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BEING THIS copy WITH TOU TO THB MBBTINGk
(Subject to Revision.)
RESULTS OF MEASUREMENTS OF THE WiTER CON-
SUMPTION OF AN UNJ ACRE TED IGOO HORSE
POWER COMPOUND HARRIS-CORLISS ENGINE
BY J. E. DENTON, D. S. JACOBUS AND n. H. lUCE.
'.Members of the Society).
The engine under notice furnishes the motive power for the
Bristol Manufacturing Company's fifty thousand Spindle Cotton
Mill at New Bedford, IMass. It is of the cross-compound type
and of the following dimensions:—
Diameter higli-prepsure cylinder on n.,- • ,
Diameter low-pressure cylinder 'r\'n7r • , ^^*
Stroke of both cylinders ::::::;;; l-V^JolncIr
A^-erage clearance each end high-pressure cylinder, per" cent.' piston ^" '"' '^''
displacement ^
Avera;;e clearance each end low-pressure 'cylinder, ' p'e'r' cent." pl's'ton^' ^" '^''*"
displacement...
o.o per cent.
Each cylinder has separate eccentrics for the admission and
exhaiist .^Ives, respectively. The cylinders are unjacketed on
both the head an barrels.
The receiver between the cylinders is a cylinder 29 inches
diameter and 13 feet long, having an annular space about its
barrel which was intended to be used as a live-steam jacket,
ihis jacket IS not generally used. In the experiments here
described no hve steam was admitted to it, and it was connected
with the interior of the receiver; all drip pipes for draining the
jacket, and the interior of the receiver, being tightly closed.
The feed water was measured by a carefully calibrated meter
placed between the feed pumps and the boilers.
All of the steam generated by the boilers passed through the
engine, except a small portion amounting to 165 lbs. per hour
'Z^l^JL'l^P'^ ^^^^ th e^combm ed leak age from the blow-off cocks
♦Presented at the Montreal meetirg (June, T894)Tf" theTnierican" "s^Jd^^Tf
Mechanical Engineers, and forming part of Vol. XV, of the lYansactions.
2 WATER CONSUMPTION OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE.
and water-glass drips, 93 lbs, per hour, which was the average
amount used by a Barrus calorimeter, and a portion amounting
to 230 lbs. per hour, which was drawn from a dead end in the
live-steam pipe leading to the low pressure cylinder.
The first quantity was determined by collecting and weighing
the leakage during a certain time. The second quantity was
determined by calibrating the orifice of the calorimeter. The
latter quantity was determined by the calculation given on
page 3.
The detailed data of the test are shown in Tables I. to XIII.
The results ahow a water consumption of 13.50 lbs. of steam per
hour per indicated horse power with 125 lbs. boiler pressure,
0.30 cut-off in high cylinder, steam 14.6 degrees of super heated
at the throttle-valve, and (55.2 revolutions of tlie engine per
minute.
The feed water for the engine Avas drawn from the city supply
at forty degrees Fahr., and passed througli a nest of tubes, ag-
gregating 400 square feet of surface, lodged in a cylinder through
which the exhaust steam was discharged into the condenser. By
means of this exhaust heater the temperature of the feed water
was raised to 131.3 degrees. The feed water then passed
through a drip tank, in which it was mixed with the steam from
the dead end of the steam pipe, whereby its temperature was
raised to 142.7 degrees.
In the ordinary operation of the mill the condensed steam
from the slashers, etc., also mixes with the feed water in the
drip T;ank, whereby a temperature upwards of 160 "degrees
Fahr. is given to the feed water. At this temperatu: .. of feed
water the boilers, which Avere of the Bigelow-Manning type,
evaporate 10 ^ lbs. Of water per pound of Pocohantas bitumin-
ous coal.
The plant as a whole, therefore, affords the remarkable
economy of 1^ lbs. of coal per indicated horse power per hour,
with an unjacketed compound engine expanding steam about
thirteen times.
The writers are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Chas. C.
Diman, Superintendent of the mill, for the opportunity to teat
the engine, and for his cordial co-operation in dispensing with
the uae of live steam in the mill, during the period of the
measurements, for all purposes except the operation of the
engine.
WATER CONSUMPTION OF AN UN JACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE. 3
CALCULATION OF STEAM CONSUMED PER HOUR, AND PER HOUR PER
HORSE POWER.
