IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■^ 1^ ill 2.2 iF 1^ 12.0 111= i-4 ill 1.6 V] <^ /i 7: y //a Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 / m> i/j w CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best origfnai copy available for filming. 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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film* i partir de Tangle sup*rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m*thode. errata to pelure, }n d D 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ei. TO (AianOO AM) lUCK. AN i:.)Ili,l{.VMS .lolllNKV TO TIIK COLD TILLDs OF nRITISlI COM MnrA. By W. CHAMPNESS. FROM THE "LEISURE HOUR,' 1862. ««• SLEKP. !t'r|norilly wlion tlio now MuJiiiiir X vruH twenty, clio mnrricil, fitid iiliiioHt irniiicdiiil'-ly iiri"!' iniin-iiii^o i-li'j full iisln.'p iij,'Miii, iiul. to iiwiiko tlli.^ linio lluril /'//■/ I'liiys liail gniM! Ijy. Diiring llic uliiilu of this (n-i'loil sl.c v.'iiiiiiiiC'd iriotioiilc--! iiliil iiiHoiisililo. UriMtliiiij,' coii- timii(1, iiulfiil, HO «li(l MuimI circriliitinii, tlioii^'h l)Olli rodncoil to tlio lowest stsiiiiliirrl (umpiililijo with litV. All tlio Moiu i.^luiieiit ihi.-i laily ri ci'ivi:!! chirin'^ llie ciitii'i; |'iTi(jil of lifly il;iy.s (■oiisi.--lcil of ii liltli.' milk iiiid liruth, passed into her niDUlh throiij^li tho ii|ici-tiirc' iniidi; hy iliu iviiwumI of a lidso front tootli. I'oiir years subsc- 'lUeiit, tliiit is to siiy, in tho your IWi'J, iind on K:istc;r day, ilndanio X cttlipsed nil hei' |irccediiiL,' sleeping suironiiiers. She dozed olVon llie niorniiif; of Ka.iter ilay, \>ii>'2. and only awoke oner, juid that only for a short time, until tho sprin'cof the following year, in I'St!.'!. 'J'he onco in question Wiis on the tigli'Ji day, counting from the tirst aecession. Having; got np, tliu lady deseended to t!io iiiendji-rs of her family, siit with them n little, ale, and fell n.-leepon her chair, only to nwaken. as itlready intiinated, in the spring of tho ncNt year. M. IJlondet states that ihuT.ig this entire ]ii'riod -Miwlftmi! X manife.-ted all the lethargy and all the general appearances he had ])re- vionsly noticed in two other yoinig women similarly ciiiinnstanced. Yarioiia means were adopted to ronse HI) this poor sleeping Indy, hut all of them unavailing, bhc was stimnlaied locally, and hy excitants to the nose and mouth, f^lio was sot upon lier feet, held on cither bide, and dragged along, that it might he seen whether she (^onld lie made to wall; : all in vain. She w.'vs jolted in hard-going carriages to nn little cH'uct. At length she woke up of her own accoi'd ; and, strange to I'clate, .seenio ii.M^ tho sleep to establish a beiieticial crisis to tho sloe|)er. Ill tho case of Louisu Dnrainl, nlso rufoiTcd to in >I. Blondet's communication, her lather died of cancer before tho child awoke, and her mother, hftvinij h<>«>n oi)Crated upon for the samo disease, hut in the breast, iiad recovered from tho ol>eratinn before the child had uwoko to be aware of it. These ri^cilals arc so very LXtraorilinary that I would not have vantnred to re|ieat them but for tho ciiviiM- stance that they areas well attested as any mutter of test i- jnoiiy not Ibnnded on actual pr.'rsonal knowledge possibly cat! be. Xo higher authinity relative to a matter of fact can he addiu'od than such as is I'nrnished by a ciMninn- nicatioii of this sort to the French Academy of .Sciences. TO CAKI KMIGUA-Nl's JOLUNKV !i)0 AXI) HACK. TO Tin: ooLU-nKi.!>s IN uriTisn oi.cMr.iA.* I. — IlNOI.AMl TO r.VNAMA. In tho spring of 1W2 the writer, accompanied liy his .;eplu;w, left Kngland lor Urillsh Cohnnbia, having ro- ■volved to emigrate to the Cariboo gold-lielu ;, of which glowing accoHuts had rctiched ns. The fir.' jotirtidl 1i;ih iitldcd, in H Tow plirjc, 'onvoof hi:l own rcolluftiui.^ i;rihc s^-onci (it'-tcrilnnl. .'1>ovo Hio .^o...... Tho town of Panama is inottily oilnmed im .i l/.ij u." the samo uamo. Here we, for the first time, lauf^ht siglit of tho |[fi-cat Pacific Ocean, somewhere along tlie nhnres of which wo hope(l to find a second home, and, perhaps, a forluno. The Innises and chnivhes of Panama are generally in a very dilapidated condition, but, being coiintructod of a bright red slone, and ap])ear- iug in numy cases ns if almost buried in green masses of vegelaiion, they form a picturesipie sight, osjieeially when viewed at A litllo distance. But the hnu.-es oi tho poorer inliubitants, and those in the surrounding country, aro mere log-huts of one or two rooms, and roofed with shingles or palm-leaves. Tlie greatest ornament of tho Isthmus vcgotatinn is tho coral-troe, wdiich sometimes attains a height of sixtv feet. It bears a innUitiide of llowers of tho brighlcit ci-imso'i, giving a glow to the whoio landscape, where tlcro are many of these trees together. The chief products of tho country liorcabcnits are cacao (lhiiih,\>Ntci), indigo, and plantains. As a rule, cacao estates aro more valuable than those of sugar, indigo, cotton, or cochineal. Tho plantain grows most abundautl}- throughout Central America and the Isfhnius. Green and ri])C, roasted, boiled, fried, and preserved, io enters, in a hundred tonus, into every meal; and, as an acre of plantains is ca]iable of sui)plying nourishment Ci|Uid to one hundred and thirty-three acres of whciU, and moreover reipiires littlo o!ist, the great Yankee ship-owner Yanderbilt. who, in lH(i(i, b(jtight up the previous opposition line of steamers from the Isthmus to California. Si ico thai time he has had the passoger tiallic almost exclusively in his own |)Ower, and has nioi'ellian doubled the former fares, and greatly reduced the comlbrts aial even neces- saries of travel. iS[ieeially Knfortunate Were the ])Oor steerage ami second-class j)assengers. For, although the " Orizaba" was a large steamer, with three or four tiers of cabins, and galleries one above another, like the ^-^ W'~"' ^y^f ~V:f ^v' TIIU GUI.UL.N G\.IH, TO CARIBOO AXn liAC'K. 805 Aincvicnn rivov-bontH, yd more than twclvp luiiidiiil piisHi.'iigor.H wen.' now ctuhiIimI into licr, or doiitjlu the iniintjor sho roiilil noconimoduto wit!i nny dcgren of (■onilbrt. AniongHt tlio niultitiidc on hoard ivon' a nunilii.'r of (inor (ici'nmn mid Irish cniii^niiits, who lirid : just coini; into I'liMiiiim from Xcw York, haviiii^ liiiulcd ' at, AspiiiwuU I'rom thn " Northern Lii;ht," ouo of ihu Afncricaii lino to Iho Istlinnis, on thi^ Atlantic side. , 'I'liusi.' buiiig, for tho most part, riigKi'd, nioiicvlcss, and lilth_v. wi'ro a grout, addition to the disoond'ort and dis- turhuuie of tho ship. Jlun, women, and cliik'ivn wore i Notwithstandiiic; onr Rnnshinc and calm, vro wcro so annoyed hy onr ovcr-crowdid c'ontlilion, anil still fnrtlier atrgnivati'd hy tho fhiuli.shtifss of the sramcn and at- tindiiiit.-', and hy tho wrotchod faro providod, that .sign.i of >oniothiMi,' like a nuiliny woro ajiparont, ovon in npit.- of tlio ostentatious disjilay of rovolvor.s and howio kiiivos farrioil l>y tho ollioors and othor.-i. AVc insistod on havini; sonio satisfactioi; or amelioration from the oap- tainVs hanils, and, liy onr firninosH and united fooliiijr. at length oliiainod an improvement in onr troatracnt foi- tho remainder of the voyage. xirw or SAX iRA.vnscn. hiuldlcd togothor, day and niu'ht, without regard to comfort; or decency. Many and universal were tho do- inuiciations against tho w.^lfish mono])olist ship-owner, and the throats of legal ])roooodings on 'iving at San I'rancisoo. Hut wo afterwards learnt that tho L'aliforniau newspapors had long jji-otested .against the avaricious extortions and disre[Mitalilo ahusos of thi.■^ line of steamers, but hitherto without olitaining redress, espe- einlly aa those who horo the hriint of the iuin03ance Wore tho poorer oUss of passengers, tho saloon heinir comparatively well cared for. Mesidos, idthongh the .\mericims talk loudly of their indepondouce and freedom, I heir laws are not readily put in lorcc against powerful iiiid wealthy oH'enders. IJritish im|iartialily in all'oidiiig legal ro" t'l" 'IV ■niiiL; (if till! IburtiM'iitli il.iy IV'iii Piuiiiiiia, \V(i Hiiw tho liMif,' )i;iMil-liills wliiili sUiil. iIh' I'liC'ilii' sidi' nf tho iinn'ow tongue ul' liiiiil, (Ui llio imicr purl ol^vliii'li till-' cilyorSiiii Fniiicisco !s Hiliiiilid. 'I'ln'ii, ]mnsiiiK tlin lii.'lilliim^i'j'Dii llie ViiriMlooibS )Mc'kn (liiiiiiits of ,ioa-liuii.s ami iiiyiiiiiI-< of Koa-I'iml), v.o ciosscil tln! l/:ii' 1111(1 out' rod tlio (Jold.ii (liiti; jiict licCdi'n iiiiiliii^jlit. This ii:ii'i''HV( hiuiliel, liiMV less lh;iM 11 liiilc wid ', (.■oniu'cts with I ho I'lirjlic tlw Ijii'u'i^ iMid iMiiiiiitniii-t.'irt li:iy ol' Sail rniiici-jco, wlii.'Ii is ci.'^hly iiiilrs Inn;? liy tc'i in brciidtli — II liollln ill'lllld WlltiT. 'l'iH> ( lU'lviit ill tlin (inMi'ii (lilf ^(•t yn stroiiyly oiit- wiU'd, thill, iillli'inifli wo iuiisimIi' niiiyh il/ p::^ily liy (iiir sti'iiiii-ii'iwor, wo oliscrvi'd a lii\i'c|iii, with cviry incli ril' (•;>iivrs Hiii'"iiil, iiu'huliiiir I'tiiddiiij^-siiil.j, niul with ii rnv()iir,iljlc wind fiu;)it ii-d'i'ii, yot iiii|inniil1y vriniiiiiincf stntionuiT fur iiciirly tin iiiiiiiilis in thi' swift clmnnrl oppo^iit'! til" fori, whose wImki walls were !-hiiiiii<{ in thi,' full I'liioidi'.dil ; and a listiiiicj-hniit siH'niod fcii' a short timo in liltlo liL'ttcr lilitrht, iiol\vilhsl:indiiirc:''d IVoin thothito into the hay, the iippnr pni-tioii (if the city, 'rclpi?ni|ili Jlill, iiiippiii-od hifori,' ns. On it iilio laivro liiiildiiif; was lirilliaiitly liuhlt'd. wilhiii and without, 'J'liis was ivci)u;nised iis (hi! ('Iiinctiu Joss- lions?. A "ffstival of lami'rns'' v,as la-iii/r lirld liy soino of tlif* Ccl'Vtials, ivho form in) iiicoiiMid'Tublo por'.io'i of the iiihaljiiaiits of tho phioi'. Prcsctitly, pas.«iiii>' tho foriiliciitioiis of Ak'atras Island, wo won; ala'<«st of San Fni'n-i.soo, trlidod ii'tn u wharf, and, alllioiifrli niidiii'.'lit, \\oro jai ■iciiily boaj-di li Ijy a ilivoii'? oftoiitors and hoi(.'l-uiossc'iip'r,<. «;oIi jn'oinisinw us •' tho hostaooiiiiniMdation in I ho city.'' Ono i.l thoso wo lol- low»>d,."iidwore prcsoiitlysiiilod in aiitrlit.iieat tno-liorsod van, iiad drivin oil' Ui an howl, \, liori' w found oouj- foi'taiilo i|iiai-t(;rs, which woined doiildy so by (omi-Hst with onr iccont v.-fclclied troutninit whilst opajnjtod «.ntl orowd'd during tlio fnrtiiijrht on the " Uri/.nlia." III. — S\N niVNIISCO. Doiiic; thus acfaiii mi l''ri-ii /irni'i, wo Tniidi cnjoyod a four days' sojonni in (ho Goldon Cily. Early next raorninjr, on looking over it, v.-u saw that it extends for ahont twfi inilos along the sido of a trooloss tlireo-orownod hill, up whoso stoop slopes its streets and houses ascend in siicocs.sivo toiTiicos, approathod in many oaso.s hy long llifr'ats of steps. The lower part of tho <^ity is Iniilt on pill V, and projoots nearly a rpiartor of a, mile over tho lieaoli and shallower water. Here, as in otli'^r jiarts of .San l"i-aneiseo, the streets arc not paved with stone, Ijiit jilanked with v.-ood. Tn this lower town there are fro- (Itient) deaths, from unwary persons falling, or being thrust, at night, into the water, through some of the large openiia.;.s neenrring at intervals in the ;;iipor-niarino streets, ilaiiy innrders have tlnis taken place. But, by day, no soeiio is more siirring than llio wharves. Here, on our first morning, w-o saw, swiftly gliding out into the bay, a large doublo-tiored steam- boar, haviiur 11 band ormiisio|ilaying cheerily to a pic-iiie party of twelv(! hundred " Da.diaways" (the ('alili.riiiaii nam-.' for teetotallers, lioeai.>e they claim to " dash a-.viiy tho wine cup"). On they wnt for a day's exvursion to Kavi nswooil, up the bay; but (aooid.aits will happen) i,, a few hours tho news was spreading that tho nnlonunale " Dasliaways" had run aground on a sand-bank, half-way to their destination, in whieh nninteresting position they were dolaiiied till near nightfall. The evening news- papers contained sundry sly alUisions to the aVciihnt I.ein.g po; .'ibiy owing to lla; p.'