IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V.A 1.0 1.1 1.25 1^ IIIM 1^ 1.4 1.6 V] y] e^ y^ A^y ^j>>' /, ">> > c/^ M Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. )4380 (716) •7a-4S03 -^•V ,V M ..^ •1? \ \ V '^V 6^ ^:^ ^<-' '^ ^>% i? ^^ W 5^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductiona historiques ^*i:' Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS IN HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY, BY D DOUGLAS BOUTHWICK, High School Department of McOill College, Montreal. " Qui Conducit." MONTREAL: riUNT£D BY OWLER & STEVENSON, 41 3T. FRANCOIS XAVIER STREET, 4.' 4 'I HISTORICAL & GEOGBAPHICAL ANT0N0i¥A8IA. Antonomasia is the name applied to that form of expression when the title, office, dignity, profession, science or trade is put instead of the true name of the person or place. ABDALRAHMAN— Prince of the Faithful. ABRAHAM— Father of the Faithful. ABRAHAM, ISAAC and JACOB— The Patriarchs. ACCA i.AURENTIA— Lupa, the Prostitute ; hence arose the fable of Romu- lus and Reaius having been suckled by a (lupa) she wolf. ACHILLES— the bravest of the Greeks. ACTiEON — Antoneius Heros, frona his mother Antonoe daughter of Cadmus. ADEN— Gibraltar of the East ; Key of the Red Sea. ADEODATUS, Pope, A.D. 672— the gift of God. AEGEAE, in Ancient Greece — Goat's Town. AELIUS PAETUS— Catus, or the Cunning. AGRA — the Key of Hindostan, AJAX — Telamonus Heros ALARIO— the Scourge of God. ALBERT, Elector of Brandenburg, 1134— the Bear. ALFRED— the Great. ALEXANDER— the Great ; the Conqueror of the world. ALP ARSLAN, of Arabian History — the Valiant lion ; the most skilful archer of his cge. ALPHONSO II., of Portugal, 1212— Crassus, or the Fat. ALPHONSO v., do., 1438— the African. ALPHONSO II., of Spain, 791— the Chaste. ALPHONSO III., do., ALPHONSO IV., do., ALPHONSO VI., do., ALPHONSO VIII., do., ALPHONSO IX., do., ALPHONSO X., do., ALPHONSO, of Navarre, 866— the Great. 925— the Monk. 1072— the Valiant. 1126— Raymond. 1158— the Noble. 1252— the Wise. 1104 — the Warrior. ALPHONSO, King of Aragon, 1185— the Beneticeut. ALPHONSO, do,, 1H6— the Wise. ALPHONSO, do., 141«»— theJ^Iaguanimous. ! 17887 i'v. ANACREON— the Swan of Teos. ANASTASIUS— the Silentiary. ANGUS MA RTIUS— the Good. ANDRONICUS, of Grecian History— the Elder. ANDRONICUS, do. —the Younger. ANTIOCH— Queen of the East. ANTIOCHU& I. ot Syria— Soter, or Saviour, or Deliverer. ANTIOCHUS II. do, B.C. 261— Theos, or God. ANTIOCHUS III. do, do 217— ihe Great. ANTIOCHUS IV. doy do 175— Theos-Epiphanes, or the victorious or illustrious God, or Epiphanes. After destroying Jerusalem, the Jew* called hinn EpimaiieB, or Furious, and not Epiphanes. ANTIOCHUS V. ot Syria, B.C. 164— Eupator. ANTIOCHUS VI. ANTIOCHUS Vll. ANTIOCHUS VIII. ANTIOCHUS IX. ANTIOCHUS X. do, do, 143 — Entheus, or the Noble ; Theos. do, do, 130 — Sidetes, from the town Side. do, do, 120 — Gry pus, from his aquiline nose. do, do, 93 — Cyzenicus, from the city Cyzicus. do, do, 90 — Pius, ironically so called, because he married Selena, his father and uncle's wife. ANTIOCHUS XII., do, — Dionysius. ANTIOCHUS, the last Kinsj of Syria, B.C. 65— Asiaticus ANTONINUS — Pius, from nursing: Adrian, Emperor of Rome; the second Numa ; the father of his country. ANTONY, (Marc)— Cretensis, from his wars in Crete. AQUTLFIA — Secunda Roma, fr.im its gtandeur. ARCHIAS, of Grecian History— the Exile Hunter; Phogadotheras. ARCHIBALD, Earl of Angus, (Scotland)— Black Douglas. ARCHIBALD, do., —Bell the Cat. ARCHONS, 30, of Athens— the 30 Tyrants. ARIARATHES, King of Cappadocia— Philopator, from his piety. ARISTIDES— the Just. ARISTIPPUS— tbe Elder. ARISTIPPU3, Grandson of above— The Younger. ARISTODEMUS— The Coward. ARISTOMENES, General of Messenia- The Just. ARNOLD OF WINKELREID— The Codrus of Switzerland; of Battle Martyrs Chief. ARSACES, King of Persia— King of Kings. ' ARTAXERXES T., do — Macrochir and Longimanus; because one hand wa» longer than the other, and standing upright he could touch his knee. ARTAXERXES H., do— Mnemon, the R^'memberer. ARTAXKRXES III., do— Ochus or