IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^^ lii 2f Hi *^ II I I S ^a ■20 1.1 s. ■■■ 1^ llr- "^ I Sciences CQrpcHHti0n 23 WBT MAM STRUT WnSTiR,N.Y. 14SM (7l6)R7a-4S03 .^. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inttituta for Historical IMieroraproductiona / Institut Canadian da microraproductions iiiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa taehniquaa at bibliographiquaa The institute has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of this copy which may ba bibliographieally unique, which may altar any of the imegea in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, ere checked below. D D n □ D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur r~~l Covers demagad/ Couverture endommegAe Covers restored end/or leminated/ Couverture resteurte et/ou pelliculAe I — I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cartes gAographiquas en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other then blue or block)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. eutre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other meteriel/ Reli* avac d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior mergin/ La re liure serr6e peut ceuser de I'ombre ou de le distortion le long de le marge intMeure Blank leaves sdded during restoration may eppeer within the text. Whenever possible, these hsve been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches sjoutAes lors d'une restauration apparaiasant dans le texte, mais, lorsque cele Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 4tA film*es. Additionel comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentaires: L'institut e microf llmA le meilleur exempleire qu'il lui e At* possible de se procurer. Les dttaiis de cet exempleire qui sent peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliogrephique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dene le mAthode normale de f ilmege sont indiquAs ci-dessous. Tl to r~pi Coloured pages/ D Pagee de couleur Peges dsmeged/ Pages endommagAen Pages restored and/oi Pages resteurAes et/ou pelliculAes Peges discoloured, stained or foxei Pages dAcoiorAes, tschetAes ou piquAes Pages detached/ Peges dAtachAes Showthroughy Transparence Quelity of prir QuelitA inAgale de I'impression Includes supplementery meterii Comprend du metAriel supplAmenteire Only edition availeble/ Seule Adition disponible r~n Peges demeged/ I — I Pages restored and/or lamineted/ [~y| Peges discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ r~^ Showthrough/ I I Quelity of print veries/ r~~1 Includes supplementery meteriel/ pn Only edition availeble/ Tl P< O' fi Oi bi th si 01 fii Sil or Tl sli Tl w M di er. bk rifl re( n*'. Peges wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Les peges totelement ou pertiellement obscurcies per un feuillet d'erreta, une pelure, etc.. ont AtA filmAes A nouveeu de fe^on A obtenir le meilleure imege possible. This item is filmed et the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmA eu teux de rAduction indiquA ci-dessoua. 10X 14X 1SX 22X 28X 30X X 12X ItX aox a«x 28X 32X lilt du diftor Th* copy filmMl hara hat b««n raproducMl thanks to tho gonoroalty of: Ubrary of tho Public ArchlvM of Canada Tha Imagaa appoaring hara ara tha bast quality poaaibia consMaring tha condition and laglbility of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract spacif icationa. Original copkM In printad papar covart ara fllmad baginning with tha front oovar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad Impras- sion, or tha back eovar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- sion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraasion. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tiM symbol — ^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymbol V (moaning "END"), whichavar appliaa. L'axamplaira fiimA fut raproduit grica A la gAnAroaltA da: La bibliothiqua das Archives pubiiquas du Canada Las imagas suh^antas ont At* raproduitas avac la plua grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film*, at 9n conformh* avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. I.as axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat imprim*a sont film*s an commanpant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'illustration, soit par la second plat, aalon la caa. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont film*s an commandant par la prami*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darni*ra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa symbolas suivants apparaltra sur la darni*ra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la caa: la symbola —^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la aymbola ▼ signifia "FIN". IMapa, piatas, charta, ate., may ba filmed at different reduction rattoa. Those too large to be eri>:'<*«iy included in one expoaura ara filmed b%b!nt.ie ' ••• *he upper left hand corner, left to right h. .r" tap to bottom, as many framea aa required. The following diagrama illustrate the mathod: Lea cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent *tre film*a * das taux da r*duction diff*rants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour *tre reproduit en un soul clich*, il est film* A partir da I'angle sup*rieur gauche, de gauche * droite, et de haut an baa, an prenant la nombre d'images n*cessaira. Lea diagrammes suivants illustrant la m*thoda. ate Blure. * 3 1 2 3 I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 L^ o^ Km4 HP ^ *■ 7rW<: t •.If %. '.I I > istiiinsiii h DAILY TELECmAM THIS little book is dexoted to the interests of the country which it pages profess to describe. An effort has been made to do it justice, without exaggeration, or statements calcu- lated to mislead. There are frequent pictorial illustrations, which give to the eye as clear a conception of the general character of the country as can very well be obtained without a personal visit. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Introductouv Remarks ExTt;NT OF Agricultural Lands Climatic .*■... Geography of the District . The Railway Situation Agricultural Capabilities . Fruit Growing . . . . Available Land and Prices A Sportsman's Paradise Mineral Wealth Field for Industries Timber Vernon .... An Unexplored Region PAtJES 1 — 3 5 — 7 9 —11 13 14—15 17—19 21—22 23—27 29 31—33 35—41 41 43—45 47—48 Tlir. OKANAGAX COl XTRV. THEilE are u uumher of valleys in the southern interior of British Columbia, forniing part of a continental depression, pxtendinji; as far as the (kilf of Mexico. That poi-tion to which this little book particularly refers is known iienerally as Okanagan. Okanagan is mainly in the Osooyos division of the Yale district, and is made up of Shuswap, Salmon Arm, (J rand Prairie, Spallum- cheen, Priest, Coldstream or White. Mission, Salmon Kivei- and adjacent valleys, ami such tributary secti(»ns as Kettle liiver. Rock Creek, Similkameeii, Keremeos, and part of Nicola Valley. The general physical chai-actei'istics of all this country are those of an undulating, elevated table land, varying in altitude from one thousand to three thousand feet, embracing rich open valleys, sur- rounded by grassy benches, intei'sected by i-ivers and low numntain ranges, dotted with picturesque lak»>s and woodland, and enjoying a dry, healthful and invigorating climate -a country of rich and varied res(mrces, and yiehling as wide a range of products as are to V,e found within eipial limits in any known part of the world. As will be seen hereafter the fruits of the soil comprise all those indigenous to the north temperate zone in its widest extent : while in other respects the elements of wealth in rdDfii/nifi/ are those conti'ibuting to the highest prosperity of a connnunity timber, grazing lands and minerals. GENERAL ADVANTAGES. There are several impoi-tant factors entei'ing into Okanagan as a fai-ming country, which ensui-e its future without a doubt: The gi-eat fertility of the soil. The ease with which it may be broucht into cultivation. Absolute ceitainty of crop returns. — 1 — — 2 — ^ The iuiiminity fiom desti-uctivo stoiins, insect ravfi^'os, find other Uiitunil cuusos of failuiv, Ijy which funning is connnttnly beset, IS a (listinguishinjj; feature of the. entire district. It is uni((iie in the respect that it is jn-ohably th(^ only part of the American Continent where faniiei-s can obtain cash advances from tlie mills on the pros- •pective wheat returns as soon as the seed is in the ground. Other •conditituis peculiarly in its favd and tifty miles or more in lentitli, with triltutary hranehes. TIk; purely aifricultural portions e!t]>al)le of all kinds of ci'ops eereals, roots and fruits have lieeii |)laeed. in (iren, at between .'{OO.OOOfind .■)U(),000 aeies, Ixith numbers being ollici.il ; while the pastoral lands are put down at several millions of acres. Xew valleys iiave bei'ii discover«Ml since the date of (!o\ermiient Hnijineer Far veils report, published in 1SS7, which was oi'dercij for the pur pos>^ of ascertain ini,' the extent ,-tnd character of the aniicull iiral Ian Is aliMii,' the line of ami tributaiy to the propttscd Shuswap and Okanaiian railway, and thouyli otlicial, and containiMy the most re liable infoiinat ion heretofore matrict in <|U<'s(ion, is (tbviously incomplete. So far as the < lovciiimciit oth«'e> are concerned theie is little or no lanhuswai» lliver, head of Mara Lake, to north boundary of section !•"», tj). ."iS lO.tKMt Salmon Kiver Valley 1 2,000 Mis.sion Valley, south tp. iMi l."),000 White Valley and tributaries ir),000 I )eei) Cl-eek Valley I0,0()(» (VJ.OOO ACUKS, LuikIs on ()kaiia;,'aii Luke l.'0,()()(> Cheny Civi-k Ki.OOO •M],OQO PriiK'('t(»ii t ) KtM'ciiicos I.'l.OOO KftcuitMis to Clistdlii llniisf . , ir),UO(J Pciitictoii to I'.ouiidarv ."{0,01)0 r)S,ooo T(.tal ;{0."),7()0 Till' al)o\ (• ict't'fs to ayrii'iiltuial land and docs not iiu'Iudc ln'iiclu «>i' jiastmc land, all of wliich is nior»' or less tillahlc witli, and in many instances without, ii-rij^ation, cxcn in jtlai-cs to the tops ot" the mountains, ^[r. C. l"l Perry, Cliict' Eni,'int'fr of th»' Shuswap and ()kana;j;an i-ailway, estimates the area of wheat lands at o()0,000' aei-es. The (ioveriunent aycnt at Vernon, Mr. hewdney, i-eports .some 1 <)•'). f^OO acres prr-i niji/n/, which, of course, does not include crown lands, oi* purchasers ot larsjfe tracts, nor does it niclu( de- Osooyos, Kock Creek or the White and Similkameen \allev.