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I '■»:■ -^r,^ i iTf^. ^- £4- V SKETCH > ' M^ UP Tiir. ^' *' OUARAOTfiR AND MANNERS OP :K ALiLi NATIONS. KMUCLLISIIEI) ^VITH A KKPUr.SEXT ATI V« CI'T OF F.Af:H PEori i: >%• f ft,- h CONCORD, N. H. mnLlSHKD BY R. H. SHERTIURNE AND CO, 1830. THE AFRICAN "^^^"Q^vaaS^^isKSQBSSSiOBd*^ The Negroes are ignorant and supersci- tious ; simple, mild, and generous, who need only to be educated and enlightened by tho genial spirit of the gospel to make them the most happy and amiable of mankind. They are divided into tribes ; some of the largest are found in Western Africa. They worship Mahomet as the true God. Indolence and a fondness for music and dancing are the general habits of the negroes. Africa is distinguished for the great heat of its climate — its ferocious animals — its fewness v>r rivers and «oas — and, hIjovc all. the de^radc days. Caravans of camels and merchants, sometimes 2,000, go there w ith goods to e:K- change for gold, ivory and slaves. The river Nile runs through Africa, and iVi the most celebrated in the world. Its con?^ is upw^ards of 2,000 miles in length. Also, the river Niger in central Africa, is larger than the Nile ; it rises in the west part of Africa and pursues an easterly course, 1,400* miles, by Sego, Jenne, and Cabra. THE IJOIIEMIAN. B b The Bohemians are of Scythian origin, and are called Tscheschen. Tiiey are handsome, active and strong ; they make the best soldiers in the Austrian service. The peasantry labor under the most galling ser- vitude. Their dwellings are miserable hulw, which scarcely shelter them from the wind, rain, and cold. To each cot is allotted a piece of ground, with a cow or two, a pair of oxen, and horse. Their masters demand of them the labor of the whole week ; allowing only Sunday for the cultivatson of their own little spot. They are a people not wanting in genius. u THE ClllNESE. C The Chinese, in appearance, exhibit strong proofs of their Mongol origin. Thry resemble the Tartars, but are more slender. They have asqaro flat face, small nose but large at the root, larc;e cars, and small ob- lique eyes, pale yellow complexion ; hair generally black and braided in a tail, reach- ing almost to tho ground. They pluck out their beards. Their dress consists of a cot- ton frock, wide drawers, straw hat and shoo^. White is the colour of their mourning dress. The women of rank dress very modest. Their clothes arc made close at the top, and very long. The dress of the lower class consists of a blue cotton frock reacliing to the knee, a petticoat of red reaching down to the rait. 'Mio rinrlo is lar^r, unrl bririf].! ^«m1; the loot sni'iil, not fxcordmjr j inclii's. TJio women arc invariably sold in n arriuii<^, but are not to In* Fcen until the nionev i^ piud. II' the bridofrroom is not pleased with the bari^ain, he iuis a rif;ht to return her l>y loosini^ the purchase money. The <;enoral character of the Chinese, ia a compound of mcaimess, atiected gravity, refined civility and ijross indelicacy, attend- ed with artful cunning, fasehood an.;o of tho white wild rose. It yields leaves three years after it is sown. It grows from 8 to VI feet high. j ! 8 THE DUTCHMAN. Amsterdam, the capital of North Holland, and largest and richest of the Netherlands, contains 220,000 inhabitants. The manners of the Dutch are very blunt ; their aw^wers short but not without civility and good sense. They are distinguished for their economy, love of gain, industy and perseverance. It is a rule with them to spend less thp,n their income. They are remarkably neat, (like unto our Shakers.) The boors, or peasants, cultivate the land, and are slow of under- standing. The custom of smoking is uni- versal. If you ask a Dutch boor the dis- tance to such a place, he will say it is so ma- ny pipes asunder, instead of miles. Thus, 9 if a man ^oes lo Rottcrdjim, he will smoke four pipes ; to IIa<]rue, he will smoke seven pipes : the latter, eqnnl to a seven hour'3 journey. The women have very tine com- plexions. Their skins arc clear and white, but their countenances are inanimate, re- sembling waxwork : stature short and ro- bust. They w ear bats of straw as large as an umbrella, adorned with stars, beasts, birds, Scc. Their wastes are very long — the rest of their dress is stuffed and padded lo a size that mocks all proportion ; petti- coats balfway below the knee, and wooden shoes with high heels. The meo dress sim- ilar to the women. THE ENGLISHMAN. I £ lO The English are fair, well formed, florid complexions, and very handsome. The wo- men, in their shapes, features and complex- ions, appear remarkably beautiful. They are prudent in behaviour, modest in deport- ment, virtuous and affectionate as wives and mothers. The men have great vices. Their elections arc a scene of bribery, intoxica- tion and riot. Their principal diversion is boxing ; which practice draws together a vast mukitude of the populace, nobility and gentry. Ignorance, drunkeness