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BOVELL. ur al re k1, at af I> Binaer - " ' 1 .a- f» | Believe lue when 1 say that I ail- tiress you thia evening wil'.i con>i(!orable _ clifTi- (lence, not only beciuise thu subject is foreign to my immediate pursuits, but for the reason that it is one of the most iiuportant Avhieh could engage the attention of the pliilanthropist and statesman; the latter 1 eannot ]iretend to be. Cold and lifeless must that lireast be whieh refuses to beat ill I'espon^e to his country's welfare : dead to all the noblest feelings of human nature the man who sits down in stolid inditferenoo to the condi- tion of the soil to which tie is attached. Fortun- ately such a state of apathy cannot l)e chai'ged to any who have Canada for their home. Descend- ants of two Huropean nutions, we meet on this northern l.md, the chivalrous sons of France and the dauntless fic(.'man of the British Isles ; both grasping the same banner, and worthy of the psir- ent slock from whieh they sprang; winning for religion and to civilization the forest home of the heathen and benighted cliildreu of a r.iee, who, long lapsed in ignoranee, know not the riches of the vast territory over which they roam, and are unequal to the task of developing its great resources. Here, then, on this glorious land, des- tiny has joined us brethren ! Here, on this re- claimed wildernes-j, the rcd-cro.-sed flag floats beoly t() tht' breeze, uniting in one bond of Chris- tian Brotherhood, those who were once disjoine I : binding with the cords of a mutual, a common iutercet, those who, in oth(!r climes, seemed to have no elements of cohesion. The Union has l)een accomplished, and, although for a time, tlie natural peculiarities and habits of dissimilar peo- ple prevented, or rather letai'ded the process of amalgamation, the eonnnereial neeessities and geogiaphif'al homogeniety of the soil, are exer- easing their legiiimate influence, and already we see the liius of demarkation becoming dim — the process of fusion fast going on, It is no matter of surpiise that the heart (dings fondly to the asso- i'i:it!!!ii.i nl' its eiirliortt davs. !);iro ive quarrel with that ailection which binds man tenderly to the hearth, by the glow of whoso tiro all the best R'ld holiest feelings of his nature had been fanned into life ? Ou what spot in all this world beside would the Irish knee bend more devoutly, and where would the warm feeling of his soul gush more freely than at those time-hallowed shrines before whieh he was wont to linger? What mountain slopes and shadowy glens would the foot of the home-loving Highlander press with the same earnest deep attachment as those which, in the dawn of life he was wont to step ; as among the heather lie roved the clansman of a noble clan. — And ifthe children of Erin and Scotia's sons retain their love, shall not old Enirhmd live in her chil- dren's hearts — be their roof tree raised beneath a summer or a winter sky'< But saered as such feelini'is are, it should l>o remembered that thoy are not more so than those which bind each one to his own hotne. The son remembers for- ever with reverential love the house of his infan- cy, but learns in manhood's years to be proud of his own, when he, in turn, becomes th'J en e of a rising race. Therefore, we should recollect that so long as each one moves within the compass of that wide domain which his forefathers has won, so long does lie tread no foreign soil. Britons wo are, in this British land — the heirs of British free- dom, truth, and virtue, and most truly British when we lay claim to all. that in the parent-state co?nmandsand i iisures tho.-e very qualities which has inude tiiem what they are. What, shall it be said that within the compass of those sea-girt Isles— those Islands of the blest — is contained our nation ? Will you, whoso hard fate it may have been to leave all that was dear to you allow that when you leftyovir native soil, the white sails bore you away aliens and outcasts from your country ? The pnmd spirit which sent you forth to people these very wastes, rebels against injustice such as this In a le.^8 enlightened age, ere the piincijiles of good government were understood, and when ignorance and avarice swayed the minds of national authorities, there can be no doubt that the emigrant left behind him half his birth-right, <'!!:isin<; to occtipv hiS niaoe with!!! the limitH of the Imperial shores, he found '''mself a colonist in a foreign plantation. No lo-^'or English, Irish or Scotch, he waa classed ns the West India plant- TJIK FUTURE OF CAKA1>A. cr, iho Australian wool-grower or the Cauadmu settlor, wi.o m.gl.t toil an.l labor as heartily as he nleased provided he did so according to prescribed Colonial rule. Tb.se foreign possessions an. nlmtatious were won by the conqueror s sword and the price of the conquest must be re pa ul, the intention of the couquest satislu-d ^ '•« f J- '; „r tlio commercial glutton, must be sent to satisfy the greed of conquerors. I his is no exaggerated picture Most of us can well remem- bor the harsh and selfish policy which has but too often sorely taxed the loyal and devoted, and we live within sight of a ^^ation who were once like ourselves " Coloni8ts"-but who, in consequence of the mad injustice of the Imperial State, broke from their allegiance. Canada! noble iinpetuoiis Canada still cling.