> Mr. Perry, who knows the country, on account of his otlicial jiosition, ))etter proliahly than any other man in it, writes; "."My estimate of aOOjOOU acres availahK' for ajj;ricultural purposes, outside of purely pastoral lands, is within the truth." The i^reater pait of the countiy is open prairie, the remainder heini^ li;,'htly timbered and easy U> clear. A iioitd ;,feneral iilea will be obtained from the fre(juent illus- tration appearing elsewhere. CHARACTER OF THE SOIL. Speaking gi-nerally the soil is l)lack loam, with se limentary^ clay sul)-soil of great depth, and conse([uently inexhaustible in fer- tility. In one place, in digging a well, this fei tile deposit was found to extend 60 feet below the surface. On some of the benches a. lighter, sandy lo:im prevails, excellently adapted for fruit. The soil is everywhere wonderfully proiluctive, as high even as 1,000 feet al)ove the levels of the valleys, from which benches rise in succes.siou hack to the mountains. — (J — GENERAL APPEARANCE. Tlic wli»»l«' country liiis ii park-like iippfiU'tuice, witli liclts of timlMM- Kurticit'iit for all tlie (>coiioiiii(! iuhmIs of the district, luuiicrouM beautiful lakes and streams bein<; interspersed. Thus, a peeuliitrly invit in;,' landscape is presented: The surface;, level in places, rollin;^ here, terraced there, dotted at int key to the adjacent bench lands, upon which rani,'e thousands of head of cattle. Jn vu!W, liort'ever, or railway connnunication nemj; opened up, tiiere has been larj^e acreajjfe recently bi'ou<,dit into cultivation, and for several years back numerous oichards have been planted out. Already there is a number of ytaing orchards in bearin<;, the fruit of which is t)f the very finest (juality and cannot be excelled anywhere in Canada. Develoi)ment lienceforth will be very rapid. CLIMATH. ,hic-li this land «)f valleys possesses, the limate. To that element is due many of he possibilities of I'.ritish Columbia, but to no part of it does F all the advanta,i,'es w predominant one is e tl le reman k ai)i)lv with .tjreater foire than to the Okana-an. All tl Pacific Slope, to the sunnni t of the Hocky Mountains, is tem} )ereu by the Japan euiren t and the sea l)reezes by the interv<'nni,i,' i noun- tains are stripped of their excessive m(»isture about one thousai e IS nd feet aVxive the sea lev( .listricts from 1,000 to -Ijm. as at Crand V Hiver plat<>au. resi)ecti\<'ly. a n>ll within the aj;ricu Thejueneralaltitud the tiutlyin;;; ,uid the Kettle iltuial limit, as varvuii:' m airie detineil 1)V l>r. Dawson. i'hisaltitude. with the modifyinf,' iiitUic nt't's ,t' the ocean, imparts almost abso lute salubrity to the climate, w hich now that it isberomin,iil<""»^^" '•'""'' lical 1 lien, 1 \)vv.v' more and more rccomment l.>d as health resort, and ..specially to dcbiliti.ted. ma- l.irial and consumpti\f jiatient The climate is dry, an^. prevails tin-ou,L;hout the year. SoUH ■times the thermometer ,u<»c: lii^h ) ill the shfide, l)Ut rare Iv but the evening's, without cxreiitions, arc with protr.'u-tcil twili,i,'ht and doiidU immunity from summer frosts. In wii and uniformitv of temp ni rht> cool and itleasaiit. Tliere is alisolutc Iter, tliere is a s llifllt siiov fall 'I'aturc. the ,>;la> •liloii I showin.K licl i)W /.ero. I-: x'remes o f heat and cold are not tell to any i^ rca t de.u xrec. ami iilto- <,'ether the met«'n"olo,i,dcal conditii>iis are as pel feet as tliev xcry well can lie Til e snow fall IS never lieavy am 1 cattle uni/.e the year n lU nd on the hills. METEREOLOGICAL DATA. Nootlicial meteivol..-ical recor.l has ever been kept in this sec- ,i.,n of the Province, but the followin-. fn-.n the .liary of a prominent farmer in the Spallumcheen valley, ^ives a few interest, n^^acts tor liv.^ yciiTs fr..m ISS-J to ISSC. inclusive: 1SS2 finished seeding April 29th; plenty of niiu in Miiy; har- vest tinished September 10th; first frost October :51st. 1S83— finished seeding May loth, and cutting grain August. 2r)th; tirst fiost October 2")th; thennonieter 20'. 1SS4- linished seeding May Uth, and harvest September Hth;, first frost Oct(.ber 3rd; second frost November 20th; thermometer 19\ ISS.-) finished seeding April 29th, and harvesting August 22mU first frost November 11th; thermometer 20. 1 SSC) tinished seeding May .3rd, and harvesting August 17th;. first frost November 4th; thermometer S . .