^J ^'iu «0. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I '-illM IIIIM - Ii£ IIIIIIO 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -^ 6" — ► VI <^ /^ -y v: ''W s"* '/ /A J Photographic Sciences Corporation s. ^^ ,\ ^> V \\ ^9) V 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 6^ ^ W-3 M/D CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Tochnical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attenripted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. m 7\ Coloured covers/ Couvert'jre de couleur I I Covers damaged/ D D n D D Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou peliicuide I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque n~| Coloured maps/ Cartes g6ographiques en couleir Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Re\\6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppidmentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exenplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer, '.es details de cet exempiaire qui sont peut-dtre .iniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methods noimale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/oi Pages restaur6es et/ou peliicul^es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolordes, tachet^es ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Page-'t ddtachdes I I Pages damaged/ I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ Showthrough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Qualit6 indgale de I'impression □ Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire I I Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes A nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. Tht to 1 Th€ pos oft filr Ori be{ the sioi oth firs sioi or i The sha TIN whi Mai diff enti beg righ reqi met This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada L'exemplaire film^ fut reproduit grSce d la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^^^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les images suivantes ont 6x6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenj de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplairos originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont filmds en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 S 6 J CAN 1 3 HIS EXC &' CANADIAN NORTH-WEST AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. • TWO SPEECH KS BY FIIS EXCELLENCY TflK MARQUIS OB^ LANSDOWNE. ffnbl Hhed bn the ^cyirtitKinl of! ^i^riitUiKie, OTTAWA : 1886 1> 1-^ i^ ■: H Ti=^ 130 125 120 ±W '11 •?^, jr i.\)4**^*^S v^.V. ■>-^ 'torm '«.•- m^y ^'VO.\TO.> s /( li J2 a,: IM- ^-yAm* *.**! *^ J ^'■«'r¥r --rp \>^fJ"f''*N '«// 0'fffr ocky Sf t * i;Vsi Hou so / I .^ N, J/;? N' ¥ '^. '^k. W. v^V .^?et.i^ r— v^ -^ ;>^^ ^c^^^i^V "ppj .' v< ' .;^. ■V J\\* , "*ip!> * (/ A ■|^'iJ ii if' I > K-- ii •> 'o v.: c i; ^W\ XiTS-" # .\VSJ) '(^ im- ^ .^1,:^.. i^•''■■■^,.>.v5?' .v^.v *:i'T .Vi\.4^' T^'*, .:3 ViA 1 vv W'^-' 'J.v ►.<•;< Ml M -•:•;»■ t>^; P'lv''.^ , ,n<*.(-a.v' ifc.-..,'"'.^ M r^ '^.'^ N ■>A*j of ■UMl. W£ ^'< 3< is\^- % :i!^^ ///< ^^\ ■=*/ #■ ■*>•♦ ^. ■-'np/r. 'jWj. Z4<^4^'^¥'^^'Cd .?>.„r*.o,->u:'*" %,.^' ;M m wr vit^ .,«^.: %riUi^ mmm "-tuk burl.wd i,itiio. Co., llfll ^, •"••^ Map Eng r.avprs, MONTREAL, CANADA. CO 40 SO 20 10 10 Hin .nXir^ 'S \ Pek'inr £huii.rhai ? /• Okhohk E&^ X-'^ jv^7)j: ^A^ csA y fPlililippi ll lands \'c>kohaina 4( le ^5- BEflRim'S SEA :>so' 5f ■nnsmjs] r-so jrj ' Tn(»oI D Ts. N. Tlebride? c SaruXwi «f ^Feeji I h Ts. -rS e Is. VftW 8«( American I ^^7 .0*^ Franc iaco ^J y I ail Is O M CAN. PAC. «> VtjW 1 ti(i lUNII EQUi^TOR ISO 1*0 120 125 120 115 110 '105 \ '4' ''iotoria «< m \ CumbfTl '■fio :,;>^, o JVllV ^^■vX ■> it':'.""' -^ - \>^ jtr. ^ s *} M N T SOUTH V^ST, R^^t)rANC^ ISoiindary ,\ Uo. ^V A '^J DQMINII 7ns- B ri I D v^ 7^r0" \^^ 140 100 80 40 20 70 Vijtv E ^^mFj jfoRTp CAN. yAC. Rl Franc iaco J± N ?jPtail Is ^^ M E R ^ s^v J__^ J idwfoundlaiK i4ikRt ^T 60 C-E^k «0 " jjPnSS"' s;»F *^i ^lEKS Desert Sahara A'^^S I C < (^ ; 7lS to •40 70 50 10 20 to 10 40 lorn'"--" _^. MvnsnN / 1 WarteTi , "~nr^rtFo/kAr*^*rro«uS? ^ *^ .^ W » Bt«cketiriilge ',^^■^1 /05 =t-r 00 ■ > '■ <. 85 80 ■^v' MAP OF part of tiie DOMINIONofCANAOA. ',. JusepH B '-J^r-V IniWfr, ■.^rv I* ■ ..." '••• *x *' * .\ tl. )y. i%r , p : t \ i * r- .;\- ■-. ;. ' f .7. i i > ''l\f. '\ -K^ [Red L g ^r< «rai iit^«> '•'■'/. , H»-»->' y ..^ ..\* <,. o*'). \^ef O^oi.^ nin "pnp„ Xl * o- ■i^^ Jvr cT i^i O iUWA*-' 'Y- XWii -I Lea Ckar^ea City W '•'*^' ..uots'-'^ it" WlV^rtHlCAOO 55 90 7,|0ippMKP«««aM|9 m/mmmmmmmm CANADA. TWO SPLSCIIKS OF TIIK MAKQU.S OF LANSDOWNK. £i^Tlu-c(" (.lovf'inors-i Jenciiil ..f ( ',uiM(h, liavo siicocssiv.'lv iiiii.l.. proloip'cd joiini.»ys to the Nortli-Wrst of Ciuiu.l,!, rrossinj,' tlif>' coLtiiiciit i,u tlu) l'a.;ili.,- ().-P;iii; And cadi, in a spm.-h in \Viiiiiii„.;,s has -^ivcii the result of Jus iinpicssions. I.oiti) I )ii-ki.:iun- wont in 1S77, piocotMling bv Amt'i-iciiu Itaihvavs {m tlii" point oP Fisher's LiUi^Iiiu', in MinncMota'; ihwice l.y th.; tfnliouH y.'t pi.M ur('s.|uc, aii-l hy no means nnconifortahlo mo.lo of coiivoyanee an'orle I l.y a Moil J{iv.,r steamer, tlnwn thn llsvl J.iiko Paver to Uraiul Forks; thence hy the U.mI llivcr in'n^n'v to Win- ui|)(^'; and theneo hy meai»s of th(! ordinary .■onv(3yanc-(!S of the country, with Metis for attendants, ho male i.rolon,i,'e 1 jonrnevs on the plaiiis! In 1881, the Maim^iii.s of Lorxk made a simihir jonrnt'v, proeeediuir l,y the lakes to Thumhu- Day, and thenoo to \Viiinip«^ by nino mih^s of ordinary roa.l, one hundred and sixty miles of water, and three huudre.l and tweutydive l.y rail. Jlii proL-ee.led west from Winnipe^r one hun- dred and fifteen mih'S l.y rail, and theneti l.y wa^^on an but the preface and prelude to her future exei-tions and (^xpaiiding destinies, she took a fresh departure, received the aiilatus (jf a more imperial inspiration, and felt herscilf no longer a mere settler ahmg tlie hanks of a single river, hut the owner of half a continent, and in the magnitude of liei' possession, in the wealth of her resources, in tlie sinesvs of her material right, tl'e p>cer of any power on earth." The following are extracts from tlie sjieech of the MAUiiUis OP LoHNK, describing his impressions : — *' P»eaiitif ul as are the numberless lakes and illimitable forests of Keewatin— the land of the north wind to the east of 3'ou — yet it was pleasant to ' get behind the north wind ' and to reach y^H' open plains. The contrast is great between the utterly silent and shadowy solitudes of the pine and fir ff)rests, and the sunlit and b, y ocean of meadow- land, voiceful with the music of l)irds, which stretches onv/ard from "the iieighbourhcod of your city. In Keewatin, the luml)er industry and mining enterprise can alone he looked for, and here it is inipossihle to imagine vny kind of work which shall not pnxluce rc^sulrs eiptal to those attained in any of the great cities in the world. I''uknov>n a few years ago, except for some ('. ilerenees which hiul arisen amongst its people, we see Winnipeg now with a population unaniuiou.'-ly joining in happy concord, and rapidly lifting it t'l tla; front rank' amongst tlie commercial centres of the (,V)ntinent. V*'e may look in vain elscwlu're for a situation so fa\oui'ahle and commanding, many as are the fair regions of which we can boast, "Nowhere can you find a situation whose natural udvantagea promise so great a future as that which seems ensured to Manitoha and to Winnipeg, the heart city of our Dominidii. The measureless meadows which commence here, stretch without interruption of their good soil westward to your boundary. The Province is a green sea over which the summer winds pass in waves of rich grasses and llowers, and on this vast extent it is only as yet here and there that a yellow ratcli shows some u'i-jjantic whe;it ti'ild. ..... C>' ^■ m ■t, when tlie prairie tires are more carefully i,'u;ii'(l<'d aijainst, will, wherever they are wanted, still further adorn the landsca[)0. Tho ine-,h(^s of this wood netting' are never further than twenty or thirty miles apart. Little liay swamps and si«arkling lakelets teeming with wild fowl are alwavs close at hand, and if tiiO suiface water in some of these has alkali, exccllcut wiiter can ahviiys be h.ul in others by the simple j)rnct\ss of div.rin,^' for it a short distance beneath the sod wiih a sp:ule, the sfiil luini:^ so devoid of stones that it is not eren necessary to use a pick. No wonder that under these circumstances we hear no cmalcini;- " There w,Ls not one person who had manfully faced tho first ditll- culties — always far less than those to be encountered in the ohh^r Provinces- -but said that he was iL^etting on well, and he was glad ho liad come, and Ik; giMicrally adJi'd that iie believed his Ijit of the country must be tlie best, and that he oidy wislied his friends could have tho same good foi'tune, for his expectations were more th.ui reali/.ed. It is well to rem'vnl)iM' that the men wh^) will succeed here, as in every young community, are usually. tlie able-!)iidi(>d. " Favouralile (estiaiojiv ;is t'> tlu! climate was e\ervwhoi'e given. Tiio heavy night dev.s tlirougho!;t the N(jrthA\^'st keep the country green when everything is burn.ed to the S(tuth, and the steady winter cold, although it sounds t'ormidaljie when 'ogistered by the thermometer, is tmiversally s.