. eiico (ui b.jaid ai be\'crages li':,;i mild than coHi.e and Iciiomido. Ill b^b'^ San Fraiiciscii wii.s a dull sandy villiig" of a few "adobe" (or sun-dried iiiiid) Louses. Now il )■• ii rapidly increasing city of u bundn il tlionsaiid inhubif- liiils, and possesses niilox of 1. iisy streets, wilh ('legaui sho|>s, largo hotels, public libraries, iinisriiiii'', chib. houses, suburban villas, a |e|c.jri.,i],h aemss the < mil iiieiii, sleani ferries, h street raihvay, and nnmerons liandsoiinj ehiirche.( and chapels. The highest f.art of the city (Hlissiiin Jlill) is llii'eo hnndred feel abovo the wharves, and, in looking down the straight .steep streets, there i-; everywhere presented a nobli^ view over the broad bay and its islands and the sierradike inonntains beyomt, on ilie (/'oiilni Co'^la side, behind which, again, rises the cleft siiininil of .Monii; Diavolo, tlireo thousand feet high. Ill the eentre of the ciiy ij the spaeions Plaza, or Wii'^hinglon Sipifire. lleie is tin.' Town JIall, over which is the great bell which, a H^w years ago, n.sed to bo rung at times to suinnioii the Nigiliineo ( 'oniiniltee, eomiiosed of many hnndivdu of tho ciliiiens, who liad banded , together to execiito Lynehdaw on siieii ott'eiuhns as grossly set 't deliiinee the imperfectly organized h gal executive ol'tli" youiig state. Dii such oceasions a brief piiblie e.xaiiiinat ion of th(! acciined took jilaee, and a frw iiiinutes de'i'ided his guilt or iiinoeeiic.' j if (In: ioniier, lie was at once hniig, in tho preseiiee of liiit nrre.stois and .jn-Igi's, •' tlio Mivoreigii jx^iple.'' Tiiis ptato of tilings huti j]K;ar,iiic« of the j great, jjuws of citizens. Alijio.t I'very (ji«,' ciipews well- | dressed J the geiith'Uien wtariiig; good breaddoth fi->,rh. j coats, a«id wiile-ln-ionued «oiji'-.il-erov.ii'-d OUu.'k Ijal.-, soinewliat ui the Italian style. Aniojigst tlus IdidiM one! (.il'u-n obsen'cs the bright dark (yes uiA hair iMually ! indicative, UereiWuts, of i^jianish ixArn'-'i'ioti, esjMjciiilly I when acoompiinied by ihe singlo ittttcned cnil on each I side of the forehead. \ It is evident that the Cilirorniaiis live in alandwliero gold is ]i!entiinl. The visitor who luis ben aeeustomcd to handling the small sovereign.s of England, smd tho tiny .gold dollars of the ea.steni stales of tho Union, looks willi adiniralioii on the hirge ronlci'n.r of heavy twcjnty- dollar gold pieces, nearly the size of half-crowns, which he sees so freely transferred in the olliee.s and banks of San Fraijciseo. There is no copper curriaicy ill tho state, cxeejit ineidentidly. The smallest iciiu is a "In't" or " dime" worth ton cents, or livepence. A merchant, speaking to ns of the cnrrcney, menli(nied that a Bos- (oniaii, lately arrived, entered his store for sonio gooil.<. A bill was made out, and tho cash h;;nded in. Tho merebant, thinking all was settled, returiu d to his no- counts, but, seeing his eiistonior waiting near tho desk, asked him if there was any mistake. " Why, yes. I gne.ssi there's them few cents ehango to pay." "Oh, my friend, I see you are a stranger in those parls," rcjilicd tin- man of business ; " but, very well ; when I meet with any cents, I'll kee|) them for yim till you call again.'' Since the outbreak of the Secession war. whilst the other States have been delu,god with "greenbacks," Cali- fornia has firmly rel'nsed to adopt any other than iij wholly nielallic currency, and. being far away IVoni the eastern Slates, it has iioi been deemed prudent to allenipt to coni])o| the adoption of paper. Ahhongb the jiricca of things in general are not so high here as in former )-ears, yet they arc still mneh in excess of those jjaidfor' TO CAUIliUO AM) IIACIC. W7 (III iMilltl 11/ Ic, • villn;/" i/T IV >iow it i II KMIIll illliul'it- wiill cllYM'ii ISIMIIIIV, (111!!- III! I iniliiiciii, IIS Imiiilsijiiii) t ol' till' lity till) wli:irvi s, ■ci'tH, llii'iv i-: lit! Iji-iiad liiiy hiiiis licyciml, HKiiiii. risi'si [I|OII'»-(jiuii/.t-il 1 iiiiint^iiilcly j iiMiice t>( tlid j i;iijie»rs well- I i.lcl.jtli th.r'.,.\ iie liulibg one ! iuiir UMUiilly I HI, fsjieciiilly | rml on t-iidi I I a liiiuT wlioro j ii( ciistouied I id, mid tlio ' l'iii"ii, looks ■avy twenty- 1 iwns, ■\vliicli I il bunks of! i:iicy iu tlio I 1 I-, s\ "bit" . llU'VcllllIlt, I lliiit a ]5os- ■ OHIO goods, oil in. Tlio i to Ilia ne- ar tho desk, ye,-!. I guess I '•Oh, my' rts," reiilicd, T 111','ct with I iir,'iviii." ■. whilst tho Mcks," f'ldi- h' r than iij ly IVoni the; I loaHfinptit 1 tli'^ ]irice3'' s ill I'oi'iiier lo.-e paid for' tliii Hiimn iiiiiclcs ill l!iuM|r or llm Allunlir Stall's. Hut iiali'viiM and «•!!>?••: id:.o n«ij»o liidi. .^o do Ikmisis. A Hiimll dwi'lliii;; of six (V i'\i:}it rooms, iiiiywiicru iii'iir tho lily, is coii^idri'i'd to bo rciisonnbly ri'iiti-d iit sixty dol- lars (C1-) !i iiioiitli. I'liyniciils of lent, intorcst, and wii^frs arc tisiially i("';(>iiud liy (lin imiiith in f 'aliroriiia. 'I'.r.i's iiri' iniicli In nvi'';- h-n? (iind lIiroiij;lioiit tli" Stall's) lli:iii is coinniniily sii]ijio.ii d to 1m: tlio cii'iu by l''iiKli.'cv iiiiiinm to settle in .San i''i-nneis."). ."^iieli a mark oi' ii|i|ireeiiitioii did not fail to seiMll'e its (ibjeet. Aiiion;,'st tho truly c i-niopolilaii po|iiilal inn of the e'ly, lilteoii tlejiicaiid Chines(! eonslituto a peeiiliar feii- tine, c-peeijilly an they retain their nativo eiistonis, di'e-<, nml liiii'r.uiKP, when aiiiiini;st themselves. Tiny are no laviaiiites here, as they williiii;ly work at innch liiv.cr wjiges than the whitf-s, und are very elaniii^h niid 5.';lli:sli, us Well as disagreeable in many of their liidiitK. Tho markets of .San I'laiieiseo are iiuieli moiu con- venient, lis well as more imposiiiii; in tho a))]iearati(o of tlii'ir stalls, lliau those of London. Tlie biilcliers, ior j iii.it. nice, havi; rows of iicat eoimtprs, and their nanKs iii.-cribed above in lar(i;e j;iU lellet-s. The fruiterers sit Ix'liiiid piled liiisketH of eaiilillower, f;ii'eii pi as, pino- ajiples, manji;0'js, (rfap^B, bananes, eranberi'ies, and i I'trawbeiries. The latter, when in season, us thoy wore | nt the time of onr visit, are riorr abmelant tliiiii in per- j haps any other part of ttio M-urlil. N - ■•v lii'roriT liiivu ) v,-e si-'Cii siK'li a rtranberry-and-eream-ealilie; ]i!ii('e as 1 San Kraiieisd). (Jne eullivator, iieross the Imy, has fifty ; a'res laid ont in this frnit alone. Tho maiifj:oes aii.l . Iiauniias iii-i! brought liu n fovtiiiirlit) by I'a.st-sailiii)^ sehoonei's from tho Sandwieli Islanils, which havo bc- eoiiic a sorb of market -gardou, ns well as sea-sido resort, i tor till) iiiiialiitants of tho Golden City, thonf.'h nearly two ihoiisMiid miles ii'viiy. Hut what is that dislaliee to an .Ainefiean ? Tho bay furnishes nbniidanee of oysters. Krom the other I'aeitie .States of AVashiii;>-|iin and Ore|.ron ve.,'e- tablos, j;anio, and coal arc .sent hero. Hut California itself furnishes uliiio.-t every kind of vejti' ; (^iiriiot^, liynrinlliM, nml /irciuiH Imvi' lii'on fiiiinil in viiriniiii ^'nlil-tlrlils, llio IftltiT in nin»iili'mliln iiHiiilirrrt ; iipftlH, ftiiU'llivHt.-i, jnspiTH, riM'i ni^'iifoH arc known t« liiMiliMniliint ill thi» Ovimm iliMtrict, iith) Hpi'ciiiifMH of flniiio of thi'in Imvn Iiimmi pli'k'-il upon i>tlii>r i^oM-fii'M.^. 'I'ln-rc iirr alio isulafi'il iiiHtntiri'H of frrniR iinvin^ lii-i'ii fuiinil at NorUinito, niiil ntliiii' p1ii(>i>H in ttin jniinniliiito virinity of Mi'lliniirno. An to till* vdliin of tlii'so ffrins, in hoiiio faH0,-4 It wnn roiisiiliTalili*. 'I'lio lii'Ht yi't (liHOovrri'ii was n niai^iiitii'i'iit ilianiKii'l, wi-i^'liiny aliovi' tliiTo onrntH in tlio ron^'li, wliicli wii.i fniiiitl in tlio HiM'diwortli ilistrict. I(h worth, aO it lioint; cut, wa.'i OHtiinuti'iI at JtilS or £10. Tin- ilianioniln in yiMirnil lioro n Bti'oni,' ri'Koni- lilmioo to tlioHO of till* rirhcHt (liiuiinnd-yioUlinL^ localitiofl of Iti'a/.il. — MelhnurJU' Anxff^'hmi'nt. Si.KimF-TRAVRl.i.ivn IN I'oiMi nKnioNs.— A(liipiiii(> tho inoilo of niTOHiirin!,' joiinii'yfl wliicli nppoari to linvo Iiim'u usimI liy navnl otlirn.-., rnul wliicli I Hn]i])OHO niiiflt lio corriTf, F linil tliat an nvrraLro (lay's inartli of my party in jour' nva over tlio ico in tho ppriiii,'n of lst7 ami lH.>t\\a^ nonrty twontv ^?oo- Xrapliical iniloH, Si-vrral Immlri'il miles of tin c join ncyH voi'o ovi'r hind, wluro it in lianhr work to liaiil ii hUmIl'o thin: iiiik'fl tlian it is to haul it live niilpH ovit ico. In l.S.ll, fnun Ilenv liako a Inns; journey was perl^irined nlon'; tho Arelle foasi, (luriiif,' which I, as usual, hauled a sled??" ol ivinsideralilo wei^dit. Our aveniL'e day's niareh was on this oerasion alioiit twenty-four K00f,'ni|iliieal iiiih'S. When on our way homo lliii followiiif,' nutiinin we fjot frozen in, mid had to tnivel IT.'iD Btntute miles on snow shoes, wliieh we did nt the rate of tweiity-rii.dit statute miles a day ; and (he last -jrid miles, when nided by doi,'p, were aeeoiiipUslied in ten days. Tlin hit^hest and lowest ftvonii,'e day's walkin;^ ipioted hy Captain Oshoni nu liavin^ hoen nceoniplislied hy ^'overiinient ollieers arc re- Rpcctivoly sixteen tuid a half ajid ten j^eo^rapliieal niili.'S ; mine aro nearly twenty-four and tvventy ^eo^^niphieal miles. If, as I ntn told liaa been tlin case, frro^ wiw f^iven to the sailors at tlicir lunch or dinner when tnivellin",', I can readily account for tlioir day's journey bcini; so short. They miijht haul very well for nn lionr, or pi^hapg an hour and a half, nfler taking their " nip j" but after that they would soon fiijj. — Dr. Ha': fiKiiNUN IlnspiTAl., Dat.ston. — Tho number of in-pntienta in the hospital, from the 1st of January to tho 31st of December, 1804, was 7U5 ; refused for want of room, 3fil ; of these 118 were cured ; made out-patients, 133 j relieved, Dl ; dismissed, 10; died, 71 i on the hooks, 3'.). Tho number of out-patients duiins! the sanio period was 17,728, makinfj n jjmnd total of patients roliovod durint? tlio year of IS, 523. Of the in-pationis 192 were cases of accident — of theso 158 were flngliidi and 21 Ucnnnn ; of tho out-patients 910 were cases of accident, and nearly all woro Enj^lish. Tho prand total of in-patients since tho opening of tbe hospital was 13,135 ; tho prand total of out. patients, 101,300; and, in addition to these, there were 9581 ilontal cases. Tho receipts for tho year wcro £1171 17*. 3d. ; oxponditiiro .€3700. iNVKNTloy or Cast Step:!.. — A correspondent of "The Times" has lately claimed the invent ion of cast steel for a ShcHioId workman named Waller. Tho invention has hitherto been generally nscrilwd to lieiijan.in Ilunstman, who was born in Lincolnshire in 1701, and died at Shellield in 1770. Hut, if tho information just received from a liij;h authority in Sweden bo correct, it would seem that Hnntsnian was not the author of this invention. Broling, a Swede, who lived in Knifhind, and idiiefly at Sheflield, dnrini? the years 1797, 17'.»8, and 1799, published aflor his return to Sweden a complete deseiiplion of tho process of castinf? steel, from which tho following' state- ment is a nearly literal extract. It sliouhl be stated that Broling was master of tho mint in Sweden, and was a competent, im- partial, and trustworthy observer. In tho middle of tho last century there lived in Shctheld a poor workman named Waller, who earned his living by working up into lace gold and Bilvcr bi'loii','ln'.< to other person". Always intent upon improving hi.i articles, Iik hooh f.iuiiil that the greatest dillleiilly ho had to contend with was want of soundness and |ioll.ih in his mils, the chief tools in hi-i art. Mo liad tried thn most renowned kind* of Knglisli, (iernian, and Swedish steel, nrid asrertai I that steel made in Kn:,'liind by the process of ceiiieiitall"ii from Daiinemorii iron was the best, Hut, as pieces of steel liogn enough for I ■' rolls could not be procured free from (laws, ho tried to melt steel by alloying it with other niotui, but did not succeed. Only ader many years of incessant labour tin acc!