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Toua laa autras axamplalraa originaux sont filmte an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Impraaalon ou d'iiluatration at an tarminant par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa symbolaa suivanta apparattra sur la darni*ra Imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la caa: la symbola — »> signifia "A SUIVRE", la symbols ▼ signifia "FIN". Laa cartaa, planchas, tablaaux, ate, pauvant Atra filmia * daa taux da reduction diff«rants. Loraqua la documant aat trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saui clichA, il aat film* A partir da I'angia supAriaur gaucha, da gaucha h droita, at do haut an baa, an pranant la nombra d'Imagas nAcaasaira. Laa diagrammas suivanta illuatrant la mAthoda. 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 DLLECTION I ^ ■ I ii r ii II I 373. i T86 - */•" \ T Si .^m': '-M liJ?t / fmmmmmm .-<«. I m HI ST OR OP THE ynding df m^ Forefathers' AT PLYMOUTH, . ^ANDOF THEIR MOST REi^llA Bl» Mngagements wkh ihetndmf^ IN NEW.ENGr.AN0 From their firat landing in 1630, untP fhe*ina! £u' "^t!^ tioa of the Natives in i6r?» "* li TO WHICH IS ANNEXED, TH« DF.FEAT e^?^** Br THE INDIANS AT TflK w^ll^RD. J«^ BY HENRY TRUfllli^ l|^^ pvj.. * ^^ vj « vy 1 C Hs i i ltJ3. t , a.'- i^' K-. P"iPXfPi i^ii"ipii r§ ?>(*« DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, t&wht BE IT REMfiMBERKD, That Oft %he twenty-fourth dt^ ofDecembett in the tkirty-jijth year of the Indepentt. ence of the Unged States of America^ HENRY TRUM- BULL, of th^id District, hath deposited in this Office the title of a booA, the right whereof he claims as author^ in the words following, to wit :— ." History of the Discover ry ofHmerico-^of the Landing of our Forefathers at Ply- mottthj and of their most remarkable engagements with the SrJiatts, in New-England, from their frst landing in 1620, |Rtf/7 the final subjugation of the natives in )679<^»o which is aimxcdy the D^eat of Generals Braddock, Harmer and Qair, by the Indians at the Westward, Hfc;^ ^hfomityto the act of the Congress^ of the United .et^itled <♦ An Act for the encouragemerd of learningt frtng the copies of maps, charts, and bpoks, to the ^i proprietors of such copies, during the times therti* # "^ iL Wn EDWARDS, Clerk of the district tg Qmcjiticult. *•% \ DISCOVERr OF AMERICA^ BY CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. •1 :' V M. lANKIND owe the discoTerfof the western world to the gold, the silver, the precious stones, the spices, silks, and costly manufactures of the East; and 6vc» these incentives were for a considerable time, insumcient to prompt to the undertaking, although tbe tg|^ skilful navigator of the age proffered to risk hisli^ in Ae at- tempt* Christopher Columbus, who was destinect to thj high honor of revealing a new hemisphere to Europe* •ns, was by birth a Genoese, who had been e«rlytf4a^ cd to a seafaring life, and, having acquired every brai^cfc of knowledge connected with that professioft, Was no i^g distinguished by his skill and abilities, than for liiafn^' pid and persevering spirit;^ThU man, whea ^hynf^^^ years of age, had formed the great idt^t of > en£^ * the Eastlndies by sailing westward ; b^, as hijr ^t •was very small, and theauerapt reqtttt-e#f'* * * ' patronage, desirous that his native couritt^ by his success, he laid his plan before the s noa, but the scheme appearing obimerk^^ it ed.— 'He then repaired to the court though the Portuguese were at that for their ^mmercial spirit, and JoHiri edj was a discerning and ent«|>ri^ jMrcpossefcsions of the great mti m h -f 'JBrC-J '5W!S1^"' 'Hsm. y-'A w. t-M w r*-' ■*. S' 'L^ the natter was referred, caused Columbus finally «o fell in bis attempt there also. He next applied to Ferdi- ^A)tli and IsABiLLA, king and queen of Arrogpn and Castile, and at the same tftne sent his brother Barthol- OMKW (who followed the same prof|s8ion ; and who waa well qualified to fill the immediate place under such a leader) to England, to lay the proposal before Hevrt VII. which likewise, very fortunately for the future well being of the countryj met with no success.— -Many were the years which Christopher Columbus spent in inef- fectual attendance at the Castillian court ; the impoverr ished state into which the finances of the united king- doms were reduced, the war with Qranada, repressing CTcry disposition to attempt to great designs ; but the var being at length terminated, the pdwerful mind of ISABELLA broke through all obstacles ; she declared her. it^the patroness of Columbus, whilst her husband Fer. _ I^Aup, declining to partake as an adventurer, in the Voyage, only gave it the sanction of his name. Thus dl^'1«ie superior genius of a women efiect the discovery cfone half the Globe! • The ships sent on this important search were only th'.ee in number, two of them very small : they had nine- . ly men on board. Although the expence of the expedi- tion had long remained the sole obstacle tq its being yn- dbrtakcn, yet, when every thing was provided, the cost ^ijtoof aniount to more Uvp.n 17,760 dollars, and there #i^1^elve months provisions put on board* i-t^uLUMBus set sail from port Palos, in the province of AndMusia, on the 3d of Aiigprf^, 1492 : he proceeded tq fhe Cann&ry Ulands, and from t^ce directed his course nue W. in the latitude of about ^N.^tn this course he caB^R»sd for two monlhs, withoo| falling in with any Imit, which caustd &ui;li a boirit of discontent and mii^ ^i;,"^ arise m the superior address and manageniem* lieved himstlf then 10 be oh an island which was siluatii adjacent tothe Indies.— Proceeding to the^L be ww,:M*rct, pther islands, which he named St. Mli^;^ '^ ^ ' tion, Ferdinand and Isabella— At ien^plfe arr^^i very large island, and as he bad taken seven •! lives of San Salfiiii' onboard, he learned from "'was called Cub% but he gave ii the bame of J He next prooiidel to an isl^d wbfciii nola, in honor of the kingdorttlby 11 ' pd, and it still bears the tiame of H *t>uiit a fort and forna^ a small set turned home, 1ia||ngfi board some lie had taken from i^e different island^ %i}ihern course, he ieli in with sott)tC^„,^ Mimds^ and arrived at the Pert of Fid^^ * ^ mi 'S^hm,;nmimikait^ .irtmiBiwi^Miw*? ./' ,/ ^•fc!., im hawfbeen seven month, indelmnday. on thii most important voyage. ^* On hi« arrival letter, patent were issued by the king •nd queen conarmmg to Columbus and to his heirs aS the pnv,Icges contained in a capitulation which had been executed before his departure, ancf hi. family was en„o. ron^lr^I't^***"'"^'' **"'"'* ***»*«' nation, of Eu. rope, seem to have adopted the opinion of Columbus .n con«.denng the countries which he had discovered a. .par of Ind.a.^Whence Fehb.k.kb and IsaaKL" gave them the name u Mes" in the ratification of their former agreement with CoLUM.us.-Even after the Z ror was detected the name was retained, and the appel- *^ mZV^'Vf''''' " "-'^ given by all Europe t, . thh country, .nd that of Indians to the inhabitants. Nothmg could possibly tend more effectually to rouse •very actwe principle of human nature, than thediscove r.cs whfch Columbus had made ; „o time was therefore o« nor expence spared, in preparing a fleet of ships, *.tb Which :b,s great man should revisit ^le countrie. he had made known—Seventeen ships were got ready in MX months, and fifteen hundred persons embarked on ^cl tht^m, among whom were many of noble famiiies. «wbo had filled honorable stations.^Tbese engaged toUe enterpriae from the expectation that the new dia- ea^d country was either the Cipango of Marco Paulo, or ihe^htr from which Solomon obtained his gold aN preJSous merchandize. Firdinand, now desiJou. ^r'^'!^'^^^ ^"^ ^""^ ^'^''^ »*"« "»^'"'"e to venture 11**'"'''^' ^PP"**^ *° »*»« P«P« to be invested with V^lfei'v!'"* '"'^^ discovered ijnmries, as well as to .H Nipt fiscovcries in that direction J but as itwasnc €^ssury tb^ there shouid be some favor of religion in th? ?si:?5i, h«. ibuadea his pk^ on a desire of converting rtewrtge natiro to the nomithA which i.l.» ».j •IB desired effect. ^^ ^ AtK;t»i,»„ VI. .ho then filled the p.p.i 'ci,.!, =, •ugh. to be mentioned, «w ,he mo., proai«.e .^T II.^ ,doned of men : being , „a,lve of ArCn ^ ^ • of conciliating the favor of Febo»I2 l^J"'"^* of .ggranai.ng hi. famil,, He r.Sri:::t, Z^, .towed on F.an,»./„ and C;,.''r. .'r,"'*-- inea inhabited by infidels, which theV h.H i- J" Bnt a. itjvas necessary to-prev;:": t'hi7g .ttriM ;• ^Il^gTheTpp^Xra'^- -"- "--"-r f»m U .0 pX one «nd edTeaZT "'tr "' *"""• of the Azores should serve a.Tl!^?, k . """""' In the plentitude of hi, ;r,r feudist:.' r. me west of it upon the Spaniards. ^*^ Columbus set «Aii nn l:- '^ ^i«. on the «:: of 'sc;e:r !:;r i"' r •''=- at St. Espagniola he l.,V,T m- ' *'""' ''* ""'»«> Spaniard^ »\om L^h ^'l .V,^"'"" '» «'!'' "«' -' "•« .ix in number. h.d been pu to de^rbrf '* """'* revenge for the inauli. .Z^ . " ""■ '""'""• '» ".it J.-A«er hrre^rhrr^r "■""'"• «.e. .ndtpoim nrhtr'^rD ' <"•"» «^ %*■ •s Deputy Governor in I,?.! """*' '» <"•**« S4.h of April. I«4 "ilea; ""«• ^''"-•" "<.>* , bark,, tomake furh-J °'"'' ""'""'""»''•' •W. voyage t J;. .S^'""'"'" '» -'"e .e«,.^ •l.hman/.m3^.lLr?°rf'' «« -on*^«d Mfil ■mynnportMcewceptthei lisiie ■ ■ ? e mQia Soon after h\i ^j^km to Hispanlolai he resolvec^ Ui inake war with the wBians, who according to the Span- iah historians, amounted to 100,000 men ; these having experienced every lawlees act cf violence from their in- vaders, were rendered extremelf inveterate, and thirsted for revenge} a disposition which appears to have been foreign from their natures.— Having collected his full force, he attacked them by night, whilst they were as- sembled on a wide plain, and obtained a most decisive victory, without the loss of one man on his part.— .Be- tide the effect of cannon and fire arms, the noise of which was appalling, and their effect against a nume- rous body of Indians, closely drawn together, in the highest degree destructives Columbus had brought over with him a small body of cavalry—The Indians who had never before seen such a creature, imagined the Spanish horses to be rational beingsj and that each Vith its rider formed but one animal ; they were aston- ished at their speed, and considered their impetuosity and strength as irresistible.— In this onset they had be- fide another formidable enemy to terrify and destroy them t a great number of the largest and fiercest species of dogs which were then bred in Europe, had beea >,brought hiiher, which, set on by their weapons, with- out attempting resistance, ihey fled with all the speed ^Which terror could excite— Numbers were slain, and more made prisoners, who were immediately consigned M stave ry. The tharKcter of Columbus stands very high in th© estimation of mankind ; he is venerated not only as « man possessing superior fortitude, and such a steady perseverance, as no imped! m»nts, clangers or sufferings could shake, but as equally distinguished for piety and virtue.— His second son FsRCiNAND, who wrote thc^H^ yi kia &tacr, apologises for this s«T«rity toward* ih^m: ■" ,^. ^ ■ . '^} ' I", ^^Jfc f^ eSit flvcB, efh accotifitorthe distreag(J|ta(e into which *tn toh y was brought : the change of climate, and the in- flispensable labors which were required of men unac tustomed to any exertions, had swept away great num- bers of the ncwseulcrs, and the survivors were declin- ing dally, whilsusuch was the irreconcileable enmity of the natives, that the most kind and circumspect conduct on the part of the Spaniards, wonld not have been effec tual to regain their good will—This apology seems to" have been generally adraiiled, for all modern Writers have bestowed upon the discoverer of the new world the warmest commendations unmixed with censure— It is an Unpleasant task to derogate from exalted merit, and to impute a deliberate plan of cruelty and extirpation to a inan revered for moral worth; but., although a pert af- fectation of novel opinions could only originate in weak mind., and can be countenanced only by such, yet a free and unreserved scriulny of facts, can alone seperate truth from error, and . apportion the just and intrinsic de«*e of merit belonging to any character— That CoLvmn had formed the design of waging offensive war agirtnst the Indians, and reducing them to slavery, before be en- tered upon h.s second voyage, and, consequently befort he was apprized of the destruction of the people wfcUi* he had left upon the island of Hispaniola, may be fm^ red fiom his proceeding himself with such a number t*" fierce and powe«|Pul dogsi , Having found the natives peaceable and well d%of*4 lie bad no reason to apprehend that they w6^i ■»».» .ub,.c,r ever n^^de'^rof'^^'engine Which , ff mankind, «„ .oo„er «aLd .„ k """''J°»«'« '*« »a.. '" •«. proper force i, "^w L , " ■*.""''"' ""» "X «o renounce every prcenteTl' '^° '"^'*' "' Poopl' "fa na«ve «i,/^o,ed ^ r.^;''' '-"""" e love . Md loaettle in ,he dreary „iH.' ""•■/"■•"• connexion,, ^ When England by ^vL t ™,'' ' " """"' ~'«'-»' «»m„ance,, .hrew» « »« "eW to ^ h. •r«e«The bonir^il *"""""'' ''»' "« «'» magi,. Jf»R.«.pen,ionr r;t;:';;-'>".7;''"ed from*: ""effor.hin.oenergTby'het^*""';"" »' '«»8.h *" ind daring spji, , '. """""» "'"«»« '»o ar, «!«i "erciaed all Tp ™;.T„"'" :"'^'"" ™1"'re,; it?" •««diver.i,y ofTr' "'* P"»»"»—Hence P>*.-ec<. and dllr nT;f Cht "'" r '° »^^ JH!ioni«.. eompoln^'hrrr/V"' '""'«"««'J »• h.'ing previou'iy de< rained , ' **■■• «'""'^<». ''-e.h.yn,ishfbetrdt:o;'hr' •-"-nr «o lf.e dictatt. of their ,:„„. . '"'"'"P "^o". agreeable l»Dd. and ,.,.,.., .' .r'.""«'9W«, emigrated to H„i. cui Pi Leydcft J ^hc^^ j^^^ cq^! "'>~_ #^ '2^S^^'Si>^mmm.:.-^i-*>>>>^.-<»',»M'..^mmm»4. ■ —18-- ginned to reside until the year 1620, Although the ee* clesiastical laws of Holland did not at this time sanction or condemn the principles of any particular sect of chris- tians, yet great were the disadvantages under which the emigrants labored ; for notwithstanding the Dutch gave them a welcome reception, and mapifested a disposition to treat them with great respect, they never could be prevailed upon by the former to conform to their mode of worship, or to renounce principles which the English conceived destructive to moral society ;— nor did the em- igrants here succeed in other respects agreeable to their views— so far from increasing their little flock they found that in the course of ten years, they had experienced m diminution of more than one half their original number-,*, many, in consequence of the impoverished state of the country, had spent their estates and returned to England. Hence it was that the remaining few formed the deter- mination of attempting once more to seek a country bet- ter adapted to their pious purposes, and such as wouki promise a more fruitful abode to their offspring. %f some the unexplored parts of America was proposed, and after a day set apart for solemn humiliation and praiae to AiMiGHTT God, it was resolved that a part of the church shpuld first emigrate to America, and if there meeting with a favorable reception, should prepare ao Abode for the remainder. They easily obtained a royal grant of a very exten«^ tract of land (now called New England) whither they in tended to repair, not to amass wealth, or to exterminate the inhabitants, but to subsist by industry, to purcliase security by honorable intercourse with the naiives, and to acquire strength under the auspices of freedom. They made a purchase of two smaU shins, shd etst iK^ ^ih August, I62q, having repaired to Pklaoulh (Engk) for the purpose, were in readiness tQ ciii|aik j pr^iou* ;«,vS ' ) ,-■■ j'i m ■ ^^.^HvflW"*.-!' hi* ..w»4r At 11 A. M. with a hit wind they «et Mil unti w;i ocArM ,o .!»,«« their p,.^ ;„,„ .^^ g* "'*'^ •twly «hey »F.re to.«d .bout .t the m.t« of the w«y« -.he .hip, we« hcerer enebM „ ke.p^.,„ ' V^;^ Th.?/ ."l ""''"""S """«• «««1 no longer «.wo«hr .,.b^.do„ed her.„d were «cei,ed on bo,r*e Iheir babjtalbns and obtain therefrom a fresh supply of provision, of which they were much in want ; but in im they did not fully succeed^At about noon they;ii?ea Wan extensive phit of cle^r ground, near which they discovered a pond of fiesh water, and seveivl antatt hit. locks of raised earth, which they conjectured td il*^» graves of the Indians— proceeding a little further i«^t they discovered a kirge quAntlty of stubble, which \^ imagined to be that of some kind of Indian grain ptcu^ Har to the country ;*they also dl$eaycred a spot wheW they suspected an Indian hut Had recently stood, a. *:; found nearby some planks curfeus^ wrought apd a im.K earthi^rn pot-proceeding still farther they ditcotfc4,c*!^|- number more of the litile hillocks of M»hef> jr^ntii^ $«sv^ u^^jOcu, and which they now *^fp; to. -stti tv tic tfcie plMe of deposit t»f soiasthiBg m^ thm # H' ^m^' %■ ' m\ T— ^ ,p mentioned .'-it was atil) in ♦!. * ^""^^^ "'^o^* ».k. Know, .,e dUc.,„, .^ti; bl^lj^. "'"" *"' Having suceeeded with .ome difficulty in reaehin* ,L place from wliicli they .I.M.H ih.. J'""«cl«neilie whom tbey Bad Uftteh !d »'.K .? ' "" '''' ""»« 0/ «he grain which th« h!^ f '.*"""" * 'P'"""» «.h p.rdX i.T-,::z;Lr:Z''f "■:'" '»™tio„.d, .ith which being « much ..r^" termed iVH« Plv^..,i. ■ ' "''' P'"«d, ther *...ichtbf7iafferb'i:s rnr^^^^^^ "■t^"" •' eluded to abide until such .imr^ T J"* ""'' ""■ «.uld be made-the™d a ft- .' """" *'"'"'" Helen, to .heiter .herfrolihe wrherT/ ""'' •,■"■ by »u..al consent entered into 71,em„ ' T """ beirgt'.^adlT'"" '"';"■"'"' '""''^flP, Which » ursc read and assented to bi^ thi* #»«««i..H ^°«y-t.nto which we promise aU due submission and obediencc^In witness whereof we I7he m,r',' 't^'^''^ ""' "'^"^"' «* New.Plrmo«h> «n the loih day of December, A. D. lew." John Carver, Wilfiam Bradfordf, '■ Edward Winslow, William Brewster', Isaac Allerton, Miles Standish, Joseph Fletcher^ John Goodman, Samuel Fuller, Christopher MartiA^ William White, Kichard Warren, John Howland, n Kopkinfs, Priest, , Williams^ ■Winslow, John Aldcrt, John Turner, Francis Eatori, James Cbiltoor John Craxton, John Biliington, Kichard BUteridge, George Soule, Edward Tilley, John Tilley, Thomas Rogers, Thomas Tinker, John Ridgdale, • Edward Fuller, Richard Clarke, Richard Gac^iner^ John Allertdn, ~-m- s\fiz.ssz^ \ Vij '*»v»»«f Edward LieSter, «w«t prtwetded by ballot to the km^- .* ••■f\ --.law; were Governor C*i.vER.M«.r.n ""' P'^'P"" sr.».., How.,„;:;tr;"rKr'rr^^ embarked at 10 A.M. »i h . ^j!" "f"''.''"'" '"''■'J' «« deep bay of Cap. Codlo " he L:n"*''r'«'""« .tey di,coTered a ,.rge nar,, rf j! Z?'"'"""" ?'" who were e™p,„,ed in 00,78 up a 6.h ~ "m""'"" grampus i by onJer of GoveLr A. ""'"''''"e « m.... Nmedia-ely for .he~b^ ^J";,'^: ^■'«';."' c^tred by .h. Indians, .ha« .hek w .ra^n IT" '"^ M»at.,, de.er.ed "- *«?>••. / v>;'' M •*!5?^.^l* %jf^i Vin for thsir arms, which having obtained, Ihe whole were ordered to form a close body and proceed with moderate pace for the boat, and if hard pushed by the uaiives, to face about and give then> the contents of their muskets :— —the Indians perceiving the English retiring, rushed from their strong coverts, and were on the point of at- tacking them in the rear with clubs, hatchets, stones, &c. when they received the fire of the latter, which brought three or four of them to the groundr-the Indians halted, viewed for a few moments with marks of aatoai&hment and-surprize, their wounded brethren, and then with one general united yell (which probably might have been iieard at the distance of three miles) fled in every direc- tion J^tfais was tht first engagement between the English and natives in N*v).England, and probably the first time that the latter had ever heard the report of a musket I The English embarked and returned immediately ,Ap Ncw^PIymouth, having been absent four days without making any important discoveries. The company dca^ pairing oi making any further discovery of imporMuice during the winder, concluded to remain at their winter quarters until the spring ensuing. The winter proved an uncommonly tedious one, during which a gre^ toro portion of the company sickened and died-unacutJ^bm- cd to hardship, and deprived of many of the iiecesaaiitfs of life, they fell victims to the inclemency of the season ; —being thus reduced to a veny«mall number, tbcy would have fallen an easy prey to iheHayagw, lu^ the lawtu- (relying on the superiority of their strength) tjllaplaU ihem-but the natives having by bitter c5tperiena4|«Ei|. «d theeiBBCts of their fire-arm valthougMhey wei^fej^ Been by^til^ English at a distance, not on* of thei«i«|Jd be P«r«vi^te<^ upon to approach Ib^m within gun ^mm-. Ill about 4J|g. gnt K ii/Ik l t^«. ; . ^f^^^W^ "•"-"*«"*'"» '°*'> wft^ to their great ti%^' J?ri»%^^ Indian came boldly up to them and ad lat:* 1 ' - It 'S wl\ / B^Ie^ ^V^' them in broken English l-he in&rmed (hem that he hti longed to an eastern part of the country, and was »c^ guainted with a number of their countrymen, who c^mo ' frequently there to procure fish, i^id q( whom be learned to ipeak their language; This Indian proved very serviceable to the company, in supplying them with provision, in acquainting tbem with the state of the country, the number and »ircngi|> of the natives, and the nam« of their chief sachem, iq whom be said the land which they improved belonged.*^ Ihe indian being dismissed with mirny presents m^ friendly assurances, he the day following returned ac- companied by the grand sachm (M4S«abo|et} and ^ number of his chief men, to vbom the English gave | vefcome reception, presenting them with many trioket« which the native^ esteemed of great value.-^Wiih Ma^ SASQiBT a treaty waa proposed and concluded the day fol- lowing, in which it was stipolated that the English an4 fmtivea were to live amicabfjr together, and tbat the latter were to furnish the former with provision, and to receivf in pay therefor soch articles as the former were willing t« part with-oto which terms both parties continued ev«|? fifter-faithfully to adhere. In May 1621, the English pianied their Jirst earn t^f 2fevt'EttgIand»^l^ July following their worthy Governor aickened and died— .his death waa grealy lamented by those of the company who survived him, and by whom he was interred with all possible solemnity ; his loving consort survived him but a few weeks. In August the company made choice of Mr. Williak BaAPf ojtp, to ftil the vacancy occasioned by thedeatll'Qf Gov* Caevkb. New-England from this period began to be rapidly peop cd by the Europeans ; jo great was the emigraUoo from the njoibtr country, thai in less than sixf earsfroni iliv time that the first adventurers landed mt NfwFly? pUMtht ihktt were itTCD con»id«rtbI« towns buUt and i^ ^led in MaitacbuMtti lod Plymouth colonics. In the sumiufr of Ifiaf, Mr. Ekpicot, one of tbo pngiMl planters, was sent ov«r to begin a plantaUoo at Naumlceag, (now Salein)-th« June following about 200 persons, furnished with four ministers, came over and ^joined Mr. Emdicot's cobnjr j and the next year they ^rmed themselves into a regular church. This was the first church gathered in Massachusetts, and the second in New England; The church at Plymouth had been gathered eight years before. In 16^9, a large embarka. tion was projected by the company in EngUnd j at the irequest of a nun^ber of respectable gentlemen, most of whom afterwards came over to New-England, the gene- ral consent of the company was obUined, that the gevem^ ipent should be transferred and settled in Massachusetta. In 1630, seventeen ships from diifersnt ports in Eng. land arrived in Massachusetts, with more than 1500 pi^i. •engers, among whom were many persons of distinction. Incredible were the hardships they endured— reduced to p scanty pittance of provisions, and that of a kind to which they had not been accustomed, and destitute of necessary accommodations, numbers sickened and dicdi so that, before the end of the year, they lost 200 of their number. About this time settlements were made at Charlestown, Bostoji, Dorchester, Cambridge, Rojibiii. ryi and Medford* In the year 1632 and 1633, great additions weffmadc to the colony. Such was the rage for emigration to New.England, that tiie king and council thought Bt to issue an order, February r, 1^3, to prevent it. The prder however, was not strictly obeyed/\,* In 1635i the foundation of a new coloi^y'^I^IJai^f ^q 4^nne0ticUt« adioininc' the rivf>p whicK JiL.*..- «k-^..-,L 4l» H^ i of this river and the coui«|;f |^c|htj I^j^i-^ * ^%- ^R*i i U ' Sat, aod Lord Brook, were thr proprietor., at the mouth ofstld..,, . ion by their dnction wa b2 Th^J in honor to 0«(^m. wag rali^^ «. u . , * wnicli WM called Saybrook for —New-H** ven was settled aoc.u after thi. k.,jm r '"'^'^ "** »^tf»av,g„, .„db.a...orpr.y, becmel pI.c.of W»^ of «r ifcftecuted forefwher,. • r^!r\.^ ''"'"' ' "" "«'»". "J'hough .her .t bZ «pp»ared barmleu and »..ii ^s.™ j ' ««i",. from u« „';^ Tn ";.r^ .""T" "^ "" «r^io»s,f..euuer.h;r„rort';:r.t CHAP. m. tOMMENCEMENTOF HOSTIUTIES WITH THE NATIVES. the b™er„,*r ' '"^^«^"<«»"» "hich inhabifd >.uMrr::: I'^i^i'^viier" '". --"■ •» cruel, and warlike t,-. v ^ ^"' * ^""> •beEnglUh; n ver li',' . "f» '""'«'"« "«mie. of . .„^,„^ ^„_ _.^-. wanton acli o4 tea** -!J4^, Wily.-*.In June, 1634, they treacherously mOrdered i Capt. Stohi and a Capt. Nokton, who had been hmg ia the habit of viniiingthem occaaonally to trade— In Au. gust, 1635, they inhumanly murdered a Mr. Weex» and his whole family, consisting of a wife and six chiU dren, and soon nftcr miuilered the wife and children of • Mr. Williams rerlding near Hartford.— Finding, how- ever, thai by their unprovoked acta of barbarity, they had enkindh d .!>« resentment of the English (who, aroused to a sense of their danger, were making prepamtion. to exterminate th.s cruel inbe) the Pequot. dt.patched messengers with g.fts to the governor of the new colo, nies (the Hon. Josiah WiNSLow)-he being, however mflexible in his determination to revenge the dewh. of h.s fnends, disminsed these messenger. I^ithoot «» to. swer-The Pequots finding the English resolute aiid determmed, and fearing the consequence of their re" sentment, th;' second time despatched messenger, with • large quantity of roampum (Indian money) as a pt^i,? to the governor and council : with whom the latter iiad a considerable conference, and at length cwcluJed • peace on the following term. :— «^wcmaea m T ^u „ A«TICLES. 1. The Pequots shall deliver uo to m* r.; v ^ . pf Connecticut. 'J'ng within the cokmy *I. The English, if disposed to traJe »itl. . I, „ quo,,, ,hall^ seated a. frfer.d,: ^ 'V «* »^ su;':^:j£:,rr" r"^ "«"«" ^-^ m I, i SbWi after the coHcluikm of pewe wleh ih^ v ^ i^, ihc EngK.h, to put their fair prom^C^o thl . T '^''°^*' .mailbox into the river, cm' heTrdeT, If'^ ^.^^ ^Ided, with the pretence of trade , but L gtat ^ta .he treachery of the natives, that after .uccTJn^L ft r prom»e» m entK^ing the cre*r of aaid boat on Tofe ihl were by them, inhomanly murdered ' ^ ThePequots despairing of again deteiying the En^ lish in the manner they had late dnn^ / I ^ rural enemies of the English com«..« ! ^ "■• KDrorlonue .. to f.ll into their hanLJ. A few Wr »«-e m Ih, mo., bra.,! n.mn.rp«, ,o dea h • .r«,3f •heir dying g«,a»,. ^ "' "■"" ""« ""kicking to.h.r™h ! ^'~" ""'■"'•''' "« Indian, wer« tetbe number of abou.on. hundred and Bfty, ,hev sur- rounded and furiously attacked the fort at n.idni»17hT .% yelling a„d mimicking ,H. dyingVols^f .«« Mb^l fallen v,cum. to their bsrbarity: but th. En- l..h being fortunately prorided «i.h a pie.e of c«nott «r two caused their savage enemies to groan i„ ZT^, •ho, after receiving two or three deadly fire, from th. *y "oTnd'er?""' '"""' "'^'^''"^ **"• ''"■' " ">•«■"• ■y wounded about twenty of their number j the Knglisl, ttti ained no loss in the ,ii.«k. ' '■"BiOB ■Ibo Gorcrnor and CancH ,f MawwhuMtta co!^»r. ^^ ■^.^^.^.^. —2s— ■ , iUrmea at the bold and daring cdnJucf of the Peanoif «n .he SO.h August di,pa.ched Cap,. Enb.cot" f slm them, unlesa they should consent to dehver up .be mur. Eoghsh had sustained. q.p,. Ekb.cot „.s direCl. .! proceed 6rs. to Block Island (.hen inhabi.: J ' p ! we ,sl,„d_the women and children were to be soared hence he ,.s .0 proceed ,0 the Pequot con2yX2tZ InLn. , , """'"' =' S'^k-l'land, about six.y Indians appeared on .he shore and opposed hisTd.W ^.s on the island, in ^hirUmX d^d' Z ,!lTr and about 50 canoes, when .hey Z'Jm aarbor. Cap.. E«d.cot acquainted the enemv »iih hu «.v.s.„3wampsand,ed,es,inacc;s,ib,err.:;?; ^ b "rnt th'"'" ""''" •"' "'^" "" ''•"" ''«" '"- '- ^tv ';^is^imw' \i' u had conquered and governed the natibns around tHeri^ wuhout controul-^tbey viewed the English as strangers and mere intruders, who had no right to the counts nor tocontroul its original proprietors, independent prin. ces and sovereigns-they had made t atlements at Con- necticut without their consent, and brought honie the Indian kings whom they had conquered, and restored to them their authority and lands— they had built a forf, and were making a settlement without their approbation m their very neighborhood-indeed they had now pro- ceedcd to attack and ravage the country ;— the Pequots m consequence breathed nothing but war and revenge y they were determined to extirpate or drive all the Eng. l.3h from New-England. For this purpose they concelv* J>d the plan of uniting the Indians generally against them j they spared no art noi- pains to make peace with «he Narragansets, and to engage them in the war a- gamst the English : to whom they represented that the Enghsh, who were merely foreigners, were overspread- ing the country, and depriving the original inh|bitant8 Of their ancient rights and possessions ; that unleii ef- fectual measures were immediately taken to prevent it, they would soon entirely dispossess the original proprie. taffl and become the lords of the continent ; the^ ip^. . cd4hat by a general combination they could either de- •troy or drive them from the country, that there wouW be no necessity of coming to open battles, %at by kil- ling thc.r cattle, firing their houses, laying albushes on the roads, m the fields, and wherever they could sur- ' pnze and destrqy them, they might accomplish their wishers ;-.they represented that if the English should ef- lect the destruction of the Pequots, they would also soon tveatroy the Narr^an«ets. So just and politic wer« these representatiottli that nothing biit that thirst for «- ^enge, which inim^ the sayage heart, coufii have re. — sr- \ Bisted their influence, indeed it is said thai for some time the Narrag^ansets hesitated. ^ The governor of the colonies, to prevent^an union be- tween these savage nations, and to strengtlijen the peace between the Narraganset Indians and the i^olonies, dis- patched a messenger to inyitv Miantinomi^. their chief sachem, to Boston.— The invitaiion was accefjted by Mi- ANTiNowi, and while at Boston, with the Gd^vernor and Council entered into a treaty, the subslance\ of which was as follows (viz.)— That there should be a firm peace maintained between the English and Narragari^sets, and their posterity :— That neither party should make peace l»ith the Pequots without its being first muiualljAassent- ed to :— That the Narrigansets should not harljior the enemies of the English, but deliver up to them suVh fij- gitives as should resort tp them for safety :— TheV Eng- lish were to give them notice when they went out gainst the Pequots, and the Narraganseis were to Zrnish guides. \ In February, 163r, the English in Connecticut c^ony, represented to the Governor and Council their desife to prosecute more effectually the war with the Pequot8,fwho yet continued to exercise toward them the mtost wanton acts of barbarity.