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Lea diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^' --,f»Sfw PASTORAL LETTER -OF THE- lligit l^ekrmb Jo|n iials|, §. '*f BISHOP OF SANDWICH, PUBLISHING Srije |j0pe'0 (gncijclkal Cdter OF THE 17th OF OCTOBER, 1867, AND APPOINTING A TRirUUM IK COMPLIANCE WITH ITS CONDITIONS. 1868. d? OF THE Higlit ^rocienli Jolm mabl), p. p., BISHOP OF SANDWICH. PUBLISHING THE POPE'S ENCYCLICAL LETTER OF 17TH OCTOBER, 18G7, AND APPOINTING A TRIDUUM IN COMPLIANCE WITH ITS DIRECTIONS. i Dearly Beloved Brethren, Once more the voice of the Holy Father resounds tlirough the Christian world, protesting against sacrilegious violence and injustice, and calling attention to the evils that overspread the face of Italy, and that have swept in a devastating tide over unhappy Poland. In an Ency- clical 1 'Uer, addressed some time since to the universal Church, the Su- preme rtill bewniis these evils in accents akin to those in wliich our dear Kedc< mer mourned over the doomed city of Jerusalem. jNIany a time, during his eventful but glorious Pontificate, has Pius IX. had cause to de- nounce wickedness, to condemn error, to draw^ the dividing line between truth and falsehood, and with unfaltering voice, to point out to an erring world, the road which leads to virtue and happiness. Like un!<) hi.i Divine Master, he has been the object of ingratitude, treachery and hatrecl ; he luis been maligned and persecuted, — a living fullilment of the words ad lie-;ed by our Lord to His Apostles," The sorvnnt is not greater than his master; if thev have persecuted iSle, they will also persecute you." (St. John xv. 20 ) ' Our Divine Redeemer came eating and drinking, and yet He pleased not— our Holy Kallier instituted vefoinis, and he was repaid by treason and revolution. Durin- iiis long reign, he has striven to make his people happy, and noveitheiess, ha is reviled and calumniated. Amid all his un- deserved sudVringsi the fiery trials to which ho has been subject^dj the bitter nerswution and obloquy of whirii he has been the target, at the hands of the base and depraved, ha pres^'uts a sublime spectacle to the world,—- tiie noblest exaiiiple which the age has afforded of the triumph of moral strength over brute forces of triith and virUie oyer falsehood and iniquity. And why all this hatred and calumnv and injiwtice -which a«sail the Sove- re'"n Pontitf? It is an old story: the continuation of the enmity placed by'tiod between the seed of the woman and that of the serpent, the unin- terninted wartan! between good and evil, that has raged in the world since the lall. The Holy Father is the visible Head of the Christian religion, and the enemies of Jesus and of His blessed work on earth hate him on that account, and would destroy him if they conUl. The Papacy is the foundation of the everlasting Church, the centre of its unity and iountain of iurisdictior, and they see at a glance that by destroying the Papacy, they would thereby destrov the lieligion they detest. It is the old cry oi the Deicides : ' Away with Him, away with Him," " we will have no king but Cjcsar." The Papacv isalso the guardian of order, tVe bulwark of society anciof thrones, and the revolution aims at the destruction of these through the downfall of the Papacy. Of course, the enemies of religion and ot so- ciety mask their sataiiic designs under the flimsy veil of pretence. They would they allef^e, respect religion, and would not Jill a profane hand a'-ainst the sacred ark of the Christian ( hurch. They would surround the au'nist Head of the Church with all the veneration and pomp due to his ex- alted di'-'iiity, but they would dei)rivo him of his temporal power in order lo leave" hini free! to'attend exclusively to the interests of religion, and would establish "a free Church in a fre."- State." In order to understand the absurdilies of these pretences, the shallow sophistrv of these vapid declaniatioiis, the glaiiiig injustice and whkedness of this self-imposed mission of ilie revolutionists, it may be useful to go to the root of the Roman question, and glance briefly at the tremendous issues it involves. ^, ,» i i • , r i We shall begin b\ .