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i^( b
-, !0
UNIVERSITY REFORM
DEFENDED =
IN REPLY TO
"f 1:1 A T\Tn-| "
SIX EDITORIALS OF THE "GLOBE" AND "LEADER,
On the University Commissioners and the Advocates for
University Reform in Upper Canada.
§t) a c!^0mmittee of the <^iV.$lc|||;m O^onfctenct
JS) Q r u t a :
PRINTED A.T THE "OUAKDIAN" STEAM PIIINTIXO ESTAIlIJSnMENT.
I8i;3.
"aoi
■^
1
S]
0]
UNIVERSITY KEFOKM
DEFENDED «
IN REPLY TO
SIX EDITORIALS OF THE "GLOBE" AND "LEADER,"
On the University Commissioners and the Advocates of
University Reform in Upper Canada.
§j) H (^mmWUt 0t th ^VtAqm (S)mtmm.
PRINTED AT THE "GUARDIAN" STEAM PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT.
1863.
UNIVERSITY REFORM DEFENDED:
IN RKPLT TO
Six Editorials of the " Globe" and " Leader" on the University
Commissioners and the Advocates of University Refbrm
in Upper Canada.
BY A COMMITTEE OF THE WESLEYAN CONFERENCE.
The Committee appointed by the Wesleyan
Conference to udrocate a National System of Uni-
versity and Collegiate Education, upon the basis
of equal rights to all denominations and classes of
the community, feel ourselves called upon to
vindicate the University Commissioners and the
denominations advocating University Reform,
from the strictures of the Olobe and Leader news-
papers, and to present a summary view of the
equitable and patriotic grounds on which that
Reform is advocated.
{Importance of the Quettion.)
The great importance of the question is such as
to invite the best attention of every friend of his
country, of education, of religion. And when we
speak of religion, we speak of it not in reference
to any religious persuasion, but in relation to
those sreat principles of truth and morals which
are common to all religious persuasions, and
which form the chief elements of individual and
national character, the only basis of confidence
between man and man, and without which no
neighborhood or country can bo happy or pros-
perous. Religious persuasions are the only agen-
cies of teaching these principles, and uxo there-
fore the greatest benefactors of society. To em-
ploy towards them terms of opprobrium and con-
tempt must be the offspring of a feeling opposed
to the principles and practice of religious truth
and morals.
{History of the QiietUon.)
The University question preaents itself histori-
cally Mid practically aa followa: In former years
the public endowment for higher education waa
employed in establishing one College, virtually la
the interests and under the control of one chnrch.
This caused gr'-at dissatisfaction; to remove
which the Legridlature passed an Act in 1840 ez-
tinguishing the very name of the College, and w-
tablishing a College under the name of an Univer-
sity, excluding all recognition of religion, and
prohibiting every kind of religious worship in the
institution. It was as revolting to the feelings of
the people generally to exclude all religion, as to
establish one dominant church. What the coun*
try needed, and what was largely demanded, was,
not the exclusion of Christianity from our system
of University education, but the comprehension
of all V'\Q influences of Christianity through the
religic I'-it [jorsuosions upon equal terms to all upon
equal conditions, without the exclusion or domin-
ationofany. This was the origin and object of
the University Act of 1853, as stated in the pre-
amble, and as avowed by members of the Gov-
ernment who introduced it. Both the Acts of
1849 and 1853 sought the affiliation of all the
Colleges of the country in one University. The
preamble of the second Act states that no College
had affiliated under the first Act, and therefore
proposed other provisions for the attainment of
that object and the wider diffusion of Collegiate
education in the country. But the mode in which
the Act of 1853 has been administered, or rather
mis-administered, has virtually perpetuated the
repealed Act of 1849. Hence the dissatisfaction
with the present system, and the renewed adyo-
Cftcy of TTniversity Reform. r
(yaturt of th* QuMtion.)
The practical question now ii, whether our syi*
tern of TTnirertity education shall include one en-
dowed Oollage only, or several Collrges in one
University, teaching the same subjects of litera-
ture and science, and up to the same standard
yet varied in their religious oversight and modes
of instruction, suited to the different sections of
the community, and adapted to secure a whole-
some emulation ; whether all the meant provided
for Collegiate education, should bo expended in
supporting one set of Professors for all Upper
Canada, or several sets of Professors ; whether one
College— that is, a School next higher than a
Grammar School, — with its teachers, without
emulation, without oversight, with salaries se-
cured independent of pupils or amount of labour,
is likely to do more for cither the quality or dif-
fusion of higher education in the country, than
several Colleges erected by voluntary effort, and
developing and combining the influence and
energies of religious persuasions, and their several
bodies of Teachers animated to duty by mutual
emulation, and largely depending upon their exer-
tion! and success for their remuneration, and
guaranteed to the community as to character and
principles, as well as ability, not by a government
appointment, but by the character and oversight
of the religious persuasions establishing Colleges
interested in their efficiency and success. This is
the practical question at issue in the present dis-
cussion. All the dust raised about " sects," "spo-
liation," " vandalism," &c., ftc, are the mere tac-
tics employed by partizanship to prejudice the
question in the minds of^the misinformed, just
as reformers were called revolutionists, and the
advocates of equal rights used to be called spolia-
tors, in former days in this conntry. What the
country at large, and what every good friend to
it, is interested in, is not whether Collegiate edu-
cation shall be given in Toronto alone, or in other
towns also, or by any one or more religious per-
euasion, or by no religious persuasion, but how,
l}y a given amount of public aid can the means
and influences in behalf of University education
be most extensively developed, and University
education most widely imparted, with the best
precaution and provision possible for the prind-
ples and character of the young men educated,
finch is the practical question fbt the reader's con-
lideration and decision. '■ - -t^-'
{Bditf and Preeeedingi of Ma Wiuteyan Chureh.)
