. (REED-BENT GRASS.) 
 
 (277H.) D. eequivalviS, Munth. c^ Hook., (ion. iMant III., ll.Vl. 
 
 ^. ;i'7Utt<i(/n'ji, Trill. .\^'n>Ht. II., 11(1; Macmin, Cut. Nn. 2128, b. 
 , A, c<ntinti, vnr. miuivitlrts, Tr'wi. \ Hon;.'. Vc;.'. .>»it<'|i. 171. 
 
 A. iiiniiDi, L'lDu., i. mildliHCd, Wnu,:.; Hook., I'l. II., L'lo. (?) 
 
 -I. //i7/.//r./m/u, Tlmrlior; Itolaml. Traim. ( alif. .\K'ri. S<m-. 13(1, (1S(M.) 
 
 Uatlior oomiiKin on tliogmsHy botis of >no\v-sii<lt's, at IJo^or'w I'asn, 
 Selkirk Moinitaiiis, MC. {Maroun.) Sitka, and < )unalaMhka. (Uotlir. 
 Alttak ) SiiimnitH of tlio Uocky .Mounfains. (//<>okir, h'l.) 
 
 (2779.) D. Aleutica, \ asoy, Cat. (irassus, U. S. m, (1885.) 
 
 OilniiiiiijrnMin Miutini, Trin. ; Hook., V\. II., 241 ; Mni^onn, ('at. No. L'l 10. 
 (,'. alhifunii, IJiiiki. I'roctvl. Acad. I'liilad. (fj, (18)il'.) 
 
 Crovic'08 of rockb along tbo wont cojihI of Vancouvor Ihland and in 
 mai-.sho.>4, covorod at high tide, on tho AUiorni Canal. (Afaroun.) 
 (^iieon Charlotte Islamls. (Ihiirson.) Sitka. (/>'(tr<iui/.) Ounida^-lika, 
 and Sitka. {Rothr. Aim/;. iV Hooker, Fl.) OuiiaUwhka, 18.s5. i^Mr. 
 a. Appleyate.) 
 
 (2780.) D. breviaristata, Vasoy, Bull. Torr. Club XV., 4S, N. Sp. 
 
 " Culm 2-;j foot high, radical leaves very long, panicle 4 inches long, 
 narrow and loo.se, branches uneijual, verticill.s numerous, the longer 
 ones about 1 inch long, erect, (lowering, mostly to tho base — empty 
 glume 2 lines long, vo y narrow, acute, membranaceous, scabrous on 
 the keel; flowering glumes as long as tho empty ones, and about the 
 same texture, lanceolate, acutish, 3 nerved, smouihish; awn from 
 about the middle, shortei' than tho t1. gl. or sometimes nearly absent; 
 hairs lather 8|)arso and tine, ^ to J as long as the fl, gl., those of the 
 pedicel scanty but longer ; palct us long as its glume, acute." 
 
 In crevices of rocks amongst tho islands in the outer part of Barclay 
 Sound, near Capo Bcalo, Vancouver Island. (Afaccun.) 
 
204 
 
 (iEOrOdlCAI, SUIIVEV OP CANADA. 
 
 (.2781.) D. Canadensis, Hook-or, Arc. PI. 307 & 308. 
 
 CalamagroHis Canadeimif, Boauv. ; Hook., Vl II., 240 ; iliicoun, Cut. 
 
 No. L'i:55. 
 C Mtjicana, Nutt. Goii. I., IG. 
 C. Purshii, Kuntli, Eiiuni. I., 208. 
 
 Ariuiilo Ctiuadeh^iiK, I^Iiclix., Fl. I., 73; Pursli, Fl. I., 80. 
 A. riiiiioiilci>, Miilil. (iraiii. 1S7. 
 A. <iijri>M()i(lci>, VttTtih,}']. l.,H(\. 
 
 An altuiidaiit and valn.'il)l(' s]ifoios cxtcndinf; from Newfoundland 
 and Iho Atlanlic pi-oviiR'i's liirou^L^hout llio whole norlhern and central 
 flire.st I'c.i^ion, and .[{ocUy .Mountains and liritmh Columbia, to the 
 islands on the Pucilic coast and north to Alaska. 
 
 (2T82.) D. conflnis, Kunlh; Vasoy, (u-assos of U. S. 28, (1883.) 
 
 OdamdfjroHiK cnujinis, Nutt. Gen. I., 40. 
 
 C. inc.ijxDim, (iriiy, (irani. ^ Cyp. I., No. 20. 
 
 Aruii<liir(,iiiiiiis,WiM. Eiium. I., 127. 
 
 Chiefly included by collectors ii, l>. neijlecia or Calamncjrostis 
 stvicta. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Lorjie.) Rocky woods, i']lziver. 
 North Hastings, Out.; woods along the North Saskatidicwan, above 
 Fort. Carleton, and at Edmonton, lat. ^)',i° ; on gravel at Kananaskis 
 station, Jiocky Mountains; shores of Ilorno Lake, and Camei'on Lake, 
 A'ancoiivcr Island. (Macouii.) 
 
 (2783.) D. crassiglumis, Vasey, Cat. Grasses, U. S., 50, (1885.) 
 OdaiiHKjrosli/' rriis-^iijliniiiii, Tluirhcr, Bot. Calif. II., 281. 
 Nimpkish or Kai-mutzon Lake, N'ancouver Island. {Dairson.) In 
 gi-avel along the shores of Jloi'nc Lake, near (^luUicum, \'ancouver 
 Island, {^^acoun.) 
 
 (2784.) D. deschampsioides, Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 50, 
 (1885.) 
 
 Viilamaijroi>tis(Icsrhampmnidci>, Trin. Spec. Gram. III., 354. 
 California to Alaska. ( Vaseij.) We know nothing of this species. 
 
 (2785.) D. Langsdorffii, Kunth, (ii'am. !., 77. 
 
 Qdiimitiiront-in Linn/sdorilii, Trin. ; Maooun, Cat- No. 2130. 
 
 C. OrrtjnnniyiK, Buck!. I'nxvd. I'hilad. Acad., 02, in part, (18()2.) 
 
 .Magdalen Islands, (inlf of St. Lawrence. (McJuii/.) Low grounds 
 at Whycocoinagh, Cape Breton. iMacoun.) Can>pbellton, N.B. (Chal- 
 mers.) Thunder Eivor, (^>. {St.Cyr.) Salt Lake, Anticosti ; Current 
 Eiver, near Port Arthur, Lake Superior. (Mucoun.) Port Arthui'. 
 (Bur(jet:i.) Fort George, .fames Buy. (</. M. Macouii.) North end of 
 
.) lu 
 :()uvei' 
 
 ;pccie8. 
 
 oiuids 
 (dial- 
 uiMent 
 uthur. 
 end of 
 
 CATAI.OGIE OK CANAIUAN PLANTS. 
 
 .'05 
 
 Lake Winiiipog, and west coast of Ifiulson Ba}*. (R. lic/l.) I'piior 
 NacliacfO River, H.O. {Donson.) Shores dI' Sliasvnigan Luke, Van- 
 couvof Island. {Macouii.) Kotzebiie Sound. {Itothr. AUuh.) (^ueen 
 Cliarlotto Islands. .(f^><"'son.) Fort \Vrun,i,'el, Alaska. (Meeliun.) 
 Ounalashka, 1885. (Mr. S. Apple/ate.) 
 
 (2V86.) D. Lapponica, Kiinth ; Vasoy, Cat. (irasses U. S. 51, 
 (1885.) 
 
 t'(dama(jmMh Lniijioirtai, iimy, Man. Ed. \'.,('i82; .Macoun, ( 'iit. No. L'141. 
 Isle Koyal, f.ake Su|)erlor. (Prof. T. (!. Porter.) Salt Lake, Anti- 
 costi ; Otter Head, and Pie Eiver, Lake Superior; Flat IJoek Portage, 
 Nipigon Kivor, Ont. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2787.) D. Macouniana, Vasey.Coultcr'sBot. Gaz., X., 207, X.Sp. 
 "Culm GO to 90 cm. high, slender, loaty : sheaths mostly as long as 
 518 the internodcs, smootliish ; ligule alKtut 2 mm, long, lacerate leaf 
 blades nari'ow, 15 to 25 cm. long, attenuated to a tiiiforni point ; panicle 
 10 to 12 em. long, narrow, open, 2 to 1 cm. in width, branches mostly 
 in lives, approximate, slender, erect ; spikdots somewhat crowded 
 on the upper part of the branches, 2 mm. long; empty glumes nearly 
 e(|ual, purplish, lanceolate, acute, finely scabrous on the back ; flower- 
 ing glumes \\ mm. long, ovate oblong, somewhat truncate and 2-lobed 
 at the apex, the lobes finely denticulate ; awn above the middle of 
 the glume, straight, reaching to the apex; palot abiuit one-third 
 shorter than its glume, ijifid, denticulate at ajiex ; hairs copious, 
 as long as the flowering glume. The panicle resembles that of 
 Agrosfi-s culgaris, and the flowers are smaller than those of any other 
 of our species." — (Dr. Geo. Yusey in Bot. Gazette, Vol. X., page 297.) 
 Black IJivor, Lake Winnipeg, 1884 ; Souris Plain, .Man. 1883. (J. M. 
 Macoun.) 
 
 (2788.) D. neglecta, Kunth, Gram. 1.. 7i^ 
 
 D. stridti, Coultor, Man. Ily. Mount. I'l., 414. 
 
 Calumagrostis coarclnta, Honk., 1"1. II., 240. 
 
 V. .'<lrid(i, Beauv. ; Hook., i'l. II., IMO ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2138. 
 Borders of rivers and lakes in the east, and in swampy nieailows on 
 the prairie. Amherst Island, Magdalen Islands. (.7. Ricknrdson.') 
 Shediac, N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Becscie River, Anticosti; and at Cape 
 Eosier, Gaspd coast, (i. {Macoun.) Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (St. Cyr.) 
 Shore of Lake Huron, at Chicken Bay. {Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, 
 N.E.T. (j; M. Macoun.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. {R. Bell) 
 Abundant in wet prairio throughout Manitoba and the northern 
 prairie region, and north-westerly through the wooded country to 
 
206 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 tho Peace River ; common along slopes and by ponds through the 
 Eocky and Selkirk mountains, and in noi-thern British Columbia. 
 {Macoun.) Pelly Banks, lat. G2° ; and confluence of Lewes and Pelly 
 rivers, lat. 62° 47', N.W.T. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound. (Eothr. 
 Alask.) (Quebec ; Saskatchewan and English rivers, through the wooded 
 country to the Rocky Mountains ; Nootka, and Observatory Inlet, 
 Pacific coast. (Hooker, Fl.) Red River, Man., 1827. (Douglas.) 
 
 Var, Americanum, Vasey. (MS.) N. Var. 
 
 This is a very beautiful form, stouter and much lighter colored than 
 the species. Eather common at Donuld in the Columbia Valley, 1885. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. brevifolia, Vasey. (MS.) N. A^ar. 
 
 This variety, as its name indicates, has short involute leaves and a 
 narrow panicle. It is a little over a foot in height and may be only a 
 depauperate form of the species. (Macoun.) Pelly Banks, lat. 62°, 
 N.W.T., 1887. (Dawson.) Damp slopes, near McLeod's Lake, lat. 
 55°, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. robusta, Vasey. (MS.) N. Var. 
 
 A VLM-y tall and stout variety growing in water or along the boixiers 
 of marshes throughout Manitoba and the Sa.skatchewan region ; Hand 
 Hills, Alberta. (Macoun.) Souris Plain, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 
 (2789.) D. Pickeringii, Vasey, Cat. Grasses, U. S. 51, (1885.) 
 
 CalamaffTostis Pickmngii, Gray, ISIan. Ed. V., GIG ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2142. 
 
 The only known station for this species in Canada is in the wet mea- 
 dows surrounding Louisburg, Caj)e Breton, 1883. (Macoun & Burgess.) 
 
 (2790.) D. Porteri, Vasey, Cat. Grasses, U. S. 51, (1885.) 
 Ciilamagrodis Porteri, Gray, Man. Ed. V., G15- 
 Specimens referred here by Dr. Vasey vveie collected on the slopes 
 of the mountains at the entrance to Bow River Pass, in the Rocky 
 Mountains, 1879. Better specimens are needed to settle the identity 
 of the species. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2791.) D. purpurascens, Kunth; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 51, 
 (1885.) 
 
 Calamagroslu purpuragcem, R. Br. ; Hook., Fl. II., 240. 
 Arctic sea-shore. (Hooker, Fl.) Fort Yukon. (Eothr. Alask.) 
 Gi'eenland. (Lange.) Dr. Vasey, writes me that Torrey though* this 
 was D. sylvatica. I am of the same opinion, as the purple glumes are 
 a very poor character. 
 
CATALOGUK OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 ZOT 
 
 (2792.) D. rubescens, Vascy, Cat. Grasses, U. S. 51, (1885.) 
 
 Calamagroslis rubescens, Buckl. Proced. Phil. Acad., 92, (1802.) 
 Quite common on burnt slopes in the Rocky Mountains, frdm Banlf 
 westward to Roger's Pass, Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2793.) D. strjgosa, Kunth; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 51, (1885.) 
 Calamagrostris strigosa, Bong. ; Hook., Fl. II., 241. 
 Sitka. {Bongard vide Hooker.) 
 
 (2794.) D. syivatica, Kunth; Vasey, Grasses of U. S. 51, (1885.) 
 
 Calamagrosth xylvatica, DC. ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2137. 
 C. purjjurasccm, K. Br. ; Hook., Fl. II., 240, in part. 
 
 Api)arently a mountain species, extending far to the north Old 
 Bow Fort, near Morley, (1879), and very common westward on dry 
 gravelly slopes throngh the Rocky Mountains to Roger's Pass, in the 
 Solkirks, B.C. (Macoun.) Crow Xest Pass, Rocky Mountains ,' Lewes 
 River, lat. 62°, Pelly Bunks, lat. 62", and Dease River, lat. 59^, N.W.T. 
 and B.C. (Dawson.) Bennett's Lake, Lewes R., B.C. ( W. Oqilvie ) 
 Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2795.) D. Suksdorfii, Scribner, Bull. Torr. Club XV., 9. 
 
 This is an uncommon grass on the burnt ridges covered with Pinus 
 Mitrrayanaut Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains ; and Donald, Colum- 
 bia Valley. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains 1883 
 (Dawson.) ' 
 
 (2796.) D. borealis. 
 
 An imperfectly characterized species, having the general appearance 
 of D. Lapponica, has been named (by Dr. Vusey) D. Vancouverensis in 
 Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. XV., 48. It is indicated as a 
 "small species, 10 or 12 inches high, with spicate panicle IJ to 2 inches 
 long, approaching D. strigosa, Kunth." It grows plentifully in water 
 at Fort George, James Bay. Collected July 1887. (J. M. Macoun ) 
 With Dr. Vasey's permission I have changed the name to the above 
 which is more in accordance with the locality where found. ' 
 
 (2797.) D. Columbiana. 
 
 This species is related to D. Aleut ica, but the specimens are very 
 poor and difficult to characterize. Collected at Ta-gish Lake Lewes 
 River, N.W.T., Sept. 1887. (Dawson.) 
 
208 
 
 QEOLOOICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 699. AMMOPHILA, Host. Gram. Austr. IV., 24. (SAND- 
 GRASS.) 
 
 (2708.) A. arundinacea, Host.; Hook., Fl. II., 241. 
 
 Arundo urnKiria, Linn. ; Miclix., Fl. I., 73 ; I'lirsli, Fl. I., 87. 
 Pmmina littoralif, Beauv. A<?ro8t. 14;5. 
 
 Culomagroflis (troKii'id, Trill. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., iWi'r, Mat'oun, Gat. 
 No. 21 nil. 
 
 Apparently a rare grass un sea beaclics and on the shores ol" the 
 Great Lakes. St. John, and Kouchibouifinu', N.IJ. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Sands of Wellington Beaeh, Prince Edward Co., Ont. ; very abundant 
 on sand at Pic Eivcr, Lake Superior. (Macoiin.) North shore of 
 Lake Superior. (Agassis.) 
 
 (2799.) A. longifolia, Bonth. & Hook. Gen. Plant III., 1153. 
 
 CalamagroHis longi/olia, Hook., Fl. II., 241 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2134. 
 
 A^'ery abundant throughout the whole pi-airie region on sandy ridges, 
 and extending westward to Morley at the base of the IJocky Mountains. 
 {Macoun.) Milk Eiver, north of "West Butte, lat. 49. (Danson.) Souris 
 Plain, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) Saskatchewan Kiver. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 I place this ^ipecios witii Amnnphila, in dei'ercnce to Bentham and 
 Hooker. Dr. Vasey doubts the correctness of this disposition of it. 
 
