A^ <\y.. ^ -;,v ^^ ^>T^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A o

m, and the church and sehoolhous-e lajre every- where the evidelnce of the of a na- tionality were r'sing in Canada. Can- axi(a was Icoking wiest\v^ard, ajnd the handful ol Selkirk tettlervs were louk- hilg to the east ; leaders of thought in tlie Maritime provinces were aJdvocat- ivg: a ronnection with Oanaxla, and Cariftfdian etate.'-men visited the sea- board to rieoiproclatie thus risinig inter- est. THie thought of the Hcattered cliildren of Britain on this continent was to join their fortftnes under the goo 1 mother's smile, ainl to 1 e no more .sfattere ' wiaifs but a happy and united family. Ffi'W of u.*. *\saw, tlie vision oif the world, ntid all t1i^> w,Quder that would l^e," but we have lived to feel that "t,he thoU|ghts of m.6 1 are wd>deu(p'l with th.i' pr of the suns." In the union o! the four original provlmes, iiiid afterwards by the gradual addi- tion of tfio.«>e outlying, the national life has grown, by triia,l it Inus I eeii pnrifiefd, and by succe-weuf it iKa^ beeju Ktreiigtheined, till Ave have the ula- tioiKi! spirit mianifestiiiig itf-eK as never before. Of this risirug f^lrit ivgi are to .speKk to-night muler the Tuamd of "Tlie New Canadianism." ITIS ORIGIN. Before the middle of this century political freedom had l)een attained in all the Britisli Xorth American provinces. The change from a patri- archal to a rcBpomsible government filled the mind oX the people AA'ith hope and confidence. The aspirations of men Avent out to higher things. Tlhe young men who grew up felt that they had a country. It Av^ra noAv their own to rule, their own to struggle for, and their own to ad- A'ance. Fcav men can- love their ad- opted country as do those Avho are the "native-torn." We recognize the fiiat true not^ of this rising nentiment as coming to lis from the .seaside provincas. The name of Joseph HoAve, the brilliant and trrsted Nova iScotian leader, stands first in this movement. Before 1S.'0 the tliree maritime provinces had determined to support the open- ing up of connection Avith Canada and to contribute liberally to accom- plish this object. Hoavo Avith his mag- netic power Of speech and personal- ity successfully adYCK-ated the union of the prdvinceb for trade. He pointed out the value of hia project both on <3conomic and patriotic grounds. Visit- ing England Hbwe obtained the coun- tenance of the British government. Canadian delegates visited Nova Spotin to carry out the project of an intercolonial raihA'ay. Obstacles of divided commercial interest for the time checked tlie project, but the de- velopment of Upper and Lower Can- adian enterprise by the great Rail- Avay-premier Hincks followed rapid- ly after HoAve's moA-ement. Tlie seed had, liowever, been sown. The mind of HoAA^e had produced It, and though I clrcuniBtaiices ou Avliich we do not care to dwell prevented him reaping the harvtst; yet to lilra must the credit be given of first powerfully advancing what we now call the Canadian Idea. In Canada Itself It would seem that much 18 owed to a public man, who like Howe was of U. E. Loyalist de- scent, of elo(|uent tongue and of great- est persistence. This man was Wil- liam Macdougall. Like Howe, a jour- nalist, he left in the columns of las newspaper, the "North American," the beaten track of mere party politics, and aspired to the wider field of pa- triotism. The Toronto Globe, which absorbea the "North American," i.