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 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
. — ^ — . ^,... 
 
 s 
 
s 
 
 THE 
 
 STATE 
 
 O F 
 
 TRADE 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Northern Colonies 
 
 CONSIDERED^ 
 
 WITH 
 
 An Account of their Produce, 
 
 And a particular DESCRIPTION of 
 
 N O VA SCOTIA. 
 
 Saiuiis communis interefl. 
 
 Cic. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by G. Wood fall at the 7vr;2p'.f-/iVw^, 
 ntar Cbariuz-Crofs. 
 
 M.DCCXLVIJI. 
 
 tj 
 
 
 ii 
 
<»'•> 
 
 r 
 
 4 
 
 iVi 
 
 •* 
 
ss^hha^a 
 
 I 
 
 T II E 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 y§ '^ the foV.oivingJljcrt I'reatifc ivas hajlih 
 ,jtrl icro!>'. It may probably appear i?icorrccl 
 to the yiid/ciouSj but as the Dcjign was 
 to reprcjcjit the Value and Importance oj the 
 Northern Colonies to this Kingdom^ I hope it 
 ID ill anfi^er ■ my Intentions oJ promoting the 
 public Good, 
 
 Their Trade and Produce have not hilbertQ 
 been proper Iv encouraged^ altho their Utility may 
 be eafjly comprehended ; a fmall Bounty on the 
 Jeveral rough Materials they are capable of 
 raifwgy and fl:ippit7g floine, ijcould ^'on ena^ 
 hie them to fupph the Nation ivith a Variety 
 of A'-ticles^in Return for its MafiufaSfureSy 
 which are ?7cw purchafed of Foreigners with 
 Cadi, and imported in their Ships. 
 
 The 
 
 i 
 
 i . 
 
(vi) 
 
 77?^ Seftlin^ of Nova Scotia nai/I in a feiv 
 Tcan remkr the prefent Inhabitants indiif- 
 trioiis and ufefuJ^ whereby it may be juftly 
 (iccountid a mojl "valuable Acqui/ition^ ivhich 
 will be the more confiderable^ as the Conditions 
 cf its Settlement may be fo advantageoujly caU 
 ciliated as to fill it ^without draining our Mo- 
 t her- Country of its Inhabitants, For this 
 Furpofe 1 have dtfcribed the Soil, ^lality^ 
 and Manner of improving the feveral Parts 
 cf it from my own Obfervation^ ivherehy it 
 IV ill appmr hew eafily it may be effect d at 
 a very fmall Charge, compared with the Bene- 
 fits that will naturally refiilt from it, — But if 
 they were doubtful ^ yet the Advantages the 
 French jnigljt otherwife make of this Province t 
 and the IV ant of an effectual Barrier for fe- 
 curing the PoJJrfion^ Trade, and Fifery of the 
 Northern Colonies ogainjl their Effrts in a 
 future IVar, fifciently dernonflrate the Ne- 
 cejjity cf keeping it out of their Hands ^ with^ 
 out being diverted by the Confideration of the 
 'Expencc^ and this is the more obvious^ and 
 important^ as they will always be e^pofed to 
 
 the 
 
 I 
 
 ,( 
 
 4 
 
 \ 
 
 J 
 
 
 ■\ 
 
I 
 
 .1 
 
 ( vU ) 
 
 the Attacks of the French, /rem the Neigh* 
 hour hood oj O^i^Q Breton. 
 
 Imiijl here beg the Reader* s Indulgence for 
 foying a Word in Support of my Remarks on 
 that I (land. 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 7 am fcnfihle that a high Opinion has been 
 conceived of its Worth, and ivith good Rcafon^ 
 from the concurrent Accounts rf both Eiiglifh 
 and FrcncR Writers ; but as the former have 
 been principally copied from the lattery their 
 Veracity may be jairly called in ^lejiion : 
 This I have a Right to do^ Jrom foe exaSiejl 
 Information I could obtain on the Spot, and 1 
 can fafely appeal to the mojl intelligent Perfons^ 
 who have refided there long enough to make 
 proper Obfervations^ to confirm ijubat I have 
 advanced. 
 
 By fortifying Nova Scotia, by oicouraging 
 the Importation of its Produce to be wrought up 
 bere^ and promoting the Fijhery in Tifne of Peace-, 
 by flationing a proper Naval Force there, and 
 on the Coafiof New- England in Time of War, 
 
 this 
 
 \i 
 
 n 
 
 .*„..xjii».?> 
 
1^ 
 
 ( vlii ) 
 
 this Kingdom mav ficurc to iffdfall the Ad* 
 vnnuiiies that couli have' arof'from the Po/~ 
 J?//:'on of Louiibiirg, ^t a Irfi Ex/>tm:e than 
 ivonld have been re'juifUe for keeptng fo large 
 a Fortrefs /;/ Repair, and drjending it ^ivith a 
 proper Gainfin, 
 
 Settling of the C ipe Siible Shore, loiU //;/- 
 dotibtedly make a IVrnfar's Cod- F/jhery prac- 
 ticable^ and tnay joon become nioi e conjidera'o 
 hie than any that ever hen been prc/ecuteJ^ 
 and as the Fifi caught and cured in thai Sea- 
 Jon exceed all others, they will of cowfe come to 
 a better Market in all Parts oj the IVcrld, 
 
 oris LITTLE, 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 AM 
 1, 
 
 i? 
 
 
 ii» j F I ' — W i l t Jil l W» W» 7r<>— yWW U-JiM W Ki W^ t i*** 
 
 !l 
 
 T n E 
 
 p' 
 
 lit 
 
5 
 
 I 
 
 T II E 
 
 STAT 
 
 E 
 
 G F T II E 
 
 North'/fjnerican Trade, and Settle- 
 ments confidcrcd ; 
 
 With a particular ACCOUNT of 
 
 N O V A SCOTIA 
 
 11 
 
 m 
 
 RE AT- B R 1 Tyl I N has en^ 
 
 joyed the Benefit of a mofl cxten- 
 five Ccmmeicc, fincc the Difco- 
 very of Americdy whicli, if pro- 
 perly attended to, v/'ll contribute tnorc to 
 ks future Intereft, than any otlicr Branches of 
 I'rade, by enlargiiig the Demand for all it.^ 
 
 LVTanufavflures, and inrreadng the Means of it^i 
 
 \ T. 
 
 ,\av 
 
 iil !• 
 
 \ ,-\\' 
 
 .:)rc.e. 
 
 B 
 
 M 
 
 J' ; 
 
 1^. 
 
If 
 
 !» 
 
 '«./ 
 
 ( '0) 
 
 •iir 
 
 That tlic Riches and Strength of this 
 
 .- h 
 
 Nation depend principally tm its Commc?Vtc 
 wilh foreign Cuuntrics, and its own Colonies, 
 IS a FdO: that nccd:^ no Illnflrauon , it being 
 equally tmein Regard toall trading Kingdomr,; 
 for the liicreafe of Wealth and Power has 
 generally been proponlonate to the Enlarge- 
 ment of their Trade, and Ilillory fully 
 provjs, that Ruin and Defolation have al- 
 ways attciulcd tlic Iiofs of it 5 tho mod 
 fiOiiridiii'-g ire indebted to it for their Cran-- 
 deiir, and the moll opulent and powcifiil 
 have been undone l»y the Ntolcct of it. 
 
 As every State In Europe feenis dcfiront 
 of increafiiig its Trade, and tlie Acquiiition 
 of Wealth eiilargcs the i\Lans of Power, it 
 h iieccfiary, iii Oider to prefcrve ^\\ luinality 
 wi^h theipi, that this Kingdom extends its 
 Commerce in propcrticn -, but to acquire a 
 Supwiiorky, due Encotiragcment ought to be 
 given to facliofits Branches, as will mod 
 EftcdiJalJy cni ich its Inhabitants^. 
 
 i 
 
 » 
 
 ?.... 
 
 
 Its 
 
 !l5t 
 
 As 
 
 «««* 
 
this 
 
 n^c 
 
 
 ITI^ 
 
 has 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 . ( '> ) 
 
 As Trade enp'^'-s tlie Subjc^^. to fiipport 
 the Ad minlft ration c r Govcrnriicnt, the Icf- 
 Iciiing or dcftroying that of a Rivdl, \us the 
 fame effcvH:, as if thlr. Kingdom had cnlir^^cd 
 tlie Sources of its own We.dth j it is evident 
 from Iicnce, that it is not fu llicicnt to fupport 
 the Credit of a Country with its Neighbours, 
 that its Commerce be cr.l.irgcd only, unlcft 
 its Incrcafe be proportionate to theirs : But, 
 as an Afcendcncy is to be irained bv checkings 
 the Growth of theirs, as well as by the In- 
 crcafe of its own, whenever one of thefe 
 happens to be the Conrc.]iicncc of tlie otlief 
 to this Nation, its Figure and Reputpitiou 
 will rife to a greater Ilciglit th ;n ever. 
 
 My Purpofe being to iliew how fir thc{<s 
 good EfFecls may be produced by encon raging 
 the Noi'th'Amirican Trade and .Scttlemeiu-^, 
 1 ihall confine mvf.lf to th-ofe Branches 
 which are capable o\ the gi-eatcfl Imnrove- 
 nient. 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 % 
 
 H 
 
 B 2 
 
 That 
 
( J2 ) 
 
 If 
 I. 
 
 i : I 
 
 Bf^l 
 
 '1 
 
 1 , " 
 
 
 u 
 
 ir 
 
 f 
 
 ii 
 
 "Fhat ^Z'^ Riches of a Country confijl in the 
 Number of its Inhabitants^ is an ExprciTion 
 that drops from the Pen of every Writer; 
 but it mull always be underflood, that thofe 
 Inhabitants are properly employed, and fui- 
 tably encouraged ; for, othervvifc, it would 
 appear to be on O'id Poiirion, that a Country 
 ilnould be called rich, when ic is only 
 filled with Vagabonds and Beggars. 
 
 But when it is canfidr:rcd, that the Northern 
 Colonies, in lefs than 'avt Years, have loft above 
 (even thoufand of its moll: adive and induilri- 
 ous Inhabitants by their uncommon Ardour 
 in exerting themfelves for the public Good, 
 befides a Habit of Idleu'jfs that has been con- 
 traded by a large Body, wliich has been 
 long in Arms waiting for Employment 3 to 
 which may be added tlirce thou (and morc^, 
 who having entered on board his Majefly'? 
 Ships of War, and Privateers, are never like 
 to return; their Lois will appear almoll in- 
 valuable, and not to be repaired Ljt by re- 
 placing a much fupc^rlor Numl^r of Men in 
 
 the 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 Ijl in the 
 Kpreffion 
 Writer; 
 lat thofe 
 and fui- 
 it would 
 Country 
 is only 
 
 '^rorthern 
 Dll: above 
 indurtn- 
 1 x'\rdour 
 c Goodj, 
 ^cn con- 
 uis been 
 )ent 3 to 
 d more, 
 vL;jefly'? 
 :vcr like 
 moil in- 
 ; by re- 
 Men in 
 
 t I)C 
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 the Country. From the apparent Connexion 
 between the Northern Colonies and the IVcfi^ 
 Indies^ and their joint Relation to this King- 
 dom, it is evident, that the Incrcnre of In- 
 habitants in the former, wil), contribute more 
 to the common Intercll, thi'n employing the 
 like Number at Home. This, one of the 
 moft accurate Writers * en the Sabjedl, has 
 demonflrated to be nearly in a Proportion of 
 ^st to one i from whence it follows, that 
 the before-mentioned Lois is equal to that of 
 fifty thoufand Labourers and Artificer* here ; 
 and in reo;ard to thofe Colonies vaftlv exxced? 
 the Grant lately made them by Pa: liamc.'nt, as 
 the Value of their Labour for three Years 
 only would have beta equal to that Sum ; 
 and notwithftanding a Jealoufy has been fVe- 
 cuently excited on account of their Growth^ 
 it will appear, that the Commerce and Na- 
 val Power of this Kingdom will greatlv 
 depend on their future Encouragement and 
 Protedion. 
 