the Illegitimate. ATALANTA— The Nonacria Herois. ATHENS— Queen of the Sea. ATILIUS MARCUS, a Poet of Rome— Fcrreus, on account of his unintel- ligible language in his comedies. BABYLON— The Great; the Mother of Harlots; the abomination of the BAHRAM— Guibin or Dry Wood. BAJAZET — Kaissar of Roum, or the Caesar of the RomanB. BALTIMORE— The Monumental City. itorioua or , the Jews- leos. nose, ^yzicus. because he the second BAT AVIA— Queen of the East ; Queen of the Eastern Cycla«le«. BATTUS, a Lacedemonian— Felix. BAYARD — Le Chevalier, sans Peur et sans reproche. BEDINl (Cardinal,) 19th century— The Butcher of Boulogne. BELGRADE— The White City ; the Key of the Balk an Range. BENARES— City of Temples. BERANGER— The Burns of France. BERWICK— The English Hanse or Free Town. BIRMINGHAM— The Toy Shop of Europe. BLUCHER— Marshal Forwards. BODY GUARD OF EPAMINONDAS— Sacred Battalion. BODY GUARD OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE-The Old Guard. BODY GUARD OF XERXES— The Invincibles. BOLESLAS I, OF POLAND, A.D. 992— The Lion Hearted. BOLESLAS II, do 1058— The Intrepid. BOLESLAS III, do 1102— Wry Mouth. BOLESLAS IV, do 1146— Curled. BOLESLAS V, do 1227— Chaste. BOSTON— The Literary Emporium ; the Edinburgh of America. BOZARIS MARCO— The Epaminondas of Modem Greece. BRANDT— The Alchemist of Hamburg. BRIAN BORU— Brian the Great King of all Ireland. BRITISH COURT— The Court of St. James. BURNS, ROBT.— The Ayrshire Bard. BURREL, (Sir CM.,) Bart, of Shoreham, 1858— The Father of the House of Conimons. BUTLER, CAPT.— The Hero of Sil stria. of Battle e hand wa» is knee. his unintel- ation of the CACHAT, MICHAEL— Le Geant, from being the first guide who passed the Col-du-Geant — Alps. CiESAR; because one was born with a thick head of hair. CAIRO; The City of Victory; Daughter of the Fatimites; Bride of Sala- din ; The Tyre of Saracen commerce; City of 1001 lights. CAIUS— Caligula, so called from wearing the CaJiga, a military covering for the leg. ° CALCUTTA— The City of Palaces. CALIFORNIA— El Dorada of the West. CAMILLUS—Secundus Romulus; Pater Patriae. CAMPBELL OF LOCHOW— Black Duncan with the Cowl. CANUTE— The Great; The Dane. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE-Cape of Storms; The Lion of the Sea; The Head of Africa. CAPUA— Altera Roma; because it rivalled Rome. OARACALLA— The Savage Beast of Ausonia. OARRERA, (Rafael) of Guatimala— The Tiger of the Mountains. CASSIMIR I, of Poland, A.D. 1041— The Pacific. CASSIMIR 11, do 1177-TheJust. CASSIMIR III, do 1333— The Great. CASTRIOT, GEO., Prince of Albania, 1404 ; Scandeberg ; The Lord Alex- anucr. CATHERINE COMARO-Daughter of St. Mark. CATHOIRE MOR, Ireland A.D. 125- the Great. m CATO (M. Porcius)— Censorius or the Censor. CATO MARCUS— Uticensis, from his dea:h at tJtica. CEDWAL (Britain) — The Devil, from his inhuman cruelty. CEPHISSUS (river of Greece)— the Divine. CEYLON— the Cinnamon Isle. CHALMERS, DR— the Champion of the Free Church. CHARILAtJS— the People's Joy. CHARLES I of England— the Martyr King* CHARLES son of Pepin the Short — Martel, from the hammer which he tut- ried at his saddle bow. CHARLES 1 of France A.D. 840— the Bald. CHARLES n A.D. 884— the Fat; Le Gros. CHARLES HI A.D. 893— the Simple. CHARLES IV A.D. 1322— the Handsome. ^ • CHARLES V A.D. 1364— the Wise. CHARLES VI A.D. 1380— the Beloved. CHARLES VII A.D. 1422— the Victorious. CHARLES VIII A.D. 1483— the Affable. CHARLES II of Navarre, A.D. 1349— the Bad. CHARLES III of Navarre, A.D. 1387— the Noble. CHARLES Vin of Sweden, A.D. 1448— C^nuteson. CHARLES XII of Sweden, A.D. 1697— Modern Alexander, the Quixote; the Military Madman ; the Madmar. of the North. CHARLEMAGNE— CjEsar; Saint ; Emperor of the West. CORDAY (Charlotte)— the Heroine of the Reign of Terror. COSMO of Florence— Pater Patrice. CHEOPS and CEPHRENES— Tyrants of Egypt. CHILDEBERT III ; A.D. 695 ; King of France— the Just. CHILDRl^C or CHILDERIC HI of France, A.D. 742— the Simple; the St u- pid. CHILPERIO II of France, A.D. 716— Daniel. CHINA— the Celestial Empire. CHRICHTON, JAMES— the Admirable. CHRISTIAN