-on- tlnued -with William Macdougall's aid the same strong advocacy of this pro- ject. They strongly advocated the widening ol Canada to Include the Northwest Territories. Some of Macdougall's contemporaries maintained "that in the Northwest the soil never tliawed out in summer, and that the potato or cabbage would not mature." With great industry Mac- dougall controverted such statements, and with persevering energy kept the question before the Canadian people. The widening of the national view thus produced led to the appointment by the Canadian government in 1857 ol Chiel Justice Draper, a man of strong Conservative principles, but like Macdougall much interested in the ac- quisition of the new territory. Cross- lug to Englana the chief justice ap- peared before a committee of the house ol commons, which was inves- tigating the affairs of the Hudson's Bay company. Few men could have equalled Chief Justice Draper in pre- senting his case. His strong British attachment showea itself in his argu- ments ana he greatly advanced the Canadian claim before the committee at Westminster. In the next year the Hind expedition explored the fertile plains now includ- ed in Manitoba, and brought back to the Canadian people the message that the hall had not been told concerning the goodness of the land. Macdougall and Draper will ever stand cart as famous in the field of Canadian n^iratiofn, and thbrouigh belleJ' in thfe pnerits of ouir western pTnlries. To Hfcvwe will the liotiior be- long Off elalxxrating ^miewhat the federatioin eclijemie vW^hliiCh Lord Dur- ham with prescient politrikml wisdom ihad' Indicated as the triie destiny of the BrltiBth Amerioaji provinces. GKOWTfH OF THEi NATIONAL IDEA. The wTi?t«r pemeimberHi well tJie dis- ouissions whic^ led to tlie adoptioiU of confederatkyn by itWe foujr provinces thirty years ago. Some oonoeived rightly thp l*sau>.s whloh were at stake, ji.iui had imngimvtlon to see the poe- Klble future. The grejit imajsH of the peoplx> did not. The nwijoiity 0(f tine public men at any time are polktk-lana not HtateKmen or patriottis. Confeder- ation in moBt qufirters awakened lit- tle enthufidasmw The needs of the pol- itical parties letl mem to regard con- federntion as a solution of pressing dlfflcaltles. There was no wide 8coi>e, no high idjeial>. no patrlotLo aspiratlou la thijjs which coald awaken the Ibeart of the Canadian people. To a few, however, the vlstoni came. One of the first to otitch tdie na- tional spljrlt jtvos thje late Sdx John Mactionald. It was never th)e lot of the writer to be a politioal follower of thie first premier of the Domiudo.n, ' xi0^" HON. JOSEPH HOWK but he mlus* be a poor Canadian who fail s to see thiait the great Conservative leader was a thorough Canadian. He saw that though the task Avas difficult an united British North America was polsgible. It became the dream of his life to accomplish this, and except In the case of Insular, fog-bound, sleepy Newfoundland he saw Its ful- filment. TUie task we say was not an easy one. How«, the aforetime federation- ist, had led his native province into an angry protest, whloh was with difficulty met. Even Quebec was anx- ious lesh the wider union would re- move its freedom of action. Had Quebec been a separate province it would net have entered confederation. I take, > poe- >f the [ tJiie Lclans feder- xl 11*- e pol- , con- efe-slng scope, ratlou lieart few, B na- • John lot of ►llQwer ninJiOOt Ian who great as a w that cult an •ica was m of his except ig-bound, Its ful- an easy leration- Ince into ras with w.as anx- rould re- n. Had ovlnce It ideratlon. 