 The 
 
 I; 
 
 ii 
 
 
 * M^.rVoidon Trade, 
 
 J-'^S^^SiSpshftt 
 
( H) 
 
 «■ * 
 
 The ?olicy and Wilrioni of a Govern- 
 ment difcovers itfelf in nothing more evi- 
 dently, than by proportioning its Influences 
 fo astofupport and chcrifh the Giculation oi 
 Trade, and Manufadiires, in its minute 
 Parts, as well as us large and more opulent 
 Members ; the fmaller Wheels in a Machine 
 being as necefTary tomake it iifefal as the largefl:, 
 and commonly require the niceft Skill of the 
 Artificer in their Regulation : A nd without a 
 due Regard be had in every State to the Trade 
 f iis Individuals, there is the greatefl: Dano;er 
 of the v^eaker Parts being oppreffcd by the 
 flronger j and whenever tiiis happens, the Ex- 
 tremities are fure of beino; the fiilL and c\ene- 
 rally the grcatefi: Sufferers, as by their Re- 
 motenefs from the Vitals, tb.ey feel kfs of 
 their Ii;fiueiices, and labour iongcfi: under 
 their Diilrefs ; and although Diforders of this 
 Kind do not immediately aff^-dl dij whole, 
 yet the fmallcPc Obilruftiuns, if not f:-afopa- 
 bly removed, oficn produce a general Stag- 
 
 liatlon, and may prove as dangerous to the 
 political, a.^ to the natural Body, 
 
 It 
 
 
1^ 
 
 4, 
 
 (IS) 
 
 It may not be improper to obferve, before I 
 proceed any farther, that fome Perfons, either 
 through Prejudice, or for Want cf better Infor- 
 mation, are too apt to iniinuate, that great 
 Care ought to be taken^ left thofe Coloniea grdv 
 too powerjiily and jet up a Go'^'jernment of tleir 
 tvon. This is fo far froin having the leaft 
 Foundation to fjpport it, that J. am pofitive 
 no People on Earth are more firinly attached 
 to their Prince, than they arc to his Majcfly 
 and the prefcnt Eftablifliiiient, being ailPr*-- 
 teftanis, who iiave ever manifefled ths 
 greatell Abl;orrence of Popery, by which 
 Means Roman- Catholics have been always 
 deterred from fetding in the Country^ and 
 their conllant, and repeated Demon ft rat ion 2 
 of Zeal and Loyalty to the Brit If b Govern- 
 ment, are fufhcieiit to clear them from e\T:ry 
 Afperfion of this Kind ; but to make th;; 
 Matter more evident, it may be obferved. du/: 
 if thev were ten Times niore popi::un:;, 
 find wealthy than diey are at prefenr, r^o Mo- 
 tive could be urg d of liuucicni \¥iig;u io 
 induce them to a Rcvi.>U . rr'tbcr thi 
 
 '%:, 
 
 i'W 
 
 ^i»^ 
 
ti 
 
 ( '6) 
 
 Love of Liberty, Force of Opprcffion, Bur- 
 then of Taxes, or Defire of becoming more 
 powerful, could polTibly influence them to 
 ftruede for Independency : For if the Love 
 of Power and Liberty lliould be taken into 
 Confideration, 'tis apparent that they enjoy as 
 great a Share of both as any of his Majefty's 
 Subjedls, and much more than if they were 
 an independent Government ; for, in that 
 cafe, they mufl: be fuppofed to put thern- 
 felves into the Hands of fome foreign 
 State, which could proredl them from the 
 iuit RcfcnLment of this Kingdom ; and it is 
 well known that is not to be done -, but if it 
 coukl, to whom are they to apply that would 
 continue to tli*:'m the Liberties they enjoy 
 now ' No People in their Senfes would fub- 
 jcvit themfclvcs to the Fnvich, Spaniards 
 or Dutch, with a View of Iccuring their Pii- 
 
 TranqMiliry than they at 
 
 vilefics wi 
 
 th 
 
 cr',■e'^\r^ 
 
 reater 
 
 preient enjoy them •, and iliould they aiui at 
 abfolute independency, the Expence of de- 
 fending thcmiclve^; woLiId inlinitely exceed 
 any tiiey Iv.'^vc ever yet been fubjedt to, and 
 
 iij'ieed. 
 
 ■J 
 
 f 
 
 4 
 
f 
 
 %1 
 
 c 
 
 •■^ 
 
 o 
 
 '*., 
 
 ',!' 
 
 'C 
 
 
 o 
 
 13 
 
 ■I 
 
 4; 
 
 » 
 
 'i-i-v 
 
 I 
 
 ( 17 ) 
 
 indeed, they could not iubful without th« 
 Protedion of their Mother Coaiitry. 
 
 As to any Difcontents that might arifc 
 from Opprcffion, or the Burtlien of Taxes, 
 they are fubjcdl to none but fuch as refult 
 from Laws of their own making, an Indul- 
 gence they elieem themlelvcs fecurv^d of un- 
 der a Proteflant King, and which gives them 
 a Share of Power equal to their D-lires; and 
 as their very Being, in a manner, depends 
 on this Kingdom, their Trade is fo clofely 
 connedled vvitli, and o-iwftcJ ua it, that no- 
 thing would fo effedlually ruin them, as to 
 be deprived of it, for were they to be iup- 
 plied with European GooJs by any otlicr 
 State, the Ditfcrence would prove fatal to 
 them. Upon the whole, nothing can, nor 
 ever will, prevail upon thern to attempt, or 
 tliink of a State of Indepcnderx'v, v/hilll 
 they enjoy the Freedom of Erj^/ifl Siibjedts 
 under (o happy a Confiitution. 
 
 But if, after all, it be thought dangerous 
 to fuftcr the C.V/loniei to e.row too h.rg-e, left 
 
 C 
 
 they 
 
 I 
 
( i8 ) 
 
 they fhoiild take It into their Heads to revolt, 
 'tis pretty extraordinary that neither the 
 French^ Dutch nor Spafiiards have ever been 
 difcouraged from promoting their American 
 Settlements -, their Cafe is widely different 
 from ours ; w^ere the French or Dutch Co- 
 lonies, for inftance, to revolt to the EngUJfj^ 
 It would fcarce be poflible for France or 
 Hollr d to regain them ; but as to the Spa^ 
 nifh Dominions in America y not all the Force 
 of Old Spain, if it was contiguous to that 
 Continent, would be fufiicient to reduce 
 themj and although there is fcarce a Native 
 of America that is fuftered to hold a Port of 
 Profit, they wear their Chains with great 
 Contentinent ; but to fuppofc a People fub- 
 jedl to none of thefe Grievances capable of a 
 {ingle Thought of fitting up fur thcmfelves* 
 is branding them with a Di(|.Hjljt}on fo foolifh 
 and unaccountable as cannot well be con- 
 ceived. 
 
 V 
 
 
 To fliew what may be iavtd to the King- 
 dom, as well as gained by its enlarged Trade 
 to the Northern Plantations, 'tis to my Pnr- 
 
 pole 
 
 
4 
 
 l» 
 
 [ 
 
 ( '9 ) 
 
 po(e to obfervc, tljut the Si'.gar-Colonics could 
 not fuhri.l: wi-hoiit tlicm : M)i\ of the Ma- 
 terials for their Buildings and Works, as well 
 as Provifions, Cafk for Spirits, Sugars, MolofTe?, 
 &c. come from thence, and that tliey 
 conflantly fend the greateil Part of their 
 Effects home in New- Eng la nd-hmh Ships, 
 without which they would not be able to 
 bear the Duties paid in this Kingdon^., by 
 reafon of the exceflive Price of Freii<hts. 
 
 This, if rightly confidcrcd, will appear to 
 be an Article of great Itnportanc- in regard 
 to the French JVe/l'Indies, Mr. AflAey has 
 very juffcly obferved, That, ' Ihould Planta« 
 •^ tion-built Ships be difcouiiged, Freight 
 ^ would be fo dear, as to lofe the BritiJJs 
 *" Nation one of its greated Advantages over 
 ^' its Rivals in Trade, — a Jew Freight *, and 
 
 * from the great Traffick of the Kingdom, 
 ' they mull: be compelled to buy Materials 
 
 * for building of Ships, of Foreigners, with 
 ^ Calli, inflead of their own Manufadures,, 
 '' to the enriching of fuch Foreigners^ and the 
 ' Diicouragemcnt of our yhnerican Coiomes : 
 
 C 2 ^ Tha' 
 
 III 
 
 
 '."^sm^^w^^im 
 
i 
 
 1 'i 
 
 ?c*! 
 
 Tliat iaftc'id of prejudicing that Branch of 
 Bufiiiels liere, the refitting and finiOung 
 Plantation*built Ships often gives as much 
 Advantage to the Shipwrights, as the build- 
 ing of new Ship':. The French take the 
 Benefit of our PLintation-built Sliips to 
 ' carry their Sugars to Spai?!^ and commonly 
 
 * pay for them in the Produce of their own 
 
 * lilands, and have, in this InAance, a very 
 ' great Advantao^e of us. '* I'hat the favin": 
 ^ of a Shilling or Eighteen- pence only per 
 "' Hundred in the A.ticle of Freight, would 
 ' go near to enable as to under- Icll them at 
 ^ foreign Markets, if the Ships employed in 
 "^ the Sugar Trade were indulged with the 
 ^ fame Privileges, as thofe which are conv- 
 •^ monly called A5l bbips. That the flou- 
 '' riming State of the Erittjh Commerce, 
 ^ and ihc Revenues arifing therefrom are, ia 
 ^ no frnall Degree, owing to a Icvj F>rigbt^ 
 ^ occa/ioned chicHy from our building Ships 
 ^ Jo cbcop in r,ur American Flantations, 
 
 * That fnice the French flruggle io hard to 
 ' gather Strcn2;th in jFne^-ica. furelv it is the 
 •* inie Intereu of ihii Kinjjdom lo do io too, 
 
 snd 
 
 i 
 
i 
 
 ling 
 
 inch 
 
 lild- 
 
 thc 
 
 to 
 
 •> 
 
 ia 
 
 [ 
 
 (21 ) 
 
 and to encourage its Northern, as well as 
 its Southern Colonic?, fo that they nvay 
 both contribute to the Support and Benefit 
 of their Mother Country. *^ llje Northern 
 Cohiies arc a great Sutfort to the Naia! 
 Power dJ/' Great- Britain, andajjifl^ in a great 
 mcdjiirey in giving us a Superiority at Sea 
 ever all other Nations in the Ifcrld: Tl)ey 
 fupply the King s Yards with great Quan- 
 tities of Marts, Yards and Bowfprirs infiead 
 of thofc of foreign Growth, with Pitcli, 
 Tar and Turpentine, for all which iin- 
 nienfe Quantities of Goods are exported 
 from Great-Britain, which prevents five 
 Times the Value thereof from o-oinp, out of 
 the Kingdom in Caili to Sj,cJen, and other 
 foreign Countries.' 
 
 All the Articles with which the Britifb 
 Wt' J}' Indies are fupplied, require a great 
 Number of ArtlHcers and labouring]!; Men io 
 fit them for Shipping j and thoy are in fiich 
 Demand, as to be the mofl: confidera- 
 ble Branch of the Neiv-Englaud T\^ade, al- 
 tliougli the Price of every Arlick U iO hi^>h, 
 
 ft 
 
 ««ym?ir/-7S 
 
( 22 ) 
 
 as greyly to afFcd the Value and Increafe of 
 the lyeji^hidia ProJace i but if the Price of 
 Labour in the Northern Colonics could 
 be reduced fifty fer Cent, the lyejl-Judia 
 Iflaiids would receive all their Supplies fo 
 much cheaper as to be able, .n thirty or 
 forty Years, to double their Remittances, 
 and, confct]uently, the Duties paid on Im- 
 portation. 
 
 If the Trade of the Northern Colonies is 
 enlare;ed, an<l the Number of their Inhabi- 
 bitantsincie iLd, their Demands and Abilities 
 to pay for Britijld Goods would be propor- 
 tionable. 
 
 > 
 
 1 .- 
 
 i 
 
 But the Price of the feveral Commodities 
 with wliich tlie Sugar-Colonies are fupplied, 
 and thofe which are returned to England^ is 
 much higher tb.an if the Country was fuller of 
 Inhabitants, the Wai)t of which dilables tlic 
 ^'lerchant from {hipping its Produce, but to 
 his own Lofs, unlcfs he carefully attends to 
 fuch Articles as, by a Fluctuation peculiar to 
 Trade, come to a better Market at one time 
 
 than 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 i^ 
 
 
> 
 
 (23 ) 
 
 than another ; but were the Price of f.aboiir 
 reduced, every Cargo he f hipped would ftjnd 
 charged at a lower Price, and he would be 
 enabled to pay more for his Goocis in Efig- 
 land as foon as they are purchaled. 
 
 The Reduction of the Price of Freidit 
 from the Wejl- Indies^ by incrcafing tlie 
 Number of bhips, is an Artidc of great Con- 
 fequencc to the Sugar Iflands, in which they 
 cannot well be cafed, but by Means of the 
 Nortbcrn Colonies, for their Conl-jri-iption of 
 BriiiJJj Manufadtures is fo inconfidcrable, 
 compared with the Eftcdlis they ^c\-\d Home, 
 that the Owners of VcfTcls here muH; fit them 
 out for the common Profit of F'reiq^hts from 
 thence only 5 but the Merchants in Nrd'-E/zg- 
 AzWare conflantly employed in building Ships 
 for their Correfpondents in this Kingdom, 
 which are full freighted from Bo/ion to the 
 IFefl-IndicSi and very often the Profit is equal 
 to, and fometlmes exceeds that of the Freig!)t 
 to England, fo that the Increafe of Ships will 
 not only oblige them to carry their Freights 
 
 chej|)er 
 
 '», 
 
 
 m 
 
 Twmwf'm 
 
I 
 
 { 24 ) 
 
 cheaper, but will occnfion a conftAnt and 
 large Supply of all die North American Pro- 
 duce, by which they will be enabled to ia- 
 creafe their Stock, fettle new Plantations, 
 and, in a few Years, pay double the Duty 
 here npon the Produce of their own Illands, 
 which is an Event th^t principally depends 
 on the Incrcafe of Inhabitant in the Northern, 
 Colonics. • • . . 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
 The eaficr to comprehend the Certainty 
 of tliis Obfcrvation, it is nccciTary to cad our 
 Eyes a while on the French Sugar-Idand^:, 
 whofe Supplies have commonly coft thcin 
 thirty or forty />t'r Cent, more than our own ; 
 !]Otwiihllanding which, the Progrefs they have 
 made fince tl\e Lk. War, hVh lair forfupply- 
 ing all Europe with Sugars, and whenever 
 they are furnidicd with the Pro<.iuceof A^^r//?- 
 America^ as cheap as ourlflandr., they will 
 be able to underfell us at all foreign Markets. 
 
