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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent §tre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6. il est filrnd d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. irrata to pelure, n d 3 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 AN ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS Silver and Copper Medals PRESENTED TO THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS BY THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND. FRANCE. AND SPAIN, FROM 1600 to 1800, AND ESPECIALLY OF FIVE SUCH MEDALS OF GEORGE I. OF GREAT BRITAIN, NOW IN THE POSSESSION OF THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, AND ITS MEMBERS. READ BEFORE THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1885, By Rev. Horace Edwin Hayden, Curator of Numismatics. REPRINTED FROM PART 2, VOL. 11. OF THE PROCEEDINOS OF THE SOCIETY. WILKBS-BARKE, PA. 1886. -4, AN ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS Silver and Copper Medals PRESENTED TO THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS BY THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND. FRANCE. AND SPAIN. FROM 1600 to 1800, < i AND ESPECIALLY OF FIVE SUCH MEDALS OF GEORGE I. OF GREAT BRITAIN, NOW IN THE POSSESSION OF THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, AND ITS MEMBERS. READ BEFORE THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SEPTEMBER 12, 1885, By Rev. Horace Edwin Hayden, Curator of Numismatics. REPRINTEU FROM PART 2, VOL. II. OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. >WII.KBS-BARKE. PA. 1886. i I T 0- ■m: •i ' \\ AN ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS Silver and Copper Medals PRESENTED TO THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS BY THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND, FRANCE AND SPAIN. FROM 1600 to 1800, AND ESPECIALLY OF FIVE SUCH MEDALS OF GEORGE I OF GREAT BRITAIN. NOW IN THE POSSESSION OF THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, AND ITS MEMBERS. READ BEFORE THE WVOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SEPTEMBER 12, 1885, By Rev. Horace Edwin Hayden, CuKATOR OP Numismatics. REPRINTED FROM PART 2, VOL. II. OF THE PROCEEDINGS OK THE SOCIETY. WILKES-BARRE, PA. 1886. % /■ f COPYRICHI'KI) 1886. This Paper docs not pretend to be exhaustive of the subject. It was prepared with limited resources, and still more limited time, but with no view to publication, although the Society before which it was read has deemed it worthy a p.ace m its printed proceedings. If it will aid some lover of the science of Numismatics, with larger opportunities, to treat of the subject in e.tenso, the writer of it will be more than repaid for his effort. For this purpose also he suggest, as ofifermg scope for an exceedingly interesting paper the subject of the medals struck by the United States Mmt'and presented by each President of the United States, succes- sively, to the Indians within the territory of the United States from 1784-1884. Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1886. r m W of to pa of ha' tht so up( So( to ( unc cov Gul of I Nev VARIOUS SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS Presented to the American Indians by the Sovereigns OF England. France, and Spain, from 1600 to 1800 AND especially OF FIVE SUCH MeDALS OF GeORGE I., OF Great Britain, now in the possession of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society and its members. This paper is the result of the discovery that five such medals exist m our valley. One in the possession of the Wyoming H,storical and Geological Society ; one in the possession of Master Dcnison Stearns; one in the cabinet of Hon. Steuben Jenkins, of Wyoming, and two belonging to my own numismatic cabinet. I have long had in mind the preparation of an exhaustive paper on the subject of the medals which the various nations of Europe whose colonies have existed on American soil have issued to the North American Indians since 1600. Bu^ he difficulty of gaining access to the needed authorities, has so far deterred me. I take occasion, however, in treating upon the special subject of this paper, to present to thi^ Society such historical and medallic data as I have been able to discover in my own library. The continent of America was discovered by the Cabots under Enghsh auspices, in 1497, five years after the dis-' covery, by Columbus, of the West Indies. In 15 12 the Spanish flag floated over the soil of Florida Gul?M. LL^elc? ''' "^^ ^'^"^' ^" ''^''-- °^^^^ Thus, in less than forty