 700. AIRA, Linn. Gen. 81. (HAIR-GRASS.) 
 
 (2800.) A. CARYOPHvr.LEA, Linn. ; Gray, Man. Ed. Y., 042. 
 
 Introduced and naturalized and very abundant in all the old clear- 
 ings and oak woods in the southern part of A'ancouver Island. 
 (Macoun. Fletcher.) 
 
 (2801.) A. PR.KCOX, Linn. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 041. 
 
 Arena prxcox, Beauv. 
 
 Introduced and natui-alized with the preceding in the southern part 
 Yancouver Island. (Macoun. Fletcher.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 209 
 
 701. DE8CHAMP8IA, Beauv. 
 
 (.'at. 
 
 (2802.) D. atropurpurea, Schoolo ; Viihoy, Cat. Gnvsses U. S. 53, 
 
 (1885.) 
 
 Aim alropurpurca, Wahl. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 042 ; Macoun, Cat. No- 2234. 
 Appui'cntly contiiicd to the mountains of eastern (Juebec, and north- 
 eastward. Siunmit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Q. 
 {Macoun. Porter.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. {J. M. Macoun.) 
 
 Var. minor, Vasoy, Bull. Torr. Club X7., 48. 
 
 " Culms 10-12 inches high, slender, panicle fow-flowerod, Hj)ikelets 
 much smaller than the type." Grassy glades in woods at Fort Gem-ge, 
 James Bay, six mdes from the coast, 188". (<7. M. Macoun.) 
 
 Var. latifolia, Scribner. 
 
 D. latij'olia, Yasey, Grasses of U. States, 53, {18tS5.) 
 
 Aim atro/mrpureit , Wahl ; Hook., Fl. II., 243. 
 
 .1. IntifoVui, Hook., l-l. II., 243 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2237. 
 
 Abundant in the Rocky Mountains, from Canmore westward to 
 Eogor's Pass, Selkirk Mountains. {Macoun.) Quesncl Lake, 2,200 
 feet alt., B.C. (Bowman.) Rocky Mountains. (Jfoo/;er, Fl.) Sitka, 
 Ounalashka, and from Point Barrow to Mackenzie River. {Roi]a\ 
 Alash.) 
 
 (2803.) D. brevifolia, R. Br.; Hook, Fl. II., 242. 
 Aira arctica, Sprong. Bot. Gazette, X., 366. 
 Vicinity of Fort Conger, Grinnell Land, hit. 81° 44'. (Lieut. Greely.) 
 Arctic sea-.shore and islands. (Hooker, Fl.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (2804.) D. C8espit01>a, Beauv. ; Hook., Fl. II., 242. 
 
 Aira cxspitosa, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 77 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2239. 
 A. ambigiui, Michx., Fl. I., 61. 
 
 Abundant in bunches along river banks, from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacitic. Newfoundland. (Rev. A. Waghorne.) Magdalen Islands, X.S. 
 (McKay.) Capo Forteau, Yarmouth, N.8. (Macoun & Burgess.) Xen- 
 nebeccasis, Tabusintac, on the Bathurst Road, Restigouche, N. B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Sheldrake Eiver. and L'Ange-Gardien, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 Crevices of rocks, Jupiter River, and English Bay, Anticosti ; along 
 the Madeline and Ste. Anne des Monts rivers, Gasped, Q. (Macoun^ 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Rocky banks of rivers 
 throughout central and northern Ontario, and extending to Lake- 
 14 
 
210 
 
 GEOI.OaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 Nipigon, and Rainy Lake. (Macoun.) Saugeon, Lake Huron, and at 
 Port Arthur, Lake Superior. (^Bunjess.) Lake Mistassini, N^.E.T. ; 
 Severn River, Keowatin; Moose Mountain Creek, Assiniboia. {J. M. 
 Macoun.) Michipicotin River, and Oba Lake, Ont. ; Oxford House, 
 Keowatin. {R. Bell.) North Foi-k of Old Man River, Rocky Moun- 
 tains ; Lewes River, lat. 62°, and Pelly Banks, iat. 62°, N. W. T. 
 (Dawson.) Not rare along the Saskatchewan and all its branches, and 
 extending north to Peace River, and west through the Rocky Moun- 
 tains to the Columbia Valley. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan to Bear 
 Lake, (Hooker, Fl.) Ouualashka, and the mainland of Alaska. 
 (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 Vai-. arctica, Vaaey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 53, (1885.) 
 
 D. cir.tpitosa, var. ,:*. major, Hook., Fl. II., 241. 
 Arctic sesi-coast. (Hooker, Fl.) Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka, Sitka, 
 and the intei-ior of Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 Var. Bottnica, Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 53, (1885.) 
 
 Jj. Bottnica, Wahl. ; Trin. Icon. t. 255. 
 ShoresoftheGulf of Georgia, and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) 
 Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Port Etches, Alaska. (Barclay.) 
 
 Var. longiflora, Trin. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 53, (1885.) 
 
 Abundant in salt marshes at the moulli of the Nanairao River, and 
 
 along all the coasts of Vancouver Island, either under this form or the 
 
 preceding one. (Macoun.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Vancouver 
 
 city, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) Queen Chai'lotte Islands, B.C. {Dawson.) 
 
 Var. maritima, Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, XV., 48, (N. Var.) 
 This is a very depauperate form, only 6-8 inches high, collected on 
 the South Twin Island, James Bay, by J. M. Macoun, 1887. 
 
 (2805.) D. calycina, Presl, Rel. Ha>nk. I., 251. 
 
 D. dcmlhonioide,'', Munro ; Benth. PI. Hartweg. 342. 
 Aira danthonioides, Trin. ; Hook., Fl. II., 243 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2240. 
 Abundant in desicated places near Victoria, on Mount Tolmie, 
 Cedar Hill, at Goldstream, and Nanairao, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2806.) D. elongata, Munro.; Benth. PI. Hartweg, 342. 
 Airaclongata, Hook., Fl. II., 243; Macoun, Cat. No. 2235. 
 Abundant in numerous places on di-y gravelly soil throughout the 
 southern part of Vancouver Island, at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, Che- 
 mainus, Nanaimo, Qualicum, and Alberni. (Macoun.) Near Victoria, 
 Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
)n, and at 
 , N.E.T.; 
 . (J. M. 
 d House, 
 ky Moun- 
 N. W. T. 
 ichoB, and 
 iky Moun- 
 1 to Bear 
 f Alaska. 
 
 CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 211 
 
 ka, Sitka, 
 
 {Dawson.) 
 
 1885.) 
 River, and 
 »rm or the 
 Vancouver 
 
 {Dawson.) 
 
 Var.) 
 iHected on 
 
 (2807.) D. alba, Kcem. & Schultz. Syst. 11., 188 
 
 Xot rare on rooky soil in the eastern part of Canada. Newfoundand 
 
 ft/^r'?';^''^'^''"'"-- (^'^^"^^^"•) ^^'ain. coast of Labnlr 
 (.ii.Bell.) Near Bedford, Halifax Co., N.S. (Sommrs, Cat.) AbundTn 
 at Kingston, Pirate's Cove, and near Halifa.x, N.8. (MacoLVlloTv 
 banks, Yarn..uth,N.S. ^Bur^ess.) On rocis near the n2t\ t ^ 
 lvennebecca.s, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Eilis Hay, Anticosti. {St. Cy) 
 
 Sh.ckshock Mountains, Gaspc^ Q. (Macoun. Porter.) Pino ...ove 
 two nules west of Pro...ott. Oat. (Billings.) Kooky banks of Lrth 
 Kiver, Eelmont. Poterboro Co. ; crevices of rocks, Hooper's Lake, 
 Hastings Co.; Jones Falls, near Owen Sound; among rocks, (^ueenston 
 1 eights Niagara River; Little Flat Rock Portage, Nipigon River- 
 along Thunder Bay, at Port Arthur, and twenty miles up ti.e Kaminl 
 ist.qua west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Logic.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. (./ M. Macoun.) Greenland. {Langc.) 
 
 702. HOLCUS, Linn. Gen. 1146. (MEADOW SOFT-GRASS) 
 
 (2808 ) H. LANATUs, Linn. ; (Jray, Man. Fd. V., 642. 
 
 Inti-odueed from Europe and cultivated in the maritime provinces 
 and British Columbia. Moist meadows and i-oadsides at Digby and 
 Annapolis, X.S. {Macoun.) Meadows, near London, Ont. (Buraess 
 miman.) Not uncomn.on at Ceda. Hill, and Goldstream, Vancouver 
 Island. {Macoun.) 
 
 No. 2240. 
 it Tolmie, 
 yMacoun.) 
 
 ighout the 
 ream, Che- 
 ir Victoria, 
 
 703. TRISETUM, Pers. Syn. PI. L, 97. 
 
 (280a.) T. canescens, Buckl. Proced. Acad. Philad. 100, (1862.) 
 T. elalum, Boland. Cat. 34. <> 
 
 Not uncommon on rocky soil in the southern part of Vancouver 
 Island, at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, Nanaimo, and Horno Lake, near 
 Qua icum. {Macoun.) Near Sooko, Vancouver Island. {Dawson ) 
 At Agassiz Station, B.C. {Fletcher.) 
 
 (2810.) T. cernuum, Trin.; Hook., Fl. 11., 244. 
 Abundant in grassy and damp woods at Oak Bay, Cedar Hill, and 
 
212 
 
 <iEOLO(JICAli SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 \ 
 
 Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Mount Finlayson, and Sooke^ 
 Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2811.) T. SUbspicatum, Heauv. ; J look., Fl. II., 244. 
 T. airoidef, Koctn. & Sehultz. 
 Rocky margins of cliffs and ravines from Morloy westward through 
 the Rocky and Selkirk mountains, and northward in British Columbia 
 to Port McLeod, lat, 55". (Macoun.) Eastern summit of North Koo- 
 tanie Pass, Rocky Mountains ; Upper Liard River, lat. 60°, Felly 
 Banks, hvt. 62°, Frances Lake, Finlayson Lake, and hills north of that 
 lake, N.W.T. (Daicson.) Ounalashka, and Kotzolme Sound ; and from 
 Point Barrow to Mackenzie River, {Eothr. Alasli.) Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
 (2812.) T. subspicatum, Beauv., var. molle, Gray, Man. Ed. V. 
 
 T. moll, Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Peterab. 64, (1831.) 
 Arena mollis, iMiclix., Fl. I., 72 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 80. 
 
 Very common on rocky banks of rivers and lakes particularly north- 
 ward. Nain, coast of Labrador ; Capo Chudleigh, Cape Pi-ince of 
 Wales, and Diggo's Island, Hudson Strait ; Port Churchill, Hudson 
 Bay. {Ji, Bell.) Newfoundland. (Reeks.) On rocky banks, Resti- 
 gouche River; Upper Gaaperoaux and Upper St. John rivers, N. B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Manowin Island, Seven Islands Bay, and Grand Isle, 
 Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Riviere de Brig, and Jupiter River, Anticosti, 
 Madeline river, Gaspe, Q. ; crevicesof rocks. Partridge Lake, Addington, 
 Co.; sand hills, near Port Hope; and at Oak Hill Pond, Hastings Co. ; 
 along Gull River, Victoria Co. ; very abundant around Lake Superior 
 and Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Along the north shoreof Lake Superior, 
 (Agassiz.) Shore of James Bay north to Cape Jones; Severn River to 
 Hudson Bay, and north to York Factory, (J. M. Macoun.) Michi- 
 picotin River, Ont. (R. Bell.) Middle Branch of North Fork of Old 
 Man River, Rocky Mountains ; Skagit summit, Hope trail, B.C, (Daw- 
 son.) On damp slopes throughout the Rocky and Selkirk mountains; 
 on the summit of Mount Mark, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Rocky 
 Mountains to the Arctic sea-shore and islands. (Hcoker, Fl.) 
 
 704. AVENA, Linn. Gen. 91. (OAT-GRASS.) 
 
 (2813.) A. FATUA, Linn. (Wild Oats.) 
 
 This species is reported from many parts of Ontario and Manitoba, 
 but the only specimen wo have ever seen of it is from Moosomin, in 
 Assiniboia. It makes very good fodder, but as a grain is of no value. 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 21:5 
 
 ikI Sooko, 
 
 I through 
 Columbia 
 forth Koo- 
 G()°, Polly 
 ith of that 
 and from 
 1. (Lange.) 
 
 Ian. Kd. V. 
 
 larly north- 
 Prince of 
 ill, IIudHon 
 nks, llcbti- 
 vors, N. B. 
 Grand Isle, 
 I', Anticosti, 
 , Addington 
 astings Co. ; 
 ce Superior 
 ie Superior, 
 irii River to 
 m.) Michi- 
 '^ork of Old 
 B.C. (Daw- 
 mountains ; 
 m.) llocky 
 
 ri.) 
 
 (2814.) A. pratensis, var. Americana, Scribnor. 
 
 A. versicolor, Vill. ; Hook., Fl. II., 244. 
 Abundant on the prairie, from Portage la Piairio westward to the 
 boundary of Manitoba. (Macoun.) Souris Plain, near Mooso Moun- 
 tain, Assiniboia. (J, M. Macoun.) On gravelly banks around Morley, 
 in the foot-hills of the Ilncky Mountains. (Macoun.) Itocky Moun- 
 tains. (Hooker, Fl.) Brandon, Man. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (2815.) A. Striata, Michx., Fl. f., 27; Pursh, Fl. I., 8G ; Hook., 
 Fl. II., 244. 
 
 Pathor uncommon in woods and thickets over a wide area. Bass 
 Eivcr, Tabusintuc, on J^uthurst Road; Upper St. John, and Petit- 
 codiac, N. B. (Fowler, Cat.) St. Remi, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 Mount Albert, Gaspt', Q. (Porter.) Common in woods at Ottawa. 
 (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Miriwin's \vood8, near Pre.scott, Ont. ; rather 
 rare. (Billiiujs.) Mount Albert, Gasp«5, Q. , Carleton Place, near Ottawa ; 
 quite common in rocky woods at Belleville, Ont.; woods, Reil Bay, 
 Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Lake Medad, near Hamilton, Ont. (Lotjie.) 
 Rich wooded banks, London, Ont. (Bunjess. Millman.) Lake Nipi- 
 gon, and on dry places generally aiound liakc Su|)erioi', and westward 
 up the Kaministiqna. (Macoun.) Hmorson, Man. (Burgess.) Winnipeg, 
 and North West Angle road, Man. (Dawson.) Portage la Prairie, and 
 westward to Fort Kllice; rather uncommon on the lower slopes of the 
 Rocky Mountains, from Canraore westward to the Columbia Valley. 
 (Macoun.) Montreal to the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, FL) Red 
 River, Man., 1827. (Douglas.) 
 
 (281G.) A. ANNUA, Linn. (Cultivated Oat.) 
 
 Successfully grown in every part of Canada, and producing enor- 
 mously in the prairie region and British Cohinbia. It is cultivated as 
 far north as Fort Xorman, at the mouth of Groat Bear Lake River, 
 lat. G5'', long. 123°, west. 
 
 kSS.) 
 
 706. Arrhenatherum, Beauv. (OAT-GRASS.) 
 
 d Manitoba, 
 looBomin, in 
 3f no value. 
 
 (2817.) A. avenacei:m, Beauv. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 642. 
 
 Cultivated on lawns and sometimes in meadows. Kingston, Ont. 
 (Millman.) Lawns at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Sandy meadows, 
 London, Ont. (Burgess.) Cadboro Bay, and Cedar Hill, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) 
 
1 
 
 214 QEOLOOICAI, SDF.VEY OF CANADA. 
 
 706. DANTHONIA, DC. (WILD OAT-GRASS.) 
 
 (2818.) D. Californica, Bolnndor, Proc. Calif. Acad. II., 182. 
 
 Rather common in tiifts at OKI Wives Lakes, oawt end of Red Doer 
 Laiies, and west of Calgary, through the foot-hills of the Jlocky Moun- 
 tains to Canmoro, witliin the mountains; rather common on dry soil 
 around Cedar Kill, and throughout the southern }iart of Vancouver 
 Island, and Nanaimo, Qualicum, and Alberni. (Macoun.) Xorth point 
 of Texada Island, B.C. (Dawson.) Xoar Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) The Vancouver Island form is between the sjiecios and 
 D, unispicata, and seems to unite them. 
 
 (2819.) D. intermedia, Vasey. 
 