•In this district," says Mr. Farwell, ''the seeding is generally tlnisluMl before the 20tli ..f May, and all grain, as a rule, is garnered before the fiist of September." THE MATTER OF IRRIGATION. C.nning within the of coniiiiwnica- ti<»ns to and out of them must pass thnuiiili i'- Some seven oi' eiyht wa,i,'on roads lead out of N'ernon in various direi tions. To reach N'ernon from the line of the ('. P. M. tline ai e sc\t'i"al welhknown routes travclleil (• r years: for it must lie understood that, thou,u;h just now attracting,' unusual attention, it has a liistorv reachinir hack nearly half a century. Coniiiii;- from the south .lesuit Fatheis established a mission amonti' the Indians there in iStU). (The pioneer Father I'endo/.y, retired from his earthly lah ^'e^no^ and Okaiiayan Kailway Co., which will run a line from Vernon soutii to the IJoundarv, follow- ing the shores of Long antl Okanagan Lakes and Okanag.in liiver, >vhei'e it will connect with a railway from the south. A RAILWAY TO NELSON. A railway is ]>rojeL'ted from Vernon to i-un in a southeasterly •direction, to connect l)y way (»f Lower Arrow Lake with Sproat's Linding on the Coluniltia and the Nelson mining camps on the Columbia and Kooten.iy liailway. NEW MAIN LINE OF THE C. P. R. It is thought that the new C. P. K. route? fi-om Lethhridgo through Crows Nest Pass, to cut off the big and expensive bend through tiie mountains, will go hy the way of Vernon, striking the present line of the C. 1'. IL at Ducks or Kandoops. Iri fact, on this point, a railway engineer of repute says: "A feasiltle route for ^' a lailway has been found from Vernon through the White Valley, " and I'la Cheri-y Creek to the Columbia River. 7 hei'(> can be no " doubt that this will 1h> the main line of the Canadian Paal)ilities, faniiiiii,', horticultuif ami stoi-k-raisiii;;. Wiicat lias lu'cii aii'l is u;iM\vii fvcrywlii'iv tlii.»ui,'lii>iit tin- distrift with j,fivat suctvss, and thi' Cihinihia Fhmiiii!,' .Mill di.. has hcfii ruimiii;!,' niyht aiul day ft)i' fli^'ht niniilhs ot' llic y«'ar at its full capacity uf lUU bai'i-els 1 cr day. WHEAT GROWING. A safe av. ivii,'!' yield of wheat is :}.*> l)ushels per aei-e and ueea- ion il viel Is >ii) us hijfh as (l(j iuid (>•"> l)iishel> T le aveia;,'e naniei IS (• title 1 tit in' ( Jiivernnient ntlicials at Vernnn. fu IS,S4 tl le return from a steam thresher in Spallumeheen fur •'iOO acres sh(»wed an a\t'ra;.ie of 17 hushels per acre : in ISSti, which was an unusually dry seas(»n, the avera^'t' was ."5.") i)ushels throughout the district. List year .Mr. .Mo.m's Ijumlty, one of the pioneer farmers, and a <,'entlenrin to whose enterprise is due much of the attention now heinv' dii',' 'te 1 thithei'. threshed <>'_' Itushels to the acre of Ladoifa \v he;it. Tile j,'>'neral axerayc last vear was about 40 bushels. Wii'Mt rip -ns h ird and full and i> of tirst-class millini,' (luality. Ten sim]tle> of wheat collected from ibis district were sul)niitted by the Vancou\<'r llovrd of Trade, to W. \V. ( )u:ilvie. Ks(|.. Montreal, C'lnadas biii^jfest miller, ami the (ioveinnent expert there, who j)iMnounc.' 1 m >4 favoral)ly on them foi- milling purpo.M-s. as will l)e s"en liy the pubiishe I report of the IJoard of Trade of ISSS). The s;imples v,j-re all as they came from the thiesher. Takini,' the v.alley lands of ()kana''an alone, if two-thirds wore turned to wheat jrrowinir the result would e.vceed the usual acreaj'e of the Manitoba oi op, statement that mav .staywr those who have been in the habit of sneei'ins,' at British Columbia as a ".sea of mountai theless, beyond cavil. -17- ns. but, never- ■A ■A 3 — 18 BARLEY Xm. I llarlcy can hf yi'owii with ;in a\<'i;ii,'(' result ('(|U)il t(» that of wheat. The sjit'ety of liaivestinji,' jind iimiiuiiity from rain onsui'es the l)est (|n;ilily a-; ti» culoi- iiinl c<»iise(|iieiitly the hi,u:he.st market prire. Tlie twoiowel Ixirley sd mtnli in (iciiiaiid in ICnifland fui- mahin;; purixises, wuiiM unddiilitedly icac!, ;i hin-Ji state of jiei-- fectinii. 'I'iie fact ihat all tlie mih ii^ed in I5riti.>h Cohnnhiii is inijiHited uii'^Iit to stinudale the ^rosviiii; of limley. and the iiudtini; iiidusli-y as well. The nianufacl ure nf •• put " i if pearl harley niuld be pi'otitahly underlalven, mure especially a-, the eapital reipiii-ed is ineon.-.ideraiile. PEAS AND CORN. I'eas and e-ini lia\t' iiei'ii ii'rowii only fnr hniisehuld use as vet, l»ut in tlii- limited way indicate sufi-e-,sful cult isaliiiii. I'orn yises proinisi' of heiiii;' a useful cmiimei'cial crop, the climate heinj;' most. fa\oral)le, and e■^pt•cially swce! corn t'oi' canning; pur|iiise.-., earryin,;;; a lii^h pei'ceiitaL:'!' of saccharine mat ter. < )ats do well and yield lary'ely. ROOTS AND VEGETABLES. I'otatoo. turnips, carrot-^. I)eels, and all rout ci'op> and vey;*.'- tal)li's yield enormously. SPECIAL PRODUCTS. There are a few spei-ial pro luct^ such as h(>]is. ,-cril)ed. Peaches do well wherever trieil, and a tourist writes ai)out them heinji so plentiful in one or two urchards as t(» Itc t\'i\ to the hojfs. OTHER FRUITS. In addition to the fr'uits already ini'niioncd. pears, plums, cherries, apples anil all >mall fruits are apparently indigenous, anv their cultivation. The <)kanaiian valleys are rcmarkaUle for the line apple.- L;i(»vvn. On this siiiiject a writer in the Kamlonps Si nil in I, New ^'eal•'s eilitioii is ipiotel, whosavs: '• It will he fonirl. however, that th(^ "most import.anl fruit district will lie developcl in the North and '• South Thompson. S]»allumcheen and Okanatfin v.dleys, where not '■ only extensive areas exist, hut the most favinid)le conditions. The " latituile and altitude are just riyht for apples of Lfoiid tlavor, size " and shippint; (pialilies. and after .all apples are the most protitaltle " of all crops and capahle of the Li'ieatest expansion. These " districts are well situated for controllim!; the markets of Manit(»ha '' anah,.ofthis. An..lh.^^ the British Clvunbia F.nit (Growers Ass.K.,at..n. sa>s.