years, three of the great powers New wTld '^" ''''' ''''''''' ^°^ ''^ -P--^^n ^ -i-^i ' r SILVER ANP COPPF.R MEDALS. In 1578 .111(1 1584 Elizabeth granted a patent to Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh. The first took possession of Newfoundland, and the second of Virginia, within one year of each other, with the purpose of forming permanent settlements. It was not until 1603 that France conferred similar privi- 1 leges on any of her subjects ; then she granted Acadia to ^ 1 do Mont|. These events may appear to be anything but pertinent to the matter under consideration ; and yet, out of these dis- tant beginnings grew the medals whose history I desire to record. Parkman, in his charming volumes on the early American colonies, shows how those of " France and I'^ng- land grew up to maturity under widely different auspices." The one, nursed and petted by the royal government, became enervated, and languished ; the other, neglected and outcast, grew as a giant from the very necessities of the case. But France and Rome were one. The religious element which the Ro mish^ church fostered and controlled in the French, made the colonists aggressive for the cross, rather than for the crown. Their Ro mish priests, " burning with zeal to make new conquests for the church, penetrated the deserts of the New World and braved death in a thousand forms to baptize a child ; glad to die a martyr's death if one soul could be thereby gained to the church by this nomi- nal conversion." " The zealous fathers reckoned the num- ber of conversions by the number of baptisms, and, as Le Clercq observes, with no less truth than candor, ' an Indian would be baptized ten times a day for a pint of brandy or a pound of tobacco.' " But the result of all this was a closer relation with the Indian tribes of America and a rapid growth of commercial intercourse between the Indians and French traders, who always followed the track of the Jesuits. Thus the commercial and political influence over the 1' SILVER AND COITEIR MEDAls, . In.lian tribes bclo„);ccl almost entirely to the I.VencI, eolo- nies. Conscio„s of her power, France was anxious to mcrcasc ,t, as s_l,e witnessed the growth of the Kn^Ush colon,es m number and prosperity. She foresaw the future stru,Klcs between the two nations for existence „„ ,, e American conlm.,.nt, and did all she could to weaken the lnd,anfa,th in English honor and increase her own powt: over these heathen tribes. Kn„land. jealous of France made s.m.lar efforts to secure the friendship „, those tr be^ w ,ch surrounded her settlements. The Indian always it a babe ,„ knowledffe, and as much charmed by a str^n"of S ass beads as a child is with a new toy ; and this sus ""p^. b.l.ty was appealed to, by both France and England „ annual presents of trinkets, an.l gaudy cloths, sfto ,he vanous ,r,be.s m order to strengthen their attachment The agents of each nation vied with each other in purcha, 1 ^at,e.s of alliance with their savage neighbors' Tr,eh^ ecus by nature, as well as by habit, .so great wa the ,nst.abd,ty of these allies that constant vigilance wa Tece ! tlie r contrac s. Every means was used to make the Indian r^ .e h,, o hgation to the nation with which he had n treaties. !• ngland early set the example of delighting the vanity of the savage and binding him to her .sCort bv hanging around his neck medallic trinkets. Ontteprin cp le that he ,, our master whose livery we wear, she decked uch Indian chiefs as she desired to conciliate and win ,o her al e ance, with in.signia of her power, in brilliant ven buch a badge raised the chief greatly in the estimation of his own tribe, and made him the e„v/of his co" I cannot ascertain at what period the French be-an to reward their Indian neighbors and allies with stmillr medallic honors. But they were not behind the Eriish m this means of binding the uncertain element which surrounded their settlements. That tendency of h™a' n~*" II U ) M 8 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS, nature which our Constitution recognizes when it forbids citizens who hold uffice under the government receiving any present, reward, or tiue from any foreign power, belonged as much to the red man as to the white. He seemed to know instinctively that wearing the royal honors of a foreign power was virtually paying tribute and acknow- ledging allegiance to that power. But it is evident that the Indian thought his allegiance was limited sim.ply to the time during which he permitted that silver disc to lie on his breast, and that when h- parted with it or lost it, his alle- giance was