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X - ■ - y > ■ V ■ / •" / //i- ■>* ■». \ \ v^ ..•*'.., V Agreearblf to fhe polite invita^ioni receired from Ladiei and GentleHieaia diflerent parte of this city, Mr. Sutton has concluded to vemaio in the city during the winter, and solieite a continuation of patronage so flatteringly bestow«d since be commenced giving his Geographical Lectures. Among hundreds of recommendations reeeired the following wBl alone be sufficient : From C. MondeM, JStg., MMtreal, Mr. J. P. Sutton's method of teaching Geography appears to me to be efficient ; the classification is judicious, and the whole very en- ticing to the pupils, owing greatly to Mr. Sutton's happy manner ofdeliTcry. A few additions to his " Student's Guide," such as the Latitudes and Longitudes of the Capitels, 8cc. and the extent in square miles of the principal divisions of the globe, would, in my opinion, be an improvement, Montreal, Nov. 17, 1841. CHARLES MONDELET. From JIfr. William Graftont Principal of the Qmm&cial Day and JCventflgr School, Wellington Street. 1 have taken great pleasure in examining Mr. Sutton's method of teaching Geography, and also in attending his Lectures given in my school. His pupils have made rapid improvement, and manifest m readiness and correetoess in perambulating the maps truly surpris- ing. I can with confidence recommend Mr. Sutton as a competent and efficient teacher, and worthy the confidence of my fellow citisens. His Student's Guide is a Judicious and systematic arrangement, and might be introduced into our schools with advantage. WILLIAM GRAFTON. Montreal, Nov. 18, 1841. 3Voy, Fcrmonl, Jitnuary 8, 1841. Tie undersigned Is acquainted with Mr. J. P. Sutton's method of teaehiag Geography, having witneaaed the reiuite of two courses of liMOM in this town the present winter } and he takes great {ilea* sure in saying that he regards the system as eminently useful, and Mr. Sutton as a successful instructor. I have never become acquainted with any method by which so much Geographical knowl^ge tould be acquired in so short a time as by this. In most cases a good knowledge of the science may be obtained in twelve lessons. 1 would, therefore, respectfully recom- mend Mr. Sutton to patronage and employment, confident thai those nho bestow them will receive an ample remuneration. D. M. BEARD, Charrman of Com. on Education, Ho. Re^. Vt, From L. Sleeper, laie I'utor in MUUdgeviUe College, Georgia, to the Editor of the Sherbrooke Gazette, Mb. Eoitob, JDear Sir, — We have been favoured during the last two weeks with a course of Lectures on Geography, by Mr. Sutton, whose success in teaching this useful branch of Science has lately acquired for him the unqualified approbation of Mr. Mondelet and many other Literary Gentlemen, who feel pleasure in witnessing the advance* meet of youth in the road to knowledge. It was remarked by Sterne, that <* there was a Norlh'Weet Pa$» $agt to Education," and Mr. S. in the examination of his class last evening, proved to a large concourse of spectators, that he had dis- covered this passage to the branch which he teaches. His system of classification and method of teaching, are here entirely new, and in every respect superior to the old method. A thorough knpwledge of this useful branch is acquired with a