 A most interesting grass in its peculiar range and change of habit. 
 Along Jupiter Eiver, Anticosti ; summit of Mount Albert, Gasp^, (J., 
 alt. 4,000 feet ; very abundant in the prairie region, from Portage la 
 Prairie westward to the source of the Qu'Appelle; on the Cypress 
 Hills, and from Calgary westward through the Bow River Pass. Rocky 
 Mountains, to the Columbia Valley; at (roldstream, Wellington Mine, 
 Departure Bay, summit of Mount Mark, near (Qualicum, and on rocks 
 along Barclay Sound, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) Prairies at 
 Emerson, Man. (Burgess.) Red River, Man., 1827. (Dow/las.) 
 
 (2820.) D. spicata, Beauv. ; Hook., Fl. II., 244. 
 
 Avena spicata, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 80. 
 A. (jlumacea, Michx., Fl. I., 73. 
 
 Dry sandy woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific ; not rare but local. 
 Dry banks, Pictou, N.S. (Macoun & McKay.) Baddeck, Cape Breton. 
 (Burgess.) Dry soil, Glenelg, Guysboro Co., X.S. (Farihault.) Dry 
 barrens; common at Bass River, X.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Tobique River, 
 N.B. (Hay.) Montmorency River, Q. {St. Cyr.) Tadousac, Q. 
 (A. T. Drummond.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abun- 
 dant in sandy meadows and almost everywhere around Prescott, Ont. 
 (Billings.) Very common on all dry and sandy soils at Belleville, and 
 westward to Red Bay, Lake Huron. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Logic.) Port Colborne, Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Sandy 
 woodlands, London, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Lake of the Woods. 
 (Burgess.) Little Flat Rock Portage, Lake Xipigon ; twenty-tive 
 miles up the Kaministiqua, and.on sandy soil around Lake .Superior; 
 Red Deer River, lat. 5.3°, Man. ; rather common in the Rocky Moun- 
 
CATALOUIE ()K CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 215 
 
 ,SS.) 
 
 ,, 182. 
 
 f Red Doer 
 )cky Moun- 
 )n dry soil 
 Vancouver 
 Is^ortli point 
 iver Island, 
 spocios and 
 
 tains, at Jloctor. and on dry slopes, C()liiml)ia Vulloy ; sandy woods, 
 Xanaimo, and at Sproat Lake, Alborni, Vancouver Island. (Maojun.) 
 Spocimons appro- -lung />. sen'm/ \voro-,nithored at Sau^'oon, Ont., 
 by Dr. Burgess, and by myself at Red Bay, l.aUe Huron, and Red 
 Deer River, Man. Tlio Vancouvei- Island specimens approach D. inter- 
 jnedia, and it seems to mo that t'urlher examination will reveal tlio 
 existence ot" intornu'diate forms uniting all three in one multiform 
 species. 
 
 (2821.) D. unlsplcata, Munro. in Herb. 
 
 D. Calif omira , viir. iminpicatu, Tluirber, IJot. Calif. 11., 294. 
 Not un'!( mmon on the south and south-western slopes of the Cypress 
 Hills, Alberta. (Macoun.) Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
 ;e of habit. 
 , Gasp^, q., 
 Portage la 
 he Cypress 
 i'ass. Rocky 
 igton Mine, 
 id on rocks 
 Prairies at 
 n«/las.) 
 
 re but local, 
 ape Breton. 
 ault.) Dry 
 )ique River, 
 idonsac, Q. 
 'tt.) Abun- 
 escott, Ont. 
 lleville, and 
 f Hamilton, 
 r6.) Sandy 
 the Woods, 
 twenty-tive 
 i Superior ; 
 ockv Moun- 
 
 707. CYNODON, Pers. (BERMUDA GRASS.) 
 
 (2822.) C. Dactylon, Pers. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., G22. 
 
 Introduced on ballast heaps and becoming naturalized at Nanaimo, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 708. SCHEDONNARDU8, Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. I., HQ 
 
 (2823.) S. Texanus, Steud. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. (Jl, (1885.) 
 LcpliiruK pahiculatus, Nutt. ; Macoun, ('at. No. 2215. 
 On dry slopes at Old Wives Lakes, and Kagle Creek, near the Bad 
 Hills, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) Milk River, Alberta. (Burgess.) Near 
 Wood Mountain, Assiniboia. (Dawson.) Turtle Mountain, Man. 
 (Millman.) 
 
 709. BOUTELOUA, Lagasca. "GRAMA GRASS. 
 
 (2824.) B. hirsuta, Lag.; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 621. 
 B.foma, Torn 
 Apparently rare in the prairie region or more probably overlooked 
 Only noticed south of the Cypress Hills, Alberta. (Macoun.) 
 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
Vi^-: 
 
 / 
 
 '216 
 
 OEOI.oaiCAL SUIIVEV OK CANADA. 
 
 (2825.) B. ollgOStachya, T..ir. ; (Jray, Man. Ed. V., G21. 
 
 Atlurojioijim oligoitiirlii/iim, Nutt., Gen. I., 7B. 
 
 Vlioiidrotiinn iili(jnMitvh<ivm, Torr. in Miircy'H Hop., 300. 
 
 KulriittiK oli(j()iiliiclniurn, Kiiiitli ; Hook., M. II., 'J42. 
 AliuridunI on tho dry prnirio from Winnipoj; woHtward to tlio IJooUy 
 Mouiitain8, and OMpcoially soiitliwaid of tho Canadian PaoKic Railway. 
 (Maroun.) PlainH of tho SaHkatcliowan to tlic RocUy MounlainM.' 
 (Hooker, Fl.) Tuitlo Mountain, Man. ; and C'otoau do Missouii, 
 AHsiniboia. {Ihmjesa.) 
 
 (2820.) B* racemosa. IjKKm Vanoy, Cat. GrasHOH U.S. C3, (1886.) 
 
 B. curltjinidnlii, (iray, Man. Kd. V., 021. 
 
 Chloric rurtlpniilvJn, Michx., Fl. I., W^. 
 
 Athifopoijon (ijtbulo'iihs, Wiilil. ; riirsli, Fl. I., 76. 
 
 Eulrinmi curliiundula, 'I'rin. Di.-.s. I., 24!J. 
 
 Ciinosiira.'' Kic\milm, I'lir.sii, Fl. II., 728, 
 A very mro and boautil'ul Hi)ocio8, on i-ocity banks. On dry lirao- 
 stono rockn at llooly Falls, Rivor Trent, Northumberland Co.; rocky 
 bank alon;^ tho <irand Trunk Kailwny. oant of Shannonvillo Station, 
 Hastings Co., Ont. (Mdcoun.) Fort Garry, Man. (Bunjess.) Stony 
 Mountain, Man. (Fletcher.) 
 
 710. PHRACMITES, Trin. (REED-GRASS.) 
 
 (2827.) P. communis, Trin. j Hook., Fl. IT., 241. , 
 
 Arundo I'hrtujmiUs, Linn.; Piirsli, Fl. I., 8(5. 
 In ]»ond8 and marshes and by lake margins, from tho Atluutic west- 
 ward to the Pacific. At Truro, and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.) Rosti- 
 gouche, St. Stephen, and Sackvillo, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Rostigoucho 
 River, opposite Campbellton, N.B. ; also J upitor River, Anticosti. 
 (Macoun.) Prescott and Ottawa railway bridge, Ottawa. (Fletcher, 
 Fl. Ott.) Along tho railway, four miles from Proscott .Tunetion, Ont. 
 (Billimjs.) Abundant in jnarslio.s along tho Bay of Quinte, at Belle- 
 ville, and all marshes in contral Ontario, and westward to Lake Huron, 
 at Red Bay and Owen Sound ; also tiftoon miles up tho Kaministiqua, 
 west of Port Arthur. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) 
 Marshes along Lake Ontai-io, at Kingston, Ont. (Millman.) Michi- 
 picotin River, and Lonely Lake, Ont. (B. Bell.) Grassy Narrows, 
 Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Abundant in marshes north-west 
 of Fdmonton, and around the west end of Lesser Slave Lake, and 
 north to Lake Athaba.sca. (Macoun.) Marsh at "'Chinaman's Ranche" 
 near Cliche Creek, B.C. (Fletcher.) Saskatchewan River. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
CATALuaiE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 m 
 
 711. TRIPLA8I8, Beauv. 
 
 (2828.) T. purpurea, Chiij). ; Vnsoy, Cut. (JrnssoH U.S.GT, (188ft.) 
 UraUpiit }iur/)iiri n, Niitt. 
 On tho sandy hIidic nf Lake fOrio, at Toint anx I»ins, and Point 
 Poldo. (liunjess.) 
 
 712. MUNROA, Torr. I3ot. Whipple Ivxp. 102. 
 
 (2829.) M. squarrosa, Ton-.; VaHoy.Cat. GniHHOH U.S. CO, (1885.) 
 On alliiviuni in llic valley of |{cd Deer Rivor, flvo miles oast of tho 
 Hand Hills, All.orta, 1S7!». (.Wtcoun.) 
 
 713. CYN08URU8, Linn. Con. 87. (DOG'S-TAIL GRASS.) 
 
 (2830.) C. cnisTATrs, Linn. ; Hook. Student's Flora, 488. 
 
 On lawns and in meadows; seldom oiiltivatod. (Quebec, near tho 
 Parliament buildings. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity of Montreal, (d. liantston.) 
 Lawns at Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Occasionally mot with at 
 London, Ont. {Burge&s.) Noar Victoria, Vancoiivor Island. (Fletcher.) 
 Ohn-erdale, near Mctoi-ia. (Jo/m Tolmie.) 
 
 714. KCELERIA, Pers. Syn. PI. I., 97. 
 
 (2831.) K. cristata, Pers. ; Hook., Fl. II., 249. 
 
 Very abundant in the whole prairie region, and from tho contines of the 
 forest to Vancouver Island, and northward to Athabasca Lake. Sandy 
 ground, London, Ont.; and Emerson, xMan. (Burgm. Millman.) Moose 
 Mountain Crook, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) Brandon, Man. (Prof. 
 Fou-kr.) Cypress Hills, Pcd Deer Lakes, and thioughout tho whole 
 Saskatchewan country to Peace Rivoi- ; also from Brandon westward 
 by Calgary through tho Eocky .Mountains to Castle Mountain. 
 (Macoun.) Kmorson to the Rocky Mountains, on tho 49th parallel; 
 North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains ; also Kliguck Lako^ 
 B.C. (Dawson.) Abundant in northern British Columbia to lat. 54° ; 
 
218 
 
 OEOI-OaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 common in many localities, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Mount 
 Finlayson, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Lake Winnipeg, and Red 
 Eiver to the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, FL) Red River, Man., 1827. 
 (Douglas.) 
 
 Var. gracilis, (h-ay, Man. Ed. V., 625. 
 
 Oak Bay, and Nanaimo, Vancouver Island; rather common. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. major, Vasey. (MS.) N. Var. 
 
 A very fine variety, strikingly like large specimens of Eatonia obtu- 
 sata. Cedar Hill, and Goldstream, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 715. 'EATONIA, Rafln. Journ. Phys. LXXXIX. 
 
 (2832.) E. obtusata, (iray, Man. Ed. V., 026. 
 
 Ka'lerio tnincala, Torr., Fl. I., 210. 
 
 Aira Iruncala, Miihl. Gram. 83. . 
 
 A. ol4usatn,'M'Khx.,V\.J,,G2. 
 
 Jiihoulea (jracllis, Kunth ; Hook., Fl. II., 249, in part. 
 Rather rare in Ontario. In tufts in moist open woods, near Belle- 
 ville ; also near Grafton, Northumberland Co. ; and at Red Bay, Lake 
 Huron, Ont. ; along the South Saskatchewan, at the Klbow. Assiniboia. 
 (Macoun.) Red River, Man., 1827. (Douglas.) 
 
 (2833.) E. Pennsyivanica, Gray, Man. Ed. V., (526. 
 
 Kukria (?) Pennsylramcn, DC. (1813.) 
 
 Aira mollis, jMuIiI. Gram. 81. 
 
 Bchouka gracilis, Kunth ; Hook., Fl. II., 249, in part. 
 Along river margins, chioHy in alluvial soil, from the Atlantic to 
 British Columbia. Rcstigouiho, and Kennebeccasis ; rather scarce, 
 N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Charlotte Co., X.B. ( Vroom.) Titusville, King's 
 Co., N.B. (Brittain.) Jupiter River, Anticosti ; Ste. Anne des Monts 
 Rivci, Gasp^, Q. (Macoun.) AVaste places near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) 
 Along the Moira, at Belleville, and in many places throughout central 
 Ontario, extending westward to Owen Sound, and thenco northerly to 
 the mouth of Nipigon River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Low woods 
 near London, Ont. (Millman.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassi:.) 
 Between Fort Severn and York Factory, Hudson Bay ; Washow Bay, 
 Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Along the Columbia River, at 
 *Donald ; apparently rare. (Macoun.) Near the Falls of Niagara; 
 Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountain?, (Booker, Fl.) Emerson, Man. 
 (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
CATALOGUE OK CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 219 
 
 716. CATABR08A, Beauv. Agrost. 70. 
 
 (2834.) C. aquatica, Beauv.; Hook., Fl. II., 249. 
 
 Eather rare in springs and small brooks eastward. Pentecost River, 
 Q. (St. Cyr.) Boggy place, near Salt Lake, Anticosti; Mont Louis, 
 Gaspd coast, Q. {Macoun.) Lake Mista.ssini, KE.T.; Fort George, 
 James Bay ; Severn River, Keewatin ; also west coast of Hudson Bay, 
 and Qu'Appelle River, at Fort Qu'Ap).elle, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 Swift Current Creek, Assiniboia; Crawling Valley, south of the Hand 
 Hills, Alberta ; abundant around a large spring west of Morley Station, 
 Rocky Mountains. {Macoun.) Wood Mountain, and Milk River, lat. 
 49°. {Burgess. Dawson.) York Factoi-y, Hudson Bay, to the Rocky 
 Mountains. {Hooker, Ft.) Sitka, and Kotzebue Sound. {Rothr. Alask.) 
 Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
 717. ERACRO^TIS, Beauv. Agrost. 70. 
 
 aniic to 
 scai'ce. 
 King's 
 
 Man. 
 
 (2835.) E. MA,joR Host. Gram. 4, t. 24. 
 
 E.poxoiJt's, var. mcgastachija, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 631. 
 Briza EmgroMw, Linn. ; Michx., FI. I., 72 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 72. 
 Megastachyn EragrosHs, Beauv. Agrost- 74. 
 
 Introduced 11 long some of the railways in Ontario. Point Edward, 
 River St. Clair, Ont. (,/. M. Macoun.) Along the railway at Windsor, 
 Ont. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2836.) E. MINOR, Host.; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 72, (1885.) 
 
 £. ;)0.TOi(/e.s Boauv.; Gray, Man. Ed. v., 631. 
 Poa Eragrosdn, Linn.; Pursli, Fl. I., 80. 
 
 Waste places and in cultivated grounds. London, and Point Peloe, 
 Lake Erie. {Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logie.) In 
 fields at Royston, Park, Owen Sound. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2837.) E. PuRSiiii, Schrad.; Gi-ay, Man. Ed. V., 632. 
 
 Apparently introduced along railways. In fields at Port Colborne, 
 and Windsoi', Lake Erie. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2838.) E. reptans, Nees; Gray, 3lan. Kd. V., 631. 
 
 Poa reptam, xMichx., Fl. I., 6'.i; Pursli, Fl. I., 81 ; Hook., Fl. II., 245. 
 Along the Salmon River, four miles above the railway bridge, near 
 
 k 
 

 220 
 
 OEOLOaiCAL SURVEY OF CANADA 
 
 Sbannonvillo, Hastings Co. ; common on alluvial soil, near Belleville, 
 and in many places in Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) llivor flat, Don 
 Valley, Toronto, Ont. (Burgess.) Along the Eecl Eiver, at Winniijeg; 
 common. (Fletcher.) 
 
 It H 
 
 718. MELICA, Linn. Gen. S2. 
 
 (2839.) M. acumipata, Bohmdor, Procod. Calif. Acad. IV., 104. 
 
 Fastuca subulata, Bong. Veg. Sitch. 173 ; Hook, Fl. II., 251. 
 Bromus suhulatus, Griseb ; Gray, Proced. Am. Acad. VIII., 410. 
 
 Not uncommon in shady woods at Oak Bay, Gordon Head, and 
 
 Nanaimo, Goldstroam, Qualieum, and Alberni, Vancouver Island. 
 
 (Macoun.) Sitka. {Rothr. Alask.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver 
 Island. {Fletcher.) 
 