-iid to be f;ir less trying tluni the cold to b:^ encountered at the old J'hi;dish Pui'itaii city of iloston, in Alassaehusetts. ]t is tho moisture in tho atuKisphere Mliich ma!;es cold tell, and the haiglishnien wlio, with the thermonieter at /.eio, would in liis m )ist atmosphere bo shivering, would here find one Jlannel shirt sullit lent clothing while working •'AVith the fear of Ontario In'fore my (>yes, T wmild ne\cr \('utui'e to compare a winter here to those of our gi'catest J'ro\ince, but I am bound to mention that when a friend of mine put the ([tiestion to a party of sixteen ( Jntario men who had settled in tli<; western jiortion of ]\[a.nitoba as to the comparative merits of the cold season of the two provinces, fourteen of them voted for the .Manitoba climate, and only two elderly men said that thev iireferred that of Toronto "You have a country whose- \alue it would be insanity to ("{uestion, atid which, to judge from the emigration taking place from the older pnninces, will be indissolubly linked with them. It umst sup[iort a vast population. If we may calculate from the j)rogr(^ss we have already uuxde in comparison with our neighbours, we shall have no reason to fear compariscui with them on the new areas now oiien to u.s. Exclusive of Newfoundland, we have now four million four hundred thousand peop.,-, and these, with the exception of the comparatively small numbers as y»t in this Pro' Ince, are restricted to the old area. Yet for the last ten years our increase has been over 18 per cent..,, wliei'cas (llll■ill^f llio Hiiiiic |i('i'i(ji! nil thn New Kiii^lmnl Stitles taken to- gctlici- liin'c siiowu an iiicn.'asc oaly of I .'> per cent. In tlin Lust thirty years in Ohio, the increase lias lieen til per cent,; Ontario has iiail during that s]iac(^ of time 101 pei' cent, of increase ; while Quebec has increased a'i ])er cent. Manitoba in ten years has increased 281) per cent., a i,Mcater rate than any hitherto olitained, and, to Jndg*; from this yoai's experience, is likely to incrense to an even moie wonderful (lei^ree during the following decade." . SjfeThe two S|»(.'eches delixered by His Excellency the [nesent (^(jvei'noi' General, it is the main object of this piuiphlet to re])r(jduce, as con- taining the careful andguaided and )esponsib]e ex[)ressions of opinion and obsei'vation of an iiuperial statesman of the acknowledi'ed standiiiu' of the JM..\J<<^!iMs of Lansdownk. The length of the main tiMiidv line of the ('anadian Pacifio Pvailway from ^Monti'cal, the head of Arlantic ()ceau navigation, for steamships between live and six thousand tons, to the luivigablo waters of tlie Pacific, is as follows : !Sl".\TUTE Milks. ^Montreal to (Jallander 345 f'allauder to Port Arthur (loT Port Arthur to J{ed llivcr, op[)Osite Winnipeg .. -428 Pved Iviver to .Savouafe' Feiry 1,'252 iSavonas' Fei'rv to JJ-irrard Inlet 213 2,895 Tt may be remarked that the Canadian Pacific Railway Company lia\e m addition si.x hundred and four ndles of Inanch lines accjuired and built, making a total of thi'ee thousand four hundred ami lunty- nine miles ot lail. 'J'lie total cost of construction, of the Pacific AVorks j)ro[>er, was about a hundred ;ind forty millions of dollars. U'he work of building was unexampled in its rapitlity, having in \iew the great physical obstacles which had to be o\ercome. The contract with the Company was niade in 188t), and the last spike driven in the autumn of 1885.- The following table of con)pa»'ativt! distances is of general interest in connection with the completion of the Canadian trans-continental railway : Statute JNllLKS. Main Line — Montreal to Vancouver. All rail rout. 2,898 Prom New York to Vancouver, via Prockville and Canadian Pacific Railway 3,158 From New York to S;in Francisco, via Central and Union ,Facitic Railways, and shortest connect- ^ J V-' «J ■i J V' ^-^ 6 hv^ lines tliroii;,']i tlio Uuitod Statos a, 331 From Livor[)ool to Montro.il ;>,(' 43 From Liverpool to Xew York o,i'M From Liveipod to Yaneoinor, vi;i ■Nfoiitrcal and Caii;u1i-iri Paciilc Hail\v;iy T),!) U From Liverpool to San Fi-ancisco, via sliort(\st coniieetini,' lines in the Ignited States ri,7G2 From Li\ei'pool to Yokohama (Japan), via ]Mou- troal ami (Janadian Paciiic llaihvay 10,077 From Liverpool to Yokohama (Japan), via New York and San Francisco 1 1.000 Tt will be seen fi-om a comparison of the facts .atiordcd 1>\- this table that, liy the construction of t\\o Canadian Pacific Railway. <'\cn Xew Yoi'k, liiiston. a, id Portland will be brought from twenty io one iiiindred miles nearer the Paciiic coast than they are at pres-'nt by the I'nion Pacirio llailway ; and that, while the distance from San Franci.co to New Y^irk Ity the Linon Paciiic is 3.331 miles, th^ distance fi'orn jNIoiitrcal to the Pacitic Ocean by the Canadian is 2.f^\>i) ndles. Again, cnmpired with the L^jdon Paciiic, the C'anadian line will shorten the passagii from Liverpool to Cluna about a thousand miles. In addition to gi'('at(>r shortness of distance, there are remarkable engineering ad- vantages in fa\ our of the (jaiiadian liiie as compared with the lines, from Xew York to San Francisco, < v.i . cr-sing tlie United States. And it is evident from these facts tha.:^Ju' Canadian railway in enterintr into compctitioi- for the through u-allic b.'tween the oceans, will possess, in a.. \ryy high degi'CM!, tlu? esscnli.d elements of succesr;. The conditions thus e^tablislipd are of Inijierial as wril as of Canadian interest.. A "ew route is thus estabiisiicd between the Uiuted Kingdom and the East, available for bofh milita.rv and com- mereial ]»ur|);)ses, even it tlie Suez (_':i!ial was close>l. This route i.s wholly thiough Pritish t<'rritory on the Continent of Au'.eriea. with th'-' open oceans at each of its termini, witli two of the Ix'st harboui-.s in the world ; nnd coal of superior quality ami in great abundance on both coasts ; the coal of liritish Columina having lirMMi demonstrated V)y tests maile by U. S. Naval officers to be i>y fnr the mo-t \aluable f»f anv f:e,iiid on th.! Paciiic shores for st(;am making punpo.-es. The dirt'eicnce in economy in favour of the coal found in Jlriti-h Cohnnbia being th it rop:-es(mted by the ilgures respecti^ely (if l,S(j(J and 2,(00 pounds for ]»roducing a givcMi quantity of steam. This cniunction of great ad\aritagcs <^f favour.'vble grades and cur\-.'., a!id shortness r»f line, passing tlirou::!! a ricli. \v(\\ w.-.tered, agricuKura! country, l)Ountifully erul.-Av cd \ i' tlie (Jr-nlinent, is already \)eginning to attract the attention which lis impeit.ance demands, and heaves no room for rcabonable dmdjt tiia*' it \\iil in tho near future lead t."» great couunercial de\elopiiicnt. It i ,, in f.act, a pobititjn wluch is unitjue in the wcjrld, and whi. h leu-t '-xcrcise a G m;iil.(>.l influoncfi on wli;it has boon hitli'Tto calloJ tli;^ " Tr.u'e of (lie Kiisi,," and also of t.'uit ^■ast raeilic ti'ade "wJiicli lias been tli'[ ii ted as out! of ili<' cNonts of the future, by the author of " Greater Britain." A l;iMi' i; sub/|(iiiH'(l of the territorial area of the Provinces and Noith-\\'(vst Tt'iritory of (',iii;id:i ; the flu'ui'es of the four old Provijiccs of (Jjuiada, Ix'in;- talaii fr(jm t'iiv. !'itrodueli(jn to tlic Census of 18S1 : Sq. ]\riLi:s. Prince Edward Island L*,l."5;5 No\a Srotia 20,907 N<'\v ilruiiswick 27,174 (.^;u<'bec 188,088 <>ntaiio 181,800 M;ndtol)a 12:5,200 hiiii-ih Coluitibia .'^)41,.30r) a Ik; Tciviloi'ies 2,585,000 'j'otal scjuaix" iniics 3, 170,207 Tt is to be ol)s<>i'\-fii (Iiat the aicas of the ,:;-i'eat waters, such as the u^re.'it l.i;>i's am! ri\-er. of tl;e Upper Provinces and the ^-t. Lawrence, the l)a>s a'ld inh'trs of the Lower P:''Ainci's, ai-o not included in the abo\e v;i;)!e of s, 'would be aliout 110, 000 scjuare miles, which, added to the ai'cas taken from the census districts, wiaild give a total of over ;),(>10,000 s(|U;irc miles. The area of the whole'of the ctuitinent of Euro]ie is .3.900,000 square /riiles ; the area of the United States, exclusi\o ':)f Alaska, is 2, 93.":), 588 sijuare miles—that of Alaslai \< 577,390 scjuarc miles — cond>ined uiakin,-- 3,510,978 miles. Thus the I>onnnion is nearly six hundred tiiousand sijuare mil.'s- larp-r than ihe United States without Alaska, and nearly eighteen thousand sipiarf! miles larger than both combined. The total population of the i)onuuionby the census of 1881 was 1,324,810, against 3,087,024, as slnnvii by the census of 1871. The population, tlierefore, may be roughly estimated at a little over ffau" and tlnee (^uartia* nulli'Uis. and approaching live millions in 188(3. The increase^ in the old Provinces during the decenniad is over 18 per cent. The increase for the same Pro\ince3 in 1871 over 18(31 was o^■er 1 2 percent. Tlie numlun- f)f males in 1881 was 2,188,854; that of the females 2.1:55, '.)5() ; there being a pr(>[)onderance of more than 50,000 males over the femahvs in the Domirdon. This has probably arisen fror.i the (\vchss in inniiigration of rnahjs over females; and it is very df:sii;il)le in the social and economical inteiests of the Dondnion that this diHerence should be redressed by an increased inningration of females. Of tins popidation, 478,235 were born in the British Isles and Pos~ <-J ^. ^•1 <^ %^' «ll sessions; 101,047 in Prince IMwnrd T.Jaiid ; t20.0.<^.>^ in Xova Scotia ; 2«S,L'Gr) ill Xcw Dniu'nvick ; 1 ,.".27, .SOD in Qucl,cc; l,lt;7,!tS.s in Ontario; \UJ)\)() in Tifanitol)!), ; :)-J,27r) in I'.fiti^h (J'.hnnbia ; r)S,4:?0 in the Canadian Noi-th-West Territories; 77, 7")-") in tlifi United States; and 53, ^.'JO in other countries. Of tiio p,)pnlation of the Dominion r)H.70.'5 li\o in cities and town.s having a population of o\-e)' ."), 000 inh;diit;ints. The trade of Canada ha-; \-ery groatly incre.Msed sinco Confederation. At the end of 1SG8, the first liscai year after the union, the ti.tal exports were .>37,.jG7,S^S.OO ; in 1S84-."., .i>^'),2:5S,;'.(;i.()0. In IS'ls iIi,. totnl imports v.'pro 87;5,4r)i),()H.OO ; inisst-.-), >"-;l08,9 U,4sr,.00. The total trade h^dn;^ in ISGS, si !! 1 .O27,:^;;2.i)0 : and in ISSl-o, SliJS, 17:),S47.00 : and tin; aniiunt of duties collected wns ■::- 1 O,!.')."),")-") ■>.'.'!). Anionic' the exports, the value of a,niuials and tlieir produce wag C2o,.yj;;,'Ji)4.U0 : a-^'ricnltural products, .^1 '.), 1 2(>,:)()(').00 ; and ' prf>duct8 of tlie fore'^t, i?22,87:vj0.).00 ; of the nunc, s:5, 8;',G, 470. 