and other gross vices prevail among the lower class t among the higher class, dissolute morals are not uncommon, and many of the clergy are far from possessing that purity of life, which ought, always, to be essential to the sacred ofTice. There is, in Englishmen, a sort of fastidious delicacy, coldness and pride, which stands in the way of familiar intercourse with a stranger. The city of London contains 60 squares, 8000 streets, 480 meeting houses, 142,000 houses, and 1,225,000 people. St. Paul's Church is the first house in London. It oc- cupies 2 acres of ground — is 510 feet long, 28ii wide, and 340 feet to the top of the cross, and is built of stone. The bell weighs 11,474 pounds, and is 10 feet acrost it. — The clock dial is 57 feet round, and the hour figures are two feet long. London is the greatest mart of trade on the globe. — There is 10,000 vessels employed in com- merce and coasting. It is the resort of men of learning, genius, and the great mas- II ters in the fine arts. In this vast hive of people, Jnay be found the most princely op- pulence and abject poverty. THE FRENCHMAN. f The French are slender, active, well pro- portioned, but rather short. Their eyes and hair arc black ; complexions dark and sal- low. The women are more celebrated for vivacity and wit, than for personal beauty. In dancing, fencing and riding, none excel them in skill and gracefulness. The French are quick, ingenious, fertile in expedients, rising above every difficulty or adversity ; but mutable, trifling, vain, credulous, and incapable of moderation. Tliey are oblige ing, attentive, kind and sympathizing; ; but jealous, iritable and intriguing. They go to eyer^y kind of excess in actions, fashion and conversation. They may be called a gay, lively, volatile people, destitute of mo- rality and virtue. Paris is the capital of Franc(;, and con- tains 714,000 people. Here the king and his court reside, and is the mo.si beautiful city in the world. The TuiUricSy or king-> palace, is about 1000 feet long, and is a structure of romantic grandeur. The iinesL square in the city is the PUicc Vtii- dome, having an open space of 500 by 400 feet broad. In this square is Bonaparte's brazen Pillar, 12 feet broad and 133 feet high. It cost /60,000, and is in imitation of the Trajan's pillar. The king's library con- tains 470,000 books, and 100,000 medals. The Catacombs of Paris are supposed to be the largest in the world. IS'othing can be more solemn and affecting, than a visit to this dreary abode — this place of sculs. It is, as it were, Paris in the grave ! Here lie millions of its once gay and busy people, ranged in their long homes, of high and low, rich and poor, friend and enemy. One pile alone contains more than 2,400,000 human eculs, and the different heaps reach more than a mile in length. In whatever direc- tion the eye turns, it rests on rows of hu- nun sculs. How affecting the contrast be- 13 i I r. tween ^^thia city of the dead," and the gaie- ty and discipation of the city of the living, over which it is buiU. THE GRECIAN. In the modern Greeks, there is a national resemblance in them all, as to features, dress, diet and tempers. Their young men are elieminaie and handsome ; dark eyes, arched eyebrows, complexions brown but clear, fa- cos oval and finely j)roportioned, but large ears : hair dark and long. Beards are worn only by the clergy mid magistrates — all wear niustachios on the upper lip, necks long, and their stature above the middle size. The women are beautiful, but inferior to the men . > 14 in face and ficnro. Though they nre ignn- ranf, there is still an abundance of native genius ainoniiCI\lll;\''J The Italians are a singular mixture of ea- g«3rness, cunning, mildness^ aiKl violence : superstitious and irrehgious. Though, in the pulpit, the theatre, or in common conversa- tion, he is grave, solemn, and makes use of a great deal of action. They have not the brisk look and elastic trip of the French ; they move slow, with a composed face, rath- er stooping forward. They feci with great- er sensibility than they reason, which ia- IS ? a. ( .' , '1 i » f i t r \ t 1 ' i^ 4 f i', J ••! •pires them with clioirlnlncsg, and Ihrv ii;ive themselves uj) with ardour t.) cwrv tiiihrji pleasure. The wcinen of high rank are moro distinguish(ul hy their ornaments thiin their beauty. The head is covered with a profusion of dark hair encroachinoj upon the forehead, the nose arpiiline or strait from the brow, full short upper hp ; eyes lar^e, black and full of expression ; complexion, a clear brown, sometimes verry friir, hut seldom florid. No country exhibits more examples of benevolence and cliarity than Italy. 