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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 32 X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 A COMPANION AND GUIDE Ik FOR DEAF-MUTES. BY THOMAS WIDD, PRIKCIPAI.JOK TIIK PnOTFSTANT INSTITUTION V0& Dka^-MuTKM MoMKEAL, Canada. k«> MONTREAL: PRIMED AND Fl DLIMIKD AT TIIK I'ROTI-ibTANT INSTITUTION FOR DKAF-MUTES, 1S74. •^» I 4^ Entered iwjoor.ling to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year 1874, by THOMAS WIDD, in the Office of the Minister of AKricultiiro. Ottawa. ■♦■ oTai"'™'^ rssfr"""'"'"' ^ fi ^* PREFACE. sar of ^V^ 0' ' i This little volume has been written and printed with the hope that it may be the means of doing good to those for whom it is intended. The Author (himself a deaf-mute), like many others of his class, felt the want of such a guide through life when he left school. The principles which it contains had to be learned in the " School of Experience," and the acquirement of which took many years. No singles book, so fiir as the Author is aware, contains so much useful information and sound advice to deaf-mutes, in language sufficiently simple for their comprehension, as is found in this little volume. Most deaf-mutes have not a sufficient command of the English languago to enable them to peruse with advantage the numerous excellent works in general circulation, when they are sent forth into the world to earn their own livelihood. -r rejaee. "^^^^m ""Sides this th iy^-mon amo„r,J'' ""'"^'-'unately, ^n' '"■• *'»«'". The Writ r^'P'^'^'^^ written «"«<""affe the i" ^ .^''*^^ ""^ ""tend to , '"'" *"• to place in 2 I ' ^"' '^'^ ehiej ' "^ '''--..'% re, b^,;r\°^ 2 T'"''^' ^-^ «how the"' "^^^'^"^ ''«»d book ''•^ «"""..ct them«ei,.e« tlr ►."'^ *^'^ ^''°"''' f o creatnre.. with /^"f , *' "^ ----o" 1 *" '- '-PPy h..e and™:X-"^«. '■" -^- This puhlicafin,, ^ ''•'happytoreeeivea.v * ^'''^"'' """"id "^ <^o-operatio„ i^om T f 'r^8"'^^«""«. advice " their welfare, i„ ^^^e^y, an oi* thejn published ^ bearing y Written ntend to by the ^ to do ^"s chief f-mutes d hook should 'eason- order ^ever, I be ards ou]d nee, lies in Prefi ace. I ¥ future editions, should such be called for. Ujily a limited number of copies of the present edition has been issued, and the pages are not stereotyped. Although the Writer would be happy to see this little book in the hands of every 'deaf-mute able to read it, he does not anticipate any pecuniary advantage by its sale. The cost of printing and binding for})id it. Should it, however, meet with such favor at the hands of Principnis and Teachers of deaf-mutes, by givino- a eopv to each pupil leaving school, as a parting gift, or to advanced pupils as a prize, much good might be accomplished, aii.l u larger and more complete edition might be issued. There would then probably be a margin of profit, which would o-o to- wards the support of the Montreal Pro- testant Institution for Deaf-mules. T A\ Montreal, March 28th, 1874. I 'TABLE OF CONTENTS^ /' PREFACK .. TABLE OF co.vTBXTs";;;; ^f;*"- WORAL GuiDAHCe- ' ' •• yU Ss:'«aii,p^,— ^ y^mperance 2 •^ «na Passion ,8 Jv&tfe---... , B^itr"''"™^ •■•■■■••.•.•: ••••■•■• ? Lwra to Porsevero f Kindness and-R^-i:;;;.... .::::;:::;;;:;; /^ FwBNnsHiP, M^R^ 15 friendship "* R«Woiojf ; Tem,)oral Hkppine;; Tin . T* . n 1 24 25 ♦*' VI ft' Table of Cantefits, vu. Paoh. II". vi. I 2 4 17 18 19 II V »«> I Poetry: ''*^'''- A Prayer for Wisdom 27 Don't Sun in Debt 37 Pkrsonal Matters : Sleep 29 Cleanliness 30 Clothing . 31 Lotlging ....,!.... 32 Housekeeping 33 Exercise , * 34 Walking and Driving 34 Laws and Taxes 35 Industrial Matters : We must all Work 39 Lubor and Value 40 Savings' Banks and Bdildinq SociBTiEa : What may be done ? 42 How a D.af-mute became Independent 43 Alfred Wilson, Tailor '..'.'.'.'. 44 John Brown, Shoemaker 47 An Appeal to Deaf-mutes 50 About Strikes. .." * ..... .. .. . . . '. 62 Punctuation : How to Punctuate 53 Abbreviations, Foreign Words an. 'Phrases: Abbreviations in Common Use 56 French Words and Phrases in Common Use 59 — L... vY - rae ami ^ urates ib vommon vse (iO Commerce : ' Mercantile Termp q3 yiu. T^able of Contenh. t'sKKLL Tables : ^•■- -imal Curroiicy "'-toco„.ertDonar.f„to Cents " ,;;;''"" I>«cimal Money "'' ' ^;'J Canadian Onrreuoy - • ^ '^-^^. or Sterling 3[o„ov ." - • •* '"to^l State. Monov AvoirUupoi.MVeight".. '^ '• ^<"'«re or Land Pleasure. ' - ' Cubic or Solid, and Cloff, If ' ,^- -u Liquid ^Lte;'"""^^- •• '^""c Pleasure ^'iscellaneous Tables' «ook.s Trades ; Trades boat suited W,i««r "7'»Kee,,a.Su;a~'""'- ■ •• A tew Wor J^ nf u' PAOf 68 68 m ■ m ' 70 71 71 71 72 72 73 73 73 74 78 73 »« PaOi A COMPANION AND GUIDE 68 m 63 FOR DEAF-MUTES. •• 69 •■ GO "70 • 71 • 71 ■ 71 72 72 73 73 73 74 78 73 ! "All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them, for this is the law and th^ prophets."— .Tesus op the Mount. DUTY TO PARENTS. Your chief duty is to fear God, and to love and obey your parents. God made you, and you should fear him. Your parents brought you up and loved and cared for you, and it would be very unkind and wrong if you did not do your duty to them as God tells vou When you obey your parents you are obev- ing God. Your parents will have to answer o God for what th^y tell you to do, and for the care they take of your health and education. They gave you food and clothes and looked after you when vou were sick God IS wise m making a law "for children to honour their parents, and he promises to bless those who keep his laws. You cannot 2 A Companwn for Denf-viHipn. do well Mild be happy in this world if you do not love and olx^y ydnr pmvnts. They Will bo your piircoits kill when you are fvdW-llT :?'^- ^X ^>^<-oniea,ovd,andyou Will still ))e their child. It is a y(>ry Q-ood thino- to loyo home It IS one of the first yirtues to do so. It helps to m:ke one hap])y-more so than riclnss and education. Ihere i.s no loyolier siohj in the world than a i'aniily whose ruh> is' "lU- love serye one another/' in all thinos.' Such a tamiiy are happy, nnd their home tastes of the neaven aboye. INTELLECTUAL, IMPROVEMENT Many thousands of deaf-mutes, and many miJlicns ot hcMirino' people, come into and <.o out ol existenc(> cyery year i-noraid of themselyes and of the world they haye liyed 111. Ihere are many other who, at twcMity years ol age, when thc^y should hv lit for tmsiuess, know little or nothino' of it. Deaf-mutes, like other pt-oplc*, .should take pains to improv. their minds by readin- and study when n.<.x. lonvf^ ^rK--! 'VU ' .; :".■•.' na^e .'^cnuui. ihn rules are lew, plain and ])raetical. A few oood books and a dictionary, with pers(>yer/nice m 1 I Intellectual Lnprovement. and industry, are all that is necpssary to bedn with. " Little by little," should be their rule, and what little they read they should study well. The poor deaf-mute who can only express his ideas by signs is to be pitied ; but those who have learned to read and write simple sentences at school, have o])tained the key to tho treasures ol knowledge. 