Ths Wesleyaos as a body, and some other large
religious persuasions, believe that several emulat-
ing Colleges will do more work and educate more
youth, than one monopolist college; vhey believe
that youth are more likely to be good and uief\il
citizens if they are religiously taught and watched
over at the Slime time that they are secularly in-
stmctcd ; and believing this, they believe the pnst
and present system of expending th« University
endowment is unjust and impolitic, and that a
one-college monopoly is at variance with the best
interests of the Province, and with the just rights
of large sections of the community. They em-
bodied the expression of their convictions in
petitions to the Legislature, and asked for inquiry.
Inquiry was granted, and proofs were adduced in
support of the justice of their complaints. A
Commission was issued to investigate the manage-
ment of the University endowment, and the work-
ing of the University system, and report the re-
sults, with such recommendations as the investi-
gation might suggest. That Commission has
reported. The report has been printed, and at-
tacked by the advocates of monopoly. We now
proceed to answer these attacks, i
{Reply to the " Olobe'a'^ attaeis on the Commiinonert.)
The Oloie of the 20th ult. says—
" The chief result of the inquiry eeems to ui to be the
establishment, almost beyond question, thatHfvsrp. Jas.
Patton, of Toronto, John Bcaty, of Cobourg, M. D., are
the most impudent men that the Province contains.
The only doubt which remains on our mind, arises from
the question whether Messrs. Patton, Beatty, and Pat-
on are really the authors of the report bearing their
name, or whether they have not been used as the plastic
tools of Dr. E|;erton Kycrson, whose hand may, we
fancy, be traced in many of its pages."
We can state, in reply, on the best authority,
that " Dr. Egerton Ryerson" did not write or sug-
gest one line of the report, and that every line of
it was suggested and written by one or the other
of the Commissioners themselves.
Mr. Paton is a scholar and member of the Senate
of Queen's College ; Dr. Beatty is a member of
the Senate of Victoria College ; and Mr. Patton
is Vice Chancellor of Toronto University— made
so, not by Government appointment, but by elec-
tion of the Senate, and against Mr. Langton, who
was proposed and stoutly advocated by Dr. Daniel
Wilson. Such a Commission could not have been
more fairly selected. The Globe of the 80th ult.
makes repeated and lengthened attacks upon Mr.
Paton personally. The Olohe represents Mr. Pa-
ton asa " self-appointed member" of a committee
of which he was not a member at all, and at not one
meeting of which he was ever present. The Olohe
also sneers at the "Hon. James Patton" for receiv-
ing $800 per annum for " doing the little bit of
formality" of conferring degrees on students en-
titled to receive them ; but the GMe does not
mention that Mr. Lftogton b»d reovired the Mm*
turn per annu.n during lonr years ior performing
theinmc duties of Vice Chancellorship; and which
duties involve the prepnralion of all business for
tho St'nito, and cnnducUng all correspondence lu
behalf of the University.
It is also just to observe that Jlr. Patton, after
two years of service in the offlco of Vice Chancel-
lor, has, within the last two months, been uvani-
tnou$ly re-elected to that ofllco by the Senate, on
motion of Dr. McCaul, (President of University
College) seconded by Adam Crooks, Esq., Barrister-
at-Law.
The Commissioners acted quite within the va-
ried objects, and visitorial powers of their Cora-
raisMon. Th j Olohe cannot object to the questions
they proposed, or the fairness of their selection of
parties ot whom answers to the questions
were requested ; yet the Olohe calls tho Commis-
sioners tho " most impudent men that tho Pro-
vince contains," because they adopt tho sugges-
tions which the replies to their questions warrant,
and make those suggestions almost in tho very
words which tho Senate of tho University had
unanimously adopted. The Olof/e'a imputation,
therefore, upon the Commissioners, is most unjust
and unfounded, whether it comes or not from
" the most impudent men that Canada contains."
{Reply to th« " Gfo&e" nnd " Leader'a" attnehs on the
Wedeiian, and other Petitioners for Vnicenity
dey~
linform.)
The Oldbe and Leader can scarcely find epitliets
of odium strong enough to designate the Wesleyan
and other advocates of University Reform. They
are " greedy sects," " spoliators," " plunderers,"
enemies of our common school system, and indeed
every thing that is selfish, mean, and mercenary.
We may ask, in reply, whether tho very writer
of some of these assailing artiolcs in the Olohe and
Leader is not a salaried officer in the very College
whose monopoly he advocates, and whether he is
not largely profiting by that monopoly ? We may
also ask, whether the Ohhe and Leader establish-
ments have not also profited not a little by that
same monopoly ? Are these the partic s to impute
mercenary motives to others, and especially to
whole communities ? And is a resort to such im-
■putations tho proper style, and spirit, and method
to discuss the great question of tho higher educa-
tion of a country ? The Oldbe descends to person-
Alities, and names three Heads of Colleges who
have for several years been members of the Senate,
as objects of attack. He speaka of " tho Rev.
