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 IXFOllMATIOJ^ TO EMTfJHyUYTS 
 AN ACCOUNT 
 
 
 Ol TUK 
 
 LSI AND OF PUINC C EDWARD, 
 
 WITH 
 
 PHA CTICA L A I) VlCi: 
 
 Ti. niOBE 
 
 INTENDING TO EMICIJATE; 
 
 A \ I) 
 ON THE 
 
 cji'E or (JooD HOPE, nejv soirii iv u.ks, 
 
 CANADA, AND THE RED liiyiJl. 
 
 TO WHICH ARC 4UDEn, 
 
 SAILING DIRECTIONS 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 Coast and Harbours of the said Island ; 
 
 AND 
 
 ^ (KTorrrct mn}^ 
 
 OF 
 
 HOLLAND HARBOUR AND THE LANDS SUIUlOl \1)I.\G 
 CASCUMPEC BAY. 
 
 BY A LATE RESIDENT OP THAT COLoW 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PHLNTED FOR AND SOLD BY JAMES ASPEHNf:, 
 
 BIBLE AND CROWY, CORNHILL. 
 
 Price \s. 6d. 
 
 V 
 

 ;•> ,t \Vl.. Iiiiil", N'"" ••aMlfilii-rt, Vli-HMjrk.'l. 
 
INFOUMATIOX 
 
 TO 
 
 EMIGRANTS. 
 
 PfUNtrnOUS pulillriitinnii havp of late isHiiid from \\\c press on (lie 
 •lilijiTt (>r llllli^^rltti(lll, anil, ah flii: iirwNpiipirM liiivt! tn-iiiod with repr<- 
 M-iitatioiiN till till! Niiltjn't, I (k'em it ii duty iii(-iiiiil>«>iit on aw. to offoi 
 a ff\T oltNcrvatioim on the ditferrnt I'ouiitrios to whit'h »'nii<{rants turn 
 their itltnitioii in the hope ornnidioratiiijj thoir condition. The concluNion 
 of II war, inirxnniplcil in the annals of thiH nr any other country, in its 
 extent, ilN duration, and itH vxpeniic, having occasioned a great alteration 
 in tlif lialiitN, eniploynientii, and views, of many pt.-ople, together with 
 tiM great load of taxes with which they are hurthened, has naturally 
 led them to consitler if they cannot henclit thcinitelves hy removing to 
 another; otiiers alito have ii«en led to confcmplale emi^ruti«Mi from a dis- 
 •atidfaction to government, ami a diNlike to the political inititntions of 
 their country \ and, without considering how the events lian> been brought 
 about, nthich haa caused their present distress, have been goaded on by 
 artful and designing men, to consider that their oidy relief is by a total 
 destruction uf the existing government ; and it is to be apprehended, many 
 otherwise well-meaning people, are lending themselves tea set of xeditioua 
 plottcrn, as the willing instruments to promote anarchy, confusion, and all 
 its concomitant horrors. Many have enibarkrd for the United States of 
 America, untler a notion that they were hastening to a 'laud of plenty, 
 freedom, and happiness. Kntigration, undertaken upon rational principle, 
 and upon due consideration at^er proper enquiry, has undoubtedly^ 
 often been attended with most beneficial consequences to thise who 
 have proceeded where an extent of population is such as to pre- 
 vent the industrious from rnjoying the fruits of their labour, or the 
 situation of things such, as to prevent them front getting a comfortable 
 livelihood by the work of their hands, which is all they have to depend 
 tipon i or where the trade of a country is such as not to afford a small 
 capitalist the means of so employing it, cond>ined with personal labour, 
 tio as to enable him to live comfortably, it is both natural and proper ft>r 
 him to enquire and consider if he cannot change for the better. Withont 
 
 4 
 
6 
 
 enttTing into nltAtratt |iriii<'i|ili's of |iuliti<'nl <'< unoniy, or a HtNniiKtioii of 
 the ruiiM' wliirh liaN IctI lo oiir prcMnil Ritiiittioii, I nIiiiII Ntulu a few 
 fai'ti >vliir|i I triiNt will l)f MifHtirnt to ffimrii my ('(iiintryiiirii I'roni liciiiif 
 dcluilcil Id li'iivr til* iriiiitivt' liiiul hy viigiic r('|i()i'lN, or the (iiInim oloiiriiiK* of 
 intcrciitcil H|ir( iilators. 
 
 Knii;;riitioii is iiiitliiii;r iiivt ; Iho Cinikw iiihI lloiiiniiiii m iiininit linn* 
 foiiii<l«>«l 1111(1 nicoiiri^'nl I oloiiixiil inn. Il is iiiiiii) litMiiry for iiir t rrt 
 
 to wlijit 'iiiN lu'cii tlir jiolicy of this iciimlry in IIimI r<«i|url, mIicii /o- 
 Tcrnninit, no liir iVnin iliNcoiirii^iiiu it, Invc of l.ili' iirnlVrnd « ounkIcimIiIu 
 advantii^'rH (o iiKliii')' pcoplf lo uo to ll|>|u'r (';iiiiiilii, mil nrr ii'i\« tloiiiij 
 it to n ^milcr (It'^rrrr to fiiriiitiitr « iiiiuriilioii to the (' |m' nfCootl ||ti|ii', 
 
 I sliiill iiiiikr somf brief nnnirkji on tli«> (liU'cniit < oiinlritN tu nliich 
 numlNTH liiivr rcNorti'd, itiitl to nliirli otlifrt* luc now alioiit to (inliiirk| 
 for ihti inforniiition of tlumc who may ht* iliN|iu8iil to Kftk for ii licttir 
 situation. Such m iirc in posscNsioii of tlit> nu'aiis of a conifortahli' sul>- 
 ■isttiiicc hero now, ami nijuy Ihf pros|i('('t of a romp«;l(>iirr for tluiu- 
 SclvcN and familii's an th<-y ativancf in lift-, I would rt'coimntiid to ittay 
 frhfro they arc; mich as have mily a small rapilal, ami who, with t-vtry 
 exertion they can niak<s liiiil thiniNclvcH iiicapalilc of pri>ciiri>i;< comfortit 
 for themseUcN ami families nt prcs^ciit, ami liavi' not a ^oo<l prospect of 
 bctterin)^ their Nitiiation in future, I should not liisitate in rccomnieiidin^ 
 to removt; to nonie other place ; hut I must cantioii them not to liu 
 mish-d hy an idea, that, Ity remo\iii(; lo the wesleru hemisphere, they can 
 immediately acquire what they are so nrdently in pursuit of; hut tliis I cmi 
 Assure them, that the colony I am ahont to descrilie, alter a few years 
 exertion, and siilmiittiii); to those privations wliii h every man who j;oes 
 to an unsettled country must at first sulimit, they may not only enjoy 
 the necessaries hut the comforts of life, and realize what wiil keep tlicin 
 in a state of tompetence and independence at the decline of it. 
 
 Those likewise who ha we <uily capital siifTHient to pay their passage out^ 
 peed never he at a loss for employment, providetl they ao" capalJe and 
 fvillin,!^ to work, iis tliere is ^reat want of lahoiirers; and an industriouH 
 man, hy workin<^ sometimes for others, and sometimes in clearing lands 
 for himself, might in a few years accpiire the means of mainteuaiice on his 
 own grounds. 
 
 Tlie respective advaiitajves of the Unitwl Slates of America, the Cape 
 of Good Hope, New .South Wales, the Ked Uiv«r, and Upi^r Canada, 
 have engaged the pens of many writers, and not a small part of their 
 representation has heeii written hy interested individuals, and many of 
 them calculated to mislead the unwary ; hut amongst all I hav? met with, 
 little has been said of a Colony with which I have been long acquainted, 
 aud whose quahtics I oin etiabkd to describe from |)ersunal ubscrvutioii 
 
niitl px|)«*nrii<*r, tlu' iNTANn of PmM(K lliiw^un, wlm ,, nd'onlii n inont 
 n«lvitntiiv'«'()iia opniiiitt tor <-ii)ii;riilioii, in Nitii.it*'<l in llir i nitn- of (liu 
 nritiNli AiiH'rii'iiii < 'oldiiicH, iiiiil I liivc liiiinl it iiii|)liiitii'ii||y tniiii><l, n 
 •' DiuiiioHti III Ihr II 11/ no f t /if liiitis/t Amrrinin l'us\i\sii>/i\." 'I'luTt' ia 
 indfctl i« xliorl iininiiil uf it in ti very n'M|H>i'|iililr imhlii utinii, •• The 
 i;iiro|MMii MitKii/iiii',' tor Jitiiiiiiry. Ih|{), iumI on I nitirclv cKiMiir with 
 tin riiiiiliil Miitlioi III' tliiit iiiirrutivc, iin I'^ir iin it K<"''*f I tli'iH iiini rt it in 
 tlii)) trart, mtiliii^: Hiunr ntlicr iiifurHiiitioii, iin I tliink ncirsNiuv i Imt lirfort* 
 I rrliilc \>listt I liiivr t'lirtlin- to siiy rv!>|iriliiit^ lliul roltiii), i MiuU iiiuk« 
 Clinic ol>Mi-\atioiiii uii utlit-iN, In ginning witlitliu 
 
 IJXTTKD S lATKS. 
 