^ lovingly to her mother s side and still proud of her name desires no highei privilege, demands no greater boon than that which she may fairly claim, to be one of a muted f-unily When distance constituted au all impor- tant element in questions affecting the inter- ests of countries and individuals, wc might find excuse for much of the ignorance and blundering whi.'h is so notorious in all matters connected with Cohmial administration. But since ste:»m and electrioitv draw the ends of the earth together, the-Piovineialist is much nearer the centre of Imperial power and brought more immediately within the range of its v.m-e, he ■will watch much more closely the political niove- m^nts at Home antl demand more imperatively the permission to be received with the same re- spect and treated with the like con.idevat on as his brother who may not have left the mother laiiU. England has. by her policy, made the very term of Colonists to stink in the nostii's of her i.eople. That the stronger and more wealthy ones will not i long endure to bear the term of repr..ach, but will ■ demand as its substitute one which wul tell of a , voice in national ailairs is sure. When we reflect | on the mighty changes which a few years h;ive I effected in the condition of nations— whcii wc call to mind the fact that Canadian cities are now as near to Windsor as were Dublin an.l bdmboro ' in davs of yore,' is it too much to suppose, that Bimilai' changes must be wrought lu our coiidition and a no less intimate consolidation of interests take place. Already through the length an.l breadth of the Province u cry of Nationalitv is heard. The longings an.l aspirations ..t a tree intelligent and iiul..initable iieople are becoinmg more audible as they feel ami understand the value of those inexhaiistable .stores ot wealtli which nature with no niggard hand has gariuTcl for the children "f an Imperial hoiwol..>l 1,1 , inly its v.isl proporti..ns an.l (.ares to dieain oi •I future. But let us l,eware that we do nothing t,) mar this prosperity. Uo not let her imitate the follies of the giddy youth, who, ])rLU.i ol Ins descent and conscious of strength, pre-umes t act fooli«lily and rashly. Are we n..t at this very mo- ment under the rod of correction ? Are not pride selfishness and unwarrantable greediness receiving their reward? Let but our national and real riches be fostered and properly eared for an.l tlie end is sur<\ Gentlemen: it may be prcsumpti.m in on- occupying an obscure position among his fellow countrymen, to offer an opinion on our country s present, much less our futme. But certainly, "Without intemling to be presumptuous, we may deplore the dependence on a foreign state, into which our own country is t India Islands be a sad warning to yon. see h.iw their isolated position eifeets their dearest mter- ! e«ts, for split up into many petty little (...vevn- ments their weakness is acknowledged not only Dy I themselves but bv all, and is the cause ..f aln.ost I all the calamity that h.s befallen them, enubling ! the Imperial U.ivernment to act as they deem i ri ht rather than sutfer the infant colonies to stcji in the direction they know to be best tor t Iumip ' sidv.'s. Gentlemen, you have heard uodoulnol thefailmeof that most righteous act winch bri- tish justice consummated in 1888. \on h .v.! fceii no doubt the statemeiu reiterat.^o over am over again, that African eniancipatio'.i has pi.ivei ' a failure, iind that to that act is to t)o altr.mue. ' the degradation of agricultural and commercial nr.,si)erity, which followc I close on that event.— 1 The distinguished McCulloch diseoursmg on it ot) served. " that tity of unoec wants of the 1 from the lab. astrous evils quite tiue th only one of t' riblc distress in Ja-naica : apply to Ih' tigua, Triniii over and ove rial Governra their partial that would s understood tl palled Free framed with Britain alon( to colonial ii that while G llieaoceptam a ino. quite tiue that this result did follow but u was I only one of the caus;es which produced such ter- rible distress in the West Indie.-<, and particuluvly , in Ja-nnica and British Guiana, but this did not ' apply to the other Islands of Barbadoert, An- ti;,nia, Trinidad, itc. The colonists themselves , over and over airain remonstrated with the Impo- | rial Government on the injurious consequences of j tlieir partial let,'islation, and predicted the -'uiu j that would suridy overtake them. For they well j understood that the system which in England is : called Free Trade, was partial and unjust, and framed with special reference to the interests ot 15ritain alone and did not bear reference directly to coh)nial interests. It must be borne in nimd that while Great Britain forced on her possessions the aoceptauce of her own policy, she left them to a most unjust competition with the Slavedioldm:,' States in their neighborhood, v. hose snirars were to Ije admitted into the iiritisli market on tho same terms, and worse thau this, t^lie kept up, anil is still keepina: up a base monopoly in her o.ipital cities, for the protection of a few British lleh- ners ; and by a prohibitory du'y on reiiaed West India