-They represented that on the'lOih January, a boat containing three of their countrymen was attacked by the enemy as it was proceeding down the river; that the English for some time bravely defended themselves, butwere at length overpowered by numbers ; , that the Indians, when they had succeeded in capturihg the boat's crew, ripped them up from the bottom of their bellies to their throats, and in like manner spht tl>em down their backs, and thus mangled hung then|^upon trees bj^the river s.de 1-ihey represented that the af&irs of Connecticut colonv at thi« mQ«w.^^^,-^ . -„.„__ l»y aspect J th^ they had suslafei^^^iae^bi caUio ■^i*- / t \ ^s«^ nor travel at home or abroad but at the peril of their lives :^Ti'i:r "'"^^'^^^^^p « -..an. tih s n.fehi and d,y, to go armed to their daily labours and to P.erurl":" """'''"-"'"' ■""""'S'. desirous o fore /umb,/pr:;:dr:.:irr '- "• '" '"""«"• of CoZo ilf , ""''" "■= "='■"'«"» '"""Wtant. ' '-°'?''':l'cut colony, roused the other colonies i» h«r -cit' ;::.'"''''•"' '•«'''«" i»prosee„.i„g.he ».' Jlt^rn ""''"" *""■*»"" ^«»' &rwa;a before .S o Z:* '" ""'" "•" ""^ ■"'■S'" be enabled sea! litid -enea^dt. f J"*"' "■'" """ "'"' "'"■'^"'d ""'e «aa engaged to furni^ih VO men. . Oh WetJnestlay the lOih MaJ th^ n . proceeded for thei. fort at Savbr t T"^'^"' ^^°«P» ^0 EufilUh„.eo and TO M Lean "d ' -^'^T^'^^^^ '^^ latter commanded bv rT„. ^ ^ "'''' ^"^'^ns^the and the wt/cX.^C'^l^r j;";,'''' ^o-^^- «ied«y ,he Bev. Mr. Sxo« „f h!:; . "'""'"" The Mohegan. being detached' fl^tlirht':':'"- way to Saybrook, fdl in with - V ^"^'""^*» °" ^*»eir enemy, whom t ey uacl d ' TlT'^'' ""''' °^^'^« .nd took 18 of .z^:t::'' '''"'^'' ^'^^^ '^'"^^^^ Among the prisoners there uas one »».. ni-^ed as u perfidious villian • he ha!i , ^ "^'^ ''""^• U.. r.rai. _^'"'an. he had lived m the fort wi:iv ... - ^. .« ....= u„,, i,,i,,, ^^^ ^^^j undc;-.tooU th^.^ language ; he remained attached to their interest untH the oommencementofhoslilUics with the Pcquots, when he deserted the garrison and joined the enemy, whom he served as guide, and through whose instigation many of the English had been captured and put to death.—UNcus and his men insisted upon executing him according to the custom of their ancestors, and the English, in the circumstances in which they then were, did not judge it prudent to interfere— the Indians enkindled a fire, near which they confined the prisoner to a stake, in which si- tuation he remained until his skin became parched with the heat ; the Mohegans then violently tore him limb from limb, barbarously cutting his flesh in pieces, they handed it round from one to another, eating it, while they sung and danced round the fire in a manner pecu- liar tp savages ! the bones and such parts of the unfortu- nate captive as were not consumed in this dreadful re- past, were committed to the flames and consume*, to ashes* On the 19th, Capt. Mason and his men proceeded hrr Narraganset bay, at which place they safely arrived ob the2Ut.~Capt. Mason marched immediately to the plantation of Cakonicits (a Narraganset sachem) and aw- quamtcd him with his designs, and immediately aft^ dis- patched a messenger to MiifNTooMi, to infbrnl%im hkewise of the expidition. The next day MiantimoI^, vith his chief counsellors and warriors met the Kogn»h —Capt. Mason informed him that the cause of his ciitei^. ing his country with an armed force was to avenge t|re injuries which the Pequots had done the £ngtist»i a^ desired a free passage lo their forts, which thbjr ita^^ to attack ;-after a solemn consullaiioD;i^vihe''"> > j •• isj- Weiiispatcb for the enemy's fortj-when within a «p# iod« of the fort, Capt. Maion lent for Umcas and Wk« tv. .,-: . '• —St-. two Sarfiems, qrbose lives were offered them on condition of their serving as guides to the Enghsh; / The English on iheir. march frequently fell in with •mall detached parties of the enemy, whom they captur- /ed or destroyed, but could not obtain any information rehtive to the main body communded by Sassacus— finding that the two sachem pris..n«rs would not give them the information required, they on the S'Jlh behead- «d them at a place called Menunkaiuck (now Guilford) ^ from which circumstance the place still bears the name * of « Sachems* head." The English on the SOth, arriv- «d at Quinnipiak (now New-Haven) where thcjr were in- formed by a friendly Pequot that the enemy were encamp- ed in a swamp, a kw miles to the westward— the #oop8 pushed forward and on the succeeding day arrived at the Aorder of said swamp, which they found a thicket so ex- trcmcly boggy as to render it inaccessible td any one but the natives— the English, therefore, thought it most adri- sablc to surround the swanjp and annoyiOie enemy as op« portunity presented }— the Indians, afilra few skirmishes, requested a parley, which being grated ihera, Thomas Stanton (interpreter to the Engl||b) was sent to "" with them— he was authorized to me life to such not shed the blood of Englishmen ;|iga» which Jfc Sa. chem of the place, together with abHsoo oMRs tr.'e came out, and producing satisfactory]!foof odiiii^ inno- cence, were germittedto retire j-but the Pequofs|«rkIry. , declared ihat^" they had both shed and drank the blSJP £ngl.sbmen, and would not upon such terms l«Mm^ life, but would fight It out '"-.The English, unWEfe brook the threats and insulting language of thc^^^^^ ftUempied now to devise means to attack the whdpl» pivwed m opmion as to tN*. «»«^» ^e , f^tmm^ are to the swamp, others
XieW but at the e,. ^.Ikedtodlfu'r'rM "'■•"'"' '"•'"*"' "' "«■» I""*, .nd when InT. ""' """ '" "P'""" ""»«• • W«» from the ■.'"V'"'''° '■''"' "'™'«' ««'«<> »altno.he " ;^^^^^ .hee„e.,.oon after Enfflkh »„j T^""""^ "■""Sh the lines of the Jt:t: ^r:t'aot;:''r'''^^^^^^ .ri fi,-, '"'.''"«"" 60 of their bravest warriors eacsn. «d, the remainder being either killed or taken prisoners • c:>:r°''''« ^««"='' -■'•'"•=<' -d^or;- some o^^wr"' """" ""' '''"'"''^ """W "•"•-»"?». -.-.he prisoners ^o^r l^e: oltrof^l^t quota was now nearly exterminated ; that ndWerVn, Sfart '-""■'O''"' "P'-d; of .^ootS bachcms. and that six yet survived, one of whom ... r'"---A«wa, %»|io had fl«*'i ««';•»' ••'- <• . ^ . . Hcd with ihc fragment of hh tribe to the country bordering on Hudion i.yer, inhabited by th« Mohawks. After the swamp fight the Pequots became fo weak tnd scattered that the Mohegans and Narraganset* daily destroyed them, and presented their scalps to the Eng- lish ; tlie few that fled with Sassacus to the westward, vrcro attacked and totally destroyed by the Mohawks~! Ihe scalp of Sassacus was in the fall of 1638, preaenteU to the Governor and Council of Massachusetts. Soon after the extermination of the Pequots, the Nar. ragansets (the most numerous tribe in New-England) be- ing displeased with the small power with which they ver« vested, and the respect which the English uniformly manifested for Uncus, appeared disposed to break their treaty of friendship. Miantimoki, without consulting the English according to agreement, wit|0t proclaiming war, or giving Ukcus the least information, raised an ar- my of 1000 men and marched against him The spies of Uncus discovered the army at some distance and gave him intelligence— he was unprepared, but rallying about 500 of his bravest men he told them they must by no meana •ufTer MiANTiNoMi to enter their town, but must go Uud give him battle on his way. The Mohegans having marched three or four miles met the enemy upon an ex- tensive plain— when the armies had advanced within fair bow shot of each other, Uncus had recourse to stratagip, with which he had previously acquainted his warricaS be desired a parley, which being granted, Imth armieiS? halted in the face of each other ; Uncus gallantly adl vancing in front of his men addressed Miantinowi xo this effect-" Yon have a number of stout men with yoi^ and so have 1 with me ; it is a great pity that so many brave warriors should be killed in consequence of « pd' ' — — ....«va»«u;j,- uciween us two i— come iikc.ll |iWv« man, as you profess to be, pnd let us decide 00- -■■' groond bis men d scharired a show,. „f . Che Nar«g.„s=ts, and ,,?.bou. »mol„1. """ """"« yell, puuhem ,0 fligh.-Th« Mobegirpll*:??:! enemy with the same fury and eagemefs with wb"ch, her .ommenced the ac.ion-the Nafragan J. weTe "dr Je^ .ol jr™^ "?"' M.A»T.»o«, wa. hard pushed" tTh b 1 ^H "'"f "' "■' '""^'Sana coming up' 7 L ^'' '"™ "'""" »'"' ™P«ded bis flight that U«„, the-r-l^chem. might alone have the honor o tal^ms b,m i-U»cus (»ho was a man of great bodilir st«h.th) rushing for,„d ,ik,,,i„„ g,„d/„fy'™'' «,ad M,A»T.»o«, by the shoulder, »nd elvL be In .ti^tate"""^;':':-?""-- "'""'- '^'•'"' ' t wounded a»d .ahen pHaoners , anZg .r, „ ^ " broiher of M.astikom, andtwo of .be .ods of CasoI. So,.,e few day, after, Unci,, conducted MrZ^lT, bac!< to the spot where he wa, taken, for the Dur^l ?f pm.u,g bim to death ; a, the instant they TivedTn .he grouno, an Indian (who was ortered to marcl^ i^ the r ar for the purpose) sunlc a hatchet into hi- head .n^^- patched bim at ., single a.roite i-he wa p ^fbiylt" quamttd w,.h hi, fate abd Itnew not by what m^„. fct fea-UKcu. cut out a large piece of bis sh„,. ". " =.T « u.-,oured in aav.ge triumph i declaring m'.he m^ ■ ^■i ■»•>««*„.. ;;:; fwe that « it ti^as the sweetest meat he ever ate ; i( msdrt his heart strong !" The Mohegans buried MiAsriifout at the place of his execution, and erected upon his grave a pillar of stones— this memorable event gave the place the name of «' Sachem»s Plains"-.they are situated in an eastern corner of Norwich. The Narragansets became now greatly enraged at the death of their sachem, and sought means, to destroy Uncus, whose country they in small parties frequently envaded, and by laying ambuses cut off a number of hjs most valuable warriors. AsUkcuswsTs the avowed friend of the English, and hat in many instances signal. izcdhimselfassuch,theyconceived it their duty to afr ford him all the protection possible—they dispatched messengers to acquaint the Narragansets with their de- termination, should they continue to ikioI^Und disturb thereposeof the Mohegans.-Thc mesli|eFs of th» English met with quite an unfavorable reception, to whom one of the Narraganset sachems declared that «» ho would kill every Englishman and Mohegan that came wrthin his reach : that whoever began the war he would continue it, and that nothing should satisfy him but th« head of Ukcus P* The English, irritated at the provoking language of the Narragansets, now determined not only to pTotect UNcus,hnK to envade their country with an army of SQO men ; first to propose a peace on their own terms, hut li rejected, to attack and destroy them-for this purpose ^lassachuselts was to furnish 190 and Plymouih and l^onnecticul. colonies ss men each. J^^^T^'^^'T'^ ^'"'"'"^ '^*' " «'"*y ^ a^«ut W enter the heart of their country, and fearful dfehe Issue, tli^atched several of their principal men to .u. f.r w^r^nt.^'Ihc Goremor „d Council dc^arid^ th^r " kY W, —40— 1rb.«h they had taken from I,im, and pledge ihemsdte. 10 »*feta.a perpetual peace ^Ith the Engli^rd ^I ' d .es,and tothe former pay an annual trfbute of foc^ fathom of whue wampum l^these indeed were ha^ terms, agamst which the Narragans^ts, slrohrremon strated but aware that the English had alrea fl ons dl erable force collected for that express purpose of e„ « dmg then, country, they at length thought it moit nru- dent to acquiesce* ^ ■ ^ ^ During the war between the Narragansets and iJscv^ the former once besieged tht fort of the latler until his frov«ions were nearly exhausted, and he found that his men must soon perish eiiher by famine or the tomahawk unless speeddy relieved^n this crisis he found means of commun^lifng an account of his situation to the Ene- lish scouts. Mo bad been dispatched from the fort in Saybrook to reconnoitre the enemy^-UNcus represent ed Che dangers to which the English would be exposed If the Narragansets should succeed in destroying the Mohegans. It was at this critical juncture, that the greatest part of the English troops in Connecticut were employed on an expedition abroad j h Mr. Thomas Lef- TiNcwELL, however, a bold and enterprizing man, on learning the situation of Uncus, loaded a canoe with proviMQH, and under corer of the night paddled from Say- ^'ook into the riyer Thames, and had the address to get ,1^ wholeinto the fort^the enemy soon after disco^r. ' '^M^'^^ **"*** "''*'*'^'^ supplies, raised the siege • ^ ^^K^ "^^ ^^ ^*^^*^« Ukcus presented said Liy! ''^'^^P^"^ » d'^ed of a very large tract of land, BOW coMSpming the whole town of Norwich. ?he English in New-England now enjoyed a peace ua- mUieyearieri, wlitnthey again lookup arms to re- ---ii-MiCve«aofaric ot their tuuntryi^cn, wh^ fa^ •*41-*^ ieen rnhomanlr murdered by an Indian belonging to the Nipnet tribe, of wjiich the celebrated Paifeip; of Mount Hope (now Bristol, R. I.) was Sachem.^It waa ti)oueht the most prudent step by the Governor and Council, irst to send for PauiP, and acquaint him with the cause of their resentment, and the course which they were determined to pursue in case he refused to dehver into their hands the murderer-PHiuP being ac- cordingly sent for. and appearing before the court, ap, . peared much dissatisfied with the conduct of the accused^ Msuring them that no paias should be spared to biing him to justice j and more fully to confirm his friendtktp for the Kngljsb, expressed a wish that t|ie declaratiort jrhich he was about publicly to make, might be coimnit. ted to paper, that he and his Council, mpht thereunto affix their signatures. The Governor & Council, in comp!ia5>co wit|» the request of Philip, drew up the fol- lowing, which after being signed 4jy.PH,LiP and- his cnier men, was presented to the Governer by Philip in con- nrmation of hii friencjly assurances :-i « Whereas my father, my brother, and mysel^irife tiniformly submitted tothe good and wholesome la^ i.f his majesty, the king of England, and have ever respect- ^s faithful subjects, the English, as our fiignds and Mwhcrs, and being still anxious to brighten tlfthaiiii^ Ififcndship between us, we do now embrace thib opjw^t^fc^ nity to pledge ourselves, that we will spare no p^ni^^ seeking out and bringing to justice, such of (^ tribe a» •hall hereafter commit any outrage against tlw^n ; and to reriWeall suspicion, we voluntarily agree to deliver ui> t^^^i all the fire arms, which ilicj- have herctoiare Kindly presented us with, until such time as ih«v cMn •w^iy repoic confidence io us-ftud for the u ws psjiwifci- ♦5 'I*. #< J»--.] •jp^t^ ,# ^^^ fe' I* ■ • *"i snce of these ouf sacred promises, we hate hereunto see our hands* ' Chief Sachem* Philip's X mark. Chief Men. Pokanokht's X i»ark» ^ Uncombo's X mark. Sahkama's X mark, WocoKOM's X mark. T In presence of the T Governor and Council. / Kotwithstanding the fair promises of Philip^ it was Boon discovered by the English, that he was playing a deep g:«me« thar he was artfully enticing his red breth- ren thi'oughout the whole of New*England, tp rise, en masse, against tkem, end drive them out of Uie count rj^; the Narragansets, for this purpose,, had engaged to raise 400*0 fighijng men— the spring of 1672, was the time agreec^ upon on which the grand blow was to be given.— The evil intentions of Philip, was first discovered and communicated to the English, by a friendly Indian, of the Narragansel tribe; fortunately for them, this Indian hed been takeh into favour by the Rev. Mr. Elliot, by whom he had been taught to read and write, and becamd much attached to the English.— The Governor upon re- ceiving the important information relative to the hostiJ« Hfiews oiPaiiiPt ordered a military watch to be kept up in all the English settlementa within the three colonies ; by some of whom it was soon discovered that the report of their Indian friend was too well founded, as the In- dians oi uifferent tribes were ^ily seen flocking in great numbers to the head quarters 6f Philip^; previously tending their wives and cJMJdren to the NarragAiset country, which they had evefdiR>« previous to the com* nicnegmfent nf hnstiiitie!^ - .^, Jht inhabitants of Swaftiey (a small settlement ad- ■• #■ ' ■ ,'•" # —43—; ^er^unto scf joining Mount Hope, th€ hcad-quarters of Philip) were the first who felt the effects of this war.— Philip, en- couraged by the numbers who were daily enlisting un- der his banners, and despairing of discovering cause that could justify him in the commencement of hostiiiiiea against his ** friends and brothers," as he had termed them, resolved to provqi|ce then? to war by killing iheir . cattle, firing their barns, fcc— this plan had its desired effect, as the inhabitants, determined lo save their pro- perty or perish in the attempt, fired upon the Indians, which was deemed cause sufiicient by the latter to com- mence their bloody work— the war-whoop was immedia- tely thereupon sounded, when the Indians commeHced an indiscriminate murder of the defenceless inhabitants of Swtnzey, sparing not the tender infant at the breast!— but three, of seventy-eignt persons which the t(^^^||«con- tained, made their escape.— Messengers were di8^|p||itrl with the melancholy tidings of this bloody affair, td^i% Governor, who by and with the advice and consent of the Council, dispatched a company of militia with all possi- ble speed to the relief of the distressed inhabitants resid- ing near the head^quarters of Philip ;— as soon as they could be raised, three companies more were despatches! under the command of Captains Hencbbsan, PKllMTicg, and Church, who arrived in the neighborhood <»fSwj^- aey, on the 28th June, where they were joined by four more companies from Plymouth colony^-it wai^- tWt\A . that the Indians had pillaged and set fire to th# viirage, and with their booty had retired to Mount Hope— a com- pany of cavalry were sent under the coH^jjjand bf Capt. PaENTicK,to reconnoitre them*; But befiwe they iriived at a convenient place for this purpose, they were apii)|sh. ed and fired upon by the eneroyj: who ktticd six- 4^^**^ number snd wmind'"^ t^^ «t-~ »» »'ii' a •-. -. f* fi, _ ; ^ — -ii-^rst — log the rtimaining. QiiApanies ,,^- i^49tiii-,-> ■ —44— «cned to the relief of the cavalry, who at ihia momen* mre compfetely surrounded by about 600 Indians, be. ti»ecn .vhom and the English a warm contest now ensu- ed ; the savages fought desperately, and more than once nearly succeeded in overpowering the English, but very fortunately for the latter, when nearly despairing of vic- tory, a fresh company of militi^ from Poston arrived j which flanking the enemy on the right^nd lefV, and ex- posing ibem to two fires, soon overpowered them, and caused then) to seek shelter in an adjoining wood, inac- cessible tp the English—The English had in this severe engagement 42 killed, and 73 wounded, many of them mortally-the enemy's loss was supposed to be much greater. , Or, the SOtb, Major Ratace (who by bis Excellency *hc Governor bad been appointed Commander in Chief oMhe combined English forces) arrived with an addi- Honal company of cavalry, who with the remaining com- rames the following day commenced their march for JWounuHope, the Iread-quartera of Phii.i»— on their w^. the English were affected with a scene truly dis- tressing; the Savages, not content with bathing their tomah^ks in the blood of the defenceless inhabitants of -wanisy, had, it was discovered, in many instances de- tached their limbs from their mangled bodies, and affix. t^""^ ^ ^**'^* '^'"'^^ ^*'** extended in the air ! among ^^ ^^^^ discovered the heads of several infant child- wei>, the whole of which, tiy order of Maj. Savage, ^ere collected and buried. The English arrived st Mount-Hope about sun^set, but the enemy having received information of their approach, Nd deserted their wigwaims mid retired into a neigh- boring wood.~.Major SAVAo«,to pursue the enemy wit^ success, now divided his men into seperate coir.ngnles • whfch hfe prdcfed to march in differenfc directions, 8tatb,> k .fi-44«» ing 40 at Mount>Hope.->On the 4th July the men under the command of Captains Churcr and Henchhak, fell in with a bodjr of the enemy) to the number of S00| tvhom they attacked ; the English being but S2 in num- ber, including officers, victory for a considerable length of tim^ appeared much in favor of the savages, but very fortunately for the for^jier being commanded by bold and resolute officers, they defended themselves in the most heroic manner until relieved by a company of cav- airy, under the command of Capt. Prentice.— -The Indians now in turn finding the fire of the English too warm for them, fled in every direction, leaving 30 of their number dead and about 60 severely wounded on tbo field of action— the English in this engagement had 7 killed and 33 wounded, five of whom survive^? the action jbut a few hours* This action, so far from daunting the bold and reso* lute Capt. Church, seemed to inspire him with addi- tional bravery ; unwilling that any of the enemy should escape, he boldly led his men into an almost impenelnb- ble forest into which those who survived the action had fled— the Indians perceiving the English approaching, concealed themselves from their view by lying flat on their bellies, in which situation they remained concealed until the English had advanced within a few rods of them, when each unperceived fixing upon his man, dia*- charged a shower of arrows among them— this unexpec*. ted check threw the English into confasion, which ili^ Indians perceiving, rushed furiously^ IQJon thefti^. ]|^ah their knives and tomahawks, shouting horriuilj^^jie EngUsh (their cavalry being unable ta affQfif^^ni «sSs- tance) were now in a very disagreeable MpilMitt ttie jrees being so very large as to render it di^^^ tiir yse iii'^XT nrw ii ruia w'jin any cnect, nud ihcy wcm jww'.. i _ eucor.ipassed by the savage?^ ^s ip reu#r:im|llC^i|^ ¥ I'll vf effort to defend themselves ueeleas; of 64 who en^ tered the swamp, but 17 escaped, among M^hom very fortunateljr was their valuable leader Capt. Church. The English finding that they could neither brinff their enemies to action in open field, or engage them with any success in the forest in which they were lodg- cd, returned home, with the ^exception of three compa- nies, who were stationed by Major Savage near the borders of a swamp, into which it was strongly suspect- ed that Philip, with a number of his tribe, had fled— this swamp was two miles in length, and to the English inacce8sible.-.PHiLiP,wh9had been watching tLc mq. tion of his enemies, perceiving the greater part of them inarching off conjectured that their object was to obtain a reinforcement ; impressed with this belief, he resolved to improve the first opportunity to escape with a few choien men by water, which he with little difficulty effect- ed the proceeding night, taking the advantage of a low tide. The enemy were sobn after their escape discover- ed and pursued by the inhabitants of Rehoboth, accom- panicd by a party of the Mobegans, who had volunteer. ed their services against Pmnp, The Rehoboth militia came up with the rear of the enemy about sunset, and killed 12 of them, without sus* taming «ny loss on their part ; night preventing their en. gaging the whole force of Philip, but early the succeed- ing morning they continued the pursuit, the Indians had however fled with such precipitancy that it was found impossible to pyertake them-they bent their course to the westward, exhorting the different tribes through wh^ch they passed to lake up arms against the English The United Colonies became now greatly alarmed at the hostile views and rapid strides of PaiLiP^the Gene- ir^^court was constantly in silting and endeavoring to ^>*«f««»>»"=ut him off before he should have an "op. -.47— pwtunity to corrupt the mindii of too many of his coui^ try men* While the Court was thns employed, information was received that Philip had arrived in the ncignborhood of Brookfield (situated about M miles from Boston) and that a number of its inhabitants had been inhumanly butchered by his adhei-enls.— Orders were imihedlately thereupon issued for the raising ten companies of foot and horse, to be despatched to the relief of the unfor- tunate inhabitants of Brookfield ; but before they could reach that place Philip and his party had entered th» town and ihdisciiminalely put to death almost every in- habitant which it contained j the few that escaped having taken the precaution, previous to the attack, to assemble together in one house, which they strongly fortified • this liouse was furiously attacked by the savages and se'veral - times set on fire, and the besieged were on the p'oint of'% surrendering when Major Willard happily arrived to their relief :-.Between the English and the Indians a des- ' perate engagement now ensued, the former, by the ex- press command of their officers, gave no quarter, but in a very heroic manner rushed upon the savages with club- btd muskets j the action continued until near sunler when the few Indians that remained alive sought shelter in the neighboring woods. In this engagement the Enr- lish had 22 killed and 75 wounded-the enemy's loss i*as 217 killed, and between 200 and 30© wounded, who " by way.of retaliation (for their barbarity exercised to!' * ward the defenceless inhabitants of Brookfield, were im- * ?iedialely put to death. The Governor and Council, on learning^tl»e |^ of jft- unfortunate inhabitants of Brookfield, despatch#i wC torcemcnt of three companies of cavalry to I^l "^ LAED. and orHerprI ih«> IiLo, » i .. l . HarUord, in Connecticut colony, with which # jH^' —48^ reded to puriuc Pmilif with fire and aword, to whateyif part of the country he should resort. It being discorlred that a part of PaiLip*s forces had fled to Hatfield, tWo companies of English, under com- mand of Capt. LAtHKoF, and Capt. Bbrrs^ were sent in pursuit of them, who within about three miles of Hat- field, overtook and attacked themj but the force of the English being greatly inferior to that of the enemy, the former were defeated and driven back to the main body ; %»hich enabled the enemy (who hail in the late engage- inent been detached from their main body) to join Pi»/x- IP.— On the 18th September, information lyas ^received ^y. Major Willjrd that the enemy had successfully ac< tacked and defeated the troops tinder the command of C&^K, Lathrqp i that they were arobusiied and unex- pectedly surrounded by 1000 of the enemy, to whom they all (except three, who escaped) fell a sacrifice !— The defeat of Capt. LAtHHop took place in the neigh- Jborhood of Deerfield, for the defence of which, there was an English garrison, which the Indians were about 4a. attack when Major Willard happily arrived, on the approach of whom, the Indians fled* On the loth October following, a party of PaiUf's^ Indians successfully assaulted the town of Springfieldy which they pilliged and set fire, to, killing about 40 of the inhabitants.— On the 14th they assailed the town qf liatfieid, in which two companies under the command of Capt* MosELYy and Capt. Appleton, were stationed j Ihe enemy continued the attack about two hours, when ^ding tii« fire of the English too warm for them, they lied, leaving a number t»f their party behind them-dead. f Philip now finding hlijhse if closely pursued by a large ^d formidable boty of i|» English, deemed it prudent •*^'l»,.^^j i.:_ 5^_ < -j.4'yjt l: t_» -1 f • . ._ _ \c reotain until the Ensuing spring. ^ d| to whater^r But the Commissioners of the Unllecl Colonies, dixlf reflecting on the deplorable situation of their defenceless brethren throughout tlje countr/r Qvvare that there were then a muqh greater, number of their savage enemies embodied, than at uny former period, who, if suffered peaceably to retire into winter quarters, might prove too powerful for them the spring ensuing, resolved to attack the whole force under Philip in their winter encamp- ment—lor the purpose of which, every Englishman ca- pable of behring arms, was commanded (by Proclanmliort of the Governor) to hold himself in readiness to march at the shortest notice.—The lOih of December, was thd ; day appointed by the Commissioners on which the de- cisive blow was to be given— six companies were imme- i diately raised in Massachusetts, consisting in the whole of 527 men, to the command of which were appointed Captains Moselt, Gabdenkr, Davenport, Olivkr, and JoHNS0N-»five companits >vere raised in Connecti- fcut, consisting of 450 men, to the command of which were appointed Captains SIelt, MAsoN,OALLoi',WAW^. and Marshall — two companies were likewise raised iii Plymouth, consisting of ISOinen, who Were commanded by Captains Rick and Coram ;— three Majors of the three respective division, were also appointed, to wit : Major Appletom, of Massachusetts— Major Treat, of Connecticut— und Major Uradfohd, of Plymouth— the * whole force, consisting of 1 127 men, were corfimandetl by Major-General WiNSLow, late Governor df the colo- nies.— On the 7ih December, the tombined forces ?oom- xnericed their march for the head-quarlers of the enufrjy —at this inclement season, it was with the utmOstdtfS- cdlty that the troops were enabled to penetrate tKrO'ogli ^ a wild andparthless wood— on the morning of the Sih fhavine travelled all the nrprpHino. n i cr h » ^ >fe»» j(v«i^;A. .^y. frwiebordft' of an extensive swamp, in wWcfe'l^P^ere ' G Informed by their guidea ihe enemy were encamped to the number of 4000.-The EngJish (after partaking of. little refresbment) formeV for battlc.^Capt. Moselt, and C«pt. Datenport, ltd iJ.e vw, and Major Afpletok, •nd Capt. Oliveh, brought up the rear of the Maasa. chusetts force»-«GciieraI Winseow, with the Plymouth troops formed the centre-thc Connecticut troops under the command of their respccti»e captains, together with about 200 of the Mohecans, commanded by Oneco, (the son of Uncus) brought up the rear. It was discovered by an Indian sent for that purpose, Ij;,. that in the centre of the swamp the enemy had built a m very strong fort, of ,o wise construction, that it was with difficulty that more than one person could enter at one t!me,^A'oout 10 o'clock, A. M. the English with the sound of the trumpet entered the swamp, and when withm about fifty rods of their fort, were met and ^tack- «d by the enemy— the Indians in their usual mftnnerr •houting and howling like beasts of prey, commenced lh%.aiiack with savage fury ; but with a hedious noise, the English were not to be intimidated ; charginc theA vith unt iualled bravery, the enemy were soon glad to ^eck shelter within the walls of their fort ;^the English III iaviug closely pressed upon the enemy, jis they retreat- ed, now in turn found themselves in a very disagreeable iiiualion, exposed to the fire of the Indians (who were coveted by a high breastwork) they were not even ena. * Med to act on the defensive—At this ciuical juncture the lion-hearted Oneco, with the assent of Gen. Wini- Low,^ffcred(with the men under his command) to scale the waib of the fort, which being approved ef by the Eog!^ commanders, Onkco, with about s\it^ picked men, in an instant ascended to ihc top of the ^Jk- f%«jre haviiigafair chance at the enei%, they «™y t^i ^ ^ tomahawks end discharged />^ €efts among them, as in a very «hort time (o ihrow (hem into the utmost confusion ; those 'who attempted to es- cape from the fort, were 'nstantly cut to piects by the troops wilhout<— the enemy fioding tijemaelves tims hem- med in, and attacked on all sides, in the most abject terms Begged for qimrter, which was denied them by ih« English— a great proportion of the troops being now mounted on the walls of the fort, they hud Dotliing to da but load and fire, the eneivy being pcnntd up and hud- dled together in such a manner, that there was scarcely a shot lost— This bloody contest was of n«ar six hours continuance, when the English perceiving the fort filled with nought btit dead, or such as were mortally wounded Sft the enemy, closed the bloody confiict. The scene of action at this instant was indeed suoJi ll could not fail to shock the stoutest hearted !