n of Denmark, A.D. 1513— the Cruel ; the Nero of the North. CHRISTIAN HI of Denmark, A.D. 1034— Father of his people. CHRISTINA II of Sweden— the Star of the North. CICERO— Pater Patriae ; the Roman Orator. CINCINNATI— Porkopolis ; Queen of the West. CLEMENS, A.D. 206— Alexandiinus ; because living m Alexandria. CLODION— the Long Haired or the Hairy. CLOVIS of France, A.D. 481- the Great. CCEUR, Js (1456)— the Gresham of France. COLUMBUS— the Discoverer of the New World. CON CEADCHADHAH, Ireland A.D. 125— Hero of 100 battles. CONNECTICUT— Puritan Connecticut; Charter Oak State. CONSTABLE (The Edinburgh Publisher)— the Napoleon of the Realms of Print. CONSTANTINE, ROMAN EMPEROR— the Great. CONSTANTINE IV. do, — Po^ountus, because he allowed his beard to 2 rsw during his Sicilian Voyage. CONSTANTINE V. do, — Copronigmus, because he defiled his baptismal font. CONSTANTINE VII. do— Porphirogenitus, because born in a purple chamber -Chlo.'us, on acconntof the paleneai <;ONSTANTINE X. 'Jo,--Monomachus; the single Combatant. CONSTANTINE XI. do,— Ducas, on account of forgetting the duties of an Emperor and warrior and becoming a judge. CONSTANTINOPLE— Nova Roma; Ottoman Porte ; the City of Minerets Chrusoceras or the GoJden Horn. CONSTANT! US ROMAN EMPBROR- of his complexion. CONRAD JI. ot Saxony— the Salique. COOPER, F.— the Scott of America. CORINTH— Bimaris ; Eye of Greece. CORTEZ FERNANDO— the Conqueror of Mexico. CGWPER, WM.— the Bard of Truth and Feeling. CRITIAS— the Handsome Critias. CROMWELL— the Protector. CRONSTADT— the Gibraltar of the North. CROW, the— Type of Types. CYAXARES II.— Darius the Mede. CYRUS— the Elder. CYRUS-the Younger. CZAR NICHOLAS— the Colossus of the North. DAMASCUS-the Eye of the East. DARIUS IL OF PERSIA— Ochus and Nothus, on account of his illegitimacy, DARIUS III. do— Codomanus, for his Valour. DAVID— the Psalmist ot Israel ; the Man after God's own heart. DEER, THE— the Monarch of the forett. DELHI— City of Mosques; The City of the great Mogul DELPHI— Umbilicus ; Centre of Greece ; The Centre or Navel of the whole world. DEMETRIUS, Son of Antigonas and Stratonice— Poliorcetes ; The Van- quisher or Destroyer of Cities. DEMETRIUS I, Son of Seleucas Philopater; Soter or the Deliverer. DEMETRIUS II, of Syria— Nicanor or Nicator— Conqueror. DEMETRIUS III. do Eucerus. DEMOSTHKNES— The Friend and Flatterer of the People; the Athenian Orator. DENIS, King of Portugal— Dionysius or Father of his Country. DIONYSIUS I, of Syracuse— The Elder. DIONYSIUS II, do The Younger. DISABUL, of Asia— Sovereign of the Seven Climates of the Earth. DOMITIAN— God and Lord. DONNA CON A, Indian Chief of Canada— The Lord of Canada. DON CARLOS, A.D. 1461— The Holy Martyr. DOUGALL, (Ciar Mhor)— The Great Mouse Coloured Man. DOUGLAS, Earl of Angus— The Good. DOVER, HASTINGS, HYTHE, ROMILY and SANDWICH, of England — The Cinque Ports. DUKE OF BURGUNDY, (John,)— Sans Peur. DUKE OF SOMERSET, (Geo. Ill )-The Proud Duke. iiUKE OF WELLINGTON-Iron Duke; Hero of 100 Fights; The Hero of Waterloo. 6 EAGLE, The— The King of Birds. EARL OF PExMBROKE— Strong Bovlr. EARL OF WARWICK, (Rich. Neville,)— The King Maker. EDGAR, of England — The Peaceable ; not fronq his want of character, but from his injunction " In peace prepare for war." EDINBURGH— Modern Athens. EDMUND— Ironside or the Hardy. EDWARD A.D. 901, of England— the Elder. EDWARD 974, do— the Martyr. EDWARD 1041, do— the Confessor. EDWARD r. 1272, do— Longahanks. The Justinian of England. EDWARD II. 1307, do— Caernarvon ; the first Prince of Wales. EDWARD, Grandfather of Henry IV— the Lame. EDWARD, son of Edward III— the Black Prince, on account of his armour; that young Mars ol Men. EDWARD, GEO.