ended. French and English alike played fast a'-"^ loose with them in this matter. Whenever either nation made treaties with the Indians, and especially those tribes that had formerly been under the influence of any other foreign power, one of the first demands made of the tribes was the surrenderor all medals given by, or bearing the insignia of, any other kirig or nationality. Thus also when the United States purchased the Northwest Territory from France, Lieutenant Pike, of the United States Army, was at once sent up the Great River to proclaim the authority of the United States, which he did, partly in demanding the surrender of all foreign medals in the possession of the Indian tribes, and by exacting from the British and French agents a promise that they would henceforth make no more such presentations. A similar precautionary movement was made during the late w^r between the states. Fearing the interposition of the English government, in recognizing and aiding the Confed- erate Slates of America, the United States Indian agents were ordered to search among the Indian tribes for foreign medals, demand their surrender, and give American medals in their stead. One of these medals thus obtained from Menomonee chiefs, at this time, is preserved in the Wiscon- sin Historical Society ( Wis. His. Col., vol. IX., p, 124). A sec- ond copyfexists in the collection of the United States mint. : I'l no more SILVER AND COPPEK MEDALS. The firot medal having any reference to the American .nd:an, of which I have found any account, is that oh Pamunky Indian medal." Captain John Smith, in his History of Virginia, for which part of Amenca he set sail in 1603. says : " Foure^eene mi es Northward from the river Powhatan is the river Pamavnkee which IS navigable 60 or 70 myles. * * * 1/ the ordinary flowing of the salt water, it divideth itselfe into two gallant branches. * * * ^.^^ ^, . ""'.^ '"^.^ divided .he Coun,^ is called Pa.avTCnd ISet'a neare 300 able men." (Vo/. I p iij) '""nsneth Again he says: "The fourdi river "is called Patawomeke 6 or 7 myles in breadth. * * * Tf ;, ;„u w.T both sides. First, on the South side, at l:::^;^tZ IS Wighcocomoco. and hath some 130 men &c and the Patawomekes more than 200." {Vol I p i^g) It was the Xing of Pamunky whom Captain Smith took prisoner in 1608. ^ In the course of timo these various Indian tribes that lay neai the Jamestown settlement became as the Philistines to Israel, " a thorn in the flesh," and frequent collision took place between them and the colonists ^!^IT' f "■ '^' ^'''' '^^''''^'^ ^y '^' I"di^n«. in which 347 colonists were slain, a general effort was made to exterminate the savages, an expedition being sent against the Pamunkies, with the others. These continual conflicts while they did no^ exterminate, greatly reduced the num' Plct ^,y'°r'^'"^^- ^" ^^- Beverly estimates tha "Tn Prince William s county Pamunkie has about thirty bow men, who decrease." ^ °^' There is in the possession of Dr. M P Scott nf P.u- more, Maryland, a silver shield, cblg fn sL' l;; t.o„ . aa^ks II., K.„g of Engla,ui, Scotland, Frame, Irt- ! r '* ' rp* 10 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. ¥ land, and Virginia" Within this legend are the four quarterings of the royal house, the lion, the flenr de lis, the thistle, and the harp ; while in one corner there is a figure supposed to be the tobacco plant, representing Virginia. The quarterings are surrounded by the garter, and the legend, " Honi Soit," etc. Below the central disc is an oblong surface with the inscription, " The Queen of Pamunky." Above the disc is the figure of the crown of Great Britain. Attached to the back are five rings, to be used in fastening the medal. This medal was bought from the Indians at Fredericksburg, and is said to be in very fine order. A somewhat similar medal was presented to the Virginia Historical Society in 1835, bearing the legend, " Ye King of Pamunkie," and is described as " a badge which the laws of the colony of Virginia at one time compelled the Indians to wear when they came within the limits of the white man's settlements." The reason of which is thus set forth in the Act itself, viz.: xi/?.-' >^< <."^^ '?.;/? ..<^ Z'?