facility truly astonishing, and by constant repetition and. recourse to the maps for position, becpmes 'to fixed in the mind that it can never be forgotten. We wish Mr. S. every success in his laudable pursuit, and aU'Uie yOUlh in (his Province the benefit of receiving his instructions. SUnsteadPlain, July 3|, 1811. From Rev. Mr. Strongt Rector qf St James* Church, Greenfield, Jib. TO THOSE INTERESTED. This is to certify, that the betirer, Mr. J. P. Sutton, has recently giten a course of Lessons in this town on Geography, upoit the Classification System. I have witnessed with great pleasure the ra- j I, and ich BO a time iktjbe reeom* IthOM RD, rgia, to weeks y whoae icquirtd ny other idvance- ««< P Montreal, 19lh Nov., 1841. I lainmenta ; and with the system, by means of which, he transfuse* these attaiiments to others. ROBERT COONEY, British Weskyan Mitnonary. I heartily concur in the opinions expressed above by ReT..Mn Cooney, in respect to the system of teaching practice! by Mr. Sut- ton, and bis qualifications to interest and improve. JOHN P. CONNER, Preq>r. Stanstcad Seminary^ Aug. «, 1841. THE STUDENT'S GUIDE, AKD TEACHER'S TEXT BOOK, BEING A SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY, UPON THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM, , ADAPTED TO THE MOST APPROVED ATLASES NOW IN USE. Stcond Editimy Improved and Enlarged, BY J. PHILPOT SUTTON L«t« Principal of Stillwater Academy, N. Y. now Commercial School of tills City. MONTREALf PRINTSD FOR THE AUTHOR, BY JOHN L 1842, \ iik*i^ >f ■i -\ . PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONS. ts presenting the second Edition of this little work to the pubHc^ the author returns his grateful tclinowledg. i ^nts to thd Ladies and Gentlemen who have so liberally encouraged the introduction of his system both in the United Slates and Canada. The new Edition is designed especially for the ProYJnce, and the Map of Canada annexed, will, be particularly useful to the Canadian student. In issuing the present £diUonj.the author is indebted to C. Mon- delet, Esquire, and. other Gentlemen, for many valuable suggestions and improvements. Wishing to be instrumental in deviling and establishing a more excellent system of Education in lovely^ yet in many respects, 66-- nighted Canada, is the ardent wish of the Author,. J., P. SUTTON. Montreal, January i, 1842;. '■n' PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. The Author of this little work does not think it necessary, in this place, to take much time to recommend: the method of teaching Geography, as here introduced, for thousands of competent judges have gladly testified to its superior utility oii>er the. ordinary method of pursuing this study,.and among the number maybe found men of the greatest literary attainments. The novelty and simplicity of giving instruction in this method, have never -failed (o interest those who have atlcnded~the parent equally with the child— the clergy- man with his pariah — and the Teacher as much as the scholar. The principle of Classification in this work had its origin with J. L. Richmond of New York j it has since received some improve*- ment. One or two similar works have been published,. but in the author's opinion are very imperfect, for example : In studying the Map of North America the branches of the