 An Objedion has often been made again (l 
 promoting the Intereft of the Northern Colo- 
 nies, op account of the inconfiderable Pro- 
 portion 
 
 
1 
 
 ( 2S) 
 
 j[)ortlon tlicy pay to tlic public il'.vcim<5, 
 
 lir.twithfLiiulIng it Is pretty cvid.'iir, tlj.it nji- 
 
 tliL't the Southern CoiotUvL', nor ilyj //V//- 
 
 Inriics would be able to pay am' Duiios al i'ill> 
 
 were it net for the $ii[^plics and AiUllance (f 
 
 the former : But luppofiivi; tliiii was r^iOt the 
 
 Cafe, and that the NorLhem Colonic.^ yearly 
 
 receive /Jx Jmiuircd t'aoufand Poiin»ls in Url'- 
 
 Hjh Manufadures, which are paid lor in fuch 
 
 Articles as arc coiifunicd in EiighniJ^ and pay 
 
 no Duty ; on the other Iiand, xh^JVell- India 
 
 Iflands yearly receive the Value oifour humlr^'d 
 
 ihoniand Ponndsin Briiijh iV'huuifaduic?, and 
 
 remit fix hundred thoiifand Pounds SterliiVc^!; 
 
 in Sugars, &c\ tliat pay Duty here, this 
 
 Kiniidom <i;ains more bv the forawr than 
 
 the latter ; this follow.-, froin the D.itv'^ beir/.^ 
 
 paid finally by the Coninmcr j tor Vvcrc it 
 
 taken off, certainly the I*riee orSiig.ir:, v/oald 
 
 fall in proportion, and^ onfequendy, the whol;^ 
 
 Amouni: of the Duty v/ould be laved by ibe 
 
 Confumers ; and vv;is it to be laivi on k\\:^ 
 
 Produce of the Nonb.ern C;>l'j;Mes in tl;e 
 
 lame Proportion, ;'il the Difference would 
 
 I) 
 
 COiiUlt 
 
<9 't 
 
 If 
 
 <•'■ 
 
 lis 
 
 P. : N>'1 
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 confifl in fiiifting the Pavnicnt from the Con- 
 fumevo o[ the foruicr to the Conluniers of the 
 latter, and 3x1 the Sxibjcd pays it here in ei- 
 ther Cafe. 
 
 But wliiit moft nearly concerns the Interefl. 
 of Great-Britain is, the furprizing Progrels 
 the French have made, and are fo intent in 
 purfuing, by Means o\ tiicir Plantatioji-^ 
 Trade .; it is evident, that the Supplies oi 
 Provifjonb from Ireland^ and bodi i^rovifioiis 
 and Lumber from Neiv- England^ have been 
 no inconfiderablc Means of th^dr Grovvtl]* ^ 
 but to leave them botii out of the Qj^jeRlon^, 
 the French are endeavouring, by ail pofiible 
 Means, to fnrnifii themfelvcs with thefe 
 Articles from tjieir own Northern Colo- 
 nies, . •" 
 
 W 
 
 Tlie EngliJJ:) were, for fomc time, poHtf- 
 fed of the Sea Coall: of North- Anwrica^ 
 before the F;v;/t,6 had made any corjlidera- 
 ble Progrefs in it j they at firil lijti:l.*d on the 
 North Side of the River 6V. Lai^rcncc, and 
 
 have 
 
 i 
 
 I*- 
 
 "' *■•!»■ 
 
i 
 
 have extended their Scttleaieiits to the Moiitli 
 of M,'//i//pi River, cnliivritiiig tlie llrided 
 Harmony with the Natives by ii\tcr-Mar« 
 riages, and profelytin;^ them to thv-^ Romijh 
 Faith by which Means they iiiaiijt.un a regu- 
 lar Correipondence throngh Icverul Lakes, and 
 large Branches of thole Ilivers, for near eight 
 
 V hundred Leagues, on the B.ick of all the 
 
 'Englijh Cok^nie.s ; tliis no: only makes th^-iri 
 Mafrersof the /^//rr-Trade tliroiig-h tb.eCon- 
 tiiient, bnt will in Time put it in their 
 Power to furniih France, and tlie JVeJi- 
 Indies, with all Sorts of N:;vai Stores, Ships, 
 
 f# iron, Hemp, Flax, and every Thing elfc 
 
 they are in Want of that is produced in North 
 America, 
 
 I- 
 
 I am fenfible thofe Parts C'f New France 
 that lie in ihe mofl Nortlit'rn Latitudes, are not 
 likely to produce many of thofe Articles ; 
 but as ihey claim a Trad- of Land of vail: 
 Extent, ^jiz, from New Orleans on the South. 
 10 the Latitude of fixty Degrees North, 
 whicli is above Jix hundred Leagues ; and in 
 Breadth from the Strcisfhts of Be Hi lie u\ 
 
 D 2 lo \- 
 
 Sb'< 
 
( J« ) 
 
 T.cnr,itnde ^fty-fcvcn WcP., to tbe Lake D^ 
 Bois v> not ids ijoiii Ecifr. if* VVcH-, than //",v 
 hundred Lear!;MC!^, evci'v thina; is to be 
 found in it that the En^jijh Colonics can 
 boall of. 
 
 Thus the French have aitfally expended 
 tlieir Lines within cur Colonies, not only 
 with a Deiign to cut off onr Commnificafion, 
 and trade with tlie Natives, but to croud 
 fuch of iheni into the Sea, as are too weak 
 to make a ilehilaijce, and, finally^ to mailer 
 tlie -vvhole Cciitinent. 
 
 This is not an Event that n^ay if^-^mi praOi^ 
 cable in an Aq^c, but yet the Continuan.ce of 
 the fame Zeal and Care in promoting lltcii 
 Scttlemev-is for thirty Years to come, wliich 
 has fo manifefiiy evinced itf'jlf for thirty Years 
 pafi, wonld render it nodiijicult Undertaking ; 
 bcndes;, the ambitious Views of France le.ive 
 no room to donbt, but they v/ill attempt 
 what their Inteie(i lo evidently calls for ; it is 
 br yoiid Dispute, lui their Proceeding on this, 
 
 Plan 
 
 % 
 
 ■.',i> 
 
 III 
 
D^ 
 
 can 
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 Plan will foon put it in their Power -, the 
 PolTeilion of Nova Scotia only lor twenty 
 Years in peace or War, would be no incon- 
 fiderable Means of cfiedting it. 
 
 
 § 
 
 ) 
 
 Should the Britifj Colonies be negleded, 
 or not equally countenanced with the French^ 
 Of to make it worfe, (iiould an unfcafonable 
 and groundlefs Jcaloufy be the Means of 
 checking their Growth, and difcouraging 
 their Settlement^, wlnlft the French are fn-i- 
 ving with all their Might to cherilh theirs, 
 and Ipare neither Artj Labour nor Expence 
 to make them confiderable, furely no one can 
 doubt but the Event mull prove fatal to 
 
 U3. 
 
 It is evident what Strefs tlie French lav 
 upon North /Imerica^ from the immenle 
 Sums they have expended to iecure tlicir 
 Poffcffions, and to reduce ours to tlieir Obc- 
 dience j ti\e Charge of fortifying Louhburgh 
 and Quebec, the Penfioni^. and Salaries yearly 
 paid in taiuida^ the Lofs attending Duke 
 X)'^&'i'//7t *c' fruitlele Attemrt on Ivy^n Sco/iij 
 
 •A 
 
 t 
 
(■ I 
 
 I 
 
 ii w 
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 and Cafye BrCiO}?^ and the great additional 
 Oiie ot" their Fleet the lill: Year, mnil amount 
 to an imiiienfc vSiini ; one tenth Part of which 
 expended in the fetding of Nova Scotia^ 
 would l^e produdive of liich Advantages in 
 the Incrcafe of the mofl valuable Branches of 
 Trade, as would exceed the whole Expence 
 the French have been at in promoting and fe- 
 curing; their Colonies. 
 
 The Wbab-Fiihcryj which is now totally 
 negledled, mi^lit be rendered very profitable 
 if properly attended to j how this Natioa 
 lliouki iiave diicontinued it fo long is difficult 
 to account for, but it may be obferved, iince 
 the Merchants here decline it, that the Man- 
 ner of hlting ' '•:lTels, Boati;, Craft, and killing 
 the Fiiii, ill pradice amongft the A^'i:-'- 
 JEiV/^'Z^vJ-Men, exceeds that of any People 
 in Europfj makes their Succefs more cert?ui 
 and their Voyage>^ Icfs cxpenfive, but the 
 Want of Seamen prevents iheir profecuting of 
 it to Advantai?;e5 by truisferrln2: this Bufinefs 
 from the Dutch to the Colonies, they might 
 not only Supply Great -Britain with Bone 
 
 and 
 
 
 / i 
 
Int 
 
 ( 31 ) 
 
 and Oil for home Confumptlon, but with 
 large Qnantiiies for Exportation, and incrcalc 
 the Demand for Britijh Manufidlurcs. 
 
 After having thus lightly touched upon 
 thefe Points, 1 pre fume it will be agreeable 
 to give a brief Dcfcription of the Northern 
 Colonics^ more particularly of thofe Parts 
 which are moil commodious for new Settle- 
 ments. 
 
 
 • 1. 
 
 NEV/^ENGLAND is bounded by 
 New-Tor k on the Weil:, New France oii 
 the North-Well:, Nova Scotia on the North- 
 Eall:, and the main Ocean on the Eafl and 
 South, extending about one bimdrcd and twenty 
 Leagues from Soutli to North, and eighty 
 Leagues in Breadth from Eafl to Weft 3 thefe 
 Limits comprehend four difterent Govern- 
 ment% viz, the Provinces of the Mafjdchu- 
 fets Bay, and New Hampjhire^ the Colonies 
 o^ Con?2e6liciity and Rhode-ljland \ the Pro- 
 vince of the Majfachujets being much tlie 
 iargtfl, contains ieveral Diih-idts of I'erritoiy, 
 as the late Colonics of the Maffachalet^ and 
 
 New 
 
 «* 
 
 M 
 
( 32 ) 
 
 New Plymouth, tlie Province of MatJt^ the 
 Country called Sii;radehQc and King'b Coun- 
 ty, King all the Lands between the Province 
 of Main^ and the River St. Croix ^ which is 
 the welleru Boundary o{ Nova Scotia j New 
 Ilamppire is a llnall Provinc:e, having little 
 more than twenty Miles of Sea Coafl, and 
 ipreads its Jurifdic^:ion, by a late Refolution 
 of his Majelly in Council, on the Eick of the 
 Majjachufets Province a> fir ab the ErigliJJj 
 Claim extends, between that Province aiid 
 the Province oi Main ; Conncclicnf^ bcinp; 
 about iiveniy LeapTics f.]r.ar<:% is bounded l)y 
 the Sea on tlie Soull)^ New Tork on the 
 Wert", the MalJacbujit' ou the Noith, and 
 Rhodc-lluind o\\ the Call -. llb/^dc-ijliiiul beinir 
 the fmalleil: of the lour in ]vxl::!ir, ii bounded 
 fouthcrly by th': Sea, and i:^ furruundcd b-y the 
 Moffachufds and Conneclicut on its odier 
 Sides. 
 
 col 
 Fi 
 
 NOVA SCO riAc^uih ^^ox^^ Novih 
 to Soutli about o?ic ijundred and liventy 
 Leagues, and from Eait to V/efl about cue 
 bii?2dredy compreh'inding ail the Laird be- 
 tween 
 
 11 
 
(33) 
 
 tween Cape Sahle antl Canfo on tlie Soutli- 
 Eaft, and the River of St, Lawrence on the 
 North- Weft ; and befides its being equally 
 commodious with Neufoimdhind for the 
 P'ifliery, its Harbours are fo numerous and 
 fine, as not to be exceeded in any Part of the 
 World ; It abounds with Salmon, Trout, 
 Eels, and feveral other Sorts of frefh- water 
 Fifli, a great Plenty of wild Fowl of difFe* 
 rent Sorts, its W^oods are flocked with Dcer^ 
 Rabbits, and an uncommon Variety of furr*d 
 Animals, its Soil is very fertile, producing 
 all Kinds of Grain, and Provifions ; The 
 Country is covered with Afli, Beech, Elm, 
 Firs, Maple, Cedar, and Pines fit for Naval 
 Ufes, and abounds with Lime-Stones and fine 
 Qj-uurics for Building. 
 