 On tlic Hiil>3< 1 1 of tliitt couiili) it in not n<'('i'<«Hiiry to iiny ininli ; it Iin* 
 lircn |tro|H>rly niiiil, 'Mlii' title of <'hii);r;i|ion Ii^in Inrnrcl ;" tlir privntioniif 
 tlii> (li»ti-r.H;«, iumI iiiis«T>, wliirli onr i'iMinlr\nH 11 liiivv Hnllcnil in tlia^ 
 i;rossl\-niiNtr|ir«sL'nt<>il rt^iun li:ivr rrMinniit-tl I'roni nil (|nitrti'i'N, innl tlie 
 nunicronit living \«itn<SN4'ii tli^t li;iv«' iirrn so rmlniiiitf int tu rcaili tln'ir 
 itiitivr (.unntry, wliiUt lli)> <l)-l:iil tluir own liitr(l>lii|M, Itnir tcHtlnioiiy of 
 the iiiinilM'r of tlnir iinfoilnnutc I'otniti yni< 11 wlio liiivf )M>ri8hi'<l under 
 every Hillnlini: lirciMnNtMncf of wtnit, rxinnistrd strength, and tliwuisc. 
 Atiion^.<tt till- turountM thr followinj; liiivo lately a|>|M-nrc*l ia the pub* 
 lie priiitn. 
 
 From till I'id/iv Lri/ffcr, Ttli Oct. ISI9. 
 •' DiMresN in the United Slates. — It in eHtiinated there are 'irt.nou (tersoiis 
 (liiily neeliiii;: rniplnvineiit in Pliilatlelphia, nnti marly I*),imh) wanih ring 
 the MtreetM daily, htokinu alter it, and il' weiuld too the women, the iteeount 
 I'unno: be h-vs than ^jo.iioo." 
 
 Vuliliv LrJiTfi; Hf/i Oct. IftlQ. 
 " I'.nii^ratioii to Anieriea. — A Wulirfintl pa|M'r Nays, The Nhip Maifrnritt 
 1). S. Aydeii.of and from New ^'ork, l)oniul to Liverpool, out twenty-two 
 days, was boarded otl' Waterford liarboirr, on Saturday, by the Caroline 
 pilot ixiat. She hnd on board upwards of 1(H» paKf«<-n<i;<'r*, some aeeouati 
 Hay l«t>, the prineipid part of ivliom were persons who went out to 
 Anieriea in the last Spring, in Iio|M's of betteriiifj; their <'ondition, but who 
 have lui-u sadly disappointed in their expe<'tiitioiiM. They landed tixte^Df 
 who on Monday passed through this eity, they f^ivc a dreudful account^ 
 and represent eniif^rantR from this eountry in >i most deplorable atnte. 
 Thousands are prevented from returning- from the wunt of means to 
 their {XMNiaiuie; fifty Cnrliale weavers rcturiie<l for want of work." 
 
 \lW^ 
 
 ''Mf 
 
Public Ledger, Wh Oct. 1819. 
 Ilxtraft of a IclUr fioni Livoipool, datwl gtli Oct.— The licit i/, CapUiiii 
 W'etllfcwood, arrived tliis day from l^liiladflpiiia with iipwardH of lOoiiicn, 
 women and tliildreii i'iiii;>'rautti. Thf; ti?<c of emigration has turned, and 
 those poor creatures w ho Jiave bej-n induced to leave their country, their 
 homes, and their friends, l>y tlio Haltering prospects In-id out to them of 
 that land of plenty and freedom, (tlie United States) are now happy if they 
 can find the means of paying their passage to return to old England. 
 
 I could quote nundierless instances of more distressing accounts, but the 
 public are too well intbrncd to make it necessary. 
 
 The vision that once painted this country as a place of refuge to the in» 
 dustrious and unfortunate has now passed away, and even Cobbct no 
 longer advises his countrymen to visit it. Tlic angel of destruction is now 
 making an awful progress on its shores, with its attendant evils of fatigue, 
 thirst, hunger, and disease, and thousands arc now ])erishing unpitied and 
 unknown in its most remote regions. The mind of humanity revolts at the 
 recital, and turns from the atlecting scene with comniiiieration and regret. 
 
 A visionary sp(rulator has made a large purchase in the back •ountry, 
 more titan 1000 miles from the sea coast, amongst bogs, swani))s, and 
 marshes, part of which he has dignified with the name of Prairrie, (a 
 Frenchified word for meadow,) inviting settlers to resort to his standard, 
 where he hits set himself down for a time surrounded with savages, and 
 amid reptiles, the sting of torturing insects, and every species of vermin 
 calculated to enhance the danger and add to the miseriei of human life; 
 and if by pufiing his settlement in this country, lie can delude others to 
 follow and settle on his lands in those remote regions, where they cannot 
 have the means of returning, I have little doubt, if he survives the in> 
 tertnittent agues and yellow fever with which the country is constantly af- 
 flicted, he will leave thcni to deplore their wretched destiny. If that coun- 
 try (the Illenois) were possessed with all other advantages, the distance from 
 « market must render it a most unfit situation for the reward of industry. 
 
 CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 
 
 The C a PR of Goon Hon has attracted the notice of many, and it issaid* 
 a very considerable embarkation is about to take place to that country \ I 
 confess myself no furtlier acquainted with that colony than from report of 
 oUiers, but nmst say, from such information as I have received from 
 many well acquainted with its situation, soil, and productions, and whose 
 veracity I can depend upon, I am afraid too sanguine expectations are 
 Entertained. 
 
 Independent of the incursions oftlie Cairr<oS| I understand the seasons are 
 
9 
 
 very precarious, and that a want of rain ii often the occasion of nmcli 
 distress. I have certain information from a fnend, on whose assertion 1 can 
 place the utmost confidcnic, and who put into tlic Clapc this yciir in his 
 way from Calcutta to England, thiit llic country was then in a >;tatc of 
 starvation, and he was ofli.-rcd for Ids whole cargo of rice 4Ss. per cwt. 
 which is only worth about lis. in this eouutry, and 1 am dccidcilly of 
 opinion that the settlers at the Cape, should they even L>c sutuessful in 
 tlie culture of the country, will find no ailequate maikct for its production. 
 
 NE^y HOLLAND. 
 
 Nrw II0M.AND seems to have attracted the attention of many ; I have 
 perused a well-written book upon the subject of this colony by a Mr. 
 Wentworth. The general account of the country is very interc:;ting, but 
 when \v«; come to the more intcrrstin;^ point of investigation — wli;it it pro- 
 duces, or is likely to produce, ;ind where a market is to 1h; found — I must 
 confess, there is little to encourage the adventurer to seek for i)r()sperity or 
 comfort in that colony. The niittcriiils of which their society is composed, 
 must render residencir there vcr\ irksome, and tlie nundurs wliiili seek every 
 opportunity of return to this country, after the term of flieir biinishment 
 is ended, is but too plain an indication that they pnfer sei l;in^ u livin<* 
 in (his country, with a ruined character, to remaining where such a blot 
 would be no bar to their success. 
 
 UPPER CANADA. 
 
 Tub next I shall mention, which is nearer liome, and a British settlement, 
 it) Upper Canada. To this place govcrnmetit, some time since, held out 
 encouragement, and gave assistance to n great nundjcr, l)esides granting 
 tliem lands griitis. It has lately been announced officially that it is not 
 <he intention of government to give any further assistance. 
 
 The soil of Upper Canada I apprehend to be very good, and that it will 
 produce all the ditTeicnt kinds of grain and vegetable which grow in this 
 country, though the climate is very imhealthy from the number of marshes, 
 swamps, and other wet lands. But f.ir less so than on the burning regions 
 of the interior of tho United States, irom which many have emigrated to 
 Upper Canada, and are settled there : but its great distance from the sea 
 M a very strong impediment, and sliuts them out of the reach of a reiidy 
 oud advantageous market. 
 
 RED RIVER. 
 
 The Red River is a large district granted by government to the Earl of 
 Selkirk. This nobleman has bestowed great expense, and underg[oue much 
 
10 
 
 ffttigue,in his persomil t-xortions to promote R settlenumt. I hate heard iti 
 •oil is good, »iid thai itn iiroiliK-tioiis are iiiiioh the wime ai Upper Canmla, 
 and the chinnte more lieiilthy ; but it is still as inconvenient for a ninrkci 
 as the latter. His lonlsliip has been engiigcd in a most serious contest 
 with the North-West Compiuiy ; a set of peo|ile who carry on a great 
 trade in colle< tiiij,' skins. T liis contest it is feared has greatly retarded and 
 Mijiired hiii lordship's prospects^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 LOWER CANADA. 
 
 Lower Canada lays ninch more convenient for the disposal of its 
 produccj but, from the best informalinn I -an obtain, all the lanils fit for 
 settling are already t;r!inted, c- occupied by the descendants of the Frent'h, 
 who possessetl tlie territory before its conquest. 
 
 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 
 
 The following account has appeared in the European Magazine, for 
 January, 1810, and «is I can vouch for tiie impartiality of its statements, I 
 bhall give it verbathn from that publication. 
 
 To the Etiitor of the Ehropean Mairazine, 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I liave read with no small degree of surprise, in the New Monthly 
 ^fagazinc of September last, a most absurd account of Prince Edward 
 Island; an account equally ciMlculatcd to injure that colony, as to mislead 
 those who might be disposed to <{uit this < onntry, buoyed up with fulA»e 
 hopes and golden dreams of living (omforttiby without labour, and growing 
 rich without industry. 
 
 The island is certainly a most desirable place for some descriptions of 
 people, who, with the utmost exertions, are incapable of maintaining them- 
 selves and families in this country ; an/ who, after labouring hard all tlie 
 best part of their lives, have no prospect but of pining out their latter days 
 in poverty and wi-etchedness; people of this description, who are inclined 
 to be industrious for a few years, may acquire a comfortable independence, 
 and a security from w»nt when they are no longer able to work. But if 
 they expect, that "the poorest families will set down to a roast pig, wild 
 ducks, and salmon, every day," or that the latter can be obtained for " a 
 glass of rum" — that the land will produce wheat, barley, and potatoes, 
 li'itAoul jiloughing" — that "industry is vet reijiiircd" — or that "amusement i* 
 the soie dutif of the fanner," as set forth in the almvc-namcd publkatioii, 
 their expectations will be most egrcgiouitly disappoiuttid. 
 