'Tilu' linil lUver aHtleiiiPiit whlcii luul petitioned to bf> iiiiide u part of ( an- udii roflo in rel)('lli()ii vvlieii union was attempted Military pei suasion wa* the remeiiy in tills ciu^p. British Co- lunihiu was coy and had no feeling whatever of kliiaHnp with the Can- adian iieople. A good bargain at length brought the Pacific province Into the union. l-Vir six long years Prince Iltlward Island stood proof agniiiBt all the blandisliinents of the Canadian parliament. Hut at last in 187;{ (.Canada wua one from ocean to ocean. Tllds was brought about by tliei in- finite patience, diplomatic skill and determination of Sir John Macdon- ald and thoBa of kindred si)irit. lOach difficulty mentioned, lielng overcome added to the momentum with which HON. WILLIAM MACDOUGALL I the Increasing force of patriotism went on. Manitoba and the North- west became tlie common heritage of the other provinces, gave them inciependent ground on wlilch to em- ploy tlielr energies and afforded an outlet for the rtstleai and ambitious youth to find a f'eld of action. The Canadian Pacific became a bond of union for, as lm.s been said, it was a wi|89 measure to tsupplemeut the "silken tie" of instinctive loyalty by a good strong tie of "iron rails." Men outside of politics took lieart and with wider views advoca,ted the imtional a& opposed to tli^e proviincial idiea. As re|preis«(nttative of tlieise we may mention PrincipJal Grant, of Kinfeston. No (me can doubt Prin- cipal Grttnt's love of his native coun- try. Of an impulsive u^iui anient na- ture lie '.lelighw U) throw him.self into the conflict of opinion, and not infre- quently eutveeils in giving a direction to tlie treti/I or popuhir thought oi;i a paitLindair question. We ill MiMiitolita, die BdWard Island, not exceptlnig the .spirit Avhich luus fontid its emlodiment in whiat we ■.•all "Manitoba first" aaud the two Nortiiwest releHoii-s. The ejise with which the demngogue can appeal to the selfishnesw and loi.'al feeling of lii.s auiditors I-,, o' course, well knowin. Our pro\'iiic-es liave fought for lou'Jiu- ary lir.es itucduding a lew more or lass acr©.s of TOi?k aiuti muskeg with as mucii tonaoity 9*s petty Germain princes formerly conteni led for tlielr priii(cipalitie«. Provin< ei luave clam- ored for the expenditure of money on objects which had 1:0 relation to the general good of tlie Dominion, and coanmnnitiett have been approaeheid with lavish promisee in canslt'eriation of their political supp:>rt being i^lven. Certain clashes, manufacturers ami otliers, h'iive maiiitaine I their right 'or consLderatioTi at the exi>ense of others, and In eorusefinence hias grown up strong Agrari-an discoiitent. Now both of tl"ieaie (Extremes are working against tiue national good. Tihe greater bltterne.*i liuis been shown on the part of our agricultural popu- lation. In crltlcdaing this pesMimlstic spirit, we would say. tfnat no just man but will work for tli;e farmer to free him from hurtful manoix>Jy or from wlhate^''er bears unequally ui)on him. No public man shlould oppo^?e many of the fair propoeitionis for tihe freeing of agriculture, for we must renvember that agriculture Is the basis of all our industries. Whrit we complain of in this con- 6 iioctioai l/< thf aiifalr HinLrlt loim I hifjT** HJi<- tliere tJuxjtugih tlie oountiy, willful ojipfJMCH r)air iwiUfhiml UU^n. For an ag^iliHilturul t;' dr barretl from bclan- their rf>pr<3fnitatlvf>, liowever rap- ttble ho may bo: to lit'clare tlwit citLe:-j aiui towxiH aro in tli/ ir > .