 CAPE BRETON lying a little to 
 the Eaftward of this Trad, is neither fo 
 fertile, nor fo capable of Improvement, as it is 
 both rockv, cold and barren, aboundin;? 
 neitlier with Furrs, nor Timber for buildinp' 
 of Ships, its principal, if not only Advantages 
 confiftjng in its Situation, and FLui)ou^-, wliich 
 
 E are. 
 
 ill 
 f 
 
 ,v 
 
"# : I 
 
 
 (34) 
 arc In the Center of all the Fifliing- Banks on 
 the North American Coafts. 
 
 The Ifland of NEWFOUNDLAND 
 lies between the 46//^ and 52^/ Degree 
 of North Latitude, and is about three hundred 
 Miles in Length, and near as broad, is fur- 
 rounded with Fifliing-Banks, and many fine 
 Harbours, is very commodious for the Fiflic- 
 xy, having every Convcniency for promoting 
 it, and by its Situation, being the mod 
 eafterly Part of North Amerkay has the 
 Advantage of all other Parts, on account 
 of its Nearnefs to the European Markets, but 
 it is not likely to admit of any great Improve- 
 ments, the Climate being too cold, and the 
 Soil but indifferent. 
 
 As there is very little Difference in the 
 Temperature of the Air, in the leveral Parts 
 of Neiii^Enghmd^ fo its feveral Produds, and 
 Aptnefs for different Improvements, vary 
 but in a few Particulars, tlie Southermoft 
 being mofl natural for Corn, and the 
 
 Northern 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 » 
 
( 
 
 
 I 
 
 ( 35) 
 
 Northern for gracing, imd afford a much 
 greater Plenty of Timber and FiHi. 
 
 The Wejl'lndia Iflandsare furniflied from 
 hence with Horfcs, and feveral Kinds of live 
 Stock ; Flower, Bread, Peafe, falted Beef, 
 Pork, Codfifh, Mackrcl, Herrings, Cyder, 
 Butter, Onions, Oil, Turpentine, Ships, 
 Timber, Plank, Boards, Mafts and Yards, 
 Bricks, Shingles, Staves and Hoops; the 
 Southern Colonies with Rum, Ships, Deal- 
 Boards, Bricks and E2^rc?/>^^y7 Goods; Nenv- 
 foundland with Rum, Moloffes, imported 
 Salt for the Fifhery, and all Sorts of Provifi- 
 ons ; Great'H^ritam and the refl of Europe 
 with Codfifh, Ships, Train-Oil, Whalebone^ 
 Deer-flcins, Peltry, Staves, Mafts and Yardsj 
 Pitch, Tar, Turpentine, raw Hides, Bees- 
 Wax, and Bay berry Wax, the Profit of all 
 which feveral Branches of Bufinefs finally 
 center in this Kingdom. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 In thefe Colonies, the Lands which are 
 already cleared of Timber, and improved for 
 Tillage andPaflure, are very far from yickU, 
 
 E 2 
 
 1^3 
 
( 36) 
 
 ing tuch Profit to the Owner, as they aifi 
 capable of, for Want of Manuring, and 
 being properly fiibiiivided into fmallcr Allot- 
 ment?, which the great Price of Labour now 
 jiKikcs inipradlicabie ; but as Nature has fur- 
 piihcd tlje Country with fcveral Sorts of 
 IVIarle and Sea- Ware, whenever the Farmer 
 has been able to enricli the Soil with them, the 
 Produce of his Lands has paid his Expence, 
 and greatly raifcd their Value, yet by Reafoii 
 of the Scarcity of Labourers, very few can 
 bear the Cliargc of (o neccflary a Cultiva- 
 tion ; but by increafing their Number, ths 
 Country mav foon be enabled to do it, and 
 corirequently to fupply the Weft-India lilands 
 at a much cheaper Rate than they can now. 
 
 ^ 
 
 "> 
 
 A Number of Irihabitants fcttL:d on the 
 uncultivated Lands in No^'oa Scotidy would 
 not be able to furnifli themfeives with Provi- 
 fions for the firll Year, but as the Country 
 is full of fine Harbours, Lakes and Ri- 
 vers, the Lands are covered (as was before 
 chferved) with Timber, and the Sea-Coafl: 
 flcntifully (locked with Fifli and wild 
 
 Fowl, 
 
 > 
 
(37) 
 
 Fowl, it will foon be in their Power to fupport 
 
 thcmrdvcs *, 
 
 
 the 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 It will be of great Confcqucncc to the firft 
 Settlers in this Country^ that in clearing and 
 fubduing their Lands, they will be paid for 
 their Labour, by converting the Produce into 
 Ship-Timber, Planks, Malls, Deal-Boards, 
 Shingles, Staves and Hoops, all which may 
 be carried from their Plantations to Market, by 
 Vcflels that will fiipply tliem with Horfes, 
 Cattle, Swine, and other Neceflaries, to flock 
 their improved Lands. 
 
 With thefe Advantages, *tiseafy to forefee" 
 liow foon it is pradicable to bring forward 
 new v:ettlements in a Country^ which is fo 
 well fiirnin^ed with Supplies, and is fo near 
 
 Bojlon^ 
 
 * The French King has conimojily defrayed 
 the Charge of Tranrporting his Subjeds to 
 America^ and maintaining them a Year af- 
 ter their Arrival ; and the Intercil of this King- 
 dom never called for a more neccfikry Expence, 
 tlian that of fettling this iVovIncs v/ith PrO" 
 tcdants. 
 
 1 
 
 
!l!' 
 
 I ill 
 
 It 
 
 f 38 ) 
 
 So/^orr, a Market that will always take off 
 their Produce, and (bon enable them to raife 
 their Provilions, to build their Hoiifes, and 
 flock their Plantations, and in a few Years 
 to export many valuable Commodities in 
 A^eficls of their own, whilfl they are pro- 
 moting the Trade of their Country, 
 
 ' ■>■ .'. ' ^ ■ 
 
 From what has been faid it will appear, 
 that if New- England and Nova Scotia were 
 fully inhabited, and the Lands brought under 
 Improvement, they would be able to furnifli 
 the JVt'fl-lndies with Provifions, and o- 
 thcr Supplies in larger Quantities, than they are 
 capable of cxporiiig now, and their Remittan- 
 ces to England would not only become more 
 confiderable, but cheaper to the Merchant, 
 by reducing the Price of Labour, 
 
 The Advantages that may arid", to this 
 Kingdom from Icveiul other Imprcjments 
 in the Northern Coloiues^ when they are 
 fully inhabited, is w orthy of a particular At- 
 tention J the CGuntrj is every where very apt to 
 
 produce 
 
 ^ 
 
( 39) 
 
 produce the bed of Flax, and In many 
 Places is natural for Hemp, both which 
 are Articles of very great Cjnfcqucnce to 
 this Kingdom, as the Manufadtare of 
 Linncn-Cioth within it, bears but a fmall 
 Proportion to its Confumption. It 
 would foon become very confidcrable, and 
 lelTen the great Importation of Linnens from 
 Germany^ Ilollandy &c» and the lad: 
 brought home to be wrought up into Cor- 
 dage and Canvas, 
 
 The great Plenty of Iron Ore in many Parts 
 of the Country^ will enable them not only to 
 fupply this Kingdom with va/l Qucintities of 
 Pig-Iron, but Iron in Bars, cheaper and equal 
 in Goodnefs to the beft Spanijh or Sivcde''-:- I- 
 ron, which laft, according to a late Calculati- 
 on, draws above tivo hundred thou j and Voviw^^o 
 yearly from the Kingdom in Money, and 'tis 
 well known thut if Labour was reduced a 
 quarter Part in New-England, they could fnr- 
 nidi a Quantity equal in Value to that Sam 
 cheaper than 'tis now imported, and receive 
 their Returns in Britijh Goods ; 
 
 And 
 
 4' 
 
m 
 
 (4O 
 
 i! 
 
 And laflly, it will enable them to 
 fecure the Cod-fifliery to this Kingdom^ 
 by making it more beneficial and extenfive 
 than it ever has been, as the Proceeds of 
 their Voyages will be remitted to Efigland in 
 Cafli, and the Demand for frefh Supplies of 
 its Commodities will be increafed, and its fineil 
 Nuriery for Seamen enlarged. 
 
 There is one Article which has excited die 
 Jealoufy of this Nation more than all the 
 Improvements the Colonies are capable of pro- 
 fecuting, that is, the raifing of Wool, and as 
 this has never been properly reprcfcnted, I 
 conclude it may be acceptable now ; the In- 
 habitants of New-England and Nnv-Tork are 
 fuppofed to con fume one witli another thiriy 
 Shillings Sterling yearly in Britijh Manufac- 
 tures, two Thirds of which confills of Wool- 
 lens, and according to Mr. hondon^ Pam- 
 phlet, in proportion to their Numbers is equal 
 to the Confumption within this Kingdom j 
 It will appear from his Calculations, tlvat {he 
 hundred tboufand Packs of Wool weigh- 
 
 in 'I 
 
 o 
 
 ;1 
 
 in 
 ei 
 at 
 
 w 
 
(41 ) 
 
 ing two hundred and forty Poiind$ Weight 
 each, are yearly wrought up in Great-Britai?!^ 
 amountiu'^^ to tive7ity-one Alillio?is^ ot wnich 
 more than one half bein^ exoorted, the Num- 
 her of Inhabitants, at trccnty Shillings each 
 Perfon, exceeds the Value of the Remainder j 
 This may be cafily demonTaated, by com- 
 paring the Number of People in theie ColO' 
 nies^ amounting to four hundred ihoufand^ to 
 the Value of their Britijh Importations, which 
 is above fix himdred tloufand Pounds yearly, 
 from whence it follows, that they annually 
 confume more Woollen Cloaths than an equal 
 Number of Inhabitants in this Kin2;dom ; 
 but as they are knov/n to raile Wool in 
 New-England, it will be a Queflion, what 
 becomes of it r to which it may be anfwered, 
 that the Winter Seafon being commonly 
 longer, and feverer than it is here, the Inha- 
 bitants require more Cloaths in proportion, 
 which may be eftimated at a fixth Parr ; be- 
 fides their ufual Employments being very dif- 
 ferent from thofe of fcdcntary Artiiicers, and 
 indoors Manufadurers, may well be fuppofed 
 to enlarge their Coafumption, 
 
 I' It 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 if 
 
( 42 ) 
 
 It will appear from the foregoing Compu- 
 tation, that thefe Colonies produce about two 
 thoujand Packs of Wool annually, which is 
 four himdred and ninety-rJne Times lefs in 
 Proportion to the Inhubitanrs, than grows in 
 Grrat-Britain. This Account may the more 
 eafily be credited, by comparing it wiih the 
 Number of Sheep commonly flaughtered in 
 the Courfe of each Year, obierving, that as 
 they are faiall, their Fleeces do not weigh 
 above tizo Founds one with another. Bur It 
 inay ferve more effcdually to remove all Ap- 
 prel^enfions of the Colonies being ever able to 
 prejudice this Nation in the Woollen Manu- 
 fadure, to obfervc, that their Sheep are 
 not onlv liable to various DiflemDers, but are 
 iliort-llv'd, and their Wool is of a very coarie 
 Staple ; for wlien the Winters from Year to 
 Year admit of little or no Variation, they are 
 frequently fui^jed: to a cutaneous Diforder, 
 which being renewed with every Spring, 
 caufcs an Itching that feldom leaves them 
 till they wear off their Fleeces by frequently 
 rubbing thcmfeives againil every thing that 
 
 prefents 
 
 Sl 
 
.ompu- 
 
 Dut two 
 hich is 
 
 lefs in 
 ows ill 
 ie more 
 iih the 
 ered in 
 that as 
 
 weigh 
 
 Biu it 
 ill Ap- 
 able to 
 Manu- 
 ^p are 
 )iit are 
 
 coarie 
 ^ear to 
 ey are 
 forder, 
 'pring, 
 
 them 
 aently 
 2; that 
 :efents 
 
 1 
 
 f 
 
 \ 
 
 
 1 43 ) 
 
 piefents itfclf to View, and when die Wea- 
 ther proves dry, and Iioctcr than common, 
 they tear their Skins as well as Coi s, and 
 are foon Fly-blown, rotten;, and dcihoyed 5 
 this has j^often proved lb onitagioiis as to 
 end in the Deilrudion of half the Sheep 
 in the Country j and when the Winter 
 has been lon^^er than ufaal, ^tis a greac 
 Doubt whether their LolTes don't exceed their 
 Increafe, for ic has twice happened within 
 twenty Years, that a third Part of all their 
 Stock has been carried oft by the extreme 
 Severity of the Weather, 
 
 It is unconiinon to eat any Mutton in the 
 Country of more than tiiree Y"ears Growth, 
 from whence it f3llows, that mdead ofllaugh- 
 tcring one fifth of their Stock yearly, a.? is 
 computed to be the Ca(e here, they coiidime 
 a third Part, and their Fleeces fallin'i; ih.ortone 
 Jlalf in Weighty they m-ud neceirarily raife 
 four Times the Nuniber of Sheep to producs 
 an equal Quantity ^:i{ Wool j bu: the Coarfe- 
 nefs of its Staple, which exceed^ that of F-'e.'i:b 
 Wool, puts it out of ti)eir Power to fabricate 
 
 F z fine 
 
 ! 
 
 ■Xi. 
 
 ll 
 
 ! 
 