^^/ " And because an intervall betweene the Indians and English cannot in the present nearnesse of seating be soe laid out as may wholly secure the English from the Indians comemgdind^\\kr'mg,&icy{Hening's Stat., vol II., p. 14.1) Mr. R. A. Brock, the learned Secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, reports a tracing of a third medal, once the property of the Society, and described as of an irreg- ular oval form, bearing the inscription, " Ye King of—'' on the obverse side of the planchet, and " Patomeck" on the reverse. On the obverse is a representation of a tobacco plant. These medals were doubtless all given by the crown as tokens of amity and a seal of allegiance. The earliest official record that I have been able to dis- cover of the issue of medals to the Indian tribes of America, is found in the " Propositions made by His Excellency, Robert Hunter, Captain General and Governor of New V '\ SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. II 1st In his address York, to the Sachem of the Five Nations " i6, 1710. during the reign of Queen Anne Governor Hunter says : "Your brethren who have been in England, and have seen the great queen and her court, have no doubt informed you how vam and groundless the French boasting has been a^l along; how our great Queen's Armies have year after Year routed all his forces, taken his Townes, and is at^s tune near h.s prmcipal town and seat of Government. Her Majesty has sent them, as a pledge of ^.. protection and as a memorial to them of their fidelity, a ntedall for each nation with her Royal Effigies on one side, and the I^t gamed battle on the other, which, as such, sh^ desires m^y be kept in your respective Castles forever. She has also sent her Picture in sil.er. twenty to each nation, to be giV I )l^ ^. Tr '' '° "' ^°''" ^^°"^ ^^^''- "^<^ks as a token that they should always be in readiness to fight under he^ Banner against the Common Enemy." {Col. His. N. K, vol. r., p. 222.^ To this address the sachems of the Five Nations made this reply, which bears marks of having been written by the agent who delivered the proposition of the governor- The Great Queen of England has been pleased, as a Pledge of her Protection, to send each of our' nation a Medall, with her royal Effigies on the one side and y last gained battle on the other, which we have received with al the satisfaction Imaginable, and will keep them ever in our castles, and bring the same down when any public and solemn Conferences are to be held, to show the same We are also very thankful for the 20 pieces of silver she has been pleased to send to each nation, with her picture upon them, which our chief captains shall wear about their necks and shall always be ready to fight under her banner against the common enemy." {Col. His. N. Y., vol. V. p 224) I can find no mention of these medals in any volume on 1?; I^o*^--* 12 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. the subject of numismatics. I judge the silver pieces, with the Queen's effigy upon them, to have been Queen Anne crown pieces. The coins of this queen were executed with remarkable skill. The medals were, I judge, from the language of Governor Hunter, commemorative of the last victory of the English over European enemies. They were doubtless the silver medals struck in memory of the capture of Tournay, in 1709, with Queen Anne's bust on the obverse, and on the reverse, Pallas, seated, holding a shield and a mural crown on a spear; size, 25-16. It will be seen at once that these were not what may properly be called Indian peace medals, because no reference to the Indians occurs on the pieces. George I. succeeded Queen Anne, 17 14. Meanwhile France, led into intimate intercourse with, and knowledge of, the Indians, through the Jesuit fathers and the Canadian fur-traders, was quietly stretching out her arm and grasping all the territory that lay south of the lakes and establishing military posts at various points, contrary to the treaty of Utrecht, in which she agreed not to invade the lands of the Indian allies of Great Britain. About 17 16 Governor Spottswood, of Virginia, made his expedition to the trans-montane region of Virginia, and organized his famous " Knights of the Golden Horseshoe." On this expedition he discovered the military occupations of France, and advised the English government, wisely suggesting that a chain of forts be built across to the Ohio, and that settlements be formed here and there, to prevent the encroachments of France. To this advice the Crown paid no attention, nor did it awake to the necessity of adopt- ing the wise plan of the Governor until nearly a half century later. Meanwhile England and her Indian allies were peaceably pursuing the even tenor of their ways. Possibly this state of affairs may account for the fact that the medals which SILVEK AND COPPER MEDALS. ,, George I presented to the Indians were made of base metal mstead of s.lver; and from the device upon the rZsesil' rrS^^rue^sr^^--"^'^'"--"' espt- .tSert 1°;::-J-- '•'=f-''atbear^^^ Indians. Each of the fonr^^dll: wLr h^ ^ese^ ^ your exam,nat,on, contains on the .W. he bus of mg me deer. Two of these medals have a historic con nect,on that ,s interesting. Those which belonrto ° J own cabinet were discovered about rSc« Jn ,u u\ .