— Father of Ornithology. EG BERT— King of all England. EGYPT— the Granary of Rome. ELDEST SON of the Queen of England— Prince of Wales. ELDEST SON of the King of France— the Dauphin. ELIJAH— the Tishbite ; the Man of God. ELIS — the Holy Land of Greece. ELISA — Did* or the Valiant Woman; on account of destroying herself on a funeral pyre. EMPEROR OF RUSSIA— Caesar contracted Czar; the Patriarch of the Greek Church, a title which he inherits from Peter the Great. EMMANUEL, King of Portugal, A.D. 1495— the Fortunate. ENGLAND— the fast anchored Isle. ENNIUS— the Father of Roman Poetry or Song, and the Homer of Latinm. EPHIALTES— the Greek traitor. ERIC II. of Denmark, A.D. 854— the Child. ERIC IIL do, 1095— the Good. ERIC IV. do, 1135— the Harefoot. ERIC V. do, 1137— the Lamb. ERIC XII. of Sweden, A.D. 1223— Le Begue, or the Stammerer. ETH or ETHUS, King of Scotland, A.D. 874— Lightfoot. ETHELRED, of England— the Unready. EURIPEDES, Poet of Greece— Woman hater. EUSEBIUS, A.D. 335— Father of Ecclesiastical History. BUTROPIUS— Clarissimus. EVANDER— the Nonacrius Heros. FABIUS RULLIANUS— Maximus; for lessening the power of the plebs at public elections. FABIUS II. Maximus— Cunctator or Delayer ; the Shield or Buckler of Rome. FABIUS, a Roman Consul— Ambustus, because he was struck with lightning. FACTION, organized by the Duke of Burgundy, A.D. 1411 ;— the Butchers or Cabochins. FATHER OF LOUIS PHILIPPE :-the Infamous Duke of Orleans ; Egalile (KquaHty). FENELON— the Ornament of his Country. FERCHARD 11. of Scotland, A.D. 646— lh» most execrable of Kings. FERDINAND, King or Castile, A.D. t035— the Great. FERDIiNAND III. do, A.D. 1217— the Saint : the Holy. FERDINAND V. do, 1474— the Catholic. FERDINAND VI. ot Spain, A.D. 1745— the Wise. FERGUS, King of Treland, A.D. 212— Black teeth. FJTZ WALTER, ROBT., (King John of England,)-Marescha! of the Army of God and of the Holy Church. FOLLOWERS OF WICKLIFFE— Lollards. FONESCA ISLES, in the Bay of (Mexico)— the Enchanted Islea. FRANKFORT, BREMEN, LUBEC, & HAMBURG— the Hanse Towns. FRANKS— the Free Men. FREDERICK, of \ustria, A.D. 1440 -the Pacific. FREDERICK WILLIAM, Duke of Prussia, A.D. 1640— the Great Elector. FREDERICK IH. A.D. 1740-the Great. FRUELA, of Christian Spain— the Chaste. GALLIA BRACC AT A— Breeched GauL GALLIA CISALPINA— the Flower of Italy; the support of the Empire; the Ornament of its dignity. GALLIA COMATA— Long Haired Gaul. GALLIA TOGAT A— Cloaked Gaul. GARCIAS II, King of Navarre, A.D. 994— The Trembler. GENEVA— Protestant Rome ; City of Watches. GIBRALTAR— Key of the Mediterranean; The Babel of Nation«. GLENDOWER, OWEN— The Wallace of Wales. GLOUCESTER and WORCESTER, SHIRES— The Cider Counties. GODFREY OF BOUILLON— Baron of the Holy Sepulchre. GODOY OF SPAIN— Prince of Peace. GOLDSMITH, OLIVER -The Bard of Auburn. GONSALVO DE CORDOVA— The Great Captain. GORMO, of Denmark, A.D. 883— The Old. GRAHAM, of Claverhouse — Bonny Dundee. GREGOR McGREGOR,, (Js. Graham, of Glengyle)— Black knee ; (Ghlune Dhue,) from a black spoo seen below the kilt on his knee. GREGORY, Pope— The Great. GREGORY, King of Scotland, A.D. 876- -The Great. GREGORY VII, Pope—Hildebrand. GREGORY XHI, Pope— Tiie greatest Civilian and Canonist of his time. GREGORY, of Nyssa— Pater Patrum. GRESHAM, Sir Thos., (Queen Elizabeth's time)— The Learned Merchant. GRIGG, (Philadelphia Publisher,)— The American Napoleon of the Realms of Print. GRIMUS, King of Scotland, A.D. 995— The Grim. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, of Sweden, A.D. 1611— The Great GUZMAN EL BUENO— The Good. HAMILTON, C.W.— The Ambitious Little City. HANNIBAL— The Conqueior of Italy. HAROLD, of Denmark— Harold the Dauntless. HAROLD II, A.D. 935— Blue-tooth. H.ARt>LD n, 1077— The Simple. i s HAROUN, (Arabran), IL RASHAD— The Just. HAYNE, (South Carolina Senator) — Champion of State Rights. HEFHAESTION— The Friend of Alexander the Great. HEGESISTRATES, of Greece— The Army Leader. HELENA, Mother of Constaniine the Great — The Mother of the Holy Land. HELiOGA BALUS— The Glutton. HENRY OF BAVARIA, A.D. 1L")6— The Lion. HENRY I, of England— Beauclerk or Goodscholar. HENRY n— Plantagenet. HENRY PERCY— Hotspur ; The Valiant Percy. HENRY VIH- Defender of the Faith. HENRY IV, of France— The Great; The Protestant King. HENRY I, of Bavaria— Le Jeune. HENflY H, of Castile, A.D. 1368— The Gracious. HENRY HI, do 1390— The Sickly. HENRY IV, do 1154— The Impotent. HEROD I— The Great. HEROD