— thf\ Juj^e logs of which the fort was constructed, . were ' pliHely* crimsoned with the blood of the enemy aiie .»*. fur- rounding woods resounded with the dying groans of ta« ^TQundtd. — The number of slain of ihe ^nemy in this •ever* engagement, could not be ascertained, it was however immense ; of 4000 which the' fort was sup- posed to contain at the commencement of the action, not 200 escaped I among - hpan unfortunately was the treacherous Philip, After the close of this desperate action, the troops (having destroyed all in their power) left the enemy's ground, and carrying about 300 wounded men marched back to the distance of sixteen miles to heacfcc^uartc —the night proved cold and stormy, tho snow:^U and it was not until midnight or after tbt^t ilie .. 'Were enabled to reach their place of desiinatjon—ftiiil^ of the woanded, who probably otherwise might hate f3* ^ckM, ptiished with the cold and inconveniefpf of « Jpaich so fatiguing, •' Although the destruction of so great a number of thp pnemy was considered of the greatest importance to the English, yet it proved a conquest d^ly botight^it was obtained at the expence of the Uy|lj^^ not only a great number of privates, but a greit i>TOportion of their most valuable officers; among Vhdm were Captains Daven- port, Gabdmer, Johnson, SieLy, and Marshall— on enumerating their number of slain and wounded, it was found as follows ;— OJ the companies commanded by ' '^^^ns MosELY, .10 killed, 40 wounded. "^^ Oliver, - - - - .20 - - - - 48 * pAHDNEI^, --.II.... 32 Johnson, .... 18 ... . sg; Davenport, - . 15 . . . • 19 Gallop, ----- 28 - - - - 45 ^ SiELV, - 32 . 50 Watts, ----19----33 IVIa&on, --...40.--. 50 Marshall, - - 25 - - - - sr GoRAM, ---.-30----41 Sachem Oneco, ----- 51 - - - - 82 .Total, 299 Total, 513 The courage displayed during the action by every part of the army— the invincible heroism of the officers —the firh.ncss and resolution of the soldiers, when they saw. their captains falling before them— and the hardships endured before and after the engagement, are hardly crajible, and rarely find a parallel in ancient or modern pges !— the cold (the day preceding the action) was ex- trenie, and in the night of which, the snow fell so deep «»to render it extremely difficult for the army to move the day succeeding ;— four hundred of the soldiers were 90 completely frozen as to be unfit for duty J—ihe Coq- f*cpt;cut troops were the most disabled, liaving endured a tedious inarch without halting from Stoningtoi) to tt| — 5S-^ place of public rendezvous— they sustained too a mueli greater loss in the action, in proportion to their niunbersi than the troops of the otiier colonies— the bold and in- trepiij Capt. Mason (who received a fatal wound in the action, of which he died in about three months after) was the first after the Mohegans to mount the walls of the fort, nor did the troops under his command fail to follow the noble example. The loss of the troops from Connecticut was so great that Major Treat conceived it absolutely necessary to return immediately home— such of the wounded as were not able to travel were put on board a vessel and convey- ed to Stonington— the troops on their return killed and captnred about SO of the enemy. The Mf^ssachusetts and Plymouth forces kept the fkild the greater part of the winter— they ranged the country, took a number of prisonersi destroyed about 300 wig* irarms, but achieved nothing brilliant or decisive. The Nipnet and Narraganset tribes being by the late action nearly exterminated* the kw that survived (by the direction of Philip) fled in small parties to ^iiferenc parts of the country, improving every opportunity lh.it presented to revenge the untimely fate of their breth.en* On the 10th February, 1678, about 100 of tUam surpris- ed the inhabitants of Lancaster (Mass.) a part of whom, as a place of greater safety, had the day previous re- sorted to the dwelling of the Rev. Mr. Rowland ; this however being constructed of dry logs, was set fit^ to by the Indians, which the unfortunate English mh^'m being unable to extinguish, they fell victims to the de- vouring flames— On the 2 1st the enemy attacked th« inhabitants of Medfield, 32 of whom they killed am} of ^the remainder made captives* .: On the 3d March, the Indians still conlinuiftg fheie depredations, two companies of cavalry, under the conT* ''IjV,, #s. inandofCapt.PyjRCB, and Capt. Watwhs, wer« 09^ dcredout for the purpose ofafFording protection to tbo defenceless inhabitants of towns most exposed to their incursions— on the 5th they marched to Pautuxet, near where there were a considerable body of Indians en- cacipedjwliom on the morning of the 5th, they fell ia wiih and attacked— the enemy at first appeared but few in number, but these were only employed to decoy the English, who on a sudden found themselves surrounde4 by near 500 Indians, who, with their tomahawks and scalping knives, rushing furiously upon them, threaten- ed them with instant destruction I— The English now acting upon the defensive, although surrounded by five tipies theirnumber, fought with'^llieir usual spirit, an4 were resolved to sell their lives at as dear rate as possi- ble, they were very soon however compelled to yield to the superior force of their- savage enemies ; but five escaped !— This victory, though of considerable im- portance to the savages, cost them .a' number of their bravest warriors, 93 of whom were the proceeding ^day found dead upon the field of action ; there were in this engagement about 20 friendly Indians with the English, vho fought like desperadoes, one of them observing Capt. Pl£BCE unable to aland, in C^equence of the many voundb he had received, for rwarly two hours bravely defended him 5 when perceiving his own iminent danger, and ihs^l he could afford the captain no further assistance, by blacking his face as the enemy had done, escaped un- noticed. On the 25th March, a party of Indians attacked and burnt the towns of Weymouth and Warwick, killing a great number of the inhabitants.— ^On the 10th April following they pillaged and ^ burnt Rehoboth and Provir ilcnGci- On the Ist May a comjiany of English and 150 Mo« % iiegansi, under command o! Capt. Geohci DEirNig«r. ed by the eon of Miaktinomi ; on the 8th they met ivith and attacked them near Groton^thc Indians Tl parently determined on victory or death, displayed an nnosuai degree of courage, but the English and Mohe gans proved too strong for them, who after dcst^oyinff the greater part with their muskets and tomahawks drove the remainder into a neighboring river, where they soon perished. ^ On the 23d, CoKONCHBt, Sachem of the few scattered temams of the Narraganse^. proposed to his Council that the lands bordering c . neciicul river, not inhab- ited by the English, should be by them planted with corn, for their future subsistence ; which being approved of by the ktter, 300 of the Narragansets were despatch- ed for th,s purpose, the Governor being apprized of their intentions despatched three companies of cavalry to in- tercept then™ ; about 100 of the Mohegans, under the command of One^o, accompanied the English-ihe ene. my were commanded by Cononchet in person, who first proceeded to Seconk to procure seed co r'n ; it ^I Tn t"e neighborhood^of this place that they were first mel ^ ^d engaged by the English and Mohegans^the enemy mth becoming bravery for a long time withstood the at- tack, but being but poorly provided with weapons, ther were at length overpowered and compelled to y^eld to th« superior power of their enemles-in' the midst of 1 . act on CoKo.cBKT, fearful of .he issue, deserted his men ' i and attempted to seek shelter in a neighboring wood, but bemg recognised by the Mohegans, they pttrsued him^ U>K0NCHET percerving fJimseH nearly ovetK^keo^V^y hi* >- Pursuers, to facilitate his flight first tLeW aWavM^^ and then his silver laccd coat (witti jfhrch hi t'wn pr,^^cnted by the English a few WS^: i^n p- m^ '«**>. '^: t —56-: feut finding that he cov -d not escape from hii pursuers b^ flight, he plunged into a river, where he was even follow- ed by half a dozen resolute Mohegans, who laying hold of him forced him under water and there held him until drowned.— The loss of the English and Mohegans in thiii engagement was 12 killed, and 21 wounded, that of the enemy wa? 43 killed and about SO wounded. The inhabitants of New-London, Norwich and Ston- ington, having frequently discovered a number of the •^ enemy lurking about in small bodies in the adjacent woods, by joint agreement voluntarily enlisted them- selves (to the number of 300) under the command of Major Palmer, and Captains Denison and Avery* who with the assistance of the Mohegans and a few friendly Narragansets, in three expeditions destroyed near 1000 of the enemy. On the 8th June the Indians assaulted and burnt Bridgewater, a small settlement in the colony of Massa- chusetts J forty of its inhabitants fell victims to savage ilarbarity. The Governor and Council of Massachusetts colony," aware of the danger to which many of the inland settle- ments were exposeia, by frequent incursions of the ene- my, and finding it extremely difiicuU to raise a sufficient ^ force to oppose them in the many parts to which the fragments of the broken tribes had resorted, adopted the ^ policy of sending among them, as spies, such Indians as were friendly and could be depended on ; which plan had its desired eflfect— these Indians representing the force of the English much greater than it really was, and warn- ing the enemy of danger which did not at that time ex- ist, deterred from acting in many instances on the offensive.— One of the friendly Indians returning to Bos- ^ •.!._ in>u 'Tiilu tllowed the example, on which the woman took her husband in her arras and carried him into the house, where he soon after recovered. • On the I7th, a party oflndians commenced an attack on Northampton, but there behig a number of English aoldiers therein stationed, the enemy were repulsed. On the 20th, a number of the inhabitants of Spring- field were attacked by a party of Indians as (hey were returning from divine service, and although the former Were provided with fire*arms, the enemy succeeded in ' making prisoners of two Women and several children, 4rhom they soon after inhumanly tomahawked and scalp- ed ; in which situation they Were the succeeding day found by a party of English sent out in pursuit of the enemy —one of the unfortunate women (afthough shockingly mangled) was found still alive, and when so far recovered as to be enabled to speak, gave the following account of ' the fate of her unfortunate companions, to wit :— That they were first conveyed by the savages to a tl\ick wood* where they were severally bound with cords, that the . IncUans soon afttr built a fire and regailed themselves yii% what they had previously Btolen from the Eng&sh f I ■\- SWT' .#* ■ i ^ that JK after a warm diapote arose between thctn, fe- j^lative»l^|Hhe prisoners^ each claiming the women for their squawppt' wives) that thejr at length proceeded to blowsf and arter beating each other for some time with clubsi it was agreed by both parties (to prevent further alterca- tion) that the women should be put to death, which theyi as they supposed, carried immediately into exeeution ; ,«he unfortunate narrator received a severe blow on the head, which brought her senseless to the ground, and while in this situation, was scalped and left for dead by her savage enemies !" The inhabitants of Sudbury, with a company of 8ol« diers under the command of Lieut. Jacobs, of Marlbo- rough, alarmed at the near approach of the enemy (who, to the number of about 200 were encamped near that V place) resolved to attack ihem at night; accordingly on the 6th September they marc-hed within View of them, and at night (as they lay extended around a large fire) . approached them nnperccivcd within gun shot, when^ they gave them the contents of their muskets j many of those that remained unhurt, being smMenly aroused Irc^ll^ their slumbe§ by the yells of their wounded brethren, and imagining thit they were completely surroMitl.c^d by the English (whom the darkness of the night pt^Vented their seeing) threw themselves intg the fire which they , had enkindled, and there perished ; but few if any escap-^ cd— in this attack the English sustained no loss* On the 25th, a considerable body of the enemy attack- ed the inhabitants of Marlborough, many of whom iHey killed, and set fire to their houses— a company of Eog- lish who had been ordered from Concord for tlie defeneu of this place were cut off by the savages aAd totally ;d^- &troyed — two other companies despatched from Bc>«t6n,- for liic iiKc purpGae, men wim inc 3aiivi5»v,u **i)*t the Governor, on learning the eituaiioB qf'tl^ ^av fortunaje inhabilami of M.rlboroueh, (lemiojd fai «.ln. W.»,w„„, and S«,th. who b.fo« .he, ,rri»ea »< .he,r place of des.iuation. were informed .ha. .fie ..,; age. had <,„i. Marlboroneh. a„^ proceeded for sSdb"7 ("»m.lesd.atan.) which induced .h. English .o alter -of lh„, ,, appeared .ha. ,he enemy had beeq ,p- ri«d they ,ho„Id reach Sndbnry. which they in ,he foIlo.fnR -Sir""',:'' f ec.ed-ieamins'.hc course ^ wereordercd .o re.reat in.o , neighboring thicket aaaoon 0.j.n» m the field, and.pre.^ming .hem to be bqt few io C? ! °' '""" *'■"'' «'«''■ '««herous btethre., % concealed and prepared to give their pur«er, a wa™ lli hS^ 'JdtrThe'r '•''^""""^^ '*"' '""' romr,! ,7 '^'^ *«»• tbem J 111 ai) instant they wer« completery surrounded and attacked on all sides by the savages j the English for several hp«rs bravely defended themselves, but at length were borne down by numbers far superior to their own^ihus fell the brave Capiiia WApswoHTH, and Captain SaiixH, as weU as most of me troops under their command. The Indians bordering on the river IVferrimack, feei- ng t emselves injured ,y the encroachments of theC Ijsh, once more reassumed the bloody tomahawk. «hii ruu ce^u uuriea for a numb^ of years.-Oa the 1st N^ '— ™-".*jiwt„. ^61-: f tmber they in a considerabte body entered the vIlUge« of Chelmsford and Woburn, and indiscriminately put td death every inhabitant they contained, not sparing tlii infant at the breast. On the 9th they burnt the house of a Mr Eambs* near Concord) killed his wife and threw her body into the flames, and made captives of his chil- dren*— >On the 15th they took prisoner a young woman (sixteen years of age) who, by the family with whom she resided) had been placed on a hill in the neighbour- hood of their dwelling to watch the motions of the ene. my-*<*the account which the young woman gave of her capture and escape was as follow :•— that *' on the morn- ing of her capture, the family having been informed that It party of Indians had the day previous been discovered in a neighboring wood, she (by their request) ascend* ed a hill near the house to watch their motions, and alarm the family if seen approaching the house ; thit ' about noon she discovered a number of them aicendii^ Ihe hill in great haste, that she immediately thereupog|| fitt^mpted to evalle them by retiring into a thicket, but that the Indians (who it appeared had before ob8erve4* her) found her after a few moments search, and compel- led her to accompany them to their settlement, abont 40 miles distant— it was here they gave her to unde^and she must remain and become their squaw, and dresa and cook their victuals— that she remained with them about l^hree weeks, during which time they made several ex» - pediiions againsfthe English, and returned with a greid number of human scalps— that on the night of the (>tj|i,, December, they returned with six horsesi which tbcfr had stolen from the English, which having turned mtm a bimUl enclosure they set out on a new tp^peditioiifp* thafflie viewed this as a favorable opporttmil^ to f»««sapt.. i-^a, ;^;ie cuUgni anu mcUiii^M aeS) and making use of a strip of bark she m' ft ••-6S-P. # I*,- '.. ?•* Iwfletrated a wild and pathless wood, and arrived a| Concord at seven o'clock the morning proceeding, hav. I^ravellcd all the preceding night to evade the pursuit of the enemy !"—In like manner did one of the children, of Mr. Eames (of whose capture mention is made in the preceding page) escape from the Indian-^ although but ten years oi age, he travelled sixty miles ttirough an umnkabi(ed wood, subsisting on acrons ! "^ On (h^ 1 2th December a party of Indians attacked w»d killed several of the inhabUants of Bradford. The tWernor orMaasacliuaetts colony, for the protection of fh« defenceless inhabitants of the Merrimack, ordered the raising an^ equipping of four companies of cavalry, to the command of which were appointed captains Sill, HOLTOKE, CuTLEa and Phentice. On the 23d the above troops proceeded for the borderf of the Merrimack, and on the 26th fell in with a con- oi lerable body of the enemy whom they engaged and Hcowpletely defeated — On the 4th January, 1679, Capt. Pbi|wtice, detached from the main body, iell in with and fngsged about 100 of the enemy in the neighborjiood ^■\ # Awberst, whom he likewise defeated, but with conr sida||ble loss on bis part. On the 6ih, a son of the brave Captain Holyoke, of Sprjnfjfield, receiving information that a number of the enemy in small bodies were skulking about in the woods t>')rdering on that tOMrn, with twenty resolute young mea- jttarched out to attack them— falling in with a considera- * ble body of them, an engagertient ensued, which though * severe terminated at length in favor of the English— the Indians bcihg furnished with muskets, were unwil- ling to give ground, and would probably h«ive reined masters of the field had not the English received ^Rin- furcement which nnr th#>«n »n fl;.i.t.» »u^ i_. r .i.^ i?__ hsh in the engagement wj^^ncilled and 9 wounded, auJ * ^^r ' tW of ihe enemy 33 killed, and between 90 arid ^ wounded. The lavages were no longer confined to any particular tribe or place, but in parties from 50 to SCO, were scat* tcred all bver the thinly inhabited parts of NeW'England »-a considerable body of them were yet in the neighbor, hood of Hadley, Deerfield and Northampton, where they were continually commiting their wanton acts of bar- barity.'— Several of the inhabitants of the towns abovt mentioned, duly reflecting on the danger to which they and their families were daily exposed> formed themselves into several companies and made choice of their com- manders.«>On the 4ih February, receiving information that there were near 200 Indians embodied in a swamp in the neigborhood of Deerfield, the above-mentioneti force marched to attack them \ arriving within view of them about day*break, they discovered them in a pro* found sleep stretched out upon the ground arc^md their fire— the cavalry immediately thereupon alighted, and after forming themselves, approached them #ithin pistol shot before they were discovered by the enemy ; whO) being suddenly aroused from their slumber, and a«|p8l(>. ished at the unexpected appearance of so many ht'.t^li'-' enemies, fell an easy prey to the English, who, wit)!^|t the loss of a man, killed 130 of them ; the remainder, ai the only means of escafW, haying plunged into \ river, where probably many of them perished.' Although the English atchieved this action without an^r loss on their part, they were on their return unhappily ambtt&hed by about 400 of the enemf — the English hav« ing expended all their ammunition in the late engage* mentyjAd beiri|; much fatigued, were now in turn likel|t to fall an easy prey to their enemies, who, with ihcii* liiuodj knives Hiid tuuiahttwkb, fur iiie space of tin hour, ftUacked them with the greatc&t suceess—no^ one of tte .•f •,< 1 r f >■ tngKAh It !l probable #oi)Id havd sufHved this hioodjf and unexper ) attack, had it not been for the ))re9enc6 bf ttoind of iheir urate cofnmander (Capt. Holyoks,) #ho bf a «tfat sgetH} auccccded iti saving a par^'^of them ^Capt4 HOLToxB had his horse killed uhder him, and At one Utn« was attacked hf five of the enemy, whom he b6at off * Uh his cutlass ;— 4he loss of the English in this unfortunate action was 5 1 killed and 84 if ounded, many of the latter survived the actioh but a few days—- the de^ feat and destruction of th^ English in this engagement %ras much to be lamented, as among the slain were the heads of several /amilies, who had volunteered their Ser* f hres in defetace of their infant settlements; On the 1 0th sevetal hundreds of the enetny, encouN aged by Ihcir late success, appeared before Hatfield and fired several dwelling-houses without the fbrtificatioh of the town-^thi^ ihhabitahts of Hadley being seasonably ipprized of th'^ situation of ib-tir brethren at Hatfield, a number of them voluhttered. their services and marched lo their relief—- the Indians, as they Were accustomed td do on the approach of the English, lay flat on their bel- lies until the latter hAd advanced within bow shot, Wheii partly rising, they discharged a hhower of arrows amtmg litem, which wounded several of the Engliiih ; but they^ 1hfetv.|ng wisely reserved their fire, now in turn letelled their pieces with the best effect before the savages had time to recover their iegsi about 30 of whom weriB iti* atantly despatched and the remainder dispersed. On t^e 15th February, the Governor ot Massachuseltat colony receiving information that the Indians were jcol- Iccting in great numbers under the immediate jtuidance of PaiLip, near Bfookfield, despalchfed Capt.WtNCH* HAN, with 50 itocn to dislodge them ; who proceedlrrg first to Hadley, • was joined by a company of cavalry from Hartford^oA the 20th they discovered and attack^ — 6J— 4 » ■ td li party of Indians near Lancaster, they killed fiHy of them, and took between fifty and sixty of their squawa and children prisoners— Capt. IUncuman on his Way to Brookfield discovered ihe dead bodies of several of hia counirymen half consumed by f«re, who it appeared had k few days previous fallen victims to the wanton barbai u ty of the savages* The scattered remains of the enemy beiog now so completely harrassed and driven from ph ce to pi "C by the English, a number of them resorted :ri he v stern tountry, then inhabited by the Mohawks ; t tiie latter being on friendly terms with the English and Dutch, vfho were settling among them, were unwilling to harbor their (enemies, and consequently attacked a considerable body of them on the 5ih March ; the engagement was a htvfft : one-^the fugitive Indians being furnished with fire-arite^ repelled the attack of the Mohawks with a becoming spirit, but were at length overpowered and completel/ defeated—* the loss on both sides was very great* On the 20ih the Indians took a Mr* Willet pfisoij^ei*, hear Swanzey, and after cutting ofif his nose and tars set him at liberty !— On the 23d ihey made prisoners of the family of a Mr. Barney, of Hehoboth, consistittg of himself, wife and six children— two of the youngMi: of the latter they killed and scalped, and threw theiit' Inangled bodies to their dogs to devour ! On the 28th, a negro mah who ha a been for seVer&l fnonths a prisoner among the savages, ^^faped from, them and returned 'o the English, to whom 4>e gap^c the foli lowing information, to wit :— that the ent^my were CQ«- certing a plan to attack Taunton, and the viilages ai^a- cent-rflhat for this purpose there were itien embodied near Worcester, 1000 of them, at the head of whom waa FuiLip, and that near one hundred of them were lur« nisbcd with fire itrms— that a few days previous to his. I %i —66^ A- .■¥ escape, a scoaling^ patty arrived and brought in wHh them two prisoners and three human scalps I — To frus- trate the inteniions of the enemy the Governor of Mas- sachusetts colony dispatched three companies of cavalry for the defence of Taunton. The English of Connecticut colony, although but lit- tle troubled with the enemy sincd the destruction of th« Pequots, were not unwilling to afford their brethren all the assistance possible in a protracted and bloody war with ihc common enemy— they --.coidingly furnished three •tompanies of cavalry, who under command of the ex- perienced Major Talcott, on the 5th April proceeded .id the westward in search of the enemy— on the 1 1th flfey fell in whh attacked and defeated a considerable y of them— apparently, by the special direction of re providence, May Talcott arrived in the neigh- hood of Hadley in time to preserve the town, and save its inhabitants from total destruction !-^ihe savages to the number of 500, were on the eve of commencing an attack when they were met by the Major, with the troops under his command ; this unexpected relief ani- mating the few inhabitants which the town contained} ihey hastened to the assistlnce of the cavalry, who at this moment v^ere seriously engaged with the w'lole body of the enemy— the savages having gained some signal advantag^es, victory for a considerable length of lim.e ap- peared likely to decide in l^ieir favor— fortunately, the inhabitants of Hadley having for their defence a few weeks previous procured from boston an eight pounder, it was at this critical period loaded by the women, and being mounted was by them tjuveyed to the English, which (being charged with small shot, nails, &c.) was by the latter discharged with the best effect upon the enemy, who immediately thereupon fled in every direc- tion—thus it was that the English in a great measure WM /- owed the preservation of their lives to tlie unexampled heroism of * few women ! The Governor and Council of the United Colonies, taking under serious qonsideraiion the miraculous escape of ihe inhabitants of Hadley from total desiruction, and the recent success of the arms of the English in various parts of the country, appointed the snh day of August, 1679, to be observed throughout the Colonies as a d?y of Public Thanhgwing and Praise lo Almjghtv Goj> ; —this, it may be well to observe, was the commence- ment of an annual custom of our forefathers, which lo the present day is so religiously observed by their de- scendants throughout the New-England sutcs. On the 3d September, the Connecticut iroops ui9 command of Major Talcott, and captains X)knn and New BURT, proceeded to Narraganset m quest enemy* who to the number of about 300 had been covered in a piece of woods— -the English were accom- panied by their faithful friend Oneco, with 100 Mohe- gans under his command. — In the evening of the 5th they discovered the savages encamped at the foot of « steep hill, on which Major Talcott made arrangements for an attack — the Mohegans" were ordered by a cit<^«^J- tous route to gain the summit of the hill tp prevent th*. flight of the enemy— two companies of cavalry were or- dered to fiank them on the right and left, whiltt Major Talcott, with a company of foot siationcd hrmsclf in their rear — having thus disposed of his forces a signal Vas given by the Major for the Mohegans to commence the attack, which they did and with suclj spirit (ac- companied by their savage yells) that had*tbe enemy been renowned for their valour, they muM have been to^^ the highest degree appalled at so unexpected un' Ml^'l the enemy were attacked on the right anc} left .i^.;||ife;^^f .^fi. • V #» i- pavalrjr, whp with their cutlasses made great b^VQck a- mong them ; they were however unwilling to give ground until they had lost nearly one half their number, whei| they attcmptttt a flight to a swamp in their rear, but here they were met by Maj. Talcott, with the com- pany of foot, who gave them so warm a reception that they once more fell back upon the Mohegans, by whom they were very soon overpowered and would have been totally destroyed had not Major Talcott humanly in- terfered in their behjilf, and made prisoners of the k\f that remained alive ;-.among the latter was their leader, a squaw, commonly termed the queen of Narraganset j a«4among them an active young fellow who begged to *?5,^^^^^'*^^ 'n^o t^e hands of the Mohegans, that they 't put him to d^ih^n their own way, and sacrifice to their cruel, genius of revenge, in which they sq h delighted l—The English, although naturally a- verse to acts of savage barbarity, were not in this in- »iance unwilling to comply with the voluntary although unnatural request of the prisoner| as it appeared that he had in presence of the Mohegans cxultingly boasted of having killed 19 of the English with his gun, since the coxTjmencement of the war, and after loading it for the '-^h (there being no more of the latter within reach) he levelled at a Mohegan, whom he killed, which com- "iileting his number, he was willing to die by their hands I .« €^^^^ Mohegans accordingly began to prepare for the ^ra^ical event— forming themselves into a circle (admit- » ingksmany cftlie English as were disposed to witness thejj?»««vage proceedings) the prisoner was placed in the . t:#nire, when one oi till Mohegans, who in the late en- tjagemcnt had lost a son, with his knife cut off the prisoners ears ! then his nose I and then tlie fingers of *ach hand I— and after the relapse of a few mornenis, u '!-i'' ''V -^1— '■\:4: long time BUulking about in the woods hear M•-■ V'" % —ra— gai)i the flfttnoui Philip ! who wti* the pmjector siia Ifl* bligator of « w«r which not only pi uved Kh>3 c»uso ui' hitf t>wn destruction, but thdt of neatly oil hit ivibe, once tha tnost numerous of >ny inhobiting New^Englaud. It WAS At thi> important instant that the !':n,;ti6h ve^mt tnade witncsst^s of • ramarkable instance of savage cus* torn— Onkco, ou karning that PHiiir* had fallcu by tlie handof one of ?>i8lifibei, «srgt>4 thitt agreeable to their custom, he had anundoui t<^ mht to the body, und a fight to feast himself with a isie? e thtrtutj I which the English not objecung tu, ha ii^M'^micly drew his long icnife from hii girdle and vnih ll iit^tochcd a piece of flesh ffiDm the bleeding body of l^aaxp, of about one pound ^ei^tht, which he broiled and eat, in the mean- time dttckk''ing that '* /<« h^^d notjor many mows eaten any thing 'isi'th *; x'Qod an appetite /" The head of Philip was de- Itched Irom his body asid sent,timpressed with this idea, and that the eifemy were complct y exterminated, xliey were uuuut to bui-y the iiatchet «n>.' -.t-n their attention to fcgricul'.ural porsuita^ when by an express, they were in- iormc'd .ha the oati iS in the e»sicrn piiri of ihcCOwitif (rioviticc of Maine) hsid unprovokedly attacked anfkkll* It ■/-' m |«^ a oMkmti ftuffibcp of the Englloh Tn^that qurt^^ T6 quench the nartie tvhich appeared (o be enkindlinjy in the tm, the Govcrft6r d. />rttched four companle* of cavalry to the rHFefof til, mhn^nm iiih.b(t«nt«.~Thd enemy (v.ho M^ere of the Kerinebeck cind AmoscogftU, h'ibf fcr,t «t(acked Wiih tfttprecedcnted fury ,h. de- ^tmcefess Inhabhrtht* setUed on lf-inrfeb«ck river, th^ ttmt of «ht)m were destroyedi^f'^^ rfv^a] by them .^^'! ."'t ^."^ ^«''^"^t^c»', about 7 Sf ihrf ^rtemy attack- «d <.hh ibftlr Mccttsfomed fury (accompany h^lhelr «av. age yells) the inhabitants of Newchevvannick, an Koclish Bettllemcnt stated at fe«r tnlleg from the nioufh of the ll'Z ^^^;^'''^-^^^^'^ they had fully accomplished rhei,^ heIH,h p«rpt)ie, they tvere aupri.ed by the troops ient from UoBton, bettreen whom a most blobdjr enpa/c r.t!;";!!r\''u"*^^'' '"'""""' encouraged by their num. bers, rfpell,^d the attack of the English in, so heroic a tritmtv, Urn (he latter were very soon thrown into dJsor, der end driven CM of town, where they again formed* raced «bont imd in torn charged the enemy witl. uncon- querable resom.ibn !-fhe contest now became close and •cfere, the sa««^M with tlieir terrific yells dexlerioosff ^hurled their tftWwhawks among the English, while th« fetter.wrth af mwehdejtterlty, attacked and mowed thctn U«wn wi«h their cmlasiWH Ueach were apparently ieter- iftiwdoll i^efory or death !