00 ; and of fi.sheries, $7,':)7G,:',l:; 00. Tlio total v-duo of the Canadian 1l>honos in I'^'St was T-il 7,'-."')2,721.00 agaiii^t st4,4i/L',i)70.71 in 1880. The value of iidi exporteil in ISS.') was S7,07G,ui.">.(;O, Tiiese tii;'nres s!io\v that l)y fa.' tlu) lar:,'est portion of tlie product of tlie fisheries of the Jj^minion is coiv;unieil at home. It will ri[Hi\'i;' fr'')ni tlie C'V.iiparativ(>!y .sni:vi! export of thi; pi'oducts of the mine that the vast mini r.il resourcs of (,':inada have scarcely begun to be developed. There h.as bemi, hov,cve.-, a considcral^le consumption of coals in t!ie I)omi!U"n. The total amount <^f reccip,ts for tlio Dominion in 18-^4 was .?9."), 898,- 501.42, and the rcci ipts at the credit of the Consolidated Fund were $.'31,8Gl,'.)G1.7o. The payments fr .m the Consolidated Fund were .Sol,107,70G.2."). Tli-se two last p:iym(M\ts rf present the ordinary revenue and expenditure. The total alnount of the Funded and Un- funded Debt of Canada on lirst July 1S81 was _&24-2,482,-U G.OO. Against this amount the Assets held by the Dominion f.r Sinking Fund, etc., amounted to s42,G29,G49.00, making a Net Debtor .<199,852,7G7. • The amount of Net Debt /*rr capitd was 4-"). 42. The total interest on the public debt of Canada, chargeal)le against the Consolidated Fund, for the same year v/as .^7, 700, 180.00, or $1.75 per CO pita. The total amount expended on Capital Account during the same year . amounted to -SIO.O b"),9G4.00 Tiie Dominion has made great strides in its Ijanking operations since Confederation. The total paid-up Banking Capital, in i8G8, the first year after Confederation,. was .828,529,048.00. In December, 1884, it was .S'Gl, 605,520.74. The total amount of Deposits in 18G8 was SoO,- 1G8,55G.00. In Decendjer, 188 1, the total Deposits amounted to $I01,G57,737.30. Lord Lansdowne in British Columbia, • /> CIVIC BANQUET IN YICTOrJA, OCT. lOtli. HIS EXCf':LLKXCY'S onXION OF CANADA'S WESTPIRN I'lioviNct:, Oil tlio occasion of the visit of J lis Exci'Iloucy, the Govcrnoi'-Gcneral of the ])(»iuiniou of Caiiiula, to British Ccjlumbia, lie was, on tho lUth of Octoboi', ontoi-taincd at a ('i\ic B;!n(|uet. I]is Worshij), IJ. V. IJilhct, .l']s([.. Mayor, occupied the chair. On Ilia ri,i;ht ^^ ere ilis Excellency the Ccneriior (leueral, Sir Cubne Sey- mour, J lis JEonor jNIr. Justice dray, Lord l\l(lgund, J"'. (Jrowo Jiaker, M. P., Hon. AVni. Sniithe, Pi .lier of BritJsIi Columbia, Hon. J. W, Trutch, C. ]\r. a., P.. Dunsmuir, F. q., IM. P. P., W. C. AVard, Esq., jNIanagcn* IJr.nk of Pritish Ci)iuiid>i;i-, hdcI others. His Worship was supported on the l<>ft Ity Ifis Honor Lieutenant-Governor Cornwall, .Sir JMattJK'W r>. P>egl)ie, Cliief Justice of the province; Hon. ^Mr. Hope, N. Shakespeare, INF. P., Attorney-Ge7ieral Davie, (^apt. Rose, Hon. S. Duck, Capt. Wolfenden, Lieut. Ciaiforth, Capt. Tatlow, Hon. A. N. llichards, Dr. Ash and others. His AVorship jiroposed tho Queen; which was d^ily responded to, as was also the toast of the Pi-ince of Wales and the Koval Eaniilv, the National Antlieni and "flod r)l(!ss tho Prince ol^ Wales" being placed for each by the band, which was in atUnidance in the adjoining I'ooni. "His l''.xeellency tlie Govern(n'-(u'nei-al of Canada," was proposed by His A\'orohip the Mayor of "Victoria, being received v/ith gretit enthusiasm, the l)and j)layin;^ '"I [ail to the Chief'' and "Ptulo Britannia." In pro))osing this toa.-^t His Woi'sliip saineen's commission iu this (>oun(ry 1 shall at hast be able to ex[iress to you niy thaidis tor tlio manner in which you liave taken ad\antage of my visit in order to extend to me a welcome of which I deeply appreciate t'tie sigiuticance. (Apj^lause). { feel, indeed, that wliate\er may bo my shoi teotiungs J am at least secure of your indulgence^ a.s the re[)i'(.'.-.eniative of a sovereign, who having in iier public career ac(p-,ii'ed a knosvledg'O of pidilic alluirs greater proljably than tluit of any living s(a!esman, has yet known how to observe in the sti 'ctest manner the limits of her constitutional position, (loud api)!;iuse) a sovereign v/liosi; pii'-;ite life has been an cxaiii})le of all those (qualities whicii arc tlearest to }'higlish men and I'higlish wom(Mi throughout the worhl. It is perhaps ti'ue to say that in the eyes of her subjeets here slie occnpie,, a position distinct from and greater thau that whitdi slu' lills in ours. Because while iu our eyes she is regarded primarily as the (jueen (jf that little group of islands in which vo have our home, in your eyes she stands out ekiarly as tho ruler of that great en\pire of which (rriiat Britain is but a com[ionent part, as tlie visible proof of tiiat union which •.•onneets with (^leat lUitain not only Can- 1') orli from Prinfn I^ilwnrd Isl;iii>l t) S'.iiic.'Mnpr, l)ut also our F-ritish Jndiaii, ;\ii>.tf;il.'i'-.ian ami AtVii-aii eitloiiics, in <>iin oinfiii'O, tlu; like of wliicii the World has never si-fu — no, nor fcliull .seo to llic cud of tinio. (U rf ;it upplansc. ) For niysclt", I may say iliat my \isifc to Dritish Colunibi:i is the ful- illlmcnt lit an amhitiou wididi has Ijeon present to my mind axov since T entered tins ci'iinlry. ].'ei'ha];s ]ia\in,L,' dui'ing my first year visited t\u' jn.iritimo pvovincos, and ])la,nte(l ;i foot on ono Can.-idian ocean, I \vish(Hl to plant tho other foot ui)oa another Canadian oeoan during my second yea,r of olliee. T'lMliaps I was also tempted by tho faet that Britisji (Jolumhia is wiHiin niv experience tiie only country in the world with rei,'a!'d to which no \i ;ii;,r ha'; — to me, at any rate — ever complained that his experience fell short of his expectations. (Loud aj^plause.) 1 i:!;ed not, however, weaiy you fiirfher with explanations of tlm reiscMis whirh led me to conie, anian coast and that I was actaia.lly to travtd over a considerable numlier of ndle; of Ib/itish Columbian 'ei ritory in the mountains, 1 nwidu up my mind that it would be distastefr. 1 lomeaiid iliseourti'ous t-o you if I did n(jt jiush on as far .as the e;ipital of (.he jii('\ ince. r mav, ] thiidc, com^ratu'.'.' e my>(ullerin, v ho.-;e nv.'mory 1 lhiid» is nr.t furt;ott"n here, (loud npi)lause) -if the numerous calls v, jdc!i the ]>id)lic .service niakes upon hiui ever allow him to take a rtui o\ei' the C V. 11., will be delighted to revisit Ib'iii.-^h ( 'oluiiiliia. In (he meanwhile I am .sm'e that it will be a pleasure to him to know that after ail the anxieties and doubts wliich we have gone through, Ins successor has at last made his way from Ottaw.a to V'ictoria without leaving Canadian territoiy, and, save for a few miles upon Canadian rails. Had it not been for an unfor- seen spell of bad v.eather the line would l)y this time h;ive been open from end to end. It has been a source of irreat disapnointmcnt to me that for this reason I sha.il Ije unalJe on my way back to Canada to take part in the laying of the last rail in accordance with the kindly wish which had b>rui expressed by tlie directors. Under the genial skills A\hich have lately shone oyov us the W(n'k will pi-ogress with re- newed rapidity, and 1 liavc no doubt wliatever that the time whicii lias to elapse before the gap is closed may now be nieasiu*ed, if not by day.s, certainly by weeks. (.Applause.) I well remem])er that it was said to mo when T was on the point of starting upon my journey aci'oss the mountains that the scMimery was such that man could not hclj) feeling himself very small when he found himself face to face with its grandeurs. There was a great deal of truth in my friend's observation, (hear, hear.) I cannot conceive any 9 'J ^ + 11 • > t) sicrlit inci'P iinMrf>''.'-ii\(^ i ti;ni t'h'H di liic •.■'I'l'it lir-Mci-.s uln'rh n.'iturc li/is inU-rpoiiod hcilwci'ii tliis j'-'cv iiu-c and iln' ri.st < t' i!;i> I N'lniiii iii. I'.iit, .sir, uhcn wc linvc; adinittcd this iiinv we nfit s;iv siKni'tliiii'' in ac- kiuiw Ifd'^Miioiit f)t' Hio dctccininfition niid tlio sl np'Unt.iiii t',l^1 Messes, ;inil in bridging those ragiiv^' torrents {Im 1 ;i]>[i!;im^i\) l'''>r my p^rt, whiio my llr.st f(>elinf,' di-^pose.s i.io to hnw my head ruvei-enl ly before the Rtuper!duons ninianiien<;4 v.-|iie!i tintiiro has orectod in these re^^Mons I feel iMHiiid to say soinethinL; for the entei-prise imd pei'sever.inco of those ^vho havccarriv.'d out this work, niidtlrried Iiyphysir;d obstacles, in a country thron^dmnt .1 great pai't ot' which vvcw the loot of the Indian liiinter has not left a traee. It ha.i given niG much [.)leasni'',' to f»bserve tlu? conrideiice willi which you pooj^lo look forwaixl to tht; i-e.milts whieh the eom[?letinn of tlio line is likely to aecoin[iliecially in regard to the latter. T\'.'. subject is one which has occupied my attention a good dc il since I have be'n in t!ie r>ominion, pivrlly iu c')nso([uenro of eiK'uiries which have lieen addi'cssed to mo by the Iniporial governtp.ent. The conclusion which ha;^ forced itself upon me is to the ei!'