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CHARLES TUPPER PROVINCIAL SECRETARY, &c. 1 TO THE PEOPLE OF NOYA SCOTIA: My Felloav Countrymen, — Having been called, under the free institutions whicli \\c enjoy, to take a leading part in the administration of the public affairs of my native Province, and charged by the Legislature, as I and my co-delegates now here have been, to promote the Union of British America, I think it my duty to draw your attention to a veiy extraordinary proposal which the Hon. JosEru IIowE has recently published, and in which all classes of the inhabitants of Nova Scotia are vitally interested. You are aware that Mr. Howe, not long since, claiming to represent the views of a majority of the people of that Province, published a pamphlet embodying all the objections which he could pi'csent in opposition to the proposed Union between Canada and the Maritime Provinces. To that pamphlet I replied at length, and discussed fully every argument which had been offered in opposition to a Union of the Colonies, and until Mr. Howe ventures a reply to which he is not ashamed to attach his own signature, no further observations seem called for on that subject. The effect of Mr. Howe's first pamphlet upon the inteUigent public mind of this country may be gathered from the following extracts from one of the most independent and able journals in Great Bi-itain. The Saturday Review says : — "It would not be easy fully to appreciate the benefits which Confedrralion pro- vides to the Maritime Provinces, without tirst hearing the feeble views which are still urged by the discomfited Minority. * * * Mr. Howe's arguments, however, are about as conclusive in favor of the scheme which he denounces, as anything which possibly could be urged by its supporters. * * * Mr. Howe's pamphlet ia valuable as shewing on how weak a basis of Provincial prejudice an*^ political cowardice the opposition to this large scheme of Union has been built." Finding that the Government and Parliament, in common with the presa and people of Great Britain, regarded the proposed Union of British North America as not only calculated to promote the best interests and progress of those Colonies, but also to secure and perpetuate their connection with the British Crown, and that the " feeble" objections which he had urged to that policy were considered as " conclusive in favor of the scheme which he " denounced," Mr. Howe addressed himself to the still more dilScult task of propounding a counter i)lan for the organization of the Empire. It is a curious commentary upon the representative institutions of which Mr. Howe has professed to be the advocate, that at a time when delegates from Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, appointed by their Governments with the authority of large majorities of the Legislatures of those Provinces, are assembling in London to arrange with Her Majesty's Government the terms of a measure to be submitted to the Imperial Parliament, by which they may be united under one Grovernment, Mr. Howii modestly asks the British Cabinet to ignore the action of the Governments and constitutional ■■'^ i'eprcsentatiVes of Pmv * ^^^r ^'"'gl'tto believe ZmT'°" "^ *'^« ^^anfime P,-,,.- .. i* i« '-apparent that hn. .... „... . "*' ^'"^ ^'^^^ zation and "atone con- •*"" we may o.. w«ii VV "'' •temper of tho V^r v,r'" ^ sources of tlifl r,=,M " *^'*^" survey wirr ,t1 "^"'^.Public we ."i--.. be ,„„,„.„.. « of ta country. H„ ^«W«*Sto^ ? J wJiich 10 Jiave Jn our tJj some *'io ex. le snys i ^ tion, and relative importance. The advantages gained by this mode of selectionj aHSumiuK the principle of any sort of representation to be sanctioned, are variouH,' • » • " We are secure of men truly 1 3pre8enting the majority in each Colony* because they would 8i)eak in the name, and bring with them the «iuthority ol'the Cabinets and co .tituencies they represented. We have no trouble about changing them, as they would sit till their successors, duly accredited, annnounced the fact of a change of administration." *«•***• " We are secure by this mode of obtaining the best men, because only the best men can win their way into these Colonial Cabinets, of whom the Hower would be selected by tiieir colleagues to represent the intellect and character of each Province on the floor of Tarliament." (rage 24) ;—" Having made this step in advance, I would proceed to treat the whole Empire as the British Islands are treated, holding every man liable to serve the Queen in war, and making every pound's worth of property responsible for