> dentally diseoverid that steel melted alonn was perfectly sound and capabh* of being forged. Waller, whoso heuiitifiil laoos were ginerally admired, bi ing proud of his impormiit invention, was soon templed to exhibit his rolls, and lie felt convinced that tho secret of his art woidil Heciire to him his pro-eininenoo. He preseiiled specimens of his improved steel to some edge- tool mniiufactiirers, and 'ho tools undo therefrom showed an evenness of edge and n freednr om defects which hail not previously boon obtained with iiy kiuil of steel, and which, consicpiently, attracted general attention. A rich maniifaclurur into whose hands some of those specimens had fallen, and who knew that Waller l.nd hmg been engaged in att-^mjits to improvo tho rpiaiity of steel by melting it, submitt'd them to tho cMimiiiatioM (if nn able cbymist, in order to ascertain whether tho steel was al'oyed or not with other metals. Tho (picstiini was soon answered in the negative, and trials were then mado of nieltingHtei-i with the addition of tltixes, to prevent its biirn- in;; or oxid'/ing. The result was Huceeas. and steel as good an Waller's •i-as produced. Ilunstman, jierceiving tho jieeiiniary value of !lie invention for edgo-tools, nnd possessing tho requi- slle means, creeled works and began to melt steel on a largo scale. As ho .;tnmped his name on every bar of steel which loft his workshop, both buyers and cimsumers were under tho impression that Ilunstman was die inventor of this kind of steel. The real inventor, being depressed by :-'irrow at seeing himself thus robbed of tho honour ns well as tho prill L of hU invent ion, ended his days so little known that an inii|uirer into the history of cast st(,'el could not, without miicli ditliculty, discover even t h>< nuinn of tho niitlioi ofoneof tho UMSt impor- tant inveiilions of the last century. AursK Ol' I'liiVATK .IiiioMKNT IN Remcion. — Whether wo think we can dispense with human help in learning religion or not, it seems certain that our Lord did not intend us to do so ; for he apjjointcd an order of men whoso especial duty it is to leach the groat doctrines of thoir religion. It is a historical fa(!t (as certain ns the rcsurr.ction of our Lord) that ho ap- pointed a number of his disciples to the special work of leach- inff his religion ; that these, again, appointed others to succeed them in the - uiie work; and thifro has continued such an order of ministers from our Saviour's time to our own ; and this is a fact which cannot bo safely lost sight of when wo interpret tho Scriptures. Wi^ro the object of our study nn ordinary classical writer, nn inter|)reter, who, devoid of sobriety of judgment, should scorn to study tho opinions of tho wise and Icaniod men who had preceded him, would be likely to arrive nt conclusions moro startling for their novelty than valuable for their correct- ness. — Archhishnp Whalcbj. liKTrEK OF (,'OWI'EII TO Mil. 11111.1, Of Nkwtobt Paonfi. " lly dear Sir — If you liad only commond(!d mo as n poot 1 should have swallo.vcd your praises whole, smacked my lips, and mado no reply ; but, as you ofl'er mo your friendship and account mo worthy of your affection, which 1 esteem a much greater honour than that of being a poet, even though approved by you, it seems necessary that I should not lie rpiite dumb upon BO interesting nn occasion. Your letter gave me grea: pleasure, both as a testimony of your appri bation and regnnl. I write in hope.) of pleasing you and such as you ; and, though I must confess that nt tho same time I cast a sidelong ginnoo at the good liking of the world at large, I believe I can say it was moro for the sake of their advantage and instruction than thoir praises. They are children. If wo give them physic, wt m'lst sweeten the rim of the cup with honey. If my book ia so fir honoured as to be made n vehicle of true knowledge to any that are ignorant I shall rejoice, and do already rejoice that it has procured men p'-oof of your esteem, whom I would rather pleaao than all tho wi iters of both reviews. When your loisun and your health will allow yon to trot over to Oliiey, you will most surely bo welcome to us both, and even welcome if yo\j please to light your pipe with tho page in (piestioii." ' 1^ T / ^ FACIM'MNTINO. TIT PaONFI.— 10 ns i» poot 1 wkeil my lips, frinidsliip and strcm n much j,'li [ipproYC'l il\iito ihiml) vf mo prcn: rwid roKniHl. . , mill, tlniiigli liiloliinn k'"""" vc I cnii any it i^tniction than ii'in physio, wt. If my book is knowlpclgo to .(ly rpjoicc that 1 woiilil rather on your loiaurt Olncy, you will wolcomo if yoU iiitonil II ilicpplidn, nr to l.iiiilli! iiiiliiwl'iil tlcxirrH in thu lii'liiildrra. Hut tin' I'l't'iicli lailicH, xu liir n^< tlifir pur- IKISU COInf-VH ill IIIICMtioll. nillrtl llO lUipliftlll of llOtll tllf.Sl' I liur).' <. Niiliddy Mii|ipiiMi'.H till ip iiiluiir In lio iiiitiinil !iir a ijioiiu'iili liny iiiui'd llrtii it' it wcro liliiii in* ki'-'H; mill lliis iiiiaiiilii^iiiiii.-i jiiilv'iiii'iit III' tliii iiiutti'i' in iiwiii);; I ( twii iiiiii'.Hi UfKl, to till) uiiivcriiil Iviiiiwliilfjo wi^ havr, tliiit l''iviirliwi)liirli iiro liiiliiriilly lirnwii nr yillnw, nilli very I'l'W I'^riptioii ^ i iiiiil, h iiilly, to tlio iimrti- ili'lal luiiiiiKir ill wliii'li (lii'V |iiiiiit : loi' liny ilo nut, iih I mil Malisliictiii'lly iMl'iii'iiii'il, om ii aUriiipl an i"iitiitiiiii irl' iiiitiiiT, lull lii'siiii'iir llieiiiM'lvL'S lia.xlily ami at, u vou- lin'o, iiM\iiiiin only to lay mi iiiiuiif^li. SVIiori', tliiTrl'mo, llii'l-i! in no Waiilnil iiili'iiliuii, iiiir II ^visli to (Iimtivi', I niii ilisruvoi' iiii iiiiiiinrality. Iliil in Kii^laiiil ([ am nlVaiil) our ]iaiiitiMl ladii's aro imt ckiirly iiilillril tn tJiii smiiii iip()liij.'y. Tliry ovrii imiintu iiatiuM with hhcIi 1 xarlius", jliat tliu wImjIo jiiililio is Hoiiictiiurs iliviilnl iiitd pari ii'S will) litifTiil'' witli },'rr:ii Wuriiith tlio (|iir.-i- tioii, wliL'tlmr paiiitril or not, 'I'liis «aM ri'iiiarUably llin ca . 1 willi u Mis.H 11 , wIioTii I «rll roiiicnilii r. llrr rosfsmiil lilios wcro never illscoviriil to be «|mriuiis llll him ullaiiK'il an ii^'O tini' tiiiulo tlio KiippiiMitinii of llieir liciiifj natural iinpossililo. 'I'lii^ aiixiily to lit; not inci'i'Iy rnl ami v, ! 'c, wliicli isalltliey aim at in France, liiit lo 111) lliiiiii,'lit viry lieaiilirnl, iiiid much more licaii- lil'ill llian iialiiri^ lias inado llii'iii, is a symptiiiii not very I ivoiinilile III the idea, ^ve would wi>h lo eiiteitaiii ol'llie I'lastily, purity, and modesty ol' our eoiintrywoincii. 'I hut they an? Kui'ly "I' " |iiiiion ujiiitM iiKulf ii^tu two Kiipo.situ KidiH upon the same i|iieslion. I can siipjiose a Krcneliwoiuaii, though pi.iiited an inch deep, to lie a virtiiou,', discrrel, excel- lent eharaclor; mid ill no instance should I think the viiirse of ono hecuuse she wa.i paiiUed. Jhit uii Kiighsh liellu must jiardoii me if 1 have not the same charity f ir her. She is at least an ini|Kiator, whether she cheats mo or not, heeause idie im'iiiis to do so; and it ii well il' that he all 111" eensure she deserves. This liriiiitsme to my seeoiid class of ideas upon this t'.pie; and Ic re I feel that 1 should he fearfully pu/.zled v.ere 1 called upon to recommend the ])raitiee on the ;-' oi'O of rouvenieueo. If a hnshand chose that his wife should paint, perhaps it mi<;lit In; her duty, as well in lior interest, to comply. Ihit I think ho would not much consiiR his own, for reasons that will follow. Ill ilio first place, she would udniirc herself the tnoro; and, 11'. the next, if she maiinfied tho matter well, slio niit^ht he nioro admired by others ail ac(|uisitioii that niinht lirin.i; In.'r virtue under trials to which otherwi.'^e it iiiiufht never havo been exposed. lu no other ease, Ihiwcver, can I imagino tho pnictico in this country to I.e either ex[)edient or eonvcniont. Asa jjcneral one, it eeiiainly is not expedient, because in general Knglish- v-omeii h.lvo no occasion for it. A swarthy complexion '. ;v riifiiy hero; aud the Bcx, especially siiiec inocula- ; ; III has hecu BO much in use, havo very little cause to ei.iiplain that nature has not heeu kind to them in the :o I iclo of complexion. They may hide and .spoil a, good .•lie, but they cannot (at least they hardly can) give 1 hemselves a better. Hut, even if they could, there is iiHCH bolli. Now thcffo wliitn jiiiint.^, or lotions, or what- ever they may he called, iiro mercurial ; cotiHrfpnntly poisonous, consi'i|iii.|itly ruinous in tiiiiu to the euii- .^tiliition. 'I'lin iMiss II - - iiliove iiii'iilioned was a iiiisenihlii wiltiess of tlio truth, it being (irtaiii that. her llesli fell I'rotu her boiie.s hel'oro she died. Lady Coventry was hardly a less melancholy proof of u, ; and a Ijoiiihm physician p i haps, were he nt lilierty lo blab, could piililish a bill of I'lniiile moiiality of a length thai' would I'stoiiisli u>t. l''or these reasons I iilteily condemn the praclico ai it obtains in Kiigland; and for a reason superior to all these. I must disiipprove it. 1 cannot indeed discover that .Si'ripture forbids it in ho many words ; but Ilia!, anxious Kolicitiide about the ;" - on which such an nrti- lice evidently hetriiys, is, I uni u'e, contrary to the tenor iiiid spirit of it tin oiighon'. 8how me a woman with a painted fare, anil .. '.Till hUow you a woman whosii heart is set on tl lugs nf tho onilh and not on things above. But tbii observatiou of mine applies to it only when it is nn imilative ar* ; .'oi in the use of l''rc:iiehwomen I think it is 'in innore.it as in the niio of the wiM Indian, who draws a (i.cJe round her feci-, and niiikes two spots, perh.ips blue, perluips while, in the midillu of it. >SiU'U are my' thoughts upon tho matler.* AN TO CAKIliOU AND HACK. F.Mir.llANT's JoniNKY TO TIIK t.OI.II-ril'I.llS TN TintTIsU (Or.UMtllA. IV. — vicroiti.v — v.\Ncor\ i:r's isnxii. IiKwi.NO San Francisco by the steamer " .Sierra Xeva. In," ill four days we reached \"aurniiver"s Island and landed at ICsi|uimault, a port uboiit four miles from the capital, "\'ietoria. Leaving our liiggngo in charge of a bliiek porter, to be brought on by call, we vvalki'd to Victoria, which jiliice we found crowded with emigiunts on their way to liritish Columbia. On arriving nt night at tho " ('.il"iiial liot'd," we were glad to have a billiard-room allotted us fomiir lodgiiig-plaee, as nil the bedchambers winv. Illled. However, wnijiijiiig onrsihes in blankits, we slept soundly on ilie lloor, and so took oiir (irst reposu in her .Majesty's dominions on the I'acilie, Tho next day we spent in walking about Victoria. Iti is a rapidly iiierea.-ing town, of about five thousand inha- bitiint.). J I s appearance is not very Jirepessessing, as tho houses are built in the nio-t irregular manner, some bciiij^ erected with their sides an •'. gable. ends to tho atrect, others at some distunco back, mid small log cottngea wide by side, " promiseuouBly" with larj^e hotels and government, ollices. Most structure: are of wood, a few of brick, thu ])avemeii(s or side-ways being of wond. The position of Victoria, close to the .Straits of Juax de Fncn, and on the route to tho Fiiiser's Kiver settleim ids, indicates a prospect of ]ierinancnt and increasing im]ioitance. ]t;f port of .Ksr|uiinaiilt has recently been select, d as the naval station for Ih-itish ships of war in the I'acitlc, in lieu of Valparaiso, ilost of tho hind "lots'" in i-lio vicinily of the town have been bought up by speculators, especially from tSan Francisco, and reiiiiiin lia' the jire- seiit " locked," till a great rise in value tciii]its their owners to sell out to parties really wishing to hnihlnpon thein and aettlo Ihere. But man;, Aen.J/ii/ii emigriinta have ]iurcliased land from tea to weiity miles distant from Victoria, and aro generally prospering in their being rich and fertile, liullock-teams are in et IV tragedy in tl»o aeqiiel which nhould make them ! operations, the soil hereabeiits ivMiblc. I understand that in France, though the use ! and itsjirico at pr esent clw :;p. oT roiigo be general, the use of white paint is far from I " , ,,,„,,,. „,■ wiiiiam ('..n-por to Rev. W. Twin. ■' foK-per oiling so. In Knglaiid, sho that uses ono commonly | U'ltcm," i>. 2rs. rniiHslici i.yth? lii-IiiiiousTiM'-t Society. ■ a./i 21G TO CARIBOO AND BACK. prcat (lomaiid for flrnriiii^ llio ll0^vly-1JOllL'llt l;itid nl' tiiiilicr ami siiuiips: in (ira'.v tlie lattor, oight or ten pair yl' beasts ui'o ol'tcu used. Ii5^:-^*^MM^ coiiimriicinp; war. Tlio latlor lins roasod to oxcrt iso i'mIIiil; liHici idiis in tlicM' fcLrion-. A lilcssiiif^ it is fur ! all couc(.'iin.il, whon tLc militaiv iimi iiaval iviircs'iita- DHWVISCi OIT TREE-fcTl'MI'S WITH ( ATTLE. ■ Alloi' a few (lays' stay at, Viitoria wc ro-ciiibaikod on a slcajiici-. fur the conc-hidiiii,' iK^rtioii of our hiw^ Toyago fniMi i^iiglaiul to IJrilisli Culiimbia. This part of it was, however, of short diiriitinii, us we reached our liestin.itioii, Now W'eslmiustur, the capital of Uritish Columbia, the evoiiiiig of the same day ou whieli wo left Vancouver's Island ; the distauco being only about eighty miles. lIOl■^L^ -M lioi< On our way we p.'isscd the (elebraled island of San .Iiiun. which is claimed both liy the Iti'ili.