Mississippi River, are entirely omitted, and others annexed of but little or no importance.. But the author is not one of that number who wishes to ruin one party or sect, or recommend one work by overthrowing or destroy- ing another, but is satisfied by leaving the merits of this little work to the decision of a literary and enlightened community ; in the mean time hoping, however, that this may subserve the cause of Geo- graphical Instruction, it is respectfully submitted. J. P. SUTTON. Greenfield, Jan. 2, 1837. DIRECTIONS. The classifications are to be commenced at the Northwes* tern extremity of (he Map, proceeding East, South, West and North, until arriving at the point from whence it was com- menced. Then in the interior until the classification is com- pleie. Commence at first with the boundary of a country, then with the divisions, capitals, population, &c. next the bodies of water, mountains, capes, rivers and islands. Each name should be repeated twice, simultaneously by the whole class, in order that each pupil may hare an oppor- tunity to fix the eye upon the succeeding name. The first lesson should be the Map of North America, next the Map of South America and North America reviewed, thus advancing and reviewing each lesson, until the whole is committed! to memory, which can be accomplished in a very limited time, assisted by outline Maps. The Teacher should spend a part of the time each lesson in asking promiscuous questions. The method here given of describing the Amazon, should be ap- plied to all the largest rivers on the globe : Amazon rises in Columbia, South, and flows East 4,600 miles through Colunv-- bia and Brazil into the Atlantic Ocean. MAP OF NORTH AMERICA. How %» North America bounded ? North by the Arctic Ocean, Eas. by the Atlantic, South by the Carribbean Sea and South America, and West by the Pacific Ocean* ^ • •••••'• • ■ • • • • . ^ 7i o (O 9) 00 00 -^ O ''l tf5 -^ «0 p5 d C< r-t S I- is'*" e H i<3 8 ^ bDCS rS la O o E •^ *■ "^ CO w Ii! S «o^ ce •S3 n ■• A> S ••• '^ ^ '8 X r 10 The principal bodies of water of North America are fihering's Str. Bay of Campeachy Lake Athepescow Arctic Ocean Bay of Honduras Lake Wollaston Winter Harbor Amatique Bay Deer Lake Barrow's Str. Carribbean Sea North Lined Lake Regent's Inlet Lake Nicaragua Dobau nt Lake Admiralty Inlet Pacific Ocean Chesterfield Inlet Navy Board Inlet Lake Chapala Wager Bay Lancaster Sound Gulf California Repulse Bay Jones' Sound Lake Salado Welcome Gulf Smith's Sound Lake Timpanogos Hudson's Bay Whale's Sound Drake's Bay Richmond Gulf Regent's Bay Classett's Sound James Bay fialfin's Bay Portlock Harbor Lake Winnipeg Davis' Strait Ikatak Bay Little Winnipeg Cumberlsnd Str. Admiralty Bay Lake of the Woods Frobisher's Str. Prince Wm's. Sd. Lake Superior Hudson's Str. Kcnaitzian Gulf Green Bay South Bay Seheiekow Lake Lake Michigan Atlantic Ocean G. of Kamptschatka Lake Huron Str. of Belisle Tchougatchean G. Lake Erie G. of St. Lawrence McKenzie's Sea Lake Ontario Bay of Funday Franklin's Sea Lake Nipising Delaware Bay Bathurst Inlet Lake Abbitibbe Chesapeake Bay Cogead Lake Lake St. Johns Gulf of Mexico Great Bear Lake Lake Misstissiny St. Bernard Bay Slave Lake Lake Aschcunipi The principal Mountains of North America are Elias Arctic Highlands Allegany Rocky Icy Peak Cordllcras