IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 6" if ilM IIM ■^ 1^ 112.2 li^ lis ilM 1.8 i.4 IIIIII.6 V <^ /] Photographic Sciences Corporation V ^>= ^ }h. .* r '^f'. Ife. ■■*... ■) V ■m . ' ■ * ■* S • ■ •>, • -■■I ■.■.♦'," ■ •-'"■•k.J ••>«**■<. ^-^V"-' 'I?*' '#• '•''». S PRaKT 1 ^NGTON, /{. BENT, JjroR AND AND S« '■■.,« .:■« r b\- hfiiifttr li m,it. i.;it:._.-T(fr' ■. la'^vM '/-i\V I COUNTI LONGITUDl EVIN PRINTED rO SON, W. RI R. BALDW G. AND T. HOOD, B. C0I.D8M1T / ^BROOKES* GENERAL GAZETTEER ABRIDGED, ^ ' ■• •-•■■•-' -^ ■■■■■■• / J^.^ -'^ .'. A. GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION ' * CONTAINI NO d ^-U ii. ^■•-.v^". ''{^ «H_^v•;^;■;^•,-•.■^•s; - or THE .iVOiA'^s*^ . ' COUNTRIES, CITIES, TOWNS, FORTS, SEAS, RIVERS> ; , - . LAKES, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, &C. v-5 ■ v;l\'^ '-■ EV1NT8 BY WHICH THEY HAVt SEEN D18TIN6U1SHEB* ' , ■ •' • ■■,. ;■- '..,...-•• . V ^/i V'' ' ' -•■■'^■^. - '""•' .' '.J'^ -a-^ ""■ '^, ; 'j'- '>;•'■'■',•'■■■■, •■ ; ■ ■\. ILLUSTRATED BY MAPS, ' '(■-•-„•!-■ LONDON: PRINTED FOR B. tAW, C. DILLY, J. JOHNSON, G. G. AKD J. ROBIW- SON,W. RICHARDSON, OGILVY AND SPEARE, F. AND C. RIVINGTON, R. BALDWIN, 8. HAYES, W. LOWNDES, J. SCATCHERD, W, BENT, G. AND T. WILKIE, G. KEARSLEY, T. N. LONGMAN, VERNOR AND HOOD, B. CROSBY, CADELL AND DAVI«S, H. MVRAAYy AND E« COLDSMlTHi 1796. 4 V-' , ■-... ) ■ IN ADVERTISEMENT. *T*HE pro^UtoPs of Brodces* General Gazetteer,' in e^av», having been at a great expence in the improvement of that voork ; particularly t by the introduiliQn of tht new geography of France, hy more accurate accounts of the various territories and government i in the Eaji Indies, and by the introduiiion of upward of om tbou- fand nevj articles ; have the fatisfaSiion to find, by a rapid fale, the mojl convincing proof of the approbation of the public. It ha» *ving been intimated, hovjever, that a Gazetteer of a /mailer Jize and price nvould be acceptable to many perfons, they have been in- duced to print this abridgement, in Vohich particular care has be'en taken to preferve the proper medium betvoeen a mere catalogue of places and that copioujhefs of defcriptitn vuhich cannot be admitted in a fmall edition* .^ * •• * • * The Maps given voith this nvark are, the World, placed before the Title ; Europe, Afia, Africa, North America, and South America, placed before their n/pe£live Defcriptions, lit THE w * A Delciipi taining, and, in the knoAl ries, and divi places from e of the inhab oi'diilrifls} t the world j ai have been dill To exhibit of the earth, d ner, without t have been con (hall endeavoi On the con rical body, is and water. '] every degree a 1, 600 fuch miles Englifh The circles re parallel to it. 3. The Horij The two Pola Tho Equ;> dilhnt from the world into is called the n( i«-the foutherr and the fume AN INTRODtJCTION T O GEOGRAPHY. at 'work \ France, >ernments ont tbou- \pid fale, aVerJize • been in' has he'en alogue of admitted i, placed ca, and ^yi '■-":' TH E word Geography Is derived frpm the Greek yn, eartB, ar<| yf»-this Gazetteer, are reckoned eaft or weft from the Meridian of London.— , 'J'he ufe of tiie brafs Meridian of a globe is to fiiow when it is noon or midnight at the place to which it is applied ] and alfo to find the latitude of places, north or fouth, from the equator. The Ecliptic is a great circle that cuts the equator diliquely, and. reprefents that path in the heavens, which tire fun feems to defcnbe by the earth''s annual courfe round it. It is divided into i « parts, called figns, and each of thofe into 30 more, called degrees, corrdponding to the 12 months, and the days of the month. The HoRl zoN Is a great circle, which divides the world into two equal parts or hemifpheres, of which one is fuperior and villble, and the other inferior and invifible. When the fun is above this circle it is then day, and when it is funk 18 degrees beneath it, night commences. Th"s circle is of wood, and the brafs meridian is inclofed therein with all the reft of the fphere : it is alfo immoveable, and on it are marked the degrees of tiie 12 figns of the ecliptic, and the days of the jz moiulis of the year* longitude of le Sun is in the world : igh the poles I to two equal aflfes through right angles. >ace of time orizon. As the number ged, as well eaft or weft ; ftill continue e zenith and lians, which iflial: but it vas placed by )f Ferro (the moft welkrly the longitude Dutch, Ger- this manner ; jwn country, ifh reckon it because all itions for the fore, in-this London.— it is noon or the latitude iquely, and. defcnbe by parts, called (ponding to to two equal nd the other is then day, Th"s circle 1 the reft of g:ees of the le year. (V) The Tropics are two fmall circles parallel to the equino5liJ| def- cribed by the firft points of the firft degrees of the figns termed Cancer and Capricorn, that is, where they touch the ecliptic. They are diftant from the equino6\iaI very near 13 degrees and a half. The fun defcribes thefe Tropics about the z i ft of J une, and the » i ft of December. When he touches the Tropic of Cancer, he makes the longeft day for the inha^ bitants between the equator and the north pole ; and when he comes to the beginning of Capricorn, he makes the longeft day for the people be- tween the equator and the fouih pole. On the contrary, the (horteft day to the former will be when the fun touches the Tropic of Capiicorn, and to the latter when he comes to the Tropic of Cancer. For this reafon, ihofe points are called the winter and the fumnier Tropics, or the fouth- ern and northern j and they are, as it were, the two barriers, beyond which the fun never pafles. . , • s —i^' * . .'J- ;, iv «i.:,.'' *,*» . -^r J . .■ een two pa* are increaled md this, we 10 more than rd the polar we arrive at urs. Thus : ii eafy to ' J as for in- te nr ed only- ten multiply of Lcniion. inal Poinds, Its included s means we th regard to h regard to eland is to We may nal : thus, weftward her, Spa?n on, on the '. fame may lole, or In or map?, ereral and inirpheie, ut in two aps which )r Africa j, However, particulru' only of a ds fcvciat ' ( vu ) An JJIand, or IJle^ isa portion of the earth entirely furrounded by watefr A Pen'mfuUit or Cberfonefuiy is a quantity of land which is joined to a continent only by a neck of the fame, it being every where elfe encom- pafled with water, as the peninfiila of the Crimea. Ad Ifthmusy or neck of land, is that part by which a penihfula t» joined to the land, as the illhmus of Darien. A ProTTumtory is a high p"<-t of land, which projeAs into the fea, and is commonly called a Cape, when it appears fike a mountain } but whea the advanced part has little elevation, it is termed a Point. Tlius thfr Cape of Good Hope is a mountainous promontory. An Ocean is a large collection of waters furrounding a confiderable part of the continent ; a« the Atlantic and Northern Oceans. A Sea is a fmaller colle£llon of waters, when underftood in a ftri£l fenle> as the Irifh Sea } but, in general, every part of the ocean may be called the fea } and it is ftill more general, when ttie terraqdCQus glob» is faid toconfitl of land and fea. ' . . '.' - ■ • > A Channel is a narrow fea. confined between an ifland and continent, or between two iflands, as the £t.glini Channel, St. George*a Channel, &c*. A C72<^is a part of the fea furrounded by land, except in one part» where it communicates with the ocean ; as the Gulf of Bengal, the Gulf of Florida j and yet thefe are more properly feas than the Mediterranean,^ the Baltic, and th^ Black Seas, which, properly fpeaking, are gulfs, z\ well as the Gulf of Venice. A Bay is faid to differ from a gulf only in being lefs, and more narrovr at the entrance than within j but this is far fronj being true ; for a bay has a wider entrance in proportion than a gulf, and it may beal(bJarger than fome gulf^j as for inftance, the Bayof Biicay j though it muft be acknowledged that bays in general are much fmaller. A Creek is a fmall inlet, and is always .luch lefs than a biy. A Rood is a place upon any coaft where there is a good anchorage^ and where veflels, in fome (enfe, are (heltered from the wind. A Strait h a narrow paflfage which joins two feas, two gulfs, or a fea and a gulf ^ fucb as the Sound, near the Baltic } and the Straits of Gib* raltar, between the Atlantic Qcean and the Mediterranean Sea« A Lake is a collection of ftanding water furrounded by land, having no vifible communication with the fea. Thus the Cafpian Sea is truly and properly a Uke* Smaller lakes are thole of Ladoga, Geneva, (ind? iieveral others. " - ' -' ' " Defcription of a Mafi^ ' The top of mofl modern Maps is confidered as the north. In old Maps, where this rule is not alwayr flriCtty followed, a Fleu< de Lis- is generally placed on ibme pait of it.t pointing toward thenuith. ■t':* I "•*.. :S ^y. (yui) On the top of the Map, between the marginal llneS) are placed the fe- verai Hgutvs, which (how the ntnnber of degrees, of eaft or weft longitude of every place that is dire^iy Under thofe figures, /it the bottom of moft Maps are placed the fame figures as thole at the top ; but in Maps of thfe beft fort, inftead thereof ai'e placed the number cf hours or minutes every place in it lies dittant, eaft or weft, from its chief town or firft meridian. For inftance, every place which is fituate one degree eaft of another, will appear to have the fun four minutes of time before it ; and any one place, fituate one degree weft of another, will appear to have the fun four mi- nutes of time after it. Again, a place fituate fifteen degrees eaft of us, as Naples, will appear to have the fun orie complete hour before us at London ; and a place fituate fifteen degrees weft of us, as the iftand of Madeira, will appear to have the fun one hour after us at London. On the right and left hand of every Map, between the marginal lines, are placed figures that ftiow tlie number of degrses, either north or fouth latitude, which every place parallel with them is diftant from the equator. Thus London is fituate 51 degrees 30 minutes of north latitude : that is, it is fo many degrees and minutes north from the equator. Over moft: Maps are drawn lines from the top to the bottom, and from the right hand to the left j thofe which run from the top to the bottom, are lines of longitude, and thofe which crofs them, lines of latitude ,j but thefe are fometimes omitted, when a Map is too full to admit of them. Kingdoms^ or Pro'vinceSf are divided from each other by a row of fingle points, and they are often ftained with different colours. Cities^ or great Toxvnst are made like little houfes, with a fmall circle in the middle of them 5 but fmaller toiuns or 'villages are maiked only with little circles. Mountains are imitated in the form of Jittle rifing hillocks • andforejls are reprefented by a colleftion of little trees. The names of ern, runs throt fBiz and Thun Biiien, Solcuic, [gen, ^--burg, A l.".-iiig joinevl by I nvir, eiiters the z.ich. Gold duf I conveyed to it by Aakbehg. for otlier words I look under a fing Abac II, a to\ IDiMubi', fcven m lit h.is a citadel, 1 1^ s- ^: THE •^" " .l^' GENERAL GAZETTEER.-^ ■V ■<■ ABA ' A A, a river of Dutch Frabant, which waters Helmont, and falls into the Domme!, near Bois-le -due. A A, a riv»r of the United Pro- vinces, which waters Zwoll, and en- teis the Vecht, oppofite Haflck. Aa, a river ofWeftphalia, which rifes near Muniler, waters that city, and f.tlh into th: Embs. A A, a river of France, which is ravigable from St. Omer to Grave- lines, where it enters the German O- cean. A A, a river of Samogitia, which falls inro tlfie gulf of Riga. A/., a r.v.?r of Swifll-riand, which rifo' in the valley of Engcllnrg, an^i cvoihrig ITnderwjlden, falls into the \Vaid!t.ettcr Sec. Near the abbey of EngelbiVig, k has r. noble cataraft. Aar, a ,iver of SwifTeiland, which ifluis fiotf, a lalcc in the canton of r>ern, runb through the lakes of Bii- rBiz and Thun, to Bern, Aiberg, Bluen, Solcurc, Waiigcn, Arwan- gen, i^fburg, Arai', and Brugg, and l)i.'iiig joined by the Reiifs and Ijim- nvir, enters the Rhine below Zur-- zich. Gold duft is found in its btd, conveyed to it by the river Enimc, Aarbekg. See Arex'-rij .niu [for other words bLginning with Aa, I look under a fingle A. Abacii, a town ot'n.ivina, on the iD^iuibc, Icven miles SW of Ratilbn'u jit has a citadel, and it remuik.ible for ABB Roman antiquities and fume fine fprings of mineral water. Abakanskoi, a fortified town of Siberia, in the province of Tobolflc» (eated ot: the Janefka. Lon. 54 5 E, lat. 53 5 N. Abalak, a town of Siberia, twa miles from TobolHc ; famous for an image of the Virgin, much vifited. bj^' piignms. Aba NO, a village Italy, five miles SW of Padua; famous tor i^S/ v.arm baths. "* Abaraner, a town of Armenia, ao miles N of Nikfivan. Abaskaja, a town of Siberia, on tlie river Ifchim. The church is i\w~ rounded by a rampart aiid paliCjdcs, and gairifoncd by d jgoons. Lon. 6') 5 E, lat. 50 lo N. Abbeville, a town of France, In the department of Sommc, dividtd by the river Somme into two parts. It has fevern! manuf^dtorics; on-, in par- ticular, of w.jolleji cloth. It i-i 5.>. miles S of C.ilai--, and 80 N by W of Paris. Aubev RcYLE. SeeBoY.i:, Akbey Hoj.M. See Holm. Abbey Milton. See Milto.v. Abbots, or Apewoob C/> ttls, in Staflordflii.e, on a lofty round pra- niotit'iry, and a (K-cp ridge of hilli (conjcduied '.o have been one Ci»n- tlnuiid foriifi-ation, and a work of tlia ancient Briions) fevcii mi>Ck ItoiM Wolverhampton. M\N! ABE Abbots Bromlev, orpACirs- I^■Ro^:r,T,Y, a town of Stafibrdfhirc, With a mirkct on Tucfday, fix miles E of Staft'ord, and 129 NW of Lon- don. Arbotsbury, a town in Dorfet- iliire, with a market on Thurfday, fe- vcn miles SW of Dorclufter, and 127 W by S of liOiidoM. Akbots-Lanclky, a village in Herts, four miles SW of St. Alban's, famous for being the birthplace of Ni- cholas Breakfpeare, who, under the name of Adria;i IV, was the only Eng'ifhman that ever became pope. Ar.ENRADK, a flourifliing town of Slefwhck, in a territory of its own name, fratcd on a bay of the Baltic. Lon. 9 14 £, lat. 55 6 N. Abensperg, a town of Bavaria, on the river Abens, 1 5 miieu SW of Katifbrin. Aeeravon, a town of Clamor- ganfliire, that had a market, now dif- ufcd. It Is ffated at the mouth of the Avon, 19 miles NW of Cowbridge, and 195 W of London. ABERBR0THWICK,0rARBROATH, a neat borough of Ani^usfhire. It has a confiderable manufadorv of fiilclolh and linen, and the magnificent ruins of an abbey, faid to have been found- ed by William the Lion in 1 178. It is 15 miles NE of St. Andrew's. Aberdeen, Otn, a city of A- berdecnlhirc, on the Don, over which is a bridge, of one arch, refling upon two oppofite rocks. Here is an an- cient cathedra', in which are two places of vvorfhip; and a college, call- ed King's C.)ilcge. Abfkcjf. EN, New, a city of A- bcrdecnfliire, about one mile from Old Abcidccn, on an eminence, on the liver Dee J over which, two miles a- hove the town, ib an elej^ant bridge of fcvcn arches. The co.lege, founded Jjy earl Marilchal, in I593» and called JVlarifthal Collegia, is an ancii-nt edi- fice, n^fidc two paiilh churches and fbf college kirk, there is erir,g- ^oufcb \ a haiidfome t«iwnli)iifc, G.)r- «l);i's hofjitil, an infi.mary, and a eramniar-fchooU 'J'ho haibouri 4C ABE the mouth of the Dee, is defended by « ftrong ftone pier. At^erdeen has a good coafting and foreign trade, with manu- faftorics fir ftockings, cottons, &c. and a fine falmon fifhcry. Thr num- ber of inhabitants in Old and New A- bcrdecn, and the fub-urbs, is cftimated at 2c,coo. Abiirdcen is 84 miles NE of Edinburgh. Lon. i 50 W, lat. 57 6N. Aberdeenshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the NW by Banft'ihire and the Dcveron ; on the N and NE by the German Ocean ; on the S by the counties of Kincar- dine, Angus, and Perth ; and on the W by Invernefslliire. Its length is 80 miles J its breadth 29. 'i he NE part extending toward the river Ythan, is c,al!eJ Buchan. There is much ex- cellent pafture in the high narts ; and the level tradl, called Strath.b jgic, con- tains well-cultivated fiJds. Aberdour, a village of Fife/hire, on the fiith of Forth, la miles from Edinburgh. Here the earl of Murray was murdered, in 1592, on fufpicion of having gained the atfedtions of the queen. Aberford, a town in the W ri- ding of Yoikfhire, with a market on WednefJay, 16 miles SW cf York, and i?4 NNW of Lr.ndon. Aeerfraw, a village of the ifle of Anglefey, formerly a place of great account, the princes of N Wales ha- ving a palace here. It is fix miles NW of Newhurgh. Abergavenny, atownofMon- mouUiihire, containing two churchu and an eld caftle. It has two markets, on Tuefdiy and Friday. It is 16 miles W of Mohmouth, and 143 W by N of London. A b r. u N E T H Y , a town of Murray- ftiirc, on the river Spey, formerly the feat of the Pidifli kings, a.'id after- ward an archiepiCcopal fee. Ahek YsrwiTH, a t')Wn of Cardl- ganihire, on the Rlddal, near its con- fUuMice with th". Khviih, where it fills itit.) Cardigau Bay. The mar- kcl, on Monday, is confiderable. It is 30 m'les N E of C.irdigan, and ac] WNW of London. Abejc, Red Sea, Abyfiinia Egypt on jan to the country, c habitants .- Abiad bcx, on a ir.ark.ible 1 iomatic pi; , Ariac in the dui E, lat. 45 A b I N c; the Thame day and Fr and other held here, and a hai h !iaits J and ithbude, con- Is. e of Fifcfhire, [% miles from :arl of Murray , on fufpicion eftions of the in the W ri- a market on ,W of York, Ion. ijje of the ifle pl.ice of gicat N Wales ha- X is fix miles 1 town of Mon- twu churches Is two markets, jy. It is 16 1, and 143 W m of Murmy- k formerly the Ws, aad after- fee. It')wn of Cardi- |l, near its con- iili, where it The mar- fiifiderablc. It Idigati, and ac] ABO A'B'Ejf, a country of Afr'ca, on the Rt'd Sea, which hounds it on the E ; Abyflinia and Nubia lie on the VV ; Egypt on the N ; and the coaft cf A- jan to the S. It is a Tandy, barren country, deftitutj of water. The in- habit.ints are Mahometans. Abiad, a town on the coaft of A- bcx, on a high mmir.tain. It is rc- jrarkable for its trade in ebony and a- iomatic planti. Ariagras^o, a town, on a canal in the ducliy of Milan. Lon. 9 24 E, lat. 45 zo N. Abingdon, a town rf Berks, on the Thames j with a market on Mon- day and Friday. The aflizes, lefiions, and other county meetings, are often held here. Here are two churches, and a handf<.me townhalt. Grciit quantities of ma't arc maic here, and fent in bargts to London. Ic fends one member to parlLinimt, and is fe- ven miles S of Oxford, and 56 W of London. Abiui., a town of Bclra, in Por- tugal. Lon. 7 10 W, lat. 40 ao N. Aukha-s, rneof the fcven nations in tlic c imtri'.'s between the Black Sea and the Cnfpian. Their principal eftabliAmcnts arc on the fouthern fiopc of the mountains between the river Cuban and the Black Sea. They are tributary to the Turks. They have, at prefent, very little religion, al- il^ough they Itill prcferve fome traces of Chriftianity. Their capital is A- nacoplr, formerly Nicnpfis. Ap.o, a feaport, the c.ij'ita! of Swe- difli Finland, on the point wh'.'fe the jTulfs of Bothnia and Finl.ind unite. It c>)nt:a'ns fi.vtr.il bi-ick hmifes ; but the gcncr.iliTy are of wo :d, painted red. The ii>hablt,''nts i xport linen, cnr-i, fl.ix, and iron. Here is a uni- vcrlity ; ai-d here likcwlfe is a roysl 1 ••uanic gn'dc'u Ab) is an rp'fropi! if., 1^0 r-iiles NE (f Stnckhoim. L,;). 2 7. iK F,, lar, to 27 N. AEou^IG^-, Arinisir, or Ano- r:i)r:, a town in Upper Egypt, near tiic Nile, where there- gr-o\vs plenty of I ppics, of which the beft opium is ni.ide. A B Y Abrahamsdorf, a town in Hun- gary. Lon. 19 50 E, lat. 46 20 M. Abrantes, a tovvn of Portugal, in Eftramadura, on the river 'I'ajo, It contains 35,000 inhabitants. Lon, 7 18 W, lat. 39 13 N. / Abreiro, a town of Tra-los-mon- tes, in Portugal. Lo.i. 7 10 W, Ut. 41 7,0 N. AuKOLHos, dangerous fhoals, 5* miles from the coaft of 3;anl, near the ifluid of St. Barbe. A B R U G - B A N Y a , 3 pOpuloUS tOWn in Tranfylvania, on the river Ompay, 35 miles above Alba Julia. Abruzzo, a f;;ri:i!c province of Naples, divided into two parts by the river Pefcara j the one cai.ed UJLerio- re, the other Citcriore. The woods abound with bears and wolves. A B YD 5, a town and caftle of Na- talia, on the ftraitof Galiipoli. Hers all /Iiips from the Atch'pel 'gp ;iic feaiched. Lon. 27 36 E, lat. 40 j6N. Abyo, one of the Philippine Jf. lands. Lon. 122 15 E, lat. 10 o N, AnvstiiMA, a kingdom of Afri- ca, bounded on the N by Scnnarj on the E by the Red Sea and Dancala ; on the W by Gorham ; and on the S by Gingiro and Ahiba ; lying be- tween G and £0" N lat. and 26 and 400 E lon. It is about 900 miles long, and 800 broad. The rainy fea- fon continues from April to Septem- ber. This is fucceeded, without in- terval, by a cloudlcfs fky, and a ver- tical fun. Cold nights as inftantly follow thefe fcorthing days. The c.irtli, notvvithftanding tlicfe days, is perpctujily cold, Co as to feel difigrce- ahle to the foles of the feet. No country pr "duces a g;reat('r variety of C',r,;d;upeds ; but the.e are no tigi'rs. The hyenas are numerous, and dread- ful in their ravages. Befide e.igle.s, vultirrc'-, i''.:c. there is a fpecics of gledf, cjltrd hrd'.layn, which is iike- wife very frct^uent in FLtypt, a:'J conies pur.dtuii'y into Ab)i!ini,i, at the re urn of the I'up, after llur tropi. caJ rains. Storks cover the plains In May, when ihe r-.iins become c-ui- ftant. The few owls are of great fize Ba ACH ACR V)i beauty. The moft remarkab'e infeft is the TtfalcfaJ or fly, which is fo fatal to cattle, and even to the ca- mel, that, in fome parts, grea^ ^mi- grations take place in the beginning of the rainy feafon, to prevent all the cattle from being deftroyed. Their religion is a mixture of Judiafm and of the Chriftiaiiity of the Greek church. Their language is the Ethiopic, which bears a gveat affinity to the Arab'c. Acadia. See Nova Scotia. AcANNY, an inland country of Guinea, affording the beft gold, in great plenty, Lon. o 30 E, lat. 8 30 AcAPULCO, a confideraWe town of Mexico, feated on a bay of the N pacific Ocean. Every year a rich fliip is fcnt to ManiDa; and anotlier re- turns annually thence, laden with the commodities of the £ Indies. Lon. joz 10 W, lat, 17 22 N. AcAKiA, a town of Paraguay, buiic bv the Jefuits, in 1624. Lon. 51 5 W, lat. 26 o S. AcERENZA, a town of the pro- vince of Bafilicata, in Naples, former- Jy the fee of an aichbi/hop. Lon. 16 5 E, lat. 40 20 N. AcERNO, a town in the Principato Citeriore of Naples, with a bi/hop's fee, 12 miles NE of S^.Icrno. Acer R A, a town of Nap'es, on the liver Agno, kven miles NE of Naples. AcH, a town of Suabia, in the lanJgravate of Nellenburg, on the ri- ver Ach, I4milc5 NE of Schaffhau- fen. AcKAM, a country in Afia, l^ound ed on the N by Bootan, on tlie E by China, on the S by Burmah, and on the W by Hindooftan. Acheen, a kingdom in the NW part of Sumatra. It is comparatively healthy, being more free from woods and fw.imps than other parts of the ifland. Its proi;u6ls are fine fruits, J- ce, cottoa, gold duft, and fulphur. The Achecnefe are, in gencrril, ta'Ie-, fiauttr, and niuch d.irker-comp)exio:i- ed than the other Sumatrans; more a^ive and induil.ious cha.i their neigh- bours, With more fagacity and pene- tration. They are Mahometans. Acheen, the capital of a kingdom of the fame name, in Sumatra, feated on a river, near the NW point of the ifland. The houfes are built of bam- boos and rough timbers, and are raifed fome feet from the ground, this part of the coimtry being overflowed in the rainy feafon. The king's palace is a rude piece of architedure, a mile and a half in circumference, furrounded by a deep moat and ilrong walls. A- cheen is 1000 miles SE of Madras. Lon. 95 34 E, lat. 5 2z N. AcHMETSCHET, a town in the Crimea. Lon. 33 20 E, lat. 45 oN. AcHYR, a town and cuftle of the Ukraine, on the river Uor/kb, 127 miles E of K.iof. AcKEN, a towrj in the duchy of Magdeburg, with a citadel. It ftands on the Elbe, five miles below Deflaw. AcoMA, a town of New Mexico, on a high mountain, with a caftle. It is ihe capital of the province. Lon. IC4 '5 W, lat, 35 o N. Ac(^s, a tow.i of France, at the foot of the Pyrenees, in the depart- ment of Arriege. Its vicinity is no- ted for hot fprings. Ljn. i 40 E, lat. 43 o N. AcQ^UA, a town in Tufcany, no- ted for warm baths. Lon. 12 jo E, luC. 43 45 N. AcQ_UArENDENTE, 3 tOWn of Orviet' , with a bi/hop's fee, on a mountain, near the river Paglla, 50 m'le; N by W of Rome. AcQ_UARiA, a t wn in Frigana, a diftridt of Modeni, rcmarkab e for its medicinal waters, 12 miles S of Mo- dena. AcQ_UAvjvA, a town of Terra di Bari, in Naples. Lon. 1620E, lat. 41 10 N. AcQ^ur, a town of Montfcrrat. It has commodious b.uhs, is a bifhop's fee, and featd on the Hormia, 25 miles NW of Gjnoa. AcRA, a t:)W!i on the coafl of Gui- nea, where the Engliih, Dutch, and Danes, have forts, and each fort its village. Lon. a W, lat. 5 o N. 4 ■t ■i,,. ? :. "r, . — •!•>> g walls. A- a town of 's fee, on a :r Faglia, 50 in Frigana, a jrkab.e for ks Ics S of Mo- ri of Terra di 16 20 E, lati ;r "V-. ■, (".;■■ r4: ' ,■ .-. .- "I^^ ■ ■■V,.. •..*■ ••'; - i' ''• 11, ,T«^' -j'^. '•* ■■£■ v-*; • " iT'l- !•,'»■ Iff: r -■- '.^ V v.jwx'j'* •:.*,?;«■ '* ■ D»i . .... •»"•--"' '1.-. V •-■ ■•i>-,vh«-j'-s^;i>*lf-'i EfynoftAl^ BJUtear iift Urot^ktg' A ■■.j.rit£lrV;:*f i\\ \^r ■;S li.^„ ji'-;;vJV. 0*'w'#// «*^ ^ J..^'.:; .1-. N % JV ADO Acre, a feaport of Palcftlne, for- inerly called Pcolemais. It is a bi- /hop's fee, and, in the time of the crufades, underwent fcveral fieges. It is 37 miles N of Jcrufalem. y\cRON, a territory on the Gold coad of Guinea, where the Dutch have a fort. It is called Little Acron, Great Acron being farther inland, and ^ kind uf republic. Acton, East, a village in Mid- dlefex, fix m'lrs W of Loiidjn, no- ted for its mi iicinal waters.) AfTON UuRNEL, a village in Shropfliire, eight miles from Shrewf- bury. A parliament was held here in the reign of Edward I, when the lords fat in the caftle, and the com- mons in a barn, which is ftill (land- ing. A great pait of the caltle re- mains. Adam's-Pike, a high mountain in Ceylon ; on the top of which the natives believe the Hrft man was cre- ated. Adana, an ancient town of Na- toiia, with a bifhop's fee, feated on the Choquen, 25 miles NE of Teraflb. Adda, a river, which rifes in the country of the Orifons, and falls into the Po, near Cremona. A DEL, a fertile kingdom of Afri- ca, called alfo Zeib, from Its capital. It lies on the S coaft of the ftrait of BabelmardeL The inhabitants are Mahometans. Aden, once a rich but ijC-.v aban- doned feaport of Arabia Felix, 60 miles E of Mocha. Adenburo, or Aldenburg, a town of the duchy of Berg, iz miles NE of Cologne. Adige, a river of Italy, which rifes in the Alps, and runs, by Trent and Ncrona, into the gulf of Venice. Admiralty Islanps, a cluftcr ofiflinds in the S I'acilic Occati, to the NW of New Ireland. They were difcovered in 17C7 j fome of them appear of conliderable extent ; and the centre one is fuppofed to be in Ion. 146 44 £, lat. 2 18 S. Adon, a populous village. In the province of Stuhl-Weiil'emburg, in Hungary. Lon. 19 25 E| lat. 47 33 N, APR Adont, a town of Golconda, in the peninfula of Hindooftan, on the river Tungebadda, 175 miles SW of Hydrabad. Adour, a river of France, which runs by Tarbes and Dax, and falls in- to the bay of Bifcay below Bayonnc. Adra, a feaport of Granada, in Spain, 47 miles SE of Granada, A D R I A , a town in the territory of Venice, which g-ves name to the A- driatic S?a. It is a bifhop's fee, 25 miles SSW of Venice. Adrian oPLE, a large town of Romania, with an archbifhop's fee j fea'ed on the river Marazi, 115 miles NW of Conftantinople. Adriatic. See Venice, GuiP OP. Adventure Island, a fmall iflind in the S Pacific Ocean. Capt, Cook found the people to be mild and cheerful, but almoft totally devoid of activity. Lon. 144 17 W, lat. 17 5S. • Aozsr?OTAi a town of Valencia, in Spain, feated on mount Pegna Go- lofa. Lon. 2 16 W, lat. 39 10 N. • i^GADES, three fmall iflands, on the W fide of Sicily : their names are Levenzo, Favignana, and Maretama. AxRSHOT, a town in Brabant, on the river Demcr, ten miles £ of Mechlin. ./Etna. See Etna. AFRICA, one of the four princi- pal parts of the world ; bounded on the N by the Mediterranean j on the W by the Atlantic ; on the E by the ifthmus of Suez, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean ; and on the S by the Southern Ocean. It is a penin- fula, joined to Afia by the ifthmus of Suez. Its grcateft length, from N to S, is 4600 miles, and its greateft breadth 3500. The greateft part of it is within the torrid zone, which renders the heat almoft infupportable in many places. However, die coafts in general are very fertile, the fruits excellent, and the plants extraordi- nary. There are more wild beafts ,than in any other part of the world j and there are fome animals peculiar to this country ; as the hippopotatnus^ AG A or livfr-horfc, and the bcaut'ifi)! ftripcd J brj. There arc fevcral licfcrts, and inap.y large rivers ; but the principal ar; the Nile and the Niger, ot" which Jart, the Senegal and the Gjinbia are only branche*. The moil conlidcrable mountains, arc the Atlas, the Moun- tains of" the iMoon, and the Sierra Lconc. The i..habitant$ ccnlifl of Pagans, Mahometans, and ChrWliars. Tlie firll, who poflefs the far gnateft p.irt of the country, from t\u'. tropic of Cancer to the Cape of Good H(.pr, aro the moft numerous, and are black. The Mihometans, wlio are tawny, poni-fs Eiiyptand the coaftof Baibaiy. The people of Abyflinia are Chrif- tians, but retain many Pagan and Jewifli rites. In the N of Africa are lume Jews. The principal divifions cf Ahica, are Barbary, Egypt, Bile- ciulgerid, Z.ihata, NegrolanJ, Guinea, Bornou, Calhna, Fezzan, Sennar, A- tyflinia, A hex, Loango, Congo, An- gi'la, Bcrgu.'la, Mataman, Zangue- b.'.r, Moncm tapa, Monmu^ij SofoJa, Caffrivia, and the country of the Hot- tentots. In 1788, an afTociation was iortned, for the purpofe of having the iJK'-rior regions of Africa explored, Mr. Ledyard and Mr. Lucan were fe- kn. o o, lat. 6 o N. AgG£RHU> i. SecCKRISTI.^KI.^. AeuRiM, a village in the county of GalA'ay, memorable for the vi6tory> gained in 1691, by the army of ki;!g "Willi.im, ever that of James II. Aghisin, a town \n the county of Wicklow, 13 miles SW of Wick- low. Agimire, or AzMERE, the ca- pital of a territory of the fame name, in Hind,^oftan Piojier, at the foot of a very hi"h mountain, on the top of which is a lortrefs of great :1rcngth. It is 250 miles W of Agra. Lon. 75 20 E, lit. 26 35 N. AciKCOURT, a village of France, in the department of the Straits of Ca- lais, feven miles N of Heidin, Near V:h place, Henry V obtained a fignal vi<^oiy over the French, in 1415. Ag.mat, a town of Morocco, on a river of the fame name, and on the declivity of one of the mountains of Aftas, 16 miles S of Morocco. Af.MONDESH.'^M. ScC AmER- 3.HAM. AGN.\DELLqA, a village of the If ar the moutTt nea, So miles France, in the , on the river s mouth in the :;s NEof Nar- jwn of France, department of ihe Garonne, ^nfivlerable ob- of which the niities for long f the hemp ill manuf.iftured is fent to Ca- Spaiiifh iflands. mufaflovies of ilcioth. Agea irdeaux. vn of Tranfyl- ' Hermanftadt. Catalonia, in lat. 41 army of kiiig air.es II. the county of ISW of Wiclc- irRE, the ca- Ihe fame r.ame» lat the foot of on the top of great ilrcngth. Ijra. Lon. 75 llage of France, le Straits of Ca- iKeldin. Near Itained a fignol ji, in I4I5. (Morocco, on a |c, and on the mountains of lorocco. Sec Amer- iflllage of the AHU Milmefc, f.;mou5 for a viftory gained by L^vvis Xll, over the Venetians, in J 509, and by the duke of Vcndome over prince Eui;'*ne, in 1705. It is H.e miles SE nf Caflano. , Ar.NANO, a circular lake, in the kingdom of Naples, fcven miles from ]'uzz:)li. It \i about half a mile in d' imctcr, fur.'oundcj by mountains ; and on its mn,gia is licu^ted tlie fa- mous Grotu del Cane. See Cane, Cjbotta del. AnosTA, a fsaport of Sici'y, the grcaUft part of which was delhoyed by an earthquake, in l6(;3. Lon. 15 15 E. lac. 37 5i N. AckA, the capital of a province of the fame name, in Hi-idoadan Pro- per, feated on the river Jumtia. Jt wai once the nT)ft fplendid of all the Iijian cici'S, and nw, exhibits the mod ma;jniric2nt r'lios. In 1566, the emperor Acbar made it his capi- tal, and gave his name to it ; fince which time it is often named Acbar- abad. It is 100 miles S by E of Del- hi. Lon. 78 28 E, lat. 27 o N. AoREDA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, eight miles SW of Tarazo- na. A CRT A, a town of Upper Hun- gary, with a bifhop'fi fee and a cita- del. It was taken fcy the Turks in 1596, and retaken in 1687. It is feaf^d on the river Agria, 47 miles NE of Buda. Agrignan, one of the Ladrone ifands, 40 miles in compafs. Lon. 146 o £, lat. 19 40 N. Agua-de-Pao, a town in the i- Hand of St. Michael, one of the A- zorcs. Lon. ^5 40 W, lat. 38 c N. Aguas-Bellas, a town of Por- tugal, in Elbamadura. Lon. 8 5 W, lat. 39 40 N. Aguila, a town of the kingdom of Fez, feated on the river Aguila. Aguilar, a town of Spain, in Navarre, 24 miles W of Eftcila. Agurandz, a town of France, In the department of Indre. Lon. 2 zo E, lat. 47 20 N. Ahuys, a town of Sweden, in the province of Gothland, with a good AIG harbour, 15 miles SE of Chriftian- iladt. AjACCio, or Aj A2«o, a fine fca- port of Corfica, on the W fide of the i/land, bui't on a yo'int of land that juts ir to the gulf. IjOn. 8 50 E, lat. 35 50 N. AjAezo, a feaport of Caramania^ feated on the Mediterranean, 40 m;leii W cf Aleppo, where ftood the city ok' IlFus, and Alexander tbught his fe- cond battle with IXuius. AiCH, a town of Bavaria, on the Par. It was taken and burnt by the Swedes i:i 1 634. Lon. 11 zo £, lat. 48 3T N. AicKSTAT, a town of Franconia, capital of a bllhopric of the fame name, fcatfd on th» river Altmul, 30 miie* S of Nuiemburg. The bilhop- ric is 45 miles in length, and 17 in breadth. AiKLLO, a town ofAbruzzoUI- teriore, in the kingdom of Naples, belonging to the hereditary prince of Modena. Lon. 15 20 £> lat. 41 40 N. Aigle, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Bern, feated on the Rhone, fix miles from the lake of Geneva. All the houfes are built of a white marble, found in the neigh- bourhood. Aigle, a town of France, in the department of Orne, 47 miles SW o2 Rouen. AiGNAN, St. a town of France, in the department of Loir and Cher, feated on the Cher, 60 miles W of Bourgcs. Aig«x-Per»k, a town of France, in the department of Puy-de-Dome, 18 miles N of Clermont, and z6i S of Paris. It has a fountain, the cold water of which has the appearance of boiling, and is faid to be fatal to the animals that drink it. AjGuisMoRTE9,at»wn of France, in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone. It is very ftrong, on ac- count of its fituation among the mo- rales. It had a harbour, which is now choked up. Lon. 4 3 £« lat»- 43 34 N. B4 AIX ALA Alt AH, a town of Arabia Petrea, en the E fide of the Red Sea. Lon. 36 40 £, (at. 29 10 N. AiLESBURY) a rich vale in the centre of Buckinghannihire, one of the moft fciui^tatts in Englai'd. AiLESBURY, the laigi.ft town in Buckingham fhire, with a market on Satuniay. In the market-place is a hall, in which this town fhares the aHTizes with Buckingham. The in- habitants of this town, and its neigh- bourhood,* have the art of rearing early ducklings, which is carried to a grent extent. It fends two members to par- liamcntj and is 16 miles S£ of Buck- ingham, and 41 NW of London. Lon. o 42 W, iat, 51 50 N, AiLSA, a great infuiated rock, to the S of the iflc of Arran. Its bafe is two miles in circumference. It con- lifts of a ftupendous afTemblage of pre- cipitous cliffs, forming a pyramidal mountain, 900 feet high, acceflibic only on the NE, The ruins of a chapel and cattle are ftill feen ; and near the latter, is a fpring of frefh water. The kjwer parts are inhabited by goats and rabbits, and the lofty Summits by innumerable fea fowls. AiN, a department of France, late- ly the province of Breffe ; fo c-.licd tro"/: a river which rifes at the foot of JViuunt Jura, and falls Into the Rhone, above Lyons. \iRK, a town of France, in the dfp..rtmenn of Landes, I'eated on the river Adour, on the declivity of a i^iountain, 65 miles S of Bourdcaux. y\iRr, a fortified town of France, In the department of the STaits of Calais, fcated on the Lis, 22 milts S of Dunkirk, and communicating with St. Omer, by a canal from the Aa. AisNE, a department of France, including the late provinces of Soiflbn- nois and Vermandois. It takes its name from a river which runs by Soif- fons, and falls into the Oife, near C'ompicgne. A IX, an ancient city of Fiance, tlie mctropulicin fee of the department of the Mouths of the Rlione, feated in a plain, where there arc hot batliG near tJke liver Arc. It is 75 niiles E of Montpellier. Lon. 5 31 £> Iat. 43 32 N. Aix, an ancient town of Savoy, or the lake of Bourget. Here are mine- ral waters, much frequented. It is eight miles N of Chamberry. Aix, a fmall ifland of France, be- tween the ifle of Oleron and the con- tinent J memorable for an expedition of theEngliflijin 1757, againft Roc nc- fort, when they returned without do- ing any thing, except demolirtiing the fort of this ifland. It is i» miles NW of Rochefort. Aix-la-Ckapelle, a free and imperial city ofWeftphalia. The em- peror Charlemagne is interred lu the church of Notre Dame, where they keep his fword and belt, and the Four Evangelifts, written in letters of gold, which are made ufe of at the corona- tion of the emperors. Its famous mi- neral waters draw a great number of perfons every year. In 1668 and 1748, it was diftinguilhed by two treaties of peace. It was taken by the French in 1792, retaken by the Auf- trians in 1793) and a^ain taken by the Fienth in 1 794. It is zz mile; NE of Lieje. Akissat, a town of Natolia, the ancient Thyatira, inhabited by 5000 Mahometans, and feated on the river Hermits, 50 miles SE of Pergamo. Alava, or Alas A, one of the three divifions of the province of Bif- cay. in Spain, b .inJed on tiiC* N by Guipiifcoa and Bifcay Proper, on th« E by N-ivarrc, on the S by Old Caf- ti!e, and on the W i)y that province and Bifcay Proper. Vittoria is the capiul. Ai.ADULiA, a province of Turkey in Afu, between Amifla and ':he Me- diterranean, toward Mount Taurus. Tlie country is rough, ftony, and in- accefliblc, on account of the great number of mountains. But there a e good paftures, and they breed excel- lent horfes and camels. v\lagoa, a town in the ifle of St. Michael, one of the Azores. Ala IS, a town of France, in the depni tmcnt of Card, feated on the n* ver Gardon, at the foot of the Ceven« nes. It was late] citadel, pellier, Alan entrance Baltic, miles lon tains 15 governme is 75 mil( 20 o E, Alat mawh.iw, called a'fo It rifes in and flowin itfelF, by i lantic. Alatr na of Rom fee, 40 mi A L a T Y the river S; Alaut Europe, wh that feparati nia, runs tl ters the Djd Alba, a a bijhop's fei naro, 20 mi Alba ]\ ya.'iia, with verfity ; feal liill, near th Wof Herms Albani. In Europe, biv.inded on t E by Janna the N'by Bo Alb A NO, fame na.ne, Ron^e, with ritory about In all this CO men have g fpcnd the fun E ot'Rnme.- Alk ANO, of Naples, re of the fo'l, ai ktbitauts. ;, Ut. 48 Savoy, or are niine- ;d. It is ranee, be- i the con- expedition iftRocbc- ithout do- ilifliing the miles NW I free and The em- red iu the irhere they d the Four :rs of gold, :he corona- 'amoua mi- number of 1668 and ed by two iken by the y the Auf- dccn by the I mile: NE atoUa, the by 5000 the river ergamo. )ne of the nee of Bif- tliii N by )er, on the Old Caf- t province ria is the of Turkey ';he Mc- TauiuSi y, and in- the great there ae :cd exccl- liflc of St. cc, in the [on the ri» ic Cevcn« ALB nes. It contains 10,000 inhabitants, was lately an epifcopal fee, and has a citadel. It is 37 miles N oi Mont- pellier. Aland, a clufter of Iflands, at the entrance of the gulf of Bothnia, in tiie Baltic. The principal ifland is 40 miles long, and 12 broad. It con- tains 15 villages; is included in the government of Swedi(h Finland j and is 75 miles N E of Stockhofm. L?n. 20 o £, lat. 60 o N. Alatamaha, pronounced Otia- mawhiw, a noble river of N America, called a'fo St. George's River. It rifes in the Allegany mountains, and flowing through Georgia, empties kl'ulf, by feveral mouths, into the At- lantic. Ar, ATRi, a town in the Campag- na of Rome, on a hill, with a biihop's fee, 40 miles SE of Rome. AtATYR, a town of Ruflla, on ihc river Suru, 40 miles E of Kafan. Alauta, a river of Turkey in Europe, which riTes in the mo mtains that feparate Moldavia and Tranfylva* ria, runs thro'.igh Waiachia, and en- ters the Danube, near Nicopolis. Alba, a town of Montferrat, with a biihop's fee, feated on the river Ta- naro, 20 miles SE of Turin. A I. B A J u L I A , a city of Tran fyl- ya:iia, with a birtif^p's fee, and a uni- verfity ; feated on the declivity of a hill, near the river Ompais, 25 mlJcs W of Hermanftadt. Albania, a province of Turkey In Europe, on the gulf of Venice; l)>v.inded on the S by Livadia, on the E by Janna and Macedonia, and on the N by Bofnia and Dalmatia. Albano, a town, on a lake of the fame name, in the Campagna of Roa'e, with a bifh'-p's fee. The ter- ritory about it produc?-^Ic!> picduces all kinds of gralK, ex- but foon after abandoned. ceii.i.t wines, flax, hemp, h-ifron, Alcazar- nE-SAi,, a town of jnilcd, coriander, ind woad. Its fine Portuga!, in Elhamaduta, with a cal- palcures and Jhccp afibid wool of a gov.d tie reckoned iinprcg' able. Fine white nuaiity, whith is manufudluvcd into fait is made here, whence the town knit {locking?, ratteens^ coariti- wool- takes its name. It is feated on the ri- icns, &c, 'The wax candles of Alby vcr Cadoan, 15 miles from the fea, are cqo.'l in whiteiiefs to thofe of and 35 SE of Lifbon. Alcoutim, a town of Portugal, in Algarva, feated on the river Guadi- ana. Lon. 7 20 VV, lat. 37 10 N A* CUDJA, a town of Majorca, be- twee 1 two large harbours. Lun. 3 o Ai CAiA PF.-Hr.NAREZ a town E, lat. 39 50 N. ofS'tain, in New Caltile, with a fa- Aldborough, a borough and fea- ni r..:: univerfity, a fine library, and ^ port in Suffolk, with a market on calllc. It is feated on the Henarcz, Wednefday and Saturday. It is go- 15 miles ENE of Madrid. verned by a bailiff, 11 aldermen, and Ai.cALA- DE-Rf AL, 3 town of 24 common-council- men, and wasoncc Sp.iin, iu Andalufiu> with a famous znucU lunger, but the fea has t»U&ea Mans. This town is 42 miles NE of Touloufe, and 335 S of Paris. A I. C A I. A D E • G L' A D AI R A , a tOWn of Aiidblufia, on tlic ri.er Gu.idaira, iive miles SE of Seville. river Sa- ke UniteiJ In the en- butter and ; the iiiieft WofHm- ily, in the t of Mount it. 38 * N. ied town of chief place ne. It has the Tajo, ken by t)i« out retaken mi'.es N by of Spain, in , lat. 37 40 pain, in La Itle. It has s feated near quiver, 135 f Spain, in Su.iiiamana» h hill, 100 a tovM of itcd on the as taken by 1, in 1468 j |a town of with a cal- Fine white :e tl)c town •d on the ri- )m the ft a, j)f Portugal, [iver Guadi- I37 20 N I-ijoica, be- Lun. 3 o |igh and feo- nidrkct on It is go- eimcn, anS IndwasoncG has wUi.cn ALE atray whole ftreets. It is 40 miles E of B iry, and 94 N£ of London. Aloborough, a borough in the W riding of Yorkfliire, on the Oufe, which had formerly a market. It is J 5 miles NW of York, and 205 N by W of London. Alpea, a town of Portugal, in Eilramad ra, to miks S£ of Lilbon. Alderbury, a village in Wilt- fliiie, wliicli carries on a manufac- ture of fu(tians. A fire here, in 1777, deftroytd 200 houfes. It is two miles tjom Svi'ilbury. Aloerholm, an iflandof Sweden, formed oy three arms of a river, run- n''ng through Geatic, a town 01" Nor- kr.d. Alderney, an ifljnd in the Eng- lish Channel, iepara.ed from France by the Race of Alderney, whicli is a very dangerous paliage, on account of the rocks under water. It is a healthful and f rtile ifl.ind, but has only one chi.rch, in a t Avn of the fame name. This illmd is fight miles incircumfe- renc*. Lon. 2 7 W, iat. 49 45 N. Ar. Er:RETTE, .\ t \vn cf Portugal in AleiiU'jo, on tiie river Caia, feven mil's SE , it is the moll: con- fide, able city in th^ Tarklfh empire. It (taiids 0:1 cigjit hills 5 the ca'l c on the h'g'i?.!f, in the middle of ihc ciry. The water in all the wells is biackifli ; but good water is brouj^ht from I'omc fprii;gs five miles <4\', by an aipedudl. The ChrilH.ins have their lioulcs and churches in the fniuirbn, and carry on a confulerab'c trade in fi.lts, camlet,';, and Turkey Icailier. Sevc- lal Euivpcan nations h,ive f.idories Ueicj and their mcrdunu live in ALE greater fpiendour and fafety than in anjr other cit;- in the Turkifli empire } which is c wing to particular capituISte tions with the Porte. Aleppo is feated on a brook, 70 miles E of Scanderoonr Lon. 37 9 E, Jat. 36 J I N. A1.ESSAN0, a town of the province of Otianto, in the kingdom of Naples, with a bifhop's fee, 15 miles i,W of Otranto. Alessio, a town of Albania, witii a Siiliop's fee, near the mouth of the Diino. Lon. 20 6 E, Iat. 42 8 N, .- LES9IO, a t)Wn of Turkifli Dal- matia, with a bifhop's fee, feated on t- mountain, 25 miles from Spalatro. Alet, a town of France, in the department of Audc, lately an cpifco- pai f'-e. It is remarkable for its bathSy and for gold and filver duft found in the Aude, which rnns from the Pyre» nees, at the foot of which the town i* fcateJ, 1 5 miles S of Carcaflbne. Aleutian Islands. See Ar« cHiPELAGo, Northern. Alexaisketta, or Scanhe- RooN, a town of Syria, the feap:)rff of Aleppo, b ing 70 miles W of that city. Lon. 36 23 E, Iat. 36 35 N. Alexani^ma, a town of the du- chy of Milan, with a bi.'hnp'sfoe, and' a ih-ong ciftL*. It was taken by prince Eugene in 1706, by the French in 1745, ^^^ ^y ^^'^ '*'"£ °^ Sj'dinia the year uftcr. It isl'e-.tcd an the Tanaro, 4c miles S by E of ivlilan. Alexandp.i'.a, a town of Vir^inia^ on the river Potomac, loo mdes Vf of R'ci.moiid. Ar. kxanphia, or Scanderja,. an ancient and once rich and fimous town c f Egypt, now much decayed, tlv);\g'n the;e are il.U r,>mc remains of its ancient fpcndour. pavricul.ulv Pom- pcy's piilar, which i'j one entire piece nfgr:!Miic, 70 feet h'j>h, itid 25 in circuiriferencc. The ancient Ph:iros, numbered among the fcvcn wonders of t!ie world, is now turned into a callie. Thi;. city was built by Alrxmder the Great, and nov/ conlifts chict'.y of ons lo'^g (U 'ct, the r"(l being a he.ip of ruin,". It •.v.ij fo.merly n pincr: of i;veat tra:!':, all the learures ^t' the E In- die" beinii dcpofittf J ihci:? j but fince tha I ; r ' ALG /Jifeovery of the Cape of Good Hope, this trade is in a gteat meafure loft:. Jris fcaced on the moft wedcriy branch pf the Nile, 125 miles NW of Cairo. . Alfacs, certain iflands near the mouth of the Ebro, in Catalonia. Alfeizerao, a town of Eftra- madura, in Portugal, on the fealide. lion. 9 10 W, Jat 39 30 N. Alfxld, a town of Germany, in th6 bifhopric of Hildefheim, 15 miles SSWofHildefheim. AlfiC'Ena, an ancient town of Naples, in Abruzzo Citeriore. Lou. 34 20 £, iar. 41 48 N. Alford, a town in Lincolnfliire, with a market on Tuefday, feared on a brook, 20 miles N of Bofton. Alfketon, a town In Derby/hire, with a market on Monday, 13 miles IJ of Derby, and 141 NNW of Lon- don. Algagiola, a fortified feaport in Corfica. Lon. 8 55 £, lat. 42 30 N. Algakva, a fertile province of Portugal, 67 miles in lengib, and 20 in breadth j bounded on the W and S by the Atlantic Ocean, on the £ fey the Guadiana, and on the N by Alentcjo. Alcezira, aftrong town of Spain, in Andalufia, on the ftraits of Gibral- tar, 10 miles NW of Gibraltar. Alch£r, or Algebi, a town of the iflind of Sardinia, with a bifbop's fee, fix miles S of Saflan. Algiers, one of the piratical frates of Bar'uary, bounded the E by Tu- nis, oil the N by the Mediterranean, on the S by Mount Atlas, and on the W.J;« fed of Italian, French, and Spani/h, called Lingua Franca. The complex- ion of the natives is tawny, and they are ftrong and well made. Algiers, a large and ftrong town of Barbary, capital of the country of Algiers. It Is built on the declivity cf a mountain, in the form of an amphi- theatre } fo that the houfes riling one above another, make a fine appear- ance from the fea. The tops of the houfes being all fl % the inhabitants walk upon them in the evening to take the air j and being covered with earih, they form a fort of gardens. The number of inhabitants is faid to b« 100, wCO Mahometans, 15,000 Jews, and 4000 Chriftian flaves. Algiers has braved tjie refentment of th* moft powerful ftates in Chriftendom. Charles V loft a fine fleet and army^ in an expedition againft it, in I54i» The EngiUh burnt their veflels in tho harbour in 1635 and 1670. It was, bombarded by the French in |688* '" *775> ^t^s Spaniards made a de» fcent near the city, but were defeated with great flaughter. In 1784, they fent a fleet to attack ».he forts ; but were repeUeJ by the Algcr^nca, al- tHcu^jh they m^de eifhi lucceflive at- tacks. In 1767, the Algerincs took the lead of the ofher piratical ftates, in refufing to" pay their ufual tribute to the Por'.e. Algiers is 380 mi'es W of Tiv.ii;. Lon. 2 18 £, lat. 36 49 N. AiiHAMA, a large town of Spain ». in Granada. A little below it are hot baths, accounted the beft in Spa'n. It is feated in a valley, furmunded by craggy mountains, 25 mihs S.W of Granada. A lie ANT, a feaport of Vale, cia,. in Spain, remarkable f^r its excellent, wine and fiults, and rof".mary of an extraordinary, (ije. It has a grent trade, and the Englifti, Dutch, French^ and Italians, have confuls here. The caftle, on a high rock, was taken by the Englifli in 1706. It was likewife taken by the French, and Spaniards, after a fiege of almoft two ) ,ears '■ aud then part of the rock was blown m^. X It Is fd a bay ,,fisat-^ argon, comp»«» , and Spani/hy The complex- ivny, and they e. nd ftrong town the country of the declivity cf n of an amphi- lufes ridng one a fine appear- 'he tops of the the inhabitants evening to take :red with f an h, gardens. The I is faid to b« 15,000 Jews, laves. Algiers tment of th4 Chriilendom. leet and army^ ft it, in iS4i> r veffels in the 1670. It was, ench in i688* ds made a de» t were defeated In 1784,. they tJac forts ; hut Algcr-r.Cii, al- lucceiTive at- Algerines took Jtical ftates, in ual tribute to 3*3o mi'cs W E, lat, 36 49 [own of Spain J. Iclow it are hot )cft in Spa"n. rurmunded by niil-s S.W of of Vale. cia,. its excellent If'mary of an has a gre:it itch, Eiench^ here. The Iwas taken by Iwas like wife |iid Spaniards, )ears ' aud js blown \ii* ALL •:•'■•■::/> It IS feated or» the Mediterranean, on a bay of the fame name, 25 miles S of Valencia. Lon. o o, lat. 38 16 N. Aligaia, a town of Sicily, re- markable for cum and good wine. It is feated on a peninfula, ^^ miles SE of Gergentt. Lon. 13 48 £, lat. 37 II N. Allahabad, a city of Oude, in Hindooftan Proper, feated at the con- fluence of the Ganges and Jumna, 470 miles NW of Calcutta. Lon. i% o £, lat. 25 45 N. Allegany, or Ap»ALACHrAN Mountains, a long range of moun- tains in N America, between the At- lantic, the MiirifTippi, and th; lakes, extending nearly parallel with the fea- coail, 900 miles in length, and from 60 to 2C0 in b.eadth. The different ridges which compofe this range have differ- ent names in the different dates. The principal ridge is the Aitegaityy •;vli'ch his keen defcriptively called the back- bone of the United Staies, The gene- ral name for thefe mounta'ns feems not yet to have been detetmined. Mr. Evans, an Amc-ricjn geographer, calls them the Endlefs Mountains} others, have called them the ^fpalach'tariy &om a tribe of Indians, who live on a river proceeding from this ridge, Called the Appalach'.kola ; but the moft common name is the Allegany Moun- tain?, fo called from the princip.)! ridge. ALLEG.'.fY, a river of N An e- rica, which rifes in the Allegany Moun- tains, in ht. 420. At fort Pitt it joins the Monongahelaj and then af- fumes the name of Ohio. S,'.c Ojiio. Allecany, a. coulily of tJenn- fylvania, 131 miles long .ind ^o broad. In 1790, it crntair.ed 10,309 inhabitants. Fittlburgh is tiie capital. Ar,L£GRANZA, oniof the Canary Idands, E of St. Clare. Allek, a river of Flint/hire, whic!- fi'ks under ground, near Mold, and is bft for a ftiort fpace. Alles'dorf, a town in the land- gravale t f Hefle-Caflcl, rcma kuble fir its falt-woiks, and three ftone bridges. It is feated oa the Weler, 25 miles E of Caffe!. n kings. I: had once a cjftie ard a ca- thedral, and is feated on the Galdtr, two miles SSE of HudJersfield, Almondseury, a vilhige in Glouccfterfljiro, eight miles fVorn BriP- to', wlvcre there is a f./rtiftcatinn-of ilie Saxons, with a double ditch, wli ci\ commands an cxtenfive vkw of th« SevctJU AL5 Almvnecar, a town of Spain, In Cranada, fcated on the MeJiteirariean, with a good harbour, defended by a C?ftle, 30 miles SSE of Alhama. Alnwick, the county- town of Northumberland, with a mdlcet on Saturday. It is fcated on ihe river AIne, and is a populous town, with a townhuufc It has three gates, al- mofl: entire, and was defended by a ftately Gothic caftle, now the feat of the duke of Nortlitimbeiland, which has been repaired and be.iutificd. It is 30 miles N of Ncwcaftle, 26 S of Berwick, and 305 N by W of Lon- don. Alost, a town of Flanders, on the river Dender, 1 5 miles NW of Bruff-ls. Alpnach, a town of Swifll'rland, in Underwalden, fcateJ on lake Alp- nach, an arm of '.he I tke < f cije Four Cantons, with which it unites near Stantzlladt. Alps, the higheft mountains in Europe, feparating Italy from France and Germany. They begin on the fide of France toward the M^diteaa- nean, b:tween the territory of Genoa and county of Nice, and terminate at tlie gulf of Venice. Alps, Upper, a department of France, including part of the late pro- vince of Dauphiny. It is fo called from its vicinity to the mountains of tlie fame name. Alps, Lower, a department of France, including part of the late pro- vince of Provence. Alpuxares, high mountains of Granada, in Spain, inhabited by the Morifcoes, who carefully cultivate the ground, which produces excellent wines and fruits. Alresford, atown in Himpfliirc, with a market on Thnrfday. It has a fmall manufadlory of linfeys, and is 18 miles ENE cf Sjutlumpion, and 57 WSW of London. Alsace, late a province of France, bounded on the E by the Rhine, on the S by Swilfta-iand and F.anche Comtc, on the W by Lorrain, and on the N by the. Palitinate of the Rhine, It is a fertile country, and Uieic a;e ALT mines of filver, copper, and lead, ft is diver/ified with pleafant hills, and mountains covered with forells, in which arc pine t.ees 120 feet high, Strafhurg is the capit 1. The language is the German, it having been part of the empire. It is now included in the departments of the Upper and Lower Rhine. Alsen, an i/land of Denmark, in the Little B'-'lt, between Slei'wick and Funen, 100 mi.es W of Copenha- gen. Alsfeld. an ancient town, in the hndgravate of Heffc Ca(fel, 12 miles NW of Maipurg. Its inhabitants were the iirft of this coantry who em- braced the reformation. Alsh^da, a paiiih ef Sweden, in the province of Smolanri, where a gold mine wai difcovered in 1738. Alston-moor, a town in Cum- berland, v/ith a market on Satuid.