-h and American ^'overnmeuts, and is, for 'he present, jointly held l>y soldiers of the two natiou;i. A few years ago this dis- puted terruory very nearly led to a war between them. Indeed, the avoidance of jsuch a terrible ralaniily was owing, inidep l'rijvi<|ence, to the courteous but lirm refusal fif Admiral Baynes and Ca]ilani Hornby to com- |>ly with the oi'ders i<.-ned by (■iivernor Douglas for tives III' (Ireal Britain, in her distant dependencies, an so tiiiip' lute iind jndicioiis as tln^ two ollicers just alhidi'd to, acting as dignitaries fully uble to nniinlain her power, without coinprumising her lio'nour or jilung- ing her into the liorrois of bloodshed. -FllASEH S IlIVl II. i.'t, eoii? of the ri\cr for the whole distance, '>y way of JI(i|ie, Yale, Tjyttou, and Fori Derens, a ))oiiit one hundred and eighiy-eighi, miles IVom tin,' sea; ijiit, as the river is not i.avigalile higher than I'ort Yale, and as its valley beyond that point is of the most rugged and precipitous nature, the generally a(Uipl.ed ronl.) to the ii|iper count ry is by a ilrliii'i- of lakes, river.'., and iiortages, to the wostwitrd of tho Fraser. Travellers by this lino leave ihc! latter river at the town of Carnarvon, and ]iass by ;li(^ eiglit-iiiile-long Ifarrison Hiver into Harrison Lake uhirly-seveii miles in length), and solo Douglas; thence by Hot .Springs, Lilooeit Lake. .Vii(h'i'soii River, and lakes Anderson and Selon, to Fort Herons, whore the I'l'aser valley is again entered. 'I'lio latter point is iwi hiindreil and twelve miles from tho month of the river, liy the route just indicated. Following the Fniser above Fort .Vli'.\ander, or taking a more dinit naite iicro.'*s the hiounlains, and branching up the l^liiesiiclle (a tri- butary IVom the east). I he Cariboo diiTLjings are. reached. These III. ninth of r,ake Cai'ibo.i, which is itself north <>t Lake llnesnell,., nnd iibouk Ibnr binidred miles from llio nioiiih of l''ia>,'i-'s llivcr. Thi,^ explanation, with small lake at the north end of the larger and mountain- girt Harrison Lake. Ibit wo need not thus specially characterize unyouc lake iu IJritisU Columbia, for every ruos'rt.sG .\ lavrR o.v lake, pond, stream, or valley inoimtains : the latter, like are luiiverjal features and fail Vif.i.i 11 iiii r. ^ hereabouts is embeihled in line-trees and niosipiitucs, oftl le count :v. T ;21^ TO CARIUOO AXD BACK. Di)iu;!;if( ik'rivo.s its lociil iMi|iovtini('o from its positiuii, | was Ibiind to bo iv (rood one after all. TLialuil togciicTii" r! tliR c'lmiiiiucemont nl' the usual land transit up tho | iiuligiiation against tlio buruian, ^ylio wus now luiily <r a liinr days' march of si\ty miles, over a mountainous and rouu^h tiiu^k. I'iaih of ns c'iari:^cd himself wiili a hur- ileii of aljout fifteen pounds weight. Whilst .some of us wore going from Wiro to store on ourcomniissai'iiit '.rraiiils, V. .-■ cspioil Olio of our lalo fi!llow-pa.ssoiigurs from Kiiglaiid "in tronblo," liu\ing \>frn ;'ivon in charge of a constablo by tir Ij.'.r-r.iati of t!io rivor-stcani ■!•, for pas-^iii;; bad money. Having found liiiii to bu a good sort of a follow, so fur as our pre- vious t"avollijig knowledge of liiin had ( .>:toadeil, we wore ([iiite |iro]iareil to bo- liovi; his jirotostations of innocence, or, at iiiiyr.ito, of ignoranco, a-; to tho coin (a sove- !■. 'gn) being a counter- i' it one. The constab!>, uinvovijr, hail no option- bit to taki! him to tha jr.Lol till tlio nearest inii- ;,'isli-ate eoiild bo (•.■ille.l upon |.> iiivi stigato tho ( liargo. One of our uiunbei', iVohisymiwtJn", re'|liested to bo p^ir- lllitted t ) keep his «M- f 1 tunato friend oomi- piuiy. Thi-i aiiplication v,,is acc'dcd to, niul b ill were locked up in li: ' vc ry primitive log- built ,';ao! for abont an li'iiir, v.-heii the magiii- I .itu arrived on tho int, and hoard tjio ...atomcnts of all parlirT:i to cviiiimi. TO C.^niBQO AXD HACK. 210 led to gc'iioi'iil IS now liiiily v~ ™4J, T E S open to IV suspifion of having bronglit Iho cliarno in onli r to t-xturt nidiiiy, willi a view to u conipi-uiiiisu tliruii,i,'li tliu fu:irs ol' Ihu iicciiseil. All tl lis (icciisiont'il Cdiis-idiinibli.'ili'liiy lit flai'tiiij^ j .'mil, on njoinlnj? llio rrst of onr ]i.ack-lraiiis aro mo.-ily bred on tho mimntaiii.s of Oregon and California; and, though very resli\o at tho" Mrs t imposition of a bnrdou, soon becomo tractablo and quiet, finding tlicir cflbrt.s at throwing olf their pack only result in wearinrss ami blows. Tiny are sold in .Sau Francisco fir about eight pounds Oiu-h. Our riiiito from Lilooelt, la^- across tho mountains to tho Fr.i:>oe liiver valley, near Lyttoii ; ihenco up tho wild and awful ravines in tho district of tho Thompson Kiver, jiassing Ijo.m Lake; and thence north, near Cireen and Axu lakes, to \VirUam's Lake. This ]>orlion of onr journey, being a di;iihly be. He sliiaiM have had every farthing: 1 told him so. If h(! and you had been fixed together with me, you would have been son and daughter to inc. Oh, it was very bad - very bad -madness, i|nite." And now the poor Doctor took to flapping his hands up and down on the arms of liis chair, ,'iis usual moile of expi-cssing any melancholy or despai ing emotinn. "I I'm your daughter, and never by any jiossibility could have been made more truly so," sidd Margaret, tenderly, and reseat ing herself; "as lothat little idinancc you are so fond of hatching up, about my being .Vithiir's wife, it, never would have been, nor could have been u true story." "And why not!- Haven't you said over and n\er again you loved him I"'' " L'H'i'il him ! 3'es, and love him now, more than yoii can imagine." "Then what was to himh'r it r for I'm sure ho loviil yon; no thanks to him for that." " Yes, I know he did; and. if things are as 1 believe, he lovos nie now with a lose you and I are unable in undi rst»iH(l." "Xow don't, Jvu'l, Peggy, go into your fancies abfiiit things. How can we tell what hiippui^si' There, do p' on, if you have anything to say;" imd the ferment in tho Doctor'.s niauuor warned her to bo wary. "1& u 'ost on il ; ( hpi ct, botiiig tliii: 'C. 11 witli my (nil. s nctliiif;, wliei. ut roiiRciciico !" »o. iiitci i . 11 ])li(iii know il," saiii — " tlin Doftdr ic on liim wlicii so Sony for ml you ill tlii- (in I hut, I Imd nii^lil, ill triilli, you t'io:ii soni.; ivouM lisloii ill (' inid ri'si, niiii cr lioiiiirl, aijil mlo to M'l' «li;i; iiiiiku nic pny tl voico. " I'lit 111.'!! in, mill siiy oil IcMOW I oiin't hi 1,1, llOW f'llU I liiiig clso now," bouiicl-striiiu'^ ivilli it lis rpiick 1 to koop hei" (Ml ev to my dear 'il 11 IjiMi'icr if infiiiiiitioii, (1 into iilinini- 10 niiu'lil liiivo III' slioulil If lio mid you llll IlllVC lllTll ■ry liad - vimt )r Doctor took ic iiriiis ol liis lurluiulioly or my ]ios'siliility ;uid Miirfriirot, litlli' I'oiiiaiicc M'iiicr Ai'iliur's il liiivi; l)c(>n II vcr ami (i\or ore lliaii yon uro lie liivicl ! us 1 llclirVl', irr iiiialilii tii faurics aliout 'i'licrc, do p' I' fennel 1 1 in iu iialinv, iiiul il is ho in ilioiij^lit. llnw nnicli tlinl, we Icani coinoa to us rellcclud from iniollicT iniud! Tlic wrild' wo most lovo tolls us wliat wc can npprclu'iul, but wlml, we liuvo inissnd, ourselves, ^^'o seo (M;r tliouf;lits in liin words; lie is a lookiiif^-f^'lass j he refleets us, und Wl^ s -e ill liini,au(l lake to ourselves that wliicli, perliaps, \vc should never have hit upon or KUKpecte(l. Above all lliis, wc find the Ilible itself e(3iiiparC(l to a rIiiss. In I his, as St:. James tells U:^, a man may look and see hiiuselC. Tt shows him what; ho is. Would it not be wi 11, indeed, if every one wore to sjicirI as lout; a tiiuu before this lookin>;-Klass lis he does before iho mirror in his cliamlier? Ihit how many a man lets his soul go dirlv, while lie washes and adorns his face! TO CARIDOO AND BACK. ,1\ I.MU.llANl's JOUU.NEV TO TllK GOI,I)-nKl,|iS LS' lUlllloU COI.IMIIIA. Mil.— s( i:.\i;rv of uuirisH loi.iMi.iA. SiiMi; portions of our route l;iy ncross mountain ranges, lioin who ie suii'mits we enjoyed most niat;iii(iceiit vie;, ^■, ;ind down wlioie steep pine-forested sides wo had to lead our horses .singly, and with tlio utmost cure. When (111 more level ground it wa.i only necessary to lead the foremost one, nnd the vi--l would follow in regular f''e. In other ]YA[-in of the journey, especially in the river gori;c!>, our track eondueted us along the most frightful preciiiices. There was no help for this, as we couUl select no ronti! iiun'o passable. Such dangerous travel- ling is a characteristic of l!rili>h Coliiinb'a, Oregon, nnd CiiNC'KHN'lNi! MJOKINCI-fir.ASSi;.- At •j:;i Their rivers How oftentiuie. i£ort;cs, whoso rocky sides tower Washington Territory, ihroiigh darkandawliil ,, pcrpiiidieularly from a thousand to liflccn hundred feet l!y a series of zisizng imlli-:, often but a yard in width, ■ inaii ajul lieast have to traverse those scenes of grand(?ur. Sad and liilal accidents often occur, and horses ami their owner.s aro dashed to pieces ou the rocks below, or drowned in the dicp foaming waters rushing down the narrow dellies from the vast; regions of mountain snow melling in the snminer heat. " No country in the world affords more romantic scenes. Till.' luountain.- iiouiiding them vise ui »tat,(Oy grandeur, oficiitinios far .ibove the clouds; now pvescntinj their nude sides, paved ' ' dark mas.-ca of frowning rocks, or proud forests lace here. The native races of British t'olnmbia exi^t in a condi- tion of even greater degradation and f'liualor than th" other aboriginal tribes of the Fur AV'est. jMaiiy of them inhabit holes and eaves ; others move about and erect temporary tents or huts of bark. Wc came upon a small parly of them thus encamped by an ice-cold loountaiu stream near William's Lake. They are exceedingly lib by in th'.'ir mode of life, swarm with vermin, iivii very lieeutious, superstitious, and cruel. Mr. Uuiicau fl. F. MacdonaUl states, in his valuable and iiitcrotiiig work ou British Columbia, that hu has seen no less than thirty scalpa in one of their wigwams I Truly " the dark placcj of the earth are full of the habilatioiis of cruelty." The Indiana living along the shores of the Gulf of Georgia (both in British Columbiii and Vancouver's Island) flatten the luads of their children by placing them, whilst very youii,g. in wooden troughs, over the nppor jiart of which a board is bound, so as lo press upon the as yet tender forehead, an>l iieriiianeiitly flatten it. Tho elfcct of this imaginary adornment is to impart, ii\ tho eyes of a European, an cvprcasion something akin to idiotey. The Indians of these regions derivt their chief sub- si.stonce from tho fine sahuou of their clear streams, and from the abiiudaut waterfowl of their rc'ky ir.lctc and estuaries. Tho triU'-s Airthor inland are often iiinclicd with hunger in the intervals between their rude feasts on bcar-llesh, venison, and tho numerous wild berries of their bushy jilains anilmuuutniu thickets. They keep thk'ir animal food till it ia ab.sohitely putrid, preferring to eat it thus. Not far from tho enearapmcnl just alluded to wo ob- served an Indian burial ground. Often only one corpse is deposited, and so lefY. in its solitary .slumber, either buried at a little de|)tli beneath tho earth, and staked round, or raisi^d on poles, or amoug.st tho branches of a tree, and so left to bleach and -inoulder drearily ill the storms tind snnshiue of tho Avilds. The former ]ios::essions of the decea.-'cd, as his gun or arrows, kettle and blanket, are also brought and ranged around his remains. Death would be inllicted by his mrvivors on any one found plundering tlicse relics. 'I'licy are rarely if ever nieddli d with, even by the boldest Indian. One of our cianradcs, once travelliiig in the wildernes.J, saw in the top of a high tree wlial appeared to be the large nest of some bird. Ciiriosily led liim to climb up and iusiK^ct it; bill, before reaching il. hedi.