-the English at „ne moment, unable to withstaml the rnvpetuosity of the savages, wni^rf give groond-at the next, the latter hafd pushed ^y tbo ^valry, would IWl-back^thus for. UiW^p t Bt ^f two hoon> did Victor^F appear ballancing between the two contendil^feV pHrties-^the fidd of action was covered with the nMrH WfeUe ih« j«ljacenr Woods resounded with the shneks and m*T/ "'" ^'^wnded'j-At this critical juncure the S When on the very point of surrendering, were W : :i#, ^ j| C4fi" %' I- p> providentially prcsepved by a stratagem— in the heat nf the action, Major Bradford despatched a company of cavalry by a circuitous route to attack the enemy in the rear, wliich had the most happy effect— the enemy sAia- pecting this company a reinforcement of the English, fied in e?ery direction, leaving the English masters of the field— thus, after two hours hard fighting, did the English obtain a victory at the expence of the lives of more jhan half their number !— their killed and wounded amounted lo ninety-nine !— the loss of the enemy was not ascer- tained, it. was however probably three tiroes greater than chat of the English. The day proceeding this bloody engagement, a ficu- tenant with 12 men were sent by the commander to the place of action to bury their dead, when they were a few rods therefrom, unexpectedly attacked by about 100 of the enemy, who had lain ii^ ambush— the lieutenant or- dered his men to reserve thetf fire until they could dis" charge with the best effect upon the enemy, by whom they were soon surrounded and •furiously attacked on all sides ; the savages yelling horribly, brandished their long . I^utves in the air, yet crimsoned with the blopd of their qountrymeui^the brave little band however rem^ained firm and iwdaunted, and as the savages approached them, each taking proper aim, discharged with so good^ffect upon them, that the Indians, amazed at the inst|||^eoua destruction of so many of their comrades, fledlp every direction — the English sustained no loss* ^ On the 5th the enemy successfully attacked the inhab- itants of the vill^^^^pf Casco, 30 of whom they killed and made prisoners of the family of a Mr. Bracket, who on the rth in the following manner made their escs^ : —the Indians on their return to their wigwarms, learn- ftft*AAVA^ wUh JM)cce»s and plundered the village of Arowaick, 19 *' . ./ lenjof ashare of the spoil hastened to join thent} leavin|» the prisoners in the care of twft old men and three squaws '^Mr. Bracket, whose family consisted of himselff wifey three small children and a negro lad, viewed this as a favourable opportunity to escape, to eifect which, he re- 1 'ont of which was a barri'cadiOr rendered bullet -proof, and to which long poles were at- tached, nearly 20 feet in length, to the ends of which were affixed every kind of combustible, such as birch r^ds, straw, pitch, pine, &c.— the Indiaos were sheltered by the barricador from the fire of the Eoglish whili^ they AnnrnA£hs«i the wsHs c*^ th£ h'^'^sc with it^ft* w»r^<^ft«— '&» English were now on the ^ve of despilria^^ Whtsi w ■»•"■ mm "?ff7^" toanitely one of the „h..Is or •. ;«""cl. which exposed >be X'- '.^ ' pTt '""•P'""" t.fi™ !-.!« unexpected o,™,' '«'J' «f Judians to their round, ,000 di.pe Jd th'e t^'it' :"." «'"■ ' ''"' * loss. *'""'' with no moot) .i^nai^ .Jh;fc^'tMtv^'.i"''"?''«'^°''-'' "•'^■'o -*'ved too I,ie ,0 „«•„, , ,L '^ '" "";"• «'"f. but ,f. "ou^c reduced ,0 1'^°" «.i««noe,lhey foutul ,he """ed by f;,e ' ^ ""f'-'unale f.miiy h„f <,„„, «.» instance o( .he"„„, ' h l " '""' «P'ivity-« "«".tio«ed, that Xr to'l : "^' " """"' '« ""^ «'« -"fortunate Jom« oflh "'k^ '"' "*''''"« '»' ""^ '" ««e dead body l^e" 1^^ r * * '"°'^' "'' "'' '" ««" .he procecd^nldil "'' '" "'" '«"'''-' « r^-s'' tirdo.y'^^f;": iblt "-'-"i ^"'""'«*' "•= ravage, of the cnL, ^r t ■"" " ''"'" ""y"" 'he further elfu, J '? '^' '" ""' **«'' »"'' '« ! 'v.nr P0^".o„eneo,7lo the rn:'"-' *"" "'*-"•' ""« "" "eighborhood of Kenned f^""^" ""^ •""''^■'» '"f-med the main body oft "*" "'"" ""'' >^«« — yr-- tbem— the cncmjr, who were about 800 itrongi appear- ed dispose* .0 maintain iheir ground : they fought with all the fury of savagei, and even aisailed the English from the top* of lofty trees which they ascended for the purpose i they were possessed of but few fire arms, but hurM their tomahawks with inconceivable exactness, and checked the progress of the cavalry with long spears !-4 victory for a long tima remained doubtiVl— the ground ^^being covered wit! snow, greatly retarded the >rogre88 f the troops, who probably would have met w.ih a de- feat had not a fr*ih compan r of infantry arrive* in time to change the fortune f the day— these haying remained inactive as a body of reserve, the commander found himself under he necessity of calling for their aid— the ,.aemy, dishearu ned at the unexpected arrival of an ad« ditional numbor of the < (8h,.fled with precipitancy to Ih oods-^but very v of them however escaped, wore than 200 of ai remained^ead upon the field of ^'^tion, and dqubl hai n" er « rially wounded !— the loss of the iinglish ^as . ilk i «..J 97 wounded.— This *T.gagemenl, which proves . decisive one, was of the greatest imnor^aice u. the English^ilic great and* arduoi work was now completed— the few remaining Indians that inhabited the eastern country, .. w expres- sed . desire to bury rhe bloody hatchet and to make peact with the English—their request wai heerfuIFy cOTftpIiad with, . >d they continued ever . er the hfnl friend of the English. • - . F* ai this imporunt period (which being tl 5lb day ' of December, 16ro) ought the peace and ttcspcntj , the now fl|»iirisht»g Stusea of Ncw-Englan. . rt, their date.-^Ii us ni ihis period that her ha v sons ■ t^he sanguine^fit^J, and exchanged i|ieir im;>»tiraeiiis U wsais ior oiicr. u wr»c better caievlated . ♦• the cul ;va<^ MenandiiUageQfihc. faru.s— The fopcsu with w *»■■ .j^'" m ■:*5i; tttf were encorapaiwd, no longer .bounded wiih Sere. »nduntuloreds.».g«_the Indian dea.h.ong ,„d war. »bo„p ,..„„ ,o„p,, he.rd_the ^ eater par, of ih. lnd.an. .ha. ,„r„».d the many blood, eng.gem.n... had er. whiS!?.' v" ;.":'!■""' '" ««"«"d-nd, there were about 3000 Indian»_»ii ., ..gree .ha. the «. co«t and ne.ghb, in '^,^ld ' Cbickly inhabited, »"gni>oring island, were nyi^'v^/Zar'^t ""'"'"' °'"'« '•'^"'»"«' "'0- ny. avery mortal .ickness, .opposed to have been th. plague, or perhaps the yellow'fever, raged wi'h'lat foond lying above Zund^ '\"'' """='' *"' .acb„,e..,^I„<,ia„.f n jd^'"*; 5-"" "'<"• The Ma.. «"ioo .o 30O r M ■"" ■""■ "^"'^ from .w^Ptoffg:", n?:^ J:;- '" '"^. "•= —-pox In 'res! on theTS^ V J '"'"""" M""""""".. """*"**"""■'"• *^'"» »«« "duccd by amor^^Lk! ■ '.•; ■^*^«»»4^-)*J f. BW."t H- Ml — ^9— ^< AcM, from 330 to 85 touIs. The hand of ProYidcncc i4 rotable in these surprising instances of njortalily among the Indians to make room for the whiles. Comparative- ly few have perished by wars ; and the descendants of the few that were not driven to the westward by the Eng. )ish, waste and moulder away and in a manner unaccounu able disappear* ^ The number of Indians in the state of Connecticut in 1774, was one thousand three hundred and sixty.three ; ^ ut their number is now doubtless much lessened. The principal pnrt of their population in this state is at Mohe- gan»inthe county ol New- London— these are ^ de- scendants of the Mohegans, of whom frequent mentiMi is made in the foregoing pages^as being very serviceabW (under thecommariffof Ukcus) lo the English, in their many engagements with the natives.— The Mohegans have ever exhibited great reverence for the descendants of their foj^c/ ^ocAcrw.— -After the death of Uncus, 'his body was conveyed (by his request) to Norwich, and there interred in th6 neighborhood of oii|i of his forts— this spot was sclec d by him, previous to his death, and it was his dying request that the wtolV family of Uncus, should be there buried, a request which has b»-en sirictlf complied with by the Mohegans ; who, although the dis- tance is seven miles from their own burying grouihf, have and continue to deposit there the desccndanta of their revfered Sachem. The number of IndiansJn Rhode-Isl^nd in 1783, was only five hundred and twenty.five. More than half ef. these live in Charleston, in the county of Washinj^ton.- In 1774, the number of Indians in Rhode-Island was ona thousand four hundred and eighty two ; so that in nine years the decrease was nine hundred and fifty.seveo,— We have not been able to ascertain the exact stale of the Indian population in Ma^-^ach" ciis and Ncw-Hamp^bif*;. 'J .■'t« ~80— , i ■ In 1784, there was a tribe of about forty Indians at JJdf' ridgewalk, in the Province of Maine, wiih some few othef ficattering remaps of tribes in oiheY parts j and a number of towns thirtly inhabited round Cape Cod. f When the English fifst arriyed in America, the Indian* had no lime ot places set apart for religious worship.—* The first settlers in New England were at great par;';, td mtroilace among them the habits of civilized fife, and to instrdet them In the Christian religion. A few years in«i fcreoupse with the Indians induced them to establish sev* % ^ eraY ppod and natofal regulations. itikiSier, Mr* Elliot, of Roxbury, Hear Boston, whtf |rt!i /been styjed the great Indhn apbci , u (hf' much la^ for learned the Natic dialect of thi* ?p -a languages. He published an Indian grammar, at i /ached in In- dian to several tfVbes, and in K54^ translated the bible »nd several rcligitMis books W> Hue Indian language.— Wc relates several pertinent ^u^jries of the Indians re- specting the Christian religion. Among others, whether Jesn* Christ, the mediator or interpreter, could under* stand prayer rn ihe^ Indian language ? If the father be bad and the child gotilf, why should God in the second' commandment be offended with the child ? How the In- dians came to differ so much ffom the English in the knowledge of God and Jesas Christ, since tliey all sprang from one father ?— Mr. EtnoT w^s indefatigable in bis labors, and travelled through all parts of Massachusetts and Plymouth "-^Ionics, as far a's Cape Cod. The colo. r.y had such a veneration for him, that in an act of tho General Assembly relating to Indians, they express ihertiselvcs thus, « By the ai'viceof the said magistrates and of Mr. Elliot." Concerning the religion of the untaught natives of «.cnf-cn}ji«Mii, *vno or,c<^ neia u piuraiity oi dcjtics, aiter I'.e arrival of the English, supposed theie werr» onl| -8i- three, because they saw people of three kinds of com* plexions, viz— English, Negroes, and themselves. It was a notion pretty generally prevailing among them, that it was not the same God made them who made us s bui that they were created after the white people ; and it is probably they supposed their God gained some special skill, by seeing the white people made, and so made them better ; for it is certain they looked upon themselves, and their methods of living, which ihcy say their God expressly prescribed lor them, vastly preferable to the white people and their methods. With Mird to a future slate of exi&tance, many of them imagined that the chichmg, i, e, the shadow, or what survived the body, would at death go southward, and in an unknown but curious place— would enjoy some kind of happiness, such as hunting, feasting, dancing, and the like. And what they supposed would c<^tribute much to their happiness, was, that they should there hever be weary of those entertainments. The natives of New-England belie -d ttot only a plu- rality of Gods, who made and governed the several na- tions of the world j but they made deities of every thing they imagined to be great, powerful, beneficial, and hurt- ful to mankind ; yet they conceived an Almighty Being, whom they called Kichtau, who at first, according to their tradition, made a man and womun out of stone, tiut upon some diblike destroyed them again, and then made another couple out of a tree, from whom 'descended all the nations of the earth ; but how they come to be scat- tered and dispersed into countries so remote from one another they could not tell. They believed their SupreuMS God to be a good being, and paid a sort of acknowledg- ement to him for plenty, victorv and mh.pv Viff^e^n^. The immortality of the soul was universally believed Kmong them. When good men died, they sai:!, tf.eif '^^ *. _ -.-- o-^ ^1 ^ i_.« • #. _ »_..— .-. *^pej somewhat similar to our axes, but "wlttt^o ii I' ! 'j^ ,'.jfci3^ ,.^* ference of their being made with a neck instead of ai| eye, and fastened with a withe, like a blacksmith's chia. sel. The manner of the courtship and marriage of the na- tives manifested the impurity- of their morals.— When 9 young Indian wished for marriage, he presented the girl with whom he was enamoured, with bracelets, belts and chains of wampum— if she received his presents they cohabited together for a time upon trial— if they pleased each other they were joined in marriage ; but if after a few weeks, they were not suited, the man, leav- ing his presents quitted the girl and sought another mis. tres, and she another lover— in this manner they court- ed until two met who were agreeable to each other. The natives of New-England, although they consisie4 of a great number of different uations and clans, appear to hu^ spoken radically the same language— from Pis- cataqua to Connecticut, it was so nearly the same, that the different tribes could converse tolerably together- lift Mohegan or Pequot language was essentially that of all the Indians in New-England— the word Mohegan, is a corruption of Muhhekaneew, in th. singular, or of Muhhekaneek in the ^Wural number.— Th^ Penobscots, bordering on Nova-Scotia, the Indians of ^, Francis, in Canada, the Delawares, in Pennsylva-:.^ the Shawanese, on the Ohio, and the Chippewaus, ai the westward of lake Huron, all now speak the sanr.e radical language. He ►4ft'®«'« C^AP. IV. OF THE Dlt-FERENT TRIBES OF INDIANS LV- HABITING THE WESTERN COUNTRY^ t«rr» . . vv*. 5iia:j new speak of ifae indians wUc occuj/ 4; —85^ interior of America.-.They are the descendants of thosp whoonce inhabited the sea-coasts, and who were driven by the English (a9 mentioned in the proceeding chapter) far to the westward, so that but few of their descendants are now to be found within less than two orihree hun- dred miles of the sea : for though many of them have been mstructed in the knowledge of Christianity, and dis- snctsofland have been allotted them in several of the British colonies, where they have been formed into so- cieties ; yet it has been found that in proportion as they lay by their ancient customs, and conform to the mannteri^ of civilized life, they dwindle away, either because the change is prejudicial to their constitutions, or because when settled among the English they have great oppor- tunities of procuring spirituous liquors, of which both sexes are in general inordinately fond ; very little care f>eing ever taken to prevent those who are inclined to take advantage of them in trade, from basely intoxicating them, ior that purpose .-this has a powerful effect on their con- stitutions, and soon proves fatal, producing diseascs'.to which they were formerly strangers. Thus where a few years ago there were considerable settlements of them, their name is almost forgotten ; and those who still re- main, have for the most part, joined themselves to other nations in the interior part of the country, on the banks of the lakes and rivers. The Indians in Canada, and to the south of it, are tall and straight beyond the proportion of -rj^Dtc other nations ; their bodies are strong, but it has'^ren /served that this IS a strength rather suited to endure Uic exercise of'^he chase, than much hard labor, by which they are mr^ consumed ; they have generally supple limbs, and tl« smallcat degree of deformity is very rarely seen amongst thtm. Their fkatu''*? o"* — ~.<.i-^ *k_:_ __«--;-.- ^aiewliat of a copr ;r color, or a reddish Irown; thetl* " i' I —86— pwr, which is long, black, and lank, is as strong as that ^ of a horse. They carefully eradicate the hair from every part of the body except the head, and there they confine JjH it to a tuit at the top ; whence an erroneous idea has ^ much prevailed that the men of this country are natur- ally destitute of beards ; but it is unquestionable that 1^ is only an artiiicial deprivation. They generally wear only a blanket wrapped about them, or a shirt, both of which they purchase of the '' English traders : when the Europeans first came among them they found some nations entirely naked, and others >»i(h a coarse cotton cloth, wove by themselves, round their waist ; but in the northern parts their whole bodied) • were in winter covered with skins. The ^uran Indians possess a very pleasant and ferlilje country on the eastern side of the lake which bears the same name. Half a century ago they were very nume- rous, and could raise six or seven hundred warriors, but Ihcy have suffered greatly from the attacks of neighbor- ly itjg tribes. They differ in their manners from any of the Indian tribes Jby which they are sui rounded. They build feguiar houses which they cover with bark, and are con- sidered as the moat wealthy Indians on the continent, Ijating not only many horses, but some black cattle and swine. They likewise raise m_uch corn, so that after providk^ for their own wants, they are enabled to barter the rcaiaiader with other tribes. Their country extends one bttfidred and fifty miles eastward of the lake, but ii| :r IB (he contrary direction : the soil is not ex- ft by any in tfcis p*«t of the world : the timber is tall add leautiful, tb« woods abouk... with game, and abun- nair«ofaih 'riay be obtained fi-om the rivers and lakes; sodui if it was well cultivated, the land vould equal that ©B any part of the sci coaat of North- America. A rkii%. li^^ary of iht ordsr of Carthusian friars, by permisaiolt wKmk •f the bishop of Canada, resides among thefti, and is by' them amply rewarded for his services. Those tribes of Indians who inhabit the banks of lakes Champlain, George, and Ontario, were formerly- called Iroquois, but have since been known by the name of ♦« the five Mohawk nations ;"and « the Mohawks of Garnada ;" the former are called Onondagoefr, Oniades, Senecas, Tuscaaovies, and Troondock ; these fought on the side of the English in the contest for territory with France ; the Cohnawahgans and St. Francis Indian* joined the French. \i The knowledge which we have of the Indvatis further to the S. W. as far as beyond 42 « N. latitude, is chiefly obtained from the very worthy provincial officer Major Cauver, who travelled into those pars, in the year 176fr, and whose placid mannerarand artiest ^^j^rity could not fail of recommending him to men who..i nature alon« had instructed. He visited twelve nations of Indiani, among whic^h the following appear to be the most. oo»ai is really astonishing. Even when under the shocking tortufe to which prisoners are frequently exposed, they will not only make themselves cheerful, but provoke and irritate their tormentors by most severe reproaches. Thfey are grave in their deportment upon serious oc- casions, observant of those in company, respectful to the ^.flf-' never in haste lo speak before they have well ihoufht c« tM matter, and sure that the person who spolce beforij them has finished all that,he had to say. In their pub- lie councils, evecy man is heard in his turn according as his years, his wisdom, or his services to his country, have ranked him. Not a whisper, nor a murmur is heard from the rest, while he speaks ; no indecent com- inendations, ho ilLtimed applause. The young attend for their instruction ; for here they learn the history of their nation, are animated by those who celebrate nhe <»arlike actions of their ancestors ; are taught what \» the interest of their country, and how to cultivate 9J^ ^ pursue it. * , -[ Hospitality is eiercised among them wiih the utmost generosity and good will. Their houses, their provi- sions and even their young women are presemed to a guest. To those of their own nation they are likewise very humane and beneficent. If any of them succeed ill m hunting, if his harvest fails, or his house is burnt; he ieels no other effect of his misfortune, than its giving him an opportunity of experiencing the benevolence ana regard of his countrymen, who, for that purpose, have almost every thing in common. But to the enemies of his country, or to those who have privately offended him, the native American is implacable. He never indeed makes use of oaths, or indecent expressions, but cruelly conceals his sentiments, till by treachery or surprise hd. can gratify his revenge. No length of time is sufficient ' to aflay his resentment; no distance of place is gMt enough to protect the object j he crosses tl»e steepest mountams, pierces impervious forests, and trMVerses the most hideous deserts ; bearing the inclemency of the season, the fatigue of the expedition, the extremal of hunger and thirst, with patience and chcerfulnes^ irt . .^, -„.,.-.„„ JJJ5 ep,^^j^,y^ g,jj^ exercising upon him the most shocking barbarities. When these cannot btt •.f Iv- ■ • ^90— cffecfed, the !*€V«nge is left as a legacy, (ransfcred from generation to gencr»lioni, from fatl.cr lo son till an op- portunilw oaera of; t^ing what they think ample satis- faction. To such extremes do the Indians push their friendship, or their enmity ; and such indeed is, in gen- eral, the character of all uncivilized ni .ions. They, how- ever, esteem nothing so unworthy a man ofbense, as a peevish tenipei. >nd a proncne* to a sudden and rash anger. • ;.' On Che other hand, they are highly sensible of the utility and pleasures of friendship : for each of them, at a certain age, makes choice of some one nearly of the •ame standing in life to be their most intimate and bosom friend, these two enter into* inutual engagements, by which they oblige themselves 'o b^ave any danger an! rwn any risk, to assist and v :*nort each other. Thia attachment is even carried ba 4Ai as to overcome the fear cf death, which they consiafr as only a temporary separa- tion^ being persuaded that they shall meet and be united in friendship in the other world, never to be separated more ; and that there they shall need one another's as- $>ifttance as well as here. it does not appear that there is any Indian natron (hat has not some sense of a deity, and a kind of superstitious religion. Their ideas of the nature and attributes of God are very obscure, and "Dme of them absurd, though they conceive of him as the Great Spirit, and imagine tli&i his more immediate residence is on the island of the great lakes. They seem to have some idea that there fere spirits of a high«r and more excellent nature than man ; and supposing them tc be every where present, iiequemly invoke them, and endeavour to act agreeable 10 tTieir desires. They likewise imagine that there is an evil sphit, ^ho they say is always inclined to mischief, and bciirs great sway in the creation j this indeed is the —91— princip^ object of their neve orw • he/ g«n<»riiHy ad- dress him most heartily, bescechiivg hfm to do them no hamt but F Apposing ihc others to b» propitious, and evcf iuclined to do goo hey intreafi tboac spirit* t« lyfttiiw blessings upon th^m and prevent the evil spirit from hurUBg thcitt. iMajiH- Carvbh rclat<.» that one of tlifi moat considerabla chief's among tive Oitawaws with irhomi he reraainod i night, oa atiending him to his canoe IhH next raorning, with ^^ sat solemnity, and in an auda- ble voice ©fi ed up a fervent prayer, as he entered hi* fiznoe, * t?„i the great spiri would favor him with » proape. i voyage j that he id give him an uncloud- ed «kv, »nd amooih waters uy day, and ihat he might ^■« down oy night on a be«ver blaaket, enjoying unimev- rupted sleep and pleasant dreama j and also that he might Hnd continual security under the great pipe of peace." To procure the protection of the good spirit, they imagine it necessary to distinguish themuelves, and that they must above all other atldinments, become good Warrbw, expert hunters, and steaolve and interpret all their dreama. They re pre .11 1 the pther world aa a place abounding with an inexhaustible plenty of every thing desiiable, where they shall enjoy the moat full and exquisite gratification of all their sense*. —This ia doubtlesa the motive that induces the India>) to meet death with such indifference and composure; none of them being in the least disraaytfd at^i|r*i6^» fifo to w»r, cuts o|r a piece and eaif, MyingV " Thus will I dewur our enemies," mentioning the n»* lion they are going to attack. Tht ceremony being per- formed, the dance begiiis, and tlitfy sing the war tong, which has relation to their intended eaipcdition and con* ^quest, or to their own skiH, courage and dexterity in figh»ing, and the manner in which they will vanquitli their enemies. Their expressions are strong and patfae(« ic, attended with a tone that inspires terror. Such is the influence of their women in these consul- rations, that the issue depends much upon them. If any \ dne of them in conjunction with the chiefs, has a mind to excite one, who does not immediately depend upon them, to lake a part in the war, she presents, ♦ ' the hands of some trosiy young warrior, a string of warn. :^um,to the person whose help she solicits, which sel^ rdom fails of producing the effect. But when they mc^ tit an offensive ordelensive alliancvi With a whole nation, they send an embassy with a large belt of wampuhi and a olwjdy hatchet, inviting them to come and drink ih» blood of their enemies. The wampum used on these and other occasions be-' fore their acquaintance with Europeans, was only smaH *ells, which they picked up by the sea coasts, and on thebgUksof the lakes. It now- consists principally of a kind Of cylindrical beads, made of white and bltf^ sbeMa, which are esteemed among them as silVtr ind |0ld are among us. The black they think the most v«|. H&b'e ; both of them are their greatest riches and orna- ments, answering ail the ends of money among us.-i- They have the art of stringing, twisting, and inter^veav- kig them into their belts, collars, blankets, 8cc.r in tin Ihou^nd different sizes, forms, and figures, ir^^^ rtnIi/:Yin. Urn. ^»i. ^,. r. - ._ «. . .At ' — r rw «c wiuaiuci]i& xor cTcry pan 01 oresak^tti cs* fJ'cftsivc of all their important transacuons. ^i^:^|* iht wampum df farioua colors and shades ; and as they arc made significant of almost any thing they please, b^ these their records are kept, and rheir thoughts commu* nicated to one another, as ours are by writing, Thui the bells that pass from one nation to another, in aU im* portant transactions, are carefully preserved in the cabin of iheir chiefs, and serve both as as kind of record or his. tory, and as a public treasure j hence they are nevef used on trifling occasions. The calmui, or pipe of peace, is of no less impor. tance, nor is iUess revered among them. The bowl o! this pipe is made of a kind of soft red stone, easily wr fthnn«m AftliAo^i >^:.^.i. __^ ^..! • 4 . . I.J..: . ,^, ,.!t,cv ouwiiais uic priCKCu aoci pftUit^ rfiii several parts of their bodies. Genera N rally, dbe);' 'tJT'^ u — £8 — li * march through the woods, they at every encampmenr, cut the figure of their arms on the trees, especially when they have had a successlul campaign, that travellers may know that they have been there ; recording also in their way the number of prisoners and scalps they have taken. Their military appearance is very odd and terrible.— They cut off all their hair, except a spot on the crown of their bead, and pluck out their eye>brows. The lock left upon the head is divided into several parcels, each of which is stiffened, and intermixed with beads and feath- ers of Various shapes and colours, the whole twisted and connected together. They paint themselves with a red pigment down to the eyebrows, which they sprinkle over with white down. The gristle of their ears are slit al- most quite round, and hung with ornaments that have generally the figure of some bird or beast drawn upon them* Their noses are likewise bored and hung with beads, and th^ir faces painted with various colors. On their breasts are a gorget or medal of brass, copper, or some other metal ; and by a string which goes round their necks, is' suspended that horrid weapon cilkd the scalping knife. Thus equipcd, they marqh forth, singing their war song, till they lose sight of their village ; and are gener- ally followed by their women, who assist them in carrying their baggage, whether by land or water, but commonly return bafore they proceed to action. I'hey have generally one commander for every ter^ men ; and if the number amounts to one hundred, a gen- eral is appointed over the others, not properly to com- mand, but to give ^18 opinion. They have no stated rules of discipline, or fixed methods of carrying on a war but make their attacks in as many different ways as there are occasions, but generally in flying parties, cquiped for that purpose. The weapons used by those who trade with the Eng- Ksh.and French ar# commonly a firelock, a hatchet, and a scalping knife ; but the others use bows, tomahavks and pikes. As the commander in chief governs only by advice, and can neither reward nor punish, e\^ery prilNite may return iiome when he pleases without assigning any reason for it; or any number may leave the main body, and carry on a private expedition, Ift^ whatever manner they please, without being called to account for their conduct. When iHe Indians return from a successful rarapaign, they contrive their march so as not to approach their vil- lage till toward the evening. They then send two or three forward to acquaint their chief, and the whole vil- lage, with the most material circumstances of their cam- paign. At day light next morning, they give their prison- ers nev^ clothes, paint their faces with various colors, and put into their hand a white staff, tasselied round with the tails of deer. This being done, the war captain sets up a cry, and gives as many yells as he has taken prisoners and scalps, and the whole village assemble at the water side. As soon as the warriors appear, four or five of their young men, well clothed, get into a canoe, if they come by water, or otherwise march by land : the two first car- rying each a calmut, go out singing to search the pri- soners, whom they lead in triumph to the cabin where they are to receive their doom. The owner of this cabiti has the power of determining their fate, though it is of- ten left to some woman who has lost her husband, brother, or son in the war ; and when this is the case, s^^ genfe*. rally adopts him into the place of the deceaimd, prisoner has victuals immediately given him and «^ile he is at this repast, a consultation is held; and if it fee pesolved to save his life, two young men untie bin*, and faking him by the hands, lead him to the cabin of tkt -*»■ —100— '' perion into whose ramily he is to be adopted, and tl)f re he is received with all imaginable inark&of kindness* Be is treated as a friend) as a brother, or as a husband, an4 they soon love him with the same tenderness as if he atqpd in the place of one of their friends. In short, he has no other marks of captivity, but his not being suffer- ed to return to his own nation, for his attempting ihii ^vould be punished with certain death. But if the sentence be death, how different their con- duct ! these people, who behave with such disinterested affection to each oTher, with such tenderness to those whom they adopt, here shew that they are truly savages | the dreadful sentence is no sooner passed, than the whole village set up the death cry ; and, as if there were nQ jnedium betwean the most generous friendship and the riost inhuman cruelty ; for the execution of him whon^ they had just before deliberated upon admitting into tbeif tribe is no longer deferred, than whilstihey pan make the necessary preparations for rioting in the most diabolical cruelty. They first strip him, and fixing two posts in the ground, fasten to therp two pieces from one to the other ; one about two feet from the ground, the other about five or six feet higher : then obliging the unhappy victim to mount upon the lower cross piece, they tie his legs to it at little asunder : his hands are extended and tied to the angles formed by the upper piece. In thia posture they burn him all over the body, sometimes first daubing him with pitch. The whole village, men, woi^ men, and children, assemble round him, every one tor- turing him in what manner the^ please, each striving to Exceed the other in cruelty, as long as he has life. But if none of the bye-standers are inclined to lengthen out his torments, he is either shot to death, or inclosed with dry bark, to which they set fire j they tlien leave him on \m hame, and In the evening run from cabin to c^bi;^ boir. Ihc rem«,„der of .he day .