 \ . 
 
 i 
 
( 44 ) 
 
 fine Cloatbs j and its Shortnefs renders it of 
 little Ute but to be wrought into Stock- 
 ings, and an ordiiiary Cloath which is more 
 expenfive, and kfs durable, than a much finer 
 imported from hence. 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 u' 
 
 Jt is evident from the preceding Account, 
 that *tis thi: Profit of their Mutton, rather 
 than their Fleeces, that induces them to raife 
 any Sheep at all -, whenever their Lands 
 have been enriched by Manuring, they find 
 that the raifmg of Bc^ef, Pork, and Corn, which 
 are Articles of Exportation, as well as Home 
 Confiimption, is of giXater Advantage ; for 
 the whole Bulinefs of Hufbandry and 
 heavy Cauiiges being performed by Oxen, in- 
 ilead of Hones, the former are doubly ufeful^ 
 and after a long Courfe of Servitude, by two 
 Years Idlenefs and Fattening, produce Beef 
 that would credit the Stalls in Leadeji-^ball 
 Market. 
 
 The Increafe of Inhabitants In ^hefe Cck^ 
 nies will then appear io far from being inju-» 
 rious to the Woollen Manufadury here, that 
 
 it 
 
 If!;- 
 
 
 ?i' 
 
^rs it of 
 Stock- 
 is more 
 Ich finer 
 
 ccount, 
 rather 
 
 to raife 
 I^ands 
 
 ley find 
 
 , which 
 Home 
 
 ;e ; for 
 y and 
 xen, in- 
 
 by two 
 ;ce Beef 
 
 ien-hall 
 
 (e Cclo^ 
 
 OP 
 
 c inju- 
 re, that 
 it 
 
 I: 
 
 ^^ 
 
 (45) 
 
 it will contribute more to promote it, than 
 fupplying an equal Number of People in any 
 other Part of the BritiJI: Dominions j biit 
 if it iliould ever be otherways, it wil:i proceed 
 from NecefTity, rather than Choice ; for Jf 
 they are properly encouraged in raifing df 
 Hemp, Flax, Iron, and other rough Materi- 
 als by a fuitable Bounty, and in thofe Branches 
 of Trade and Navigation which are not pre- 
 judicial to the gciicral Interefl of the King- 
 dom, their Advantages would be infinitely 
 greater, and their Labour lefs, than if they 
 profecuted the Woollen Manufadtuiy -, but 
 if on the contrary, thefe fevcral Articfcs are 
 totally neglcded, they will be rendered inca- 
 pable of makiiig Remittances futiiclcnt to per)' 
 for Britifh Cloaths, and muft of Courie 
 manufiicSlure the befl they can for thcmfelvcs. 
 
 The general Advantap;cs that will arlic 
 from fortifying and fettling No^'.^a Sc:.tLi^ 
 are to be confidered as they rcqard thu* 
 Views of France as well as Grait-Britahi. 
 
 Th 
 
 'I; 
 "■ki 
 
( 46) 
 
 The French have artfully hboared t<i 
 make the moil of the Nova Scotians^ ever 
 fince their Subjccllon to the Britijh Crown ; 
 they have not only fccured to them the En- 
 joyment of their Religion and Eftates, but 
 take Care to furnifli them with Prl'^.H-s, who 
 teach them to believe from their In fuicy, 
 that they are the Subjeds of Fran(:c, and they 
 have always been equally ufeful to them j be- 
 fore the prefent War, they ijot only rijpj3licd 
 the French at Loidsburg with Proviiions, but 
 with Wives, and were very ferviceabie to 
 them in their Fidiery, in pilutini^^ their Vcilels, 
 and affiftlng them in their Fortificaiions ; and 
 finceits Reduction, have all contributed to fup- 
 port, and many of them have adually joined 
 a Body of French and Indians^ m order, if 
 poiTible, to get Poirellion ol Annapolis RoyaL 
 
 The Zeal and Attachment of thefe N'-zva 
 Scotians to the Rom/Jh Faith, will always pre- 
 vent the Settlement of Protrflndts in ihc 
 Country, unlefs it be done in compad- Bo- 
 dies, and under the Cover of Fo: tificatiotiS ; 
 
 but 
 
 It 
 
(47) 
 
 but till this Is accomplillied, it can no mort 
 be faid that the Province belongs to tlie Crown 
 of Great-Britain^ becaufe it is poffelll'd of' 
 Annapolis RoyaJ^ than of the Kingdom of 
 Spiiin^ from our Poflcflion of Gibraltar, 
 
 m 
 
 It is therefore abfolutely necefTary for the 
 Safety and Interefl of the Northern Colonies^ 
 that feme fpecdy, and effedlual Meafures are 
 taken, to put thcfe Nova Scotians on a diffe- 
 rent Footing, or to remove them ; the lafl 
 cannot well be done, and the liril in nothing 
 better than by encouraging a conliderable 
 Number of foreign Proteftants, and others, to 
 fettle amongft them. ' . .- 
 
 This will ruDt only be of Immediate Service, 
 but in a few Years will produce various good 
 Ef^eds, as the Country abounds with Pines 
 Cind Firs, it will be capable of fupplying 
 this Kingdom with the fined Deal-Boards and 
 Timber of all Kinds, in Veflcls of its own, 
 which are now imported from Norway, tlie 
 Baltic, 6cc. in foreign Bottoms, and drains 
 ihe Nation of immenfc Sums of Money j tins 
 
 if 
 
 i 
 
ii i 
 
 (48 ) 
 
 is not only pradlcable on the fird Settlement 
 of the Count rv, but in the Courfe of a few 
 iJears w'U become a fteady and ufeful Branch 
 of Bufinefs : But if none of thefe good Confe- 
 quences enfue, yet fettling the Province. with 
 Protcflants is of the greatefl: Importance, as 
 the French will otherwifc continue to cheriQi 
 the prefent Inhabitants, till they exceed the 
 Number, and are of more Confcquence 
 than thofe of Cajiada, and it requires no long 
 Time to effed this, in a Country whofe In- 
 habitants are not only very healthful, but very 
 prolific; it mufl furely be deemed impoli- 
 tic then to fufFer fuch a Colony of French Bi- 
 gots to be reared up under the kindly Influ- 
 ences of a BritiJJj Adminiftration, to cut our 
 own People's Throats whenever the Prieji 
 Ihall confecrate the Knife ;' notwithftanding 
 they hardly know the Name of a Tax or Du- 
 ty, their ^uit-Rcnt beifig but a Trifle, and 
 thofe who are at a great Diftance from Anna-^ 
 polis, have feldom paid any • in the mean 
 time, they have on all Occafions manifefled 
 a Contempt of the Brki/rj Government when 
 they could do it with Impuraty, or were too 
 
 remote 
 
 *i 
 
(49 ) 
 
 remof-e from tliat Garrifon to fear their P^e- 
 kiitivicnt. 
 
 % 
 
 It therefore liiglily concerns tliij Kinf;^- 
 dcrn, tliat ionic leafonablc Steps b^ tak' n to 
 prevent their future Growth, and Lkicc- 
 tion ; but it is very diflkult to attcnipr, and 
 iJniofl iinpclTible to efiedl their Removal, 
 v/idiout Bloodl'hedj and \i diey were ciiipoi- 
 fclled, tiiey would be a very great addirloinl 
 Strength to Canada and Cape Bt' ;, as we 
 could not prevent their fetlliug in thofc 
 Places. 
 
 It fcems then more tliiMblc to continue 
 them in the Country to permit them t(; hold 
 fucli Lands as are under adual Improve- 
 ment, and to which they can make out a clear 
 Tide, for 'tis beyond Difpute but they 
 claim m.uch larger Tradls than they have any 
 Right to. 
 
 Their Ell.itcs arc held by Patent from the 
 French King, for v/ldch they pay a very 
 fiiiall Acknowledgment, their Right u'as re- 
 
 G le:vcd 
 

 >\ 
 
 (50) 
 
 ferved to the ni by the Articles of Capitulation 
 at tb- Rtdnltion o^ A"'!/7fclis,?.nd wasF'r.ally 
 ratified by the Treaty of Utn\bt ; but as no 
 civil Govern men t bus f^c.- been eflrbliiiied 
 there, they have no more lo do widi their 
 new Maflers than to pay their Q'ut-Rent, 
 which in the whole Province doesiiu., amount 
 to forfy Pvimh a Year, 
 
 When the Form of Government was cfta- 
 bliflicd, which is now exercifed there, ihe 
 Inlhudions to the Governor and Council were 
 copied from thofe of Virginia^ whereby the 
 Power of granting Lands is veiled in them, 
 and is reftridled to fuch Conditions, as have 
 hitherto proved a great Difcouragement to 
 his Majefty's Subjeds ; for tlie Patentee is not 
 only obliged to pay a Penny Sterlifig per 
 Acre for the whole, but is fubjcdt to a Penny 
 more whenever the Government fliall demand 
 it, and unlefs he has built a Houfe, and 
 brought Part of his Lands under Improve- 
 ment within three Years from the Date of his 
 Grant, he forfeits his Title : This attended 
 with the conflant Obftrudrions which both 
 
 the 
 
 It 
 
ition 
 :ally 
 
 "> no 
 iiied 
 
 heir 
 lent, 
 ount 
 
 I 
 
 1-1 
 
 Csi ) 
 
 the Trench *, and Indiam have made In Preju^ 
 dice to any Protcllant Settlements, when com- 
 pared with the eafy Terms on which Lands 
 are granted in other Parts of North America^ 
 evidently accounts for the prcfent Situation of 
 the Province. 
 
 Since it is apparently for the public Inte- 
 reft, that the growing State of thefe Nova 
 Scotians fhould be checked, that they fliould 
 either be rendered uleful, or prevented from 
 becoming dangerous to the other Colonies, it 
 cannot more cffecftually be done, than by 
 ereding fuch Fortifications, as will keep their 
 mod populous Towns in Subjcdion, and at 
 the fame time ferve as a Protedion to the 
 propofed Setdements in the Province ; a more 
 pijrticular Defcription of which feems nccef- 
 
 G 2 fary 
 
 * It has aUvriVs hecn found imoravbicaljle to fettle 
 here, without entering into a Contcft with the French^ 
 who either have a real, or trump up an imaginary Title 
 to the fame Spot ; and if that fails, the Indiam are furc 
 to challen;;e the Property as Lord: of ti;e whole. And 
 ,adccd 'tis difficult to detern:,ine what Ri^ht the prefenf 
 Jnliabitanls have, or how ex'enilve it ii\ without a fpc- 
 c5al Enquiry and Survv'v, 
 
 i! 
 
 if 
 
 ? 
 
 p.e 
 
( p ) 
 
 i*\ry ii» order to carry fo ufeful a DL'figii inl(5 
 F.vcLUtion, 
 
 -^i-» O U T fvcntccn League.- Nortli from 
 Cape t)i>bu% l]\c I'lntrancc of tJ^c Bay of Fuu-- 
 
 fly a>:iiinciitCR, where it is about iivcjity 
 Lca^v^-ies wiilc, and cxlcndinj); near forty 
 l.engi:er, divide? ilfclf inro two Blanches, one 
 Of wr.ich tcniiinntcs in icvcral Rivers, that 
 dilcha! yc theirJelves i'^to Minns IJuV, and the 
 ether running more Northerly to CL\"rnccfo, 
 forms an Iflhniin c^^ diat Name between this 
 Branch and the Kiy c)'i Verty wliich enipiic.9 
 itlclf in the GliU of iSV. Laivrcncc, 
 
 7h^elve I ea^ucs from the aforelaid Entrance 
 Cn the South Side; of the Bay, lie? the (nit of 
 Junatolis. which is about three Quarters of ,i 
 Mile wide, and a Mile and an half long, on 
 each Side of which the Land is very moun- 
 laincus and rcxky ; the Tides are fo impetu- 
 o'lS- as often to render this a dangerous Paf- 
 faae for lar-c Veflels, but when they are once 
 j>j, iunoit dcliehtful Haibournrercnt^ itfelf to 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 V 
 
 levv. 
 
 ^■i 
 
(53 ) 
 
 View, called the Biifon of AnrnffJU^ fiom 
 the iiraciual Dcclivltv of the; Lands fiiricund- 
 Vi\z if) htins: ahoiit three I.x;rj;:ics in LciietU 
 from North EaH: to Suiitii Well, and tio in 
 Width, with fafc and commodions Ancho- 
 rage in niofl: Parts of it fur all ihe Ships In 
 'Enghmtl ; on its South Side arc two fniall Ri- 
 vers of httic Co:;fcquence, and tlic Land 
 is mountainous and rocky ; on ihc North- 
 riall Side a little Illand Ibnvis the luitrance 
 of AnnaloUs' River, Vv'hich continues naviga- 
 ble for lar^^-e VcHclti on th.at CoLuic about tc}i 
 Leagues. 
 
 At the Mouth of th.Is River are Icvc: ;il 
 fmall iremb Villages, ironi whence 'tis a. 
 bout tTjo fliort Lea;.?;ues to ylnnaiolls Ro^\iU 
 which flands on a Point of I/.;iu], fonr.ed h^j 
 thir, and another fuiall River that ranges ,1- 
 bout Soudi Ead' : The Situaiion of thib For- 
 trefs bt:i?^g elevated /'Iv/y or f.^'jeiity Feet above 
 the Level of tb.e River, and ii;ar.d;n2; on 
 its Bank, renders an Attack v(C{\\ Ship; jb- 
 mod: iaipradicablc, for the Strength of ilic 
 Tides makes It vcrv diilicuii- for tr.cni to 
 
 
 il 
 
 ! 
 