^ Ohio river, at Point PleasantW II' ' ^^"^ ^^*^" Logan Cornstallc, and Outacite; a battle which beg™ one halfanhourbeforesunrise.Octoberin ,■,-,, .°'^«''" »"=- almost Without cessation, Lntilt^s ' h'/re''d:;"","tt more than probable that these two medaisTere ^orn bv tne a,ght They were presented to me by the late Dr Samuel Glover Shaw, of Point Pleasant, from Ws verv rkh collection of pre-historic and Indian remains I„7^k these five medals, I will beirin wfthThTr '"*""''>'"g the Society: ^ "'^' °"' belonging to .. WvoMiNG Medal.-0^..„., Military bust of Geor,,e I draped and laureated, facing right Legend "cS;^ ■^H f f ""'"• ■^"^ """' °f 'he king is 20-,6 nlZl and .6.,6 across the shoulders. JlLse. Under atfee to the left stands a deer on a hill T„ .t ■ ■ root of the hill, stands anTudi^'witl^atri^lr *,^ m the act of shoodng the deer; over all, «,e slZ^t ^ays. Thmplanchet. Copper. Looped. Size 2s-,6 ^'ii |- K \i\ H SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. * , \f ife- This medal was included in the Collection of Coins, Medals, Minerals, &c., of Harmon A. Chambers, Carbon- dale, Pa., which was purchased and presented to the Wyo- ming Historical and Geological Society in 1858, thus form- ing the nucleus of the valuable collections now owned by this Society. The medal is described in Mr. Chambers' catalogue as " one ot *^he medals presented by George I. to the Chiefs of the Six Nations in 1716." (p. 11). As there was no conference with the Indians by any of the colonies of Great Britain in 17 16, Mr. Chambers' conclu- sions are merely conjectural. It may have been presented at the conference of the Governor of New York and the Six Nations in 171 5 or 1 717, but in tlie very full account of those conferences no reference whatever is made to this or any other medal. Where Mr. C. procured this medal and what its local history, I cannot ascertain; but the above account of it disposes of the impression which somehow has pre- vailed, that it was the copy referred to by Mr. Miner, or had been received by this Society from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 2. Point Pleasant Medal. — Obverse, Military bust of George I., draped and laureated, facing right, and 2-16 larger than the head of No. i. Legend the same as No. I, "George King of Great Britain." Reverse, Same as No. I, except that the hill is higher, the tree shorter and the Indian larger. Plan chet I -16 thick. Brass. Looped. Size 26. 3. Point Pleasant Medal. — Obverse, Military bust of George I., facing left, and laureated. Legend Georgius, — Mag. Br. Fra. et Hit. Rex. Reverse, Under a tree to the right, which follows the curve of the planchet, an Indian is standing in the posture of one about to run. He holds in his hand a bow from which the arrow has just been discharged. To the left, under a second tree SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. ,, which follows the left cu,ve of the planchet is a deer ru„„,„g at f.^1 speed. Between the I'dian and the Z stands a bush at the foot of which lies what appeirs to che^ v" t'r ^'"^ '? "° "'" °" '"^ -"^ "^- cnet very thin. Brass. Looped. Size i6. 4. Stearns Mkdai..-0^,„. and ^„„.„ ,^^ ^^^ ^ 2. Copper. Looped. Size 26 The only copy of this George 1. medal tl,at I have dis- covered m sale catalogues of coins is No. 2,8, of the Tew ett sale, January, ,876, placed among B.fJ^MoiZ Hence, supposed to be a copy of No. 2. ^t brought ,^. .si No :;r "" "" '" "^ ^"^""^" ^^'<^' ^"-^ 5. Jenkins MEDAL.-Ofe.«, Military bust of George I .2-16 across the shoulders, and ij-.e in length, Ihile' the o hers are .8-16 and 2,-,6. The hair does nor&U over the back „ a queue but is confined closely by th Hie which ,3 composed of ,2 leaves, and is much smaller than the others. The legend, ■■C^.J/C^^t Gr.a> Bruai„r extends over ;^ of the circfmfer^cf while m the other it is only about 5^. Aw«., The s" n a very large Indian to the right throwing a javelin Ma verv small deer, which stands to the leff at an angle of 40° from the Indian. Copper. Ve^- thick. Si't lh,s medal, now in the possession of Hon. Steuben lenk kms of Wyoming, Pa., was found on the banks of the Sus quehanna at Sunbury, by Mr. J. H. Jenkins. A copy of No. 2 is known to be in the Historical Societv of Pennsylvania. It is described in Miner's Hi ttryTf Wyoming, p. 