Mount Horo Raleigh \ 11 The principal Capes of North America are Prince of Wales LIsburn Icy Cape Turnagain Farewell Chidleigh Cape Jones Lewis Whittle The principal McKenzies Coppermine Oungigah Athepescow Beayer North Branch Red Deer Sasicatchawan Asinaboia Churchill Nelson Severn Albany East Main St. Lawrence Ottawa Cape May Cape Riy Sable" Cape Cod Hatteras Cape Fear Canaveral Florida Roxo Antonio Gracias Corientes Lucas Mendocino Oxford Hector Shallowwater Rivers of North America are Mississippi Ohio Tennessee Cumberland Wabash Illinois Wisconsin St. Peters Desmoines Missouri Konzas Arkansas Red River Brazos Colorado Bravo del Norte The principal Islands are Melville Disco James Island South Hampton Newfoundland Cape Breton St. Johns Sable Long Island Bermudas Bahama Isles Porto Rico Puerco Tula SI. Juan. Yopez Grand River Culiacan Hiaqui Gila Colorado Columbia Multnomah Towameheooks Lewis Clark's River North Branch Hayti Cuba Jamaica Nootka Island Queen Charlotte's I. King George's Isle 12 MAP OP SOUTH AMERICA. How is SS>?-ii,.f' &. CO i^^> § § 2 (4 2*3 s 2 0^0 a, .2 .2 ^ •* g g .t: '^ ns a z \ M Jff, E. States, and Capitals, Vermont Montpelier New Hampshire Concord State of Maine Augusta Massachusetts Boston Rhode Island Providence Connecticut Hart'd & N. Hayerf Southern Slates arid Capitats. Western States and Capitals, Middle States and CapUcds^ New York Albany N«w Jersey Trenton Pennsylvania Harrisburgh Delaware Dover Maryland Virginia N. Caiolin^ S. Carolina Georgia Alabama Mississippi iiouisania Anapolis Arkansas Richmond Missouri Raleigh Illinois Columbia Indiana Milledgeville Michigan Tuscaloosa Ohio Jackson Kentucky New Orleans Tennessee Little Rock Jefferson Vandalia Indianapolis Detroit Columbus Frankfort N'ashvilliB The principal bodies of Water of the United States afa Pacific Ocean Whitby's Bay Nootka Sound Gulf of Georgia Way ton Like Lalcc Tunpanogos Spirit Laite Turtle Lake Red Lake L. of the Woods Rainy Lake Lake Superior Green Bay Lake Michigan Str. of Mackinaw Lake Huron Siginaw Bay Lake St. Clair Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake G?orge Lake Champlain Bay of Funday Atlantic Ocean Delaware B?^ ♦Chesapeake Bay Albr'emarle Sound Pamlico Sound Jupiter's Inlet Gulf of Florida Chatham B^^ Gulf of Mexico Charlotte Harbor Lake Macaco Lake Simons Tampa Bay Penobscot Bay Massachusetts B. Long Island Sound Apal'achee Bay Little Egg Harbor Lake Ponchartrain Great Travefs Bay Great Egg Harbor Lake Maurepas The principal Mountains of the United States are Baker _ Green Mountains Ozark Mount Hood* White Mountains Jame's Peak Jefferson Allegany Long's Peak Kocky Blue Ridge Blackhills Cumberland The principal Capes of the United States are Oxford Gregory Perpetual Fowl weather Lookout Disappointment Flattery Cape Ann Cape Cod Malabar Montauk Sandy Hook Cape May Henlopen Cape Charles Henry Hatteras Lookout .