- fhcic u are .... i-.sect pests. l.H^hts. v(-etahl.-,„ol.l or ...o^s. AN OFFICIAL REPORT. The report \n nuestion (to iMuit (l-owe,." Assoeial ion) says: -- . C;,..L-s o different varieties yield heavily : there ts a „-eat variety .;:;;iffowers: all cultivated ffo.e..s .Well: elin..e. the h^ . in the ^vo,.l.l : ^vin.ls .l.> .u.t p.vvail." The .•.,..,. a.l.ls . ^ T. . eonvi.u.e.l that this is the ,a..le.. ..f tin- P.-..v>.u.e .. L tt sh .OUunhia. Tt i. capable of anythi,., a..y ..tl... part of th. < Dominion is. i AVAILAHI.H l.AXDS AND PRICES. I \ regard to the lan d uvjiilublc for agric-ultural purposes, it may l)e*rivp("'Mte(l that thoioiiyh surveys would dischtse (•oiisisses. already fully pointed out, the.se lands are relatively nuu-h cheaper than farms in any othei- part of the continent. AROUND VERNON. The iieiuM-al charactei- of the country around and leading from the lutrth and west has been pretty well indicated already. COLDSTREAM VALLEY. From V<-inon to Cherry Creek is a good wagon road. The distance is al miles, the road passing through Coldstream Valley and Blue Spring. That embraces a large tract of country surrounded by bench lands, excellently adapted for grain growing and ranching. Much of this beiutiful valley, which is onv of the most fertile and attractive in the province, is owned by Hon. F. G. Vernon, Com- mis.si(mer of Lands and Works. A colony of some forty or lifty French Canadians went into the valley about a year ago and took up land are reix.rted as succeeding and well pleased with their location. — 23 — ;4 n V. •24 r. y. THE GARDEN OF BRITISH COLUMCiA, 7 (Join,!,' from Vernon soutliwjiid, llic ni.iin roul i; followed, (•liiiil»iii,!f the niouiitiiin f«»r t'oui- miles, (lro|)i)inu: a.yain io tlie level of Lonif Lake, jKissin''' throui-li timbered tflades, i)un(;li <;ra.ss, meadow- land and wheat fields and aic l)roui,dit to the end of a eharminijf valley, thirty-six miles fr(»m the ]».>int of sfartinLf. Ai'oiind Okan- ayan Mission, is the ijarden of Ihitisii ('oliiml)ia. The valley is about sixteen miles 1 mh' and an averaije (if live or six miles wide, and here l^ord Aiterdeen, on his visit last l*\dl. |>in'chased throiiufh Mr. (i. (!. ?i1arkay. of Vancotn i-i', a tine ranch. Stock- i-aisin.i,' is the principal industry. l)Ut mixed farmim;- is earried on to a considerable extent, and with tiie most satisfactory results. A yreat many hoLfs are raised not ttnly in this \alley. but are a characteristic pi'oduct of the counti'y Lfeiierally. Larn'e -hi|iments ]ia\e been made to Calvary anackin'; promises te\fntyli\e miles from Vernon, is reached i)y steamer on the < (kaiia^an Lake ami from there to ( )sooyos at the .\inericau iioundary is ihirty-NcvtMi miles, Iraxclled l)y stai^e oi' waifon. Alony- this line, which is the proposed route of the N'erimn and <)kaiiaL;an Hailway. is consi(lei'al)le ^ood land, much of which is not taken u[i. ROCK CREEK, ETC. At ( )sooyos to reach l!o;-k (Vcek.an important mineral di>ti'ict, it is necessary to cross the lioundary and return northwaid. l"'rom hei'e Lower IJock (Vcck is fourteen miles, where farmiuL;' laiid> be^in a,iiain. and itet ween that and the rxiundary, lifteen mi]e>. distant, numerous farms havi- lieen taken up. Tr.n cllim;' on a l,' I wai;on road, Kettle l{i\cr counti'V is approacluMl from this point. The (iovernment i.-, I)uildinn' a bridye o\<'r ( )kananan Hi\t'r at !\ruL;er"s, at the head of ( )sooyos. and another across the Keltl' !ii\er and construct inii,' a wayon i-oad to connect the two. thus opcninn' up direct communication wholly within Canadi.m territory. — L'5 — , ^ 1 ? ''M 1 A '■1 ' J 1 i iJ i «3 1 4 H i m 1 V ■■ ^ ^ .jii - . ■ -. ^ KEREMEOS AND SIMILKAMEEN. West of Osooyos in the Osooyos division are the l)iji bunch ijfrass »,'razin;,' districts of Keremeos and Siinilkanieen, the bench lands of which, with in"i<(ation, are capable of j)roducinfi; innnense t|uantities of fruit. Tiiercf are innnens(! herds of cattle here, from which the markets of the coast are mainly supplied with beef. KETTLE RIVER. in the Kettle IJiver country, about which a yreat deal has been learned i-ecently, st'v«'ral families have settled in the past year or two, ami futuie settlemtMit jiromises to be lapitl, the various mining camps atlbi-ding a gond markel. Kettle Uivcr mikI its tributaries are particularly rich in tine timber an;! the \alley is well adapted for agricultural products of all kinds. (irand Pr.iirie, Ketth^ Uiver, is a fertile valley about twelve miles ill length and from two to foui- in width. Settlers aii' being attracted thither also, and are breaking up laud. This locality is well woiided and water«'d, tlie Kettle lliver. imc of the tiiiest trout trout streams in the Province, running through it. WEST SIDE OF OKANAGAN. lieturning on the west side of ( )kanagan is another large tract of agricultural lands. ( )n Ti'out Civek Mi', .lones has a line stock farm, and is breeding extensivi-ly Perclu-ron horses from imported French stock. A WORD OF CAUTION. While dealing with the extent and character of farming lands, a word of caution is necessary to the intending settler. In carry him through until his land begins to be remunerative. Settlers