11 
 
 Mrd its 
 Jaiimla, 
 ninrkei 
 contest 
 a grrat 
 tied uiid 
 
 1 
 
 It M diflicutt to conceive wlitit could induce any perHon tn pnhllNh inch 
 a jumble of inconfistencics, contradictions, and al>nuiditl(»i, su iirc contained 
 in tliu account alluded tu. 
 
 I sliidl give you a brief and candid account of some intorcHtin;; parti- 
 culars of this colony, for tlie inforniation of such as feel disposed to enii;:; rate, 
 that they may be better enabled to jud^e of what tiu-y are to expect, and 
 provide for themselves acconliu^ly. 
 
 The Island of Frince Kdward is situated in the flnlf of St. Lawrence, 
 between tlie latitude 4(5 and 47 j loufjitude 0-3 and 64 ; (that is to say,) about 
 •ioi^ miles to the southward of F.n^land, and about ^.5t)0 miles to the west- 
 ward. It is about KiO miles louji^', and at some places ,S0 niiirs broad, and 
 contains l,So;3,4(.)0 acres, very n^uch intersuctud with navi<>;able rivers 
 and bays. 
 
 The ap()eurance of the country in the summer is beautifully pirtnres«]ue. 
 It is in ((eneral level, or in risjn;; slopes; there are no mountains, or any 
 very hi^h hillsj but in tiie mitldle of the island, there arc some nearly as 
 high as the Sydenham hills. I'he uncleared part of the country is uni* 
 furmly covered with trees, consisling principally of I'inc, Spruce, Ilendock« 
 Pine, Beerli, Birch, Maple, Poplar, and Oak ; of the latter there is no con- 
 siderable quantity. 
 
 The soil is of a reddish casi, a mixture of clay aiil s:ind j with scarcely 
 any stones on the surface. It is very onsily worked, ainl will produce every 
 thing that ^rows in this country, and fur the most part in a superior degree. 
 
 The climate hiLs very littiv resemblance to that of ilngland; <luring the 
 continuance of summer the weather is iniinitely finer; in winter much 
 cooler, but in general clear and brticing. Those who Inivc been long on 
 the isliuid comphiin of our winters, and say they feel a much more unplea- 
 sant cold in our <lamp and wet seasons. 
 
 I have heani some of them assert, that they have a sensation in this 
 country, as if they were up to their net ks in water ; and during their 
 residence here have been subjected to constant <<)lds and coughs. 
 
 The climate is very healthy, and eniiurants from i-lurope lose nothing of 
 their ruddy complexions; most of the ii. habitants have very large fumilicii 
 of children, who prow up healthy and strou:', and become useful at a very 
 early age. There is i.o epidemic disorder incident to the island ; it forms 
 in this respect, as in many others, a striking ( ontrsist to the United States. 
 There is oidy one regularly bred medical man on the island ; the good wo- 
 men of the neighbourhood perform the obstetric operations to each other, 
 and with great success. Females appear to suffer much less in that trying 
 situation than in Europe. I have seen a woman about her household busir 
 ness two days after lying-in ; it is the custom to administer a glass of rum 
 as suonas the lady is dehvered, and I have never heard of its producing auy 
 
12 
 
 LuJ efftT-f ; it is, indeed, the grand specific. At tife time I wns on the island 
 tiie mt>aslrs tnnde their appearunve. Rum was liberally administered in 
 npit* of every caution that I gave them, and uniformly with success; out of 
 ut least ii hundred people young and old, who had the measles in the neigh- 
 Lood where I was, not one died, nor did any of them seem to suffer any bad 
 ctfecti from the disense, or this extraordinary treatment. Though the 
 weather is severe, it is by no means sneh as to " put a period to out-door la- 
 bour;" winter is the stiKsou in which the inhabitants employ themselves in 
 cuttin>r down tinilier. While the snow is on th*" groinid is the most eligible 
 lime for dniwiiig it out of the woods to the sides of navigable rivers, 
 where it is, in the spring, put into the water to be raffed to the depot of 
 »uch merchants as are in the habit of i- \ing it in payment from the 
 •ettlers. 
 
 This is also the season in which flic farmers get flieir timber for fencing 
 their lands, und for repairing their farms. The severity of the winter gene- 
 rally conunences about the 1 2th of December, and the rivers are inmost 
 years fro/en over about Christmas, frequent snow-showers oecur from De- 
 cember to ^Iarch. \V iien the first smow falls the roods are diflieult to pass, 
 but they shortly become beafen, and there is nearly as much travelling in 
 the winter lis in the summer; and though there are frequent thaws during 
 this season till the latter part of March, there is very seldom any material 
 breaking up of the ice till St. Patrick's day (the 17th of that month,) about 
 which time the ice, in most years, begins to clear away at the entrances of 
 the 4inrbour», and in some seasons sewing of wheat eonmienccs the latter 
 end of April, but more frequently in May. 
 
 Winter wheat has not yet had a fair trial ; there is no doubt but if the 
 snow falls in quantities to cover the ground bdore the severe- fmst sets iu 
 (which is most conimonly the case,) it wonid answer well ; but iu the pre- 
 sent infant state of agriculture, it is considered as too great a risk. When 
 the country shall be better peopled, and more attention paid to cultivating 
 the soil, I have no doubt but winter wheat would be found a more pro- 
 fitable and convenient crop. 
 
 I haye seen crops of summer wheat equal to those of any part of the 
 world ; the barley is excellent, and oats much superior to any other of 
 American growth ; the potatoes and turnips cannot be exceeded any where j 
 and peas and beans arc quite as good as any 1 have ever seen. Cabbage, 
 carrots, and parsnips, are produced as good as any iu Ihigland; iu fact all 
 the produce of English gardens will thrive equally well. 
 
 \'ery seldom is manure n.ade use of for raising corn, though many parts 
 of the island abound with sea-weed, and in some parts it lies rotting in 
 inimcu5e quantities. 
 
 Jill t^cnerai, farming is carried on in a nio.st ^lovculy uianucrj and it is nut 
 
18 
 
 imcoiiiinon to see gr.iss growing up niaongst the corn, nlmott in equal 
 i|iiiiiitiUc!4. 
 
 (V(»ji aflor crop of win , it is irarcl upon tin; snino spot without manuv^. 
 I uni of opinion, tint if llir .siinti- nioih- (jf a^rionltiirc was |)ra<;tis«^d as in 
 this lonntry, Uie nopn would he fully ef|ual. 
 
 The natnral jrrass of the eonntry consists of what is called by (he nft- 
 tiiiali.sts, '• f'oa i'rateiisis," «>r what i lulieve iii connnonly c;idlcil, smooth- 
 stalkfd njcadow grasn, aiid wliite clover; these are the only species of na- 
 tural ^nuss I have seen on Hi*.' island growui^ iu nny considerable quantities, 
 except on the marshrs, and on sand-hills, which border on most of the 
 harbuurson the north side; the latter produce u hi^^h strong jj^rass, mixed 
 with a kind of pea or vetch, and which makes excellent hay, and is of 
 great use to new sc-ttlerx to feed their cattle during the winter, before 
 they can clear sulhtient land lo produce corn and potatoes, «nd upland 
 grass. 
 
 It is the practice with some farmers to sow what is called Timothy grass, 
 which atibrds a larger crop than the natural grass, and remains many years 
 in the ground. I have frequently met with that species of red clover called 
 cow-grass in small patches, growing naturally, and havo no doubt but it 
 woidd answer well if yown with corn, i have never seen any trial made 
 of the connnon red clover, but have no doubt tiiat it would suit the soil. 
 The climate is particularly favourable to sheep; I never heard that any die 
 of the rut, or any disease common to sheep in this country: they ."c small 
 but of excellent flavour: the common size is about Oolbs. the carcase. 
 The cattle ar(> smaller than in England, but larger than the Scotch or Welch 
 breed: the common si/e of oxen is from six to nine hundred pounds, b«- 
 sides the olFal. 
 
 They are remarkably tractable at the plough, and drawing timber out of 
 the woods, and arc by no means " scarce,' as represented in the narrative 
 of the New Motithly Maga/iue of September, in which, in another part, it 
 is ;!sscrted, " Newfoundland is fntirely supplied w itii live stock from Priacc 
 l!(hvMrii I'liind." I'hough Newfoundland is not " entirely suppliod with 
 live stoi k" from thence, a great number of cargoes are annually scut there 
 and many cargoes of potatoes and turnips. 
 
 The price of sheep is from 15s. to 20s. each ; cows from 51. to 61. ; OZCD 
 from 9l. to 1«1. each; wheat from Gs. to "s. ^er bushel ; barley Ss. 6d. to 
 4s.; outs '2s. to 3s. Gd. ; potatoes Is. 6d. to Qa.; geese '2s. Gd. each, aod 
 fowls from <)d. to Is. 
 
 The settler has at first many inconvcnieuces to encounter, which must be 
 the case in all new countries; but he has a certainty, that by perseverance 
 he cauuot fail of success. A good soil, smalt rent, and no tAim (except a 
 
14 
 
 quit rent of fin. perliumlrnl lurcs to the n-owii,) arc firriiiiistanccs wliirli 
 render siiccpss eertaiii; and tliere is no country 1 liiive ever vet stcn, where 
 these «dvantiigfs «'xi«it in iin e»|ual degree to Vrinre lliUvard iNliuid. There 
 is yet to he dis|>o!ii'd of, ii liUf^e extent of what iit called hront-land, situated 
 on the siilcs of navigable rivers, and in jiorfs on the sia-eoast. Springs of 
 water are ahundant, and of exetliant <|unlity. The climate is most healthy. 
 And there is a constant communication with the iieighltonring coast of 
 Nova Scotia, New llrnnswick, and NcwfoniuUandj and frequcut upjior- 
 tunities of sendinc: or receiving accounts from (ireat Britain; a post goes 
 twicu ill each of the snnmicr months, and once a month in the winter to 
 Pirtou; and by packet to England. 'I'here is no such place as the town 
 of " Ureton" on the Continent. 
 