1 .»y should use this key to improve thi^mselves. If they iind it hard work, and are disappointed, they should try, try, try again. The "hard work*" will soon become a pleasure, and the mind will gradually improve. Persevere, and a taste for reading will be forminl, and deaf- mutes will Iind that their pleasantest compa- nion is a good, useful book. We often read in book?, and newsi)apers of poor uneducated young men and voung women having risen, })y their industry and persev(»ranc(\ Irom i)ov(M-ty and rags to* high places in })usiii(\ss, and })ecoming great men and women. Then^ are many liigh positions open to deaf-mutes, as well nslo hearmg and speaking people. Why shonld not deaf-mutes try to obtain ^olr — — , — .. . — ... ...,., ,, _ ,,11X1 !~j.--v cirv, ing people, having become famous by their own industry in business or learning. We have all read about the noble Clerc and Dr. Habits. like to bits of I great school, eadiiig power once a asy to unctu- cleaii- nd of place. to you your should abit of )les of r their . We id Dr. Kitto, who are no longer with us. We have now many deaf-mute lawyers, artists, clerks, teachers, &c., who have risen from the school- room to high places in their profession. Many years ago there was a poor boy in Scotland, whose parents could not afford to send fjim to school, or keep him idle at home. When very young, he was sent to a cotton mill in Glasgow to work from morning till night to earn his bread, lie felt very un- happy because he ccnild not obtain know- ledge. He acquired the habit of going to evening classes or a night school to learn. He next attended school all winter, and worked in summer. He soon made his way to college; and being very persevering, he was successful, and studied medicine and theology. In 1840 he was sent out to Africa, as a missionary. Now, that poor boy who worked in a cotton mill for a living was no other than Dr. Livingstone, the great African traveller, whose fame is known all over the world. m Hi A Comjmnion for Deaf-inutes, BUSINESS. DEAF-MUTE JOURNEYMAN. If you are a servant or a journeyman in anybusniess, do your work honestly and carefully ; and when that is done, do not refuse to help your fellow workmen. They will remember your kindness, and may help you in thei» turn. If you want to be a good workman you must be true, and you cannot be true if you defr nid your employer. Masters are defrauded in many ways, as in time, care, pains, money, trust. A bad workman comes to work late ; lie does not take care of his employer's property ; he does not take ikuhs to do his work well ; he takes money for time he has not l)een working', jind commits breach of trust in telling ih^^ business secrets of his employer to others. Such a workman is ofte)i out of employment, lie is the first to be discharged when trade becomes slack. It is different with a good workman. He is diligent, careful and punctual, ile tells no tales ; reveals no secrets ; fears no labor ; is not to be tempted by gain or awed by fear to unfaithfulness. A good workman is also Deaf-mute Masfrr. riau in ly and do not They ly help a ^ood cannot Vlasters e, care, comes ol' his e pa inn iiey lor ommits usiness Snch a He is ecomes He is ells no bor ; is )y fear is also a i^'ood servant, and he, stn'ves God in serving his emx^loyer t'aithinlly. There are good and bad workmen among deal-mutes. I know many good deal-mute workmen who have been highly praised by their masters lor their honesty, industry and excellent work. Some have been taken into partnership, or made foremen over hearing and speaking workmen. But the deaf-mute who is a bad workman is very unfortunate. He has m;ide his chnnces to get work more remote l)y his bad workmanship. It is hard enough ior him to get employment at all because of his deafness, but it becomes worse when his character is lost. DEAF-MUTE MASTER. If you are a master in business and employ workmen, mix kindness with your authority. H' your workman or servant is found fault I with, try to convince him of his error, rather than be angry with him ; and if he is sensible of his fault, forgive him. Hearing and speak- inrv iifiiic^^iivtj >.\vii nCfoii A'"i»w Irinrl to fliMil'-mnfol workmen, who have more drawbacks than other workmen ; and it is but just that! deaf-mute employers should use the samel /* ^ {k ^ A Compnnion. for Deaf mutes. Txr 11 u '^^^^^S AND HAZARD. ■ TiT.th uyver resorts to tvinl-v 'r ^ a trick to hide at ,1 ^ '^ !»•'*'=*■'=« worse "VW mnt t l ' ""'^ '"'^'^'?« i* rifl-htlv tV ■ ",'"*' '■"'■'' to do thiiiffK not o .Jv their r'"" ''•^^''"d gamble hazard There I *. "°"f ^ ''"* *eir character nm^^V V^V"'"'^ deaf-mutes who o.amhle nei^v flw"^' "'■ """"^^^ '^"'d« ; •'"* they a : thel • hI!^"^"* r"' vagabonds, wlio spend :nd\rmerortLrs^mtEf:fSr shunned by all respectable peoj.l *^'' BEARING, m.?''"^- r^"- ^'^ "' ^^ situation, or beconio . aftronts ii' y„u lov^i' ^-ou^o^;',; ZIT T'l mutes are easily mac^e angr^rth^eTdeatt Justice and Honest y. 9 peaking hing- to voided, . You cannot it be MO >ractice ikes it things ^lazard, iracter. gamble ley are spend ialoons ociety, ^nie a many Deaf. ifness has a tendency to make them suspicious and irritable. They often pretend to see more than they really do, and some of them are too ready to seize their tools to attack other men when spoken to. Such deaf-mutes have vindictive tempers ; they not only make themsejves uneasy and unhappy, but those who work with them. It is a great point for you to control your temper when any dispute takes place. Never get angry, for when you do liet angry you are sure to do things wrongly, and you will be blamed. If you are annoyed or offended by the conduct of any one, take time to think before you speak. JUSTICE AND HONESTY. To be just and honest in our dealings is a Q-reat thins?. A man who has a character for justice and honesty will be respected and trusted. Many only pretend to be honest, or are obliged to be so by fear of punish nlent. They will try to get what they can without being detected, and they do not care whether it be honestly or dishonestly obtained. They try to make unjust proKts by dealing with ignorant people. This injustice and dishonesty is practiced by both hearing and speaking people and deaf-mutes. It is very wicked, 10 A Companion for Denf-mnfes. \ i (. i per in it. ,So,ne v,-. v^ ., /'"«■»''««. a.iid pros- : «lnuig-er, but told me th/t h„ t , ?'' "'"^ " i boon in (he sentlem l ^" *•''" '^''af-mute l,art i f'«t a« an office-bov at twi vi^'""'"' i week, and ri,sino- till >,> k "hiUinars a 1'ho ffontleman terth ; tld ?'""' 'r'™^'"- stopped, that thisde rm . T "' ^^'^ '^'"" •-^oon be hi« partne. (b h f >''."