>irlt and in- fLuencrf? oppoKOii to tho welfaie uif tlie farm»'r, ami uiin: i'«iNHary: to ars'uo thlFit the stuto is only ontitlcnl toj^ive a minimum of e:iiu'atJ(»n in iltw .si'lwx>i« and to strive to rt^rass cAilturts to cultivate fi KiHi It wlKLoh ifnspiises iltf r- atuire, wlilcJi would kill off all hvnti- meiit. ami whU-li MixtviJcs tx^jin tempt ii- our lrin|!:e ol provint'K'w oai the border of th<> I'liiteU .States o(HiJd never ilo- vt'ioj* ujiity of fn^'lijig ur action, i»y ni^iintaining tliatour niardftst destiny is to lie ab>-orboy tthie Unitetl State-*, t>y t!e-i)lsiiji}>: our effortH to cultivate a national spirit, and even by speak- luK lii^lIN^rogiIlgly tyf our glorying, to IS' Kipling's phrasp, in hoing 'Sons cjf Iho b'tMxi of tlie good niotlier acrosM the Bf'iw tliiii writer must alienate IduiS'lf from the national heart. It is bad to imve no spirit, to be lacking in S'litiment, to \w Inspired i)u purely S'lfish or by personal aspirations, but how shall svo characterizK one who wicIdH a facile pen, writes a brll- SIR JOHN A. MACDONAI.n ouisJy of imtriotiisaiu aawJ all fqr tlie fiijike of Kp mUiii^y dollans, or so many wlieat fields, or «(> ma,n/y fat cattle, l« to ttoow UB back to the crude cLv- ilLaiition of fj/ty years ago, and to con- demn UH to the fate of "the wretch concentretl all in self," who sinks to (slhftmefal infamy. It is not surivriiiiing, as we look at this oijposition to ouir true national- ism' tbat we find the mere provinciinl- ist, the apostle of agricultural selfish- ism, and the peastmiiSt makriJig com- mon cause against our national life. Accord IngLS-, Mr. Gold^viJn Smitihi, of ToronitOk has become tine ally of patroniBm By prophesying that liant style^ and has a wide acqUiaint- ance with historical sujbjects, when he sppaks slightingly of our young Cannilanism, prophesms fajilure for our projects, and discourages the of fort which is to make us a nation I But the national tide is rising. Men in all the provinces are taking che wider view. Such men as Hon. G. W. Ross, ol Toronto — the silver-tongued- Prof. Weldon, of Nova Scotia, .a true patriot; Mr. J. S. Willison, of the To- ronto Globe, a man of the younger generation, and many others are with true prophet's voice declaring the vision, ana are exerting every effort to advance the Canadian spirit. i I A C()RYIP!HEUH. Bull however sueeeHKluUy the rtpeii mindc'ci ana moHt ftatrlotic! Hons of Cnuacla have laborel to develop this true spirit, it \u\h bfien reserved for the present distlngii shed Premier of Canada to magnify the new Cana- dianiHiu and to bring it into "judgnieat as the noonday." The world lias moved forward great- ly since tlie day that Sir George Car- tier patriotically declared himself to bo an "Englishman speaking French." The spirit of a larger Canada " has taken hold of French Canada niosl pow. rfiilly. A deniaiid hiis grown in the I'ovince of Quebec for a true na- tioii.il life. NewKiKipers of wnle i-ir- culalion and much influfiice in rliei- I'n ncli tongue have carried new jdea.s oni'/ti;^ the French Canadian peoplf, sini" the era of Confederation. The tlrsire to know F.ngiish whicli iias RKV. PRINCIPAL GRANT Spread so rapidly in Quebec shows a disposition to take part in the widen- ing life ol Canada. The French Cana- dians liave shown a surj rising facil- ity in taking advantage of our Eirit- ish political institutions under our free constitution. With the true Gallic di • position tlie French Canadians have i^elT ui) their political idol, and the man that speaks their thought is Hir Wil- frid Laurier. The premier has the love of libertj of Papineau, the dignity of Lafontaine, and the energy and in- dustry of Cartier. It is a fortunate thing for the rising national spirit that thib man, who seems to have the impiicil confidence of his own people, yet proclaims himself, no mere devctee to a sectional cry or to a mere "French Canadian ■•3ntiment — though he has that in a marked degree — 'but a representative of the whole Canadian people, irrfB- pe<'tlve of creel or origin. No doulit the tliree rocks which most endanger our "New r;ana we(>ks ago he was told from high quarters