 The rivers abound with trout, eels, mackarri, flounders, oysters, anil 
 lobsters, and some saluion ; and the coast with cod-fish and herrings iu 
 great abundance. The latter, soon after the ice bi caks away iu the spring 
 rush into the harbours on the north side of the island in inmunse shoals, 
 arc taken by the inhabitants in small nets with very little; trouble, and as 
 ■alt is cheap (not beiujj subject to duty) most families barrel up a quantity 
 for occasional use. The lobsters are iu great abimdauce and very large and 
 fine. In Europe this kind of slicll-fisli is only taken on the sea-coast 
 nmongst rock* ; at I'rince Edward Island they are taken in the rivers and 
 on sliallows, where (h<y fc«'tl on a kind of ^ca-wrcd, called by the islanders 
 eel-grass, Mid a person by wading iulo the water halC-lcg deep, jnight (ill 
 a bushel basket rii half an hour. Many schooners are annually laden with 
 oysters for Qui bcc and Newfoundland. 
 
 The plenty of lish, and the ease with v>hich it is procured, is of great as- 
 sistance to the inhabitants, and ir. particular (o new set Hers, lul'orc they 
 Lave time to raise food from the produce of the land. 
 
 Hares and partridges ari: plenty, and are free for any persor to kill ; and 
 in the spring and autnnui great plenty of wihl geese, ducks, and other water 
 fowl. 
 
 Tlie advantage of being situated on the sea-coast muht be obvious, when 
 compared with the miserable sitiia'iuu of tiiose who have been tieludcd 
 to quit their native country for the interior of the United Statesj which 
 every person must be convinced of who will take the trouble to read a 
 pul>lication by Mr. !'< ion, printed for Longman and Hurst, Paternoster-row. 
 This genticuian was sent to the States by a party of his friends, the rcprc« 
 sentatives of thirlj-nine families, who very wisely determined to send a 
 person on whose report they could depend to examine the country, and 
 collect such information as would enable them to form a correct opiuion, 
 before they left their native land, of how far they were likely to better 
 
15 
 
 s wliirli 
 1, ^vhere 
 TIjerc 
 situated 
 iriiigB of 
 licaitliy, 
 (unit of 
 t opjior- 
 
 |)OSt JJOCf 
 
 wiiilor to 
 he town 
 
 I, and 
 
 them!^p|vc<<. It is a cniidid nnd dispassionate desoiiptioii of the eomitry 
 and people.* 
 
 Many wlio Uavfi omifjrated to llic AmericitU States, after etiduiiii<^ tlie 
 atniosl. tiiti^iiP, liardship^, and privationi, in the dist.tnt iia( k settlenientt, 
 have perished , and many otliers tliat have siirvired, alter e.vhaustini; thtir 
 liltic property, have lieeii u^lad to pv to the haek settlninents of CanudiU 
 At tliis tinir, whilst the deluded nidtjcets of these realms are i;oinf; to tlie 
 United Statrs, many even of native Ameriea.are emi<j;ratiBg vj the Northern 
 I^riti^li Settlements. 'i'he horrid aeeonnts that have been made publttu 
 of the siirtcrings of Hiose who have arrived in America, are shocking to 
 hutnMhity. 
 
 Whilst ninnhers fall saerifnres to futigne, to want, and to the climate, and 
 others are lin<?ering out their miserable lives in the back country, tiie 
 British settKnientti atlord an opening to industrious people in healthy sU 
 tuatiiins on the sea-cost ; and 1 do not know any sit uation mon^ eligible than 
 tliat c'l' PniNCK I'.itwARu Is i, » sn, where Kiiirlisit /rtWAand f'.njjlisb customs 
 prevail; where new comers are treated with hospitality, nnd such aa are 
 industrious cannot fail of <ioin^ well. 
 
 1Mic price of lauds depend nnidi on the situation. It is usn.d for eacli 
 settler to take one or two hundred a<re« on the borders of the sea-coa»t. 
 
 • Take a small spei inuni of ilie munnvr in wliieli tiavellers are eiilrrtQiaetl 
 on the road of liiis land of plenty and lio'^pilitjily, as it lias been ternutd, 
 
 "At tive o'eloek iiitlir iveniuu," says the nairator, " I leaehid llie top of 
 the Alle^aniesi ; uur staiie \vai> tar behind. 'Iliis day I had walked sixteen 
 niilcii, I'Ik; Funnlain Inn is a miserable lofr-lniMse, or what yon would call a 
 do^-hole ; it wa-* crowded with emigrants. [ asked tor somethiiit; to eat, but 
 cc'mid only obtain for answer, ' i guei^s whiskey is the only lined we have on 
 sale.' I iiavo met with several instances when I have aiiked, 'have vou any 
 meat?' ' No.'— ' Fish ?' ' No'— ' (. heese ?' < No'— ' Iliscnits?' ' No,'— « I 
 will pay you any pi ice von please.' — ' I j|[iiesswe have only rum and whiskey 
 feed.' 'I'lie eharaeter of the inhaliitants appear eold, friendless, callous, and 
 selfish; all the eniii;rants I have eonvertcd with eoni|j|ain of the enoruiout 
 ciiarges. 
 
 " l-oj;-liouses are the only haliiiations for many miles ; they are formed of 
 trunks of trees. In some liooseK there are windows; in others a door per* 
 forms the doul)ie ottice. The cliinniey is ererte<l outside in a similar manner 
 as the body of the houses ; soiuc luive clay in their eliium(ys, a precaution 
 neee^sary in tlietje western |ialaees. 
 
 '* In suoie are two apart. neots, in others but one, for all the oj erations 
 of cooking;, eating, sleepiiij;, and washin^i;. 'I'he pigs al^u come in for their 
 share of the log resi'lenee. 
 
 " At the foul of the hill I eanic up with a woman and a ^irl with two in- 
 fants in their aims, which conu; (^to use their own language) "vroni Zouier- 
 setsliire in IIiiit;laiid." Understandin<; from my remarks, th it I had been in 
 their country, iliey spoke of it with heartfelt attachment, and were sorry 
 they had been persuaded to leave it. They had been told Aineiira was the 
 first place in the world, but they had experienced nothing but difficulties 
 since they had set their foot on it." I earnestly recommend the penisal of tills 
 publication to all those who coutenipUto oiuigration to the United States, 
 
IG 
 
 What iicallfd " front-lnntl," on navigable rivrrs, in Kninll qninititict, soils 
 for (in prime situulioiDt) from one to two jjiiinfiis \wr iicrc, frn-hohl ; or oit 
 leasf, to orcupy the hind lliirx- or tour yeiirs I'or nolliin;!, nnd pro'^'r«Nsivfly 
 iBcreasiim tVoin llnce pent*-, to two xliiiliii^N prr acn-, |n'r :ninnni ; 
 JaudM two or tlircr nults tVoni th*- ceust, or in lander (|n:iMli(ieN, si-ll nimli 
 
 cliea|it'i'. 
 
 Tin most nilvantaifcoHK !titualion»>, are t host' on ||<<- North and Kast vide 
 of the inland, on niioiint of the niunhcr of li^h ulikili rrri|nint that loast, 
 and wliirli art' a :;rial a.s.>.istanrt' to Bfw coniors. 
 
 Bndnqiif, \vlii>l> i»MitnalL'd on (iicsonth ttidr, and >o nun h rrconnnrndtd 
 i)V the uriliT alluilt'il to, In oiif of the worst sitnatioii<« on ||ii< island for 
 a new M'tth-r, as it im distant from thr tishcrirN. The qnahty of tin- lands 
 at BndaipM', are by no means snperior to the otlu-r parts of the isjantl. 
 
 It would (troliably Uo taking np loo nunh of yonr vahialtio pugos to 
 cuter more on tln< snbjeet at present ; but if tin- additional information I 
 can give ii> desirable, I will eontinne it in your ni;xt lunnlier. 
 
 Li the mean time, for the bettt^r information of those who wish to be ac- 
 quainted with the geography of I'rinee I'.dward Ihland, I refer them to a 
 map o<' that eolony, publislied by Laurie and Whittle, I'leet-strci-t; and 
 I subjoin the nanus of the prineipal proprieturv of lands resident in this 
 country, from whom sueh as ar<' disirous of purchasing or getting further 
 information nia\,l have no doubt, obtain what might be (Upended upon. 
 
 The Right Honourable the lOarl of Selkirk, whoso agent is .lohn Kieh- 
 nrdson, ilsq. No. .^ flndyer-strewt, Westminster, and whose agent on the 
 island is the Attorney-tieneral, Charlotte Town. 
 
 Sir James and Robert Montgomery, F-sq. son to the late Chief Raron of 
 6cotluud, Ctlinburgh, whose agent on the island is Mr. Curtis Stanhope, on 
 tlie north side of the island. 
 
 Lawrence Sidlivan, lOsq. Ilill-strret, nerke!ey-8«piare, wlios< agent on the 
 island is the Attorney tieneral. 
 
 John Hill, Esq, Rotherhitlie, Surrey, who carries on a mercantile eon- 
 cern on the island, and is in the habit of sending vessels evt-ry season, and 
 who has a son settled at Lewis Town, a (inw harbour on the north side 
 of the island. 
 