The total weight of water registered by the meter in four and
one-half hours was 1529.1 x 64.70 = 9.s033 lbs., or 21985 lbs.
per hour. From this there is to be deducted the leakage of the
blow-off valves of the boilers, which amounted to 165 lbs. per
hour, the steam which passed through the Barrus calorimeter
and the steam which flowed from a dead end in one of the steam
pipes in order to prevent water collecting in the same. The
amount of steam returned from the dead end is calculated from
the rise in temjjerature of the feed water, assuming that the
steam is dry. This will give too low a correction on account of
the amount of moisture that may be present in the steam, but as
the whole correction is a small one the error involved is not of
importance.
The error involved by neglecting any moisture contained in
the steam thus returned to the feed water will be against the
economy of the engine.
The increase of temperature of the feed water due to the re-
turned steam was 142.7 - 131.3 = 11.4 degrees Fahr. The
heat units imparted to the feed water per hour will be 11.4
(21985 — X) iu which x is the amount of steam condensed.
Each pound of steam parts with 1221 - 142.7 = 1078.3 B. T. U.,
so that Ave have 1078.3 x = 11.4 (21985 - x), from which obtain
X = 230 lbs. per hour.
The amount of steam passing through the Barrus calorimeter
was 102 lbs. per hour. The calorimeter was in operation four
hours and five minues, so that the total steam passing through
it was 416.5 lbs., or the average rate was 416.5 -^ 4A = 93 lbs.
per hour.
The total amount to be deducted from the water passing
through the meter is, therefore, 165 + 230 + 98 = 488 lbs., and
the net steam consumed by the engine per hour is 2 1985 — 488
= 21497 lbs.
The steam per hour per horse power is 21497 -^ 1592.2 —
13.50 lbs.
CALIBRATION OF INDICATOR SPRINGS.
The standard of pressure for the springs used on the high
pressure cylinder was the Utioa Steam Gauge Company's
4 WaTEU consumption of an UNJACKETED COMIOUND ENGINE.
weight device, which as was stated in the paper on the Coinpar-
isoii of Indicators ] resented at the hist meeting of this Society,
was found to agree with the mercury column at the Brooklyn
Navy Yard.
The standard of pressure used for the low pressure indicators
was a mercury column, the reading of which were verified by a
distilled-water column in order to make sure that the density of
the mercury, which was the ordinary mercury of commerce, did
not vary from the standard figure.
The readings of the mercury column agreed precisely with
the readings of the distilled-water column, so that the density of
the commercial mercury was the same as for chemically-pure
mercury.
The same mercury was employed in the column used for
measuring the vacuum in the engine test as was employed in the
tests for standardizing the springs.
The general method of standardizing the indicators, and
calculation of the equivalent scales of the springs so as to allow
for all variations in the scales at different iieiglits on the dia-
grams, is the same as was given in detail in the paper on the
Comparison of Indicators alread}^ mentioned.
The results of tests of the springs are given in detail in tables
VII. and VIII., and the calculation of the equivalent scales in
tables IX. to XIII.
TABLE I.
FINAL RESULTS OP TEST,
Hort8 poT^er 1592.2
Steam per hour per horse power, lbs 13 50
Average pressure at engine throttle, lbs. per ^qua^e inch above
atmosphere 123.0
Average, superheating at engine throttle, degr?. Fahr 14.6
Average vacuum, inches of mercury. 25.6
Lbs. of steam per hour f High pressure j Near cut-off 11 .81
per horse power j cylinder. I Near release 12.02
calculated from in- ! Low pressure ( Near cut-off 10.95
dicator cards. ^ cylinder. ( Near release 11 . 99
Steam not accounted for at cut-off of high pressure cylinder, per cent. , 12.5
Revolutions per minute 65.21
Piston speed in feet per minute 783
Ilatio of expansion 13.4
Ratio of actual mean effective pressure to meun effective pressure for
Marriotte curve and two pounds back pressure 0.79
WATER CONSUMPTION OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE, 5
AVEHAGE INDICATOR DIAGHAMS.
lloud end of liigh-i)re8Hure cylinder. Thu steam accounted for by indicator ia
calculated at tho points A and Ji.
Spring D.— Equivalent scale, 60.39. M.E.P., 48.55. Horse-power, 407.6.
Crank cud of high-pressure cylinder. The steam accouuted for by indicator
is calculated at the points A and B.
Spring C— Equivalent scale, 60.13. M.E.P., 48.64. ilorse-power, 397.G.
Head end of low-pregsure cylinder. The steam accounted for by indicator is
calculated at the points A and B.
Spring B.— Equivalent scale, 30.61. M.E.P., 13.65. Korse-powcr. 397.4.