II— Antipas; The Fox. HESIOD— The earliest of tne Poets. HILARY OF POITIERS— The Champion of Athanasius in Gaul. HIPPIAS and HIPPARCHUS-The Pesistratidae. HOMER— The Blind Bard ; The Blind Man of Scios Rocky Isle ; The Princ* of Poets. HORATIUS— Codes, or the one-eyed. HOWARD, JOHN— The Good. HUGH, French King, A.D. 987— Capet from his hat. HUGH, (Count John, of France,)— The Great; The Good. HULL— City of Baltic Trade. HAMADES, JOHN, Governor of Hungary, A.D. 1450— The White Knight ; Jancus Lain, the Wicked, and Corvinus from the place of his nativity. INGO, of Sweden, A.D. 1090— The Good. INVERNESS— Queen ot the Highlands IRELAND— Emerald Isle; Gem of the Sea ; The Isle of Saints, Sister Isle ; Land ot the Shamrock. ISLE OF MONTREAL— The Garden of Canada. ITALY — Mistress ot the Seas ; Empress ot the World ; Garden of Europe. IZTACCIHUATL, in Mexico— The White Wile. JACKAL— The Lion's Provider. JAMES I, of England, and II of Scotlami— The wisest fool of Europe; Th« scorn of his age ; 2nd Solomon; The Muckle wise man. JAMES II, do —James VII of Scotland. JAMES, (Apostle)— The Greater. JAMES do The Less. JASON OF PHERAE— The Tagos of Thessaly. JEROBOAM— He who made Israel to sin. JERUSALEM— Holy City ; City of David. JOAN OF ARC, (right nam* Dare)— Maid of Orleans. JOR-Upright Philosopher of the land of H/. ; The most patient of men. JOHN and JAMES— Bonnergps, Sons of Thunder. JO} JOI 30i JOF JOI: JOF JOt JOt JOt JOt JOh JOt JOt JOt JOK JOt JUI JUL JUL JUS JUS' JUS' JUG KA1 KIN KIN KIN KIN KIN KIN KIN KIO KIR KISI KNC LAC LAIJ LAE LAD LAD LAE LAS' LEU loly Land. rhe Pnnc» e Knight ; nativity. ster Isle ; [Europe. cpe; Tb« men. 9 JOHN — The Divine ; Diseiple whom Jesus loved. JOHN— The Baptist. JOHN— Last disciple of Ammonius; Philoponus, from his laborious studies in Grammar and Philosophy. JOHN, of England— Sans Terre ; Lackland ; The Pusillanimous King. JOHN, the Greek Patriarch, in the days of Gregory the Great; The Faster ; The Oecumenical Bishop. JOHN J, Greek Emperor, A.D. 969— Zemisces, from being a very short man. JOHN U, do 1 1 18— Comnenus and Calo, Johannes iron- ically called John the Handsome. JOHN HI, do (Nice)— Vataces. JOHN, (1259)— Lascaris. JOHN, Greek Emperor, A.D 1341— Paloeo'ogus, from knowing ancient things. JOHN or MANSAR— Damascenus, last of the lireek Fathers. JOHN HL of Brandenburg; A.D. 1476— the Cicero of Germany. JOHN, nephew of ViiaJiau, A.D. 538— the Sanguinarj JOHN do, A.D. 1347— Catacuzenus. JOHN IL of Fiance, A.D. 1350— the Good. JOHN HL of Poland— Sobiesbe ; the Warrior. JUDAS (Judzea)- the Gaulonite. JUDITH— the Charlotte Corday of Israel. JULIAN (Roman Emp«ror)— the Apostate. JUSTIN do— the Elder. JUSTIN do— the Younger. JUSTINIAN— Nobilissimus. JUGGERNAUT (India)— Lord of'tht World. KATE KEARNEY, of Irish Song— Queen of Grief; fiom lamenting her lover and drowning herself in Lough Lean. KING OR QUEEN OF ENGLAND— Fountain of Mercy. KING OF FRANCE-Most Chrutian King, lirst bestiwed by th« Pops on Louis XL ' *^ KING OF SPAIN— -his most Cath»lic Majesty. KINGS OF EGYPT— Hyksos or Shepherd Kings. KINGS OF PERU— Incas, children of the Sun. KINGS OF POLAND— Piast from Piattus a great Polish Kin*. KINGS OF SYRIA— Seleucidae, KI(>W OK KIEF— the Mother of Russian Cities. KlRKb (Col) soldiers-Kiik'j Lambs. KISHON — the ancient river, that river oi old. KNOX JOHN— the Scottish Re/brmer. LAC I'ANTIUS— the Christian Cicero. LADISLAS L of Hingav A.D. 1077— the Pious. LADISLAS L King of Poland, A.D. 1081— the Careless. LADISLAS IV. do, do, 129«>— the Short. LADISLAS VIL do, do, 1632— Van. LAELIUS CAIUS— Sapiens or the Wis«. LAST 10 KINGS OF THE MKUOVflsrGTAlM r mr ,v x «., . Kuiffs. ' v—vc^-ciuggard LEUTULUS P. COR— S«r« ; from hnving wasted a large sum of public money, during his questorship under Sylla, and when call«d to account 10 M in the Senate by him, with the utmost indifference declared he had no accounts to show and insolently showed iiim the Calf, (Sura) of his iejr which at a certain game the Roman youth presented lo each other to receive the legal strokes. LEO, Greek