su!,'ar, prevents the colonist from enterhv^ her markets with the best mmufictured article. lu Sir Robert Schomburek's ('xcelient work we have his authority for strongly eon Iem'.:in.f this policy and ho clearly points out the vaeillat.mj;, tamperin/ system which h>s been i)ursue(l by contrasting Sir IL.bert Teel's speeeii in answer to Lord Langdon's, Jan. 1841, and the Iligbt Hon. Baronet's financial statement on assuming power immediately afterwards, although his measure was not in the eomtiioiicemoiit so sweeping as h'n predecessors in olliee ; it laid the foundation for the admission of sugar manufactured by Slave labour. The duty of 27s per hundred weigiit wliiclj it was professed should merely contmue during tho war, ter duated in 181'.J wlieu the duty on British I'lantatiou sugar was reduced to four- teen shihingd. The duly on foreign sugar and the produce of free labour met at the same time a corre.-pondlug mludiou; and in eonsequeiice t)f certain commercial ireatius with countries where Slavery still prevailed, and by which they they were jd'aced on the footing of most favored iiaiion-. some sugars prmiueed by slave labour I jiwrenow likewise admitU'd at this reduced duty. ' The revenue was compeiisatiid for tho reduction of duty, 1) )tli on Foreign and 13ritish |dantation suirar, bv the increused consumption, and ihis m- creaaed consumption produced a rise in the price of sugar, which proved reinunerativc to the plan- ter. ''The powerful party in I'ariiai.ient mean- while prcr-sed upon ministers with success, the measure for the admission of foreign sugar, whe tluT the produce of free or slave labour ; and v,iough thcv resisted fl.e abolition of all protc, ofT-.-r the example of an inconsistency in [mperia! mea- sures without a parallel in any previous age during so .short a period. These eolouies. by the value of their commerce, contributed mainly to tho s i- premaey of Great Britain as a naval power. Fov years they alForded an unfailing and remunerative market for tho manufactures of the mother coun- 'trv, and relieved Great Britdn fr.Mn depending 'or her colonial pr..;luce wholly on foreign coun- tries. It would, therefijre. have been considered tho interest of Great B"itain to foster and p oteet her colonies, but the events of the past twelve vears prove the contrary, and leave it undisputed that the colonists have been hardly dealt witli- If we judge from the various measures which sue ;eedt;irthe emancipalio:i, we are almost led to i the conclusion that it was the object of the Go- ' verninent to sacrifice twenty millions of money i to destroy a capital of live times the amount ves- ; led by British suhjects in tlie colonies. Tiie fiat i has been passed, and the mono[)oly on su^ar in I favour of the British eolouiea, was abolished at 1 ilu! eominmcement of the second hidf of this century. This sacrifice bis been conceded to the I fr(!o trade principle ; and while in the abstract ! the ])oliticil economist can but rejoice in the 1 mi<'-hty strides witli which tliis only true principle I .,t "'-ommerce advances, we must regret, with the i niueh injured colonists, that it his been employed i a b.,a.tJ l3 this fair couutrv of oars the Sable barren waslo of .now wh.ch so.n d.- li.htto think it-does the configurat on ot tu soil aiui the wi.le expanse of its inland seas. th from, but not abs.-hitely independent of tnebol.v. Do you think and does any one ever think that thc'nian of tiie mountain has, tnid could Imve th. same liabits.tho s.mic character, the same ideas as the man of the p!ain. of the nver side, ot Jie island i Do you suppose tluit the u.an wimm he tire ofthe Torrid Zone consmnes might be<;aHLato the same destiny in this world as he who inhabits the desert icy regions of Siberia, that which is true of these two extremes ought to be equal y true of two intermediate places, and of aillati- tudes." Again the learned Guizot in a siinuar strain emphaticallv deelares the sume docfnne made, however applicable to the new lor.ls of tins n- rivalled continent, " America"-hc observes- lies .rlutted with its vegetable wealth unworked, solitary. Its immense forests, its savannas, every year cover its soil with their remmns, which ac- • cumulated during the long ages of the world, form ; tint deep bed of vegetable mould, that precious , M.il awaiting only the hand of man to work out ; nil the wealth of its inexhaustible fertility. Mean- , time the luiaian race of the new world, the Indian, : the primitive owner of these vast territories, shows himself incapable or careless of the work ; never has he opened the soil with the ploughshare to demand the' t.rasnn.s it encloses, """"ug is his livelihood; war his holy d.y. Upon a soil able tQ support millions of men in plenty, a lew scattered inhabitants had a wretche.l existence lu the bosom ofthe wdderness. Side hv sule with m m.ieli unused weahh, see the old world exhaust- ed bv long cultivation, „verloii(led with an e.v- uberant population, full of spirit aad of Ide, but to whom severe hibour lordly gives subsistence for the d.iv; devouied by activitv, out wan. iw' resources and space to expand itself ; and yon will perceive that this state of things, thatadispro portion so startling cnnnot long exist. Uie giit* God bestows on man He reciuires should be em- ploycTand he takes from him who oocs not put t to ue, the talent which has been entrusted to in. Man himself, the indigenous man bears m whole character the ineffaceable stamp of the perular vegetative nature of this continent- Ek; cor.tinurdly in tlie shadow of those yirgm n^sts which .n-c^^spread ^''« ^«- ^rtl Th'e wliole nature has been modified thereby. 