■"' "'""'^^ good workma. u, i ?, / *,"',""' '»™ *» I'*' a a.'alina-s Is ; wuV '""^ '"""'■^■' "' all hi« remau. le train would to be a all his ent Lov ' it be 3o not ut try ' deai- raiice. thiny, iod to 'ifield idred blades for the Manchester Indnstrial Exhibi- tion, but he met with a lew diificulties when he had half finished the work, and gave it up. An uneducated deaf-mute cutler, who saw the progress of the novel work, tried at home during his spare hours to do what his hearing fellow- workman had attempted. It took him a long time, and he was often on the point of giving it up ; but he had learned to persevere, and he tried again and again till he succeeded. The w^ork was finished, and he carried off the prize. This taught the tirst workman a good lesson, and he tried his hands and skill again, resolved not to be beaten by a deaf-mute. He succeeded, at last, in making a better article than the one that took' the prize, but it was too late, the deaf-mute had won. Perseverance is of the greatest importance to deaf-mutes to acquire a knowledge of| language. If they do not persevere tliey will certainly fail. Do not be ashamed to begin with the smallest book of one or two syllables,! if you do not understand the language in other books. When you have learned to read and| understand one book, read it through and think over it, before beghnnng with another. G-o on, step by step, from book to book. When you have finished one book or part oi 4 Hi! Mi!' ii II il 12 A Companion for Deaf-mules. cont^nk h '^''^.f "«^ yo« understand of its contents, by writing your ideas, or an essay on what you have read, and ask some of your mteUigent inends to review it. If von persevere in this plan you will find grea^ pk-asure in it, and it will enable you to read and understand with much ease. In business, perseverance is the steppinn- stone to success. No man can succeed in any trade or proiession who has not the persever- ance and patience to learn all he can about his calling. Railways, telegraphs, steamsWps • inH,!?^""*^"^^"' inventions, a're the result 01 industry and perseverance. If these qualities are necessary to hearing and speaking men of busines.s in order to success they are much more so to deaf-mutes. " bim "^rr T" .eaf mutes. iUwTe^pe'et. ^°°''"" '" " ">'*" *»>«* ^^ A bad rich man is a plague and should be avoided God is no respecter of persol but he will reward every good work Your parents and teachers should always be treated r 1 \. '',!• T^ '■'^'P^'^*' '■'"■ yo" °W" them a aebt which you can never repay. \\ ?5. that you d should persons, \. Your )e treated ^e them Te7nperance. MORAL GUIDANCE. 17 TEMPERANCE. Many people seem to think that they came into the world to eat and drink, and forget that they eat to live. Have wholesome, but not costly, iood. Drink only when you are thirsty. The most common ' Iood and drink are the best lor thv health. All excess, or eatinn- and drinkino' too much, js bad for the health; but drunkenjicss does the most harm. It nuikes a man worse than a beast. Before strong- drink came into use there were few i)eopie in ])ri.sons and mad-houses. Doctors had little business, and policemen were not so much needed. A druuken man is always poor. No one will trust him or employ him. It is very sad to see a man deal; duml) and drunk! yet there are many deaf-mut<» u'luttons and deaf-mute drunkards on both sides of the Atlantic. Th« are s honn . very wretched and their company is very disairreeable U 18 A Companion for Deaf-mutes. Happy IS the man wlio has learned to be temperate m all thino-s ! He is temperate in apparel, temperate in iood, temperate in drinkmir. He uses (lod'.s good thin-s in a proper manner, and the result is ffood health, happiness and prosperity in business. Many workmen have lost ^ood situations by drunkenness. They hrino- dis-race on their lamilies and friends, and live in povertv and wretchedness. When a man takes to (irink, he beo-ms his downward course He becomes idle, dishonest, <'areless, and ' often eiids his days in the prison or the poorhouse His children are worse than orphans while He lives, and o-o about hu.icrrv, shoeless, and olad in rai^s. ^ ' PATIENCE AND CAUTION. PatieN(^K \h a virtue everywhere The patient man learns his business well,' and it is always well done. Jn sickness, as well as in health, i)atienc(^ is always a great thiim- in all men. Tlie impatient man makes many mistnkes. IL^. is always in a hurry He does not wait to ascertain the truth, but j„-.-^..^ rdoni^^, and ms judgmeja is oiten unjust. Patience loads us to caution. Both are ?5. ed to be )erate in erate in lings in is good )usiness. tuations raco on poverty takes to S(\ lie :d often )rhouse. IS while pss, and Jealousy and Passion. 19 \ The , and it well as ling in ! many y. He ;h, but i often useful in every stage of life. We should take care not to despise what we do not understand, and be willing to be informed. JEALOUSY AND PASSION. A JEALOUS and passionate num makes him- self most unhappy. To be jealous is to be i( olish, and passion is a sort of l*ever in the njind which leaves us weaker and deprives us of our .judgment. A jealous man is a trouble to everybody and a torment to him- self. He thinks eveybodv intends to do him harm or cheat him. Ke has generally a l)ad temp(M', and nothing is safe with him. People shun jealous and passionate men. Never think you have b«»en wronged till vou are (juite sure of it. A few years ago a gentleman was murder- ed in the State of New York by a jealous and passionate deaf-mute. Many other in- stances might be mentioned to' show the danger of yielding to jealousv and passion. th are -liir 20 A Companion for Beafmute^. FKIENDSHIP, MARRIAGE AND RELIGrON. |l ! ll\ \ FRIENDSHIP. I True friendship is a great pleasure which with care may con tin ue^th rough life 1 true ^^xZL u'"'"'^ 1 "^ prosperity and in aavrsity. U you have a true friend von should be true to hini also, and do vour hZ to contmue the friendshin 1)^? ?u ^ xou ", ; ' -r^'" "'"^ Pnii.xe you when >ou (Km ,.v ,. It. W h,.,i you chooM. a niond must havH !i irood ,.lii,r..,.t..,. ",l""°"- "«' - "1 ...■.>:,-.t,i„UN lil nis Ujij)ils. U vour hiottmr 'S. Temporal Happiness. 21 [AGE \ which A true ly. He and ill kI, you ur best e angry ves vou proud !)eoome can be r iaultis iViend 1 when i'j'iond, 1. He ip<*rate •rother preier TEMPORAL HAPPINESS. You should not seek to be rich, but happy. Kiches are tied up in bags or locked up in iron boxes ; but happiness lies in content. Do good with what you have, or it will do you no good. Riches cannot give content. If you have money enough to buy what is sufficient lor your present wants, be thankl'ul and you' will be happier than the greedy man with his millions of dollars. The rich are often made unhappy by their riches. They do not know wheif they have got enough, and few know how to employ their wealth. Do not pjirt lightly with what you have worked hard to obtain. Save what you can spare out of your income for sickness and old age, but do not hoard it like a miser, who hides every penny he can get. There are lew deal-mutes who have great wealth, and I have readolonly one deaf-mute who became a real miser. Deaf-mutes are hberal and kind to one another, as a general rule, and where content among them prevails, temporal hajipiness reigns. I have met with oiiiV one (ical'iiiutc nmunii' tli<* hundreds with whom 1 am acquainted, who was iinhapp\ and tired of his life, because he was not very rich. He had more than was sulficient tor / i t 22 A Companion for Deaf-mnf.,, lili ill w ■,tr i I. \ "f work. .nd\va" ut ^ '7""- plentv ^«d good he'ihh IHa ^^^^^^ut moiiPv Ho kn^^w no. attl^ ^' ^y-»'«"="''o ^oie, and ^appy. jj, ^:. ^^t iie was most un. "•^ '« vet alive, hm ' fer ' ."