6 WATER CONSUMPTION OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE.
Crank end of l()sv-i)iossiirB cyllndf r. Thfl steiiui accounted for by indicator is
calculated at the points A and B.
Spring A.— Equivalent scale, 16.74. M.E.P., 13.50. Horso-powfr, 089 C.
Fig. 5.
C iTcssnrr n( Kiu-'n.' Throttle l?n lln. ntovc Atir.o. phcro
Combined Diagram of Iiulicator Cards from
L'lijacketed Compound Ilarris-Corllss
Engine
Dl.lmolcr of li. e. Cjl.— SiiiSS. DiamWrof 111. I'. Cjl.-
Slro.^e-72.00
I., p. Cyl— 60.UI6. PUIon K<xl« ) I.. I*. Cjl."-»}i
Tot.il Horse Power— 1592.2.
JE
Ratio of Expansion— ^-^j ="13.4.
Actual Area of Diagra ms
Theoretical Area A C BUE F A "
Steam per hour per H. P.— 13.50 lbs.
Clearance of High Pressure Cyl.= 2.6'^.
Clearance of Low Pressure Cyl.= 3.6;B.
WATER CONSUMTTION OF A"! UNJACKETLD COMrOUND ENGINE. 7
TAULE II.
NET AHEAS OF CTLINDERS AND nOHBE-POWKnS.
Net area
in HMiiare
incficH.
708.04
68t ;i7
(iOH.TO
Sirolcn t
nrt'ii • rcv-
oliitliinH
•¥ ;m,(k)o.
H.a(l4H
H.17:«
Iinri>o-
jMiwcr.
Illgli'prcHi'nre cylinder, lieiid end
407.6
II1l,'Ii presdiiro cylliiiier, crunic end
3117.6
Average and total
H0S.9
Low-jire»Hiiro cylinder, head eiid
a.iBS,54
2,48'I.Wi
W.llSH
aH.Hr>7i
3:(7.4
3H9.6
Average and total
8,444.71
787.0
Ratio of volume of low-presHiiro cy liiidrr to volume of lii;;ii-pri'HHiire cylinder = 8.50,
Total liorse-power = 80y.a + 787.0 ~ l,51t8.8.
TABLE III.
DATA TAKEN AT ENGINE.
Stkam PiiKssrnK in
TKMPKItATtIRK OF
Lhs. i'eu Squahk Inch
Vacuum
Steam 3 Ft. phom En-
Time
Pevolu-
AllOVB AtMOSI'UKKE.
in
inclies
of
gine, IN Dbg. Fahh
Super-
heating
lion
1
in
P.M.
counter.
In main ;
mercury
i>y
mercury
column.
Actual
Rendine of
d('i;ro('8
steam pipe
A ft. from
Receiver.
reading
of tlier-
tliormom-
eter for
Falir.
engine.
mometer.
satur. steam
1.00
030,588
123.5
14.0
85.4
363
.348
15
1.30
S)88,492
123
13.5
25.7
362
848
14
2.00
940,450
l-,'3
13.3
25.7
363
848
15
2. .30
W2,406
122
13.6
25.7
303
347
16
3.00
044,302
123
13.3
25.7
365
348
17
3.30
046,319
12a
13.4
25.7
368
348
15
4.00
948,277
123
13.5
25.7
361
348
13
4.30
950,233
123.5
13.6
25.4
362
348
14
5.00
!>rj>,188
123
13.7
25.4
301
348
13
5..30
954,143
123.5
13.4
25.3
862
348
14
Per minu)
B )
and
V 65.21
123.0
13.5
25.6
382.5
347.9
14.6
average.
H WATEn CONHUMITION OF AN INJAtKtTED COWlOtND ENGINE.
TAHI.P: IV.
DATA TAKEN AT noiuenn.
t.(X)j
•4AMI'
8.8(l|
4.()0|
4,3()|
5.(K)|
5.30
*i,4!i.')
3a.7r.i
;m,(»!i(
Aver- (
Watkr Lkvbw, in Inciibh
^,
10.010.0:11.8
15. 0.1a. .-i 18.5
10.0|ll..'Jiia.5
13.011.0 la.n
m.o :.o 11. s
ia.ft'10.0^ It. 8
11.3 la.o 14.0
10.011.5 11
10.5 10.5 15.0
11. a 8. 413. a
31,005
aa.oTfl.s
.3a,a47.c i
3','.4I8.1 I
3a,'.85 3
32,75.1.3 I
83.031.8 I
33,001.;; I
3.i,3«4.0 :
3a,43J.l I
-a
GB
178 5
imt.i
17(1.5
1«7.1
1H8.0
lOH.H
i«n.5
17?. r
170.1
Total] 1.689.1
♦ One Inch liolght In holier - 0,90 cubic foot rejfl Ut-red by meter.