1 he very copp'^r hue of his complexion indicates that he hves not like the negro beneath the scorehmg sm.beams. His Ivmphatic temperameut betrays Se preponderance in his nature of the vege able elenSnt^ The Indian is .,f a melancholy cold and 1 SoSvc rac-. Foreign 'o our h.po., onr^y. ' our griefs it is rarely that a ear moistens 1. ' eyes! or that a .mile liglils up his features. riio ' S'Lbarons tortures cannot extort fr..m Inm ' a complaint, and his stoical nuiiffereuce i - i Curbed o:dy bv vengeance or joalonsy. ' I he lore.t i swept b..forelhe nxe of civiliz..t.on opens up the fertle soil, and compels it to yield its (nuts and be new race vigorous, patient o to, and w.h .aiiuls quickened by centuric. ot mtellectnil light, e heSi re-acted upon by the immensity ot nature ■■ .u.d ri^e but sink not in the scale ot advancement ' Few will feel inclined to question the genera i .iccuracy of this most wonderful law as enunciate, 'by two such astute philosophers as Cousin and ! Guvot Indee.l it is self-evident that it is but a co.npleto exemplification of one of the most ex- ' traor.linarv circumstances connected with tlie ! history of "human life, wc receive our early ini- i nression-' from the east, and developc them m the I west. Wo may truly liken it to a vas and rapid stream which, taking its rise in the ia. off <.ait, flows tortuously towards the west retaining ' not Lnly all that was special to it at it^ vise, but 1 acquiring fresh properties and increased vigour as ' its eoui-se enlarges, and its wanderings aie directed through newer and varying s^^^cs-" ; Isolation is but the signal for degradation, cut oft ■ the unrestricted intercourse of a people, dam back ! the tide of human life, and like the overflowings j „f a -ivers bmks, the water will accumulate am in accumulating, stagnate and acquire tilth, u:dil at length the uprising festering waters burst then bounds on the right hand ami on the left, and formf-.r themselves new chanuids. 'l he human li.mily must subdue the earth, they cannot linger in one region-man must invade and conquer the rude and thoni bearing soil, and it m ins wan.ierings he should lose sight of the great ob- ject of his mission, his more obedient and les>, "ilegenerate b;-ethren are some day sure to oC V \ take and occupv his jdace ; but in all such violent and inevitnhhi "catastroDhies, how much injury is elfected i What horrilile tlisastcrs toUow on Hoods, i what barbarous demoralization accompanies a i revolution ? The same power which in other ages ^r rt* Binder Qajriord Bm« tn. THE FUTURE OF CANADA. 5 « '■'-«•■ ■ 1 ■> in 1 t >'l 1 1 # m s.. t^^ I o i.w.ln,.,.,l •' I liave driven out tl.e heatlieu ami ,nistakeably.-for ^V«P'*; ,;^, " J.Seduesss of Ive would only keep in vew »- .f^ 'J^„«? , j^X .,ur positiou. if we could but le.lue too tho stupendous truth, t '"t l.ke . toim wc have become "a peculiar P^^f ^ ^j*^ ^^. ^ i,ut of the Universe, •"'""• .' „._ ,,f the eiuth, wc to the vast and pleiitUul l"\'^ > /' j^^ ^an for a itself across this northern contuieut, ^vUo c^" j perhaps not one anu.n;^ "t."! ,f "icutnes. which \ i tithL ot the splyndcur " »\ S^J-' ^.^^^ {„, us shall adorn that " "'■^;^. f J j^X i<'t'> com shortsighted ir.ortals to .ee -^^^l^'^.J ^^^^^^^ ,„,,t :„jr events to know and ^^^ Jl f^^J^^ ^ ^ „„, tire inheritance which ^^J^^^^^ prosperity father-land that all ^1>'^, 55'^;f, ,!,!,'",„iutain tlie xvhiehhasdignified and Jill cu ^ ^^^^^^ European name will ^ ' "^ ,!"''"on ^here the proportions in he "^jr"!"*^^^,*^;;.; evidence of its band of nature has left ''[^^P^"''%'f, ,y lu address- wisdom, power and goodnes . bmcly ^^ ingyou it ^vere -,"*;f^f„^Jibe resources of aid even time permit the lucacuu^ ^^^^ ^^ this Province. The old vvoiW unsj>^^, ,^^. ^^^^^ prosper, '"^^^ /^''f^H.r first to the rich ''^^' ^"^Si*^ c|)a' ..j^l",t b^t K natural course , a."l virgin Boilwe oUow ^J ^^^^^^ .^^^..^^ ^^^ , of human events. It wttui' ^^^^^ bom.ty,theoccupiermu t liswup y ^^^^ , i„.„iediate necessities /"^'^J^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ,Ueu, be- «parc to bis "e'g>^^"^\,^,t.ft "every '^^w won elmcs of primary ""P" 'f^^te anx^^u^ care and hiud, and always receives Uc ^^ ^^^^ j^^^. ,,evits the I'-yj!^; \ ^„.r£,ance of a nation baudman. li"\"«'/''_.^\':.' ,.„ i^pportauce; by oc- vising in ti- -; J; " ^1;';;; '^J puvsuit, is it acting upyiugitseli wholly 1 tiso^^^^^^^ .^^ ^^^^ ^:^S iMru;:?-»^ti to l were ,,r fields of iron and mine^.f-PJI-'leP^^ „io,e wondern, to f^"'"^^.;"*- y^^^ ,vater been '"Z;iS''S.'^e/ :Sd ^S linked a. it ^rhfseSaftnnecUon f^^^ ,::S^ element in which ^/^iJ^^ ^^^U ^ith forest the broad surface of Canada co ^^^^^ ^^^ ^ ,nerely as a covert J^^J^J^^^^^^ of instruc- «parsepopua;on ^^^^^^„ ,, the gush tion, or istlitieno m"^"- „^„, . „„ if igans adown and flow ofthe l<''^'"\"f^:/'^"'^."^,f ' JeUinl us of a i its broken and 1--?;,^ ^.