 The above gentlemen are the committee of proprietors I'or occasionally 
 eon-esponding with government, and arranging the public eoncems of 
 the island. 
 
 TWe month of Manii or Ai)ril is the best time of the year to embark for 
 tliat (oloiiy, as at these seasons easterly winds mostly prevail, and the 
 passage is frequently ni.ide in three veeks or a month. Vessels sail from 
 London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Dublin, Walerford, and many other 
 ports in Lngland, irciaiid, and Scotland. The i)assagc in tlie steerage is 
 
IT 
 
 :uillllin ; 
 II llllli'll 
 
 friMn riutit to ten poiiii.l.s; or, fiinlina lliuiiiiit'lvcs in jirnviHioim, ^rmn tour 
 <<> I'nc itomii's. 
 
 Cdhiii imssM.iiy;ors from fifteen to twr-iity poiiixU; rliildrfii uinlcr ucveii 
 yc;!r!i of ii'ic, liiilt'-|tri<'c. 
 
 Tlie Kuiiitr of AtMciiibly it rttiiriioil in tiie yrtnir niiinncr ns our ^^pm• 
 hcrti of Parliament. 
 
 TIh- ('ohNtitntion is tlic 8iim<' as tliaf r>f tin* motlior eountry. Hills must 
 jmss tlM'ouf;li tlie lloust* of AHNcmMy ami Kri;iHl:ilivi> Coniirjl ; and must 
 liavc llir asHont of the (lovt'rnor hrtVirte tlir\ can pnss into a law. lint any 
 law rfS|te<'tinK property must have u Hnspeniliii^ rlnuNe, ami \s n'l^atory 
 till it roceivos the royal Hsxent ; und nu law can he enatted that is con- 
 trary to tlip laws of I'nf^land. 
 
 There in only a tax of ten-pcnec per gallon on lum. 
 
 'I'he nnmher of Indian families iloes not exceed one hinidred; they are 
 of tUe trilM'of Miekmaci, and were converted to the Roman Catholic reh^ion 
 when the French were in possession of the island; they have huilt them- 
 selves a very decent chnpel, and are a i|iiiet liainilcss pi i|)ie. 
 
 Their principal residence is on Lenox iNJaiul, in Kichniond Hay, on the 
 north side, where some of them raise cum and potatoes, 'i'hey maintain 
 IhemselvM in the sprinj,', suumer, and aummn, principally hy fisliini^; 
 and in the winttr l>y cuttini^ timhcr and fire-wood tor the inhaliit'iits. 
 Charlotte Town is principally sup|>lietl with fire-wood cut by Ihcni. 
 
 To this aecount I can add with truth that this island is not subject to 
 Col's which infest NevvfoiMidlainl, Nova Scotia, New lirunswick, and the 
 Hurruundint; count^ry ; a fuggy dav being looked on as a .<jlrange phenome- 
 non in Prince Kdward Island. 
 
 I would particularly advise every person who intends to embark for 
 Prince Cdward Island, or any other country, to be very carcl'id to apply 
 to some rospectable ship-broker, or shiii-owuer ; a*, if he en|af;es his pas- 
 sage with people of this description, he will have a security for a proper 
 supply of provisions, as the accounts of the sniterings of unfortunate cmi- 
 !;rai>t8 who have gone out in American ships, are most distressing. The 
 law has provided for a due supply of provisions and water, as will a|>pear 
 l)\ the following exlrai t from the act of a? (Jco. III. Cap. 10, by which 
 it is enact^'d, "that every ship or vessel carrying passengers from the United 
 Kingdom to certain of his Majesty's colonies in North America, shall carry 
 lie more passengers than one adult person, or three children, to cvary ton and 
 half burthen; and that every ship shall be furnished at the time of her 
 de|>arture with twelve weeks' provisions, and good and sweet water, suffi- 
 cient to allow each passenger five pints per day, (exclusive of the crew) and 
 «uch i supply of provisions us will ulFurd an allowance for every passenger 
 
18 
 
 (rxcluiivc of the crpw) tliiriiig !(>»• period of twrlvf wofks, of oiu' pound of 
 bread or himiiit, oiu- iionml of href or llirrc qiiiirtcrN of a pound of pork, 
 |)erdny; iiml mIho IwopouiidHof flour, or llirrr pmuiilM of oiilincal, rirr, or 
 barley, nnd liall n pound of huttcr weekly ; tin; allowiince lo couiineucc on 
 tlie diiy file vessel puis to sea, nud thnt the niiisfrr or ufher persous limiiifj 
 cliarac of the v( ssel to whieli the pastsenj^ers have recourse, iu lailure of 
 not duly MTving the quantity of provisious ahove nuntioiud, tthall forfeit 
 jflO for every day he omitB tlie siimc." 
 
 The prineipa! ports to whieli vessels trade at Prince Eikianl Island nro 
 CiiARi.oTTK Town, the seat of ;;overnnient, in the Soiith-I'iist jtart of the 
 island ; Mirry Harbour, and Thri:»: Uivkhs, on tlie Tast mido ; ihcii* 
 MONO Uav, and IIom.ano Harbour, or CAKCUMi-Kr, on the North »idej 
 and BuDAituF. on the South side. 
 
 Chari.ottk Town is the only plate on the ishind that ean be deemed a 
 town. There is a spneious l'!n{j;lisli ehiiirh, a iuetho<)ist luretin^s and :% 
 Roirt^.n r'atholic chapel, tliout;h yet it lan lioast hut tew <l\velliiig houses. 
 I cauiiot .slate the preeisn nuniher, luit coiieeive they do not niiieh exceed 
 three hundred. The Governor and officers necensary for a company of 
 refnilars, aiu' a few artillerymen, which is all there are in the colony, re- 
 f<ide in tiu; liarra* ks. The rest of the hou>r8 are principally inhahited by 
 the otticers of government and thow; connected with tiiem, and liy mer- 
 chants and store keepers. There are several tolerable taverns and public- 
 houses, at which the cliar;j;e» are far more reasonable than iu this country. 
 The liarlnuir is a very excellent one for vessels of any burthen; but it is 
 very iuconvenieiit for the fisheriee, and I tlo not consider it a good bi- 
 tuation lor trade. 
 
 Mi.RRAY Hariiouk Oil the ;]ast, is a good harbour for vessels of a 
 moderate draughts of water. The only business carried on there is hy Mtssrs. 
 Raniut'l (Hid Artiiniis Cambi'ulire, one of whom resides at Bristol, and the 
 other at Charlotte Town ; they have a saw-mill and a grist-mill, and their 
 principal l)nsiiies!j lays in the timber trade, which they have carried on to 
 a eousideraI)le extent. A great number of people from Clueriisey went 
 there some years since, and I am told are well settled, thriving, and 
 satisfied with their situation. I believe most of the front laml thereabouts 
 u occupied. 
 
 TuRrF. KiVF.RS is a very fine harbour, iiiid will admit vessels of 
 large draughts of water. The chief person carrying on business there is 
 Mr. Anderson M'Donald who is also engaged in the trade of timber. 
 Tlie adjacent lands belong to ditl'erent |)roprictorR, and I believe are 
 thinly peopled. The place called George Town iu the map, is « scttl«ment 
 M'here there are only two or three houses. 
 
 Richmond Bay is of considertble extent, and has water for a vesst:! 
 
 sue 
 dis 
 
 to 
 
 cat 
 
 pla 
 
 ot 
 
 dc 
 
19 
 
 
 ; 
 
 i1rAwiii|iC nljont wvoiilcen (voi. The <iirrriilM tlifro run vrry mpid, niifl 
 lliiTL' is sdiiHliint'M n vrry iomhIi sfit in it, 'I'lic nIi:iIIu>v wiitrr roiiixl tlio 
 hiiy o.xtoiiili It guixl ilist:>iiri' olV, ;iit(l tin it* is no ntvi'\\ |i|:irc to laiiil or 
 t>iiil>iirk, \\lii<'li rciiilns il s( r\ iii'-Kiariiiciil fix- boatH iiiiil slii|i|iiii;;. 'I'liis 
 bay is vrry Ciivoiiralily Nitinilctl lor \iti' lishcry, aiiti in tlir N|)riii;| of tlie 
 yenr ih visited hy iiiiiiiciiMi- hIioiiIs of iicrrin^s. 
 
 All Island al tlif ndranri- of the liay, <ail( d I'i-i/uri/ /%/«W, Iwlonijiriff 
 to Mr. Hill, is a iiio.sl i oiivriilciil jilacc lur <aii\iii^ on llic rod or iuirriiiff 
 (islirry. 'I'ln' lands ronntl tin- liay hulmii; to various iirojuii tor.", itiul 
 iniii'li of tlie front IiumIn arc o<'('n|ii<d; l>nt tlitro \n a iaruc rivtr i:i\Ud 
 I'.llis Uiva; on till' liaiiks of which tlicrc arc nian> Nitnatioiis still vacant. 
 Upon the jilacc marked riiiMF. 'J'own in tin; tiiart, tlieri; is not more 
 than a few liousi's, wliieji iir<: at a \^vv\\\ distance from each other. There 
 are likewise a nnndier uf houveft scattered ahoiit in the nei;.^ldionrhoo(l, 
 aii'l a ver\ spai ions Preshyfcrian eiiiireli standi* near about the centre of 
 tlicni. 
 
 ilui.i.AM) Ua V, or (' vs(iMr:.( , is n very safe and elif>ible harbour for 
 vessels dra« ini; sc\cntcen feet of water, 'i'hey can lay to loud and mi- 
 load aliii>;;side a point of land in the harbour, nt which there is four 
 fitiioms ofwatcr, uilli as nnich ion venience as laying at a ((uiiy, or in the 
 LondtJii l)ork>. This harboi:r is excellently lalenhded for trad(! in the 
 ver> centre of the lisherits; and, like Richmond iJay, is in tlie Sprinjr 
 visited by iMi)digious shoals of herrings, which are taken with little trou- 
 ble or ♦■xiprri"!'. 
 