 (2840.) M. aristata, Thurbor; Bolandor Proced. Calif. Acad. IV., 
 103. 
 
 Abundant in the valleys of the Selkirk Mountains, especially in 
 Beaver and Bear Creek valleys. {Macoun,'^ 
 
 (2841.) M. bulbosa, Gcyer; Hook. Journ. Bot. VIII., 19. 
 
 M. poxoidcs, Terr. Pacif. K, Rep. IV. I."i7. 
 
 Rather common in the Rocky Mountains, ard British Columbia. 
 "Western summit of South Kootanio Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) 
 Not rare iu northei-n British Columbia to Fort McLeod, lat. 55°. 
 (Macoun.) . 
 
 (2842.) M. Harfordii, Bolander, Proced. Calif Acad. IV., 102. 
 
 Rather rare in rocky ground at Oak Bay, and in oak woods near 
 Cloverdale, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 719. PLEUROPOCON, R. Br. 
 
 (2843.) P. Sabinii, R'. Br.; Hook,, Fl. II., 240. 
 
 Melville Island. (Hooker, FL) Port Kennedy, west coast of 
 Baffin's Bay, lat. 72°. (Dr. Walker.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 221 
 
 720. DI8TICHLIS, Rafln. (SPIKE-GRASS.) 
 
 (2844.) D. maritima, Rui'. Journ. Phys. LXXXIX., 104. 
 
 Brizopyrum spicaium. Hook. & Am. ; Hook., Fl. II., 2o4, in part; Gray, 
 
 Man. Ed. V., 628. 
 B. borcale, Presl, Kel. Hfcnk. I., 280. 
 B. Americ(i)ium, Link. Hort. Berol. I., IGO. 
 Poa Michuuxn, Kuntli, Enuin. I., 325. 
 Festwa diHichoph;illa, Michx., ¥]. I., 67; Pursh, Fl. I., 84. 
 Abundant in salt marshes at Yictoria, Cudboro Bay, and Nanaimo 
 on the oast, and Barclay Sound on tho west side of Vancouver Island, 
 (^Macoun.) Straits of De Fuca, and Nootlca. (Booker, Fl) 
 
 Var. stricta, Thurber, Bot. Calif. [I., 30G. 
 Brizopyrum xpicatum, var. Hrictum, Gray. 
 B. Kpicatum, Hook. & Am. ; Hook., Fl. II., 254, in part; Macoun, Cat. 
 
 No. 2175. 
 Poa hori'ale, Hook., Fl. II., 245. 
 
 We place all oui- interior specimens under tho variety, as they have 
 the loose panicle, few erect spikeiets and pale green color that 
 characterize it, Vei-y abundant by salt mai-shes throughout tho whole 
 prairie region, from Winnipeg westward to the mountains, and tho dry 
 interior of British Columbia. Hand Hills, and Eetl Deer Lakes, 
 Alberta. (Macoun.) Maple Creek, Alberta. (J. M. Macoun.) Thompson 
 Eiver, B.C. (,/. A. HilL) " Chiiuiman's Eanche," above Sponce's 
 Bridge, B. C. {Fletcher.) Plains of tho Red River to the Rocky 
 Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Milk River, lat. 49°. (Millman.) Saline 
 soil, Wood Mountain, Assiniboia. (Burgess.) Red River, Man., 1827. 
 (Dow/las.) 
 
 721. DACTYLIS, Linn. Gen. 86, (ORCHARD GRASS.) 
 
 (2845.) D. GLOMEUATA, Linn. ; Nees, Gen. t. 65. 
 
 Cultivated in orchards and lawns, and escaped to roadsides in many 
 parts of the older provinces. It seems better suited for Vancouver 
 Island than timothy, as it produces better pasture. 
 
222 QEOLOatCAL SURVEr OF CANADA. 
 
 72Q. BRIZA, Linn. Gen. 84. (QUAKINGIGRASSJ 
 
 
 •:•-<■' 
 
 ■t 
 
 (2846.) B. MEDIA, Linn.; Gray, Man. Ed. V., G33. 
 
 Introduced and naturalized in a few places. Meadow near London, 
 Ont. ; very rare, {Millman.) O dry rocks at the Halfway House, 
 near Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 723. POA, Linn. Gen. 83. (MEADOW GRASS. 
 
 (2847.) P. abbreviata, E. Br. ; Hook., Fl. II., 247. 
 
 Melville Islands, and Igloolik ; Kotzebue Sound. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Port Bowen, Labrador, 1825. (Lieut. Moss.) Digge's Island, Hudson 
 Strait. (R. Bell.) On rocks near the sea, Cadboro Bay, and on sand 
 at Qualicum, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Lange.) Some 
 of these references are doubtful. 
 
 (2848.) P. aipina, Linn.; Hook., Fl. II., 246. 
 
 Abundant on mountains and on the northern coast. Nain, coast of 
 Labrador; and Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait. (M. Bell.) New- 
 foundland. (Sir Joseph Banks.) Jupiter Eiver, and Gunn Eiver, 
 Anticosti ; Eivi^re Ste. Anne des Monts, Gasp^, Q. (Macoun.) Mount 
 Albert, Gasp6, Q. (^Porter.) Harbor Island, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) At Otter Head, and Pie 
 Island, Lake Superior ; Point Wilkins, Lake Winnipegoosis, Man. 
 (Macoun.) " The Twins," James Bay ; west coast of Hudson Bay. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) York Factory to Fort Churchill. (B. Bell.) Between 
 Eepulse Bay and Cape Lady Pelly. (Dr. Rae.) Eathei- abundant on 
 the Eocky Mountains, from thi /ananaskis westward to Eoger's Pass, 
 in the Selkirk Mountains; Stewart's Lake Mountain, and Fort Mc- 
 Leod, B.C. ; summit of Mounts Benson and Arrowsmith, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Eastern and western summits of North Kootanie 
 Pass, Eocky Mountains; Lake Lindeman, lat. 59° 40', B.C., and Pelly 
 Banks, lat. 62°, N.W.T. (Dawson.) From the elevated grounds of the 
 Saskatchewan to the Eocky Mountains, and Bear Lake. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Pond's Bay, Baffin's Bay. (Dr. Walker.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
 (2849.) D. aisodes, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 630. 
 
 P. nemoralit, Terr., Fl. I., 111. 
 Dartmouth,- near Halifax, N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) 
 
 Between Florence- 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS, 
 
 223 
 
 ville, and Andover, N.B. (Brittain.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) 
 Damp woods, near London, Out. (Burgess. Millman.) 
 
 (2850.) P. andina, Nutt.; Vasoy, Cat. Grasses U. S., 79, (1885.) 
 
 This species seems to be badly characterized or poorly understood. 
 Unpava, Labrador. ( Barmton.) Sand beaches, Poplar River, Lake 
 Nipigon, Ont. (Maconn.) 
 
 Var. purpurea, Vasey. (MS.) 
 
 Red Deer Lakes, Hand Hills, and Rod Deer River, Alberta. (Macoun.) 
 
 (285L) P. ANNUA, Linn.; Hook., Fl. U., 245. ,' 
 
 This species has become naturalized wherever settlements have been 
 made, and it seems to thi-ive as well on the shores of Hudson Bay as 
 under the gonial skies of Vancouver Island. Greenland. { Lange,) 
 
 (2852.) P. Bolanderi, Vasey, Coult. Bot. Gaz. VJI., 32. 
 On sand at Sooko, Vancouver Island. {Fletcher.) 
 
 (2853.) P. csesia, Smith; Gray, Man. Ed. V., G20. 
 
 P. nemoralis, Hook., Fl. II., 240. 
 
 /•. 5»/aMca, Vahl., Fl.^an. t. 964, (1790.) 
 An abundant and useful grass forming much of the pasture in the 
 eastern and northern parts of the prairie region. At Windsor, N.S. 
 (Macoun.) Taborville, King's Co., N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Summit of 
 Mount Albert, Gasp<5, Q. (Porter.) Very common at Belleville, along 
 the River Moira, Ont. ; north-east coast of Lake Superioi-, and around 
 Thunder Bay, and up the Kaministiqua to Kakabeka Falls. (Macoun.) 
 Gravelly shores, London, and Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Severn River, and west coast of 
 Hudson Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) Point Wilkins, Lake Winnipegoosis, 
 3Ian. ; west of Touchwood Hills ; Brandon, and Old Wives Lakes ; 
 south of Battleford. (Macoun.) Moose Mountain Creek, Assiniboia. 
 (J. M. Macoun.) North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains ; 
 Lake Lindeman, lat. 59° 40'; Dease River, lat. 59°; Frances River, 
 lat. 61°; Polly Bai.k8, lat. 62°, B.C., and N.W.T. (Dawson.) Spenoe's' 
 Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.) 
 
 Var. strictior, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 629. » 
 
 Damp rocks .-^ear Sault Ste. Marie ; Flat Rock Portage, Nipigon 
 House, Lake Nipigon ; on dry slopes of the foot-hills of the Rocky 
 Mountains, at Morley. (Macoun.) Wot gravelly shore of Lake 
 Superior, at Port Arthur. (Burgess.) 
 
224 
 
 GEOLOGICAI. SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 fl 
 
 (2854.) P. cenisia, All. ; Vasoy, Cat. Grasses U. S., 81, (1885.) 
 
 P. arctica, R. Br.; Hook., FI. II., 246, in part; Maeoun, Cat. No. 2191. 
 Pflexuom, Wahl. Fl. Suec. (1824.) 
 
 Labrador ; Rocky Mountains to tho Ai'Ctic .soa-shoro and islands in 
 every direction. {Hooker, Fl.) Ford's Harbor, Labrador ; CapeChud- 
 leigh, Nottingham Island, Digge's Island, and Mansfield Island, Hud- 
 son Strait. {R. Bell.) Fort George, Little Charlton Island, and " The 
 Twins," James Bay ; west coast of Hudson Bay. (,7. M. Maeoun.) 
 Bctv .'on Fort Churchill and Cape Lady Poll}', north of Hudson Bay. 
 (L. . ,ie.) Point Barrow, Alaska. (John Murdoch.) Cape Lisburne, 
 Kotzebuo Sound, Ounalashka, and Sitka. (Jiothr. Alask.) On the beds 
 of snow-slides on all the higher Rocky and Selkirk mountains. 
 {Maeoun.) Hills north of F'inlayson Lake, N.W.T. (Dawson.) Green- 
 land. (Lnn'je.) 
 
 i^i:'- ,,, t . "''MPREssA, Linn. (English Blue Grass.) 
 
 Thlc ii . ' . .cred an excellent pasture grass, but is much infei-ior to 
 Poa piateivia. Or-uro, Annapolis and Kingston, N. S. (Maeoun.) 
 Harvi ' York 0. ; ^'- '"Iviiicton Junction, and St. John; Bellisle, N.B. 
 (FcHtr, Cc > R) Jh Ldands, N.S. (.T.Richardson.) St. Charles 
 
 River, Q. (St. Uii:., ; i, Ste. Anno des Monts River, Gaspe, Q. 
 (Maeoun.) Vicinity of Tadoubac, Q. (^1. 1^ Drummond.) Xeighbor- 
 hood of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common at Prescott, Ont. 
 (BillinffS.) Very common throughout central Ontario, in old pastures, 
 and westward to Owen Sound. (Maeoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 (Logie.) Sterile sandy soil, London, Ont. ; also Parry Sound, Georgian 
 Bay. (Burgess.) [n pastures at Codar Hill, and Cloverdale, Vancouver 
 Island. (Maeoun.) 
 
 (2856.) P. Californica, Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 81, (1885.) 
 
 P. andina, Nutt. in lierlj. Gray ; Maeoun, Cat. No. 2185. 
 Era(jro!<tis Fendhri, Steud. Sj'n. Gram. 278. 
 Atropis Californica, Munro. (MS.) 
 
 Abundant on tho mountain slopes along the Fraser River, at Lytton,. 
 and up the Thompson to Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Maeoun.) 
 
 (2857.) P. cuspidata, Vasey & Scribner. 
 
 Rather common on tho higher slopes of the Rocky and Selkii-k 
 mountains, and frequent in all the valleys. (Maeoun.) 
 
 (2858.) P. debiliS, Torr. Bot. N. York, II., 459. 
 
 Not uncommon in woods eastward. Rocky woods at Pirate's Cove, 
 Canso, N.S. (Maeoun & Burgess.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.y 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 22& 
 
 Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.) Along Ste. Anne des Monts River, 
 Gaspo, Q. {Macoun.) Mount All.ert, GasptS Q. {Porter.) Miriwini 
 Woods, Prescott, Ont. ; rare. (Billings.) Dry rooky ground in woods 
 at Shannonville, and Belloviile, Hastings Co., Ont. ; dry spots, Current 
 Eiver, Luke Superior, and Lake Nipigon ; Niagara Falls, and Port 
 Stanley, Ont. (ilfacown.) London, Ont. (Mlllman) Vicinity of Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. (Logic.) Kemptvillc, Ont. (Porter.) 
 
 Var. acutiflora, Vasoy. (MS.) 
 
 Common in woods and thickets at Truro, KS. (Macoun k Burgess.} 
 (2859.) P. Eatoni, Watson. 
 East end of Cypress Hills, Alberta, 1880. (Macoun.) 
 
 (28G0.) P. flavicans, Ledeb. ; Rothr. Alask. PI., 467. 
 Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2861.) P. glumarlS, Trin.: Hook., Fl. II., 247. 
 Gli/ccria glimari.", Ledeb.; Rotlir. Alask. PI. 458. 
 Islands of St. Lawrence, and Sitka, peninsula of Alaska, and Kotze- 
 bue Sound. (Hooker, Fl. Rothr. Alask.) Mingan Islands. Q. (St. Cyr.} 
 Magdalen Islands, X.S. (McKay.) English Bay, Anticosti; Grand 
 Etang, Gaspd coast, Q. (Macoun.) Temiscouata, Q. (Pringle.) 
 
 (2862.) P. Howellii, Vasey & Scribner. 
 
 On the slopes of dry gravelly hillsides at Goldstreara, Nanaimo, 
 and Somenos, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2863.) P. laxa, Hsenk. ; Hoolc, Fl. II., 246. 
 
 On the open prairie, Emerson, Man. (Burgess. Millman.) Near 
 Edmonton, on the Saskatchewan ; on a mountain summit near Kicking 
 Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Hudson Bay to the Arctic 
 islands. (Booker, Fl.) Pond's Bay and Port Kennedy, west coast of 
 Baffin's Bay, lat. 72°. (Dr. Walker.) Nelson River, Keewatin. (R.Bell.). 
 
 (2864.) P. leptocoma, Trin. 
 
 Sitka. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Hook., Fl. II., 247. 
 
 (2865.) P. Macouniiy Vasey. (inod.) 
 
 Abundant on the upper slopes of the Rocky Mountains, at Kicking 
 Horse Lake, (1885.) (Macoun.) 
 
 (2866.) P. nemoralis, Linn.; Hook., Fl. II., 246; Pursh, Fl. L, 79. (?) 
 Amongst gravel in the valley of Jupiter River, Anticosti ; Moose 
 16 
 
J: 
 
 22G 
 
 OKOLOOICAL SURVET OF CANADA. 
 
 ■i ,;. 
 
 Mountain, Awsiniboia; on tho lower nlopes in openings of the pine 
 woods in the Rocky Mountiiins, at Castle Mountain; on sand in the 
 valley of Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) Kotzebue 
 Sound. {Rothr. Alask.) Moose Factory, James Bay. (^Cottar & Dr. 
 Hayden.) (ireenlaud. {Lange.) 
 
 (2867. > P. 
 Alaska. 
 
 Nutkaensis, Prosl. 
 
 ( Vasey.) 
 
 (2fi68.) P. Nevadensis, Vasey. 
 
 On cliffs along the sea at Esquimalt, and Gordon Head, near Vic- 
 toria, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2869.) P. pratensis, Linn.; Hook., Fl. II., 246. 
 
 This species is one of tho most widely spread and most valuable 
 grasses we have in the country. It is found in almost every situation, 
 but prefers sandy or gravelly tields, whore in a few years it takes com- 
 plete possession . Its value for hay is not nearly so great as for pas- 
 ture. Although often despised by the farmer it is the best friend he 
 has, :is his animals feed upon it for nearly tho whole summer. The form 
 generally found in the tields has been inti-oduced, but it is indigenous 
 both in the noi-th and west, and is destined to be the groat pasture 
 grass of our Xorth-wcst Territories, (rreenland. (^ Lange.) 
 
 (2870.) P. purpurascens, Vasey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VI., 297. 
 