'J'hey urc celebrated for music, sculpture, paint- ing, the arts, and agriculture. ^Vhat is pe- culiar in them is, they reckon their day frr>m sunset, and their clocks strike all the hours Krorn I to 21. The Po is the principal river in Italy, and the largest in Europe. Its length is over 600 miles. .Mount Ehia in Sicily, is the largest volcano i:i Europe. The highest part of this wild and grotesque mountnin is computed at 10,963 feet above the sea : the circumference of its base is J 80 miles. — From the base it rises like a pyramid, mak- ing an angle of 15 degrees to the foot of the great crater. There iiave been 32 erup- tions : the one in 16('i), buried a part of the citj of Catania with its lava, and destroyed the houses of 27,000 persons ; stones were thrown, of immense size upwards of 7,000 feet, and projected to the distance of 30 miles. Mount Vesuvius, 7 miles from Na- plesj is remarkable for its eruptions. From jUts base to the top is 3,731 feet. Cultiva* If) tion extends more than hnlf wny u\) tliii mountain. Th<> crater is a inilr aiul a half in circuit, and 350 feet dec}). The nmst terrible eruption, was A\v^. 8, !77!>, at mid- night, which ovorwhehiKHl the cities oi' Iler- culancum and Pompeii, and caused tlio duath of the ehler IMiny. After a tremendous (ex- plosion, a fountain of liquid fire rose to the surprising height of 10,00() feet, wliilc puffs of the blackest smoke, and red hot lava, in- terrupted its splendid brightness. THE JANIZARY. 1\\'W\W»\M» ..,.«iia>%VvV\v*>><* A Turkish soldier, one of the Grand Seignor's body-guards„ so KAMTSCIIATKAN The Kamtschatdales have an olive com- plexion, black, strait and thin hair, a broad and compressed countenance, a thick and fiat nose, prominent cheekbones, lar^e ears, and thick lips, with a very scanty beard. — They are distinguished for their thick and reduced stature, rarely exceeding four feet in height. They are remarkable for the. coarseness and filthiness of their manners and mode of life ; they live in dens and caves, and hunt the buck and elk for a sub- sistence. Russia, in Asia, is the place of their residence. They travel, in the winter, with a sledge drawn by five dogs, instead of horses and sleighs. fi «1 TinO LAPLANDKR. The Laplanders are of a diminutive size, and have short black hair, a wide mouth, hollow cheeks, and a chin long and pointed. Their complexion is swarth)^. They pos- sess great strength of body, and are capa- ble of undergoing great degrees of labour, and ore remarkable for swiftness of loot. Their dress consists of a grayish colored cap in the form of a sugar loat', bordered round with fur ; a sheepskin coat, with the wool next the skin, and reaching below the knee, tied round with a irirdle. They use no stockings, but wear pantaloons of cloth or leather, or the skin of the reindeer's legs fitted close to the limbs, and deerskin shoes. The women dress sinnlar to the men. An- iinal food is their chief diet. 11/ M. _ II ■ I ^11 — Ih The rein-deer is the most valuable gift that providence has bestowed on the poor Laplander. ^ It serves as a beast of burden; its milk is highly valued, and its flesh and skin supplies the chief nourishment and dress of the inhabitants. MUSCOVITE. A NATIVE OF RUSSIA. in The Russians are among the most illiter- ate and least civilized nations of Europe. — They are of a middle stature, and have in general small mouths, thin lips, and white teeth. They are hardy, vigorous, and pa- tient of labour. Gambling and excessive drinking are very prevalent. The nobility receive the title of prince, count and baron ; 5l» and none but nobles can be owners of land, Their dress consists of a pelisse, or large fur cloak, fur boots or shoes, a black velvet or fur bonnet, which is made large enough to cover the ears. All classes let their beards grow. The Russian females seem to have no idea of taste in dress ; what they aim at is brilliancy of display. Their dresses arc decorated with diamonds and precious stones the richness and splendour of which surpas- ses all description. Women perform the field work, such as cutting down and threshing the grain, while the men are employed in building, making brick or in the army. Their villages resem- ble each other ; the houses are built of wood by laying beams one across the other, and the spaces arc closed with flax and moss. St. Petersburgh, tho capital of the Rus- i;ian empire, is situated at the east extremi- ty of Finland, and contains 285,000 inhab- itants. It was founded by Peter the Great, from whom it takes its name. The streets j're paved, and some of them over two miles in length, and perfectly straight. The hous- ef4 are generally of brick and stuccoed so as to have the appearance of stone. Hi NORWEGIAN ^1 II aW; i.-.-:?**U-.-*.ua.