37, ,„d i^ represented there by an engZnf I will be recognized as a duplicate of No 2. M^ M nf; gives this account of its discovery. After a gene^rri" cnption of the remains of ancient fortification iftieWyo mms Valley, he refers to one "on Jacobs' Plain , or [he" r 1' n Il- ly i6 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. upper flats in Wilkes-Barre ; " gives a detailed account of its appearance, and continues, "in 1814 I visited this fortifi- cation in company with the present Chief Justice Gibson and Jacob Cist, Esq. The whole line, although it had been ploughed for more than thirty years, was then distinctly traceable by the eye. Fortune was unexpectedly propitious to our search, for we found a medal bearing on one side the impress of King George the First, dated 17 14 (the year he commenced his reign), on the other an Indian Chief It was awarded to Mr. Cist, as the most curious and careful in such matters, and by him was deposited with the Philadel- phia Historical Society." Mr. Miner adds, in a note, " Should it not be placed with the Indian relics in a museum to be formed in Wilkes-Barre?" I courteously commend this suggestion to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. I think Mr. Miner must be in error as to the date, as none appears on the engraving of the medal, and none appears on any of the four medals just described. I have stated that this medal described by Mr, Miner is a duplicate of No, 2, but if the engraving given in Miner is an exaci counterpart of the medal, it should be classified as a variety of No. 2 — from a different die. In the engraving four stars appear near the sun, and a forest of trees in the distance beyond the Indian and the deer. It is possible that these additional figures were also struck on the medals just described, but if so, they have dissappeared, as the medals are all much worn and corroded. Other copies of this medal have been discovered in the State of Pennsylvania, but I have had no time to ascertain their present where- abouts. In 1835 ^^^^ Cohunbia Spy contained the following item: "A brass medal has been left at this office, which, together with several articles and a human skull, were Jug up a few days since in Wrightsville, York county, Penn'a. It bears on one side a head, with the inscription, " George King of SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. ,- Great Britain" and on the ofl,«. t ,• and a^ow in the ac. of s!;:o *"a dee "1." 1* "'rr worn as an ornament in the no.^ o earl fr '° '^ found also two others of similar descn^tion ' , K ' , "T -a string of white beads, one and a Ll ~, T ''""'= some red paint and twent^ fi >"d a half yards ,n length- dated ,7,6':" //'" ir^; s^e.""*^'' ""^ °' "'^■•'^h "-» .0 the canadfan^TJLr; ■„T.h?:t;f ^^"•'-r'^^ eighteenth centuo-. It is verv do, h^r , u^ ^'-'"' °' *' s.ruc. with any .Tfere„ce7,::Ltr:;^;';:xr '';; "^ sents on the Oivers, the head of LouL X V 'i ^'i'" usual Legend, "ZWmi.. ^"/F Z; r V T' , "" Jftverse. the bust of the n= .. '' , ' ''' '^''''- *«'•«• the Dukes of B rgunl : rAl'"' "^7 *^' *^ "^'^ °f children of the Dau'phit' 1^^^ ut fZ' ^^ '"^^ name and title Surrnnn.i; .1 *"^ respective This medafwars'upp"sed to beT'f':.*^ "="'= ^ "^^■" Louis XIV and ^^21/° . '''" '''^S'''" '^"ies of commemora;e:heS7t orj:fBe:V"r'™^^'" was used by the French p= . ? ^" ^^^^ever, it ca^edvery i wh^TrasL^r/ t Itif:!^'::^' T" Quebec. Mons. Rhbume, ct^tL of ZV"^' "'" Museum, Quebee, aslrts that i was 'a 1. f 7'™"'^ granted to the Indian ehiefs by the kiL foT •'"""■" these large silver medals wL given i>v^™"^■',"'' ^' George III The histnri^i jfT ^ ''"''S'-' "■ and birth'of a,e Du e^Be y : 8 "1^,°^*="™'-^ .=rcre-tinT.*r^'-~^^^^^^^^^ P0.edbyfletterrmMrrS;T;rX'd:S ^ r ;» 1 - i I It ^ ' ;■ i '.' i8 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. Quebec, October 17, 1725, who, after mentioning the Indi- ans, says: " Louis XIV., had sent silver medals of consider- able size, on one side of which was his portrait, and on the other that of the Dauphin, his son, and that of the three princes, children of the latter, to be given to those who should distinguish themselves in war. To them has since been attached a flame colored ribbon, four fingers in breadth, and the whole decoration is highly prized among them. When a chief dies he is honorably buried, a detachment of troops parade, several volumes of musketry are fired over his grave, and on his coffin are laid a sword crossejl with its scabbard, and the medal under consideration fastened upon them." (Ai/i. Jour. Num. XL gj) These medals are so extremely rare that I judge