-teovered it to be the remains of some poor rndian, whoso relatives hml taken the trouble to bring him, aller (hath, to so strange a resting-])laee, secure, as they t-uppoicd, from th« desecrating paw of wandering bear or wolf. \ 'I'n cAiiinoo AS'i> nvi (■:. ;c. — VMI.I.IAM'> lAKl — IXII) MIIKll.iV Of IMI liUVM-, ■William's J-iikc (iil-c cillo'l Coliiinolz.'i) is about lorlj- niilo> siMith of Fort A1p\;iii(1in-. It is Min'ouiiilcil ''v snim: (■nin]i:ir!iti\oly fci-lili' Iniiil, and I'linMiiicr In ^"mr I'xUiil i^ tarried oi'i. Wc were l.u\y iihd lu r<.>t auliile of Micci'.-is, iiiiit iiM invfiii (■(iiiiiiii.,ii (.r tin- itjiiIii I'lnllic M|i. liirlroil, aOci' licariiiR llio cuiniihiiiilfi nf our trii- vnlliiipf difTicultips thus liiv, tiny mdy iiiHirliod iit ii> sayinp, " You'v'' not cvi'ii rciirliod llic liad tracks yet.' And wc soon Imd rca.sun to bcliev c lliciu ; lor, idnius; >tiil-.vrAl.V itOADIJ. at an inn lioro. i innifUuely on onv arrival \vi.' firdcr^'cl ii " .-^iiuare niual," and an ani|ilo supply ul' I'rosli hni'l', licans, caliljapjc, pics, millc, ton, and rolVoe was snt, lielbro ns. lo wliirli wo did jn-t.iliinL( wluil an appnlito is dcvilopfd by iIk; iirdnons travclliiiLr in (liis conntry. Solid nirals ol" animal I'ood, wliiili at lionif wonld snflicn lor tlio day, iwd lioro r('qni>ito several tinit'S within a similar p,'riii;l. and at a Ibarlnl rxponso; but notliincf can be acconiplisbod ollier\vis'\ 'I'bns, onr meal above mentioned cost three liaH'-ibjIlars, or ■-iv shillings, caeli. A little rest lierc Avas also nmsl, weleonio to onr poor horses, now ivdiieed to six. Tom, onr Calilbrnian jiackor, Avashed their sore baeks rrerinently with iJastile soap, as this application is (bund very enicneions. \W were not innrh inconrnged by the aecoinits' liorc received I'roiii r,ome parties ul' miners returning from the Cariboo digging-. They reported ii general failure , iminedialely alit r liavin,L,' "William's Lake, we I'niuid tlia j We had exchanged bad foi' worse, in t!ie matter of route- I onr horses Avere orien ]ihniged np lo the belly it ' swamps and mud. Miilish Ccilnmbia is truly a hors;' killintc eonniry. Al other times Ave dragged our bur dens heavily up stceji and forested nionntains. Thru I aj/ain, Ave met Irccpiently ivilh rapid and deep streaiM> I where, ill tin absence of bridges, we had to wade hi ' otherwise attempt (wthiiii. cn'c/.s) all manner of Hloiidiii I like performances, and often at the ri.sk of life and limf i{epeated jiraetice, however, enabled ns to perforin feat- of climbing, leapintr, and crawling Avhieh formerly wont h.nve sfenieil utterly impossibli^ to us. AVe new rr niarkeSorc'ly templed !>-: wo wm: to yiold to drspiiir, yet .«on\e of ns were rfsolvi-d to linivn out to tlu; end, feeling llmt, luivii\g r.unn llins fir, and lieiui; almost in niglit of ih'! laud of our liope", wo wouM ratlicr Iravn our bones tlirrc lluui abandon om' object wbeii :50 near its g; ■ ,j •. , ■'^' V K'/ iiC-IV'^ ■■i*i^h, 'r/M I A .ii.r>''' no wonder llie jadid bensls had run oO': but it was now evident that o\n' ]iacker had had no share in the matter. At night wo heard the growling of tho cinnamon bear, and lired oil" salutes I'rom our revolvers, liy way enlties with onr poor beasts were hero worse than ever ; i of warning and alarm. Afier quitting our encampment in fact, all but iusurmouutablc. After many such ' iii the moriung, wo shortly ]iassed u stake, on which mishaps, and many " spells" fur breath, wo at length got ' was inscribed, "A young man is buried here; being over this rrmarkablc stage of our jonrnoy, and were , killed by abcar at this spot.'' For ourselves, however, we most truly glad to find ourselves once more on dry, open ground. .\t. — •^Tii.i. Moiir. ius(i on our jonnuy liilhcr, wo .should mil fonsidor it ncfossiiry to tako tliuni a socoiid time; mid we have geiu'Tnlly observed that tlio.ii' jioivoiis who arc the least skilful in the u.sc of fire-arms arc the mo.'-l ii.~leiitiitiou3 iu their di.«iilay, aiul the most careless in liaudling them. Soon after tins .-^ad siieelaele of a leeent comrade's j;i'ave, wo reached lieaver Lake, whieh, like Wiliinm'.s Lake, is surrounded by some tolerable fanning land. -Hero wu s.."' turnips, cabbages, mid radishe.s being cul- tivated, but, as yet, had met with no iiotatoos in thi> country. I3riti.-li (.'ohinibia is not, in general, suited for agri- (iiltural development. The climate is cxci'ssivoly cold in winter, and iu .suiumer the Hoods from the mountains iumulate some of the valleys to a depth of many feel. JJuring the latter season the days are lino and brigh;, and warmer than iu Englmid, but yet are often siie- cecded by frosty nights— a suddenness of change very unfavourable to many kinds of vegetation. Jiut the (■limate suits the sturdy mountain trees : the cedar, the o.ik, and tho pine. Some of the latter hero often atuun a diameter of twelve (eet, and a height of more than two hundred feet— especially the Douglas I'ino. Kveu Ihcso giants of the moiuitains are somotimes burst asunder by the extreme cold of iho Biitibb Columbian winter. It is truly a savago region. Our next atopiiing-jiluce was Little Lake. Here we were only ten miles from tho Forks of Qiiesnelle, but these ten miios were amongst tho worst; for, iu tr»- \crsiiig part of the distance, wn were again plunged at times to tho middle iu swamps and between pro.s- tr.'ito dead trees lying aerofs tlio route. A.fter thus proceeding wo met a strange and very iiiicxpreted sptic- taclc — a pack-train of camels. They had been brought across tho racitic, at considcniblo expense, from the Amoor IJiver, in Asia, liy some "b'anken speeiilritors, but had jwovcd a very poor investment. Indeed, here llii'y reminded one of " lish out of water," by tho very fact of their wirling through swampy ground; inasmuch as tho camel is specially adapted for a dry and sandv re- gion only. Their large and expanding feet are most unsuitedtodeepmud; whereas the small and solid hoofs of the American miilo occasion nuieh less dinienliy in such circumstances. Tho clayey, swampy ground hereabouts extended even to the top of the mountains, where we had least expceted to find it; but, owing to some breadth of table-l.uid there, wo were di.-appointed. The semi-liiiuid elay iu the ))au.r, and h.id borne .sw.iy over her for years. iS'otwithstanding her sincoro lovo for Margaret, am! her secret salisfacti'Mi with her circumstances in life, she would often teuso her mistress with a look of diseonteiil , and a half-nuittered complaint. " What if I have it tolerable easy, and tolerable good wages, and tolerable as I likei' ' Si'rvice is no inherilance,' " was frei|uciitly on her lips. Jler I'ellow-servant Ivilly, who was young unci lively, and loved Margare't with all her heart, ofleii could not liel]i reproaching her with ingratitude. She would relieve herself by eiininunling on tho subject to Anne as shouorked; but Anno would pacify her with thoremni'k that Sarah was growing nuissy, like mi old stone, from want of rnlibing up; ov she was grcjwing rn.ily, like an old lock, for want of oiling. " Miss Awdrie is too easy with her: she should give her a rnli ; and you aro not liatierit enuiij^h; ijon .>ihould nil. her a bit, Kitl^y." Sarah lu'd, however, done Iho honours of the house very creditably to Mary and her mother, about whom, ucveitheless, she was consiilerably perplexed. Thus .^he ruminated; " Tln^ij jivro lai''r',',i.g, or that sho v.-..,-,i,eu I'litercat iii tlie huDJect on which .Mary mid Margaret wore so e.-irncstly discoursing; but Arlhiir hud been dead a long tinio ; sho bad been uii- hajiiiy idiout him a long time; the vibralion of her i',, |- ings, from tho .'•hock tho event hail givi'ii them, v.a) past, and it was not in hor to be sorry any longer, not. vividly sorry, as Jlaiy and Alargaret were ; yet she would not on any account have had it thought she was not as deeply conoornod as they were. So, between THE AINOS OF YKSSO. iicso wiiu) ; 1111(1 ccrtiiiiily, iilllKm-,'!! llio .Tii]iiiiicso ilo not iictiiiiliy tivut till! Aiiius witli iilisdliito ciiii-lly, tlicy hci/.d every ojiinirtiinity to tiliow tlio siiprmiu ccjiitcinpb ill wliiili tliry lidld tlieiii. 'I'licy mo iisi"nee of Ijones in the animal, I have no doubt :)ut that ihe peeling operatioii would be carried on to the very core, as one may say ; but bones, of course, make a dillc'renee. The mere ishape, the mode of cutting up meat, is ii small matter alter all — a mere nuiitcr of convention. A Clerman butcher's notion of nuat ele- giuieo is that it should be trimmed as nearly as possiiile into the form of a ball. Spani.--h and I'ortugiiese butchers svllect the riband or fillet form; our butchers pride themselves on the manufacture of meat rounds, rib blocks, and sirloins. Everyone to his taste; and, mere niipearunce rugarded, it would bo conceded that our biitcliers liavo the udvantago over those of every other country. Appearance is, however, a small matter: to liave a good material is the main point. Jlorcover, ;i good ih^al ajudiee against certain modes of cookery; because of their unbending mldiction to jilain roast and broiled, and l:oiled and fried, they are either driven to buy prime cuts, so called, or else to work upon meat wholly unada|]ted to those operations. I c:in readily understand how this came about: it was mainly deter- mined bj- the nature and prodigality of our national fuel— coal. Perhaps, too, our natiomd tinie-thrilt has something to do with it; jierhaps our cooks like to boil, roast, broil, or fry furiously, as if agiiinst time, that all may sfioner be over. If our cooks would kindly bear in mind Ihe obvious fact that a stewing operation does not need looking after, then would they at once perceive that the haste now evinced fails wb )• of its intent: iVoi'Jd fail oven though the victuals suould be what they arc not — satisfactory. Since the introduction of this cliar(|ni, or jerked beef, amongst us, I laive read the ])apti's attentively, relative to modes of cooking it. Now, they all come to this : — 2\'o liist and furious way of cookery will do for Soulli American beef, lloasting, broiling, frying, are equally ineligible. I might even add boiling; and a chemist would understand me, even though tho winds might come even as Uivck or High Dutch to a British cook. Soups and stews should viirr boil: at the most, tluy should only simmer. Bearing this in mind, charqni may be made agri cable to eat under a variety of forn;s. Only spare it the infliction of a violent lire; only treat it soup liishion or stew fashion, using gentle heat and giving ])lenty of time, charcpii is sure to come forth in II way to gratify one's taste, as well as to harmoni/.o with Qiic'.s digestion. Yes. I aver tbis of charqui, CTCU 2V' fi')\''l-\\ AAFKinCAX IJIMIF. Ihoimli IM) |.ivliiiiiuiir.v ('ln'iMlioM uf wii.sliiiii;. >ti'iiMni.'. mil liinnviir,' luviiv llii) "iH"'' I'^i'* '>''•'» Fuctisr.l. Siidi pivlinniiiMT Ir imTit i.-i t.> I"' ivn.iiniK'iukMl, liortwcr; iiiiil, il'lli.'\vi;ti;l' llM'd Inr .stoc|>ili,l,' 1"-' clislitly f'li_iM-[iciu'il hy a liilli) viiK'.u'ar, why, nil tliu lnHttT. Air. '\ViiriiMci-, i'(iol>( rv iii.>ili'ii''iiii' I" tl"' iii'iiiy, recomini'iiiLs llmt (•lmn|u'i ho iiiiii.u'lod will) simiio \\\t \ll lllllH'S. Will, ll.' i-i n'l^lit, |vrliii|is, m tii llu: iTsult ; liiil rri';.h lioni'H nro iiiit, \irv clii'iiii to liiiy, iiL'illn'V is ndt |"'rk. I want tn Id'ep ilii'wii llii; sum lotiil of tliu stiw. In llic iiilorcst, ut' TiilMl' Jiroplo. Dipiilitli'ss, wliivvc not soon llir I'lill inoasiii'i'iif Si):illi Aini'i-iran IhoI' I'csuiuves just, yi't. I'uulitlrs-i, naidi animal ii'iti' nriit, imw liutivlyiiijr In "a^.to nvi r lliu Siiulli AiniTii'au coiitiiR'Ut, I'l-Dm Dariuii to riitaijmiiii, will ill timo III-' iiiaili; availalilo to ImiiL^iy Jiriii-li smmac'liH. Kvrn now, whilst this is lirim,' in'iiin'il, I uotiro tho psialilishmciit ol' u farlnry in Snulli Amrrifa, uiiiliT tin; auspiix's uK lianin J-iuliif.', lor the iii-r|iarul,inii of a ccrtiiiii " (.sstMico of meat," wlmlly ilr|irivcil of fatty anil ulutiiiniJH mnlpvial, tlio ivoiuliM-fully rrsloralivo proinrtirs of wliii'li have Ijcc^m fully alti-stvil in Franco, a« Will as ill (lorniany. At tlio reroinmriidution of liaroii Licbiij, as it seoniH, this meat essence was iiitro- iluiril to tlio IJuvarian iiliarmacopd-ia ns n inodicinal ngoiit ; but tlio liiiviii'ian p'oplosoon discovered tlio lioiielit of usiii!» it lis an article of diet. Hitherto, the Bavarian e-iscnco of meat has been prepared at home, from native oxen and sliee]i; licnee the liilli )iriee — about two sliillinirf the ounce— at which it is retailed by (ieriiian apothecarie'- I\otwillistamlini» this, howrver, and purely, as Lieliii; p;ives the public to nndersland, as the result of their own iiiiiircssi.nis, the Ciirman jieoplo ]iun'liasi.' the essence of meat Iroin the apotlu .'aries for doiiiistic .use. Tl is dit'iii'uU, I lliiiiU, to oveiTato ibo iinportimre of any selieine tliat tends to lessen the pnvaleneo of hard liviiur, with all its <'oiicomitiiiit cvil.s of disease, snft'er- ing, and, one must add, a sinired, irritable frame of mind, suseeptible in tlio liisliest decree to respond to ovil moral iiitUeiices. 