/'f '/ ^"'■"•'^de,!. 'h.n8« God ha.s ^iv,!,, l^;;!*-"* "'•«» the ,.„., The great object in n„v ); J^''«e and the iff„„r„-,/'l;'»''h and poor, the ^nmble, are c<>nti uX ,e . ^'""' ""-^ ^J^" return. There is ,n " ?""«' "«' ""-er to "f "-^'''ctint-'o ;'^t3T '"">■ ^''"» thi; uncertain pleasures o f th f '''•^PP""'*'« ^"r the do ffood ^ith wh at thev h'"""'^-.. ^" '^'^''"W have to i^ive an account L/h'"-'' '"'' '''^J' "''" *" the Great .Tudg^rthe^it' nf;"'''-'^^'''^ MARRIAGE. J'EAF-aiutes wh n I*"'! prefer the perso! uT'' •'''""''' ''- wise, beiore beautv, h „i '";" ;"'""\v, virtue then they willu,,!^,, r' "■'"■■'■ "^" ''"-Iv, eoinpaiiin,, .,.,,," ""'inselve.s to a r>-;,.,.,i •.. ^-'•y ^^r iove, but t'^CyrL-'S^i A i Is. plenty >noy. Ho ^ome, and most un- iboJishJy icceed(-fl. t? he h;js he o'ood i(i be to poor, the and the lever to an that for thi^ «hoaid ey will irdship Marriage. 23 p wisf, virtue body, Nliart' nbleis. what A i is lovely. If love does not form your chief aim in marriage you wdll soon become tired of married life. If you marry for love your happiness will increase with the years of your married life. But if it be for money, the happiness is short lived. It ends when the money is spent. If it be for beauty only, remember that " beauty is but skin deep." Between a man and his wife nothing ouii'ht to rule but loA^e, Love ought to bring them together, and love will keep them well together. A man should consider his wife as part of himself, not as a servant. There is a strong tendency in deaf-mutes to marry among themselves. There can be nothing wrong in this if the parties like each other, and fully understand what they are doing. Where it is possible it would how- ever be a great advantage to deaf-^mutes could they obtain hearing and speaking partners for life. A deaf-mute man with a hearing and speaking wife has an advantage in business over a deaf-mute man with a deaf-mute w4fe. Some hearing men marry deaf-mute wives, who prove themseh^es as good house-keepers and mothers as could be desired. Deaf-mutes, as well as other people, should 1/ A '^'""P^nun, for Dec,f.,„,.t,,^ is a „nin1, „•;*';',*_?"*'«» "bout marryiiio.. p^ i ( , ' :"" "If i-'nv of (4,ui -if 11 :, ""'^ "* tures ,„ (ho M-orJd ."d :J' "" *.^ '^''S-Lla- •'7 "1 to oomu„-t m„rZ o T', »"'^t^'""l -fit' at; t"i,"i, -v »" «- \\ WHATISREUCON. f ..di..K>e to lit „",r'^''/l\. "f ^^od ...d wha vv',. do not l„d , - ' -^l" <•'"""" IWu- l^r ■*''-•"„:;■ ;•::;" -^'^ -.h.-. «.;:.,: ;'"cau«,. «,„„. »...,, an I v,',,'''-^''"'' '« useless. '"fidols. ".MXH'rites and others ) The Bible. 25 ivorcc a '^J«. and this is !"ht and ■ 0()ul«! v^erabJr ^' iike iTuide juid good r)d or mu.sf i'ear do(\s is a f)llls \hv. I<'SS. K'l'N THE BIBLE. The groat book which is the Ibundation of true religion is the Bible. Learned men in all ages haA^e read it, and marvelled at its wonderful truths. No man has been able to write a book like the Bible. It is a book for the Avise man and for the humble scholar. Its language is simple and easily understood It has been the rule of life and guide to eternal rest cf many millions of people, who have lived and died long ago. It is still the same wonderful .}>ook. Learned men have not been able to improv( it, or add anything to it, because it is perfect, and inspired by (xod, its Author. It gives us -the history of the world from the creation, and tells us how nijin fell from holiness to sin. The New Testament tells us iiU about tin* Saviour, and how we can obtain pardon for our sins and eternal life. Once a iireat and learjied man, on his deathbed, was {jskcd bv a voung man to tell hnn how he could ])econn' a Christian and be saved. lie answ<'repa„>o„f„, Denf.,,,,,,^^ Aw paivnts read Ktw ^'-''" "' -church or I '••-ad the Bil,Je more vn ^'^f .^•"«"- H Voi, ' P vm ? ?" '^""■Jar with if T,^ "" ^'"""Ot i lo verbs has a very uZl . '' ^^"' Book of • fVns^ of the vvorld ,. ^'''''''''^'' ='"d wTse j f'oloinou's ibr value '" P°°^ ^o'npurerto UoIr'SC?*''''«iWe above a)J , . ,^^ »«1 '«d ^,.ith one j^S; ^»d in Jove «J^;- There thev wilt i, ^^f^^^n when th^l nappy eteraitv. es. ^^- Thev ^- They bout the ' because lurch, or • P'yoii o Jove it Rook of ^nicticaj ^ wise ared to ' ^^tiier when n lore 3coine they ^eech A Pratjer for Wisdo m. 27 A PRAYER FOR WISDOM. (Ihl Cdthrrittp /\ii/foii, of Diullcii, wrilten in her nineteenth f/rar.) Maker Supreme of heaven and enrth, Of sea, of air, and sky, ! Thou, who irav'st to all things hirlh, Lord, hear me when I cry. To Thee, invisible, I'll j)ray, Thou only rig-hteous God ; And Thee, omnipotent, obey. And fear thy dreadful rod. Riches or life, I do not crave. Nor any transient thing:s ; The one has wiims, and in the g-rave Are laid the proudest kings. 'Tis heavenly wisdom 1 admire ; 'Tis this is my request : O grant, great (lod, this my desire, And I am fully blest. i 28 ^ C'o».;m„on/or maf.,n,He,. n ^'^'?p"™fo worship thee anVhf ^»d thy c.oMma.-,cl«1„fH, % -ul may fl'li;* ''^ ''1^"". ^Vhe^e I shaU live eten.aJlv -^'ot with a. wt^Mt Mn I Ill heaven ., , ^^^^ ^ti'ams ; /'^ta, tile centra r^v ^ • ^J Sleep. 2U PERSONAL MATTERS. SLEEP. We all need the refreshment of sleep once every t' to rise, and 30 . " ^^^j 'mures must s iak( /roni i>e if thf^ 'I'V EiJid iited, n e ed til ^ tea. ^'*^> to bed Clothing. U the «Hke ''i*« iroiii ■ to be il f not tht' \va.siied, [ matfer ^1 every '<'n and •I'itated, <1 ofher inshc^d t iittle ii'oiiiid <'aiJed ' tiMh ^'iirdN. U8ed e. A k 1 1 < «. ,^ d the CLOTHING. The body must be clothed to protect it i'roiii the cold, and for the sake ol* decent appear- ance. Clothes do not make or oiye heat; they only prevent the heat in our bodies from (Ivini,^ oft; and leavini>' us cold. Clothes should be made to Ht easy if we want thi'm to be warm. There is more warmth in an easy shoe than in a tight one. Woollen clothes are the best to kej.^p the heat in our bodii^s. The natural heat in the human body is 98 deo-rees on FahrenhiMt's thermonu'ter. In America the outer air in summer often reaches over 100 degrees, and in winter it is sometimes so cold as to b(» many degrees below zero. These are gnnit extremes of h(»at and cold. We thi^refore need light, thin clothes for summer; and thick, warm woollen ones for winter. When a ]>erson is frozen to death, he dies simply of having all the heat taken out ot his body. People of good taste always clothe them- selves agreeably, and it gives pleasure to their fellow creatures. But the fop loves very fine clothes for the purpost* of drawing attention and admiration. He is vain and i! (ft ill m> S2 A ComimnUmfor Beaf mutes. woinen to wear i, -.t ,. , tt- ^°'' "'^" '">d LODGING. that the rooms sl„ , t' '■;''■■"• ""Portiu.t iuor'■" '"' "''■" 'U>"d. pure C. oom. Ti ::;'/ "V '^'"^'" f'^^' »"■ op.'nin« in ,h..,,ni„?;';,;'J'''''-f «'--''■'", ont..r air. W,. „ , f I "" '"' '"' '° *'>'• bM.a«.s. ,.v,. V fi , ''' ;,'"■ '" '""• '■'"""«• ".