^ ^t^^^^^^^^^ No one power second only [o y>a^ ii^it all these ! urely will for an instant ^ 1 ;"'^^^''^;^nt to he ; attributes of -t^'^"^^ jl^^f ' ^ -tben it is for ■ left unemployed. If h'^ „os,cssors of bo much consistent with patriotism to develop to "^° all that l^asbecn entrusted to our cam ^^^^ admitting this to be tn , ' J'^yJ?^^,^,^,^ our ourselves whether, taking " 'f'^^^.^ „;„„ that ackuowlcdgec 'f^^^''^^'. ;„",„"':;;,„ to Stall and n.,sition wbicli it should be "" f^>'" V"; j j- ^.e i;.hich will, no *loubt. be one ^7 f^f^J.'^^^to not "^^^t'lmSSSnaiiSSSS^iuotnow address an AUf^io riii . .. ^ , p^oud aud '^''' l?u?s%tefl dec at Uiat it is iiJconsistent I loitv natures when i uia. a ^^^. queroror to ^^\»; 'C'' j, conquering sword. Tiever S^ac-p anything but the cojq b^^ ^j^_^^ movement which \'^^ taken plac.^^^^ ^ ^^^ and "uiongstourselveB.with leercnc ^^ eral Union of -'J^^^^;^' ? ^^^ "S" to a mighty I ,igu ot the i;"'^- J;r t4 the^ of a people for uecesiity— the diawin^ t nationality mutual advancement .' 1 ^^'^^.^/^ " ^^ ^ur stand and evidence of a determination to t-ike on s either as a separate .mit.oi, oi Pa. of t^ e ^le -^ r'^^'^-"^^S.SeS:cSl;S niigbty pendency. \''^' ^y'^'i^c-^pable of furthering our ; rcquii"! by ui;. v.,u ■""■■-';■;' ,•„„, g„„,i,a.i.a 6 THE FUTURE OF CAN.\DA. position, having but ono, or at most, two markets to which wc consign our prociuctions, liaving tr.k- en in this respect a retrogade coiirs(!. We are ))art of an Empire Avhose mercantHe marine ia unrivalled, we see our merchant flag llyim: in every port of the civilized and uncivilized woild We have merchants whose cultivated and practi- cal minds teach them the acquisition of princely fortunes, and yet 've allow our^-olves to be re- stricted in our commercial intercourse and pour the whole of our abundance into the lap of the nearest neighbour who will relieve us but too readily of it. Now as one opposite illustration is as valuable as a d.zen, permit me once again to allude to a field of enterprise lying within your reach, one which you once largely occupied, but which you have now entirely allowed to pass into other hands. Looking to the fact that your po- pulation already occupying a large extent of land which in giving its rich nturn, seeks to push its conquests westward, still, (Jommis-iiouers who have explored, and venluroiw settlers, alreai, tell you of a fer tile empire, nearly as large as half Europe, wait- ing the husbandman's plough to bring forth the golden grain. A mid-way settlement is being plant- ed wheVe the mineral riches of the region must sooner or later bo galhesod, to be brought by will ing hands for the 8U]ii)ly of territories which must be i eared to nicet the demand." of your in- ternal trade alone— your people then going West and your waters flowing Kast tell all the world that a great and powerful nation is to reign where the bountilul hand of the Creator has fiishioned for it so great a kingdom— now if no other stiinu- lous to industry and enterprise existed, we liud that encouragement enough is held out to us to carrv out those more primitive arts and manu- factures and to devehjjie and reclaim a profitable external trade within the limits of Biitaius world- wide domain. To show that this is no idle dream, no ideal jjhantasy uttered to amuse an audience, it is proposed to call your earnest attention to the value of the colonial trade which is carried on with the West India Islands alone, and still further to prevent the mind being car- ried away unduly by the magnitude of numbers, to use the returns from a siugle Island and that one in point of size amongst the smallest; i)re- mising that as far as relates to iheir commercial relations, all the Islands aro in the same posi- tion. Barbadoes nuw depends upon Amei'ieu for a sup- ply of food, and for tln! most ordinary nianulae- tures, as an inspoeti(.'a of the following tal)le arranged by Sehomhurgh will amply show : Comparatluc Slalemcnl of the c^lernal Com- merce of Ihirhadoxditrhifi the yearn 1811 /o 1845 inclusive : — — -^-c 1- CO 2 s --3 .^- OS Oa CO . in .<3 c 00 _ ^ '■ ^ — ri a .a ;i . to -fi ^ 5 IX CO CO •-" O CO *J rT CO •— to rH > , , CO CI to o> ^ r-- — la CO t-^ o_ *•., .-^ UO oc" ^^ i-H t- to t^ •* Cl « ^ t^ — < CO tC • 00 10 to 00 OJ (•/^ 2 4.0 00 to to to CO ci to to -sO •£; c; « . ^- ««; -r 10 tc to -i" S* 1j ^-Sot-'-t-QO aJ ^ • S "S . (Ti :o CO CO C ■J. .- to' -It to rt 'i^ *? =c ,-c m '"' *^ '/I s u ta Ol 05 1- f- to to to to ■^ C5 —1 S 1.-: CO ■* >o CO ." r^ = ^ cr. C -P 1-J ^ j; 1- C5 to o» CO c 1 1- •<*" c; I^ 'Z co" 00' — ' c r % m rfi CO K '- Tf 51 5 "^ C5 •* e< t- " -^ "s CO to in 'I" to ^ 00 M< « C-l ■* Tj( ■§ . c; cr 00 CO 10 "- «*! ci OS 00 00 ' *a •— "^ "^ 5 CO 00 -r CO K5 1 «3 in ^ -f 5, .- = ►-) , , !2 CO i? 10 OS l-J l+J C5_ ..^ CC_^ Cl_ !-__ -i i-T .3f f: 1 rt 03 ~ ■<-> 10 CJ 10 Cl t- 1 72 J 3 CI •— o ci ■-= to CO I. rt K t: • 53 "^ n^ c "^ ' — ' 5 s W j ' re • f— 1 • ^ /-V — . »!lr ■ ^- i U4 0; <^ - r- . _ <^ p; fci ci w S , , CO "?' • I- * *^ «♦? o-j 'p • c 5 iio '— „ • orj ^ l-tto^o'^-*" t3 u. cf si '^' '• 'o''7. .2 " -iS 3 13 1 0^ t- '■''•**"' ^ < > 1^^,^..,^^! CJ < 5 ■<< «t? ^ 01 CO '« •>' < . CO t- =r. OD 51 ^3 w P ;^ 01 ^ CO f,< 55 CI CO 3 i^ P5 '^ w «5 V3 "^ f -^ n &^ iq" CJ CO c' c^ p 1,^ to >a CO oD ;^ '« CO CO CO i> ^ « 5 it Indies. 