^:t that tlioi-e is in progn-es.s a very considerable and a'arming shrinkage in tlie tiie.ber supply of the woi-kl. The tind)er producing countries of the old world are (|uitr' unable to supply the demand made U['On Ihem. The forest regions of the great republic which adjoin us ha\e, unless vro are misinformed, (T spealc of course subject to correction in the presence of Colonel Stevens) been depleted to such an extent that (ho visilile supply will not last for more than a very limited nuujbcrof years. In old C'jmad.i the dev;ista- tion occasioned by forest fires, and I nni afraid tiie somewhat reckless use which has l)een made of our forest resources, have (^-nuded vast districts and compelled those who are intei-ested in thelnmlier industry to bring down their lum])er from districts more and more remote from the centres of distribution. After a full review of all the information which 1 was al)lc to collect, I came to the conclusion that in this province akme the Dominion had still a source of timber supply upon which no serious inroad:i have as yet been made. (Applause.) I shall not re;!dily forg(>t the impression produced upon my mind by the sight of the huge stems through groves of which I rode day after day on my 'p'lssage over the mountains, and I do not hesite.te to say that your hillsides are able to produce a supply v.iiich if wisely adnuuistered should for years to come bo a source of wealth to the pro\ince. (Ap])lause. ) Tlicro is ,11. '.dun' r('.s|n'(C in \vlii«li I tliink yon will hp l!ii<;t' i » benotitt^'il \)y thu iiiiprdvcd ruiimnmic.'itinii aUniiUMl to y<»ii. I iiiu undiM' tlio iiiiprf'ssion tJiut tVoiii lliis tiiiiu ftntli Hio tide ot' srtt It'iiiciifc is likrly to flow witli ^'rcat i-ajiidity t(»\vards your country J»otli fVoiu tlio old \V(»rld find t'i(/Ui other parts of tlio J)nnniiioii. In this in oil hav.norin( s of a Canadian winter, its severity is not in- consistent witli t he -growth of an uetivo and vi^'[>lausc), and for myself I may say that, I have sullerod more from the damp winter climate of the Old World tiian from the l)ri,!,diter and drier cold of tlu) New. Jt is, howe\er undonli(f(ily the ease that many settler.; arc detei-red from comin;^ to Canada by their kru)wle(lge of tho rif^or of its winter climate, and when once it liecnmes known that an emij,'rant can arrive here in h^ss than tliree weeks from tho date of \\vi departure from Liverpool, and find on his af^ival sueli a climate as yours, you will I think have plenty of oeeu})ants for your vacant lands. With regard to your climate T have indeed only one complaint to make wliieli is that some of your represt ntatives in rarliament at Ottawa arc a little unfeeling in their conduct towards those whoso place of lial>ita(ion is less foi'tunately circumstanced in this subject. These genthimen are generally good enough to call upon me in tho month of February, by which lime the thermometer usually registers some 30' below zero, and when the ground has been for three months buried under a good many feet of snow, and I tind that as a rule, after divesting themselves of their fur coats, they make' a point of explain- ing to me that tlieir lat(>st advices from this p-rovince inform them that exotic plants of all sorts and descrijitions are already blossoming in your gardens lu^i'e. (Creal, laughter.) So much voi" the provinee. iiui., sir, I think the oomplcti(^n of the railway is likely to prove of the greatest advantage iM the whole Dominion. (Hear! hear!) The great ditliculty with which the Dominion has to contend is her own size and the extent of the terri- tory over whieli iier population is scattered. There are peojile who have asked themselves whetlier Ihe heart at (^tt;iwa is likely to prove strong enough to pump blood into such remote extremities. I tiiink we may say with contidence that in your case if the blood was to bo pumped througli tiio veins of a foreign lx)dy — if intending settlers in tho country, vi,-,itor.-; attracted by your scenery and members of parliament coming and going frojn the discharge of their oliicial duties, were to be obliged, as they arc now, to tiiko a fortniglit's Journey by way of tlie United States, the ciroulation in your limbs would have proceeded but indilT'erently (hear! Jiear !) And gentlemen, if what T have said with regard to tiie interests of the province and of the Dominion is true it is not less true that tho <» V # V 13 \s holo (Miii)iro has a stakf! ill tliis ire to ho (h'ffn(h'(i in the hour of nt't-d .' How arc wc to scciiro that su|tr(Mnacy at sea \vhi<'h has so h>tiu' hccn oiir.s/ '\' > what extent may \m) count on (lie c'(tlotiies and the < nlonir.', (ni n.> ,' Tlicsc arc uuestions which a?'c hcitii' a. kcd day hv day at home and ahroad. ^du !iavo here a nayal stali(.n likely, 1 think, in time Lo hee. ( Ap]>laiise,) You have a eoal Kujiply sul1i<'ient for .all the na\ ies of the w.u id. "^'ou Jiavc a liiui of railway - pari of which I liad the pleasure of ".isitiriij to-(hiy — which is ready to hrinf^ th.it cojd up to the harbor of l"]s(iui- malt You Nvill shor-tly h;ive a ^^'raviiii,' dock, capaliU? of accommodat- ing all l)iit one or two of tlu^ lar^'est of Jler Alajestys sidps. You havo, in short, all (he conditions recjuisitc; for the erealiou of what I Itelievo is spoken of as a p/act' (/'(triih's. lint, sir, it is unneeessai-y for uic to jrjint out to you (hat if that ji/ticp ({'aniiif^ was t(» remain inac- cessible except by sea, and cut oil' from the rest of the .10m}»iro, its use- fulness as an addition to tht; imperial defences ndi^dit unly for us all, comes at a moineul when public attention at home and in the coloiues is beini,' tcfnerally directed to these imperial questions, and Avhen tho relations of tho mother country and her <,'reat self-gcnerning colonies are enga.ijin^ the earnest attention of all thoughtful men. And, sir, it is not too much to say, that there never was a moment when it was possible to look with more satisfaction to the temper in which those relations are being discussed. 'I'hose relations Avere never characterized by a greater amount of c(jrdial feel- ing and mutual respect than they are at present. Tliese sentiments are not of a temporary character or duo to accidental circumstances, nor are they peculiar to any party or class within the Ih-itish com- munity. The colonial policy of Great Britain is altogether (jutside of the disturbing influences of party politics. AN^e are, as you know, ki't'h |n»lit jriaiis jil, hoiiic, iiii'l juirty f'cliiif; iiiiis pretty stroriLj'y with us (IS it (loi't!iiicf, wliicji i.s |ii»'i)iirft| to piofcis iiKiiireiriii'o to i iif ni|oiii;il liiiipii'i' or io iiinkt' p;iity ui)>il.il out ot' our cu'.oni.il I'i'l.il ion v (linihl jippliHi "'. ) We liiivo l.iti'ly Ii.'mI soiuot liiiijLj likt.' a po'ilir;il tl'.ili-.l'oi iii.il loii scciM ;it ii'-iui.' iiiul ,'iii IIIH'X jK'ftcd and -lior('S. J'.oUi siil»!s aro ('(iiially sound upon tlif ii.ldiiial «]ii(', ( ion, and ai'luainh yoii liaN(* Ijcon wali'lan;^ I'crcnt evfnIsuL \\'c,,hiiini.-.l( r willi i.lio in(('lli;,f<'nt intrrt'st w Idcli you U'i'l in nil (li it Coin ci'ns I lie forhiiii's uf I lie iiicillii'i" coiiiihy, you can In- conli- driit ( liat as faf as you arc youi'.-cUrs innccfncd (liu dctlii'oi.cnicnt (jf one party and I lie ;iiii\ al if aiiollicr in iis place in\ol\cs no i'lian:;e >vliii>li iircil HI 1 he slii'ldi'st (li':'i'cc allci I voursclxcs. A •iTcat (.•lian'i'O lias come over pulilic feeling at lioinc as to our coloninl eippire. .1 rc- iiuMidici- rcadini; ii .'•pcccli d( !i\ cred iiol Ion;:; fi;.,o by l.or.l I )ia liy upon tlii ; suliji'cl. I Ic pointed out and I lliiik \sitli nnicliirutli and force tli.,( (liere liasc liceti (luce wed liiarked periods into w Idi'li flic history ('f oiu' dealni''s with ( In- >l;rcat idlunirs inav lie divided. J>uiin'' tlio lii'st of tlicM' jtcriods (iicat iWilain a(lnlini.^UM•l d tliem for its own Fcllisli (>nds, rcy;ardin'_c tlicui as so many ouilcts for llritisli counncrcp, Jind rjiidiiiL,' tlicir allairs witln ut rcfcrciut' to (iic pnscut necessities or tilt' pioli.dilc future rc\crest'enci>s whirh, .as far :>> V t' N\cie coiKi'fliid, liiiuht liO Butl'crcil with fccliii'^-: of e^iumiinit \- to drop oil' uhencvcr it nn;;ht suit thciii to do .so, fii.in the p;ucnt trunk. " Thc^c wnt^licd eolunies," said .Mr. I >isi ,u li. writinu- to Loid .Maliucsliury in 1^.'):!, ••will ad be independent in a t'cw ycais. ;ind aic a nnll-tiMic arouiid *.iur necks.'' I am old ciu>i:l;!i to rcmciabcr the time m hen feclinj,'s of this sort were prevalent c ioii;^li in the old count ry, a'th ni,di at this moment tliere are prob.iblv ti'w person-; v ho entcrt.iia the;a. and fewer still v.ho woidd care to expriv^s ilieai if they did. L' rd r>er.oonsheld tnwards the clost> oi Ids tcmarkabic caret r wo,iId certainly itave b- en the 1: st jierson to do so. .\; tlie pri scjit time wliether you turn to the speeches of C'onserv.itivc leaders or to ihose of I'acdcals like Mr. C'handierlain with his bold concep;ion of an Kn;:lish ileiueoracy niarchini; shoulder to slundder all over the world, yen will tind no uncertain note as to the futu'c of our t\>loin,il Umpire. ^ Applause. > AVe have entered and are liNii.u; in the tliiidi jniiod tf the life cf tliat iinjiire, tiie period i^f intelli::ent r.i'.d reasonable partnership betwt-en the mother country and the colonies. Under that partner-ship there- ' 1.*) I MVc yniwii iiji s iiliiiifiil> lit' iiiMliiiil ill t;irliiMiit iiii'l nr>|i('(i .s(t htlUIIIL; t lillt llliiny *>t olll' ll|i>>t I luill!.'lilllll htah'.sliii'll Ili'H- ;i|ii| ut liniuo liiivc Ikcii It'll ((I »\|ir('s-< 11 (Itsirr, iioi U>y ulirt rmiii ili" ic-iiniisiliililics uliicit iilliicli to a coliiiiial ciniiii')', I'lil U>v u siiil <-I"m'I' imidii lliiiii (Iml Nvliicli ii< w exists, mill tor it nioic liiulilv dt \t|it|iri| loi ni of as.snri.ilioii, M. tiJllii of :is.»i rial ioh I'lSlilim liH M' lliaii at |tir-iiil \i|ioii cilil lad iial tii>s, ilcliuiiiu' Nxitli ;,M'nitM' (({..liiictiicss iju' ilmiis ainl lial'iltir.s iiinl IIm! jil i\ ilessimisl \iew of the slate ol tl.iliiis which lliey wish In ha\e altered. 1 I a\e seen this lemh iicy illustrated in a eerions lashion. I li ul the pltasiire of n'ading, not loiii; a^o, an interesiinL;- article in n )e\i( w' jiiil lisiied on tl;e other side of tiie frontier. 'Jlie writer ad- \ai.cid leasoiis whicli weie cijncln.si\ e, in his opinion, hi fa\or o| a radical ehaii^ue in the relations of < 'aiiada and (deal, ImI .dn. ()iie ol tlioi-e to which most inoiiiiiieiice \',as i;i\en was this. I will state it in the writei's own woids: "Slid another class of disad\antii!,'es must I'C mentioned ;is a lesnlt of the coniieclion. TIh! l»omiiiioii isenahhd by heing a de]iendeney of (Ireal lirilain to hoi row laiye .'■iims of ne'ie y I poll lavei'altje lernis." 'lids thv aiillior \(i\ landidlv sa\s is ••cei- taiidy not regarded in Canada .as ti misi'oi tune, lait there is," he adds '■ j;oud lei.sun to tiiink that it is a n islortnne nevertheh ss." (laiii:!