•'i:r;'''io;:''i;:,;;;:''"''7 >•.";/ ■• *« v...- ^'^'^^^^^^ moiv valuahl. i, , J}'''. '' Iittlo uhout il. ' ^" ^'* *'''^'*- very , Ev^rv hou.s,' should h.v. ,.ood - ^nu.iN, ronnccfrd wiH.'irf "" «''vver«, or --a..u.rt;'\;:;:i,^-r,c>.i^t:: k' ?5. Hof^Sp/t-fiC/^/ffo', oo •>•> e«s more iiieii and Liid clean ' should 'd place, o much fipoi'taiit il air(>d. >reathed the ail- tv or an r to the • rooms, iye out iiijureN s very Lcre is d than ^ verv • srs, or refuse Id not have openinos to let th(^ vapour Ironi them p>t into t\w house, I'or it is verv injurious to health. ' Youno- people should not sleep in the same IxmI with their parents or old i>(M)ph'. The\- shoiild have separate beds oi* rooms. It is not heaithy lor youiii*' and ohl to sleep louvther. Many poor I'aniilies crowd into small rooms in cities, where they cook and eat and sleep ton-(>ther. This is very un- heal Ih v. HOUSEKEEPING. LlKi. may !)(> enjoyed in the humblest house -: It be k'ei)t clenn ami tidy ; but il'it be nlways " ""''dy a„d EXERCISE. tz of .tSe^- SiS;; ™^if 'V'^^ 1 1 bodies, but only whh \t "'"'"' T '"^ ''^''*'- ■ much dai^y exer.i^> T^r7 '""'f'*' »''<^«' 1 bodilv exercise fhnntl . • '""'"''' '"*« M"''^ ftrrl il it i- "■" **^ *"''o'' or shoemaker aua IS therelore more h.-iln.,r if '"'"'^V' obh^ltositaliday'li'&i'rrh:: Z ""•' 'V^*^?," ""t be :Cd W f we lose our health, it isnot easy to g.t it bark! „WALKING AND DRIVINO ShrtTo^i^ir^^^^^^ railroaaf.e your J.orM- or stoplt, ^*\r\r^^r\j\^t\^ Hovere thy God, all things uhove, And as thyseli; thy neighbor love. punish ?k your i be no not pay Don'i Run in Debt. BO NOT RUN IN DEBT. 37 'otes for islature, Iders of h^^in by dufthe should of the tee, for se who id vote belug- as, too. ' laws, s tiiey "Don't RL'.v i.v dkbt ;"-never mind, nevor mind. If the clofhos aro faded and torn ; Scam them nj), make them do: it is better by far, Than to have the heart weary and worn. AVlio'M love you the more for the s^hape of your hat. Or your ruff, or the tie of your xhoe, TJic out of your vest, or your boots, or cravat, If they know you're in debt for the now. Therc'H no comfort, I tell you in waikinK the street In fine clothes if you know you are in debt; And feel that perchance you some tradesman may meet. Who will sneer— "They're not paid for yet." Tfood friends, lot me beg of you. don't run in debt. If the chairs and the sofas are old— They will fit your bnck better than any new set. Unless they're paid for-with jrold ; If the house is too small, .draw the closer together. Keep it warm with a hearty (rood will; A bipr one unpaid for, in all kinds of weather. Will senil to youi* warm heart a ohill. Don't run in debt— now. dear Kirls take ii hint. Old (If the fashions have ohHiiRod since last nnturo is out in the very same tint. And old nature, wo think, h seastin.) , has some reason. 38 A Co mpanionfor Deafmule!< B"t, unless they are »air f T '"*'' Than to envy Zw 7- '"''' ''' "^ '"*" envy their sunshiny hours. If .v;-^Ve n.oney to .pare, I havo nothing «ay- Kind liasbaji(iw ,i, ,.•» Twill fi "'" '"^" ''«'^^ ^">' '"ure; To know that a neighbour ....v ,...ii With a r»lnim ^^""""^ '"'-^ '''il' at your door, with a claim yo» must settle to-morrow. Ohltakemyadviee-iti«good. itis..re, (But, yet you may «ome of you doubt it ) I II WH,„er ,. .secret, now seeing 'tis you J I have tr.od it, and know al, about it; The chain of a debtor is heavy and cold Gild it '" ^"'■"«'"" '-^ --t. Udd toer as you will-it i« never of gold, Then spurn u aside with disgust. We Must All Work. 39 INDUSTRIAL MATTERS, WE MUST ALL WORK. In order to make land bear more food, it must be tilled— ploughed, sowed and harrow- ed. The grain must be gathered, thrashed, winnowed, and ground into flour ; so a great deal of work is needed to obtain flour to make bread. We cannot get woollen clothes without tending and clipping sheep, and dressing, spinning, and weaving the wool To obtain hnen cloth for shirts, flax must be cultivated, dressed and woven. If we wish for silk, we must take care of the insects that produce the silk, and spin and weave it. No kind of material can 1)e turned to use for clothing without much work being first spent upon it. It is the same with a house, and j,,....v..xv^, ^lOuivriy, ^]H^^K, aiid uiDiisels for cooking,— all require labor to make them. Whatever we want we must work for it. It IS no real hardship to have to work for our A ComimnionforDeaf-muUK work a source of SSntru': ''"^ "'"^•^ i There beino- work- fn .1^ -^ • i iiim money to \\\-^ wiv^./V ^t^^^noii, ha« lelt VALUE AND LABOR , the pow... of themiud Foit"^,^'"^°"' the auH.o, ..nd^^arJr'w^u^t'oi-"^";. a Simple kind whiVh ui. /^.^^^^i vvork ]« of -" do, It i. „,;,r,rl:^f.'.f ?J^"y«-'y t>ody mncJ. skill is r,:."qnired"7hp, '""''' "'^*'- ^^^ei, Ail can work ^kS^^^_ ^^^^ Valtie and Labor. 41 id made >ut right in- share, aiul 11 of ^vill fjjicl hii« hit ^\^hen a loes iioi but it Lstrious. le lives with skill is not so common an abilily ; and besides some time and money must be spent m acqiuring- it. All are free to take as much work as they can do, but they cannot force otners to employ them. Those who receive wages for work done, receive ihe value of it. Labor is the true measure of value. By labor a piece of metal IS raised to a hijch value, because work has been spent on it, as, for instance, the main- spring of a w^atch. •^^•^^^^'^^\y\^yj^\y\ f\.<^^\^\^t,,^yf '' kinds e skill, ithout nesses 3eded, wyer, is of body iYheii eater, work USE OF TIME. The present time will soon be past, Each day you set* may be your last Endeavor so each day to live, That you a good account may give. Occasion and fortune Jbr no man will wait ; 11' you wish to catch them, never be too late. 42 A Companion for Deaf-mutes. SAVINGS' BANKS. WHAT MAY BE DONE 9 .people do the irtoTSr-. ''*''^'- soon able to earn eno ,ol! •'"**-™«t'>s are trades to pay tbr th^ , "f "J^'^^y ''X «'«)• ; than the."snt"dT"V /''''''^ -^''"^"'^re Many ...ai^^ tes wa'ste '^Ir.'^ ^'""'I".?- hiiye to spare in ,Ivi nt i . "^ money tliov from "hand to monlh" u'""*^! "'"^ '"''^ callit-that is thev i; 'l^^'^i^^n.. peopj,, ftst as earned Th7/T \ ''■''"" «o»«y .ks for sickness, okl I^e' „n d' I"' '""S *<> ProVide they find themselves '" ^ "l^"' W'"'" go to tlieir rolat.V M u ' '"""* ^ork, thev them till they ^!e ;;[''" '^'""^ *" P™"de io V situation, /h:;?' ni '"'""' "": 8^''t anoth,.- have done with'th.Wr „ '"'' '^"'"''"'^^'^at they What May he Done ? 43 This is too bad. Deaf-mutes should try to be independent, and provide for themselves in sickness, " hard times" and old age, by saving- yvhat they can of their earnin-s and putting ,t in the Savin-r,' Bank. " nif?"