 On the upper slopes of tho Bocky and Selkirk mountains; very 
 
 abundant; summit of Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, alt. 5,700 
 
 feet. (Macoun.) 
 
 i 
 (2871.) P. serotina, Ehrh. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., G29. 
 
 P. paluntriit, Mulil. Gram. 150. 
 
 P. crocata, Michx., Fl. I., 68 ; Hook., Fl. II., 246. 
 
 Abundant in wet swampy places from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Truro, and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Baddeck, Cape Breton. (Bwr- 
 gess.) Magdalen Islands, N.S. (McKay.) Along biooks in damp 
 tields, Bass liiver ; Hampton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Beauport, Q. (St. 
 Cyr.) Open places. Huckleberry Rapids, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) 
 Tadousac, Q, (A. T. Drummond.) Along the Gasp^ coast, atMatane; 
 Salt Lake, Anticosti. {Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (^Fletcher, II. 
 Ott.) Common in wet places at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Very 
 common throughout central Ontario, and extending northerly around 
 Lakes Huron and Superior to Rainy Lake. (Macoun.) North shore 
 of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) Swampy ground near London. (Millman. 
 
CATALOQLE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 227 
 
 ;he pino 
 1 in the 
 
 ar & Dr. 
 
 loar Vic- 
 
 valuftble 
 situation, 
 ikcs com- 
 i for pas- 
 friend he 
 The form 
 idigonous 
 t pasture 
 
 VI., 297. 
 ins ; very 
 alt.' 5,700 
 
 e Pacific. 
 On. (Bur- 
 in damp 
 t, Q. {St. 
 D' Urban.) 
 t Matane ; 
 'etcher, II. 
 IS.) Very 
 ly around 
 )rth shore 
 (Millman. 
 
 Burgess.) Vicinily of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) (iravelly shore of 
 Lake Superior, at Port Aithur, Ont. (Burgess.) Nelson River, Kce- 
 watin, (R. Bell.) Moose Mountain, Assiniboiu. (J. M. Macoun.) Sand 
 Creek, Kootunie Valley, Rocky Mountainw. (Dawson.) Cotcau de 
 Missouri; abundant on the Saskatchewan, and northward to Lake 
 Athabasca; very common in wot places and ditches, Vancouver Island. 
 {Maijoun.) Lake Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Red River, Man., 1827. (Douglas) 
 
 We have vars. HalUi and erecta from the prairie region, but they 
 may be only transient forms of the species, and not good varieties. 
 
 (2S72) P. stenantha, Trin.; Hook., Fl. II., 247. 
 I'esluca wrrom, Ilonk., Fl. II., 251. (?) 
 Sitka, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Nootka Sound, west coast 
 of Vancouver Island. (Hooker, Fl.) On the beds of snow slides on the 
 higher Selkirk Mountains in Roger's Pass, RC. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2873.) P. 8Ub-ari8tata, Scribner. 
 
 On the summits of the higher Rocky Mountains, from Canmore 
 westward to the Columbia. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2874.) P. tenuiflora, Xutt. ; Gray, Proced. Am. Acad. VIII., 409 
 Alroph tcnuijlora, Thurbor, Bot. Calif. II., 310. 
 An exceedingly valuable grass, especially in the foot-hills of the 
 Rocky Mountains and throughout British Columbia. One of the 
 "Bunch Glasses.'' In its numerous unrecognized varieties it extends 
 from Brandon westward through the whole prairie region, especially 
 to the south, and appears again west of the Rocky Mountains, whore 
 it is the chief pasture grass, and forms part of the natural haydu 
 northern British Columbia. On Vancouver Island it is abundant, 
 from the sea-coast to the snow-line, and hence is essentially the native 
 pftsturage grass of the Pacific coast. 
 
 Var. Oregona, Vase}-, Cat. Grasses U.S. 85, (1885.) 
 This variety has only been detecteil along the coast of Vancouver 
 Island, from Victoria, to Nanaimo. 
 
 (2875.) P, TRiviALis, Linn. (Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass.) 
 
 Introduced in ballast at Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) A number 
 
 of forms of this fine grass were abundant in the wet pastures at, and 
 
 around, Victoria, Vancouver Island ; doubtless introduccil. (Macoun.) 
 
 We have still a number of undetermined forms of Poa, some of 
 
228 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 whicli may be good species, but we have not material enough on 
 hand to come to any decision. This genus is well represented in 
 Canada, and the fact that such species as P. cct'sia, pratensis, serotina, 
 and tenuifiora, are found through(Jut the nortli, shows clearly that 
 Oanada wherever denuded of forest is the land of butter, cheese and 
 beef, for future generations. 
 
 724. CRAPHEPHORUM, Desv. (1810.) 
 
 (28Y6.) C. melicoides, Bcauv. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 626. 
 
 Dupontia Cooleyi, Gray, Man. Ed. II., (1856.) 
 
 Petltcodiac, and Titusville, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Simonds, Carleton 
 Co., N.B. (Brittain.) Mount Albert, Gaspe, Q. (Porter.) Abundant 
 along the coast of Anticosti, at Eivitiro de Brig ; five miles up the 
 Madeline Eiver, Ga^po coast, Q ; on the bank of the Trent, half-way 
 between Meyorsburg and Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ont. ; 
 shore of Bed Bay, Lake Huron ; very abundant at the Pic River, Lake 
 Superior. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2877.) C. Wolfii, Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 55, (1885.) 
 
 "Head of the Mountain," west end of Cypress Hills, Alberta. 
 {Macovn.) 
 
 725. DUPONTIA, R. Br. 
 
 (2878.) D. Fischeri, E. Br.; Hook., Fl. IL, 242. 
 
 Arctic sea-coast and i.slands. (Hooker, Fl.) Cape Prince of Walts, 
 and Nottingham Island, Hudson Strait. (B. Bell.) Port Kennedy, 
 west coast of BaflSn's Bay. (^Dr. Walker.) Point Barrow. (John 
 Murdoch.) Between Eepulse Bay and Cape Lady Pelly. (Dr. Bae.) 
 
 (2879.) D. psilosantha, Eupt. ; Symb. PI. Eoss. 64. 
 
 Kotzebue Sound. (Roihr. Alask.) Arctic coast to Hudson Bay. 
 (Vasey.) Greenland. (Lange.) 
 
snough on 
 ssonted in 
 !, scrotina, 
 mrly that 
 heoso and 
 
 , Carleton 
 Abundant 
 les up the 
 , half-way 
 Co., Ont.; 
 :iver, Lake 
 
 CATALOdUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 220 
 
 726. ARCTOPHILA, Rupt. 
 
 (2880.) A. fulva, Rupt. ; Vasoy, Cat. Gimsos U.S. 88, (1885.) 
 
 Colpodlumfulmm, Wlob. Hothrock PI. Alask., 458 
 Poafiiiva, Trin.; Hook., Fl. 11., 247. 
 
 Kotzebuo Sound. {Roth,, Alask.) Arctic coast. iVasey.) Point 
 Barrow. {John Munloch.) ^ n J 
 
 (2881.) A. Laestadii, Rupt. ; Vasoy, Cat. Grasses U.S. 88, (1S85.) 
 A. pendidina, And. 
 Nottingham and Mansfield islands, Hudson Straits; coast of Hudson 
 J3ay. {R Bell.) West coast of Hudson Bay, lat. 5G°. {J. M. Macom.) 
 
 (2882.) A. mucronata, Hack. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 88, (1885.) 
 Arctic coast. ( Vasey.) 
 
 727. FLUMINIA, Fries. 
 
 'i 
 
 Alberta. 
 
 (2883.) F. arundinacea, Fries. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 88, (1885.) 
 Fegtwa horealh, Hook., Fl. II., 251. ■ 
 
 OraphephoTum fculwaceum. Gray. 
 
 This fine grass is found in great abundance in neai-ly all fresh water 
 ponds throughout the prairie region, and northward to Peace Biver 
 (Macoun.) Ponds, Souris Plain, Man. (,/. M. Macoun.) Lake of the 
 Woods. (Burgess.) 
 
 » of Walts, 
 Kennedy, 
 ow. {John 
 Ir. Rae.) 
 
 idson Bay. 
 
 728. CLYCERIA, R. Br. 
 
 (2884.) C. angustata, Fries. Man t. III., 1 "76. 
 Poa angustata, R. Br. ; Hook., Fl. II., 247. 
 Airopis angmtata, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. IV, 390. 
 
 Kotzebue Sound. {Rothr. Mask.) Arctic sea-coast and adjacent 
 islands. {Hooker, Fl.) Digge's Island, Hudson Strait. {R. 'Sell.) 
 Salt marshes along the Gaspe coast, at Mont Louis; and in marshes at 
 Annapolis, N. S. {Macom.) Idaho Inlet, Cross Sound, Alaska. 
 (Meehan.) Greenland. {Lange.) 
 
liSO 
 
 (lEOLOOICAI, SURVEY OF CANADA. 
 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
 CJKH4.) C. arotica, Hook., Fl. II., 248. 
 G, (irrliai, <. laxti, Diir. PI. Kan., No. 07. 
 Arctic Hoa-eoast. (ffooker, Fl.) TIiIh wpoi-icH in figuro<l ii» IIooUoi-'h 
 Flora Horcali Amoricaim, and roHoinblos u form of G. maritima, bul we 
 are unaware of itw identitication with any of our Hpocion. 
 
 (2i»HC,.) C. arundinacea, Kunth; Vai^oy, Cat. (irae J.H. 86, 
 
 (I8sr).) 
 
 O. wimtlrii, Siiiitli ; Hook., FI. II., 248 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2107. 
 Pon arputliat, \ar. i Arn<ricnna, Torr., Fl. I., 108. 
 
 Abundant in punLs, ditches, and borders of lakes and rivers, from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific. In water and veiy wet places, Bass Jfivcr, 
 N.H. (Fowler, Cat.) Camphellton, X B. (Chalmers.) Magdalen Islands, 
 {J. Richardson.') Whycucogmah, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) \'ioinity 
 of Ottawa. {Fletcher, FL Oft.) Very common near Prcscott, Ont. 
 {Billings.) Abundant at Belleville, and westward throughout Ontario 
 to Lake Nipigon, and south to the Kaministi(|ua IMver. (Macoun.) 
 Sault Ste. .Marie. (Jl. Bell.) North shore of Lake Superior. (A(/(tssiz,) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Lotjie.) London, Out.; Parry Sounil, 
 Georgian Hay ; Emers<m, Man. {Burgess.) Woodstock, Ont. {Millman.) 
 High Jilutt, .Man. {McGill Coll. Herb.) Moose Fact<iry, moa Bay. 
 {Cottar & Br. JIayden.) All around James Hay, and r to York 
 
 Factory; also at Mai)le Creek, Alberta. {J. M. Macou,..^ abundant 
 in po(ds throughout the prairie region, and north to Lake Athabasca; 
 rather common in the Columbia Valley, from (lolden City to Donald; 
 in wet marshy places at \'ictoriu, Nanaimo, and .Vlborni, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Upper Nachacco River, H.C. {Dawson.) Sitka. 
 {Rothr. Alask.) Lake Winiupeg to the Saskatchewan ; JJocky M<jun- 
 tains. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2887.) C. Canadensis, Trin.; Hook., Fl. IL, 249. 
 
 Poa Camidimt'if, Eeauv. ; Torr., Fl. I., \\'2. 
 
 Briza Canadimh, Michx., Fl. I., 71 ; Pureli, Fl. T., 82. 
 
 Poa ai/uattca, Pursh, Fl. I., 80. 
 (Juite common in the maritime provinces; rare westward. Yar- 
 mouth, Windsor and Canso, N. S. ; North Sydney, Cape Breton. 
 {Macoun & Burgess.) Prince's Lodge, near Halifax, N.S. {Sommers, 
 Cat.) Pictou, N.S. {McKay.) Commiui in bogs and very wet places, 
 N.B. {Fowler, Cat.) Tobique River, X.B. (Hay.) Thunder Eiver, 
 Q. {St.Cyr.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) ^Y^ii gnnimh 
 near Prescott .lunition, Ont.; and Chel.'<ea, C^. {Billings.) Beaver 
 meadow. Partridge Lake, .Vddington Co. ; also at the entrance to the 
 Murray Canal, near Trenton; abundant up (rull lUver, Victoria Co. j 
 
CATALOOl E (IF CANADIAN I'LANTS. 
 
 231 
 
 1 llookor'rt 
 na, but we 
 
 r.s. so, 
 
 67. 
 
 ■H, from the 
 lasH JJivov, 
 en iHlands, 
 Vicinity 
 scott, Ont. 
 ut Ontario 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (Ayassis.) 
 pry Sound, 
 (Millman.) 
 
 mes Bay. 
 to Yorlc 
 .^buniiant 
 Athabasca ; 
 Lo Donald; 
 Vancouver 
 n.) Sitka. 
 eky Moun- 
 
 -^ard. Yar- 
 )e Breton. 
 {Sommers, 
 wet places, 
 ider River, 
 ''et grounds 
 !.) Beaver 
 ince to the 
 ctoria (Jo. ; 
 
 and in a marHhy moadnw, Pnjnt aux Pins, I.ako Sii|iorioi'; Flat Huck 
 portage, Lake Nipignn. (Mdiwin.) liuke Mi^ta^Mini, N.K.T. (./. Af. 
 Macoun.) Vicinity "t' jlaniilton, Ont. (Loijie.) Parry Sniind, (leur- 
 gian Bay. (Bunjess.) 
 
 (2HH8.) C. nisTANs, Wahl. ; (Jray, Man. Hd, V., G28. 
 AtrojrU distdiin, (irineh, ; I^wlob. l"). Uosh. IV., ;{8«. 
 A careful examination of all our .specimens from both the east or 
 .\tlantic coast and the west coast, has satislicd us that this species is 
 not indigenouH to Canada. All tbnna not introduced are placed under 
 the vav. airoides or G. murUima, On i)allaMt heaps, I'ictou, N. S. ; 
 North Sydney, Capt^ Breton. (^Macoun it Burgess.) Carleton, St. John, 
 N.B., 187T. (Fowler.) 
 
 Var. airoides, Vasey, Cat (Irasses U. S. 87. (1885.) 
 Gli/cd-id iiiroidi!>,Th\n\wr, liot. Wilkps Exp. 49(). 
 I'oa airoiiirs, Nntt. ; Hook., Fl. II., 245. 
 /'. fimrictdata, Hook., V\. II., 245. 
 Very abun<lant in saline marshes throughout the interior west of 
 Wiiiiupcg, at ^rooso Mountain, Coten i de Missouri, Hed Doer Lakoa, 
 and Kdmonton ; Castlo Mountain, in iiocky Mountains. Seed evidently 
 brought from the prairie. (Macoun.) Fort Carleton. (I/oo/.cr, Ft.) 
 
 (2889.) C. elongata, Trin. ; Hook., Fl. II., 248. 
 
 Poa elov uata, Torr., ¥1 ' 112. 
 Bass River, and Salmon Rucr, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Lower Tohiquo 
 River, N.B. (Haij.) St. David, Charlotte Co., N.B. ( IVoom.) Titus- 
 ville. King's Co., X.B. (Brittuin.) Pentecost River, (I. (St. Cijr.) 
 
 (2890.) C. fluitans, R. Br. ; Hook., Fl. If., 248. 
 
 Fentuca jlmtann, Linn. ; Miehx., Fl. I., 60; Purah, Fl. I., 84. 
 Very common in ditches and muddy places from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific. In shallow water, Bass River ; and at St. John, N.B. (Fowltr, 
 Cat.) Common around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Abundant at 
 Proscott Junction, Ont. (Billings.) Very common in ditches and 
 ponds througout central an<l western Ontario, and extending to Lake 
 Nipigon and the west side of Thunder Bay, and Kaministiqua River. 
 (Macoun.) North shore of Lake Supeidor. (Agassi:.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton. (Logic.) London, Toronto, Niagara Falls, Hatchley, and 
 Point aux Pins, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) Port Colljorno, Lake Erie. 
 (McGill Coll. Herb.) ^lichipicotin River, Ont.; and Nelson River, 
 Keewatin. (E. Bell.) Throughout the northern part of the prairie 
 region, and south to the dry, treeless district; rather common in the 
 
^32 
 
 OEOLOOIOAL SCRVET OF CANADA 
 
 Columbia valley and eastern valleys of the Eocky Mountains; in wot 
 places at Goldstream, Soraenos, Nanaimo, and Alberni, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (^Fletcher.) 
 Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 <2891.) C. festucaeformis, Eeichenb. Icon. Fl. Germ, t., 151. 
 I'oa fcMucxformis, Host.; Hook., Fl. II., 245. 
 Along the coast of Vancouver Island, at Oak Bay, near Victoria, 
 
 1887. (Macoun.) Sitka. {Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2892.) C. Lemmoni, Vasey. 
 