It 
 
 ( 54) 
 
 moor, unlefs it be in the Eddy or Counter- 
 tide, w'hkh brings them too near the Shore to 
 do aiij Execution. 
 
 As it is iituate on a Level with the 
 
 Campahi, there is nothing to prevent the 
 regular Approaches of an Enemy on two Sides 
 of the Garrifon j it is mounted with about 
 forty Cannon on four Bajiions^ and has a Bat- 
 tery to command ihe River ; its Ramparts 
 are of Earth, covered with large Stocks of 
 Timber towards the Fofje ; and it might make 
 a good Defence, were its Powder Magazine 
 Bomb proof, which is doubted j and as feve- 
 ral of the other Magazines and Barracks 
 are built of Timber, its Garrifon might eufily 
 be burnt out : Tis defended by about one 
 hundred and thirty Men, exclufive of the 
 A^t'ic-E/Z^/rzW Auxiliaries, who, in theCourfe 
 of two or three Years, have, in a manner, 
 reb'iiU the Fort, under the Direction of the 
 Engineer *. Upon both Sides of this River, 
 fevcral pleafiint Villages are fcattered for thirty 
 Miles, containing about three himdred F^Lml- 
 lies, who being aw'd by the Garrifon are the 
 
 moll 
 
 * Mr. Coidey. 
 
] 
 
 (55) 
 
 moft, if not the only tradlable Inhabitants 
 in the Province. 
 
 On the South Eaft Side of the Bay r.f /v/;/- 
 dy about thirty Leagues from the Entiancc of 
 Annapolis^ is the Bay of Minas^ a Nauie de- 
 rived from the Report of ionie Vdl'iuble 
 Mines having been dilcovcred ui its M :lgh- 
 bouihood, being twehc Leagues lon^ md 
 dho^jit three in Width, into which the Rivers 
 CaJiard, Caobegat^ Pijegat^ and fome others 
 dilcharge ihemfelves. 
 
 On the oiher Branch, and at the Head of 
 the Ba)\ are feverul Villages, and about three 
 Leagues up a narrow and deep River llands 
 the Town of Cbigne6i0i or ChigncLlicOy a. 
 Corruption, as it is faid from Le C---r:!^no?2 du 
 Col \ here are about ^i^'o kti7:i!red ^dinWks^ 
 the Coantry is very healthy and pleafant, fur- 
 rounded with fine Meadows, which on its 
 Wed Side -^re more extenfive than any thing 
 of the Kni in this Part of the Woiki, and 
 abouniJv with Rivers, that at High -water 
 are navigable for large Vellels ; to the North- 
 ward 
 
;^> It ' 
 
 m 
 
 .1 ■..«. 
 
 ( 56 ) 
 
 ward of this Place, runs the mofi; mpkl, nrd 
 the lono-ef]: Branch of the B.iv of Fnndv. a* 
 bout North North.- Ead into tlie main Land 
 which the French now call Gafpafm, or 
 which are Ibme fmall Village?, but by reafon 
 ol the Bidncis of its Navigation, tliey are 
 very little known ; on the North Side of the 
 Bay, about eight Leagues below ChigncBo^ 
 and upon a navigable River, lies a V'illi^ge 
 called Chipotee, containing -.xhowt Jixty oije- 
 "ccnty Families j from whence for r.car for-^ 
 tv Leacmes, the North Shore affords neither 
 Harbour nor River that is navii>;able for lar- ^^ 
 Veffels, the Sea Coafl bcinn; verv inouiuain- 
 ous, and (kirtcd v^ith Rocks and Precipices, 
 affords a diiarrceablc Profnedl to Navi'/a- 
 tors. North troin the Er.try of J!>:?7ri-0iis 
 lies the nne River of .SV. JobUy v.'ith a capa- 
 cious Road for Ships at its Entrance ; en tlie 
 North Side of which is a narrow Strci'.ht, 
 not a Piilol 5i"i0t over, tliro' wliich tli'.re 
 is no pafling but at the Top or tlic Tide, 
 when the Water is upon a lycvd, at otlicr 
 Times the Fall h {o confideiiiblc, erpcclally 
 at low V/ater, as to make a Dclcent of near 
 
 fr» 
 
 //: 
 
 
a* 
 ,and 
 
 on 
 
 lion 
 
 are 
 
 the 
 
 ler 
 
 4 
 
 »;». 
 
 ds?) 
 
 thirty Feet, being lined on both Sides 
 by a folid Rock, and having nioie than forty 
 Fathom of Water in its Middle ; this 
 River fpreads itfelf about half a Mile in 
 Widths and with a gentle Current towards 
 its Outlet admits of a delightful Navigation 
 for large Ships Jijiy or Jixty Miles into the 
 Countrv, and much farther for fmall Vef- 
 fels ; from its feveral Branches the IndiaJis tra- 
 verfe this Part of the Continent, by tran- 
 fporting their Canoes by Land acrofs fome fliort 
 Spaces, caird by them Carrying Places : 
 Here arc no more than three or four French 
 Families, the Forces from Ne'uo-Eugland ha- 
 ving deflroyed all their Settlements in the lafl 
 War, moft of the Inhabitants removed to the 
 other Side of the Bay j a few Leagues fur- 
 ther Weftward are feveral fine Harbours, a- 
 mongft which is Harbour VJLtaiig^ fo called 
 from its Refemblace of a Pond, as it is fur- 
 rounded with Highlands, irs Entry being 
 deep, narrow, and fi-ee from Danger, and 
 its Surface always unruffled ; this is near the 
 River aS/'. Crolx^ the Wellern Boundary of the 
 Province^ from whence tg New Hamtfr> 
 
 1 1 /Zv/r, 
 
 4 
 

 hi 
 
 r 58 ) 
 
 Jhirey the Sea Coafl is covered with Iflands 
 that almoft form a continued Harbour for 
 
 near ttvo kundred Miles. 
 
 From the Entrance into the Bay of Fundy 
 to Cape Sabk\ there are feveral fine Rivers 
 and H.irbourG, rndtwofmall Villages; from 
 Cape Sable^ fo called from the Sand Banks on 
 its Shore, to Canjo^ the Iflands and Harbours 
 are fb numerous as not to admit of cither De- 
 fcription or numing, the mod confidcrable of 
 which are ChcbuBoy Maicgajh^ Port R^^Jjignol^ 
 Fort Mutton^ Port k Have, Port Rozoir^ 
 Jjifcon'hci 11 arbour^ &;c. and Canfo^ vrhich 
 at p:cf<:nt f^ive only a3 a Retreat to fifliing 
 VeiTv'I:^, and others in bad Weather, or to 
 wood and water 3 a few flragling Savages^ 
 who {lilit their Habitations as the Seafons for 
 Fiflilng and Hunting vary, are the only In- 
 habiiantG en this extenfive Coaft, 
 
 i 
 
 i! 
 
 ^ 
 
 From Canfo^ a navigable S'reigh% called 
 from it the Gut of Caiijo^ fevet ^ the Ifland 
 cf Cape Lreton from *;ie Cri' vnent, and 
 !wadb iiUp the Bay of ^/. La.:;.)iCif on the 
 
 i 
 
( 59 ) 
 
 South- Well: Side of which is Tatamagauch^ 
 a very good Harbour, where the Frc?ich for- 
 merly received their Supplies of Catde and 
 Provilions from the Nova Scotians for Loinf- 
 boiif^gy and it is one of the ^Ci^ciX and Ihortell 
 Comnmnications they can have with thefc 
 Inhabitants ; from hence about te?2 Leagues 
 North- Weft, lies the BLiy of Vert before- 
 mentijned, on which, and all the Eaftern 
 Si(ic of the Province, as far as the Mouth 
 of Catiada River, lie a great Variety of fine 
 Rivers and Harbours very litde known to 
 us, as no Perfon has ever been employed by 
 the Government to attempt a particular Dif- 
 CO very of them. 
 
 Prom this Dcfcription of the Country, fe- 
 verai Places will appear necedary to be \ox^ 
 tilied, ©f which I ^hall endeavour to point 
 out the molt convenient, as well :^s uiolc 
 which are moil: commodious for brinL\in^ for- 
 ward the propoicd Setikmcnts. 
 
 :a« 
 
 
 Cci'ifo and ChchiLcto on the Sea C.xid of 
 *. ■ 
 lhi;i Province, naiuraily pa-fint th.Tiilaves 
 
 H 2. firft 
 
(6o) 
 
 firfl to Confideration 5 the former from its 
 having been a long Time improved in the 
 Fifhery, and having once had a wooden 
 Blockhoufe, and a fmall Detachment of 
 Troops for its Protedtion, and the latttr for 
 its fpacioiis and fine xiarbour, and having 
 been the Ilendczvous of Duke UAnvillez 
 Squadron, 
 
 Caiifo is convenicntlv fituated for the Cod 
 Fifhery, but claims the PrefereiKe to the 
 other on no account but its having been al- 
 ready improved, and probably fooner known: 
 But this lafl greatly exceeds the former 
 in feveral Refpeds, 'viz, its Situation, its 
 Harbour, and Aptnefs for Agriculture, 
 
 Its Situation is fuch, that it has a iliort and 
 eafy Communication by Land witli all the 
 Settlements on the Bay of Fiwdy, is equally 
 commodious for the Fifliery with Ccmfo^ and 
 is more in the Way of all Ships paillng to 
 and from Europe to New~Engla?ki that may 
 occafionally, or by Strefs of Weather feek a 
 port for Shelter, or Relief. 
 
 Its 
 
 
( 6i ) 
 
 *l 
 
 Its Harbour gives place to none in the 
 World, and by its natural Form, and an 
 Ifland at its Entrance, is capable of being well 
 defended by a regular Fortincation, 
 
 Its 
 
 and 
 the 
 
 % I 
 
 ii 
 
 i 
 
 Its Soil exceeds that of Ca^^/d, and hv the 
 Vicinity of feveral fine Harbours, will afford 
 great Conveniences to the firll Inliabitants ; 
 thefe feveral Advantages it boafls beyond any 
 other Place on this Side of the Country -, 
 whereas Canjby though poUelTed for tbirts^ 
 five Years, could ihew no Improvements but 
 on fome fmall Iflands, which produced little 
 more than a few Kitchen Gardens ; its Har- 
 bour is complained of as not being well de- 
 fended from hard Gales of Wind, has a very 
 rocky and difficult Entrance, and the Com- 
 munication from hence to tlie inland Parts o{ 
 the Province is through CLhimBo^ or Teta- 
 magouche. This lafl Place leemsalfo to claim 
 fome Share of Attention, and may probably 
 upon a critical Survey, be found fuitable for 
 a Settlement, and to merit fuch a Fortifi- 
 cation 
 
 Its 
 
i'' ! 
 
 
 ( 62 ) 
 
 cation as may cut off all future Supplies to 
 liQuisbourg by this Channel. 
 
 Leaving tiiis Side, and the Sea Coall; of the 
 Province, I fliall return to the Bay of Fundj 
 again, where the Soil, and Manner of im-' 
 proving Lands differs from all other Parts of 
 North America^ and where two or three 
 different Fortreffes will be necclTary to awe 
 the French and Indians^ and to protedl the 
 propofed Settlements from their Infulta* 
 
 In all Parts of this Bay the Rivers are of 
 great Length, and very numerous 5 the Eb- 
 bing and Flowing of the I'idct: is from four 
 Fathom at the Entrance, to te7i or eleven at 
 the Head of its longeil: Branches j bctwee ^ 
 their Banks, and the Verge of the Upland, 
 are fine and large Trads of Salt Marlli, in 
 many Places extending themfeives on a Plain 
 for thirt'^ or forty Miles without Interrup- 
 tion : In the Bay.^ of Minas^ Chcgnedlo^ and 
 their fevcral Branches, are Millions of Acres 
 that were iiever yet improved ; the French^ 
 ill order to fave themfelves the Labour of 
 
 fubduing 
 
 I 
 
. 
 
 (63) 
 
 iubduing the Lands that are covered with 
 Foicll: Wood, and interfperfed with MorafTes, 
 have Unrounded p:irt of tliefe Murfhes v;ith 
 Dykes *, without which they would often 
 be flowed at high Wi,ter, and always by 
 Spiing Tides j they are afterwards plouglied 
 up, and in three Years produce all Kinds of 
 Grain, and when fallowed run into fine Grafs. 
 This Land, by Reafon of its natural Richneis, 
 requires very little manuring, and is not only 
 eafy of Tillage, but affords a beautiful Pro- 
 fped: ; their Gardens, with fome Patches for 
 particular Ufes, being all tlie Lapland they 
 have under Improvement. 
 
 It is obvious from this Account, which is far 
 from being exaggerated, that no Country is 
 better calculated to yield an eiirly Support to 
 if^ infant Colonies, with more Certainty and 
 lefj Labour, and affording them, in tlie mean 
 time, a comfortable Subfiibnce. 
 