'I'lins, at least, does it seem to the writer; and, actnatied by tlii.s belief, lie has devoted mert! words and s]iaco to Amcriciin beef than was inreni'led when he first aat down. TO CAUIBOO AXD BACK. AX i;jii(>iiA;;i's jinuxKY to the liOLU-riKi.Ds is lir.iTisii C0LU.M1I1A, Mi. — THE lllllKS OF QrK3Nl:l.I.K. This place is the principal dc|i6t for provisions and materials fur the mines, being about fifty mihs from the gold region of Antler Creek and adjacent parts of Cnriboo. The town at the Forks consists of general stores (mostly kejiti by Ji'Ws) and sibility of aid or ueci'ss by thi'ir owners, who are compelled to leavi' th' in til die, and to siill'er the utter lu^s of thi' property lalleii with them. In conseipience of tho contiiined and general dis- conragenieiit from nearly every miner we met iit tlii.H and pievionsly visited pliM'es, the majority of our purly now roliiiipiisheil ilieir purpose of pushing on to the diggings, althiiugli iirrivi'd as at their very threshold. Kveutiially only about eight out of the seventy einigraiits who lell Hoiithampton with us for (,'uriboo reached that destination. The dillicnlties of travel licru uie truly stn]iendons ; and every capablo of giving an opinion agrees that no country in the world can bo C(impi..eil with llritish (,'olumbia in tlii.s respect. "Wo had rnii- stnntly to experieni'O tho utter fallaeiousiioss of certain writers who have sent homo glowing reports of this land and of its advantages. Misled by such gross misrepre- sentations, thiiieaiiils havo bitterly rued the day that they ever landed lierc, and nioro than a low luivo left their bones in these .solitary wildernes.scs and vast gorges. We met iiunibers of strong and active men, who wouM have gladly given their hard lalioiir even for their food, ■witbiml liiiy otlu-vvenmin.iivliiin ; luit lliolr sei\ i>-,:s IViiilld no eni]iloy. And it is a fact that we saw a crowd oi men standing around a butcher's slanghter-lioiise wait- ing for the olliil of 11 bullock to be thrown amongst them. This they seized like a jiackof hounds. Ilundieds, after working like slaves, and cx]icndiiig all their little capital, have had to retrace their weary way down to the (oast, with scarcely rags enough to cover them, obliged to tie a bit of sacking round their bleeding feet, iiiiil to sell their blankets for a very littlo bieiid. (The price of a Iialf-ipiartern loaf wa.s now six shillings.) Our small jiiHly reached Keithleys' Cicek in two days from the Fork."., jiassing along tliu shore of Cariboo Lake. Tliero wo paid half n dollar each to cross the deep stream in n boat; and it was money well ex])is|ilic'ro bilturly loUl, nil Imiiyli in the siiiiuiicr bousuu ; I'oi' wo were now iiiiiuii;4>t iliu iiiluud iii'iiiiiliiins, MM. — Ai IMllUOO — TIIK llllllilMiS. So wr niuliud Cariboo lit liwt ; Cor Aiitlor (^wk is oiiii III' the |iriiiri|iid placrs ill tin.' Ciirilioo dislrii't. Wi: round till' iiiiiii'i's gi'iKM-ally ns dispiritrd as llin acciaint.i ri.'1'iivi'il on niir ii|iwarii juniiuy liad rcfiri'sintcd llicni to 1)1". M.iny Wi'i'i' l;(iii|iiiij; uway. VtL Imlli liiri', and nt llir m'i;,'hlii,ui'iiii; ili;,"^iiij,'i of William's Ci'i'ck, l-akc House. IiiKlilniiij.; Canon, I,ast C/'lianci', I'dcrson's. David's, uiid Cuniiiii;^'liani'ti Claims, iniicli gold was Ijimii},' timnd. At till' latter [ilac-'i' two Imndi'rd oiinci'S pir diem were said to lie talien out. Jiidei.'d, tlicio is j,'oiid reiLsim to liilievi.' that this si ,'ison I'lilly a ton of gold has lieeii here oh- tained. lint at wlmt n cost! The i.\|>enses are eiior- iiions; for I he mined herealiouts are not more surface- v.'orks, li!;e niaiiy of those in Australia and California, hut involve heavy outlay and dou]) eN|i!oi'alion. , AVo were iiiformi'd that the sinf,de item of candles i;iiii)iinti'd to si\ly dollars per diem i'v one mine. Skil- till miners were ohtuinint; wages of from eif;ht to t'li il.llara a day, and workint; in sneeessive relays, day and iii.Ljht. JJut then, these were eNperii.neid men, cliii'lly ;Voni Cornw.'ill and California. 'J'he general run of im- niigi'iiiils could neither aeeoiiiplish such work, nor meet with the opportunity of being employed. The above w-gcs may appear very hjgh ; but it must be remi'inbered that the priee of food aliine amounted on an average to live (r si.\ dollars per day for eucli man, beside other heavy incidental and ureessary expenses. 'J'hen, too. the work is very toilsome, being labour under the cold drip- ping of water from leaky flumes, and with clothes satu- rated with idiLsli and water from head to foot. The mine proprietors have necessarily to incur excessive ex- pi'iise in the erc<.'tion of Humes, the carrying out of .sluire-he.xi's, and the sinking of sli.dls ; and many have made all this outlay in vain, not succeeding in striking on th'.' right place for the jirecious deposit. Huiidre'ls have sunk their " bottom dollar" bei'ori' reaching the golden ore. Altogether, the experience of guld-inining in .Uritisli Col iiibia hitherto has been some brilliant suc- cess, but lunch, very lunch dislu'iir' yning failure, and the latlin- I'ar preiionderal ing over the former. For ourselves, wo " prosjieeteil" about Antler and its iieighbourhood for a fortnight, but to no ]irofit. Cold was evidently around and beneath iis, abundantly; but there seemed little or no hope of our being more I'or- tniiiit".,' ill oblaiiiing it than the majority of other miners. So at li-'ugth, albr mutnal d.'libciatiou and cak'iilatieii, wo resolved to do what multiiudes had done before us — turn bai'k again. Sorely disap|)ointed, but yet not Jitterly cast ilown, wo began to loti'ace our steps over the same fatiguing route by which we had arrived; and ,,on July ISlh wo had already returnid to Keithleys, w here it w;.;i a real consolation to feel that we had finally left belli;. d iis the worst twenty-live miles in the country. XIV. — I.03T O.N A NKW TBAII.. Our next backward atiigo was Ucavor Luko ngaiu, I where v,e ( aruo upon a Binnll c.inri('es wire much lower; whon;as liei'i', at Beaver Lake, Hour was now more than hall'-a- crown a pound. Wo missed onr w.iy more than onec for short dis- tances on this trail, and then lost our bearings altogether. \",'e did not meet a (re;iture for days, and .scarcely saw even a bird, lint the nios(iiiitni-s on this route sur- passed in numbers and annoyance all that we had p-.'c- viously met with or heard of. Xeither lire nor sinoko ajipcared to avail us against their niiiltitudinoUM .sw.irms. t)ii the fourth evening from llcaver Lake we had con'- sunied all onr stuck of provi.^ions except tea, of which we had brought a good supply. We were now weary, anxious, hungry, w ithout fooil, and irritated to desper- atimi by the mosipiitoes. Atte'r making tea, which was some refreshment, allhonghunaceomiianied by any solid nourishment, we tried to sleep, but could not, in consc- iiuenceofoiir bloed-sucking tormentors. Long beforo morning wo arose, lighted fires around ourselves in all directions, lay down again, and, covering heads and faces wiih onr blankets, olitained some measure of re- liiiso. l?y-aiid-by. after aiioliier recourse to our milk- less, sugarless tea, wo agaui started on our unceriaiu track, and must have walked nearly aveiity miles on this the lil'lh day, when eviuing again overtook us. For the fourth or tifth time since morning W'i took tea, and then succeeded another wretched nigh', followed bv nnother purely liquid breakfast; soon aRer which w-e were startled by a distant noise, which we found to lu'occi'd from two runaway horses stampeded by the iiiosiiuitoes. .So ravenously hungry were we, that wo sallied aller them with gun and pistol, hoping to be able to shoot one, and secure some steaks, but failed in this attempt. Ti.o latter food would now have 2W hcpih.mI mwo di lidoiiM to uh tlwm imy pnod KlijjIiMhlH-rr IiikUviI' Iccli. It. will iiiiw the kixlli luulliitin; tlw! sun sliHiMs lirinlilly. mill tlm '"co <>!' mitinv nmh imt- NtlVtc iicil llfl'dlC us" ill MIllltlKT K|illllllimri liUl VCV WCI'M iiilciis.'ly anxious iiikI cari'Woni. Al this juiiit\iri> most wclnimo ivlii'f iiirl UH iu It lliii'kct (if ))Uslii-s, liniriiiK iiljuiicliiMio uf I'iiiu tVuit, here ciillud Uio " Hcrvicfln'ri-j-," UCI8 lyo gioBBg xi utlbi a csni. tlio flavour of wliicli is a ni'ixturo of that of the sloo ami tho grape. lliiviiif; cii^frly satiated oursclws with tliom, our spirits roso cousidcralily, and wo rt'j,ard«d tliis timely succour as a mark of I'roviik'Ut'd cim'o for our preservation. After several toa-.sful farming operations until niter a period ol many years. .More wild iinimalH urn oliserved iHreiibouts than in (it 111 'r pans of Ih'itish Ciiluiiibiii i hiicIi as the bear, ileer, lyn\-, and wolf. 'I'lie Iniid deep noiso of the drumming groine, and the sharp tup of tho small golden-winged woodpecker, often fall upon the ear; whilst the beiivor and tho otter jirey on the iiuineiiius llsli of iherlear valley slreams. In the forests, and on tho mounliiiiis, tbeciigli' and the large-linrned owl are the chii'f amongst the fealliereil tribes ; but there is an almost total absencn of Hiiiging-birils. There is a chanicteristie abnndanco of walerlowl on lake and river. Oiin misses, loo, the numerous lloweis of Californiii, Kngland, and other liindHj for here am very few native blossoms of any kind. Heavy, Honibro, lolly pine and oak, togella r wit U mountain and gorge, are the chief features in tin; ( 'oliim- bian hiiidse.ipi' ; but whatevi'r of tho iiicturesipio is here to bo found (an nowhere bo seen to greater ad- vantage thuii ill the vicinity of .'Spring Valley and Dridgo Creek (a small si tllemeiit seven miles further down the trail). At the latter place we stopped a day or two, and re-provisioned for a fresh start. The owner of some •cows hern furnished us with abunilaiico of milk and giKid coll'eo during our Htay- ii welcoino chaiigo allcr our late style of living. On conversing about our torments by mosr|uitoeK, wo were informed of a recent incident, which strikingly exeinplilles the ferocious cruelly of the Judiaiis. One of the natives, having in some way given oll'etico to tho chii-'fs of his tribe, was by them ordered to be stripped naked and bound hand and fiul; to a Irco in a valley, anil Ki> U'I't to \m UilUil liy Ui<» inoKi|uilonH. Iu" lifteeii hours life was extinct ; but he had beconio (piitc mail soon after being lied up. A while man nuist iiavo expired much sooner. In this part of our journey wo again fell in with small parties of Indians. Their sipiaws (called by them " clootehmcu") were heavily burdened by their lords, .some of whom have three wives. Woman is universally regarded as a slave by these savages, ai by those o( other wild regions. The bodies of tho native tribes in Hritisli Columbia a)ipear very thick-set, powerfully built, and well adapted to the arduous and rugged nature of their laud. Their fi'ct are peculiarly thick-skinned, and their toos very short and strong. They entertain a decided aversion to the Americans, whom they term lioston nu::n, but arc favourably disposed toward King (icorgn men, as tho lOnglish are still termed amongst tho wild tribes of th(! north-west. Having recruited after our three days' fast, wc pro- ceoded on our downward route; passing near Axe Lake, and along the shores of (ireeii Lake, thence over the moiiiitains to Loon Lake, and then by Seotty'.