 Along the coast of Vancouver Island, at E.squimault, Oak Bay, and 
 Nanaimo. {Macoun.) 
 
 <2893.) G. maritima, Wahl. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 628. 
 Alropis distans, Timrber, Bot. Calif. II., 308, in part. 
 All the native forms distinct from G. angustata, are placed here 
 whether collected on the east, north or west coasts. The various forms 
 of this species require careful examination. North Sydney, Cape 
 Breton, and Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) Frequent on the sea-coast of 
 Kent Co. ; Salt marshes, Bathurst, and St. John, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Coast of Anticosti, at Salt Lake, Ellis "Jay, and Strawberry Cove ; salt 
 marsh at Capo Eosier, and along the L.asp^ coast to Matano. (Macoun.) 
 Ste. Genevieve, Mingan, i-i. (St. Ci/r.) Salt marshes. Lower St. 
 Lawrence. (Pringle.) Fort George, James Bay. (J. M. Macoun.) 
 Common in salt marshes along the coast of Vancouver Island, at 
 Victoria, Nanaimo, and Alberni. (Macoun.) Toxada Island, and 
 Blunden Harbor, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. 
 Alask.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.) 
 
 (2894.) C. nervata, Trin. ; Hook., Fl. IF., 248. 
 
 0. Michauxii, Kunth, Enum. I., 307. 
 
 Poa nervata, Willd. ; Pursli, Fl. I., 78. 
 
 P. striata, Michx., Fl. I., 69. 
 
 P. parrijlora, Pursh, Fl. I., 80. 
 
 Briza Canadensin, Nutt., Gen. I., 69. 
 A very common and variable species gi-owiiig chiefly in wet mea- 
 dows and marshy places in woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 Bedford, Yarmouth, and many other places in Nova Scotia. (Macoun.) 
 In damp grounds and meadows, Bass Biver, and St. John, N. B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Tobiquo River, N.B. (Hay.) L'Anse ti Griffon, Ga.spd 
 coast. (J. Bell.) Jupiter River, Anticosti, and at Point Li^vis, Q. 
 (Macoun.) Thunder River, and Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common around Prcscott, 
 Ont. (Billings.) Very abundant throughout Ontario, and westward 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 233 
 
 i ; in wot 
 ancouvev 
 Fletcher.) 
 
 , 151. 
 Victoria, 
 
 Bay, and 
 
 aced here 
 ious forms 
 ney, Cape 
 ja-coast of 
 twler. Cat.) 
 Cove; salt 
 
 [Macoun.) 
 Lower St. 
 . Macoun.) 
 Island, at 
 
 and, and 
 {Rothr. 
 
 wot raea- 
 le Pacific. 
 (Macoun.) 
 ohn, N. B. 
 ffbn, Gasp«S 
 Lcivis, Q- 
 (,St. Cyr.) 
 . Prcscott, 
 westward 
 
 to tlie Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) North shore of Lake Superior. 
 {Agassiz.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) London, Kingston, 
 Parry Sound, and Sault St. Marie, Ont. (Burgess.) Oxford House, 
 Koewatin. (R. Bell) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; Souris Plain, and 
 Medicine Hat, N.W.T. (/. M. Macoun.) Common in wet places on 
 the prairie, and north-westward to Peace River, and Luke Atha- 
 basca; abundant in tiie Jiocky and Selkirk mountains; throughout 
 British Columbia to lat. 5G°; common on Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2805.) C. ObtUSa, Trin. ; Hook. Fl. II., 249. 
 Poa oblma, Muhl. ; Torn, Fl. I., 112. 
 St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Apparently very rare in Canada. 
 
 (2896.) C. pallida, Trin. ; Gray, Man. Ed. V., 627. 
 
 In and around springs ; rather local. At North Sydney, Capo Breton, 
 (Macoun &, Burgess.) In water Petitcodiac, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) At O'Brien's Bridge, and 
 Cannitt'ton, Hastings Co.; one mile south of Gibson's Mountain, Prince 
 Edward Co. ; at Cold Creek Bridge, Wooler, Noi-thumberland Co. ; and 
 boggy ground, Sydenham Falls, Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Weteandy 
 shore, Port Cockburn, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. (Logie. 
 
 (2897.) C. pauciflora, Presl ; Hook, Fl. II., 248. 
 
 Not uncommon in marshes around Lesser Slave Lake, and westward 
 to Peace Eivor, at Hudson's Hope ; in the vicinity of springs and along 
 brooks in swamps in the valleys of the SelUirks ; ratiier common on 
 Vancouver Island, at Somenos, Nanaimo, and Stamp Eiver, on the 
 west coast. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 (Fletcher.) Sitka, Alaska. (Meehan.) Nootka Sound. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 Vancouver city, Burrard Inlet, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (2898.) C. pumila, Vasey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XV., 48. 
 
 A very small but distinct (new) species, gathered in salt marshes 
 along Barclay Sound, west coast of Vancouver Island, 1887. (Macoun.) 
 
 729. FESTUCA, Linn. FESCUE-GRASS.) 
 
 (2899.) F. durlUSCUla, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 83. 
 
 F. ovina, Linn., var. dnruincula, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 633. 
 Wo place under this species all coast forms without running root- 
 
234 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA, 
 
 stocks, and with F. rubra all those which have. Eather common on 
 the Atlantic coast, and apparently indigenous. Newfoimdland. {tiir 
 Joseph Banks.) At Bedford, Annapolis, and McNab's Island, Halifax 
 Harbor. {Macoun.) Magdalen Islands, NS. {McKay. J. Richardson.) 
 Pennant, Halifax Co., N. .S. (Sommers, Cat.) Coast of Labrador. 
 {McGill Coll. Herb.) Eichibucto, Shediac, and Moncton, N.B. ; scarce. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Ellis Ba^^, Anticosti. {St. Cyr.) Gasp(5 Basin, Gaspd 
 Co., Q. ; Wellington Beach, Lake Ontario ; dry fields, near Trenton, 
 and Port Hope, Ont. ; very abundant at Queenston Heights ; and in 
 manj-- places around Lake Superior. {Maccun.) West coast of Huil- 
 son Baj'. {J. M. Macoun.) Kot uncommon on gravelly slopes in the 
 Eocky and Selkirk mountains. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2fl00.) F. ELATiOR, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. I., 83. 
 
 Cultivated on lawns and in some meadows. Meadows at Windsor, 
 and in fields at Halifax, N.S. {Alacoun.) In fields at Fredericton, X.B. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Beanpoi-t, Q. {St. Cyr.) In meadows at London, Ont. 
 (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Loyie.) Moose F'actory, 
 James Bay. {Cottar & Dr. Hayden.) 
 
 (2001.) F. microstachya, Nutt. ; Watson, Bot. King Exp. V., 388. 
 Very common on dry grivvelly slopes throughout southern Vancou- 
 ver Island, on all the dry slopes at Manaimo, (ioldstream, and Alberni. 
 {Macoun.) Cadboro Bay, near \'ictoria, Vancouver Island. {Fletcher.) 
 Sooke, south-west of Vancouver Island. {Daivson.) 
 
 Var. divergens, Thurb. ; Vascy, Cat. Grasses U. S. 90, (1885.) 
 Very abundant on gravelly slopes on the mountains around tioltl- 
 stream, and an dry locks near Wellington Mine, Depai-ture Bay, Van- 
 couver Island. {Macoun.) 
 
 Var. pauciflora, Scribner; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 90, (1885.) 
 Found in some abundance at Stewart's Lake, northern British 
 , Columbia. {Macoun ) 
 
 (2902.) F. Myurus, Linn. ; Michx., Fl. I., GG ; Pursh, Fl. I., 88 ; 
 Hook., Fl. II., 249. 
 Intioduced on all dry soils in the southern part of Vancouver Island, 
 chiefly under oaks. Abundant at Cedar Hill, and Nanairno. {Macoun.) 
 Cadboro Bay, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. {Fletcher.) 
 
 (2903.) F. nutans, Willd.; Pursh, Fl. I., 84. 
 Halifax, N.S. (Burgess.) Lower Norton, Belleisle, and Bidrdsville, N.B. 
 
CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 235 
 
 Qon on 
 I. (/Sir 
 Halifax 
 itrdson.} 
 ibrador. 
 
 scarce. 
 , Gasp^ 
 ui-enton, 
 
 and in 
 of Hu<l- 
 )s in the 
 
 iViiidsor, 
 ;on, N.B. 
 Ion, Ont. 
 Factory, 
 
 . v., 388. 
 Vancou- 
 Alberni. 
 
 Fletcher.) 
 
 1885.) 
 nd (iold- 
 Jay, Van- 
 
 (1885.) 
 British 
 
 . I., 83; 
 
 er I(<land, 
 Macoun.) 
 
 iUe.N.B. 
 
 (Brittain.) Miriwin's Woods, near Prescott, Ont. ; i-ather rare. {Bil- 
 lings.) Common in rich, rocky woods and thiclcets near Belleville ; also 
 Seymour, Northumberland Co. ; and at Owen Sound, Ont. (^Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie. Millman.) Rich wooils at London, 
 Ont. (^Burgess ) 
 
 (2904.) F. occidentalis, Hook., Fl. II., 249. 
 i^./jauCT/fora, Thurb. Bot. Calif. II., 318. 
 Goklstream, and on the slopes of Mount Finlayson, and Mount Pre- 
 vost, Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) 
 
 (2905.) F. ovina, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. IT., 250. 
 
 Under various forms this species extends from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific. Bedford, near Halifax, X.S. Introduced. (Sommers, Cat.) 
 In trfts on hillside;*, Truro, X.S. {Maconn.) Petty Harbor, New- 
 foundland. {R. Bell) Plains of Abraham, Q. {St. Cyr.) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Sandy meadows, London, Ont. Port- 
 Stanley, Lake Ei'ie ; north shore of Lake Superior, and along Lake 
 Nipigon to Livingstone Point. {Macoun.) Emerson, Man. {Burgess.) 
 Nelson River, Keewatin. {R. Belt.) Frequent on bkitt's along the 
 Assiniboine, between Brandon and Fort Fllice; rather common on the 
 lower slopes of the Rock\' ^lountains; abundant in northern British 
 Columbia, and tiirough the Peace River Pass, and northward to Lake 
 Athabasca; rather common on Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) North 
 Point of Texada Island, (iulf of (ieorgia; Sooko. Vancouver Island; 
 Lake Lindeman, lat. 59° 40'; Peily Banks, and Pelly River, lat. 02°. 
 N.W.T. ; Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria, 
 Vancouver Island. {Fletcher.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alas/;.) 
 Red River, Man., 1S27. {Douglas.) Lake Winnipeg to the Saskatche- 
 wan, and Bear Lake; and Rocky Mountains. {Hooker, FL) Cumber- 
 land Islands, Arctic coast. {Parry.) 
 
 Var. brevifolia, Watson, Bot. Kings Exp. V., 3'79. 
 
 F. hrevijolia, R. Br. ; Hook., Fl. II., 350. 
 
 Abundant along the Arctic coast, and on mountain tops. Ford's 
 Harbor, Labrador ; Tppor Savage Islands, Nottingham, Mausticld, 
 and Digge's islands, Hudson Strait. {R. Bell.) Fort George, James 
 Bay, (./. M. Macoun.) Cumberland Island, Hudson Bay. {Parry.) 
 Between Fort Churchill, and Repulse Bay. (Dr. Rae.) Pond's Hay, 
 and Port Kennedy, Baffin's Hay. {Dr. Walker.) On the higher slopes 
 of the Rocky Ml >un tains, from Canmore westward through the Selkirk 
 Mountains to Roger's Pass ; summit of Mount Arrowsmith, alt. 5,700 
 
 1 
 
236 
 
 QEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 feet, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) On the Arctic sea-coast and is- 
 lands; and Rocky Mountains. (^Hooker, Fl.) Eao River, Arctic ccnst' 
 (Dr. Roe.) 
 
 Var. polyphylla, Yasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 90, (1885.) 
 A fine tall grass growing on hillsides at Goldstream and Nanaimo, 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun) 
 
 Var. vivipara, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 633. 
 
 Common along the coast of Anticosti, at Jupiter, River. (Macoun.) 
 Severn River, Koewatin. (J. M. Macoun.) Cumberland House, Bear 
 Lake, and Arctic sea-coast. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2906.) F. RichardsonI, Hook., Fl. II., 250. 
 Arctic sea-coast. (Hooker, FL) Alaska. ( Vasey.) 
 
 (2907.) F. rubra, Linn. ; Hook., Fl. IL, 250. 
 
 All forms of this species have running root-stocks. Cape Forteau, 
 Yarmouth, N.S., and North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.) 
 Eivi(ire do Brig, Anticossti, and along the GaspcS coast, near Fox River. 
 (Macoun.) London, Ont., and Emerson, Man. (Burgess.) Near Vic- 
 toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Abundant along the whole coast 
 ol Vancouver Jsland, from Esquimalt to Qualicum. (Macoun.) Sitka, 
 and Kotzebuo Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Bartlett Bay, and Sitka, Alaska. 
 (Mee/ian.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) 
 
 Var. villosa, Vascy. (MS.) 
 
 Fealuca riilira, var. I., Hook. Fl. II., 250. 
 
 North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) 
 Apparently not rare iii|the foot hills of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) 
 
 Besides the above variety, we have vars. (jenuinea, longiseta, and 
 planifolia, Vasey, which maj' bo distinct enough to separate them from 
 the species. All are common on the coast of Vancouver Island, near 
 Victoria. 
 
 (2908.) F. scabreila, Ton-. ; Hook,, Fl. II., 252. (Bunch Grass.) 
 
 F. Macounii. Vasey ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2204. 
 McUca Hallii, Vasey, Coult. Bet. Gaz. VI., 29G. 
 
 Summit of Mounf Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gasp^, Q. ; Moose 
 Mountain Creek, and Souris Plain, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.) Abun- 
 dant around Brandon, and wont to Moose Mountain and Moose Jaw ; com- 
 mon at Calgary, and westward in the foot-hills at Morley ; on moun- 
 tains at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.) Middle Fork of Old Man 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 
 
 237 
 
 Eiver, Eocky Mountains ; Frances Lake, lut. 61°, and Finlayson Lake, 
 lat. 62*, N. W.T. (Daioson.) Alpine districts of the Rocky MountainH. 
 (Hooker, Fl.) On rocky slopes at Lytton, B.C. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2909.) F. SUbulata, Bong. ; Hook., Fl. 11., 250. 
 
 Sitka. (^Hooker, Fl.) We know nothing of this species. It may 
 be included in some other form under another name. Possibly a form 
 of F. ovina. 
 
 (2910.) F. teneila, Wilid.; Pursh., Fl. [., 83. 
 F. hromoiJes, Michx., Fl. I., 66. 
 Dry hillsides; not common eastward. Sheldrake River, Q. (St. 
 Cyr.) Border of Oak Hill Pond, Hastings Co. ; common on Rice Lake 
 Plains, near Castleton, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Sandy 
 thickets. Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) Yicinit}' of Hamilton, 
 Ont. (Logie.) Port Stanley, Lake Erie ; abundant at Spence's Bridge, 
 and northward through British Columbia ; dry hills around Victoria, 
 Mount Finlayson, and Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Cad- 
 boro Bay, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 
 730. BROMUS, Linn. Gen. 89. (BROME-GRASS) 
 
 •ass.) 
 
 Moose 
 
 Abun- 
 
 com- 
 
 moun- 
 
 lld Man 
 
 (2911.) B. AleutensiS, Trin. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U.S. 92, (1885.) 
 Alaska. ( Vasey.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2912.) B. breviaristatus, Buekl., Proced. Philad. Acad. 98, (1862.) 
 Ceratochloa breviaristata, Hook., Fl. II., 253. 
 Not uncommon in the Eocky Mountains, and far eastward in the 
 northern prairie region. A long the Eed Deer Eiver, Porcupine Moun- 
 tain, Man. ; Red Deer Lakes, and Cypress Hills, and northward to the 
 Athabasca. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Daw- 
 son.) Summit of Skagit Mountain, B. C. (Boicman.) Vicinity of 
 Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) In woods and thickets, not 
 uncommon, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Near the sources of the 
 Columbia. (Douglas.) 
 