 
 The 
 
 *' This Term by Cuftcm 15 applicable ro the Rink 
 as well as the Ditclj.> anJ is alwayj ui-d fj: j:/.h iu Ss- 
 ra Scotia, 
 
 u 
 
'1 
 
 
 w 
 
 ,' 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 } 
 
 The ITigWands which commonly He near 
 the Sea CoaA, and the Sides of the Bay of 
 Fnnd)\ arc rocky, and covered chiefly with 
 Firs, but produce Plenty of Grafs when 
 brought under Cultivation ; the level Country 
 is covered with fcvcral other Kinds of Wood 
 ufeful in Building, and when fubducd and 
 iitted for Tillage, difcovers a fine rich Mold, 
 producing all Things in Pcrfedlion that are 
 natural to the Climate ; and this will ferve 
 for a general Dcfcripilon of the Province, for 
 altho' foine Parts of the Cape Sable and Canfo 
 Shores are rocky, and unfit for Tillage, 
 they are internilxcJ with valuable Trads of 
 low Lands, navigable Rivers, and a great 
 Number of Iilunds, vwhere Fifli may be taken 
 all the Year round, as the Harbours are feldom 
 obllrudled with Ice. 
 
 On the North Side of this Bay, St, John's 
 River feems to be the fitteft Place for making 
 a Settlement, and eredting a Fortrefs ; about 
 i^y/y Miles from its Entrance, the moft judici- 
 ous and confidcrable, tho' not ihe moft nume- 
 rous Tribe oi hui'uvu on this Part of the Con- 
 tinent 
 
:i' 
 
 ( 65 ) 
 
 tinent are fettled, and in the hiH: War had a 
 a iljorht Fortification erected by the French 
 fur their Defence. 
 
 Here the Land is fertile, and lies nearly on 
 a Level very far into the Country, having 
 a gradual Declivity only towards the River, 
 that ferves to diicdt the Couri'c ol fevcral lar^e 
 Branciies into its Sides. 
 
 By the Information of the Natives^ the 
 inland Parts of this Country are capable 
 of the fineft Improvemcnto, and although 
 here is but a very little Marlh-Land, the 
 Goodnefs of the Soil makes ample Amends 
 for the Want of it, and here are no Clain^s 
 of any Signilicancy to prevent the Settlement 
 of it. 
 
 In order to fl^ew wh.it Places within the 
 Bay of Fuudy are moil: proper to be fortihed, 
 I Ihall begin with this, as it is not only a y^[-y 
 valuable Country, but i.^ commodioudy 
 fituated fc^r the Fidiery ; from lie nee the direct 
 Intercourfe with Canada is iriaintained throurh 
 the Country, and coiuir.ue^l acre's tlic Bav 
 
 I to 
 
 
1:1 
 
 ' ;.! 
 
 (66) 
 
 to Minus and Annapolis y from which Places 
 it ib not more than t'wenty Leagues diftant. 
 
 WiJiin, and very near the hcfurcmcntion- 
 ed Strcight, the Land fcems conveniently 
 elevated for eredting a Fortrefs that will com- 
 mand the Entrance, and in tinnc or War, 
 a Boom Chain would effedlually i'ecine the 
 Frtilag^' ; this Place might not only ierve to 
 protcdt bhipsin the Road below, but would 
 be a fufticient Defence to a nf w Settlement, 
 and if properly garifoned, might cut off the 
 Correipondence h^lwt^n ^lebec and the Nova 
 Scoiians, 
 
 The Indians of the St. Johns Tribe might 
 On this Occafion attempt to interrupt a Settle- 
 ment, but as they are in a State of Hodility 
 with us, and by the Treaty of Utrecht their 
 L..nd3 were given up by th: French to this 
 Crown, no Peace ou^.at to be concluded with 
 t'jcm but upon our ^^vn Terms, for they 
 were aduu: y th'- . ..^^^^rellor;-, by joining 
 the I." :^v in t!n: ):)V^^:. oi A-.tiuiolu ^ i.-on- 
 trary to i.,"r^i i.'jaiies they forincih r:i-. 
 
 lered 
 
 ) 
 
 
 in > 
 
c;on- 
 1.1- 
 
 (67) 
 
 entered into with the Province of the Majja^ 
 chufets Bay. 
 
 From this Place to Chigne^o^ the Country 
 has but two or three Harbours, and the Sea 
 Coaft being very mountainous, and but little 
 known, I can only aflert what the Native."jj 
 £iy of it, that the inland Parts art; fertile, 
 
 Chlg?ic6Io forming the Peninfula, whicli 
 the French call Accad'i^^ is commonly men- 
 tioned as a ncccflary Place to be f:)rtilied, 
 in order to cut off the Communication with 
 Canada in time of War, the Ifthmus not 
 being here above two Leagues wide : The 
 feregoing Rcafon would have more weight, 
 if the Freiich tranfported any Baggage or 
 Train with them on thefe Occalions, but that 
 is not pradicable, and therefore they comr 
 monly crofs the Rivers below in Canoes with 
 their fmall Arms and Ammunition, their 
 larger Stores being landed out of Vcfllls from 
 Canada at ^etamagaucbe. Several Places here 
 feem well fituated for erecting a Portefi, up- 
 on one of which, an Eminence funounJed 
 
 J z with 
 
 n 
 
 w 
 
 ^ 
 
 ll. 
 
(AS) 
 
 with Marfh, and commanding both the 
 River and the Town, appears to be the moft 
 eligible for that I'lirpofe *. From this Place 
 by Land to Caobegat on the Bay of Mines it 
 is n^rar Hvcnty Leagues, and from thence to 
 the Town of that Name it is near twenty 
 more. 
 
 M Irl AS bcin;?: the principal Place in 
 the Province, and the Center of all its Settle- 
 ments, it^quiies a n.orc particular Dtfcripaon. 
 
 • I^ is compofed of a Number of Vil- 
 lages and P\irm-houres, extending Hx or 
 eiobt Miles in Length, and including fome 
 Towns a lirtle more remote, contains about a 
 thoiifund Families j I don't mean fo many 
 
 Houfc- 
 
 < 
 
 * It IS well known that many of tiie Inhabitants of 
 this Place have aftually bore Arms ir. Conjundion with 
 the French and Indians^ and were concluded to b'j witl» 
 th.cm when thev attacked the Auxiliarv Troops at AJi- 
 ims in the Winter 1746. Monf. Jcnquicr who con)- 
 niuided the French YlQtt. at Chebucio 'dher D^yfnviiys 
 Death, fiirniflied all Perfons in the Province who 
 were fit for Service, with Arms and Ammunilion to 
 afTift him in the Redudion of Loulihoi^rg. 
 
 li 
 
 fi 
 
the 
 
 loft 
 
 ■^lace 
 
 IS it 
 
 :e to 
 
 (69) 
 
 Houfekeepers, but fuch as woiild be thus de- 
 nominated among the EjigHJJ.^ for here it 
 is cuftomary when one of a Family marries, 
 to enlarge the Manlion^houfe, and by the 
 Addition of new Apartments, they make 
 Room for the expected Progeny ; from this 
 Practice 'tis common to find three ox four Ge- 
 nerations under one Roof j it is computed 
 that they amount to about fevcn thoujand 
 People, and were the Inhabitants induftrious 
 they might produce immenfe Quantities of 
 Corn 5 the Soil of their Marilies having been 
 always fubjed to the periodical Overflowing 
 of the Spring Tides, is compoied of the Fat and 
 Slime that has been wafl^d from the inland, 
 and mountainous Parts of the Country, by 
 Rains, and the melting of Snow for Ages 
 paft, and on that Account admits of a 
 long Improvement without any Manuring. 
 
 
 :?1 
 
 Whenever it happens that any of their 
 Dykes are cafually broke down, the Over- 
 flowing of the Tide renders the Marfii 
 incapable of bearing any Corn for three Years, 
 but afterwards, by Means of iltc new Recruit 
 
 of 
 
(70) 
 
 of Salts, which are incorporated with the 
 Mold, the Soil is renewed, and produces as 
 fine Crops as ever ; thus Nature feems by 
 Accident to have pointed out a Procefs, 
 whereby its Fertility is reftored without any 
 Expence to the Owner : Thele Lands, after 
 fome Years Iinprovement, produce feveral 
 Kinds of Grafs, and ferve all the feveral 
 Ufes of Hufbandry. 
 
 ■1 
 
 The Inhabitants make a joint Bufinefs of Dy- 
 king in feveral large Tradts, which ferve firil 
 as common Fields, and being afterwards fub- 
 divided into fmaller Allotments are capable 
 of the various Improvements before-mention- 
 ed : Their Dykes are made of large Sods of 
 Marfh cut up in fquare Pieces, and rai(ed 
 about ^i^f Feet higher tlian the common Sur- 
 face, of a competent Thicknefs to withfland 
 the Force of the Tides, and loon grow very 
 firm and durable, being overlpread with 
 Grals, and have commonly Foot-paths on 
 their Summit, which are both convenient and 
 delightful, 
 
 Oh 
 
 .if 
 
 li, 7.'' 
 
the 
 
 as 
 
 |by 
 
 ;£-, 
 
 ter 
 ral 
 M 
 
 (70 
 
 On the different Branches of Mims Riy 
 are fcattered feveral other Towns and Vil- 
 lages, whofe Inhabitants purfue the fame 
 Methods of improving their Lands. ' 
 
 There is one Thing peculiar to thefc Peo- 
 ple which has fecured their Allegiance during 
 the prefent War, that is, the Dread of ha- 
 ving their Dykes cut down, and their Eflates 
 by that Means ruined by the Englifl:, thir* 
 Pradice they felt the fevere Effcds of about 
 forty Years ago, when their Lands were thus 
 expofed by the 'Ne^w-Englaiid Forces, the 
 Remembrance of which is pretty ftrongly 
 impreffed on the old Inhabitants, and has had 
 a very good Efi'odl on their Fofttrity. 
 
 Minash fo fituated, as to have a fl:sort and 
 eafy Communication witli the extreme Parts 
 of the Province, being within a Days March 
 o^ Chcbu^Oy on the South Shore, and not 
 much fardier by Land from Annapdi';^ ib 
 about thirty Leagues by W:'tcr from 5/. 
 
 f1 
 
 % 
 
 t 
 
, 1 
 
 "1 . 
 
 li t'l 
 
 i^ 
 
 (7» ) 
 yohf^% River, and is not much farther from 
 
 'Tetamaganche, 
 
 From this Account of the Country and 
 its Inhabitants, it appears that Minus is not 
 only the moft confiderable Part of it, but is 
 moft properly fituated for a Metropolis, and 
 confequently requires a ftrong Fortrefs for 
 its Security j feveral Places have been propofed 
 in and near the Town for this Purpofe, upon 
 one of which flands the Sfonehoufe which 
 is Proof ao;ainn: fmall Arms 5 this is built on 
 an Eminence that commands great Part of 
 the Town, but being overlooked by high 
 Land on three Sides, would be greatly expofed 
 in cafe of an Attack : There is another Emi- 
 nence that flands by the River Gafpero to 
 the Eaftward of the Town which is fubjedl 
 to the like Inconvenience ; but the moil 
 proper Place, if not one of the finefl in the 
 World, on account of its natural Situation, is 
 an Ifland of Upland about a Quarter of a Mile 
 long, that commands the Mouth of the Ri- 
 ver, is furrounded with fait Mdrfiie^^, and has 
 no hrm Land within a Mile of ic. 
 
 The 
 
 c 
 
 { 
 
 b :1 
 
(73) 
 
 The Subftance of tliefe IMarflics Is fo 
 ipongy and poroas below the Level of the 
 common Tides as that it is impoilible to open 
 Trenches, but they will be dircdly filled with 
 Water, and as they arc comnionly flowed 
 at the Full and Chcino;e wii.hout the Dvkcs. 
 it will appear impradlicable to make a rcgMiar 
 Attack again ft it by Land, or to proceed by 
 Tapping or mining, and 'tis cq-aally lb from 
 Ships, unlels it be attempted at high Water, 
 and this muft be done in a very iliort I'ime 
 on account of the Rapidity of the Tide, 
 which on fuch an Occafion vvould be equally 
 hazardous to them as the Oppoiidon cf 4 
 ilrong Garrifon. 
 
 This Ifland commands the Piofpect of Mi- 
 nas Bay, fo that no VciiU can come in or go 
 out undiil'ovcred, and if it j^ rer^ularlv furti- 
 fied might be difeucicd by /-zi-o bu/idrcd Mt.a 
 again li the wliolc ForLC of Car.nJa and the 
 Novr. Scot'urns, 
 
 ^i 
 
 V. 
 
 K 
 
 If 
 
 ii 
 
 I 
 
! ; 
 
 (74) 
 
 If this Plan be approved of, *tls very cafy 
 to make an open Road from hence to Cbe- 
 buSfo for all Sorts of Carriages, it not being 
 zbovc forty Miles through the Country, and 
 ereding a wooden Blockhoufe midway, that 
 is Proof againfl fmall Arms, might ferve as a 
 Place of Security to Travellers, and deter the 
 i)avages from interrupting the new Settle^ 
 ments. 
 