should avoid the mistake of (hscounting the future by assuming liabilities that will eilhi'r burden thetii for years •or swam{) them altogether. intelligent, industrious farmers with .some means, are the kind of men who will succeed. To such no other part of America can oiler such inducements, and the great advantage of the early settler, apart from the rich resources of the hind itself, is the natural inctvase in the value of the hohlings, which iias inaile thousands in this province, as in all new countries, rich. — 27- •Js ■ i A SPORTSMAN'S I'ARADISH. THE iiit(M'('st which attaches to any county 'is always cnhaMccd ill (h'trrcc by the (ipjjiirtuiiitios wliicli arc ailoidcd for sport. Tliis iH'ijion may hi' and has Ih'cii characterized as a ]taia(Us«' foi- the luinter and sportsman. I>i;,' yaiiie abounds in caritioii. wliite and black-tail deer, and on the lii,<,dier mountains bii,' horned sheej) and i^oats. One firm alone last year shii)j)ed out six tons of deer skins. More remote ai'e to be found the Lfreat black, cinnamon and "frizzly bears. There are a few <,M'ey wolves, lynx, cayotes, and the kinif cat of the Ivockit's. the American panther. THE FEATHERY TRIBE Ts represented in millions of t;ees<' and duck, the former often feedin,!;- in lai-.i^e Hocks on the stubble. Sandhill cranes and beautiful ••uid stately specimens of the swan are met with early in the spi'inn and late in fall, (irouse is abundant in sections and of several vai-ieties, viz., prairie chickens, blue, rutlled and spruce grouse antiT is (nic of tln' clii.'t' mainstays of a nation and a really iirosjK'rnus coinnMiiiiiy is one that lias nianv sonirrs of w rail li. or in ol Iht \vo|-ils. our i li.il dors nol driirnd upon one oi' t wo 1 liinu's for sucrrss. W liilr t lir ( 'l;;\n;\L;'an count rv has i;-|'ain. fi'uil. tiuiWri', li^h, |ia>,( ui-ai.'r. liridthful ai;d r.\- hilai'al ini;' rliniatc. spori, pict ul■rs(|urnr,■^■^ and otliri' ad\antaL;rs. it has al.^o niinri-al wrallh, appairnily i!liniilal:lr ( oal. ^I'ld, .dhcr, platinum, niira. t^alrna. and iron. Al ('hniy Crrrk. llork C'lcrK, Siwash (Vrrk, <)kanat:'an i/i';r. Kriilr llivri'. Krrrmro-,. Stolrh Creek. (Iranite Ci-rrk -iml ri,rv\lirrr llir ininri-al iiniiialiou- air ino.-l pi'onounrrd and hundi'r !>■ of claims lia\i' lirrii rrroidrd. CHEh?RY CREEK. 'I'lir Chri'rv Cic'k .Mining- Co. took up a claim on Clirri'y Creek in ISC)^', and the ore takrn out was very rich. M'srral ions of which was shipped to San l''i;incisco for treatmml and yielded as liiyh as .SI, -00 to the ton. The vein. Iiil\ei', gold was found in payinn' (piantities and for year-, their wa.^ a laru'e iiiininii- population workiiiLi' the placer deposits. < >ne coiupany, the "Christian Ih'os.."" was \ cry >ucces.>ful. and some xahmile nu,L;;<;-ets were taken out, one worth Sli»"i. 'Phei'c are still while miners at woi-k cn.LraiAV I in tuniu'llin.y with a \ itnv of startinu' a hack channel, and aiv \t'ry saiiLCuine t»f success. The Monashee Mine is situated oil tlu> head of tlu^ Creek, and the company, of which lion. \<\ O. Vernon is a lar,i;e shareholder, is without doubt in possessicai of a tine propei'ty. The led<,'e has i)een traceil al)out thice miles. A lar.i^e amount of e.xpoiisive work has been accomplisheil, and crushin<; commences this .season. This mine is on the proposed line from Vernon to Nelson and other \aluable disco\eiies are anticipate I 6)1 route. — ;n — — 32 y. "y, ■f. y, o y. V. -*^ •f. V. ^. ■r. ROCK CREEK AND OTHER LOCATIONS. Hock Crci'k, wlitM'i' «'uiisi(h'nil)lc niii.ini,' cx'stc I sonit' yi'jirs iii,'t), is iimttlifi' iiiiitui'tfiiit iiiiiiiiii,' point. (^)irnt:'. o^' ii liii^li ,i,'iji!l(' ist'oimd thert' ill laryc (|Uiiiititv, only waiting; u iMilway for <1 'vclopniiMit. At till' iniiiilli of til" llifk (';•,' '!< .Iiinction is fi fin;' liyilfaniic proiicrty owncil an:l opi'ratc 1 Ity Mcssi's. .Mn.v^ iV (Ji-ant, of N'icioriu. Tlu'rc art' scNci'al siiciM'ssfuliy woi-Kcd lurations at Kairsicw. Avlii'iv ('.\c;'ll:'nt (|uartz ins ic-n l)i'oii,!4;lit to tlii' suffacc and suHiriciit dcxcloiinicnl u ii'l< doni' to sliow tint it is in true tissiuts and drifts. It is un Ici'stoii 1 tlru at ( Jr.inilc Crci'k tlirrc ai'c |ilatinuni Ix'd.s c'ou.ilcrt'd tiic largest in tln' \vor;d. Oiinl i|narl/ is rcporlcd at \<'\vto:i in tlic atijuininn' district. All tliroiiyli and aroiiml tin' country and to tlic southward of <)kuiui,i;an Lake, there arc niinini;' locations of i;rcat [irimiisc. There is a distinct mineral licit of e\ idcnt richness, extendinn' from Similkamccn Uiver to the ('iiliiml)ia. emliracini;- snnic of the places alre.i'ly mcntiiinc:! anil .\mclia, .Maple Leaf, Kettle lii\-ei', Cam]* McKiniiey. ("i»])per Camp, nniiniliry Creek and su on. \'cry many of the claims are liey pnor men, unal)le to develop them them- .sehcs. l»ul waitin,!,' for capital ami railways to come alnni;'. .\ larijfe (plant ;ty (if ;^iilil ln> liecn taken out nf Siwasli Creek, not far fi'tmi N'ernon. and a rush nf mineis inok place last year with the result (if a numlicr (if important claims lieini; recorded. At Scoti'h Creek, near Sicamous, on ( >kan:tj;'.;n Lake, and on White Mails l.,ak('. locations haxc been made and assessaient work done. EXTENSIVE COAL BEDS. .