1/
WATER CONHUMl^nON OF AN UNJAOKETED COMPOUND ENOINE.
8 6
«A
(1.5
r.i
8.0
H.ll
0.5
9.7
O.l
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W
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H
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3|
83383.-? rt.trt.t
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10 WATER CONSUMPTION OF AN UN JACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE.
TABLE VI.
CALCULATION OF 8TBAM ACCOUNTKD FOR BY INDICATO*" CARDS.
Time.
p. ;w.
1:0,5
1:30
•J:00
.'.')i,)
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:;W
.5:00
.5:30
Ave;nge . .
COT-(lFF IS
IllGH-I'llEsRlTUE
CVMNDKIUN
PBll CENT OF
SrilOKE.*
Ilend
End.
0.307
0.283
9.296
0.297
0.304
0.301
0.2'.!'.)
0.308
0.302
0.322
0.302 0.506
Crank
End.
0.300
0.'>„S,5
0.2i-0
0.301
0.288
0.289
0.294
0.307
0.283
0.312
IUTIO of WKT VOI.ITMBS OF CYLINDERS PIM.ED WITH STEAM
AT THE PkEs^SUIIES GIVEN MEIiOW.
■.299
Hig
li-presBure Cylinder.
Low-pressure Cylinder.
Xoar Point .f
Noar Point of
Near Point of
Near Point of
Car-'..fTEatlO,MI)s.
Release
it 40 lb?.
Cut-oft at 20 lbs.
Releaceat 10 lbs.
Absolut.
<! Press-
Absolute I'resH-
Absolute Press-
Absolute Press-
ure.
nre.
ure.
ure.
IHead
Criinlf
Head
Cranio
Head
Cranl?
Head
Crauk
End.
End.
O.,3.50
End.
End.
End.
End.
End.
End.
0.3.5,5
0.879
0.907
0.460
0.430
0.948
09.40
J. 321
0.325
0.809
0.854
0.446
0.412
0.9.34
0.861
0.3.50
0..32S
0.882
0.857
0.438
0.421
0.935
O.SfiO
0.345
0.340
0.871
0.884
0.4.38
0.412
0.9,30
0.856
0.353
0,340
0.900
0.866
0.431
0.428
0.983
0.936
0.349
0.337
0.862
0.830
0.446
0.402
0.968
0.820
0.346
o.aw
0.860
0.853
0.444
0.40','
0.917
0.846
0.341
0.338
0.8.50
0.840
0.457
0.402
0.9B1
0.822
0.334
0.325
0.834
0.821
0.461
0.406
0.966
o,8;m
0.301
0.346
0.349
0.931
0.860
0.464
0.416
0.977
0.949
0.853
0.388
0.867
0.858
0.448
0.414
0.865
0.:
t42
0.«
m
0.<
131
0.907
TIhUo of Fvi.nnsinn * F""'"" P"'"' marked C in Figs. 1 and 2. . . .
Katlo or i«,xi,an8ion - p,,^,^^ [^^^ ,,,.,5^^, pr^a^„re point C, Fig. 5
r Average mean effective pressure in lbs. per square incli. . .
! Equiva'en! M. E. P. of lo\vpress\irc cylinder, 13.57x3. .50 ,
Total M. E. P. reduced to high-pressure cylinder
High-
T'Tcsiiiire
Cylinder.
Low-
Pressure"
Cylinder.
;i{atio^x density [Near cut-off- 0-W'f^0^2414j^i3i?0_
Steam per hour
per
liorsc power,
Steam not accounted for by indicator j ^^^j. r"ieage
ir 1 ( Ratio x density f
>- = •< X 13.7.50 -^ total J
. ) JM.E. P. }
11.7
13.4
48.. 59
47.49
96.08
11.81
Near releasee
0.862 X 0.0974 x 1.3750 = jg.oa
96.08
Average mean effective pressure in lbs. per square inch
Equivalent M. K. P. of high-pressure cylinder, 48.59 x 3. 50 \\\
Total ,M. E. !'. reduce J to lo\v-]ncssure cylinder
Near cut-off - "•''3» x 00507 x 13750
27.45
Steam per hour
per
horse power
( Ratio X density (
= -, X 13.750 -i- total J
{ M. E. P. I
12. 5«
11.0^
13. .57
13.88
27.45
10.95
[Near releases:
0.907 X 0.0264 x 1.37,50 =,.11.99
27.45
Steam not accounted for by indtcator ■! j^^^J release. ...