^ Ciqpe Peat CanaTsral The pHnqipal Columbia Mnltnomiaih Lewis TSotih Branch Clark's River Fox Hiver St. Joseph's Grand River Maume Saadiisky Oswego Black River St. Lawrence St. John's St. Croix Penobscot Krnnebec Androscoggin Saco Merrimack Connecticut Hudson Mohawk Delaware Susquehanna Potojnac Rappahannoc York River James River Chowan Roanoke Pamlico Florida Sable 'RoifianO St. Bias Rivers of the United States are Neuse Hiver Cape Fear Little Pedee Great Pedee Santee Edisto Cambahee Savannah Oi^echee Ahamaba Oconee Oakmulgee Satilla St. Mary's St. John's Suwanee Appalacicola Flint River Mobile Talapoosa Alabama Black Warrior Tombigbee Pascagoula Pearl River Mississippi Black River Yazo Ohio Tennessee Cumberland Green River Kentucky Lidcing Big Sandy Great Kenhawa Little Kenhawa Monongahela Allegany Muskingum Sciota jVliami Wabash White Water Tippecanoe Kaskaskia Illinois Rock River Wisconsin Black River Chippeway Coppermine St. Croix Rum River St. Peters Desmoines Missouii Konzas Arkansas Red River. Wachitta Sabine .1-1 n-: • . • . • • .i?"!«l^t;; .<:«;!;-■ ')*■■! .^a .^* t mut^^ "i •.■iYiii',.-* : ; ;m i^'/i.- q *6 ra 8 S o ' zr >e o o '*3 '•»4i<:v. .1 :ny^ (A M .i,.i ^1.. it ill •1 i?>r-^ff*;'"/ ;} Ir fi ^<5V <, : -5vir' The principal bodies of Water of Canada are Lake Mippissing Lake Clair Lake Chaudiere Turtle Lakes Lake des Alluniet LakePapineaa Front Lakes Lake des Chats Lake Edward 24 Lake St. Joseph Lake St. Peters Lake St. Francis Hereford Lake Lake Tom<%fobo Magog Lake Lake Champlain Lake. St. Louis Lake St. Fraaeis Rideau Lake Mississippi Lake Shemong Lake Simcoe Lake Burlington Bay The principal Mountains of Canada 1 chain on the north side of the St. Yamaska Beloeil The principal Rivers of Canada are French River Ottawa Pettawawa Maskrat Bonchere Madawaska Mississippi Rideau South Motion Fort Colongne Gotteneau Aux Lierres Blanche River Rouge River Riviere du Nord St. Lawrence L'Assumption Machiche. St. Maurice Jacques Cartier Saguenay Richelieu Yamaska St. Francis The principal Islands are Black River I. Isle Jesus Calumet I. Orleans I. Goose I. Montreal I* St. Helen's I. Ferrotl. Grand I. Thousand Is. Lake St. Clair Georgian 'Bay Notawa&sago Bay Owen Sound Colpoy's Bay Lake Merscagv are Lawrence. Rouge Montague Becancour Chaudier Tomifobo Magog Trent Otanabee Brown Humber Credit Wellord Grand River Thames Wolf I. Prince Edward I. Great Manatoulin I. fUt)! 'V.) 1 fttm ! U JTf i)^ rji-;J N <^<:- fi'V n The principal bodies of water of M\^ are Sea of Kara Biae Sea Dead Sea China Sea Sea of Obi Arctic Ocean Bhering's Str. Pacific Ocean Sea of Anadyr Sea of Jesso Sea of Okhotsk Penjttnsk :6alf Chan.ofTartary Str. of: Sangar Sea of Corea Str. of Corea Yellow Sea Gulfof Tonquin Galfef Siam Sea of Celebei Illano Bay Tominee Bay Str. of Malacca Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal Golf of Cambay Gulf ofGntch Gulfof Ormus Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Sea o{ A?,o{ Caspiau Sea Sea of Aral Lake Paleati Lake Loknor Lake Sazanor Lake Altan Lak« Tehany Lake Baikal Lake Poyai^ Lake Tootin Pecsian Gulf Str.of Babelnandel Lake Terkiri Red Sea Lake Durra The principal Mountains of Asia are Ural Alak Sinai Stanj&avoi Belur Tag Ararat Little Altay Himaleh Cauoassian Great Altay Gauts Mts, The principal Capes of Asia are Vienodnoi Fadeya Negrais CeveroTOstochnoi Pachachinskoi Commocin Cambodia Kosalgal Romania Kanseli Sviatol Tcbalaginskoi East Cape The principal. Rivers of Asia are Obi Yenisei; Piacini: Khatnnga Anabara Olensk I^ena Y«aa Indigherka Anadyr Ambor HoaCii^o Yangste Kiang Hoan Kiang Cambodia Irrawadda Keiipon Berampooter- Ganges Godavery Cl^isna. N^ibudda t!b0 principal Islancs of Asia are {icii^azemhla Kiusin ^eghalien ijfisso r, jhon - Loocoq Formosa u.