34 9 4 14 15 39 11 8 99 11 93 15 9 —i . r-< >n CO CO 1 s .X 2 W ,_ ^ r-( r= *"• .CO CO i^i en to -^ li ^ in Wes 15,8 34,5 34,7 29,1 ,. • CJ CO -^ -^ on •- ;::"**t-i^^cqio2^ ;3 ? to a f^^rH,-. 1 CO ryj ,-. CO 10 f- .5 u • „• CI CI CI CI CO c ■5 -x » -i- ai .t; -^ t- CO .^ c rn 5 CI __© 'rt Great Britaii £ s. d. 8,984 12 2 ,818 9 8 ,756 116 .674 15 7 ,527 9 9 i n G. Bi £ s. 680 11 805 16 413 5 381 15 795 19 mount (1 0) ■*-» 1) 2 c ^ j o --' CO C CO on cj C SS .^ CO OS OS 00 J^ 10 CO 10 CO ,0 m fr, CO CO CO '2 t-.2 — 0) r_r ^ -H CO 00 'i* t^ 1^ 10 15 •^ ^— '~ »-" CI CO -^ 10 '"' g -)< M" -T -HH -f « >•" CO CO 00 CO CO OS- js — CI CO -j* us C' 00 00 00 00 00 1 's -*- y C. 1 r^ rH »-,,-* r-l rH Ui V* r., r-l r -« f-H p-« ' i »1 r^ Bind«r TTir. FUTURK OF CANADA. \i I XJ \ ; 1 ■ 1 >- J ¥ \ ' .'■■■*■ Comparative Statement of the Number of Ships which arrived in the Purl of BrtJ(/etowii in Barbadoi during the Years 1841 to 1845 iiidusive :— SHIPS INWAIIDS. Year. Great Britain. Brit. Colonies. United States. Foreign States. Total. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. 93 86 91 105 122 1 1 Tons. No. Tons. 1841 1842 1843 1844 1846 102 86 116 98 92 25017 22280 27166 24490 28965 407 468 527 444 475 26(189 31734 33591 22910 24585 136 132 219 174 199 20940 21256 34280 29382 84098 6255 5779 8893 9405 11894 738 772 958 821 1 888 78301 81049 104506 86187 94642 Men. 5648 5987 7298 6311 6819 S H I r S XT T W A U D S . Year. Great Britain. Brit. Colonies. United 1 States. Foreign States. Total. No. 66 68 78 77 82 Tons. No. 465 488 569 535 537 Tons. No. 40 37 82 46 57 Tons. 6774 7862 13358 8894 10312 No. 181 146 159 151 205 Tons. No. 742 739 888 808 881 Tons. Men. 1841 1842 1843 1844 1846 14720 18306 21088 20628 21089 31007 35027 35122 36475 33056 28299 19017 22936 19328 29316 80800 80212 92504 85325 93773 5792 5741 6820 6280 6679 Remarka.— The great difference between the tonnage inAS-ards and the tonnage outwards, is ac- counted for by the fact, that in the return inwards is included tlio tonnage of many vessels, chiefly American, which on coming here to look for a market, and not finduig one, have at once set sad for another port, without effecting any clearance at the Custom House. Trade with Foreign States in Europe. — From what has been before observed, it cannot bo ex- pected that the trade with foreign European states can be considerable, as long as the British colonies stand in an unnatural position towards them. The value of imports (which includes those from the foreign colonies) amounted in 1846 to £23,548 8s. 4d„ and showed a decrease as com- pared with 1844 of £17,927 sterling. Wines, spirits, fancy goods, fruits and oil have been the chief articles of import. In 1845, with the ex- ception of a few packages of pickles, succades, etc' there was "o export of any produce of the island to any of the foreign possessions in Europe. Trads with the British Colonies in North America.— The importance of this trade rests upon the supply of one of the most essential articles of the common necessaries of life, namely saltefl and dried fish, which has beooine an indispensable ar- ticle of food, not only among the labouring classes, but we may almost say geiierally. The value of the whole imports from the British Colonies in North America amounted in 1845 to i;39,343 129. 7d. sterling; of this sum, imports to the value of £29,637 17s' 6d. consisted of fish. Lum- ber, staves, etc., are next in importance, but the JSritish Colonies cannot compete with the United States in these articles. The exports are very trifling, and amounted only to £2821 13s. 4d. in 1845, of which molasses iormedau item of X2803 18s. 4d. The decrease in the number of vessels aud their tonnage is very consider.able if compared 8 THE FUTURE OF CANADA. with 1843, when the tonnage amounted to 12,000 tons. During the two subsequent years it de- cveased from 2000 to 3000 tons a ^ a 50 ^ a S a o -§» c5 -a a "5 a « a <3 O C<| «0 to lO t- »o >c I— ( o* ^^ t— o rv^ *^ 1,-- T)< oo s» ■^ «cr Tj< .-. •0 M r— -+1 "^ rs >0 eO "I" ^ 0-1 00 s s to •»j4 CO •* e-i to lO CO 0> '"* OS CO <— I .— C^ d IM I"* r; _ ,_ — cc 3 i so t- t- "—1 00 to o CO to a-. to to U3 j~- ._( OJ CO C5 CI O IMCS'-'^OQO'-H'-' ^ .^ -1 « © 01 04 00 a OJ .-< O O C-l lO CS o 1(5 o ■r< oi es --r; o g,, ._! ^ .-I o «o .-4 ei r- r-l -f 0:> .-. .— I to r-l ^ CO ,-. ri r-H CO CO o E-i CO OS >-< O CO S^ Ol cj to -f o OS -t; to lO (M CD >ra "-I o 03 r/J "^ 2 S o 6 . O-l CO to o 1- S 3 S t^ is SI'S 4 7V(/(ie ^«i//. '.,:-,-wmmf , THE FUTURE OF CANADA. 