♦ Apparent cut-off measured at points marked C, Figs. 1 and 8.
18.9%
11.2%
WATER CONSUMrnON OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE. 11
TABLE Vir.
TESTS OP SPRINGS IN INDICATORS USED ON LOW-PRESSURE CYLINDER.
'RING.
NlTMBBB OP
Card.
HEIQIITa HEASUUBD ON DIAGRAMS, IN INCHES, FROM ATMOSPHERIC LiNB
TO rUESSURBS GIVEN BELOW.
S]
Above Atmosphere.
Below Atmosphere.
5
10
15
4
8 18
A
A
A
A
A
1
2
3
4
5
0.245
0.S45
0.2.-i0
0.250
0.250
O..50O
0.505
0.495
0.500
0.500
0.750
0.750
0.745
0.7.50
0.745
O.IOO
0.190
0.1 ',15
0.190
0.193
0.385
3S0
0..380
0.383
0.385
0..'-,70
0.575
0.575
0.,'i75
0.575
0.574
Average
... 0.248
O.500
0.748
0.192
0.383
Scale ...
...20.16
20.00
20.05
80.83
20.89
20.91
n
B
B
B
B
1
8
3
4
5
0.290
0.310
0.295
0.310
0.310
0.G13
0.620
•0 325
(,.025
0.615
0.9.35
0.935
0.930
0.945
0.935
0.2)5
0.840
0.235
0.240
0.210
0.475 0.705
0.470 1 0.705
0.475 0.705
0.473 \ 0.710
0.470 ! 0.700
Average,
... 0.303
0.680
0.986
0.838
0.473 0.706
Scale
...16.50
16.13
16.03
16.81
16.91 ■ 17.02
12 WATER CONSUMPTION OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE.
TABLE VIII.
TESTS OF SPIIINGS IN INDICATO)l8 USED ON niail-PUESaURE CYLINDEH.
s
PIIINO.
Number
OK
Card
Heights in inches measured on Diagrams starting from
Linos 15 Ills, per square indi above the Atmosnliero to Lines
for Pressures givc.i below.
Distance
|from atmos-
il)lieric line
to lines for
25
50
75
100
120
ISlbs. press-
ure.
c
c ..
1
2
3
4
5
0.105
0.165
0.165
0.170
0.170
o.rm
0.5H5
0.,585
0.585
0.590
1.000
1.005
0.995
1.000
0.995
1.405
1.415
1.410
1.405
1.410
i.'745
1.745
1.745
c
c
c
0.265
0.260
0.200
0.3.55
Avoraj
;e
....0.167
0.586
0.999
1.409
1.745
0.200
Scale.
....59.88
59.73
60.06
(;0.33
60.17
D
D
I).
D.
D.
1
2
3
4
5
0.160
0.155
155
0.155
0.155
0.575
0.575
0.575
0.565
0.580
0.990
1.000
1.000
0.995
0.990 •
1.4-JO
1.425
1.405
1.400
1.425
1.770
1.775
1.765
1.760
1.775
0.230
0.220
0.225
0.235
0.320
Averaf
'e
... 156
0.574
0.995
1.415
1.709
0.326
Scale.
....64.10
60.98
60.30
60.07
59.36
E.
E.
E .
!
1
3
4
5
0.155
0.160
0.155
0.160
0.155
0.575
0.575
0.575
0..585
0.575
1.005
1.005
1.000
1.015
1.010
1.455
1.4(50
1.455
1.470
1.475
1.810
1.825
1.815
1.820
1.810
0.230
0.225
0.235
0.225
0.830
E
E
Averag
e
167
0.577
1.007
1.4S3
1.810
0.239
Scale..
....63.69
60.66
59.58
58.10
57.82
WATER CONSUMrTION OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE. 13
Table ix.
Spring A.— Calculations of Equivalent Scale Corrected for all Variations in tbe
Hot Scale of the Spring.
AVHIIAOE CARD, HEAD END OF LOW-rRE88URE CYLINDER.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
+ 0.629
4-0..'i;W
+ 0.453
+ 0.3,55
+ 0.240
+ 0.108
-0.030
-0.108
-0.195
-0.353
Corre-
(<pond'g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
-0.190
-0..ti)7
-0.531
-0.536
-0.540
-0.,549
-0.536
-0.531)
-0.515
-0.465
C'orre-
fpond'g
Scale.