^y, fx-^atcd on a hil', at the foot of which runs the Tyne, with a ftone bridge over iff and near th'S town is plenty of lead ore. It is twenty miles E by S of Cari flv:, and 303 NNW of Lon- don. Altamont, a town of Maples, in Calabria Ciieriore, 15 miles NW of Bi.ignano. Altamura, a town of Naples, In Bari, at the foot of the Appennines. Lon. i6 58 E, Jat. 41 6 N. Altea, a feap )rt of Valencia, in Spain, inatcd on the Mediterranean, 42 miles SE of Valencia. Altena, a flounfliing feaport of Germany, in the duchy of Holftein, feated on the Elbe, in the vicinity of Hamburg. The Danes built it in that fituation, that it might rival Hamburg in commerce. It; was burnt by the Swedes in 17 12, but has been beauti- fully rebuilt. Altenburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, with a Cddle ; formerly an imperial town, but now belonging to the haufe of Saxony. It is featcd on the Pleifle, ao miles S of Leipfiiik. Altenburg, a town of Tranfyl- vania, i3 miles S of Weinemburg. Alt£Njbuac, or Ovak, a io»vn ALZ AM A y of Holftein, he vicinity of built it in that rival Hamburg Luvnt by the IS been buauti- ef Lower Hungary, on the Danube, 35 miles S of I'f^fljurg. AtTESsoN, a town of Piedmont, between the rivers Daria and Scuia, Lon. 7 20 E, lat. 44 36 N. Altizey, a town and caftle of Germany, in th« Palatinate of the Rhine,, capital of a territory of the fame name, 1 5 miles SW of Mentz. Altkirch, a town of France, in the department of the Upper Rhine, »n the river II le, 45 miles SSW of Strafburg. Altmorc, a town of Ireland, in the county of Tyrone, feven miles NW of Dungannon. Alton, a town in Hampfhire, with a market on Saturday. It has a famous frcefchool, a large manufac- tory of plain and figured baragons, ribbed drugj^ets, and ferges de Nifmes; and round the town are plantations of hops. It is feated on the W. y, u8 miles £N£ of Southampton, and 4S WSW of London. Altorf, a town of Germany, in the territory of Nurembiirg, with a fa- mous univerfity, a library, and a phy- fic garden. It is fubjedt to the houfe of Brandenburg, and is 10 miles SE of Nureniburg. Altorf, a town of Suabia, 20 miles NE of Conftance, fubjedt to the boufe of Auftiia. Altorf, a town of SwifTerland, capital of the canton of Uri, on the lake of Lucern, near the (pot where it receives tlie Reufs, 20 miles SE of Lucern. ALTRiNGHAM,atowninChefliire, with a market on Tuelday, 10 miles E of Warrington, and 180 NW of London. Alva-de-tormes, a confidcra- ble town ot' Spain, in Leon, with a ftrong caftle, feated on the Tormes, j2 miles SE of Salamanca. Alvf. STON, a village of Gloucefter- fliire, eight miles fiom Briftol. On the top of a hill, near the Severn, is a la ge round camp, called Oldbury, where fcveral antiquities have been (dug up. AizhKA; atownof Spaln> inValcn« cla, on the Xucar, ij miles S of Va» lencia. Amadan, a town of Perfia, ioc»^ miles NE of Bagdad. Amadia, a trading town of Afiif. in Curdiitan, belonging to the Turks, on a high mountain, 40 miles SE of Gezira. Amak, an ifland of Denmark, on which that part of Copenhagen, called ChriftianShafen, is built. This if* land is four vriWts long and tws broad^ a.^d is chiefly peopled by the defcend- ants of a colony from E Fviefland* The iiland has two churches, in whick the minifters preach occadonally in Dutch and Danifh. The inhabitants have their own inferior tribunals, but, for capital ofF^-nces, are amenable tO' the court of juftice at Copenhagen. Amal, a trading town of Sweden, in the province of Gothland, with 3 good harbour on lake Wenner, 175 miles SW of Upfal. Amalfi, an ancient archiepifcopal town of Naples, in PrincipatoCiteriore» Flavio Gioia, who is faid to have in- vented the mariner's compafs, was a native of this town. It is feated on the gulf of Salerno, 13 miles SW of Salcrjio. Am AND, St. a town of France, In- the department of Cher, feated on the river Cher, 20 miles S of Bourges. Am AND, St. a town of France, in the department of the North. It had lately a celebrated abbey. When the Piuffijns and Auftrians invaded France in T792, it was taken by them, but evacuated on their retreat. It is feat- ed on the Scarpe, feven miles N of Valenciennes, Amantea, afeapoitof Napk:;, in Cjlabiia Citerio.c, near the; bay of Eufemia, 20 miles SW of Cofenza. Am a PAL LA, a feaport of N Ame- rica in Guatimala, feated on a g ilf of the fame name, 22c miles SE ot the town of Guatimala. Lon. 86 40 W. lat, 12 ^o N. Am ASIA, an ancient town of Na^ tolia, the birthplace of Strabo. It is the rcfidence of a baftiiw, and gives name to a province, where there are AMR AME t t?ie beft wines and Auits in !fHtoIiJ. featcJ on Wlnander Mere, 13 niiies It was deft(oy<:d by an earthquake July NW by N of iCendal, and 271 NN W 3, I794« It is feated near t!ie river of London. Cafalmac, 36 miles N of Tocat. AMBLETEusE,afeaportofFrance, Amazon, or ORELtANA, a river in tiie department of the Straits of Ca- of S America, wliich riles in Peru, lais, eight miles N of Boulogne, and falls into the Atlantic, under the Amboise, a town of France, in tiiC equinoftiaJ line. Its courfe is 30c o department of Indre and Loire, featei inile;5, and it is the greatcft river in at the confluence of tiie Loire and the world. Its mouth is 1 50 miles MalTee. The ftaircafe of the caftle, brord J itreceivesaoo other rivers, fome l^eing without fteps, may be afccnded of them not inferior to the Danube ; to the very top. Here Lewis XI in- and, 1500 miles from its mouth, it is ftituted the order of St. Michael ; and 30 fathoms deep. In th; rainy feafon here, in 1560, was formed thefamous it overfliws its banks, and fertilizes the confpiracy again ft the Guifes, known adjacent country. by the name of Amboife. it is 1* , Amazonia, a country "ui S Ame- miJes E of Tours, and iiS S by W of ^rica, bounded on the N by Terra Paris. Firma and Giiiana j on thj E by the Amboyna, an ifland of Afia, in the Atlantic and BrafiJ 5 on the S by Pa- Indian Ocean, with a garrifon town of raguay ; and on the W by Peru. It is the fame name. It is the chief of the X700 miles long, and 560 broaJ. It Moluccas, and remarkable for the quan- was difcovcrcd, in 15R0, by Fiancifco tity of cloves andnutmegs it produces. Orellana, who, coming f am Peru, The Englifh and Dutch had fadtoriea failed down the river Amazon to the here, at the beginning of the 17th cenJ- Atlantic. Obferving companies of tury j but the Dutch expelled the Eng- women in arms, on its b.>!?k -, he called hfli, and tortured and put to death ma* the country Amazjn'a and gave tlie ny of them. Since th's they have pof- Jiame of Amrz^n to the riv.r. But felfed the entire dominion of the Spice this was picbdbly a fittion, for M. Iflands. Lon. 127 o E, lat. 4 o S. Condamine could perceive no fuch Ambresbukv, a town in Wilt- women. The f:i;l is rich and fertile : fiiir?, with a market- on Fiiday, fix the trees and p'a;:tb arc vcrdsnr a'.I the mtl?s N of Saliibory, and 78 W o£ year. The rivers .siPE, atown -of Weft mor- Amelia, an ancient town of It«!y, land, with a awikctoa Y/cdncfday, in Uieduchy of Spokvo, withabifliog^s h ^ "t. 1^ i t 1. i i:^ ■i t V 1 J 'i if t i f R-. t ■i! 'f '■' i ,* J' ■J !' ). "^ )', i ^ V i ■4 irfere, 13 r.uki mdaji NNW aportof France, je Straits of Ca« Boulogne, f France, in the d Loire, featci tlie Loire and : of the caftle, lay be afccnded Lewis XI in- Michael ; and med the famous [xuifes, known ife. it is IS M&Sby Wof jof Afia, in the arrifon town of he chief of the >ieforthequan- egs it produces. I had fadtoriea fthe 17th cen J. pellcd the Eng- it to death ma* I they have pof- m of the Spice , Ijt. 4 o S. :own in Wilt- on Fiiday, fix and 7& W of le New He- Ocean. Lor. IC ital of Guze* r. k is one in India, but m the Poonah as rcftored in 3V!g.!l)le rivcf Canib.iy, 311 jn. 72 37 E't of Hindo.T*. :e ihe capital rame, whiih that of Dow- , by Poorah, o £, lat. 19 :own of I{«!y, ithabifho£>s f M9 W rrr, ^^'^ ^7^&3 Hi ' \ K /i' Disco 1 / r> /-«w* 'D'^S^JlW)]!) \ / ^ / - V^J»I 3J — ~~-~-~w~~_ ]4I^ ' "^ fo anv,^aj -^^^.ac/i^aec. . /ju««^ Jlf^/*^^^^ oT-ci of V~~ ^^ 1 AMEKICAl r^ InlKtt 9 1 *■< ?** iVK&lES Jr X 795. ^ Loiigkiidel M / ■ wrt iwfmwwm wiaitiii > . •■ .,vt-J'-<'-~ ■. Myy iintUMi" »~^ ■:» "^•i-/ i^»w \ UK* .5 •*> NORTH UKIBBBABT £^^\tftt *»• A/Mtridr *rtv4w fiiurttiv Taf«r VW M M *»u . ft i w 'N O 1 K T W Viwih T L Al I^ O C pr^ 'iamtile / / N I A E A HQVATCW TIC 'B RASI L I Tapa.yog FenmndnWonmhA fide ThnU acl iida \eJHimdf s ynnt is O/ IT H wtrint T ^ At ^.' '«'^. 'V^ frjSionuunf ,}v o ^ fii&m w ^r Nc (/» '^ tf I tfinuiHrAj £an/i en^\«t tfrAS/UirfirBn^^hv'/hittitnr nMfifttl , AME AME tee ; fcated on a mountain, between •he Tiber and Nira, 20 miles SW of S'>.)leto. * AMERICA, the largcftof the four parts of the world, bounded on all hdes by the ocean. It took its nan^.^ from Americus Vefpucius, a Floren- tine; who Iiaving accompanied Ojeda, a Spanish adventurer, to America, and drawn up an amufing hldory of his .voyage, publiHied it, and it was read with admiration. In his narrative, he had infinuated, that the glory of having firft difcovered the new world belong- ed to him. 'I his was in part believed ; the country began to be called afler the name of its fuppofed firft dlf- ceverer j and the unaccountable c.i- price of mankind has perpetuated the error. But America was firft dif- covered by Chriftopher Columbus, .' Gcnocfe, in 149S. It is called the New World, with great propriety j for not only the men, but the b':rds and beafts differ, in fome refpedts, from thofe known before. It has likewife a great number of trees and plants, that grew no where elfe, before, -they were tranfplanted to other places. All the men, except the Eikimaux, near Greenland, feem to have the fame erigin } for they agree in every parti- cular, from the ftraits of Magellan, in the S, to Hudfon's Bay, in the N. Their fkins, unlefs daubed with greafe or oil, are of a red copper colour, and they have no beards, or hairon anyother part of their body ; except the head, where it is black, ft.aight, and coarfe. America takes in not only all the Tor- rid, but alfo the Temperate and part of the Frigid Zones. This vaft con- tinent is divided into N and S America, which are joined by the ifthmus of Darien. It has the lofiicft mountains in the world, and the moft ftupendous ri- vejs. Befide the Aborigines, who in- habit the interior parts, and the United States of America, who poflefs fome of the fineft provinces, that formerly belonged to Great Britain, the difter- ent European powers have colonies licre. The American States are fif- teen 5m number, for.i.ed into one fe- deral republic. Thefc ftatcj long flou- riihed as provinces of Great Britain j but parliament attempting to tax them by its fole authority, without the in- tervention of their aflembiles, a civil war enfued; a corgrefs was fonied, which, in 1776, difclaimed all depen- dence on the mother country ; the French king entered into an alliante with them in X778 : the colonies, powerfully aflifted by France, were fuccefsful} and Great Britain acknow- ledged their indcpendente by the peace of 1783. The Americans have fince formed a new federal conftitution, which feems admirably calculated for the country j and the union is now go- verned by a congiefi, confifting of a prefident, viceprci.dent, fenate, and houfe of reprefentaiives. The repre- fentatives are elected every fecand year J the fenaiors are chofen for hx years, and the prciident and vicepre- fident for four. General Wafliington was elefted the fi;ft prefident, and re-eJedted in 1792. The fifteen ftates are, New Hampfliire (including the diftricl of Main) MaflachufetsV Rhode Ifland, Vermont, Conneftlcut, New York, New Jerfey, Pennfylva- nia; Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, N and S Carolina, and Ken- tucky ; and all the country to the N of the Ohio^ extending from Pennfy'.va- nia on the £, the lakes on the N, and the Miflifllppi on the W, is intended to be divided into ton new ftates, to be called Waihington, Metropotamia, Pe- filippi, Micliigania, Iliinoia, Cherfo- ncfus, Saratoga, Sylvania, Ad'cnipt, and Polypotamia. The American ftate* extend 1250 miles in length from E Florida to the NW angle of Hova Scotia; being fituated between 31 and 460 N lar. The countries pofTefled by Great Britain are, Labrador or New Britain, Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunlwick. In N America, Spain poflelFes E and W Florida, Loulliana, New Mexico, Ci- lifornia, and- Old Mexico 01 New Spain : in S America, they have Ter- ra Firmn, Peru, Chili, and Paraguay. In S America, tl)C Portugucfe hava Brafil 5 the French, Cayenne ; and the Putcii, Surinam, both In GuiaAi. 'i! ±''-\'2iAlZ:J. l^^wLl^ AMP AM W AwKKsroRTi a town of the TTni- ted Provinces, in Utrecht ; fcjted on the liver Embs, 12 miles E of Utrecht. Amersham, or Acmondesham, « borough of Bucks, v^fith a maiket on Tuefday, 26 miJes SE of Backing- ham, and 29 NW of London. Amid, a tovvn of Natolia, 60 miles from Tocat. Lon. 36 40 £, iat. 40 30 N. Amiens, a large and ancient town of Fiance, in the department ot Somme, the cpifcopal town of the de- pircment. Three branches of the river Somme enter this city. It was taken by the Spaniards, in 1597, but retaken by Henry IV, who built a citadel here. It haj manufafturcs in linen and wo 1- Jen cloth, eftabiiihed by Colbert, which employ, in the city nnd adjacent coun- try, about ;50,003 people. It is 20 m»!?8 SE of Alibeville, and 75 N of Paris. Ammkrcot, a f(jrt in Hindooilan Proper, celebrated as the retr.'at of the emperor Humaioon, during h\i trou- bles ; and here was born hs (on, the iliuftrious Acbar. It is 190 miles N by E of Tatta. Amol, a town of Afia, In U/bec Tartary, frated on the river Gihon, 60 miles W of Bokhara. Amorgus, a fertile ifland of the Archipelago, 30 miles in circumfe- rence, and 67 N of Candia. Amour, a river of Siberia, which runs E through Chinefe Tutaiy, and falls into the bay of Corea. Amov, an ifland on the SW coaft of Oiina, where the Engliih had once a faftory. AMPHtPOLis,a town of Turkey in Europe, anciently the capital of Ma- cedonia, on the river Strymon, 70 miles NE of Salonichr» Amplepuis, a town of France, in the department of Rhone a ,d Loire, celcbiated for its wines, aiid 16 miles £ of Roanne Am? THILL, a town in Bedford- fliirP; with a market on Thurfday, noted for liaving been the rpfiilence of Catharine, queen of Henry VIII, du- ring the time that her divorce was in agitation. Thiii event is comtncmo- rated by a poetical infcrlption, on a column where tlij old caftle Itood. It is (ix miles S of Bcdtord, and 45 NW of London. Ampup.ias, a feaport of S[>ain, in Cataionia, at the mouth of the river Fiuvia, 60 m les NE (/f Barcelona. Amras, a caftle in Germany, in the Tirol, two miles SE of Infprack, remarkable for a rich lihr.-.ry. Amsterdam, a rich and populous- city in Holland, the capital of ih" United Provinces. Few cities have tlicir pub- lic buildings fo fine, numerous, and well kept. Here are many handfoms churches and hofpitals for pcifous of all religions and countriesr The ex- change is one of the principal orna- ments of the city, and the harbour one of tlie fineft in Europe, where a vaft number of mei chant ihips may always be leen j. though there is a bar at its entrance, which is, however, a great fccurity againft foreijjn enemies. The foundation of this town is laid upon pries, driven into a morafs, and under the ftadthoufe alone are 13,000. The ftrects are fpacious and well paved, and moft of them have canals, with rows of trees on each fide. Amfterdam i9 computed to be half as big as London. It is governed by a collcg.i of 30 fena» tors, who hold their places for life, and 12 burgcmaftcrs, four of whom arc always lilting. It furrendered to the king of PruHia, on tlie 10th of 0«ff. 1787, when that prince invaded Hol- la- ', in favour of the ft;\dtholdcr, but was evacuated on the reftoration of the latter to his rights. It received the French troops, Jan. 19, 1795, with- out any refiftance. It is fcaced at the confluence of the rivers Amftel and Wye, over the former of which is on* of the fineft bridges in theNcvherlands, 65 miles N of Antwerp, 175 E by N of London, and 240 N by E of Paris. Lon. 4 50 E, Iat. 52 23 N. Amwell, a village near Ware, in Hertford/hire, famous for giving rife to the New River, which fupplics London with water. One part is cal- led Amwell Magna, and the other Amwell Parva, at which is the h "ad of the river. e, vvbeie a vaft AND ANAniR» a river of Siberia, that falls into the Eaftern Ocean. Anagni, a town of Italy, in the Cirrtpasna of Rome : it is a biiliop's fee, 3i miles E of Rome. Anacopir, the capital of the na- tion of the AbkhjE, on the river Ma- kal, which falls beiaw it into the Black Sea. Anattom, an iflanH, one of the New Hebrides, in the S Pacific OceaJi. Lon. 170 9 E, lat. ao lo S. Ancarano, a tovn of Italy, in the marquifate of Ancona, five miles N of Afcoli, ard 82 NE of RonQC. Ancasier, a village in Lincoln- ili're, 1 5 miles S of Lincoln. It was anciently a Roman vill.ie", on a Ro- man highway, and lies under a hill which abounds with antiquities. Ancenis, a town of France, feat- ed on the Loire, in the department of Lower Loire, 2c miles E of Nantes. Anclam, a town of Germany, in Pomerania, feated on the liver Pene, ao miles S of Gripfwald. Ancona, a marquifate of Italy, in the Ecclefiaftical State. Ancona, an ancient town of Italy, on the gulf of Venice- in the mar- quifate cf Ancona. Its commerce has rapidly increafed of late years; for which it is indebted to pope Cle- ment XII, who made it a free port, and built a mole, to render the harbour fafe. It i;i ered^ed on the ruins of the ancient mole, raifed by Trajan, and is above 20CO feet in length, 100 in bieadth, ;md about 60 in depth from the furface of the fea. Near this ft;\nds the Triumphal Arch of Trajan, which, next to the Maifon Quiirree at Nifmes, i& the m^(t entire monument o* Roman magnificence exiiting. Here likewife Clement eiedteJ a lazaretto. Oieat numbers of Jews are fetticd in this city. They have a fynago^,... lierc ; and though all religions are to- lerated, theh's is the only foreign wor- iliip allovt'^d to be publicly exercifed. Aiicona is 116 mile^ N by E of Rome. Lwi. 13 35 E, lat. 43 38 N. Andalusia, a province of Spain, 450 miles in length, and 150 in bi'cadtii. It is bounded on tiie S by ANI> Granada, on the W by Algarva ani the Atlantic, on the N by Eftramadu- ra, and on the E by Murcia. The Guadalquiver runs through its whole l'?ngth ; and it is the fineft country ia Spain. The capital is Seville. Andaman Islands, at the en- trance into the bay of Bengal. The inhabit.il. rs are an inoffenlive r"ople, lil''ing chiefly on rice, fruits, and herbs» with which diey furnifti the Ihips thaC touch there. Andaye, a fortified town of France, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, famous for iti brant _ and fituated at the mouth of the river Bi- daUba, oppofite Fontarabia in Spain> 18 miles fromBayonne. Andely, a town of France, in the department of Eure, divided by a paved road into two little towns called Great and Little Andely, a mile front each other. Great Andely is in a vftMry, on the river Gambons. It hr.s a fountain, which bears the name of St. Cloti.'di, and to which pilgrims re- fort on the ft ftival of th "'Mt. Lit- tle Andely is on the Sc«..e. The cloths manufadured here are faid to be equal to thofe of England. Andely is 20 miles SE of Rouen, and 60 NW of Paris. Anderlecht, a vill.nge of Bra- ban% with an abbey, three miles SW of Biufll'ls, where its butter is in great efteem. Here the French defeated the Aulh'ians in 1792, and imnaediately entered Bruflels. Andernach, an ancient city of Germany, in ihe elefloratc of Co- logne, fcated on the Rirlne, 10 miles NW of Coblentz. Andero, St. a feaport ofSpain» in Blcay, where the Spaniards build and lay up fome of their men of war» It is fio miles W of Bilboa. Andes, or Cordilleras, achain of mountains in S America, running; from N to S. along the coaft of tha Pacific Ocean. Tiiey exceed in length any chain of mountains in the other parts of the globe; extending from the idhnv-ii of Daricn to the ftraits of Magellan, dividmg the whole foutherjt pare of America, and 1 mining a lejigt[^ AND •f 4300 rriilcs. They arc much fu- perlor iti height ta thofe of the other tlivifions of the globe. They rife, In different places, more than one third above the Pike of Teneriff, once thought to be the higheft land in the ancient hemiO'iere. They mny lite- rally be faid to ii de their heads in the clouds ; the ftorms often roll, and the thunder buifts below their fummits, which, though expcfcd to the r.iys of the fun, in the ccntr: of the torrid aone, are covered with everlu'liiig fnows. The fummit of the mountain of Cotopaxi is elevated 625* )urds above the fuiface of the fea, fomcthing more than three geographical miles. In thcfe mountains arc maiy volcanos. Andovf.r, a borough of HaiTip- ftiin", with a market on Saturday, 10 miles N b^ W of Wincheller, and 65 W by S of u ndon. An Ds ARUM, a town of Sweden, in Golhiajid, thre«; miles S of Ciirif- tianftadt : here is the grcatelt alum- work in the kingdom. Andrew, St. a fort of the U- rlt d Provinces, at the E end of the j(le of Bommel Waert, taken by the Ficnch in 1794, Immediately retaken by the allies, and again taken by the French before the clofe of the ye^r. Andrew, St. a town of Germany, in Csrinthia, with a bifliop's fee; feat- cd on the river Levant, 95 miles 3 by W of Vienn.i. Akprkws, St. a ciiy of Flfe- /h'lre, \\i h a univerfuy. It was for- merly the C'^c of an archbiflicp. The univerfuy, founded by bi/hop Wa'd- law, in 141 J, tonfiits ut' three col- leges. The cathedral, the chapel of St. Regulus, the church of St. Salva- tor, and the prioiy, have been noble Gothic ftrudlures. I'he caPJe was the fcene of the crue.'ty and punhh- ment of cardinal Bt'Hton : the window is rtill Ihown, from which he beheld the martyrdom of George WKliart, who was binnt on the fp.it beneath ; and in this caftic he himf.lf was af- falhnated in 1546. The houfes, thou{^;h built of !' ■;, are ^ inc to de- tay, there being no manufaifturcs here U) I'lippoil the numerous inhabitaiUi j ANG nflr IS the harbour in a good condhior. This city Is fcated at the b.ittcm of a fmall bay, 30 m'les NE of Edin- burgh. Akdria, a town of Naples, In Barl, with a bifliop's fee, four miles S of Barietta. Andros, an Ifland and town In the Arcliipelago. The inhabitants are of the Greek church, and have a bifhop anil fivera! monaftciies. 1'heir prin- cipal riches contill in fi'ks, and the fields are planted with oranges, citrons, mulberries, pomegranates, and figs. It lies to the N of Candia. Anduxar, a confiderable town of Spain, in Andalufia, defended by a ftioiig caftle, and fe ited on the Gua. dalijuiver, 35 miles E of Cordova. Anegada, one of the Englifh Virgin Ifland^. Lou. 64 7 W, lat. x8 40 N. AscTto, St. a town of Naples, in Capitanata, five miles N of Manfre- donia. Angei.os, a populous ttwn of I Mexico, with a bilhip's fee, 62 inllts SE of Mexico. Angers, an ai;clent city of France, the epifcopal fee of the department of I Maine and Loire. It is feated near tlie confluence of the Sarte and L'ire, and Is divided by the Maine into two parts. The inhabitants are computfj at 30,000, and here is a confiderable manufactory of handkerchiefs and fail- cloth. The produce of the flate qunr- iies, at the ''xtreniity of the fubuib of I Brefllgny, forms likewife an impor- tant article of commerce. This llate Is fn common, that the moft paltry hovel in the luburbs is covered w;cli it; on which account Angers has been called the Black City. The caftle Is remarkable only for its fitu;i- tion on a rock, and the w.dth of its ditches. It is 50 miles E of Na:ites, and 175 SW of Paris. Anghieka, a town of the duchy of Milan, capital of a county of the fame name. It is feated on the lake Mapglore, 30 miles NW of MiLin. Anglesey, the I5i.e of, the moft weftcrn county of N Wales. It is 24 miles in length, 14 in breadth] good condittor. he b.iticm of t NE of iidin- of N.iples, in EC, four miles S and town in the ..ibitants are of id have a biftiop I. Their prin- 1 fi'ks, and the irangcs, citrons, ites, and figs, dia. idcrabic town of defended hy a :d on the Gua. of Cordova, of the Englifh 64 7 W, !at. i8 :own of Naples, les N of Manfre- >puIous tcwn of I p's fee, 6z inilts nt city of France, le department of | t is feated near Sarte and L'ire, Maine into two ts are computed lis a confidevable lerchiefs and fail- if the flate quu- of the fubuibof I wife an impor- :rce. This llate [the moft paltry is covered wicli nt Angers has k City. The |nly for its fitua- (• wdth of its ic's E of Nantes, |fn of the ducliy county of the ted on the lake [W of Mii.in. IC1.E OF, the N Wales. It 14 in bread to J ANG and fends two members to parliament. 3t is in the diocefe of Bangor, is di- vided into fix hundreds, containing two market- towns, and 74 pari flies. It is fcparated from Carnarvonihire by a firait callet' the Menai. That part of the ifland which borders this ftrait is finely wooded, recalling its ancient ftate when it was tire celebrated feat of the Druids, whofe terrific religious rites were performed in the gloom of the thickeft woods. Rude mounds, and heaps of ftones, faid to be DruiJi- cil remains, are ftill to be feen. This ifland is icmarkably fertile, and a mine, on Parys mountain, produces vaft quantities of copper. Angol, a town of S America, in Chi;i, 125 miles N of Baldivia. Angola, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the N by Congo Proper, on the E by Malemba, on the S by Bcnguc-la, on the W by the Atlantic. The country is divided among fome petty princt's, and the Port i;guefe have fc'veral fcttlc.r.cnts on the coaft ; but the Englifli aid Dutch traffic with the natives, and purchafe a great nu'.nber of flaves. Ancoui.esme, a town of France, ill the department of Charente, feated on a mountain furrounded by rocks. The river Char?:nte runs at the f .ot of it i and tliere are fome fine paper ma- hufidtori"S in its environ*. It is ao I miles W of Limoges, and 250 S by W of Paris. Angoumois, a late province of France, bounded on thc'N by Poitou, on tiu E by Limofin and M.irche, r;i the S by PerigorJ, and on the W 1») Saiiitonge. It is now included in i t!ie dt'par;n ent of Charente. Ancora, a city of Nitolia, in j the tcriitoty of Ama a, comfuted to co'Ua'n i.:o,coo i.ihabltants. Ic is aGrtok ait'nbifhop's ftc, and rcmaik- ab'e for fome remains of antiquity. The cjllie has a tr'ple inclrfurr, and the walls are of white marble aid ftjiic, ref -mbiing |)0 p'lyry. Here are bred the finelt goats in the world j and the lia'.r is of a fine white, almoft like Ink, which is worked into the fincft |rtuf}'j, parc'culavly camlets. Nvar AN J this city Pompey giincd a great vi^ory over Mithridates, and Tamerlane de- feated Bajazct It is 212 miles SE of Conltantinople. Lon. 32 5 E, lat. 39 30 N. Angra, a feaport, capital of Ter- cera, one of the Azort-s, with a bi/hop's fee. Lon. 27 7 W, lat. 38 39 N. Anckogna, a town ol Piedmont, feven miles W of Pignerol. Ancuilla, or Snake Islanp, a long and narrow t:aft, winding in the manner of a fnake, whence it received its name. It is the moft northerly of the Engli(h Leeward iflands, in the W Indies, 60 miks NVV of St. Chrifto- phcr. Lon. 62 35 W, lat. 18 15 N. Anguillada, a town of Italy, in the Pat;imony of St. Peter, 15 miles NW of Rome. Angusshire, a county of Scot- land (fometimes called Forfar, from the name of the county -town) bounded on the N by Aberdeenfliire, on the NE by Ki.icardincihirc, on the E by the German Ocean, on the S by the frith of Tay, and on the W by Perthfh'.re. Ito length and breadth are about 35 miles. It has many lakc3 and hill;;, but is fruitful in corn and pallurcs. Anhai.t, a fertile principality of Germany, in the circL of Upper Sax- ony, 42 miles in length, and eight la breadtli ; bounded on the S by Mans- feld, on the W by Halb rftadt, on the E by Saxony, and on the N by Mag- deburg. Anhai.t, an iflmd of Denmark, lying in the Catrgate, eight miles from the coaft of Jutland, and 10 from Zealand. Anian, a country lying on thp E coaft of Africa, near the R d Sci, lying between 40 and 50° E lon. and b.;tvvcen the equator and luo N latituvie. Anjengo, a town and fadtoiy on toe coail of Malabar, belonging to the E ladia company. L;)n. 76 i E, la., 7 o N. Anjou, a late province' of France, bounded on the N by Maine, o.n the W by Bretagne, on the S by PjIcdu, and UH the £ by Toutainc. It fox. ANN tnerly belonged to the foverelgns of England. It now forms, with thi; late |)rov:nccs of Maine and Touraine, the four departments of Mjjine and Loire, Indic and L^ire, Maine, and Sarte. Ankam, a rivulet of Lincolnfliire, noted for its fine eels. It empties it- fclf into the Humbtr, and has been inade navigable for floops as far as Olandfordbridge. Anna, a town of Arabia Petren, on the Euphrates, 130 miles W of fiagdnd. Annamooka, one of the Fiiend- Jy Iflands in the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Tafman in 1643, and "vifited by captain Cook, in 1774 and 5777. it is well cultivated in many places, confiding of plantations of yams jind plantains 5 many of them exten- JGve, and inclofcd with neat fences of reed. The bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees are intcrfperfed with little order, but chiefly near the habitations of the natives. Lon. 187 oE, lat. 20 o S. Annan, a botough of Annandale, on the river Annan, three miles N of Solway Frith, and 5o S of Edin- burgh. AnkaNj a river of Scotland, which ■flowing through Annandale, empties itfeif into Solway Frith. Annandale, a diftrldl^ of Dum- rfric' fhire, in Scotland. The mountains in the N pnrt of th:s diftridt, named the Mofi'.it Hills, are the higheft in the S of Scotland. From thefe defccnd the Tweed, the Clyde, and the An- ran. Ankano, a fort in tlie dvichy of Mi'an, fe.itrd on the Tenaro, 12 iniles S of C.ifal. Annaj oLis, the capita! of Mary- land, in N Ame.icr!, fifjatcd at tlie mouth of the Severn. Although a yl.ice of little note in the corr.n-.crcial VKorld, it is one of t'.ie wciltliieft towns of Its fizc in Amer'ci. T!ie ftadthrufe is the noblc'f': builiing of t!ic kind in Amcica. Annapolis is 30 mile:; S of B-iltimore. A^^!A7•CLIS, a fottlfied town of Nova Scotia. It ib on the E iide of tlie bay oi' Fundy, and lias one of tlic ii- ANT ncft harbfiursln the world. Lon. 64 5 W, ]d\ 44. 52 N. Annf.cv, a town of Savoy, in the ducliy of Geiievois, feat d on the river Siers, and on a lake of the fame name, about ten miles long, and four broad. It is 22 miles NE of Chambcrry. Annobona, an ifland of Afiica, on the coaft of Guinea, fo called, be- caufe it was difcovercd on New-year's day. It is well Hocked with cattle and fruit, and the air is more hca'thful than in other iflands on the fame coaft. The governor is a Poituguefe. Lo.-l, 5 10 E, lat. I 50 S. Annonay, a town of France, in tlie department of Aidech", ftateJ on the confluence of the rivers Canccs and Deumcs, 12 miles SW of Vicnne. Very fine paper is manufacVurcd here j and it was in this place th:it the two brothers Montgolfier, papinmakers, difcovered, in 1782, tlie ufe of raiefied air in floating balloons, by a fireplace fufpended under them. Ano Capri, the largell town i«| the ifland of Capri, in the bay of Na- ples. Ansloe. See CiiRirTiAKiA. Anspach, a town and callle ofj Germany, in Franconia, capital of the [ margravate of Anfpacli. The prefent prince lately abdicated his dominioi.-j, in confidevationof a ftipulated revenue, in favour of the king of Pruflia, and having marri«d Elifabeth dowager lady Craven, in 1791, has fince fettled in England. The palace at Anfpach hau a remarkable cabinet of curiofi ie;. It is fcated on a river of the la;ric| name, 25 miles SW of Nurembuig. Anstruther, a borough, on tli:| SE coad of Fife/hire, 25 miles N£ of Edinburgh. Akteq^uiesa, a town of Spii.i, in Granada, divided into the Upper ard the Lower. The Upper is Ic'id on a 11 II, and lias a ca(Ue • '1: L wer (lards in a fertile plain, ain- is watered by many bvo'iks. There in Inrye quantity of fait in the rficunlaiiij and five miles from the town, a fpiiig| famous for the cmc of the gravel, l! is 26 miles N i.f Malajja. and 40 SW of A If ANT ANT on. 64 jy, in the the river ne naini*, lur broad. 5criy. f Afiica, ailed, be- lew-year's C3ttle and hca'thful ame coaft. efe. Lorit France, in , feateJ on Canccs and of Vicnne. lured here; ,v,it the two apcrmakers, 1 e of raieficd clt town i«| ■ bay of Na. TIAKIA. nd caftle of apital of the rhe prcfc'nt dominioi.-i, ed revenue, ruflla, and lowauer lady ce fettled In Anfpach has curiofi ic! f the la-.Tie urembuig' ugh, on th: miks N£ ANTEfi_ui-ERA. a town of N Ame- grotto, which is one of the grcatefl ricainNiw Spain, in the province of curiofitics In iiatur-.-. It appears to Cuaxaou 1, 75 miles S£ of Gu.axaqua. be about 80 yards high am" ica Antibes, a iciPort of Fiance, in broad: the roof forms a pretty good ihe dc-p.i.t:iieiK of Var, win a ftrorg arch, which entertains the eye with a cililc. Its ti iritory produces excellent vaft variety of riguics, of a white fuic j and it (findi on the Mediteira- tranfparent cryftal'ine fubftance, very r,L3 I, nine niiic;, W '^f Nice. Anticoste, a bti.T. Ifl.uid of N Ao'iftiii..', :p. iln-: aicuili o; th': riV i' St. Lnv.'Kuce. Lun, 64 ib W, lat. from 49 10 5Z N. ANTiruA, one of the Englifh Leiw.itd jilands in the W Irdios, about 20 mi;es in length and br< tdtb naturally relcmbiing vegetahie-^, mar- ble pilldrs, and a fup^erb marble pyra- mid. Lon. 25 44 E, lut. 57 8 N. Antivari, a t wn of T.rkifk Dahnatia, with a Greek Erchbilhop'a fee, 10 miks N of l>)!cigno. Lon. 19 10 E, lat 42 J9 N. Aktoike, St. a town cf France, 5 t/n of Spii". the UpfCt bper is U-J'td caOle • '1: Iplain, aiu. ii There h^ le rni'vintaiiij ^•n, a {fm gvavcl. l! The ii:hab cants are in g eat wan"^ r in the department of Ifcre. Here was water, and are obliged to favp the ram- lately a monartery, the church of water in ciiterns, and to fetch it from which is magnificent. It is five miles other iflands. The chief produce is NE of St. Marcellin, fugar, of which it annually makes Antonio, St. one of the Cape dc i6,coo hogflieads. It was taken by Vcid iflands, full of high mounatins, the French in 1782, but reftored in v/hence proceed flrcams, which render 1783. Tiie cipltal is St. John's. It is the land very fruirfui. The principal 6omiics Eof St. Chrillopher's. Lon. town is featcd among the mountains, di 5 W, lat. 17 5 N. Lon 25 o W. lat. 17 o N. Antilles, the name which the Antkim, a cou 'ty of Ireland, in French give to the Caribbce Ulands, the province of UlRer, bounded on the difcovercd by Columbus, in 1492. E by St. George's Channel, on the W See Inbies, West. by Londonderry, on the N by the Antio, a promontory of Italy, in ocean, and on the SE by Down. It is St. Peter's Patrimony, near which is 46 miles in length, and 28 in breadth ; a harbour, lately made. It takes iis contains 56 parities j and fends 10 name from the ancient city of Anti- membeis to parliament. uni, the ruins of which extend over a Antrim, the capital of the ccun- long traft of land. ty of Antrim, at the N end of the Antioca, or Anticch, an ifland lake Lo»%h Neagh. It is a poor place, near Sardinia, taken by the French, but fends two members to pnliament, in 1793, but evacuated foon after. and is 13 miles W of tfarrickfsrgus. Antioch, now Anthakia, an Antrum, a mountain of the Swifs ancient and . The river is commo- [16 milci in circuit; yet, ■ fome dious, being 22 feet deep, and 400 faiis, is well cultivated. It has a ^ards wide j fo that lar^jc vcflcls may AP A APT I wme up to the quay. The catlieJial Ij Apakomia, a town of the ifland ifincftrudtiire, and contains an alVera- ofSiritorini. It has a fpacious harbtjur, blagc of paintings by the greatell maf- which is i'o deep, that ihips cannot an- tzn of the FIcmi/h fchool, particularly chor there. Ljn, 15 59 E, lat. 36 Rubens and Quintiii Matlys. There i3 N. are many fine paintings in the other Apee, one of the New Hebrides, churdics, and in private coUeftions. near Ma'.icollo, in the S Pacific Ocean. The Exchange, once f.) thronged, and Lon, 168 32 E, lat. 16 46 S. from which fir Thomas Gieiham took Apenrade, a town of Denmark, the model of that for London, is now in Slcfwick, with a citadel, feated at the abode of folitude and filencc ; and the bottom of a gulf of the Baltic, 27 ferves no other purpol'e than the ac- miles N of Slefwick. commodation of an academy far paint- Aphiom Kara hiss art, a town ing, fculpture, architcdlure, and the of Natolia, called Aphiom, becaufe it mathematics. The townhoufc, in the produces a great deal of opium, called great market-place, is a noble ftruc- aphium by the Turks. Lon, 31 48 ture. Here is ftill feen a houfe, built E, lat 38 35 N. in J568, for the accommoiiation cf Appalachian. Sec Allega- the merchants of the Hanle Towns; ny. and hence they went to the Exchange, Appalachikola, a river of N in proceffion, preceded by a band of America, formed by the jundlion of mufic. Ill the principal ftreet, is a the Chatahouchee and Flint, which crucifix of bronze, 53 feet high, on a rife in the Appalachian Mountains, marble pedeffa'. This was made from and running nearly parallel io a fouth- a deiTioliihed ftatue of the cruel duke crly direftion, flow united into the of Alva, which he himfelf had fet up gulf of Mexico. in the citadel. The citadel is eileem- Appenmnes, a chain of moun- ed >,ne of the ftrongeft fortreffes of the tains which divide Icaly throu^jh its Low Countries. Antwerp was taken whole length, as far as the fouthern by the prince of Parma in 1585, after extremity of Nviples. Hence proceed a long and memorable ficgc. It has all the rivers which water Italy. been taken more eafily fiiice, by the Appekzel, a town of Svviflerland, French in 1700, by the allies in 1706, capital of the canton of the fame name, by the French in 1746 and 1792, by which is divided into twelve commu. the Auftrians in 1793, and by the French again in 1794. It is 22 miles N of BrulVels, Lon. 4 28 E, lat. 51 13 N. nitii'S ; fix are Roman Catholics, dndj fix are Proteftants. of Zuric. Appr.EBY, the the upper part is I lower end is the I It is 40 milcb £ county-town ef| Anzer ma, a town and province of Weftmorland, with a good cun m.7" Popayan, in S Amerca, where there ket on Mol^day. It has gone greatly I are mines of gold. The town is feated to decay, being only one broad ftreet of| on the river Coca. Lyn. 75 25 W, mean himfes. At lat. 4 58 N. the caftle ; at the AoRNus. See BijoRE. AousTA, a town cf Piedmont, ca- pital of a duchy of the fame nime, a"'d a biihop's fee. It is remarkable for feveral monuments of the Romans. It is foated at the foot of the Alps, on the D)ri.), 50 miks NW of Turin, At)usTA, a duchy ot ricdmont, a Y"ry fertile vall:y, 30 miles in length. Apamea, now called Akamea, a town of Syria, on the river Alii, 35 izuilcs S of Anticch. church ; and here is alfo a townhoiife, The town is almoft encircled by the I river Eden : it fends two members to pa.liamentj and is 10 miles S£ of| I'enrith, and 266 NNW of London. Apt, an ancient town of Fiance, I in the d'.p-irtmcnt of the Mouths of the Rho e. Its commerce confifts in | p:u'ies, coarfe I'erges, and wax chari- dieiy. There are many fine Ronun I antiquities, and it is feated on tluj Calaroni 20 miles N of Aix. Atur.iA, iom ot Njp|( Jt is dividci whofe moder iJaii, and Ot Apurima river of S An Aq_UA-NE in the Mantu 12 miles W , '■il of Abruzz ''lup's fee, an qujkc happen viiioh 2400 pe 1' Jted on the ! Mi of R)me. •^I'-ILEJA. ofluiy, in Vc I p-itriir jh, who ji.-arod near the I mi,:. KE cf Vc AqyiKo, a Terra di L u-orc I h'it vviis ruiii.c] jrili.", and cori/i |h.)'iic3. Jtwas I mi, and is 30 n AraET.I, ; li'-'Mi:;drd m thy [h- iilhmi.s '} 'lie Ei.iphiMt, '■■■m Di.Tbekar [■■■•J^ of Periia ; ' '■■• .S by the I; [tetivcen 35 an. :;""^ 3*^° ^^ lat. c !';' ('-'njth .ind n ki;vi;lcd iijto three p'l'^^rM, and Fell fhe fmiilldilr cf th P^- N i, full of , N''-ibit.ints, on a. I>--. 1: ha J its ^'■'. ii5 ancient l'^'- J-- difibrs'lit |™, fo calk-d t] *t a barren fand |!->i'f of ftc-'.'p, '•rihe Enpln-jte r"'i- 1.1 the del. pfirirlip^-, arid t nmf!,^ in fev, I'lix is fo called l>fti ify, with rfj,':.i ''«/>» ;i 3 ')«<)»j r Hebrides, ific Ocean. )S. ■ Denmark, ;1, feated at : Baltic, a? Flint, which 1 Mountains, leli'i a fouth- lited into the aln of moun. jy throu.^h its AR A At u I, I A, the E fide of the king- iom ot Naples, on che gulf ot Venice. It is divided into three provinces, whof-i modern names are Capitanata, Baii, and Otranto. Apurima, or Aporamia, a rapid river of S America, in PcrUt Aqua-Negra, a tow.i of Italy, in the Mantuan, on the river Chiel'a, 12 miles W of Mantua. AfijJJiA, a town of Naples, capi- ijl of Abruzzo Ultcriore, with a bi- fiiap's fee, and a caftle. An earth- I qiiilcc happ;;ncd h.;rc- i.i 1700, by v!ii».h 2400 perfons were kiilc*. It is l-atod on the river Pofcai-a, 52 miles KY- of Rome. A"j'iLEiA, a f^ccayedtvading town I of luiy, in V'cnerian Friuli. It h '.s a p.!tri:;i jh, who rcfides at Udlna. It is lijarcd near the gu'f of Venice, 57 1 miiJj KE cf Venice. Aq_i;ino, a town of Naples, in I Toiva di L ivoro. It is a bilhop's fee, b'it was ruinjd by th': emperor Con the fouthern rlence proceed | :r Italy, of Swiflerland, le fame name, | Ive commu- Catholics, and I is 40 miks E AR A Arabs in the defert remove from place to place, partly for the fake of pafturc, and partly to lie in wait for the cara- vans, which they often rob, as they travel over part of this defert from Buflarah to Aleppo, and from Egypt to Mecca, in order to vifit Mahomet'a tomb. Arabia Felix produces frankin- cente, mynh, balm of Gilcad, gum arable, and cofl^'ee, of which latter they export prodigious quantities. Aracan, or Reccan, a coun- try of AfiJ, bounded on the N by Rortiaan, on the E by Burmah, 011 the S by the coaft of Ava, and on the W by the gulf of Bengal. It is a fer- tile, but not popul'usc luntry, govern- ed by Tz princes, fuSjeft to the chief king ; who rcfiics in his capita?. They have only two feafins ; the rainy f-afon, which continues from Aprii to Odloher, and tJie fair feafjn, whieh includes all the reft of the year, and i» called the fummcr. The inhabitants are Idolaters, and the women tolerably , and coTiliilJ only of about 35 fair; but the longeft ears are reckoned It was the birthplace of Juve- ths nioft beautiful, and in thefe they ' ^^ wear many rir.gs. There are fuch numbers of elephant?, buffaloes, and tigers, that but few places are inhabit- ed, on account of the ravages made by thefe animals. Akat., a lake of Afi-, 200 mile J E'of the C'a(pian Sea. It is 300 mile* in length, and in fome places i50,in brendth. It lies between 58 and 62*^ of E Ion. and between 42 and 47*^ of N lat. Ar ANnE-DE-DoUERO, 3 town of O'd Caftllc, in Spa'n, on the Doucro, 42 miles E ot VallaJolid. Aranjuk>. , a palaee of the king of Spain's, in New CalHie, on die TjJ.i, 25 miles S of Mdrid. Ahakat, a high mountain of Afli, in Armenia, (aid lo be the fame n;en- tjoncd in Ccnefis viii, 4. Akasji, a maritime town of Itily, in the territory of Genoa, five miles S\V cf Alb.-:nguay. Arava, a fr.rtrefs of irp;icr i-I-Ja- r.ary, on a river of the fame name, 72 miles NW of CaMbvi.!. Arauco, a foitrefs and town of Chili, ill -S Ameijcii, fitur.te in a C r iJ I mi, and is 30 miles NW of Capna. Arabia, a country of Alia, L'-nK'.dcd OT the W by the Red Sea 'd the ilUimiis of Su"z 5 on the NE lly the E'lphrates, which divides it (r.m Diirbelcar; on the E by the j-,ijV of Pevi'iw and Ormus j and on \::\: S by the Indian Occaii. It lies Ibetween 3$ and 60° E Ion. and 12 iiiid 30° N lat. extending 1433 inilej jii length and iioo in breadth. It is luivlued iiito three parts^ Arabia Petrea, ID- l;rt;i, and Felix. Arabia Petrea is Itlt; CiTiillwil: of die three, and, towird Ith;- N is full of mountains, With few li .iubil.ints, on account of its barren- I: hiJ its name from the town ::, ks ancient c:ipital now deftipy- |(j. h difJers little from Arabia De- ll rr.', lb called f;om the n;ture of the J 'ii, a barren fand j but there are great llii.vkp of (lieep, and herds of cattle, p';r ihe Euplnate«, where the lairJ is Ifood. 1.1 the defert are great numbers *o(liiihe'5, ;ind there is a tine breed . cimcls in fevetal places. Aiabia ' lix is fo called, on account of its Iv'rti ify, with regard lo th; reft. The 'kh< ■)»•»>».! ARC tint vall?y, on a river of the fame name. The natives drove theSpanijids rut of their country, though they had no fire-arms. Lon. 73 20 W, iat. 37 30 s. Arau, or Aarau, a handfome and flouri/hing manuiailoring town (f Zuric. Araxes, or Aras, a river of ^fia, which rilci in Geoig'a, and running SE aciols Atmenia, falls into the river Kur. ArbE} an epifcopal town of the republic of Venice, in an ifiand of the /ame nam'', on the coaft of Dalmatia, i^rom which it is five miles dilUnt. Arbela, a tov^n of Afia, in Cur- diftan, where Alexander foujjht the laft battle with Darius. It is about 60 iriles SE of •ft'Iouful. ^on. 42 25 li, Jat35 5N. Abberg, a town of SwrH'erland, in the canton of Bern, on an ifland formed by two branches of the Aar. It is 10 miles NW of Bern. Lon. 7 5 I, Iat. 47 o N. Arbois, a populous town of France, in the department of Jura, famous for its white wines. It is 22 miles SW of Befanjon. Arson, an ancient town in Swif- ferland, on the lake of Conftance, in tliat part of Thurgau over which the bifhop of Conftance hasthejurifdidion, and the Swifs cantons the fovcreigiity. The majority of the inhabitants are proteftants. It is 12 miles SE of Conitance, Lon. 9 30 E,.iat 47 30 Arbroath. See Aberbiiot«- WICK. Arburg, or Aarburg, a town of Swiirerl.tnd, in Argau, feated on the Aar, with a citadel built on a rock, 12 miles E of Soleuie. Ar^vBURY, a viliajje one mile N of Cauibrldge. Here are the remains of a camp, and many coins have been found. ^*CApiA, a town of the Morea, AUC near ihc gulf of the fame name, 21 j miles N (-f Navarino. Arcevil, a vill-ige pf F.ancf, thrfic mi;es S of Paris, remarkable fur an a.|U( dud>, built in 1624. Its water! is diftributcd into the d.lleu'nt parts ofj Paris. Archangel, a fenport of Rufilj, capital of the go^ernmi-nt of the fanwl name. It wis the on.y feaport (jfj Ruilia for many yeais, and was fiift re.[ forted to by the Ei g ifti in 1553. In I7(y3, a dieadliil fiie deftroyed gieatl pait of ill" c ty and Ivibuibs ; they z\>\ now rebui.'ding wlih neattufi and tveil elegance, Aicha'igel is dated on thel Dwina, four n^i! s f.om the Whittl Sea, and 4C0 N£ of P>:t( rfburghil Lou. 39 o L, l.it 64 34 N. ARCHjrELAGo, a confiderablel part ol of the IViedi^eriar^caii Sea, Im.l vii g R.in-.ania on the N, Natolia on| the E, Alactdoiiia, Livadia, and th Moita on the W, and the ifle oil Candia on the S. It is partly in Eu- rope, and partly in Alia, coiitair.ingl the iflands of Rhodes, Negropont,! LcmnoE, Tenedoa, Sciros, MetelcnJ Scio, Samos, Pacmos, Paros, A.:tipa.[ ros, Cerigo, SaiUorini, Andres, Tinj,l Na^ia, Milo, Dclos, Argcntiera, &cl ArchipjiLago, North erk,I four groups of iiJands, between Kamt-I fc hat lea and America. The firft, cal.f led Safignan, contains .five iflanc^sj the fecond, called K.hao, indudeij eight iilands ; and boih thefe grciipil together a t ilyled the Aleutian Iflands,! T he third is called the Andreanoft'/kil Oftrova, and comprifcs i6 iflandsJ The fourth is the Lylfie Oftrova, «[ the Fex liJands, 16 in number. S«| Fox Islands. Arcis sur-Aube, a town ofj France, isi the depaiiment of AubeJ feated on the river Aube, i j milts Nl of Troyes. Arco, a town and csftle in th«l Tre.-itin, t. ken by the French in 1703^ and abandoned foon after. Ir ftaiuisonf the liver Sarca, i 5 miles SW of Trent,! Arcos, a ftiong town of Sp.iiiJ in Andalufia, on a craggy lock, ill the foot of which runs the Guadaktj,j i'i miles N£ of Cadiz. .•(. 't ame name, 2^ ge of F.arcc, r.maikable tut I 624. Its water I l.ticK'nc parts of eaport if Ruff' J, I i(.nt of thf I'-imel oiiiy feaport cf| , and was fiift re fti in 155 J. Ill acflrciycil great ibiabs: tluy 2>e iratii' < ■> and ivcil 1 is liatcd on ihtl f.cm the WhittI ot r>;t' rfbuifch. a confiderablel enar^cai) Sea, hi-\ he. N, Natoiia on I Li\adia, and ihtl and the ifle oil It is paitly in Eu- I Alia, coutair.ingj ooes, N'.gvopont,! I Scivos MetilcrJ 55, Paros, A:.tipj.[ , Andres, Tina, Argcntiera, &c. Northern, , between Kamt- Thv firft, tal. lins five iflarK^sj Khan, indacia boih th(fe group) Aleutian Iflands, the Andreancftiki rifcs 16 i (lands. Lyflie Oftrova, ot in number. S« IE, a town oi \umcnt of Aubc, lube, 1 5 n-.ilt-s N and cp.ftle in i\i e French in iTOJr' iftei. Itftandsoa ViltsSW of Trout. town of Sp.iii'i craggy iocl<> " [ns the Guadalett, liz. ARE An COT, a laigp city, c:>plt.il of the ICiina^ic, in the penindila of Hindoo- ii.ir!. It is 73 miles W by S of Ma- ctns. Ar DEBIT,, an tncienttown in Per- fi.i, tnc rtfiJencc ar>d bural-place of p-,;ifly kings ; particularly of Shiek Spili, tlic author of the Perfian Sert town of the RulHan government ifR:ga, in the ifl:', of Oefel. l, inthcducliy of Slefwick, containing the grtatelt partof the fa;nrus rampart, built by ths DaniHi l^ing Gotric, in the 9th cen- tury, as a defence againft the irtup.ion* of the Saxons. It extends acruls the country, about nine miles in length. Arenswalue, a town of the new marche of Brandenburg, on the lakfs Slauin. Lon 15 52 I, lat. 53 13 N, Areqvipa, an epifcopal town of S America, in Peru, fcated on a river, 290 miles S by E of Lima. Near it is a vc4cano, Arezzo, an ancient epifcopal tow* of Tufcany. Guy Aretin, a Bene- dictine monk, inventor of tlie mufical notes, uf, re, mi, tec. was bora here. It is fated on a mountain, 1 5 miles W of Citta diCaftello. Argau, or Aargau, a fmalty well-watered province of Swiireiland, in the canton of Bern. Argences, a town of Fance, on the river Meaucc, in the department of Calvndos, 10 miles E of Caen. Argentan, a town of France, iit the department of Orne, feated on theGrne, 12 miles NW of Seez, and 110 W of Paris. Argenteuil, atownof thelfle of France, on the Seine, five miles NW of Paris. In the environs are quarries of the plaftcr of Paris. Argentieraj a barren ifland of the Archipelago, fo called from the fiivcr mines in it. There is but one village in t-he ifland. Lewi. 23 10 E, lat. 36 50 N. ARGENTiERK,atown of Fvancc, in the department rf Ardechc, five miles SW of Aubenas. Argent ON, a town of France, i« the departmentof Indre, 37 miles SW of Bourgc:;. Icis divided into two p«rl« by tlie Cruefe. Argcs, a feaport of Turkey in Europe, in the ^iorea, 25 mi es S of CorintK Argostoi., a feaport of the Iflc of Cefalonia, oppofite Albania. Ahguin, an ifland of Africa, on tlie W coaft of Ncgroland, with a fnt of the fame name. Ic was taken bjr the Dutch from the Portttgiiefe i% ARL ARN 7638 : afterward the French took it from the Dutch. It is 30 n)iles S]^ of Cape Blanco. Argun, a river of Afia, which di- vides the Ruffian fiom the Chinei'e em- pire. Argun, a town of Tartary, on the frontidii of the Chinefe empire. There are mines of filver and lead near it ; and a pearl fi/hery in the river Argun. Lon. 103 56 £, lat. 42 30 K. Argyleshire, a county of Scot- land, bounded on the N by Liverncfs- Aire, on the E by the counties cf Perth and Dumbarton, on the S and "W by the Atlantic, by which it is brc k m into iflands and peninfuias. I C IS no' quite lOO miles long from tlie Mtll of" Cantyre to its NE extremity : its breadth is 30 miles where greatcU:, and, in fome parts, only one or two. To the NW is a peninfula, detached from the reft of the county. Jt con- tains the diflrit^s of A/dnamurchan, Morven, Sunart, and Ardgowar. The peninfuias of Cantyre and Cowall are likcwifc very large. Arhusen, a feaport of Denmark, in N Jutland, with a bifliop's fee, fcat- cJ on the Baltic, at the mouth of the Guda, 25 miles S of Wiburg. Ariano, a town of Naples, with a bifliop's fee, in Frincipato Ulteriore, 15 miles E of Benevento. Ariano, a town of Italy, in the Ferrarefei on a branch of the Po, 22 miles N£ of Ferrara. Arica, a feaport of Peru, 550 miles SE of Lima. Here the treafui e, brought from Potcfi, is fliipped. Lon. ;i 6 W, lat. 18 27 S. Arifo, a town on the W coaft of Ceylon, at the mouth of the Sarunda. It belongs to the Dutch^; and to the E of it is a peati Adiery, Lon. So 25 E, lat. 8 42 N. Arklow, a feaport of Ireland, in the county of Wicklow, 13 miics S of Witklow. Arles, a large and ancient, btit not populous city of iiance, in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone, lately an archlcpifcopal fee. Here are nuny antiqui ies, of which the ampiiith-jatrc and obeliik are the moft remarkable. It is feated on the Rhone, 12 miles SE of Nifmc?. Arles>i£M, a town of Swillerland, j in the bifliouric of Bafle, where the [ canons of that city re fide. Arlon, an ancient town of the I Auftri^n Netherlands, nowdifmantled. It is feated on a mountain, 10 miles] NW of Luxemburg. Armagh, a county of Ireland, 3i| miks in length, and 17 in breadth ;] bounded on the E by E)iiwn, on the W by 'J'yrone and Monaghan, on the! N by Lou^h Neagli, and on the S by I Lou;h. It contains 49 pariflies, an a borough in SuHex |cppe, Arragon, a [Spain, boundf d on the N by the Pyre- Inces, on the W by Navarre and the Two ICjftilcs, on the S by Valencia, and Ion the E by Valencia and Catalonia. ISaragofla is the capital. i" -A S C ffkh a market on Wednefday and Sa- turday, It is feated on the fide of a l)iil, on the Arun, wliich is here na- >igibb tor barges only. The caftle, tiic ancient feat of the dukes of Nor- folk, fiands on the hill. Arundel is governed by a mayor and burgefles, and is eight miles £ of Chichciler, and 68 SSW of London. A R \VA N c EN, a caftle and village of Swifierland, in the canton of Bern, feated between Wangen and Arburg, on the river Aar, over which it has a covered bridge. Arzilla, an ancient feaport of Africa, in the kirjgdom of Fez, once in polleffion of the Portuguefe, who abandoned it. It is 50 miles SSW of Tangier. Arzina, a river of RuiHan Lap- Ijnd, into a bay of which, in 1553, two Englifh (li'ips (which had pene- trated as high as the 72° N lat. to Spita- bergen) were forced by ftiefs of wea- ther; and their crews were frozen to death. Asaph, St. a fmall city of Flint- ihlre, at the confluence of the Elway and the Clwyd. It is of note only for Its citthedra), but has a maiket on Sa- turday. It is 14 miles W of Chefter, and 209 NW of London. Ascension, a barren uninhabited illand, in the Atlantic Ocean, 600 mi.'es NNW of St Helena. It has a lute harbour, at which the Eaft India iliips often touch, to procure turtles, Lnn. 14 ]8 W, lat. 7 40 S. AscHAFf ENBURG, atownof Ger- many, fubjeft to the eledlor of Mentz, who has a palace here, 40 miles £ of IVlentz. AscoLi, a large and populous town ©f Italyi in the maiquifate of Ancona, with a bi/hop's fee, feated on a moun- tain, at the foot of which runs the Fro.'itn, 80 miles NE of Rome, AscoLi Di Sataiano, anepifco- pal city of Naples, in Capitanata, feated 011 a mountain, 70 miles £ of NaplcF. Ascot Heath, a famous race- ground, four miles from Windfor, in tlie road fiora the Great Park to Rcad- ASI Asttn, or Aseerguk, a Aran; I fortrefs of Candei/h, in the Deccan | of Hindooftan, 20 miles NE of Bur- hanpour. A3HB0RN, a town in Derbyl»irt,;j with a market on Saturday, feated be- tween the rivers Dove and Comptonjl 10 miles NE of Utoxeter, and i3a| NNW of London. AsHBuRTON, a borough in De.l TOnfliire, with a market on Tuefday for wool and yan, and on Saturday for provifions. It is one of the four I ftannary towns} and is feated amonjl the hills (which are remarkable for tin I and copper) near the river Dart, ijj miles SW of Exeter, and 19* W bySf of London. ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH-, 3 tOWn Ittl Leicefterfhire, with a market on Sj,[ turday. It had a caftle, fome ruins of | whieh are ftanding, and it has a free- fchooi. A canal from this town ill now making, which is to communicate I with the Coventiy Canal* Aflibyisi}! miles S of Derby, and 115 NNWofj London. AsKDKN, a village of EfleX) thrtel miles N£ of Saffron Walden. Herel are feveral pyramidical riling groundsj faid to have been made in memory ofl a battle fought here between Canutef and Edciurid Ivonfide, Ash FOX I), a town a market on Saturday, In Kent, with I 24 miics SE ofl by £ of Loit[ Maidfton, and 57 don. Ash'ton-under-Line, a village of Lancaftiirc, feven miles E of Man. chefter. It has a manufadtory of cot- ton, and an iron fiunJrj^ both very confidcrable. AsHWELL, a village of Hertford. /hire, where, are the remains of a Roi'i man camp, four miles N of Baldoci ASIA, one of the four great parts of the world, fituace between 15 and 180" E Ion. and between the equator and 800 N lat. Itcxtcnd' 4,74omiIrt from the Dardanelles on the W to the E /lioreofTartary; and 4,380 miltstrora the mod fouthern part of Malacca to the moft nortliern cape of Nov.i Zcm«I bla. It is bounded on the N by ihtj Fruzen Ocean j on tUe W by tlic Ki H u», a ftrsnj the Deccan | NE of Bur. Derby^irt^l y, feated he- ld Comptonj,! er, and 139,1 ough in De* on Tuefdayl on Saturday of the four! feated amonM srkable for tin I ver Dart, i^l 192 W byS CH-, a town lit I narket on Si.\ fome ruins of | it has a free- this town it I > communicate I Afliby is lu US NNWrfl f Eflex, thwl /alden. Here I ifing grounds J in memory ofl !tween Canutcl n Kent, with I 14 miles S£ ofl jy £ of Loo- 1 IKX, a vii!ag(| lies £ of Man*! faftory of cot- 1 irj^ both ve^l ! of Hertfnrd'l nains of a Ra*| «f of Baldoc. lur great partsl :tween 15 andj en the equatojj id' 4,740 miifij thcWtothcBl j3o mill's troral of Malncattj of Nov.i Zcra«l the N by tlte( W, by the M 9 ■%' CifMO" TjKg85-lp— - Cm»£Sr \'1JF Tht,9?' »1 A C I09i. tjr* srss^KS 1- 1^ \6u^^i jtmmarx M^GR liSS s^. nur Cu tpu '^LvAS Pkxikw ^ITD^ My gum. tSmSmtJ^ a**. N VnrlrdAiid hi. V of ASIA, AVTHOK.1TIE S . 1795. 'V *o^. '^"^ w«trM. •c^ *»*. ^^^ 2/ 4L » T « t^miinK C0> .** o*", 17- v ■■♦— T" -, - 14 ■■a <^/ii4 r^i^;^^ BATJ OF .ixAndaiu ^untiffni TfiftJl^nu lo ^ •^ liifiAltUyr 4L /Ukim* »ElirOAI. X '/nJM/. **1 W AvihtKf SUIf »^ lonidcai foittUlt J. I >-:■, ■*.