 (2913.) B. ciliatUS, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. L, 85. 
 B, purgans, Linn ; Hook., Fl. II., 262, in part. 
 Common eastward in thickets and damp places. Pictou, N. S. 
 (McKay.) On low damp places at Annapolis and Truro, N.S. (Macoun.) 
 On intervales, Bass Eiver; and Salmon Eiver, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) 
 
 ■\ 
 
:> 'i 
 
 
 $ 
 
 238 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 Littlo Tobique River, N.B. (Hay.) Xorth of the Restigouche, at 
 Campbellton, and along the Bay of Chaleur; Salt Lake, Anticosti. 
 (Macoun.) 8te. Anne des Monts Kiver, Gaspe, Q. {Porter.) Ellis 
 Bay, Anticosti ; Pentecost River, Q. {St. Cijr.) Abundant in sandy 
 places along the Riviere Rouge, Argenteuil Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Vicin- 
 ity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Ft. Ott.) Bank of the St. Lawrence ]{iver, 
 near Pi-escott, Unt. (BiUi7igs.) Very common in wet woods and 
 thickets throughout central Ontario, and north-westerly to Lake 
 Nipiuon and Lake Superior, and south to Pigeon River. (Macoun.) 
 Port ( 'olborne. Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Rocky thicket, King- 
 ston, Ont. (Millman.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) River 
 flats, Loftdon, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; 
 Severn River, Keewatin; Willow Point. Lake Winnipeg ; and Moose 
 Mountain, Man. (./. M. Macoun.) Oxford House, Keewatin. (B. Bell.) 
 Vicinity of Winnipv.g, Man. (Prof. Fowler.) Sand Greek, Kootanie 
 Valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Rather common in wet meadows 
 and thickets, from Morley westward to the Columbia Valley, and Sel- 
 kirk Mountains ; common on Vancouver Island. {Macoun.) Goose 
 Cccek Mountains, Cariboo, B.C. (Bowman.) Sooke, Vancouver Island. 
 (Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Kotze- 
 bue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) 
 
 Vars. ligulatus & pauciflorus, Vasey. (MS.) 
 
 These varieties, with some others, are common on many parts of 
 
 Vancouver Island, but may not be distinct enough to remain separated 
 
 from the species. 
 
 (2914.) B. Hookerianus, Thurber, Bot. Wilkes Exp., 493. 
 Ccratochloa grandillora, Hook., Fl. II., 253. 
 Confined to the Pacific coast. Not uncommon in thickets at Gold- 
 stream, Cadboro Bay, Nanairao, and Qualicum, Vancouver Island. 
 
 (^Macoun.) 
 
 Var. minor, Scribner; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 92, (1885.) 
 
 liromm virens, Buckl., Proced. Philad. Acad. 98 (1862). 
 Not uncommon on Vancouver Island, at Nanaimo, and Qualicura. 
 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (2915.) B. Kalmii, Gray, Man. Ed. v., 634. 
 
 B. purgans, Terr., Flora, N. York, II., 463 ; Pursh, Fl. I., 85 ; Hook., Fl. 
 II., 252, in part. 
 
 Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Oti.) Rocky woodlands west of 
 Brockville. (Billings.) Dry rocky hillsides, Marmora, Hastings Co. ; 
 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 239 
 
 Wo„ler, >Torthuml,erla,.d Co. ; and dry woods. Balsam Jlapids, Vic- 
 
 MW \ t ■ ^.^''"""-^ ^""''^y woodlands, London, Ont. (Burgess. 
 ^/man) y,c,n.ty of Ifamilton. Ont. (Logie.) Ve.-y abundant 
 th.oughout the northern rart of the prairie region, on g.avei ridges 
 or margms of coulees, Long Lakx, Thunder Creek, and south of Battle- 
 tord. (Macoun.) Hod River, Man., 1S27. (Douglas.) 
 
 (2916-.) B. Macounii, Vasey, Hull. Torr. Hot. Club XV 48 
 
 T 1^1 "";?!"™'^" °" '^'y hills- Cedar Ifill, and Nanaimo, Vancouver 
 Island. (Macoun.) Canon, Lowes JJiver, lat. (J2^ X.W.T. (Dawson.) 
 
 (2!I17.) B. MAxnius, Dosf. ; Bot. Calif. If., 315. 
 
 Sparingly introduced at Victoria, Vancouver Island 
 Fletcher.) 
 
 (Macoun. 
 
 (2918.) B. MOLLIS, Linn. ; Pursh, Fl. ]., 85. 
 
 Introduced and naturalized on both the east and west coasts. .Montr 
 the sea-shore at Yarmouth. N.S. (Macoun.) Quebec city. (St Cur) 
 Very rare in fields and by roadsides at London, Ont. (Buroess 
 Mllman.) Abundant in cultivated ground and under oaks thmughout 
 the southern part of Vancouver Island. (Maroun. Fletcher.) 
 
 (2919.) B. Orcuttianus, Vasey. Coult. Bot. Gaz. X., 223. 
 
 Not rare in the oak groves at Cadboro, and Oak bay.s, near Victoria 
 1 aiicouver Island. (Macoun.) ' 
 
 (2920.) B. Pumpellianus, Scribner, Bull. Ton-. Bot. Club, XV , 9 
 ]^ot uncommon in the prairie regio,. on river banks and cou'le6 mar- 
 gins, from Fort Eilice to Calgary, and thence westward in the Rocky 
 Mountains to the Columbia Valley ; northward in British Columbia to 
 (^uesnel. (Macoun.) Slmswap Lake, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (■im.) B. RACEMosus, Linn.; Gray, Man. Ed. V., (J34. 
 
 Introduced and naturalized in the older settlements. Among wheat 
 ^tli^mnwev,^.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Quebec city. (St Cur -^ Vicinitv 
 of Ottawa. (Fletcher, F. Ott.) Eoadsides a';^! railwa;\rlrl^ 
 London, and Essex Centre, Ont. (Burgess.) Pitt River. B.C. (mil) 
 Abundant m meadows, waste places, and cultivated grounds, Vancou- 
 
 7i!tr ^fVT ^^''"'''' ^^'^■^''"•^ Vancouver city, Burrard 
 Inlet, BC. (Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (2922.) B. SEOALiNus, Linn, (Chess or Cheat.) 
 Introduced and naturalized in all parts of the country. This species 
 
240 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OK CANADA. 
 
 is much less common than thirty years ago. Now, the farmers have 
 excellent fanning mills, and wheat is bettor cleaned, and henco 
 pure seed is sown. At the period spoken of many believed that winter- 
 killed wheat changed into chess. Since the seed is cleaner and the 
 land drained, chess has almost disappeared. 
 
 (2923.) B. SUbulatUS, Lodob.; Vasey, Cat. Grasses, U.S. 93, (1885.) 
 Onnalashka. {Rothr. Alasli.) Unknown to us as well as the next. 
 
 (2924.) B. SitchensiS, Bong.; Hook.,.Fl. IL, 253. 
 Sitka. (HooJcer, Ft. liothr. Alask.) 
 
 (2925.) B. TECTORUM, Linn.; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 93, (1885.) 
 Introduced at Kingston, Ont. {Millman.) 
 
 (2926.) B. SEGETUM, Schl. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 93, (1885.) 
 Introduced with seed-grain at Shuswap Lake, B.C. {Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 -« 
 
 ■'if 
 'i. 
 
 I 
 
 •; 
 
 731. LOLIUM, Linn. Gen. 95. (DARNEL.) 
 
 (2927.) L. PERENNE, Linn. (Eye Grass.) 
 
 Introduced and cultivated in some localities near Pictou, N. S. 
 (McKay.) Near railway depot, Carleton, N.B. (Fowler, Cat.) Jacques 
 Cartier River, Q. (St. Cijr.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) 
 Neighborhood of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) 
 Meadows at London, and Kingston, Ont. (Burgess. Millman.) Quite 
 common on Vancouver Island, where it produces excellent hay. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 A variety with very long glumes has been gathered at London, Ont., 
 by Dr. Burgess. He writes that it is not L. temulentum. 
 
 (2928.) L. TEMULENTUM, Linn. (Poison Darnel.) 
 
 Eather rare or seldom detected. Near railway depot, Carleton, N.B. 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Along a new road at Cameron Lake, in the centre 
 of Vancouvei- Island. Introduced in horse feed. (Macoun.) 
 
r« have 
 
 hence 
 
 wintor- 
 
 and the 
 
 (1885.) 
 be next. 
 
 885.) 
 
 85.) 
 Fowler.) 
 
 ou, N. S. 
 
 Jacques 
 
 Fl. Ott.) 
 
 {Logic.) 
 
 .) Quite 
 ent hay. 
 
 Ion, Ont., 
 
 con, N.B. 
 le centre 
 
 CATALOODE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 241 
 
 732. ACROPYRUM, J. Csertn. (WHEAT-GRASS) 
 
 (292t».) A. caninum, Roich. Icon. Fl. Germ. 110. 
 
 Triticum canlnnni, Schrob. ; Hook., 1"1. II., 254 ; Macoun, Cat. No. 222(1. 
 Rather rare on gravel banks eastward ; abundant in the northern 
 prairie i-egion. On intervales. Coal Branch, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler, 
 Cat.) Environs of Quebec ; rock}' bank of Madeline River, Gaspo, Q. 
 (St. Cyr.) Mount Albert, Gaspd, (i. (Porter.) Banks of the Moira, 
 at Belleville; rockj' banks, .Shannonvillo, Hastings Co. ; on the Trent, 
 above Trenton, Ont.; woods, Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) London, Out.; and Saugeen, Lake Huron. 
 (Burgess.) Kaministinua River, west of Lake Superior; very abun- 
 dant from Winnipeg westward to Edmonton, on the Saskatchewan; 
 common from Calgary through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia 
 Valley. (Macoun.) Sand Creek, Kootanie Valley, Rocky Mountains; 
 Nicola, and Kamloops, B.C. (Dawson.) Luke Winnipeg to the Sas- 
 katckewan. (Hooker, Fl.) hmerson, and Brandon, Man , and Shuswap 
 Lake, B.C. (Prof. Fowler.) • 
 
 (2930.) A. dasystachyum, Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 96, (1885.) 
 
 lYiticum. da.vjstacliyum, Gray, Man. Ed. V., G38. 
 
 T. npens, var. doKijutachyum, Hook., Fl. II., 254. 
 Sandy shore of Lake Huron, at Saugeen, Ont. (Burgess.) North 
 shore of Lake Superior. (Agassis.) West coast of Lake Superior; 
 western Manitoba, Long Lake, Old Wives Lakes, River That Turns, 
 Fort Pitt, and throughout the northern prairie region to Edmonton ; 
 from Calgary westward to Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains. 
 (Macoun.) Souria Plain, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Echmanish River^ 
 Keewatin ; and Nelson River, near York Factory, Hudson Bay. 
 (B. Bell.) 
 
 (2931.) A. divergens, Nees. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses U. S. 96, (1885.) 
 Triticum strigomm, Less. ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2221. 
 Bunch grass of British Columbia, and the drier parts of the Rock}'- 
 Mountains. Common on the dry slopes of the mountains along the 
 Bow River, from Moi-ley westward to Banff; on dry slopes of the 
 Thompson and Fraser rivers, B.C. (Macoun.) Abundant on the higher 
 slopes at Lytton, B.C. (Fletcher.) North Point of Texada Island, 
 Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.) An awnless variety is found in 
 great profusion on the gravel ridges at the mouth of the Kicking 
 Horse River, Columbia Valley. 
 16 
 
 \ 
 
 t 
 
^ 
 
 242 
 
 QEOLOaiOAL SUUVEV OF CANADA. 
 
 
 
 # 
 
 Var. tenue, Vasoy, Cat. Grasses U. S. HG, (1S85.) 
 
 Trilicuin xgUnpiodo, Turcz. ; Gray, I'roced. Acad. I'liil., 79 (1303). 
 T, caninum, var. [h, Hook. Fl, II., 255. 
 
 On dry sIopcH in Bow River valloy, near Old Bow Fort, and west- 
 ward mixed with the HpocioH. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2032.) A. glaucum, E. iV S., var. occidentale, Y. k S. 
 
 Triticum repens, Linn., var. gluucum, Vasey. 
 
 Very abundant in tiie prairie region, and westward to the Frnser 
 River. Souris Plain, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Bani< of Souris River, 
 AKsiniboia. {Bunjess.) Rod River, Man., 1827 {Douglas.) Long 
 Lai<o, Red Deer Lakes, and south of Battloford ; rather common fi-om 
 Calgary westward on dr}' benches through the Rocky Mountains 
 to Hector. {Macoun.) Near Wild Horse Creek, Kootanie Valley, 
 Rocky Mountains. {Dawson.) A form between this species and 
 A. (livergens is abundant along the Thompson River, neai' Lytton, B.C. 
 {Macoun.) Ycry variable, and extending from the Saskatchewan to 
 the Arctic sea. {Hooker, Fl.) Kotzebuo Sound, {Ttothr, Ala&k.) 
 
 This is one of the finest grasses on the prairie for hay or pasture. 
 It seems to prefer saline and damp soil, and does not grow in bunches 
 but singly. There are numerous forms of this which are generally 
 referred to the next, but which I include hoie. Sir John Richardson 
 seems to have found the species all the way to the Arctic sea. 
 
 (2!»33.) A. REi'ENs, Boauv. ; Vasey, Cat. Gras.ses U. S. 9li, (1885.) 
 Triticum repciM, Linn. ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2217. 
 We include all our indigenous forms under A. glaucum, and under 
 this place the notices of the introduced plant, which is a vile weed in 
 many parts of the old settlements. Reported from Newfoundland, 
 Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario, and even from 
 Vancouver Island, on the Pacific coast. 
 
 (2934.) A. tenerum, Vasey, Coult. Bot. Gaz. X., 259. 
 
 Lake Mistassini, N.E.T. ; and Severn River, Keewatin. {J. M. 
 Macoun.) Spoke's Point, Lake Nipigon ; abundant on prairies from 
 Winnipeg westward to the Touchwood Hills, and Edmonton, N. W. T. 
 {Macoun.) Pino River Pass, lat. 55", Rocky Mountains. {Daivson.) 
 Brandon, and Emerson, Man. {Prof. Fowler.) Red Rivei-, Man., 1827. 
 {Douglas.) Quite common on dry slopes and in meadows westward from 
 Calgary through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia Valley; a 
 peculiar form is not uncommon on Vancouver Island, at Goldstream, 
 and'Nanaimo. {Macoun.) 
 
 & 
 
303). 
 
 and woBt- 
 
 S. 
 
 lio Frnser 
 I'is Kiver, 
 s.) Long 
 nion fiom 
 d!ountain,s 
 Valley, 
 ocios and 
 Uon, B.C. 
 jlicwan to 
 llasJe.) 
 r pasture. 
 n bunches 
 generally 
 licliardHon 
 u 
 
 885.) 
 
 and under 
 ts weed in 
 foundland, 
 3ven from 
 
 1. (j; M. 
 lii'ies from 
 , N. W. T. 
 (Daicson.) 
 Ian., 1827. 
 ward from 
 Valley; a 
 oldstream, 
 
 C.VTALOOUE OP 0A9rAI)lAN PI.A.NTS. 
 
 24.? 
 
 (2935.) A. violaceum, Lango; Vasoy, Cat, (I.mhhos r.,S. !)7, (ISs.",.) 
 IViticum riolitaum, Ilorneiu. ; Macoun, ('at. No. 2210. 
 On the summit of Mount Albert, GasiH", (^. (Porter.) Touc-hwood 
 Hills, Long Lake, Assinihoia, and westward to Kdmonton; rather 
 common lit the Bow River valley, from Calgary westward to Kicking 
 Ilorso Lake, in the l{(,cky Mountain.^. (Macoun.) Lake Lindcmai' 
 lat. 59° 40'; Pelly Banks, lat. (J2-^'; and Lewes Hivcr, hit. GV, N.W.T.' 
 (Daicson.) Fort Conger, (Irinnell Lund, lat. 81°, 44'. (Lieut Greehj.) 
 Greenland. (Lamje.) 
 
 733. SECAUE, Linn. (RYE) 
 
 (293().) 8. SATIVUM, J.inn. .. 
 
 Cultivated in most parts of the countiy, and occasionally met with 
 in meadows and wheal fields. 
 
 734. TRITICUM, Linn. (WHEAT) 
 
 (2937.) T. VULGARE, Linn. 
 
 Many varieties are cultivated. It would be an interesting study if 
 a complete series of these were gi'own at i\w Experimental Farm, 
 and specimens of themdi-ied and mounted for futui'o reference. Over 
 two hundred varieties are named and in collections in Europe. Many 
 ofthenewvarieties lately cultivated are no doubt old forms brought 
 into cultivation. The Wild Goose Wheat of Edmonton turns out to be 
 Tnticim Polanicum or Poland Wheat, and was known over 150 years 
 ago. The legend that this wheat was obtained from the crop of a wild 
 goose may be true, as Linnteus himself believed it to bo a native of 
 Central Asia. 
 