very few were presented to the Indians, or else, as Mr. Rhaume suggests, the English de- stroyed them after the conquest of Canada. A letter is extant in the archives of Paris, written by Governor Vaudreuil, of Canada, under date of September 21, 1722, in which he says: "I have received the letter with which the Council has honored me and the twelve medals bearing the portrait of the king, eight small and four large ones. I have continued to be careful not to be too lavish with this favor among the Indians, and to give them only to those who by their services to the nation deserve them, and to those whom I desire to bind to our interest by this mark of honor." In 1727, August 22, M. Beauharnais, the natural son of Louis XIV., and made Governor of Canada by Louis XV., wrote as follows : " Since the death of Mr. Vaudreuil, the Rev. Father Jesuits have not asked medals for the chiefs of the settled Indian.', for whom it was customary for them to ask some. The Rev. Father de la Chasse, to whom the Marquis de Vaudreuil had given one, tells me it is absolutely necessary to provide some more. I have received proof of this. The Indians from above, when they come down to M SILVER AND COPPEK MEDALS. I9> Montreal, would not relievp m^ r scvc.a, who have .c^JTLu ^T, Sb?, T'" you to enable nic to satisfv thcs<> «. , P'^^" do.e„ ,,™an „K.dals and tx a.;, olf ^ UtU° ''"'r ■" not sufficient for the year I sInM h ., \ """"'"='' '" some next year, but I shall tat L 7 " ^°"°"' '° ^* be valued and t^ give Zm onlvf ,. "'" T ""'"^ ""■™ «° then, on account o'f real s Xtw*: 7"° ^ "T'' o-?H:"rs;::tir:^™""--- assured that I will m,l,„ ,1, '""«"=■ His Majesty may be not distribute 1 nTtept' Tlltl '"' "'^' ' ^''="' attachment to the French'^li' ,^t ;:t;rTr' are many such to whr^m t i ^»"wn to me. As there honour, and as he aZ t'u 'ro^orr' '"■' ' '^^ "^ against the Foxes, places LT„l:L'™'!"--dH-ons a few to the principal Chiefs of the E wdton T K ^'""^ Lord, that some be sent me next yearstht T *" T' "^ abled to invest them with this mirk of h 7 ''" """ renders them more resoectlh . . "°"''' *'"'^'' "'=» t mm"'?"" °"''""''°' ^°^""°^ °f Canada, writes thu. to M. Machault, Minister of the Colonies : "Abbe Piquet's mission, report^dTV' f " '''^ Indians to be made up of spiefo/ he pfve^ltforha^'^t vniage Who had ^^r.s:^^!:z^:-::^^^ r 30 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. ' I "• I and they have expelled one of the brethren who was sus- pected of havinfj an F.nglish heart." — (X., 262.) December 20, 1756, at a conference between M. de. Vau- deville, Governor General of Canada, and the Indian depu- ties of the Ei^rht Nations, two English medals were sur- rendered. At which time Koucc, an Oneida Chief, said : " Father, we cannot retain two medals which we have for- merly had the folly to accept, from our brethren, the English, as a mark of distinction. We acknowledge that these Med- als have been the true cause of our error and that they have plunged us into bad business. We strip ourselves of them. We cast them from us in order not to think any more of the English." Parkman, in his fascinating volume on Montcalm and Wolfe, describes a medal worn by one of the Abenakis of St. Francis, as seen by Roubaud the Jesuit Missionary, as having " the king's portrait on one side, and on the other Mars and Bellona joining hands, with the device " Vir/us ct Honor." — //., ^80. This was not an Indian medal, but one of the many bronze medals of Louis XV., struck to com- memorate home events. What medals for distribution amongst the Indians were struck during the reign of George II., of England, 1727- 1751, I have not been able to learn. During the reign of George III. a variety appeared. Dr. E. B. O'Collaghan, whose name is a sufficient guarrantee of the correctness of his statements, sent the following note in 1865 to the His- torical Magazine, in which it appeared, September, 1865.— Seri'^s /., Vol. IX., 285. "Sir Danvers Osborne, after he had been appointed Gov- ernor of New York in 1753, brought out among other pres- ents for the Six Nations thirty silver medals; his Majesty picture on one side, and the Royal Arms on the other, with lo was sus- SILVER AND COPPKR MEDALS. j, ».ray one „,ay be found in ,,o„,e collcctiol~/'j O "^ ' thrcesizcs, 48-16 2£;-i6 nnri ,Q '''^'Y^o- 59- Heg.vcs (?^?r/'./Bust of r '""' A " '"'' ^'"''^"'■'■b^« 't thus: Uei Gratia y?.7;.rj^, R^yal Arms. No date Si.e ^9 A copy of this medal was sold in the leweU CoH / January, [X76 for sv , nn .„ , • , . -^ " <-olIection, " No I , r TnT 7', T " ^^•''^^'"'bed there tluis : iNo. 1 14 1, Indian medal (silver). 