•. , . >,• JVii^Jl ^SyantM Tf Copd FanuiH »% BitifiuiMl bn n Aika: Hr BitH'htfCitiiiMr 0M4ft> p/ltWU*: /SrBnHfknt'Cauintr mtrifffi ■ , yf ■I Sea (vvi by ihel the Do| it fron ed by tl Sby t^ pal c M beiii, dooflanJ bi', Sytl beck, I| dilbn, co.iit oi I ri ■»«!»»* -SJ©.' « ' W i I 'lin ni ni iw «.4; » , i >. ..ii.t. , ASP' Sea (vvh'ch divides it from Afilca) and by ihe Iviediterancan, the Black Sea, the Don, a;id the Oby, which divi?le it from Europe: on the E it is bound- ed by the Pacific Ocean } and on the S by the Indian Ocean. The princi- pal countiies in this continent, are Si- beiii, Tivtary, China, Thibet, Hin- dooftan, Siam, Burmah, Perfiri, Ava- bi', Syria, Paleftine, Natolia, Diar- beck, Irac, Armenia, Georgia, Cur- dillin, &c. AiiNARA, n f-nall iflindontheNW coiit 0/ Sjrdinia, i/miies from Sal- fari. AsKEYToN, a borough of L-cland, in the county of Limerck, on the river Shannon, 15 miles SW of Lime- rick. Ask RIG, a town in the N ridmg of Vorklhire, with a market on Thurf- d.ty, fix miles S by E of york> and 243 N of London* AsoL A, a town of Italy, in Brefciano,. 20 miles S£ of Brefcia. AsoLo, a town of Italy, in Trevi- fkno, on a mountain,, 1-7 miles NW of Trevilb. AsoPH, or Z A BAIT, a ently the Palus M*otir, to the N of the Black Sea, with which it commu- nicates by the ftrait of Gjfta, the an- cient Cimmerian Bofphorus. It er- ttends 390 miles from SW to NE, It was svorihipped as a deity by the MaC* fagetae, a people of Scythia; Lon. from 35 to 42 £, iat. from 45 to 47 N-w AsoPH, a diftiidi of tlie Rufilin empire, in the province of Catharinen- iiJ. It was ceded by the Turks in' »774- AsoPH, the late; capital of a diftrift of the fame name, in Afia, between rhe rivers Don and Cuban. It is featcd near the mouth of the Don, to the E' of tlie fea of Afoph. It has been feve- ral times taken and retaken by the Turks and Rufliiins. It is no longer of the importance 't was in the reign of Peter the Great } tiie branch of the Don, upin which it ftands, being elioked with fand. Lon. 41' 30 E, !At4'' iS N. As PE ROSA, a town of Turkey in Europe, with a bilhop's fee, on the fea, ancl^ coaft of the Archipelago, 22 miles Sit of Nicopoli. I Assam, a country of Afia, bound- ed on the W by Bengal and Bootany on the N by Thibet, and on the SK and S by Meckley. The open partg are marked with popwlation and tillage j the woods abound with elephants. Th* mountains are inhabited by a tribe cal- led Nanacs, an evil-difjpfed race, who go naked, and ei>t dogs,cat9j mice, lo- cuds, and any thing tliey can find.-' The other inhabitants of Afliim are bate and unprincipled, have no fixed religion, nor any rule but their inclina- tion. They eat aliflefli except human^i and even animals that die a natura'^ death. They are enterprifirig, favage>. vindictive, and' fond* of war. Tiiey have neither horfes, afl'es, nor camels;, but thfey are fometimes brought there from other countries.- Alfes they are: fund of, but are fo much afraid of ar horfe, that one trooper would put a~ hundred of them to flight. AfTam iie» betweefi 91. and 96 £ lon^^and 25 and; 28 N lat^ AssANCALX, a town of Armenia^ on the river Ares, 22 miles £ of £r- zerum. Here are hot badu mudr freqyentedi '.'L AssANCHip, a town of Afia, !ir Diarbecfc, feated on the Tigris, 40- miles S£ of Diarbekar. Ass ENS, a feaport of Denmark, in- the ifle of Fr^nen. It ia the commoa paflage from the duchy of Slefwick to' Cupenhageny and is 17 miles SW oP ©den fee. Ass'isio, a city of Italy, In the duchy of Spoleto, on the fide of a high mountain, with a cathedral, coropofed- of three churches, one above another* It is 70 miles N of Rome. Ass OS, a feaport of Natolia^ on a* bay of the Archipelago, mentioned in* A£ls XX'. 13. Lon. 26 36 E, Jat. 39. 32 N. Assumption, a populous epifcop^ cityi cap tal of Paraguay, in S Ame- rica, on the river Paraguay. Lon, 57' 40 W, lit. 26 S. AssYNT, a d.ftrift in the W part of Sutherlandfliire, which exhibit" ant afTemblage of fhattered mouotaLos^ ATH ATO heApCil, as it were, upon each other ; and fecmingly convulfed in a tremen- dous manner. Toward the rugged peninfuia of Aflynt Point> are feverai v»l\ conic hills. A STAB AT, a town of Armenia, 1% niiks S of Kakfivan. AsTi, an ancient epifcopal town of ^Montferrat, in Italy. It was taken by rhe French in 1745 j but the king of .•vdrdinia rcto well fortified by art and nature, 25 miles. SW of Leon. AsTRABAD, a town or Perfia, ca- pital of a province of the fame name, on the Cafpian Sca^ 2CO miles N of Ifpahan. Ast..ACAN) a large and populcu3 ^, and living to a great age. It is 70 miles £ of Salonichi. Athv, a town of Ireland, in the county ofKildare, feated on the Bar- row, 12 miles S of Kildave. Atlas, a chain of high mountains in Africa, feparating Barbary frpm Biledulgerid. Atooi, one of the Sandw'ch If- lands, difcovercd by capt. Cook Ih 1778. It is ten lejguts in iength, and its inhabitants arr uippoled to a- mount to 30,000, The natives ai: .AUB cannibals: atl-aft, capt. Cook.thotfght that he liad fufticient proof of their eating the flefh o: their enemies. At R 1, an cpifcopal town of Naples, in Abir.zzo Uiceriore, on a craggy mountain. lo miles SE of Tcramo. Attlebury, a town in Norfolk, with a marker on Tuefday, 14 miles NE of Thetforil, and 93 of London. Attock, .'. cuy and fortrefs of Hindooftar. Proper, on the Indus, 180 miles NW of Lahore. Attock, a river, which rifes in the Tartarian Mountains, N of Hin- dooftan, and pafling by Cabul, flows into the Indus, above Attock. AvA, a large river of Thibet, which cfoires the kingdoms of Burniab and Pegu, and falls into the bay of Bengal, by feveral mouths. AvA, a large city in Afia, capital of the kingdom of Burniah, and fcac- ed on the river Ava, 11 50 miles NE of Calcutta. Lun. 96 30 £, lat. 21 oN. Ava, a country of Afia, on the bay of Bengal, extending from the S extre- mity of Aracan to Cape Negraias, and divided from Pegu on the E by the river Ava. The kingdom of Burmah has been erroneoufly called Ava, from its capital fo named. AvALON, an ancient trading town of France, in the department of Yonne, so miles SE of Auxerre. AuBE, a department of France, containing part.of the late province of Champagne. It takes its name from a river, which pafling by Barfi3(.i .-r Nogent AuBENAS, a town of France, In the department of Ardechc. It has manufadories of cloths of Spanifli wool, and of red cotton, in imitation of In- dian handkerchiefs. Befide corn and wine, itsdiftridt produces truffles, oran- ges, rigs, olives, &c. The muiberry- tree fucceeds well here. They wind the filk by a machine, confuting of ihrec wheels, turned by a canal brought from the Atdeche : thefe wheels move 56100ms, each confiding of fix douUe fows of fpindlcs in the length of 1 5 feet. Aubenai is ieatcd on. the Ajcdt- AUG ehe, at tfie foot of the Cevennes, near the mineral waters ofValz, and 15 miles NW of Viviers. AuBiGNY,a fmall town of France» in the department of Cher, with a caftle feated on the river Nerre. In 144Z, Charles VII granted the eftate of Aubigny to J(^n Stuart, conflabic of Scotland, in recompence for his fervices, to hold to him and his heirs male, in dire^ line, with remainder to the crown, on failure of fuch ifliie. The reverfionary claufe taking efteA in the i6th century, Lewis XIV made this eftate a duchy, with a peerage an- nexed to it, and granted it to Charles Lenox, duke of Richmond, natural fon of Charles II, from whom it de- fcended to the prefent duke. AuBiN, a town of the ifland of Jerfey^ with a good harbour and a fort. AuBiN-DU-CoRMiiR, a town of France in the department of Ifle and Viiaine, famous for a battle between vifcount Tremouille and the duke of Orleans, afterward Lewis XII) m 1488, when the latter was made pri- foner. It is 10 miles £ of Rennes. Ai7BONNE,a town of S wiflerland , in the canton of Bern, on a river of the fame name, 10 miles W of Laufanne. Auburn, atown of Wiltfliire, with a market on Tuefday, on a branch of the Kenn'et, eight miles NE of Marl-- borough, and 81 W of London*. AuHussoN, a town of France, in' the department of Crcufe, feated on the river Creufc, 3,7 miles NE of Limogcl. AvCAUGREL, a town of Africa, , capital of the kingdom of Add, feat- ed on a mountain. Lon. 44 25 E», iat. 9^ 10 Ni AucH, theepifcopal cityof the de- partment of Gers, in France, lately an • archiepifcopal fcck It i- feated on a^ hill, at the foot of which 1 >i;is the Gers. The inhabitants are computed to be 8000- They have manufactories of velvet, ferges, crapes, hats, and lea- ther. Auch is 37 miles W of Tou- iDufe. AuCRtANn, Bishop's, a town in die bifhopj-ic ofDutham, with a marlutr AUG •n TViurfday, sight miles S fiy W of. DtirlKiin, and 251 NNW of London. AuDK, a dcp.irtmcnt or France, ftart of the late province of Languedoc. It receives its name from a river, wh'ch jifes «n the Pyrenees, and flowing by Quillan and Limoux, falls into the Mediterranean, below Nai bonne. AvETuo, a town of Portugiil, on the lake of Vou^^ ; It has a good har- bour, 30 miles- S of Oporto. AvEiRCN, a department of Franc?> ipcluding the late province of Rouer- gue. k is n?med from a river> which flowing by Rijodez and Villefranche, falls into die Garonne, belcw Montau- kaji. Ave L LINO, an epifcopal town of Naples, in Principato Citeriore- ic wasalmoft ruined by an earthquake in 3694, and is 25 miles. £ of Naples. AvENCHE, adccayed town of S.vif- ferland, in the canton of Bern, for- merly capital of SwifTtrbnd. It is 15 jnrtes W of Besn. AVI H NO, a lake of Nnples in Terra di Lavoro, two miles long nd one broad. Virgil and others have faid that the water was fo bad, that birds dropt dead when flying over it, and hence they called it the lake of hell ; but it is now found to have no poifonous quality ; for birds not only fly over it,- 1»ut fwim upon it» Avers A, a town of Naples, in Terra.di Lavoro, with a bi/h0{)'s fee, eight miles N of Naples. Av.es, or the Ifland? of Birds, fo called from the great number of birds that frequent them. They are 70 miles £ by S of Curacao, and 100 N ©f th^iicoaft of Terra Firina. Avx SNES,. a town of France, in the department of the North, feated on the Hefper, 25 miles £ of Cambray, and ICO N£ of Paris. Ave NAY, a pleatant Httle iHand in the lake of Zuric, below Rapperfch- wyl. It belongs to the convent of cur Lady of the Hermits. AucsBURG, a large and ancient city of Suabia, a bifliop^s ice, and an imperial city, or fovereign ftate,. being governed by the town-council and the reprefe/itatives of thc burghers, \ybo AVI are half, protefiants andhal/" pap5it.i#- In the bi (hop's palace, the Luthetana P'°fented their confeflion of faith to Charles V, in 1550, hence c led the confeflion of Augiturg. The m/hop is one of the frini.es of the empire, but has no fh?rf in tic government of the town. It was taken by the Freijtii in 1703, but abandoned after the battle ot Blenheim. It is feated between the r^ver Werdach and Lech, 30 miles NW of Munich, AucsT, a villaire of S'.vifl'erland, three miles S£ of Bafle, at the place wher**- the little river £rgetz falls inti the Rhone. It was a fluuriihirg Ro- mwi colony, and ct/ntains a gteat num- ber of antiquities. Augusta, the capital of Georgia,, in N America, lituate on the river Savannah, 117 miles NWof the town of Savannah. Lon. 8z o W, lat. 33 30 N. AuGusTE, or AvsTA, an ifiaiid in the gulf (." Venice, on the coaft of Dalmatia, near Ragufa^ fubjed to Venice. Lon. 17 o E, lat. 42 55 N» AuGusTiN, St.. a tov;n of N America, capital of £ Florida. It v^as ceded to the Englifh in 1765, but re- flored to tht: Spaniards in 1783. Lon. 81 10 W, lat. 30 ro N. Augustine, a capeofS Amerita, in Brafil, 300 miles NE of the bay of All Saints. Lon. 35 40 W, lat. 8 30 S, Aug u STOW, a town of Poland, in Polachia, feated on the Narieu, 441 milts N of Bieiifk. Augustus, FonT,afmalIfortr£fs of Invernefsfhire, at the head of Loch Nefs. AviGiiAKo, a town of Piedmont, feven miles W of Turin. Avignon, a large city of France, capital of a territory of the lame name, which depended lately on the pope, with an archbifhop's fee, and a uni- verfity. It was formerly, the refidence of the popes, and is feated on tlie jjlhone, 20 miles E of Nifmes. | AviLA, an ancient town of Spain, in Old Caftile. It has a univerfity, and a manufactory of fine cloth ; ant is 40 miles ^W of Madcid. Avitis, a town Of Spain j in Aftu- njs d'Ovleda, on the bay of Bilcay, 25 miles N of OvieJo. Avis, a town of Portugal, in Alen- te'p, fcaced on an eminence, wi>h a caftie, near the river Avis. Hence the military order of the knights of Avis have tlieir name, it is 65 miles £ of i,fbun. AuLciSTER, a town of Warwick- fliire, with a market on Tuefday. It was a Roman ftation, as appears from the coinsj^^bricks) Sec. often dug up in and near it, and from the Roman Ick- neild ftreet, pafling through it. It is fcven miles V/ of Stratford upon Avon^ and ncz NW of London, AuLPs, a town of France, in the department of Var. Lan. 6 30 E, lat. 43 40 N. AuNis, lately a territory of France, in Foitou, now forming^ part of the department of Lower Charente. Avon, a viv€r which rifesin Wilts^. coafts the edge of the New Foreft, and . enters the Eiiglift Channel, at Chrift-- chiirch Bay. Avon, a river that rifes in Lci- oeileifhirc, and running by Warwick and Eve/han:, falls intathe Severn at Tt-wkclbury, Avon, Lower., a river that rifes' in Wiltlhirc, and running W to Bath^ becomes navigable there, continues its courfe tu Briftol^ and falls into the Se- vern. AuR.AC.Hi a fortified town of Sua- I)ia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg ; feated at the foot of a mountain, on the rivulet Ermft, 15 miles E of Tu- bingen. AviANCHFj, an ansient town of' Fraace, in the department of the Chan- nel, feated on a mountain, at the foot of which flows the river Sec, one mile and a half from the Engliih Channel,- and 30 E of St. Malo. Au R A Y, a feaport of France, in the department, and on the gulf of. Mor- tihan, eight miles W of Vannes. AuRicH, a town of Weftphalia, inEFiiefland, with a caftie, 12 miles NE uf Embden.. AuRiLLAC, a populous trading town of France, on th€ river Jorda.ir.e, AWE in the department of Canta?. Qyant V ties of lace and velvet are manufailured'- here. It is 30 miles SW of St. fUmg> and 250 S of Paris. Aurora Island, an ifland, one of the New Hebrides,, in the S Paci- fic Ocean.. It is 36 miles long and 15. broad. Lon. 16S 24 £,. Iat.15 8 S. AuBUNGABAD, a'confiderable city: of the Dcccan of Hindooftan. It owes • its rife, from a fmall town, to the ca- pital of L awlatabad, to the great Au- rungzebe, from whom it had its name*. It is 260 miles NE of Bombay. Austria, one of the circles of the German empire, boonded on tlie W by Swiflerlandi on the N by Suabia,. Bavaria, Boheiria, and Moravia } on the E by Hungary j and on the S by Italy and- Croatia. It contains tlie archduchy of Auftria I •:He duchies of Stiria, Carinthia, Camiola, and Gori- tia i the county of Tirol ; and the biihoptics of Brixen and Trent* Austria, an archduthy in the cir- cle of the fame name.. The river Ena^ divides it intJ Upper and Lowen. Vi- enna is the capital of the Lower, and Lints, of the Upper. Auftria. excels all the provinces of Giirmany in the. fertility of its foil, the plenty of its paftures, and the wholefomenefs of- the air. AuTUN, an ancient town of France,, the epikopal fee of the department of. Saone and Loire, feated on the river. Arroux, at the footof three mountains^. It contains a great number of Roman, antiquities ; and they have manufac- tories of tapeftery,. carpets, rand cover-- lets. It is 45 jniles E by S of Nevera,, and 162 SE of Paris. AuvEiuGNE, a late province ot France, ico miles in length, and 75, in breadth; bounded on the N by the Bourbonnois, on the E by Fi>rez and Velay, on the W by Limofiu, Qi^erciV and La Marche, and on the S by Rou- ergue and the Ccvennes.' 1: now- forms the two departments of Cantal- and Puyde-D)me.. Awe, Loch, one cf the moft. beautiful lak'^sof Scotland, in Argyle- &ire, 30 miles long, and, in fome parts, above two bre»i. It containsi AXU AZO many fine little iflands, tufted with trees. The river Awe, the outlet of this lake, n difcharged into Loch £cive. AvXEKRK) in ancient town of Fnnce, in the department of Yonne, lately an epifcopal fee, and feated on the declivity of a hill, at the foot of which flows the Yonne. The inha- bitants are computed at 16,000. It is 25 miles S of Sens. ■ AuxoNNi, a town of France, 'n the department of Cote d'Or, feated on the Saone, with a caftle, an arfe- na), handfome barracks, a cannon foundry, and a fchool for the artillery. It is 17 miles E of Dijon. AwatskA Bay, a harbour of Kamtfchatka, the fafeft and moil ex. tenfive that has been difcovered in that part of the world. Lon. 75848 E, lat. 51 51 N. AwLAN, an imperial town of Sua- bi.i, on the river Cochen, 15 miles W of Oet'ng. Ax B It I DC E, a corporate town in Somerfet/hire, with a market on Thurfday, feated on the river Ax, under the Mendip Hiil5, 10 miies NW of Weils, and 1 31 W of London. Axel, a town of Dutch Flanders, TO miles N of Ghent It was taken by the French in 1794. AxHOtM, an ifland, in the diftrlft of Lindfey, in Lincolnfhire, formed by the Trent, Dun, and Idle. It is »■ rich tra£^, in which much flax is cultivated. AxiM, a territory on the Gold coaft of Guinea, containing two or three villages. I he Dutch have a fort and fadtory hcrr, called St. Anthony. AXMiNSTER, a town of Devon- fliire, on the river Ax, with a market on Saturday. Here is a manufaflory of broad and narrow cloths, and a fa. mous one for carpetr. It is 18 miles E by N of Exeter, and 147 W of London. AxuM, a village, fuppofi;d to have been once the caj>ital of Abyflinia. Its ruins are Very cxtenfive, but, like the cities cf ancient time?, confifts al- together of public buUdipgs* It'u 125 ^.f'*^Pi*54 Tl*»r# ' miles W of the Red Sea. Lon. 36 4 £, lat. 14 6 N. Ayamonte, a fcaportof Spain, in AndaluHa, with a czMc built on a rock, at the mouth of the river Gua- diana, 80 miles NW of Cadiz. Aylesham, a town nf Norfolk, with a market on Saturday, J2 miles N of Norwich, and izi NNE of London. Aymouth, a town of Scotland, in BerwickHiire, once fortified to curb the garrifon of Berwick, from which It is fix miles N. Ayr, a borough and feaport of Ayrfliire, built on both fides of tl.^ river Ayr, over which is a bridge cf four arches. Its chief trade is in coal and grain. In the New Town are miny good houfes, and the ruins of a Dominican monaftery. Ayr is 65 miles SW of Edinburgh. Ayrshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the W, NW, and N by the frith of Clyde and Renfrew/hire J on the £ by the counties of Lanerk and Dumfries j and on the S£ and S by the fliires of Kiikcudbright and Wig- ton. In length it is about 50 miles ; its greatrft br«;adth is not quite 27. AzAMOR, a feaport of Morocco, formerly very confiderable, but ruined by the Portugnefe, in 1513. Lon. 7 o W, lat. 3» 50 N. Azores, or Western Isiands, a group of fertile iflamls, in the Allan- tic Ocean, between 25 and 32" W Ion. and 37 and 40° N bt. 900 miles W of Portugal, and as many E of Newfoundland. They are nine in number, viz. St. Maria, St. Michael, Terccra, St. George, Graciofa, Fyar, Pico, Flores, and Corvo. They Were difcovered in 14"9, and are ful;je6t to- the Portupuefe, whocall them the Ai.o-. res, from the number of hawks founl among them. They are fubjeft to x governor- general, who refides at An- gra, in Tercera. No polfonous ani- mal, it is. faid> is to be found in the Azores, and if carried thither it will expire in a few hours. All of them en- joy a falubrio..s air, but ate expoftd to violent carth^uidua* iv»*^' -jgwsr ,'ii. *«y^'<.v-»s;' t-r*,,VVii*»^W BAD DAnELMANDEL, a ftrait betwcc-n Africa and Arabia, uniting; the Ri-d S-a with the Indian Ocean. Near it is ;i fofia'.l in ind and a mountain of the fame name. Lon. 44 30 £» lat. i£ 40 N. Babeniiausen, atownof Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtennburg, five miles N fif Tubingen. Babolitz A Carethna, or Ba- BOLizA, a town oFSclivinia, near the river Dravc. between Pofega and Zy- geth. ^ Baca, or Baza, a town of Spain, in GrjnaJa, 15 miles NE of Guadix. Bacano, a village of Italy, in the Patrimony of St. Peter, on a lake, near a river of the fame name, where ths Fabii were defeated, in the 277ch year of Rome. BACASERAv,atown in theRuflian pn vince of Taiiridj, 70 miles S of I'lecop. . Baccarach, a tcnvn of Gertrany, in the palitinate of the Rhine, fjr- meily imperi il, and famous for its wines, it is fcated on the Rhine, 20 miles W ■ ofMentz. BACHiAN,oneoffheMoIurcainand!!, which produces clove;;, anJ belongs to thj Dutch. Lrn. 125 5 E,lat. o 25 S. Badajoz, a large town of Spain, capital of Elhamaduva, a bifhop's fee, and fimous for a bridge built by the R;;manE over the GiiaJiana. On this bridge the Portuguefc were defeated by Don John of Auftria, in 1661. It is 175 miles S by W of Madrid. Lon. 6 5c W, lat. 38 32 N. B/.DELONA, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, on the Mediterranean, xo miles NE of Barcelona. Baden, a town of Suabia, capitallof a margravate of the fame name, with % caftle, on the top of a mountain, where the prince often refides. Ic is remarkable fir its baths> whence it takes its name,, and is feated ne^r the Rhine, four miles S of Raftadt. Baden, a margravate of S*uahla, bjunded on the N by the palatinate wd the bifhopric of S^iiie, on the E by D AG the ducliy of Wlrtemburg, and prlntJ- I'ality of FoiUcnburg, on the S by the Brifgiw, and on the VV by the Rhire. It is divided into Upper aiid the L-)wcr. Baden, an ancient townof SwiO'er- land, in the county of Baden \ rcmai k- able for its baths, and the (i^aty con- cluded here in 17 14, between Germany and Spain, it is feateJ on the Lim- mat, 10 miles NW of Zuric. Baden, a town of Aulhia, famous far its hot baths ; feated on the liver Sutcliat, 15 miles SW of Vienna. Badenv. iiLZR, a town of Suabi?^ in the ma gravate of Baden, fcated near the Rhine, 10 miles S£ of Fribufg. Badgeworth, a village of Glou- cefti rfliire, noted for a fpring of muc- ral water, called Cold Pool. It ia feven miles NE of Gloucefter. Badis, a fjrttefs of Livoniai 20 miles £ of Revel. Baeza, a large cpifcopal town of Spain, in Anda'ufia, with a univet(itr» feated on the Guadalquiver, 15 miies NE cif Jaen. Baffin's Bay, a bay in N. Ame- rica, dilcovcrcd by Mr. Baffin, an En- glifhmaii, who attempted to find out a NW paflage that wiy to the Pacific Ocean. It extends from 70 to So" N Jat. Baffo, a town in the ifland of Cy- prus, with a fort near the ancient Pa- phos, of which confidcrable ruins re- main. Lon. 32 30 £, lat. 34 50 N. Bacdad, a large avd popolous city, capital of Irac 'Arabia, fcated on the Tigris, and inhabited by Chriftians^ Turks, &c. It has a caftle, and a con* fiderable trade, being annually vlfited by the Smyrna, Aleppo^ and weftera caravans. It was the capital of the Sa» racen empire, till taken by the Turks in the 13th century; fincc which it hris been taken and retaken .feveraf times by the Tasks and Perfians; and laft of all by the Tu:ks, in 1638. It is 250 miles N by W of Buflarah, Lon. 43 52 E, lat. 33, ao N. » BAGI.ANA,OrBoCKLANA,aCOUI»r' try of Hindooftan^ in the Dcccan. It extends from the Surat river to Poonah, and is inclofed by the ridge of moun- tains, called the Oauts* It is bounded Bf AI BAL. vn thcN by Candciffi, on the SW by Viiliapour, and on the SE by Dowia- tabad. Bagnaka, a feaport of the king- dom of Naples, in Ca:abria Uiteriore. Here 3017 perfons per ihed, by the dreadful earthquake in 1783^ Lon. 16 8 E, lat. 3S 15 ^^ Bacnaxea, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the Patrimony of St. Peter, £ve miles S of Orvieto. Bagneres, a town of France, in the deparcment of die Upper Pyrenees, feated at the foot of the Pyrenees, on the Adour, and much frequented, on account of its hot mineral waters. It is 10 miles SE of Tarbes. Bagnjalac, a town of Turkey in Europe, in Bofnla, 30 miles N£ of Spalatro. Bacnols, a town of France, in the departmentof Hetault, eight miles SW^ of Pont St. Elprit. Bahama, or Lucaya Islands, to the S of Carolina, between za and 473 N lat. and 73 and SiO'W lon. They extend along the coaft. of Florida to Cuba, and are laid to be 300 in num- ber, fome of them. mere rocks, but iz of them large and fertile. They ate all uninhabited, cxceptProvidencjc ; and are fubjcct to the Englifh, The cot- ton feed has been recently introduced into thcfe iflands from Georgia, and it well adapted to the foil and climate* Bahak, a country of Hindooftan Proper, bounded on ihe W by Allaha. bad and Oude, on t: z N by Napaul, on the E by Bengal, and on the S by Orif- fa. Itiftfubjedt to thf English Had In- dia Company ; and moft of the faltpetre they export is manufadured in this pro- vince, of wh'.;:h Patna is the capital. Bahbrkn Island, in the gulf of Perfia, once famous for its peail fish- ery. L'>n. 49 5 E, iat. 26 10 N. Bahvs, a town of Sweden, capital of a government of the fame name,.on a rock, in an iOand, 10 miles N of Gtfttenburg, Baia, an inconfiderable town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro. It was fjmouiv in the time of the ancient Romans, for Its hot baths and elegant palaces^ of which ibniu; ruins remaint It Is feated on the bay of Naples, ir miles W of Naples. Baja. See Bata. Bajador, a cape on the W coaft of Africa, Suf the Canary Iflands. Lon*. 14 22 W, lat. xi 12 N. Baikal, a great lake in Siberia, on the road from Ruflia tu^hina. Thers are a great many fetls in it, aod ftur- geons of a monftrous fize. Baillcul, a town of France, in the department of the North, nine miles SW of Ypres, Bain Gonga, or Bain Rii'er, a- large river of Hindo«ftan, which rifet near the Nerbudda, runs through Berar,, and unites with the Godavery. Bakkv.'£ll, a town in Derbyfliire,, with a market on Monday, feated on the Wye, 20 miles NNW of Derby,; and 151 from London. Baku, a town and fortiefs of Fer- fia, in the province of Schirvan, the inoft commodious haven of the Cafpian Sea, 300 miles S of Aftracan. Bala, a town of Merioneth/hire,, with a market on Saturday, feated on the lake of Baia, or Pcmblemere,which< is 13 miles in length, and Ax in breadth,, an i abounds with a fifh called a guinard,. refembling a falmon in fhape, and tak- ing Jike a trout. The Dee runs through this lake. The town is noted tor a. great trade in knit woollen ftockings. It is 50 miles SE of Holyhead, and 3195 NW of London. Ba LAC AT, -a province in the Dec- can of Hindooflan, confifVing of a vaft extent of fertile and populous plains, fupported in the nature of a terrace, by a ftupenduus wall of mountains, called the Gauts, which rifes abruptly from the low country called the Co-uan. This tradl is fu elevated, that the air is cool and ple.tfaiit. it is fubjc^l to thi Poonah Mahrattas. Balacu^r, a fortified town of Spain, in Catalonia, on the river Se- gra, at the foot of a craggy rock, 75 miles NW of Barcelona. Bal A R uc, a town of France, near the road from Montpellier toTouloufcj famous for its bathf>. Balasore, a feaport NW of thft bay of Bangui^ fgur nulet ftura it by BAL hnd, but by the rivers 20^ The !n- kabitantt make ftuft's of filk, cotton, and a fort of grafs. It is 180 miles SW of Hoogiy. Balbastko, an epifcopal town of Spain, in Arragon, on the river Vero, 42 miles N£ of Saragofla. Balbec, the ancient Heliopolis, a town of Syria, at the foot of Mount Libanus, famous for its magnificent ruins, which- have been copioufly de- fcribed by Meflrs. Wood and Dawkins, and M. Volney.^ Balbec is chiefly in- habited by Chriftians of the Greek church, and is 37 miles N of D»maf- cus. Lon. 37 20 E, lat. 34. 22 N-. Balch, a town of Ufbec Tartary, 200 miles S of Bokhara. BALDiviA,'a feaportof Chili,in S America, built by the Spanifli general Ba'divia, about the year ISSI* It Aands between the rivers Callacailes and Portero, where they fall into the S Sea. Lon. 73 20 W, lat. 32 38 S. Baldock, a town in Herts, with a market on Thurfday,. chiefly of note for its trade in malt. It is nine miles WofRoyfton,and 37 NNWof London. Bali, an ifland forming the N fide of the (traits of Java, through which the Bad India fliips fometimes return: from China; but the paflfage is com- monly very diiiicult, on account of con- trary winds. This idand is populous, and abounds in rice and all forts of fruits. Lon. 115 50 £, lat. 7 10 S. Ballaghy, a town of Ireland, in the county of Sligo, 21 miles S of Sligo. Ballyconnxl, a town of Ire- land, in the county of Cavan, 1 1 miles NE of Cavan. BALLYNAKitt, a borough of Ire- land, in Queen's County, 18 miles NW of Kilkenny. Ballyshannon, a large feaport of Ireland, in the county of Donegal, 110 miles NW of Dublin. Lon. 7 50 W, lat. 54 33 N. Ballogistan, LiTTLt,acoun- try of Hindooftan Pro(,cr, bordering on the N of Mewat, and approaching with- in 24 mfles of Delhi. It is 80 or 90 miles long, and from 30 to 40 broad. V/ithin this century it was feiaed by Ihi Bslloges, or Bailocli«s, whofc coua- BAI* try adjoins to the W bank of the Indvf, oppolite Moultan. They are repre« fented as a very favage and cruel race. Baltic, a lirge fea, between Den* mark and Sweden to the W, and Ger- many, Poland, and Ruflia to the Er- It contains the gulfs of Bothnia, Fin- land, Riga, and Dantzic. It neither ebbs nor flows, and a current always fets through tlie Soand into the ocean* Baltimore, a town of Ireland, in' the. county of Cork, on a headland which kuns into the fea,. nine mileS' NE of Cape Clear. Baltimore, a town of Maryland^, the fourth in liz.;,and theflfth in trade, inche United States of America, feated on the Pdtapfe, which runs into the: bay of Chefapeak. Tlie number of in- habitants is upward of, j 0,000. It is 45 miles NE rjf Annapolis. Bamber-G', a large town of Fran- coYiia, capital of a bifliopric of the fame; name. It was formerly inipetial ; and has a univerfity. It is feated at the confluence of the Maine andRednitz^; 35« miles N of Nuremburg. Bamberg, a town of Bohemiaf. at the foot of a mountain, 30 miles S- of Glatz. Bampton, a town in OxfordHiirey,: with a market on Monday, feated near the Thames, 12 miles W of Oxford, and 70 W by N of London. Bampton, a town in Devon/hire^ with a- market on Saturday, 14 miles NNE of Exeter, and 163 W by S of London. Banbury, a town of Oxfordfhire, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated on the Charwellj fends one member to parliament}, is noted fur its cakes and chsefc ; and is 75. miles NW of London. Banc A, an ifl.md, town, andftralt, on the £ coaft of Sumatra. Ba N c A L I s, a feaport en the E coaft of Sumatra, where the Dutch have « fettlement. It is 1 30 miles W of Ma- lacca. Bancock, a town of Afla, in the kingdom of Slam, with a fort, once in pod'cflion of the French, who were ex- pelled in 1688. It is 40 miles S of Siatn* hon. 101 5 £, laC. 13 35 N* I BAN ■ Bakda, the chief of the B.m3a, or Nutmeg Ifljnds, in the Indian Ocean. They lie between 127 3nd 1280 ,E Idn. and 4 and 50 S lat. cowprehend- ing the ifl.'S of Luntor, Pclr,rot'n, Ro- 'ing'ngj Pooloway, Gonapi, Nf.io, &c. Tfie nutmeg, covered wiih mace, grows on thefe iflands only; and they have been fubjeft to the Dutch, ever fince 1609, when they expelled both the Englilh and natives. They arc all very tiTial, the largdft being fcaicely 20 miles in length; and are fubjeft to earth- quakes. Banda is 75 miles SE of Am- boyna. Lon. 128 5 E, lat. 4 50 S. Bander Congo, aHfeaport of Per- fiJ, on the gulf of Perfia, 80 m-lcs W of Gombroon. Bandora, the capital of Salfette, an ifl ind to the N of Bombay. Lon. 72 40 E, lat. 19 o N. Banff, a f aport, the county-town of Banffahirc, on the declivity of a hill, at the mouth of the Deveron. The town-houfc is adorned with a handfome fpire. Here are manufiidtories of thread and llockings; a-.d th? childien attend the mani'faftory iind fchool alternately ; fo that education and induftry are united. In the middle of the town is Banft" Caftle, belonging to the Fir.dlatcr fa- ifii'y. The harbcur is defended by a pier and a bnttcrv. At the foot of the hill, is Puff Houf?, the feat of the eail of Fire, clofe to whoA- garden ii a bridge, of fcvcn arches, rreded by go- vcrnmpnt over the Deveron. Fanff is 32 mlK'S NW of y\bcrdccii. Lon. % 15 W, hit. 57 35 N. Banffshirk, a cnunty of Scot- land, bnuiidcQ on the N by the Mur- ray Frith, on the SE by Abcrdeenfliirc, and on the NV/ by MurraJ-flii.e. Its greateft length is 50 miles, and its breadth nearly 30. BA^'GAL0RE, a ftrong fortrefs of Myfore, in the peninfula of t^indoo- ftan. It is the bulwsrkof Myfore toward Arcot. It was taken by the Engli/h In 1791 J but redortil in 1792.' It js 74 miles NE of Sering.tpatam. Banohir, a town cf Ireland, in King's County, on the Shannon, 15 miles S of Athlonc. Bangor, a city of Carnarvoofliire, BAR with a market on Wcdnefday. It Was once fo conliderable, that ic was called Bangor the Great, and defended by 4 ftrong caltle. Tiie principal buildings are the cathedral and the bi/hop's pa- lace. It is 36 miles W of St. Afaph, and 251 WNW by London. Ban Cor, a borough of Ireland^ in the county of Down, on the bay of Carrickfergus, oppofite to the town of that name. Ban JAR, a river in the ifland of Bor.-ico, at the moutli of wiiich is a tovi^n where the Engli/h have a factory. Ban STEAD, a village of Surry, noted for its downs, oneofthemoft (ielightful fpots in England, on account cf its fine carpet ground, covered with fhort herbage, perfumed with thyme and juniper, which make the mutton of. this fpot very fwcct, though fmall. Th'jfe downs form a tradtof 50 milts> extending, under different denomina- tions, from Croydon to Farnham. Ean- fteaJ is 13 miles SSW of London. Bantam, a town, on the NW coaft of Java, capital of a kingdom of the fanne name, with a good harbour, and a caflle. Ic is divided into two towns, by a rivrr. The Englifli and. Dares had fadhiries here till 1682, when they were expelled by the Dutch. The produce is pepper, of which the Dutch export vali quantities. Bantam, once populous and flourifliing, is now a poor and wretched pl-ce. Lon. loj 26 E; lat. 6 40 S. J- A N THY, a town of Ireland, in the county olCoik, on a bay of the At- lantic, to which it gives name. Lon. 925 W, lat. 51 36 N. Bapaume, a town of France, in the department of the Straits of Ca- lais, 12 miles SE of Arras. Bah, a town of Poland, in Podoli,i, on the i.ver Bog, 40 miles NW cf Biac!ilawk Uf.u, or the BARRois,a late duchy of France, between Lonain and Cham- pagne. It now forms the department of Meufe. BAR-DK-Dirc, a town of France, in the department of Meufe, with a caflle. It is divided iino the upprr and tower tuwn ) the tatter is wntcted BAR fi AR us, a late duchy i.»in and Cliam- ihe dcpaitnicnt fey the mulct Omey, in wli'th are very fine trout. It is fcaied on the fide of a hill, 30 miles W ot Toul, and 138 E ot'Paiis. Bar-svr-Aubk, an ancient towa of France, in the department of Aubc, fam' us for its wines, and iieatcU at the foot of a mountain, 18 miles SW of Joinviile. Bar -suR-SEiNE,atovvnof France, in the department ©f Aubc, 20 niiles SWof Bar-fiir-Aube. Bar A, one of the Hebrides of Scot- land, to the S of S Uift. Ic is five miles long and three broad. At low water, it alnuoft con\muiiicati;s with Kenbecula; on which account, bath iUands arc fometimes called the Long lJl:inxl. B/1KAC0A, a feaport of Cuba, 50 m"lcs NE of Jit. J ago 4e Cuba. Lon* 76 10 W, lat. 21 o N. Baranco-ds>Malambo, a town of S America, in Terra Firma, with a biihop's fee, and « good harbovir, feated on the river Madaleoa« 75 miles N of Carthagen«« Babamwamii, » town of Lower Hungary, fakeo from the Turks in 1684. It 18 Tented on the rivulet Crof> fo, near the Danube, 90 nniles NW of Belgrade. Barbadoes, tlie eafternnnoft of the Engliih Windward Iflands, in the Weft Indies, 2 5 miles in length, ami 15 in breadth. The number of the whites is about 'ao,ooo, who have ioo,oco flavcs. The fugar brought hence to England is whiter and finer than that of anyother ifland. Thisiiland has fuftcr- cd much from hurricanes; particularly, from a dreadful one, 061. 10, 17S0. It is 70 miles Eof St. Vii^cent. The capital is Bridgetown. Barbary, a country of Africa, be- tween the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and Egy,>t, and containing the coun- tries of Uai'ca, Tripoli, Tunis, Algiers, Fez, and Morocco. It is near 1000 miles in length, and, in fome places, 750 in breadth. The eftab'ilhcd reli- gon is the Mahometan, and there are Ibme Jews } but no Chriflians, except ths Haves, Barb AS, a cape of Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean. Lon. 16 40 W, lat* 22 I 5 N. Barbe, St. a tovvmof New Bifcay, in ^isxici), 41C ir which ire rich filver- mines. It is 500 miirs NWof Mexi- co. Loo. jay s W> '^t. ^G o N*. Bakbekino, a town of Tufcany, at the foot of the Appennines, on the river Sieva, iz miles N of Florence. : Barbezieux, a town ot Franctf, in the department of Charcnte. Ic has a mineral fpring, and a manufadloiy of linen cloth. It is 45 miles N£ of Bourdeaux. Barbuda, one of the Englifh Lee- ward Illands,in thcWcH ladies, 20 miles long, a-d 12 brcaJ. It is liie pvopcvty of the Cidrington famiiy, and is 19 miles NE of St. Chrillopber. Lon* 6» 50 W, lat. 17 49 N. Barca, a country (Jf Barbary, on the S coaft of the Mediterranean, be-* tween Tripoli and Egypt it is a bar^ ren dcfert, inhabited by none but wan* fkrtng Arabs. B A R c 1 L ON A , the cspiui of Cal$* Ionia, in Spain, with s bilhop's fee, and a good harbour on the Medi^rm-. nean. It contains 1 j,coo houfes, and is defended by a fort, which ftandson a rocky mountain, a mile \V of the town. It has double walls on the N and E, and the i'ca on the S with a mole. It is divided iiUo the new aitcl old town, by a wall ami a ditch. Ic has a univerfity, an inquidtion, and feveral handfomc llruilurcs. In 1705, it was taken by the carl of Pcl'erbo- rough. In 1706, Philip V inveftcd it, but was ob'igcd tj raife the firge. In 1714, it was taken by the French and Spaniaids, when it was deprived of all its privileges, and the citadel built to keep it in awe. It is 250 miles E of Madrid. Lon. 2 j} £, lat. 41 26 N. B,ARCELONETTA,a town of France^ in the department of the Lower Alp8» II miles SE of Embrun. Barcei. OR E, rt town of the pcnin-. fula of Hindoortan, on the coaft of Ma- labar : it is a Dutch fa(5lflry,i3o miles S •f C(ja» Lon. 74 1 5 E, Uc. 1 3 15 N. •m\' BAR Sa'XCEi.os, a town of Portugal, on ^e river Sourilla, ao miles N of Oporto. Bardswick, a town of Germany, in theduchy of Lunenburg, on the river Ilmenau, 17 miles SE of Hamburg.. Bardon Hills, high hills in the NW c( Leicefterfhire. Bardsey, a fma!l ifland of Car- narvonfliire, at the N point of Cardigan Bay. Bar Ds TOWN, a town of Kentuckyi In the county of Nelfon. Bardt, a feaport of Germany, in Swediflj Pomerania, with a caftle, near the Baltic, iz miles W by N of Stral- fund. Barigxs, a villnge of France, in the department of the Upper Pyrenees, frequented on account of its mineral baths. It is 12 miles S of Bagneres* Bareith, a town of Franconia, in the margravate of Culembach, with a lamous college^ 15 miles S£ of Cu- Jembacfau Barf LSURy a town of France} ni tile department of the Channel. It was ruined by the EngliHi in 1346, and the harbour filled up. The cape of that name is 14 miles E of Cherburgi and 175 NW of Paiis» Bari, a town of Naples, capital of Terra- di-Bari, and an aichbifhop's fee. It is feated on the gulf of Venice, and had once a good harbour, which wac deftroyed by the Venetians. It is 20 miles E of Tranl. Bari, or Terra- di-Bari, a pro- vince of Naples, on the gulf of Venice. The air is temperate, and the foil fer- tile ; but there are many ferpencs and tarantulas. Barjols, a town of France, in the department of Var, 19 miles from Rie?i Barking, a town of E(\'ex, with a market on Saturday, feated on the ri- ver Roding, near the Thames. It was celebrated for a magnificent nunnery, a gateway and part of the walls of which are ftill vifible. It is fcven miles E of London. Bark WAY, a town of Herts, 18 miles S by W of Cambiidge, and 35 N by E of London. ^SAAX.STTA| 8 town of Naples, in Bari, with a bifliop's fee, on the galf of Venice, 25 miles WSWof Bari. Barnard Castlb, a town in the county of Durham, with a market on Wedneiday, It has a manufadlory of ftockings, and is feated on the river Tees, 30 miles SW of Durham^ and 244 NNW of London. Barnevelt, an ifland of S Ame- rica, to the S of Tierra del Fuegoi Lan. 66 58 W, lat. 55 49 S. BARNET,a towm, partly in Middle- ftx and partly in Herts, with a market on Monday ; fituate on a hi!l, whence it is ca'led High Bamct.and alfo Chip- ping Barnet^ from a market granted here, by Henry II, to the monks of St. Alban's. It is a hamlet to the pa- rifli of Eaft Barnet. Near this place w.« fought, in 1471, the dcci' ve battle between the h(.ufes of York and Lancader; and,, a lictie before the meeting of the St. Alban's and Hat- field roads, is a column, with an in- fcription, to commemorate this event. Barnet \a n miles N by W of London.. Barnet, East, a village near Bar- net, once frequented on account of t> medicinal fprlngp * Barnslsy, a to^wi in the W ri- ding of YorkOiire, wiiK z market on Wednefday. It is feated on the fids of a hill, and has manufadtories of li- nen and wire. It is 174 miles N by W of London-s Barnsley, a village of Gloucef- terHiire, noted for large quarries of ex- cellent freeftone. It isfour miles NB of Clrencefter. Barn STAPLE, a feaport and bo< rough of Devonshire, with a market on Friday, feated on the river Tau, u miles £ of Barnftaple Bay in the Bri- ftol Channel, 38 NNW of Exeter, and 191 W of London. Baroach, a town in the Deccan of Hindouftan, on the Nerbudda, 40 miles N of Surat. Dakraux, a fortffs of Dauphiny, at the ent.ancc of the valley of Grefi- vaudan, built by a duke of Savoy, in 1597, It was taken by the French in 1598, and is feated on the ll'ere^ fi« miles S of Ch.imberry, , Vf jv fiAKTHOz.oM&w littf \ ftaalt< BAS B AS" y(zni, in the S Pacific Ocean, pne of the New Hebrides. Lon. 167 17 £> bt. 15 42 S. Bartholomew, St. one of the Caribbee iflands, in the W Indies, 30 jniles N of St. Chriftopher'j. It is zo miles in circumference, and has a good harbour. The French ceded it to the Sv^cdesin 17S5. Lon. 63 10 W, lab 17 56 N. Barton, a town in L'lncolnflMre, virh a market on Monday, feated on tiic Humber, where there is a ferry into Yorkihire. It is 55 miles K of Lincoln, and i>66 N of London. Barut:;; an ancient town of Sy- ria, wiih a Chriftian church, 30 miles NE of Seyda. Lon. 36 30 £, Jat. 34 10 N. Basartschick, a trading town of Turkey in Europe, in Romania, Seated on the river Meritz. Lon. 24 40 E, lat. 4» 19 N. Basil, or Baslz, the capital of the canton of Bafil, in Swinerland> with a bifliop's fee, and a famous uni- Terfity. It is divided into two parts by the Rhine ; th>> largeft of which is on the fide of Swiflerland, and the leaft on that of Germany; hut they are joined by a hamifome brldg?-. In the cathedral, under a marble tomb, i$ in- terred the great E 47 W by S of London. Basqjues, alate territory of France^ which inclutied Lower Nivarre, La* bourd, and Soule, and now fjrms, vinth Beam,, the department of the LoweP Pyrenees. Thefupplenefsof the limbsj, and the agility of the inhabitants, are proverbial. Bass, a great infulatedrock.in the German Ocean, one mile from th& coafl of Haddingtonfliire, between the towjis of North. Berwick and Dunbar* On the S iide it is almoft conic ; on the other it overhangs the fea in a tre- mendous manner. U is inaccefltble oik all fides, except the SW, and there it is with great difficulty that a man cai» dimh up by the help of a rope or lad- der. In May and June it is quite co-> vered with the nefts, eggs, and young, birds of the- ganncta, or folin gecfe, that it is C:arce poOible to walk with- out treading on them; and the flocka of birds,, in flight, are fo prodigidus, as to da ken the air, like cloiida; 3nd their nolfe is fuch, that people clol"!: by each, other,, h' ar what i& fpoken with diffi- culty. Thefe birds come hidier to breed The rock is one mile in cir« cumfe'cnce, and fupplied with water by a fpring ac tlx; top. A ruinous ciftle, oiice the ftatc prifon of Scot-- land, ftandi at the edge of the preci- pice. The garrifon, in 1694, fur- rendered to king William, and the for- tificaMons were deniaiirtied. A caverU' runs through the rock, quite daik iii, the ceiitri.', where, it is faid, there is a deep pool of fgjA water. The rock haar a rabbit A'arren, and pafture for a few flieep. Lon. 2 35 W, lat. 56 3 N. Bassano, a town of Viceiitiuo, ir» the territory of Venice, on the river. Brnntc. Lon. 11 24 E, lat. 45 51 N. Bassej a town of Franceji ia tlioi. BAT BAT iJicpa tirent of the North, well k nown fey the many fieges it h.is fuflained } but Its foil: :..:'ions ar? demolifhed. It is 1 8 milaoSWof Ljflc. Tassee?!, a city and fortrefs in the Dcccanof Wrtdooftan, oppofite the N end of Salletce, Jt was taken by the Efiglilh in 1781., but ref.oied to the Mahraltas in 1723. It is £7 ■liJes N of BoiTibny. B > s s E N i •"*■ A 1 T B - w A T E R , a fi ne kke in Cumbcvland, ibree inilcsNW ef Kcfwkk. It is f(uir miles iorg. Bassfit/hrk, tlic capital of St. Chriftophcr, a fine tovvn,^ buiJt by the French, whcri th's pait of the ifland vas in t-heir p(»fite th« ifland of Corf'u, at the nwuth ' «f the river Ca!amo. Lou. ao to E} ht. 39 40 N. BAbTiA, the capital "Batacola, a feaport on the coaft of Mdiabiir, between Onore and Bar- ctlore. The country produces a great quantity of pepper 5 and tlie Engli/h had a fai^ory licre till 1670, when a bull-dog having killed a facred cow, the natives malfacrcd them all. Bataseck, a town of Lower Hun- gary, on the Danuse, 70 miles S of Buda. Bat AVI A, a city of the ifland of Java, capital of all the Dutch fettle- nienti in the Eaft Indies. The fort is huiit at a dift.ince from the town, of &01K brought from Europe. They have canals in the principal ftrcrfs, planted on each fide with evergreen trees. Bjtavia cont.ins a prodigicus number of inhnbirants of every coun- try in thefe parts. Tt is the re deuce of the governor-gc-nenl of all the Dutch olonics in the E.ift Indies. All the goods briughr from other parts of the Indies nr: laii up hcr«, 1 11 they ait pxpcited to their places of deftinaticn. The air is very nnwhoJefome j and this place is reprelente-:^ as the grave of European navigators. Its harbour is exceilent, and ieated on theNE part of the iPand. Lon. tc6 51 E, lat. 6 ir) S, Sec Betuwe. Bath, acity olfSomerfetftire, with a market on "Wedncfday a/id Sutur- day J f.imous for its hotfprings, which are not only ufed as baths, but intc-- nnl'y as a medicine; and great benefits are derived from them in gouty, para- lytic, and bilious cafes, &c. Bath is bs. come, m confcquence, the principal refoi't, next to the metropolis, for the nobility and gentry, and the conftant refidence of many opulent invalids, at well as of numerous votaries of dilHpa- tion. In fplendour and elegance of buildings, it exceeds every town in England ; they being conftrufted of a white (lone. The principal feafons for the waters, are- fpring and autumn. The poor who come here to drink tht waters, may be received in a magnifi- cent hofpital. fiath is fcated on the Avon, which has been made naviga- ble hence to Briftoi, 12 miles ESE of Briftol, and 107 W of London. Lon. 2 21 W, Ut. 51 22 N. ■ Batha, or Bachia, a town of Hungary, in a county of the fame name, on the Danube, no miles SSEofBuda. Batskord, a village of Glouccf- ter/hire, through which paflls the great Roman road from the north in its way to Cirenccfter j and thct« is a fmall entrenchment fuppofed to have been thrown up by the Romans. It is four miles from Campden. Battel, a town in Suflcx, with a market on Thurfday. It is famous for the vidlory gained by William dulce (f Normandy, over Harold king of Eng- B A V > Ixnd in 1066 J in memory of which he founded here a celebrated abbt-y. This town is noted for a manufadlory of gun- powder, well kno."n by the name of Bji'e/ f(ru;der^ it being the fineft in England. Battel is 22 miles E of Lew- es, and 57 S£ of London. Uattecola, a fortified town, on the E coall of Ceylon, fubjeft to the Dutch. Battenburc, a town of Dutch GuelJerland, feated on the Meufe, 10 miles SW of Nimeguen. Battersea, a village of Surry, noted for its fine afparagus. Here was the feat of the St. Johns, where the famous lord Boljngbroke was born, and (ii:'Q. On the fite of it, now ftands a didiilcry, and u curious horizontal alr- Dilil. Here fir Walter St. John found- ed a freefchool ; and hers is a timber bridge over the Thames to Chelfea. Batterfea is four miles WSW of Lon- don. Battlefield, avillage in Shrop- shire, live miles N of Shrewibury, where the decilave viftory was gained by Henry IV, over Henry Percy, fur- named Hotfpur. Bavauia, one of the circles of the G^rtnin cmpiie, bounded on the W by Snib'a, on the N\V by Franconiit, oa the NE-by Bohemia, and on the E a d S by Auftria. It contains the duchy of Bava.ia Proper, the Upper Falatinate, tlie bi/hoprics of Freifcn- gcn and Paifau, the duchy of Neu- burg, and the archbi/hopric of Saitz- burg. Bavaria Proper, Duchy of, the princlpil part of the circle of Bav.nia, which formed one of the nine eleflo- rates of Germany, till the dctth of the tl-dtor Maximilian, in 1777, when h^* w.ib fiiccecded by Charles, cleftor pa- l-tine of th:' Rhine, who, however, by the trcjty of Tefchcn, in 1779, ceded apart of it, on the on fines of Auftiia, to die emperor Jofeph 11. This duchy is U5 miles long, and 87 broad. The air is wholcfome, and the country fer- tile. It is divided ir.to Upper and Lower Bava ia. Its capital is Munich. B A V A R J A , U P P E R P a I. A T I N a T K oy, foQietipieci;alJe«iNpKoa AW} from 1. wv ' BAY Its fitujtton In the nirth part of the circle of Ilavaiia, is likevvife a duchy, fubjedt tj the eJeftor Palatine. Its capital is Amberg. Bavay, a town of France, in the department of the Norlh. It vas taken by the Auftrians in 179:.^ recovered the fame year, and taken by the French in 1794. It is three miles SW of Malplaquet. Baugf. , a town of France, in the department of Maine and Lmre, fa- mous for the viilory gained by Chailes Vll over the Engl.fh, in 1421. It is feated on the river Coefnon, 18 mile* E of Angers. Baugenci, f. town of France, in the department of Loiie, feated on a hil', at the foot of which runs the Loire. It is famous for its wir>es, and is fix miles W of Orleans. Baume-les-Nones, a town of France, in the department of Doub. It had lately a nunnery, from which it received its appellation; and is J5 miles SW of Bcfan^on. Bausk, or Bautko, a town of Courland, with a caftie op a rock. It is f'ated on the Mufza, 15 miles SE of Mittau. Rawtry, a town in the W ridinr of Yorkfhire, w'th a n).irket on We* nefday. It is- not^-d for millftoncs and grindftonej, brought by the river Idle, on which it is Hated, feven milct S by E of Donciftcr, and 1 52 N of London, Bautzen, the capital of Upper L-ifitia, with a citidol, on the river Spree, 30 miles E of Drefden. Baux, a town of France, in the de^ partmcnt of the Mouths of the Rhone, on a Dck, at the top of which is a caftle } 10 miles £ by N of Aries. Rata, or Baja. atwn o; i. -.ver Hunjjary, on the Danube^ 32 miles N of FfVeck. Bayeux, a town of Franc*;, >n the department of Calva Vs, with a biflinp's fee. It is feated on th;», rive- Ann, four miles from the Engtifh C lannel, and 140 W by N .if Paris. Bayon, a town of France, in the department of Meurthe, on the river Mofcile, 12 miles S of Nanci. ^AYofi/i.} a kaport Qf %»»! Ml ■H' BE A BE A d.Ilcia, on a gulf of the Atlantic, 12 miles W of Tuy. Bayonne, a flouiifliing commcr • cial city of trance, lately a bifljop's tec, in the department of ihe Lower Pyrenees. Two riveis, the: Nive and Adocr, unite thvir ftreains iivthe mid- die of this city, and proceed to the fea, at the diftancc o*" near a mile. The cit.\del is 0!ie of tl.^ ftrongeft in France. A bank of fand renders the entrance of the harbour difficult; but vefie's, jwhen tht-y have entered, find it a fafe nne. The military w.apon, the iayo- fiet, bears the name ot this city, in which it was invented. The hams and chocolate of Bayonne arc famous. It is 25 miles SW of Diix, and 425 S by W rf Paris. Lon. i 30 W, hit. 43 *9 N' Bazas, a town of France, in the department of Gironde, lately an epif- copal fee. It is feated on a rock, 42 milrs S E of Bourdeaux. Be ACHY HiAD, a promontory 0/ Suflex, between Haftirgs and Shore- Jiam, where the French fleet defeated the Englifli and Dutch in 1690. Lon. o 19 E, lat. 50 54 N. Beaconsfield, a town in Bucks, •with a maiketon Thurfday, i'\ miles WNW of London. Beaminster, a town in Dorfet- ihire, with a market on Th rfday, feated on the Bort, 1 5 miles WNW ofDorchefter, and 138 W by S of -London. Bearalston, a borough in De- vonlhire, which had a market, now dif- ufed. It is 10 miles N of Plymoi.th. Bearn, a'latc province of France, fcoundcd on the E by Bigoae, on the S by Spaniih Navarre, on the W by Soule and a part of Lower N.ivarrc, and on the N by Gafcony and Armagnac. It is 40 miles in length, and 30 in •breadth. It now forms, with Bafqucs, ■the department (if the Lower Pyrenees. Be A vc aire, at9wn rf France, in the department of Gard, on the Rhone, oppofite Tarjfcon, with which it has «■ communication by a bridge of boats. The fair, held July 22, piirtly in the town, and partly under tents in an ad- jacent valley, is on^ of the rovA Ai< mnus In 'Euiope. It is 10 miles E of Nifmes. Beauce, a late province of France, betv/een the Ifle of France, Blafois, and Oi leanois. It now forms the depart, ment of Eure and Loire. Beaufort, a town of France, in the department of ^'aine and Loiie, It has -aftle, ^" - i wh ch the Engli/h family ' Sr %'.t take the title of Duke. 1 , -"iles E of Angers. BiAi/ V' '•. ; jwn of Savoy, on the river L , 11 i^^iJ^i NE of Mon- fti'^r. Beaufort, a town oi S Carolina, on Port Royal Ifland. Lon. 80 10 W, lat. 31 40 N. Beaujeu, a town of France, in the department of Rhone and Loire, with an ancient caftle, on the Ardiere, at the foot of a mountain, eight miles W ef Saonc. Beaumaris, the county-town of Anglcfey, with a market, on Wed- ncfday and Saturday. It flands on the ftrait cf Menai ; was fortified with j caftle by Edward Ij and fends one member to pailiament. It is 59 miles V; by N of Chefter, and 441 NW of London. Lon.- 4 15 W, lat, 53 ic N. Beaumont, a town of France, in the department of the North, between the Macfe and Sambxe, 10 miles E oi Maubeuge. Beaumont - DE - LoMAGNE, a town of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, on the Gimone, five miles from the mouth of that river, a;:d- 12 SE of Lefloure. Beaumont- LE-RoGER, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine, 22 miirs SVv' of Rouen. Beaumont - LE - VicoMTi, a town of France, in the department of S-irU', 10 miles N of Mans. P.EAUMONT-SUR-OlSE, 3 tOWn of France, in the department of Seine and O fe, on the declivity of a hill, on the liver Oife, ao miles N of Paris. Beaune, a town of France in the department of Cote d'Or, remarkable for its cxcclicnt wine. It i« 25 milei SW of Dijon. . ££AUVois, an epifcppal city ^ BED Trance, In the department of O'Te. It w.« bcfiegcd, in 1463, by the fluke of Burgundy, when the womsr, un- der the condudl of Jeanne Hacheitc, obliged the duke to raile the ficge j and, in memory of their ex plots, the women wa k firft in a proceifiun on the 10th of July, the anniverfary of their deliverance. It is feated on the river Thefin, 42 miles N of Faiis. Beauvoir-sur-mek, a maritime town of France, in the department of Vendee, 25 miles SW of Nances. Bebelinguen, a town of Su.ibia, In the duchy or Wirtemburp, leated on a lake, lO miles NW of Srutgard. Bzc, a town of Francp, in the de- pirtment of Lower Seine, i3 miles SW of Rouen. BtcctES, a town in S ffulk, on the n.wigable river Waveney, with a mirkpt on Saturday. Here are two freefchooU; one rf them w th lofcho- hrfliips for Emanuel ,Collpg';, Cam- brldije. Btcclcs is 12 miles SW of.Yar- mouth, and 108 NEofLmdon, Bec d' ARiEuXjOr Eedarieux, a ti;wn of France, in the department of Herault on the river Obe, ao miles N of Bez'ers. Bechin, atov/n of Bohemia, on the liver Laufnics, 55 miles S of Prague • Beck'JM, a town cf Weftphalia, in the bilhopric of Munlter, feated at the fource of the Veife, 20 miles SE of Munfter. Becsangil, a province of Natolia, anciently called Bithynia. The capi- tal is Burfa. Bedale, a town in the N riding of Yorkihire, with a market on Tutf- (isy, 10 miles SE of Richmond, and 220 NNW of London. BtnDiKGTON, a village nearCrny- I don, in Surry. The church is a Go- thic pile, with (lalls in the ailes, like 1. a cathedral. EiDEN, or BIDING, a village, in ISuU'ex, 13 miles fr^m Lewes, near a rlvtrof its own name, which runs in- l.to the Enjjlifh Channel at N«w bhore- 1 ham. Beder, a fortified city of the Dec- |.