„d .he nigh, hlC. '"B ■• «pend i« rejoicing. *" Thi. is the most uau.l method of murdering their ori. ».,.r., but .ometime. they f..,en .hem .!. .i„I .take. .„d build a 6re .round .hem , « other tlLllll c™elly m.„g,e ,heir limb,, cu. off .heir Bng.r.rd .«' What II the mo3l extraordinary, if ,he sufferer be .» Inian, there .eem. during the whole .ime of his exec.. t.<». a contes, between him and hi. .ormen.or wTh p.^^ t hV' T- "" '"'""'"« '"^ »- "0" ' piwns, or he in endurjnjj them • nn» a «...« ba wdl .,.e„d his death : that he even reproach .hem m th.^: T'""' " "" "' "' """"""^ ; point, Z methods of more exquisite .oriure, and more sensiW. parts of the body to be afflicied. '''' The scalps, .bo.e dreadful proof, of U barbarity of IhenTT "'""'^'"'""^ ' -" •"'^y have cer,ai„d." *hen the young men gain a ntw name or ti.le of honon accord.ng to the quahties of the persons to whom-^,,^ 3'fo;re'f ^""rr""^ •"'""' sumcie„rrr. ward fof the danger, and fa.igues of many campai™. m^. r'rTnetir*' '^ '-'— -'-"■.'.t In the late American revolution, Britain had the Ini... nianiiy to rewarri tha.„ r. . I"*'" "^fl the mhu- fommit'ed un«"n".K"''^^ T" "' °^W^y foJ" depredations camm,t.cd upon those who were siuggling ,„ jhc cause '^ % —108— flff liberty !— It was through their inBtigation that the liatcheo of ^he Indians were made drunk with Americaa blood !— ihe widow's wail, fhe virgin's shriek, and infant's trembling cry, was musick in their ears. In cold blood they struck their cruel tomahawks into the defenceless head of a Miss M Krat, a beautiful girl, who was that very day to have been married !•— the particulars of the inhuman transaction follow :— Previous to the late war between America and Great-Britain, a British oificer by the name of Jonks, an accomplished young man, ref^Jd- ed near Fort Edward— Ivis visits thither became more frequent when he found himself irresistibly drawD by charms of native worth and beauty. iMiss M^Khay^ whose memory Jo d£ar to humanity and true affection^ was the object of his peregrinations. Mr. JoNRs had not taken the precautions necessary in hazardous love, but had manifested to the lady by his Uknstant attention, undissembled and ingenious demean- of) that ardent affection, which a susceptible heart com- pelled her implicitly to return. In this mutuaJ inter- change of passions, they suffered themselves to be trans- ported on the ocean of im-aginaiion, till the unwelcome necessity of a separation cut off every Springing hope. The war between Great-Britain and America commen- ced — a removal from this happy spot was in consequenc; suggested to Mr. Jones, as indispensible. Nothing joulfl alkviate their mm.ual horror, but duty— nothing ' could allay their reciprocal grief, so as to render a sepa- rate corporeal existence tolerable, but solemn vows, witb the idea? of a future meeting; Mr. Jones repaired to Canada, wheie all intercourse with the Provinciife waaRprohibted. Despair, which presented itself in *^* gravkted/jolours when General Buugoyne's expedition throtfgh t4i;J:ftt*i»es was nxed, succeeded to his formei*" JjB^pes.—'JKhe J3i I ilah army lining encamped about thrii* -ir:. I fs. Jj^lu from the Fort, a descent was daily projecWd.-l Here Mr. Jokes could not but recognize the .pot. on Inch rested aU his joys. He figured to hi", mind the dread, which h.s hostile approach must raise in tlie Lreast of her, whon of all others, he thought it his high- est interest to protect.-In spiR' of arrettl and com- mandsto.thecontrary, he found means secretly to con- vey a letter, inireating her not to leave the town wicii the family, assuring her, that as soon as the fort should have surrendered, he would convey her to an asylum, where they might peaceably consummate the nuptial ceremony. Far from discreditmg the sincerity of hi„» low the fly.ng villagers. The remonstrances of a fathei- or tne tearful intrealies of a mother and numerous friend, could not avad ! It was enough that her lover was her fnend-she considered herself protected by the love and voluntary assurances of her youthful hero. With the society of a servant maid, she- impatiently waited tU* desired conveyance. Mr. Joke, finding the difficulty ir>. to which he was brought, at length, for want of better convoy, hired a party of twelve Indians, to carry a let- ter to Miss M'Kray, with his own horse, for the dJn pose ofcarrying her to the place appointed. They set off, fired with the anticipation of their promised prcmi urn, which was to consist of a quantity of spirjis, on con. dition that they brought her off in safety, wl^h, to aa Indian was the most cogent stimulous the yout,i^%ver could have named. Having arrived in view of her win' * dow, they sagaciously held up the letter^ to pre.entZ f«rs and apprehensions which a savage knows he ^ ^ cxc^e, m the sight of tenderness and sensibilit,;^ ^ faith and expectati6i||, enabled her to divine the U^ of these ferocious ^sgionaries, while h^ ^^J^* •<»aia uttered nought bat shrieks and cri^. ^^ ' ,.Kl —104— tived, and by their thty \i whom remain, it was til convinced her from had their instructions. If a doubt coi removed by the letter— it was from her lover. A lock of his hair, whicli it contained) presented his manly figure to her gloomy fancy, vi^Iere, reader, guess what must have been her ecsta- cy.— She resolved to brave even the most horrid aspect, which might appear between her and him, whom she considered already hers, without a sigh— she did not for a moment hesitate to follow the wishes of her lover ; and took journey with these bloody messengers, expecting very soon to be shielded in the arms of legitimate affec- tion. A short distance only then seemed to separate two of the happiest of mortals.— Alae ! how soon are the •s»Qst brilliant pictures of felicity defaced by the burning hand of afflirtion and woe ! How swiftly are the Ralcyon dreams, which lull the supine indolence of thought, sue* ceeded by the real panga which are inflicted by a puniah- t Providence or a persecuting foe l aving risen the hill, at about equal distance from thecamp and her former home, a second party of In- jjKMJis having* heard of the captivating offer made by Mr. JbNES, determined to avail themselves of the opportuni- ty» The reward was the great object* A clashing of real and assumed rights was soon followed by a furious ^ %Std bloody engagement, in which several were killed on ^elich side. The commander of the first party, pcrceiv- "^Ihg that nought but the lady's death could appease the fury of either, with a tomahawk deliberately knocked her from her horse, mangled her scalp from her beautiful temples, ^%^h he exultingly bore a as trophy of zeal to tke expectant A chiTscter in GsnsidsY en ths. ^Sth Februai'v feS' u^^9& Salmon Fails (a plantatloiM^ ||ie river which divides / i and that all males* (above l%,^d und(|r 60 years of age) should be held in i%a9i« Vf ^4¥^ to ma.rch at the shortest notice. w24|(^n the 20th March, at a propose^ meeting of Com- wijajtifsioners from New* York and New-England, a plan 'f' yn^P proposed and adopted for invading Canlda— 800 men were ordered to be raised for the purpose — the quotas ot the several colonies were fixed, an^genej^l rulef^dop- ted for the management of the arr^. A small ve ssj^ wai^ sent express to England the beginning of A] carrying a representation of the exposed state colonies and ttie necessity of the reduction of Canadii a petition was also forws^rded to his majesty for a supp^- ' of arms and ammunition, and a number of frij^eft to attack the enemy by water, w|^ tj}e 'co^f^ trills made an invasion by land* Jo^if WivruAi j|»pointed major-general and. hnrrlahmo. »K*u foil <•-> i. However, the Governor was so charmed with his IflSbdesty an^ manlf air, that he never asked him a sylla- ble about his agr, but after thanking him for " a noble jiouth" and insisting on his taking a glass of wine with him, slipped a commission into his hand. The nextday» accompanied by an interpretor and a couple of servanif, he set out on his expedition, which was, from start to pole, as disagreeable and dangerous as any thing Hercu- lus himself could have wished. Soaking rains, chilling blasts, roaring floods, pathless woods, and mountain* .l.wi Im enAma» Ar\«\nc»rl hia rntira^ • hnt nnnnsed in Vai!l*i> z^ztixi !:s ITS.— . -, ^i:i""'~" ""— ~ ~ r " ri" The glg^iout ambition to serve hii cou'ntry impait^d ^l # Attirtarfort to his nerves, which rendered him superior t6 all difficulties. Returning homewards he was waylaid and shot at by a French Indian, and though the copper- coloured ruffian was not 15 steps distant when he fired.at him, yet -not even so much as the smell of lead passed on the clothes of our young hero. On his return to Virginia, it was found that he had executed his negotiations, both with the French and Indians, wilh such fidelity and judgment, that he received the heartiest thanks of the Governor and Councillor the v^ important services he had done his country. He was now (in the 20th year of his agc> appointed major and adjutam-general of the Virginia forces. Sooit after this, ihp Indians continuing their encroachments, or- ders were given by the English government, for the coU onies to arm and unite in one confederacy. Virginia took the lead, and raised a regiment of four hunO'ed men, at the head of which she placed her darling Wash- INGTOIf. With this handful of brave fellows. Col. Wasbimotok not yet 23 years of age, boldly pushed out into the In! dian country, an^ there for a considerable time Hamil* bal.like, maintained the war against three times m number of French and Indians. At the Red- Stones hi came up with a strong party of the enemy, whom he engaged and effectually defeated, after having killed irnd taken thirty-one men. From his prisoners he fM^4 undoubted intelligence, that the French forces Ohio consisted of upwards of a thousaai* Wulars many hundreds of Indians. But notwI^I^W disheartening advice, he still pressed on u^umwwi -^5j vfUj't a foft, which he eailcd Fort Necd^jT^ "" ^ jrwted, hourly and anxicusly looking fe • -Ci # ¥ tioiti New-York and Pennsylvania ; but he looked i^ ♦ain— nobody came to his assistance* Not long aflef this his small force, now reduced to three hundred meni were attacked by an army of 1100 French and Indians* J4ev«r did the true Virginian volor shine more gloriously than on this trying o^a&ion. To see three hundred yoUng feltows—commanded bjr a 8mootb*faced boy— all unaccustomed to the te^yora of war— far from home, and from all hopes of help— shut tip in a dreary wilderness, and surrounded by four time* their number of savage foes, and y^ without sign of fear, without thought of surrender prepairing for mortal eombat. Oh lit was a noble sight l— Scarcely since the days of Lionidas and his three hundred deathless Spar- tans had the sun beheld its equaU With hideous whoop* and yells the enemy came on like a host of tygers. The iroods, and rocks, and tall tree tops (as the Indians climb- In^io the tops of the trees, poured down their bullets into the fort) were in one continued blaze «nd crash of fire-arms. Nor were our young warriors idle, but ani- mated by their gallant chief, plied their rifles with such spirit, that their little fort resembled^ volcano in full blast, roaring and discharging thick sMls of liquid fira «nd of leaden deaihs among their foes. For three gtori^ eus hours, Salanjandar like, inveloped in smoke and flame, they sustained the attack of the enemy'a whote force, and laid two hundred of them dead on the spot !— Discouragtdl^by such desperate resistance, the French general, the Count de Villiebs sent in a flag to Wash- ington, extolling hi? gallantry to the skies, and ofiering him the most honorable terms. It was stipulated that ^ol. Washington and his little band^f heroes, should Snarch away with all the honors of war, and carry with flR the Spring of 1755, Washingtok, vrhile busied^ / 4? the highest tnilitarf operationi, /as summoned to attend Qen. Bradsodk, who in the month of February, arrived At Alexandria, with 3000 British troops. The Assemblf of Virginia appointed 800 provincials to join him. Th« object of this army was to march through the country, by the way of Will's Creek, to fort Du Quesne (now Pittsburgh, or Fort Pitt.) As no person was so well ao- quainted with the frontier country as WASHiMotoir, and kione stood so high in military fame, it was thpught h« would be infinately serviceable to <;eneral Braddock. . At the request of tjy Governor and Council he cheerfully quitted his own command, to act as volunteer aid-de- camp to that very imprudent and unfortunate general.-.^ The army near 8000 strong, marched from Alexandria and proceeded unmolested within a few miles of Fort Pitt. On the morning of the day in which they expect- ed to arrive, the provincial scouts discovered a large party of g^^ch and Indians lying in ambush. Washingtoit, witfi his usual modesty, observed to Gen. Bjiad&ocii What sort of enemy he hpd now to deal with. An enemy who would not, like the Europeans, come forward to a fair contest in tl^fifeld. but, concealed behind rocks and trees carry on a dladly warfare with their riBes . He con- cluded with begging that Gen. Braddocx would grant Wm the honor to let him place himself at the head of tb« Virginia riflemen, and fight them in their own w«y^ And it was generally thought that our young hero Mit his 800 hearts of hickory, would very easily have^eaten^ them too, for they were not superior to the forc«v^>>iii^ (with only three hundred) he had handled so rotn^hi^ twelve month before. But Gen. BrAddock, who had all along treated the American officers and f^dierawlEh |i^ ^ fidite contempt, instead of following this tIc% s?rcikd and fedtlened wit^ reosr '\mh times, by G-d J" he exdftiaiod, "■■■'■ ' p ". "';' mm —114^ I 1 fro, with arms a kimbo, <« High Jimes ! wheh a y^ong buckskin can teach a British general how to fight f "— Washington withdrejv, biting his lips with grief andj in- dignation, to think what "numbers of brave fellows w4u1d draw short breath that dajr , through the pride and olisti- nacf of one epauletted fool. The troops were ordered to form and advance in columns through the woods ! ! !-• In a tittlct, tyme the ruin which Washin&ton had dieted ensued. This poor devoted army, pushed their mad-cap general, fell into the fatal snare which was laid for them. All at once a thousai|| rifles began tlie work of death. The ground was instantly covered with the dying and the dead. The British troops, thus slaugh- tered by hundreds, and by an enemy whom they could not see, wer« thrown irrecoverably into panic and con- fusion, and in a few minutes their hiughty general with 1200 of his brave but unfortunate eountrymen, bit the grouDd. Poor Braddocx closed the tragedy with great decency. He was mortdtty wounded in the beginning' of the action, and Wasrin(^n had him placed in a cart ready for retreat. Close on the left, where the weight of the French and Indian' fire principally fell, Wasbimgton and hia Virginia rijletnen, dressed in blue, sustained the shock. At every discharge of their rifles ihe wounded general cried out, **0 mj brave Virginia 6luc$ I Would ta God I could lite to reward jou for such gallantrj.** But he died. Washington buried him in the road, and to savp him from discovery and the scalp- ing knife, ordered the wamiis on their retreat to drive mer his grave l^Qjg^tM^ifhftl^ man I Even a thing of fjoughti'i^' -i^-i - Amidst JittJBpiffii^ co|Mt|f nation and carnage, an&jdst lirthetMBir and hofr&rt of jy i i fc i^ndered still ;^HVihf the \f Che PllMir shriek rHIe of th« furious asiaulting savages ; Washinctow; calm and self-collected, rallied his faithful riflemen, led them on to the charge, killed numbers of the eftemy whciTv^ were rushing on with tomaba\f1is, checked their pursuiti and brought off the shattered regains of the British army. With respect to our beloved Washington, we cannot ^but mention here two very extraordinary speeches that were uttered about him at this time, and which, as things have turned out, look a good deal like prophecies. A fa- mous Indian warrior who assisted in the defeat of Brad- bock, was often j^card to swear that Waseingtom was not born to be killed by a bullet ^ ^'Jor^" continued he, •* / had \7 fair Jires at him vith my rijley and, ajtcr a//, | could not bring him to the ^rmnd,"'^Anut fortune changed the day at the close of it We had passed through a great forest, in which stood myriads of trees, some gay wiih blossoms; others rich^ wiih fruits. Nature was here a series of wonders and a fund of delight. Here ihe displayecf her ingenifity and industry in a variety of flowers ami fruits, bcaulifttHy colored, elegantly shaped, and'charmingly fla- vored ; and we were favored with numberless animals ptesenting lu -v^asJves perpetually to our view. In the ^cUoeof thf tv , ar ^rntucky river, as we ascended j^ebrowofa itr. 1 ;.ji|, a number of Indians rushed ^^Ul of a tAi|^k «fe,-ulc l5o;!.age to defend us from the winter storms. We met vrith no disturbance during the winter. On the 1st of^ May, 1770, my brother returned horte for a new recruit of horses and ammunition, leaving me alone, witbbut bread, salt, or sugar, or even a horse or a dog —I p^^ *ed a few days uncon)rortably-.the idea of a belovedt wife and fannly, and their anxiety on my account. Houfd hav<; thought ».^==^— , n z «aci i^u^n^am One day I undertook a tour through the countrf , when the diversity and beauties of nature I met with in this charming season, expelled every gloomy thought. Just •t the close of the day^ the gentle gales ceased ; a pro- found calm ensued ; not a breaih shook the tremulous leaf* I had gained the summit of a commanding ridgei >nd looking around with astonishing delight beheld the ample plains and beauteous tracts belov7* On one hand I surveyed the famous Ohio rolling in silent dignity) and marking the western boundary of Kentucky with incon- ceivable grandeur. At a vast distance I beheld the mountains lift their venerable brows and penetrate the clouds. AU things were still. I kindled a tire near ^ fountain of sweet water, and feasted on the line of a buck which I had killed a few hours before. The shades of night soon overspread the hemisphere, and the earth seemed to gasp after the hovering moisture. At a dis- tance I frequently heard the hideous yells of savages.--. My excursion had fatigued my body and amused my mind. I*^id mor down to sleep, and awoke not until the 8U0 had chased away the night. I continued this tour »nd in a few days explored a considerable part of the country, each day equally pleasing as the first ; after which I returned to my old campi which had not been disturbed in my absence. I did not confine my lodging to it, but often reposed in thick cane brakes to avoid the savages, who I believe frequently visited my camp, but fortunately for me, in my absence. No populous city with all its yarieties of commerce and stately structures, co'ild afford so much pleasure to my mind, as the beau- ties of nature I found in this country. Until the srih July, I ^spent the time in an uninter- rupted scene of sylvan pleasures, wher my brother, to my great isliciiy, tnct me, accoft'ing to sppoin'ment st our old camp. Soon after we left the place arid proceed- ■%/ 'IP •>-lI9-^ «t! to Cumberland river, reconnoltreing that part of the country, and giving^ names to the different rivers. In March, 1771, I returned home to my family, being tletermmed to bringrthcm as soon as possible, at the ri^ of my life and fortune, to reside in Kentucky which I q^ teemed a second paradise. On my return I found my family in happy circum- stances. I sold my farm on the Yadkin, and what good* we could not carry with us, and on the 25th September, irrs, we took leave of our friends and proceeded on our journey to Kentucky, in company with five more families and forty men that joined us in Powell's Valley, which it 150 miles from the new settled parts of Kentucky j— but this promising beginning was soon overcast with a cloud of adversity. On the loth October the rear of our company was at tacked by a parly of Indians ; who killed six, and woundl cd one man. Of these my eldest son was one that fell in the action. Though we repulsed the enemy, yet ihi« unhappy aflTair scattered our cattle and brought us fnM extreme difficulty— we retreated forty miles to the act^ * llement on Clench river. We had passed over two mountains, Powell's and Walden's, and were approach- ing Cumberland mountain, when this adverse foriBftc overtook us. These mountains are in the wilderness, ^■ passing from the old settlements in Virginia to Kentucky are ranged in a southwest and northeast direction, are of great length and breadth, and not far distant from e.'.ch other. Over them nature hath formed passes less dilTi. cult than might be expected from the view of such huge piles. The aspect of these cliffs are so wild and horrid that it is impossible to behold them without horror. * Until the 6th June, 1774, I remained with my fam'ilf •-"• '"t Clinch, when I and anoiher person were «Hic,te4 mrnor Dummore, of Virgini!., to coOilucl a Uuai, i W£.. by M. to the falls -^130— This was a toKf h^t of surveyors of 800 miles, and took us sixty>two days. On my return, Gov. Dunmork gave me the command of three garrisons during the campaign against the Shawanese. In March, 1775, at the solicitation of a numberorgentlemenofNorth'Carolina, I attended their treaty at Wataga, with the Cherokee Indians, to purchase the lands on the south side of Kentucky river. After thia I undertook to mark cut a road in the best passage irom the settlements through the wilderness to Kentucky. Having collected a number of enterprising men well arjpned, I soon began this work— we proceeded until we pame within fifteen miles of where Boonsborough now stands) where the Indians attacked us, and killed two and wounded two more of our party. This was on the sad March, 1775^lwodays after we were again attacked by them, ^hen we had two more killed and three wound* ed. After this we proceeded on to Kentucky river with-> out further opposition. On the 1st April we began to erect the fort of Boons* borough, at a salt lick, sixty yards from ^the river on the south side. On the 4th the Indians killed one of our men. On the 14th of June, having completed the fort^ I returned to my family on the Ciirtch, and whom I soon after removed to the fort — my wife and daughter were supposed to be the first white women that ever stood upon the banks of Kentucky river i On the 24 h December the Indians killed one of our men and wounded another ; and on the 15th July, 1776« they took my daughter prisoner— I immediately pursued them with eight men, and on the 16th overtook and en- gaged them, I killed two of them and recovered ray daughter. The Indians havlno* divided themselves into several partiesj, attacked on one day ail our infant settlefnei,us <«•»• «^,. —181-. ts a twte command gainst the tion of a ded their purchase After thift age irom icky, [nen well until we )ugh now billed two s on the I attacked 56 wound* iver with<< of Boons* ^er on the le of our the forty )m I soon Iter were ver stoo4 rie of our ly, 1776, ' pursued i and en- tered vaf o several sttJccnents •ha ft,««. aomg a fereat deal of datnage-the h«,bahd- teen were ambushed and unexpectedly attacked whiles tchng ,„ the field. They continued this kind of war- fare until the 15th April 1777, when nearly 100 of them attacked the village of Booneborough, and killed a num- ber of ,t. .nhabnant.. On the 19,h Colonel Looah's fort waa attacked by 200 Indiana^there were only 15 inen m the fort, of whom the enemy killed two tad wounded one* *. On the 20th Angust, Col. BowMAur arrited with 100 feier. from Virginia, with which additional force we had almost daily skirmishes with the Indians, who began sow to learn the superiority of the « ion^ A„i/e/* as they termed the Virginians j being out.generaled in almost erery acl.on. Our affairs began noW to wear a bettcras- pect, the Indians no longer daring to face tis in open" field, but sought private opportunities tb destroy us. On the Jrth February, 17 f 8, while on a hunting excur. •ion, alone, I met a party of 102 Indians, and 2 French- men, marchit^. to attack Boonsborough^thty pursued and look me prisoner, and conveyed me to Old Chelicoi the, the principal Indian town on Little Miami, where ii| ' arrived on the 18ih February, after an uncomfortabh^- journey^^On the 10th March 1 was condUctcd^ir^e. troit, and while there was treated with great hui»«n,ty by iSovernor HAMtLxov, the British commanaer at ih/t port, and Intendant for Indian affairs* The Indians had such an affection fot ttt^ that they refused 100/, sterling offered them by the Qovernor, U^ they would consent to leave me vith him, that Ije might be enabled to liberate me on my parole. Several Englhli f!^^!**"? **"!." !'^^*''°'^' ""*'"»'« of my adverse fo^c, . -n,.. tousiieu With sympaihy, generously offered to si^li my wanti, which I deelioed with many thaiftiw tddi ^ 2m: •& '#.. ^133-. ' 'Six ■.m^^ that I ntver expected it would be in my power to reconi* pence such unmerited generosity. Or the lOth April tho Indians returned with me to Old Chelioothe, whevw* we arrived on the 25th.— Th'Mi was a long and fatiguing march, although through art exceeding fertile country, remarkable for springs and streams of water. At Chelicothe I- apent my time as comfortable as I could expect ; was adopted, accordinf^ to their custom, into a family, where I became a son, and had a great share in the affection of my new parents, brothers, sisters, and friends* I wa» exceedingly lamiliar and friendly with them, always appearing as cheerful and contented as possible, and they put great confidence in me. I often wtint a hunting with them, and frequently gained their applause for my activity at our sHooting; naatches. I was careful not to exceed many of them iii shooting, for no people are more envious than they in this sport. I could observe 'n their countenances ^nd gestdres the greatest expressions of joy when they ex- ceeded me, and when the reverse happened, of envy.— Tlie Shawanese king took great notice of me, and treated me with profound respect and entire friendship, often entrusting me to hunt at my liberty. I frequently return- ed with the spoils of the woods, and as often presented some of what I had taken to him, expressive of duty to my sovereign. My food and lodging was in common with them, not so good indeed as I could desire, but ne- cessity made every thing acceptable. I now began to meditate an escape, and carefully avoided giving suspicion. I continued at Chelicolhe un*» til the first day of June, when I was taken to the salt springs on Sciotha, and there employed ten days in the manufacttiring of salt. During this time I hunted with fbout this river to exceed the soil of Kentucky. f'^-' /■'* recom* On my return to Chelicothe, 450 of the cliolcest In-' <|ian warriors were ready to march against Boonsborougli ; they were painted and armed in a frightful tnannet.. This alarmed me and i determined to escape. On the 1 6th of June, before sunrise, I went off secretly, tnd reached Boonsberough on the 20th, a journey of 160 miles, during which I had only one meal. I four)d our .fortress in a bad state, but we immediately repaired our flanks, gates, posterns, and formed double bastions, which ire completed in ten days. One of my fellow prisonera escaped after me, brought advice that on account of my flight, the Indians liad put off iheir expedition for 3 weeks. About August 1st, I set out with 19 men to surprisd Print Creek Town on Scioiha, within four miles of which we fell in with 40 Indians g ling against Boonsborough— we attacked them and they soon gave way without anr loss on our part— the enemy had one killed and two wounded— we took ihrc^^orse^ and all their baggage The Indians having evacukted their town, and gone alt«. gether agamst Boonsborough, we returned, passed them on the 6ih, and on the 7th arrived safe at Boonsborough. On the 8th, the Indian army, consisting *3f 444 men, under the command of Capt. Du<^esxk, and eleven oth- er Frenchmen, and their own chiefs, arrived and sunj. moned the fort to surrender. I requested two days con- sideration, which was granted. During rhis we brought in through the posterns all the hottes and olKer catite we couJd collcrt:. , i-^ ;^.- / On the 9ih, in the evening, I informed tbeif i^mmand- er, that we were determined to defend the fort^> wNJ^ a man was living. They then proposed a ireaty^rstot? said' if we sent out nine men to conclude it, they WtouUl wiih- draw. The treaty was held within sixty y^id^ of the sort, as we suspected the savages. The ar£i€^ .w«iCP agreed to and signed j when the Indians told:||9i H itheir custom for two Indian* to shake handa with everf white man in the treaty, as an evidence of friendship,? We agreed to this also. 1 hey immediately grappled lu to take us prisoners, but we cleared ourselves of then? though surrounded by hundreds, and gained the fort safe! except one man who was woiinded by a. heavy fire from the enemy. The savages began now to undermine the fort, begins nmg at the water mark of Kentucky river, which is 60 yards from the fort ; this we discovered by the water be- ingmade mpddy by the clay-we countermined them by cuuing a trench across their subterraneous passage, The enemy discovering this by the clay we threw out of the fort, desisted. On the 2oih August they raised the siege Juring which we had two men killed and four wounded. We lost a number of cattle, The loss of the enemy was ^7 killed, and a much larger number wounded. We pipked up l?5lbs. of their bullets, besides what stuck in the logs of the fort, In July, Jrr9, during my absence, Col. Bowman, witi) «60 men, went against the Shawanese of Old Cnelitolhe. He arrived undiscovered, a baule ensued, which lasted «ntil ten in the morning, when Col. Bowman retreated 50 miles. The Indians collected all their strength and pursued him, when another engagement ensued for two hours, not to Col. Bowman's advantage. Col. Harbor proposed to mount a numl^r of horses and break the en- emy's line, who at this time fought with remarkable furyv 4 Ills desperate measure had a happy effect, and the sav- ages, fled on all sides. In these two engagements we «ad nifle mtn killed and one wounded, linemy's loss uncertaiqi only two scs^lps were taken. jQne22d, 1780, 500 Indians and Canadians undtr Co!. BiRD,%ttacked Kiddie's and Martin's station, andiifc i-vri^s of t.icking river, wiih si:^ pieces of arUUery; M»«^ took all the inhabitants captire, and killed one man and two women, loaded the others with the heavy bag.aJl •net such as failed in the journey were tomahawked The hosule disposition of the savages, caused General ^LARK. the commandant at the falls of Ohio, to march with his regiment and the armed force of the countrir agamst Peccaway, the principal town of the Shawanese on a branch of the great Miami, which he attacked with great success, took seventy scalps, and reduced the town to ashes, with the loss of seventeen men. y ; for durmg my captivity, my wife, thinking me kil- led by the Indians, had transported my family fndgoo^. on horses through the wilderness, amidst many danger, to her farther's house in North-Carolina. ^ ' Oft the 6ih of October, irao, soon after my settling •gam at Boonsborough, I went with my brother to ih. Blue Licks, and on our return, he was shot by a part, pf Indians, they followed me by scent of a dog, wWch I ahot and escaped. The severity of the winTer cauj great distress m Kentucky, the enemy during the sum- a^^ntl ^ZVT'^i ""' ""'''' ^^-- The inhabl ints lived chieay on Buffaloe's flesh. In spring, 17«2, the Indiaas harrassed ^al. they ravished, kij^ed and scalped a woman ap< llaughtersneay^sHTON's fetation, and took ali.. P"er. Capu Ashtov pursueii ihem with 35 nli«v«, in an engagement which lasted two hours, his party ^ Pijhged to retreat, having 8 killed and 4 mortally wouod- uri ; tbei- brave commander fell in tiht^action; Augysl lOfeb. two boys were carrf^^^ff from Major Hoy's station-rCapt. Holder pursued the enemy with 17 men, who were also defeated, with % jMfcof 7 kil. - .. _.._ _ Trv-«r, .:..