\ecordiiiii' to |)i'. (!. .M. haw.son, Canada s t^avatest geologist and inineraloy^ist. e.xtensive coal lieils exist extending;' throughout the .southern jiortion of llritish Columliia. < )n .Mr. Coimell"!) ranch. Nichollsons raiu'h and at other points (in Kock Creek, coal of excellent (piality has recently been discoNcred, and an American eoiiipaiiy has ivcently taken it in hand. A correspondent on mininy in the Iiiliiinl Sintincl writes : " A vein of coal has been opened up '' near the mouth of Kiu-k Creek. 'I'he seam is some five or six feet '• in depth, and the »iuality of the coal excellent, giving Gl / of *' carbon. " Very considerable deposits of iron ore are found near Kaiuloops. — 33 — Till- I'lI'LD 1"()K INDISTKII'S. Pl''i|{ 1 1 A I'S iii(t.-il ilii|iiii,l;iiil III' Jill I lie i'iiii-lt|cr;i| i(iii>. i'«iiiii('r;c,| willi llii-; ciiiiiitrv i-. ilu' |(ci- ,il,l,. iiii|ii-,i li il i| ', i'Idjmici; nt uliicliii i> cijKiMi'. ( 'Mii>i'l('i'iii'^' ill" in;iii\' iiii I i'N!"ii,i\i' (listricis (if wli'h'!) i! iiiii-.i I'lfiii iiilly In' iln- Im^c oi' mi|i|i!\'. .■mi ! ili.- iliN't'isilicil cliMiMiMci' III' ii^iiitiiiMl I'CMiiii'rr ., il i^Jl |-'iiuii l;i^ :ii:i ii]miii wliicli In rear II iii'iyiiiHi't'iil imlii-l rial I'llnii'. DAIRYING. Alioiit S I "ill.noil wdi'i 1 1 lit' ilaii'V pMi !ii.M - wa> iiii "•;■;(• I ill !'ri' i li Cdliiiiiliia lasi \<'\K\\ ami iliai t'ari iiiiiiii' II ilrly sim'';'c,l . an in 'ii^'iv for w liicli < >kaiia'4Mii is |M';ailiai Is ii'laplc I i|aii'vi>;u'. 'I'll 'n- i^ im C'lul nt' ricli I ia>l lira '_;(•. aiiJ iln- rliMii. In' il; lit'iil at la i-|i!i';'.', |iiiri' mniiiitiiiii walcr ami iIh- ciili i\ at inn nt' M-ca -isc-; a:i I mn; , wiilmiii liniil ari' jiist tlir miiilil inn ■; ri''|iiin' I t'nr t||i' nrinnt' I'l iir • y\i v^\\\- th'iiscd inilk. rrcaniciy liiil Irr ami clu'i"-!' nl ilic snrs llr^l (piality. 1( lias nnl Im'cii ;.;nni' iiiln a^ \i'i t'nr ill.' •>anM' r<'a-.nn llrii lia^ l.^\\ pa^i' I'.' In rxrcjit inn;il yields and ijiiality nt' harlcy u'r<'^^■||. 'Hid llm prnludiilily nt' ni.ikiim' lUiih and pearl Itarley. iJrewiiin' and distilling' are cnrn larie-, nt this j)fn|)nsil inn. PORK PACKING AND MEAT CURING. Ycnioii as the railway eeiitre of the yreat iiiterinr nt' tin' PrnN - inee has one nt' the elements nt' a Chieayo in it. r'r:.. ;i vast [mrk- paekiiig, meat euriiij; and t'fesii beet' business. The annual kill nt" stock (»n the millinns of grazinj,' lands would build upslnek yards and meat factoi'ics wliic-h woulil nut aj)j)eai' iiK'ousideral)le in the gi-eat — 35 — o O C O y. c o o .so o o H K O O O westei'U metropolis itself. It must be remembered, too, that the line to Alaska thi'ough this valley, which is the only really feasiljje route to that country, will tap the Chilcotin Plains and the immenso graziiit; valhns that extend awiiy noi-thward, in('ludin,cd aduiir.d.ly in a stock country such as this, and especially could a -'ood l)usin(>ss be done in the divssini,' of skins. VINTAGE. Tl is not known to whit .'Nt.-nl -•I'apes for vinta-v will succeed, but the chances are very favoral)le to thcin bcin- hi.-hly profitable, (iraju'sof very lin.' (jualily iiave been -mwn and rich natural vine- y.M'dsarc pr-srntcd in the sunny southern slopes of th<- l)enches so characteristic of th(> interioi'. FLOURING MILLS. One most important industiy ha> already l)ecr, e.ual)li.h.'d and has reaped an un-iualilied Mi.'cess. the (*Mlnm!)ia Flourin- Mills Co. Arrangements aiv l)ein,-' made for another at Vernon of still -reat»>r ...ipacity. i'.e.ides tlu- home manufactured tlour consum.^d, .^<:?0t).000 w..iah of l.rea.l stulVs. almost wholly Hour, were imi.oi-t»"d last year fof use in the Province. Th.> .iticstion as to whether ilourin- mills .,•;// //^V/ under these circumstances n.-ed not be su--e.,led, and the same mi-ht also be >t tied in re-ard to an oatmeal mill. OTHER INDUSTRIES. C'arria-vand wa-on makin-and i>lacksinithin- will b,. a -ood business in th.' future, and hints tnay In- thrown out su-.-ested by the character of the I'ouniry as to numerous possible industries: wool .oowin- and w.M.Uen mills, llax and llax mills, su-ar beet fae- turv,'aerate.l water works, pulp udlls, tlsh curin- and importing, ,„mltry farmin-, manufacture of sor-luim (imw -rowin- t.. sonm pro- pt.rtions in the east), tobacco leaf, a rope walk, tmd others. — ;{9 — 72 ■4 — 40 — o yi 3 •J2 y, 3 o o ■4 HOP GROWING. Special emphasis should be placed on hop niowino', which is as capable of success here as in Washin^'tou T(«n'itory and Oregon., where a crop of from tive to eight million d(.llars in value is sold in a v«iii', Ending a market maiidy in Great Ih'itain. NURSERIES. Tn no part of Uritisli Columbia could a'nursery be undertaken with greater a.lvantage. It is peculiarly a gai'den and orchard district. SUGAR BEET. The sugar b.-ct gi'own in OkanMgan carries the highest known perceiWii-e of saccharine matter, and when a r for all ec.nomic ,urp..'s,'s and to spar.', out ..f which can be dcv.'h.ped an purp nd c.xtensive lumln'ring trade. There are s.