- tei.) So that the head and front of our oirendiiiii; is that your linaiice minister is, thanks to the J5iilisli connection, ahle to go to I omion and get money liilher helow I p( r cent. ( l.tiuuhtei .) The wiiter procei ds to e.\j»;itiate upon the distidvantages to whic:h Canada is liahle licm the fact tliat her eomnieicial ticalies are negotiated threugli the Ihilish foi'eigu ollico. J must s.ay tiiat 1 .sluaild iiardly liiixc regaid(,-d that as :i di.Siidvjinlago to the iJoniiniom ( Hear, hear, and Inaghler.) Siiienhirlv enoimli iluoii'dioitt hi.s hmn ntations J c.mnot find a sinijle IG refoivnco to the exi,->t('iu'0 of siicli a pprsonngo as the Canadian lii,L,'h Goi)niii>-siou(M', or to tlio fact that whenever eonnneivial ];eyotiat ions allectin'T the J)oiiiinion ;ii-c in projrress the ])oniii mvai lal) ly consu Ited (•\ (TV pr. and that, it is i lion <,'overninent is isiial to associ.ite tlie hiuh fonmn'ssiuiu'r l"r does not stop thei'c Is it nothing that in Avha(e\ei' jtart of ihe \v(jrld yon niay ilnd yourselves you may claim the jiiivileges of JJritish citizens (loud a[>p!ause), and expect tlie re- Rltoct and cons idei'ation wliieJi all over the world a Jii'itish subicct IS entitled to and will receive? Is it nothing tliat liaving as you have a growing trade and a largo commercial navy and an extensive coast line on two oceans, your trade, your navy, your coasts, are under the pro tecti(tn of lleets "wliich even the bittei'cst detractors are o})liged to recognizee as being su])erior to the Ih els of any other nation in the world ? Is it notiiing that the anIioIc of ijie resources of the British diploiiieiic service— a service of wliich ilie members in point of train- ing and eiliciency ai-e not surjiassed by the di[il(.)matic service of any other nation — is available for the i>i'omotion of your interests? Is it nothing that tlie highest tril)unal of the empire — a tribunal in which the most distinguished traditions rf tlie llritish jurisprudence are en- throned is accessiltle to you as it is to us? (Loud a])plause.) I ha\'e said nothing of the bonds resulting from a common oi'igin and history, a common language and literature, and fi'om jniblic institutions closely resembling each other, and gi\ingusan amount of freedom not enjoyed by any other conuimnity in the world. (A[>})lause.) All these are no imagin.-iry or inisub.stantial bonds of union, and their value is re- cognized botli liore and at liome. I say therefore let us before we attempt to alter and im})rove, at least take care that we realize the advaur.iges which tlie present state of tilings undoubtedly atl'ords. I>ut, gentlemen, when I say that, I hope you will not understand me as arguing th;it that state of things is in all resjiects iuca2)able of im- provement. I will in the lirst place take upon myself to say that if it could be shown that under existing arrangements the great colonies or any of them are not allowed a sulilcient opportunity of making their wishes known in regard to mattcM-s of Imperial importance, you will Ilnd nine ijiglishmen out of ten willing and anxious to improve those opportiiiiiiies. For my own part, I am disposed to think that many of us are unaware of the extent to which the colonies are already con- sulted whenever ([uestions aliecting their interests are at issue. You have on the one hand the representative of the crown in residence at the cajiital and in constant communication both with your ministers and with the government at home. You have on the other hand the official rc'itresentative of the Dominion living within a stone's throw of the colonial ollice and in constant communication with it. Whetiier you would impro\e very much upon this arrangement by, let us say, the atl mission of a few Canadian deputies to an Imperial parliament I 17 nafli;iii ]iile to lliid t IkmhscIvcs outvote 1, (!V(mi u|»ou sulijccts of the i!;reat- est iui})ortance to their own country, liy nu iidnTS troiu thi,' uthcr [Kirts of the ciupiic, I do uot feel al all suie. There is one other jiroposition I will venture (o make, Mud tliiit is, that I should N'iew, and 1 cinnot hel|» tliinkin;^ th(i iicophi oi'i'atrida would \ie\\', witii iIh; oreate.-t susjiii ion any prujiosai liaxini;' for ils ob- ject what niiiiiit lie desciil. rd as the alliliatiou of tli<- hon.inion to the old country in i'c,Lr.ird to ils liscal s_\steni. Vou (aijoy at present the widest ni('asur(; of inile|ieudenee in rei,'ai'd to the nrina^enieiit of your own iinancial afl'aiis, and I l'elif\'e that tin re are {'< w piivileges more valuable in )u\ir eyes. As far as I am aware tlieonly iiinits which the old country iias souuht to impose uj)onyour conijileti; ticedoni of action in this respect are two, that you should re-pect tiie treaty obligations which are binding on the whole empire, and that your taiiif .'-ysteni should not, to any ap]>t\ t-ialle extent, deny to the moiher c.mntry any advantages conferred on a forei'^fu power. Within these limits the most complete discr(>ti(jn lias lieen cliee; fully conceded to you, and I am not afraid to confess that 1 should n-gaid with ap))reliension anv attempt, howexer well meant, to invent a iinancial system which should be applicable to all the dillerent puts of the ibitisli empire, with their vaiying and, I am ajiaid, sometimes incompatible inteiests. The only other proposition which I should venture to utgc is this, that if there is any point ai which we may reasonalily hope to ii;ipr:'>x; the conditions (d" the partner>-idp alreaily existing lietween tlie o 1 countrv and he)- ccdoiues, that jioint is to iie f ;uud wli.n we com<' to a consideiation of the de:'ci;ces of the Jbitish en.pire. 'i'hat is a question which recent events have ln'ought proudnently umieiour notice. How do we stand in regaid to that fpicstion ( We must, in the tiist, jilace, l)ear in nnml that the Imperial tiovci'nucnt has placed noon i-ecord ii formal admission of its lesponsiliility i'ov the defenc i)f Canada from foieign. r.ggression. That is a ]»ledge Jrom which it, has neNcr sought io recede, but if it is to be fullilled it appears to me to carry with it, a correlative obligation on the |»ai t of the colotiies to do wdiat lies in tlieir ])0wer to strengthen their own local detences, and \o place tlieir forces in a. condition litting them to bear their pail in any great im}ierial emergency. 1 am Itound to say that nothing cotiLl be more satisfactory than tlie ^attitude of the great dependencies of the empire in regaid to this (pm.s- tion. It is one of the most Ait.d importance to the empire. It is one in which this ))art of the Dominion, situated as it is, lias a V(My especial interest, and I ilo iKjt know any (piestion more deserving of earnest con^ideratifn by the irovernmeiits both of the Dcuuinion and of tlie J'hnpir<'. (Applause.) \\'c on our siile have admitted witlior.t any reserve our responsibility for 3'our (h-fence. You on your side are, 1 believe, ready to second our efforts, and more especially in regard to \our local defence to uu'lertakt' s) much of this lial)ility as ]>roperiy 18 belongs to you. Hut, Sii-, tho^^e -,u(.stions rannnf K» \ u , .i ■ tion and impulse of the /nouun^t.' T ov a'; r.H.o . ' ^'f '"'P"** every o.ie of us is hounrl to .nv. I, L ' i '"' "^'f ^''^ *^ ^^''"«h above all in,portant that they'' o. M ! fl. u"" '^"'•"•^'^*^- ^^ ^« colonies themselves, becau e you v '''^7'^".^^'*'y .^^nsulerocl in the with these question's it w 1 h^ he /sirf^f tl^e'T^ '' 'Y "^ ''^'^'''''^ to act with ynn and ,iot in snifP nf f . Trnpenal -ovenunent conduce to the r eUle .e / I a 1^ T- ■''^■'^* ""^^^'^".^ ^^^^ «« "'"eh which you vouvs^lveTX:^ ;V ^^^ ;^:'rX ^ ^^-^l^es of that ects .vill he considered bv vou nlf -i, I '"''^ ^^'''^ ^''''^'- ^^b- of a deep convictio a7the untty Jtlle '^-"V"'^^^- .^'- ^-'1— e and that f.on. one .end of it toX^otl e^rilik^"'^^^ '^'T''"'^^ serving for those who are to corns Xr 1 ,I "^.^f'^^ted ni pre- whicli the enrage and enternr se of^,r " "^■'^-"'['^^"t heritage ourselves. (Gre^t appla ;^o ^ Predecessors has secured for ■A ^ I ;lio inspira • to which hfc. Tt is red in the in dealing )voniinent 11 so much (^s of that these sub- ! influence reserving, ;ed in pre- ; heritage L'cured for f Lord Lansdowne in Manitoba BANQUET IN WINNIPEa. HIS EXCELLJ'JXCY'S REVIEW OE HIS TRIP THROUGH Till': XORTL'-U-EST. On Tliursflay, tlie 22nd Oeto1)cr, His Excellency the Govoi-nor-General visited St. JJoniface, ^Manitoba. Addresses from Archbishop Taclie and clergy, the town, the convent and the college, were presented and suitably re])lied to. The party having returned to Winnipeg, a dejeuner in honor of His Excellency took place in the Koller llink, which was handsomely decorated for the ot'casion, and around tlie walls were appropriate mottoes, including "God Save the Queen," "God bless the Prince of Wales,'' " Winnipeg Welcomes His Excellency," " Happy Homes for Millions," " I'ncourage Immigration," " C P. K., Atlantic and Pacitio." Mr. C. J. Bi-ydges presided. The guests included Lieutenant-Governor Aikens, Archbi.sliop Tache, Chief Justice Wall- bridge, the Bishop of Pvuperts Land. In reply to the toast of his health His Excellency spoke as follows : THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL'S SPEECH. INIr. Chairman^ Your Honour, Ladies and Gentlemen: — The magnili cent reception with which you have welcomed me buck to Winnip^'g, the appearance of your thoroughfares last night, the illumiiiatio!! of so matiy of your public Imildiiigs and i>ii\ate i-esidences, and last, but not least, this splendid entertainment, have left a very deep impression upon my mind. Permit me to add that if anything was wanting to give completeness to that reception 1 have found it in the eloquent remarks which fell just now from Mr. Consul Taylor. (Applause.) Ijct me befoi'e 1 go furtlier thank him cordially for what he has said; Icfc me assure him that no ambition is nearer to my heart than that wliih; I have the honour of being connected with the j^ublic affairs of- the Dominion of Canada, its relations with the gi-eat Republic -.vhiih 80 1 adjoins us may V)e of the most int 'mate and amicaV)lc character. (Ap- plause.) Let mo, too, coriohorato what he hastohl you as to the action of tiie (Jijvernment of the United Stales during the somewhat c-i'itiral period through Avliich wo passed during tlie present summer. 