that he must sup- port tlie bill or incur the displeasure of the authorities of Ills church. lOven while tnreats were hanging over his lieaii. no words of bitterness would be voiced by him against his church. Ho did not refuse ecclesiastics the right to have a voice in public affairs. As a Liberal ol the ICnglish school and a Biritit-h subject he bflieved that it was the privilege of all classes, whether high Ol* low, to iiave a voice in the ad- inini.str€ation of public aflairs. It was the right ot all to discuss, influence, and convince, but he would always deny that any one had power to dic- tate even to the lowest. In liis ca- pacMiy ol leader of a great pxrty lie represfiited l^rotestants as well as Catholics, Was he to be dictated to upon grounds which did not apply to the con.scien'jes of his Protestant col- leagues. So long as he had a seat in this house and occupied his present position, whenever it became his duty to take a stand lie would take it, not from the point of view of a lioman Catholic, but upon grounds that will commend theniSilvfts to men irreHi>ec- tive of race or creed." T;hes:i wordb marked the hero and have the true vci^e of the "New Can- adianisu." Tlie French Canailian peo- ple, while naturally fon I of their beautiful lan^^uage, while justly full fif aihuiratiun of the achievementel of their race from Charlemagne to Louis Quatorze and Napoleon, wliile muc.'i attached to their new world 'Pradle in the valley of the ,St Law- rence, under the influence of s.ich leaders ais tiie premier, on both Mde*< of politics, will cease to be a menace to ccMfedeiation, an.l will find ample s?ope for every power In the arena of Canadian national life. How good a thing it is for our future as Canadians that there are thosT in both political parties who can take such Avide and comprehen- sive views ai« the premier expressEHl at Queen's University, where he was lately. laureate<3 ! "I claim that at this time we are presenting a spectacle to the world at a-'^e. that we are ieachiag how a 8 simple colony can become a nation. not by revolution but by evolution. We •xercise to-aay the power of sov- ereignty. We are negotiating, ur try- ing, at all events, to negotiate a treaty with our neighbors. This «e do with the sanction of the mother- land, and we give this further lesson to the world, that it i.s po.ssible, to b"^ an independent nation, while mitintain- Ing our colonial ties. " CANADIANS FOR THE EMPIRE. As the premier hwUii tMs is. a remark- able devejopmeait. And yet iwiralle". and coincLdent witQi the rtiislug Canadi- anism there lui.s grown up an ever- 8treaigthening Kenclment of loive for tlie fmpire Tlie new coloniuil tlieory of tlie BritifiJi erai^ire i(s entirely dif- ferent "from what prevaited av the time of the Ameriwui revolution, or e^'eji at the tlmo of Tapper and Lower Canadian rebellions of 18H7-8. Tlhie instructions giveji to Lord Lcurne on liiis comifig to Canada a« governor- generai in 1878 eimbody tJiliiS. Tlhe same spirit wiiieli aniaiiates ■l^he Canadian nationalist finiimates th^ Dover oif tils' empire— witiii tlie addel im- terest in the ca.se of the iatt«r that it is hisitordc an well. In a s r,mgtlien- ing degree the glories of the cruishei Armada, the victory of Trafalgar, the heroi.sin of [Dargai Ridg?, and now Omdurman .are ours; tiio t-jplendid ^eaiiu** for governmertt siliown in l*itt, Burke, Wellington, Glad. -tone, Beiacons- field. Rosebery. and Sa.liisbury is ours; tlie higli tJioug^iit of Newton, Faraday, Clerk ALixweJl IXirwin and Huxley is ouns; the poetic flight.s of 'Shakas- peare, Milton, 'Won'pworth. Burns and Tennyson are oun*; and in a wpeoial sens? there belong to ils the religion and fervor of Wyclif, Latimer, Knox, Wesley, (Chalmers, Carey ami New- man. We have learned in tlie broad ami comprehensive spirit of tive age to value those who muiy differ from iis in race, Intellectual oi>Lnaj(>n iKjlitAcs, and even religion, l)eoau.'