«n of Hindooftan, in Dowlatabad, liCiice the capital of a confiderable king- BED dom. It is 80 miles NW of tJyit»m bad. Lon. 78 o E, lat. 17 o N. Bedford, a county of Pennfylva- nia, 77 miles long and 50 broad. The inhabit.in:s, in 1790, were I3,I20« Bedford is the capit.il. Eedford, the county-town of Bed- ford, in Fcnnlylvania. Lon. 78 34 W, lat. 40 o N. Bedford, a borough, the county- town of tedfordihire, with two mar- kets, on Tuefday and Saturdiy. It ia .feated on the Oulc, which divides it into two parts, united by a bridge w th a gate at each end. It has five churches, and i-: .governed by a mayor, 12 aldermen, a recorder, and two bai- Wti'i. It is 27 miles E by N of Buck- ingliam, and 50 N by W of London, Lon. o 30 W, Jat. 52 13 N. t ^«.: Bedford Level, a trad of fenny land, in the iHe of Ely, confifting of 300,000 acres, and extending into the counties of Norfolk, Suffulk, Hunt- ingdon, Northampton, and Lincoln, After various attempts to drain thefe fenr-, in the re igns of Henry VI and Chsiesl, William carl of Bedford, in 1649, undertook, ^d completed it j and, in the reignof ChailcsU, a cor- poration was eftabliflied for the govern- ment of this great level. In thefe fens are tcveral decoys, in which in- numerable quantirics of wild fowl are take!, daring the fcafon. P.,EDF0Rj)SHiRe, a county in Eng- land, bounded on theNE by Hunting- don/hire, on theE by CasTibridge/hiie, on the SE by Herts, on the SW by Bucks, aiid on the NW by Northamp- ton/hire. Its utnioft Iccgth is 35 .miles, and ilsgrcatcft breadth -iz. It lies in the diocefe of Lincoln, contains ninehunJvedo, 10 market-towns, and 124 paiiihes, and fends four members to parli-iment. Bednore, o» Bjddanori, a town of the pcninfula of Hindoortan, in Myfore. It was taken by general Matthews in 1783 j but retaken foon after by Tippoo Sultan. The capitula- tion was violated, and tlie general poi- foncd. It is 452 miles SE of Bombay, and 1S7 NW of Seringapjtam. Lua. 75 30 ^'i '»'• ^4 o N, BEL Eedotuks, tribes cf wanJciliig Arabs, who live in tents, nnd arc dil- pcrfed all over Arabia, Egypt, and tiie N of Africa, governed by their own ch'.Lts, in the fame in.inner as the pa- triarchs lived and were governed an- ciently } the principal employment of both, ihe grazing of cattle. Eejwin, great, a borough in Wiitlliire, which has neither market nvY fjir. Tt is five mi!es SW of Hungerford, and 71 W of London. Beemah, a river of Hindooltan, in the Deccan, a principal branch of the Kiftna, joining it near Edghir. Befort, a ftrong town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, at the foot of a mountain, zi miles W ■of Bafil. Eeggia, r town of the kingdom of Tunis, with 3 caftle, on the decli- vity of a mountain, 65 miles W of Tunis. Be J A, a town of Portugal, in Alen» tejo, no:ir a lake of the farnc namej 7i miles SE of LiJbon. Beichi iN'HEN, a town of Ger- many, in 'J h iringia, 17 miles N of W-ir..ar. Eeinheim, a fort of France, in Alfice, on the Sur, near its confluence wiih the Rhine, fix miks SW of Raftadt. Beila, a town of Piedmont, 32 m'L's N of Turin. Betra, a province of Portugal, bounded on the N by Tiz-los-Montcs and E.'itre Doucro-e-M:nha ; on the S by Portugucfe Eltramaduia ; on the E by Spai ■'h Elhamadura j and on the W by the Atlantic, Belcastuo, an epifcopal town of Nap'es, in Cala' ria Uiteriore, on a mountain, 12 miles SW of San Seve- rino. Belchite, a town of Spa'n, in Anngon, on the liver Almonazir, zo miles S of Saragofla. Bei, cnoE, a town of Ireland, in tlie county of Fermanagh, featcd en Lough NilJy, iS miles SE of Bally- /hainon. Bel EM, a town of Portugal, in £!>!■. madura, on the Tajo, a mile from Lilbon^ dcfgncd to defend the BEL city ; and here all the flii[-s tliat fa?, up the river muft bring to. Here they inter the kings and queens ci Portugal J and here is a royal palace. Belestat, a town of France, in the department of Arriege, rcmailu- b!e for a fp.ing, which, it is faid, ebbs and flows la times in 34 hours, as exadly as a clock. Belfast, a borough and fcaport of Ireland, in the county of Antrim, leatcd on Carrickfergus Bay. It is one of the molt flouiilhing commercial towns in Ireland. A navigable cana , connediing the harbour with Lough Neagh, was completed in 1793. Loi. 5 52 W, lat. 54 46 N. Belgarden, a town in Prufllan Pornerama, 55 miles NE of Stt tin, Belgorod, a town of BelVarabi.', at the mouth of the Dnieller, 80 miles SE of Bender. Belgrade, a ftrong and famous town of Turkey in Europe, the capi. tal of Servia, and a Greek bjihop's fee. It is feated ar the confluence of the Danube with the Save. It wjs ti;ken by prince Eugene, in 1717; but, in 1739, was ceded to the Turks. It was again taken, in 1789, by mar. fh.il Laudolin, but rcftored in 175c. It is 265 mi es SE of Vienna, and 400 NW of Conftantinople. Lon. zi 2 E, lat 45 10 N. Belgrade, a town of Romania, in Eiirr pcan Turkey, on the ftralt ut' Confcantinople, 20 miles N of that city. Belcrado, a town of Italy, in Venetian Fiiuli, featcd near the Toja- mcnta, 10 miles from Udina. Bel LAC, a town of France, in the dcpartn^ent of Upper Vienne, f;ated on the Vinson, 20 miles N of Limo- ges. Belclare, a town of IrehnJ, in the county of Sligo, 2Z miles SWof| s:igo. BELLECARnE, a flrong place ct| France, in the d;;pa rtm^nt of the Eaft em Pyrenees, above the defile of Per- tuis, It is an important place, on ac- 1 count of its being a palVage to the Py- rcnecf. It was taken by the Spar.i.irdsj in I793> but ictakcn the next ywr,[ BEL BEN flnd mmcd I-.V tP- Fr-n-!. „«„ •'5 c. IM i^.-.i tbre. 'Lon. , " V E ,T'"' '""^^'^^J «ver It with . H r 3; N. - ^^ ^' '^f- 42 tornhigen ^ ** '^'^''S" ^^ take feard on the SaoiJ ^"""^ and L-„re, JurJ.inJ. i. ■' °^'^«^"/"nen and ?f ■ B^'^r.Kisr.i, an Iflaml of F , ""' '^'^'"^ '"il" in breadth * ^'"""^'^ '5 -';3 fro. th. cofftl/B^; r;!' "-^.d. ''-^'^^, arKl very prncipal plact ' Pal^™"; .1^= Poland, in' r/j R^^^f' » *«-" of ^'-, Witt a citadd."'" ; :,Xt' "^^-^''-g ^'' ^^ '""^ ^ r'Ci.atthemouthoftheftrVifh^^ V^' "^^^ ^^rtile in aW ^k ?; '"^ Nc^ Britain and the Nof7,tfTj i?' ^^ '^ ^7^1 Nfi « 'j?,,^^^"- land. The pafla^e be tw,!. »."'*' '^ '« fubjeft to the T . ""-^""* V'^^-5'5SN ^■'"- 55 this place. Lo„!X,Vr '?"" B^i-LESMic, a'town of France In R ^^ ^ -"--h^rpa&^^ ^J:^:t£^?^ 'J.', 14 miles NNWo. H. k "'*• ""P'o". ' "-"""nl. and Noni- >94 NNWof London! *""™'""'' „ ^t""*"'. » ■)!«« of „• , -b above the place J™"^-, ,",7 "■",«''«l to theEnglift i ""'I-"'"* , ?f B".r„e?e:~v:a;.rf" '"'-*"oV,;eSUt-7';'™' ■«eJ among the Alps, onZ ,1 °' r™'- """": «lcbra,ed"V^f, ?""= Gances. So.,!.., r,. "'^ '' ^"''^ on the- leloi peen ,«Kt.„.Ks;; te7ri,r;rr ,• ^"y other ;*;^*„T K;^-/"^" "» D •* ■'^^ "^' 2S 10 iV. iiiJ«iUiS:.-.-*ui>*-fe''> .:. J .-. ■ BEN BiNAVARRi> a town of Spain, In At ragon, 1 7 miles N of Lerida. Benavento, a town of Spain, In L?on, on the river £la, 23 miles S£ of Aftorga. Benbecula, an ifljnd of Scot- land, one of the Hebrides, between N and S Uift. S:e Bar a. Bevcoolen, a fort and town on the SW of the ifland of Sumatra, be- longing to the Englilh. The chief trade is in pepper. L'jn. 101 o £, lat. 3 49 S. Benpermassen, the capital of a kingdom of the fame name, in the ifland of Borneo, with a good harbour. hon. 113 40 £, lat. 2 40 S. Be N D E R , a town of Turkey in Eu - rope, in Bellarabia, on tlie river Dnief- ter, 100 miles NW of Belgorod. It is remarkable for the rcfidcnce of Charles XII of Sweden, after his de- /eat at Pultowa, It was taken by the Ku/Tians in 1789) but reftored in 3790. Lon. 29 o E, lat. 46 58 N. Benedetto, St. a town of Italy, in theMantuan, 3 5 miles SE of Mantua. Beneso^uf, atownof Egypt, re- markable for its hemp and flax ; fcated on the Nile, 50 miles S of Cairo. ^ Benevento, a large and r.ich city of Naples, in Principato Citeriorc, with an archbiflwp's fee. It has fufter- ed greatly by earthquakes, particularly In 1688, when the aichbifliop, after- ward pope Benedidt XIII, was dug out of the ruins alive. WJien he was advanced to the papal chair, he rebuilt this place. It is fubjcft to the pope, and feated near the confluence of the S.ibjro and Caloro, 35 miles NE of Naples. Benfeld, a town of France, in the department of the I/Ower Rhine. Jts fortifications were dcmoliflied in confequence of the treaty of Weftpha- )ia. It is featjd on the! I, 12 miles SW of Strafl:urg. Bengal, a country of Hindooftan Proper. Its extent from E to W is upward of 400 miles, and froni N to S above 300. It is bounded 011 the W by OrilTa and Bahar, on the N by Bootan, on the E by AfTam, Meckley, and Tipra, and on the S by the bay pf Bengal, The country conftfts of BEN one vaft plain, of the mofl- fertile foil, which in common with other parti of Hindooftan, annually renders two, and, in fomc parts, three crops. Its prin- cipal prudu£ts are fugjr, filk, fruit, pepper, opium, rice, faltpetre, lac, and civet. It is compared to Egypt for fertility ; the Ganges dividing here into feveral ftreams, and, like the Nile, annually overflowing the coun- try. It is fubjea to the tnglilh Eaft India Company. I's net annuil re- venue, incluJing that of Rihar, ij 1,290,0001. Calcutta is the capital, Benguela, a kingdom of Africa, biundcd on the N by Angola, on the S by Mataman, en the E by parts unknown, and by the Atlantic on th: W. Its coaft begins at Cape Ledo on the N, and extends to Cape Negro on the S, that is, from 9 20 to 16 30 S lat. The climate is very pernicious to Europeans. Bxngvela, the capital of the kingdom of the fame name, where the Portuguefe have a fort. It lies to the N of the bay of Benguela. Ljd. 12 30 £, lat. 10 30 S. Benin, a kingdom of Afiw, bounded on the W by Pahomy and the Atlantic J on the N by Biafaraj ontht E by parts unknown ; and on the S by Loango. It begins in i" S bt. .nnd ex- tends to about 9° N lat. The women ufe great art in drefling their hair, in a variety of forms. The people are Ikiiful in making various forts of dies, aud they manufadVure and export cot- ton cloths. They eat the fl./h of do^'! and cats in preference to that of a: y other animal. Though j.'alous of | each other, they are not fo of the Eu- ropeans, thinking itimpoffible that the j talte of the women can be fo depiaif: as to grant any liberties to a whits I man. Their religion is pa^anlfa, Their king is abfolute, undhis agreat| number of petty princes under him. Bexin, the capital of the kingdom I of the fame name, formerly a very I clofcly built and populous city. Tbej houfcs now ftand widely diftant frool each other ; all built with clay, im covered with reeds, ftraw, or leavei.1 The vj'omen Jccep the ftjrects cIcmJ UER BER srtUc foil, r parts of , two, and. Its prin- •»lk, fruit, )etie, 'a'^i I to Egypt viJJng here ,, like the the cuun- Lngiifti taft ar,nu">.l re- ,f R.*har, is the capiti\. ,m of Africa, igoU, on the c E by parts tlantic on the Cape Ledoon laps Negro on lo to 16 30 rcry pernicious ;apita\ of ths ; name, wheit fort. It lies to cnguela. Lon, S. om A principal part of the town is occupi- van, 10 miles W of the river Kur, ant ed by the royal palace, which is of vaft 62 S by E of Gangea. extent, but neither elegant nor commo- " '^" aious. Benin is fituate on the river Benin or^'Formofa. Lon, 5 4 E, lat. ^ 30 N. Bennevis, a mountain of Inver- nefslhire, near Fort Williain. It is efteemed the higheft in Britain, rifing more thin 4300 feet above the level Her SILLY, a city of Hindooftan Proper, capital of the country of the Rohillas, which was conquered by the. nabob cfOude in 1774. It lies be- tween Luclcnow and Delhi, 120 miles from each. L^n. 79 40 £> hi.. aS 30 N. Beri-Reois, a town of Dorfet- of the fes, its pointed fummit tapped fliire, with a market on Wcdnefday^ with fnow. 12 miles E by N of Dorchcfter, and Bjdnnington, in N America, 1 1 3 SW of London. the principal town of the ftate of Vcr- BcRr;, a ducSy of Wcftphara. It nnnt; but the aflemb'y commonly Is full of woods and mount^iins, and hulJ the fefllons at Windfor. It has belongs to the clcdor palatine. Duf- jijany elegant houfes, and is a flou- fcldorp is the capital. rlih:ng town. Near the centre of the Bergamo, a province of Italy, la town is Mount Antliony, which rifes the territory of Venice, bound.-d by very high in the form of a fugar-loaf. Brefcia^ the Valteline, and the Mi- It is 30 miles E by N of Albany, lanefe. Their language is the moft Lp;i. 73 10 W, lat. 43 o N. corrupt of any in Italy. Bensheim, a town of the palati- Bergamo, a large, populous, and nate of the Rliine, on a rivulet, 10 ancient town of Italy, capital of Ber- jniies NE of Worms, gamo, with a citadel, and a biihop't Bentheim, a town of Wcftphalla, fee. It is famous for its fewing fiik j- capita! of a county of the fame name, and its fair, on St. Bartholomew's day, feated on the Vecht, 32 miles N W of is reforted to by mochants from Italy, Munfter. Sicily, and Germany. It is 30 mUcs Bentivoglio, a town and caftle NE of Milan, of Italy, in the Bolognefe, 10 miles Ber gas, a town of Romania, with NE of Bologna. a Greek archbiiihop's fee, on the river Ber AR, a foubah of the Deccan of LariHa, 40 miles SE of Adria^0l1le. Hindooftan, bounded by Malwa and Bergen, an ancient feaport of Nor- Aibhabad on the N, Orifla on the E, way, with a caftle, and a bifljop's f«, Golconda on the S, and Candeifh and They carry on a great trade in , fkins, Dowlatabid on the W. The princi- fir-wood, and dried fifli. It I; 359 pal part of it is fubjeft to a rajah ; the miles N by W of Cipcnhagcn. Lon, other to the nizam of the Deccan. 5 45 E, lat. 60 11 N. The rajah's country extends 550 miles BhSGEN, a town cfSwedifli Po- from E to W, and in fome places aoo merania, capital of the i' of Rugon, from N to S. Its capital is Nngpour. 12 miles NE of Straifund. Lon. ij Beraum, a townof Bchcmia, capi- 40 E, Int. 54 23 N. tal ot a circle of the fame nam?, 11 Eercen-op-Zoom, a nc it town miles W of Prague. of Dacch Brabant, in the mucjtiifjte Berbice, a river of S Ameri* i. [in Guiana, which falls into th.^ At- of the f ime name. ftron;] 'ft p'aces in It the 5 one of the Netherlands. auulouscity. Videlydiftaatfrom lilt with clay. 8"dl ftraw, or leav^jl the ftjccts m hntic, between Demerary and Suri- Ic lias Itccn often bcfiegcd to no pur- [narr. pof - j but was taken by the French, in BERCHTOLSGABr.N', 3 tovvn of 1747, by treachery. It \i f.-au-d on iGcrmany in tht; archbifhopricof Sjlrz- the river Zoom, which conmunira'cs Ibfg, which fervfs all the n-ighbonr- with the Schcld by a canal, 15 miles N of Antwerp. Lon. 4 25 £, !.>t» 51 27 N. Berg AR AC, a populous trading D a Ihwlwith filt; fixated on the ru-jr Aa, [10 miles SW of Saltzbu-.g. Eerdoa, a town of I'crfia in ErI- BER B ER itown of Fiancf?, in the department of Dordojjnc, featcd on the river Dor- dv'^ne, ^o miles E of Bourdeaux. BisGi'jEs, St. ViNox, afoviified town of France, in die dcpartn eiU of t.'i'! North, feated on. the river Colme, at the ho: of a n;Ountain> fiv£ miles S of Dunkiik. Berkelet, a corporate town of GlojcetJ-'jr/hire, with a maiket on Wcdnc'ciay- Here is a caftic on a ri- fifij; ground, comnianiliiig a delightful ^fiew of ihe country and the Sevi-rni "The room in whicii Edward II was murdered, is ftill to be fecn. It is feat- .€d on a brook that flows into the Se- vern, j8 miles SW of Gloucefter, and B13 NW of London. Berk HAMS TEO, a town of Herts, with a market on Monday. It was anciently a Roman town j and Roman roins have been often dug up here. Oa the N fide are the remains uf a caftle, tlie refidence of the kings of Mercia. In 697^ a parliament was held, and Tna's Jaws were pubtifhed here, and heie William the Conqueror /"wore to his nobility to maintain the Jaw. made hy his predeceflbrs, Henry jfj kept his couit in this town, ana granted to i: many privileges; and Barnes X, whofe children were niirfed ere, made it a corporation , but this government was dropped in the civil •wars. Here are two holjitals and a free- Ichool. It ib z6 miles NW of London. Beri £, or IjErkshik^, a cunty nf Engl ind, bounded on the E by 5iury, Cii the S by Hants, on the W hy Wilts, arid on the N by Oxford- Ihire and Bucks, from both which it is divided by the Thames. Fiom E to W it extends above 50 miles, and from N to S it is 25 rail-s in the widcft, though not more than fix in the nar- jrowtft pjrt. Jt lies in th" dioccfe of Saliibury; contains 2,0 hundirds, 1,2 market towns, and 140 parities j ind fends nine members to pailiamcnt. Reading is the capital. Fehks, a county cf Pennfylvani;^ 67 miles long and 29 broad. The in- ♦jjbitant;;, in 179O, were 30,177. Heading is the capital. £f.ji4,f Nj » large and hiindfor city ofGerminy, capital of the decorate of Brandenburg, wlieie ihf ki;ig of Pruilia leii.ies. The pdlai.e io nmgni- ficent, and there is a fine library, a ricii cabinet of curiolitici anu innia:!), a'' academy r-f fcicnces, j:; obleiva- tory, and a fuperb arfenal. Ihere is a canal cut from the river S|.tee to the Oder on the E? and annthi.;r thence to the Elbe on the W. It has a C/mmu- nication by .water, both with the Biii- t'c and the German Ocean j and is featcd on the Spree, 42 niileb NW of Francfort on the Oder, and 300 N by W of Vienna. Lon. 1.3*26 E, Jat, 52 32 N. Bermuda, Somer's, or Sum. MER Islands, a ciulter of fmall if. lands, nearly in the form of a ihep- herd's crook, and furrounded by rcckSf which render them alii.oft inaccliible to ftrangevs. They lie in th' Atl.intic, 500 miles E of Carelina, and aic in- habited by the Engiiih. They were difcovered by Juan Bermudez, a Spa- niard j but jk t inhabited till i6cg, when fir George Somers was cait away upon them, and they have belonged to Britain ever fince. The town of St. George, on St. George's Jfland, is the capital. The perpetual mildnefs of the climate caufed them to be called, by an apt allufion. Summer, as welhj Somers' Iflands. Lon. 63 28 W, lat. 32 y,$ N. Bern, the capital of the canton ci Bern, in Swiflerland. it is a ftroiij} place, in a pcninfula, formed by the Aar. Ciinniiuls, with iron collars round their necks, arc employed in re- moving rull.'ilh from the (trcets. The public buildings are maj^nificent. Bern is 70 mi'et NE of Geneva. Lon. 7 10 E, lat. 46 52 N. Bep.n, the largell of the 13 cm- tons of .SwilVcrland, 150 miii.s in length, and 7.5 in breadth. Itisdi- vidcd into two pr'ncipal parts, ca!W the German and Roman. This laft is molt commonly c Jled the Pays de Vaud. The religion is Calvinlfm, and j Bejn the capital. Bern, a town of Bohemia, ij| miles W of Prague. Bek .N A.» 1), a town of Germany, ia I e elcftorate if ki:^g of e 'u myiini- - l,br.'.vy, a J,; obleiva- . "ihere is Sj.tee to ihe ,L;r thence to as a C' mmu- vith the lial- ;ean; irA is W\\e^ NW of nd 3C0 N by j'ab E, lac. 's, or Sum* ei- of fmaU if- rm of a ^^P- udedby rcckSf oft inaccMiible n th< Atl.mtic, a, and aic in- 1. They were mudcz, J Spa- ited till Jocg, rs was call awa/ lave belonged '.o he town of St. 'sJdand, is the [iial miWnefs of •m to be called, \mmer, as welUs „ 632SW, Ut. lof the canton d it is a ftrong formed by the lith iron colhts emvl'jys'l in re* theftrcets. The la^nificent. Bern Icueva. Lon. 7 of the 13 can. J 50 mii^s in ircar- kct on Satutday* It is a town and 'B£S' county of itfelf, and was once a {trcff fortrefs, of great importance whel' England and Scotland were hoftil© nat ons. It is dill fortified, and has' good barracks for the garnfon. Its ancier.t cadle is novv in ruins. It is large and |)Opulous5 and haS a good* trade in corn and falmon. It is feat- ed on the Tweed, over which is a handfome bridge of 1 5 arches. It fends two members to parliament, and" is 147 miles N of York, 52 SE of Edinburgh, and 336N by W of Lon- don. Lon. I 46 W, lat, 55 45 N. Berwick-North, a borough of Kaddingtonfhire, on the frith of Forth, 3 c miles NW of Berwick- upoa Tweed, Berwicksmihe, a county of Scot- land, fometimes called rifAferi {bound- ed on the E by the German Oceany- on the SE by the Tweed,- cKri the S by RoxburghibirCjOnthcWbyEdinburgh- Ihire, and- on the NW by Hadding- ton flijre . • The S part is a-fertile trait j' and being a low country, is fometimes called the How (that is Hollow) of tkr Men, The SE angle is occupied by Bctwick Bounds \ a dil^ridl eight miler in ccmpafs, governed by Englifh hvity and accounted part of au Bingliih-coun'- ty. Berwyn Hills, lofty hills at tlie' N E angle of Merionethihire. Besakcon, an ancient, largr, and populous city of France, in the depart- ment of Doubs» It has a citadel, ort a high rock, the bafe of which touches' both fides of the Doubs, Mfhich here forms a peninfula. The triumphal arth of Aurelian, and other Roman antiquities, are ftill to be feen. Be- fan^on is an archie plfcopal fee, 52 miles E of Dijon, and 208 SE of Paris. Lon, 6 2 B, lat, 47 13 N. Bessarabia, a territory of Tur- key in Europe, between the Danube and the Dnicfter, along the banks of which laft river the Tat tar inhabitants rove from place to place, Tlv;ir ctm- mon food is the llefla of oxen and hor- fes, cheefe, and marcs milk. BeiJ- dcr is the capital. Bestricia, a vania, icmaikable t»3 town of Tranf^l* for tlie gold mines - BET BEW near it, 85 miles NW of Herman- Itaik. BiTANzos, a town of Spain, in Galicia, feate4 !S(,:a/„>)ji BIM BIR mttt on the E, and Pei/hore on the S. Its difnenfions are not more than 50 mites by 20. It k fuJl of mountains and wijds, inhabited by a lavage and turbulent race. B11.BOA, a large and r'lc}) city of Spainj capital of fiifcay, with a good harbour. Its exports are wool, fword- blades, and other manufaftures in iron ind fteel. it is feated at the mouth of the river Ibaicahal, which a little bclftvv falls into tlie bay of Bifcay, '^o milfs W of St. Sebaftian, and 180 N of Madrid. BiLoirsTON) a town in Suffolk, with a market on WedneCiay, feated on the river Breton. It was formerly noted for Sufiblk blueSy and blanketii, fcut now aimoft- the only bufinefs of the town is fpitining of yam. It is u, miles SE of Bury, and 63,NEuf Lon- «lun. BiLKDULGXRiD,. a country of Barbary, bounded on the N by Tunis, oil the E by Tripoli, on the S by Cuergula, and on the W byTuggurt. It lies between 5 aud 1 1° £ Ion., and ,a8 and 32° N lat. The air is very Hot ; bur though the (bil is dry,, it yields a great deal of barley. fiijLEVELT, a town of Weftphalia, in the county of RavenA)urg, feven miles SE of Ravenfturg, FiLLERiCA.Y, a town in EfTcx, yvith a market on Tuefday, feated on a hill, which commands a beautiful profpeft, over a rich: vaUey, to the Thames. It is a hamlet to Great Bur- ftead, and is nine miles S by W of Chelmsford, and aj E of London. BiLEO.v, a town of France, in the department of Puy-de-Dome, feated on an eminence, 1.5 miles S£ of Cler- monr. BiLMA, a vaP^ 'lO'ning dcfert of Afric;i, to the SE of i ■:?.?, t ' t) tweRn a I and 25^ N lat. BiLsDEN, a town in Lej«.cfteriCHKSTX&, a village on tk; river Were., near Durham. By feve- ral infcriptions and monuments, it ap- pears to have been the Roman Vino vium ; many Roman coins are dug up here, vtthich are called Bincheitv Pennies ; and two akais have been difcovered, importing, that the 20th legion was ftationed in this place. BiNCAZA, a feaport ;.f Afxha, in the kingdom of Tripoli. L ,u 15 '<> £, lat. 3a 20 N. BlNFIELD> a vil; V '. of BCjii'^iif, in Windfor Forefl, three miles Ci '^j I" of Okingham. This village was the fcene of Pope's youthful days, ar.d here he wrote hie Windfor Forefi. fiiNGZN, an ancient town of Ger- many, in the archbifhopric of Menta. It was taken hy the French in 1794, and is feated at the confluence of the Nave and Rhine, 15 miles W of Mentz. Bingham, a town of Nottingham- fhire, with a fmall market on Thuif- day, eight miles E of Nottingham. BiNfiLEY, a town in the W ridipg of Yoikfhirf, feated on the Aiic, ^j miles W by S of "'"ork, and 20i NNW of f.ondoii. F' fORNF. BURG, a town of Swcik'ii, in N Finlai\l, near the muuth of the Kune, in the gulf of Bothnia, ■;5 miles N of Abo. BiK, or Beeb, a town of Tud'y in »S"" was the , ar.d jrelt. of Ger. Mental in 1 794* ce of the es W '^i itiingbam- on Thuvf- gh'.UTI. W ridirg Aiie, ',0 oiNNW pf Swc'leii. )Uth of the pthnia, '"S cf Tutlicy In Afia, in Diaibeck, with a caflle, where the governor rcfides. It ftands on th'*'•■■■;., BLA Shropfhire, with a market on Friday. It is fented near the river Clun, and i's market is much frequented by iheV/e.'lh. It is eight miles E of iViOntgomery, and 152 NW of Lon- don. Bishop and his Ct.xrks, dan- gerous rocks on the coaft of Pembroke- Ihire, near St. David's. Lun. 5 20 W, Jat. 51 57 N. Bishops - Stortford, See Stortford. BisicNANo, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citcriofe, with a fort, and a bifliop's fee, feated on a mountain jiear the river Boccona, 133 miles SE of Naples. BisLXY, a village in Surry, noted ■for a fpring called St. John Baptift's Well, the water of v.hich is faid to be colder than any other in fummer, and warmer in winter. It is three miles N of Woking. BisNAGUR, a town of the pe- rinlnla of Hindooftar, in Myfore, feared on the river Tungebadra, 140 miles E by SofGoa. Lon. 76 10 E, lat. 15 30 N. I'.iESAfio!;, a ciufter of iflands on the coafi. of Negroland, 200 miles SE of lilt vivr Gambia, in J lo N. lat. EisTRicz, a town of Tranfylvania, on the river Biftricz, 142 miles NEof CdIc fwar. Bitch E, a fortified town of France, in the department of Molclle. Near it is a caftie upon a reck, and it is feated at the fooL of a mountain, near the ri- ver Schw'.b, 30 miles N by W of Srafljurg, EiTE'.o a town of Naples, in Ter- ra di Bari, with a bifhop's fee. Lo: . 16 59 E, !';t. 41 18 N. BiTONTO, an epifcopal tcwn of Naples, in Terra di Bari, 117 miles E by N of Naples. Black BANK, a town of Ireland, Sn the cour.ty of Armagh, feven milts S of Armagh. Blackbvrn, a town in L.inca- jhi^^e, wilh a maiket on Monday. It has its name from the biook Black- water, wljich runs through if. It car- ries on a vaft trade in calicoes for printingi and is fe.^Ud jieai the Dcr- BLA went, 14 miles E vf Prefton, and 203 NNWofL-ndon. Black Forist, a foreft of Ger- many, in the SW part of the circle of Suabia. It is part of the ancient Her- cynian foreft. BLAcicHEATH,a Hcath, five miles SE of London, commanding beautiful profpefls, and fituate in the parllhes of Greenwich, Lewifliam, and Lee. On the Jlcirts of it, but in the panfh of Charlton, is Morden College, for de- cayed merchants. On this heath Wat Tyler muftered 100,000 rebels. Blackpool, a village near Pouf- ton, in Lancaihire, reforted to for fca- bathing. Black Sea, the ancient Euxlne, bounded on the N by Cithaiinenflaf, Taurita, and ths fea of A foph ; on the E by Mingrelia, Circaflia, and Geor- gia j on the S by Natolia; and on the W by Romania, Bulgaria, and Befl'a- rabia. ' Blackvvater, a river of Ire- land, running through the counties of Cork and Waterford into Youghall Bay. T i.ACKWATER, a rlvcf of Ellcx, which, flowing by Rocking, Ooggeihal, and Keivedoi), is joined by the Chcl- mer at Maiden, and enters the eftiury, to wliich it gives tlic name of Biaci;- water Buy. Bla 1. Athol, a village of Pcrtli- ihire, in an angle formed by the Tiit and Gairy. Clofe by ir is Blair Caftlc, a noble feat of the duke of Athol's; and in its vicinity are many fine vm- terfalls. Blair Athol is 28 miles NW of Perth. B L A I s c, I s , a late provl nee of Fi ancf , bounded on ihe N by B.-auce, on tlit E by Orleanois, on the S by Berry, and on the W by Touraine. It now fornw the department of Loir and Cher. | Blamont, a town of France, in the department of Meurthe, feated < n | the Yeaouzc, 12 miles S of Luncvilic. 1 Blanc, a town of France, in the department of Indre, with a calU', I feuted on the Creufe, 35 miles Eof| Poitiers. Blanca, an unlnhab'ted i/lard tol the N oi Margaretta; near J»ii\ BL£ BOB ■ Ger- rcle of It Hcr- re m'Us eautiful parishes id Lcc. panfh of' , for dc- :athWdl Is. ;ar PouU for fea- : Euxine, itiiienflif, ih 5 on the and Geor- and on the and Befi'^- er of Ire- le counties to Youshall er of 'EiVcx, 1, Coggefha!, y the Chel. the cftiiary, e of Black- [geofPcrth- by the Tiit [Blair Caftic, of Athol's; iny fii"-e v"- miles NW |cr ofFian«) .•auce, on t'uf by Berry, anii lit row fovmi Id Cher, of France, in (he, feated('n| lof Luncville. iance,intk /ith a calVio.J |35mil<-.6E°'! vtedifl^r.^"'! rirma. Lon. 64 30 W, lat. 11 50 N. Blanco, a cape of S America, in Patagonia. Lon. 64 42 W, lat. 47 »oS. Blanco, a cape of Peru, on the S Sea, 120 miles SW of Gu'iaquil. Lon. 83 o W, lat. 3 45 S. Blanco, a cape of Africa, on the Atlantic Ocean, 180 mi.'es N of the river Senegal. Lon. 17 10 W, lat. 20 55 N. BLANDFORD,atownof Dorfetfliire, ■with a market on Saturday. In 1731, almoft all the town was burnt down j but it was foon rebuilt. It has a ma- nufadory of Ihirt buttons, more of which are made here than in any other plice in England. It is feated on the Stour, 18 miles NE of Dorchefter, and 104 W by S of London. Blanks, a feaport of Catalonia, In Spain, near the river Tordera, 20 miles S of Gironna. Blankenberg, a town and fort oftheAuftrian Netherlands, fituate on the German Ocean, eight miles NE of Ollend. Blankenburg, a town of Weft- phalia, in the duchy of Burr;, la miles E of Bonn. I;i. ANKENC I'RG, a town ofGer- maiiy, in the cuclc of Lower Saxony, capitjl of a cour.ty of the f:ime name, ful'.jj£t to the duke of B: unfwick Wol- fenbattlc. It is 45 miks SE of Wol- fc^nbutt'c. Blaregnies. See Malpla- Q^U E T . B I. A u B T. I- R E N , a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtcmburg, 11 miles Wcf Ulm. B L A Y E , an ancient town of France, in the department of Girondc, with a cita.iel. Its tr.de confifts in the wines of the adjacent country. Its harbour ia much frequented, and the ihips which go to Bourdeaux are obliged to 1-Jiv\» tlv:ir guns liere. It is 17 milfs N of Bourdeaux. Lon. 035 W, lat. 45 7N. • B I. K c H T K r. I. Y , a boroujjii in Surry, vvidiotit a ma.ket. It is feated on a hill, which commands extt-nfive prof- ^■iib, and IS 20 tniicu S of LondC'jDii Blck^hcim, a village in Suabiag memorable for the viftory over the French, gained Augu/l 2, 1704, by the duke of Marlborough. It is feated on the Danube, three miles NE of Hochftet, and 27 KE of Ulm. Blcnhiim Castle, nearWood- ftock, in Oxfordfliire, a magnificent palace, built for the great duke of Marlborough, at the expence of the nation, in commemoration of his vic- tory at Blenheim. The family hold it by the tenure of delivering a French banner at Windfor, on each anniver- fary of this v ftory. Blockley, a village of Worccfter- fhire, though inclofed by Gloucefter- fliire, feven miles SE of Eve/ham. BLocKZYL,a feaport of the United Provinces, in Overyflel, with a fort} feated at the mouth of the Aa, on the Zuider Zee, eight miles NW of Steen- wick. Bl 1 s , an ancient commercial city of France, in the department of Loir and Cher, feated on the Loire, wilhacaftle, in which was born the good Lewis XII, and in which in 1 588, Henry III caufed the duke of Guifc, and his brotlier the cardi- nal, to be all'afliiiated. Here arc fome fine fountains, and a new bridge, one of the bcft in France. Blois is an epifcopal fee, aiid has del'ervcdly the reputation of being one cf thofe places, in which the French language is fpoken with the gicati'll purity ; but this mull be undcrfto'vd of perfons who have re- ceived a liberal education. It is 47 miles W of Tours, and 100 SW of Pat's. Lon. i 25 E, lat. 47 35 N. BLONEiz,atown of Poland, in Ma- fovia, 20 miles W of Warfaw. Blyth, a town of Nottingham- fhire, with a market on Thurfday. Here are fome remains of a caft-K> an>,l priory. It is 23 miles Ni!^W of New- ark, and 146 N by W from Lcn- don. B I. Y T II B R o u G H , a decayed to vva in Siilfolk, on theriverBlyth, 98 mik\<« NE of Ljnclon. Bobenhausen, a town of Wete- ravia, with a caftlc, feated on the rivtr Gerflirentz, three miles irom Franc- foit. D 6 BOG BOK BoBiOt an epifcop^l town of Icalyf in tiuc Milanefe, on the river Trebia, 25 noiies S£ of Pavia. BocA-T, a va!ley. of Syrian in Afiaf in which are the ruins of Balbec. It might he rendered one of the richeft and mu& beautiful fpots in S^ria, it bsing more fertile than the celebrated vale of Damafcus, and better watered than the rich plains of Rama and £f* diacion. Bocca-Chica, the entrance into the harbour of Carthagena, ia S Amc- lica; defended hy feveral fortS; '1 taken by the Britifh in 1741. BoccA del-Drago, a ftrait^be- tween the ifland of Trinidad and An- daluda in Terra Firma, in S America. BocHiTTA, a chain- of mountains, in the territory of Genoa, over which is the road from Lombardy to Genoa; and on the peak of the higheft moun- tain is a paf"-^ which will hardly admit three me:, .-, ^0 abreaft. This pafs is, properly, the Bochelta; for the defence of which there are three forts* It is the key of Genoa, and was taken in 1746 by the Auflrians. BttCKHOLT, a town of vVeftphalia, ii) til;; dioccfe of Munfter, ao miles E tf Cieves. Bock IN G, a town in EfTex, ad- joining to Braintree. Its church is a dcane.-y; and here is a great nianu- fdftory of bays. It is 41 miles NE of London. BoDAUN, a decayed borough of Cornwall, with a market on Saturday. Here the fummer affizes are held. It is 32 miles NE of Falmouth^ and 234 \V by S of London. BoDON, a fortified town of Bulgaria, with an archbifliop's fee 5 feated on the Danube, a.6 miles W of Viden. BoDRocH, a town of Hungary, on the Danube, 100 miles SE of Buda. BoEscKOT, a town of Auftrian Brabant, on the Nethe, 12 miles NE of Mechlin. Boo, a river of Poland, which runs through Podolia and Budziac Tartary, failing into the Black Sea, between Oczakow and the Dnieper. BocLio, a town of the connty of Nice, in Italy, 25 miles NW of Nice. Bo<5oTO, the capital of'Ncw- C'V- nada> in Terra Firma, in S Amend, near which arc gold mines. Lon. 7 3 53 W, iat. 4 o N. BoHZMiA, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the N by Mifnia and Lu- fatia, on the £ by Silefia and Moravia, on the S by Auftria, aad on th« W by Bavaria. It is 200 miles in length, and 150 in breadth, and is fertile in corn, iaft'ron, hops, and pafture. In ihe mountains are mines of gold and filver, and, in fome places, fine dia* monds, granates, copper, . and lead. The Roman catholic religion is the principal ; but there are many protc- ftants. The chief rivers are the Mul- daw, Elbe, and Oder. Their language ia Sclavonian, with a mixture of Ger- man.. It is fubjeft to the houfe of Auftria, and the capital is Prague. BoKOL, one of the Philippine Iflands, to the N of Mindanao. Lon« 122 5 E, Iat. 10 o N. BojADoR, a cape of Afiica, in Negroland, difcovered by the Portu.. guefe in 1412, and doubled by thuna in 1433. Lon. 14 27 W, Iat. 26 liN.. BoiANo, an epifcopal town of Naples, in Molife,.at the foot of the Appennincs, near the liver Tilerno, .'5 miles N of Naples. Boi T M T z , a town of Upper Hun- gaiy, in, the county of Zoll, remark- able for its baths,, and the quantity of faflVon about it. Lon.. 19 1.0 £, Iat* 48 41 N. BoTs-LE-Duc, a large fortified tovi'n of Dutch Brabant, between the Doin.- mel and Aa. It is the capital of a dif- trift of the fame name, which contains alfo the cities of Helmont and Eynd- hoven, and 102 villages. It was taken by the Dutch in 1629, ""^ ^y ^^^''^ French, October 9, 1794. It is 22 miles E by N of Breda, and 41; SSE of Amfterdam. Long. 5 16 E, Iat. 51 40 N. Bokhara, a large and populous city of Ulbec Tavtary, cap'tal of Bok- liaria, 138 miles W by S of S.imnr- cand. Lon. 65 50 E, Iat. 39 15 N. BOKHAUIA, BoCH.VRIA, Or Bu- CHARiA, a diltrift of U/bec Tartary, which fee. Boll hara is the capital. BOLh BotABOLA, one of the Society IflandbV in the S Pacific Ocean, four leagues NW of Otaha. Lon. 151 jz W, lat. 16 3zS. BoLCHERESK, 3 towD of Kamt- fchacka, on the river Bolchcireka, 2* miles from its mouth, in tlie fea of Okotlk. Lon. 156 37 E, lat. 52 54 N. BotESLAPE, or BUNTZLAU,. 3 town of Silefia, on the Bobar, 1 7 nailes NE of Lignitz. BoLiNGBROKE, a town in Ltncoln- fliire, with a market on Tuefday, feated at the fource of a river, which falls into the Witham. It is 29 milos E of Lincoln, and 131 N hy E of London. BotiSL AW, a town.of Bohemia, 30 miles NE of Prague. BoLKWOiTz, a town (^Silefia, 12 miles S of Glogaw. Bologna, an ancient city of Italy, capital of the Bolognefe, with an arch- bifhup's fee, and a univeifity* There are a great number of palaces, particur- larly the PaLizo Publico,.in which the viceroy of the pope refides. The uni- verfity is one of the moft ancient and celebrated in Europe; and the academy for the arts and fcicnccs akxne is worthy the attention of a {lra4iger. The ana- tomical theatre, befide its mufeum, is adorned with ftatues of celebrated phy- ficians. The church of St. Petronius is the largeft in Bologna ; and on the p.u'ement of this, Caffini drew his me- iiL'"an line. There are 168 other churches. Though the nobility are not rich, many of their palaces are furnifhed in a magnificent tafte, and contain paintings of great value j the palaces having been built and orna- mented when the families of the pro- prietors were richer, and when the iineft works of arcliiteftuiC and paint- ing could be procured on eafier terms. The city contains 80,000 inhabitants. Thi y carry on a confiderable trade in filks and velvets, which are manufac- tured here in great perfedlion. The fuiTounding country pmduces innmenfe quantities of oil, wine, flax, and hcn-.p^, aii-i furr.ifties all Europe with fauf.'.gcs, micaroni, liq icurs, cilcnces, and even lipdogs. The river Rcjjio, wliich runs BOM near the city, turns 400 milk fcr titer filk-works ; and there is a canal hence to the Po. Bologna is feated at the foot of the Appennines, 22 miles SE of Modena, and 175 NW of Rome, Lon. II 21 £, lat. 44 29 N. BoLOGNESE, a province of Italy, in the territory of the chuich, bounded oa the N by the Ferrarefe, on the W by, Mi)dena, on the S by Tufcany, and oa the £ by Rbnnagna. Bologna is the capital, and from the great produce of the land is called Bolojiriathe Far.. Fo L s E N N a, a town of Italy, on the lake of. the fame name,, in the patri- mony of St. Peter, 45 miles N of Rome*. Bolswaert, a tovVh of the United Provinces, in Frie(land,-eii{ht miles N of Slooten.. BoL TON, atown of Lancafliire, with^ a marker on Monday, and has manu* fadlureiof fuftians and counterpanes.. Qgantitiesof dimities and muflins are alfo made here. It is ii miles NW of Manchefter,and 239 NNWof Lon* ' don. Bolzano, a large town of Ger* many, in the Tirol, on the river Ei- frtch, 27 miles N of Trent. Bcmal, a town of Auftrlan Lux- emburg, on the river Ourt, 20 miles S- of Liege. Bombay, an ifland of Hindooftan,. on the W coaft of the Dcccan, twenty miles in circumference. It came to the Eni;iilh by the maniige of Charles II with Catharine of Portugal. It con- tains a ftiong fortrels, a large city, dockyard, and marine arfenal. It ift one of tlie three prcfulencics of the FiUglifh Ea(l India Company, and is- 150 miles S of Surat. Lon. 72 38 E, lat. 18 56 N Bom EN E, a feaport of the Unite^ Provinces, in Zealand, on the N fhore of the ifland of Schowen. Lon. 4 o E, lat. 51 42 N. BoMMEL, a town of the United Provinces, in the ifle of Ovcrflacke, feven miles W of Williamftadt. BoMMEL, a town of Dutch Cucl- derland, in tiie ifland of Bommcl- Wacrt, feated on the Waal, four milcS NE of Nimejiuen. Eommel-Wacrt, aa ifland oi fiOO BOA Uutch Gue!dcrland, formed by the jundion of the Waal and the Maefe. It is 1 5 miles long and five broad. It was talcen by prince Mauiice in 16005 by the French in 16725 and by the French again in 1794. Bonaire, an ifland of S America, to the SE of Ciirajjo. It belongs to the Dutch. Lon. 68 18 W, lat. iz S6N. BoNAVENTUKA, a bay, Harbour, and fort of S America, in Popayan, go miles E of Call, Lon. 75 18 W, lat. 3 20 N. BoNAViSTA, one of the Cape de Verd iflands, Lon. 22 ^7 W, lat. j6 6N. BoNAVisTA, a cape on the E fide of the ifl*and of Newfoundland. Bonifacio, a populous feaport of Corfica, 37 miles S of Ajaccio. Loa. 9 20 E, lat. 41 25 N. Bonn, an ancient city of Germany, in the eleftorate of Cologne. It is the favourite refidence of the elcftor, whofe magnificent gardens are open to the public. It contains 12,000 inha- bitants, and has a flouiiiijing univer- fity. It was taken by the duke of Marlborough in 1703, and by tlie French in 1794. It is feated on the Rhine, 10 miles SE of Cologne. Bonna, a f2.'port of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers. lew is taken by Charles V in 1535. It is 200 miles £ of Algiers. Lon. 6 15 E, lat. 36 2 N. BoNNESTABLE, a town of Francc, in the department of Sartfe, 15 miles NE of Mans. BoNNEVAL, a town of France, in the department of Eure and Loire, feated on the Loire, eight miles N of Chateaudun. BoNNEVitLE, a town of Savoy, capital of i-aiicigny, on the river Arve, at the foot of a mountain, 20 miles S of Geneva. Lon. 6 10 W, lat. 46 32 N. See McLE. BooDGE-BooDGE, a town of Hln- do flan Prop-r, capital of the rajah of Cut.h, 330 miles NE of Surat. Lon. 68 o E, Tat; 23 16 N. Boor AN, a country NE of Hindoo- ftan I'ropcr, belwccn Bengal and Thi- bet, of which laft it is a feudatory. The fouthernmoft ridge of the Bootan mour). tains fifes near a mile and a half per. pcndicular above the plains of Bengal, in a horizontal diftance of only it miles ; and from thr fummit the aflo. niihed travcllc-r looks back on the plains, as on an extenfive ocean be- neath him. The capital isTaflaludon, BoPFiNCEN, a free imperial town of Suabia, on the river Eger, four milej E of Awlan. BopPART, a town of Germany, in thearchbiftopric of Treves, at the foot of a mountain, near the Rhine, eight miles S of Coblentz, BoECH, a town of the duchy of Magdeburgh, on the Elbe, 14 miles NE of Magdeburg. BoRCHLOEN, a town ofWeftpha- lia, in the biihoprlc of Liege, ic miles NW of Liege. Bore HAM, a village of Elfex, three miles NE of Chelmsford, Here is a venerable feat belonging to the family of Olmius, which was built by Henry Vlli, who gave it the name of Beau- lieu j notwithftanding which it has ever fince retained the original name of the manor NenvhoU. The greateft part of it vvjs pulled down by the firfl: lori Waltham, and what remains, th, ujli a very good family feat, is laid 10 l-e only one-eiglith of its original {\i;. The avenue to it from the great road, and its lofty and fpacious hall, are among the noblcft of the kind in Er.g. land. Bonno, a town of Sweden, on tlie gulf of Finland, 20 miles NE of Hci- lingfors. Lon. 25 40 E, lat 60 34. N. Bcrgoforte, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, 'ow the river Po, 10 miles S of Mantua. Borgo-San-Domino, an cp'fco- pal town of Italy, in the duchy of Par- ma, I - miles NW of Parma. Bo -go-di-San Sepulchro, an epifcopal town of Tulcany, 40 milts E of Florence. BcRGo-VAL-ni-TARo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Parma, 20 miles SV/ of Parma. Bokja, a town of Spain, in Ana* gon, 12 miles ;>£ of Taiazona* ;n, on tlie of Hcl^ lo 34 Ni lt.\ly, in river Pii, CHRO) an 40 milts a town of \, 20 miles in At> BOR BoRiut 1000 inhabitants, has a dePjIate appear- ance, and is 40 miles S£ of Coire. BoRNKO, an ifl '-id in the Indian Oce>n, formerly thought to be the largeftin the world, being 1800 miles in circumfcrencj. It wasdifcovered by the Portuguefe in 1521. The inland country is mountainous ; but towanl the fea low and marfliy. The famous or.'.ngoutang is a native of this ifland. It produces alfo pepper, diamonds, gold, pearls, fruits, and bees- wax, which laft is ufed inftcad of money. The people arc very fwarthy, and go almoft naked. There are Mahometans on the fea- coaft J but the rsit ar^ Gcntoos. In 1772, the Engliih obtained a grant from the Sooloos, of the north part of this ifland. The feacoad is ufually overflowed half the year, and when the waters go off, the earth is covered with mud; for which realon, fome of the houfcs are buiit on floats, and others on high pillars. The capital, of the fame name, large and populous, with a good harbour, is feated on the NW fide. This ifland lies E of Malacca and Sumatra. Lon. iii 27 £> lat. 4 SSN. BoRNHOLM, an ifland of the Bal- tic, 10 miles SE of Schonen in Sv/e- den. Lon. 14 56 £, lat. 54 55 N. BoRNou, an extenfive country in Africa, bounded on the NW by Fez- zan, on the N by the difert of Bilma, oil the SE by Caflina, and on the SW Ly Nubia. The climate is faid to be charaaeriaed by cxcpflive, though not ly uniform, heat. Two feafons, one BOR commencing foon after the middle of April, the othCT at the fame period iit O(flober, divide the year. The firft ij jntrodaced by violent winds, that bring with them, from the SE and S an in- tenfe heat, wit a deluge of fultry rain, and fuch cempcfts of thunder and light- ning as deftroy multitudes of the cat- tle, and many of the people. At the commencement of the fccond feaf )n, the ardent heat fubfidesj the air be- comes foft and mild, and the weather perfectly ferenc. The complexion of the natives is black j but they are not of the negro caft. More than thirty dift-l-reiit . languages are faid to be fpiken in Bornou and its dependencies. The reigning religion is the Mahome- tan; and the monarchy is cleflive. In their manners the people of Bornou are courteous and humane. They are paflionately fond of play ; the lower clafles of draughts; while the higher ranks ex .1 in chefs. The capital is of the fame name. Bornou, the capital of the empire of Bornou, fltuate on the banks of a fmall river. It confifts of a multitude of houfes, fo irrcgnbrly placed, chat the fpices betwe^-n them cannot be called ftreets. They have fchools, in which the kcran is taught, as in the princ pal towns of Barbaiy. Bornou is 65a miles SE of Mourzojk. Lon. 27 30 E, lat. 19 40 N'. Boroughbridge, a borough in the N riding of Yorkihire, with a mar- ket on Siturday; feated on the Ure, over whicli is a ftone 'jvidfe. Here Edward II, in 1322, defeated the reb^l earl of Lincafter. It s 17 mile NW of York, and 2 1 8 N by W of London. Borrowdale, ; drt-rry diftrid in the S part of Cumberland, abounding, beyond any other part of the world, with the finefl: fort of black-lead; the mines of which are only opened at intervals, and then carefully clofeil again, left this precious fubftince fliould become too common. Cop- per, lead, and calamine, areaifo found in this tradt. Borrovvstounnkss, nrBoNESs, a village of Linlithgowftiire, on the frith of Forth. It has nutncrous coaleties IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) ^^ oa tht.' river £lbe». Botr BovAi an cpifcopal tx>wn of ITa- pie;., in Calabria Ulteriure, zo miles SE of Reggio. BoucHAiN, a fortified town of Fiance, in the department of the North, divided into two [wrts by the Scheid. Ic was taken by the FreiKh in 1676, and by the allies in 1711 ; but retaken the year following. It is nine miles W of Valenciennes. BoucHART, a town of France, in the de^ artment of Indre and Loire, in an ifland of tlie river Vienne, 15 miles from Tours. BouDRY, a town of SwifTerland, in the county of Neuchatel, feated on a U\\, on a river, which divides it into two unequal parts, joined by a bridge. It is five miles SW of Neuchatel. Bouillon, a town cf France, in the duchy of the fame name, and tcir- litory of Luxemburg. This duchy is a fovereignty, independent of France ; aT3d,on March 12, 1792» the king of Great Britain granted to captain Philip d'Auvergne, of the royal navy, his li- cence to accept the fucceflion to the faid duchy, in cafe of the death of ths hereditary prince, only fon of the reign- ing duke, without iflue male, purfuant to a declaration of his ferene highnefs, dated Tune 25, 1791, * at the dcfire, and with the exprefs and formal con- fent of the nation.' Accordingly, cap- tain d'Auvergne has fince aflumed the title of prince of Bouillon. The town hns a c:i(lle, feated on an almoit inac- celfibic rock, near ihe river Semois, 12 ihILes NH of Sedan. Lon. 5 20 £, lat. 49 4 5 N. BoviGNEs, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in Namur, on the river Meufp, 10 miles S of Namur. Bo VI NO, an epifcopal town of Na- ples, in Capitinata, feated at the foot ot the Appennines, 15 miles NE of Bcncveiito. Boulogne, a large feaport of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais, lately an epifcnpal fee. It is divided into two towns, the Higher and the Liwer ; and is feated at the mouth uf the Lianne, 14 miles S of Calais. Bourbon, afcrtileifland of Africa, la ;Ue Ii\dtaii Oceanj^ 60 miles long. BOU ^ and 4:5 bread. They have not rfufe harbour in the ifland j but many good roads for /hipping. It produces ex« cc.lent tobacco. The French fettled here in 1672, and have fume confidcr- able towns in the ifland ; and here their £afl India Aips touch for refrefh* ments. It is 300 miles £ of Mada» gafcar. Lon. 55 30 £, lat. 20 51 N. Bourbon LANGi,atown of France^ in the department of Saone and Loire, remarkable for its caftle, its hot mine- ral waters, and a large marble pave* ment, called the Great Bath, which is a work of the Romans. It is 1$. miles SW of Autun. BauRBON l'Archambzav, • town of France, in the department of Allicr, near the river Allier. It is re- markable for its hot baths, and for gin- ing name to the family of the late un- fortunate king of France. It is 15 miles W of Moulins, and 362 S of Paris. BOURBONNK-LIS-BAINS, R tOWB of France, in the department of Upp^r Marc£, famous for its hot baths, it is 17 miles £ of Langres. BouRBoNNois, 2 late province of France, bounded on the N by Niver* nois and Berry, on the W by Berry and Marcbe, on the S by Auvergne^ and on the £ by Burgundy and Furex. It now forms the department of Allier* Bourbxaux, an ancient city af France, in the department cf Girondc. It is an archbi/hop's ice, and has a. unlveifity. It contains upward of ioo,coo inhabitants, and is one of the firft cities of France for magnitude^ riches, and beauty. I'he mod re- markable antiquities are the palace of Gaiienus, built like an amphitheatre* and feveral aquedu As. It has a confi- derablc trade ; and ihey (h'p every year 100,000 tons of wine and brandy. Here Edward the Black Prince relided feveral years, and here his fon, afterward. Richard II, was born. It is feated on the Garoune, 87 miles S of Rochelle,^ and 325 SWof Paris. Lon. o 34 W, lat. 44 so N. BouRDiNxs, a town of the Auf- trian Netherlands, in Nan>ur| i^vc miles ^W of (iu^* fioufcc, the capital of the irtand of Cayenne, in S America. BouRO, a town of France in the de- pmtnnent of Ain, feated on the river i^efloufle, ao miles SE of Macon, and 233 SE of Paris. BouRG, a town of France, in the department of Girondc, with a good ha'-bour on the Dordogne, near the point of land formed by the junftion of that river with the Garonne, which is called the Bec-d'Ambez, and is rtiought a dangerous paflage. It is 15 miles N of Bourdeaux. BouRCANFUF, a town of France, in tlie department of Creufp, feated on the river Taurion, 20 miles NE of Limoges, and 200 S of Paris. BouHGES, an ancient city of France, in the departnient of Cher, with an archicpifcopal fee and a univeifity. Although, in extent, one of the great- eft cities in France, the inhiibitants hardly amount to 25,000, and their trade is inconfiderable. It is feated •on rhe rivers Auron and Yevre, 25 n-iiles NW of Nevers, and 125 S of Paris. Lon. 2 28 E, lat. 47 5 N. BouROET, a town of Savjy, on a lake of the fame name, fix miles N of Chamberry. BouRG-tA-RiiNE, a town of France, ore leigue S of Paris. BouRMONT, a town of France, in the department of Upper Marne, 22 miles from Chaumont. Bourn, a town in Lincolnfhire, with a giwd market on Saturday, It is feated near a fpring, called Bourn Well-head, from which proceeds a river that runs through the town to Spalding. From Bourn is a navij;able «canal to Bodon. It is 35 miles S of Lincoln, and 97 N of London. BouRo, an idand in the Indian ■Ocean, between the Moluccas and Celebes, fubje^ft to the Dutch, who have a fortrefs here. It produces nut- megs and cloves, cocoa and banana tree*, and many vegetibles introduced *by the Dutch. Crocodiles, of an aftonifliing fiz', infeft the janlcs of the rivers, devouring fuch bealls as fall m their way j and men are only protedlcd fio:n their fury by carrying torches. Mi. Bouganville a/Terts, that thtfe crocodiles have even been known, in the night, to feize people in their boats. Bouro is somiles in circumfe, rence. Lon. 127 25 E, lat. 3 30 S. BCURT0N-0N-Tn£-HILI., 3. vil- lage of Glouccfterlhire, on the fide of a hill, with a fine piofpcft into Oxford- /hire. There arc two fprings in this parih, one of ivhich runs E, and emp. ties itfelf into the Thames, and the other W into the Severn. It is five miles from Stow, and 30 from Glou- cefter. BoURT6N-ON-THe- W.ATER, ] village one mile from the preceding place, watered by a river that rifcs near it, which li6re fpreads 30 feet wide, and over which is a ftone bridw. Adjoining to it is a quadrangular Ro. man camp, inclofing 60 acres, now divided into 20 fields, where com;, &c. are dug up. BoussAC, a town of France, in the department of Creufe, with a caftlc, on an almoft inacceffibk rock,- 25 miles NE of Gueret, BouTON, an iflan^ in the Indian Ocean, 1 2 miles SE of Celebes, ton, 123 30 E, lat. 5 o S. Bow, a pretty town in Devonfhirp, with a market on Thurfday; feateii at tlie fpring head of a river that falls into the Taw. It is 14 miles NW ot Exeter. Bow, or StR ATTORD LE BcW, i village of Middlefex, t;wo miles ENE ot' London. It has many mills, marw- fa(5tories, and dhlil.'erics, on the Le:, which here feparates Middlefex from EfTex. The church, formerly a cha- pel of cafe to Stepney, was made parQ. chial in 1740. BowNEss. SeeBuLNEss. B0X-H11.1., a hill near Darking, in Surry, celebrated for the fine bax trees planted on it, by the earl of Arundel, in the relgii of Charlc 11. BoxxEY, a village in Kent, near Mnidftone, famous for an abbey, the remains of which ftill exift. During his rcfidence in this abbey, Edward H granted the charter to the city of Lon. don, impowering them to cleft a mayor from tlxcir own bsdy. In this ; afiertS, tfiat been known, opie in their in clrcumfe. lar. 3 30 S. iiLi., a viU jn the fide of ; into OxFord- (rings in thij >£, and emp. nes, and the n. It is five from Glou- -WATIR, 1 the preceding rer that rifcs reads 30 feet a ftone bridge. idranguhr Ro- o acres, now where corns, ■ France, In the with a caftle, ibk rock,- 25 in the Indian Celebes, ton, in Devonfhire, urfday ; feated river that falb miles NW of ;D IE BcW, a [miles ENEflt' mills, manu- ,, on the Le3, [iddklex from )rmerly a cha- /as made parg' .NCSS. lear Darking, the fine box the earl of Charlc" II. In Kent, near Ian abbey, the Ixlft. During ly, Edward H city of Lon- to cleft a bdy, Inthi* BRA ahbey was the famous wooden figiire, called the Rood of Grace , the I'ps, eyes, and head of which moved on the approach of its votaries. It was broken to preces, at St. Paul's Croft, in I53?» ^y Hilfey, bifliop of Roche f- ter, who ftowed to the credulous peo- ple the fprings and wheels by which it had been moved. Box T E L , a town of Dutch Brabant, on the river Bommel, eight miles S of Bois-le-duc. BoxTHUDK, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Bremen, iz miles SW of Hamburg. Boyle, or Abbey Bovle, abo- rough of Ireland, in the county of Rofconnmon, remarkable for the. ruins of an abbey. It i? featcd near lake Key, 23 miles N of Rofcommon. BoYNE, a river of Ireland, rifing in Qj^een's- county, and running by Trim and Cavan, iftto the Irifli Chan- nel, below Drogheda. Here Jame» II was defeated by William Illi in l6.;;0. BoYOLO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, capital of a territory of the fome name, fubjeft to the houfe of Auftria. It is 15 miles SW of Mantar. BRAAtfu«» perb abbey. Bradfield, a' town of Efl'exj with a market on Thurfday, 47 mile» NE of London. BRAnroRD, a town in WUt»y with a market on Monday. It is the centre of the greateft fabric of fuper- fine cloths in England, which it fhares with Trowbridge, Melkfham, Carfliam, and Chippenham. It J« feated on the Avon, n miles W of Devizes, and 102 W of London. Bradford, a town in the W rJ- ding of Yorklhire,. with a market on Monday. It has a trade in Hial-loonsy everlaftings, &c. which are made iti the neighbourhood- It is featcd on a branch of the Aire, 36 miles SW of York, and 193 NNW of-London. . Bradnich, a town of DevonfWre, which once had a market, and fent two members to parliament. It is 1% miles N of Exeter. Bkae-Mar, a fertile vale of Aber- deenihire, furrounded by rugged preci- pices. The caftle of Brae- Mar, the family feat of the earls of Mar, now belongs to the earl of Fife. Here the earl of Mar began the rebellion in 1715. It is 27 miles NW of Aber- deen. Br AC A, a town of Portugal, capi» tal of Entre Minho-e-Doiiero, and feated on the Cavado, 180 miles N of Liibon. Br AG A Nz A, the capital of the duchy of Braganza, in FortiigMl, divU ded into two towns, tlie Old suid thf "■'ifitifHfh^n'tAii BRA HR A New, The Cd is featcd on an emi- nence, furr /unHed by double walls : the Ntw ft.mJs at the foot of a moun- tain, and is defended by a fort. It is featcd on the Sabjr, 32 miles NW of Wiianda. Lon, 6 30 W, lat. 42 2 N. Br Air A, a town of W^uftrian Hainauk, 13 miles SW of SruH'els. Braintrix, a town in Efltx, wi«ii a market on Wediicfday. It has a confiderable manufHtf^ory of bays, and adjoins to the large village of Bocking, which is noud for the iame. It is la miles N of Chelmsford, and 41 N£ of London^ BitAKEE, a town of Weftphaiia, in the bifliopric of Padevb.;in, featcd on the rivult:t Biught, 12 miles £ of Pad«rborn^ 6itAi.io, a- mountain of the A\p^y in the country of the Griions. It fe- para'es the valley of Munfter from the county of Bormio. Bk^MANT, atown of Savoy, on the river Arck, 35 miles NW of Tutin. Bramber, a borough of Su^Tex, without either market or fair. It is 47 miles S by W of London^ B»AMPTON, a town of Cumber- land, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on the river ItHiin, near the Pifts Wall, eight miles NE of Car, Jifle, and 311 NNW of London. Hramfton, a village in Hereford- iiiire, one mile S of Kofs.. Mcie are the fine ruins of a magnificent caltle.. Brancastek, a village of Nor- folk, to the E. of the promontory of St. Edmund's chap (.