-vral sawmills at woi^k a others are in contemplation. The .imher wo.mIs have been caicgoried acc,.r.ling to value, as follows : white pine, tir, yellow pme. tamarac, spruce, cedar, poplar, birch, cottonwoo.1. vine maple and w.llow There are sun.e valuable timber limits located ami the local deman.l for some years will be sutlicient to meet the supply of lumber, and a ot.mI market will always exist in the north-west. -41- Vl-RNOX. THE iK'UUliful ti.wnsitc nrV(TiH.M. uanifd nftcr llir llnn..nil)lo the CV.inmi.^sioiuT ..f i aiM^ ;uiit- in o-u' anvrtum, ,„1 ( )kana-a,. l.ak.. to tlu" i.-ul of wliirl, a l.-a;irl, of ,1h- Sin. wap an,! v.ka„a..an iiailxvav vmv.. li<'s ahoul ...,ually .lislanV in another lh,sr nvo iM.lir. of xvairr allonliuL; rx.v;l..nt fariliti... lor .nlan-l navi. aiion. plcasmv l.oalin- and ti.l.in-. N'rrnon. ind.'..;. m cvoi-y ,,.,,H.-i ......n,^. to ;,av,. Im.mi inl.Mulr.! l^v na:ur.. as ihr mu' ot a city ,^,,,1 ,l„, ,,,,,ii;;l .,f the Nvhol." nkana-ai. rouniiy. A. lia , aliva.ly 1,,,,, ,„,i„(,.! oui. M.^rn main wa-on load. lead in an-hait ot ,1. Two railroad- u in n.al;.'il its irnninu. -^i lu' Shu-^v a^ and < )kana-an I'aihvav now al oait ,.ani.l..t,.d. and, it,,. V-anon and ( )kana;^an. Still an'oiluT li;a- i , projcrlrdl to run from Nrl.on to Vrrnon. llnou-h roldstn.ain vaU-v. iiailway .a,^inrm-s rr^^ard thi> n-w my ot Knt- ish ColumlHa a. in lin. will, tlu- only fr:.>il.K' rouir ot il.r nrw .hurt linr oi ih.' l". i'- I!- '"'d ll.r pn^i.-rird railway lo Akr ka. It isM.siiuafith.t aU lines of railway and :dl road, leading into llu. Okaiia-an mu>t y:.— tliroii-li H. V.rnon has tliu. manv suhsidiary advanla-.'s. It lir. in the 1,,.,,, „f ,1... lar^.-.t and tinrst aiva of a..rirult nral lands u. the urovin.v. and ,.on,mand> thr way to and i- th. natural supply ;,.„Uvof i,s principal mining, districts, a. a Mudy of ihr map will n.nlirm. I^om tlu- purity of Uu- anuo.pluav aiul salul.nty ot tlu, ..limataand tlu- na, ural at trartiv-m-^s ..f tlu- r.uiinry :-urnu,ndinti it on all .idrsit will h.-rouu- .mu« of tln-mo.t popular of lu-althaiul tourist i.-so,ts. :.lanv have aln-ady k.-c-n attracu-d thiilu-r on tlu-so UL-counts. - 4;j — — 11 As a point for cn-a-in- in tlu> in.Uistn.-s -.•..vvu.- out of the iranv varicl rosourcvs of this .list ric-t an.l l.n.-ily o.tli.u.l .n p.vvK.us chapters, it ..ITers lUH-uliai- in.luecnu.nts. An-l ii. the nmjonty ut instances the n.ark.-t w.»uM not he merely lo.al hut woull exten.l t<. all parts <.^- the Trovinee an.l t<. the \.,)th-Nvest. A la,-e ll.mrn.j,' unll has been .leci.l.Ml upon with :!()•» harr.'ls eapacity a .lay, wh.l. a ,n.n,l.er of in.lustrie, sueh .s sash a,,.l .loor faet..ry, plann,,,^ an.l .awn.iUs, hri.-k an.l lin.e yanls, ar.> ahva.ly ..stahlished. A nuu.h. r <,f others are spok.M, ..f an.l h.-in- n.-otiat.>.l, inc^huhn- a nuit ,aMninu faet,.rv. pork paekin,,' ..stal.li- Inuent. an.l foun.lry an.l machine slu.ps." A hri.v'ht hn-al newspap.T, .I.-voLmI t.. the n,t.n-ests of th." .listrieV. th.. Vrr„u„ Xr>rs, was started in the Spring ..f the pr.'sent y.'ar. |„ iul.liti..n t,. Ih.> l.uil.lin-s pr.-vi.nisly in oeeupati.m, the U.eal .,,,v.«rnn,ent oTuvs l.eing lo.-at.Ml th.-r.-. n.'W ..nes are b.'ing erected on all si.l..s. The principal ..f thes.- is a tine large h.-fl, csting .^•»0(l(JU. an.l suit.Ml t.. all th.' re:,uirnnants ..f the nm-lern travelling nul.lie N.'w g.-n.'ral st.MVs a.v being open.nl an.l new busuu.sses ;„/„..^ start.Ml.' Charters hav.- h.'.-n ..htain.-.l foi' tramway ar..l tcl..i:i...ne lines, an.l alt.>ge,lu.r Vernon is .api.lly assuming the ,,i.,;Uv of a eitv with aspirations. V.M-y lih.Mal .n.lu.-..nuM.ts a,r ..lll-r.Ml t.. th..se .establishing i.uhistri.-s oV a substantial character. ,uul practi.-al m.M, with a little .....u.-y will tin.l .•apital t.. assist then, iu iinv un.lertaking having pr..sp.'.-ts ..f su.-ivss. While V.rn.m .loes n..t .-lain, to hav.- pn.sp.'cts of b.Mi.g the Man.-st citv.n the Pacilic cast/' it is certainly the in..st a.lvan- tageouslv siiuatHl, an.l has a g.vat.-r uumber .,f .>l...n.M,ts t.» en^iva .nowth ;n.l pr.>sperity than any t.uvn in the mteru.r .. l.ntish C..lu,nl>ia, an.K without any .l.>abt, will .lev.-h.p into a l.rgv an.l thriving city ..f many thousands ..f inhabitants. 45 — •4(i — AX r\i-.\ri.()ki-:i) rf.ciox. y. LAST fall a ■ iii'ly nt' ^]^|p^tslll('n made an iiii]H>i'taiit (iiNC(i\ci'y ill llic K •:Ji' liisi-r cuniitrv. wlirrcliy a \vy\ I'Mcii-ixr U'l'a/.iiin' ciuiiii ry liiiliciio iiiikniiwn w;;.^ (li^rju-^cil. Tlic story is tdjij liy one (if ihc pai'ly a> l''i]|ii\<.-.s : At'ltT l('a\iiiu' \'i'i'ii(iM wc ni'li' a!)n'|i |(i mile-, in an ( a >li'ily (lircclinii alMii'j- a ^'n;"! wa^dii I'ni I. 1 1 a\ iT-iiiv: a iiiaj^iiili.'cnl valley. Oil citlii'i' sii|(> wcri' lir'_i' li''|i|.-, of \\a\iuu' .Ui'ain. .-,|)iir of a liioiimaiii. liMl as a ru'r ridinn' adoim' a ]iark like lli; oi' ln'ir'li wlierc the o\('rliaii;;iii^' t r('i'> all'ordc I a w elciaiu' relief from ilie SejileiiilM-r sun and preserved tlie vehcty e,ii|iei of i;ra>.-. (hi leivinn' Harris (Veek we asi'eiidel w steep niouiilain for id)(aU fo;ir miles, followiii'j,' a lila/.i- wliii'li lli" keen eye of our Indian j^iiide eoiild alone deieei. The a ;-enl was \ery steep and led at times tliidiiLih heavy limlier.-in I aoiiiided. \\ lliiri-. ('reek wc left the willow <;rollse. .\fter aseendillU' simie