«. ^uj- anairs uecame mmmwm more ^J#nning. The iavages infested the country and de« ^i*-. ■^' — 1S6— #" ^royed the whites as opportunity presented. In a fieW nt'ar Lexington, an Indian shot a man and running t« scalp him, was himself shot from the Tort and fell dead upon the ground* AH the Indian naiions were now uni- ted against us* Auf^ubt 15th, 500 Indians and Canadians came against Briat's station, hve miles from Lexingtoni they assault, ed the fori and killed ali the cattle round it ; but being repulsed they retired the third day, having about ftO kil- led, their wounded uncertain* The garrison had four kiilcd and nine wounded. August 18ih, Colonels Todd and Trigg, Major Har.' LAND and my^clt, speedily collected one hundred and 6eventy>six men, well armed, and pursued the savages. They had marched beyond the Blue Licks, to a remBika- ble bend of the main tork of Licking River, about 43 SDileit from Lexington, where we overtook them on^ tho 19ih. The savages observing us, gave way, and we ig<* norani of their numbers, passtd the river. When they saw our proceedings (having greatly the advantuge in situation) they formed their line of battle from one end of the licking to the other, about a mile from the Blue I^icks. The engagement wa>i close and warm for about fiUeen minutes, when we, being overpowered by num- beis, were obliged to retreat, with the loss of 67 men, 7 of whom were taken prisoners. The brave and much lamented Colonels Todd and Trigg, Major Harland, and my second son. were among the dead. We were afterwards informed, that the Indians, on numbering their dead, finding that they) had four more killed than we, four of our people they had taken were given up to their young warriors, to be put to death after their bar- barous manner. On our retreat we were met by Col. Logan, who WM Lastcniog to join us, with a number of well armed jrae»* —137— ThJs powerful assistance we wanted on the day of battfc; The enemy said one more tire from us would have mado them give way* I cannot rellect upon this dreadful scene, without greal sorrow. A zeal for the defence of their country led thesei heroes to the scene of action, though with a few men, lo attack a powerful army of experienced warriors. When we gave way, they pursued us with the utmost eagerness, and in every quarter spread destruction. The river wa» difficult to cross, and many were killed in the flight, some just entering the river, some in the water, others after crossing in ascending the cliffs. Some escaped on horse- back, a few on foot ; and being dispersed every where, in a few hours, brought the melancholy news of this ud- fortunate battle to Lcxingion. Many widows w€r« now made. The reader may guess what sorrow filled the hearts of the inhabitants, exceeding any thing that I am able to describe. Being reinforced, we returned to burr the dead, and found their bodies strewed every where, cut and mangled in a dreadful manner. This mournf«l scene exhibited a horror almost unparallelled ; some torn and eaten by wild beasts ; those in the river eaten by fishes ; all in such a putrid condition, that no one could be distinguished from another. When General Clark, at the falls of Ohio, heard of our disaster, he ordered an expedition to pursue the aav. ages, we overtook them within two miles of their tovpns. and we should have obtained Hgreat victory, had noj some of them met us when about two hundred pole* from their camp. The savages fled in the utmost disor- der, and evacuated all their towns. We burned to ashw OldChelicothe, Peccaway, NcwChelicothe,..and Wills- Town ; entirely destroyed their corn and <^ fVoifs ' aid spread dcsolution thrnuiyh ih..ii. /.«.,«#-i *4ter_ ._ .' icfen prisoners and fifteea scalps, and lost dlif IbMe il ■ '^*- ■■■e^ -.188— \ r tntfl, two of whom were accidentaUf killed hj OMntUtii This campaign dumped the enemfi yet thejr made secret incursions* •*>< In October a party attacked Crab Orchard, and one ct 'vthem being a good way before the others, boldly entered M house, in which were only a woman and h -r children, '•'"fend a negro man. The savage used no violence, but at- tempted to carry off the negro, who happily proved too strong for him, and threw him on the ground, and in the struggle the woman cut off his head with an axe— >whilat her little daughter shut the door^ The savages instantly came np and applied their tomahawks to the door, when the mother putting an old rusty gun barrtl through tho crevices, the savages immediately w^t off. From that time till the happy return of peace between the United States and Great-Britain, the Indians did us no mischief. Soon after this the Indians desired {.■'^cr. Two darling sons and a brother I have lost by saviige hands, which have also taken from me 40 valuable horses^ and abundance of cattle. Many dark and sleepless nights have I spent, separated from the cheerful society of men, scorched by the summer's sun, and pinched by the winter's cold, an instrument ordained to settle the wilderness. DANIEL BOON* ' JPayetti County, Kentucky, • CHAP. VIII. N««a EXPEDITION AW© DEFEAT of Gew. HARME!1| Mr vat INDIANS, 1790. :*M- ALTHOUGH a peace was happily effected be- tWctD the two contending pariittS) Gr«tt*Britain and ht '9' 1 A Aierica, io 1783, jret the Savages, who had beeh peri •uaded lo take a part with the former were unwilling to bury the bloody hatchet— they had not sufficiently bath- ed that destructive weapon in the blood of the Amcri- cans— without any pretext whatever, they continued to txercihc toward ihenrj the most wanton acts of barbarity. It appeared from respectable evidence, that from the year 1783, until the month of October 1790, the time the United States commenced offensive operations a- gainst the said Indians, that on the Ohio, and the fron- tiers on the south side thereof, they killed, wounded and .took prisoners, about one thousand five hundred men, women and children, besides carrying off upwards of two thousand horses, and other property to the amount of fifty thousand dollars* The particuUrs of many of the instances of barbarity exercised upon the prisoners, of different ages, and sexes, ,.^Uhough supported by indisputable evidence, are of too shocking a nature to be presented to the public —it is sufficient here to observe that the scalping knife and toma- hawk, were the mildest instruments ofdeaih. That in some cases torture by fire, and other execrable means .were used* But the outrages which were committed upon the frontier inhabitants, were not ihe only injuries that were sustained; repeated attacks upon detachments of the troops of thcUpiied States, were at different t.mes made. The following fr6*i;4ts peculiar enormity deserves reci- tal.-In Aprt*,^?Op. Maj. Doughty (in service of the United Slates) was ordered to the friendly Chicasaws on public business. He performed this dutv in a boat, hav- ing with him a party of fifteen men. While ascending the Tennesse river, he was met by a party of forty In- dians, in four canoes, consiatinff nrin^jn.-.nsf itf isfea-^-!j, nesc and out-cast Chcrokces.— They approithk%iider — ISO — a white fldp, the well known emblem of pence; Tb^ came on board the Major's boat, recicved his presentii conrintied Mriih him nearly an hour, and then departed in the mo«t friendly manner.— >Rut, they had scarcely clear* ed his oars before they poured in a fire' upon his crewi whieh was returned as soon as circumstances would per- mit, and a most unequal combat was sustained for sever&l hours, when they abandoned their design^ brit not until ther had killed and wounded eleven out of fifteen of th^e boat's crew. All owrrures of peace failini^, arid the depredatiorts still continuing, an atifempt at coertion became indispen- sable; accordingly, on the 30th September, 1790, the President, by and with the consent arid advice of the Cong^ressof (he United States, despatched Gen. Harmksi, with 320 Federal troops and 1133 militia, under his com- mand, to shttick and destrojr their principal villages. The troops after seventeen days march from Miamif reached the great Miami village^ without anf other mo- katatiott than that of having a number of their pack horses stolen. On their arrival they found the village deserted, and^all the valuable buildings in flames, set on fire by the Indians. After a short tarry, they proceeded to the neighboring villages, without molestation, and destroyed five of them, and a large quantity of com* convputed at fifteen thousand bushels, ;irhich they found buried in different places; and very large quantities of fegitables of every kind. The first opposition that vras met with a party of about 150 Kentucky militia, and 30 regular troops, all undei^ the command ofGol. Harding, of Kentucky, were de- tached from the main body lying in the great Miami viU lage, to parsoa the trail of a party of Indians, which had the day before been diecovercdt. After a pursuit of aboul six miicsy they came up with, and weni attacked on s^ ' I" — 181— fjKbe by a body of Indian, who were concealed in tbt Uiickets on every side of a large pLin, and on the first onwl the raili.la without exchangmg a single shot, made a most precipitate retreat and left the regular tvL, to •land the whole charge of the Indians ; the conflict wa. »hort and bloody, the troops were soon overpowered hi numbers, and ^11 fell except two officers, and two or thiJ^o privates, ^fiex defending themselves at their bayoiurt pent., with the greatest possible obstinacy. lj,^„ HARTSHOHNwasone of the officers who providenX escaped, and hi. escape appeared to depend more on I lucky circumstance of faltering over a log in his retreat And by that means screening himself from the eye of hi.' pursuers, than from any other circumstance/ Cam. ^ Abmstroh« Who comn,anded the party, likewise Ce his escape, by plunging himself i^o a pond pr swam^^^ to his neck, wjthm two hundred yards of the firld of ac lion, where he remained the whole night a spectator to the hornd scene of the war dance performed over the dead and wounded bodies pf ti,e poor .oldier. that M fallen the preceding day , where their shrieks mixeJ ..th^^^^^^^^^^ After this, some few skirmishes succeded, bu^noth- ing materia^, until the second capital action, Uich hap. pened t»vo days after the army left the Miami villawl! at ten miles distance from the town, the General Kder. «d a halt, and detached from four to five hundred mili. tia, and about sixty regular soldiers, under the command of Major Wyllys and Colonel Hahding, who were or! dered to march back to the town. On their first entrance there appeared a sn^all body of Indians, who iipmediate, iy fled at the first onset, and by that means decoyed the whole body of the militia, by makmg their flight in Hif. *Frcwt oireciioDs, pnd encouraging the militia to pursues # I («» — IS3— by this stratigem the few regular troops were left alonoy and the Indians had effected their design, for the moment they found the small handful of regular troops detached from the main body of the militia, they commenced the attack with their whole force, excepting the flying par- ties that had divided the militia ; and although they soon found some part of the militia returning on their backs, pursued their object of routing and destroying the troops, as the only sure plan of success ; Which after li most bloody conflict on each side, they effected. Nothing could exceed the intrepidity of the savages on this occasion j the militia they appeared to despise, and ijrith r/11 the undauntedness conceivable, threw down theii* guns, and rushed upon 'he bayonets of the regular sol- diers ; a number of them fell, but being so far superior m numbers, the regulars were soon overpowered, for while the poor soldier had his bayonet in one Indian, two more would sink their tomahawks in his head. The de- feat of i he troops was cotnplete, the dead and wounded Were left on the field of action, in possession of the savagest The following is a copy of the official return of the kil^ led and wounded in the expedition j— Killed oj the Federal Troops, 1 Major, 1, Lieutenant, 73 rank and file— total Tj. ^ . "Wounded— 3 rank and file. Killed of the Militia* 1 Major, 3 Captains, 2 Lieutenants, 4 Ensigns, 98 rank and file— total 108 Wounded— 2 Lieutenants, 1 Ensign, 25 rank and file — total— 28. The regular troops all to nine, including two commis« sioned officers, were killed— among the slain was Major Wtllvs, and a number of brave and valuable .soldiers. 'ft' .J r>.__ -_.^_ ^^..,>. ^:,i •>«<.»• 1. 1 «>i> :u, iStJiti 3Uii;c i.auBC) uiu siu-. tn::::^ it prudent to pursue their succeisses from the field of a(> — 133— fron, M most of the tfdop» that were not killed or ba^Ir m^ K !rf' *'»*'''^ ""P«» ^hich, they could not bate cBccled had the enemy pursued with their usual fury. CHAP. IX, EXPEDITIONS OF GENERALS SCfOTT ANI> WILKINSON, IX MAr AVD AuGUSff 1/91, Gbk. SCOTT TO THE SECRETARY or WAR. « IN prosecution of the enterprise, I marched (with 850 troops under my command) four miles from the banks of the Ohio on the 23d May, and on the 24tb 1 resumed my march, and pushed forward with the ut- most industry, directing my rout to Ouiattannan, in the best manner my guides and information enabled me though I found myself greatly deficient in both. »* By the 31st, I had marched one hundred and thirty- five miles, over a country cut by four large branches of White River, and many smaller streams with steep mud. dy banks : During this march, I traversed a country al- ternately interspersed with the most luxurious soil, and deep clayey bogs from one to five miles wide, rendered almost impervious by brush and briars. Rain fell in tor- rents every day, with frequent blasts of wind and thunder storms. These obstacles impeded my progress, wttre down my horses, and destroyed my provisions, " On the morning of the 1st in»t«ww «8 the army enter- cd an exteniiive praire, I perceived an Man on horse- back a few miles to the right; I immediately made adfi- - »,. i —134-^ tiKrhment to intercept him) but he escaped; Finding myself discovered, I determined to advance with all the rapidity my circumstiHittea would permit, rather with the hope than the expectation of reaching the object sought that day ; for my guides were strangers to the country whicht I occupied. At 1 o'clock, having marclied by computation one hundred and fifty-five miles from the Ohio, as I penetrated a grove which bordered on an ex- tensive praire, I discovered two small villages to my left, at two and four miles distance* *< My guides now recognised the ground and informed me that the main town was four or five miles in frontt behind a point of wood which jutted into the praire. I immediately detached Col. John Hardin, with 60 moun- ted infantry, and a troop of light horse under Captain !M*CoT, to attack the villages to the left, and moved* on briskly with my main body in order of battle toward the town, the smoke of which was discernable. My guides were deceived with respect to the situation of the town ; for instead of standing at the edge of the plain through which I marched, I found in the low ground bordering on the Wabash, on turning the point of woods, one house presented in my front, Capt. Price was ordered to as- sault that with forty men. He executed the command with great gallantry, and killed two warriors. «• When I gained the summit of the eminence which ovei looks the villages on the banks of the Wabash, I dis- covered the enemy in great confusion, endeavoring to make their escape over the river in canoes. I instantly ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant Wilkinsow to rush forward with the first battalion ; the order was exe- cuted with promptitude, and this detachment gained the bank of the river just as the reat\pf the enemy had em- barked : And recrardless of a brisk fire ksDt UD from a Ku;kapoo town on the oppotite bank) they in a few miOr ''/ —135— me., bj a wtll direeled fir. from .h.h- r!fl.„ dclroyed rf .he «vag« wh which five canoe, were crowded The enemy still kept possession of the ir:,t town. I determined to dislodge them, and L^"^ Jose ordered captain-. K.»o-, Ld Locsw, el '"" to march down the ri,er below the town and"" ■'" .*e conduct of Major B.n.B. : Se"eJ, Z""'"' .w.m the river, and other, passed in . Zm '.".^^""^ This movement was unobserved an„- .„. "■'' Mnoe.— .- post on the bank before .he;:2;:ic„verrbv ^h '""" my who immediately abandoned the vZ Ab nt 'Z. ..me word was brought me that Col. H^a^,, ^,t * bered with prisoners, and bad discoveredT.trr''T>' lag. <»rthir to my left, than .h„,e I hid ob e'^dThfcf he wa. proceeding to attack. I imraedi. ejj ^' . . Cap.. Beowk with his company to .7,^ . !'^ ""'«' but the distance being si 3.'^ .'tn?'""' riv«l .he business was done, and Co «*««„;' ", "• ..... before sun,.., baving .i„ed si, warr"r /nr. k^ fifty-two pr,«,Bers. Captain Bull, the warrior wklS' covered me in the morning had gLj Z'ZIZ': and g,».n th. alarm a short time before me • bu "h! "^ lag., to the left were uninformed of my annro^A t had no retreat. The next morning 1 "cterSt h"* .ach my Lieut. Col. Commandant w^th fi Cd 'd J^ to destroy .he important .own of K..hlipec.n„„l .. .b"' momh of .h. E.1 river, .igh.e.n mile, from ly ^ '/ and on .he west side of Wabash; Bu. on examinatir ^ discovered my men and horse, to b. crippled and wL down by a long laborious march, and th. active ex.rS «r he preceding day ; .ha. .hree hundred and sL,y ' " .-ly could be found in capacity to undertake Z'^^ pr..e and .h.y prepared to march on foot. ^ W after five in the evening, aoa returned to my tmi^ iw -Mi ^136— the next day «t one o'clock, haying: marched thitty-slit miles in twelve hoursi and destroyed the mo&t important settlement of the enemy in that quarter of the federat lerritory. «• The following is Col. Wilkinsos's report respect* ' ing the enterprise : — * ' ^ tt Sir— The detachment under my command, destined io attack the village Kethlipecanunk, was put in motion at half after five o'clock last evening. Knowing that an enemy whose chief dependence is in his dexterity as a * marksman, «nd alertness in covering himself behind trees, stumps, and other impediments to fair sight, would not hazard an action in the night, I determined to posh my march until I approached the vicinity of the villages where I knew the country to be champaign.^ I gained my point without a halt, twenty minutes before II o'clock ; lay upon my arms until 4 o'clock, and half an hour after assaulted the town at all quarters. The enemy was vigilant, gave way on my approach, and in canoes crossed Eel creek, which washed the northeast part of the town. — That creek was not fordable. My corps dashed forward with the impetuosity becoming volunteers, and were saluted by the enemy with a brisk fire from the opposite side of the creek. Dauntless they rushed on to the water's edge, and finding the river im- passible, retnrned a volley, which so galled and diacon- certed iheir antagonists, that they threw away their fire without eflect. In five minutes the Indians were driven from their covering, and fled with precipitation. I have three men slightly wounded. At half past five the town was in flames, and at six o'clock I commenced my re- treat. . «« I am>Sir, }(curs, &c. « JAMES WILKINSON. — 137— _ Many of the inhabitants of Klthlipecanimk were Irench, and lived in a state of civilization j-misunder- standing the object of a white flag, which appeared on an eminence opposite to me in the afternoon of the first, I hberated an aged squaw, and sent with her a message to the savages, that if they would come in and surrender, Ihe.r towns should be spared, and they should receieve good treatment. [It was afterwards found that this white flag was not intended as a signal of parley, but was placed there to mark the spot where a person of distinction among the Indians, who had died some time before, was interred.] On the 4th, I determined to descharge 16 of the weakest and most infirm of my prisoners with a talk to the Wabash tribes, a copy of which follows. My mo- tives to this measure were, to rid the army of a hetvy in- cumbrance, to gratify the impulses of humanity, to in- crease the panick my operations had produced, and by distracting the council of the enemy, to favor the views of government. «'On the same day, after having burned the towns and adjacent villages, and destroyed the growing corn and pulae, I began my march for the rapids of Ohio, where I arrived the 14th, without the loss of a single*, man by the enemy, and five only wounded, havmg killed thirty.lwo, chiefly warriors of size and figure, and taken fifty- eight prisoners.'* To the various tribe, of the Peankashaws, andallthe nations cj Red People^ living on the waters of the Wabash River. " THE Sovereign Council of the Thirteen United States, have long patiently borne your i^predations a- gamsl their settlemems on this side bf thi great moun- tains, in hope that you would sec your error, and cor- rect it^ by entering into bonds of amityand lasting neace. irloved by corapasiion, and pityifrg your misguided coun. Cil8,Hhey have not unfrequcntly addressed you on this sub- I — 138 — jecty but without cflfect. At length their patience ii ex- hausted, and they have strcched forth the arnn of power against you. Their mighty sons and chief warriors have at length taken up the hatchet, they have penetrated far into your country, to meet your warriors, and punish them for their transgressions. But you fled before them and decline the battle, leaving your wives and children to their mercy*^ They have destroyed your old town, OuiattanaU} and the neighboring villages, and have taken many pri- soners. Resting here two days, to give you time to col- lect your strength, they have proceeded tQ your town of Kethlipecanunk; but you again fled before them; and that great town has been destroyed. After giving yon- this evidence of their power, they havs stopped their hands, because they are as merciful as strong, and the)r again indulge the hope, that you will come to a sense of your true interest, and determine to make a lasting peace with them and all their children forever. The United States have no desire to destroy the red people, ak though they have the power to do it y but should you de« cline this invitation, and pursue your unprovoked hostili- ties, their strength will again be exerted against you, your warriors will be slaughtered, your wives and children carried into captivity, and you may be assured, that those who escape the fury of our mighty chiefs, shall find no resting place on this side the Great Lakes. The war- riors of the United States wish not to distress or destroy women and children, or old men, and although policy ob- liges them to retain some iii captivity, yet compassion and humanity have induced them to set others at liberty, ivho will deliver you this talk. Those who are carried t>iF will be left in the care of our great chief and warrior Gen. St. Clair, near the mouth of the Miami and op- posite to the Licking Riveri where they will be treated plih liumaDity and tenderness ; if you wish to recoTQT t — 139— Aera, repair to that place by the first day of July next : determine with true hearts to bury the hatchet and smoke the pipe of peacci they will then be restored to you, and you may again set down in security at yotir old townsi and live in peace and happiness, unmolested by the peo- ple ot the United States, who will become your friends and protectors, and will be ready to furnish you with all Ihe necessaries you may require. But should you fooU ishly persist in your warfare, the sons of war will be let loose against you, and the hatchet vrill never be buried until your country is desolated> and your peopjlie humbled to the dust.*' (Signed) CHARLES SCOTT, Bri^, Gen, GENERAL WILKINSON'S EXPEDITION. QENERAL WILKINSON to GOVERNOR ST, CLAIR, " S IBf HAVING carried into complete effect the cnler- prize which you were pleased to direct against L'An- fuille, and having done the savages every other damage on the Wabash, to which I conceived my torce adequaici I embrace the first moment's recess from active duty to detail to your Excellency the operations of the expedi- tion intrusted to my conduct. I left the neighborhood of Fort- Washington on the first inst. at one o'clock, and agreeable to my original plan, feinted boldly at the Miami villages, by the most direct course the nature of the ground, over which X bad to march, would permit ; I persevered in this pfan until the morning of the 4th insu and thereby «ivoide(l the hnntinof n>miinrl r\F tU.. ^~..«.« i ^U- . (U^k ».u:>.l. — o i>« ^-'■"•■(^s VI -.isv. i.ijcu;jr, auu tisc pa'.us w:«vss kd ^rcct from WUite River to the p^abash, leaving thf — 140— head waters of the first to my left ; I then being about seventy miles advanctd of Fort Washington, turned north-west. I made no discovery uniil the 5th, about 9 o'clock, A. M. when I crossed three much frequented paths within two miles of each other, and all bearing east of north ; my guides were urgent for me to follow these pa"th5, which betrayed their ignorance of the coun* try, and convinced me I had to depend on my own judg- ment only. In the afternoon of that day, I was obliged to cross a deep bog, which injured several of my horses exceedingly, and a few miles beyond I struck a path bearing north by west, marked by the recent footsteps of five or six savages. My guides renewed their applica» lion to me to follow this path, but I pursued my own course. I had not got clear of my encampment, next morning, before my advance reported an impassable bog, in my front, extending several miles on either hand, and the guides asserted that the whole country to the Wsu bash was cut by such bogs, and that it would be impos- fiible lor me to proceed unless I followed the Indian paths, which avoided these bogs, or led through them at places where they were least difficult. Although I paid little regard to this information, as delay was dangerous, and ^very thing depended on the preservation of my horses, I determined to return to the right, and fall into the path I had passed the evening before, which varied in its course from Nby,^V. to N. E. The country had now become pondy, in every direction, I therefore resolved lo pmsue this path until noon, in the hope that it woufd conduct mc to belter ground, or to some devious trace which might lead to the object sought. At 7 o'clock I crossed an east branch of ualumut riv- er, about 40 yards wide, and about noon mjlJNdvance guard fired on a Sfnall party of warriors and took a pris. 9UCI', ih'j rest run of to the eastward. J halted about ft t,X, mile beyond thf spot where this aflfair happened, and on examining the prisoner found him to be a Delaware, U» ing near the scite of the late Miami village, which ik informed was about thirty miles distant j I immediately retrogaded four miles, and filed off by the right orer •ome rising ground, which I had observed between the east branch of ihe Calumut river and a creek four or five miles advance of it, taking my course N. 60 W. Thi« measure fortunately extricated me from the bogn and ponds, and soon placed me on a firm ground ; late in the Bftcrnoon I crossed one path running from N. to S. and Bhortly after fell in with another varying from N. VV. tu N. I pursued this about two miles, when I encamped— but finding it still inclining northward, I determined to abandon it in the morning. I resumed my march on the 6th at 4 o'clock, the Calumut being to the westward of me I was fearful I should strike the Wabash too high up, and perhaps fall in with the small town, which you meirtioned to me at the mouth ot the former river. I the -efore steered a due west course, and at 6 o'clock A. M. crossed a road much used both by horse and foot* bearing due north; I now knew that I was near a ShaW- anese village, generally supposed to be on the waters df White river, but actually on the waters of the Calumut, and was sensible that every thing depended on the ce- lerity and silence of my movements, as my real object had become manifest, I therefore pushed my march vig-' orously, leaving an officer and 20 men in ambush iq watch the road, in order to intercept or beat off any par- ty of the enemy which might casually be passing that .way, and thereby prevent as long as possible the discov- cry of my real intentions. At 8 o'clock I crossed Calumut river, now S^t yards wide, and rimnino- #lni>»> m xt ««r » r. .. . ' o 'i'-T.:i i-!j A-v. VV. 1 was ROW bensioic Irom my reckoning wmpared with my own observations, .»■ — U2^ during the late expedition under Gen. Scott, and tht information received from your Excellency and others, that I could not be very far from L'Anguille. The par. ty left at the road, soon fell in with four warriors en- camped half a mile from the right of my line of march, killed one and drove off the others to the northward. My situation had now become extremely critical, the whole country to the north being in alarm, which made ine. greatly anxious to continue my march during the night, but 1 had no path to direct me, and i* was impos- sible for me to keep my course, or for horsemen to march through a thick swampy country in utter darkness. I quitted my camp on the 7th, as soon as I could see my* way, crossed one path at three miles distance, bearing N. E. and at seven miles fell into another very much used, bearing N. W. by N. which I at once adopted, as the direct route of my object, and pushed forward with the utmost despatch. I halted at 12 o'clock to refresh the horses, and examine the men's arms and ammuni- tion ; marched again at half after one, and at 15 min- utes before five I struck the Wabash, at one and an half leagues above the mouth of Eel river, being the very "jpot for which I had aimed from the commence- ment of my march. I crossed the river and following the path at N. by E. course, at the distance of two and »n half miles, my reconnoitreing party announced Eel river in front, and the town on the opposite bank. I dit>mounted, ran forward, and examined the situation of the town as far as was practicable without exposing my- self, but the whole face of the country from the Wabash to the margin of Eel river, being a continued thicket of brambles, black jacks, weeds and shrubs, of various jkinds, it was impossible for me to get a satisfactory view without endangering a discovery. I immediately deter- pjined to post two companies near the bank of the river — 143— opposite to Ihc town, and above the ground I then occ* pied to niftke a detour with Major Caldwell, and the second battalion, until I fell into the Miami trace, and by that route to cross the river above, and gain the rear of the tou 1, and to leave directions with Maj. M'Dowell, who commanded the first battalion, to lie perdue until I commenced the attack, then to dash through the river with his corps and the advanced guard, and as&ault th« houses in front and upon the left. In the moment I was about to put this arrangement in- to execution, word was brought me that the enemy had taken the alarm and were flying— I instantly ordered a general charge, which was obeyed with alacrity, the men forcing their way ^.ver every obstacle, plunged through the river with vast intrepidity— The enemy was unable to make the smallest resistance — Six warriors and (in the hurry and confusion of the charge) two squaws and a child were kllled-thiriyfour prisoners were taken, and an unfortunate captive released— with the loss of tw« men killed, and. one wounded— I found this town scatter- ed along Eel river for full three miles, on an uneven shrubby oak barren, intersected alternately by bogs al- most impassable, and impervious thickets of plumb and hazle.