-ie they throw glory on the great emii>ire, which in- cludes u6 allr ftnd iJTOtects us with fle?t, (firmy, diplomacy find prestiige In the enjoyment of every riiglit and IJTivilejge. Tlie increaspo interest of Grreiit Britain in her colonies is a marked feature of this Empire-spirit. The life of the noble Queen and iCmpre.ss has bean a potent element in the growth of this sentiment. It needs some central figure to be the embodiment of the history, achievement .honor, and dig- nity of tne I^jnplre to enable millions to appreciate so large an idea clearly. The personal virtues of our Sovereign, and her reign of remarkable length In a remarkable period of the world's history have both cast their mellow light upon the Empire's greatnes.^. The reference to the Diamond Jubilee of last year lias become almost a com- mon-place now. To the writer the most striking fetiture was the spon- taneous enthusiasm siiown by the col- onial possessions of (ireat Britain— and not the least by Canada. It was a tribute to Canada that her premier- French Canadian and colonial bom- was given the first place among tiie assembled colonies; and Canadians felt themselves more honoreo and stronger than if they had hoisted the dangor- outi flag of independence, for which a few sigh. The recognition of this Empire-spirit and nobic sentiment has just been brought out by an elocjueut speech de- livered on Octob.?r 25tli by Lord Ro.se- bery on the "Builthng of the Kmpire." He said : "The liritish i:mpire is not a centralized empire. It does not, ns other Empires, hinge on a single auto- crat or a single Parliament— bit it is a vast collection of communities spread all over the world, many with their own governments, and therefore i-est- ing ,in a degree wliich is known m no other state ol which history ha.'-i record, in the Intelligence and the character ol the individuals who com- pose. Some lOmpires have rested on armies, and some on constitutions. It Is the boast of the British I'.mpire that it rrstfc! upon men," an! again, "Empires founded on trade alone must irresistiliiy crumble But tlie em- pire th(at Ls (ifijorel to me is sacred for this rea.'on, tluat I believe it to be tlie noblest exa,miple yet k.novvn to miankiiil of free adaptab'e, just, j.'^ov- errimient.'' TJue writer has ha'd lately plar*el in lilis hniid^ 'The Story of Canada,'' one of the volumies- of the "Story of the Empire series," tind with iv are to ap- pear, pnbllshei by a Loik!o:i house, comjirtniOTi volumes of the "'Rise or the I'imlpire'' aiMJ the Hepar-'ite .stories of Inidia, Australia, Sou Mi lAfriea and New Zealaiid." It is a sigji of tlie tiittes and shows a reciprocity of inter" est on tlue part of the Britij^h people to tlie fealty and regard we reqider to tliiem. iRudyard Kipling, who has Ijeencall- • ed the laureate of tlie empire, has well expre4-;e 1 the feeling o' devotimi of the differ© it parts of the empire .'-iprea<e prond of thy fieed I Ooujit are w© feeUle or few ? Hear, ifi oaur speech bo rude ? Look arte we j>oor in the lajid ? Judge aire w© meai of th* blood ? • • « • Gift*i have we only to-day*-1 !'as iinji TlJ ev ill : si r*' duct ii: JM IhjoI. of Ci for tag4 tra\ th< nnid lielii nrc liiuli 9 FO.T? EDUrATirON AND CULT I RE. One of Jie niiost lioi>e:iil featiires of the iietv Caina'li.'uiisjtn Ls that it in iu)t a iniere vnpkl setitimeiit, biit that it Ik ba>e:1 on intelligence arul linowletlgf.'