■!,. the ancient Branodunum, a confiderable Roman city, where coins have been frequently dug up. Branchon, atown of the Auftrian Neth' rlands, in Namur, eight miles N of Namur. Branoels, a town of Bohemia, •n the Elbe, ig miles NE of Prague. Brandeneurg, acountryof Ca*- many, bounded on the N by Pome- rania and Meck!enburg ; on the t by Poland ; on the S by Silefia, Lulatii, Upper Saxf^ny, and Magdeburg ; atui on the W by Lunenburg. It is oi. vided into five principal parts j the Old Marc.'ie, Prcgnitz, the Middie Maiche, Ucktr Marciie, and the New Marche. Berlin is the capital ; and the principal rivers ar? the Elbe, Ha. vei. Spree, Ucker, Oder, and Warte. The grcateft pait of the inhabitants are Lutherans j but the papiils are to< le rated. Brandenbvrg, a town of Gcr. many, divided into the Old and NVr Town, by the Havel, which feparatcs the fort from both. Great luimbeis (f French refugees having fettled here, introduced their mannfadluies, and rendered it a profpeious place. It ij 26 miles W of Berlin, Lon, 14 5 E*, lat. 5?. 4^ N. Brandon, a village of Suffolk, feated on the Little Oufe, over which is a bridge, and a ferry at a mile's dif. tance^ whence it is divided into Bran* don, and Brandon Ferry. It is i» miles N of Bury, and 78 NE of Lon- don. Brakska, a townof Tranfylvanla, on the river Meriih, 35. miles S of Weiflemburg, Brasil, a country of- S America,. which gives the title: of prince to the heir apparent of the crown of Portuga', It lies between the equinoAial line and the tropic of Capricorn. The aii, though within the torrid zone, is tem< perate and wholefome. The foil i> fertile, and more fugar comes thencr, than from all other parts of th ; world. It produces tobacco, Indian corn, fe* veral forts of fruits, and medicinal dn gs. The wood brought from Bra- zil, and hence fo railed, is of great ufe in dying red ; and within the country there is gold, and feveral forts of precio^is ftones. The cattle, car- ried over from Europe, increafe prodi- gioully. They have feveral animals not known in Europe ; among the reft a beautiful bird, called Colibti, whnft body is not much larger than that of i fliMDg town 01 BRA BRE May-l''J?' The Portuguefc chiefly inhabit th:! c.iafl ; for they have not penetrated far into the country. Bra- il, is divided into fiftem governments, which are governed by a viceroy, who rc'i'les at St. Sjlvadore, Brassa, one of the Shetland Hlands. Bawein this and the principal ifland, c,i led the Mainland, is the noted C.alTa Sound J whTe icoo fail may at oncf fi:i^) c.'mmodious mooring. Brassaw, or Cronstadt, a ftcong town of Tranfylvania, on the r'lVer Burczel, 5-0 miles E of Herman- Bratton-Castle, on a hill on the E (ale of Wcftbury, in Wilts, the jemalnsof a ftroiig fjitification, occupi- ed by the Danes. Braubach, a town of Weteravia, with a caftic, fcated on the Rhine, eight miles S of Coblentz. Br AUK AW, a town of Lower Bava- ria, on thi.' river Kun, 25 miles SW of Paflau. Braunsburg, a town of Poland, in New Priiflia, with a commodious harbour, fcattd near the Baltic, 50 jnili'S E of Dantzic. Braunkjeld, a town of Germany, in the coun'y of Soims, with a hand- fjme palace, a6 miles N by W of francfoit. Brava, an independent town of Afiica, on the coall of Ajan, with a gofid harbour, 80 miles SW of Magi- dcxo. Bravo, one of the C.ipe-de-Vcrd Jllands, icmJik'ble forexcelbnt wiiif, ind inhabited by the Portuguefc. Lon. J4 39 W, lat. J4 52 N. Bray, a feap rt of J-eland, in the county of Wicklow, fiatfrd on St. George's Channel, to milfs S of Dub- lin. Lon. 6 I W, lat. 53 *ii N. Bray., a. village of Bcrkfhirc, fa. inous in fong for its vicar, who, hav- ing been twice a papill, and twice a piotcdant, in four lucccfTive reigns, and thi'refore (.ax'd with being a turn- coat, faid, he always kept to his prin- ciple, * to live a.id die vicar of Bray.' Itii ftatcd on tne Thames, one mile I i of Maidenhead,. iHAzzAt a town and iHand on the coaft of Dulmatia, in the gulf of Venice, opp ofite Spnlatro, and fubjedt to Venice. Lon. 17 35 E, lat. 43 50 N. Breadalbane. See Albany. Brechin, a borough of Angus- fiiire, feated in a plain, on the river South E/k. Here is a manufaftory of linen and cotton, and a confiderable tjnnery. Brechin is 35 miles NE of Edinburgh. Brecknock, or Brecon, the capital of Brecknock/hire ; called by theWcl/hAber-Honddey, and feated at the confluence of theHinddeyand Uflc. It is an ancient place j contains tiiree churches, one of which is collegiate 4 and has a go id trade in clothing. The markets are on Wednefday and Friday. To the E of the town is a confiderable like, whence runs a rivulet into the Wye. It fends one member to parlia- ment, and is 34 miles NW of Monmouth, and 162 W by N of Lon- don. Lon. 3 2z W,lat. 51 54 N. Brecknockshire, a county of S Wales, 39 miles in length, and ay in breadth. It is full of mountains, fome of which are exceedingly high ; but there are alfoiertile plains and val- lics. It lies in the diocefe of St. David's, "has four mavket.town« and 61 parifhes. It is bounds ' on th« £ by the counties of Hereford and Mon- mouth, on the S by Glamorganfliire, on the W by Carmarthenihire and Cardiganlliire, and on the N by Rad- norfhire. Breda, a city of Dutch Brabant. The fortifications are strengthened by the waters and moralles near it. The property and government of it belong to the prince of Orange. In IS77» the Spaniih garrifon delivered this city tv) the Dutch } but it was recovered in 15S f. In 15 90, the Dutch retook it. In 1625, the Spaniards, after a me- morable fiegc of ten months, reduced itj but, in 1637, the prince of OraHge retook it. In 1:93, it wasturrendet- ed to the French, but retaken fooa after. It is feated on the river Merk, 60 miles S of Amftcrdam. Brfcentz, a town of Germany, capital of a county of the iunc oame. '•hhuftHV^n'fXH' BRE % the Tirol. It is feated on Ae lake of Conftance, feven miles NE of Ap- penzel. Br£Har, the moft mountainous of the Scilly Iflands, go miles W of the l.and's End. Lon 6 41, W, lat. 50 2 N. Brxle» aiJver of France, which ■divides the «lcpartment of Lower Seine from that of Somme, and watering Eu, enters the EnglUJa Channel. BRKMGARTEN,a town ofSwifTcr- land, in the free lower bailiwicks, watered by tlie Rcufs between the cantons of Z-uiic and Bern. The ia- habitaats rlc.il cbiefly in paper; and are Roman catholics. It is divided into the U[-pcr and Lower Town, has a kandfome bri.lge overtheReufs, and is 10 miles W of Zuric. Br'emen, the capital of a duchy of the fame name, with an archbifhop's fee, which is fecuJar-zed. The Weler divides it into the Old and New Town, It is 22 miles £ of Oldenburg. Lon. S 48 E, lat. 53 6 N. Bremen, a duchy of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, between the Wefer and the Elbe j the former of which feparates it from Oldenburg, and the other from Hoiftein. The air 5s cold ; but the country is fertile and populous. It formerly belonged to the Swedes, but was fold to the eleftor of Hanover in 1716. Bremenwoerj>, a town of Ger- many, in the duc?h,y cf Bremen, 27 miles N of Bremen. Brent, a town of Dcvonfliire, with a market on Satur<,1jy, 26 miles SW of 'Exeter, and aco W by S of IjorJon. Brent, a river of Somerfetfliire, which lifes in Selwood Foreft, and falls into Bridgewater Bay. Brent e, a river which rlfes in the bifliopric of Trent, and falls into the gulf oppofite Venice. -Brentford, a town in Middle- fex, with a maikct on Tuefday. It is feated on the Thames, into which flows a rivulet rilled the Brent. Here the freeholders of Mlddlefex choofe the knights cf the fhire. That part of it called Old Brentford, opfofjC« BRE Kew Green, h in the parifli of Grejt Ealing : that called New Brentford, in which ftand tlie church and mar- ket-place, is partly in the parifti of New Brentford, and partly in that of Hanwcll. It k feven miles W of London. Brentwood, a town in EfTex, with a market on Thurfday, 1 1 milej "WSW of Chelmsfonl, and'18 ENE of London. Brescia, a town of italy, with 1 citadel, and a bi/hop's fee. It is the capital of Brefciano, and is feated on the Ga.za, 95 miles W of Venice. Brescia NO, a province of I;aly, in the territory of Venice ; bounJed on the N by the country of the Grifons and tlic bilhopric of Trent j on the E by lake Carda, the Veroncfc, and the Mantuan j on the S by that duchy and the Crimonefe, and on the W by the Cremafco, the Bergamo, and the Valteline Bresello, a town of Italy in the Modenefe, on the Po, 27 miles NW of Modena. Breslaw, the capital of Silefia, with a bLOiop's fee, and a univerfity; feated at the conflux of the Oder and Ola. It was taken by the king of Piuilia in 1741, and retaken by tlie Aufl-rians in 1757; but the king re. gained it the fame year. It is 165 miles N of Vienna. Lon. 17 ZB, lat. 51 3 N. Br esse, a late province of France, bounded on the N by Burgundy and Franche Comte, on the E by Savoy, en the S by the Viennois, and on the W by the Lyonois. It now forms the department of Am. BREtsici, orBazESK, the capi. tal of Polt'fia, in Poland, feattd 01 the river Bog, 100 miles E of War. faw. It is a fortified town, and has j caftle built upon a rock. Here is 1 fynagogue, rcforted to by the Jews from all the countries in Europe. Lon 24 6 £, lat. 52 4 N. Bressuire, a town of France, In the department of the Two Sevres, 35 miles NW of Poitiers. Brest, a town of France, in the dcpartniciit cf Fioifterre, with a cilllc of r.rejt Srentford, and mar- parifh if in that of cs "W of in Eflexi , II miles SENEof ily, with I , It is the 1 is feated on Venice, e of I;aly, : ; bounvled ■ the Grifons ; on the E :fc, and the that duchy n the W by no, and the Italy in tlje 7 miles NW il of Silefia, |a univerfity; e Oder and le king of taken by tlic he king te- It is 165 17 8^E, ce of France, urgundy and E by Savoy, and on the low forms the K, the capl. d, feated on s E of War. vn, and has 1 Here is a by the jews in Euio[ie, of France, ia Two Sevres, s. 'ranee, in the BRI feated on a craggy lock. The quay is above a mile in length. The arfenal was built by Lewis XIV, and, as this is the beft port in France, it has every other accommodation for the navy. The Engiifh attempted in vain to take this place in i6v}4. It is 30 miles S£ of Moriaix, and 325 W of Paris. Lon. 4 30 W; iat. 48 22 N. Bretagne, or Brittany, alae province of France, 150 milts in length, and iiz in iiieadth. It is a penlnfula, united on the E to Anjou, Maine, Normandy, and Poitou. It now forms the departments of the North Coaft, Finlfteire, Ifle and Vi- laine. Lower Loire, and Morbihan. Brstevil, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine, feated i,a the iton, 1 5 miles SW of Evreux. Breton, Cape, a barren iiiand cf N America, between 45 and 47° N iat. It is feparated from Nova Scotia by a ilrait, called Canfo, and is 100 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It is covered with fnow in the winter, and is exccffively cold. There jcoaft. 1745. I74S with a c,\ftle IS an excellent filhery on this It was taken by the Englifli in and reftored to the French in It was again taken by the Engiifh in 1758. See Louisbourg. BREvoBDT,a town of Dutch Guel- derland, 24 miles SE of Zutphen. Brewers-Haven, a good harbour on the N of the illand of Chiloe, on the coaft of Chili, Lon- 74 o W, Iat. 41 30 S. Brewood, 9 town in Staf^'oidfhlre, with a market on Tucfday, 10 miles S by W of Stafford, and 130 NW of London. Brey, a town of Weftphalia, in the bifliopric of Liege, 14 miles N of ^laeftricht. Briancon, a townof France in the .department of Upper Alps, with a caiHc feated on a craggy rock. It has .a noble bridge over the Durance, iJ?o feet in height, and is 17 miles NW of Enabrun. Briare, a town of France, in the department of Loiret, feated on the Loire, and remarkable for a canal be- tween \hAt aver and the SeUie. h is BRI 35 miles SE of Orleans, and 88 9 of Pari 5. Bridgend, a town of Glamorgan- fhire, with a market on Saturday ; feated on the Ogmore, which divides it into two parts, joined by a ftono bridge. It is fev';n miles W by N of Cowbridge, and 178 W of London. Bridgetown, the capital of Bar- badoes, fituaie in the inmoft part of Carlifie Bay. It contains 1 500 houfes^ and would make a figure in any king- dom of Europe. Here is a freefchnoJ, an hol^iital, and a college j the latter titdtd puifuar.t to the will of colonel Codrington. Lon. 58 35 W, Iat. i J 5 N. Bripgenortii, a borough in Shropfhire, with a market on Satur« day J feated on the Severn, which di- vides it into two parts, joined by a ftone bridge, and called the Upper ani Lower Town. It has two churches* and had a caftlc, feated on a rock, but now in ruins. It is 20 miles W by N of Birmingham, and 139 NW of London. Bridgewater, a borough of Somerfetihiie, with two markets, or Thurfday and Saturday. It is feated on the Panet, over which is a ftone Widge, and near it fhips of 100 tons burden may ride. It carries on a con- fidcrable coafting trade, and trades with Ireland and Norway. The tide here ruflics in with great violence, and rifes to a vaft height. Bi iJge water i» eight miles S of ihe Briftol Channel, 31 SSW of Briitol, and 137 W by S of London. Bridling roN,oiBuR LING ton, a trading leaport in the E riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on Satur- day i feated on a creek near Flam- borough- head, 36 miles N of Hull, and io9. N of London. Br I DPc R T, aborough of Dorfetfhire, with a market on Saturday. It is feat- ed between two rivers, and had once a harbour, which it ^low choked up with fand. The market is remarkable for hemp ; and here are large manufac- tories of fai'.doth and nets. It is iz miles W of Dorchefter, an,d 1 3 5 S by W of Lonii3n4 Hi •■'.^,/,/l«f) BRl BRI ■^TF.n, a town of Sikfij, caplral ©f a territory of the fame namj, with a college, and an academy for the no- bility. It belongs to the king of Priiilia, and is feated on the Orier, 20 miles SE of Bixllaw. BrieL) a marftime town of the U- Tiited Provinces, capital of the ifland of Voorn. The Dutch took it from the Spaniards in 157a. It is f?ated at the mouth of the Maefe, 13 mites SW of Rotterdam. Brientz, alake of the canton of Bern, in Swiflerland, three leagues Jong and one broad. A very delicate kind of fiih is peculiar to this lake, and is falted and dried like r^d herrings, Tlie Aar runs through this lake, and tjnites it to that of Thun. Brieux, St. a town of France, in the department of Finifterre, with a bifliop's fee, and a good harbour. It is one mile and a half from the Tea, and 50 miles NW of Renr cs. Bricy, a town of France, in the department of Mofelle, near the river Manfe, 30 miles NE of St. Michel. ' BRIGG.SeeGLANDFORDBRlDGE. BrIOHTHECMSTONE, OrBRlGH- froN, a feaport of Suffex, with a mar- ket on Thurfday. It was a poor town, inhabited chiefly by fiihermcn, but having become a fjlhionuble place of refort for fea bathing, it has been inUrged by many handf.ime hnufes, with public rooms, 8cc. I'he Steine, a fine hwn, between the town and the fea, forms a favo^irite rtfuvt for tlie company. It is the ftation of the packetboits, to and from Dicj^ie, and is 56 miles S of London, and 74 NW of Dieppe. Lon. o 6 E, lat. 50 j2 V. Brigkolles, a town of France, in the depsutment of Var. It is fa- mous for prunes, ind is 325 miles SSE of Paris. Erihueca, a town of Spain, In New C.ftile, where general Stanhope ana the Englilh army wrre taken pri- foners in 1710. It is feated at the font of the mountain Tajur.a, 43 miles NE of Madrid. Brimpefiei. D, a vilb^e cf Gloti- ccftniliiic, on '.he livci' Stroud near the fowrce of tl^ Stour. It is fevei miies SE. ofGloucefter. Brinpici, an a:)c!ent feaport of N.ip'es, ill Otrant", w th an archbi. fliop's fe», and a forr. It is f?ated on the g«lf of Venice, 3a miles E of Tarento. Br. IK, a town of Moravia, where the allenibly of the itates meet. It is feated at the confluence of the Zwitra and Swart, 27 miles SW of Olmiiti. Brioude, "in the department of Upper Loire, in France, the name of two towns, a niile diftant from exh other ; one of wliich is called ()!d Brioude, and the other Church BiiouJe, on account of a famous chapter. Old Brimide is fcnti'd on the Allier, over Vvhich is a bridge of one arch, lyj feet in diameter. It is 16 miles S of llToire, and 125 S by E c 'aiis. Briqueras, a town of Piedmont, in the va'ley of Lucern, three mileg from the town of that name. Brisach, Old, a townof Suabia, once the capital of Brifgaw. It was taken by the French in j6^8 and in 1703 ; but was reftorcd each time to the Auftrlans. It is feated on the Rhine, over which is a bridge of boats, 25 miles S of Stralburg. Brisach, New, ahandfome town of Fiance, in the department of Up. per Rhine, built by the French, op. polite Old Biifach, and fortified by Vauban. It is about a mile from the Rliine, and ^3 S of Strafcurg. Erisgaw, a territory of Sujbia, fcpantted by the Rhine from Fr-ince. One part bel(^ng3 to the Ivufe of Auilria,^of which Friburg is the capi- tal ; the other to the honfe of Baden, BjiissAC, a town < f France in tlie department of Mmr.c and Loire, fear- ed on the Aubcncc, 13 ml!c3 S of Anc;e s. Bri'ST.ol, a city and feaport in Clouccitcrlhire and So:r.crfet/hire ; to which laft county it w.\s accounted cj belong, before it formed a feparJt? jurifdiftio'.!. In we.ilth, tradf, aid population, it has long bcc;n reckonci the fccond in this kingdom. It ii iVatfd at the confluence of the Avon wi'h the Fioii.c, 10 ir.iies Uom iIjj BRI BRO nme town it of Up- inch, op. :t'ificd by from the jS* ,. It' Suabia, Fiance. Ivufc of the capi- if Baden, i)ce in tlit lire, fea:- Ll'.CS S of te.iport in lOiire } to [:oiinted ;o fep-irJti IriK'.i't a*** teckoncl It is I the Avon luoin vbi pbct vhere the Avon enters the Se- vern. It has 1 8 churches, befide iis cathcdraJ j and that called St. Marjr Rad- cliff, is one of the fineft in the king- doml Here is a bridge over the Avon, and an exchange. Btiftdl has a prodi- gious trade; for it is reckoned that hence aooo fliips fail yearly. Here are noiefs than 1 5 glafshoufes } and the fujjar- refinery is one of its principal manufaftures. The Hot Welb^ are much reforted to ! they have obtained a high reputation in confunoptive cafes, and are a mile from the town, on the lideof the Avon. In St. Vincent's Rock, above this well, are found thofe native cryftals, fo well known under »he name of Briftol ftones. Here radges are ufed inftead of carts. Brif- tol has three markets, on Wcdiiefday, Friday, and Saturday, and fends two members to parliament. It is iz miles WNWofB.tb, and 124 W of Lon- don. Lon. a 36 W, lat.'^i 28 N. Bristol, a town of "J America, in the ftate of Rhode Idand, on the riain, 16 miles N of Newport. Bristol, a cape of Sandwich Land, ill the Southern Ocean. Lon. 26 51 W, lat. 59 a S. Bristol, the capital of the county cf Bucks, in*Pennfyl»ania, feated on ihe Delaware, 20 miles N of Phila- delphia. Britain, or Great Butain, the mod confiderable of all the Euro- pean iflands, extending from the Li- zard Point, in lat, 50°, to Duncib.iy [tieid, in lat. 58 30 N, or, taking it |in a ftraigb.t line from N to S, about jht degrees, or j 50 miles ; and, Vom over Head on the E, to the Land's iid on the W, it compreliends about ben degrees of lon. or about 290 ies, Its moft ancient name was \\>m, which gave way* to that of Uin, by which it was known to ilius Ci>far. The general divifion the iiland is Into England, Scotland, id Wales. Britain, New, a country in N meiica, comprehending all the trail of Canada, commonly called the [l^uimaux country, including Labra- iJ) N;w N, and New S Wales. It is fiibjeft to Gteat Britain; and lies between 50 and 70"^ N lat. and between 50 and ioo° W Ion. The principal fettleraents belonging to the Englifh Hudfon's Bay Company are Churchill, Nelfon, New Severn, and Albany, on the W fide of Hudfon's Bay. Britain, New, an ifland t9the N of N.'W Guinea. By whom it was difcovered, is uncertain. Dampicr fail- ed through the ftralt which feparates it from New Guinea ; and captain Car- teret, in 1767, failed through another ftrait, which divides it into two iflands^ the northernmoft of which he called New Ireland. New Britain lies in lon. 152 19 E, and lat. 4 o S. ^ }< Brittany. See Bretagne. Brivesla-Gaillarde, a.i an- cient town of France, in the depart- ment of Correze, feated near the con- fluence of the Correre and Vezerej in a delightful valley ; on which account it has received the appellation of La Gaiilarde. Since the year 1764, fe- vcral manufa£lories have been eftab' lilhed here ; fuch as filk handkerchiefs in the Engliffi fafhion, muflins, gau- zes, &c. It is 37 miles S ofLimo« ges, and 220 S by W of Paris. Brixen, a town of Germany, m the Tirol, capital of tlie bifliopric of Brixen, feated at the confluence of the RientE and Eyfoch,. 15 miles £ Wf Tirol. Brixen, a biJhopric of Germany, in the Tirol. It is extremely moun- tainous, but produces excellent wine* The bilhop is a prince of the empire^ Brizen, or Brietzen, a town of Germany, 'in tlie middle marche of Brandenburg, feated on the Adah, iz miles NE of Wittemberg. Broad Tennessee, a noble river of N America, which rifes in N Ca- roliiia, and croflfing the parallel of 35** Niat. into the ftate of Georgia, juft be- fore it paffcs through Cumberland ot Laurel Mountains, flows on to join the Ohio, before it reaches which, it is called the Cherokee P/ivcr. Brooera, a fortrcfs and towii of Hindooftan Proper, in Guzaaat^ through which runs the great road. i B R O /rom Surjt to Ougcin. It !s 95 miles S by W or' the former, and 195 NE of the latter. Brod, or Brodt, a ftrong place .of Hungary, on the river Save, famous ior a battle gained by the Turks in ]6SS. It is 2o miles S£ of Fofega. Brod Nemeki, or Teutch- Ur^d, a town of Uohenva, on the jivcr Sozawa, 20 miles S by £ uf tJzazlaw. Brodziec, a town of. Lithuania, on the river Berezina, i&o miles S of Polotfk. Broek, j» town of Weftphalia, In ,the duchy of Berg, the capital of a county of the fame name ; feated on the Roer, 11 miles N of DufTeldorp. Bkoek, in N Holland, fix miles from Amfterdam, one of the moft fingular and pidurefque villages in the world* The inhabitants, though pea- /ants only,.aie all rich. The ftreetsare paved in mofaic work, with variegated Sriclcs. The houfes are painted on the outfide, and look as frefli as if -quite new. Each has a garden and terrace, inclofc'd by a low railing, that permits jryery thing to be feen. Th« terrace is in the front of the houfe, and from this is a defcent into tlie garden, which /orms the feparation betweeh each houfe. The gardens are adorned with ,chinavafes, grottos of fhellwork, trees, ^nd flowers ; with borders compofed «f minute particles ofglafs, of diffe- rent colours, and difpoftrd into a v.iri- ety of forms. Behind the houfes and jgardens are meadows, full of cattle gra- zing. The onthoufes arelikewife be- Jiind ; fo that waggons, carts, and cat- tle, never enter thefe neat ftreets. Broken Bay, a bay of New 5 Wales, on the E coatt of New Hol- land. It is formed by the mouth of a ^reat river called the Hawkefbury, hon. 151 27 E, /at. 33 34 S. BromtLey, a town in ICent, with ,a market on Thurfday. Here is a .college for 30 poor clergymen's wi- dows, and near the town is the palace of the bifhops of Rochefter, where iberf. is a mineral fp.ing. Bromley is ip miles SSE of London. , jB^OML £ y, a town in Stafford flilre, ■''": • • ii. B R U with a market on Tuefday, feveii miles E of Stafford. Bromi.ev, a village near Stratford- Ic-Bow, in Middlefcx. It had once a monaftery, the church of which is ftii] ufcd by the inhabitants. Brompton, a village of Middle, fcx, iu the pari/h of Kcnfington. Here is the public botanical garden of Mr. Curtis. BftOMPTON, a Tillnge in Kent, fi. tuate on an afcent from Chatham, and containing the fine barracks of that garrifon, Bromsohove, a town of Worcf f. ter/hire, with a market on TuelJjy, It is feated on tht Saiwarp, and has 1 confiderable trade in doching. It ij 15 miles NE of Worcelier, and 11,5 NW. of London. Bromyard, a town of Hereford- fliire, with a market on Tuefdayj 18 miles W of Worcefter, and 12? WNW of London. ^ Brow NO, a town of Italy, in tlie Milanefc, 10 miles SE of Pavia. Broom, Loch, a great Like arj arm of the fea, in Rofofliire, on the W coaft of Scotland, noted for herrin^i of peculiar excellence, and eftoemedl one of the beft fifhing ftations on thsi coaft. ^ n Brora, a f^apor: on the E coadofl-t 2?-''''o? ? ^' Sutherlandlhire. Here is a coal mir.pM;,), •", '" ^ ^'^m^' the coal of which cannot b= exporteJ,"- '^'-'"ds. as it takes fire on being expofsd to the! air. Brora is 40 mi.>s N by E oil: veriiefs. Broka, a river of SatheilanJDiirf, iffu.'ng from a lake of the fun^ nm Above Brora, it forms fevcr'ai fine a cadssj and, below it, falls into t Britilh Ocean. Brouagc: a town of France, i the department of Lower Charei!!i Its falt-works are the iincft in Franc and the fait is called Bay-fair, beual it lies on a bay of the foa. It is miles S of Rochellc, and 170 5VV Paris. Brouershaven, a fenportoft United Provinces, in the iilnJ Schonen, nine miles SW of Hetv fluy?. Br u c A> a town of Sicily) on 'ju'^ of Catania; B-UCHSAt, I in tbe bi/hopri( the river Satz, , I Ijp/burg. B««/GE9, a 1 JAuftrian FJande [trading town in 1 16th century, th JtriJefirfttoAiitw Ifterdam. It, ther hovf in proportloi |/itii3tioii, how'ev( li^ime trade J for it Oilend, Sluya, Ni jres, and Dunkirk iften taken and ret h the French in . [miles E of Oftcnd. Bruog, or Br willerland, in Arj ar, 22 miles SE Brucge, or Br fGamwy, In the icHicjm, fix miles lat name. B'rucnito, an ply, in the territoi *e tnot of the Appe i£ of Genoa. a di BRU BRU feveii ratford- 1 once a h is ftVil Middle, ifing'on. garden of Kent, fi- Chatham, irucks of f Worcff- Tueiday. and Ins* ing. it 15 , and US f Hereford- n TucWay; ;r, and iij ;ta\y, in the { Pavia. eat l.»k.i rj ire, on the Y/ for herring md efteemfd lations on th« the E. colli of ,s a coal ni.r.P, . b= exportt'i 'expofedtoihe| byEoili lothevlandlhit' Ihe f.u«e narw pvcr'al fine "! I falls into tl [of France, « Incft in F""^ Iv-falt, becaal ind 170 S^'* fenpovt of t' the i^-""^ LV of Helv If Sicily jrilf of CaUnia } 1 5 miles S of Cata- B-ucHSAt, a town of Germany, in the bi/hopric of Spire; feated on the river Satz, five miics SE of Phi- Lplburg. Bruges, a large epifcopal city of Auftrian Flanders, once the greatcft trading town in Europe} but, in the i6tK century, the civiJ wars drove the tfjJe firft to Antwerp, and then to Am- fterdam. It, therefore, is not populous now in proportion to its extent. Its fitiutioii, however, ftill commands fame tiade ; for it has canals to Ghent, Ollefld, Sluys, Nieuport, Fumes, Y- sres, and Dunkirk. Bruges has been Wten taken and retaken, the laft time, by the French in 1794. It is eight liies E of Oftcnd. BRunc, or Broug, a town of Iwill'erland, in Argau, feated on the lar, 22 miles SE of Bafil. Brucge, or Bruggsn, a town )f Germany, in the bifhopric of Hil- Iclheim, fix miles from the city of "lat name. Br 00 NE TO, an epifcopal town of bly, in the tenitory of Genoa, at le toot of the Appennines, 35 miles IE of Genoa. Brunetto, a ftrong and import- it place in Piedmont, near Sufa, (hich it defends. Bhunseuttle, afeaport of Ger- lanyj in Holftein, at the mouth of the &, 13 miles NW of Giuckftadr. Brunswick, a country of Ger- iiny, in the circle of Lower Saxony, Hinded on the N by Lunenburg, on le W by the circle of WeH-pliaiia, 1 the S by Hefle, and 01 the E by ,nhalt, Halbcrftadt, and Magdeburg. is divided into four duchies and two unties. The duchies of r.afifwiclc Itop.'r, and Brunfvvick Woltenbult'e, ;h the cousiiies of Rhcindein and inkenburg, are fubjedt to the duke Brunfvvick Woifenbuttle ; while \: eleftor jf Hanover is duke of ranfwick Grubenhagan and Brunf- jckCaicnbirg, which alfo includes diftriil of Gottingen. The duice Brur.fwiclc Wolfcnbuttle, is JlyU-d ic a Brunfvvick and Lunenburg, as on we'l as the el i£lor of Hanover, they being both drfccnded from trneft duke of Lunenburg and Zeli, who died' ia 1546. '-'■'^i ,; BiiuKtwicic, a large cily of Ger- many, in the duchy of Brunfwick, / formerly Imperial and Hinfeatic. Ic is famous for the liquor called Mum, hence nanncd Brunfwick Mum. It is feated on the Ocker, .55 miles W of Magdeburg. Brun$v/:ck, a town of Gtrorgrai^ in N America, where the Turtle Rtver enters St. Simon's Sound, with a fata harbour, capable of containing^ nume^ rous fleet of men of war. Ic is 70 miles SW of Savannah.' Lon. 82 6 ' W, lat. 31 10 N. \s «-. BsuNswicx, a city of New Jer- fey, in N America, -fituate on the Raritan, 12 miles above -Perth Am- ' boy. Here is a flourilBing college^ called Queen's College* LlKC*. 75 • W, lat. 40 20 N. • i Brunswick, New, in N Amet-'^' rica, one of the two prorinces int» which Nova Scotia was divided in 1 784. It borders on the United Statesi Brussels, the capital of Brabant, and feat of the governor of the Auftri- an Low Countries. It has many mag- niAccnt fquares, public buiidings> aAi. walk:>, and many public fountains, from fomc of which the water flows in a very whimfical manner. . Here is n.i opera. houfe after the JtaliaDi manner, and a kind of nunnery, cailed; the Beguinage, which is like a little town, having fome fti-ects, and being fur- » rounded by a wall and a ditcli. The women educated here are allowed to leave it when they choofc to nun v. Bruflels is celebrated t\>t fiie Lcj, camlets, and tapeflry. It was bom- barded by maifhal Villerny in 1695, by which 4000 houfes were iie:^royo(J j ^ and has been more than once takr"!i i^ and retaken fince ^ the lail time by the French in 1794. It is fcatvi partly on an eminence, aiid^j^ar^'y on the rivulet Senne. It has a com.i.u- • nicationwith theSeliell by a fine can.>', and is 26 miles SEof G!ienr, jnd 148 N by E of Pai-isi Lm. 4 21 £, lit. 5° 51 ^^' a; .- .. -.^.i -™ ^ E 2 ■•■■'-^' ili 'IV I BUC BrvtoH) a town of Somerfetfliire, with a market on Saturday, feated on tlis river Brue. It has a freefchoi>l, and minufaflories of ferges and ftock- jogs. It is 12 miles S£ of Wells, and 109 W of London. BftOYiSKt, a town of France- in the department of the Vofges, as mites S by £ from Luneville. Bryansbkidcz, a town of Ire- land, in the county of Clare, feated •n.the Shannon, eight miies N ot Liiherick. BvA, an ifland of the gulf of Ve- tiice, 00 the coaft of Dalmatia, near the town of Traon, called lilcewife Partridge Ifland, becaufe frequented by thofe birds. BuARCot, a town of Portugal, in Beira, a? miles S of Aveiro. BvcHAK* a diftriA in the NE part «f Aberdeenihiie, from the fcA to the liver Ythan on the S. BucHANNEss, the moft eafte.-i:, promontory of Scotland, fituatcf in the diftrid of Buchan, in bu. i 26 W, lat. 57 28 N. Between this pro- montory and Peterhead is the place called the BullerSf or Boilers of Buchan 3 a large oval cavity, formed by the hand of nature, in the fteep rocks on the coaft, about 150 feet deep. Boats frequently faj into this awful pit, un- der a natural arch opening to the fea at the £ end. At a little diftance, is a ■vaft infulated rock, the middle of which, many feet above the level of the water, is a large triangular aper- ture, thr> ugh which the fea, when a- gitated, rufhes w'th a tremendous noife. BucHAw, a free imperial town of Suabia, on the river T-derfee, with a nunnery, whofe abbefs i;as a voice in the diet of the empire. It is 27 miles SW of Ulm. BvcHARSST, a large aid ftrong town of Walachia, where ihe JaTpodjr commonly re ides. It is 45 niii?s S£ of Tergovifto, BucHORN, a free imperial town of Suabia, on the lake of Conftance, 18 mileii E of Conftance. BucKENHAM, a town of Noifolk, wUh a market: oa Saluiday, iz miles EUE E by N of Thetford, and 97 NE of London. Buckingham, the chief town of Buckinghamshire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the Oiife, over which are three handfome ftone bridges. It fends two members to p\iV!ament, and is 57 miles NWof Lon. don» Lon. o 58 W, lat. 51 56 N. BUCKINCHAMSHIRS, OrBuCKj, a county of England, bounded 011 th; N by Northamptonlhire j on the E by Bedfordfliire, Heits, and Middlefcx; on the W by Oxforddiire j and on the S by Berks. It is 39 miles jrf length, and 18 in breadth^ containing eight hundreds, 185 pari/hcs, and ii market. towns. It lies in the diocefe of Lincoln, and fends 14 members to par- IWment. The air is healthy, and the foil rich. i'^ucKS, a county of Pennfylvania, 38 n.ilf s long and 1 5 broad. The in- habita.-its, in 1790, were 2-,^qi, Newtown is the capital. BuDA, the cupital of Lower Hun- gary, ficuate on the fide of a hill, on the Danube. It has been often taken and retaken by the Turks and Impt* riaiifts; the laft time by the latter in 1686. It is 105 miles SB of Vienna, and 560 NWof Conftartinople, Log. 18 22 E, lat. 47 25 N. BvoELicH, a town of German]r, in the archbi/aopric of Treves, on ' Traen, 10 miles E of Treves. BuooA, a ftrong epilcopal tflwn Ddlmatia, fubjedl to the Venetia:,, It was almoft ruined by an earthquaki in 1667, and is 30 miles SE of Rai gu(a. ' BiTRio, a town of Italy, in 1 Bjlognefe, whofe adjacent fields p duce large quantities of fine litmi It is eight miles E of Bologna. BunwEis, a town of Bohemia, t ken often in the war of 1741. I' 70 miles S of Prague. BuenAvre. See Bonaui BviNos Ayres, OrClVIDAP tA 'litiNiDAP, a confiiierable f( port of i..» Plarii, in S America, wi a bifliop's fee. It: is well fortifir and ii'ther is brought a grcit pJi' the treafuics and incrchandife of P I and ChJli, whic It is feated on from the ocean, is II miles in b W, lat. 34 35 , BfGiA, a pc tingdom of AJg the Major, on a ranean. In 167 deilroyed feveral under the walls oi miles £ of Algier Bt/IITK, n t Aire, feated on tl is a bridge jrit* has two markets Saturday J and is i nock, and 171 W B«"s. L«, a t the department of SWofGap. BvKAkr, « t( Dalmatia, with a h ofBikcfijta, neartl 10 miles N£ of Ve BuLAc, a town Nile, two miles W *«ing the feapori c thcN/idcofit is t Iwiks are cut ever *e waters of the N Grand Cairo. BifLAM, an iflam niouthoftheRiaG,- PwdJ and, as it : fettiement of free I fiwe, in J752, by , purcliafeditofthen, -, BuLGASM, a pre ;n Europe, boundec Walachia, on the £ ,"/«SbyRomi„h Iwd on the W bv Set ButNiss, a' vili ™) at the end of t r Solway Frith, w fxm nis Itinerary. BfNDELA, or Bl, hfryofHindoofta, W of the river Jur *""'. h » tribe of »nt'ins the celebrate. 'iPanna, ^7°Ar, a town. '"wlcet on Tliurfda' ^f>/f^n r NEof town of arket on ic Oufc, me ftoM tnbers to JVofLon- 1 56 N. r BvicKs, ed oil ths 1 the E by Vliddlefa; ; } and on q mites lit containing j \C3, and 11 tiediocefeof 1 ibetB to par- ley, andthtl 'ennfylvania, I d. The in- 1 ere a:>4oi" BUN and Chili, which are exported to Spain. li Is feated on the Plata, 50 miles from the ocean, though the river there is 21 miles in breadth. Lon> 58 31 W, lat. 34 35 S. BuGiA, a populous feaport of the Lower Hun- of a hill, on I often taltenl s and Impt* I the latter IB )E of Vienna,! inople, l*ii«l • of Gertnany,! Treves, oni Treves. Irccpal tfiwn( ic Venetia.!! I an earthquakJ lies S£ 01 Kal Italy, in 'l>| cent fieWspr lof fine )M fologna. Df Bohemia) tj af I74J' ^'1 BUR Waveney, which Is na^gable hence to Yarmouth. It ha: two churches } and the ruins of a famous nunnery* aftd of a caftle. In 1689, the town was almoft all deftroyed by fire. It is now, however, a good trading place ; Icingdom of Algiers, at the mouth of and the women are employed in knit« the Major, on a bay of the Mediter- ting wdrfted ftockings. It is 36 miles ranean. In 167 1, fir Edward Spragge N by E of Ipfwich, and 107 NEof deHroyed feveral Algerine men of war Lo idon. under the walls of the caftle. It is 75 BunGo, a kingdom of Japan, in miles £ of Algiers. the lO^ni of Ximo, whofe capital is BuitTK, s* town of Brecknock- Lunay. The king of this country {hire, feated on the Wye, over which was converted to Chriftianity, and fent is a bridge into Radnorfliire. It an embaffy to pope Gregory, in 168}* has two markets, on Monday and Buniva, a mountain of Greece* Saturday ; and is iz miles N of Breck- between J anna and Livadia, extending nock, and 171 W by N of London. to the gulf of Zeiton. The ancient Buis, Lc, a town of France, in name was GEta) and it is famous for the department of Drome, 40 miles the pafs of Thermopyls (fo called front SW of Gap. the hot baths in the neighbofurhood) BvKAki, a town of Hui^arian where Leonidas refifted the whok Per« Dalmatia, with a harbour, on the gulf fiun army. ofBikeriia, near the gulf of Venice, 6«»tiN«roftD» a town of Herts, 10 miles N£ of Veglia. with a market on Monday, feven miles But AC, a town of Egypt, on the S of Royfton, and 31 N by £ ofLon- I Nile, two miks W of Grand Cairo, don. keing the feapori. of that city. On Bvbagraq, a river of Barbary, in the N fide of it is the Califch, whofe the kingdom of Fez, which falls into btnb are cut every year, to con'" v the Atlantic, at Sallee. BONAIRI- orCiviDAP mfiuerable ii America, well tbitie a (jrcJt pail [handife of ^ the waters of the Nile, by a canal, t; I Grand Cairo. BuLAM, an ifland cf Africa, at the I mouth of the Ri.) daude. The foil is [good: and, as it is uninhabited, a Ifett'iement of free Blacks was formed Ihtre, in 179a. by the Englifli, who ipurchafed it of the neighbouring king. Bulgaria, a province of Turkey [in Europe, bounded on the N by IWalachia, on the £ by the Black Sea, I en the S by Romania and Macedonia, land on the W by Servia. BuLNESs, a vili.:.^e in Cumber- IW, at the end of the Pitfts Wall, on Ithc Solway Frith, whence Antoninus lltgan his Itinerary. BUNDCLA, or BuNDXtCUNO, a Itmitory of Hindooftan Proper, on the Wof the river Jumna. It is inha- Ibited by a tribe of Rajponts, and nntains the celebrated diamond mines f Panna. BuREtLA, or CiVITA BVREL- 1. A, a town of Naples, in Abruteo Cite- riore, 20 miles S of Lanciano. BuREN, & town of Dutch Guelder- land, which gives the title of count of Buren to the prin:e of Orange. It is zt miles W of NinKgue.i. Bu.E£N, a town ofWeftphalia, in the biHiopric of Paderborn, feated on the Alme, 10 miles S of Paderborn. BuRFOKD, a town uf OxfordHiire, with a market on Saturday. It is feat- ed on the river W.ndiufli, is noted for the making of faddles, and is 7 1 miles W of London. BvRG, a town of Lincolnfli're, with a m.vrket on Thurfday, 12 miles NNE of Boiton, and 133 N of London. Burg, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Zutphen, feated on the Old YiTtl, iS miles E of Nime- ^fuen. Burg AW, a town and caftle of Bungay, a town in Suftblk, with Suabia, capital of a margravate of the mailcet on Thurfdav, feated on the f ime name. It helongs to the houfe E3 BUR BUR «f Auftria, and is 26 miles Vr' of foreigners and' citizens. It is 1 7 mlUa Augfbui-g. •.■:Fi,.V -^'i: N of Philadelphia. BuRGDOiir, a iarge t wn of Swif- Burmah, a kingdom of Afia, to ferland, in the canton of Bern, with the E of the Ganges ; fometimcs,. but a caflle, eight miles NE of Berr, erroneoufly, called Ava, fiom the Burg-Clehe, a village of Hamp- name of its capital. It is bounded by fhire, lituate on the W of Ki.ig's Pegu on the S, and occupies both fides Glere, at the foot of a hill, which has of the river Ava, as far as the fron. a camp on the top, and an extenfive tiers of China. On the V/' it has prcfpedt. Aracan j and, on the E, Upper Siam. Burgh upon Sands, a village of It produces fome of the beft teek tim- Cumberland near Solway Frith, where berin India. Ships built of teek, up. Edward the Firft died in 1307. The ward of 40 years old, are no uncom. Ifot where he died is diftinguiihed by mon objcdls in the Indian feas, while a column 27 f-- .t high, ejtedled by the an European-built ihip is ruined lhci« duke of Norfolk in 1665. It is five in five years. miles NW of Carlifle, Burnham, a town of Norfolk, ' Burgos, a rich town of Spain, ca- With a market on Monday and Satur. pital of Old Caftilc, and an archbi- '^ay, feated near the German Ocean, Ihop's fee ; feated partly on a moun- -i-g miles NW of Norwich, and 126 tain, and partly on the river Araiizon, NE of London, 117 miles N of Madrid. Lon. 3 30 Burnham, a town of EfTex, at W, lat. 41 ao N. the mouth of tlit Crouch, whifh it . Burgundy, a late provinPf ur., ,) flouri/hing city fliire, on the frith ofFoith. It has tif Hindooftun> in the Deccaa, the an excellent harbcur, where /hips capifcil of CandeiTi, and; atone period, fometimes perform quarantine. Jtu tifthe Deccpn alfo, It [s 225 miles feated under a ftupendous rock, 10 E by N of Surat. Lon. 76 19 E, Jat. miles NW of Edinburgh. Lou. 3 c ai25N. W, lat. 568 N. BvRicK, a town of Germany, in Burrampooter, a river cf Afia, the duchv cf Cleves, feated on the Rhine, oppofitc Wtf?!, 17 miles SS of Cleves. BuBKHAUSEN, a town of Gcr- Diany, in Lr.wci' Bavirin, on the river Hiiki, «7 miles N by W of Snltzbuig. Burlington. See Briolinc- TON. Burljngton, a town of IJcw i'erfey, in N Aineiica, feated on the Iclawarc, which is heie a mile broad. It ii a free port ; and the mayor, recor- der, and aidcrnion, hold a Cf/mmcrci.il court, when the matter in controvcrfy iitctweeen foreigners acd foreigners, or which rifcs near the head of the Gan- ges, in the mountains of Thibet, Id'uing from oppofite lidesof the (airt lidge of mountains, thcfe rivers dircfl their courfe toward oppofite quaiters, till they are more than laco miles a. funder 5 ni^eting in one point, 40 mi es from the fea, after each has per- foi.ned a winding couric of nioie thf 2oco miles. Near its ii urc'.',thc fiur- lampootcr is nan.ni Sanp;-", or Zan- cin } tliat is, the River ; but, wlien it j enters All'am, it afluiucs the naraccf] Biirramproter. Buns A, one of the hrgcft cities of j bridge of freefto in length, fupf Burton is famou is J24 miles N^ Burton, a ( with a market o i hil), near the "; Uicoln. and 164 Burton, a t( ifith a market o N ft' Lancafler, liOndon* Bury, a town a market on Thu the L well, and [3 n.iiinufaflory, an< "led half thicks: iancholy accident ly the fall of th< uirie than 300 pe tlie ruins: fom, Cillers were kiJlci I'^ry is 36 miles I i'pmWcfLoi BurySt. Edj ^''m of Suffolk, V/eindd^y and Sa ("Ppofcd to be the '"'■ "''lith rea.'bn d-'nteel people. 1 'iiiey are rtilj {la churches, which JT 'fJtol in one churcl !**'""fmbers to pf '« iLime from St. f *'"• "MS huried heJ f'";tl,'uiidiiaii an( 17 milca Afia, to ncs,' but om the inded by •oth fides the fron. 7 it has ler SiaiTi. teek tim- teek, up. ) uncom- ;asj while iued then Norfolk, ind Satur- lan Ocean, , and 126 F Effex, at , which it it«i-. The leTS are the [ pits of this lies E by N LancaiVire, y, 35 luilrt ,8 NNWof gh of Fife- th. It has where fhips ntine. It u rock, 10 Lon. 3 J iver cf Afia, of the Can* of Thibet. s of the lamt livers dircft )fuc quaiters, jco milts i' \c point) 4" ach has r^r- of niO;e the" uvC'.-,thcBui. ipii", or Zan- but, Vil^i:" \ I the name of I ,argcftci«»°M I'urkey in Afia, capital of necfangil. \\ was the capital of the Ottoman em- jiire betbie the taking of Conftanr'-iio- ple. ic flands at the foot of Mount b ympus, from which fo many fprings Pioctod, that every Iwufe has its own i'ot!r.tjia» It contains 40,000 Turks. N);rj but mufrcimans art permitted to dwell iii the city} but the fubuibsy whioh are much finer, and better peo- picd, arc n.lcJ with Jews, Armenians, sflii Greeks. Burl'a is 99 miles S of Cor.ibndnople. Lon. 29 5 E, lat. UuRioN UPON Trknt, 3 towa of Stiflbrdfhire, with a market on ThurfJay. It had formerly a large abbry J and over the Trent is a famous bridge of freeftone, a quarter of a mile in length, fupported by 37 arches.^ Burton is famous^ for excellent ale. It ij ja4 miles NNW of London. BuKTON, a town of Lincolnfliire, with a market on Monday, fcated on a hill, near the Trent, 30 miles N of Lincoln; and 164 N by W of London. Burton, a town of Weftmorland, with a market on Tnefday, ii miks N ff Lancafter, and 247 NNW of tDiidon» Bury, a town of Lancafiiire, with 3 market on Thurfday. It ftands on the Iiwell, and h noted for its fuftian n.,anufadory, and the coarfe goods, ca led half thicks and kerfeys. A me- lancholy accident: happened in 1787, by the fall of the theatre, by which uicic than 300 perf^ns vTere buried in the ruins : fomc efcaped unhurt ; cihcrs were killed, or much bruifed. Ejiy is 36 miles SE of Lancaftcr, and ijoNNW of London, Bury St. Edmund's, a handfome tnwn of SufJblk, with a market on Wednefday and Saturday. The air is fuppofcd to be the bert in England ; lor whith rcafon it is frc 'icntv il by gi'titcel people. The noble , u!ns of its abbey arc rtill ftanding near I'.e two churches, which arc bjth laijic, and I fcated in one churchyard. Bui v u-nds 1 two members to pailiamnit. It took itsiumc from St. Edmund the king, Uhn was buried heic. Here is an an- IcicDt guildhall, a new fcilions houfe, a theatre, &c. The afljzes for tlie county are held here. It is 14 miles E of Newmarket, ai a 7Z NNE of London. BussARAH, or Bassora, a fea- port of Turkey '\\. Afia, in Irat Arabia,- 40 miles NW of the gulf of Perfia. If Itaiids on the Euphrates, a canal from which divides the city into two parts ; and over it is a bridge of boats. The circumference is very large ; but the trade here is not io confiderable as it was f jrmerly. It is 240 miles S by £ of Bagdad. Lon. 44 52 £y lat. 29; 26 N. BuTESHiRi, a county of Scotland^ confifting of the iflands of Bute, Ar- ran, and Inchmarnoc, which lie in the' frith of Clyde. This fliire fends a' member to parltament alternately with Caithnefsfhire. BvTRAGo, a town of Spain, it* New Caftile, feated on the river Lo- zoya, 30 miles N by E of Madrid. BvTRiNTO, a feaport and epifco- pai town of Turkey in Europe, in Al- bania, oiv the canal of Corfu, and atr the entrance of the gulf of Venice, 3» mil-'iS of Chimaera. BuTTERMERE Water, a laftc of Cumberland, eight miles SW of Kefwick. It is ••wo miles long, and near one broad. It is called the Up- per Lake ; and, near a mile from it, to the NE, is the Lower Lake, called alfo Cromack Water. The river Cocker flows through both thefe lakes irt Cocket^outh. Button's Bat, the N part of Hudfon's Bay, through which attempts have bfcn made to difcover a N W paf- fage to China. It is fo called from fir Thomas Button, who here loft his ihip, and came back in a floop built in tlu' country. It lies between 60 and bd" N lat. . BuTzAW, a town of Germany, tw the bi/liopiic of Schwerin, 17 mile* SWofRoftock. Buxton, in Derbyfliive, one of the wonders of the Peak, having nine- wi41s tliat rife near the fource of the Wyo. Their waters were noted in the time of the Romans, They are hot and fiilphurcoas, but palatable \ thcyv K4 ?>•«♦» 1IMW»'> CAB create an appetite, and open obftruc- tions ; and, if bathed in, give relief in fcorbutic rheumatifms, nervous cafes, &c. The building for the bath was ereded by George earl of Shrewfbury ; and here Mary queen of Scots was l^r fome time. The duke of Devon/hire has ereAed a beautiful building in the form of a crefcent, under which are piazzas and (hops. Much company refort to this place in the fummer. It is 33 miles NW of Derby, and j6o NNW of London. BuzBACH. a town of o'ermany, in Weteravia, and in the county of Solms, »9 miles N by £ of Francfort. Bychow, a town of Lithuania, on the Dnieper, 180 miles SW of Wil- »a. Byron's Jsiako, an iilandin the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by commo- ilore Byron m 17^5* The natives are tali, well-proportioned, and clean} their features good, and theit coun. tenance expreflive of a furprifing aiix- ture of jotrepidity aod cheerfuloeft* Ion. 173 46 £9 lat. X iS S. /|^AANA, a town of Egypt, on the Nile, where fome fine monuments, with hieroglyphical characters, have been found. It is 320 miles S of ,Cairo. Cabeca-di-Vidi, a to-*n of Por- tugal, in A'entejo, with a caftle, iz miles SW of Portalegre. Lon. 6 43 W, lat. 39 JO N. Cabenda, a feaport of Congo, in Africa, 100 miles S£ of Loango, fub- jedl to Portugal. Lon. iz 2 £, lat. 4 5S. CABES,3rGABKS,atownof Afiica, in tlie kingdom of Tunis, on a river near the gulf of the fame name. Lon. 10 55 E, lat. 33 40 N. Caisueria, an ifland in the Medi- terranean, feven miles S of Majorca, with a large harbour, defended by a caftle. Cabul, a province of Hindooilan, bounded on the W by Perlia, on the N by the fJinUoo-ko, on the £ by CAD Caihmere, and on the S by Candahar. It is fubjedl to the king of Candahar. Cabul, the capital of Cabul, and of the dominions of trie king of Can- dahar, feated near the foot of the Hin- doo -ko, and the fource of the Attock. It is confidered as the gate of India to. ward Tartary, as Candahar is with re, fpeft to Perfiaj and is 680 miles NW of Delhi. Lon. 68 58 E, lat. u 36 N. * Cacaca, a town of Africa, in Fez. The Moors retook it from the Spani- ards in 1534} and it has a fort upon a rock. Lon. » 55 W, lat. 35 zN. Caczkxs, a town of Spain, in Ef- tramadura, famous for its fine wool, and feated on the Sabrot, zz miles SE of Alcantara. Cacxrxs • DE- Camarinha, « town of Luconia, one of the Philip, pines, with a bifhop's Cst, Lon. 124 o £, lat. 14 35 N. Cachan, or Casham, a town of Perfia, in Ir« Agemi, where they carry on a confideiable trade in fijks| /ilver and gold brocades, and fine earth, en ware. There are many Chrifliant, and Guebret, or worfhippers of fire, in this place. It is 55 miles N by W of Ifpahan. Cachxo, the capital of a province of the fame name, in Tonquin, on the river Hoti, 80 miles from the gulf of Tonquin. It contains zo,ooo houfes, whofe walls are of mud } the roofs co- vered with thatch* The houfe of the Engliih faftory is the beft in the place. Lon. 105 31 £, lat. aa 10 N. Cach Eo, a town of Africa, in Negro, land, with three forts, feated on the ri- ver St. Domingo, and fubje£t to the Por- tuguefc. Lon. 14 55 E, lat i* oN. Cacongo, a fmali kingdom of Afri- ca, on the river Zaire, in lat, 5 S. Cacobl A, a town of Spain, in An- daiufia, on the rivulet Vega. It be- longs to the aichbifhop of Toledo, and is 15 miles £S£ of Ubeda. Cadenac, a town of France, In the department of Lot, feated on the river Lot, 47 miles ENE of Cahors. Cadenet, a town of France, in the department of the Mouths of tlie Rhone, 28 miles S£ of Avignon. France, m atcd on the )f Cahors. France, 'm (uths of the CAE Cadi t LAC, a town of Tnnctt in the department of Gironde, feated on th: Garonne, with a caftlcy 1 5 milea S£ of Bourdeaux. Cadiz, a large and rich city of Spain, in Anda'ufia, wllh a good har- bour. It is a bifiiop's fee, and feated t>i an ifland, 18 miles in length, and nine in breadth 5 bat the NW end, where the city Hands, is not two broad. It has a communication with the con- tinent, by a bridge. The bay formed by it i: 12 miles in length and fix in b::adih. The S fide is inacceffible by lea, becaufe it is edged with craggy rocks ; and two forts, th% Puntai and Matagorda, command the pafTage into the harbour. All the Spani/h fhips go hence to tlie Weft Indies, and return hither. It was plundered by the Eng- lilh in 1596} b'Jt being attempted again in 1702, they had not the like fuccefs. It contains 50,000 inhabi- j tints} and is 45 miles W of Gibral- tar. Lon. 6 II W, lat. 36 31 N. Cadori, the capital of the diftrift cf Cadorioo, in Italy j the birthplace j of Titian. It is 15 miles N ofBel- I luno. CADotiNO, a province of Italy, in I tlie territory of Venice ; bounded on the E by Friu.'i Proper, on the S and W by the Bellunefe, and on the N by IBfixen, Cads AND, an ifland on the N coaft |of Flanders, at the mouth of the Scheldy 1 which river it commands. Caen, a confidcrable city of France, 111 the dspartmont of Calvados, with a Iccleb afed univerfuy. The inhabitants lare computed at 40,000. The firft llloncof the noble barracks was laid in |i?86, by the unfortunate Lewis XVI, iTbe late abbey of St. Stephen was jfounded by William the Conqueror, Iwhowas buried \n it. . The river Orne Ijuns through the city, to which the jtHi! brings up large vefTels. Caen is 1^ miles W by S of Rouen, and 1*5 V of Paris. Lju. o I7 W) ImK 49 III N. CAERtioN,a town of Moumouth- Hirc, with a market on Tlmifday. It ka Roman town, as is evident from tf ant (juities found here. It is feated CAP on the VOCf 19 miles SW of Mon<* mouth, and I4)( W by N of London. '• CAZRrHiLLY, a town of Glamor- ganihire, with a market on Thurfday { . feated between the Taafe and Rumney** It is thought that the Mralls, now in ruins, were built by the Romans} whofe coins are dug up here* It is five miles N of LandafF, and 158 W of- London* Caekwxnt, a village of Mon-- mouthfiiire, famous for a beautiful tef- felated pavement, difcovered in 1777 f and alTerted to be fuperior to any fuch difcovered on this fide the Alps, and equal to thofe preferved at Portici* It is four miles SW of Chcpftow. Caerwis, a town of Flintihire, with a market on Tuefday, five milca W of Flint, and 203 NW of London. Caff A, a tawnoftheCrimea,with an excellent harbour. It was taken, in 1266, by the Genoefe, who made it the feat of their trade in the Eaft, and one of the moft fiouri(hiiig towns in Afia. The Venetians difpofl'cfled them of it in 1297 : they recovered i^ footf after, but were finally expelled by the Tartars in 1474. Cafi^a was the The- odofia of the ancients ; a name which ' has been reftored to it fince theRufiians became pofTefrcd of the Crimea. It is feated- on the Black Sea, 150 miles NE of Conftantinople. Lon. 35 45 E, lat. 45 8 N. Caff A, Strait of, the ancient Oimmerian Bofphorus, a ftrait that- forms the communication between the Black Sea and the fja of Afoph. • Caffraria, a country of Africa,^ lying to the S of the tropic of Capri- corn, and extending along the Indi.ia 03can to the mcu^h of the Great Fifli River, in lat. 30 3Q S. By this river it is divided frojhn the country of the Hottentots. Its ipther boundaries can- noty atprcfent, be .nfcertained, it hav- ing never been vifited by any Euri'- pcan, before the journey which lieut. Pattcrfon made in thcfe parts in 1779. The Cafftes are tall and well-propoi - tioncd ; and, in general, evince great ■ courage in attacking lions and other hearts of prey. Their colo 11 is a jet black ; their teeth white as ivory, • '•HhhMmHnMi-t I C A H They are fo fond of dogs, that If one particularly pleafes then), they will give twp bullocks 1(1 eKchange for it; and their whole exercife through the day is hunting, fightings or dancing. They have great pride in their cattle ; and Cut their horns in Tuch a way as to be able to turn them inta any fliape they pieafe: when they wifh their cattle to return, they go a little way from the houfe and blow a whiftle, which is made of ivory or bone, and in this ynanner bring them a!i home, without any difficulty. The women make a curious kind of baikers, of a texture fo compa£l as to contain milk. Induflry is the leading trait in the charadier of the CaftVcs, who are diftinguifhed from their neighbours to the S, by their fondnefs fcr agriculture^ They are governed by an hereditary king,- whofe power is very limited, receiving no lax, and having no troops at his command ; but being permitted to take as many wives as he pleafes, it is neceflary that he fliould have a larger portion of land to cultivate, and a greater number of cattle to tend and feed. His cabin is rieither higher, nor better decorated than the reft J and his whole family live around him, compofing a group of about 3 5 lint . The diftanct of the different hordes make it neceffaiy that they ilnuid have inferior chiefs, who are ap- pointed by the king. - CAGti, an ancient eplfcopal town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, r.t the foot of the Appennines, 20 miles S of Urbino. Cagiiari, an ancient, large, and rich city, capital of Sardinia, with an archbiftiop's fee, a univerfity, a caftle, and a good harbour. The French mads an unfuccefsful attack upon this place in January 1793. Lon, 9 14 E, lat. 39 27 N. Cahors, a confiderable town of Prance, in the department of Lot, with a bi/hop's fee, and a univerfity. It is feated on a peninfula made by the liver Lot, and built partly on a craggy r ck. It has a manufactory of fine t'oths and ratteens, and furriiflies ex- cellent red wincF. It was taken by af- fault, in 15S0, by Henry IV, by CAI means of petards, which were firft em- ployed here. The garrifon confiftcd of 2000 men } the aH'ailants were net more than 1 500 j and they fought five days and nights in the ftreets. In one of the fuburbs are the remains of a Roman amphitheatre. Cahors is ^o miles NW of Alby, and 187 S of Paris. Cajanabukct, the capital of E Bothnia, in Sweden, on lake Cajania, 300 miles NE of Abo. Lon 27 45 £, lat. 64 13 N. Cajazzo, orCAjizzo, an epif. copal town of Naples, in Terra di La- voro, -22 miles NE of Naples. CAicos,"iflands of the Weft Indies, to the N of St. Domingo, which take their name from the principal one. Lon. from, 71 to 73° W, lat. 21 40 N. Caifong, a populous city of Chi. na, feated on the Yellow River, in the province of Honan. When btfiegcd I by the rebels, in i64"t, they cut th: dikes of the river, which drowned 300,000 of the inhabitants. Lon. 113 27 E, lat. 35 o N. Caiman Islants, in the Well 1 Indies, NW of Jamaica, between 81 and 86° W lon. -ind in lat. 21 N, 1 The inhabitants of Jamaica come hi- ther to CTtch tortoifcs, which they cany home alive. Cairngorm, a mountain in theEl of Inverncfsftiire; the lofty top clj which is patched with fiiow. It is| famous for beautiful rock-cryftals ofj various tints, much efteemed by la. pidaiies ; and feme of them, liavinjl the luftre of fine gems, bring a iiijhj price. Cairo, or Grand Cairo, tiaj capital of Egypt, with a caftle built up-l on a rock. It confifts of three tomy about a mile apart; Old Cairo, Ncwl Cairo, arid the port termed EiHacJ The ancient town had the natre cj Mcfia. Old Cairo is reduced to. fmall place, though the haibour (oi boats that come from Upper Egypt| Some cf the beys have country houfe( here, to which they retire when ill ccuntry is overflowed by the Nile New Cairo is a mile fixim the riiei dary, ending ul the Oid of Cai of this ftecph^ ner, above the «ut, which is this /hire from gooJ, and the fc iinproveable. on thj coaft, bu| Cji'lic prev:ii!s| fiimmly fubjc atirf drud^;-iy '"01' tiling, ab 8 party of thic. ;a, between 81 r . C AI ... ,..;.,■ anJ is f?ven miles in circumference. I. lb cxceedingty populous ; leveial fa- n,il ( 3 Jiving in one houfe, and a nuai- b-jr of pejple in e.