?"' ?''"''" '*"'' Building Societies are open to deal-mutes, as well as hearing- people Jiy putting your savings in the Savings' Bank' voii receive more money for its use by the better than k.-ep,ng it in an old stoekin.-or ir your trunk, where it is in danger of bein.C stoleii or lost in case of fi,v if you wish tS build or buy a house, th.-re i« tL Building kocel,, which will ioiRl you part of the money to buy or build a house, if you pay interest on the loan, and rep'ay thl money lent you by monthly or weekly payments. HOW A DEAF-M INDEPEN I WILL tell you how a became " independent "- -i-^w-jgn Tu M\e Oil 111 another deai'-niuh^ did are Alfred Wilson and were both educated in UTE BECAME DENT. deaf-mute workman -or one who saved old age ; and how not. Their namob John Brown. They the same Institution 44 A Compnnion/ur Deaf-mutes. forJJeaf-MutesinEnffhnicl Th,.v IpCt . i. i and commenced to wSrk it ti. / t ade« t aToetlker "" ^'" " ^'"'°'' ""io>..r like.l him because h. wis it,.,, ' »-•< n hked h,m I.ecauso lie was a(.od-t..im.e • . ;.''.'ligi"^-, and minded his own h„li, , "f V ' ' incnds and a,.,,„ain(ances lik, ,1 hi K J hewasannn-I ,„ :..''",.""" 'x'caiise '.y the re;pectaf>iria;'m;;tes"i:. T t'""" where he lived because he bore "i; «.;:!; Alfred WfhoH, Taihr. 4/ .) character; but thoso who wasted thi'ir (imo and money in the ale house did not lik(^ him because he avoided their company, and W(ml(i never - stand treat,'' or drink with others At the end of his first year as a journevmnn . VV ilson lound his smaJl tin box JulJ oi-shiilino-.s sixpence^ and pennies. lie turn.Ml IIh^h' over on the la])le and couutcMl them, and •^lUU.oU.) A IrKMid went with him to mil his money in llu^ Savix(is' IUxk, ami IVom hat dav he became a r,o;,iar chposilnr, livery Moiuhiy mornino- h,. look his snviniis to the JJank He spmt vrrv litHe money hi pleasure, and lived on plain, but wholesome and nutrilous lood. JUs doihes were also plain and m-at. 11,. paid lor evervlhino- with cash, and had no debts to tr()n})h". him He put what money h,. had lo spare in the ^avlno.s liaiik. In the second year his wa-es were raised lo X'l (*r>) a week, and he work<.^^^''''^' ^'' ^^'' hi-s of his shoi, a,fd,., s"d hi'" "' °"*^ '••'P'^-'Ment «7.r,0) a wee il' ■ ' ' '''""■''■'' t" •'^<»« '"'-out foreman ^b';, m'T';"" "";•'"' to work as lonj,^.;* „h, J ,,''•'; ;"■'•■;usine.s,s. 1 very jvar his l.usiness increased and he had a large bank a.vonnt, w i-h produce. ,„v, ,1 ''''")!'"\''"Je^tvv ' ,;Th'; :T7' '"■^' ^'^" """•• "1 the from 1, .1 .;,,"'"''"•'■,""''«»«■ the odor .„,, ,'••".'<' tlien at the meat iii th,. .i,„„ l)reak ^iidili'iilv !i(i ( If if hi,s heart iirued round would and John Brown, Shoemaker. 49 started off. He did not ston «Il . beer house, which he enterL - " ''*™« *» ^ sixpence was soon spent t hi ''T^ ' ^'^ Thus Brown's appetHe fo, i»tn '*"? *°'"'*=«° •' and tobacco waf stroni^r tt? h '"^^*'1"°'- for food. He spent llondil . .'f "PPetite with several others, and camJfn\*\*''^'^™ Tuesday with a red nose and V ^'' ''^''P °n Poor b/ow„ ! he despr:.fd t "3/" P^-^^' of his employer, and Vent from bad ^""^ A pohceman found him one Momi! '^"''l^- ymg intoxicated in a gutter .«^^ ."!^^* m .,ail. He had no mo5"y to mv f^^ }^ and had to stay ten davs L r. • ^^ *^*' ^^^^ wife and famfly hadT Jo^iStoVe"' ^'^ house. His master had to em.!r " P"*""" man to fill his phice ■ 3 , , *"»P'oy another of prison, Brown fo;andM''",i'l '^■•'™« «»* time in 'his iTfe i^waj j" ^°', *« «^«* without a home, witHot . .rP'^yn^-'nt. purse, and his wife and cW dren 'h'^ '" '"" the parish for support ' He If, . *^'"°^'" "»» ' to find another sitLa on. I s^ h,"" " '"""^^ lor several years He it uJ7 ", "" '""''e lonely Part^of Lanc"hir .'"If "^ "" "l-,f the same wretched .Ioh„ ^^"L^^"^*'"" ^-tiil rades lauched at hi« '.Vmr;""" "'^ •'om- and called^hinl " l)Jmmf B '"" '""' two or three years mor y lirown." ir,. ji^.^;^' D sometimes in jail 50 A Companion Jbr Deaf-mules. and sometimes in the poor house. He died conta lied the iollowmg- entry, which was all atutWm^!!^ ^'""^'^ people^ould tell^me' " KENDAL UmOX.-Vagrmu.' Want Apmi, 6tti, ISeo.—Dieil this rfnv ,if ( / ■ BHOW., deaf and du.., ^:^^:^^:T "^^'-^ ^^^ AN APPEAL TO DEAFMUTES, • I have said enouo-h to <\^r^^^r , ^ useful Savings- Banks and BuMifr So. r' feowt"eeaus:L ZU°.S,„!': -irV' himself. I am dad to «. vT«f r ^""-^^^P With a lew more such men as Alfred VHs^n but we all are aware th.^f fi, vviison. many deal'-mutes ^'ho ^ ^ '''' %^'''' livnJ T., w i • .""'*"' living as Blown med. In Britain, m Canada, in the Unit.] istates, and in Australia the inaiori v of- ■ mutes sav! little or nothiii r "! f"*'," -riiings The tavenrt'uieir' i.^ '"^ they hnd it, as Brown .lid, a l.a! pXL''".r riivediiCii" tL '"'■•"/"*'■'* "• ^^ VV ilsoii. They can beneiit themselves An Appeal to Deaf-Mutes. 51 certain ,f 2 ^? /id; but one thiuff is money' thet 1^7^^ '"""T -"'^ ^^^ ^^at and wretched »t' A '^' "^'^ "°* "^^ «« P""' both TodTanl s^ul^^Tt'JorLro'r" T^^^ wish to W your moLy au^ iSe w' sC few B ,k' Tt"^ ^^"^ ^^^7"^« *° "i^« shillings or a dn! , ^"'^ "'1" ""'^ ^^'^^'^ Ave beg-in with that R I ^ *™^' ^-^^'^^ n"nd. ll Br[t^.in =i"?,*° >^°" '-^"d encourage yC money iu one I^^ckwh t. X ^P"* *beir draw it out n! ""'-^ "^'^'^ Saving-s' Bank and wm hju e at the (uid of a year. «udi men a« VViisoji sppm f^ ^M?' f^ ^"cu men as dent deal-muteT " ^ '''"''^ ^""'' ™P''°^-i- 52 A Companion for Deaf mutes. Aye, come, man and help us. And toil with the rest ; ' And save of your pay While you can : And heaven will bless you For doing your best, AND HELPING YOURSELF Like a man. ABOUT STRIKER. Workmen sometimes trv fn ,• wages by what are callpd ./ T'"^'^ ^^'^^^ ^}^^1 stop work and if !i''^'' ' *^^* i«» know that they will 'L -^r" empln^^ers better paid Th^s h^ V^> *^^^ ^ trades. ^All su.h oH ! ^^^ ^^^^^ on all -Pitai, onl^ Sbl^^StrX^^^^ ^ 'r ^ T^ It go to other trarlos -,J tewny it, and make machinery loZJ'I''T:^'^^ °'- ^^^ »"-ke as possible ; and fijnllv.h' '" ^'"'"^ "^ ""<"• b« the chief loseCfi:*:--^^^^^^ ^ I '65. How to Punctuate, 53 PUNCTUATIOJS^. !e tJieir that is, P^\yers Ley are on all >rce on I make ' make )f men ure to trike ! HOW TO PUNCTUATE cleanm,r^fl« Tf 1, ^^'* '^ important to cate Zh ' i''T"'t.*Jj,*^y have to communi- :ht fi 7SiLter£ft Jte crane and said to for 11^0, t,,.'; "i"' "''''''''<'»'''' » punlrtlon r '"" *^^ ^''"^'^ ^"^ -«d -'* F.;^at„rto1"ho iouShl^^nV!"' '"': f *« Point of death. «nnK, lor I miffht then «-n,-»~I? " {5^" '^^ """ff me some of food." "Not far iiseS T^^^^l ,^ ?° ^" ^^^''^'h ;'for were I to bring you drink ""^V "^^ *^" ^^*»«5 the food would come with me'" ' """^^^ ""^ ^^""^^ ^*'»t 54 A Companion for Deaf-mutes. I L?S %^=- =*"-s , show you how to use the diiierent stopf ^ ' aSten:r«^'^"*^^^'^°*«*«*«P^-dm ! ina^:„^S'""(^>^«*l^«»-tl-g-tstop ' aftl\riiir '°"«^''" ^*°p' ^"^-^ '« "-d capTtalTc^tter " ^'"^"^^ ''^^"'«' -"^ a A^a. interrogative point (?) is user! at +»,. end of questions, is " wll you there?" An exclamation (!) is „c,p^ x^ ^ wonder^ sudden LUron.