-.:. The people of Norway arc usually tall and robust, though rather slender ; their counte- nances flat ; their complexion lair, though less so than the Danes ; their eyes lull ol" spirit ; and their whole physiognomy expres- sive of energy. They possess hospitality and simplicity, and the other virtues of the primitive state of society. They live in a very plain style, both as to diet and dwelling. There are but few splendid buildings in the towns ; the greater part of the hoLses are built of wood. Their bread is made of rye and oats, and baked so hard that it may be kept for several years. A kind of pottage of barley or oatmeal, mixed with dried lish, I- I'll 25 and sour milk, forms the ordinary food of the peasantry. They are, notwithstanding, better clothed and fed than most of the com- mon people of Europe. The peasants are aii free born, and what is remarkable, have no family names. They speak and act in the full spirit of freemen, open, and undaun- ted, yet never insolent. The Danish is the native language of Norway. OTAHEITEAN. Tlie Otaheiteans are inhabitants of the Polynesian or South Sea Islands, in Asia. — It was here, m the island of Owhyee, that the celebrated Capt. Cook loet his life, in a quarrel with the natives. The people are Ull, strong, and finely shaped •, hair aiid e"e» 3 ^1 11 ,)tack, mouth large, and nose flat. Tlio wo- men have a (](3licately smuoilisolf skin, and bcautitlil white teetii. The men ar(^ indus- trious and frit^ndly, violent in [lassions, and a great propens^ity to theft. Both men and women are clothed with a kind of hark cloth, resembling China paper ; one piece is wrap- ped round the body, the other piece has a hole in the middhj to admit the head, hang- ing down loose before and behind, to the knees. Their huts are built amoug the bread fruit aijd cocoa-nut trees. THE PERSIAN. P The Persians of both sexes are of swarthy complexion, generally handsome, and oiWig- niiied aspect. The dress of the common i 27 pooplo consists of two ur three light gar- ments, which reach to knees ; large draw- ers, a heavy cap, laced with lamb-skin. — The women dress similar to the men, but more expensive, owing to the ornaments which the richer sort make use of. The Persians are Mahometans of the sect of Sun- nites, and are extremely superstitious. The Persians are the most gay, lively, and Dolite nation in the east. aUEBEC INDIAN. y r- ! 11 The indians are tall and strait in their limbs, and capable of enduring much hard- ship. They have regular features, but a fierce countenance. Their hair is long and black, eyes large and black, their skin of a reddish brown. Hunting and fishing supply their chief articles of food, as well as arti- cles of dress. THE ROMAN. $ 'jyfiS^ A virtuous but ri^id severity of manners was the characteristic of the Romans under their kings. The private life of the citizens frugal, temperate and laborious. The Ro- rian matrons regarded the careful nurture of their offspring, and the rudiments of their education, as the highest points of female merit. Among the sports of the children at Rome, one was pleading causes before a mock tribunal, and accusing and defending a criminal in the usual forms of judicial pro- •I 9 I Iv 2{} ccdurc. Rome stands unrivalled iu rcirard to its fame J the extent and duration ot* its power, the singularity of its historical events and the magniiicencc oi* its cdiliccs and an- tiquities. Rome was once tlie proud mistress of the world, but the vices and crimes of her great and wicked men have, long since, brought her down even to the earth. THE SPANIARD. rs IS 3- of ir le it a >- I I « n t t XIO k it of living is favorable to health ; fruits and vegctableg form the principal food even of the best tablobS. Their habits are temperate and frugal. In their dress, both men and women are very extravagant, especially the latter, who seldom appear twice in the same shoes and silk stockings. They dress simi- lar to the French and English. Smoking is their principal excess. They disdain agri- culture and commerce. Bull fights are the favourite amusements of all classes. Mad- rid is the capital of Spain, and contains 200,- 000 inhabitants. THE TURK. The Turks, in general, are prepossessing ■well formed, fair complexions, dark eyes, I 4 '■--iasi^- Y-^ \0 ^ 31 nn aqnilme nosp, end dark auburn hair. — Their gate is slow and stately, clear and delibet-ate in speech, with somewhat of a solemn air. Their character is a curious mixture of goed and bad. Temperate in eating and drinking ; have few wants and are liable to few diseases ; hospitiable and courageous. When provoked, they are fu- rious and ungovernable ; vindictive, jealous, haughty, intolerant and full of dissimulation UZBECK TARTAR. The Uzbecks are short and stout ; have a clear and ruddy complexion, black hair, thin beard, broad forehead, high cheek bones and small eyes. They lead a pastoral life ; are addicted to war, and pride themselves on be- ing the braves of the Tartar race. Th» i :ii XERXES. X X '1 i . !■ i V Xerxes, king of Persia, invaded Greece with a numerous army, and when reviewing the milHons which composed it, wept on re- flecting that in one hundred years not ono of them would be ahve. I' I /f ,1 9 !l ¥ •35 y i;JSJr--#5»ftr! THE VOITTI, %vith iriclny stop he pas- SOS tliL; I10V115-; of liib away. MA f^» z ^ ZELA^DER. An inhabitant of the South Sea, who lives by fishing and hunting ;.. i fmm^ •*m>- ; r, ^1 Ir • •;*• :f^A im^ \ >fi •A ■ ;:inr;'*;«i»* m It vm * ■»»' ^^ '%''