Area
Scale.
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
AT
AH
A9
AlO
+0.875
+ 0.333
+ 0.198
+ 0.1.55
+ 0.105
+ 0.047
-0.013
-0.047
-0.085
-o.no ^
20.03
20.01
20.04
30.09
20.16
20.16
30.83
30.83
20.33
20.85
+ 5.508
+ 4.662
+ 3.9S8
+ 3.114
+ 3.117
+ 0.948
-0.271
-0.979
-1.771
-2.294
Bl
B2
m
B4
B5
BO
B7
1 B8
B9
BIO
-0.083
-0.317
-0.232
-0.234
-0.236
-0.336
-0.3:54
-0.330
-0.235
-0.203
-2.130
20.83
20.90
30.91
20.91
20.91
20.91
20,91
30.90
20.90
80.90
-1.789
-4., 535
-4.8.51
-4.893
-4.935
-4.935
-4.893
-4.807
-4.703
-4.243
Totals...
+ 0.758 .
+ 15.008
Totals...
-44.524
Equivalent scale = (15.001 + 44.524) -*■ (0.758 + 2.130) = 20.61.
AVEUAOE CARD, CRANK END OP I,0W-I'RE8Si;UE CYLINDER.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
Corre-
spond'g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
1 Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
Corre-
spond'g
Scale.
30.86
20.90
20.91
20.91
30.91
20.90
20.90
80.90
20.90
80.90
Area
X
Scale.
Al
AH
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
AH
+ 0.303
+ 0.255
-^ 0.333
+ 0.'63
+ 0.078
+ 0.013
-0.037
-0 069
-0.093
-0.J35
+ 0.693
+ 0.584
+ 0.510
+ 0.373
+ 0.178
+ 0.080
-0.085
-0.158
-0.211
-0.286
30.04
30.08
20.00
20.08
30.16
20.16
20.83
20.83
20.84
20.86
+ 6.072
+ 5.105
+ 4.460
+ 3.273
+ 1.572
+ 0.862 i
-0.771 i
-1.437
-1.917
-3.608
1 Bl.. ..
Tii
! B3
i B4
! B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
! Bio
Totals...
-0.119
-0.239
-0.833
-0.333
-0.333
-0.231
-0.339
-C.334
-0.330
-0.303
-0.272
-0.534
-0.533
-0.53;^
-0.,533
-0.,539
-0.,534
-0.513
-0.,503
-0.465
-2.482
-4.786
-4.873
■-4,873
-4.8?2
-4.888
-4.783
-4.683
-4.. 598
-4.343
A9
AlO
Totals...
+ 0.718
+ 14.011*
-8.154
-45.031
Equivalent scale = (14.011 + 45.031) -i- (0.713 + 8 154) = 80.60.
TABLE X.
Spuing B.— Calculation of Equivalent Scnlo Corrected for all Variation in the Hot
Scale of the Spring.
AVEltAOE CARD, HEAD END OF LOW-PRESSURE aYLINDKU.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
Corre-
spond'g
Scale.
16.08
16.13
16.19
16.30
16.49
16., 50
16.81
16.81
16.81
16.84
Area
X
Scale.
Division
of
Caul.
,,__„ Mean
-^'^*"'- Height.
1
Corre-
s;)ond"g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
AlO
+ .355
+ .288
+ .345
+ .301
+ .133
+ .048
-.015
-.060
-.ow
-.135
.759
.659
.470
.308
.112
.035
.140
.239
.315
+ 5.336
+ 4.. 546
+ 3.967
x3.276 !
+ 3.177
+ 0.792 1
-0.253 j
-1.009 1
-1.647 i
-2.273
Bl
B3
B3
JU
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
BIO
Totals . . .
-.073
-.263
-.385
-.391
-.•.;9i
-.890
-.287
-.3.s(
-.380
-.3.57
.;7i
.614
.6116
.680
.680
.678
.671
.664
.6,54
.600
16.81
16.98
17.00
17.01
17.01
17.01
17.00
17. 0()
16.99
16.97
-1.327
-4.460
-4.845
-4.9,50
-4.11,50
-4.933
-4 879
-4.838
-4.7,57
-4.361
Totals....
+ .025
+ 14.803
-8.601
-44.196
Equivf.kiit scale = (14.803 + 44.196) -+- (.925 + 2.601) = 10.73.
14 WATLR CONSUMPTION OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE.
TABLE X.— Continued.
AVEUAOE CARD, CUANK iiNI) OP LOW-rUES8L'llE CVLINBEn.
DlvJHion
of
Curd.