1 am A'ery giiul that he has given me this cjiportunity of puhlicly ae- i^nowlcdging (jur obligations to Jiis Goveriunent in this resju;ct. Let me uhso join with liini in expressing my liope that the nogotiations unw in progr(!S3 between the Dominion and the Govcrriment of Washington tor a renewal of commercial relations — negotiations which 1 hclicxo have been entercxl upon in a K])irit of the utmost conrnlenco and good will on Itoih sides — may be cai-ried to a successful issue. JNIr. Chainiian, your city had already given me its formal w(!lcome as I was passing through it on my way westwards. No w.int of respect would have been sliown it you had let me pass througli Winnipeg the second time unnoticed and unhonouied. You have, howe\er, given me on my return from a holiday trip, a w(,'lconie which a victorious general would not have despised. J>ut, sir, the explanation of this action on the part of the citizens of Winnipeg is not difticult to seek. They felt tliattheirloyalty to the Queen required something more than those formal manifestations which usage had consecrated, and it is for that I'eason that last night and to-day you have met the Queen's representative with these remarkable manifestations of your good will. (Great ap- plause.) In your kindness to mo there is perhaps a slight element of cruelty, f"'" T feel entirely unequal to the task of saying anything to you worth )f the occasion. I )nay sn./, indeed, that during the few weeks that Jiave elapsed since I last had the pleasure of meeting you I have tra\elled over so much ground and encountered such a number of novel exjioriences and excitements that I feel as if I .stood more in need of the quiet retirement of my study than of an opportunity for making public speeches. I am afraid, therefore, that everything which 1 am able to say to you this afternoon must of necessity bear traces of being somewl'at imperfectly digested. It may, liowever, interest you 'to know how we have been spending our time since we saw you last, and if you care to listen for a few moments to what I fear will amount to a Iwre and unornamented enumeration of the different stages of our journey, I am quite ready to make it. I shall be content if the know- ledge that it is possible to see so much that is wonderful and atti-active within a few days inspires some of you with a desire to follow in our footsteps and to know a little more of the marvellous country which is yours. Our first object after leaving Winnipeg was to visit the two branch lines which, leaving the main track at Winnipeg and Portage la Prairie respectively^ traverse the northwestern and southwestern portions of this province. We travelled to INIanitou by the one, and for a few miles beyond Minnedosa by the other. Let r.o, in the first place, say how glad I am to find that the construction of those branch railways i I i I 21 tor. (Ap- tho action lat critit'iil (T. I am il'licly ac- b. Let nie )ns iKiw in 'asliiiiLjton I l)('li(!\e ) and good .v(;]coiiif! as of rospoct iiiil)e,:,' tho mivcn me us ifoneral action on Thoy felt lose formal l\at reason esentative Great ap- ileiiient of lytliini); to ig the few ing you I nunibor of e in need w making which 1 traces of erest you you Inst, II amount ges of our A\e know- [ittractive )w in our which is ^'O branch la Prairie artions of 'or a few )1ace, say railways is proceeding so satisfactorily. P.rancli lines of railway are alsMhit^ly necessary if the resources of this country are to ho properly developed. (Cheers.) They are as neccs.sary to the main line as limits are (o tho human trunk. That is a conclubion which I tliiuic your own people have expressed pretty distinctly on many occasions. It is indeo I per- fectly obvious that tlie luiest wheat landin the world will bo next cloor to valueless if its distance from a rail\s-;iy station is so great as to im- pose what is virtually a prohibitory tax upon every bushel of grain which is carried to market. Travelling alou'' both of tliese lines and again in the neighborhood of Brandon, I saw a greater extent of iirst- rate arable lanil thnn it over had been my good fortune t') look u{)on before. (Cheers.) 1 do not mean l)y this to say that all the land through which we passed was of the same iirst-rate quality. There wns, on the cor^ti-ary, and particularly in close proxiniity to the ti-acks, u hiv-'h often followed gravelly and comparatively unproductive ridges, a good deal of thinner and apparently poorer soil. A great deal of it, however, is of extraordinary richness. I mny also observe that at some point.*^, and notably iu the neighborhood of Minnedosa, there is u)uch aurceabh,' scenery and undulating land relieved by copsewood ami lake, and likely to prove attractive to those who object, as some settle!- ^ pi-ol>;!.bly will do, to the monotony of tho flat prairie. During oui ■ Jiney through these districts I had tho opportunity of meeting and conversing with a considerable numljcr of the settlers, and was glad to lind thi-ni, almost Avithout exception, hopeful and full of faith in the future of their adopted country. We heard, it is true, a good deal wiih I'egard to the injury done to the crop by early fi-osts, and there can be wo doubt that in certain districts that injury has been serious. T do not, however, belioAe for a moment that this ob.^^tacle, of Mhich I do not wish to un- derrate the importance, is going to be fatal to the culti\ation of wheat in this province. That i.s, I thiidc, the opinion of the settlers them- selves, and 1 nuist say that I was delighted to tiiid that, even where the injury was greatest, those who had sullered by it, far from admitting that this ditliculty was an unsurmountablo one, werverely in some districts, We must recollect in the lii'st }»lace. that it liy no means follows that, because there has been early frosts during the h- t 22 three sciisoiis, tlioy will nlwnys recur at tlie same tiiiio of the year. We have lately had in the Old Country four or live wet summers in suc- cession, l)Ui. no one liclievt^s for a, moment that tlu'V will continue for -an indelinite time. There is no disti'ict in the world in which a,:,'ricul- ture is not pui'suod suhject to some drawhaeks, and it is proliahh; that in thi^ country thei'e will always bo a cei'tain amount of injury from this particular cause. The whole matter, however, lit^s within a very smal! com[)a.-,s. A fortnij^dit's earlier maturity, whether obtained by the selection of a diU'erent variety of j,'rain or by earlier sowing, wouhl, 1 fancy, p't rid of the trouble altogether. The visitations of the frost are also, we must remember, very partial in their character. We saw many s;uiiples of first-rate quality grown, on the lands adjoining those where the damage had been greatest, nnd T have heard the o])inions ex- pressed by some gof'tl judges tliat, as the area of cultivated land in the country increr.ses, and the sub-.soil becomes more generally broken iip, we shall IJnd that the land will become di'ier, and consequently more aTul more fi-ee from frosts. It is also to be borne in mind that in many cases the gr;'.in whi<-h liad sulVered most has b(>en gi'own upon newly broken laml, upon which, after the sod has been thoroughly pulverized by one or twonioie croppings, we m;iy fairly expect to see the berry ripen earlier than it does at ])r(^sent. We should at any rate not allow our.seh'es to be ovei'-frightoned. (Applause.) I may say that I think a good deal of responsibility i-ests upnu those who, having been unlucky in this respect, at once write to the newspapers, representing this country as a frost bitten ■wilderness, and warning intending settlers corjtiiig near it. This jiart of the Dominion has indeed been injured seriously both by those who take a much too Ldoojiiy, and those who take a much too sanguine view of its prospects. I scarcely know which does most mischief, the false impression, created by hasty generalizations, founded upon exceptional cases, such as those which I have described, or the over-colored accounts of the advantages enjoyed by settlers in the North-West, whii-h one sometimes reads - (lieai-, hear) — and wliich rejn-esent your prairies a.s possessing a soil and climate such as those which the ancient poets ascribed to the Islands of the P>lest, where the earth bore its fruit without the husbandman's toil, and the vineyards flourished untouched by the pinning knife. A\ e cannot indeed form any estimate of the future of wheat growing in this country witlunit the utmost caution. The fall in the prices of wheat, which, I hope, tcjuched bottom last year, must inde(>d have caused many of us to j'xiuse and ask ourselves whether the time might not come when, in the face of such prices, it would become impossible, even with the finest soil in the world, to grow a bushel of wheat at a remunerative prico. If you care for my (i}>inion, I will give it to you for wjiat it is worth. I am inclined to think that for some time to come the pi-ice of wheat is likely to rule low, probably not much higher than it does at ]U'esent. That is, however, a state of things wliich f i i 28 )f the year. mors in suc- 'oiitlnue for licli aj,'i-icul- 'obablo tliat injury from itliiu a very Dbtained by ing, would, of tliG frost ^\^e saw lining those )|>inions ex- aiul ill the broken up, ently more at in many ipou newly jniKi'i'izocl ' the l)t'i-ry 3 not allow lat I think Ml unlucky nling this ng settlers en injured those who now which alizations, described, »y settlers ear) — and nate such the Blest, 1, and the growing in of wheat, re caused night not npossible, •heat at a it to you e time to ch higher gs which must in time pass away. The relations in which the demand for, and the supply of, this great staple of human food st;ind to eacli other, must inevitably fluctuate from time to time. Sometimes there Avill be too many mouths to feed, and not enough food to put into them ; sometimes, wlien great additions are suddenly made to the food pro- ducing area, the supply increases sud(l(!nly and altogether outstri{>s the demiuuk That has i)eenthe case within the last few years. Fi'(ftn the Westei'n States of America and from British India enormous supplies of wJicat, grown probably at a very small prodt, have boen poured into the markets of the world. There are several considerations of which we should not lose sight. In the first place the numljer of mouths ia always increasing, and for the present at all events there is nothing to show that the increase is likely to be arrested. The time must come when, to some extent, at all events, the demand must again tend to overtake the sujiply. I was told the other day upon excellent authority, tliat at the present time the United States consumStates producing between 12 or 13 busluds, upon land which has been mercilessly cropi)od for a great number of years, 1 do not thinlc the Canadian nee(l have, mucli anxiety as to the result. (Cheers.) 