«chroom; and, in tht' bufy time of the duy, the ftrects arc (o ciowded, that ic is difHcut to pil's aiong. The women have greater liberty here than in any other parts of the i uiklib empire j and there .^re p.irt:icular ftrects, where the courtezans lit at the. doors, richly drelFed. The Calilh is a canal, which conveys the \va:ers of the Nile into the city: it is aluut 20 feet broad, and has houft:s on each fide of it. As foon as tlie water begins to rife, they clofe the mouth of the canal with earth, anJ place a mark, to ftow the time when this and all other canals in the kingdom are to be opened, which is done with great fo- lemnity. This city had much greater trad^, before the difcovery of the Cape of Good Hope. There are 300 mofques ill Cairo, the lofty minarets of which make a very pidlurefque appearance. Tlie Europeans have confuls and fac- tors here. Cairo contains 700,000 in- lubitants, and js feated near the Nile, 100 miles S of its mouth. Lon. 31 27 E, lat. 30 2 N. Caisoan, a tov^ r of the kingdom of Tunis, on the liver Magrida, 80 miles S of Tunis. Caithnessshirk, a county of Scot;and, bounded on the N by the Pcnlland Frith, which divides i> from the Orkniesj on the SE by the Biiti/h Ocean; and on th; VV by Sutherland- fhire. Its greateil extent is 35 miles from N to S, and 20 from E to W. A vaft ridge of hll.s forms the S\V boun- dary, ending in the promontory called the Old of Ca:thnef<., Along the fide of this fteep h'll, impending, in a man- ner, abdve the fea, a winding road is cut, which is the only entrance into this ihire from the S. The climate is gooJ, and the foil around the coait very improveabie. Englifli is chiefly fpuken on tlii coaft, but, in the high lands, the Gaelic prevails. The women were firnitrly fubjcft to the moft humili- atir.f dtudf;'.;ry ; it being no uncom- nioi' tiling, above a.o years ago, to fee » party of diea).tiulg' I CAL CAL Calamianxs, three fmall iflands exception to this rule of building} fot of Afla, between Borneo and the Phi lippines, farrtbus for their edible bird* nefts* Lrin. n8 5 E, lat. n oN. Calatajud, a town of Spain, in Arragon, at the confluence of the Xa- lon and Xiloca, with a caftle on a rock, 37 miles SW of SaragoiTa. Calatrava, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, the chief place of the military order of the knights of Cala- trava. It is feated near the river Gua- di.ina, 80 miles S of Madrid. Calbxn, a town of Germany, in the old marche of Brandenburg, with a good caftle, 32 miles N of Magde- burg. Cal car I a town in the duchy of above defcribcd. Calcutta Cleves, feated near the Rhine, eight wonderfully improved both in there, the quarter inhabited by the Englifli is compofed entirely of brick buildings, many of which have the ap- pearance of palaces. The line of buildings that furrounds tW3 Adas of the efplanade of the furt, is magni- ficent; and it adds greatly to the I'u- prrb appearance, that the houfes are detached from each other, and infu- lated in a great fpace. The general approach to the houfes is by a flight of ftcps, with great projecting porticoes, or furrounded by colonnades or ar- cades, which give them the appear- ance of Grecian temples.^ But much the greareft part of the city is built fi ~ ' has been appear- ance and in the falubrity of the air, the ftreets having been properly drained, and the punds filled up. It contains 5(3o,ooo inhabitants. The mixture uf European and Afiatic manners is cu< rious : coaches, phaetons, chaifes, with the pallankeens and hackeries of the natives, the palling ceremonies of the Hindoos, and the different appearances of the fakirs, form a fight more ex- traordinary, perhaps, than any other city can prefent. The hackery is a fmall coveted carriage upon two wheels, drawn by bullocks, and ufed» generally for the female pari of the family. Cal- cut.a is a modern city, having rifen built on one plar., with very narrow on the fite of the village of Govind- and crooked flieetsj an incredible pour, about 96 years ago* The Hoog. number of refervoirs and ponds, and a ly is navigable to the town for the great many ga. dens, interfperfed. A largeft (h'ps. Heie is the feat of the few of the ftrcers are paved with brick, governor-general and council of Ben- The houfes are varioufly buiit j fome of gal, who have a controul over the pre- brick, others with mud, and a greater fidencies of Madras, Bombay, and Ben* proportion with bamboos and mats. Thefe different kinds, intermixed with each other, form a motley appearance : thcfe of the latter kinds are of one miles SE of Cleves. Calcinato, a town of Italy, in the Mantuan, remarkable for a vic- tory gained over tli^ Imperiallfts, by the French, in 1706. It is z 5 miles NE of Milan. Calcutta, or Fort WittiAM, the emporium of Bengal, fitu..*p. on the liver Hoogly, ico miies from its mouth, in the bay of BenjaK It ex- tends from the weftern point of Fort William, along the banks of the river, four miles and a half; the breadth, in imany parts, inconfiderable. Generally fueaking, the defcription of one Indian city is a defcription of all ; being all coolen. Here is Jikewife a fopreme court of judicature, in which jufhce is difpenfed, according to the laws of England, by a chief juftice and three ftory, covered with thatch; thofe of puifne judges. In 1756, Ca'culta was brick feldom exceed two floors, and have flat te^i^^ccd rftofs : the two for- mer dafles far outnumber the laft, which are fo thinly flattered, that fires, which often Happen, do not. taken by the foubah of Bengal, who forced the garrifon^ to the amount of 146 perfons, into a prifon called the Black Hole, a cube of 18 feet, out of which only 13 came alive. Itwasre- fometirecs, meet with the obftruflion taken, the next year, by colonel Ciive •f a brick houfe through a whole and admiral Watfon. The victory of ftieet. But C-Ucutta is, io part, an Plafiey followed} and the Inhuman cuita was igal, who imo«nt of ;alled the et, out of It was re- •ncl Ciive iftory of inhuman 1774- aftive, black, waolly i cal feubah was depofed, and put to death by ills fucceflbr. Immediately after this viftory, colonel Clive began to ere<5l the prefent citadel of Calcutta-, which is fuperior to any fortrefs in In- dia. Calcutta is lojo miles NW of Madras. Lon. 88 sS £, lat. 2Z 23 N. Caledonia, New, the largeft iiland in the S Pacific Ocean, except New Holland and New Zealand. It extends from lat. 19 37 to zz 30 S, and from lon. 163 37 to 167 14 E. It was difcovered by capt. Cook in The inhabitants are ftrong, and well-made ; their hair is and tr ch friszled, but not their beards are crifp and thjcle : they befmcar their faces with black pigment ; and their only cover- ing is a wrapper, made from the bark of a tree, or of leaves. They cultivate the foil with fome art and indaftry, but fubliil chiefly on roots and fiQi. They are of a pacific difpofition, and their women are much chafler than thofe of the more eaflsrn iflands. Cai-cnbkrg, a caftle of Ger- many, capital of the duchy of Brunf- wick Calenberg. It is feated on the river Leina, 10 miles S of Hanover. Cali, a town of S America, in Po- payan, on the river Canca. The go- vernor of the province generally refides heie. Lon. 77 5 W, lat. 3 15 N. CaliCoulan, orQuiLON, a town on the coaft of Malabar, where the Dutch have a fa£^ory. It is i ^o miles S of Calicut. Lon. 74 2 1 £, lat. 8 sN. CAticuT, a city on the ciaft of Malabar, 320 nrtiles SW of Madras. The EngliOi have a faftory here. This tity is remarkable for having been the firft Indian port that was vifited- by European fhipping; it being difcovered by the Portuguefe, when they came to t'ae Eaft Indies by t&e Cape of Good Hipe, ill i498» Lon. 74 24 E, lit. II 18 N. Calicut, a country on the coaft of Malabar, 6a miles in length, and as much in breadth. It produces pep- per, ginger, aloes, and rice j and the trees are always green. There is a tree, which produces a kind of dates it AL from which they obtain fugar and oil. This country was fubjeft to Tippoo Sultan, regent of Myforej but, ia 1792, part of it was ceded to the Eng- llfli Eifl India Company. Calicut is the capital. California, a peninfula of N^ America, in the N Pacific Ocean, fe- parated from the W coaft of America,, by the Vermilion Sea, or Gulf of Ca- lifornia; extending SE, from lat. 32"^ N, to Cape St. Lucar, in lat. 230 N. It was difcovered, by Cortes, in I536;- and is faid to have been vifited by fir Francis Drake, in 1578, and to have received froih h'm the name of New Albion. This latter name, however, belongs to no part of the peninfula, but to a country further N, between 37 and 45° latitude; the harbour of fir Francis Drake being (ituate in about no 23 W ion. and 38 23 N lat During a long period, California conti» nued to be fo little frequented, that even its form was unknown ; and, in moft charts, it was reprefented as an ifland. Tliough the climate of this country,if we may judge fromits fitua- tion, muft be very defjrablc, the Spa- riards have made fmall progrefs in peopling it. Toward the clofe of the la(l century, the Jefuits, who had great merit in exploring this ncg'e^ed province, and in civilizing its rude in- habitants, imperceptibly acquired a do- minion over it, as complete as that which they poflefled in their miflions in Paraguay ; and they laboured to go- vern the na ives i>y the fame policy. In order to prevent the court of Spain from conceiving any jea'oufy of their defigns, they feem ftudioufly to have depreciated the country, by reprefent- ing the climate as fo difagrceable and unwholefome, and the foil fo barren, that nothing but a zealous defire of converting the natives could have in- duced them to fettle there. Several public-fpirited citizens endeavoured to undeceive their fovereigns, and to give thehi a better view of California ; but in vain. At laft, on the expulfion of the Jefu;ts.from the Spanifh domi- nions, the court of Madrid appointed f don Jofepb Galvcz to vifit this penin- r>^/^/>^f)'• ;».'»<>/: I'lilMi C A L fula. His account of th-? country was . favoiable } he l^^ound the peari /lih* ry on its coa/ls to be valuable , and h^ dUcoverciJ mines oi g 'Id or" a V-ry pro- li)i;jng app-"arance. At prefent, h w- evcr, Califoi-nu (the natural hilloiy of wh'ch is Vv.iy littlj known) ftiil re- in 'i.'. a i;ong the moft deiblate aid ui'eieis diiMch of the SpaniHi e . piie Callao, a fcaport of S America, in Peru. The harbour is the beft in the S Sea. It was a molt total y de- ftroyeki by an earthquake in 1746. It is five miles from Lima, of which it is the port. Call A Susung, a town of the illand of Bouton, in the I.idian Ocean. It is a mile from the fca, on the top of a hill, encoii.pafled with cocoa-nut trres. The houfcj zk built on ports. The religion of the inhabitants is the M.ihometan, and they (peak the Ma- layan language. Lon. 123 45 E, ht. 5 o S. Call EN, a town ,cf. Ireland, in the county of K Ikejiny, 10 miles SW pf Kilkenny. Calling TON, or Kellington, a borough u{ Con. wail, with a good piarket on Wednefday j 12 miles S of Launcefton, and 217 VV by S ofLon- Calmar, a (Iron g feaport of Swe- den, in the province ofSm'iland, di- vided from the ifle of Oeland by a ftiait, feven miles bioad in its nairoweft part. It is celebraced as. the place where the deputies of Sweden, Den- marJc, and Norway, were appointed to aflemble for the eleclion of a king, . according to the union of Calmar. On an eminence, half a mite from the town, is the caftlc, the only remains of its ancient magnificence. This palace, once the refidcnce of theiJuf- trious queen Margaret, is now con- verted into a diltiliery. It is 150 miles SW of Stockholm. Lon. 16 21 E, lat. 56 40 N. Calks, a borough of Wiltfli're, with a market on Turldiy ; (ea:ed on a river of the fame name,. 25 miles E ofBrillol, and 88 W of London. Calvados, a departmcntol France, Including part of the litte province of CAM Normandy. It is fo called from a rode of the fame name. Caen is the capi- tal. Calvary, Mount, a hill near Jciuialcm, on which Jescs Christ wa, crucified. Calvi, an ep' 'copal town of Na- pies "^ Terra-di-Lavoio, eight mil^s N or Capua. Calvx, a town in Corfica, on a craguiy mountain and gulf of tiie fame name, with i. ftniig fortrcfs, and a go d harb ur. It was taken from thj French, by the Englifli, Aug. 10, 1794, and is 32 n:iles SW of Bailia. Lon. 9 16 E, lat. 41, 26 N. Cam, or Grant, a river which rifej in Herts, and flowing by Cambridge into the Ifle of Ely, there falls into the Oufe, to which river it is navigable from Cambridge. Camarana, an ifland of Arabij, in the Red Sea where there is a filh« eiy for wliite coral and pearl oyfters. Camarat, a feaport of France, ih the department of Finifterre. In an expedition againft Brcft, in 1694, the Engiifh landed here, and loft a giea number of men. It ftands on a bay of the fanr.e name. Cambay, a large city of Hin- djoflan Proper, in G^.zcrat, on a gult" of ihe fame name. Its produds and inanui'aftufcs are infeiior to thole of fcvvtnvns in India j for the country abounds in corn, cattle, and fik j and cornelian and agate ftones are found in its rivers. The inhabitants are noted fir embroidery ; and fome of their quilts have been valued at 40I. It is hibje(fi: to the Poonah Mahrattas, and is 57 miles S of Amcdabad, of which it is the port. Lon. 72 10 E, lat. 22 25 N. CAMBEawELL,a villageof Surry, two miles SSE of London. Its pariih includes the villages of Dulwich and Peckham. Cambodia, a kingdom of Afi-i, bounded on the N by Laos, on the E by Cochin China and Ciampa, and oa the S and W by the gulf and king- dom of Siam. The chief town beais the name of Cambodia, and is fe.>.ted oa i riveC) called Mccan^ 0; Canib^ nuti, and Si are Clare, Pe Catherine.' < Houle is the founded in i Trinity collcgt ^ii'g's colicge tioa in Euiope, t'le fineft'picc ture in the u-oi pel, ^.-c. of Trii if '■" the firft ra _tU!C3 tc'onghig - c A ^: dla, 150 ir'ilei from Ics mou(h. Thia country is overfljwcd in the rainy fca- fon, between June and Udtober. Lon. 104 5 £, lat. 13 10 N. Camsrav, a fortifted city of Fiance, in the department of the North. It was an archicpilcopal fee, but is now only a bifhopric. It has a citadel and fort, and a confiderable manufactory of cambrics, .which took their nanne from this city. It is feat- ed on the Scheld, t>z miles S£ of Ar- ras, and 102 N of Paris. Cambkesis, a late province of France, 25 miles in length; bound- ed on the N and E by Hinault, on the S by Picardy, and on the W by Artois. Cambray is tlie capital j and it is now included in the department of the North. Cambridgx, the county town of Cambridgelhire, and feat of a celebra- ted univcrfity, fituate on the river Cam. It conTifts of 14 parishes, and is governed by a mayor, high ftcward, recorder, 12 aldermen, and 24 common council-men. The mayor, when he enters upon his office, takes an oath to maintain the privileges of the uni- vcrfity. The markets are every day in the week, Sunday and Monday ex- cepted. The county gaol is the gite- houfe of an ancient caftle, built by William I. The univerfity is fuppofcd to have been founded during the hep- tarchy. It contains 12 colleges and four halls ; and the halls, unlike thofe at Oxford, have equal privileges with the colleges. The college? are, Peter Houfe, Corpus Chrifti or Bennt% King's, Queen's, Jefus, Chrift's, Sc, John's, Nidgdalen, Trinity, Em-.- nutl, and Sidney Suflex. The halls are Clare, Pembroke, Trinity, and Catherine. Of the collegci, Peter Houfe is the moil ancient, being founded in 1257 } and King's ;ind Trinity colleges the moft confide. able. King's college is the nubleft founda- tion in Euiope, and the chapel one of the fineft pieces of Gothic architec- ture in the woild. The library, cha- pel, &c. of Trinity college, jullly p ace it in the firft rank. The other Ihuc- tuvcs bconghig to the univcifity are CAM ths fenatc-houfe, a fine edifice, which, with St. Mary's- chyrch, the fchoois, the univerfity library, and other build- ings, forms a noble f4uare. Pleie ij aifo a botanical garden, and a general hofpital, called Addcnb.ookc's, from the name of the founder. Cambridge is 17 miles S of Ely, and 51 N by £ of London. Lon. o 4 £, lat. 52 i a N. Cambridge, a village of GIou> cefterfhire near Berkeley, on the river Cam. Here the Uarics were attacked by Edward the Elder, and fome thou- fands of them were killed. Cambridge, a viLage in the flate of Malia-buiets, in N America, it has a fiourilhing univerfi.y, wh ch confifts of four elegant brick houks, and is, with rcfpeft to its library, phi- lofophical apparatus, and profeil'orlhips, the firft literary inltitution in America. The names of the four buildings are Harvard Hall, Maflachufets Hall, HoU lis Hall, and Holden Chapel. Cain- bridge is four miles W of Bolton. Cambridgeshire, a county of England, bounded on the N\V by Lin- coliifhire, on th.- NE by Norfolk, an the E by Suffolk, on the S by Eflcx and Herts, and on the W by the counties of Huntingdon, Bedford, and North- ampton. It extends 50 miles from N to S, and 25 from E to W. It lies ia the diocefes of Ely and Norwich ; con- tains 17 hundreds, an epifcopal fee, a univerlity, (even market- towns, and l6j puriihes i and fends fix members to parliament. The air and (oil vary extremely j fome parts, efpecialiy thfr fouthern and eaftern, are plcafant and healthy j but the northern, or fenny country, called the Ifle of Eiy, is low and watery, frcm the confluence of many rivers. See Bedford Lx- VEl. CamelfcRD, a borough of Corn- wall, with a large market on Frid.»y for yarn. It is feared on the riv«r Camel, a4mil^s W of Launci-fton, and 229 VV by S of London. Camehino, an ancient and popu- lous town of Iialy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, with a bl/hop's f.e j fear- ed ou a mountain near tliis A^'pcnnines CAM and the river ChientOi 37 m'les SW of Ancon?. Camikha, a f^-aport of Portugal, in the province of EntreDouero«e- Minho, at the mouth of the Mlnho, 12 tniles N of Viana. Lon. 8 89 W, I at. 41 50 N. Cammin, a feaport of PrufTin Pomerania, in the principality of thn fame name} feated on the Oder, op- pofite the ^ifle of Wollln, 30 mi'es N of Stetin. Lon. 14 55 E, lat. 54 4 N. Cammin, a diftri€l of Pru/fian Po- merania, formerly the territory of the bifliop of Cammin, converted into a principality, in favour of the houfe of Brandenburg, by the treaty of Weft- phaiia. Coiberg is the capital. Campagna, or Campania, a town of Naples, in the Further Prin- cipato, with a bi (hop's fee, 40 miles S£ of Naples. Campacna di Roma, ancient- ly La tium, a province of Ittly, in the Ecclcfiaftical State, extending 60 tniles S£ along the Mediterranean, to the frontiera of Naples. Fbrmerly the bcft peopled and beft cultivated fpot in the world, few villages, little cultiva- tion, and fcarcely any inliabttants are now to be feen : no trees, no inclofures ; nothing, in /hort, but the fcattered ruins of temples and tombs, which prefent the idea of a country depopula- ted by peililence. . Rome is the capi- tal. €a MP B E L T OM, a largc borough of Scotland, fituateona bay, toward the S cxtre:.T>ity of the peninfula cf Can- tyre, in Argylefliire. It has a con- fiderable trade ; for which it is princi- pally indebted to its being the general rendezvous of the fifliing ve/Teis that annually vifit the W cnafl. It is 10 miles W of the ifle of Arran. Lon. 5 4a W, lat. 53 29 N« Campdxn, a town in Gloucefter- Ihire, with a market on Wednefday, 22 miles NE of Gloucefter,,and 87: NW of London. Campiachv, a town of N Ame- rica, in New Spain, in the peninfula of Yucatan, on the W coaft of the bay of Campeachy, defended by ftrong tAN forts. It was taken by the Hngliih in 1659, by the buccaneers in 1678, and by the freebooters of St. Domingo in 1685, who burnt it, and blew up the ciudel. Lon. 90 57 W, lat. xo o th, See HoNDVEAS. Camp EN, a town of the United Provinces, in Overyffcl, with a citadel, and a port almoft choked up. It was taken by the Dutch in 1578, and by the French .in 1672, who abandoned it in 1673. It it feated near the mouth of the Yflel, on the Zuider Zee, 44 miles N£ of Amilerdam. Cam POL I, a town of Naples, in Abruzzc Ultltriore, 28 tniles N by E of Aquiia. Campo Major, a town of Portu. gal, in Alenteji., 100 miles EofLif. bon. Campredon, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, at the foot of the Pyrenees, and on the river Ter, 45 miles N of Barcelona. Campsey Hills, a ridge of hills, in Stirlingfliire, which extend from E to W, and occupy the centre of the county.. Canad^A", a large country of Tf America, bounded on the N by New Britain } on the E by the gulf of St, Lawrence ; on the S by Nova Scotia and the United States ; and on the W by: unknown lands. It lies between 61 and8i° Wlon. and45ar.d 51° N- Jat. and was difcovered hy the Ca- bots, father and fon, in 1497. The winter continues for fix months very fevcre. l"he land that is cleared is fertile, and the wheat fowed in May ij reaped at the end of Augvift. Of all ' their animals, the beaver is the moft' uftfuL and curious. Canada turpentine is greatly efteemed for its balfamic quaiitieti, and for its ufe in difordets of the breaft and ftomach. Canada was conquered by the Ehglirti, in 1759, and confirmed to them by the French at the peace of 1763. In 1774, this country- was formed into a province, called Qgebec, from the name of the capital J a government was inftirutcd conformab y to the French iaws of Ca- nada; and the Roman catholic reli. gion was eftablifhed. In 1 79 1, it was CAN CAN divided into two provinces ; name'y, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, of which latter province Quebec is the ('riitf town ; and a comlitution, in imitation of that of England, wjs given to each of thcle pix)vinces. Canal, THE Duke of Bbidge- water's, a ftupcndous work, begun in I7S2» a' Worfley Mill, feven miles from Manchefter j whcic, at the foot cf a mountain, which proves to be compofed of coal, a badn is cut, ca- pable of containing all the boats, and a great body of water, which feives as a refervoir to the navigation. The ca- nal runs through a hill, by a fubtcr- ranean pafTage, large enough for the itdminion of long flat-bottomed boats, towed by hand rails on each fide, near three qU'Uters ot a mile, to the duke's coa! w^rks. There the pa(Iiig« di- vides into two channels ; one of which goes 500 yards to the y]ght, and tlie other as many to the lcft« in fome places, this pafTige is <£ut thiovgh foltd lock: in others, arched «ver with brick. Atr-funnels, ibme of which are 37 yards perpendicular, are cut, at certain difiances, through the rock, to the top of the hill. The arch, at the entrance, is fix feet wide, and five feet above tlie furface of the water. It widens within, fo that, in fome places, the boats may pafs each other, and at the pit, it is ten feet wide. The coal is brought to this paiTage in low w.i!;gons, that hold nearly a tun each ; and, as the work is on a defcent, they are eafiiy pufhed, or pulled along, by a man, on a railed way, to a ftage orer the canal, and then fliot into one of the boats ; each of which holds feven or eight tons, and is drawn out by one man to tlie bafm at the mouth, where five or fix of them are litiked together, and drawn along the canal, by a fing'e horfe, or two mules, on the towing paths. The canal is there broad enough for the barges to go abread. At Barton Bridge, three miles from the bafin, is a noble aqueduft, which, tor upward of aoo yards, conveys the caiul acrofs a valley, and alfo more than 40 feet above the navigable river Iwell, There are three ftpne arches over this river : the centre arch is 63 feet wide, and 38 feet high above the water, and will admit the largeft barges to go thr/ough with maft and fails (landing. At Longford Bridge, the canal croflcs the Merfey, and pailcs near Attiingham, Dunham, Crapen- hall, and Kaulton, into the tide way of the Merfey, ar Runcorn Gap, where the duke's barges can come into his canal from Liverpool at low water. This navigation is more than 29 miles Ii3 length j it falls 95 feet, and was R- ni filed in five years, under the direc- tion of Mr. Brindley. CA>fAL, THE Grand Tiiukic, or STAFroBDSHiBE Canal, begun in 1766, under the diredlion of Mr. Brindl-?y, in order to form a communi- cation between the Merfey and Trent, and, in courfe, between the Iri/h Sea and the German Ocean. Its length it 9a miles; namely, 41 miles on the S fide, from Harecaftle Hill, where it was begun, to the du|ce of Bridge* water's canal at Prefton 00 the Hill in Cheshire, and 61 miles from the S fide of the hill to 'WiMon-ferry, ia Derbyibire, where it communicates witli the Trent. It is carried over the river DoyfCf in an aquedud of 23 arches, and over the Trent by one of &x arches. At Hzrccaftle Hill, it is conveyed under ground a mile and a half; at Barton in Chefhirr, a fub- terraneous palTage Is efteded of 560 yards in extent; and, in the fame neighbourhood, another of 350; at Prefton on the Hill,' where it joins lh« duke's canal, it pafles under ground 1241 yards. From the neighbour- hood of StaAord, a branch is made from it to the Severn near Kiddermin- flcr : from this again two other branchea are carried, one to Birmingham, the other to Worcefter. Canal, Cf.t.at, a noble canal, in Sco.land, which forms the long- wiflied-fi>r jundlioti between the Forth and Clyde. It.i length is 35 miles; i\t the courfe of which navigation, the ve(T"e!s arc raifed, by 20 locks, to nearly the height of 160 feet above the level of the f.*a. Faffing afterward upon the funimlt of the country, for CAN CAN" tbovc 18 miles, they then delcend, by 19 locks more, into the Clyde, and thence have free accefs to the Weftern Oi- an. In the fpace of 30 miles, th.j canal is carried over 36 rivers and rivulets, befide two great roads, by 38 sicgant aqncdufts of hewn ftone. in the coiirfe of this inland navigation, which may, in general, be perfornned it lefs that! 18 hours, are many ftri- king fcenes. The beautiful and ro- mantic ficuation of the ftupendous a- qucdu£l over the Kelvin, near Glaf- gow, 400 feet in length, carrying a great artificial river over a natcirat one in a deep valley, where large vefTels fail at the height of 70 feet above the bed of the river below, is one of the features of this great work, which gives it the pre-eminence over any of I fimllar nature in Europe. Th: uti- lity of this important communication between the Eaftern and Weftern Sea* to the commerce of Gieat Britain and Ireland; to Liverpool, Lancaftar, White. haven, Dublin, Newry, and Belfad On the one hand ; to Hull, Newcaftle, L?ith, and Dundee on the olher ; and alfo to all ports in St. George's Chan- nel, in their tr^de to Norway and the Baltic ; muft be evident, as it /hortens the nautical diftance in fome inilances ico, and in others 1000 miles j af- fording a fafe and fpeedy navigation, particularly a* the end of the fcafon, when vcfTcls are too long detained in the Baltic, and cannot attempt the voyage round by the North Sea, with- out danger of fliipwreck, o» of the market being loft from delay. Canal Royal, or the Canal of LanguedoC; in France, begun in 1666, in order to efreft an inland* communication between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, and finiflicd in 1682. From die poitc of Cette, in the ' ledlterranran, it crofTes the Ijke of Thau, and, below Tou'oufe, is conveyed by chrec fluices into the Ga- ronne. This canal cjlt fomething mor'i than haif a million fterling, part of which money was furnilhcd by the king, and part by the flates of Lan- jiUiJoc. The king granted to Ri- ^'U't, the inventor and condu£tor|- and his male heirs, all the jurifdi^Ion an^ revenues belonging to it. The an- nual net profits are upward of 14,000!. (lerling. The length of this canal, from Touloufe to Bcziers, where it joins the river Orb, is 15a mil^s. CaNanore, a large feaport, on the coaft of Maiabar, ceded by Tipper Sultan to the Eng.'ilh Eaft Indi:i Com. pany in 1792. Lor, 74 10 E^ lat. la o N. Canara, a province, on the coafV of Malabar, fubjedl to Tippoo Sultanr Its moft northerly port is Onore, iij. lat. 14. 16 N. Canaria, or the Grand Ca- nary, the principal of the Canary Iflands, which gives name to the whole. The temperature of its air i» delightful; and abundance of trees, herbs, and delicious fruits, are founi npon it. They have two whe't har- vefts, in February and May, and the corn make* bread as wlllte as fnowr It is 4a miles long, and 9,7 broad ; and lies 18 leagues W by S of ?uer- taventura. Lon. 15 34 W, lat. zi 14 N. Canary Islands, anciently cal. hd the Fortunate Iflunds, are feven in number, lying in the Atlantic Ocean, near the continent of Africa ; namely, Palm3, Ferrd, Gomera, Teneritf, Ca- naria, Fuertaventiira, and Lancerota ; to which may be added feveral fmaller ides, as Graciofa, Roccas, Allcgran- za, St. Clare^ InfiernO, and Lobos. They belong to the Spaniards, and produce barley, fugarcanos, and excel. lent wine ; and it is thence that ths canary birds originally came. The NE point of thefe is in lon. 15 38 W> lat. 28 13 N. Canary, the capital of the ifland of Grand Canary, with a bifliop's fee, an inquifition, the fupreme council of the Seven lOands, and a caiHe featcd on a hill. They have fugirhoufes, in which a ^reat quantity of fugar ii made. Thit wine called Sack, has hence been often termed Canary. It is computed that ic^ooo hogrtieads are fent annually to England, Luii. 15 50 W, iat. a8 4 N. Cancax.ii:| a bay on tiit coaflof CAN CAN France, lo miles £ of St. MalueSj where the Englifli made n defcent, in J 758, and ,hence proceeded to burn the ihips at St Msloes. Candahak> a rich trading city of A Is, capital of a kingdom of the fame name. While the Ferfian and Mogul empires were each entire, it was the frontier fortrefs of Hindocilai toward Perfia: it was eftcemed the key of the weftern provinces of the latter-, and frequently changed maf- ters, although very ftrong by fituation, being furrounded by fens and rocks. Ic is T45 miles SW of Cabul. Lon. 67 15 E, lat. 33 o N, CandahaR) a kingdom of AHa, between the river Indus and Perfia, bounded on the N by Cibul, on the £ by Lahore, on the S£ by Moultan, and on the W by Perfia. The domi- nions of the king of r.his country, ex- tend weftward to the neighbourhood of Ihe city of Terlhi/h j including Ca- bul, Pei/hore, Ghi2»u, Gaur, Segc- ftan, and Korafan ; a tti&, not lefs than 650 miles in len^ch ; itt breadth unknown ; antJ, on the E fide of the Indus, he poflefles the tcnitory of Cafhmere, and fome diftriAs above Attock. Thefe countries are all cal« led by the general name of the Ccun> try of the Abdalli. Ahmed Abdalla, the founder of this kingdom, was ori- ginally the chief of an Afghan tribe, named Abdal (whenci the name Ab- dalli) who was ftripl of his country by Nadir Shah, in 1739. On the death cf Nadir, he fuddenly appeared among his former fubje£ll$j| and eredted a con- fideiable kingdom in the eaftern part of Perfia, adding to it moft of the provinces to the V7 of the Indus, which had been ceded by the Great Mogul to Nadir Shah, togei'ier with Ca/limere on the £ of ihat river. CANniA, an ifland in the Medi- terranean, formerly Crete, lying to the S of the Archipelago. 1 he capi- tal, of the fame name, though popu- lous formrriy, is little better than a defert, there being nothing but rub- kini, except at the market-place } and the harbour of Candia is now fit for notlilng but boats i but th« walls of the town are ftandin?, and it is the feC of a Greek archbi^op. This ifland was taken by the Tuiks, in i669> after a war of 15 years. Itwas.at# tempted to be ret: ken by the Vem*" tiansy in 1691, without efieft. T'le products are corn, wine, oil, wooi^ filk, and excellent honey. The air is good ; and it is ch 'y inhabited by Greeks, who bear n good charaAer*- Mount Ida, lb famous in hiftory, ia in the middle of this i/liand, apd is noM thing but a huge, ugly, Hiarp pointtd eminenc-, with not the Jeaft /hadow of a landfcapc. Candia is 200 miles- in length, and 50 in breadth. It is 500 miles SW of Conftantinopicr Lon. 25 18 £, lat. 35 18 N. CAMorisH, a rich and populoiit province, in the Dcccan of Hindoo^ ftan, fubjeA to die Poonah Mabrattas* It is bounded on the N by Malwa» 0% the E by Berar, on the S by Dowiata- bad, and on the W by Baglana. Canolxkas ls\zi, near the coaft of Sandwich Land. Lon. ay i| W, lat. 57 10 S. Candvi a kingdom of Ceylon^ containing about a quarter of the if* land. I'he land is fertile in rice> pulfe, and hemp. The king is ablb* lute, and his fubjv:£ls are idolaters. Canoy, the capital of a kingdom of'' the fame name, in thf. ifland of Ceylon. It was often burnt by the Portuguefe, when they were mafters of thefe coads. Lun. 80 52 £, lat^ 7 4SN. Canx, Grotta nit, a cele- brated grotto, on the banks of lake d'Agnano, feven mile? from Puzzoli^ in the kingdom of Naples. Here ma- ny dogs have been tortured and fiifib* cated, to ftiow the ef«"eft of a vapour,, which rifes a foot ab:ive the bottom of this cave, and is dcflrudlive to animal life. A Jog having liis head hold in this vapour, is convulfcd in n few mi- nJtes, and foon after falls motionlcfs to the earth. The fellows who attend at the cave, have always fome mifera- b'c (logs, with ropes about their necks, ready for thij cruel pu* pofe. Cane A, a confiJi-iable town of the idand ut Candia, witii a good harbour^ 'ihiat^n^^^tjt CAN CAN The environs are adorned with fore&s of olive-trees, mixed with fields, vine- yards, gardens, and brooks, bordered with myrtle - trees, and laurel-rofes. ]t vtras taken by the Turks, in 1645^ after a defence of two months, in which the vidors loft zo,oco men. 'Lon. «4 15 E, lat. 35 ao N. Caneto, a town in Itna. Canua", one of the wcftern ifles of Scotland, SW of the ifle of Skye. In this fertile ifiand, are vjfl bafa tic columns, which rife above each other to a great height, in many fucccflive ranges, each feparated from the other by a ftrdtum of pebbly concretions, refemb'.ing j-viddingftone. On the E fide of the ifland, the tops of an im- menfe number of thefe columns ap- pear at low water, forming a canfeway of furprifing extent, th^ furface of which is fmooth and regular, like an ordinary paved ftreet. Cann^o See Cano«a. Canogue, a tnwii of Hindooftan Piopcr, in the province of A3rii, feat- cd on the Ganges, near its confluence fi'ich the Caliiii. In the 6th century. It was fard to contain ^0,000 /hops, in which betel-nut (which the Indians almoft univerfaily chew) was fold. It is now reduced to the fi«e of a mid- dling town. It is 127 nilcs SE of Agra. Lon. 80 13 £, lat. 27 3 N. Canobia, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, on the Lago Mag. giore, 35 mile* NNW of Milan. Canosa, a town of the kingdoin of Naples, in Terra di Bari. It con- tains not more than 300 houfes, but ftands on the iite of the ancient Canu- Ham, one of the muft populous and magnificent cities of Italy. Between Canofo and the river Ofanto, are ftill fome traces of the ancient town of Cannse, in the plain of which was fought the battle between Hannibal and the Romans, in which the latter loft 4S>cco men. Lon. 16 32 £, lat. 41 30 N. Canco, a feaport of Nova Scotia, in N AnKiiica, on a ftrait which fe< parates Nova Scotia frdm Cape Bre. ton. Near thia town is a fine ntfaery for cod. Lon. 60 55 W, lat. 45 20 N. Canstadt, a town or Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the Neclcar, two miles N£ of Stut- gard. Cantal, a department of France, including part of the late province of Auvergne. It is fo called from a high mountain, near St. Flour, almoft al- ways covered with fnow. The capi- tal is St. Fiour. Cantazako, an epifcopal town of Naples, in Calabria Citeriore, ao miles F, of Nicaftro. Cantekbcry, the capita! of Kent, with an archbilhop's fee, the metropolitan of all England. The ca- thedral was once famous for the Ihrine of Thomas Docket, vlfited by pil- grims from all parts of Europe. This turbulent prieft having been murdered herein 1170, was afterward made a faint; miracles were pretended to be performed at his tomb ; and 100,000 pilgrims, vifitcrs to this tomb, have been regiftered at one time in Canter- bury. Lewis VII of France, made a piilfriiDage to the ii:.<-ine; and beftowc^ CAN CAP ^i, 111 idians I. It m'ld- SE of 3 N. in the Mag- 1. ngdo'.ti [t con> ES, but :Canu< ous and letween are ftill town of ich was ■Idnnibal he latter » 3* ^ on it a jewel, eiteemed the richeft In rounded by a group of dangerous rocks, Chriftendom. But Henry VIII, in called the Mull of Cantyre. The foil, l^'^i, not only pillaged this rich in general, is fertile, {hrine, but caufed the faint to be cited Caorlo, a fmall ifland in the gulf in court, tried, and condemned as a of Venice, on the coaft of Venetian , traitor; ordered his name to be flruclc Friuli, 20 miles SW of Aquileia. k out of the calendar, his bones to be has a town of the fame name, with a burnt, and his afhes thrown i"?Sto the bifliop^s fee. air. In this cathedral are interred Capacio, an epifcopal town of Henry IV, ;aid Edward the Black Naples, in P.incipato Citeriore, 16 Prince. Here are likewife 14 pari (h miles S of Salerno, chinches; the remains of many Ro- Cape Preton. Sec Breton, man antiquities ; and an ancient caf- Cape; and other Capes, as GoOi^ de. Canterbury is an ancient built Hope, Cape op, &c. fee under city, in a declining ftate, notwirh- their refpedtive names, ftanding it poflTeffes a fliare of the fiiJt Capelle, a town of Fras.ie, in manufaftures introduced by the French the department of Aifne, eight miles refugees, who have here a church un- NE of Guife, taken by the Spaniards der the cathedral. It is noted foe its in 1 636, but retaken the year after, brawn, and the adjacent country pro- Capes tan, a town of France, in duces abundance of hops. Iv^as two the department of Aude, near the river markets, on Wednefday and Satur- AuJe and the canal of Languedoc. day, fends two members to parliament, Lon. 3 8 £, lat. 43 21 N. and is feated on the riVer Stour, z6 Capitanata, a province of Na« miles ESE of Rochefter, and 56 of p'^s, bounded on the N by the gulf of London. Lon. I 4E, lat. 51 19 N, Ven'ce, on the E by Terra-di-Bari, on CantxN Cape, a promontory of the S by Bafilicata and Princlpato Ut- the Atlantic Ocean, on the coarf of teriore, and oniheWby Molife aad Morocco. Lon. 9 5 W, lat. 32 49 Abruzzo. Manfredonia is the capital. N. Capo Fino, a bah-en rock, in the Canton, a city and feaport ri territory of Genoa, with a caftlc China, capital of the province vif on its eaftern peak. Near it is a hap- Qi^angtong, feated on one of the fineft hour of the fame name, 13 miles E rivers in the empire. It confiils of by S cf Genoa, three towns, divided by high walls, Capo d'Istria, a town of Italy, and is as large as Paris. The .ftreets inVenetianlftria, on thegulfof Trieil, are long and ftiaii, paved with flag- v;::^ a biihop'sfoe. It is eight miles ftones, and adorned with triumphal S of Trielh Lon. 14 6 £, lat. 45 49 arches. The lioufes are only a ground- N. floor, built of earth, and covered v/iith Caprala, an ifle in the Mediter- tiles. At the end of every ftreet is a ranean, to the NE of Corfica, on barrier, which is fliuC every evening, which it depends. It has a ftropg as weil as 'he gates of the ciiy ; fo that cnftle, and if 1 5 miles in circumference. people are obliged to be at home early. Lon. 10 o E, lat. 43 5 N. The river 's covered with barks, which iiavc apartments in them for many families. The number of inhabitants is computed at r,ooo,ooo> Lon. il;) 2 E, lat. 23 7 N. Cantyre, a peninfuU of Argyle- Capri, a fmall illand of Naples, in the Mniiterranean, oppofite Sorcnto, famous /or i/cing the retreat of Tibe- rius. A vail quantity of quails come here every year, forming the principal revenue of the bifuop, who ii hence Ihiie, 50 miles long, and fwm five to called the Blftiop of Quails, eight broad. It is connected on (he N Capri, the cipital of an ifland of by an ifthmus to the mountainous the fame name, in the Mediterranean, diibidl of Knapdale. To the S, it with a bilhopric and a caitle. It was terminates in a great promontory, fur- once a dalightful place, embcUiihcd Mmt'tffr' CAR ■::■■[%;■::■,'■■ Vrth magnificent works, which were demoliHied after ibe death at' Tiberius. Lon. 14 8 £, lat. 40 1 1 N. Capua, a town of Naples, rn Ter- ra-di-Lavoro, with an archbjfhop's fee. It is two miles fiom the ancient Capua, and was built out of its ruins. Ic was taken by the Imperialifts in 1707 j and is feated on the river Volturno, 15 tn'i'ci N of Napier. Caraccas, a diftridl of S Ame- rica, ifi Terra Firma, included in the weft part of the province of Venezuela. It is bounded on the N by the guir of Mexico, on the E by Cumana, a-id on .the 5 by New Granada. The beft «oco3 nuts, next to thofe of Guatima- Ja, are pr.jduced in the rich plains of this province. The Dutch, by the vicinity of their fettletri€nls in the if- Jands of Cura^oa and Buen Ayre, hav- ing gradually engvofTed the greateil: part cf the cocoa trade, Pfiilip V, to remedy this evil, granted, in 172,8, to a fcody of merchants, an exclufive right to the commerce witli Caiaccas and Cumana, on condition of their em- ploying, at their own expence, a fuf- ficient number of armed veflcls, to clear the coaft of ip.terlopers. This eftabl'./hment proved highly beneficial to Sinin, It is fomctimcs called the Company of Caraccas, and fomctimes the Company of Guipifcna, from the province of Spain, in which it is citab- liflicd. The capital of Caraccas is Sc. Jngo de Leon. C.ABAMANIA, a pr vincc of Tur- key in Afin, in the o part of Nntolia. Satalia is the c:;pital. Car A R A, a town of Tufcany, in the pvincipaiirycf MaiTa, between Maf- fa and Saiziina, five nv.lcs from each. Near it are tparrlrs of maibie of va- rious colours. Lon. 9 55 E, lat. 4.}. Carasvi, a river of Car^man;a, which ciuf](?s Aladulij, and falL into the Mediterranean. •Cabasu Mkstro, a river of Ro- mnnia, wliich rifcs in Mour.t Rhodol- pho, and fails into the Aichipclagc. Carasui, a I; ke in Bulgaiia, faid to be 3 : tn l,,o clicumfiTcnce, and to contain fcvciMl iflands. It is fora*- milcs of I'aris. Glamor- on Wed- feated on handfome trade with cs caftle is two bail- n, and it re the af- town arc al, extend- n-woiks at caftle died idy, cldeft leror, after oniined 28 yl. Car. )vidge, and 3 laW, ty-town of :tonTucf- the Tyvy, [one bridge. )arliament, D-uid's, Lon. 4 ne coaft of ^th of tlie ifland in ■)unty in S I by Meii(J-> /(hire; on Irecknock- arthcniliiie flK W by 4.1 inlks E toWi Jieds, con- and ^4 Iccfe ^i ^'■> CAR David's, and fends two members to parliament, one for the county, and one for Cardigan. The air is milder here than in moft parts cf Wales. To the S and W arc plains iruitful in corn ; but the N and E parts are a continued ridge of bleak and barren mountains ; yr.t, in the worft parts of fhis county, there are paftures in which are bred .<],.cks of fhecp and herds of cattle. The mountains abcUnd with veins of lead and filver ore. Car SON A, a town of Spain, in Ca- t.!lonia, with a caftJe. Near it is a iTiOuntain of fa!t, of feveral colours, which, when waiTied, becomes white, and there are vineyards, which pro- duce excellent vvine. Tt is featnl near the river Cardenero, 30 miks NW of Barcelona. Car ELI A, the eaftern part of Fin- land j belonging partly to the Swedes, and partly to the Ruffians. See Wi- EURGH. Carentan, a town of France, in the department of the Channel, with an ancient caftle, xi miles W of Ba- yeux. Cariati, a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Citeriore, with a bi/hop's fee, two miles from the gulf of Taranto. Car IB BEAK Sea, that part of the gu'f of Mexico, lying between New Spain on the Wj Jamaica, St. Do- ffiingo, and Porto Rico, on the N ; the Caribbee Iflands on the E, and Terra Firma on the S. It was for- merly called the North Sea; for the Spaniards having crofTtd the ifthmus ofDaiien from N to S, gave the fea tiicj dilcovcred the name of the South Sea, and thi'^, of courfe, the North Sea, although with refpcdl to the Arre- rlcan continent, the Pacific is the weft- em, and the Atlantic the eaftern ocean. Caribbee Islands. See In- DiKs, West. Carignano, a town of Piedmont, in a diftritit of the fair:e name j fcated en the Po, three miles S of Turin. Cariman Java, iflands to the N of Java, at the principal of which fliips t uih for rcfrcfhmcnts, in their voyage to Borneo. Lgu, 110 12 £; lut. 5 'CAR Carikola, an epifcopal town e£ Naples, in Terra-di-Lavoro, 23 miles nW of Naples. Carinthia, a fertile duchy of Germany, in the ciscie of Auftria, bounded on the N by Auftria, on the E by Stiria, on the S by Camioja and Friuli, on the W by Tirol and Saltz- burg. Clagcnfurt is the capital. Carisbrook Castle, an ancient caftle, near Newport, in the Ifle of Wight, where Charles I was iropvi- foned. Caristo, anepifcopal town, in the E part of the iiJand of Negropont. Lon. 24 45 E, 'at. 38 4 N. Carlingford, a fcaport of Ire- land, on Cai'lir.giord Bay, in the county of Lowth, 21 miles N of Drogheda. Lon. 6 o W, lat. 54 1 1 N. Carlisle, an ancient city, the ca- pital of Cumberland, with a market on Saturday. It is wailed round, ha caftle, and three gates, called theE..^- lifh, Scotch, and. Irift. It is watered by the Eden, and two other iiver«, which here unite. I' has a manufac- tory cf printed linens and checks, and is noted for the making of whips and fiihhooks. It Wbj taken by the r<.>- bels,in 1745, ^"' retaken by the duke of Cumberland. It fends two mem- bevs to parliament} and is 60 miles S of Edinburgh, and 3c i NNW of Lon- don. Lon. 2 53 VV, lat, 54 56 N. Carlisle, the county-town of Cumberland, in the ftate of Pennfyl- vania, in N America, with a court- houfi: and a collrg-e. Thirty-fefcn years ago, this fpot was a wildeincfs, inhabited by Indians and wild be:ifts. It is 100 miles W by N of Philadel- phia. Lon. 77 30 W, lat. 40 10 N. Carlowitz, a town of Sclavonia, where, a peace was concluded betwc«Ji the Turks and Imperialifts, in 1669. It is feated on the Danube, 38 miles NW of Belgrade. CaRLSCRONA, or CARLStROON, a feapcrt of Sweden, in the province of Blckingen. Here Charles XI laid the foundation of a town in 16 8c, and removed the fleet from St-ck-, holm to this place, on account of irs advantageous fuuation, and the fupc- CAR CAR rior fecurity of its harbour, which has depth of water for firft-rate (hips to carry their lower tier. A dock was hollowed in the folid rock> in 1724, capable of receiving a Hrft-rate man ot vt.\r. Some ftupendous additions and improvements were projcftcd in 1759, but they have proceeded (lowly. One dock was finifhed in I779» and gives ^ complete idt:a of the expence and greatncfs of the plan. Carlfcrona con- taino 1 8,000 inhabitants, and is 220 miles SW of Stockholm. Lon. 15 26 £, lat. 56 10 N. Cabstadt, the capital of Croatia, on the river Kulp, 140 miles S of Vi- enna. Lon. 15 2 1 E, 1 Jt. 4<3 2 N. Carlstadt, a town of Sweden, in Wermeland, on the ifland of Ting- vralla, which is formed bytwo branches of the Clara £ib. It is a bi/hop's fee, and carries on a trade in iron and wood acrofs lake Wenner. It is I33 miles W of Stockholm. Caelstadt, a town of Germany, •a the bifhopric of Wurtzbufg, feated on the Maine, 16 miles N of Wurtz- borg. Cakmagniola, a trading town of Piedmont, with a ftrong citadel. It was taken by the French in 1691, but retaken the fame year. It is feated on a river, 14 miles S of Turin. Carmarthen, the county-town «f Carmarchenlhire, with two markets, on Wednefday and Saturday. It is feated on the Towy, over which is a ftone bridge, to which fmall veflels may come. It is' reckoned the firft town in S Wales, fends one member to parliament, and is 24 miles S£ of Cardigan, and 207 W by N of Lon- dc.i. Lon. 423 W, lat. 51 52 N. Carmarthenshire, a county of 5 Wales, 48 miles in length, and 25 in breadth } bounded by Cardigan/hire on the N, the Briftol Channel on the S, Brecknock/hire and Giamorgan/hire on the E, and Fembrokefliire on the W. The air is mild and wholefome, it not being fo mountainous as the other counties of Wales. It lies in thedlo* cefc of St. David's 5 contains eight market-towns and 145 pariflies ; and ieads two members to parliament, one for the county, and one for Carmar- then. Carmel, a mountain in Paleftine, noted for having been the retreat of the prophet Ellas, and for a convent of Carmelites. Carmoka, atown of Auftrian Fri. uli, on a mountain, near the river In- dri, fiven miles NW of Goritz. Cakmona, an ancient town of Spain, in Andalufia, 25 miles £ of Seville. Carnarvon, the county-town of Carnarvon/hire, with a nrirket on Sa- turday. It is fe:iced on the Irifh Sea, and carries on a conilderable trade with Ireland and the Etiglifii ports. It is furrounded on all fides, except the E, by the fea and two rivers. It has a caftle, built by Edward I, in which he gave the Wellh, according to his equi- vocating promife, a native prince for their fovereign, in the perfon of his fon, Edward II, who was born in this caftle. Carnarvon fends one member to parliament, and is governed by the conftable of the caftle, who, by patent, is always mayor. It is feven miles SW of Bangor, and 251 NW of Lon- don. Lon. 4 20 W, lat. 53 8 N. Carnarvonshire, a countv of N Wales, 50 miles in length, and 13 in breadth ; bounded on the N and W by the Iri/h Sea, on the S by Merid- neththire, and on the £ by Denbigh- ihlre. The air is fharp and cold j this county being the moft rugged diftrift of N Wales. Its central part is occu- pied by the famed Snowdon, and the craggy fummits, deep dells, moors, chafms, and lakes, which conilitute its dreary region. The profpe(Sls around are rude and favagc in the higheft de- gree j but not without a mixture of beauty, when the dimenfions of the vales admit the varieties of wood, wa- ter, and meadows. The vale of Con- way, in particular, below Snowdon, in fertility and beauty, forms a very pica fing contraft to that mountainous tradt. Carnarvonshire lies in the diocefe of Bangor) contains fix market towns ar.d 68 parifhes; and fends one meni' ber to parliament for the county, anJ one for CArnarvotu tV'J' ■ rf'twr-" CAR , fc p.ni„r^,„f „;:/„;/,„ ™s,,»; Win no a„d commonly , ' "£! wide. Therereuueof >; (■„' ■ The B*i A poMoL'r," If 2:s- i5o,oooJ. There is, befid'lTi J revenue of 7zr ooJ t\ei]d,s a land Madras. It?si7ch'f?l'''^''''°'' ^ '^'^''» rertiJe, and do ^te c„„„„y. ^,,„, ,, the'caplta'^ """U.ns, but produces corn ■ «^>^^r6l„,a.'":r;k='£t'.^: I Atiarit:c, on the S bv S P;,,-,,!; ^ ''«"• /• «" t«w«n 7« and o, w CAR r^"' ancl 34 and 36 30 N la' .n^ • J5S "jiles long, and ^Mobro'i't;^^ H'/'iid into eijtht dlflnA , ^ l^dinme tJ ^r f ^ P'"*"' '"^ '«" J-^'^^ndi^SrSi:"^--' country abounds with the elnftn* V-" g'nia and Seneca r„,i ^ ^"f*""*" non's-heart! a Wr ■ ™°*' *"'» '^C Yni.edS^Vte?oViSr°/;^« rivi ? ' 'I" ^^^ S ^"'J SW by the "^v.r Savannah, which divide it f.ln! yet b? u a ura M "r'""":'">''>" '■« fituattL, ■ ''^ aftcrtaincd. It is ijuian corn, vvJieat, &c fn- k -red fort r4o"rv^;',t;^/--« ■ population, no cenfi,, i '^"^^ ^» bitants has b..„ a-"" "^^^"^^ '"ha- Tome compute the lattTrtT""' ^"^ Charlefton^sthecS/ ''^°'°°- " -^^"s^ s'erp„r ^'^''°'^-- ^*- ^'»e pope, and is f4Ji ^"^''^ '"^Je '4 mile*' ^".fro?^4;det^ilf2[J".t miles N of Modena.'''*='g'^f SB of Verti ' '^'^'^^^ ^ "'i't'^ ^>Sj^:;S;;.^,,S';>f^erndivifion.r . Waterford.^^''"^' '^^ "^''^ NW of 4h:;r^:;:^^i^H"'ousbo- . I'-m, with a caftle V,I ? * '?^"- ,'/-'»= nam:;T,'icf^"Vf^L°f CAR ..ii ■ - CxKiiONf ■ river of Stirlingfhlrei which rifes on the Campfey Hills, and Hows into the frith of Forth, below Falkirk. Two miles from its fource, it forms a fine cafcade, called the Fall of Auchinlilly. Carkom Works, an eKtenHve foundry, belonging to the Carron Com- pany) on the river Carron, one rot'le from Falkirk. It confifts of the great- eft iron works in Europe. All forts of iron goods are made in it, from the 2Roft trifling articles to a cannon that difcbarges a ball of 42 pounds. Above a thouiand men are here employed ; and hence a great quantity of large cannon are exported to foreign parts. The piece of oidnance, called a car- ronade, introduced into the navy in the laft war, was firft made here, and hence received its name* Thefe works were creAed in 1761. Cakshalton, a village in Surry, SW of Croydon. Many fprings here, JMning others from Croydon and Bed- dington, form a river, in the very ftreet, called the Wandle. Cart, the name of two rivers of Kenfrewlhire. The Black Cart iflues firom the lake called Lochwinnoch } the White Cart defcends from the N£ angle of the county j and, uniting their ilreams, they both flow into the Clyde, Bear Renfrew. CartamA) a town oTSpa'n, in Granada, at the foot of a mountain, near the river Ou;.JaIa Medina, eight miles NW of Malaga. Carterxt Island, in the S Pacific Ocean, fecn by captain Carte- ret in 1767. It is fix leagues long. ] cation by a bridge of boats. It was taken by the French in 1792, and re- taken by the Piuffians in 1703. Cas.serta, a magnificent palace of his Sicilian mnjcfty, 16 miles N of Naples. The gardens are propar- tionably cxtenfive and magnificent. Cassovia, or Caschaw, a ftiong town of Hungary, with a fine arfenai, feated near the river Horat, 55 miles NE of Agria. Castanovitz, a town of Au- ftrian Croatia, on the river Unna, which divides that country from Tur- key. Lon. 17 19 E, lat. 45 40 N. Castelamara, a fpap'.nt of Naples, in Principato Citeriore, with a biHiop's fee, 15 miles S£ of Na- l^es. I CAS Castel-Aragonese, a feap»rt of Sardinia, with a bifhop's fee, 20 miles NE of Safl>.ri. Lon. 9 1 E, lat. 40 56 N. • * Castel-Baldo, a town of Italy, in the Veronefe, on the river Adige, 35 miles SE of Verona. Castelbar, a town of Ireland, in Mayo, 35 miles N of Galway. Castel-Branco, a town of Por- tugal, capital of Beira, on the river Ly. ra, 38 miles NW of Alcantara. Lon, 6 40 W, lat. 39 52 N. CASTEL-DE-ViDE,atownof Por- tugal, in Alentejo, eight miles N of Portalegre. Caste L-FoLiT, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, on an inacceflible emi- nence, 1 5 miles W of Gironna. Castel-Condolfo, a village in the Campagna of Rome, near Lake Albano, on the extremity of which is a caflle, to which the pope retires in the fummer. Near this village is the villa Barbarini, within the gardens of wliich areithe ruins of a palace, built by Domitian. It is 10 miles S by E of Rome. Castel- Jaloux, a town cf ^ France, in the department of Lot ' and Garonne, feated on the river A- vance. Lon. o 25 E, lat. 44 20 N. Castel-Nuovo, a town oi'Vciie- tian Dalmatia, on the gulf 3f Cataro, 12 miles N by W of the town of Ca- taro. Castel-Rodrigo, atov/nofPor- tugal, in the province of Tra-lns- Montes, 30 miles NW of CividaJ. Rodrigo. Castel-Nuovo -Di CarfaG' NANA, a town nf Italy, in the Mo- denefej with a ft ong fort. It is the capital of the valley of Carfagnar.a, and feated on the river Serchio, 17 miles above Lucca. Castellan E, a town in France, in the depart. nent of the Lower Alps, feated on the river Verdon, 27 miles S ty E of Sinez. Cast ELL A zo, a town of Ital;, in the duchy of Milan, two miles Eof Alexandria. Castellon, a town of Spiin, i!