 Some part of the front lands are occupied, but tlierc are very large Iracta 
 on the b.iiiks of three navigable riversi, one of which runs through the 
 centre of the lands. There is a saw-mill nnd n ^rist-mill iieic, and the 
 couidr> surroundiiiy; this harbour has a far greater (pianlity of marketable 
 tindu r tlnn any other part of the island, which is a great advanta;;e to (he 
 settlers, who in the winter time cut it down nnd deliver it in payment for 
 such supplies as they have received from the proprietor's stor<s, and in 
 tlischari^e of their rent. The tradt; in timber is carried on here with much 
 •pirit by Mr.TIillof Lomlon, wliose son generally resides upon thespot. 
 
 Goods are imported by Mr. Hill direct from Kngland, and credit is given 
 to 8ueli as are industrious, till by their crops and cutlini; tind»er, they 
 can pay for the same. There is likewise a eod-fisliery carried on at thia 
 place, which will, in process of time, bo extensive. There arc several 
 other harbours on the North side, though none of thrni have sulfleient 
 depth of water at the entrance for any but small v<'ss«!ls. St. Peter's, or 
 Savage Harbour; Tranedie, or Bedford Uay ; liustico, or Harris Bay; 
 New London, or Greuville Bay, on each of those harbours there is mueh 
 unoccupied land to ditpoKC of. The priucipnl proprietor at St. Peteu's is 
 
2i) 
 
 n ^Tr. Wutrvf, n nu'iiiln-nirilir Iloiiw of ANM'iitlity. At UuitTicd, lln' prin-' 
 
 • i|>iil |<ri>)ii'i<'ti)r In h Mi, lloilijis of Clicimtow, who Iiiih iiii iiKriit, Mr. 
 lUt'liiird ItdlliiiK'it rcsiiliiii; iit t!ir ••ritlinii'iit. il<- liim ii •uw-iuill and cnr- 
 tit'k 1)11 It t iiil-li^lin \, At N»:w |,(iMi)oN tli<' |iiinri|iiil prupritlur i* Luiv 
 rvncf Snilknit, I'.sij. Iljll ktreit, IJ(rk«'l«'y-'*<|tinn'. 'I'Immu in ii •iiw-niill at 
 (lib |>iirl Ix-liiiiixhi;; Ut Mr. ( '.iiiilii'iil/i'. 'I'liii niljitcnil roiiiilr) lo Iti.li- 
 iiiutitl liny riiiiNi.itN cil' M-vrriil IiiIh ni' l.iiitl li('li>ii^iii){ i hji^tly lo I.iMvn'iiri 
 .Siilliviiii, l!i>(|. Sir .liiiiirN :iii(l Itolitrt Miiiit|ii<itiM'r>, \\r^v\. nun* uf tiic lule 
 I'liicf I). iron nl' Si(i(|iiii(l, iiinl ('a|il liii ScMiiDiir nl lliniiivy. 
 
 At IV. M I 'r«>>\ N ill tlii^ lla), nttitlis t'liarNs Sifwiiit, ['m\, a tna^rivtriitr 
 ami I'oldiiel III' Hit' iiiilitiii ; he uiis rtiriiicrlv a niciiilirr of lUo IIoiim- of 
 A«Nniilily, ill \>iiirli lie has ri-.tiffiiril liii M.it, ami hat lit rii Niirrriulcil hy 
 liiN MOM, Mr. DiiH^ald Slewarl. 'I'lio ('hIiiihI in a iito^t \\ortliy and r«- 
 ii;i(.'i-talilf mail, and always niiily lo ;;i\i- iiiriiniialinii and ailvi«r, mid lii>> 
 iiiformalioii may lie i(!ii<d on ; In- is raiiud for liospitality, and ahvay'M 
 ready lo y^wv. assiKlani'i' to any Hi, it lit- liiid.s dcMrrvin-; il. 
 
 Of lloM, AMI II iKiioiiR, Mr, Hill xhWw xoIc proprit'lor, alMoof the whole 
 of till' Mirroiihdiiii; lands ; he liaM an aKi-iit who roiidiK In liiit biiNiiicM thrrr, 
 and a store ami Mliip is kept for Miippl\iii;; the Nettlers with neto»harits of 
 < very dritiript inn, and he reeeiviM in payment the produce of tlieir farms, 
 or tiniher <ul down in the winter. 
 
 VliLs ami iiiijHt other parts of the inland are ph>nlifnlly mipplied witli 
 Sjiriii^s of e\<illeiit water, and an amiilr* supply of well-water inuy bc at- 
 t 'iiied liy ili;;:;iii^ from six lo ei^lit I'ei ! deep. 
 
 At Hi oAiji i:, Hie iniiieipal person in a Mr. Cn/njiM/, who ha« earrietl 
 on u siieeessfiil trade in tiinlier. I Liiow of no a-xenl Mtnated there for 
 I(.ttli:i; till! I.iiidx, and appii'heiid Hiegreiiter part of (he licst situations are 
 ;»lii idj occupied. 
 
 HaviiiL' iiisiited from that \ery respcctjiile. publication, the Euro/nan 
 Mti^(iriiii,u\oti\ particiilirs neeesiaiy to lie known reNpeeliii}; the general 
 cpialilies of the island, which are very eoriecHx btated, as well as the names 
 of the most ri.spei tnlili proprietors, and as it is not my Intention to write 
 for any lnit such as ititi ml to eniijri^ae there, 1 shall now add some advice 
 to the ininriMation already ^ivcn. 
 
 To «ii( Il as esniiot resii^n for a time their joint of inenf, or beef-steak, 
 every day, with white bread and butter, and the social intereonrse of a 
 ciruie of fririiiLi and ae*|iiaiiitaiii'e, toj^etlier with what is denomiiiHted 
 r]ii^lisli eoinfoits, I would reoomniend them to titay at home. In u new 
 country they must, for a period, endure privations before they can aeqniro 
 (III III ; but such who will make up their minds (in the absence of all the 
 liiMiiics and sii|ioifliiilics of the table) to put up with frequent dinners of 
 liih niul potatoes with brov^u bread, and live in u bouiic without yluit- 
 
21 
 
 tni'tl Willi, dr pniirrcJ rooiim, wli<>re tm-ivty at proieiil it tliiiily tratUred* 
 ami wliourc tlvtrriiiiiiril to exert thfiniiitlvM for n few yran, tii|i|)ortrd by 
 tlif coiiaolinK niiiiiriaicc of fiitiiri' comfurt aiiil iii(l«f|M!ii<l(>n(-f. Princb 
 I'.nHAHi) Imlanh oflTiin rvtiry tliin|{ tliitt inch a |>einoii chii renionubly 
 wiali lor or lirpc to rvt'fivc. 
 
 IVrauiii who «'iin «iffrny tlit* cxprnie oftlirlr paiiagf, nnd tnkr nbout .f .'lO 
 witli tlivin, inuy get on rupiUly, mhI, it prudi>iit, loun rruliie un iiidc- 
 
 JX"!!!!! IM«'. 
 
 i'hdiH! who hitvi! iiolliin|{ more thnii bar«>ly enough to transport them to 
 tho iitluiiii, iiiUNt, lit the ioiinncnccniriit of their Ciireer, npply u portion of 
 their work Cur miiinteuiiiKe by working forotlirritt »ii(I if they lettb; where 
 the proprietor li:iii an nt;«Mit ami nn e.ituhliiiiimcnt, they will ri-ceive aa- 
 aiHtiinoe by hnving a Iioum; built fur tenipurnry ixconunoilution, und a few 
 ticrcK of Innil rlcnred for immrdiatc cidtivntion. There are some apota of 
 htnd thiit liitve i>ren rifured to the extent of ton or tweiity acres, whiflu 
 by paying an iiMessad prit-r, a i<cw M'ttlor may obtain ; but, in (;;encrnl, the 
 country h i-overed witli wood, and one wlio takes land of this descriptiou 
 haa to build, or i^et built, a lu^-house, which conaiata of the trunks of 
 pine and spruce trees placed one above the other, and dnve-tailed at the 
 end, whicli forms the walls ; the size of these houses arc connnonly from 
 eighteen to twenty feet long, and about fourteen feet square ; a largo Are* 
 placets made at one end, much like n country flre-place in this kingdom } 
 it is built with atone and clay, and the chimney of the same materials. 
 
 The inaidc is partitioned otf for bed-places according to the size of the 
 family. The logs forming the walls are soiuctimes hewn square, but more 
 frequently left round and the chinks filled up with clay, which is always 
 at hand, and they are rendered dry, comfortable, and warm. 
 
 A houae built in thia manner coat* from eight to ten pounds ; but it is 
 much the custom for those already settled to assist a new comer with 
 roluntecr labour, and it not unfrequcntly happens that a house is run up 
 for his use in a few days. 
 
 The next step ia to clear the land, as it is tenr ->d, and it is very common 
 to get some volunteer assistance in this likewioo. The mode is to cut 
 down the trees to about two feet from the ground, lopp off* the 4imba, and 
 cut the trunk into lengths of about fourteen feet, and pile them ready for 
 burning, aftfr which they make " a burn" as they term it. An expert 
 axe*man will cut about an acre per week, lopping the limbs and piling 
 them for burning, as before mentioned ; there is scarce any underwood. 
 The common price for this operation ia from twenty to twenty-one ahillings 
 per acr& The next operation is to bum the limbs and trunks over the 
 space thus cleared* which ameliorates the soil, and makes it flt for cuiti- 
 
28 
 
 
 vaUon. Tlir. Miinips remain, and wUh a »rnall plough the surface i* 
 8tirrf«] ; it is tiicii fropjH'il with potatoes, or <'«'rii, or both. 
 