 It will be alfo requifite to fortify the 
 Country immediately, that being a prepara- 
 tory Step which requires fome time to exe- 
 cute, and will be found neceffary to precede 
 the propofed Settlements, whofe Neighbour- 
 hood will naturally raife a Jealoufy among 
 the French and lndia?is, that may create a 
 great deal of Trouble, and retard the defignM 
 Progrefs. 
 
 To prevent the latter from being trcuble- 
 fome, the Governor and Council fliould be di- 
 redted to take Hcftages of them to fccure the 
 Performance of fuch Treaties as Ihall be en- 
 tered 
 
 Vi '.I 
 
the 
 
 (7S) 
 tered into j for unlefs fome falatary Pre- 
 cautions of this Kind are ufcd, 'tis much 
 better to continue the War till they are 
 wholly extirpated j *tis evident that for many 
 Years the Indians did as much Mifchief 
 in NeW'E)?gIand during a Peace as in 
 Time of War. vvhicli has proceeded from 
 the lnn:igati9ns or the Romijlj Miiiionaries a- 
 mongfl them, and the V/ant of Power in the 
 Englijh^ to purfue and puni(h them in their 
 wild Retreats. It is expedient that a diredl 
 Enquiry fhould be made into the Claims and 
 Titles Qi thefe Inhabitants, that their Boun- 
 daries may be fixed i and to prevent future 
 Contentions, all the Lands that arc in the 
 Difpofal of the Crown fliouid be furveyed, and 
 tt^ Nature of their Soil, and different Qna- 
 lities for Improvement enquired into ; that 
 a Report be made to his Majclly, of th$ 
 moft commodious Places on navieable Ri- 
 vers, and the Sea Coails, for iettling oi 
 Townfliipf?, for the Conveniency of the Cod- 
 fifJjcn^ and tlic Profecution of Agriculture. 
 
 Kz 
 
 I'h? 
 
(?6) 
 
 t !. 
 
 m 
 
 Ml 
 
 M 
 
 Tlic Settlement of this Province will be 
 attended with fomc Charge to tlie Govern- 
 niciu, and on that Account may probably 
 meet witli Inicriiiption J yet as the general 
 Advantages arc (o conipieaous, nothing (lioiild 
 be peimitced to defeat it 5 for altho' the Ex- 
 penc:e may at iirfl be confiderable, it will not 
 be durable, i. *hr ,,:w Inhabitants, by a well 
 regjulated Miii-li may be able in a few 
 Years to defend iiiemf- ■ 'es ; this was the Cafe 
 with the Colonies in New-EJigland from their 
 Infancy, altho* they ftruggled under Diffi- 
 culties infinitely exceeding any that the pro- 
 pol'.d Settlements can be fubjed: to, whilfl 
 G7r,'7^^-i?;7V:-:/// commands at Sea : The French 
 Inhabitants m'jli continue to be neutral, as 
 they fcilc thcmfelves now, and the Indiam 
 r.re become lb inconliderabie tliat very little 
 Damper is to be apprehended from them, if the 
 Settlements are n^ade rompadl, and in a de- 
 fenlible ForuT ; tX'^ Maintenance of Forts, and 
 Carri ons will then be a teir^poniry Charge 
 ordy, and fcon ccafe to be neceirary ; but if it 
 fhouia nc;t, tiic IntioduCLion of Frotertant^, 
 
 a.nd 
 
( 11 ) 
 
 and fct:uring the Country from France will 
 greatly over-ballancc the Expcncc, and ex^ 
 ceed (til the real, and imannars Advan-' 
 tagc^ that have been fuggeiled to refult from 
 the Poireflion of Cape Uretcn : As this Af- 
 fertion may be thought repugnant to the 
 feveral Lnfwrtances of that Illand, which have 
 been laid before the Public, I fl:iali enter more 
 parucularly into the Confideration of it, and 
 its FiAiery, than I at lirfl intended : It has 
 already been obfervcd, that the PL.ce is bar- 
 ren compared with Nova Scotia^ and will ne- 
 ver admit of any confulcrable Lni-^rovcmento : 
 The Truth, and Rcalon of theie Fads r. 
 very obvious ; Cape Breton was as roo:\ 
 known, as Nova Scotia or Ncufoiuiu. ■ r.l^ 
 but was never thought to be oi any Value to 
 the PoUclIors of thoic Places, and it was the 
 Exclufion from them, that put ir.e French 
 on fordfying j and induced ijicir S^;ttlcnicnt 
 of it, and ntJtwidiftanding a tbirts Years 
 Polleirion, its Produce, exciulive of Filii, will 
 not fubfiil a hiriuired Families ; its W'mters 
 are of ereat Lcmnh, and extreme colJ, it be- 
 in{T conaBon for the Frolts to coniljuic till die 
 
 lattcv 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
 
 (78) 
 
 latter End of May^ and it is near the Middle 
 of ihiiL Month before it is free of Ice : 
 For us this Ifland f'Tiiis an Eddy to the 
 Current fctting through the Gulf of Sf. 
 Laivrence it draws fuch Quantities into its 
 IJarboius as to obflrud the Filhery, and 
 render the Navigation very dangerous : Du- 
 ring the Summer it is fo frequently fubjedl 
 to Fogs, as to have neither Heat nor Sun- 
 fliine fuiTicient to ripen \u Corn and Fruits. 
 I cannot unocrtake to allign a phiiofophical 
 'Reafon foi tne Difference in the Tempera- 
 ture ©f the Air in two Places lying in the 
 ianie Latitude, and fo near together as Nova 
 Scotia and this Ifland, but to obferve, that 
 as the Duration, and feveral Degrees of cold, 
 moderate, and warm Weather in all Places 
 vary with, and depend upon the prevailing 
 Winds, in the leveral Seafons of the Year, fo in 
 this, they comnioniy blow from fuch Points in 
 the Winter as bnn^ on Storms of Snow and 
 Froft, and in the Summer thofc are mofl fre- 
 quent, that blow direcftly from the Banks^ 
 accompanied with thick Fogs and Mifts, and 
 alt ho' fome Farts o^ Nova Scotia are fubjeft 
 
 to 
 
 ail 
 
(79) 
 
 to thern, *tis neither in Degree nor Duration 
 fufficient to afl^ed the Produce of the Earth, 
 nor to interrupt the Courfc of Bufinefs by 
 Land or Sea. 
 
 It is well known, that not with (landing the 
 Situation of this Ifland, four Fifths of the 
 French Fifhery have been profccuted in other 
 Places : Their Bankers^ amounting to more 
 than two hundred Siiil of Ships in Time of 
 Peace, who cure their FiHi in Pickle, com- 
 monly called Mud Fip:>y make their Voyages 
 on the Banks of Ncwjoufulland without en- 
 tering a Port in America, and their large ft 
 Ships to the Number of two hundred Sail, 
 conftantly ufe FiJJ^ot *, St, Julians, and 
 
 ether 
 
 * Captain Rous in a Bilander o^ fourteen Gun'5 and 
 one hundred M^n, with a Ship of near the fume Force 
 attacked this Port mjfugu/i 1744 j it was defended by 
 /ive Ships navigated with four hundred and ffty Men ; 
 tzuo of eighteen Guns each, one of fifteen, one offourteen^ 
 and oneoi twelve^ drawn up in a circular Line round 
 the Harbour, and altho* both his VeiFcls grounded at the 
 Entrance, and were expofed to a continual Fire for 
 Jive Hours from all the Ships within point-blink 
 
 Mulket- 
 
•T', 
 
 i.| 
 
 (80) 
 
 Other Harbours on the North-HaH: SiJe of 
 that Illind, Philip's Btf)\ and other Pans of 
 the Continent of Labrador^ and Gujpcc in 
 Islova Scofta; in thefe feveral Places they 
 have no fettled Habit<itions, but having credtcd 
 Houfcs, and cleared linall Places for Gar- 
 dens, tliey railc Roots and Herbage fufhci- 
 cnt to ferve them yearly fur Soup and Sal- 
 lad, until their Return to France : It 
 appears then, tliat they improve fjvcral 
 ports more commodious for their Purpofe 
 than Cape Breton ; 'tis true they have no 
 Right to fifli on the Coafls of Nova Scotia^ 
 but their Claim on the North Side of the 
 Gulf of St. Laivrenc: has never been con- 
 telled, and unlefs it is in the Power of this 
 Nation to exclude them totally from the 
 American Filhery, the Poilcffion of Cape 
 
 Breton 
 
 Mufl^et-Shot, he bravely took them all with tlie 
 Lofb ol" no more tli:in eight:cn Men j he took another 
 Ship at ^t. Juiuin's o^ fixtecn Ciuns and tiinety Men, ten 
 Ships on tlie Banks w'rth three hiaidrcd and fix Men, re- 
 took a Britijh Ship, burnt all the French Huufcs, and 
 Stores in (even diftcrent Hiirbours w ah four Veilcl^, and 
 upwards of eight bundnd fifhing Shullops, all within a 
 Moiiih. 
 
 1 
 
ff 
 
 ( 8i ) 
 
 Breton cannot i\m\ the ScmIc Io much i;i 
 tlicir Favour as has been apprehended: In 
 fliort, its greatefl Conveniency to France con* 
 fifts in its being a middle Port between Ca* 
 nada and the French Dominions in general; 
 and could any proper Means be deviled to 
 prevent their future Intercourfe with tlic Bri- 
 tijli Colonics from whence they are fupplied 
 with Stores and Provifions in return for the 
 Produce of a contraband 'Tradcy tlie Inha- 
 bitants would be under a NecefTity of return- 
 ing annually to France in their Filli-Ships, or 
 rpcndin[5 a miferablc Winter with little elfe 
 than Salt-Fifh for their Suhfiilence. 
 
 In order to rival the French in the Cod-FijhC' 
 ry, 'tis ncceflliry to confine them to the Limits 
 flipulatcd by the Treaty oWtrecbt, which will 
 exclude them from all the Banks o^ Nova Sco- 
 tia, and it does net appear by that, nor any o- 
 ther Treaty, that they have a Right to filli to 
 the Southward of Cape Bcnavifla on New^ 
 JGundlandy between whofe Banks and the for- 
 mer there are no others of any Note or Confe- 
 fequcnce. 
 
 I^ Thip 
 
 hJ 
 
( 82) 
 
 )( I 
 
 n 
 
 11 
 
 'tins would deprive them of a great Part 
 of their Filliery, employing near tiz;o hwulrcd 
 (ind Fiftv Sail of Sliips in Time of Peace, 
 and furniflies the Markets in Fraiice^ ^pain^ 
 Portugal^ and the Str eights with Mud Fifi ; 
 and as to the remaining Part, the Settlement 
 of Nroa Scotia^ would foon enable the Inha- 
 bitants to catch, and export larger Quantities, 
 better in Quality, and cheaper than the French 
 could poifibly afro.d their own, whereby tlie 
 whole would be of litde Value to them more 
 than for their ou'n Confumption. 
 
 The luc of SabJ'y and Cape Sahle Banks 
 on x\\h Coalt arc fo commcxiioufly fituated 
 lis to admit of :i fine Fijlicrv in tlie Winter 
 whenever tlie Country is icttlcd and ilocked 
 with Provifions : At preicnt the Fifher-« 
 men from Neiv-Efig^iind nrke three Fair^ 
 here in a Year, the firll: of which being pro- 
 fccuted in March is worth both tlie other, a*', 
 the Fifl> taken tlien exceed any in the World, 
 and if they could be landed and cured in 
 the Winter Months, tive Fairs might be 
 
 yearly 
 
 ) 
 
 i, 
 
ated 
 
 inter 
 
 )cked 
 
 "her- 
 
 pro- 
 
 .; 
 
 ) 
 
 (83) 
 
 yearly made infiead of three, and the two 
 additional ones equal to the beft of the former, 
 which would in a few Years be of more Con- 
 fequence to Great-Britain than any thing the 
 French are capable of profccuting to fup- 
 port their Rival iliip. 
 
 If this Point had been well attended to 
 iroerJy or thirty Years paft, their Fifliery 
 might have been reduced before tliis Time 
 to a contemptible Situation, but tlie Cafe was 
 fo different, that they not only fjflied 
 where they pleafed, but commonly infulted 
 cur VefTels whenever tlicy met tliem, for 
 excepting fjme of their Fijbcrmcn which were 
 feized by Captain Swart on the Cimjb Station 
 for fifliing without their Limits contrary to 
 Treaty, they never met with any Interruption, 
 but to prevent fueh Accidents for the future, 
 as our Ships were earlier out than theirs, they 
 ever after fent a inperior Force to deter our 
 ^^Jen of JVar from the like Pr.idice, and 
 have ruled abiblutc f ords of tho!': S^^as, 
 
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 !* As that Treaty is the Bafjs of the prefent 
 Peace, and rhe Terms of it in relation to the 
 Fldicry aire plai.x and intelligible, it can* 
 not be doubted but; th^ Adminiftration will 
 cauie them to be pundiv^ly obler-ved, more 
 efpccially .as tl^y fill under the Dominion 
 of the 1>/7V//Z> FIrig, whofe Honoor'is imme- 
 diately conceiiied in fee u ring the Rights of 
 this Kingdom a2,ainft all Encroachments, and 
 in protecting; its Subjed:s from Tnfults on eve- 
 ry Part of tliC Ocean. • • - * - 
 
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