— Notwithstanding these difficulties, if I may credit the report of the prisoners, very few who were in town escaped ; expecting a second expedition, their goods wer^ generally packed up or buried— Sixty warriors had cros^ sed the Wabash to watch the paths leading from the Ohio ; the head chief wilh all the prisoners and a num- ber of families were out, digging a root, which they sub- stitute in the place of the potatoe, and about one hour before my arrival, all the warriors, except eight, had mounted their horses and rode up tha river to a French •tore to Durchaxt* amfMnn!«;n« _ ti.:- -.«. !.r _ • . 5 - -„.,..,,,,..._,.., ansa aiiiiiiiiunHiti Wiii arrived from the Miami village that fcr^^, and tbo '«!,, * — 144^ hr squaws informed me was stored about two miles frorti town. I detached Major Calbwsll in quest of it, but he failtd to make any discovery, although he scoured th« country for seven or eight miles up the river. I encamp- ed in the town that night, and the next morning I cut up Ihe corn scarcely in the milk, burnt the cabins, mounted my young warriors, squaws and chidren in the best man- ner in my power, and leaving two infirm squaws and a child with a short talk (which will be found annexed) I commenced my march for the Kickapoo town in the praire.— -I felt my prisoners a vast incumbrance, but I was not in force to justify a detachment, having barely 523 rank and file, and bting then in the bosom of the Ouiattanou country, one hundred and eighty miles re- moved from succour, and not more than one and a half clays forced march from the Pattawamees, Shawanese and Delawares; Not being able to discover any path in the direct course to the Kickapoo town, I marched by the road leading to Tippecanoe, in the hope of finding some diverging trace which might favor ray design— I encamped that even- ing about six miles from Kenapacomaque, the Indian name for the town I had destroyed, and marched next morning at four o'clock.— My course continued west till about nine o'tslock, when I turned to the north west oh a jMViiil hunting path, and at a short distance I launched Into the boundless praries of the west, with the inten- tion to pursue that course, until I bhould strike a road which leads- from the Pattawamees of Lake Michigan, immediately to the town I sought. With this view I pushed forward, through bog after bog, to the saddle skirts in mud and water, and after persevering for eight hours, I found myself environed oh ail sides with mo- rasscs which forbade my advancing, and a^ the same ;5lmc rendeicc difficult for me to extricate ^my little' ar* T p' W' - fey. Thewiy br which we h.d tntered w» » mgeii be., .nd .oftened bj- ,he hor.e., ih.t it w.. ,lmo., im- po..,ble .0 return by ,h., route, .nd my guide, pronoun, ted the n.or«, ,n front imp.„.bIe._A ch.in of thin grore. extending in the direction to the W.b.,h. « .hi. time pre.en..d .o my left, i. w., neceu.ry I .hould g.in forw.rd, .nd leading my hor.e .hrough a bog to .be .rm- pit. .n inud .nd w.ter, with difficulty .nd f.tigne I .c comphshed my object, .nd changed my cour« to S. by W. I reg.ined the Tippec.noe ro.d .. 5 o'clock, «,d «nc.n,ped on it., 7 o'clock, .ftef .m.rch of thirty mile., which broke down leTeral of my horses. I .m the more minute in dc.iling the occurrence, of thi. d.y tecuse they produced the most unf.,or.6to effect; I «.. m motion ...fouf neit morning, ,n.l ,t lh^A° ^ r'^"""'' 6»«rd made some dLoverie,, rhich mduced me .o believe we „«„ ,„, .„ I„di.„ ,1,.' , iTf n ""™f '«'' yP"'""! ■-' body forward in . trot, .nd followed whh M.jor C,tnw.„, .nd the Snd b.^ t.hon, leaving M.jor M'Dow.w to t.ke ihar.. of (h6 P ..oner,. lre.ched T.ppecnoe « .2 o'ch^k, whch t.on. „d abandoned the place that morning. After ,e dcrucon of .hi. town in J„„e ,..,, .h, J^ ^^ ^^ 1. Anguille. Torefre.h my horses and give time to cut W^d'tb"'"' ' '""•"'"«' '" "'" ■""" "■« ""« »« n- ng, .nd then resume my niarch ,„ .he Kickapoo towi, ^.o.h.71'ce'f r """' ■"'"«'"' 0^'«'«- on ,0 that place. In .he course of the day I had dl«l. "er^hichTf^T"™^' •"" "■•— ' —ng ti: "len, which I found on ennnir^ *^ -__j n _ . . WlucUDce to a^v«,ce ,n,o the enemy'..«»,try ; thi. li ''■■\ m -^1^— ' iiidiited tne ttt cAtt l&i^ a litate of the h6t%it9 bttx! pro'vi. aions, whentohiy great mortification S70 horsea werr returned lame and tiled) with barely five dajr^ provision for the men. Under these circinnstances I was compelled td aban«^ don my detigns upon the Kickapoos of the prairie, and' Vfiih a degree of anguish not to be comprehended but' by those who have experienced similar disappointments $* I marched forward to a town of ihe same nation, situate about three leagues west of Ouitiaiion->a8 1 advanced to the town, the enemy made some shew of fighting tne^ but vanished at my approach. I destroyed thit^ town, consisting of thirty houses, with a 'considerable qtiantity of corn in the miik, and the same day I mov- ed on ID Ouiattanon, where I forded the Wabash, and ph>ceeded to the &ite of the villages on the margin of the prairie where I encamped ai s«:ven o*^clbck. At thi« town and the village destroyed by Gen. Scott in June^ we found the corn had been re-planted, and was now ir^ high cultivation, several fields beifig well ploughed, ^If irhich we destroyed. Oh the 121b, I resumed my marchy and falling into Gen. Scott's return trace, I arrived withoat material accident at the rapids oi the Ohio, oiv the 3 1st inst. after a march, by accurate, computation, ol |51 miles fipom Fort Washington. ^ The services which I have been able to render fait sikortofmy wiiihes, my intention and Expectation— but* Siri when you reflect on the causes which checked mr career, and blasted my designs, I flatter myself f^u #lf i>erteve every thing has been doue which could be donetht toy circumstances ; I have destroyed the chief town of the Ouiattanon nation, and made prisoners the sons and sitters of the king ; I have burnt a respectable Kickapoo fliMgCf SiiCL Cut down iit iCSat 4au acres Oi COfTi, Qinsyj kk the miilb The Ouiattanons left Ivithovt borsesj wlil -ur— .or pravisioni imi&t (tase to war, and will Bnd active ^mplqy to subsist their i^uaws and children during the impending winter. Should these services secure to the country which I immediately represented, and the corps which I had the iionor to command, the favorable consideration of govern- ment* I shall infer the approbation of my own conduct, fvbich, added to a consciousness of having done my duty, will constitute the richest reward I can eiyoy. With the most perfect respect, I have the honor to be jrour Excellency's obedient and most humble iwrvant. JAMES WIX^KINSON. Gov* St. Clair* 4 Talk from Col, Wn^KissoSi to the Indian Natipt$imng § on the river Wabaeh, « THE arms of the United States are again ex- f||»d against you, and again your towns are in flametp ^nd your wives and children made captives-^again yoa Hre cautioned to listen to the voice of reason, to sue for |)eace, and subniJi to the protection of the United States* ivho are willing to become your friends and fathers ; bnt, %i the same time, are determined (o punish you for every injury you may offer to their children. Regard not those evil coi^ncellors, who, to becure to themselves lh« benefits of your trade, advise you to measures which in- volve you, your women and childijn, in trouble and dis- tress. The United States wish to give you peace ; bje- cause it is good in the eyes of the Great Spirit, that a}l his children should unite and live like brothers *^ii^t, if jrou fooliithly prefer war, their warriors are ready t^t^iMt Vnil in Kuttlf. anri will nn» K« .1.^ C~-«. »_ I .1— .^J^ ^i.V . J^tqlieu You may find ygur s^uawi ^nd you^ childxcjfe''l'? ;.♦* # Mnder the protection of our great chief and warrior General St. Clair, at Fort Washington ; to him yow will make all applications, for an exchange of prisoners^ • or for peace. JAMES WILKINSON?" CHAP. X. defi:at of general st. clair, ^r ^BB INDIANS, 1791. Gbn. St. CLAIR to the SECRETARY or WAR, " Fort Washinstott, Nov: 9, 1791. « YESTERDAY afternoon !the remains of the army under my command got back to this place, and I have now the painful task to give an account of a warm, and as unfortunate an action as almost any that has beeo fought} in which every corps was engaged and worsted, except the first regiment, that had been detached upon a service I had the honor to inform you of in my last des- patch) and had not joined me. On the 3d inst. the army had reached a creek about , twelve yards wide running to the southward of west, which I believe to have been the river St. Mary, that empties into the Miami of the lake, arrived at the village about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, having marched near 9 iniles, and were immediately encamped upon a very com-' inanding piece of ground in two lines, having the abo^e mentioned creek in front, the right wing composed of BuTiKR's,CLARKE's, and Patterson's battalions, com- manded by Maior. General Butl'r- formed the first fin** |pd the left wing consisting of Bxoinger's and GAXf |., •».i '*-•.,».,'>; Iflf Tai»»s battalions, ftnd the second regiment commanded by Gol. Drake, formed the second line, with an interval between them of about seventy yards, which was all the ground would allow. The right flank was pretty well secured by the creek a •teep bank, and Faulkkner's corps, some of the cavahy and their piquets covered the left flank ; the militia were thrown over the creek and advanced about one quarter of a mile, and encamped in the same order ; there were a few Indians who appeared on the opposite side of the creek, but, fled with the utmost precipitation on the ad- ▼ancc of the militia ; at this place, which I judged to be about 15 mile ^ a the Miami village, I had determined to throw up L s.,i,at work, the plan of which was con- certed that evening with Maj. Fercusok, wherein to ^lave deposited the men's knapsacks, and everything else that was not of absolute necessity, and to have moved oil to attack the enemy as soon as the first regiment was come up, but they did not permit me to execute eithei^^ for OR the 4th, about half an hour before sun-rise, and wbcn the men had been just dismissed from the parade, (for it was a constant practice for to have ihem all under arms a considerable time before light,) an attack wife* made upon the militia; those gave way in a very f^^ tin^e, and rushed into camp, through Maj. Butlrr»s bat. talion, which, together with part of Clark's they threw into considerable disorder, and which notwithstanding the exertions of both these officers, was never altogether remedied, the Indians followed close at their heels; the fire however of the front line checked them, but almost instantaneously a very heavy attack began upoiic that line, and m a few minutes it was extended to the Sifel like* wise ; the great weight of it was directed ^nsVOib cciiife of each, where the artillery was plac6#wid ttotm f hich the rneti were repeatedly driven with ^at ■■'V... — I50-- ttr ; finding no great eflect from the fire, ftn4 oonfuVioi) beginning to :)pread from ihe great number of men wh^ were fallen in all quarters, it became necessary to trjf what could be done by the bayonet. Lieut. Col. Dabkk, was accordingly ordered to nuike a charge, with a part of the second line, and to turn the left flank of the enemy. This was executed with great bpirit. The Indians '.Piitantly gave way, and were driven back three or four hundred yards : but for want of a 8uf> ficient number of riflemen to pursue this advantage, they foon returned and the troops were obliged to give back in their turn. At this moment they had entered our camp by the left flank, having pursued back the troops tha|: Were posted there. Another charge was made here by the second reglf ment,' BufimSV and Clabk's battalions, with equal effect, and it was repeated several times, and always with •uccess— 4}ut in all of them many men were lost, and particularly the ofificers, which, with some raw troopst was a loss iKftogether irremediable. In that I just spoke of niBide by the second regiment and Butler's battalioi), Ma}, Butler wus dangerously wounded, and every of&« cer of the second regiment fell except three, one of \^hich, Capt. Greatom, was shot throtigh the body. Our artillery being now silenced, and all the officers killed, except Capt. Ford, who was badly wounded, more than half of the army fallen, being cut off from the road, it became necessary to attempt the regaining it, and to make a retreat if possible. To this purpose the remains ofthe army was formed as well as circumstances would admit, towards the right of the encampment ; from which, by the way ofthe second line, another charge was made upon the enemy, as if with the design to turn their right flank— >but in fact to cflin the road*! thU was effect- c4 I and im soon as it wa:t open, the militia took along i$§ —151— Allowed by tb(i troopa-*Major Clahk with hit ballalioit' eDvtring the rear. The retreat in those circumstances, was, you rtay be sure a precipitate one— it was in fact a flight. The camp and the artillery were abandonedi but that was unavoida- ble, for not a horse was left alive to have drawn it off ha further to be done; and (twas- •unanimous opinion, that the addition of the first regi- lA'ent unbroken as it was, did not put the army on so re- spectable a footing as it was in the morning, because.A^ great part of it was now unarmeJIthat it had been found unequal to the enemy, and should t||ey come oni> which was probable, would be found so jigain ; that the troo^ could not be thrown into the fort, both because ir wae too small, and that there was no provision in itw ' That provisions were knows to be upon the road at tHe ^tetan^e of ene or at most two marches; that there** s'v: ^ fdreWWrtd be proper to move without loss of time td meet the provisions, when the men might have the soon- er an opportunity of some refreshment, and that a prop- er detachment might be sent back with it, to have It safelf deposited in the fort. This advice vias accepted, and the t^Hny was put in motion again at ten o'clock, and marched air night, and the succeeding day met with a quantity of flour, part of it was distributed immediately, part taken back to sup- ply the army on the march to I- ori-Hamilton, and the remainder, about fifty horse loads sent forward to Fort Jeflerson* • I have said Sir, in the former part of my comraunica- ton, that we were overpowered by numbers; of that however, I have no other evidence, but the weight of the fire wllKJh was always a roost deadly one and generally delivered from the ground, few of the enemy shewing themselves on fool, except when they were charged and tjjat in a few minutes our whole camp which exfended n- bftve 350 yards in length, was entirely su^ounded and attacked on all quarters. Theloss, Sir, the public: has sustained by the fall of ^^mm^dm^^Sj particularly General Bt/TLKH, andiHa- Jor FERj|umppJ cannot be too much regretted; but it {« •-" ^i'H^^'i"" '^'* ''"' ^"'*'*^^ '*»« misfortune in some t^eisy«f tlkf^ay of themfell most gallantly doing ifi|r 6lty. I have ^^^hm0%b., Sir^ your most obedieni ""LT' c # ^^UTtiBft ST. CLAIR.- ** Hon. Seeretm o/J0.» J^/fi^^''' ^'- ^^^'" ^^okVlace ;il. .J. mites of the^Miamr village. The lo« an .hi* -c-sib^ ^WM about^ hun^d killed and wquilded (said to bp p«rry eq^ to BRADDocK's^cRlli with seven pieces «| «*,.•?,. "*,■. Mi: il . — 154— aililleryt and all the stores. Gen. St. Clair had about 1200 men, had reason to expect an attack and kept his men under arms all night, drawn up in a square. The attack commenced about dawn of davi on all the lineSr , but principally on the rear lines, which was composed of the militia. The Indians gave one fire and rushed on tomahawk in hand. The militia^ g^ave way to the centre ; and before the artillery could be brought into action, the matroases were all killed and it fell into the hands of the enemy. * r^t It was retaken but was useless for want of men t» manage the pieces; The action was continued obstinate- ly until 9 o'clock, when the troops gave way. St. Ci-air rallied his men, and brought them off in tolerable order^ with most of the wounded to Fort JefTerson, .30 miles in the rear of the action. The enemy pursued five miles,. Thefollowins h a copy of a return of the officers killed and wounded in the engagement :-^' . • KiLLE]}.— 1 Majov-Generaly 1 Lieut. Colonel, 4 Ma- jors, 1 1 Captains, 10 Lieutenants, 9 Ensigns, 1 Surge- on.— Total 37.. ;£^ WouKSKo.— 3 Lieut. Q|pii$rs, 1 Major, 1 1 Captains^ i-Lieutenants, 6 Ensigns, ^p^on.-p|otal 27j Besides the above, there was Mout sirO priv|ps and ipny more wounded— ^|pflj|^s t>f distinction caped except Gen. St. ClM, w|l^d many narrow escapes, eight balls Pm4|^ .P^ph ^H clothes. The attack was conducted with aatoniPw inwspidity on the part of the Indians^in a £bw «bibment%be Generarti tent was surrounded : however, he wasmescued by a party of regular soldiery who repealed tw enemy with ■fivcwl havnne^a. There waft » nartvi of tl Chickasaw ;i|ition on their mvt ^J^ GeirliBT. Ci«p> but M ■*r#'" ^%' 1^ •^155^ not wrfve In seaion— there wa« but one fellow only of rings to each ear; the u|ypi^ piarT formed of three silver medals abodtyis 'ar ; theJowcr part wat formed of quart^ more, thi^l'" ^i\m from his timi '^' '«■; ^156^ II. I?- one from etch ear over his breast-*-the other ever hit back i he had three very large nobe jewels of silver that were curiously painted* The party of friendly Chickast^s, wha were on their way to join the American troops arrived at Fort JefTer^ son twQIpkrjrs after the bloody action.— They were com- manded.liyHnoMiKco, or the Mountain Leader.— On their way they discovered that the troops had been de- feated} but saw but one of the pnemy, who, mistaking FioMiNoo's'party for some of his own comradesi made up to them-; he perceived his mistake, but too late to. retreal ; he was accosted by Piomikqo, with *< Iiusenone of my young men shall disgrace themselvl*is, &&.*< 1^ DEFEAT OF HAJOR M'MAHON. Oh il,e 29th of July, 1794, Maj. M«MAao»r nMir^^ ffilh 80 rificmen, under the command of Capt. HAitTi ^15S-= *»», iiotK, and 50 dngooni under the comound of Capt. Tatlor, for Fort Recovery, as an escort to 300 pack- hor s loaded with flour ior that garrison i on the morn, ing following after they had deposited their loading, and were preparing to set out on their return, they were at- tacked by an army of 1200 Indians ; Capt. Hartshorw, who had advanced with the riflemen about a quarter of i mile into the woods, immediately took post on a very strong comniandiag piece of ground near the garrjson, •nd with unparalleled bravery, maintained the une jal lighuUlI Maj. M'Mahon, who had put himself at the head^the cavalry, was killed, a& was Capt. Tatlor, and Cornel Terry, and many of the men wounded. The enemy now put their force against Capt. Hartshorn, and in the moment when they were pushing to cut off his communication with the garrison, Lieut. Darke, and Ensign Don, sallied out, at the head of 20 brave fellowS} who turned out voluntarily on the occasion, and joined him, after beating the enemy back at the point of the bayonet; at this instant the brave Capt. II^artsrorn re- .llpeived & shot which broke his thigh. Lieut. Craig was killed, and Lieut. Marks taken prisoner. Lieut. Drake now ordered a retreat, and in endeavoring to hold the en- emy in check, so as to give the men time to save Capt. JiAkrsHOHiT^ he received a shot in the groin; The ene- my now pressed so hard as to compel the men to leave their captain. «. Great numbers of the Indians must have been killed* as they came forward in solid columns, up to the muzzle of the guns; Lieut. Michael^ who was with Capt. HjsrsHoss, b«t whom he had detached with a few active mm to the flank of the enemy, was now missing ; and while their companions in the fort were deploring their s~.^'srs:;iiii U3SU g:T;;i> viscjii u|i us iUSl, liiCy SB» iiitii HUm Lk^. Mj$ms rushing through the ihick of the cDemy J>* — )S9— ti opposite directions, and though numbers of guns wert filed at them they got in safe. Lieut. MicuASf. lost ever*- man of his parly except three, and Lieut. Marks got off by knocking down the Indian who took him. ^ The Indians were observed to carry off great numbera of killed and wounded on pack horses— the loss of th« Americans was 35 killed, and about 40 wounded— the party commanded by Capt. HAR7su'>3}f brought in (en acalps of the enemy. CHAP. XL # DEPREDATIONS OF THe" INDIANS ON THE FRONTIERS in ir9l, 1793 and mz, ON the loih December 1791, as two men .ikI three boys were fishing on Floyd's fork of Salt Rirer they were suddenly attacked by a party of Indians^ who killed the two men and made prisoners of the boys. Soon after they liberated one of the lads, first prescntinlfc hjm with a tomahawk, which they desired him to carry ' to his friends and inform them what bad b«com« of ^ companions. About the 20th, a party of Indians attacked the b«»t$ ofaMr.CHENowETH, situated near the mouth olfctbe Wabash, they killed and scalped two of hia children and tomahawked and scalped Us wife, wliOm they left for dead-Mr. C. (who had his arm broken by .he fire of the savages) with the remainder of the family made their escape.~A sick daughter who was confined to her chamber, and who during the bloody affray had bf en for- gotton by her father, relnained ignorant of the horrid " massacre until the sncf^«<>H;na a^» . ».k^» -^ ^- „" tamily coming to her assistance, she succeeded, in cranryif S ^160— m iftg down stairs. Where she was inexpresaiblf shocked sll the sight of a beloved parent stretched upon the floors almost lifeless, and beside of whom lay the mangled^ bodiesof her dear brothers. Fortunately,, her unbapp^ father returned the succeeding day to the house, and convf teyed the two surviving members of his family to thd house of a friend, where they finally recovered; , On the 24tb» a party of Indians attacked the dwet* ling house of a Mr. JoHir Merril^ in Nelson countyy (Kenlucky.)— Mr. Merrill who was first alarmed by the barking of his dog, hastened to the door to discover the ^se, on opening of which, he received the fire of thtt Indians which broke his right leg and arm— the Indians ivow attempted to enter ihi^ house, but was prdrented by the doors being immediately closed and secured by Mrs; Merril and her daughter— the Indians succeeded in hewiag away a part of (be door, through which passagef one of them attempted to enter, but the ^roic mother, in the midst of het scresming children and groaning busw band, seized an axe and gave the ruffian a fatal blt^w ; a& |vfer which she hauled him through the passage into the house !— the others (unconscious of the fate of their ccwir* panion) supposing that they had p«r nearly succeeded in( (heir object, rushed forward, four of whom Mrs. I^RRit in like manner despatshed before the others discovered Sheir mistake,— The remaining Indians, after retiring fof a few moments, returned and renewed their efforts to enter thevhou»e — despairing of succeeding at .the dcvor they got on the top of .^e house aod attempted to descend the f^hironcy, to prevent yt\i\t\kMv, Merril directed his lit* Ik son to em^ / upon the fire the contents of a featliei^- t^evl) which had the desired effect, as the smoke and heat caused thereby, sootif brought down rather unexpectedly two ol the enemy :— Mr. MERStL exerting every faculty ,^ tins critical moment, 9«i:|p|ift UUet of iroo4 wHH '^:*'^ 'kX'. • y» ! #161— ' i^hicfi fie soon despatclied the two half smotfiered tn^i^fi9> irhile in the mean time his heroic wife was busily engag- ed in defending the door against the efforts of the only remaining one, whom she so severely wounded with an axe that he was soon glad to retire.' A prisoner who escaped from the enemy soon 'l^er the transaction, informed that the wounded savage above inentioned was the only one that escaped of the party, which consisted of eight— that on his return being asked by the prisoner " what news," he answered " b 1 news, lot poor Indian, me lo&e a son, me lose a brother^-— the squaws have taken the breach tlout and fight worse ihaii, the ♦' Long Knives V* i% # ^Opy o^ a letter from a gentleman rcsideing at the weat^ f! tAfi ,W»rd to: a friend in New- York, dated, .«^^fnv Mar iettai February \i 1792. .1 J|#ur prospects are much changed. — Instead of peace ^d friendship with our Indian neighbors, a horrid savag«[ 4M|r stares us in the face j the Indians, instead of being ^^Iphnbied by the destruction Of the Shawanese towns, and Voiightto beg for peace, appear determined on a gener-' et war, in which our Settlements we already involved*-*" On the everting of the second instant^ they fell on a "^et^* tltiment about forty miles up the Muskingdom, surprised a blqclihouse, killed fourteen persons, and carried off three othersif The persons killed are> John and ffiilip atacy,aona to Col. William Stacy, from- New Salem, Ez- ra Putnam, son to Major Ezra Puinam, from Mieldle*- town, in Massachusetts, John Camp, from the siurtjc place, Jonathan Farewell, and James Cas|% and Wittlatu Patton, from New.Hameshiret Zebulon Tbroop, firota Baace, William James, from Conne(#:ut, Joseph Clark, vlipoiA Hhode lalaad, a man bjfi||Mg|£ne of Mceka, witu y ^■ ^# 1' .» —us Hi his Wife and children, from Virginia. These \ftY6 «dl killed in and at the block^houae. Francis and Isaaa^ Choat, from Lancaster, ami one Shaw, who kept at a hut^ about 50 rods from the block house, was not found by the; party that went out, and it is hoped that they are prison- ers.— What number of Indians were concerned in this mischief, or from what tribe, we know not, but from those- Indians who till lately used to visit our settlements every^ (lay, withdrawing themselves entirely from our 8i(;ht,ever since the expedition against the i^hawanese, there is' little reason to doubt but the Dclawares and the Wiandotes, as vrell as others, have had a hand in this nefarious business.