 TliR top soil, from the fulhiip: aiiti roltiiii* of llie leavt„ on the surfhi-r, 
 «'oiisist« of very ii^ood vei^etabln nioi\hl, iiiid the burning lias the same 
 efl'ect as a loii;^ exposure to (lie sun, inul it \\\U by tills uicans produce 
 excellent crops. 
 
 At first it will appear singular to au llnropoaii flirmer to begin plough* 
 ing and hanowiii;; betnceu Miiinps of tici.s, but wluii he finds how 
 easily this is performed, (the trees ^rowiu^' some distance asunder,) and 
 when he has had a view of liic crops so prodiiued, he will be well sa- 
 tisfied with thi£ rou^h comnicm enieiit 
 
 After a few years the roots rot sutlicii ntly (o lie easily removed, and 
 in the mean time the industrious settler i^tot s ci to cleiir more land, that is 
 to say, cut down trees and burn for a fuilher extcnsiofi, I consider tliat 
 five acres so cleared will prodme jilcnly of corn and potatoes to feed a 
 tolerable family, and with the (piantity of fish which is at iiai. 1, mid 
 taken with little trouble, if they can in the be<;inning put up with thi* 
 kind of food, they will at once Ix secured from ^vant. A i)ortion of the 
 settler's time, who has no capital, ninsf inMcssarily, as before mentioned, 
 be applied to working for others, in order to provide himself witli tea, 
 sugar, rum, and other articles he canno* powibly have by him ; but this 
 must depend on his fixing on a situation .vhere fisliisto be taken in the 
 vicinity, and where there is a store kept bclonj^iiig to a proprietor likely 
 to give him encouragement, which he cannot fail of receiving if ho is 
 patient and industrious. 
 
 Before his rents become payable he may, by industry, not only 
 TP.alize a sum to pay, but acquire the comforts of jiood living ; he will 
 moreover enjoy the satisfaction of seeing the value of Ids lands yearly in- 
 creasing, tis he cuts down the trees and extends his ( learaiice, and he will 
 be secure from want w hen by increase of years his strength fails. These 
 operatio'is, to men bred to fanning in England, where he has been accus* 
 tomed to a clear tilth and level surface, will appear awkw ard at first sight, 
 [lerhaps more so to one brought up in the business of agriculture alone, 
 and who knows little of the use of the hatcliet; but, as a short practice* 
 animated by the cheering consideration that they* are working for their 
 own benefit, a«d securing for themselves and families a future inde* 
 pendeiice, soon reconciles them to every difficulty attendant on the practice 
 of Aiuerican cultivation. In fUct, this is not only the case with husband" 
 men, but with labourers and mechanics, who never knew any means of 
 raising meat but by paying for it. at the butcher's stall, or of bread than 
 from the weekly denjandb oi" the baker j but the nr.ijority of those who «re 
 
23 
 
 now settled in Prince F.Jviard Island upon cultivated lanils, n^ver liaiidleil 
 it spado, or S'cld a pluiigli, till iiei-eitsity or chuicv iiiiiallcd tliein to do 
 HO. One of tlic moat necessary uccornplislinieiits is the exercise of the 
 axe, at which tlic colonists are iiiicotiiinonly dexterous, and I have seen 
 people from England, Scotland, and Ireland, who, in the counc of a few 
 months, have become very expert, not only in cutting down trec<, bat 
 lopping and squaring them after, in the winter time; and, in settlements 
 where there is timber fit for exportation, to rut it and deliver it to the 
 proprietor, wlio will accept it in payment fuk' rent or goods. It is a most 
 beneficial employment. 
 
 Another consideration deserving the attention of an emigrant, is to 
 settle where he can liave an opportunity of cutting some gnus for hay* 
 to supply a cow or two in the beginning, or any other cattle he might 
 have, till he can raise upland (;raas for their support. Holland Bay is 
 protected from tiu; sea by a very extensive range of sand bills, and which 
 is covered with long coarse grass, intermixed with a kind of wild pea or 
 tare; this m:kes very good fodder for the winter, and '.he proprietor per- 
 mits his tenants to cut a portion, taking half the hay for permitting them 
 to do CO. It l> 1 been too much a practice for settlers, instead of raising 
 hay on their own farms, to depend too long on this source of aiipply. 
 In fact, I have obs^^rved in this colony so general a want of emulation* 
 that by far the greater number continue satisfied with their original log- 
 house, and after clearing a sufficient quantity of land to supply them with 
 food, and purchase the commonest necressaries of life, with a plentiful stock 
 of rum and tobacco, (to the use of which the majority are much addicted,) 
 they make no more improvment, spending much of their time in fishing, 
 fow ling, and other amusements, and what they call frolicking. This latter 
 fun is greatly practised by those settlers who are the descendants of the 
 French, and who were the inhabitants of the island before it was occu- 
 pied by the English. Great part of the inhabitants of Bedford Bay, Rut- 
 tico, and Holland Bay, consist of this dr "icription of people, who, when 
 their corn is in the ground in a quantity equal to their annual supply, 
 visit each other at the most distant settlements, iitid lose more time in 
 enjoyment than the most afiluent people in this country consume on their 
 pleasures ; and, it is onmnioii to sec those who have been settled twenty 
 years, still remain in their original log habitatiou, and without having 
 cleared p^ore land than they might have done in as many weeks, and oo 
 which they practice the most miserable mode of agriculture, raisiug crop 
 after crop on the same spot, of the same kind of grain, withoot a particle 
 of manure. Such is the 'jrce of habit, and particularly where there i* a 
 want of esample to excite emulrti'>n. This ia the more culpable, as there 
 
24 
 
 \» no want of a market. Prince Edward Jtland ii most fortunately attuated 
 iu that reapect, Newfoundland, which now eonaista of 40,000 resident iii- 
 habitaiita, (indepeiidant of the great number carried there ft-om England 
 and Ireland, who are only employed in the flsberies during the summer 
 montiis, umi return to Europe iu th; fiili,) produces no corn or cattle, nor 
 any other productiou but a few potatoes, carrots, and other vegetables. 
 
 Bread, flour, beef, pork, and pease, are carried there from England and 
 Ireland; and, in some years, when these articles are scarce from accident or 
 ahort importation, permission is given to import from the United Statea. 
 All theae articles may be raised at a cheaper rate by far at Printb Edward 
 Island, and transported there at a much less expense, the distance from 
 Newfoundland being not more than than three or four days' sail. There is 
 now scarce a single district in the island without a grist mill ; the farmers 
 arc ncv<-r at a loss to sell their corn, and by a little more industry on the 
 part of the inhabitants, flour and biscuit for the supply of Newfoundland 
 will soon be an article of export as well as beef and pork, live cattle, 
 turnips and potatoes; a considerable quantity of the last three articlea 
 are annually sent to Newfoundland, and in a short time a trade will be 
 opened from this colony to the British West India Islands, who are in waut 
 oi all kinds of produce which this island is calculated io produce for their 
 supply. What more can an industrious man require than fertile lands, si- 
 tuated in the vicinity of trade and navigation, at a rent little more than 
 nominal, free from taxes, and a healthy climate. 
 
 The best criterion of the latter is the large families of children who grow 
 up healthy and strong, and a at very early age are an assistance instead of 
 burthen to their parents. It is a very common thing to see fiunilies of 
 ten and twelve children, and grandsire, smany near one hundred years old, 
 and some excccdiit"; it, stout and healthy. 
 
 Yet 1 have heard some complain ef the high rent, but it hai been auch as 
 have occupied their farms ten or twenty years, many of whom have not 
 in cultivation more than Ave or aix acres, spending but a small portion of 
 their time in labour, and the remainder in idleness if not profligacy. 
 
 Let me advise the emigrant to be cautious, and not for the sake of what 
 is called cheap land, to settle himself ifi a situation at a distance from the 
 places calculated for trade, the difference between a shilling per acre and two 
 shillings shouUI not be regarded in comparison with a more eligible station, 
 where he ii> to spend Ills lifie, and his posterity perhaps after him. The 
 neighbourhood of the fisheries is most desirable, as it not only afibnh 
 immediate sustenance for a new comer, but aa population increasea. Will 
 be the means of extensive commerce, and the consnmptkMa of the produce 
 iji the farms; a striking proof of the sitinktion of this island beinf oiif of 
 
25 
 
 J 
 
 the best itationa for the fishing it, that it not unfrcqucntly happeni that 
 forty or fifty schoonen, which come all the way from tlic United States, 
 are seen at anchor finhiiig otf Holland IIaruouii and tho north purt of 
 the island. 
 
 I have been induced to write this liosty sketch from .seeing so much in 
 the pubHc prints lately on the subject of cniigrati()ii, nnd us tlie season is 
 now fast approaching for those who mean to remove, to make arrangements 
 and enter into engagements, I have devoted a few hours front important 
 concerns to the task, and though I am conscious it is destitute of tliut ar- 
 rangement which should be observed by an author who writes for public 
 i'lspection, my only object has been to give correct information, par- 
 ticularly with respect to Prince Edward Island. I can with cuniidcnce 
 assert that every thing I have stated respecting that colony is strictly true, 
 and I have not asserted a single article but what I can vouch for from 
 my own personal experience. 
 
 I shall conclude by stating, that there yverc several farnting men went 
 from Yorkshire to the island about three years ago, and having remained 
 there a sufficient time to satisfy themselves of the advantages of the country, 
 they returned to England for their wives and families, which they took 
 out with them, accompanied I y sixty of their acquai.itance, who embarked 
 /rom Hull, all of whom ace comfortably settled, and highly satisfied with 
 the change they have made. 
 