-tating that the Primacy of St. Peter and his lawful su'-cessors over the Christian Church is an article ot faith and a funda- mental doctrine of Citholivism. What the sun is to the solar system, that the Primacy <«f the Apostolic See is to the Catholic system of belief. The ClHircli is a kingdom, it must have a chief ruler; it is a visible bod>, it must hiive a s isihie head ; it is a house, it must have a head of the family ; if is a slu'ep-iold, it must have a su))renie shepherd. Our Rlessed Lord I roitusril Peter liie iieadship of the Ciiiirrli, when He said, " I say unto thee Ihou art Peter, and ou this rock 1 will build My Church, and the gates of hell shall never prevail against it. And to thee I will give the keys of the kingd -in of heaven, whatsoever ihow shalt bind on earth shall be bound m heaven," etc., etc (Matt. xvi. 1.5-20.) Peter, then, is the rock on ^yhich the everlasting Church is built, the corner stone of the solid founda- tion on which that majestic structure so securely repose-. All Chri.-tian antiquity maintains that in the words above quoted, our Divine Hedeemer promistMl the primacy of Peter and of his otHce, and it no less unanimously teaches that this promise was fulfilled when our Saviour gave to Peter the commission to feed the lambs and sheep of His flock : "Feed my lambs, feed my sheep," (John xxi. 10-17,) that is, aeconling to the interpre'tation of the Fathers, the whole Hock of Christ: — bishops, priests, as well as the sim- ple faithful. It is not our purpose here to argue and contend for a doctrine, butsimply to state an article offaith professed by overtwo hundred mi'lions of the human race, and held as a fundamental doctrine by the living CI, rch in all ages down from the time of its institution by Christ. From the very first, we find acknowledged the supreme power of St. Peter and of his suc- cesf^ors in spirituals over the universal Church. The writings of tlie early Fathers and the decisions of the first (Jeneral Councils leave no doubt on this point. 'I'hus, according to the Fathers, Peter is the " solid rock, — the great foundation, — to him the keys of the kingdom were granted,— to him the sheep were assigned, and he is the universal shepherd. He is the pillar of the Church— the eye of the Apostles— the mouth of the Apostles— the head of the Apostles— the prince of the Apostles — the one who has the primacy of the Apostleship, ' and primacy over the universal Church.' " The Fathers also call the Roman Church the "matrix of all the churches;" "it is the head See— it is possessed of a superior principality — it is the head of the churches — the Apostolic See — the fountain, and other churches are the streams." To it all must have recourse. " He is profane — an alien — an antichrist who is separated from Rome." And of the Pontiff who occupies the .*''ee of Peter, they say, "This is tlie fisherman's successor — he holds the place of Peter — he has the charge of all — hf has tht« primacy in all things —the chief Pontiff— the bis-hop of bishops — the primate of all the bishops," etc., etc., etc. Such, Dearly Beloved Brethren, is the teaching of all Christian anti- quity, in fact, the teaching at all times, of the universal Church, in regard to the primacy of St. Peter and of his successors ; and impartial history is there to attest that this doctrine has not remained a mere abstrac t triith, but that it has always bern put into practice. But let us see what does this primacy imply. It implies, on the part of the Pope, a universal jurisdiction over the entire Church, over all the children of Christ, the right of convoking General Councilsand of appoint- ing bishops, the duly of feeding with salutary doctrine the lamhs and sheep of the fold of which he is the supreme shepherd ; it implies, therefore, the right of free access to the whole ( hurch, the right of controlling and direct- 6 inglludhildivii ofllic Clmn;!!, aiul its subordiiiatc nilor.s in wliri lover cliirit' in wluitc'vcr n;i(i,.ii. iiihl«;r wliatever form of j^ovenmiciii they may livf! It mi|) irs, also, OM tl.o part oJ the bishops of the Church, tlie paramount mimterrupted and mitraiiin.elled, like the flowing and ebbing of the ide. Who does not see, th.-n-fore, that th.; doetrine of the primacv involves as a corollary the divine ri-ht of freedom of communication be- tween the ilcadol the Ciiurch and its -.embers, thi; riglit of the supreme Ton itf of hemg free and independent of any human power in the discharge o the sublime tluties of his office. Such a freedom is an essential element of Church government and discipline, and the Church is in its normal state only when it enjoys it. No\v, us a se'curity a.,d guarantee of this freedom ofaelion .,n the part of the Sov.r."i,-ii Pontill, lie who established the primacy so disposed of events as to prepar. tb.> way for tl„. temporal power of tlie Popes. He who reads history arigbt, must see the fin-er of (iod in tlie gradual establish- ment and consohdatiou of the temporal ,.ower, as the condition of the free- dom und i.ulcpen.lence of the- Ilea.) of the Church in the di.,cliarge of his sacre. duties Daniel saw is his vision of the night the whoJe divine plan, ucc-ordiug to whieh empire was to give the way to empire, and kingdom was o succed ki»g.'n.I..!H e ^vas o retPe to tl>e gloom of the catacombs, or to slied their blood oi tl... led M .f,o,d of martyrdom. But that was not the normal state of the (h .