the national defence. " Great care should betaken that, in every Province, a decennial census should be preiiared under every possible guarantee for fulness and accuracy, and the in- formation furnished by these returns should be digested and condensed so as to present at a glance a i)icture of the Empire. "The census would of course give, as the basis of legislation : " The number of people. " The value of real and personal property. " The amount of exports and imports. " The tonnage owned. " J^ew ships built. "Tlie number of fishermen and mariners employed. The informaWon gathered by llie last cenrus may, for i)resent use, be sutHcient, and if so : — " A bill, making provision for the defence of the Empire, may be prepared to operate uniformly over the whole, and should bo submitted simultaneously to all the Provinces. It should provide : — " For the enrollment of all the men from 16 to 60, liable to be called out in case of war. " For the effective organization and training, as militia, of men between the ages of IH anil 45, year by year in time of peace. " For fixijig the quota, which in case of hostilities any where each Province is to provide during the continuance of the war, the Colonial Government having the option to supply its quota by sending regiments already embodied, or by furnishing volunteers from the youth of the country, who might be better spared. " For incorporating these men into the British Armj' with their regimental num- bers, but with some distinctive name or badge to mark their origin, as the " Welsh Fusileers," or " Enniskillen Dragoons," are distinguished. They should be ])aid out of tlie military chest, and treated, in all respects, as Britisli troops, from the moment that they were handed over to the Commander-in-Chief. " For the establishment of military training schools in each Province, and for instruction in military engineering and the art of war, at some siminary within reach of the youth of every group of Colonies. " For the enrolment of all seafaring men from IG to 60 as a naval reserve, the ef- fective men between 18 and 45 being obliged to serve on board of block ships, har- bour defences, or in any of Her Majesty's shins on the station, or in forts of water batteries, for tlie same number of days wbicn effective militiamen are obliged to serve ou shore." (Page 24) : — " By anothe.: bill to operate uniformly over the whole Empire.KIndia being excluded, as she provides for her own army,) the funds should be raised for the national defence. This measure, like the other, .should be submitted for the sanction of the Colonial Government and Legislatures. This tax should be distinguished from all other imposts, that the amount collected could be seen at a glance, and that every portion of the whole people might see what they paid, and what every other portion had to pay. " This fund could be either raised as head-money over the whole population, or in the form of a property or income tax, or by a certain percentage upon imports ; constituting next to existing liabilities a first charge upon the Colonial revenues, and being paid into the military chest to the credit of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury." In order to guard myself against the possibility of misrepresenting Mr. Howe's scbeme, I have reproduced it in his own words. It will thus be seen, that Mr. Howe proposes that a merely nominal representation in the House of Commons should be given to the British Colonies enjoying Re- sponsible Government, and that in exchange, the most despotic power should be exercised over the revenues and manhood of those Colonies. Apparently enamoured with the system adopted in despotic countries, Mr. Howe pro- poses to reduce the British Colonist to the position of a Russian " serf." It would be impossible to conceive a scheme more oppressive or unjust. It would give to the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, a representation in the House of Commons equal to that now enjoyed by 4 the electors of four small "Boroughs in Groat Britain, and that in return for sa('ritic(!3 su(!h as no British subject is now culled ujKm to endure. For the honour of havinp; one single representative in the British Parliament, the three hundred and fifty thousand iidiubitants of Nova Scotia would not only be called upon to s.ift'or an enormous amount of annual taxation, but the person of every man in the Colony Avould bo liable to bo drafted at an liour's notice to fight the battles of Great Britain in India, or any other part of the. world, liut a])art from the monstrous