> d'n r: a.:" Indus Heltnund Euphrates rigris Tedzen Gihon SihoH : Tarus ' Sarasoo Mindinio! Polawan Guilolo " New Guinet^ ^'JT. C f:-. ,,t 18 Celebes Sumatta Ceylon Borneo Andaman Socotra Java MAP OF AFRICA. Although this country has been known for 3,000 yearR, yet the greater part of its geography is still involved in doubt and obscurity^ aad seems to be the most uninteresting portion of the globe* Having no laigerivers iii the interior, and being- inhabited by tribes of sayagesand abounding with ferocious-wild beasts, it seems that Africa is^the last country to be explored and receive the benefits of civilized life. How ts Afrka hounded ? North by the Mediterranean Sea, Bast by the Hed Sea and Indian Ocean^ South by the Antarctic, and West by the Atlantic Ocean. ^ • en ^ • • • v^ • . « » 3 M * fe t -S- s 8 o r s o 8 '« CO CO SI •? o W "S .5 «« Q (9 .S-§ S.5 g-3 2. I- is a<3 II o e a JJ S .9 ,2 JS S o * 3 .S 19 rears, yet in doubt ig portion inhabited i Id beasts, ilored and Red Sea !St by the W >©» ^'* > S - a • * S • , 2.§-g ? ft « f . J a - « S =i.S< soSSo 50Pgg •* 5 P'S."* S The principal bodies of Water of Africa are Str. of Gibraltar Algoa Bay Mediterranean Antarctic Qcean Gulf of Sidra Atlactic Ocean Red Sea St. Helena Bay St. of Babeimandel Fish Bay Indian Ocean Gulf of Guinea. Mozambiqe Chan. Gulf of Biafra Lagoa Bay The principal Mountains of Africa are Atlas Moon Mountain Kong Taoglodytic Lupata ;.//'.'. The principal Capes of Africa, are GulfofBenin^ Lake Dibbi Lake Loodeah Lake Tchad Lake Dembeah Lake MoravL Aquilonda Serra Gardafui Bedouin Bassus Dalgado 'Ai' Good Hope Serra Frio Lado r. Coast Castle Three Points J>i. Corientes Aguilas The principal Rivers of Africa are Nile ,. Orange Hawash :. Yellow ^ Zambeze Bambaroque Esprit Coanza Zak :f^V?TlA Congo> :1¥ I 1 'V'. /< t -■ U. .VI Jk • i;v-> :n m ■^f .'It l;K ii'T , 'If f * \* f% - . 'ii ■^, " .■ -' i ,7i >^r POPULAXibN OF ISLAJ^S, &c. ' ^ "^^ OCEANACA. Sumatra, 4,000,000 Java, 4,000,000 Borneo, 3,000,000 Pfnllippine Island, . . 2,500,000 Celebes . . . . . . 1,000,000 Spice Islands, .... 450,000 Timor, &q*&c. . . . ^,000 MM ^< 15,450,000 ^ ^Q»< 20 AUSTRALASIA. llotany Bay, &C., ) Van Pieman's Land, . 35,000 New i^ealand, » . . . 600,000 ^ewPuinea, ) ^ ^ - ^^ Kew Britain, &c. ) * New Holland, ) ^ ^^^^^ New Caledonia, S 1,900,000 POLYNESIA. Sandwich Islandsji . . .150,000 Ladrone '.",», . . 10,000 Caroline, ...... 80,000 Central Archipelago, . . 30,000 Washington, Maquises, &c. 15,000 Society & Georgian Islands, 20,000 Cooks, Astral, &c. . . . 27,000 Navigators, . . . . . 60,000 -Navon, &c. &c Q,000 Feejee, . . . . i . . 100,000 Heraaining Islands, .' ;' . 40,000 • 650,000 ' Population of the Globe, . . . , 875,750,000 MAP OF UNITED STATES. How are the United States bounded? North by Rbssian and Biitish America, East by the Atlan- tic Ocean, South by the Gulf of JVtexico and Mexico, Wesjk by the Pacific Ocein. UNITED STATES IN DETAIL. Population 17,000,^000; Square Miles. 