1 have seen it said, on what I believe to bo excellent au- thority, tiiat in piirts of I'ritish India, which next to the United States sends us our lai-gest supply of wheat, the crops have lately been grown at a cost which is baix'ly repaid by the prices obtained for them. It i? therefore not too much to say tliat with al)undance of fertile soil, with every scientillc api>lianco for its cultivation, and with easy access by railway to the great centres of distribution, your farmers are pretty well provided witJi the conditions of success, and I shall be surprised, if before ten years arc over, the terrors of low prices and early frosts do not become things of the past. (Loud applause.) But, gentlemen, my engine has got oil' the rails, and I must resume my journey or I shall detain you too long. We spent a quiet day at the tlii'iving little city of JJraudon, of the neighborhood of v, hich I had yesterday another opportunity of seeing something, and we then paid a visit to the Bell Farm at Indian Head, where we spent a very pleasant and interesting day. I do not think I need inflict upon you an account of all that we saw there — iirst, because it has rdready been described fully and accurately by many other visitors ; secondly, because I do not think that any arguments founded upon the experience of the Bell Farm, where wheat growing is carried on under conditions, and with appliances and facilities ^or a. .'ss to the railway, not by any means tfenerallv enioved by jNIanitoba fai-mers, would bo worth much as bearing upon the general question of wheat raising in this country. (Loud applause.) I should, moreover, be sorry to look forward to a future for this country, in which it shall become nothing lietter than a huge wheat held upon which the human beings would not be much more numerous than tho self-binders. I say this because, in the Iirst place, wheat growing is i A ii.W ...J iit think , where 'es and n joyed 4't'ueral sliould, try, in uj)on in tho ving is t i 25 not farmin;^' in tlie proper sense of the word, and, liowever great tho fertility of the soil, I <|uesti(>n whether thrre is ar.y whieh \\1!! stand continuous wheat piNKJuction \\ ilhout eventual di-terior.itinn. It' I had to describe tho future whieh 1 should desire for your province, 1 should gay that 1 hope to sec it some day resemble a portion of the provimoof Ontario, throu<;l\ whiih I have lately had the jilcasuri^ f>t' traxcljini,', a district divided into faiwiis of a moderat" size, e(|uippi'd with cmnt'oiiablo honiesteada and dcoted to mixed fai .ning. (Loud applause.) Thero is no reason why the agricultural system of JIanitoba should n<.t como to resemble that of ^^^'^tel■n Ontario. From Indian Head wo made a pleasant e.\cur.--ion to the beautiful Qu'Appelle Lakes, whoro I was glad to lind a nuinbfr of bright and intelligent Indian lads receiving a goocl education under tho kindly guidance of Father llu!.;nniard. liCaving Fort (.>u'.Ap|irllo we regained tlio lino at Troy station after a ride which would liav(! been more agree- able if wo had not missed our way just before dark, and spent soiiio time in recovering it. I ha\ e often been told that 1 should be impressed by the extent of your prairies, and I must own that u[)on that parti- cular occasion they apjjeared to bo two or three si/.cs too large for our personal convenience. (Laughter.) Wo proceeded henco to iJegina and sj)ent a day .'Agreeably iit the Capital of tlie North- West Terri- toT'ies, where we recfdved a ■welcome not less cordial than that which your people have been good enough to extend to us. We then travelled westward until wo reached Dumnore, where we jftined tho new line recently constructed by tlie Gait Company to Lethbridge. Here we made ourselves acquainted with an industry, tlie development of which is likely to produce a very marked ellect upon the futiiie of this part of the Dominion. In the cllli's of Lethbritlge and the Aicinity there appears to be stored a boundless supply of excellent coal, which will bring warmth and comfcat to thousands of Canadian homes, and the discovery of which will go far to me(^t tJie criticisms of those who are in the habit of describing the North-West as ha\ing a climate of exceptional severity, without the necessary means of encountering it. (Great applause.) In this district alone there are, according to the recently issued geological report, some 150,000,000 tons of excellent coal a\ai]able. At Lethbridge we deserted the railway track for a time, and ex- changed the cars for what is to me a veiy much pleasanter conveyance, a good broncho horse. During our tirst day's ride Ave had, thanks to the courtesy of INIessrs. I. G. liaker k. Co., an opportunity of .seeing something oi one of their huge herds of cattle, and of the acts of prowess which their cowboys are able to perform with horse and lasso. We ended the day with a long and interestiiiLi; Tneeting with tlie JUood Indians, and we pitched our camp in a delightful spot not a ery far from their reserve. Upon the following day we pressed on, still on horseback, as far as the Cochrane ranche. We were now within sight of the magni- 2(5 ficoiit p.'uioi'aiiia of iIk- Itocky Moiintuins, aiul I Nvisli tlmt my powers of di*.sci'i{»Linii were su(lici«'nt to enable nie to givo you an idea of the Ki;i,'ht whifli met our eyes, wlicii a littU; Ixiforo sunscf wo. fouiifl i,MtlH'rt'(l iH'fore us ill a kind (.ut of thoso who havo to solve tin' ditli- culty of kcciiin-,' thcso uiif mueli east^ to ourselvei tiiat it was dillicult to believe that we had at last readied the summit of tho famous Kicking llorso Pass. I ougiit perhaps to refer in passing to two points of special interest which presented themselves at this stage of our journey. One of these is a magnilicent spring of mineral water of warm tein])eraturo and evil odour — (laughter) — possessing, I have no doul)t, valuable medicinal qualities, in which our party eujoyed one of the most luxurious baths which I ever took. I havo little doubt that the time will <'ome when our Canadian invalids will repair to J'anir in- stead of Ai.x. les JJains or Wiesliaden for the resloratiou of tlieir health by libations of sulphur water, and l)y the respiraLi.ui of pure mountain air, w hich I have always regarded as having more to do with the cure than any otluu- part of it. Tho sef.'ond point is the discovery in this *.eighborhootl of a seam of "very hi.i^h class coal which, I understand, more closely resembles the hard coal of conunerce tli.m that found fur- ther to the east. (Applause.) We now travelled down tho famous i(>mpo)-ai'y gi-atliont of 41 per cent, by wliieh t\\v, line descfMids the western slope of the Rockies, It will perhaps bo sutlicient if I tell you that we accomplished this part of our journey without even a momentary qualm, and with a steadi- ness and sobriety of movement which I never knew exceeded in my travelling days. The Kocky ]\[ountains once tra\ersed, tho ascent of the Selkirks liegins. It would rcquii'e tho language of a gr(\at poet or the brush of a gieat painter to do justice to the scenery which here surrounded us. 'J'his was to my mind the grandest and most wonderful poi'tion of our joui'n('y. I will not attempt tlio task of describing it, and I will onlv tell vou that at •this moment my feelings for those who have not seen these natural wonders are feelings of the deepest pity, feelings which I shall exchange for the most unutterable contempt if within a few months after the opening of tho line, they do not avail themselves of the faenlities aliorded to th(Mn for sei.'ing a region, the natural beauty of which I believe to be unsurpassed in any other part of the world. (Applause.) At this point, soon after leaving the summit, we again quitted the 28 cnrs and conimoTuod otir journoy ncross tlio rjap, ihv. Icii^'tli of Nvhi