Dm. Nellet and Leitch and tlie Very Rev. Vicar
General MoDonell," at charging for their " board,
lodging, and travelling expeniea to the University
fund" "every time" they favour the Senate with
their prosencp." Now, thoin>h nothing is more
just and reasonable that members at a distance
shouM bo paid their travelling expenses while at*
tending tho Senate — though the Legislature pro-
vides for tho payment of the travelling expenses
of its own members — though both Victoria and
Queen's Colleges, and we dare say tho other Col-
leges, pay the travelling expenses of the distant
members of their Boards of Trustees and Senate,
and do so ns a matter of economy as well as of
justice, as tho distant members of such bodies are
generally more economical in tho expenditure of
funds, than local mpml)ers resident where the
funds are expended, and wlif) may have some In-
terest in their expenditure ; yet those Toronto
members of the Senate who have wished to keep
the control of University aflfairs in Toronto hands,
have resisted every measure which has been pro-
posed to pay tho travelling expenses of non-To-
ronto members of tho Senate, (though said To-
ronto members have provided for paying the
travelling expenses of non-Toronto Examiners of
tho University), and neither Dr. Nclles, nor Dr.
Leitch, nor Vicar General McDonell, has ever re-
ceived a farthing from the " University fund" in
payment of their "board, lodging, and travelling
expenses" while attending meetings of the Senate.
Tho Olobe'a statement is therefore as untrue, as his
attack is unworthy of a public journalist.
Then as to the Wesleyans being a " greedy sect,"
spoliators, &c., to wlioui do these epUhets luuht
justly apply ? To those who largely profit by the
monopoly which they advocate, or to those who
advocate equal rights upon equal terms among all
sections of the community according to their
works? The Wesleyans have ever bet n tlie earnest
advocates of equal rights and privileges uiaung iill
classes, and that long before most of their assail-
ants had a name or a habitation in this country.
Every time a minister of any other Church thaa
that of England, of Scotland, or of Rome solininiz-
08 matrimony in behalf of his own or other people,
or performs a funeral service over theirremains in
grounds regularly secured by law, he, together
with all parties concerned, enjoys fruits of the
many years' labour in the cause of civil and
religious liberty of some of those very men, sus-
tained by the Wesleyan body, who have been most
traduced by the advocates of monopoly as Univer-
sity reformers. The Wesleyan body has a charac-
er and a history in the country which its assailants
may envy and wperse, but cannot destroy.
{Rtply to Remarh of the " Uloht" and " Ltader" j tor diiMtiKftotion on tb« part of thoMOtLar inttltuiioot
on the Commimoner»\ Report at to Kxpendi' |
« Act. The iiim of nearly |BB,000, taken from tb«
The Olohe and T.<:uler both nfflrm that tho Rf. ; Kndowmr.nt, U bIko lnre«to.l. m already utated, in the
port of tlic Ci>innu*si(>ncrH contains no proof of '"'ilfi'iM "CciipioU by tlm Rmnch Lunatic Aiiyliim. [N'o.
the cxtraviipaiif cxpomlitun' ooinplainuil of. TIk- ' ' '''^
Petitioners I.U.I rompiuinui tl.ut a Inrwu portion ''T"'"''!"''''' 7'''''"' ^p'^'i^'-'J from the m1o« of land^ l«
' ^ ' flj^i'.i i«, .in.l ttci'oiiimK t(» tliu intmitloiis ot the Act,
iI.Ij .,1 Vi 1 I ! 1 _ .1 n ... !
of the cnpitiil of the ciulnwntunt hnrt hcin apent,
at variance with law. for tlio « rertion of ('ollcpc
builiHpgi, onrl iha' iniicli lU' tl/o Income Fund
had been lavishly cxptndcd. Tho Lcaihr, as
usual, deaiii in vapiu; and gcm-rnl dtiiiulx, and im-
putations of " iiionstioiis vandalism." The Glvlc
■aya — "Wo are hnppy to find that the Cnmmip-
aioners, imbued, as they undoubtedly were with
the strongest desire to And fault, have been un-
able to pt)int out a sinKli? case of either jolibory
or culpable extravagance uu the part of tho
authorities of tho University."
Neither the Commissionera nor the Petitioners
had any thing to say, nor ony desire to say, any
thing about " the authorities of the University."
It was the expenditure complained of and invcKti-
gated, without reference to those who directed it.
The Commissioners state as follows in respect to
the diversion of tho endowment for the erection
of buildings:
" Had the University Funds been always strictly ap-
tliir< xiiiMiM li.iv.' 1.(1-11 itiv.'Mted nit the Pormnncnt Fund
OP Ciipitiil ol ihi t;iilvfr».|ty, and would liiivn produced
KTi Hiiiiiml itv(«iiuoof*(!7,7m». This will bo Keen from
niuin ( V|ip No. 4!»,) which Ih a "Stutemi'nt of Capital
ii/vc- ii' ! niid iimoMiu expended on account of the IJnI-
vcrMiy of Ton.iiin, up to the 31st December, ^^^"and
fioiii itlurii .No, Ufi App., givinx subjects of uxpindltiire
aad nio'leu of inventment. On looking, however, at In-
vcstinetitii pro.liiuiivo of revtuue, the CommiHuioncra
tiiid limt out of tho above amount derived from the sulei
of Endowment land(>, tho following five Items form tho
chief sources of Inconio:
1. liiiildinK'rented to Medical School
2. Uaiik Stock
8, Mortgages
4. Debentures
5. From investments in property
value I 7,020
1,440
06,874
884,047
41,001
t4*iC,S82
" Prp^nmin;? that from tho above five sources an in-
come of $'2S,ls8 U derived, it will be seen that the an-
nual income of the Unirerstity has been reduced to the
extent of |39,002 per annum."