.\rea.
Mean
Height.
Corre-
spond'g
Scale.
16.07
16.11
16.18
16.35
16., 50
16.66
16.81
16.81
16.8;j
16.88
Area
X
Scale.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
Corre-
cpond'g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Al
A3
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
AM
AlO
+ .345
+ .298
+ .2.55
+ .1H7
+ .082
-.063
-.0!)S
-.125
-.168
.797
.688
.589
.4.32
.189
.145
.236
.289
.388
+ 5.544
+ 4.801
+ 4.121
+ 3.0.57
+ 1.353
-1.0,50
-1.647
-3.104
-3.836
m
B2
133
B4
H5
H6
n7
]J8
B9
BIO.. . .
-.146
-.384
-.298
- .298
-.398
-.298
- .297
-.293
-.284
-.267
-2.763
-..337
-.656
-.688
-.688
-.688
-.688
- .686
-.677
-.6.56
-.617
16.85
16.99
17.01
17.01
17.01
17.01
17.01
17.00
17.00
16.98
-2.400
-4.835
-5.069
-5.069
-5.069
-6.069
-5.0.53
-4.981
-4.835
-4.534
TotnlH ' 4- 'IH
+ 11.2.30
Totals...
-46.953
Equivalent scale = (11.230 + 44.953) + (.713 + 2.763) = 16.74.
TABLE XI.
Sprino C. — Cnlculations of Equivalent Scale Corrected for all Variations in the
Hot Scale of the Spring. Areas mea-iured from line 15 lbs. above the atui.
LAnt;E9T CARD, CIIANK END OP UIOU-1'KESSURE CYLINDER.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
755
0.714
0.670
0.549
382
0.380
0.305
0.14S
0.105
0.075
3.883
Mean
Height.
1.736
1.641
l.,540
1.262
0.878
0.644
0.471
0.310
0.241
0.172
Cori'c-
spond'ir
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Divipion
of
Card.
Area.
Moiin
Height.
0.409
0.039
0.034
0.034
0.033
0.031
0.018
0.005
0.009
0.031
Corre-
spond'g
Scale.
Area
Scale.
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
AlO
60.17
60.32
60.27
60.24
59.97
.59.78
.59.77
59.82
.59.8-.
59.88
45.428
42.997
40.381
;M.073
23.909
16.738
12.253
8.853
6.384
4.491
Bl
H2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
BIO
+ 0.178
+ 0.017
+ 0.015
+ 0.015
+ 0.014
+ 0.009
+ 0.008
+ 0.003
-0.004
-0.009
59.79
59.88
,59.88
.59.88
59.88
59 88
59.88
59.88
.59.88
59.88
+ 10.643
+ i.oie
+ 0.8<)8
+ 0.898
+ 0.838
+ 0.539
+ 0.4^9
+ 0.120
- 0.340
- 0.539
Totals . .
233.406
Totals...
+ 0.245
+14.654
1
Equivalent scale = (233.406 - 14.654) -^ (3.S83 - 0.245) = 60.130.
SMALI.E^ST CARD, CRANK END OP IIIOII-I'RESSURE CYLINDER.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Area
Scale.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
Corre-
i^pond'g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Al
A3
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
AS
A!)
AlO
0.752
0.710
0.065
0.504
0.348
0.245
0.180
0.138
0.087
0.057
1.72<(
1.632
1.529
1.1,59
0.800
0.,563
0.414
0.294
0.200
0.131
60.18
60.23
60.27
60.17
59.90
59.74
.59.79
.59.84
59 87
59.88
45.2,55
42.756
40.0,S0
30.326
30.845
14.636
10.762
7.660
5.209
3.413
Bl
B3
B3
B4
B5
BO
B7
B8
BO
BIO
+0.175
+ 0.017
+ 0.015
+ 0.015
+ 0.014
+ 0.009
+ 0.005
+ 0.001
-0.002
-0.003
0.403
0.0.39
0.034
0.0S4
0.032
0.021
0.011
0.003
0.005
0.007
59.80
59.88
59.88
59.88
,59.88
59.88
.59. 8S
.59.88
59.83
59.88
+ 10.465
+ 1.018
+ 0.898
+ 0.898
+ 0.838
+ 0.539
+ 0.299
+ 0.060
- 0.120
- 0.180
Totals 1 3 f.7fi
2!}0.942
Totals...
+ 0.346
+ 14.715
Equivalent scale = (220.943 - 14.715) h- (3.676 - 0.240) = 60.124.
Average equivalent scale := (00.130 + 60.124) -i-Z- 60.13.