. Kjpeut eCfoTtfs hla,ve beau ma'de by the K'ar.iadiaTt people to ediu^ate tlie young. Tliir? fic'liool and ooil9ge Itove l>eeu im- piH'tant IViotor.s hi tlw? life of every t'aiisUli'^n proN'u.ce. Time (lc^^ T.ot i>?iinit 'lis to .surviey in tliis rea- pL'i't all t]ie provinces, but we niuy talje Manitoba as an illustration, 'ihe sparse population, the continu- ance for eaveral years of bad seasons and the limited and unjust arrange- uiontB as to revenui' umler which the l>rovliw:-4f Hesi, might have ia.'forded our pub! id: men fin excii.se for neglectlni; tidimlation. But our jjeiiple are con- vlint'-pf i tliiat to he free a people imi.st l)e int^Mlij^ent. TJie iCanaiiian national spirit (iipclares tJie unity <>! tlie j)eop!e to bo (S-ieutial. Mennuni!(>-, Icelanders, Hujigxriciiftft, Jews an 1 fxthers will i;ot l;>a '(\TnifiMiaru.s unlevK they are BikK.ated hito th!f .spirit o' our laiil. Out o" tliLs grovv our great i>uhllc. .srt'liool inov'pjr.e.it of 1K'91. Sliiallow critics May it wti's .'I politic4il nu>ve, that it was an expeliejit, that it was Jiot Avise. But rfiat move ne it wlas in- evitable. From time to time it hia/i rUeii for the previous twenty yairs. It sim.ply culmin/ated in 1K91. A visit to tiie .'■plendhl jjuhlic Ncho !■> of Winnipeg to-day with their I'leau- tiful buildings is an object le^'-oi in ('aiwidian patriotism. Kepre-ieiita- tivesof tlilrtee.i differfMit tongues mlay tliere be s-pf-u side hy siile. All, wiiiie loving tlieii- own nationiil traditions, .'-p:vili ore totigue. Humlre Is of Icc- laiiidic children Avill address you in as I>ure a tongue n^ any ("a'liadian can ii.se. In all p.irts of the lu-ovin/.-e tiu- .s):im;^ .'pe'tacle is seen. AVliat an in- <'stimali!e ble>sing it is to have all tli • «'hiIdrtHi taught to l>rOathe tlie sanu nationial .-pir't! Tlip .'.nciess ach rve 1 h.is l:.te:i at tlie exp^n :.e o* much thought, aiii arix'etv and .strugj;te I ul. this keynote o*" a higher 'da/iiaidian life I'.-is l:.re;i .-oiiri le I for the fuUirf" i,i 1- lioiiis of ouf witlip prairie'. The ri.'-i.'ig Canladian culture is an evid©:ice of this true .spirit. The de- sire for ediu\'itio:i, the in«. the call for post graduhte counes, the avdvaai- tage baken of facilities for foreign travel, the elpvation of tasfte seen in tii<- people beautifying tlieir homes, nuKl tlue wense that our land is leaving i«»hind the crudeness of pioneer life, are all proofs of a spirit leading to a, higher nationnl life- WITJT SOIIKIKTY AM) HFJ^KJION. Nor, while we may find defects in our Canadian life so far as what we nia.v call our spiritual environment is cou- cerneiJ, have we other than a clieering outlook. (Hie danger of northern na- tions has been the tenden(;y to .'•trong drink. Sometimes the brightest hopes of indivhlnal or communit.v have be^Mi ilasliet: by what Shakespeare speakH of as', "this heavydieadej)reHsion of the li(iuor traffic, indicates an oi)iiiion very hope- ful for young Canada. The campaign of education on tliis subj(>:'t. th:> de- cided majority in man.y parts of the ( ojiitr.v. the fact that evr^ry couiily in oar province, notahl.v the city of Wuiiiipeg.gave an umaistakeable opin- ion-ali these tilings speak of good things for Canada in the future. IL will no doubt be suggested tiiat Fiench Canada derddedl.v opi)osed tlie pcsitioh taken by other parts of the country. This is certainly to be re- gretted, bit to men of calm judgment the ca.se is. not discouraging. Those who are familiar with Quebv^ know that outside ol the cities of .Montreal and «.)uebe' tlier-e is little iiitem|iei-ani-e in fact, whole counties ai-e virtuady prohibitory distriets already. The iocil option idea has there taken hold of the peojde, .so that