Thus a vast building for great show, but with
slender accommodations, has been erected, when
the law only autliorised repairs and improvementi
piled to tho purposes for which they were intended, j *•* ^^'^ existing buildings ; the capital of lands
namely, to create a permanent Endowment, the annual sold to tho amount of ttcelve hundred and twenty-
proceeds of which should bo devoted to sustaining the i _,•„. ,i„,,„„„j ,7;7,_. i , , , i . -
cause of higher education in Upper Canada, the n-sul.r"'*'''''"*'''"^'?'''^'^'^*.!'"^ ^^^"^ '•"^"ced to four
would have been very different from that which we have ' ^""<^''^<^ """^ ^w^'.'/-"''"* t'lomand dollars; the In-
now to consider. Tho chief diminution h»» arisen from Vome fund has been reduced to the amount of
the large expenditure on the new Uoiversity and Col- ,;,,•,„ ^,v.. ti.^. i j u t ^
lege Buildings, Muscumn, and Library, amounting to > "'"^^l/'^^'^' (^^"oand dollars a year; and yet we are
1355,907 for Buildings,^ and $«5,669 expended on told these facts prove no "culpable extravagance"
■ in the expenditure of the University fund ! We
may appeal to any candid man of any party,
Library and Museums. [No. 50 App.]
" In the opinion of the Commitisioners, the Act ap-
pears cspceially to provide that the Endowment should
remain intact, and tho only expenditure from the per-
manent fund appears to be authorized in clauses 78 and
84, where provision is made for " maintenance ond
ordinary repairs of the property assigned for the ufc of
the said University, or College, and for siich permanent
improvements and additions to thebuildingii, as may be
authorized by the Governor in Council." Even a liberal
construction of the clauses referred to, ns well as of the
spirit and tenor of the Act, would seem to afford grounds
for doubt as to whether so large an expenditure as has
been permitted, was in accordance with Legislative en-
actment. A careful examination of tho University
Building has convinced the Commissioners that the ex-
penditure Y i been upon a scale disproportionate to its :
uses and requirements, as well as inexpedient, when the '
necessity for public aid to sustain the higher educational '
interests of the country is coneidered. Comfort and j
utility have, it is feared, been less studied than appear- |
ance and decoration ; and even now, when the number
of students is far smaller than in this growing country
may reasonably be expected to assemble within its walls,
complaints are made that the accommodation afforded
to University College is greatly limited.
" It is obviously too late to offer further objections to
this expenditure, and the Commissionera merely point
to the facte as (bowing that they afforded soma ground
whether these facts do not more than justify and
establish all that tho advocates orUniversity Re-
form have complained of and alleged in regard to
unlawful and extravagant expenditures of the Uni-
versity fund.
But these are only a part of the facta relative to
extravogancc. On the 10th page of the Commis-
sionera Report, we have the following statement :
"As an instance of the want of proper adjustment of
expenditure to the income actually collected, reference
may be made to the first year in which a deficiency oc-
curred, viz. 1850 — when the excess amounted to the
largesum of |18,56f.36. In this one year tho following
sums are charged to Income Fund.
Furniture for College residence $6,126 15
Grounds 6,260 20
Observer's residence 4,840 00
$\6,12l 85
"Of the expediency of spending so large a sum on the
residence now occupied by only 10 Students, and also
upon the grounds, at a time when the income fall short,
I
,12S 15
,'2&0 20
,340 00
jwy KTMl Jouhtt m»y b« mi«rUined ; kiul th« Toia
mliilontr* are itroiiKly of opinion thtt tliu la^t itrm of
•apeDlJltur^ for tlie beorfit of th« ObMrTBtory, w4« not
t legitlmtte •pplicttion of the UnlTemity fundi."
Ilrre wo have ejpeniWlmcnhft/nnd the arliml Fit-
' offl0 to tlio nmnnnt nf tipwurds of dijhUen thou-
tand dolhirt ; of wliit-h upwards of four thoumml
ifoVar* was cxj)cndcd for an Oliserver's rcHldcnc •»
which has no moro to do nitli tlio C'ulli>^u than
the Light house of tho Toronto hail)our ; up-
wards of »ix thorunnd dnllars was expended to
omanncnt tho College grounds; upwards of ^flte
t?u>utand dollar* was expended in furnishing a
boarding hall for tho residence of students, which
first included 55 boarders, and last 10, and has
now been abandoned as a failure ! And all these
expenditures are over and above tho aetiml in-
eomt—ia the teeth of the Act of Parliament, and
reducing the endowmtnt. This wus in 1850;
but, wo lenrn from 15th page of tho Report, that
in the following year tho erpenditure exceeded the
income to the amount of |8,777,00, and the year
following again, to the amount of $11,473,05 —
since which timo we have no returns ; thus in
three years, exceeding the income, and reducing
the capital to the amount of $30,600,77. What
li all this but " extravagance," whether " cul-
pable " or not ?
We need not enter into further details of ex-
penditure, or remarks upon tho recommendations
of the Commissioners as to reductions in regard
to certain professorships, scholarships, &c. The
Leader afTects anger in regard to these matters ;
but the admissions of the Olobe are ampio to our
purpose. In regard to tho expenditure on tho
buildings themselves, the Globe of the 20th ult.,
concedes that "too' much money may have been
•pent on the buildings, and we certainly do not
approve of the style of architecture adopted;"
and in the Olobe of the 28th ult., we have the fol-
lowing admissions :
" It is a somewhat startling fact, that of the $61,829
expended in 1861, only $89,500 went for the support of
University College, where the real work of education is
done. The rest was spent in management of tho en-
dowment, the support of scholarships, and in the main-
tainance of what is called the University of Toronto.