^' " It is impossible for me to give a just idea of tho distress into which this event has thrown the inhabitants, especially those of the out settlements. For my own part Lhave for some lime been of opinion, that the spring; would bi^en with a general atiack on the frontiers^ in which event t did not expect we should escape, unless govern- ment should timely send troops for our protection^ #htch we was in hopes would be the case. But it seems the tnemy are determined to take advantage of our defen|i» iciss situation. I consider this event aslhe forerunneilii other attacks of a more serious nature, and which may Involve us in complete ruin, unless prevented by govern* ment immediately taking measures for our protectiouk'-^ To their protection I conceive we always had an indispu* tabl^Uim, which claim, if possible, is increased by the circWrtSlances that have brought us under the resent* ment of the Indians, and at least, in some measure pro- duced the mischief that we are fallen into.'' Copy of A'^iter from a gentleman in Kentucky to his rrie^d in Philadelphia, dated % March ^y 1703. f< As to 1^ Indialilltliey have been troublesoiQe atf —163^ *vinter» Since October last, 60 persons tiave been kilted wiihin the limits of this district, besides a number des- troyed on the Ohio j among whom is our old acquaiii- tance, Mr. John May, late of Botclouie, whose exit de- serves notice, because he was actuated by motives of hu- manity. The affair is thus related by a captive that hat lately made his escape from the Indians, who wasaspec- Utor, and an unwilling instrument in the tragedy. Mr. Mat, in descending the Great Kaqh(*#8iand Ohio, •bout the 20th of February last, discovered on the western shore of the latter, near the mouth of Sciota, a while man, Vho, with a plain.ive voice, was calling, for God's sake, to come and rake a poor prisoner on board, that was endeavouring to escape from the savages. This ht ' "he intended effect. Mr. May ordered the boat towfirt . .3 ahore, and did not discover his mistake until the Indians rose up from their ambush, fired, sliot him dead, and wounded some others of the passengers on board, who immediately endeavored to make off ; but being told ia the English tongue, they should have good quarters, sur- rendered without resistance. The Indians, however, on boarding the bdat, massacred all, without discrimination. Two days after, the same party attempted to decoy ehree large boats ashore that were coming down from Fort Fiit, but luckily they were discqyered in lime, and our people bheered off. The enemy, being prepared, manned 0ne of their boats with about 30 warriors, and gave chase The crews of two of the boats, fearing they ml^t be overtaken, quilted them, and went on board the best sailoPj where they threw overboard all the horses, and some heavy articles, and plied all their oars to effect their es- cape. The Indians also exerted themselves ifl^h© pur- suit, keeping on a steady course for about g4ihtlea*«0N %vitstanding 24 well armed while imsn wef#?fn V^rd the American boat, wiih one of our Colonel* of llffikl^i' Thus, for want of a little resolution and sk!ll» a ftvour- able opportunity was lott, to destroy a number of the vile (enemies to the human race. The Indians, on their re- tprn, took possession of the two boats that were abandon- ed, and found in them 17 horses, 5000 dollars worth of merchandize^ and considerable properiyt beIon]i;ing to thd fmigranls, I'ort M'Intosh, on the Ohio, was a short time since attacked by a party of Indians— they secreted themselves liear the fort i^nd succeeded in killing the centinel on du- ty, they then rushed into the fort and discharged their Dieccs on those within, but one man was wounded, who, in endeavourin«: to escape, was tomahawked by an In- dian. One ball jusi grazed the temple of Capt. FoRiKs, vho commanded the guard, and four others struck the log above his head, the splinters and bits of which cut his face, and left it as if scarified. The garrison consist- ed of twenty men and there were about forty of the iBnemy. Thus, sir, tve find that Indian treaties do not secure our country from the depredations of the savages ; our last hope now is that the President of th^ United States wilt, ere long, adopt such measures as will prove the cHiciency of the Federal Government, to protect the citi- zens of the United Slates, however remotely 8ituaie4 from the ^&t of government." Copy of tj letter from a gentleman in Soulh-Carolina to a friend in New- York, dated ** Charleston, Au^mt 6, 1792. " An express arrived from Gen. Pickens and Colonel ANDKnsoN, which biing* advices to the Governor, staling* tivat a general Indian war on the western frontiers of the Jfitlthcrn Slates seems inevitable ; that by iniellifii^tc? fropj ^USfm Ihc ootatttry 6f the Creeks, an the tribes except the Cnt- sntAWB are determined for war ; urged by GALraiv, iht •uccessor o( M'Giluvray ; and lh«t ihev hare already commenced hostilities wilhin the Carolina line, a party of them having killed and scalped a man on Tugaloo. We hear his excelleiicy has ordered one third of the mMitia in the upper diatrict* to be drafted, an! held in readiness for immediate service, should the savages make further depredations on the frontiers. •< Yesterday evening a gentleman arrived here'froti Augusta, in Georgia, who mformed us, that six of the Creek towns, with « number of Gherokecs, had deelared >var against the United States, and were actually march, ing under the command of Bowles and Galpmin to at- tack the frontiers. « On the 22d ult. the Indians, St in number, oame to the howseofa Mr. Richaho Thresher, in Augusta, «nd fired upon and killed Mr. TaaEsHEn, two children and a negro woman ; Mrs. Thresher, to avoid ifikjati- h\t the fate with which she was threatened, fled with afi infant of about five or six weeks old in her arms, antil leaped into the river; the Indians pursued, shot h«r through each thigh and right breast, stabbed her in the left breast with a knife, cut her left arm nearly off, and then scalped her. In this horrid situation she remained until the neighbors could assemble in sufficient numbers to cross the river and pu sue the Indians; As the first canoe was crossing she had strength enough to call for assistance, they went, found her hanging by a bush in water nearly up to her chin, her infant at the bottom of the river, a few yards from her. She lived 24 hours, ami l»hen informed by her physician that it was impossible for her to survive much longer, she with a fortitude that 15 rarely to be met with, called her friends around her, and in a calm but pathetic manner; gave her handidca^li W.166-; %ne, wishing them a better l?.te than had befalleii heibtdf and family ; and when after her speech failed) as nei,:h« bors were constantly coining in} she continued to givtt her hand until about five minutes before ahe resigned hi.t breath, which was wiihout a gro ^n. *« Mrs. Thresher was about twenty-five years of age, of a respectable family and elegant person , and ;^05f essed a?5 uincommoK educati(itj. ** On Th?5 ;.day the 2'lth two men were killed in Frank- lin, and 40 htifcra < arricd clT; and since the accounts abt>ve received., -'*l! tht mhabiianls on the frontiers have retreated into t'onsj v sthtut arms or ammunitioi^^— At ope meeting o< ni;ar40 persons they could only muster •five .old muskets ; to heighten the horror of their candi" ^ioni the Indiana* were momently expected* ' ' ** As .'similar murders are daily committed, it called up the spirit of 800 gallant fellows, who marc^d last week,^ against the savages, determined to revenf^ the cruelties |irep«red on the infant, the mother, and the defencelei^; " X<} see the country all in forts, breaking up, leavmg^ /their farms, their houses and corn burnt up) is truly dis< tressing. At this time nearlf half the country are in forts. •^ Captain Kenton with about 35 men, who went up the Ohic in order to intercept the Indians who took Mor- gan's station, fell in with a trail of a party of Indians on Pihc waters of Point Creek, coraing in to the settlement. He follov. ed tl.tm, and at night observing he was near them, senl forward some spies to discover their fires ; unluckily the spies fell in with their camp, uid before they discovered it the Indians were alarmed by a doj,; r *io flew out at the spies ; upon whioJi the Indians fi.U on them; the spiesje. < ried the fire ; upon heailr -, tue fir- ing thewholf 1^. ttic ij^iiy came up, and the I;^'i,«inj» re* ^Quantity of powder, lead, and blanlietsi KENro^ 1 f tvro prisoners ; that the Creeks threaten to retaliate, and cut them all off} that the inhabitants of the territory are tvaiting with impatience for the general governnient to afford them succor and protection, that treaties with the aavages w-'J avail nothing, as, what promises they make to-day, they will not hesitate to break lo-morrow." Copy of a letter from Mr. >ffvCb;?iJir, (a Baptist, mi* nister) to his friend in Philadelphia, dated " Muddy Creeky (Penn.J Sept, I, 1792, *i Bear Sir^ « The following are the particulars of the de- struction of my unfortunate family by the Savages— On *he 10th May last being my appointment to preach at one of my meeting houses, about a mile (.om my dwel- ling house, I sat out wiih my loving wife and five chil- dren, for public worship. Not suspecting any danger, I walked behind a few rods with my bible in my hand, meditating — As I was thus employed, on a sudden, I was greatly alarmed by the frightful shrieks of my dear family before me— -I immediately ran to their relief witU all possible speed, vainly hunting a club as I ran^when within a few yards of them, my poor wife observing me cried out to me to make my escape— at this insU Indian ran up to shoot me, I had to ^irip and by so out run him. My wife had an infant in her arrns XtW^h the Indians killed and scalped, after which they struck my wife several limes, but not bringing her to the ground, the Indian who attenipted to shoot me approached her and shot her through the body, after which ihey scalped her !— my little son, about six years old, they desp^died by sinking their hatchets into his brairi^ I*?»i^.-Mc Whier, four years old, they in iikc manner f fed Sd ^'-/la \ r lis." iicalped ! My eldest daughter allcmpted an escape fcf concealing herself in a hollow Iree, about six rods from Ihe fatal scene of action-^observitig the Indians retiring (&» she supposed) she deliberately crept from the place of her concealment, when one of the Indians, who jet re- mained on the ground, espying her, ran up to her and with his tomahawk knocked her down and scalped her !— but, blessed be God, she yet survives, at does her little sister whom the savages in like manner tomahawked and scalped— they are mangled to a shocking degree, but th» dtctors think there are some hopes of^heir recovery. When I supposed the Indians gone I returned tp see Vhat had become of my unfortunate family— whom, ala»' I found in the situation abqve described :— No one, my dear friend, can form a true conception of my feelings at »l)is moment— a view of a scene so shocking to humanity nuite overcome me— I fainted, and vras unconsciously t)orne oflT by a friend who at the instant arrived to my relief. Thus, dear sir, have I given you a faithful though a Short narrative of the fatal catastrophe— and amidst •»hich my life is spared, but for what purpose the Grc-f Jehovah bests knows— oh, may I spend it to the praise *nd glory of his grace, who worketh all things after the eouncU>iif his own will— the government of the world and the church is in his hands. I conclude with wishing yon every blessing, and subscribe myself your affectionate though afllicted friend, and unworthy brother in the gosn pel ministry. jq^^ CORBLY." •0 On the srth September, 1792, a» five gentlemen (Messrs. Jacobus Tailir,' Isaac Arnold, James Stk- UTART, Danibl Barclat, and Isaac Vak Alsttkk,) were on their way to Detroit, at a place called the rivei; miAltiif OB Lake Eric, they were ludOculy attacked hf I! -.in— (bur Mahagon or Delaware Indians (armed with mus- kets and lomahawks) who fircot so near that the children d.scov! cred them lo be Indians ; but it wa- 'h. . .. , ,,,^ ^o ^ake their escape. The Indians sei^^ed and carried them six wiles into ihe woods, wliere they made a fire, and took «P their Jougings for the night j their riflels and toma- hawks th.y rested againn a tree, and then laid down, each Indian with a boy on his arm. The children as may b, supposed kept awake-the eldest begun to move, «nd finding his Indian sound asleep, by degrees disen- gaged himself, and went to the fire, which had then got low and stirred it up ; the Indian not v aking,he whisper, cd to his brother, who likewise crept away, and both of »hem went to the fire. The oldest boy then observed to His brother, " I ti.ink we can kill these Indians, and get «way from them"-the youngest agreed in the proposal of attempting it. The oldest then took one of th. nflcs and placed the muzzle, which he rested on a small stick that he found for the purpose, close i the head of one ot the Indians, and cor ittinr the ex uion of ihis part of the business to his brother, on cred him to pull the trigger at the moment he Haw him strike ihe oth'-v In. ilian with one of the tomanawks. The oldest guve th? ftignal ; the youngest pulled trigger—the rifle shot away Ibc lower part of the Indian's face and lei. him senseless; he then told his brother to lay on, h uad done for his ; after which he snatched up th gi and ran ; the fcoy wuli^the tomahawk gave the strcke wi.a the wfong tnd. -iic Indian started on his seat— the boy found tim wn .take, and lurmng the tomahawk >n his hand, gave .!!"* ''"';^^*' ^^"""^ which brou^l|,t hipi to the ground j he -€p---idhi5 strokes uuiii he:^aU despatched Inm, aai( then nMde the best of his way after his brother. When the boys had found the path which they recollected to have travelled before, the oldest fixed his hat on a bush, as a directory to find the scenes of action the next day. The tomahawked Indian was found near the place where the boya had left him. The other was not there ; but wat tracked by his blood, and although so weakened by his wounds, that he could not raise hit rifle to fire at his QHip suers (the whites) they suffered him to escape; but TO supposed he must have died o . wounds. These two Indians were sent out to recomioitre the best place fof sn Rliack, whic was to have been made by a body of war- riors, ..aiting in the neighborhood. Copy of ^. T Iter from Colonel Robertson, to General Washington, dated '^, Nashville^ Feb, 1, 1703, «' oia^r " ace nnts received from the Chickasaw na* tlou orim; wt art informed that at a grand council of their warnurs vvas unanimously determined to corn- men e active operauons against the whites ; the Chero. Ues they expect will join them. The white inhabitanta m this quarter are drawing t ether, and are doing c thing possible for their defence hut I fear without som« timely assistance we shall all a sacrifice to the wan- t n barbarity of our savag fee w" -> we expect arc now ontheir way to this place, to the .umber of one tbpt*| sand. Major Hall and his elJ t son iell a sac fice t? their fury two day go, near iJeUJoe's Lick. Tii it b|l|c niilfc about twcLty-four pers -^s in the cou. - of 1 &w pionihs in this seltienicnt, bet aes a £ eat nu ms ^a . h -ai a. .m ■■ ' ir'rwiT. Burke county we sarc that on the ? h iti^n^ inr i^ ■/\ 4 1 i t- I! >.s'i uimin^ in townidn our lioiilicr ncUle* incntN ; I iinuurdiulely tnrncd uud lullowed this iruil nn- hi the mornin^j dJ' the 2 In, bciwtcn 1 1 and 13 o'clock» •vhcn I tame up with ihcm. 'Ihcy hud ju;»t cro^ntd l*ronch, colled Jack's Creek, lhioii|;h u thick e.me br»»k< and were cruumptd und cooking on «n cmlhtnce. Mi force then coimiMinfj of ISO men, 30 huvlng been •ent'^^ back on Bccount of their homeii bcinf; tired orid lo.i. I < drew up my men in three divikiouM, the right rommtiml^ , «d by Ccl. I'MKKMAN and Mljor Ci.amkic, who Wfr/B fli^'^ dcrtd to Hurroond und chiiiKe the lodiuiin, f^Jl||j^ (lid with Buch dexterity und Mpirii tliut they imniedtt^^ drove them from their encampment back Into ih§ «i#, *^ br&ke, where, fmdinj; it impoHHibIc for ihem to iMapfg ' Ihcy obftlinulcly returned our fjic ufitil haff pwt four p'clock, when they rtttHcd, cx.:«-pi now and then ft fcbot* « During the luller part of ihc acJit.n they »fcJ»;d fcv<'« fy opportunity of escap.njj by • ,,bI1 parties, .UMvifj^ tho rest to shift for thcm«clvcj!. Ab«.ut fcimiet I ihougMJt most adviKcable to draw off, an the men hftd Ml#ere< want of provisions nearly two day*, and for wftftt of ttr duriniir the nftlnn. >>■>! n.,.^^ ».>*.«:^...i„.i.. <^ t^um ^^mgf «i"Ui#w«iiBd ;d, Which umoyjjita 10 dcvciii aod «i / 'ff *#-:: o ■(.': led* From every circumstance I am certain tberrwerd not less thap 25 Indians killed, and probably double that number woundcd.-In short ihey were totally defeated with the loss of their provisions, cloathing, " &c. consist" ing of the following articles : 4 muskets, 32 brass ket- * ties, and 100 large packs, containing blankets, match-, coats, boots, moccasons, tomahawks, pipes, upward? of 100 halters and bridles, &c. from all which I judj?6*their number was fully equal to ours. Col. Freeman and Major Clarke distinguished themselves, and from the spirit and bravery with which the whole of my little party acted during the action, I do not believe that had w^ met them in the open woods, we should have been more than five, minutes in df. .y "'";? them all. «' While I was on t»KS e v. irsion two skirmishes hap; pened near Greensbor i-n, in one of which one man Vaswo^inded.andh v.joUiet sixstand of arms were lost, being guardf d bj only two men, while the rest of th« party were gatl ; .g fodder. « I am, Sir, with the utmost respect, your Excellency'! most obedient, and very humble servant. " B. CLARKE, Brig, Gen. ■■''■■ « His E», Gecrge Matkenos^ Governor oj Georgia," 0' Copy of a letter from an officer in the service of the Uni; ted States to his friend in New- York, dated « £ufaloe Creek, Sept, 27 1793. <« I left Fort Franklin the 3d instant, and arrived here the nth in the evening, at the house of Mr. VVinnev, who informs me that upwards of four thousand hostile In- .^iani were now assembled at the Miami villages, and that their number was daily increasing—Captain Powel and Several oiltpp oikniiAmor. ^r ,u^ n-:.:.i. i- « . , o— '"=-s"vs« ui n;c Asjjiiaii MiUiy Uinea Willi me /ewtrdoy, «nc! ''rona tbeif coijyersaUon I m perfectly #• tohvinced t^at the Indians are supported by the British ini the war against us— indeed, Captain Powel told me, thait all the intentions of the Indians was well known to thenri) and the Indians were their allies, and of course they must support them— he aho informed me that ten scouts of hostile Indians were then out to strike on the frontiersi and that they would soon strike the Six Nations. Some of the chiefs of the hosiile Indians passed here about five days ago on their way to Canada, but what their business i» I cantiot learn.'* • I— n tr - —" ChAP. XII. jbEFEAt Of THE INDIANS BY GEN. JVATNE, August 20ih, 1794^ Cei^. WAYNE i'o the SECRETARY or WAR. ^ * " IT is with infinite pleasure that I anjiounce to you the brilliant success of ihe Federal arn.y under m/ command, in a general aciion with the combined force of the hostile Indians, atid a considerable number of tiic vol- unteers and militia of Detroit on the 20lh August, oa the banks of the Miarais, in the vic'nily of the liritisU post and garrison at the foot of the Rupids. The army advanced from Fort Washington on the 15ih, »nd arrived at Roach De Bout on tho 18ih, and the 19tl», we were employed in making a (cmporary post ior thtt reception of our stores and baggage, »!id in reconnoitres ing the position of ihe enemy who were tncamped befind * thick bushy wood and the british f rt. At 8 o'clock on the morning of the 20. h. lbs cmy «g»in fttivftnccd in columni ^grccuble lo the sLaading ar- I ' — 178— ^ dcr of the march, Ihe legion on the right, its right flanfe covered by the Miamis— one britjade of mounldd- volun- teers on the left under Brgadier-Cieneral Todd, and the other in the rear under Brigadier General Barbeb. A select battalion, of mounted volunteers moved in front of the legation, commanded by Major PurcE, who was di- rected to keep sufficiently advanced, and to give timely notice for the troops to form in case of action, it being yet undetermined wliethcr the Indians would decide for peace or war. After advancing about five miles, Major PuiCK'scorp* received so severe a fire from the enemy, who were se- creted in the woods and high grasSy as to compel them to retreat. The legion was immediately formed in two lines, prin- cipally in a close thick wood which extended for miles on our left and for a very considerable distance in front, the ground being coveted with old fallen timber, probably occasioned by a tornado, which rendered it impracticable fen' the cavalry to act with effect, and afforded the enemy the most fjivourable covert for their mode of warfare ; the Savages were formed in three lines within supporting distance of each other, and extending for near two mile* at right angles with the river. I soon discovered from the weight of the fire and extent of their lines, that the enemy were in full force in front, in possession of their favorite ground, and endeavouring to turn our left flank ; I therefore gave ordei"s for the second line to advance to suppopt « he first, and directed Major General Scott to :«ta 9nd turn the rijjjht flank of the Savages, with the ^Ifble of the mcnnled volunteers by a circuitous route ^ «t the ^{U^ titne I ordered the front line to advance and charge WJD^ tfaiSed arms, and rouse the Indians firm ihrif cwf^^jAi ihc point of the bayonet, and when up to deliver a dots and well directed fife on their back", bl| !r>wed by a brisk charge so as not to give tliem time to load again, or to form their lines, I also ordered Capt. M. Campdkll, who romrnanded the lejjionary cavalry, to inrn the lefc flank of the enemy next the river, and which aflordcd a ravourable field for that corps to act in-^ail lho»c orders were ol>eyt'd with spirit and promtitnde ; but such was the impetuosity of the charge by the first line of infantry that the Indians and Canadian miUtia and volunteers were drove froni all their coverts, in so short a time, that although every possible exertion was used by the ofiiccrs of the second line of the Irgion and by Generals Scott, Wood, and Barbbe, of the mounted volunteers to gain their proper positions, but part ot each could get up in season to par- ticipate in the action, the enemy being drove in the course of one hour more than two miles, throui^l) the thick woods already mentioned by less than ont half their number. From every account the enemy amounted to ^wo thou» Band combutants, the troops actually engaged against them were short of nine hundred.— This horde of Sava- ges, with their allies, abandoned themselves to fiight, and dispersed with terror and dismay, leavin^^' our victo- rious army in full and quiet possesion of the iietd of bat- tle, which terminated under the influence of the guns of the British garrison. The bravery and conduct of every officer belonging tp the army, from the Qenerals down to the Eoftigns, merit my approbation. Lieutenant Covington, upon whom the command ©f the cavalry devolved (capt. Campbell being kiUtd) t?tt c^own two Savages with his own hand, and Lieutenant Wf.bd one, in turning the enemy's left Hank. The wounds rtceived by c:aptains Slougm, Prio*, Vam Hansklaub and IUwuns) end Liet^teuams M'- ->18«^ nil Kknky and Smith, bear honourable te&limony of ihetr bravery and conduct ; in fact every oflicer and soldier who had an opportuitily to come into action dikplayed that true bravery which will always insure succetis; and here permit mc to declare that 1 have never discovered anore true spirit and anxiety lor action than appeared to pervade the whole of the mounted volunteers, and I am well persuaded, that had the enemy maintained their favoiiie ground for one half liour longer they would have most severely felt the prowess of that corps. But whilst r pay this juut tribute to the living I must not neglect the gallant dead, among whom we have to lament the early death of ihose worthy and brave officers* Capt. Campbell and Lieut. Towles, who fell in tb« iirsi charge. 1 he loss of the enemy was more than double to that of the federal army — the woods were strewed for a con- siderable distance with dead bcdies of Indians and their white auxiliaries, the latter armed with British muskets and bayoneis. We remained three days and nights on tb«t banks of the Miamis, in front of the field of battle, during which time all th • houses and cornfields wc; e consumed and destroyed for a considerable distance above and below the garrison, among which were the houses, stoics and property or ^ ol. M'Kee, the British Indian jigent and principal stimulator of the war now exibling between the United States and the savages. The army returned to head quarters on the 27lh, by easy marches, laying waste the villages and cornfields fur about fifiy njilcs on each side of the Miamis. ll is not i<»proliaule uul that ijic enemy muy make one dcfcperate flTort :;gaiBst the aimy, as it is said a reinforcement Wf4f Urndy expected at Fort Miamis from Niagara, aa v/tU Ea I'umeioas tribes of Indians I'ving on the murgins i,n .' ;*!and? uf the lakes. This u an event raihtr to tK vn^i.- ^lei— «cl for than dreaded whilst the army remains fn force, their numbers will only tend to'^confuse the savages, and the victory will be the more complete and Jecisive, and which may eventually insure a permanent and happy peace. The following is a return of the killed and wounded and missing of the federal aimy, in the late action, to wit :— Killed— 1 Captain, 1 Lleuicnunt, 3 Sergeants, 38 privates— Total 33. WouNDFD— 4 Captains, 2 Lieutenants, I Ensign, 4 Sergeants, 3 Corporals, 2 Musicians, 84 privates—Total 100. I have the honor to be, your moat obedient and very humble servant, ANTHONY WAYNE." « To the Secretary of War*'* The following circumstances, which took place pre- vious to and during Gen. Wayne's engagement, ate worthy of record* At the instant Gapt. Campbell was attempting ta turn the left flank of the enemy, three of them plui)};i d into the river — two friendly negroes being on theopposii* side, and observing the Indians making for the shore, they placed thtm'jelves on the bank behind a log, an^ as soon as the Indians approached within shot, one of the negroes fired and killed one of the Indians ; the other iwti got hold of him to dr»'ij;»; iim out, when the other n^gio fired and k"iled another ; ihe remaining Indian got hold of both those dead u jii ii them ashore, when the negro who killed the first having again reloaded firew and kifjed the third, and they ail floated down the river. Another circumstance is atoo r«;i«icd, viz. A ^oidier, toon al^tr the conclusion of th^:; acYf6n, proteeotig n.\nts ^ufeta ce from the camp, met mi Indi«n ; thvy 4iv;ac»ck council of Indians was heM a few days after their defeat by Gen. W^yne, in which British Igents en- cieavored to nersuade them to r.sk another action, but ti«s t^jPTrtusednb do, expressing a willingness to bury tk« m^, hatcnet and return to their homes-their loss they acclared to be 200, and that their whole force at the roRimencem^ent of the action amounted to 1500 Indians r-^. ^^> --snadians. Tiic body of the Collector of Niagara hmad among the iiajn. ■5V % ..*' CONCLUSION, INNUMERABLE were the instances of Sayagtf fcaiLarity exercised toward the defenceless inhabitants ot the frontiers, from the year 1783 to that of 1793 — we have recorded but a small number of them, but a num- ber sufficiently large, we presume, to convince the read- er of their enormity— not until those unfortunate people had repeatedly solicited the aid of Government, did the latter consent to take up arms for the protection of their defenceless brethren ; — when every pacific measure fail- ed — when every proposal of peace, however just and equitable, was rejected and treated with disdain-^umi^n- ity dictated that Recourse should be had to mor#effectu- al measures to put a slop to the murderous career of an unnatural enemy.— Hence the commencement of hostili- ties by the AmeJrw'is. and hence the expeditions of Generals Harmkr, Sc:'tt, Wilkinson, St. Clair and Wayne ;— -and although two of the former were defeat- ed with no inconsiderable loss, the glorious victory of tho latter brought about the desirable e t* t— the pnenr.y wero taught thereby the superiority of ih vhites, even in their favorite mode of warfare— they buried the hatchet and sued for peace, and a Treaty (satisfactory to both parties) soon followed, to the articles of which^ th^ fcave ever since and continue faithfully to aHherw^^ The following list of names of the various Indian n^f^ tions in North-America, in 1794, with the number qf their fighting men, was obtained by a gentleman (Mr. Benjamin Hawkins) employed ia the above mentioned Treaty :— The Choctaws or Flatheads, 4500— Natchcs, 1|f€u- Chickasaws, 750— -Cherokees, 2500—Catab»», f50.*^iPi.. kashiws, 3*0— Oughtenons, 400— Kakapoui, ioo-4Jel» I % i «warei, SOO-^Shawanese, 300— Miamles 305-;.tJppfet' Creeki, Middle Creeks and Lower Creeks, 4000— Cowi- tas, 700 — Alibotnas, 600— Akinsaws, 200 — Ansaus, 1000 — Padomas, 500 — white and freckled Pianis, 4000 — Cau- ses, 1600 — Ooages, 600 — Grand Saux, 1000— Missouri} SOOO — Saux of ttie VVoodi 1800-^BIanceB, or white In- dians with beard, 1500— Asinboils, 1500— Christian Catl- xes, 3000— iOuiscousaS) 500— ^Mascotins^ 500'~.Lakes^ 400 — Muherouakes, 250 — Folle Avoinesi or WildoatSi S50->Puans, 700— Powatamig, 350— Missasagues, wan- dering tribe, 2000— Otabas, 900— Chipewas, 5000— Wi- andots, SOO— Six Nations, 1500— Round Heads, S500->^- Algoquins, 3000— Nepisians, 400— Cbaias, 130— Ami- testes, 550— Muckniacks, 700— AbinaguiS) 3jr0'— -Conat- >ay Hurins, 200,— Total, 58780. FINIS, A •►» * ^ owi- 1000 ouri, In- van* Wi- otiit- Appendix; (Soy, HARRISON'S engagement with the SAtJUSEi on thi Wabash^ November 7, 1 8 1 1 • WE should have been extremely happy to have closed, as we anticipated, the list of Savage barbarities With the last chapter ; but, after a cessation of hostilities on their part of more than sixteen years, we find them once more collecting in a formidable body on our fron- tiers, and (instigated by a bIood>thirsty savage, of tho Shawanoe tribe, termed " The Prophet") commencing an unprovoked attack on th6 American troops stationed* thereon. The conduct of tiie Wabash Indians, becoming suspici- ous to our governmentf in consequence of their many thievish excursions and hasty preparation for an offensive attack, Gov. Harrison, Vith 1200 men, (350 regulars and the remainder militia) were ordered to proceed from the neighborhood of Vincennes to the line, and demand of the Prophet tide object of his real intentions. The troops commenced their march on the 26th September, and nothing important occurred until their arrival on the line, where they remained near a month, and built a strong fort, which in honor to the commander in chief, was cal* led Fort HarrIsok.— The Indians in a friendly manner almost every day visited camp, and held councils with the Governor, but would not accede to his terms, which were that their leader (the Prophet) should give up the pro- perty stolen from the Americans, and send all their war- riors to their different tribes ;— the Governor therefore determined on attacking them. On lh« S'Jth October the troops left Fori Harrison and took up their line of march J % •i'. /" 2 APPENDIX, for the Prophet's town, where tbry aH-ivccI on the 6tlr November, When within about half a mile of the town the troops formed the line of battle,* which the Ind>an« perceiving) sent three of their chiefs with a flag of truce> begging that their livaa might be spared, pledging tbem^ selves that they wguld rat takfC up the tomahawk against the troops, and ihat if they would encamp near the town^ in ,0 morning they would come to auch terms as the Governor should propose.— This lulled the troops into security, and they encamped about half a mile back of the town. Fifteen minutes before 5 o'clock the next morning the savages commenced a furious attack pn the left flank of the troops— but a single gun was fired by the centinels or the guard in that direction, which made not the lestsC resistance, but abaindoned ih^ir officer and fled into CMmpy and the first n^ . vhich the troops of that flank had of the danger, Vvr, r om the yells of the savages within a hhort distancf cf ihe line — but eyen under those circum- - stances the men v,^re not wanting to themselves or to the occasion. Such of them as wfirc awake, or were easily awakened, seized their arms and lo{4c* their Ualions ; others which were more tardy, had to contend with the eiiemy in the doors of their tents. The storm first lell iipon capi. Barton's company of the 4th U. S. regiment, and capt. Geiger's company ot mounted riflemen, which formed the lef. angle of the rear line. The fire upon these was- excessively sefere and they suffered conside- rably before relief could be brought to them. Some few Indians passed into the encampment near the angle, and ooe or two penelraled to some distance before they were killed. Under all these discouraging circumstances, the troops formed them under the ftreotf the enemy, and being then joined by the riflemen oftligvi,; ^ fla')Jb;, had charged the Indians, kiUed a number, aiU^igpli^- th« rest to a precipitate flight* ^ ^f- "^ ^ ' - i^heac'.toa was maintained with the greatest obstinf^cy APPENDIX, ^ «ad pert 2Terance by both parties. The Indians manifcHI ed a ferocity uncommon even with them— to their savag© fm our troops opposed that cool and deliberate valor v;hich is characteristic of the christian soldier. Capt. Spencer was wounded in the head— he exhorted hia men to fight valianily~hc was shot thro^h both thighsj and fell, still continuing to encourage them— h« was raised up, and received a ball through his body, which put an immediate end to his existence. Captain Warwick was shot immediately through the body ; being taken to the surgery to be dressed, as soon as it was over (being a man of great bodily vigor and still able to walk) he insisted upon going back to head his company, al- though It was evident that he had but a few hours to lire. There were about 179 of the troops killed and wound- ed J It was supposed the enemy were about 700 strong and that they lost about 400 in the engagement. The day proceeding the action the troops set fire to their town and destroyed every thing valuable, and the morning en- sumg struck their tents and commenced their march for Vincennes, where they in safety arrived after a most fa- ::3;uing campaign of 55 days, and marching the distance pf 320 miles. ne following is a list of the killed and wounded of the armj, in the engagement, -^ Killcd^Ont Aid deCamp, one Captain, two Subalterns, one Sergeant, two Corporals, thirty privates. Wounded, since dead^Oae Major, two Captains, twenty, two privates. Wounded^^Two Lieut. Colonels^ one Adjutant, one Sun geon's Mate, two Captains, three Subalterns, nine Scr, jeants, five Corporals, one Musician, one hundred 8^^ two privates. yqtplof killed and wounded— 188, ^ ■ M AFPENDIX* l^i J^ames of Offiters kitted and wunded^ a$ per Generai Retnmi General Staff, KiUed^CoX* Abraham Owens, aid-de«camp to the com* mander in chief* Field and Staff. Wounded^\J\t\xX, Col. Joseph Bartholemews, commafid- ing Indiana militia inrantry ; Lt; Col. Luke Decker, of do. Maj. Joseph H. Daviess, since dead, commanding a squadron of dragoons » Doctor Edward Scull, of the In- idiania militia ; Adjutant James Hunter, of mounted rifle- men. United States Infantry^ including the late Cafit, Whitneys rijle company, JTiMttirfpi— Capt. W. C. Bean, acting major, since dead ; Lieut George P. Peters ; Lieut; George Gooding ; En? aign Henry Burcbstead* Colonel Decker's detachment of Indiana militia* Wounded — Captain Jacob Warrick, since dead. Major Redman's detachment of Indiana militiai Wounded — Capt. John Norris. Majot Wells' 2 detachment of mtunted rijemcn. Wounded— -Capu Frederick Guiger; Capt* Spencer's company, including Lt, Berry's detachment of mounted riflemen, ^i//^ Secretary of War, a few weeks after the action, dated ;ji F/nc0nn««, Dec. 4, 18 Uf ^ Sir— <|I hate the honor to inform you that two priA* eifal CWeft ef-