absurdity of such a proposition, it is founded upon the most pal|)able fallacies. JMr. IIowo assumes in the first place, that the Colonies now contribute notliing to the defence of the Kmpire. He says (Page UJ), "If we go to war, the wliole burthen of sustaining it "falls upon these two small Islands." — (Page 20), " I see no reason why " the Colonies slionld not ccmtribute in peace and in war their fair quotas "toward tlie defence of the Empire." Ho speaks of the " ignorance and " sollishncss to be overcome " in getting a fair contribution to the defence of ths Em[)ire, and boldly propoiuids tlie policy of coercion, if his scheme be not adopted by the Colonies. He says (Page 30) : — " But suppose this policy propounded and tlie appeal made, and tbat the response is a dotormined negative. Even in that casb it would be wise to make it, because tlie public conscience of the Mother Country would theu be clear, and the hands of the statesmen free to deal with the whole question of national defence in its broad- est outlines, or in its bearings on the case of any single Province, or group of Pro- vinces, which might then be dealt with in a more independent manner. But I will not for a moment do my fellow (Jolonists the injustice to suspect that they will de- cline a fair comiiromise of a question, which involves at once tJieir own protection and tlie consolidation and security of the Empire. At all events, if there are any communi- ties of Hritish origin anywhere, who desire to enjoy all the privileges and imumuities of the Queen's subjects without paying for and defending them, let us ascertain where and who they are; let us measure the propositions of political repudiation now in a seiison of tranquility — when we have leisure to guage the extent of the .ivil, and to apply correclives." If ever there was a time; in the history of the Empire when any man should hesitate thus to assail the self-denying patriotism of British Colonists, surely it is the present. Let Mr. Howe but cast his eyes across the At- lantic to British America, and he will see all classes of the people ungrudg- ingly and without a murmur lavishing their treasure in upholding the dig- nity of the Empire, and protecting British possessions from invasion. British Americans are now loyally and vahantly defending that portion of the Empire which they occupy against the results of discontent in Ireland, for which they are not in the most remote degree responsible. The little Province of Nova Scotia annually expends about four hundred thousand dollars in time and money in the maintenance of the dignity of the Empire, and every able-bodied man iS held by law liable to be called into the field to defend British territory the moment it is attacked ; yet Mr. Howe proclaims to the world that she does nothing, and invites the British Government to offer the position of Russian " serfs" to her sons, and if they do not accept their doom, to " apply correctives." Unqualified as is Mr. Howe's admiration for the despotisms of France and Russia, he will search in vain in those countries for that loyal devotion to the Throne which throughout the British Empire gi\ es a security for the continuance of power which neither of them possesses. Mr. Howe's scheme would be as useless as it would be unjust and op- pressive. Impoverish the treasuries of the Colonies, and subject their inhabitants to a conscription to-morrow, and the Empire would be weakened instead of strengthened. Who would be mad enough to withdraw a pound from the treasury of British America, or a man from its population, to fight beyond the seas, with the probability that the first attempt of any power to humiliate England would be to wrest those splendid possessions from her ■1 cdirn for For fhe nicnt, the not only ^nt tjic 0(1 at an t'lor part >I)osition, 'lie ilrst Kmpire. iinin^oil why quotas nice aiul defence u'lne be 1" Iiauds ts broiid- of Pro- Ut I VTill will (lo- tion and iiumuni- u unities u where ow in a I, anil to »y man lonists, be At- grudg. le dig- British Impire which Jvince .ars in every efend ms to I offer their ation those itish 'hem 1 op- heir ;ned und ight WCT her I i i f gro.sp, and that all the rosourecs of those Colonies would be required to niaiiitnin the dignity of the Empire by ])rote('ting their own soil from being desecrated by the enemies of England ? British Colonists recognize the same obligations to contribute both men and niom-y to the defences of that portion of the Empire in wliich they live, sus the inhabitants of these islands, and in all the Colonies enjoying representative