Emperor — the iconoclast ; Destroyer of Images. LEO, Pope A.D. 448— the Great. LESKO, of Poland V. A.D. 1194— the White. LESKO VI. do, do, 1279— the Black. I ICINIUS, C. — Stolo or the Useless Sprout, on account of the law which he enacted during his tribuiieship. LODOVICO OF AlILAN— the xMoor. LONDON— the Mart of the World; Modern I3abyIon. LOPE DE VAGA (Spain)— the dfreatest poet of his Era. LORENZO OF FLORENCE— the Magnificent; Father of the Muses. LOUIS I. of France, A.D. 814— La Debonnaire. LOUIS II. d , do, 877— the Stammerer. LOUIS IV. do, do, 936— d'Outremer or Transmarine, from his mother taking him to England. LOUIS V. do, do, 986— the Indolent ; the Slathful. do, 1108— LeGros; the Lusty; the Fat. do, 1137 — the Young. do, 1 223 — CcEur de Lion ; the Brave. do, 1226— St. Louis ; the Saint. do, 1314— Hutin an old French word— head strong. do, 1610 — the Just; Father of his People. do, 1643— the Great, the Augustus of France; and Dieu- do, do, LOUIS VL LOUIS VII. ..., LOUIS VIII. do, LOUIS IX. do, LOUIS X. do, LOUIS Xlll.do, LOUIS XlV.do, donn6. LOUIS XV. do, LOUIS XVIL. do, 1715— the Well Beloved; but which name he lost, do, 1814 — Compte de Prorence. LOUIS PHILIPPE, do, 1830— Chas. Smith; the citiaen Kmg ; King of the Barricades ; the Napoleon of Peace. LOUIS NAPOLEON— the Eldest son of the Church; the Saviour of So- ciety ; Modern Augustus ; the Messiah of Order ; the Master ipirit of the age. LOUIS, Duke of Bavaria, A.D. 1253— the Severe. LUKE— the Beloved Physician. LUTHER— the Day star of Truth. LYCURGUS— the Law giver of Sparta. MACANALEISTER OF ROB ROY'S BAND- Little John of Scotland. MACEDONIANS— Aegeodae or the Goat's People. MACHADH, MONGRUADH, Queen of Ireland, B.C., 478— The Red Haired Princess. MAGNUS, of Norway, A.D. 1042— The Good. JMANLIUS— Torquatus, from stripping the armour off a gigantic Gaul whom he had slain. MANUEL, Greek Emperor, A.D. 1149— The Invincible; The Alexander, the Hercules of his age. MARAT— The most blood-thirsty wretch that ever wore the human form. MARCELLU?— The Sword of Rome. MARCUS ATTiLlUS — Terreus, on account of his uninteiligibie language. MAKCIUS CAIUS— Cariolanus from taking the lown of Corioli. MARGARET, Queen of Scotland, A.D. 1285-Maiden of Norway. i he had no ) of his le sion. MICHAEL Vn, 1071 — Parapiiiaces, from the reproach which he shared with, an avaricious favourite who enhanced the price but lessened the measure of wheat. MICHAEL VIII, A.D. 1260— Palaeologus. MIDDLETON, JOHN, a Giant, A.D. 1590-The Child of Hale. MIECESLAS 111, King oi Poland, A.D. 1173-TheOld. MILAN— Novae Athena. MILTON— Lady of Christ's Church College. MINESOT A— Garden of the West. MITHRADATES VII, of "ontus— Eupator; The Great. MOHAMMED— The Apostle of God. MONMOUTH, Duke of— DarUng of the English people. MONTREAL— Commercial Emporium ot Canada. MORAVIANS— The Brotherhood, MORGARTEN— The Marathon ot Switzerland. MOSCOW— Mother Moscow, City of a thousand lighU. MO'^ES— The meekest man; the Jewisi lawgiver. MUMMIUS, L— Achaicus, fic n his many victorie». MURA T— Le Beau Sabreur. MIJTIUS— Scaevola or the left-hnnded. 12 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE— Le Petit Corporal ; that man ol bloorl ; hero of 1«0 fights. NATfOXS tothe north of Italy, (middle ages)— the Womb of Nations. NAUPACTUS. in Greece— the ship building' Town. NEBUCHADNEZZAR— Hammar of the whole earth. NEW HAVEN— the City of Elms. NEW ORLEANS— the Crescent City. NEWTON — the greatest philosopher of his age. NEW YORK— Empiie City, the comme-cial Emporium. NEALL, King of Ireland, A.D. 375 — of the nint hostages. NICOLAS, Pope A.D. 858— the Great. NICOLAS, Czar of Russia— the Colossus of the North. NICOMEDES II. of Bythyi.ia—Philopater, ironically so called. NICOTELEIA— Victory Completer. NIMROD— the mighty Hunter. NOVOGOROD, in Russia— the Great. h OAXACA VALLEY (Mexico)— Garden of Mexico. O'CONNELL, DANIEL— the Champion of Liberty; th« Liberator. ODLAMH FODHLA, (B. C. 934) Ireland— the wisest and most virtuous Prince that ever mounted tiae Irish throne. ODOACER— the Goth. OLIVER, of Denmark— Burnakal ; Preserver of CkilJren, from his forbidding his soldiers tossing children on their spears. ONIGNATHOS, in Greeee— the Ass's Jaw. ORIGEN A.D. 250 — Adamatus, from hii assiduity in learning. OSSIFRAGE— the scavenger of Egypt. OTHO H. of Bavaria, A.D. 1253— the Illustri»H9. OTHO I. Germany— the Gre«t. OTHO 11.