20,000,000. P<^ulation. iLaU Lon, Capital-Washington 24,000 43 67 N. 77 W. Chief Town;»T-N«;w York 300,000 43 N. 73 30 W. Philadelphia 275,000 40 N. 75 W. Baltimore 100,000 39 I^f. 76 20W. Boston 100,000 42 22 N. 70 53 W. New Orleans 106,(K)d 30 N. 89 30W. Ch^rieston 40,000 32 42 N. 79 46 W. Albany 36,000 42 30'N. 73 30 W. Trdy 20,000 42 36 E. 73 30 W. tTtica 13,000 43 N. 75 28W. Kochester 21,000 43 30N. 78 W. 13 The principal bodies of Water of Sonth America are Gulf of Darien St. Matthia's Bay Ba^ of Panama Oarribbean Sea St. Georges' Bay Sir. of Magellan Antarctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Gulfof Pena .Seaof€hoBos KJulf of Venezuela Lake Maricabo Atlantic Ocean Bay of All Saints Lake Delospalos Anegada Bay Lake Ipava Lake Caviaba Lake Titicaca Lake Xayres Salt Lake Colugnape ... The principal Mountains of South America are Chimborazo Cotopaxi Andes Esmeraldes Tumucuraque Sierra Martha Itiababa Geral The principal Capes of South America lire : Vela Antorfio Cape Horn Orange Corientes St. Lucia. North Cape Blanco Blanco St. Roque Desvolos St. Francisco Frio Barreras Corientes Maria St. Jnes The Principal Rivers of South America are ., -H Madaleaa Pornaiba Paragua ; Orinoco i • ' ' Salgado Saladille .1. Demarara St. Francisco Willows Amazon De la lata Colorrado Tacantines Uraguay Camarones Guzappy Parana Port Desire Itapicura The Principal Islands of South America are Trinidad : - Aurora Chiloe Joannes Falkland Isles Juanfernandes Martinyas Terradelfuego Massafuero Saxenburg fitaftnland St.FeUx - Georgia " r! s Campana ' 'r "is. c» MAP OP EUROPE. ; How is Europe boundei'i North by the Arctic Ocean, East by Asia> South by the Mediterranean Sea, West by tiie Atlantic Ocean. What it th» pepuiaiionl B iCf r.. ?*S^SS ?i c? '^^ oi c< «5 o 's^ CO 55 ;§.**' t> lti»r> t.5fii,a :ii' s5 ■ » ft 73U • Uii. HI"- (3 o Q. O ys cTo^o 2 <* Q ^ ^ 2 cTS Q »« ' * — ^ — Q J ftnX w iil't ul '¥^ ■ ■ .'■;. Lake Ladoga Lake Onega White Sea Arctic Ocean Caspian Sea Sea of Azof ^ Black Sea ,.^ « Str. of Bosplid^ Sea of Marmor% Dardanells ' ^ Archipelago Mediterranean Str. of Otranlo Gulf of Venice Gulf ftf Toronto Str. 'of Mesina Str. of Bonefacio Gulf of Genoa Gulf of Lyons Str. of GiOralter Atlantic Ocean Bay of Biscay The principal Motn(ains of Europe Hecla T|tuvius Dofrafield Mni Olonetz Sierra Morcna Ural Telledo Hacmus Cantabrian Appenines Pyrenees The principal Capps around Europe North Cape Vicent Mattapan Finistere Spartivento Ortegal Trafalgar La liogue The principal Rivers of Europe are English Channel Str. of Dover Bristol Chanrttl St. George's Ghran. Irish Sea North Channel Murray Firth Firth of Forth Zuyder Zee Lake Constance Geneva are Cevcnnes Swiss Alps Erzegeberg Carpathian Glomma Dahl Tome a Aunis Onega Dwina JVlezeno Petchora Ousa Ural Volga Don River Donee Dnieper Bo2f River Dniester Danube Pr nth River Drave River Save River Po River Tiber Rhone River E^)ro Guadelqutror Guadiana Tagus Ducro The principal Islands of Europe aie Iceland Faroe Shetland Orkney Luflfodcn Cyprus Hnodcs K .ft* Candia" Malta Sicily Sardinia Corsica Elba Minorca are. Lands End Cape Clear The Naze Mtnho Garonne Loire River Seine River Shannon Severn Thames Rivet Rhine River Elbe River Oder Vistula Nip man Duna Majorca • Ivica J Isle fl< Wight Isle of Man Western Isles 16 MAP OF ASU. Jiwto is AsUthimnded f North by the Arttic Ocean, East by the Pacific, South by the Indian Ocean, West by the Mediterranean and Slack Seas and Europe. to CO A M o rt kO "0. s o a 3*- 2 S «• s® 2r ^ — 1 5K t* .2 C! r-i:'^5> Ai C< ^ »-♦• i i S ce ^ e q ' 1^ s « «• tt «A M <« S sja (o u o sq ^ tfi <; H q;> »^ p4 »n --^k* hbr Hack pjn^; / .