  • n- yoiul all doiilit li.ivu I'ccii v(.'iy iiaitli sli'.rti'r had not tip' cvcci'tiuiially heavy riiiiil'all of t!io lute suninior in rnimy places furrifd down from tho hill-sides an almost coasclcss flow of clay and j,'rav(l and siM'iously rcjiardcd tho 0[ii'i'ati<)Tis of end of tho Columbia Jlivei" — a region within which tlio presence of deposit.-i of un- doubted richness has long been known. 'J'hese deposits have been already worked ton very considei'abh^ extent, but tlu; immense diflicultiesof trans- port and the prohibitory prices of all the necessaries of life ha^e hitherto been an unsurmountalile l)ari'ier in tho wa^ of the successful prosecution of this enterprise. 'J'here is every chance that the season of 188(5 will see a great i-ush of miners to these gold fields, and I h(Ji)0 a great ac- cession C)f wealtli and prosperity to tho town of h'arwell. (Applause.) I shall always consider myself fortunate in having becin compelled to ride on horseback by easy stages over this most interesting section of the line. New wondei-s are Tevealed at every tui-n of the road. Snow capped pinnacles of vast height and fantastic shape, great glaciers, precijtitous dills, raging torrents, tran(|uil lakes, while almost through- out the whole length of the journey theie ri.so on all sides trees, the like of which I had dreamed of but never seen. I shall never forget the spot in which our camp wns pitched on the evening of one of the two days which we s])ent in traversing the trap. Our tents stood at no great distance from the clear waters of a mountain lake, in a narrow glade surrounded on every side by cedars, not the cedars which wo aro used to in old (.'anada, but a variety to which tho botanists hav(> very properly gi\'en the name of (Jigantea, and \\hi(h tower 200 feet and more towards the sky. r»y the light of our ca\np fire it was possible to see these huge gray stems stretching upwarrls until they lost themselves in tho. darkness, reaching, for all we knew, to tho stars that twinkled down upon us from tho vault aljove, and this grove, the trees of which were probably 9 or 10 feet in diameter, was only a fair sample of tlie forest which, composed partly of these and partly of the beautiful Douglas fir and lu^nlock, clothed the hillsirles for miles on either side of us, In order to realize the importance of these forests we must remember that it is in British CoUnnbia alone that we have still a large tract of timber-be.aring country, upmi whicli as yet scarcely any impri'ssion has been madt^ either by lire oi- th" axe. r '< T I* 29 F^.iit nnr ovoiitful i iilf cjimo to nn Mid. .iinl wo foiiiid niirsdvr.^ otice nioii) oil tlio CiiiH iiiul tinvclliii;,' over tlio <)ii(l»'r(lt>iik liiir uIuiil; tlie valley of the Tlioiiijisnn HiNcr towuids tlio I'acilic (/'oast. Wo had a delightful cruise on tho houutiful IShuswiij) lakiis, a voiit,d)l(! Ihitish Columhiiiii l\illani<'y. (Apj>laiis(>.) Wo Kjicut ono iii;,dit heir nnd a second at the pictuicscjuo littlo \ill!i;^o of Vah5 — ouo of Liu; lovdifst Bpots, where almost every thiii;^ is lovctly below us, until, ns the valley broadened out and revealed lon^^er and wid(>r .'.titjtehes of cultivalile land, we left it to strike tho salt water at lUirrard inlet, upon w hieh the terminus of the lino is to bo established. J ierc^ w»' tdtjk steamer and sailed for a f(3W hours over tin! fpiiet water's whiih divide tlu' main- land from Vancouver Island. I5ehind us rose th(^ hi;,di peaks of the coast raiiffo, before ns the niaj,'nilicent outline of the Olympian I\loun- tains, while far away to the south Mount liaker, with its In.dOO feet of height, loomed up distinctly in solitary grandeur against the .Muiset Bky.^ We arrived on the evening of tho Gth at Vi(;tori;i, the I'lsy and prosperous capital of the Paeilic Provinci^ of the l)(jminion. 'Jlu; next few days were spcnit in \isit3 to dillerent portions of the lsl;iiid, to Esquimalt, where the graving dock, destinetl to bo of so inucli service both to our imperial and mercantile navies, is making good })rogress, to Nanaimo, where we saw something of the coal mines so import- ant to this portion of the seaboard, and to New Westmiriister, the picturesquely situated mainland cai)ital of the province, it would bo idle for me to attempt to describe all tliat wo saw in this most attractive and interesting portion of the Dominion. There are, how- ever, two observations which I should like to make in irgai-d to it. The first is this, that we found the p(>ople of British Columbia with- out exception, full of conlidence in the results likely to be achieved by the completion of tho Canadian Paoitic Pailway for their province, and ready to forget the many disappointments and anxieties occasioned to them during the earlier history of the line, in the contemplation of the great advantages, material and political, which its successful con- struction is likely to bring to thera. Confederation will, as far as they are concerned, be henceforth, to use their own expression, a matter of fact and no longer of theory. (Loud cheers.) I would in the next place observe that if any sacritice has been made for the sake of Ijring- ing the Province of British Columbia into closer connection with the rest of the Dominion, that sacritice was well woi'th making for the 80 salco of Joining,' fo onrsolvos a ooimtry jwssessing sucli natural advc'iiit- agos and attractiniis as r.i'itish C'uluiiilaa. Its natural I'csourcos are considei'ablo. It has ininionso vcajth of timber, of minerals and of lish. Jn regard to its timber it lins, as I have already said, a larger area of untouclied timber lands than any otlier poi'tion of the eouti- nent. As to the lish I can perhajis give you the best idea of tlieir abundance l)y nient inning tliat salmon this summer were selling on the Fraser lliver at one cent a piece. (Applause.) Its scenery is grand and nnjostic, witliout sternness or severity ; its peaceful inlets fringed with varied foliage; its quit't w;iters alive Avith iish and fowl; its genial and equable clini;ite, resenil))ing in many respects that of tlie old country, i-etjuire to be known in Older to be appreciated. V/e may all of us, 1 thiulc, look with pride and satisfaction to the closer union which has now been brought about between ourselves and this most intei'csting })ortion of the Dominion. We now set our faces homeward ai^ain. Of our homeward iournev I need only tell you tiiat the scenery a{)peared to us even fin.er tlmii lie- fore when we sav,' it for a second time, and that we found the gap reduced in length by 20 miles during our short absence. We travelled rapidly over the prairie, spent an agreeable dny at]:>randon, and yester- day evening found ourselves in the hospitable city of Winnipeg, and receiving from its inhal)itants a I'cception such as I, for one, never expecteil to receive in my ollicial career. (.\p[)lause. ) I have told you, 1 am afi-aid in very trite and unimaginative lan- guage, the story of our wanderings. I have returned ivom them with inipi'cssions Mhich will remain indelibly impressed on my mind. Amongst these is, in tlio lii'st ])lace, that whicli has been left by the invariable kindness and attention which we experienced at the hands of all those with whom we came in contact during oui- juurney. From first to last we W( i-e received with an amount of courtesy and con.-iider- ation which added greatly to the pleasures of our travels. 1 must mention more especially in this connection the thoughtfulness and attention of the ollicers of the North-west Llounted Police who took charge of us during our long riilo over tlie prairie. Nor w{;re we les:-" fortunate in the arrangements made for us from the licginning to the end of our railway jle, lirst tor the location and afte-rwai'ds for the con- struction of the line through a country jiresenting such enormous dilli- culties. AVell, gentlemen, there was another thought which forced itself upon my mind during my travels. All this country over which we liave been passing, its natural resources and pliysical beauties, belong to tho Dominion of Canada. You are entitled to write the word Canada across the noi-thern half of this continent, placing, if you like, the letter C on Vancouver's Island, and the letter A on the Maritime Provinces. But, gentlemen, the nuqi is, after all, merely a geogra})hical expression. (Loud applause.) It is impossible to look upon this continent now sparsely inhabited by a few million of human beings >vithont reflecting how small ai'e the interests of the present compared with those of the future which lies before lis. Let us then keep our vision lixed upon that future, and let us remember how vast is the load oi responsi- bility involved by tho ownership of this great country. Its destinies are iji your hands. \)y the vigcn* witli whicii this nati(jnal enterprise — this national highway over which wo have just travelled — is being carried out, you have shown your intention of leaving nothing undone for the material and pi>litical consolidation of the Dominion. iJut the woi'k is not ended. The completion of the ( 'anadian Pacillc JIailway has merely supplied a condition without which that uork could not have been carried ou!: successfully. Confederation without the railway was not worth tho jiaper on .vhieh th(^ liritish North America Act wj-g printed. 15ut the railway will not achieve the results which you ex- pect unless from one end of the Dominion to the otluM-, your people endeavor by mutual consideration an 1 forbearance, liy the saciilice of all sectional interests, by fost<'ring a .lational s})ii'it, to ljii:d jtrovince 32 rt to province and city to city. If I could venture to give you advice I should s;iy, lot us all, let tho Dominion (Jovtn'nmont at Ottawa, the Froviiicial Government in each province, the municipal authorities in your cities, let every citizen in his own place keep before themselves a consciousness that the present generation is not here in order that it may shape the fortunes of the country for its own selfish ends or tenqjorary convenience, ((jlreat applause.) Let us bear in mind that we are trustees for these who will come after us, for the millions who will one day replace the thousands now upon the soil, that our first duty is so to regulate oar conduct at whatever point it touches the public alFaiis of the nation that when we are gone our successors may say of us that in the early days of the history of their country those who were in the position to mould its young destinies used with wisdom and foresight, and with a full sense of tlieir responsibilities, the tremendous opportunities which Proxidence placed within their reach. (Tremendous a]>plause). <. P k.r <; T# .'f *.f CJ