institutions they are loyally discharging thai duty. Nor is this all. Should the Imperial Government at any time declare war u[)on the United States, iipon grounds of purely Imperial {loliey, British America must not only lavish her blood and treasure in defence of the Empire, but also furnlsli the battle-field, and see her coimtry devastated in the stniggle to maintain ihe honor and tlu; glory of (Jreat Britain. All this hhe cheerfully acceius as not too high a price to pay for the inestimable blessings of British Institutions and the protection of C4reat Britain ; but surely this is enough without reducing her loyal popu- lation to a condition of Russian serfdoni. The taxation and conscription which Mr. Howe [jroposes for the Colonies wotdd necessarily be in addition to the (ixpenditure now required to keep the militia in a due state of prepa- ralion to in(!et any emergency rc(iuin!d for the defence of the country, as otherwise the whole system would be fraught with the most obvious weak- ness, which would at all times invite aggressi(m. It is not the standing army of England, but the military prowess of the volunteer force and militia which she has ileveloped that ensures her against any attempt at invasion. Mr. Howe says, he '• would proc(!ed to treat the whole Empire as the Briiish " Islands are now treated, holding every man liable to serve the Queen in "war, and making every pouml's worth of property responsible for the *^ national defence." Yet his scheme leaves the British Islands in the same position which they and the Colonies .alike now occupy, and pfoj): — "Thf'Sfl iniiti v'oulit brinu witli Miem storeHof acrurato information, o(t«n invalua- lilt) ill i)arliaiii(intiiry oiiquivioH, anil tlioy nilKht HOin«tiint's Uirow titn tiio liuhatwH the frnitH ot lonp; cxperlonco, and tlio subtlo vivacity of very accoiupliHliud iri'mlB." In eonchision Mr. Howe's says (page 27) : — " Tlinrn is (tiiough of doubt to perplex and airaont to dotpr Ibem from trylnp; this <>3rp«)rimoiit, yet it is ho bo|)flfnl, tliero Ih no little to be lost by failure and so much to be nfii"<"l by succohs that wiUi all respect I would urge Her Majesty's Oover.imont to pfive the question thoir grave conHlileraMon. That it is the duty and would b« for i.hM intorcHtof all Her Ma,i«8ty*rt subjects iu the outlying provinces, fairly admitted to t)io un.joyintvit of the ])rivileges iudlcatod, to make tins cuutributluu, 1 have not the sliadow of douot." It is not easy to see how Mr. ITowe can liavc ftny doubt as to the fate sueli a pro[)o,sitlon would meet with at the hands of any body of intelligent representatives in any British Colony. He knows that twelve years ago he advoeated Colonial representation in the Imperial Parliament, with all the ability lie possessiid, and that down to the present hour no man has been found to second his jjroposition. II(! knowd that several years ago he laid the same scheme before the British public, with the same result, and that after years of deliberation, when in J 801 he held the post of Premier of Nova Scotia, he did not venture to submit such a project, but obtained the sanction of the Legislature to tin; poli<;y of uniting the British North Ameri- can Provinces under one Government, as the best means of organizing that portion of the P2m;ure. Yet now, when the Government and Legislature of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, have agreed to that policy, and it has ev(My prospect of an early and successful 'consummation, JMr. IIowc unites with all the enemies of England in an endeavour to obstruct it, and proposes to Her Majesty's Government to try an " cxperimfjnt" of which Mr. llovve is himself the sole advocate. It is not necessary that I should draw your attention to the impracticability of a scheme so essentially at variance with the system of Government now in operation, both in this country and in the Colonies, but I may be per- mitted to suggest the not unlikely spectacle of ha^'ing in the same Parlia- ment a Minister of the Crown from a Colony opposing a Colonial Minister on a question of Colonial administration, — or a Minister from one Colony opposing that of another. Mr. Howe pays that his scheme could do no harm if rejected by the Colonies to whom it was offered. On this important point I entertain a very different opinion. In no period in the history of the Colonies lias a better feeling existed between them and the Pai'ent State, than at the present moment. The Colonies have not only evinced the most de- voted attachment to the Crown and to the Mother Country, but