The sum of $8,S64 was spent in the Durear's Defart-
ment." — "Between $12,000 and $13,000 are expended
on the University of Toronto, including $6,719 on
scholarships ; $8,273 on salaries ; $1,200 on examiners ;
$1,699 on stationery and printing, [a very large
amount]; incidental expenditure, $1,186. There is
evidently room for {/real reduction in these items." —
" The proposal that the Professor of Agriculture, who
has never had more than seven matriculated students
in any one session, and generally from two to four,
should become an oflBcer of the Board of Agriculture,
and give public lectures in variou!< parts of the Fro
vince, is a judicious one." — " The University funds
■hould also be relieved of the burden of providing
houiee for the Director of the Observatory and paying
a poi'tlou iif Lis salary, in cijtiflilcralluti <.( the vary
liigbt sertii'vi be piiform* ux I'lnfwH'ot of Meteor-
ology." — "We cannot help ^i\TinB. that when the Pro-
vlncn pays for prnfenorH and hiilliihip;'*, fuel nnd liphtd,
tlin friend.^ of ntu'lcnt^ »houli| pny fi'r lioard and IoiIr-
iiig. If m-'hiilmsliipH ai'o to bf n\vv\), howi^vip, in order
to Httnii'i young mun witlilti tliu groves iif thu national
I'nivprslty, tlu'v .shDiild I»* nivon, not to the Kons of tho
tii'h, Itut to thi? p(M)f. niilKTtii It ha'' not been so ; it
liiiM been cnn^iiiiTi'il, wi- at"-' folij, 'inndvi^altin to iilllx
the itigma uf poverty to t!ie holdiT of a Hi'liolarNhip,'
Tho Mimplit unNWur to iUU \n, that If a student does not
lilte tho reputation of bviii!; poor, lie need not accept a
seholari'liip. Poverty in no di-iprsce in tills country,
and tlierx are plenty who will recdvc with thanl(fulness
the assiiitiinee of the Ptato towards their education,
even wlien coupled with tho understanding that their
paren'c ore unable to provide for tliem during their
University course. It is a practical absurdity that the
University should be cncroacldng upon its capital in
order to pay tho board of the sons of wealthy parents.
Let tho rich receive meduls for proficiency, but lot tho
scholarships be given to thoco who need them."- -"If
the Income is syHteinatically exueudud, thu capital will
disappear, and University education will bo left to tho
tender morcle^i of the Legislature, ronnlpulated by tho
sects. We hope tliat condition of affiiiis so direful as
far olT. Hut there in no safety huvc In rigid economy.
There ought to be no mealy-mouthed recard for the In-
terests of individuals in thin matter. If there are in-
competent clerks in the Bursar'H Ufllce, or useless Pro-
fessors in L'niversity College, their services should be
dispensed with. There is no money to spare for drones.
We cannot afford to peril one of our most useful and
important Institutions for the sake of individuals. The
University lands were set apart to afford higher educa-
tion to the youth of Upper Canada, ond not to give
snug places to incapable servants."
We submit to any just man, whether tho Globe,
in tho above quotittions, has not admitted all that
the Petitioners for University reform have com-
plained of, and whether they have not therefore
rendered signal service to the country by bringing
before the public and Legislature facts involving
the greatest misapplication of educational funds
which has occurred in America. In 1854, when
the large sum was appropriated for scholarships
in order to attract students to University College,
Drs. Ryerson and Nelles (as was proved before the
Committee at Quebec), sought to get it reduced,
and then to have it applied in aid of poor young
men of merit ; the Olobe, after having abused them
for years, now advocates the views as to scholar-
ships, which they pressed in 1854. They also con-
tended at Quebec that the Senate of the Toronto
University ought not to cost more than the
Senate of Queen's University in Ireland, whose
expenses of all kinds amount to only about
£500 per annum ; and now the Globe maintains
the very same thing. It must be no small
satisfaction to those advocates and petitioners
for University reform who have suffered so
much obliquoy and abuse, to find tho very Globe
which exceeded all other journals in the severity
of its attacks upon them, now admitting every
material fact which they alleged, oondemning the
Mme extravagance and migappropriation uf wLich
they complained, and advocatiDg the same reduc-
tions and retrenchment for winch they contended.
On the score of cxpenditiirca and extravagaiic**
therefore the case of University ^efornKT.^ is cfetab-
lishedtothe very letter, ami licjond ilie letter,
of their memorials.
It only remains for us to coiisiilcr the plan of
University reform proposed, and the objections
which have been made to it. This will be done
in another paper.
Having shown by indubitable proofs, and the
admissions of the Globe, that expenditures of the
XTniversity Funds unauthorized by law and ex-
travagant in themselves, have been made, we now
proceed to consider the plan of University reform
proposed, and the objections which liave been
marlt! to it. Tbo pl.in of University reform pro-
pose! ii)volvi!'y
duty, to work up to tliat staudiird in all the sub-
jects prescribed, liovv greatly must tlio standard
and character of higher education be improved,
in comparison of a system in which each college
would have no standard or emulation beyond
Itself, and in which tliure woultl be a dead mono-
poly of one college ?