>au> ( h.n-h i;,.rsernt.on had done its worst against it and utterlv i^.bcl m its object. Hu.nan j.assions broke in angrv w^ves against the rock of n. 1 li-i, I.eg.ni to manili'st itM-lf Ihe a.^tion of Divin,- Providence in preparing tlioway rorlhcostahlislmientoftlieteiiipor.il power. Conslantinp, after i?iviiig freecloni and protoLtioii to the ( hiircli, Ira.isfers the seat of em- pire from lioine to the banks of the Bosphorus. " The same precincts," observes Count de Muistre, " could not contain the emperor and the Pontitf. Constantiuc yichh'd up Rome to th>' Pope. From that time wc also observe that the emperors seem no longer at home in Kornc: they resemble stran- gers passing;; through and lodging there from time to time." At leiigtli, .he period had arrivecl for the dc trnction of the Wotnaii empire and its guilty capital— Pagan Home, the BaLylon of the Apocalypse. A < ry had go'ne up against it from the Christian martyrs, an 1 was heard ; the iionr of its doom had struck. The barbarians, burstinnf from their northern climes and savage forests, swept ovor the empire with the might nnd impetuosity of an irre- sistible inundation. The Uoinan legions were annihilated; the empire it- self, the consolidation of centuries, was broken into fragments by many a hard stroke : tunsione plurima. Rome's haughty gates were torn down and carried away, and the city itself reduced to a " marblr wilderness." But there was in that city a principle of vitality — the Papacy; and Christian Rome, blessed with the Gospel of immortality, arose on the ruins of Pagan Rome, and becomes the capital of " a kingdom whieli can never be destroy- ed." Thfc feeble emperors of Constantinople were impotent to protect their subjects, and the abandoned peoples of Rome and the adjoining countries turned to the Pope f r protection, and elected him their sovereign. The Supreme Magistracy was spontaneously transferred by the Roman Senate and people to the Sovereign Pontiff, Gregory II., A. D. 730. " 'I he l)ishops of Rome then \)Qc&me,de facto et dejure,the temporal as well as the spiritual fathers of a free people, and after the loss of her legions and provinces, Rome was again restored to honor and dominion. The Chair of Peter re- placed the throne of the Ctesars ; the seat of empire became the sanctuary of religion ; and had it not been for this new vital principle, whicli renova- ted her decayed energies, Rome, like other cities of antiquity, like Thebes, or Babylon, or Carthage, might have been blotted from the map of the earth, verifying the awful foreboding of Luean, ' Fulnda nomen exit.' " (O'Dono- van's Rome, Ancient and Modern, p. 68.) "The temporal power of the Popes," says Gibbon, "is now confirmed by the reverence of a thousond years, and their noblest title is the free choice of a people whom they had redeemed from slavery.'" This necessarily r?,pid and imperfect sketch of the way in which the temporal power of the Papacy was brought into ex- istence, is sufficient to convince the impartial reader that this power is the work of Providence : "Digitus Dei est hie." And with this work the lib- erty of conscience and the independence of the Church have been provi- dentially united for centuries. In the words of the illustrious Bishop of Or- leans, " it is necessary to the spiritual securityof the Church and to our own, that the Pope be free and independent, that this independence must be sove- reign, that the Pope be free and that he appear free." And the Pope has time and again asserted that his temporal sovereignty is, in the pre -^nt .tate or society, neee^arv to h. ^E^^ ;;:iS "^S^^me^ :::' ^^ Head of the lunvcrsal t, hurch ; a. m, ),«»« g/««^ „_ ^^■ p.^.^ia put the enemies of the Holy See ^-'^^-^X'X a letta 'to Voltaire: " The ea.y case as ntrongly a« ^-«r^^«. """.I^ ^ ^"; '".^y be looked forward to. This conquest of the Vapul State., he says m y potentate in done, the -allium is ours ^"^ IvZT^/u sS«'f «/ «.o«^^»- ;;o«rr as the Europe »'o»/r/ /.^' tvillmg to "'^^^''''Zv^J.Z.^^^^^^ set up a Patriarch ; VuJ- W C/H■^s^^ All -ll|f-:;-^,^r„';;.VSy ot and we by and by, each ruler vvil .^"';^ V .r«««n" r Li«" as well as a native shall then have in each ''"g^>""' *^ ..'^ '^"'X^vital interests are bound tongue." You see. Dearly Beloved ^'^^''^^J^' .