 735. HORDEUIM, Linn. (BARLEY) 
 
 (2938.) H. Jubatum, Linn. ; Tursh, Fl. I., 80. (Wild Barley.) 
 
 On the sea-coast, and on saline soil in the pi'airie I'cgion. Bedford 
 N.S. (Sommers, Cat.) Salt marshes at Truro, Annapolis, and Yar- 
 mouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Pictou, and Magdalen Islands, N S (McKay ) 
 
 Iff- 
 
"244 
 
 (lEOLOOICAL SIIRVKT OF CANADA. 
 
 Suiidy Hoil along tlu» Giilt Hlioro, N.U. {Fowler, Cat.) Kllis Bay, 
 Anticosti (St. Cyr.) Salt Lake, nnd Knglish Bay, Anticonti ; marshes 
 along the (Jartpd coast, 1^. (Afacoun.) TadoiiBac, St. Lawronco Rivor. 
 {A. T. Drummond.) Viciiiily of Oilawa. {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) \oith 
 Bhoro of LaUo Sii|)ori()r. {Aynsaiz.) Sault Hto. iMurio. { R. Jiell.) Sundn 
 at the moulli of Ciiri'ont Kiv(M', at tho Pic, and at Fort William, Luke 
 Superior ; also ivt Xi|>igon Ilouso, Lako Xipigon. {Macoun.) Lake 
 uliuro, Port Artliur, J.ako SupOiior ; Kinorson, Man. (Bunjess.) Hod 
 ]kiv(!i', ])rairio generally, and westward to Tui-tlc Mountain. {Dawson. 
 Milhaan.) NclHun River, Keevvatin. {R. Bell.) Mooho Factory, James 
 Hay. (Cottar & Dr. Jlaijdrn.) Lako MistaHsini, N.K.T. ; Charlton 
 jhland, and Fort (ieorge, James Biiy ; Severn llivor, Koewatin ; Souris 
 Plain, Man. (./. M. Macoun.) JJod Jiiver, Man., 1S27. {Dowjlns.) 
 Common on saline soil aioiind pondn, from Winnipeg westward to the 
 mountains, and northward to Peace I'tivcr, and Lake Athabasca; in 
 tho foot-hills of the Rocky .Mountiiins, and westward lo Caslle Moun- 
 tain; vicinity of Victoi-ia, and along the coast of Vancouver Island. 
 {Macoun.) Milk Kivor liidgc, AUiertu; Lewes River, lat. Gl", N.W.T. 
 {Dawson.) Fort Yukon, Yukon IJivor. {Rothr. Alask.) Plains of the 
 Saskatchewan to tiio Mackenzie Bivoi-. {Ifooker, FL) Kandcjops, 
 B.C. {Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 C2!»r{9.) H. MiiHi.NU.M, Jiinn. ; Bot. Calif., JL, 225. 
 
 introducod in ballast, at Victoria, and Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) 
 
 (2010.) H. pratense, lluds. ; Hook., Fl. U., 250. 
 
 H, nodosum, Linn. ; 15ot. Calil'. 11., 325. 
 East end of Cypress Hills, Alberta. (Macoun.) Abundant on the 
 coast of Vancouver Island, at ^'ictoi'ia, Cadboro Bay, Nanaimo, Quali- 
 cmn, and Alborni. (Macoun.) Esquimalt, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) 
 North end of Texada Island, Gulf of Geoi'gia, B.C.; (^ueon Charlotte 
 Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Bartlett 
 Bay, Alaska, (Meehan.) Vancouver city, Burraid Inlet, B.C. (Prof. 
 Fowler.) Sitka. (Barclay.) 
 
 (20-11.) H. pusillum, Nutt, Gen. I., 157 
 
 Cadboro and Oak bays, Vancouver Islai also ai' the .mada 
 Southern Bailway, at Amherstburgh, Ont, iiilroduccM from tho west 
 along tho railway, (Macoun.) 
 
 (2012.) H. MARcriMtM, With.; Hook., English Bot., 505. 
 Introduced in ballast at >'anairao, A'ancouvcr Island. (Macoun.) 
 
lis Bny, 
 marshoH 
 Rivor. 
 North 
 .) Sandw 
 m, Liiko 
 ) Liiko 
 s.) Red 
 [Dawson. 
 y, Janios 
 Charlton 
 i; Souris 
 Douijlns.) 
 I'd to the 
 )asca ; in 
 lo Moun- 
 31' Island. 
 \ N.W.T. 
 ins of the 
 Lanihjops, 
 
 )!• Island. 
 
 nt (III the 
 no, (iuaii- 
 Fletcher.) 
 Charlotte 
 Bartlett 
 ( Prof. 
 
 .iiiada 
 tho west 
 
 couii.) 
 
 CAT.V(,0(it E Of (ANAUI.AN IT. ANTS. 245 
 
 736. ELYMU8, Linn. (RYE-GRASS.) 
 (2njn.) K. arenarius, Linn.; ilooU,, Fl. Il„ 2r)5. 
 
 Common on sand hcaehes along tho coasts of Vanoouvor Island, i>oth 
 on tho oast and west sides of tlio island. (Manoun.) (jueon Chai'lotto 
 Islands, B.('. (Dainivn.) Vancouvor oity, l^iirrard Inlot, li.C. {Prof. 
 Fowler.) Island of Kodiak, (lianidi/.) North-west coast to Kotzohuo 
 Sound. {Jlookcr, Fl.) Norton .Sound to i'oinl Jiarrow. (Jlot/ir. Aiitsk.) 
 CJrcenland. (LatKje.) 
 
 Owing to tho confusion that soems to exist between this species and 
 E. mollis, I have placed all the notices of the western form undor 
 E. arenurid, and the eastern and interior nn(!s under the F. mollis- it 
 is extremely probable that they are both forms of one species. 
 
 (2!i4-t.) E. AmericanuS, Vasey iV Scribnor. 
 
 E. Sibirimi>, Linn.; Hook., Fl. II., 255 ; Maconn, Cut. No. 2224. 
 All specimens hitherto referred to 7v', Sihirirus are included by the 
 nutiiors ill this species, and the Siberian jilant is luit considei'ed by 
 them an Amei-ican form. Maimainse, ea>t coast of Lake Superior; 
 Pine Portage, Nipi;;<)n Rivor, Ont. ; .Moose Jaw Creek, east end of 
 Cypi'css Hills, and north-westward to Peace River, at Dun vegan. 
 {Maconn.) Pine Pass, Rocky Mountains, lat. ;uf. (Dairson.) Rather 
 common in the vallo3's of the Rock}- and Selkirk mountains; very 
 abundant in dam[i thickets on every part of Vancouver Island. 
 (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Flet'her.) Fraser 
 Valley, near Yale, B.C. {Bowman.) Sitka, t fiot/ir. Alask.) Fmor- 
 son, and Winnipeg, Man. ; also Vancouver city, Burrard Inlet, B.C. 
 {Prof. Fowler.) 
 
 (294J.) E. Canadensis, Linn. ; Pursh. I'l. I., 8'J. (Wild Rxi}.) 
 
 A lino stout grass growing on river banks and dry hillsides through- 
 out Canada. Pictou, N.S. {McKay.) Sussex and Petitcodiac; Hel 
 River, Carloton Co., N.B. {FowliTyCat.) Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher, 
 FL Ott.) Abundant on rocky banks of the Moii'a and Trent, and their 
 branches in central Ontario. (Maconn.) VicinitN* of Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Logic.) London, and Point aux Pins, Lake Mrio. (Bunjess.) Klk 
 Island, Lake Winnipeg. {J. M. Macoun.) North shore of Lake Suporioi-. 
 {Aijassiz.) Coteau do Missouri, and Wood-end, Assiniboia. {Bunjess.) 
 Souris Plain, Man. (J, M. Macoun.) Brandon, and near Fort KUice, 
 Man.; Moose Jaw Creek, Long Lake, and source of Qu'AppoUo Rivci-, 
 Assiniboia, and westward in the northern jiruirie to the Rocky .Moun- 
 
^. 
 
 24G 
 
 fiEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 
 
 tains; on gravelly banks, in tlic Columbia Valloy. (Mueoun.) Oil 
 Man River, Rocky Mountains ; also Wood-end, and Tui'tlo .Mountain, 
 49th parallel. (Daicson.) Roil Kivfr. Man., 1827. (Dou/jlas.) 
 
 Var. glaucifolius, Gmy. ^[nn. Ed. V., (J39. 
 
 K ijlavrfolliiy, Willi. ; Ptirsli, Fl. I., 89. 
 
 Foliage glaucus and awns longer and more spreading than the type. 
 The difference is more marked in living plants. Niagara Falls ; on 
 rocky banks. {Bunjet-s.) Sand banks, Prince Edward Co., Ont. {Mill- 
 man.) On I'ocks, Hcely Falls, Northumbei'Iantl Co., Ont. (Macoun.) 
 Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Lotjie.) Point Edward, Eivor St. Clair, 
 Ont. (J. M. Macoiin.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) Himdy 
 shore, Laice of the Woods. (Dcvcson.) 
 
 (294G.) E. COndensatUS, Presl, Eel. Hffink. I., 2G5. 
 
 Jn saline marshes and swamps, both cast and west of the Rocky 
 Mountains. Ribstone Creek, east of Hand Kills, Alberta; westward 
 from Medicine Hat to JJocky Mountains ; also at Cache Creek, B.C. 
 (Macoun.) Kootanic Pass, Rocky Mountains; also Similkamecn River, 
 ]3.C. (Dawson.) Ladner's Landing, Lower Eraser, B.C. (Fletcher.) 
 
 (2947.) E. dasystachys, Trin.; Vasey,Cat. Gi'assesU.^;. 99, (1885.) 
 Severn River, Keewatin. (./. M. Macoun.) Nelson River, Keewatin. 
 (R. B^Jl.) Noi'th Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. (t)awson.) 
 Abundant on hillsides, and in burnt woods from Calgary westward 
 through the Rocky Mountains to ihe Coluinliia Valley; very common 
 in northern British Columbia to McLcod's Lake, hit. 5.")°. (Macoun.) 
 Lea.'^e River, B.C., lat. .59°. (D,(wson.) 
 
 (2948.) E. Maoounii, Vascy, ('at. (Jrasses U.S. 99, (1R85.) 
 
 Abundant in many parts of the prairie region, extending from 
 (^a'Appclle westward to the Kaglo Hills, and southward to the Hand 
 Hills, wl'.ei'e it is particularly common, as well as at Morley. A tine 
 grass growing chiefly in bunches. 
 
 (2949.) E. mollis, Trin.; Hook., Fl. II., 255. 
 
 IJ. (irciKirhts, var. \ li/losn.-; ]•]. ;Meyer, Lai)rad. 20. 
 Abundant along the Atlantic and (iulf coasts. Xain, and Ford's 
 Harbor, coast of Labrador; Cape Prince of Wales, Nottingham Island, 
 and Diggo's fsland. Hudson Strait. (R.Bell.) Pictou, N.S. (Sonimers, 
 Cat.) Cape Eorteau, near Varinouth, and Ifalifax, N.S. (Macoun & 
 Burqeso.) Sand beaches, Kouchibougiiac, and at Rostiifoucho, N.B, 
 (Fowler, Cat.) Ellis liay, Anticosti. (St. Ci/r.) Along the St. Law- 
 rence, at Tamiscouata. (Frinijle.) North shore of Lake Superior. 
 
— ■^l.^.M.-' 
 
 MSfli-V**ii0*t>' 
 
 'Nt^ 
 
 CATAI.OdUK OK CANADIAN I'LANTS. 
 
 Oil 
 
 247 
 
 (/!.».) Om smid at tl,o mouth of CtMTOi.t JJivei- and alcu' tl,o 
 north-cast coast of Lake Superior; rast coast of Lake Nipi-r,,,, 
 (Macomi.) AloMiT James Bay. and north to Yo.-k Faet.ny, Hudson 
 Hay. (J. M. Macoun.) Between Fort Churchill and Eep.dso Bay 
 {JJr. Mae.) Saskatchewan to JJear Lake, and the Ai'ctic shore- 
 (Hooker, Fl.) Greenhmd. {Latuje.) 
 
 (29:)0.) C. Strlatus, Willd.; I'ursii, Fl. I.. 8!i. 
 
 i:. villosm, Muhl. ; I'lirsli, VI, ].,S(i ; JJook., Fl. IL, 25(3. 
 We have never seen Canadian specimens of this species Niairari 
 Falls, and London, Ont. (Bunj.ss.) Vicinity of Hamiiion, Ont 
 i-Loffie.) Canada. (Go/die, in Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 (2[)51.) E. Virginicus, Linn.; Miehx., Fl. J., (J5 ; Pursh, Fl I S') ■ 
 Hook., Fl. II., 255. . • 'O. , 
 
 Abundant in the alluvium of river flats. Quito common at Whyco- 
 comagh, Cape Breton, and Truro, N.S. ( Macoun .k Burgess) On 
 intervales at Hampton, and Coal Branch, ^.Q. (Fowler Cat) Fills 
 Bay Antieosti; St. Foyo iJoad, Q. [St. Cyr.) Vicinity' of Ottaw.a. 
 {Hetcher,M.Ott.) Kemptvillc, Ont. (7V^t.) Low ^^round alon.- 
 brooks and largo streams th.-ouuh,.ut ce.itral Ontario, west to Owen 
 Sound, au.l north-vestcrly to the west side of Lake Superi-.r, (Macoun ) 
 \ icinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logle.) London, Out. ; in the river flat"- 
 Lmer.son, Man. (Burge.,.^.) Rosseau River. .Man. (Dawson.) 
 
 Var. /i. SUbmuticus, Hook., Fl. II.. 2.5"). 
 
 Along the Nation Rivei', at Casselman, near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl 
 Ott.) Cumberland House, on the Saskat^diewan ; cnnmon c.-ist of the 
 Eocky Mountains. (Hooker, Fl.) Not uncommon along the Assini- 
 bome and (^I'Appelie rivers, Man. (Macoun.) Easilv distinLniished 
 from tho species by the short awn. 
 
 (29.52.) E. Vancouverensis, Vasey, Bull.Torr.Bot. Club, XV., 48. 
 Abundant, growing in sand clo.se to the sea; on Mr Fuller's fann 
 Oak Bay, near Victoria, Vancouver Islan.l. F.xtensivdv creeping in' 
 the sand, by running root-stocks. Collected June 30lh, 18S7. (Macoun.) 
 
 (2953.) E. Columbiana, (120.) 
 
 Abundant, gr.,wing in tufts on gravel close to tho sea, at Qualicum 
 Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Texada Island, Gulf ..f Geor-ia B c' 
 (Daivson.) A very interesting grass with the general appearance "of 
 A. tcnerum. 
 
 P 
 
 : 
 
 ( 
 
U8 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY/ OF CANADA. 
 
 737. ASPRELLA, Wllld. (BOTTLF-BRUSH GRASS.) 
 
 K 
 
 
 i 
 
 (2954.) A. hystrix, WilKl. ; Uook., Fl. II., 257. 
 
 Elynms hystrix, Linn. ; Torr., Fl. I., 138. 
 GijmnosHchum hiistri.c, Schreb. ; Macoun, Cat. No. 2231- 
 
 On rocky soil in woods, not common. Eel Eiver, Carleton Co., N.B. 
 {Fowler, Cat.) Between Florencevillc, and Andover, N.B. (Brittain.} 
 St. Eomi, Q. {McGilt Coll. Herb.) Eocky woods, near Ottawa. 
 {Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Common near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Eocky 
 woods and thickets around Belleville, Ont.; woods at Owen Sound, 
 Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Xof/«e.) Near Kingston, 
 Ont, (Millman.) Thickets at London, Ont. (Burgess.) Canada to the 
 Saskatchewan. (Hooker, Fl.) 
 
 Addendum. 
 (2955.) Carex iseviculmis, Moinch. (ined.) 
 
 0. elongata, Hook., Fl. II., 213. 
 Sitcha. (Bong.) I am informed by Mr. Bennett that Charles F. 
 Meinchausen, Director of the Botanical Museum, St. Petersburgh, has 
 just named the Alaskan C. elongata as above, but the description has 
 not yet been published. 
 
\ 
 
 ■•Sjiyi*>' 
 
 ^ .„m^-*'&^-'^. 
 
 ''<4*^; 
 
 /r'