have shewn a readiness worthy of all praise to contribute to the defence of the Empire, both in men and money, to the utmost extent of their resources, while on the other hand the Imperial Government have given the most satisfactory assurances of their determination to preserve intact the integrity of the Cobnial Empire and to resent any invasion of Colonial territory as prompt- ly as if the British Islands were assailed. To insinuate under these cir- cumstances that Colonies, maJiing the heaviest sacrifices, are doing uc thing for the defence of the Empire, is unjust in the last degree, and for the Im- perial Government to propose to reduce British Colonists to a condition of Russian serfdom, only to meet with inevitable refusal, would be to engender bad blood and useless recrimination, which could only be desired by those who openly or covertly wish to accomplish the dismemberment of the Empire. 8 Thn porusftl of iho two pnniphlt'ts written by l^fr. IIowc witliin n few w«!t'krt of ciicli other, ad'ords llic^ liewt (ivideiiei^ of llu^ utter wiiut of priiicipln of ti»e writer, aiul the impossihility of o])posiii;^ Confedfratiou without re- hortinp; to the most tlisirifijctuious luul eoutradietory MtateIncllt.^. Contra>*t llio Ktnteineats in these two hrochnres, and you will lind — Mr. llowc ofjposed Union on the ground that no change was nujuired in our existing institutions. He now deehires that "we have no seeuiily for peaee," niul that a radieal changes in tlie Colonial system is imperatively demanded, and es[)e(;ially in order to preserve llrilish America. Mr. Howe objected to Confederation because it would interfere with self- government and swamp the influence of the Maritime Provinces, as 47 niend)ers would not have suUieient weight in a Parliann'iit of 1*.M to prol(!(!t their interests. He now declares that five members from Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Hrunswick, will be quite suflicient to obtain justice in a Parliament of Go8. j^Ir. Howe objected to Confederation on the ground that itwf uld increase the existing tariffs in British America. He now advocates a scheme of taxation for Imperial purposes which must inevitably involve a very great uicrease in the taritls of all the Provinces. Mv. Howe objected to Union because it would entail additional expendi- ture to protect tlie frontier of Canada. He now asks to have the Colonies taxed to sup[)ort the army and navy of (Jreat Britain, and declares our readiness to i)ay pound for pound with the Canadians. JMr. Howe op|)osed Confederation on the ground that some of our young men might be called upon to aid in the defence of other portions of BrUislj America. He now proposes to subject every man in the Colony to conscrip- tion, to fight the bat ties, of England in every part of the world! Mr. Howe undertook to nrove that the members of the Government of A. Nova Scotia misrepresented the public sentiment of the country, and were not worthy of consideration. He now assures the British Ministry, that the best mode of obtaining a representative for a Colony would be to take a member of the Cabinet, as they would thus " secure men truly represent- hig the majority in each Colony," and declares that " only the best men can win their way into these Colonial Cabinets." The loyal and patriotic men who have so nobly sustained the cause of British American Union cannot but be justly proud of the triumphant position that policy occupies after emerging from the ordeal of the strictest scrutiny, while the misguided but loyal men who have been deluded into opposition to the great work of consolidating British power and perpetuating British Institutions in the Colonies, by Mr. Howe's aspersion that it would involve some expense, cannot but feel justly indignant when they find their representative declaring that it is necessary that the Colonies should be com- pelled to submit to the most oppressive taxation for Imperial purposes, and ' that Colonists should be reduced to the same condition of serfdom which exists in Russia, and subjected to conscription to recruit the army and man the navy of England for every war in which she may engage. In the confident belief that the enlightened Statesmen who control the destinies of the Empire, will treat with the contempt, which it deserves this audacious proposal to substitute the despotism of France and Russia for the free constitutional system which has made British Institutions the envy of the world, I remain, Your most obedient, Humble servant, CHARLES TUPPER. London, November 23rd, 18GG. ■1 I I I Nova