^ Vh°.- " ^^^^:^ (parenS). "' ''"**^"<='^' ^« ^^ The njmtrophe r ) is nserl +« «,„,i, ...,. . a ietter ,s left out of a word'asWd -T'l Jn names, as John's, &c. ' '""^ ^ ' ^»''- How to Punctuate. 55 lation is. we read ters, you ^perly to ) under- ill try to ops. used ill est stop is used N^hich a with a at the •e?" 'xpress " Stop words as it vvhere ^ ; and The hyphen (-) is used in compound, or double words, as tea-pot, tooth-ache. There are other figures used in books and newspapers, the use of which it would be well to try to remember. These are T\\Q' section ( § ) is used to divide a chapter into parts. T\\Q^ parn wit. tion of 1. a, or ?Ttton a hy ► via freImch v\/ords and phrases in common use. Apropos. — To the point. Bfjw ideal, — A mode of beauty. Beau niotide. — The fashionable worhl Cou/t de main. — A ckn'cr or dexterous movement. Coup de soleiL — A stroke of the sun ; sunstroke. En masse. — In a body. En route. — On the way. Expose. — An exposition. Naivete, — 8inipHcity. Resume. — An abstract or summary. San}r froid. — In cool blood ; ai)athy, in- dilicrent. Soln'i(/net. — A nickname. Tete a tete. — In close conversation. 60 A Companion for Deaf.m«(es. : I ! I : I I • LATIN WORDS AKD PHRASES Adjiaem-To tho end "^^^Es. jd in/imtem-To iuiiuity i f '^ '»6'te»*-At pleasure ya««,s — uthervvise. 4/rt(-_E]«e where Al»m Maer^A beuig-u mother ^-'««.v--The miad or inteutiou Bonaf^ae~In good Ikith. ^^/-..-Fromthei;:::"^'''^""-- ■E.(.ce/.vw;r— Ilin-her. f" "''''''■'"-"y virtue of his office nffi • „ f//""*-Ou oue «ide only ' "^^'^^y- ^;/*Y"'*-^''« tho feet, ^ ' '•' -liiiKaovvji ^s. Latin Words and Phrases. 61 SES. e. !S. letter^ 8 lialJjr. py- In totu — ■Wholly ; entirely. Ipse dixil—lle himself said it. J?ire divino — By divine law. Lapsus lmg;u(£~k. slip of the tongue. LUer/iUm — Letter for letter. Modus operandi— Thi^ mode of op(3ration. MuUnm in parvo-~y[.\\(A\ in little. Nem. Co?^— Without opposition. Ne plus ultra— J^othing lurther. Per Capita— By the head. Per diem — By the day. Posse CO mi tatus— An armed body. Post Mortem— MtiiY dinith. Prima facie — First view. Pro bono publiro—Yi)X the pu])lic good. Pro et von— Y or and against. Pro tempore— For the time being. Para avis — A rare bird ; a prodioy. Sic passim — So every where. Sine die — Without day. Sine quamm^k thing indispensal)!* . j.j?//;ro.'?r7— Under the rose. Sin }reneris—Or\i» own kind. Summum bonum— The chief good. I! li fi 62 ^ Companion for Beaf-uutes. TT/,.- , ^ ^oiid earth ^o6..^.m-Word for word ^^m voca—^Y thl ].- • ' ^^ reverse. ^«^- Z)/. t7 ''"'S' voice. ^ ^^^— The voice of God cJties. a^ ii*>ea lu towns and suici,Je. ^ '"=^" ^'ho kills himself; a V th,. peopl., „,■ ,hlt eou,u?v "'■'^^■'^^''"'d ■"'^^ >-w.^>^ Eatiiin- .,,,,1 .l..;..i.:. from tl„,.ki,;;;,''''''^"'=»^'>«W not keep, us tes. Mercantile Terms. 63 9 I'everse. COMMERCE.' ^e name 11. i£e]f ; a vays charter public fP us ' MERCANTILE TERMS. COMMERCE.—Meaiis biiyiiig and selliiii.-, or exchaiioing one article for another. Day-Book.— A book in which are entered all goods bought and sold. Journal.— A book in which is recorded the business of the day. Ledger —The principal book of accounts Kept by all -those engaged in business. Bill of Parcels.— A note given by the seller to the buyer, specifying the quantity and the price of goods sold. ^ iNvoici:.— A paper sent off with goods ex- ported or sold. Account SALES.-This term means an ac- count ol goods sold by commission. Advice.— Mercantih' intelligence and n^ vising of bills drawn. A Price Current means a list of th** prices ol the various articles of merchandisr' m the market. I 64 A Companion for Deaf-mutes. from one house or p'r;^nT..°^f"°"''y «'"'* ! goods produce after evert,! JJ'' .•''"'. ^'''"h ; A Permit i« . r ' '^'"^"''*'°« '^ '"■'J"- ' remove excisable n,,Hn]"'' "'"'" ^'^'^ «'i '« to duues or t^rr^^^lJ^-J-p- goods ^^ ^"ieh business done h r, "'Ctf l'' '*''*'''"^"* ^^ form of debbr .:ud cnit't ^'''^^^^ "P"' ^e -"ILL OF Entrv I'o ^ 1- i n at the Custom H™Je ''^^°°'^* ""t^.-ad Tt also means hmon,v"i: "'^ ", ^'^'P °^ ^^^-■ goods. """" y charged lor carrying goods from ships. "^ " P''''^'' '°^ lauding ^ W„.RP,„, ,, -^^^^^^ ^^^.^ ^. ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ 'na^'s^orrmp. ""'^°'"*''' 8°ld or sih-or i„ the ^d'oVt^7.;^^|-!-Pj.a bill .hen prosont- ,..}^. A,«'EI.TAN(.E means «„ n„„.., , .... L-"i nt A Bill of fix-rji . .v-.tI • '^es. r. n which excj^ie to li wi)ich mont of ip in the enteiod or car. arrying- anding Lse of a in the •osont- Ciit ordci Mercantile Terms. ^S U)Y the payment of money. A Cheque is an order upon a banker for money, paya])le on demand. A DRA^yEE is the person upon whom a bill of exchange is drawn. A Payee is a person to whom a bill is made payable. To. Dishonor is to refuse the acceptance or payment of a bilj. Maturity means the time* when a bill becomes due. A Broker is a p*^rson emi)loyed by mer- chants in buying and sellino-. Brokeka(IE means the allowance paid by merchants to brokers. A P'actor is an agent employed to buy and sell goods. Commission is an allowance paid to agents. DiS(^0UNT means an allowance made by the seller to the btiyer, when he pays cash instead of taking credit. An A(1ENt is a i)erson employed to do business in the piace of the principal. Assets means property in the hands of assignees lor the beneht of creditors. £ A Companion for Deaf-mutes. any aSr™ """" *« ^igh^st price of ^^A ^MlNiMau i« the lowest price of anv merchandise, w"h the Lt ''^'*" "^'1^^' "^ age. "*^ ""***' '•'•OSS, and pack- of ?hep;s;:^r"''"''''^^'''"-^-*« weight noLrpi^^hVd:cferrr,?^r"V^^^ pr.eatedforacceprce:r^Ai,t^' notes or other monlT '1'" ''^"'^' bank "'''"i money, payable on demand ^ Mart is « n].ir./a /^f ^^• exchanov ^ '""^ ""^ i'^^^^^^' traffic or es. Mercantile Terms. 61 t price of e of any veight of nd pack- e weight out by a SIS been ^nt, and )yed to solvent. bank land. ' given ! place nsures fie or Nf/ Barter is the exchange of one article or commodity tor another. A Bank Bill is a promisory note to be paid on demand. A Bankrupt is a person w^ho tails in business and becomes insolvent. An "Insolvent is a ])erson unable to pav his debts. ^ A Solvent is a ])erson who has the means oi" paviu<>- his debts. ^ Stocks or Funds means the debts of (J-overnment, for which half vearly interest is paid. Specie means gold and sih-er coin, not paper money. An Insurance Broker is a person em- ployed by merchants to effect insurance on ships or cargoes. A Stock Broker is a person who does business in the Funds or Stocks for others. A Stock .IohuePv is a person who deals in the public funds on his own account. A Schedule, in commerce, is the statement of a bankrupts' ctfairs. An Abatement is deduction made fop damaged goods. 68 A Cv:^.punumjbr Beaf -mutes. TABLES Oh MONEY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. DECIMAL CURRENCY g.?" '" ™'«' » <1»1I«>« and 20 ,,.e„ts. :«,!„ 1« dollMs and 89 ccnte. 