WATER CONiSUMPTION OF AN UNJACKETED COMPOUND ENGINE. 15
TABLE XII.
Spring D, — Calculation of Equivalent Scale Corrected for all Variations in the
Hot Scale of the Spring. Areas measured from line 15 11)8. above the atm.
AVEBAOE CARD, HEAD END OF IlIon-PIlESSUnB CYLINDER.
Divi8i',n
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Heiglit.
Corre-
rpond'g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Heiglit.
.404
.014
.007
.007
.(.05
.01)5
.014
.038
.034
.043
Corre-
spond 'g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
.698
.080
.653
.535
.370
.249
.168
.117
.078
.047
1.631
l.SD
l..')33
1.237
.864
.582
.393
.273
.183
.110
.59.64
59.73
59.85
60.17
60.51
60.97
6>.33
63.22
6?. 91
64.10
41.629
40.610
39.022
31.. 589
22.389
15.182
10.470
7.397
4.985
3.013
Dl
H3
H3
B4
H5
m
»r
HH
m
BIO
Totals...
+ .173
+ .006
+ 003
+ .003
+ .(X)2
-.002
-.006
-.012
- .015
-.018
63.25
64.10
64.10
64.10
64.10
64.10
64.10
04.10
64.10
64.10
+ 10.769
+ .385
+ .192
+ . 192
+ 128
A6
A7
A8
A9
AlO
- .128
- .385
- .769
- .963
- 1.154
Totals...
3.584
216.386
+ .134
+ 8.268
Equivalent scale = (216.286 - 8.208) + (3.854 - .134) = 60.29.
TABLE XIII.
Spring E. -Calculations of Equivalent Scale Corrected for all Variations in the
Hot Scale of the Spring. Areas measured from line 15 lbs. above the atm.
LARGEST CARD, HEAD END OP HIOn-PIIESSURE CYLINDER.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Keiglit.
Corre-
spond'g
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
+ .181
+ .005
+ .004
+ .004
+ .003
-.003
-.004
-.005
-.018
Mean
Height.
Corre-
spond'f
Scale.
Area
X
Scale.
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
AlO..
.738
.703
.672
..567
.398
.278
.202
.151
.098
.071
1.724
1.643
1.570
1.335
.930
.650
.473
.353
.227
.166
,57.89
57.95
58.01
58.. 55
59.77
60.47
61.42
62.38
63.18
63.07
42.733
40.739
38.983
.33.198
23.788
10.811
13.407
9.404
G.1U2
4., 521
HI
hi
B3
m
B5
B6
B7
B8
i B9
, BIO
Total?..
.423
.013
.009
.009
.007
.005
.009
.012
.042
01.78
63.69
63.09
63.69
63.69
63.69
63.69
63.69
63.69
63.69
+ 11.182
+ .318
+ .2.55
+ .3.55
+ .191
- .127
- .255
- .318
- 1.140
Totals.. .
3.878
228.706
+ .168
+ 10.355
Equiv.<ilent scale = (223.766-10.355) -+■ (3.878-0.168) = .58.87.
SMALLEST CARD, HEAD END OP HIQH PRESSURE CYLINDER.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Mean
Height.
Corre-
8i)ond"g
Scale."
57.04
57.99
58.03
58.81
60.05
60.81
61.93
62.89
63.54
63.69
Area
X
Scale.
Division
of
Card.
Area.
Menu
Height.
Corre-
spond'g
Scale.
Area
Scale.
Al
A3
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
AlO
.710
.681
.662
..531
.349
.238
.172
.115
.075
.047
1.063
1.595
l.,5.50
1.244
.817
.557
.403
.289
.176
.110
41.137
39.491
38.416
31.338
20.957
14.473
10.6,'JO
7.3;« !
4.766 !
3.993
311.343
Bl
B2
B3
lU
B5
B6
B7
B8
H9
UIO
+ .169
+ .005
+ .004
+ .004
+ .004
-.004
— .005
-.007
-.018
.396
.012
.009
.009
.009
.009
.012
.016
.042
61.97
03.(19
63.69
63.69
63.69
03.69
63.69
63.t)9
63.69
63. (J9
+ 10.473
+ .318
+ .255
+ .355
+ .355
- .255
- .318
- .440
- 1.146
Totals...
3.580
Totals . . .
+ .152
+ 9.391
Equivalent scale = (211.343-9.391) -+- 3.580-0. 1S2) - 58.91.
Average equivalent scale - (58.87 + 58.91) -h 2 = 53.89.