0/^vcnr Rnc* f r III. Vounfr IinnH /' ;, -^ ^^^^'-y^iiust of George '•■•^tribution to fhc India ,.;, ,™ ■;;::''lr?''''^^ "" *an,cd n-on, .,.e ,.„d.,o„ oi^J^^:;^^-^ In tl,c American Journal of Numismatics XII ^S will be found an article on Mn Old Indian Med " is ,;.d' .VT dunng thereurnof GcorfTP TTT k • '^■^"^<^ 1757, callcd'-the ■■ Friendly A°ocii'„l'V°"^''^ '" "'"-''■■Iphia ing Peace with the^ndTa ^"ScM:^" /T": seatcd at a Council Fire the L ■"' ""^ " ''■'"■"P'^" -.orpipeofpeace:;::;ards'rs7n:ri,::e"n;Sr'?r device is surro.mded by the le-^end " I If ? , ' Most High Who hiessfd our'^F.;"! ^^^l^.^ ^i; r oTr :r";^t-;;:!ir s '"if '^^ 4 this medal No -'iSe W.h '";'''• ^'^^ 28. Bronze. Of j, Professor Jame D Butt ' Lr" n'f 'r "''"°"' Historical Society in a valuaht ' °/ ""^ *'^^°"^'" Relics of the Northw™ ^S/^?"""*^'^^''^ "'='»* So«V» IX ,, """"""l («tow« WwOT^a j%i&„V,j/ po:::^siof 'o te'^HS^oirr -i ^ ^="r ' "°" - *^ Hn,ish ana K ,r^^^^^^^ ^1^^^^ is printea in st-rrtn;;--'-'^-;^^^^ ti.e Folles Avoines (^^LlZ^^'^l^Ti^-'^'' ^"'"" at arms at Montreal this T . ""f ^_^n^y hand and seal ai. iviuncreai, this seventeenth dav of >?7/«-,/ / Defcnderof the Fa°r&f' ""• ^™== ^^^ '-'»d, Kinf, XI • J Frederick HALDiMAvn " ft H 24 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. may have been simply some of the regular historical medals of Great Britain struck in connection with its Canadian history. I have buc one other medal of this character to notice. Professor Butler, in the paper above referred to, gives an account of a Spanish -Indian medal, discovered at Prairie du Chien, about 1864, and now the property of the Wisconsin Historical Society. Its description Is as follows : Obverse, A bust 24-16 in height, clearly stamped. Sur- rounded by the legend, " Carlos III., Rcy DEspana, e de Las Indias " — " Charles III., King of Spain and the Indies." Reverse, Within a wreath of Cactii, which is tied with rib- bons, the words, " />or merito" the word " merito " covering more than 17-16. Size 36; silver, weighing jjd grains. Professor Butler thinks this medal was presented to. Huisconsin, a Mitasse chief of the Sauks and Foxes, No- vember 20, 1 78 1, by Don Francisco Cruzat, the Spanish Governor. I notice, in the personal Narrative of Capta-n Thomas G. Anderson, who was active under the English in the capture of Prairie du Chien, during the war of 18 12, the following record : " Some of the Indians in this quarter had been induced by exaggerated stories from the enemy to surrender the Royal George medals which they had received as tokens of friendship from General Haldimand, Lord Dorchester, and other prominent commanders in the early days of Que- bec, for those of the American eagle. However, they soon returned to their old flag." {Wis. His. Soc. Col., vol. IX., p 196.) This medal has the Royal Arms on the Reverse, with the Lion Supporters. I have examined over 200 coin catalogues in my library, covering a period of thirty years, with reference to the med- als which I have just been describing, with the foregoing SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. 3. no. been exhausted ' " ' "" """ *^ ''"''>"'>- It may not be generally known that it has h„n n, torn, during each presidential tern, of he Uni cj StaT" meaais, usually round or oval hear r^n i-u^ i. , of the president of the Un kid Stat. ul "'' '^' ^"^' of office- on fi.« states, With his name and title 01 omce, on the reverse, some device such n« ti,„ p -j offerinG- his h^nH f^ -, t j- *"^ President -^iJan^ttl^Co!";:!;!^^^^^^^^ of these, in bron7P ran k^ r j • , "^'^- -^ '"11 set , uiuiue, can be found in the Ruchnoii o i / rrd:lTrra;;rrofa,r;T'"r"""^^-- Jacket isoneofthisseriesTL k ''° '■^"■' "'' '^^'' f.:::.^ioi?/-rr-i^':ror^^^^^^^ 1S77, all silver : "^ °^ November, 971. Millard Fillmore Medal, iS^o-SiVe .r -n silver, ^4.25. Sold for $5.50. ^ ^' ' ^'"'2:^, 972. James K. Polk Medat i«^f c- Brought ^2.75. ' ^^45-Size 33 ; weight ^2.33. 973. Zacharv Taylor Mbtiat c- Brought ^3.50. ^^°^^-S.ze33; weight ^2.33. 974- Abraham Lincoln Medal— Si-7P .« Brought ^13.00. Size 48 ; weight ^6.53. 97'5- Andrew Tohnson Mvr.Ar c- Brought S6.3S M'^'^A'—S^e 48; weight S6.58. m r 26 SILVER AND COPPER MEDALS. 1*1 I am sorry, indeed, that I have no fuller account of so interesting a branch of American Numismatics, and Amer- ican Indian History, than that which I have just presented to you ; but having drawn these facts from my own private library exclusively, we may judge how much more might have been written with larger resources at hand. mm 5unt of so md Amer- presented wn private lore might