9 . V The coimnerce witU the United States rests upon a mosst ummtural basis. The imports nmount annually, taking an average of five years (from 1841 to 1845), to £148,538 148. sterling, and ill 1846 they amounted to £188,680 1 s. 5d., 1 while the exports during that period cover only j £1,471; the excess, amounting to fromXl40,000 to £190,(t00 sterlini:, is carried away in specie or i in bil'B of exchange upon London. Tlio value of ! (he imports from the United States in 1845, eon- wistiiK'of bread, flour, corn and grain, meal, rice, ^^altedmcat, Ac. amounted to nearly X125,0U0 sterling; consequently every inhabitant in Bar- bados contributes upon an average one pound Bterlio" towards the payment for his food from that country. The increase in the value of im- ports iu 1845 above 1844 amounts to £27,434 sterling ; that of exports to £512 sterling The carrying trade is naturally in the hands of the United States, and the vessels employed are generally of small burden, commonly making two and sometimes three voyages in a year. I have omitted, says Sir Robert, " to dwell particularly on the large annual importation ot horses •. the number is almost incredible were it not proved by official statements. These horsea are muallv imported from the United States, at a conside'able expense and the continued necessity , of replenishing the stock, attracted in 1842, the \ attention of the Legislature. The Finance ( oin- \ mittee in the House of Assembly in ^ov., 1832, observe.!, " The extraordiuury and almost incredi- ble nv nber of horses annually imported into this Island well deserves the consideration of the Leg- islature, with a view to the adoption of such measures as may be likely to check the heavy loss occasioned by the great mortality which takes place among them. From «th April 1832, to the 30th June 1842, the number of horses imported amounted to 8318, giving a yearly average ot 9''4 The numbcM' of horw's returned to the , treasury in 1841 was 4052, so that ihe mortality , among thes^o animals roaches the frightful amount , of 26 per cent, requiring the renewal ot the whole i stock once in four years," during the three subse- | nuent years, 1843 to 1845, 2057 were iinported. The present agricultural, commercial and hnancial resources are as follows, the produce ol susar, • and molasses, nmomitcd upon an average of tove years (1841 to 1846) to 21.061 hogsheads, 1500 teirces, and 930 barrels of sugar, ami 4.20 pun- cheons of molasses, the number of ships which entered the port of Bridgetown upon an average uuring that period were 835 of 88,917 tons man- ned 0413 seamen. The value of exports upon a "iniilar average amounted to £083.630 Os ster- ling, the revenue upon n.iaveragffl.yc.^ £70,«02 ys. siediut;, m.u -.»'" •' '-' - a much greater increase. „ i i i „,!,i, Now taking the trade of this smaU Island with the United States, we find that the imports amount annually, taking an average of five years from 1841 to 1845-to £148,538 14s. 5d sterling, and in 1845 they amounted to £188.686 15s. od while the exports during that period to the United States cover onlv £1471. The excess amounting to from £140,000 to £190,000 sterling, is carried awov in specie or in bills of exchange upon Lou- don." The value of imports from the Umtcd States in 1845, consisting of bread flour, corn grain, meal, rice, salted meat, Ac, amounted to nearly £125.000 sterling; the carrying trade is in the hands of the United States, and the Yessels employed are generally of small burden, com- monly making two and sometimes three voyages in the year. . ^ , • £ j Of the trade with the British Colonies we find the value of the whole imports from all the Brit- ish North American Colonies to be in 1845, A.u., £39,343 128. 7d. sterling; of this sum, imports bj the value of £29,637 178. 6d. consisted ot fish, lumber, staves, Ac, are next in "°.P«'J''°f ' .^" the British Colonies can't compete with the Umtjd States. The decrease in the number of vessels and their tonnage is veiy co nsiderable if com- pared with 1843. when the tonnage amounted to 12.000, during the two subsequent years it de- creased some"3000 tons. It will be observed that we have limited our observations to the impoi- tance of the commercial position of a single Island among a group of much larger ones; *"«'•«*' magnitude of the trade of the whole of tho e 1 British Colonies must surely be a most desirable i subject for contemplation by a peci>le having all i those means at their command which \vould make that trade their own. This Province at "o ir.fliug expense responded to the invitation ot the l^m- peror of the French, and sent to the Exhibit .luu Paris a collection of products and manutactures, which astouisheu Europe, and proved the innate capabilities of Canada. The author of that ex- celUnt report " Canada at the Univei^al Exhibi- tion." says, the most beneficial results must in- evitably arise from the knowledge conveyed to the whole of Europe of the resources of our beautiful country, from this popularity, created in I the minds of all the transatlantic "f ions, from 1 this interest everywhere inspired, with respect to the affairs of Canada. It ^""^^ ».«f «t '^H^ difficult, if not impossible, to predict wMt will ! he the results »s regards commerce and em gra- ' tion • all that will in a great measure depend up- on the energy of our leading mcrcAan<«, and to a cerahi extent also upon the action o the Legis- fa ure " After having achieved this triumph shall it be saia in another decade, that Canada notwith- standing her ability to do much, has neglected all ?r Surces and Bpent her energ eajn^dom^^^^^^ 10 TllF, rUTUllE OF CA^'ADA. than gratify tlieir own paltrytinil disgustingj^elfish- ness. Rather let us hear that our energies being quickened not only by the knowledge of our in- herent power, but ev,cn by leveises*, wc improved those resources which have won for us such dis- tinction, increasing both our commercial and po- litical status. In the