6. It is the best, and indeed the only system, for
developing voluntary efforts and powerful inilu-
encesin behalf of higher education. It is never sup-
posed, except by the advocates of a one-collego
monopoly that public funds arc to defray all the
expenses of University education. The sections
of the community represented by the several col-
leges, erect their buildings, and largely sustain
them, independent of public aid, which, however
liberal, only supplements their own exertions.
And the very influences nhich have contributed
to provide these buildings, are employed to till
them with students. Such exertions nnd influ-
ences, developed and encouraged i)y public aid,
must operate most beneficially upon both the
character and extension of higher educatioi. All
such exertions nnd influences are discouraged and
deadened by the Toronto monopoly system.
7. Uniting the University endowment and all
the appropriations made by the Legislature into
one fund, and aiding the several colleges from it,
is the best for the integrity and economical manage-
ment and expenditure of the Fund. All the sec-
tions of the community represented by the col-
leges would have a common interest in conserving
and improving the Fund, and in securing its most
economical management and application — the
very reverse of what has been done under the
Toronto monopoly sys*»m.
8. The plan proposed of aiding colleges will
put an end to the system of annual grants to in-
dividual colleges, and to all the " manipulation"
and inconveniencei connected with it. These
grants are the only case in which aid to education
is given by an annual vote, and not by a
permanent Act of Parliament. By the plan pro-
posed, the colleges will be aided more effeclually
Upon the principles of equity according to their
works; no denomination will be brought in con-
tact with the Government or Parliament; the efli-
iciency of each college will be tested by the Uni-
Tersity Board examination of its students, and
the public aid to it be determined accordingly.
9. It is the best for the interest of religion. After
all, religion is the highest interest and only hope
of the country, as well as of each individual in it;
nnd religion exists only among and by the several
religious persuasions. Notwithstanding the sneer
of the scorner, no fact is more certain and im-
portant than this. Without the religious persua-
sions, there would bo no religion in the country,
and Canada would soon become what France was
during the French revolution — a cesspool of vice,
a volcano of anarchy, a field of blood. Every
good christian and patriot must desire that the
best educated youth of the country should be im-
bued with religious principles und habits ; and
every wise parent must desire his £"■■ while pur-
suing his education from home, should be under
all the religious influences wldch christian ex-
ample, instruction and oversight can exert upon
him. Whether this is likely to be done in a col-
lege of no religious persuasion, or of some religi-
ous persuasion, can be decided by every reader.
10. Aiding several colleges is the only system
which keeps faith with the terms of the original
endowmetit. In the despatch of the Duke of
Portland in 1797 — seventy years since — communi-
cating the intention of His Majesty George III.,
to set apart a portion of the Crown Lands for the
purposes of higher education in Upper Canada,
the object of the University endowment is ex-
pressly declared to be. not for the establishment
ot (I College, but " of Seminaries of a larger and
more eomprchenaivc nature," (than the Grammar
Schools just before mentioned and provided for,)
"/or the promotion- of religious and moral learning,
and the atudy of the arts and scimees." Whatever,
therefore, is alleged upon the ground of public
faith as to the endowment, must apply to the^ur-
poses for which the endowment was created.
11. To nid several colleges is the only way to
meet the higher educational wants of the country.
It is well known in Toronto, and is stated in the
Commissioners' Report, that notwithstanding the
vast expenditure in the erection of the college
buildings at Toronto, convenience has been so
completely sacrificed to show and decoration,
that " even now, when the number of students is
far smaller than in this growing country may rea-
sonably be expected to assemble within its walls,
complaints are made that the accommodation af-
forded to University College is greatly limited."
It is known that the buildings were specially
erected for University College ; that the name of
the University was used as a means of getting a
larger expenditure and more magnificent build-
ings for the college. The Senate Chamber, so
called, is the Council Chamber of the College ;
the Convocation Hall of the Senate, so called, is
the Convocation Hall of the College. The Senate
does not meet in the college at all, but in a class-
1'
roo
vei
16
room ia Upper Cuuuda College, wberu even de I trained in the doctrines and woriihip uf some re-
grocs have been conferred on students of the Uni- ligious persuasion ) Is tliere any such thing at
veraity. The Globe is riglit in saying that the ex- non-denominational religion or worship? Have
pendituro in relation to the cumbrous niachinory not all the great good men that have blessed
of the University, as heretofore managed, is need- Great Britain or America, been mr'mbcrs of some
less waste. Yet after all the exjjenditure for col- ' " sect," and received, earlier or later, a "sectarian,''
lege accommodations at Toronto, the college , that is a reliyioua, education? There is no such
class-rooms are already crowded to excess. Sup- thing as religions instruction which is not given
poso then thiit all the students attending the by the niombcr of some " .v^^^r, that is a"8ccta-
several colleges of the country, were to come to rian." To ojtpoHo an education, which involve*
University College at Toronto, as the advocates religious instiuetion by some «eet, is therefore to
of monoi)oly contend, where would they find oppose all religious instruction of youth. If
room, and what one professor could teach thorn j "sectarian" worship, (that is worship according to
all classics, what other professor could teach them the forms of some sect) teaching, habits, are good
all mathematics? To deny aid, therefore, to
other colleges, is cither to provide additional
on Sabbath, are they evil on other days ? If a pa-
rent wishes his son to be nurtured in Christian
college accommodations and employ additional ' doctrines, worship and duties, docs he wish that
professors at Toronto, or leave more than half of 1 son to be without any such nurture or even over-
the now college going youth of the country with- \ sight during four years of his education — four of
out any facilities of higher education, unless pro- \ the most critical years of his life ? Will the ob-
vided for them by voluntary exertion. The jector answer these questions? Besides, are Clas-
Oldbe has admitted, that " the University lands : sics, or JIathcmatics, or Chemistry, or Natural or
■were set apart to afford higher education to the ! Jlental and Moral Philosophy, sectarian because
youth of Upper Canada, not to give places to In- i taught in a denominational College ? Is not a
capable servants;" but not one-half of the youth , bushel of wiieat grown by a sectarian as good and
of Upper Canada now pursuing collegiate educa- j worth as much as one of like weight and quality
tion can be educated in the one college at Toron- 1 grown by a non-sectarian ? And is not a given
to, with its present accommodations and present : amount of Classics, Mathematics and other pre-
corps of teachers, notwithstanding the immense | scribed subjects of an University education, of as
expense incurred in providing them. The only
just and effectual, as well as most economical
method of providing facilities for the higher
education of all the youth of Upper Canuda seek-
ing it, is through the several colleges appertain-
ing to and established by different sections of the
people.