while in the j)articular form of the jdcbisi ite vote there may ^■eeui a difference, yet there is ,'i vir- tual unity in the opinion as Lo strong drink and its use prevailing from ocean to ocean. W> slioiil 1 le'o'ce that 'CiaTiadui is a land ol faith, and not of r-eligious iin- lele". It were a hoindcss thing in Iced if witn <»iir rising tide o' ("aiUadinn lioites and patriotic spirit the tires of lydigioiLs Ii e were dying out. Mati^^iiH to \tc Miroig and jiermlM.ueiit must be religious. See pr, atlieistlc, irrelig- ioiis, heart-broken france, whence tliis \ieiry the rows li*us cotme that tho moftto "C«)«i prot Htruck (rom h©r cobus. Im the very Paris Avlierp in the <;i;u.vs of iM'Volutiori God van «!et.hraned ji.nd a pamgoii f)f rice Ava.s wor.shlppel. any visitor may Iwtxx to-ibiy that the marr'tig'.- lelation is Inughel at— aiwl that m/V»fi« ij'.evitable destnietion to aii,v ptHvp'e Tx>ok at Kuperstit'ous, ignorant Spnin to-day, with iMxarlv 10 sefvtaty per ceat of Ltw people unable to road and write, cTU«lied and broken, bankrupt, Trltjiout iii{a,tional spirit, hoipeleasJy |?ivon up to groedy polltixiil Pornanra,nth. tliu,! fieied upon her people Yes, Catiada will only be great, her nfati/Milal life will continue to rise and spread only on one condition, via., that she render a pure, intelligent and ilevottt wflfffihip to God. Without the eimoblLng, saving, regeuena^ting poweir (*f religioii hiw asipiT(a,tio(njs will end in airy Tiothln^. But we are hjf>peful for the religious life of Canada. Tlie zeal and onthus- iasm with wliicli the people have proved their faith by their works in following westward our immigrants with religious ordfimances, even to distant, Yukon, th.e regard paid to re- ligious life ijn the home, and the intel- ligent iStudy of th;e oraoles of fhe living God lead us to ihope that tlie . new t*anadi- anism will be reverent, thouglitful, earnest and sedate. PRESENT Amy FUTURi:. "We close by quoting the wise words ^K>ken less than a week ago in To- ro*it(> l)y Lord Aberdeen, who luis been u true helper in develoi):jig tine Cana- dian idea, and wJiom all true Canadi- ans follow with best wishes and deep affection. He is reported as sayinig: "What I have in view \n tiiai nt this formative period it i.s osHential that we aliould do all in our power to develop not only material prosper- ity, but also a sound, healthy tone' of public opinion and afrairs. We all know that to ohe outlying portions of a country a number of persons are attracted, eBpecially Avhere tliere is mining development, who are, well, to put it mildly, not nlwaj'S of the moBt sober-minded and quiet and or- derly fUsaription. We get various ele- ments, but, fortunately, owing to the good name and force of the Canadian authoritifB, there has been no trouble in regard to order. Still the com- munity is of a somewhat mixed »>li{ir- acter. Tiherefore I s xy that when we hear of young men going out there ami settling, we feel something of the rtisi)onBibility l)eloiiging to them, juid do what may be done that they may bt^t prolnote the interests of the places in whicii they settle. . . . . . Speaking in more general terms we fill of us sshould do some- thing to encourage thos? wlio ^o out to tlicS;' regions «ome way or an- other to promote the building up of commuintifB which will l)e tlie glory of tlu' country. .\nd for this rea.s^on : We r.Manitoba College Literary Society 34. Sketch of Chief Factor Robert C' 1, Discoverer of the Upper Yukon Manitoba Historical Society 35. John Black, the Apostle of the R.>.i Kiver William Hriggs, Toronto 36. The New Canadianism Manitoba College Literary Society 37. Pierre Esprit Radisson Royal Society of Canada <«^