^^t afl ts the happiness and up with the Roman q"««^^7^,f"l^''^The nriWcy of the Pope is a divine s^^iritual vvelfare ofe^e^y Ca^^^^^^^^^^^^^ institution ; the temporal .s"^y>'fe f. this sovereignty is a providential condition of the f-eexercise of it d^^^^^ ,,d rjry' CaTSru^l eL;MsTe;\";intereated in having it respected and ^^'"SuUhe revolutionists insi^ ^^I^J^ ^ !tfS':'X^ sovereignty, and of thereby. robbing the Catholic ^ J^^^^ spiritual freedom.wh.ch '^^';"^««P^!J*t^uSv their wicked designs by the rfead of the Church and they seek to J»«t^ y ^^eir ^^^^ ^^^^^^J^^^ ^^^^,, followins reasons : [a] R""^'' ''^\°"f J" Ij L'J Jtc. . Now, Rome never want the Pontiff King and are mi^oven.ed. ^^ ^^^^ ^^ '^^ich Italy belonged to luily. t was the cap a^^^^^^^^ ^„,, ,„ the formed a P^r' but Vt "ever ntj, ^^^^^ j^^^^^ contrary,IUvly belonged to It, or tose .nonuments ol Italy, and '^Iterwards th« discovered earth ^^^^^^^ world and its Pagan Home were built at the ^x enj,c oi 4 ^^ ^ behming (,rristian monuments ^ave l-en bml at the (^^^^^^ .atisiied with tvorld. Komc belongs not to Italy. ""J, t c n ,^1 ruler. Does their government, and do not want l'^.^^^; ff^^ ,Vd% ^)o the Govern- rfollow from this that the Pope ^\«"'^.^r ^^^^^^^^^ .nents of Europe act upon the political doctrine tl^^at^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ functions, when their «»»^J-;^« ^e^/ '^^^^ fa' in the case of Poland? "P"" ''''^ ^'?r?'V%'lm3 B 1 1 e latpiiaralVaid ofthe revolutionists Turkey, in tha of Candia ? ^^,7 "'^, 'f'^,f^tration that the liomans are emi- on R<.man territory has proved t" ^ dtmo"sa^^a^^^^ ^r,dhme no love „e,tly loyal, and ^hat they hejt.l de e^t U^^^^^^ ^^^ j^_^^^_ „i.tory re- for, no sympathy with, the '^^''-^^''^''^'''^"^^^i/ed, more unjust proceeding cords not, in her darkest g^' : ^ "i"\",X y by' a band of land-pirates. Sr^;™tSnt JtSSkKX ^Ives which prompted it. 11 e y is n he re ire id ul ne k1 lal lul nd vil nd he ihe ^er ver aly the red of its ing ,ith loes ixn- heir act nd? lists jmi- love r re- ding ates, ;tory late 3d it. Atlter all, Providence does not easily allow its work to be undone : " Fata ytam pandent." Divine Providence will work itself a way through all the intricacies of Stat^? craft, and through all hostile combinations ; and across the passage of the execution of its decrees, adverse treaties and conventions will lie in scattered scraps, tanqitam folia qua a venlocajnuntur, evidences at once of the folly and short-sightedness of man, and of the irresistible power and all-seeing wisdom of God. An old iioniiim legend hath it, that " while the t olisseum stands, Home shall stand; and when the Colissenm falls, Rome shall fall ; and when Rome falls, the world." With far greater truth it might be said, that were the temporal power of the Papacy swept away by the tide of revolution, then Hone would fall, with a thundering crash, from its high eminence in the word; the moral order would be grievously disturbed, for divine and human laws would be grievously vio- lated. The sacied rights of conscience would be trampled in the dnst ; the Christian world would be thrown into confusion ; and the light, that shone far and wide thr ages, a beacon of hope to the weak and oppressed of humanity, would disappear from uiiworlhv Italy. True, the Piipacv must stand until the consummation of the world. As the sun, whether ris- ing or setting, or in i.s meridian splendor, is still the sun; so the Pope, whe- ther m Rome or in some islet of the sea, or an exile and stranger in some distant land, would still be the Pope, (Prist's vicegerent on earth; and from him would still radiate the light of truth over the C hurch. Hut the Catholic world will never allow the Father of the Faithful to be an exile or homeless wanderer, or yet. the subject of any earthly sovereign; and in spite of the revolution, it will, please God, ever preserve to him the posi^on which the providence of God, the choice of a free people, and the piety and veneration of ages have assigned him. No ! Rome shall never fall ; it shall ever remain the rivitas Dei, the city of the soul, the Sion of the new dispensation, the sacred country of Christian millions, towards which not only "the orphans of fae heart," but all the children of the Church, will turn with hope and affection, will turn for safe guidance through the jour- ney of time, and from which will ever flow the bright streams of saving doctrines for the healing of the nations, like those waters of lif?, which Eze- chiel saw in prophetic vision issuing from under the holy temple. lEze- chiel chap, xlvii.j But the merciful designs of Divine Providence may depend for their fulfilment upon the prayers and worthy dispositions of those for whose ben- efit they are intended. Had the Ninivites turned a deaf ear to the preach- ing of Jonas, their city would have been destroyed. Had