- Kancho into tho valley of the Tlionipsoii Kiver. AVe resolved to take no more short cuts by unknown trails, having now learnt, by fresh and impressive experience, tho ; ruth of the old motto that " a known road is always tho nearest." AVo continued to fall in with parties (0' unsuccessful miners. Xear Bridge Creek wo pas.sed one who looked us if he had lain down to die, being jiale emaciated, worn out, and wil bout a blanket or any cover- ing but a few old rags. We wen! ourselves so scantily furnished wiih provisions that wi' were uniiblo to rendei him much service. He nuuh; no complainl, and askeo 1 T(J (;AUUiUU ANU HACK. 210 Vis 'I } IK) ft I'm fi kiiciwiiiR well, ns cvory (iiii^ in llii« rnuntry tUii'H, lliiil, as u nilr, li'iivclliiiR iiiiiufs iivc! iiiialilf tn ilii morr tliiiii f;nip|ilc with llirir nwii ti'diiM' m. IIiiI, wluro tlii'y iii'o iililo l'> liilp iiiici uiiul'liir, till' iiiiiui's lire ii very p'liL'i'dilH i^ii (if iiK'ii, UK W(! Iiud iiiaiiy lMn'liiiillli.'H of oliMcrvliit;. Kvcry mil' wlii> ; upward for tlm mines, wo were dinint; with a lar^ju party at a lioardiii^jdioiise, when a yoiini,' luiin at the table, having disposed of liis first course of hiieon and heans, asked for a clean jiliite and some ))uddinfl;. This reipie.-t ]a'odueed a f^eneral hiuLjh at his txjienso, tts it dourly proclaimed him u. " new chum." ;-.^avv:^^i\ TO Tim DKiGlXtiS AM) I'UOU TUK DiaiU:fG9, The landlord f^ood-huniourodly remarked, "If I give you a clean plate, it will certainly bo the last you will have ill this country— at any rate for a Ions; time." The yoiin^ iiiaii was ollen afterwards jocularly reminded of Ills unminerliko fastidiousness; all of which he took in very good ]iait, and soon learned to eat, like his coin- riides, with hearty relish out of the lid of an old tin saucepan. A shovel is orien used as a iilatc at a digger's dinner. A proHpnetin^j-pini forms a rust-rate dinli for heans and bacon. It ih one of the most usi'ful articlcN one can bring here, and is light of curriage— u Very inipoil.iiit coiiHidui'iition. XVI — TO moriv'K iuv( MR. We were reluctiint to leave llridne Creek, for it wiH one of tlio most |ili'asant and h list Ibreigu-like of our htoppiiig.plnces. Its open meailow-laiid and Hiiiall lakes abounded in wild-fowl; but scarcely any of th(^ latter fell to our lot, although we had revolvi'i's and a doubli'- barreried gun with us. The latter is one of tlio most useless articles a miner can bring with liim to this count ly. It is of scarcely any value for protection, but may, on tlio other hand, provoke ussault and robbiuy. It forms a heavy and burdensome cncuinbrance, which may be carriivl up and down the country for seven o-r eight hundred miles, with very raro opporlunitieH of procuring its owner even a scanty meal. Soine miners who brought guns here were sensible enough to throw them luvay alter carrying them in vain for (ifly or a hundred miles up thu rocky valleys and precipitous trails. The total amount of gamo bagged by our party during our long journey up and down was two grou.sc, three ducks, and two Bipiirrels. \Vc mud. regretted that we had brought no lisb-hociks with us. '/hey would have bei'ii truly valuable, especially when at thu lakes; and they iire v(;ry light to carry. The smalle/ sizes arc most useful here, as trout are tlio most abundiiit inland fish. They are generally from half a ]iound to four pounds weight. There aro al.^o many salmon in somo of the rivers. Wo were deliglili-d with the picturesquo scenery of lireeii Lake. Its glassy waters, scari'dy rulllcil by a ripple, were doited with small islands covered with chmtevrt i)f pine-trees. Large waier-fowl, especially wild geese, wero gliding over its platn-glass-liko surface. Wo could only look at them, for they were far bcyoud tlio reach of our double-barrel, and, could wo liavo shot them, wo wero iiiiablo to lay hold of ihciii unless a strong wind had blown them towards us. So, in the absence of game and lish from our reach, we were con- tent at cYcuing to strike a lire, boil our pot of tea, and fry some beans, bacon, and slap-jacks (or ]iaiicakes of flour and water with a little fat)— a sumptuous feast to us after our day's march, and followed by a tpiiet, dream}-, pleasant mcersdiaum before turnuig in for the night's sound re[)0sc. Next day wc had again very mountainous tracks and fatiguing climbing. Wo were visited at our next eii- c impmiiit by a rattlesnake, which wo killed. It had tilieen rings in its rattle, and was therefore seventeen years old; its length was about three feet and a half. They move but slowly. The oiio hero killed was evi- dently trying to get into our u^ut. They aro fond of warmth, and will readily creep into '>;'anket.s and folded clotlii'S. Four miles of our routo hereabouts was through a |>eculiarly tenacious mud, which clung to us like bird- lime, and rendered our transit most wearisome. Having passed this, wc soon reached the narro\v but romantic Loon Lake. It .seemed alive "-ilh fish ; but here, again, wo were only taiitalizn. by (ho sight, having no hooks to catch any. The remainder of tho dis- tance t'. Scotty's was made by a compai-ativcly easy trail. On our arrival there, wo found it a single wooden house with one small window. It is a much frciiuented place for rest and refreshment, being on one of the inaiu ;"0 TO CAKlISUl) AND JiACI tr.'ils to lui'l IVciii till,' (litr^riiiL:-. It^ pun-uiiuiUnu' K'i'lici'v is. Ill' ill!! c'lMMilot ili'scriinion : iniuiiituiii.-i ;niil ]);L'ci|iir.:'s iiix' iiilod li),L;cllier in inii.ijiiilicuiit ni;.r!;oiliie.T, tiiiil iMnriisiuii. Sri.uv's is :i iinlnl miiiiii!^ vciiclc/.vous. SiiiiiU !i - il i . I'm-.- a lavrii, ii la'':;'! ijuantilyot' " colil)!!'!'.-!," " stivaks (.1' l!i;!itiiiii'_'." iiiiil other ili'iiik'; iiri; liciT callril lor. Mo.it of ill,' iip-roiniiry -whislsoy is v.i-Il \ ii laol. i!, ami jilHio>t. lllai^.■:^ omi's lln'oiit raw. IliTo "ailriiik" vn>'-t i'roiil ii'ip lo two sliillil;,i;s. iOa. h person help.s liililsrU' to us iau( Il ii.s lie iilease;;, ^villlolll iiitasur.', but morily lioiii'in;,' iiilo 11 t\iiii''.lc'i' I'roiii tliO spirit-bottle at tlu! bar. '.I'iiere is a i.reat deril of " stamliiif^ treut" miioiii^'st llie miners, ami veiy ex|)i'nsi\i! work it olVeii proves, in iiiore vays than one. A inen-.'jer of our [iiiiall party nllowe,! liini^elfio lie persiiaileil into aeeeplim,' two siieh gi'atui'oiis proli'ers from it miner -wlio entered llie tavern with lil'tj'-two dollars of liard-eariied iiionpy, all of wliirh lie .spent in driiikiii;^ here, and trea(iin_r the company ]iri!sent. Our frieiul was rendered unlit lor travel for diiyii, through the iv.o drmif^lits of the inixliire. It completely iip.^et liiin ; and mueh rest, fresh iiir, and CM'rei- e' Wire, found nei'iiful to restore him to his prcvioits vijjormi.s hi;altli. Whilst staying hero wo wero very rruiviled, as the small biiildiii.i^ was lilled wiili miners by day and iiipht. sleeping,' under the lable luul f'eiirhe.s as well its on top of them, and all over the floor. Miners, ill these parts and elsewhere, become so aeeustoined to thi'ir ruu'_;h way of life, as to ]irefer sleepiiii; on a lloor, or even on the bare ground, if only dry, rather than in ti H'A't bed. .Di'inking and gambUinj are she grei.test banc of the miner. The former ruins his eijiisiilutiou rapidly, owiiitr to the vile stulf with whieli the li(|Uors here sold aix driigired. At tlii^ capital of JJriti-h ('oliinibia (New AVestniinster) a man is now under sentence of iinpi-isoii- ini'iil for life, fur a murder conmulled wbeu overiomu l>y the maddening influence of drink. He was, in general, a remarkably civil and (piiet m;iii, but on this occa-.ii.n, havii.g unink too much whiskey, shot one of his comr.ales wilh scarcely any jirovocatiou, and, on coming to his sober consciousness, was astounded at what he had done, and at finding himself under arrest for a ca[iital crime. It was t.\pccled that he would be hung; but the jury took a merciiul view of the case, and brought in a verdict of manslangliter. This, however, involved chains and Ci.ntineuient for life — a terribli; prosfieet fur il vi'.'orous and usually' .steady young man of thirty-live. 1; is a .'^ad but striking warning for his couipanioiis. After leaving Scotty's wo only ])rocecded lour miles furilier down, wdion we reached ..Mefjeaii's Slalioii, the best farm iu the colony. Tho enterprising and indus- trious )iro|irietor has a valuable stock of caUl.% espt-ciijly .some lino short-horns. Jlero .,e replenished our ex- hau-^ted stock of flour at the coinparatively low price of two shillings per peamd. Fine turnips, cabbages, and ^'■arlet-runners were growing liereabouls— a sight by no means coinnum in Ih'itish Columbia. This (li,~!rict, in- cluding Gavin's Creek, is a very good oic for agriculture and for breeding rattle and horses. The water is cx- celh'iit, and the' cliniiite veiy favourable. Till-: AWIIKIK.S AXD TUEIl!, FKTKXD.S. (IMiri'.II Wll. — WIMUMl OS. " ' Ai;s lion habct inimicinii pra.'ter igiiorantem,' which means, Jlrs. Uedwig, liearning hath no enemies but the ignuiant : an imii>pntcbl',' truth," s.iid the i'lofes.sor. " 'i'l .i, love," r^'plied hi. v, if.', \\lio i:l that, moi';oi:t wi'.s otherwise occupied than with l.'.iniiiig ii:iu i:s enemies. '•.^:.d I think we luiiy Hay also —but 1 won't put ij in'.o l.alin, since it will be but to translate it into Iho vernarular, ' N'irtue hath no eni-mies but the vicious.' " "Yes, love, I believe tlu! worse people ari'. tlii! more bil!.er they are against good pc'oplc," sai 1 .Mrs. iledwig, wilh ready assent. " .Viler all," said the Professor, shifting his ]iosUioll and working at his button, " it i.s hut the law of anta- goni.^in bi.'tween contraries; to contend with it is to wa_'e war ii;,'ainst the necessity of things." "1 dou'l SCO any excuse for ii," said iMrs. lledwi.g, wdioso cyo was peculiarly aiiimatcil, while a slight flush on her cheek betrayed an cxcitenaait very strange to her ])lacid iiatiin . '• I'or what I'" iiskeillhe J'rolessor, inti-rnipted by her ma!ter-of-lact speech iu the train of thougiil oi;e;:ed to him by the hypothesis he had started. iiis wife knew by the tone she had trar.sgresse.l, but was to(-) di"]ily moved to b..- nervous or subside. " -No excuse for making ii]> such wicked stories, love," she answered, her eye kindling. "The way of the world," said the Profcsso)-, who, not being |iersonally allected by the skrider in (pu.'stion, viewed it iu a grand ]iliiloso|)hieal light. "Keep me from the wiirld that c.iu do such tbi!;','s, and choose sueli ways; but 'tis a wicked, v:'fl-<'d wiu'M, I know that." Tho .Professor looked at her with sunii.' astonish- !:i. lit ; she was not in the habit of indulging in su<-!i long sentiments, delivered, too, in so fervid a to:ie and manner; but, as her eyes were bent again uihui her work, and .die remained .silent, Ik.' began, for her tdifieatiiin and his own ph'iuure, to reeiie, i " ' Tito woria'i n IxibMc, ;i!,!lilio lifcol laaa Lc?s UiHTi n hpirn : In his conrcpti.,n wri:i'l;«i, from lliu woiiil) So to the tonib; Curst from his cnulli.', iin.l broa^lit up ty ycarj Witil euros am! fc-uv. ^VIlo, then, t.) I'mit iiiMj-eilify shnll fni-i,, iitit limns on wntcr, ur buL wnlcs i>n iltidll' You allow that 'i" ho said, seeing hi.s wii'e'.s oycs .•-tin bent dowmvard. "I wouldn't allow such things to Ix- .^,>id of Jlr. Fair- fax, before me," sho Bnid, vehemently, not S' eiiii: ih-' r.levam^e of liord Bacon's versi'. " He was bo kin.! !o Martin," added .Mrs. Hctlv.ig. wilh a sinh. " Where /.s IMartini'" asked the Froli>ssor, siidib nly recalled to the remembrance that it was past tlb- ii.-iial hour of his reiurn from tho fligli Schnul. -Mr.:, liclv.ig was usually on the alert to ausw. r , i;!i ui'iit very !*li-.i:i;.-j to iir, iiitii-rii|itcil liv lii'r 111' tlmUtjliL (i: I .':rd tu .0(1. Iiiul triir.sirrcs.^L'.l, but f'- * i.s or siib.siilf. wiclii'il sturii'S, love," le l'|•cl!i■^'^<>l•, wlio, not slii'uli'i' ill ()iU'sliuii, li^lit. cm do Mlrli ll'iDu'", ivi'.-ked, vUh,'d worl 1, V.ill .•J; ml ' l-i oi.i.l 1- of il dlll.^^ihi; il .SUl !i .M) i ervid 11 to U! 1111 d llf^lV II lll"iii lei WOl lor 1 (!r LiUlii lltlUllill a lUfc i.iau om tW 13 woinl) Dglit up to yciirj linll h uit, fe'.