\j Catalonia, five miles NW of Rufcs. Castelna France, in the on an eminence is the Royal Ca in 1632, marfh the duke of O is 15 miles W c CaSTIGLIO] in the Mantuai was taken by the but the French in 1706. It is: tua. Castile, tY opulent of the Spain was forme fnrins the two pr and New Cafti/e j been recovered fj time before the la Castile, O Spain, igz miles in breadth j bounr Caftile, on the E I van-e, on the N Afturias, and on Burgos Is the capit Castile, Ne province of Spain, by Old Caftile, on and Valencia, on tl Andalufia, and on ^ura. Its greateft « 200 miles, and Madrid is the cape Castile, Njv "EL Oro. See 7 Castillara, the Mantuan, fix m . Castillon, a in the department of for a viftory gaing over the English in fd on the Dordogn flciurdeaijx. . Castle. Carv, f<;tlh,re, with a ma IJ miles SEcf Wei ^ofLindon. Castle-Comb, J-re, fo called fr„n, "formerly had 3 n •"''wNNEofBath. 'nEfl«,focaliedfro, CAS CAT ,own cf , Lot river A- 20 N. Vcu:- Cataro, of Ca. ARFAG' the Mo- It is the rfagnar.Jj chio) 17 France, ver Alps, 1 27 miles ■ Italf, in liles E of ] |Spnin,i!VJ 1 Ryfts Castelnaudary, a town of France, in the deparcmfnt of Aude, on an eminence, at the foot of which is the Royal Canal. Near this town, in 1632, marflnl Schomberg defeated the d'jke of Orleans. Caftelnaudary is 15 miles W of CarcaiTonne. Castighon«, a town of Italy, in the Mantuan, with a cadie. It was taken by the Imperialifts in 1701, but the French defeated them near it in 1706. It is 20 miles NW of Man- tua. Castile, the principal and moft opulent of the kingdoms into which Spain was formerly divided. It now forms the two provinces of Old Caftile and New Caftiie j the former having been recovered from the Moors fome time before the latter. Castile, OlD} a province of Spain, 192 miles in length, and 115 in breadth j bounded on the S by New Caftiie, on the E by Arragon and Na- varre, on the N by Bifcay and the Afturias, and on the W by Leon. Burgos is the capital. Castile, New, or Toledo, a province of Spain, bounded on the N by Old Caftiie, on the £ by Arragon and Valencia, on the S by Murcia and Andalufia, and on the W by Eftrama- dura. Its greateft extent from N to S is 2C0 miles, and from E to W 184. Madrid is the cap'tal. Castile, New, and Castili PEL Oro. See Terra Firma. Castillara, a town of Italy, in the Mantuan, fix miles N£ of Mantua. Castillon, a town of France, in thedepartmentof Gironde ; famous for a vidtory gained by the French over the Eng!i(h in 1451. It is feat- ed on the Dordogne, 25 miles E of Baurdeanx. Castle Gary, a town ofSomer- fetihire, with a maiket on Tucfday, u miles SE of Wells, and 112 W by S of London. Castle-Comb, a town of Wllt- lliire, fo c.illed from its ancient caftle. It formerly had a market. It is 12 miles NNE of Bath. Castle Hedingham, a village in Ed'ex, fo called from an ancient caf- tle, a fine tower of which, on an trrfi» nence, is ftill entire. It is feven mites SW of Sudbury. Castle-Rising, a borough in Norfolk, which had a market, now dif* ufed, on account of its hartx}ur being choked up ; and here are the ruins of a caftle. It is feven miles N£ of Lynn, and 103 NNE of London. Castletown, the capital of the Ifle of Man, with a caftle, but of no great importance, on account of its dif- tance from the rocky and fhallow har- bour. Lon. 4 35 W, lat. 53-55 N. Caston, a town In Norfolk, with a market on Monday, 10 miles N by W of Norwich, and 113 NE of Lon- don. Castor, a town of LincolnHiire, with a market on Saturday, 20 miles NE of Lincoln, and 159 N of Lon- don. Cast RES, a town of France, in the department of Tarn, In the reign of Lewis XIII, it was a kind of pro- teftant republic ; but, in 1629, its for- tifications were demolifhed. Near it are mines of Turquoife flones. It is feated on the Agout, 20 miles S of Alby. Castro, a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, 40 miles NW of Rome. Castro, a feaport of the kingdom rS Naples, (ix miles S of Otranto. Castro, a tovm of S America^ capital of the ifland of Chiloe, 180 miles S of Baldivia. Lon. 75 5 Wy lat. 42 4 S. Castro-del-Rey, a town of Spain, in Galicia. Lon. 3 24 W, lat. 43 20 N. Castro-Marino, a town of Por- tugal, in Algarva, near the mouth of the Guadiana, 55 miics S of Beja. Castro-Veregna, a town of Peru, remarkable for mines of filver, good tobacco, and wholefome air. it is 125 miles SE of Lima. Catabaw, a town belonging to the Catabaws, the only Indian nation in the ftate of S Carolina. It is feated on the river Catabaw, in 34 49 N lat. on the boundary lice between N F3 !/;»*«»<■<« CAT CAV and S Carolina, and containi 450 in> iflandonthecoaftnftheSpartofBrali), habitants. Catalonia, a province of Spain, bounded on the N by the Pyrenees j on the E and S by the Meditenanean ; «n the W by Arragon ; and on the SW by Valencia. Its greateft extent, from £ to W, is 112 miles, and from N to jB 148. Barcelona is the capita). Catania, an ancient and celebra* ted city of Sicily, ou a gulf of the with a harbour defended by feveral forts. It is 27 miles long, but not more than fix broad. Lon. 49 17 W, iat. 27 35 Catherlovch, a town of Ire< land, in the county of Catherloogh, on the river Bariow, 16 miles N£ of Kilkenny. Cathzr LOUGH, a county of Ire- land, in tl»e province of Leinfter, ag fame name, with a billiop's fee, and a miles in length, and eight in breadth ; univerfity. The church is the largeft bounded on the E by Wicklnw and in Sicily j and the organ is tnuch ad- Wexford, on the W by Queen's Coun snired by mufical connoiflfeurs. The principal ftreets of Catania are wide, /(raighr, and well paved with lava. The inhabitants are computed to be 30,000. The city ftands near Etna, by an eruption of which, in 1669, it was atmoft totally deftroyed^ and, in 1693, it was entirely fwnllowed up, by an earthquake, which buried i8,coo peo- ple in the ruins. It is 52 miles SW of Meflina. Lon. 15 29 £, lat. 57 36 N. Catanzaro, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore, with a bifhop's fee, feaifd on a mountain, 15 miles SWofBelcaftro. Cataso, a town of Venetian Dal- matia with a caftle, and a hi/hop's fee ; feated n the gulf of Cataro, 30 miles Wof.S -.ari. Cateau. SeeCHATEAV Gam- BRZSIS. ""Catecate, a gulf between Swe- den and Denmark, by which the Bal- tic communicates with the ocean. CATHARINENSLAF,Or£CATER- xiNENSLAF, a government of the Rufllan empire, divided into two pro- vinces ; namely, Catharinenflaf, which includes New Ruflia and the Ute go- verament of Afoph } and Taurida, which includes the Crimea. Catharinenslae, the capital of the province of the fame name, built by the prefent emprefs of RuHia. It IS feated near the confluence of the Kiltzin and Samara. Its name ligni- tes, The glory of Catharine ; and it is J78 miles NE of Clierfon. Loo. 35 J5 E, lat. 47 23 N> Cathar»m'<, St. th« principal ty and Kilkenny ; and on the N by Kildare. It contains 42 parilhes, and fends llx members to parliament. Catmamdu, the capital of Na- paul, in Hindooftan Proper, 445 miles £ of Delhi. Lon. 84 51 £, lat. 28 6N. Catouhe, Cape, the NE pro. montory of Yucatan, in N America, where the Englilh adventurers from Jamaica firft attempted to cut logwood. Lon. 86 30 W, lat. 22 10 N. See Honduras. CATTAcr, or Cottace, tin capital ef OrifTa, a province of Hin. dooftan, in the Dcccan, feated on the river Mabanuddy, near its entrance in- to the bay of Bengal, 220 miles SW of Calcutta. Lon. 86 i £, lat. 29 51 N. Cattarick, a village, nrar Richmond, in the W riding of York- ihire. It has a bridge over the river Swale, and a fort of cataradt. It ap-. pears to have been a great city in the time of the Romans, one of whole highways crofled the river here, on tlie banks of which are the foundations of great walls, and an artificial mount. Many coins and urns have been dug up here. The final deftrudlion of this city was by the Danes. Catwvck, a village of Hoi land, oa the German Ocean, near which the only branch of the Rhine that retains its original name, is loft in the Sands. It is fix miles N by W of Leydcn. Cava, a town tf (^Naples, in Prin- cipato Citeriore, with a bi/hop's fee} feated ajc the foot of Moant Me;elia% three miles W of Suierno, Cavaillok, in Vcnaijiin, wii then fubjedl to ei on the Dura Avignon. Cavan, a boi pifal of the count NW of Dublin. 54 51 N. Cavan, a cour province of UifJer 3!id 23 in breadth' by Fermanagh and E by the latter cou the W by LeitrJm, I'Ongford, Weft Meath. It has but note, Cavan and I members to parJian 37 pari/hes. Caucasus, a cl which extend from the Cafplan. They Afiaj the.'r tops alw fnow. They arc in diftinft nations, eacl ferent language j nai »ans. the Abkhas.l fJeO/n, theKifti, the Georgians. Caucasus, a go ruffian empire, divl provinces of Aftraca [ne province of Ca Jje Cuban, and all J ^d S, now in «'ilJa, betwentherlv ban, and between the tne Cafpian, extendi corines of Georgia. *-AlDEBEC, a [o^^i Of France, in t wwer Seine, at thv f !?'"» near the Seine, Rouen. CAVVEjiy, orCAl 'lie peninfula Of Hindoo '.mong the Gauts, an .J'ngapatan, and Tanj( ^ of Bengal, by fevei '"'"n Cuddalore and T l-AviNA, afeaport( f^n,lk, with a ftrono a,/^-o miles ^ V^^'j^/^V, CAV Cavaillon, a town of Francf, in Venaiilin, with a late epifcopal fee, then fubjeA to the pope. It is feat- ed on tiie Durancei lo miles S£ of Avignon. Cavan, a borough of Ireland, ca- pital of the county of Cavan, 60 miles NW of Dublin. Lon. 7 23 W, lat. 54 51 N. Cavan, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulfter, 47 miles in length, and 23 in breadth, bounded on the N CED Cavns, La> a town of France, In the department of Tarni 21 miles NE of Caftres. Cautzrits, a village of France^ in the department of the Upper Py- renees, noted for its mineral water* It is 18 miles SW of Bagneres. Cawood, a town in the E riding of York/hire, with a market on Wed- nefday, iz miles S of York, and 186 NW of London. Caxamalca, a town of S Ame- A. by Fttmanagh and Monaghan, on the rica^ in Peru, capital of a territory of E by the latter county and Louth, on ' " the W by Leitrlm, an4 on the S by Longford, Weft Mcath, and Eaft Meach. It has but two towns of any note, Cavan and Kilmjre j fends fix and contains members to parliament j j7 parllhes, Caucasus, a chain of mountains, which extend from the Black Sea to the Cafpian. They arc the higheft in Afia ; their tops always covered with fnow. They arc inhabited by feven diftinA nations, eacl. fpeaking a dif- ferent language ; namely, the Turco- mans, the Abkbas, the Circailians, the Ofli, the Kifti, the Lefguis, and the Georgians. Caucasus, a goveriint»ent of the Ruffian empire, divided into the two provinces of A(tracan and Caucafus. Tlie province of Caucafus comprifes the Cuban, and all that diftridt to the £ and S, now in the poHeflion of RjlTia, betwen the rivers Don and Cu- ban, and between the Black Sea and the Cafpian, extending as far as the cunfines of Georgia. Caudebec, a populous trading town of France, in the department of Lower Seine, at the foot of a moun- tain, near the Seine, 18 miles NW of Rouen. Cauve^y, or Caver y, a river of the peninfuiaofHindooftan, which rife" among the Gauts, and watering Se- ringapatam and Tanjore, enters the bay of Bengal, by feveral mouths, be- tween Cuddalore and Tritchinopoiy. Cavina, a feaport of the ifland of Manilla, with a ftrong caftle, and a dock. It is 10 miles from the city of M«:iilla. the fame name. Here Pizarro, 1532, perfidioufly feised the inca tahuhalpha, and the next year, after x mock trial, caufed him to be publicly executed. It is 900 miles NNE, of Lima. Lon. 74 $3 W, lat. 7 25 S. Caxtok, a town in Cambridge- ftilrr, with a market on Tuefday, 10 miles W by S cf Cambridge, and 49 N of London. Cava, a river of Portugal, which rifes near Portalegre, and running SE, divid'.'S Spain from Portugal, aud fallt Into the Guadiana, at Badajoz. Cayenne, a town and ifland of S America, capital of the French fet« tlements there, bounded on the N by Surinam. It lies at the mouth of the river Amazon ; and the French have given it the title of Equinoctial France, from its (ituation nearly under the line* It is 45 miles in circumference, and the anchorage for veflels is between Cape Ceperou in the ifland, and thac of Corbin in Terra Firma. The . French fettled here in 1635, butkft it in 1654, and it was fucceflively in the poflefllon of the Englifli, French, and Dutch ; but the latter were ex- pelled by the French in 1677. Cay- enne pepper, fugar, and coffee, are the principal commodities. Lon. 52 15 W, lat. 4 56 N. Cebu, one of the moft foutherly of the Philippine Iflands.. Cedar Creek, a water of James River in Virginia, in the county of Rockbridge, remarkable for its natural bridge, on the afcent of a hill, which feems to have been cloven through its length by fome great convulfion. The fiffuve, juft at Uie bridge, is 250 feet F 4 CEN CES deep, 45 wide at the bottom, and 90 marqulfate of Sufa from the Mori- at the top. This, of ccurfe, deter- anne. Genu, a town of Terra Firma, eight miks S of Carthagena. Ceram, an ifl-uid in thrc Indian Ocean, one of the Moluccas, to the Wof New Guinea. It isamounti'iious and woody countiv, and the Dutcli have a fortrcfs to defend the Spice li'- lands, hiving dcitroyed tlic c'dve tiees here. Lon. fiom 126 to 129" E, lat, 3 o S. Cerdagna, a fmall dJftii£>, piuf. ly of Spain, in Catalonia, and partly of France, in the department of the Eaftern Pyrenees. Puyccrda is the capital of the Spanilh oart, and Mont Louis of the French. Cerenza, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citeriore,- witli a biflif p's fee j feated or a rock, la miles NW of St. Sevcrino, Ce RET, a town of France, In the department of the Enftern Fyronecs, with a magnificent bridge over the Tet. It is 12 miles from Perpignan. Cerigo, an ifland of the Archi- pelago, to the S jf the Morea, and to the N of Candia, formerly known by the name of Cythcrea. It is 45 milei in circumference, and has a town of the fame nan^.e. Lon. 23 22 E, lat. 36 20 N. C r a I N E s , a feaport of Cyprus, with a caftli', and a Greek birfiop's fee, Lon. 33 3SE, lat. 35 59 N. Cerney, North, a village in Cloucerterfliire, near which Cirei). ceflcr races arc run. In an adjacent field is a camp of confiderablc extent. It is four miles from Cirenceftcr. Certosa, a celebrated Caithuf.an monaftery, in the duchy of Milnn, , four miles from Pavia. Its pnrk is I f'irrounded by a wall 20 miici in cir- cumference, and contiiins fcvernl vil- lages. Cervera, a town of Spain, in Ca- talonia, on a river of the fame name, 22 miles NW of Tarrigona. Ci:RViA, a feiiport of Italy, in Ro- m:ignn, with a bifh ip't. fre, on tli« gulf of Venice, jo miles SE of Ra- venm. CitENA, a town ofIt.>!y, In'»»' mines the length of the bridge, and its height from the water. Its breadth in the middle is about 60 feet, but more at the ends, and the thicknefs of the mafs at the fummit of the arch, about 40 feet. A part of this thick- nefs is conftitutcd by a coat of earth, which gives growth to many large trees. The reTidue, with the hills on koth /Ides, is one folid rock oflime- ilone. This bridge gives name to the county of Rockbridge, and affords a commodious pafTage over a valley, which cannot be crofled elfewhere for Z ccnfldcrable diftance. Ce DONGA, a town of Naples, in Principnto Ulteriore, with a bifhop's fee, at the foot of the Appennines, 37 miles NW of Melfi. CEFALONiAjaconfiderableiflandof the Mediterranean, onthe coaft of Li- ▼adia, and oppofice the gulf of L'"puii- to. It is fertile in 0.1, andexceJlentMuf- cndine wine. It is fubjeft to the Ve- netians, and the capital is of the fame name. Lon. 20 36 E, iat. 38 22 N. Cefalu, a feaport of Sicily, in the valley of Demona, with a caftle, and a bifhop's fee. Lon. 13 58 E, lat. 38 25 N. Cei^ano, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ulteriore, a mile from the liike cf Celano. Lon. 13 39 E, lat. 41 56 N. Celebes, or Macassar, an if- fand in the Indian Ocean, to the E of Borneo. The heat would be infup- portablc but for the N winds, and the rains, which conft.Uitly fall five days before and after the full moons, and during two months that the fun is nearly vertical. The fruits are ripe all the year. The natives are Mahome- tans, and the beft foldicrs in thefe iiarts. The Dutch have rtron.; forts leic, by whicii they kc'[i the jintivcs in awe. Lon. from Ji6 to 124" E, lat. from i 30 N to 5 30 S. Cenada, an ancient town of Italy, in Trevifana, with a bifhop's lee, 18 miles N of Trevigio. Cenis, a mountain, which Is n part cf the Alps, and frp.irates the narmn, which Is i : Mori- Flrmaj : Indian 5, to the iiiM'iunis e L'utcli Spice li- dve tices f E, Ut. ii(£>, pmt- ind partly lit of the da is the and Mont Naples m fh' p's fee i SW of St. nee, in the , Pyrenees, /ertheTet. nan. the Archi- irea, and to known by is 45 miles a town of az E, lat. Cyprus, with [i (hop's fee. IN. village in lich Ciicn- 1 an adjacent iblc. extent. Iceftcr. Caithuf.an of Milan, [its p:irk is [Viico in »■■'■'• Ifcveral viU lain, in Ca- lame narnCi la. taty, inRo- Itc, on tlic IbE of Ri- l\!v, in'»' CE Y m.ignfi* with a biihop's fee, on the river Savio, 15 miles SE of Ravenna. Cr.TTE, a feaport of Frapce, in the departnnent of Herault, feated at ihe pl?.ce where the Canal of Langue- doc begins, between Montpellier and Ai'd^, on the Mediterranean. Loii. 3 42 E, lat. 43 23 N. Ceva, a town of Piedmont, on the T.\naro, with a fort, eight miles SE of Mondovi. Cevennes, a mountainous coun- try in the S of France, in which, after the revocation of the edidt of Nantes, a remnant of the perfecu:ed Hugue- nots took refuge. Here, under the name of Camifards, they led a favage life with the rude natives. In 1701, encouraged by the prom'.fes of the confederates, they revolted, and for fometime were fuccefsful againft the generals fent to reduce them} and marlhal Viliars deigned tb enter into treaty with them. Sufpefting, how, ever, the llncerity of the court, they broke off the negociation, and, Viliars being recalled, the duke of Berwick took the command, and, iu 1705, finally fubdued them. Ceuta, a feaport of Africa, with a biihop's fee. John, king of Portu. g.il, took it from the Moors, in 1415, b t It now belongs to Spain. It is I'catcd on the llraits of Gibraltar. Lon.. 5 20 W, lat. 35 50 N. Ckylon, an ifland in the Indian Cccan, 250 miles in length, and 195 in breadth. In general^ the air is very good J and though the country is full of mountains, there are fertile vallics. It is remarkable, for abundance of cin- nanwn, which is all in the pofTeffion ofiiie Duri.h, who expelled the Por- itujii'Je. Here arc rich mines of ru- bKis, fapphires, topazes, &c. In the kingdom of Candy is plenty o.' very lirge cardamons. The pepper here is (og'oJ, that it fells dearer than that 1 01 other places. One of the moft re. Imirbble trees in Ceylon is the talli- Ipt, which grows ftraight and tall, and lis as big as the mart of a fhip : the jbesare io large as to cover 15 or ao Iten; when dried, they are round, lind fold up like a fan. The natives CHA wear a piece of the leaf on their head when they travel, to (hade them from the fun, and they are fo tough, that they are not eafily torn, though thofc that wear them make their way through the woods and bufiief. Every foldiei* carries one, and it ferves for his tent. Of the animal tribes, we muft be con- tent to obferve, that this ifland is moft famous for its elephants \ the tame elephant of Ceylon being more efteem* ed than any other in the Indies, not only on account of their gigantic bulky, and the beauty of their ivory, but for their remarkable docility. The inha^ bitants are pagans j and have their dif- ferent calls, from the nobleman to the maker of mats. The Dutch are pof- felfed of the principal places along the coaft. Lon. from So to 8x'^ E, 'at. from 6 to 10° N. CHABtAis, a province of Savoy, bounded on the N by the lake of Ge- neva, on the E by Vallais, on the S by Faucigny, and on the W by the Ge— nevoi§. Thonon is the capital. CHAfiLis, a town of France, in the department of Yonne, remarkable for- white wines.. It is 15- miles from Auxerre.. Chactaws, or Flat Heads, a tribe of Indians, between the rivers Alaba- ma and Miflifljppi, in the W part of Georgia. They h;jive 43 towns and villages, containing 12,113 foLls, of which 4,041 are fighting men. CHACKfooLi Bay, a bay !«• Norton Sound, difcovered by capt. Cook in 1778. Lon. 161 47 W, lat. 64 31 N. CHAGRt, a fort of S America, in the province of Darien, at the mouth of a river of the (ame name, to the SW of Porto- Bello.. It was taken by ad- miral Vernon in 1 740. Lon. 80 7 W, lat. 9 20 Ni Chais-Dieu, a town of France, in the department of Upper Loire, isb. miles E of Brioude. Chai,ons-sur-Saone, an ancient city of France, in the department of S.vjne and Loire, lately an epifcopal fee. It is the ftaplc of iron for Lyons and St. Etienne, and of the wines for «x- ' portation. Here are various Indiiatiooa r 5 CHA of Roman magnificence, particularly the ruins of an amphitheatre. The city contains the Old Town, the New Town, and the fuburbs of St. Law- rence. It is feated on the Saone, 35 miles S of Dijon. Chalons-sur-Maknz, a city of France, in the department of Marne, lately an epifcopal fee. It contains 15,000 inhabitants, who carry on a confiderable trade in ihalloons and other woollen ftufFs, It is feated on the rivers Marne, Mau, and Nau, 40 miles SW of Verdun, and 95 E of Paris, Chamb, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, capital of a coun- ty of the fame name, and feated on the river Chamb, 37 miles N£ of Katiibon. Chamberry, 'a populous town, the capital of Savoy, with a caftle. It hast large fuburbs, and in the centre of the town is the ducal palace. It was taken by the French in 1792. It h 85 miles NW ot Turin. Lon. 5 50 2, Jat.45 35 N. CuAMBrRSBXTRG, the capital of the county of Franklin, in Pcnnfyl- vaoia. Lon. 77 41 W, lat. 39 56 N. Ckambort, a late royal palace of France, nine miles £ of Btois, built ky Francis II.. King Staniilaus re(i- ded here nine years ; and it was the re- treat of marfhai Saxe, who died here in 17 50. CvAMONO, a town of France, In the department of Rhone and Loire, with a caftle on the river Giez, 17 mUes from Lyons. Champacnc, a late province of France, 162 miles in length, and iia in breadth } bounded on the N by Nainault and Luxemburg, on the E tty Lorrain and Franc he Comte, on the S hy Bui:^undy, and on the W by the Ifle of Frince and Soiffoanois. It now forms the departments of Ardennes, Aubc, Marne, and Upper Marni. Champlain, Lakx, a lake of N America, which divides New York from Vermont. It is 80 miles long, ind 14 in its broadeft part. Lon. 74 30 W, lat. 45 o N. 'CuA|icKA| a town ofEgypty five CHA miles from Cairo, at the entrance of the defer., which leads to Mount Sinai. Chanda, a city of Berar, in the Deccan of Hindooftan, futjedl to the chief of the ^ iftern Malirattas. It is feated on a branch of the Godaverj-, 70 miles S of Nagpour. Lon. 79 40 £, lat. 20 10 N. Chandernagore, a large town of Bengal.. It is a French fettlement, and had a very ftrong fort, deftroyed by admiral Watfon in 1757 ; and in J 79 3, the Englifli again difpoflcfled the French of this fettlement. It ij feated on the river Hoogly, a little NNW of Calcutta. . Ckang-hai, a village of CI "na, in the province of Kiang-nan. In this village alone, and the villages de- pendent on *t, are more than 200,000 weavers of common cotton cloth. Chang- TOKO, a maritime pro. vince of China, on the eaftern'coaft. It contains fix cities of the firft, and 1 14 of the fecond and third clafics. It is traverfed by the river Yun, or grand imperial Canal. The capital is Tfu nan>fou. Chanmannino, a city of Thi- bet, which has been the refidence of the grand lama. It is 130 miles Wof LafTa. Lon. 89 45 F, lat. 31 N. Channeray, a village of Rofs> fhire, near the frith of Murray, for. merly a biihop's fee. It is 30 milrs W of Elgin, the fine cathedral of which town is called Channeray church, it having been intended, it is faid, to be built here. Chan-si, one of the fmallefl pro. 1 vinces of China, bordering on the 1 great wall. It is full of mountains, j fome of which are tininhabited, anii I have a wild and frightful appearance n but the reft are cultivated with cars, and cut into terraces from top to hot. torn. Chan-G contains five cities of I the firft clafs, and 85 of tht fecond j and third. The capital Is Tai yuen. fou. CHANTittY, a town of FranceJ 17 miles from ii*aris f celebrated for a| fine forcft and magnificent huniing' feat, wKltih belonged to the prince «f| Coodct America, in fiiver mines in th.- cajjital. Chard, a ( with a market ( the fide of a Ciewkcrne, au don. Chare NTi France, includi Angoumois. It which rifes in 1 goulefme and 5 thebayof Bifca capital. Charente ment of France, late provinces of Saintes is the ca Charentoi S of Paris, once t«'it church, ani Seine. Charite, L « the depaitflK 1 1 C H A Chao-hing-fou, a cityof Chlnaf, in tlie province of Tche-kiang. It has eight cities of the third ranic under its jurifdidion. The inhabiunts of this diftridV are faid to be the greateft adepts in chicanery of any in China. Indeed, they are fo well verfed in the laws, that the governors of the provin- ces and great mandarins choofe their fccretaries from among them. Chao-tcheo-fou, the fecond city of the province of Qnang»tong in China, fituate between two navigable- rivers, a:id celebrated foe a monnftery of the bcnzes in its neighbourhood. Lon. ]I4 22 £, lat. 25 o N. Chafarang, or DsArRONC, a city of Thibet, feated on the fouchern head of the G ini.es, not far from lake Manfaroar. Lon. 78 42 E, lat. 34 o N. Ch ^PIL•'IN-FR^TH, a town in Derbyihire, which had once a market. Ic is feated on the utmoft confines of the l^eak, 17 miles SE ofManchelter, and 165 NNW of London. Char A BON, a feaport on the N conft of Java, 1 30 miles E of Batavia. Lon. 109 10 £, lat. 6 o Sk Charcos, Los, a province of S America, in Peiu. It has the fineft fi'.ver mines in the world. La I'lata is th.: cafiitaU Chard, a town In §omerfetfliire, with J market on Monday; feated on the fide of a hill, fix miles W of Ciewlccrne, and 141 W by S of Lon< don. Charxntx, a department of France, including the late province of Angoumois. It is named from a river, which rifes in Limofin, runs by An- goulefme and Suintec, and falls into the b^y of Bifcay. Angoulefme is the capital. Charente, Lower, a depart- ment of France, confiding. of the two late provinces of Aunis and Saintongc. Saintes is the capital. Charenton, a town,, four miles S of Paris, once famous for its protef- tant church| and feated on the river Seine. Chariti, La, a town of France, in tb« dcfaxtmcnt of NUvrei f«ated CHA ^ on the Loire. Its fituatlon on the road from Paris to Lyons, and the canal of Briare, has made its trade very brifk. Here are forges for converting the iron in the neighbourhc 3d into fteel» a wooII;n manufactory, aid another for arms, helmets, and Lc:dware in general. The iiibarb is fituate in a kind of ifland, which forms about a fourth of the town. The ilone bridge communicating with it was ruined by the melting of the ice in 1789. The moft remarkable edifice in this town is the priory of the late Benediftine Cluniftes. When we confider the vaft riches of this monaftery, we ihould not forget, at the fame time, that, in a fea- fon of fcarcity, the whole town has fubfifted upon its bounty ; and hence it derives its name. It is 15 miles N of Nevers. Charlemont, a borough ofIre> land, in the county of Armagh, feat- ed on the river Hiackwater, fix miles- S of Dungannon. Charlemont, a fortified town, in the county of Namur, ceded to the French by the treaty of Nimeguen. h is feated on the Meufe, 25 miUs SW of Namur. Charle&oy, a town of the Auf- trian Netherlands, in the county of Namur. It has been often taken and: retaken, the laft time by the French,, in 17^4. It is feated on the Sambre,. 18 miles W of Namur. Chaalxs, Cape, a p*omontory of Virginia, on the N fide of Chefa- peak Bay. Lon. 75 50 W, lat. 37 12 N. Charles, Caps, a promontory,, on the SW part of the ftrait entering i. to Hudfon's Bay. Lon. 75 15 W, lat. 62 10 N. Charles, Fort, afortrefs of Ire- land, at the entrance of Kinfale har^ hour. Lon. 2 23 W, lat 51 i N. Charleston, a fertport, the capi- tal of S Carolina. In 1787, there were i6co houfei, 9600 white inhabitants, and 5400 negroes. It is feated on a^ pcninfuia, formed by the rivers Afbley and Cooper. Lon. 79 30 W, lat. 32. 50 N. Charlist«n> a (own of N Amir- F 6 CH A tica, in the ftate of Rhode Ifland and county of Waihingtor. It is lemarka- ble for being the refidence of the great- er part of the Indians that ftill remain (to the number of 500) in this ftate. They are peaceable and well difpofed toward the government, and fpcak the -Sngli-fh language. Charlestc.v, a town on the SW fide of the iflandof Nevis, in the Weft Indies. It is the feat of government, and is defended by a fort. Charieton, an ifland in Hud- fon's Bay. Lon. 79 5 W, lat. 52 3 N. Charlevillk, a borough of Ire- land, in the county of Cork, 30 miles N of Cork. Charleville, a handfome town of France, in the department of the Ardennes, fcated oi! the Meufe, near Mezieres, from which it is feparated by a bridge and a caufeway. It is 15 miles NW of Sedan, and ^15 NE of Paris. Charley, a town of LancaHiIre, with a market on Tuefday, fix ipiies SE of Prefton, and 7,03 NW of Lon- don. Charlotte - Town, formerly Roseau, the capital of Dominica, 21 miles SE of Prince Rupert's Bay, on a point of land on the SW fide of the if- land. Lon. 61 25 W, lat. 15 25 N. Charlottesville, a town of Virginia, on James P^ivcr. Charlton, a village in Kent, on an eminence that commands a fine view of the Thames. It is famous for an annual fair on St, Luke's day, cal- led Hoin Fa'"", in which horn wares are fold, anu ihf mob wear horns on their heads. Tr .dirion traces its ori- gin to king John, who, being deteft- ed in an amour here, was obliged, it is faid, to appeafe ihc huflband, by a grant of all the land from this plrce to Cuckold's Point 5 and he eftabiflicd the fair as the tenure. In this parifti, on Blackhcath, is Morden College, a nohle inftitution for decayed n^erchants, fcunded by fir John Morden, bart. a Turkey merchant. Charlton is fix miles ISE of London. Chahmis, a town of France, !a CH A the department of the Vofges, feated on the Mofelle, over which is a hand- fome bridge. It is eight miles E of Mirecourt. Charnwood, or Charley Fo- rest, a rough open traft in the NW part of Leicefterfhire. Charolles, a town of France, in the department or Saone and Loire, feated on the ri',er Reconce, 24 milea WNW of Macon. Charost, a town of France in the department of Indre, feated on the Arnon, fix miles NE of Iflcudun. ChartreS; an ancient ciry of France, in the department of Eure and Loire. It is an epifcopal fee, and, before the abolition of nobility in France, gave the title of duke to the eldeft ion of the duke of Orleans, The principal trade confifts in com. It is feated on the Eure, 45 miles SW of Paris. Chartreuse, or, The Grand Chartreuse, lately one of the moft celebiated monafteries in France- eight miles N of Grenoble. It is feat- ed on the top of a high mountain, which ftands in a plain, three miles in length, having only one entrince. It was the chief of the monafteries of the order of Chnrtreux ; but is now converted into a kind of arfenal. Charybdis, a whirlpool, jopacrs diameter, in the ftraitof Meflina, be- tween Italy, and Sicily. It is faid to have been entirely removed by the earthquake in 1783. Chateau-Brian T, a town of France, in the department of Lower Loire, with an old caftle, 24 miles S of Rennes. Chateau-Cameresis, a town of France, in the department of the North w/ith a palace, which belonged to the late archiepi fcopal fee of Ciim- bray. It is famous for a treaty conclu- ded between Henry II of France ai i Philip II of Spain, and is 12 miles i>G of Cambray. CHATEAU-CniNON, a town of France, in the department of Nievre, with a confiderable manufaftory of cloth. It is feated on the YoRne, 36 miles £ of Nevers. Chateai Piedmont, in ces; taken I and reftored ij Chateau FrancL', in the mous for a fie^ the count of jvi Loir, 22 mile: W of Paris. Chateau! of France, in t and Loire, E holy chapel, bu f Dunois, Ii nence, near thi Blois, and 72 S Chateau-) France, in the feated on the riv tie. It has a m confifts jn linen NW of Angers, Chateau-1 France, in the and Marne, featc S 0/ Nemours, a: Chateauli: in the departme miles N of Quim zon, where there Chateau-M of France, in the nine miles E of L ciltie, with a tow built by Julius Ce Chateaunei in the department S of Bourges. CuATEAUNfi in the departmcnc n miles NE of C _ ChAT£AUNEU I" the department ( felted on the Sat Angers, Chateau-Re France, in the de ai'i Liiif, 20 mile and 88 8 W of Pari Cmateaurouj- recently erefted inl of the department "ftle. It has a ma CH A CH A Chateau-Dauphin, a caftle of and h feated on the Indrc, r5 milei Piedmont, in the marquifate of Salu- SW of KToudun, and 148 S of Paris, ces; taken by the French in 1744, Chateau-Thierry, a town of and reltored in 1748. France, in the department of Aifne, Chateau-du-Loir, a town of with a caftle on an eminence, feated France, in the department of Sarte, fa- on the river Maine. It Is 27 miles mous for a fiege of (even years againft SW of Rheims, and 97 NW of Paris,. the count of Mans. It is feated on the Cha vel, a town of France, in thq- Loir, zz miles S£ of Mans, and 97 department of the Vofges, feated on W of Paris, the Mofeile, eight miJes from Mirc- Chateaudun, an ancient town court, of France, in the department of Eure CnATEt-CHALON, a town of and Loire. Here is a caftle, and a France, in the deparment of Jura, re- holy chapel, built by the famous count markable f )r its late Benediftine nun- f Dunois. It is feated on an emi- ncry, 20 m'les S of Dole. nence, near the Loir, 30 miles N of Blois, and 72 SW of Paris. Chateau-Gontier, a town of Fiance, in the department of Maine, ieated on the river Maine, with a caf- Chatelleb ault, a town of ^rance, in the department of Vienne, feated on the river Vienne, over which is a handfome ftone bridge. It^ is noted for its cutlery, watch-making,, tie. It has a mineral fpring; its trade and the cutting of falfe diamonds. It confifts -in linens 5 and it is zs miles gives the title of duke to the Scotch NW of Angers, and 147 SW of Pajis. duke of Hamilton. It is 22 miles NB Chateau-Landon, a town of of Poitiers, and i63 SW of Paris. France, in the department of Seine Chatham, a town of Kent, ad-- and Marne, feated on a hill, five miles joining Rochefter, and feated on the S of Nemours, and 50 S by E of Paris. Medway. It is one of the principal Chateaulin, a town of France, ftations of the royal navy; and the in the department of Finifterre, 18 yards and magazines are furnifl>ed with miles N ofQuimper, on the river Au- zon, where there is a falmon firfiery. Chateau-Meillant, a town of France, in the department of Cher, niie miles E of La Chatre. Here is a ciltie, with a tower, faid to have been built by Julius Cefar. all forts of naval ftores. In 1667,^ the Dutch failed up to this town, and burnt feveral men of war : but the cntrani* into the Medway is now de- fended by Sheernefs and oiher forts j and, in 1757, additional fortifications were begun at Chatham. It has a Chateauneuf, atownofFrance, market on Saturday, achurch, a cha- in the department of Chtr, J 6 miles S of Bourges. Chateauneuf, a town of France, in the department of Eure and Loire, U miles NE of Charues. Chateauneuf, atownofFrance, in the department of Maine and Loire, pel of eafe, and_ a fhip ufed as a church, for the failors. It is 31 miles ESE of London. ChATILLON - LES - DOMBES, 3 town of France, in the department cf Ain, 12 miles W of Bourg. CHATILtON-SUR-lNDRE, 3 tOWn feated on the Sarte, 12 miles from of France, in the department of Indte, Angers. 10 miles S of Loches. Chatkau-Renaud, a town of Chatillon - sua - Marne, a France, in the department of Indre town of France, in the department of ami Liire, 20 miles NW of Amboifc, Marne, 17 miles S of Rheims. and 8? SW of Paris. Chatillon-sur-Seine, atown Chateauroux, atownofFrance, of Fiance, in the departn-.-nt of Cote recently erefted into the epifcopal fee d'Or, divided into two by the Seine, of the department of Indre, with a It has ironworks in its neighbourhood, caftle. It has a manufa^iury of cloth, and is 36 miles NW of Dijon. CHE CHAToq.ui, a lake of N America, In zhc ftate oi New York. Ic is the fource of the river ConawoHgo, which runsinto the Allegany. The lower end of it, whence the river proceeds, is in lat. 42 10 N. From tht NW of this lake to lake Erie is nine miles. ChatrS) La, a town of France, in the department of Indre, feated on the liver Indre, 37 miles from Bourges. It has a confiderable trade in cattle. Ckatsworth Park, amaghifi. cent feat of the duke of Devonfliire's, in the Peak of Derbyfliire, of which it is reckoned one of the Wonders. It is feated on the river Dcrwent, 11 miles N of Matlock, and 151 NNW of London. Chaves, a town of Portugal, in the province of Tra-los- Monies, feat- ed at the foot of a mountain, on the river Tamega. It has two fuburbs and two forts. Betwi;en the town and tlic fuburb Magdalena, is an old Roman ftonc bridge. It is 30 miles SW of Bragansa. 'Chaumont, a town of France, in the department of Upper Marne, felted on a mountain, near the river Marne, 14 miles S of Joinville. Chaumont^ a town of France, In the department of Or&, 30 miles NW of Paris. Chavny, a Dwn of France,, in the department of Ail'ne,' on the river Oife, ao miles E of Noyon, Che a OLE, a town In Staffordihire, With a market on Saturday, ii miles NE of Stafford. Chkam, a village in Surry, adjoin- ing^ whidi is the file of the village of Codington, or Cudington, where Henry Till built the famous palace of Non> fuch. It was a favourite residence of queen Elifabeth j but being granted by Charles II to the duchefs of Cleveland, (he pulleddown the ho'ife, and difpark • ed the land. Cheam is 13 miles S by W of London. Chkbukio HARBouft, aharbour near Halifax, in Nova Scotia* Lod.. 63 18 W, lat. 44 45 N. Ch&dder, a village of Somerfet- ihire, famous for its cheefcs* it i« three miles £ of Axhtldifi* CHE Chedworth, a village of Glou> cefter/hire, four miles SW of North Leach, Atuate on the declivity of two hills. In this parifli, in 1760, a Ro. man bath was difcovered. There h a tumulus on a hill near this bath. Cheitore, or Oudipour, one of the principal of the Rajpoot ftates, in Hindooftan Proper. It confifts, in general, of high mountains, divided by narrow vallies, or of plains environed by mountains, acceflible only by narrow palles or defiles j yet having an extent of arable land fufllicient for the fupport of a numerous population, and bleiTed with a mild climate, between 24 and 28° N latitude. This country is tri* butary to the Mahrattas. Cheitore, or Ovdipgur, a town, in a province of the fame name, in Hindooftan Proper. It was the capita! of the Rana, or chief prince of the Rajpoots, in the days of his greatnefs j. and was a fotUtd and city of great extent,. Htuate on a rnoun* tain J but it has been in ruins fince the time of Auiungzebe, in 1681. It it 1 20 miles S by £ of Nagpour. Lon. 74 56 £, lat. 25 21 N. C H E L M , a town of Poland, in Red Ruflia, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a bi /hop's fee. It is 100 miles ESE of Warfaw. Lon. 2] 29 £, lat. 51 20 N. C ti £ L M E R, a river of EfTex, which rifes near Thaxted,.and flows by Dun<- mow and Chelmsford to Maiden, where it joins the Blackwater, ani forming the eftuary called Blackvtrater Bay, or Maiden W-ater,, enters the German Ocean. Chelmsford') the county.towni of EfTex, fituate at the confluence ot' the Chelmer and Can, with a large market on Friday for cattle and corn. It confifts of the town and hamkt of Mounham, parted from each other by. the river Can, over which is an elegant fh>ne bridge of one arch. In the town are the church, a- magni6cent fliir;- h.oufie, a freefchool, a' new conduit, and a neat theatre : : the hamlet contains the new county-gaol, and three meet^^ ingrhoufes. In 1793, an ad was oh. Ulaed| to make the Chelmer navig.able CHE hence to Maiden. Chelmsford is zi miles WSW of Colchcfter, and %g £N£ of London. Lon. o 33 E, lat. 5« 43 N. Chelsea, a village in Middiefez, on the Thames, one mileWof Weft- minfter ; remarkable for its magnifi- cent hofpital for the invalids of the army, and for the noble rotundo in the garden of Ranelagh Houfe, a place of faihionabie amufement in the fummer evenings, and the fineft ftrudlure of the kind in Europe. Here is alfo an excellent phyfic garden, belonging to (he company of apothecaries. Cheltenham, a town of CIou- cedtfrfhire, with a market on Thurfday. It is noted for its mineral waters, which are fomewhat like thofc of Scarborough j and is nine miles NE of Gloucefter, and 95 W by N of Lon- don. Lon. z 21 W, lat. 51 55 N. Chilvm, a river of Hindooftan Proper, being the wefternmoft of the five eaAern branches of the Indus. It waters Cafhmere^ and joins the Indus below Moultan. It is the famous Hy- dafpes of Alexander. Chen- SI, one of the moft exten- five provinces of China, bordering on the great wall. It is divided into two parts, the eailern and weftern, and contains eight /om, or cities of the firft rank, and 106 of the fecond and third. It is fertile, commercial, and licb, but fubje£t to long droughts ; and clouds of iocufts fumetimes de- Itroy every thing that grows in the fields : thefe infe£ts the Chinefe eat boiled. In Chen-si, are rich gold mines, which, for political reafons, are not allowed to be opened. Si - ngan- fou is the capital. Chln-yan, orMouG'DXN, the capital of Eailern Chinefe Tartary (or country of the Mantchew Tartars) and of a department of the fame name, which ia bounded on the S by the grpit wall of China. Chepslio, an illand in the bay of Panama, three miles from the city o£ Panama, which it fupplies with pro- vifions and I'ruit. i.on. 80 J 5 W, Ut. 8 46 N, CHE CHEPST0W,a town of Monmouth- fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the fide of a hill, on the "Wye, near its confluence with the Severn. It was formerly a confider- ablc place, and had a large caftle on a rock, a d a priory, part of which is converted into a church. It has a handfume hi^h bridge over the river, and fends provifions, &c. to Briftol. This town is walled round, and the ftreets are broad and well paved. The tide is faid to rife higher here than in any otiier part of Europe, fwclling to 50 or 60 feet perpendicular. Chep* ftow is 18 miles N of Briltol, and 127 W of London. Cher, a department of France, in» eluding part of the late province of Berry. It receives its name from the Cher, which rifes in Auvergne, and falls into the Loire, below Tours* Bourges is the capital. Cher AS CO, a town of Piedmont^ capital of a territory of the fame name, with a ftrong citadel, to which the duke of Savoy retired in 1706, during the fiege of Turin. It is feated at the confluence of the Sturia and Tanaro, upon a mountain, 24 miles S£ of Turin. Cherbourg, afeaportofFrance^ in the department of the Channel. It is remarkable for the engagement be- tween the-EngUfh and French fleet» in 1692, when the latter were bear,, and upward of twenty of their men of war burnt near Cape la Hogue. The Englifh. landed here in Au^uft 1758, took the town, with the fhips in the bafin>^demoliihed the fortifications,. and ruinea the other work»which had been long begj^n to- enlarge the harbour, and render it more fafe and convenient-. Thefe works were rcfumed, on a very flupendous fcale, by Lewis XVI ; but their progrefs was interrupted by the revolution.. Cherbourg is 50 miles NW of Caen. Lon. 1 3S W, lat. 49 38 N. Cheizsoux, a town of Turkey In Afia, capital of CurJiftan, lo dniles N. of Bagdad* Lo.i. 44 15. % ht35 5oN» :'>J^U CHE CHE Chefoitee River, See Broad TtJsNESSEE. Chekr Y 1st ANn, in the Northern Ocean, between Norway and Green- land. Lon. 20 5 E, lat. 74 30 N. Cherso, an ifland in the gulf of Venice, with a town of the fame name, rcur Croatia, belonging to the Vene- tians. The foil is ilony; but it abounds in wine, cattle, oil, and ex> cellent honey. Lon. 14 40 E, lat. 45 II N. Cher SON, the capital of New Ruf- iia, in the government of Catharinen- llaf. It is a new town, en. fted by Ca- tharine II, on the Dnieper, 10 miles below the mouth of the InguJec. It is intended to be the principal mart of all the commodities of export and im- port. It has a dock, from which fe- veral men of war and merchant fhips have been alr&ady launched. It is fup- plied with fuel by reeds only, of which there is an inexhauftible foreft in the fliallows of the Dnieper, oppofite the town. Rails, and even temporary houfes, are made of them. They are tall and ftrong, and afford (helter to various kinds of aquatic birds, fome of which are very beautiful. The for- tifications are made, and the planta- tions formed, by iralefattors, \*ho amount to fome hundreds. In 1787, tlie emprefs made a triumphant jour- ney to this capital, and here met the emperor Jofeph II. Her intention, it is faid, was to he crowned here queen of Taurica, and emprefs of the Eaft. But the defign ciid not tjkef lace; and Ac '"as concent to have infcribed over one of the gates of the city. Through this gate lies the road to Byfantium. Ghetfon is 50 miles E of Oczakow. Lon. 33 10 E, lat. 46 5 N. Chertsey, a town of Surry, with a market on Wtdnefday, It is feated re : th; Thames, over which is a har. Jforne ftone bridge of feven arches. It is feven miles W" of King (lon, and ao W by S of London. Cherz, an ancient town of Pbland^ in Mafovia, 15 miles from Warfaw. Chesapeak, one of the largeff bays in the known woild. Its ci trance Js between Cape Charles and 1 1 Cape Henry in Virginia, iz miles wide, and it extends 270 ni'les to the N, dividing Virginia from Maryland. It is from feven to 18 miles broad, and generally nine fathoms deep 5 affbrd- ing a fafe navigation and many corn- mod. ous harbours. It receives the iSufquehannah, Potomac, Rappaiian- noc, York, and James Rivers, which are all large and navigable. Lon. 7$ o W, lat. 36 45 N. Chss^ham, a town of Bucks, with a market on Wednefday, 12 miles SE of Ailcfbury, and 29 W by N of Lon. dqn. Ch' .iiRE, an EngliA county pa- latine, jeparated, on the N, from Lan- cafhire by the Merfey, but, juift at the NE point it borders on Yorkfliirej on the E ''i is bounded by Derbyfhirej on the SE by Staftbrdfliire ; on the S by Shropfhire; on the W by Denbigh- fiiire and Flintrhire, from which latter it is feparated by the Dee; and, on the NW, it is waflied by the Irifh Sea, in- to which projeds apeninfula, 13 miles in length, and fix in breadth, formed by the mouths of the Merfey and the Dee. This county extends 33 miles from N to S, and 42 from E to W, with- out including the peninfulajuft men- tioned on the W, or a narrow tradl of land which ftretches between Lancafhire and Derbyftiire, to Yorklhire, on the NE. It is divided into feven hun« dreds, containing one city, 11 market- towns, and ici'parifhes. It fends two members to parliament for the county, and tWo for Chetler. The air is tern- penUcly cold, and very healthful. It is rich in pafture and arable; butthern are feveral heaths upon which horfes and fheep feed, among which are the cxtenfive forefts of Macclesfield and: Delamere. The country is generally level } the higheft hills in it are about Frodlham; and the extenfive paftures with which it abounds, feed a great number of cows, whofe milk is pecu- liarly rich, and of which is made ex- ceiJenc chcefe, in fuch quantiti;*s, that London alone is faid to take annually 14,000 tons of it: vad quantities are alfo fent.to Briftol, York, Scotland, Ireland, &c, Tiiis courty is likewifc ■m .Lir.J..l,.,.r_ CHE CHI fam'>us for its fait fprings at Nampt- w'ich, Middlewich, Northwich, and Winsfoid; and, at Northw'ch, there arc va(l pits of foli>l ult rock. ' Chester, the capital of Chffhire, with wo markets, on Wcdncfday and Saturday. It is a place of great anti- quity; the walls are near two miles in circumference; and there are four gates, toward the f )ur cardinal points. It lias a 'trong caftle, in which is the Ihirehail ; and contains lo parijli churches, betide the cathedral. U has a conftant communication with Ireland ; has a fmall (h .' foreign trade; and its two anr .airs are the m&ft noted in Engl-uJ, efpecially for the Tale of Iri/h linen. It has a nia> nufaftory of gloves, and a confiderable traffic of flioji goods Into N Wales. It gives the tiiie of earl to the prince of Wales; is governed by a mayor, two (hfriffs, and 24 aldermen ; fends two members to parliament} and is a bi> /hop's fee. It Is 182 miles NW of London. Lon. 3 3W, lat. 53 12 N, Ckestek, the capital of the county of Delaware, in Pennfylvania, on the river Delaware. Loh. 75 26 W, lat. 39 51 N. Chester, a county of Pennfylva- nia, 44 miles long and 21 broad. In 1790, it contained 27,937 inhabi- tants. Weft Chefter is the capital. Chester, We.st, the capital of the county of Chefter, in Pennfylva- nia. It is feated o;i the Delaware, and h,is a fine harbour. Lon. 7541 W, la'. 39 54 N. Chesterfield, a town in Der- bylhire, with a market on Saturday, and a freefchool. It is feated on a hill, ketween two rivers. The quarter- I feffions are held here for the N part of the county. It is governed by a mayor, I and, next to Derby, is thr inoft con- fiderable trading town in the county. I It has a manufaftoiy of worfted and cotton ftockings, and alfo of carpets. There are four potteries for brown ware, and pear the town large iron f"un'^ri?s, the ore and coal for the fup- piy of which are dug in the vicinity, Urge q laiitities of lead are fent hence kytb new canal to the Treat, which It joins below Gainfljorough. Chefter- field ii 22 miles N of Derby, and 149 NNW of London. Cheviot Hii.ls, a ridge of moun- tains, which run t/om N to S through Cumberland and Northitmberland. Near thefe many a battle has been fought between the Engiilh and Scots. Thefe hills arc chiefly wild and open flieepwalks: goats alio are fed among them, and fome of the fineft cattle in the kingdom in parts of the Scotch border. CuiAPA-DE-r-os-iNDios, 3 large town of N America, in Mexico, in a province of the fame name. Lon. 9(5 5 W, lat. 15 16 N. Chiapa-el-real, a town of N America, in Mexico, in a province of the fame name, with a bifliop's fee. Its principal trade confifts in cocoa- nuts, cottjn, and fugar. Lon. 94 45 W, lat. 17 JO N. Chiarenza, a fsapoit »f Turkey In Europe, in the Morea, oppofite the ifland of Zante. Lon 21 35E, laU 37 S'JN. Chiari, a town of Italy, in th« Brefcianr where prince Eugene de- feated marfhal Villeroy, in 1701, Lon. 10 17 E, lat. 45 30 N. Chiaro Monte, a town of Si- cily, on a mountain, 25 miles W of Syracufe. Chiavenna, a hand fome town of SwifTerland, capital of a county of the fame name, under the fovereignty of the Grifons. It is a trading place, ef- pecially in wine and delicate fruits, an4 its great fupport is the tranfport of merchandife, it being the principal communication between the Milancfd and Germany. The governor's pa- lace, and the churches, are magnifi- cent; and the inhabitants arc Roman cathoiicsT Here are the ruins of a once celebrated fortrefi, on the fum- mitof a rock ; And clofc to the town is a rock of albefto?, Chiavenna is feated near the lakes of Chiavenna and Co- mo. Lon. 9 19 E, lat. 46 19 N.. Chiavenna, Laohitto di, a fmall lake ot the country of the Gri- fons, in Swifleiland, near the town of the fame name. The views of thig i CHI lake are wild and magnlficejit ; fur- rounded as it is by barren rocks, craggy, and rlfing into fpires fprinklcd with fnow. Chicasaws, a nation of Indi- ans, fettled on the head branches of the Tombcckbe, Mubile, and Yazno rivers, in the NW corner of Georgia. The number of thefe Indians has been reckoned at 1725, of which 575 are fighting men. Thf:/ have (vcn towns, the central one of which is in ion. 89 43 W, lat. 34 23 N. Chjchesteh, the capirai of Suf- fex, with a market on Wednefday and Saturday. It is furrounded by a w.