(Ohjections Answered.)
A few words, in conclusion, in answer to ob-
jections.
Objection 1. ''To aid the several Colleges is to encour-
age sectarian education."
Amwer. Suppose this were the case, would it
not be better that the youth of the country, edu-
cated or uneducated, — and the more so if highly
educated — should be carefully taught and trained
in the doctrines, principles and duties of religion
as believed by their denomination, than to have
no religious tendency or training at all ? What
would soon be the state of our country, if its youth
were not nurtured in the doctrines, principles or
practice of any religious persuasion — for that is
the simple import of the objection against what
is called " sectarian education." If the youth of
the country are taught in religious doctrine and
worship at a,ll, must the; QQt be taught and
great value to the student and to the country at
large, if taught in a denominational College as if
taught in a non-denominational one ? And is not
the religious worship, religious instruction, and
religious oversight of a denominational College as
useful to a student and likely to be as useful to
the country, as no religious worship, no religious
instruction, nor religious oversight of a non-de-
nominational College ? When both Colleges teach
the same subjects of literature and science and up
to the same standard, if the College of no religion
is supported with both buildings and income, and
the College of some religion is denied even an in-
come, is not the conclusion irresistible that no
religion is to be endowed and some religion is to
be proscribed when connected with higher educa-
tion ? For a man of no religion to make the ob-
jection in question is quite consistent ; but for a
man professing religion to make it, does it not
prove beyond doubt that his bigotry to his own
denomination and his jealousy and hatred of
other denominations having Colleges are stronger
than his convictions of religion itself? When the
objector shall have answered these questions, we
will be prepared to give a still m< re ample answer
to his objection.
16
OhJeeHoni. "To grant piililiu iiiil to dunomluuUonul
ColU'^ei is incoDRiHtent with the fun(iiiniontal principlcg
of our non-denominatioiml oominun school syHtuni."
Aruwer. The reverse is the cnso, as will present-
ly appear. But «)b4crvc, thoro is a wide ditfcr-
ence in the ciruunistances of pursuing common
school and university ediiciition. In pursuing
the former the i)upil is witli his parents six-
teen hours out of twcntytour, and the whole of
Saturday and Sunday, i\nd hnslliurtforo the secu-
rity and benefit of iiniple ]);irentid iind pastoral
instruction and over-^ight ; in pursuing the latter
be is not witlt his parents or pastor from one
month's end to anotlu-r.
Now the objection is founded upon the assump-
tion that the fundamental piinciplu that our com-
mon school system \h non-denominational — an
assumption founded upon an ignorance of the
school law ; for the law provides, and has provid-
ed during twenty years, that there may be a de-
nominational school in every school section if
desired ; it provides also that the Board of School
Trustees may establish denominational schools,
and denominational schools only, if they please,
in every city, town, and incorporated village in
Upper Canada. The law leaves it with the elec-
tors and their Trustee representatives in each of
these municipalities to decide for themselves
whether their schools shall be denominational or
not. What is optional cannot be fundamental,
but must be contingent or incidental.
The fundamental principles of our common
school system are two. First, the right of the
parent and pastor to provide religious instruction
for their children, and that they shall have facili-
ties for that purpose. For this express provision
is made in the law and general regulations. Apply
this principle to the Collegiate system of the
country. Should the United right of the parent
and pastor not be provided for during the years
that the son is away from home pursuing his
higher education, or should it be provided for as
far as possible ? Let parental affection and con-
science reply. Then can the combined care and
duty of the parent and pastor be best provided
for in a denominational or non-denominational
College ? This question admits of but one answer.
The second fundamental principle of our com-
mon school system is, the aid of the State upon
the condition ot, and in proportion to local effort
in each school section. This is a most vital prin-
ciple of the sysi:em, and as a chief element of its
success, no public aid is given until a school-houFe
is provided, and a legally qualified teacher is em-
ployed, when public aid is given according to the
work done in the school ; that is, in proportion to
the number of children tsught and the length of
time the school is kept open ; and public aid is
given tor the purchase of school maps and appara-
tus, prize books and libraries in proportion tothe
amount provided from local sources.
Now, apply tliis vital principle of our system
of common school education to onr system of
collegiate cducaticm. A section of the community
—a denominational or not — provides college build,
ings and employs the ])rofessors. The State
through a University Board prescribes the kind or|
curriculum of collegiate education to be given
and decides upon the amount and merits of the
work done in each college by examining its stu-
dents and determining their degrees, and then aids
each college in proportion to the number of stu-
dents taught and approved. This is the system
of collegiate education which we have advocated ;
and is not this the fundamental principle of our com-
mon school system instead of being opposed to it ?