-> ..1 illlOtl' isTvii'i/s oycs .Ktil' lieiit I be ...'.id of Mr. l"a;r- iitly, not ?■ >-'m\x tli.- " Jle WHS hi) kill. I to 11 .si^li. ]'ro|i>s.sor, siiiidi lily ii, w.is imst til'' 11 ual heli"'.l. aliiL to aut-w. r m-.cIi merely reoli'' 1 slio Lful— /oo thoiiL'l-.I'iiI,"' Licrd it?" love ! W)i''ii ui;.^ liu '■lilt- bell, IS (xce.'.l.'d: \vi'.;, iiiixioii.''easant, and all tho time the weather was beautil'iilly clear— scarcely even a cloud across the briijlit bliu- expanse of tho heavens. That i|uiet autuiu'i in Ib-itish Columbia will loiijj be remem- bered by us, cspi-ciiiUy from its contra.it with the previous two mniitlis of weary toil, disappointment, and hardships. On the approach of winter wu deemed it time to secure our retreat to the coast, took leave of our friends 3 Phicb Ohb riiiicT. I' To CAUinOO AND BACK. i.t "The La1;i'^," niiil rcsimud llm rhiu,i»;iH,a; .srciios (■;' p (l.-tr;;ni Inivi.'l. Our lir>t iii|-'iit n\it vii-< sij;miI ( ;: u Hi iTDW I'l'ckv I'.'dg'' on tlio slf-ep dci'livity nl'a. luountaiu C'-.-.r!iimf?iii,u; tli'j Tlioiiip>o!i llivor, wlikh Hnwcil uior.' tli;;!i a tlioiistiiitl (cot be iioiilh lis ; ni"l, as ili" (Uu■l;IK■^'s l;ii.l ((Vfllakcii 11.5 v.Iiilst miil-wiiy in Ibis ila!i;;i-r(>r.s pas", v.-i_' vvirc ncct'ssiliifeil to rciniiiti in this jiiosi, uiUMiiiturt- Ali'.v ]"i.sition till (lay-brrak. Wc may bore remark tbat thrni is bill, liltlo t\vili,!,'bl in Ib'iti-li Coliimliia. Niijlit Kifc.cds tbo (lay iiioro rajnilly tliau at Iiouk'. T1iu.< wo !'naii'd Kl Dorado of the West. At live o'clock in the morning wo ;;!adly u'.oved forwe.rd.s. and soon reached the feri'y across the 'J'hoin])S()n, ten miles (Vom "The Ijiikcs." 'I'lie means here ado|>tcd for crossiuf^ i.s only suitable liir streams where there is a stroni; current; but with such it s\iccccds very well, oh on the Trent, between Xotlinj/ham and AVilford. A stvonir eab'e is sfretch'-d peri.'iaucntly across the river. 'W'iih this the flat ferry- boa', is connected by two ropes rnnniiif^ in blocks, from each end of the lutt"r, to ii sii'.fi'lo block slidini; idonu; the main cable. By keepiuf;; the boat in a diaijonal posiiion athwart the stream, the strength of the euiTeut iuipi'ls the former aloni', .is the blocks iuv successively sl.iilod by a pull from the helm^uiaii. The ferry is the starting-point for the well-ki-own d''])ot of the llud.-on's Bay Company at Fori Kumli ops I'r Thompson, sixty miles eastward, to which p!a--e a trail starts hence across ihe nKjr.niains. Our route, however, was sJiU southward, down the river. Twelve mile.- liu-.b' r broiiL'hl, >us to ^,'icoiuin. I'lum ibis jioinl a pood waggon-road extends to Yale. On our way hither fniii the fcny wo wiines.sed a euri'iis s|iectacle. Some men were enfpigcd in bhusting the rook.s beneath >% tremendous precipice, for a cor.tinii- ation of Ihe new waggon route oti level ground instead of the presort trail over the loi':y riount.iin, two thou- sand feet alwvo them. Whilst we wcj watching the work awhile, wo heard a riediing noise, and, looking up, saw a large body coming down hcaillong from the elevated trail. It proved to bo'a splendid mule, wliieh hud made a false step and so fallen hendlong. Ofcour.se tlie poor bea.-'. ^vlus killed instantiuieously. A small enciimpment of li.diuns ni'ar by immediately came haltering in to secure the tempting ]n-!zc an a feast. >[cn and wonu'ii, 'i papooses, all clustered around the cai-eas.a, which they speedily cut up and carried ofT in ])ieccs. Their delight fuimd expression in joiid erics of " iluck-rauck," I. r., something good to eat. 'Phey cook the flesh by holding it on a stick over a fu'c, warm the oiu.side a litiie, and then greedily devour and gnaw it, as dogs with II, bone. *' Tiie blasting ])arty eigaged here consi:,l.ed of twenfy- I'ive or thirty miners, all of whom had b(.'eu to Cariboo, but h:td retnrned down toinitry, di.sappoiuted. Yet so t:,o:MUgbly convinced wen; they of lli! cxistenee df a ;.■ rge rpiantity of the precious metal at Ihe diggings, tl'.M i;Il were resolved lo try their succes' once more iV'.xt spring. They declared " the gold is there, sure enough; ami v,-o'ro bound to Jiavo some of it before we g ) home." f^^evoral of Lheui liad already secured claims lit the mine:?, whicii they worke.I on till tlic rain and iVost compellid t'eir abandonment for tl'o sea.io!, ; but tliey !o'j':ed frivard with coididence to t!ic resni.ij tion of operations iiiox. 'When once ."cizcd with this nnilady I'.I y scarcely ever recover. Whe]i Playing at "The liukcs," we had scon a s)ir.: whereabout twelve -\v retched Indiana had been burii d by some of the settlers in the neighbourhood. All had been sei/'.cd with small-pox, and, immediately on the ap])ear!ince of the dis.^ase ninongst them, their fellow- countrymen had abandoned them to tleir inevitabi fat". The dread of disease by the Indians liir surpasses Iheir fear of violent or Hidden dcith. Thn manner in which tlu! cick and dying are thus for.saken by Iheir companions is merely one amongst mnnerons illustrn- tions of the degr.-idation ancl dejiravily of human nature w-heii not oidighteiii-d by ihe blessecl inlbiences of the (iospel, ])rompting it self-risk to seek the good of oihers. A beautiful contrast is alforded by I he abundant in itaneci w-here pestileneo and dealh have been learh-ssly braved I even by lender and delii-a!e Christian women, imuer the j beiiencent imjnilsea of ihe-r holy religion. Jn the ca.-i' ! of the abandoned Indians just referred to, they uU died I on ■ after ,-.noi lier, anel leniained unburied iijr days, until , their bodies all raeted the ailcnlion of some white neigh- TU CAUliJUO M'o tent sluadd l;e brought from Kngland, and no mining tools, as iboy will be obtaineil on reasonable terms iu die colony, ami even at the upjior mines. Very many emigiMiits attribute their want uf success to tbeir having como out Avilli a too small sujiply of money, AvhoUy iiiadecpiate to their ex]!ensos up to tlio mines, or to tbeir maintenance and ])erseveranco th-re until able to reach the gold. Con.Milering the many iminerous and inevitable expense.? to be incurred, two hundred |ioinids may be mentioned as being almost iho Jowest sum of money to bear the new coiner with com- fort through all the preliminary dilbculties and delays inse]iarablo from a fair start to and at the Caribcjo digixings. 'the miners' rights and claims arc clearly defined and protecti'd in this colony. Tbe law is adniinislenMl prompily and ei|uitably, and to the general satisfaction of all concerned. It Avas far olberwiso in tbo early days of Calil'ornian gold-mining, wdierc tbe owner ofji-''.- tunate claim was nCAcr s.ife for a day fnen the jMstol or liowic-knife of cowanlly rt.> bullying neig!. hours. Xor did the law ibero render any ceriain assistance. I'ro- vidcd the ass:iilant possessed Aveidth, it was, in general, an easy matter (o obtain a vi'fdiet or decision of "jus- liliable homicide in self-delenee," followed by impunily and absolute acrpiittul, iutbc most flagrant and atrocious cases of murderous robbery or assassination. But such a state of things does not exist in British (.'oinmbia. Law ami personal protection nro no mere dead letters under tbe broad folds of the British Hag. even in these distant regions of the empire, 'riirougbout llio entire breadth of tbo continent, from (be Bay of Fundy to (bo (iulf of Georgia and tbe Strnils of Juan do Fuca, (he blessiiigK of British constitutihlpp.:(l accord- ing to his word. Jfay England and Prussia bo ever closely unileil, and in both countries may there be iiicreaso of that rightLousuess which alouo oxaltelh a ])eoplc ! Ill the .social and domestic life of a nation nothing is of more imporlanro and influence than the moral tone of tho Court. History is full of iilustrations of tho ]'ower for good or for evil that goes forth from the chamber of kings and queens. The moral and domestic life of the palace tells directly or indin.ctly upon the homes of the people of all ranks and conditions. The influence of the Crown Prhicess, since her residence in Prussia, we are told by a well-known minister in Berlin, has been very great. Her swc./' ss of disposition and gentleness of manner, the simpi. ,y of her domestic life imd liouschold arrangements, evcu at one of tlie most powcrfid courts of Europe, havo boeu felt througli tho length and breadth of tho land of her adoption. At the beginning of her rcdidcneo tho lords and ladies in wail- ing, and tho directors of court ceremonies, wero often Hhocked at her disregard of tho long-e;itabli9liod stiff forms in vogno. ''ho Princess always followed more the dirtates of h. • neart tkiu the prescribed nnitino of ceremonials. It is sitid that she oueo had to hear a lecture from a court ofTicial ou tho improiiriely of sjieak- ing in public of the Crown Princo ai her husband, instead of giving him his duo title. Sho \t onco went to the king, ond askod him whether it was 'iibeeoming in her to call tho Crown Prince her husband. The king, i)ress- ing hor to his heart, told her certainly to cidl him always her husband, wherever and whenever sho ,ileased. The Princess seeks and tinds her liapp ness in her family circle. Her riches aro her children ; and lovely and beloved cliildreu they aro all four. Jfer eldest, Frederic William Victor Albert, was born ■27th January, ly.W ; tho second, Victori;i Elizabeth Augusta Ciharlotte, born -ikh July, IHilO; Albert William Henry, born I Itli August, "[Hi'i'l ; and the fourtu, Francis Frederic Sigis- mnnd, born l.'ith Scpfembor, 18G1.. The eldest, a iiice- t.'inpered boy, now six years of agf, lively and full of spirit, rides his pony well ; and it is a pleasant sight when he is seen with his sister running aboutlind play- ing in the royal garden. With tlic greatest motherly care the Princess watches over tho training of her c'lil- drcH. The Crown Princo also finds it his delight to occupy himself with his family, es|iccially with the ehhst boy, encouraging him in his work, and joining in his sports. It will interest mothers to mi.ntiou also that when the Princess, much against her own wish, was obliged to give ui) nursing her first three children, she took caro that tho wet-nurse was close to her own a])artiu..'nts in the palace, so that she could herself wutcli over h<;r eltildron. Sstio nlso ititneiled that the nurse should at least, once during the day, nurse her own child. After having given way so much, she carried her ]ioint in regard lo ihe fourth child, uiid she had ji "rmissiou to cxercisi' the duty and privilege of a mother, to nurse her own child. In order to avoid all tho excifement and. anxieties at the time attending tho troubled ])oliiical state of the country, she went to Italy, where she enjoved (juiet and retireyient for her family duties. In her wholly domestic life she is indeed a pattern to motheis, all til! more exemplary for the hindrances of her exalted station. Alter tiresomn though necessary .Stale cere- Tnouies or dutie.% her first visit is to the niii-scry. Once she sni]irised a hirge party, on a ])uljlie occasion, by taking up her children, who came rushing to her, in hec arm-,, and embracing thi;m, and alluwing them tocaresis !.er before the com)iany. The unolitrnsive benevolence of tho Princess is well known to all at Berlin. Tho writer knows it^ as a fact tli.it she is in tho habit of sending to niako inijuiries as to character and mode of life, anil then rendering sub- stantial help, when she hears of cases of disiress. tiho was solicited to become j)atr-ness of a temporary asylum for governesses out of cmjiloy. ,Shc desired that the' committee should lay before her an Citimato of the co.st of tho institution, and twice the estimate was returned, as not being sufficiently explicit and clear in details; and only after everything had been fully and satisfiic- torily explained did sho express hor approval, and con- sent to become tlie patroness. On visiting tho institu- tion sho miniilcly insiiected all the arrangements, and dirct ted several improvements to be made, in accordance with her English ideas of comfort. In her leisure hours she zealously improves hortniiidv Bg^ga »ii*ltei!fcra*)» ..«>i*-..'i'!i'. '■•'■> : .<>-; 'J Ai' :^!lim'pmm^g'^^^mmi>'^rrf^ T-i-'i ii^^a