SAILING DIRECTIONS 
 
 rOR TUB 
 
 Coast and Harbour 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ISLAND OF PRINCE EDWARD. 
 
 TflE ISLAND OF PRINCE EDWARD is clear of fogs, though the 
 «irroiin«1ing coasta of Nova Scotia, Ca{% Breton, and New Firunswick, arc 
 frequently covered with it; there is a striking constrast between it and the 
 latter, and the first appearance is like a large forest rising out of the sea, 
 and is a beiuitiful object ; in a nearer view the Red Cliffs appear, which 
 surround great part of the toa»t, they are not highj the lands, except 
 wlierc farms are cleared, are covere<l with lofty trees, and the range of 
 »und hills which border a considerable part of the north side arc covered 
 witli long grass and wild pease. 
 
 Vfssfl.s coming from the Eastwanl boimd to Thrfe Rivkrs or Murray 
 H.iRnouR, must avoid coming too near the East Point, at which is a ridge 
 of sunken rocks, running oil" about a mile ; the ground is clear between 
 the East-Point and the Wood Islands, and there is three fathoms water 
 all the way near the shore and good anchoring. 
 
 A'essels bound to Charlotte Town, or ^)as8ing through the Straits of 
 Northumberland, must be careful to avoid the Indian rocks, which are 
 covered at high water, and in the night it will be advisable to keep on the 
 Nova Scotia side, near the Island of Pictou. 
 
 CAUUIGAN BAY, or the THREE RIVERS, lies between Broughton 
 Island and Panmure Island; it is the common entrance of three rivers; 
 namely, Cardigan River, Brudnell River, and Montague River; in the 
 former there arc from seven to three fathoms of water, and in the others 
 from four to two. In those many large ships have laden timber. There ia 
 anihorage without in Cardigtin Bay, where a pilot may be obtaioed. 
 
 '. 
 
27 
 
 (lioiigli the 
 iiswick, arc 
 I it and the 
 of the sra, 
 >ear, which 
 tJs, except 
 e range of 
 re covered 
 
 r Murray 
 
 li is a ridge 
 ir between 
 Dms water 
 
 : Straits of 
 which are 
 Ji'P on the 
 
 troughton 
 PC rivers; 
 r; in the 
 :he others 
 There is 
 [1. 
 
 MURRAY HARBOUR is close to Uie Norlh-West-Point of Bear Cape, 
 the entrance is narrow and shoal, diflicuU of access, and not having; 
 more than twelve feet of water j but small ships have frequently loaded 
 there. 
 
 UILLSBOROUOH BAY and CHARLOTTE TOWN HARBOUR. 
 The bay and entrance of the harbour is correctly laid down in the chaj^ 
 published by Mr. Laurie. After passing the fort a quarter of a mile up» 
 towards the entrance of York Uivor, as there is a shoal of ground runt 
 some distance off the opposite shore, anchor off the town in six or eight 
 futhonis of water. 
 
 BEUEQUC BAY, which lies between Cape Egmont and Carletao 
 Point, has good anchoring ground in from six to eight fathoms. The 
 harbour will admit ships of 400 tons burthen. 
 
 The above account of Three Rivers, Murray Harbour, and Bedequc, is 
 copied from Sailing Directions published by Mr. Holme Laurie, the 
 author not having surveyed these three ports. 
 
 Ships going through the Streights of Northumberland, bound to HoU 
 land Ha. our, or any port on the north side, must be careful to give the 
 North Caj e of the Island a goo<l birth, as the sunken rocks run off full 
 two miles; all the rest of the coast of the north side of the island is per> 
 fectly clear of foul ground, till within a quarter of a mile of the nhote, 
 and there is good anchorage, as near the shore is three fathoms of water. 
 
 The only harbours on the north side of the island for ships of large burthen 
 are Holland Harbour and Riclunoud Bay, and off both these harbours the 
 sand-banks, which form the bars, run off more than a mile from the shore. 
 Ships from the Eastward bound to harbours on the north side, if the wind 
 is favourable, should prefer sailing down the North Coast to thut of going 
 through the Streights of Noitliumberland, not only on account of sea-room, 
 but as the most prevailing winds are from the west, they may run down the 
 coast till they approach Richmond Bay, to within a mile of the shore. 
 
 ST. PETER'S is the first harbour coming from the Eastward, which 
 it only At for small vessels. The bar runs out about a quarter of a mile. 
 
 The next is TRACADY or BEDFORD BAY, which has about eight 
 or ten feet of water on the bar, which runs oil' half a mile. 
 
 RU8TICO or HARRIS BAY, is very shallow on the bar, only cal- 
 culated to admit fishery schooners. The bar runs off near half a mile. 
 
 NEW LONDON, or GRENVILLE BAY, has about eight or ten 
 feet of water, but the bar is very difficult. It runs off near half a mile. 
 
 RICHMOND BAY, or MALPEC, is a spacious harbour, has about 
 •evcuteen or eighteen feet upon the bar; the sands, which form the bar, 
 CUD «u.re than a mile off tlie harbour. The shouh on each side arc ^e- 
 
28 
 
 nerally disccrnnhle from (he swell on them, and the coune in and oufia Wcit 
 and Eant } a venae] nnchoriiig off tlie bar will have a pilot come off. The;« 
 are two tiiitrniu-cs into the Hny, between which it Finbery Island. The 
 Eastern eiitr:iii(«< b the only (.haiinel by which a vessel of bnrtheu can 
 enter, the Wo&trrn channel being very shallow and hitricate. 
 
 Vesflels iisuully roniplitc their loathiig about a mile inside Fishery Island, 
 but there is » ronsidcrnlile current runs there, and rafts of timber fre- 
 quently brcuk adrift iu bluning weather, and oil the ebb tide arc carried to 
 •en, and frequently n great part lost. The anchorage is good, and vessels 
 lay in jicrftM t siifety. 
 
 HOLLAND MAimOUn, or CASCUMPEC, is the Westernmost hnr- 
 bour on tlie i.orth side; the sands form a bitr as at Hiehmond Ray, and run 
 off about a utile and a hnlf; the harbour is easily known by the sand-hills 
 which run alon^ Uie const, about half way between the entrance of Rich- 
 mond Bay and llollnud Harbour is a snnd-hill, much higher than the rest, 
 near Conwny iiilct. Ilolhtiid H.iy may be known by itn being at the wi^t 
 end of all the nuigc of Nund-hiUs. There is good anchomge chise to thu 
 bar, in from live to eight fathoms. There is eighteen feet of water on 
 the bar, and it is not diflicult for a stranger to run in with a ship not 
 drawing more than twelve feet of water, there Iteing two leading mark* 
 painted white, bearing W< by N. by compass) a vessel of this draft, keeping 
 the two marks iu one, with a leading wind, might run in with perfect 
 safety; but, iis these marks will carry a vessel over the aoath tail of the 
 northern sand, vessels drnn ing more than twelve feet should not vcnturt 
 without a pilot. There is a buoy on the end uf the South Sand ) between 
 that and the tail of North SlionI is eighteen feet of water. Vessels entering 
 the port, drawing more than twelve feet of water, should not bring the 
 narks in one till they are within this biiny. The ainndings off the harbour 
 are regular, and the ground clear. Ships comiDy to anchor off tlie bar 
 will have a pilot come off. 
 
 There is shallow water between the outer haHour and the inner bar- 
 bflur, on which is about fourteen feet of water in common tidet} ves* 
 sets generally load to thirteen feet in the inner harbour, and complete 
 their cargoes in the outer; iu the former they lay along side a wharf at 
 Hill's Town in t'oiir fathoms water, where they lay without an|r current as 
 in a dock ; in the outer harbour the tide runs strong at spring tidea* but the 
 water is sninoth, the sea being broke off by the bar. The cnrrents 
 round the island are very irregular, fVcquently running many days ^long 
 tlie North Coast froai East to Weat, and at other tiroea from West 
 to East. 
 
 'I'lie tidcfl nl.^o in the north side porta are irregular, except ak spring* 
 
 u 
 
90 
 
 loutia Wc*t 
 off. The?e 
 •land. Tlip 
 >nrtheii can 
 
 liery liland, 
 
 timber frp- 
 
 re carried to 
 
 and vesacli 
 
 minokt hnr- 
 ay, and run 
 If sand-hillt 
 ICC of Ricli- 
 in the rest, 
 at the wi»t 
 ;)u«e to the 
 f water on 
 I a ship not 
 Jing mark* 
 ift, keeping 
 rith perfect 
 b tail of the 
 Mot vcntur* 
 I } betwee* 
 iU entering 
 t bring the 
 be harbour 
 Dff tiie bar 
 
 tide, lometimea Bowing for forty-eight houra, and at other times not 
 three ; in common tides the water seldom rises more than two fiet ; and 
 in spring tides (except in strong winds from the southward and eastward) 
 not more than flyc feet. Holland Harbour is the most convenient part in 
 tlie island for loading timber, where there is a very large quantity, aUo 
 a saw-mill for cutting plank and board. 
 
 There is a complete and very accurate chart of the island published 
 by Mr. Richard Holmes Laurie, Chart-seller to the Admiralty, No. 53, 
 
 Fleet Street. 
 
 The yariation of the compaiN after pauing Cape Breton to the westward, 
 and about Prince Island, is eighteen degrees West. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 ! ioner h^r- 
 tides J yes* 
 i complete 
 • wharf at 
 ' current as 
 en, iMitthe 
 le rnrrents 
 days ^long 
 rom M'^est 
 
 at spring* 
 
 SEYFANG, rrinter.New Castle Street, Fleet Market,