423 do ar, and 17 conts is wHtten $423.17 94 dollars and 09 cents <• %n%l \ ciphers"""'"'' ■"■" "■""'<■*"' '"*'' -™»* "r annexing ,w„ I Thn,.$69=e9„.o. S4T9=, $47900 cen.s. 71934 cen.:, =, $n9.34 4290 cents =$42.90 CANADIAN DECIMAL MONEY 100 cents (c.) make J dollar, marked %. Note. 'J'he coins are a five-cent 1 of, a twenty-cent piece, all of which a' ih '""/ ^^"^'^"' '•"^^' piece, which i. bronze. ''"^ » one-cent lOO^cenr^Xl! f i^^^A^iXpoJ,.""' '"^- "' '"-^'". «■'- ■I I TS AND dollars and ng explains xpressed in taxing two Dfi the two placing a li-om the the left of lot cents. Weights and Pleasures. OLD CANADIAN CURRENCY. • 4 farthings make 1 ]ienny, marked d. 12 pence " 1 shilling, " s. 5 shillings " 1 dollar " $. 4 dollars " 1 pound, " £. 69 ENGLISH OR STERL NG MONEY. 4 farthings (qr.) make 1 penny, marked d. 12 pence " 1 shilling, " s. 20 shillings " 1 pound, '' £. Note. The Guinea is ( (piul to 2 1 shillings and the Sovereign to .' ^ shillings sterling. Tlv origin of all weights and measiu'es in England was derive, from a grain of wheat ; 32 of them, well dried and gathered from the middle of the ear, were to make one pcnnyw ht ; and 3 hurley corns mtule one inch. UNITED STATES MONEY. 10 mills (m.) make l cent, marked ct. 10 cents " 1 dime, " d. 10 dimes <' l dollar, '« $. 10 dollars " 1 eagle, « E. 'lece, and one-cent eter, and AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. marked oz. " lb. qr. 16 dram- make 1 oimce, 16 ounces " 1 pound 15 pounds 4 quarters 20 cwt. (( i( I quarter. 1 hundredw* I ton. ight II n cwt. t. Note. This weight is used in weighing heavy articles, as meat, groceries, vegetables, giain, etc. 70 ^ Compamon for Dfnfmdes. SQUARE on LAND MEASURE square inr-hnc — i. , ^• ^AA -" '''^^A.SURE 30^ sqt.are yards u ^^IJ-'-^'e yard, .. ,^- ';;^ 40 square rods . ^l''"'-'^ ''^^h - .s^' ,^^- 4 roods ,. ' ''''< " r 640 acres ,, '^'''■'^ " „ ' square mile, <> ", _ Note ^r, ^ ' ''"^" "'^ .7.8 ^''°''^°^'° •'MEASURE „ contains "28 rifbTpTL"* ^"^'"^ '"'^'''' * ^^et wide and s fn . , CLOTH MEASUKK. 2J_ineh™ (i„.) „„„, „„,, quarters quarters 6 quarters 5 J yard. 1 £^ng]ish ell. i French ell marked na " qr. il " Fl. c, (I (( yd. E. . Wei^hfs and Mennvres. 71 E. \. ft. I- yd. |. rd. . m. TROY WEIGHT. 24 grains (grs.) mako ] penny weight, mark'-d dwt. 20 pennyweights " 1 ounce, '' oz. 12 ounces " 1 pound, " lb. Note. — Trc>y weight is used in weighing the precious metals and stones ; also in scientific investigations. ■'••''••■■IS for ^• I'^n-fi-s. cub. ft. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 20 grains (grs.) make 1 scruple, marked scr. 3 scruples •• I dram, " dr. 8 drams « i ounce, '< oz. 1 2 ounces " 1 pound, " lb. NoTK. Apothecari«'S and Physicians mix their medicines by this weight, but they buy and sell by Avoirdupois, 't long, of such and is ^ ^ LONG MEASURE. 12 lines (1.) make 1 inch, marked in. 12 inches 1 foot, " ft. 3 feet 1 yard, " yd. 5 J yards 1 rod, pole, or perch, " rd. or per. 40 rods or pt rches " 1 furlong, " fur. 8 furlongs 1 mile, " m. 3 miles 1 leagu", «' lea. Note. The degree, or 360th part of the circumference of the earth, is about 69^ miles. hand (ust cubit. 4 inehcH make 1 18 inches " 1 3 feet " I pace. 6 feet " 1 fathom. 120 fathoms 1 cable-length d. in measuring hordes). i 12 A a ^''^'^^^^''^'^'/^>'- />.//:;;,,,/,,. I>TiY MEAGRE, 2pint«(,,t.)m,ik(. '< pecks ^"^"OTK. ..This it (I qnnrt, .^'filJoii. peck, iinikf ''I <|^ t* ;^''ii »£ pii. il 1 i>ii. ii '•11. "ieasiirc ij,. ^"setaLioMuitH;;^:;?;;;;-,,;:; "^^■'' n- iMui..; ■■i;i •x'JIingr iff Ml I ^!l'« (Kill) make ] ni J-JQUID MEASUKJi:. pJJifs 2 l)fin('lN 2 hoghhcrtds 2 pipes pint, 1 'piurf, ' «"fil|()ri, i t.iii. l(li»ih(Mrj.l)ilitvmRlintolI,nv,.. Mi,„,.„,.,™,i„„„.,'p„,,.^i;;';:«"| ■« *• I Tror/fs and Prnfrssfona. 75 SHOEMAKTXrj. — KhsIIv li-nnicd ; (•(>iistnnt work in town or fountty ; nifiny (IcHt-imitcs ciirii (•(•mtuitaltlr livings l)y it. TAIL()R1X(;. — A g«HMl tiiwlc, (ukI ntjfnlar work, suitJiM'^ for conntry and town. Open to nun jind wonx-n. CAUPKNTHV AND (AIUXil'rMAKlNCJ.— A good busiiKss for draf-niutfs. FAKMIXU. — A good and licallhy out it is not easy tool)tain work at il in evi ry t(»wn or villagi; as in some towns little or no ectopering is done. FU)<)KniXl)TN(i. — A good l>nsin< ss toi' deaf-nnitf'K in towns wlier<' there are hinderi"'y '^<' I'-d '""«''l^''vd iH-altl, V '.„ r'f '"^ ^■•''•>- •■^^''in work- is ^-p'oymentatit. ■ To;:;:',.;n„^-^-"tes ,nd \:^.,,;; Wat fT-MAKINT a ''^--K*' town.. '•«n f»- had all the y,ar' " " '"'"' '"'P'oyn.ent when w„rk «:""•'< "t i-uod wayJv al tl "''^■'"•'■". ^''"''•••iMpientv f TlTliVTr\T * \- 11 .X 1 i-x 11 .t; ! ;Tiii forjxfarit work — TIji « «num<» P". can hv hIy hv hiul work at LITHO(JRAPHTNG._A city tra.!.- : good for son..' rU at- mutes. FRENCH Pf)LISHIXa._A g„o(l trade for doaf-mntes in towns, whore this business gives regidar work. BRASS-WOKKEK AND IRON FOUNDER. -Regular en)- pIoym..nt for good workmijn in large towns. JEWELLERS.— 'J'hcse Hi,d work in large t<.\vns Few deaf-mutes are jewellers. MARHLE-POLISHIX(i._A goo.l husiness fur deaf-mutes in ejtif work, It she is willmg and ahle to take to hoUHe-work. DRESSMAKIXti AND MILLINERY.-Thes,. are k^kkI for deat-mutfs 111 large towns, and in the eoimtry. ARTIFICIAL FLOWEHS.-Manv girls tind employmeut in England as artitieial tloristn, PORTRAIT-l-AINTJNG.-There a.e a few deaf-mute >vomen who earn their living hy painting and coloring portraitH in large towns. HHiRT.M.\KIN(;.-This give, work to manv women. ^ It is Jjard lor ,liem to earn a living l.y Hvvi'm\i. .MACHINE-.SEWIN(J.-Ther<. are mans girln earning eomfort^tl.le livings hy working on sewing maehi.-s i,, \Z toWllK. FACTOR V \VORK.._»i n iomo towuH manv women «r. engaged in fa-tories. hut this kind of work d suit deaf-mute women, and it w engage in it. oes iiMt Seem t. r / '<■"; 1 78 il r I ^ Companion for Deaf mutes. HOW TO KEEP A S \Vhen deai-inut08 o-et into .ooa iheir trades, thev should do nil keep them. They should ai ITUATI situation to o-iY litti situations at they cnn to \\'Jiys bt' ready see fhof Tf " V/'V '"''*' '^^ ^*'^P ^^'^♦^n tney tnat It will >(. inborn] *. \i , - Ti 1 .. "iseiul to their euinlorMv*^ not hliglu \„ur work, i„i ou 80 1l A Companion for Deaf-mnle^. will fe^^l angry at them; but you must remember that theiv is not a iiimu Hvino- who Jias not l)een miserablv deceiA-ed over and ovm- ag-am ])y tln^ peoj^le of the ANorld. This will teach you to trust more cauiiouslv, and examine their characters closely ])eibre you allow opportunities to injure voii. Do not be discoiiraged under any' circumstances Go steadily lorward. J]e industrious. l)e sober be^hoiKvst, deal in perfect kindiu'ss with all who come m your way, whether thev be rich or poor, deai-mutes or hearino- people • and il you do not prosper as last as other people, you will be at least as happy '^^\y\r\f^j\,y,. ., .,, ./.,,^^ While we liye we learn. I'se a book as a l)ee docs a I lower. Look to the })right side ol" eyerythin^. \l»A<»V WulL' /iitii it»._ix' a»'-! !-~--l- L^ H e who neyer tries cannot win the prize.