On the contrary, the advocates of a one-college
monopoly repudiate, in relaiion to the system of
collegiate education, this fundamental principle
of our common school system. They have pro-
vided no college buildings, nor employed profes-
sors, nor done a certain amount of collegiate work,
and then asked for public aid in proportion to the
work done. They have contributed nothing, have
done nothing as a condition of public aid in the
great work of collegiate education, yet, though
drones, and standing with folded arms, they claim
to consume all public aid given for its promotion,
and have even the hardihood to denounce, as sec-
tarian and selfish, the bee-like industry of their
fellow-citizens for insisting upon sharing in the
bread of the common hive in proportion to their
own contributions of educational honey to it I
Now, if the principle of public aid combined with
local effort ia so vital to our common school sys-
tem, and has produced such wonderful results,
why should it be repudiated in our collegiate sys-
tem ? Whether it be a municipal, or a denomina-
tional section of the community that puts forth the
efforts and fulfils the conditions of public aid, in-
volves no principle, is merely incidental, is no part
of the concern or business of the State ; the prin-
ciple of co-operation is the same ; the work is the
same; the education is the same; the public l)eue*
fit is the same ; and the public aid should be tbe
same.
We may also add, that while the system of col-
legiate education we advocated, thus accords with
the fundamental principles of our common school
system, those denominations and parties who have
most earnestly advocated University Reform, have
17
b(um from the beginning, mofit carncflt promoterii of
^.liu common scliool avatom.
OhjrelioH 8. " Your flyatem will IghJ to thf (MtabHnli
ravnt of too many colleguH."
Aimter. Tlie aupply in tliis respect never lias
oxcecded, and in the nature of thingn, never will
exceed the demand. No denomination or section
of the community will incur the heavy expeUHe
and olili)(ation of providing buiidingH and an
ade(iuate staff of professors to teacli tlie subjects
of the pre.M;ril)ed Lniversity eurriculiim, unless
they can command a sufficient number of students
to re<|uire a college. In Cambridge University
tlierc are sixteen competing colleges, and tlie
average number of students annually matriculated
in t'aeh college, is tfiirti/-one. In Oxford Iniver-
sity there are twenty-six colleges, and the aver-
age nunii)er of students iidinitfed per annum into
ea<'li college, is niiu-tecii. The iiiimbcr of (u)lleges.
when not independent I niversilies, but com-
peting C(tllcge8 in one lniversity, increases the
competition, and therefore elevates the standard
and character of the University education given.
Ohjfctiou l. "The (iunominuiions that have no col-
leges will not share in the University funils."
Answer. Certainly not, when the apportion-
ment is upon tlie condition of worli, any more
than a school section tliat does no work can
share in the apportionment of the comuicm school
fund. But no one ever proposed to apportion the
University fund to denominations, tnit to colleges,
whether denominational or not, doing publicly
prescribed University work, and on account of
doing that work, irrc i)ective of llieir denomina-
tional character or v'ontrol. The denominations
not having, or caring to h.ive, colleges of their
own, can send their sons to the colleges of other
denominations nioat agreein;; with them, or to
the non-denominational colhjge more amply pro-
vided and endowed in proportion to the numbers
of non-college denominations than any other col-
leges in tlie country.
(thjerliou !t. "Thchcftils ami representatives of the
SBvornl eoUepcs being roembcrs of the Univer.*ity Board,
will lower the standard of University education."
Answer, The Heads of tlios.- colleges have been
niem))ers of the Senate in past years. It lias been
proved and admitted that the standard of Uni-
versity education liaa been materially lowend
since IHRU, but has been lowerad entirely by
partits connected with or advocating the mono-
poly cf University college; and not «me of the
IIcailM of otiicr colleges has ever suggeated or
advocated lowering the standard of University
education, and some of tliem have lamented that
it has been done.
Olijcriiiin «. "The Senate so largely coinpofrd of
Heads and Reprenenlatives of Collides, they will eon-
trul the University endowment and dispose of it ax they
please."
Autwer. It ia not proposed to give the Senate
the control of the University fund at all, but that
the endowment shall be managed, and the fund
apportioned, by the Government througli its res-
ponsible officers, as arc the Oramiuar and Common
S;;hool Funds.
He it also observed, Ihat whatever has been
said as to the conqiositlon of tlie Senate or any
other matter of University reform, has been merely
suggested for the consideration of theOovernment
and iiegislature, to whose judgment and decision
the whole question is submitted.
To conclude. ( )u reviewing the whole (juestion,
it must be seen how groundless and unjust are
the statements that the advocates of University
reform are seeking to pull down a national Uni-
versity and destroy University College at Toronto.
Many well meaning men have been misled by the
frequency and boldness with which these truth-
less statements have been made l)y ignorant or
interested parlizans. The unanimously expressed
iuilsiment and recouuiieiKiatioiis of the Senate of
the University on the subject arc our ample vin-
dication and comjiletc rerululion of the misrcpre-
senh'.tioiis which havi' oeen propagated on the
subject.
We coniidently appeal to every candid and at-
tentive reader, wliether the system of University
reform which we advocate docs not involve' the
true principles of nationality, of justice to all
parties, of public cooperation with voluntary
effort,— of unity in what is essential, and liberty
in what is circumstantiiil -of a high standard of
University education, and the most economical
and efficient means of widely diffusing it.