- the Bloody. OTHO v.— Le Faineant. OUTRAM, SIR JAMES— the Bayard of the Indian army; sans peur «t sans reproche. PAPIRUS — Praetex tatu?, from an action of his whilst wearing the toga prae- texta. PARIS— Centre of Fashion ; Metropolis of the Civilizsd World. PARIS, son of Priam, Kini,' of Troy — Alexander oi Defender. PARRHASHJS the Ephesian— King of Painterfl. PAUL— the Apostle of the Genlilos; the ag«d. PAULUS if-^MYLIUS — Macedomcus from conquerins Macedorfi*. PEDRO, OR PETER, of Spain, A.D. 1359— the Cruel. PEDRO OF ARRAGON— Peter of Navarrt. Pt.PIN, of France— the Short ; Major Domus. PETER, (Monk)— the Hermit. PETER, of Russia— the (iroat. PETER, of Portiiffnl, A.D. 1357— tho Severfl. PETER, (Simon) — the Rock : greatest of the Apostles. PERTHSHI RE— garden of Scotland. PHILADELPHIA— City M Quakers; City of Brotherly Uv«. PHILIP, the Greek Emperor— the Arabian or Arabtis. ...Jk. iloorJ; hero ions. )r. st virtuous I forbidding M peur «t toga prae- "^ 13 PHILIP I. of Fiance, A.D. 1060— the Fair; I'Amouroux. PHILIP II. PHILIP in. PHILIP IV. PHILIP V. PHILIP VI. PHILOPCEMEN- do, 1180 — Augustus, do, 1270— the Hardy, do, 1285— the Fair, do, 1316— the Long ; the young, do, 1328~Fortunate. -Last of the Greeks. PHOCION, the Athenian— the Good. PHYRRUS, King of Epirus— called Phyrrus from the redness o/ his hair Neoptolemus orthe New Warrior. PIZARRO— the Conqueror of Peru. PLINY— the Elder. PLINY— the Younger. POMPRY CREUS— Strabo, because he squinted. POMPEY T.— Atiicus from speaking Greek fluently. PONTIFF OF ROME— Servant of the Servants of God ; the Vicar of Christ. POPOCATEPETL, in Mexico— Mountain of Smoke. PORTOBELLO, (South America)— The grave of Europeans. PRUSIAS, King of Bithynia, B.C. 149- Venater, PTOLEMY I, of Egypt— Lagus; Sjter or Deliverer, according to Daniel, King of the North. PTOLEMY II, do Philadelphus by antiphrasis, because he slew two of his biottiers. PTOLEMY III, do Euergetes or the Benefactor. PTOLEMY IV, do Philopator, ironically so called because he poisoned his father; Tiphon for his debaucheries; Gallus because he appeared in the streets of PTOLEMY V, PTOLEMY VI, PTOLEMY Vil, pvil doer. PTOLEMY VIU, PTOLEMY IX, Alexandria like a bacchanal, do Ephiphanes, the illustrious, do Philometor, from hating his mother, do Physcon, from his big belly; also Kakerg-etes or the do Lathyrus, from a wart on his nose, also Soter. do Auletes, from playing skiU'uiiy on the Flute. PUBLIUS OF ROME— Pu^licola or the People's Friend. PYTHOGORAS, Sophist then Philosopher. QUEEN, The— Fountain of Mercy. QUEEN ANNE, of England— Good Queen Anne. QTJtEN CLEOPATRA— Last of the Ptolemies. QUEEN ELIZABETH, of England- Occidental Star; Good Queen Bess. QUINTIUS LUCIUS— Cincinnatus or Curly Headed; Serranus, because he was sowing his fields when elected dictator. QUINTUS SERVILIUS PUB— Isauricus from conquering Isauria. QUINTIUS C^:CILIUS METELLUS— Numidicus. QUINTIUS LUCIUS-Mamlonicus. QUINTIUS LUCIUS METELLUS— Creticns. QUINTIUS LUCIUS CACCILIUS— Dalmaticus. RALEIGH CIVY, (N. C.)-The City of Oaks. RAMSAY, of Scotland— The Chevalier Ramsay. RAI'Il AEL-The Prince of Painters. H R [CHARD 1— CcEur de Lion ; The Dauntless. RICHARD n— The English Heliogabalus. RICHARD III— Crook Back; Crooked Back Tyrant; The English Nera, RICHELIEU— The haughty Richelieu. ROBERT DE KEITH— Marisrhal of Scotland. ROBERT FITZWALTER, (England)— Marischal of the Armiet of God and of the Holy Church. ROBERT, Duke of Normandy— The Devil. ROBERT, Grandson of do — Curthose. ROBER r, of Naples— The Good. ROBERT II, of Franca— The Sage. ROBERT II, of Scotland— The Bruce of Bannockburn. ROB ROY— The Robin Hood of Scotland. RODERICK, of Spain— Last of the Goths. RODRIGRO DIAZ DE VIVAR—Campeador or Battler ; C id or Chief. ROMULUS— The Founder of Rooie. ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS— So called in derision, last Emperor of the West. RULERS OF VENICE— The Doges. SAMSON— The Strongest Man. SAMUEL— Last of the Judges. SANCHO III, of Navarre, / D. 1000— The Great. SANCHO VI, do 1150— The Wise. SANCHO VII, do 1194— The Infirm. SANCHO II, of Castile, A.D. 1065— The Strong. SANCHO III, do 1157— The Beloved. SANCHO IV, do 1284— The Great ; The Brave. SAPOR — Doulacnaf or Protector of the Nation. SARPI THE HISTORIAN— Father Paul. SCALIGER, JOSEPH, of Italy— The Colossus of Literature. SCOTLAND— Land of the Thistle. SCOTT, Sir Walter— The Great Unknown ; Lion of the North. SELEUCUS f, of Syria — Nicator or Victorious, according to the Prophet Daniel ; King of the North. SELEUCUS II, do Callinicua, from his very unfortunate reign; Pagon, from his long beard. SELEUCUS III, do Ceraunus, ironically, the Thunderer. SELEUCUS IV, do Philopator, or according to Josephus, Soter, the Deli- verer. SELEUCUS, a Prince of Syria — Cybiosactes or Scullion, from his meanness and avarice. SELIM— The Conqueror of the World. SESOSTRIS— So; King of Kings. SHAKESPEARE— Bard of Avon; Poet of Nature; Fancy's Child; Honey Tongued Shake.«peare. SI DON— The Daughter of Tyre. SIERRA LEONE— The White Man's Grave. SIGISMOND I, of Poland, A.D. 1506— The Great. SIGISMOND n. I 1 K JO * •-- - SIMON — Stylites from staying 30 years on the top of a pillar. SlMONlDkS— The Divine. SISYPHUS, of Corinth— Most crafty of men. "'\^ ;Iish Nero> et of God and ,i 15 SMERDIS— The Magian ; The Usurper. SOCRATES' — The most celebrated Philosopher of Antiquity. SOLOMON— The Wisest Man. SOLON— The Athenian Lawgiver. ST. CYPRIAN— Brightest Ornament of the African Church. STEPHEN— The Isl Martyr. ST. FRANCISCO— The Golden Gate. STOCKHOLM— The Venice of the North. STUART, Sir John— Hero of the Plains ol Maida. SYLLA COR— Fehx or the Fortunate. )r Chief. : of the West. TELL, WM.— Thj Wallace of Switzerland. THEBES, in Greece— Heptapylos from its 7 Gates. THEBES, in Egypt — Diospolis, or City of Jupiter; Hecatompylos from its 100 Gates. THOMAS A. BECKET— St. Thonnas of Canterbury. THEODOSIUS, Greek Emperor— The Great ; Augustus, The Invincible. THEOPHILUS, (Gieek History)— The Unfortunate. THERMOPYLAE— The Key of Greece. THIBET— the Switzerland of Asia. TIBERIAS III. Greek Emperor— Aspimar. TIMES, Newspaper of London— the Thuaderer. TIMON, of Athens— Misanthrope. TITUS— the Delight of Mankind. TURBOT, the— The pheasant of the waters. TURLOUGH II. (O'Connor) A.D. U30 (Ireland)— the Great. TYRE— the sister of Sielon. the Prophet eign; Pagon, ter, the Deli- lis meanness ■h'M ; Honey UGATNE MOR, (Iieland) B. C. 451— the Great. ULPHILAS— the Apostle of the Goths. VALDIMIR I. Duke, of Kiov (Russia)— the Great. VALDIMIR II. do— the Victorious. VALERIAN, the Roman Emperor — Sapor's Foot stool, from allowing thai king to place one foot on his back whilst mounting his horse. VANDALS— the Wanderers. VANCOUVERS ISLE— Gibraltar of the Fuca Straits. VENICE— Queen of the Adriatic ; Swan of the Ditto. VIRGIL— Prince of the Latin Poets. VISCOUNT, St. Vincent (1858)— Father of the House of Peers. VOLKOF, of the Russian Theatre— the Garnck of Russia. VORTIGERN— Pendragon or Head King. WALDEMAR, King of Denmark— the Great. WALDEMAR do, do— the Victor. WALL AGE, WM=— the Hero of Scotland. WALTER— the Penniless. WAT— the Tiler or Tyler. r O0iUddITIffB dililTIBATtfBi 16 WASHINGTON, GEO.— Father of his country ; Father of the People ; Sa^e of Mount Vernon. WASHINGTON CITY— City of Magnificent Distances. WEBSTER. (Mass)— Defender of the Coustitution. WICKLIFFE— Morni'-g Star of the Reformation. WILLIAM I, of England— The Conqueror; The Bastard. WILLIAM II, do — Rufus. WILLIAM III, do —Prince of Orange. WILLIAM, King of Scotland— The Lion. WOLSEY— The Boy Bachelor; graduated at 14 years. WREN, (Christopher Sir)— The Greatest Architect of his day. XENOPHON— The Attic Muse. ZENGIS KHAN— The Most Great. ZENOBIA— Queen of the East ; Star of the East. ZEKO, Greek Emperor, A.D. 474— The Isaurian. i FINIS. f^