dawn of all great nnd im- portant enterprises experience proves tliat un- foreseen events darken and mar tlie original plan, which frail human foresight originated : if there- fore in constructing a highway through the country, perfection was not at once attained, if there should be much to condemn in the management and conduct of the stupcnduous undertaking which has given an impetus to the commercial and agricultuial interests, which it would have taken years by any other mode to have accomplished, we mav certainly deal lightly with the errors of those of who had the daring itnd skill to conceive and carry out our railway system which gives such facilities for the transportation of produce and products of every kind at all and every season of the year. With this hichway finished can we for a for a moniont siippuse that the enterprising niei- chant will long consent to bo limited U a single market! "Naval power and navigation,, it has been said, are the children of ccramerco," and hence the shipping interest of a couiiti y is a pret- ty good criterion of its commercial greatness. 'I'here cannot be a doubt but that our commerce is great enough, there is strong reason to doubt our discreetness in conductiug it. If we do not our- elves seek to establish connexions with other markets, wo surely will be lag- gards in a race in which the competition is keen. The Ameiican who has always been alive to. the value of market stiekin^j, carries out thi favorite doctrine of his, as admirably poitrayed by Hali burton in his i?am Slick, not only in vending clocks but in V(!nding his corn and salted meats, his corn brooms and buckets. Now that we, in the com- pass of our own domain, have ihe retidy means of access to the sea-board, the riches of the bountiful W est must flow P'astward and demand a ready distribution over Ihe world. With the rapid in- crease of external commerce must come a corres- ponding iuerease in our meieaulile navy, and as a further consequence, increased importance to the Canudian element of the empire — to this cli- max \ve are fast hastening. Arc we preparing ourselves for that conflict of opinions, the decis- ion of which will seal our destiny ? dentlemen, we surely have spoken the true sentiment."' of Ca- nada when wo declared it to be impossible for us to be diacged as inferiors at the heels of any nation. Wo arc haughty enough to demand that we slall be, when ripe for the change, received as an integral portion of a great Empire, the shadows of condng «ventB liuve been strongly cast in the Imjiorinl I'ar- liamcnt, and outside that deliberative bodv the question of colonial representation has been opened up for discussion; and circumstances are daily tran- spiriug which concur to bring the subject within a narrower issue. Had the great O'Counell been less selfish— if he had cast his eye towards the colonial possessions and summoned from their lethargy the millions of British who expatriated to these distant limits found themselves bereft of all that could possibly rtnder them free-men or stimulate their minds to the accomplishment of mighty deeds, who can doubt but that he would have discovered a system of government which would have given to Ireland the management of its own affairs and to the Colonies a position not inferior to that which was claimed for Ireland. Scotland, under some of her nobles, has lately raised what was wont to ^be called "the Irish howl" and shows how impossible it is t > homo- logate separate powers, and from the same cen- tral point apply them beneficially to all and every purpose. The affair.s of a mighty nation are themselves of a magnitude sufRcieut to engage the brightest intellects, and while man possesses a limited range of mental power it willbe neces- sary to restrain liis intellectual work within cer- tain areas. British statesmen will discover this in time, and the elasticity of the British Consti- tution will jiermit that wholesome change to be effected, which in other States has to be achieved only by revolution. What think you is the real import of that cry for confederation which has startled the national ear— commenced in Canada, Cfiught up in the West Indies, and echoed in Aus- tralia/ Confederate the colonies, bind as it were the bundle of sticks into a compact form, and how long think you will the larger old faggot remain standing by itself? Confederate the colonies of England and as a necessary result the Imperial Pailiament itself niust undergo a change, for tlu) system of local legislation will be npnlied to the Islands of Britain and her Imperial repre scniativcs be rcidly what they ought to the repre- sentatives returned by a whole empire. If then Canada is lo be placed in such harmony with her p;ir. nt state it must be our part to coul;ribute to iiasten its cousunnnatiou for we liavo either this or one alternative. We are next door neighbors not to the parental roof it is true, but next to our mother's son.and altho'one may dislike the arrange- ments of his liousehold and feel inclined to quar- rel with some of his peculiar notions, yet if ho proffers us a seat at his own board and admits us into his family as an equal, feelings of propriety and self-iespect might tempt us to prefer the hos- ' pilality of thiit brother's liouse t