Jerusalem known " the day of her visitation," its enemies would not have casta trench about It and compassed it round, and straitened it on every side, and beat it flat to the ground. And so it is our duty to pray that God may still protect the Head of the Church and his civil sovereignty against the attacks of the enemies of both. Prayer is all-powerful with God ; "if we ask the Father anything m the name of Jesus, it will be given us." It was prayer that I t 10 saved the people of God in the desert, that often gave victory to the arms of Israel over their enemies. It was the prayers of the faithful that opene«l for St. Peter the prison gates and set him free ; and hence, the Holy father, in his late Encyclical, calls npon us in the most feeling terms to pray lor hinx and the Holy Church : he says, — « Amidst so many calamities and afHiciions tci which we and the Church are .i.biected, as ihere is none other to combat for us but the Lord our God, we earnestly, a.Min and again, entreat you, venerable brethren, to unite, m your devotedness and ardent affection (or the Catholic cause, your most fervent prayers wnh ours ; and, to- oether with your cler 'y and faithful people, to ..ffer your supplications to Go; , pray- fng Him to be mindful of His eiernal mercies, lo avert His .nger from us, to liberate Hi-s holy Church and us from so many evils, to assist and defend by His all powerful iuin, the children of the same Church, most dear to us, who in a most every country, but particularly in Italy and in tlie Russian empire, and in the iiingdom of Poland, a e beset by so many snares and subjected to so many afHictions; to preserve, and ionfirm, and strengthen them every day more and more in the profession ot the Ca- tholic faith and its saving doctrines ; to dissipate the impious designs ol wiclied men, and 10 withdraw our enemies from the abyss of iniquity unto the path of salvation, and unto the observance of His commandments. Wherefore, we desire that, within six momhs, or in foreign parts ^vithin a year, a public triduum shall be celebrated m your dioceses ; and that the faithful may the more eagerly frequent and take part in Uiese public prayers, we benignly grant a plenary indulgence to all the faithful who assist at such pr"ayers on the i.fon-said three days, praying God according lo our in- tention for the present n(>eessities of the Church, and approaching the holy sacraments of Penance and the Euch-irist. Moreover, to such faithful as, with contrition of heart, perform the prescribed works on one of the above days, we relax, in ihe usual form of the Church, seven years and as many 'quadragenre ' of penances enjoined on them or otherwise due for their mus. All which indulgences may be offered m suflrage lor the souls of the futhful who departed this life in the friendship of their Creator. Wherefore, to carry out the desires of the Holy Father, and in con- formity with his wishes, we ordain as follows : 1st. The Triduum, or three days' prayer, shall be celebrated in each of the churches and religious cominuMities of this diocese, between the second Sunday of February, and the 17th of next October. 2nd. The devotiot s of the Triduum shall consist of the Litany of Loretto, the Litany ot the Saints, and the Benediction of the Most Blessed Sacrnnent; which devotions will take place immediately after last Ma^s in those Churches to wrich the faithful could not conveniently come m the evening. 3rd. The Holy Mass will be offered up on each day of the Triduum, at the same hour as that on which the Pastors are wont to offer it up on Sun days. Ou these days, the (Collect contra persecutores et male agentes will be added to ihn other pnayers prescribed in the Mass. On eaxih day the respective pastors shall take care that suitable instructionH be given to theu people, and every opportunity afforded them of approaching the Sacraments, -M 11 4th The clerev of conterminous missions will agree anongst them- . i «; to the tS in which the rnrfuwrn will be celebrated in their re- TpS r^sl^nHn o"^^^^^^ they may assist one another in preaching, and in the administration of the Sacraments. 'Mh This Pastoral shall be read on the first Sunday after its reception, in alf the churches o7the diocese, and in chapter in religious communities. We earnestly exhort you, Dearly Beloved Brethren, to profit by the devoJ^onsof the rrlum. and we W God to have you m His holy ^^'^Gi^ven at our Episcopal Residence, London, on the Feast of St. Igna- tius BpIm.! the first day of February, A. D. 1868, under Our Hand and Seal, and the counter signature of Our Secretary. t JOHN, Bj) of Sandwich. I By order of His Lordship, F. O. J. OuELLET, Priest, Secretary,