\'l, which forms a pleafant public walk, feateJ on the river L?vant, is a bifli'jp's fee, and hae a cathedral, with feven fmall churches. It fends two members to parliament, and is go- verned by a mayor, rccnr;ler, deputy- recorder, 14 aldermen, fix bailiffs, 27 commoners, and a portreeve. It ex- ports corn, malt, Sec. and has fome foreign commerce, and a manufactory of needles. The haven affords fine lobfters. It is 61 miles SW of Lon- don. Lon. o 48 W, lat. 50 50 N. Chielepa, a town of Turkey in Europe, in the Morea. It was taken by the Venetians in 1685; but the Turks retoook it. Lan. zz 28 E, lat. 36 35 N. Chiemsee, a lake of Germany, in Bavaria, which co.itains an iflatid and town of the f;ime name, with a bifliop's fee. The iflind is 17 miles in cir- cumference, and is 22 miles WSW of Sakzburg, Chieri, a forrified tOMvn of Pied- mont, on the declivity of a hill, eight miles E of Turin. Chieti, a town of Naples, capital of Abruaeo Citerio:e, with an archbi- /hop's fee. It is feated on a moun- tain, near the river Pefcara, eight miles SW of Pafcura. Lon. 15 7 E, lat. 42 2o N. CHiGWELt, a villagein Efl"ex, near Epping Foreft. Here is a fieefchool, founded by aichbifliop Harfnctt, who had been vicar of thi:> place. It is 10 miles NE of London. Chjhibi, or Port-Cheer, afea- CHI port of Arabia Felix, which carries on a confiderable trade. L*n. 49 25 £, lat. 14 40 N. Cwit 1, a country of S America, ^he mountainous part of which is ftill pof. feffed by the Puelches, Araucos, and other tribes of its original inhabitanb, formidable neighbours to the Spaniards, with whom, during two centuries, they have been obliged to maintain almoil pcipetual hiftility, fufpended only by a few intervals of infecurc peace. That part of Chili, tnerefore, which may be properly deemed a Spanifli provl.ice, i3 a narrow dlftridt, extending along the coaft of the S Pacific Ocean, from the defert of Atakamas to the iflind of Chiloc, above 900 miles. Its climate is the moft delicious in the New World, and is hardly equalled by that of any region on the face of the earth. Though bordering on the ton id zone, it ncvet feels the extremity of heat, being 1 fcreened ori the E by the Andes, and | refreAcd from the W by cooling fea breezes. The temperature of the air I is fo mild and equable, that the Spa. niards give it the preference to that of thc' fouthern provinces in their native [ country. The fertility of the foil cor- refponds with the benignity of the cli. I mate, and is wonderfully accom* modated to European produdiionsi The moft valuable of thefe, corn,! wine, and oil, abound in Chili, as ifl they had been native in the Country, [ Here all the fruits imported from Eu. rope attain to full maturity; and, in I this delightful region, the animals of] our hemifphere not only multiply, butl improve. The horned cattle are «f| larger fize than thofe of Spain. Itsl breed of horfes excels, in beauty andl fpirit, the famous Andaiufian racel from which they fprung. Nature too,l has enriched Chili with valuable mintsj of gold, fiiver, copper, and lead, YstJ in ail this extent of country there are! not above 80,000 white inhabitants,! and 240,000 negroes and people of i mixed race. * Chilka, a lake in the Deccanofl Hindooftan, which bounds thi* five CirJ cars on the N . It lies on the coaft oi the bay of Bengal, and fccoi* the eM CHI ffft of the breach of the fea over a I'll fandy furface, whofe elevation was fomeihing above the level of the coun- try within. It communicates with the in by a very narrow but deep opening, ind is fhallow within. It is 40 miles long, and 12 or 15 wide, with a nar- row flip of ground between it and the f(j. It has many inhabited iflinds in It. To thofe who fail at fomcdiltancc from the coad, it has the appearance of a deep bay j the flip of land not kting vifible. Chiloe, an ifland of S America, tnthe coaft of Chili, 125 miles in length, and 17 in breadth. The ca- pital is Caftro. CHiLTEiiN,a chain of chalky hills, ranninjt from E to W through Buck- inghamihire. This diftri£t belongs to the crown, which, for time immcmO' rial, has had an officer under it, with the title of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. Of this office, as well as I thit of fteward of the manor of Eaft Hundred in Berks, it is remarkable, that, although frequently conferred up- «n members of the houfe of commons, it is not produ£live of either honour ar emolument } being granted, at the lequeft of any member of that houfe, toenable him to vacate his fsat,when« ever he may choofe it, by the accept- ance of a nominal office; and, on this account, it has not unfrequently been {ranted to three or four different mem- Ibersin a week. Chimay, a town of France, in the I department of the North, feated on the Blanche, ao miles SSW of Charle- |toy. CniMiSRA, an nncient town of iTurkey in Europe, i.i Albania, capital of a territory of the fame name, in- IcIuJing i chain of mountains, of which hue part is free, and the other fubjeft Itothe Turks. It is feated on a rock, l« the entrance of the gulf of Venice, 19 miles N of Corfu. Lon. 20 8 E, |lat.40 8N. Chimleioh, a town of Devon- lie, with a market on Wednefday. litis aintioft furrounded by the J3art, In is 21 miles NNW of Exeter. China, ^i empire in Afia, bounded CHI on the N by Tartary, from which it is feparated by a great wall 5U0 leagues in length ; ori the E by the Yellow Sea and the Chinefe Ocean ; on the S by that ocean and the kingdoms of Ton- quin, Laos, and Bvirmah ; and on the W by Thibet. It lies between 100 and 1x50 £ lon. and 20 and 410 ^f lat. It is xcoo miies in length, from N to S, aiid I 500 in breadth, from £ to W, and is divided into 15 province;, which contain 4402 walled cities, di- vided into dalles, the civil aad mili- tary. The civil clafs contains 2045, and that of the military 2357. The civil clafs is again divided into three other dalles, namely, the firft clals, which are called /cm j the fecond, call- ed icheou'j and the third, which are called hien. According to the calcu- lations of father Amiot, China contains 200,000,000 inhabitants. Altonilh- ing as this may appear to Europeans, abbe Grofier is of opinion that this ac- count is by no means exaggerated; and he, himfelf, not only ftates all the ralculations of Amiot, but gives a va- riety of reafons, from circumftances almoft peculiar to China, to account for this wonderful population in that remote cornerof Afia. The climate and foil are various, as the different pro- vinces are nearer to, or remote from, the S ; fevere cold being felt at Pe- king, while the fouthern provinces are expofed to exceffive heat. In feverai of the provinces, the land yields tvv9 crops a year; yat, though the hulband- man cultivates it with fuch care, as not to lofe tlie fmalleft portion of ground, China has been often defo- lated by famine. Its numerous moun- tains (which -are chiefly in the N and W pares of the empire) contain mine- rals of every fpccies. Thofe of gold and filver arc not permitted to be open> ed, the emperors having always feared, that if the people fliould be expofed to the temptation of thefe artificial riches, they Would be induced to negle£l the more ufeful labours of agriculture, Qu^arries of marble, coal mines, lapis lazuli, rock cryftals, precious iloncs, and a kind of fonorous ftones, of which mufical iuftruments are compoled, are CHI abundant In China. They have pot- ter's eartiw, too of fuch various and fu- perior kinds, that their celebrated fine porcelain will ever remain unrivuUed. Bcfidf the fruits peculiar to the coun- try. Chin.1 produces tlic greater part or what we have in Europe} but (^'x- Cfpilng the grapes and pomegranates) they are much inferior to ouis. Oranges were fii ft brought us from China. They have nifo lemons, citrons, the tfe-tfe; a kind of fig peculiar to China: the li-tchi, of the lize of a d<»tp, its ftone covered with a ftift juicy pulp, of an exquifite tafte, but dangerous when rareri to excefs; the long-yen, or dra- gon's-tyes, its pulp white, tart, and juicy, not fo agiteabic to the tafte, but mote wholefome than th^' li-tchi. The Chinefe furpafs us in the art of ma- naging kitchen gardens, and have a number of vegetables unkn.iwn to us. They cultivate even the bottom of their waters } the beds of their Jakes, por.ds, and rivulets, producing crops tinknown to us, particularly of thepi- tfi, or water chefnut, the fruit of which (found hi a cover formed by its root) is exceedingly wholefom^ and of a very delicate tafte. Among the trees peculiar to China is the tallow- tree, the fruit of which is corftained in a hufk, divided into three fpherical fcgmcnts, which open when it is ripe, and difcover three white grains of the fize of a (mail walnut, the pulp of which has all the properties of tallow j the wax-tree, producing a kind of white Wax almoft equal to that made by bees} the tfi-chu, or varnifh-tiee, which produces the admirable Chinefe varnilh } the tie-ly-mou, or iron wood, the wood of which is fo hard and heavy, tliatit finks in water, and the anchors of the Chinefe iliips of war are made of it J thecamphire-trce} the bamboo- reeds, which grow to the height and fize of a large tree, and befvle being ufed as natural pipes to convey water, are employed for nunaberlefs other pur- pofesj the tea-plant, &c. with cotton, betel, and tobacco. Fhii ilow-ring flirubs, flowers, herbs, ana ineJ cinal plants of China are too numerous to be recited* The 'mountains »ad vaH: fo- C H T reAs abound with wild animals of every fpecies} but that valuable quidruped, the mu(k-decr, is peculiar to it. Of their birds, the moil: beautiful in Chi. na, and, perhaps, in the world, is the kin- hi, or golden fowl. The govern- mt-nt of this vaft empire, uii>ler an abfulute monarch, the father of hij people; the military Iprciis and forti. fications } their laws, majfirtratfs, and tribunals} their finances} their rc!i. gion, fedts, and fchifms} their filial piety, marriages, and education} their general cuftoms and manners } their language, poetry, learning, aftro. nomy, &c. would all furnifli copious fubjeds of defcription, if we had room to erjter into them. Peking is the capital. Chinca, a valley of Peru, which has a feaport of the fame name, on a river, go miles S of Lima. Lon. y6 15 W, lat. 13 10 S. Cminy, the capital of the county of Chiny, in Auftrian Luxemburg, It is 27 miles W df Luxemburg. Chinon , an ancient town of Francf, in the department of Indre and'' Loire, with a cattle, in which Henry II, king of E ngiand, expired } and here Joan of Arc firft prefented herfelf, in a mill. tary habit, before Char'es VII. Chi- non is feated on the river Vieiine, iq miles N of Richlieu, and i5oSWof Paris. Chinsura, a large town of Ben- gal. It is a fettlement of the Dutch, and is feated on the river Hoogly, near, ly midway between Chandernagore, and the old town of Hoogly. Chiourlic, an ancient town of Romania, with the fee of a Greek bi- fhopj feated on a river of the fame name, 47 miles W of Coiiftantinoplci Chiozzo, a town and iflind of Italy, in the territory of Venice, with a bifhop's fee, and a harbour, dc fcnd^'d by a fort. It is 18 miles S of | Venice. Lon. 12 9 E, lat. 45 17 N. CHiPP»NHAM,a borough of Wilts, with a market on Saturday. It \i feated on the Avon, over which is t j ftonc bridge of 16 arches, ar.d is 11 miles E of Briftol, and 94 W of Lon- don, .•■■■.■ ;^-> :^'n-.':;'^. ■- ■^""ir' ;;ine, IQ SWof CHI CHR town of ireek b'- he fame ntmoplti flind of ice, with )ur, de. piles S of I of Wilts, It i) Ihich is » tr.d is »> of Lou- Chirk, a village S of Wrexham, In Choczim, a town of Moldavia, on Deiibigliihire. It h;J formerly twu the Dnicfter. It was taken by the ciftles, on the top of a hill, one of Poles, in i6-o, after they had totally which feems to have been a magnifi- d:'f-.ite-l the Turkiih army, before its tent ftrudture. walls. It was taken by the Ruffians Chislehurst, a village of Kent, and Auitrians in 1788, but afterward rear Bromley, 11 miles SE of L'jn- reftafeJ. It is 1 10 miles NWof JalVy. iM, Here is Camden Place, the an- Lon. 26 25 E, lat. 48 46 N, cient feat of earl Camden, and the re- Choi si y, a village of Franc, In fiJetice of the celebrated antiquary of the department of Oifc, It is three that nsmc, who died here. Chifle- miles from Compiegne, on the river hiitfj wjs alfo thf birthplace of fir Ni- Aifne, in the line forert of Com- ch:)las Bacon and fir Francis Walfing- piegnc } on which account here was a \^xm. royal hunting palace, Chisme, a feaport of Natolia, on Cholet, a town of France, in the the ftfdit that parts the continent from department of Maine and Loirn, with Scio. It was anciently called Cyflus i a caft'e, 170 m'les SW of Paiis. Lop. was celebrated for the great vidlory o 45 W, lat. 47 10 N. which the Romans gair.ed over the Chonat, an cpilcopal tovvn of fleet of Antiochus, in 191 B. C. and Hungary, capital of a county of the his been diftinguifticd by the deftruc- fame name, on the Merich, 25 miles tioa of the Turkifh fleet by the Ruf- E of Segedin. fijnsin 770. Chokges, a tovvn of France, in the CHibWicK, a village in Middlefex, department of the Upper Alps, burnt en the Thames. Here is Chlfwiclc by the duke of Sivoy in 1692. It is H ufe, a celebrated villa of the duke 10 mile. E of G.ip. * I of Devanfliire, built by the earl of Chorley. SeeCHARLiv. [Burlington, after a defign of Palladio. CHovvLE,a town, on the coafl of 1 In the churchyard is a monun-.ent to Malabar. It has a harbour for fmafl 1 Hogaith, with an epitaph by Garrick. vcdelsj'and is fortified. It belongs to I It is five miles W by S of L'ondon. Portug.il, and was formerly not2d for Chi TRO, a town of Macedonia, on its fine embroidered quilts. It is 15 Ithebay of Salonichi. It is the place miles S of Uotnbay. Ljii. 72 45' £y Iwhsre the mother, wife, and Con of lat. 18 42 N. [Alexander were murdered by Cafl'an- Chremnitx, the chief mine town Ito; and where Ptrfeus was defeated in Upper Hungary, 90 miles N^ of lb/the Romans. Lon. 22 35 E, lat. Prtfburg. l^oioN. Christchurch, a borough of Chittedroog, atown of the pe- Hampfhire, with a market on Mon- Ininfuh of Hindooftan, in Myfore, day; feated at the confluence of the Avon and Stour, 98 miles SW of London-. Christiakia, a city uf Southern Norway, in the government of Aggej- huy , fnuiteon the bay of Biorning, [117. miles N by W i:f Seringapatam. |Lw. 76 1 5 E, lat. 14 5 N. Chiv/ /AS, a town of Piedmont, Iwhich hss been often taken and re- Itilcen. It is fo advantageoufly fituate Inearthe river Po, that if is called the |keyofItaly. Itis 12 milcsNEdf Turin. C41USI, an epifcopal town of Tuf- any, 35 miles SE of Sienna. CiiiuTAYE, the capital of Natolia Proper, and the refidence of thj grand fer before the taking of Conltin • pople. It is feated on the river Aya- 75 miles E of Burfut |l]E, lat. 39 30 N, which forms the N gulf of Chriftiania. extremity of tHe It is diwded inta the city, and the fuburbs of Water- landt, Pcterwigen, and Fierdingenj the fortnrfs of Aggerhuys; and the old town of Opfoe or Anfloc. The city conbins 418 houfes, the fuburbs 682, Opfloe 4007 and the inhabitants Lont 30 amount to about 9000. It was rebuilt in its prefent fituation by Chriftiaii IV, CHR CHU after a plan defigncd by himrelf. The Chris TorHER*Sf St.ofSt.Kit'l ftreets are carried in a ftraight line, and one of the Leeward Iflands, in the at right angles to each other, are uni- Weft Indies, 60 miles W of Antigui. formly 40 feet broad, and very neat It was formerly inhabited by the Frencli and clean. The caftie of Aggerhuys and Engliihj but, in 1713, it wasce. Is built on a rocky eminence on the ded to the latter. It is so milt: ig W fide of the bay, at a fmall diftance length, and feven in breadth. Tht frcm thet ty* The governor is the produce is chiefly fugar, cotton, gin. chief governor of Norwray, and pre- gcr, indigo, and the tropical fmiti, /ides in the high court of juftice. Op- It was taken by the French in 1782, floe was the fite of the old city, burnt but reAored the next year. Lon. 6ij in 1624: it contains the epifcopal pa- 43 W, lat. 17 15 N. lace. Chriftiania has an excellent har- Chvd^eigh, a town of DevonJ hour, and carries on a conllderable fliire, wi<^i a market on Saturday: trade. It has 136 privileged fawmills, feated near the Teigne, nine miletl of which 100 bt'ong to a fingle family SW of Exeter, and 183 W by S of the name of Anker. It is 30 miles London. from the open fca, and 290 N by W Chunar, afortof HindooftanPi of Copenhagen. Lon. 10 50 £, lat. per, in Allahabad. It is feated on thi 59 6 N. Ganges, 20 miles above Benares, am Christianpple, aftrong feaport is built on a rock, fortified allioum of Sweden, on the Baltic, and capital by a wall and towers. At the end, of Blekintjen, It is 13 miles NE of overlooking the river, is the citadel, Carlcfcruon. Lon. 15 47 £| lat. 56 in which is an altar flab, whereon thi a6 N. tutelary deity of the place is fuppofti Christiakbvro, a fort of Afri- to be feated at all times, except froi ca, on the Gold Coatl of Guinea, fub- funrifc till nine in the morning, wki jecl to the Danes. Lon. i 55 £, lat. he is at Benares } during which tini 4 10 N. from the fuperftition of the Hindi CNRisTiANSTAOT)afmall,neatly- attacks may be made with a profpci . built town of Sweden, in the territory of fuccefs. Chunar was unfuccefi o/Blekingen. The inhabitants have fully attempted by the Erigliili i manufactories of cloth and filken 1764: the next year, it was fui ftufl's. The town is feated on the ti- rendered to them : they reftored it Shrop/h/re, wl day, 14 miles Churchil Churchill riv( Hudfon*s Bay. Chitsan, ai of China, wher pany had once 1 I) lat. 30 o N ClAMfAy a bounded on the dian Ocean, or China, and on I Ciciui,or < town of Dalmati the Narentha. Turks, by the I*n. i3 22 E, 1 CiiLiv, ani many, in Upper of a county of ftated on the Saa Lauhach. CiMBRISHAM; Htn» in Sweden. 56 40 N. ClNALOA, a t( /fated on a river, a Ae fame name, in Wa, on the E fide foraia. The aboi wnce have neither pnnilh ▼er Helge-?, which flows into the BaU the Nabob of Oude at the fubfeque;fl{|J''''" .*J^ .*^''""< tic at Ahus, about the diftance of 20 peace j but, in 177a, it was linalB,„»L,'!' " » 5" 177a, miles, and is navigable only for fmall ceded to them, in exchange for All^ craflt of fewen tons burden. It is ef- habad. It is 385 miles NW of ( teemed the flrongeft fortrefs in Swe- cutta. Lon. 83 5o£, lat. 25 10 1 den, and is 50 miles NE of Copen- Chunaub, or Jxnavb, one i hagen. Lon. 14 10 £, lat. 56 25 N. the five eaftern branches of the Indui CkristinAiSI'. oneof the iflands It runs through Cafhmere and Laha in the S Pacific Ocean, called the Mar- between the Chclum and the Rauvej quefust Lon. 139 9 W, lat. 9 56 S. It is united with both the fe. riven < Christmas Island, an ifland in fome diflance above Moultan; and,| the N Pacific Ocean, fo named by capt. their confluence with the Indus,: Cook, on account of his firft landing miles W of Moultan, they forin I there on Chriflmas-day. It is 45 flream as large as that river. Tlj miles in circumference j is uninha- Chunaub is the Acefinet of Alexa Vited, and deflitute of frefh water) der* tut has abundance of fine turtle. Lon. Ckcn-tb-fou, a city of CMol 15^ 30 W, lat. I 59 N. in the province of Pe-tchcli, withniij Christmas Sound, a found of populous cities of the third rank 1 S America, in Terra del FuegOt LoDt its jurifdiAion. 76 aW} tot. 55 11 S» CHuacM-STftXTTOifi » towa| ir |« the heads of J'fs; but thei IJ'ffly in their |*«ir enemies, and HUry right, but l^ne power and nu (Kaions. In other ' be among the ru |K« united in the peifter cultivate noi F the fpontaneous C"*'. or on hu ^wy have not «,t*od, nor any it ""y! "future flat th I "f^i m coii «nj' About the J«"»rds, in their < r fierce tribes in "« of Sonon j^j CIN CIN »rST.KiT\| ,nds, in thtl of Antigua.) ty the French! 3, it was ccJ ao mi't: ini :eadth. Thtl , cotton, gin.[ ropical fruiti.! nch in 1781,! ar» Lon* 6t| i^n of De«n-| on Saturday}! e, nine m'lleil 3 Wby S lindooftan Pn is feated on thJ e Benares, anJ rtified all rounl , At the endJ is the cltadell lb, whereon thl )lacc is fuppofel es, except fronf ! morning, whd ing which tinuj f the Hind( with a profpel was unfuccefs « Eiigliih il it was fui ey rcftored it the fubfequei it was fin; change for All ilesNWof E, lat. »5 10 _NAtJB, one hesofthelndi nere and Lahoi and the R»u«< h the le. riven 4oultan} and, h the Indus, they toim iiat river. Tl fines of Alei i« city of Chin l-tcheli, with- Aird rank Shropfli/re, with a nnarkct on Thurf- great depredations upon them, and (jay, 14 miles S of Shrewftury. whonn they finally fubdued) difco- Churchill Foxt, a fort on vered, that thefe neglected and thinly Churchill river, on the E fide of inhabited provinces abounded in the Hudfnn^s Bay. Coa, 94 3 W, lat. richeft gold mines, and might foon i;8 48 N. become as populous and v-'.^Me as Chusan, an idaiid, ontheEcoaft any part of SpaniHi America; and^ of China, where the Eaft India com- accordingty, the population in thefe pany had once a fadlory. Lon. 124 o parts has Hace very much increafed. I, lat, 30 o N. The town :3 feated in Lon. 91 jo W, CiAMPA, a kingdom of Afia, lat. 26 15 N. bounded on the £ and S by the In- CinzguilIa, a town of Nevy dian Ocean, on the N by Cochin China, and on the W by Cambodia :i9Vi atowB Mexico, in the province of Sonora* When the Spaniards attacked the na- CicLUi,or CicLVGH, a frontier tives in Cinaloa and Sonora (See Ci- town of Dalmatia, on a rocky hill on naloa) they here entered a plain of the Narentha. It was taken fronri the 14 leagues in extent, in which, at the Turks, by the Venetians, ir. 1694. depth of only 16 inches, they found Lon. l3 22 E, lat. 43 7.9 N. gold in great abundance, and in grain* CiLLiv, an ancient town of Ger- of great fize and weight. The con- iraiiy, in Upper Carniola, the capital fequence was, that, in 1771, above of a county of the lame name, and 2000 perfons were fettled iM Cine- feated on the Saan, 36 miles N£ of guilla, under the government and in- Lauhach. fpe£lion of proper magiftrates and ec- CiMBRisHAM, a feaport of Scho- clefiaAics. Lon. 96 23 W, lat. 3< nen, in Sweden. Lon. 15 3o£, lat. 5 N. j6 40 N. CiNf^vE PojiTS, certain ports on CiNALOA, a town of New Spain, the coaftof Kentand SufTex, fo calledi feated on a river, and in a province, of on account of thtir being Ave in num* the fame name, in the audience of Ga- ber, Hvhen their fiift charter was grant- licia, on theE fide ofthegulf of Caii- ed by William I, in 1077. Thefe fotnia. The aborigines in this pro- were Dover, Haftit\gs, Hythe, Rom- TJDce have neither laws nor kings to ney, and Sandwich; to which were after- poniih any crime. They acknow- ward added Winchelfea, Seaford, and ledge, indeed, certain caciques, who Rye. That king appointed a conftable of ire the heads of their families or vil- Dover Caftle (*'.-ho is now called Lord liges; but their authority appears Warden of the Cinque Portt^} and !n> (bielly in their expeditions againft vefted him v/ith the commanc^i of tbrfe their enemies, and depends not on he- ports, whofv! inhabitants had ronfidcr- ledltiry right, but on their valour, and able privileges, fuch as freeiiom from jthc power and number of their con- fubfidies, from wardAiip of their chil- nexions. In other refpe£ts, they fcrm dren, from being fued in any court beamong the rudeftpeopie in Ame« but their own, &c. For thefe im- iiica united in the focial ftate : they munities, they were obliged to fup- |iKither cultivate nor ibw, but depend ply the government with 57 ihips, at ID the fpontaneous ptodudlions of the 40 days notice, and to/pay their crcwa iith, or on hunting and ftfhing. during 15 days. At that period, the hey have not the leafV knowledge opulent traders of London were ^yledi ' God, nor any idea even of a falfe barons; a privilege, which was enjoyed 'ity: a future date, and all religious likewife by the merchants of thefe 'orOiip, are, in courfr, unknown to ports, whofe reprefentatives, to this iem. About the 'year 1 771, the day, arc ftylcd Barons of the Cinque 'paniards, in their expeditions againft Ports. e fierce tribes in this and the pro Cintka, a cape of Portugal, in iice of Sonora (who had committed Eftramadura)' called the Rock of US' :■ \ CI R VGIR ton, on the N fide of the entrance of the Tajo; and on it is a town of the fame name. Lon. 9 30 W, lat. 38 46 N. CioTAT, a feaport of Fiance, in the ilepartment^f the Mouths of the Rhone, defended by a ftrong fort. It is famous for. Mufcadine wine, and is ieated on the bay of Liq«u,;;, between Marfeiiles and Toulon. Lon. 5 46 E, lat. 43 iz N. CiRCARS, Northern, five pro- then- neighbours. The Cabardian Cir. caflians, however, are ftill the moft powerful people of the N fide of Cau- cafi.s; and this fuperiority has intro- duced among their neighbours fuch t general imitation of their manners, that, from a defcription of thefe, an idea may be formed of all the reft, They are divided into three dafles- namely, the princes; the nobles, call, ed ufdensj and the vaflals, or people, A certain number of the people is al. vlnces on the bay of Bengal, originally lotted to each princely family. In each denominated northern from their pofi- of thefe, the eldeft individual is confj. tion in refpedl to Madras, on which dered as chief of the family, and as ihey depend. Of thefe circars, Ci- cacole, R;ijamundry, Ellorc, and Con- dapilly,arein pofieffion of the Englifli; and Guntoor belongs to the nizam of the Deccnn- The ^ift four occupy the feacoatl, from the Chilka Lake to the N bank of tlie KUtna; forming a narrow flip of country 350 miles long, and from 2,6 to 75 broad. The Eng- lifh circars had been ceded to the French, by the nizam of the Deccan, *" '753 5 ^^^ ^hey were conquered by colonel Clive in 1759, and produce an annual revcjuie of 360,000!. That of Guntcor is 70,0001. CiRCASSiA, one of the feven Cau- cafian nations, between the Black Sea and the Cafpian ; bounded by the go- judge, proteftor, and father of all the vafials attached to it. No prince can be a landholder J he has no other pro- perty than his ariiis, horfes, Haves, and the tribute he may be able to ex- tort from the neighbouring nations, Tlie perfon of every prince is facrcd; but this is the only diftindlion of birth when unaccompanied by perfonal me. rit. The greateft honour a prince can acquire is that of being the firftof tti* nation to charge the enemy. The princes are not to be diftinguiihcd lit j time of peace from the nobles, or even from the peafants! their food anddrcfs 1 are the fame, and tlieir houfes are little better. The nobles are chofen by the princes from the i nferior clafs. They are the officers of the p.Ince, and the I vornments of Taiirica and Caucafus on the N, and by Mingr-^lia and Georgia executors of the laws, and are em on the S, being feparatcd from Taurica "ployed in the general afTemblios of the by the river Cuban. This nation, nation tO; gain the afTent of the people from extent of tcnitoiy, whicii in-, to the meafurcs propofcd by thr princes, eludes nearly 10 degrees of longitude j and, from their extraordinary courage and military genius, might beconic vi-ry form.djble, were they united un- der one chief. But a nation of moun- taineers, who fubfift by raifing cattle, and are therefore forced to fix them- felvcs on the banks of rivers, for the fake of water and pafturage, foon for- get their origin, and divide into fcpa- rate and hnftilc tribes. From this principle of difunion, the Circafliars of the Cuban arc fo little powerful, as thr field, all their hopes of greatnefj to be fcarci'iy known even to^the Ruf- muft abfolutely depend. The CircaA fians, b'jt by the general appellation of fians arc governed by a kind of com' Cuban Tatars, in which they arc con- mon Iaw,orcolledionofancientiifages, founded witli the Abkhas and Nogays, On great occallonsi the whole naciuo ' The people, as well as the uWens, arel proprietors of lands. By an odd kind I of contradiftion, the princes cl,iini,l and fomctimts attempt m excrcife tliej right of feizing the whole property ofl their vaflalsj but, at the f^me timej the va'Jal has a right to transfer hrsal-F legiance to any otlrer prince, whencvcrj he thinks himfelf aggrieved; bytliliT privilege, the princes are compelled t9| gain the affeftions of their vafl'als, oil whofe readinefs to follow them intc an Cir. e moft if Cau- is intro- fuch I [lannerS) hefe, an the reft, : clafles; >k3, call- r people, :p\e Is al. . In each 1 is confi. and as CtK airemWed'.a meafute is propofed by the ^Ideft of the princes j it it firft de- bated among the ufdens, and afterward by the deputies of the people, who are old men, who often polTefs greater inr- fluence than the prince himfelf. If the propofiSon be accepted, it is con- firmed by a folemn oath by the whole people. Tlieir agriculture produces barely fufficient for their own fub- Hftence. Sheep and horfes arc the principal arricles of their cooinnerce, with the fiaves which^ they make in their predatory excurfions. At the i bltthof a prince, fome ufden, or fome- tlmes a prince of ano*er family, is chofen by the father as his future pre- I ceptor. At a year old he is prefented with fotiic playthings and arms: if he jppear to prefer the latter, the event is celebrated in the family by great re- joicings. At twelve years of age, he Ikjveshis father's houfe for that of his [preceptor. By him he is taught to I tide, to ufe his arms, and to fteal,'and {conceal his thefts. The word thief lis aterm of the utmoft reproach among Idiem, becaufe it implies deteftion. iHe Is afterward led to more dangerous liobberies, and does not return to his Ifither's houfe, till his addrefs and Hrength arc fuppofed to be perfcft. The preceptor is recompenfed by nine tenths of the booty made by his pupil Uile under his tuition. This mode bf education is perfevered in, with, a Vw to prevent the bad eflfefts of pa- Hnal indulgence. The cuftom is fup- |ofed to be peculiar to the Circaffians j Hittheobjedt ofeducarion is the fame isong all the mountaineers of Cauca- ui, who univerfally fubfift by rob- f. Before marriage, the youth of i fexes fee each other freely at the ntle rejoicings which take place on kvals. Before the ball, the young m ihow their aftivity in a variety of flitary exercifcs, and the moft alert |»e the privilege of choofing the moft butiful partners^ Their dances are jtht Aliatic ftylc, with little gayety lnpr|:flion } the fteps difticult, but V|taceful. The women participate \h general character of the nation t Jtikt pride in the courage of their CIR hu/bands, and reproach them feverely when defeated, 'lluty polilh and take care of the armour of the men. Wi- dows tear their hair, and disigure themfelves with fears, in teftiihony of their grief. Whatever may have been the original religion o^ diis peo- ple, they have been futceffivtiy ton- verted to Chrifti^ity and Mahometait- ifm, and have now no religion or wOr- ihip among them ; yet their cOuragfty great as it is, is not proof againft reli- gious terrors. ■ ^ CiRKNCESTEK, a confiderablc bo- rough of Gloucefterlhi re. Math two mar- kets, on Monday and Friday. It is feated on the river Churn, and wiis .» place of great account in the tiiue of the Romans j the ruins of the walls are yet viflble. Many Roman antiqui- ties have been difcovered j and hete the Roman roads ctofted each other* It had alfo a caftie and an abbey. It is 1 9 miles S£ of Oloucelter, and 89 W of London. "^ Ci R E N z A , a town of Naples, capi- tal of the Hafilicata, with a bifhop's fee ; ficuate on the Branduno, at die foot of the Appennines, 97 miles E of Naples. Lon. 16 10 £, lat. 40 44 N« CiTTADELtA, a feaport and ca- pital of Minorca, on the W fide of that ifland. Lon. 9 14 £, lat. 49 54 n: 3 ^* » 3? Citta-oi>Castello, a pbp^ lous city of Italy, capital of a county of the fame name, in Umbria, wiilh « biftiop's fee. It is feated on the Ti- ber, 27 miles SW of Urblno. Loit. iz 18 £, lat. 43 32 N. Citta-Nuova, a city of Italy, m the maHjuifate of Ancona, feated on the gulf of Venice. It contains 1$ churches and convents within its walls, befide 15 without, and is 10 miles from Lorctto. CiTTA-NuovA, a feaport of Ve- netian Iftria, with a biftiop's fee, 60 miles E of Venice. Lon. 14 % E, lat. 45 36 N. Ciudap>Real, a town of Spain, capital of La Mancha. The inhabi- tants are noted for drefllng leather for gloves. It is 90 miles S of Madrid* Lon. J 15 W, lat. 38 38 N. CLA* CiooAo-RoDKiGo, a town df 8pun» ift Loon« with a bifliop's fee, feated on the Af uada, 40 miles SW of Saiimanca. CiviTA^si-Fiiivti) an ancient town o^Italy, in Venetian Friuli } feat- ed en ihc National 10 nnilea £of Udina. CiviTA'Oi-PsNMAy an ancient town of Naples, in Abruszo Ulteriore, With a bifliop's fee, near the Salino, , 95 miles NE of Aquila« ClVITA-CASTBLtANA, a tOWn of Italy, in the Campagna di Roma, •u a high io€k, at the foot of which U a river) which falls into the Tiber* it is 25 miles N of Romet Citita-Vkcchia, a feaport of Italy, in the patrimony of St. P< ter, with an arfenai. Here the pope*s gal • lies are ftationed, and it is a free port } but the air is nnwholefome. It is 35 miles NW of Rome. Lon« 11 51 £, lat. 41 5 N. Clackmaknan, a borough of '^laclcmannanHiire, on the N fltore of the frith of Forth, and at the bottom of a hill, on the top of wh'ch is an ancient caftle. A large tower in this 'caftle derives its name from the illuf- ^tfious Robert Bruce, whofe great fword and cafque are here preferved. It is a 3 miles N by E of Glafgow. CLACKMANKANtRiaSt a county W Scotland, bounded on the £ by Fife- flure, on the N and W by Perthibire, and on the S by the Forth. It is eight miles in length, and five in breadth, and, with lUnrofs, fends one member to parliament. CLAGXNruRT, a town of Ger- many, capital of CarintHki, 50 miles SW of Vienna. Ct.Aia,ST* a lake of N America, half way between the lakes Huron and Erie, and 90 miles in circumference. It receives the waters of the lakes Su- perior, Michigan, and Huron, and dif- charges them, through the ftrait called Detroit, into lake Erie. Clamzci, a town of France, in the department of Nievre, feated at the confluence of the Beuvron and Yonne, li» m'iesS by £uf Paiis. Clapham, a village in Surry, con- taining many bandfome villas, which CL A Autound a beautiful common. In the old pariih church, divine fetvice ij performed at funerals only; a nev church having been ereded on the common, but without an adjoining Cemetery. Claphzm is three miles S by W of London. Clara, St. a fmall ifland of 8 America, in Peru, in the bay of Gui^. quil, 70 miles SW of Guiaquil. Lon, 8-1 20 W, lat. 2 20 S. Claee, St. an ifland, or rockjone of the Canaries, between Lanceroa and Ailegranza. CtARX, a town of SuflTolk, with a market on Monday. The ruins of a Cdftle and of a coHegiate church are ftill vifible. I'hey have a manufaftorj of bays. It is feated near the Stcur, 15 miles S of St. Edmund's Buryi and 56 NE of London. Clark, a town of Ireland, capital of the county of Clare, 17 mile^NWof Limerick. Lon. 8 46 W, lat. 52 5a N, Clark, a county of Ireland, intht province •*Munrter, 5 5 milesin length, and 38 in breadth ; bounded on thcE and S by the Shannon, which fepatatu it from Tipperary, Limerick, aad Kerry; on the W by the Atlantic and on the N by Galway. It coa tains two market-towns and 76 pi' riflies, and fends four members to fu. liament. Clarendon, a village, three mi £ of Saliibury, where a council of barons, in 1 164, enaiSted the la called the Confticutions of Clarendon and here were two palaces built king John. CLARKN9, or ChATILLAID, village of SwiiTerland, in the Pays Vaud, celebrated as the principal feci of RouflTeau's Eloiffc. It is delighrltill fituate, not far from Vevay, on eminence, whofe gentle declivity II0, gradually toward the lake of Gtw Ck.audk, St. a city of France, the department of Jura, with a bif fee. It is feated between three mountains, on the river Lilcm, owes its origin to a celebrated ab built in 425, in this then barren uninhabited country. It it 35 r NW of Geneva. From Moot »*^ Claude, which fo fura, is a fine pr land and Savoy, tl Geneva, and the F CtAUSEKBUR( fylvania, on the rii NWof Hermanrtac gates -s an infcrlpUo emperor Trajan. Clay, a town in an arm of the fea, t Jo miles NW of N< fome large falt-work Clear, Cape, a little iHand on t Lw. II 15 W, lat» Clebvry, a tow with a market on Th the river Rea, 28 mil bury. CtERAC, orCtAi Frnce, in the departi Garonne, feated on tl miles from A gen. ClKRMONT, atow me department of Me N\y of Parrs. Clermont, a tow *e deparrment of Gife Paris. Clermont, aeon, f"nce, in the departn Dome, with a bifhop's . 0"-neminence,andisali «ONTFE«»ANn, rvi united, under the name r ^the town of Mont Ferrar *ft-nttotheNE. Ma ¥ities are found in ti pood, and feme minerall fl"iie fuburb St. AJIyr W'A.ral bridge over thJ Jch.tfai;,: iti,ca| "J B"gf, and carriages ' Clermont contains tV"'* ''.« manufa ps, drugget,, fergej "300 miles S of pj ■''"M5 47N. y^RVja village In ;«SW of Orleans," «P"«"«nagcstoourJadl J*N Pacific Ocean I ^^«»fKa«tfch«a[;;"'' -nit* t,y ,(, CLE CLI Cliude, which fonns part of Mont America, They were fecn by capt, lura, is a fiac ptofpcdl over Sw'ifler- Cookin lyySrand were fo named in ho- UndandSavoy, the lake and town of nourof capt.Clerke, hisfecondincom- Ceneva, and the Pay« de Vaud. mand. Lon. 169 30 W, lat. 63 15 N. CLAUSEKBURG,a town of Tran- Cleves, a city of Weftphalia, a- fylvania) on the river Samos, 60 miles pital of the duchy of Cleves. It is HW of Hermanlladt. On one of the built on the eaftern fide of three hilk, gates !S an inscription in honour of the about a mile W of the Rhiqe. Seve- troperor Trajan. ral of Ae ftreets, from their elevated CLAY^atown in Norfolk) feated on fituation, extend their views many leagues deep into the country, on the oppofite (hore, which is variegated with hills, woods, fields, towns, and vimges. an arm of the fea, between two rivers, 40 miles NW of Norwich. Here are fome large falt-works. Clear, Cape, a promontory of a little ifland on the S of Ireland, Lin. II ISAV, latv 51 l« N. CtEBWRV, a town of Shropftire, with a market on Thurfday, feated on the river Rea, 28 miles SE of Shrewf- bury Cleves has been often taken and re« taken } the laft time by the French, 0£l. 19, 1794. It has a caftle, built in the time of Julius Cefar, and is 15 miles SE of Nimeguen, Lon* 5 50 E, lat. 51 4« N. Cleves, -a duchy of Germany, m Clerac, or Cl ATRAC, a town of the circle of Weftphalia, divided intn Trince, in the department of Lot and two pi»rts by the Rhine. It is fuhjedt to the king of Pruflia, and Clevcj is the capital. Cleybrook, Great and Lit- tle, two villages in Leicefterfliirey N of Lutterworth* fuppofed to have been a part of Cleycefter, fituate one Garonne, feated on the river Lot, 10 miles from A gen. etr.RMONT, a town of France, in the department of Meufe, 117 miles NW of Paris. Clermont, a town of France, in the deparrment of Oifc, 37 miles N of mile to the W, which was a flouriA- I Paris. Clermont, a confidcrable city of I France, in the department of Puy de Dome, with a bilhop's fee. It is feated oii,ineminence,andisaIfocalJedCLER- [hontFerrand, ever fince it was united, under the name of a fuburb, to |tbt town of MontFerrand, abouta mile jiftant to the NE. Many Roman an- Itiijuities are found in the neighbour< Ibood, and fomc mineral fprings. 7 hat lot' the fuburb St. Allyre has formed a Ina'ural bridge over the brook into Lhich it falls : it is called the Mine- Ital Bridge, and carriages may pafs over ll' Clermont contains 30,000 inha« |b'.unt$| and has manufactories of rat- Itens, druggets, ferges, and leather. ^t is 300 miles S of Paris. Lon 3 10 lat. 45 47 N. Clery, a village in France, nine niles SW of Orleans, once famous for lit pilgrimages to our lady of Ciery. Clirke's Islands, two iflands itheN Pacific Ocean, between the >Mbf Kantfchatksi and that of N ing city of the Romans. Cliffk, a town of Norlihampton- fhire, with a market on Tuefd^y, 30 miles NE of Northampton, and 88 NNW of London. Clitton, a village of Weftmor* land, three miles from Peniich, re- markable for a fkirraifli between the king's forces afkd the rebels, in 1745, in which the latter had the advanuge, CLirTON, a village in Gloucefter> fliire, near Briftol, noted for the hot well in its neighbourhood, upon the Lower Avon, at the foot of St. Vin- cent's rock. Clissa, a fort of Dalmatia, taken from the Turks by the Venetians. It is feated on a craggy mountain, fix miles N of Spalatto. Clisson, a town of France, in the department of Lower Loire, on the ti« vcr.Seure, it miles S of Nantes. Cli'tkxro, s borough in Lanca- fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated near Pcndil Hill, 36 miles SE of Lancafter, and 911 3 NN W of London* CLY Ci.eeHiK) an epifcopal town and fcorough of Ireland, in Tyrone. Lon. # 50 W, lar. 54 30 N. Clokmel, a borough of Ireland, in Tipperary, feated on the river Sure, 39 miles SE of Tippeiary. Ci.oui>, St. a town of France, four miles from Paris, feated on the Seine. Here was lately a magnificent royal palace, gardens, &c. CL0YNE,an epifcopal town and bo- rough of Ireland, in the county of Cork, 16 mile^E of Cork. Cluny, a town of France, in the department of Saone and Loire, re* markable for its iate famous Benedic- tine abbey. It is feated on the Gcofne, 10 miles NW of Macon. : C I. USE, a town of Savoy, in Fau- cigny i feated on the Arve, 2z miles S£ of Geneva. CtwYD, a celebrated vaie of Den- bighfliire, extending from its upper end to the Irifh Sea 20 miles; its breadth varying from three to eight, according to the approach or recefs of the high mountains inclofing it, through which, in different parts, are gaps formed by nature for entrances. This delightful fpot is in a high Aate of cultivation, even far up the afcent of the hills, and is full of towiis, vil- lages, and gentlemen's feats. A river of the fame name runs along this vale, into the Irlfh Sea. The inhabitants are remarkable for retaining their vi- vacity to a late period of life. CtYDE, a river of Scotland, which rifes in Annanda'e, and running through Clydefdale, pali'es by Lanerk, Hamilton, and Glafgow, falling into the frith of Clyde. fJear Lanerk, this river runs, for feveral miles, be- tween high rocks covered with wood j gnd in its courfe exhibits many afto- nifliing cataradls. At Stonebyres, it Is confined within a very narrow bed, and makes one entire fhoot, falling about 60 feet over a perpendicular rock} the water then pouring over another precipice, is da(hcd into a deep chafm beneath. The waterfall it Corehoufe, called Cora-lin, is no lefsp remarkable. The water is here precipiuced 100 feel: between two vaft COB rugged precipices. On a pointed rock, overhanging this ftupendous fcent, Aands a folitary tower, lately \r.ht. bited, but now in ruins. In floods, the rock and tower have been obferved to ihake in fuch a manner as tofpiU water in a glafs (landing on a table. A path leads to the top of the fall, where, from a projeAing rock, the fpe£tator hat a tremendous view down the furious cataraA, as it pours below the eye. The banks of this river are adorned on both (ides with woods and orch'^rds, and elegant villas. See Canal, Great. Clydesdale, a wild diftriftin the S part of Lanerkfhire. Atmidthe mountains here, particles of gold have been found wa(hed down by the rain j and ftreams of water ; but this traft i is chiefly remarkable for prodiicint metals of inferior worth. The fcanty pafture here feeds fome flieep and cattle ; but thofe, in the neighbout. hood of the mines, fometlmes periH by drinking the water in which the lead ore has been waHied ; for this oit communicates a deleterious quality to I the water. See LEADfiiLLs. Coast Castl.e, Cape, the pnV cipal fettlement of the Engliih, on the I coafl: of Guinea, with a citadel. Loi, | o, lat. 5 o N. CoBHAM, a village in Surry, featajl on the river Mole. Clofe by it (but! in the parifli of Walton-upon.J Thames) is Ppitie's Hill, the feat) and beautiful gardens of the late Mr.l Hopkins. Cobham is 19 miles SWl of London. J CoBLENTZ, an ancient city olj Germany, in the eleftorate of Trcvu at the confluence of the Rhine ml Mofelle. Jt is the refiJeiice of th^ eie^or, who has lately built a nc'i palace here. Coblentz was taken n the French, 0£t. 23, I794> Itit5^ miles NE of Treves. Lon. j '^iJ la^ 50 24 N. CoBUKG, a town of Oerraany, il the circle of Franconia, cnpitai off principality of the fame name, wi;bj^ college, a fort, and a caftie. It I longs, with its principality, to t houfe of Saxony, and is feated out COD Itchj 20 miles N of Bamberg. Lon. ji iS E) lat. 50 22 N. Coca, a town of Spain, in Old CjHile, featedamong mountains } and ifcjrit is a caftle for ftate prifoners. CocHiEiM, a town in the eledlo- rttcof Treves, formerly imperial. It wjs taken by the French, Oft. 13, 1794, and is featcd on the Mofelle> jr mi'es SW of Coblentz. Cochin, a feaport of Trtfyahcors, in the peninfula of Hindooftan. It belongs to the Dutch, and is 120 I miles S by E of Calicut. Lon. 75 30 I E, lat. 10 o N. Cochin-China, a kingdom of lAfiaj v-t^^nded on the E by the Eaft'- ern Ocean, on the N by Tonquin, on the W by Cambodia, and on the S by Ciampa, It abounds in gold, raw filk, and drngs, Their religion h much [the fame as that of China, and their I towns have gates at the end of each 1 ftreet, which are fliut every night. If I any 6re break out in a ward, all the in ~ llabitants are dcftrftyed, except the wo- Imen and children. Cocker, a river of Cumberland, Iwhich flowing through the lakes lof Butternnere, Cromack* watery and iLowes-watcr, joins the Derwenf, below ICockermouth. CocxERMQUTH, a populous bo- roiigh of Cumberland, with a market |dd Monday. It lies between' the Der- »ent and Cocker, over which arc two one briclg^s • and. between two hills, |di one of which ftands the church ; pn the other a caftle. It has a manu< ladoryof fhallooiis, wurfted (lockings, ind hats ; and the market is the bell; lor corn in the county, except that of Tenrith. It is 44 miles "NNW of ICendai, and 290 of London. CocoNATo, a town of Piedmont, ttmatkabic for being the birthplace of polumbus. It is ao miles E of Turin, Cod, Cape, on the S fide of Bof- »n Bay, in the Itrait of Mafl'achu- fetts, in N America. Lon, 70 18 W, |it. 41 N. CoDOGNo, a town of Italy, in the Jucliy of Milan, near the tjnfluence the Adda ani Po, 33 miles £ of raiia. COK OozsrztD, a town of 'Germanjr^' in the territories of the bifliop of Mun* fter, where he often t'efides. It is ne if the river Burkel, 22 miles SW of • Munfter. CoEVORDXK, a town of the Uni- ted Provinces, in OveryfTel, fortified by Cohorn, and furrounded by a mo.' rafs, 30 mi let) S of Groningen. Cognac, a town of France, in the department of Charente, with a caftle* where Francis I was bom. It is feated on the Charente, is remarkable for excellent brandy, and is 17 miles W, of Angoulefme. CoGNi, an ancient town of Tur- key in Afia, in Caramania, 170 miles S£ of ConflanUnople. Lon. 3556 £» lat, 37 56 N. ' CoGCESHAL, a town in EfTeXy with a market on Saturday. It ia feated on the Blackwater, has a manu- faftory of bays, and is 43 miles EN|E of London. CoiMBETTOKE, a province and town of the peninfula of tiindoofhin, in Myfore. It wis trken by general Medows, Jan. az, 1790, but retake.t by Tippoo Sultan, in Oftober 17919 and confirmed to him by the peace o£ 1792. It is 100 miles S by E of Se« ringapatam* Lon. 77 10 £, lat. 10 SN. CoiMBRA, a town of Portugal, capital of Beira, with a bifhop's fee, and a univerfity. , It ftands on a moun- tain, by the fide of the river Monde- go, 100 miles N£ of Liibon. Lon* 8 17 W, lat 40 12 E. CoiRZ, a town of SwifTerland, cap!* tal of the country of the Grifons, with a bilhop^s fee. It is fituate at tha, foot of the Alps, and is furrounded byan- cient brick walls, in the ftyle of forti- fication prior to the invention of gun- powder. It contains about 3000 fouls* and is divided into two parts, the leafl of which is the Roman catholic reli- gion, and the greatcft of the protef- tant. It is governed by its own laws, and is a nule from the Rhine, which here beg'ns to be navigable, and 4S' miles S of Conflance. Lon, 9 25 E, Jat. 46 50 N. CoiCENHAUsENi ft fttong town of O3 COL Kuffia, in the govemm'ntof Livo- nia* on the river Dwin^,, works ia £??abody and a curious bridge over the Severn, £Cnltrucred entirety of ni \ iron. There is alfu in the Dale, a re. markable fpring of foflTil tar, or pctto- lium, which has yielded a vaft quantity of that fubftaace ; but it is now mudi diminished. A work, for obtaining a fiiniiar kind of tar, from the condea. fti fmoke of pit-coal, has been ereft* ed here. CoLXNXT, Capx, a cape of thi ifland of New Caledonia, in the S Pici£c Ocean. Lon. 164 56 £, lat. ao 30 S. CoLXKAiNf a large borough of Ireland, in the county of Londondeny> on the river Bann, a 5 miles NEof i Londonderry. CqLXSHiLL, a town In Warwick* I ihire, with a market on Wednefdaji It is feated on the fide of a hill, on the Coin, over which is a ftone biidgej and is 1 1 miies NW of Coventry. | CoLXSHiLLi a village, four mild W of Rickmanfworth, in Herts, inaj part of that county which is icfulattdl in Bucks. It was the b'.ithptace of] the poet Waller. 1 CoLfoKD, a town of Giouceftn* (hire, with a market on Tuefday, miles N of Hereford. CoLiMA, a feaport of Mex'tnJ capita! of a valley of the fame narreJ It is feated at the mouth of a rivcrj near the N Pacific Ocean, 3ro mi'i W of Mexico. Lcn. 106 5 W, 19 10 N. CoLiouax, i in the departmei rei .es, and at the lomJiesSEofPei by the Spaniardt taken the next ye 50 54 N. CoLLE, an epi «ny, lo miles N COLLUMPTON TONf a town of nurket on Thurfdi len manufa^nry, ; river Coiamb, 12 r ter, and 150 W b CoLMAR, a city of the department It was formeily an i has been recently er ric. I; is feated t 35 Milfs S by W of 7 «7 E. lat. 48 5 CoiMAAS, a 101 the department of tfa CoLMosoxon, a pire of Raffia, ja an the liver Owina, wit lat* 50 54 N. CoLtEi an epifcopal tuwn of Tuf> ciuiy, 10 miles NW uf Sienna. COLLUMPTON, or CULLVMP- i^n, a town of Devonfliire, with a nurltet on Thurfday. It has a wool- len manufaftory, and is feated on the river Colomb, iz miles NN£ of Exe- ter, and 1 50 W by S of London. CoLMAR, a city of France, capital of the department of Upper Rhine. It was formeily an imperial town, and ha been recently ereded into a bifbop- ric. It is feated near th; river Ill> 35 miles S by W of Stcalb jrj. Loiu 7 17 E, lat. 4« 5 N. CoLMA«s, a lown of France, in tlw dtpartment of the Lower Alps, 20 wietEofDJgae. CotMosoKoo, a feowa of the em- lite of Raffia, in an iflaad fenned by thedverDwina, ^dian vcbbiihop*! fee, 30 miles SE of Archangel. Coin, n river of Eflezi which dfcs near Clare in Suflbik, and paf> ing by Halftead and Colchefter, emp- ties itfilf into the German Ocean» be- toeen Merfcy Ifland and the main land. At the mouth of this rivery are bred the famous Colch^ (tcr oyfteri. Coin, a river which rifes near Se- wnhampton in C!oucefteiihii%, flows to Fairford, and falls into the Thame* It Lechlade. Coin, a rivefwhlch rifes in Herts, ind dividing Middlefrx frum Buclcs, fill into the Thames above Staines. CoLNBROOK, a town, pai'tly in Middlefcx and partly in Buckingharo- Ihirc. It is feated on four branches of the Coin, 17 miles W of London. CoLNCi a town of Lancalhire, with a market on Wedtlefday, feated on a hill, 36 miles SE of Lancafter, ani 214 NNW of London. CoiocHiNA, an ancient town of Turkey, in the Morea, 50 miles SE of Mlfitra. CfitoczAi a town of Hungary, aa coir the Danubey coital of the county of Bath, with an archbiihop's fee, 57 miles S of Buda. Lon. 18 »9 £, lat. 46 38 N. CoLOGKA, a town of Italy, in th^ Paduan, 26 miles SW of Pathia. CococNC, an ancient city of Get«. many, capital of the electorate of Co> logne, widi an archbiihop*^ Ice, an^ a univerfity. It contains 10 collegiatt and 19 parochical churches, four abbies, 17 monafteries, 40 nunnerieSf and about 50 chapels } ail of which sgre candidates for the attention of the de- vout and curious, by tlieir ^e paint- ings, their treafures, or their relics. Cologne is fortified in the ancient man-r oer, v'ith ftrong walls, towers, an4 ditcher. It is a free .mperial city^ and though the elector h^s a palace here, he has not the liberty of fta^ing in it for many days together ; nor is he admitted to come at all with a nu- merous attendance. The inhabitant are generally Roman ca^oilcs, but there are fome proleftantSf wiw are obliged to perform divine fervice at Mnlheim, tiiree miies firom the city. In the cathedral are the g(dden chan. her or fireafury, the riches of which ara immenfe } and the chapel of the three; .Magi, in which they pretend to fhow the bo^ of the three Magi, called the Three Kings. Cologne was once one of tlie Hanfe Towns, celebrated for its commerce, which is now dwindled to the manufadure of a few ribandsi^ ftocldngs, lace, and fome tobacco. To perfecution it owes this decay ; tu the expulfion of the Jews in 1485, and^ of the proteftants in 1 6 1 8« Two thirds of this city have fince £iUen into ruins* and ftreets and ^uares >re convert- ed into kitchcngardens and vineyards.' Cologne was taken by the French,, ^ 0€t. 6, 1794. It is feated on the ' Rhine, 17 miles £ of Juliers. Lon» 7 xo E, lat. 50 55 N. Cologne, an eleAorate of Gero many, in the circle of the Lower Rhine. It is one of the moft fertile countries in the empire, and is bound* ed on the N by the duchy of Clevea and Guelderland, on the E by tlie fi>ichy of Berg, on the S by the arch- G4 •^ ■ r..' »•', J COL COM kilhopric of Treves, and on the W by the government of Mofcow, with an the duchy of Jullcrs. The ekftor is archbifhop's fee, 50 miles SE ot Mof. archcbancellor of the empire for Italy, cow. The revenues amount to 130,000). a Colsri, an Ifland of Greece, for. year. merly called Salamis. The principal CoLOMB, St. a town in Cornwall, town is of the fame name, at the hot. with a market on Thurfday, 10 miles torn of the harbour, which is one of W of Bodmi^. the fineft in the world. It is feven Colombo, a town on the W fide miles S of Athens. Lon. 24 5 £, of Ceylon. It was built by the Portu- iat. 38 o N. guefe in 1638, and in 1658 they Com, a populous town of Perlu, were expelled by fhe natives and in Irac Agemi, 10 miles N of Ifpa. Dutch. The natives live in the old han. town, without the walls of the new. Comachio, an epifcopal town of Lcn. 80 15 L, Iat. 7 10 N. Italy, in the Ferrarefe, on a lake of CotoMnoTz, a caftle of Turkey the fame name, 27 miles SE of Fer- in Europe, in Bulgaria, en a hill, rara. under jvhich is the ftrong pafs of Ura- Comachio, a lake of Italy, in the nia. Ferrarefe, between the two mouths of CoLOMXY, or CoLOMiA, a town the Po. . It is about-io miles in cir. ©f Poland ID Red Rufiia, on the Pruth, cumference ; but dry in fevefa' places, 4% miles SE of Hn/itz. Comana, or Cumana, a feaport CoLONNA, a town of Italy, in the of S America, capital of the province Canipagna of Rome, i8 miles E of of Comana, in Terra Firma. It is de- Rome, fended by a ftrong caftle. I*on. 64 CoLONSA, a fertile ifland, on the 29 W, Iat. 10 10 N. "W coaft of Scotland, feven miles W of Comanagotta, a town of S Atnerica, in Terra Firma, 10 miles W of Comana. Comb-Abbkt, a village in War. wickfibire, three miles from Covsntry, the ifland of Jura. CoLooR, a diamond mine of the peninfula of Hindooftan, near the fort ofCondavir, in the Guntoor Circar. Colorado, ariverof New Mexico, once famous for a rich abbey. The which being joined by the river of the church is dcmolifhed, but the abbey, • .Apoftles, enters the gulf of Califor- modernized, is the feat of lord Craven, nia, in Ion. loi o W, Jat. 32 20 N. Comb-Martin, a town of De. Color NO, a town of Italy, in the vonfliire, with a market 'on Tuefday. Parmafan, near the Po, eight miles It is feated on the Briftol Clianriel, from Parma. The duke of Parma where it has an inlet which runs has a pleafure-houfe here, one of the through the town. It is feven nilet jno/l delightful in Italy. £ of Ilfracombe. Coloswak, a town of Tranfylva- Comines, atownofFrance,inthe nia, where the ftates meet. It is feat- depaitment of the North, feated on the «d on the Samos, 37 miles NW of Lis, five miles SW of Menin. Weiffemburg, and 250 £ by'S of Vi- Commkrcy, a town of France, in cnna. Lon. 23 15 E, Iat. 46 53 N. the department of Me ufe, with a caftle Columbia, a town of S Carolina, built by cardinal de Retz. It is feat- on the river Congaree, juft below the ed on the Meufe, 160 miles £ of junAion of the Saluda and Broad Ri- Paris. vers. It ii the feat of the govern. Como, a populous town of Italy, in inent of S Carolina. the M.lanefe, with a bifhop's fee, (i- Columbia, a territory of NAme. tuate on the S extremity of the lake lica, the feat of the intended capital of of the fame name. It is furrounded the United States. See Washing- by a wall, and backed by a conical TON. eminence, on which are the ruins of Col VMM A| a town of Ruiiia, in an ancient caiUc* The cathedral ii a COM eoN liandfome edifire of white marble, he*vn from the neig'ibouring quarries. On the outfide of the church, is the futue of Pliny the Younger, in a niche, with % Latin infcriptioii b-ar- iiig the date of 1499. Pliny was born here} and, in his Letters, fpeaic^ with rapture of this delightful fituation. The inhabitants have eftabliflxed feveral ma- nufaftories of cotton and filk, and carry on fome trade with the.Grifons. Como is 80 miles KLi of Turin. Lon. 9 7 E, lat. 4S 45 N. foMO, the largeft lake in Italy, in the Milanefe, 88 miles in circumfe- rence, but not above fix milei over in any one part. CoMOKA Islands, five idands in the Indian Ocean, oppolite the coaft of Zknguebar. They are called Joanna, Mayotta, Mohi."i, Ange- zeia, and Comora. CoMORiNj Capi, the moft fuuth- ern point of the peninfula of Hindoo- ftaa. Lon. 77 32 E, Jat. 7 50 N. CoMOKRA, a town of Lower Hun- gary, capital of a territory of the fame name. It is fo well fortified, that the Turks could never take it. The in. habitants are of the Greek religion. It is featcd on the Danube, in the idand of Sibut, 70 nules S by E of Vienna. CoMPiEGNi, a town of France, in the department of Oife, near an ex- tenfive foreft, at the confluence of the Aifne and Oife. Here is a palace, in which the kings of France often re- fided. The Maid of Orleans was taken prifoner here in 1430. It is 45 miles NE of Paris. CoMPosTELLA, a Celebrated tovwi of Spain, capital of Galicia« with an ' irchbilbop's fee, and a unlverfity. It i« pretended that the body of St. James was buried here, which draws a great number of pilgrims. The archbifliop is one of the richeft prelates in Spain. From this town the military order of St. Jago, or St, James, had its origin. It is leated in a peninfula, formed by theTambra and Ulla, a^5 miles NW ofMadiid, Lon. 8 ij W, lat 4a 51 N. CoMPosTiLiAi Hbwi a towa of N America, in New Sp^in, near the Nf Pacific Ocean, 400 miles NW of Mexico. Lon. 109 4a W, lat. zi 20 N. CoNCAN, a low trail, on the W foift if the Daccan of Hindooftan* From this traA rifes abruptly that ftu- pendous wall of mouniainn •■>■»':.*!■'« #77; CON in the department ef Gers, lateiy an cpifcopal fee. It ia featrd on the Baif;, 31 miles W of Auch. Lon. o 36 £, lat. 44 I N. CoNDOftx, the capital of a num- htx of iflands, in the Indian Ocean. It produces fnangoe«» which grow on treei, as targe as apple-trees : the fruit is of die fise of a fmail peach, and» when ripe, has a pleafant fmell and tafte. The inhabitants are fmall in ftaturet well ihaped, and of a dark olive complexion : their faces are longj with black ftraight hair, fmall black eyeS) high nofes, thin lips, white teethi and little moutlis. Their chief cmploynnent is getting tar out of 'the trees. When any fhip arrives, they will bring their women on board, and offer them to the failors. The £ng- lifh Eaft India company had a fettle- snent here in 179^ i but the factors falling out with the nadves, moft of them were muitfered, and tlie reil driven dience in 1705* Lon. 107 26 E» lat. » 40 N* CoNDRiKU, a town of France, in tlie department of Rhone and Loire, remarkable for its excellent wines. It is feated near the Rhone, 17 miles S of Lyons. C0NXOLXN8, a town of France, in the department of Charente, on the river Vieane, 30 miles N£ of Angou- kfme. Co N c I B TON, a large corporate town «f Chefhire, with a market on Satur- day, feated on die river Dane. It has a chapel of eafe (the church being two miles diftant) a manufadory of leather gloves, and a more conAderable one in filk, there being a large filk-miM, which employs 7C0 hands. It is fcven miles S of Macclesfield, and 164 NW ef Loudon. Congo, a country of Africa, be- tween the equine Aiai line and 18 deg. •f S latitude, containing the countries of Loango, Angola, and Benguela. It was di (covered by the Portuguefe in S4S1, and is bounded on the N by Benin, by the inland part «f Africa •n the E, by Matamon on the S, and by the Atlantic on the W. It is fome- tinet^cd Xowtf Guinea ) aad~ the CON Portijguiefe have a great many fettle-' nients on the coaft, as well as in the inland C( untry. The inhabitants go almoft naked, worfhippipg the fun, moon, and ftars, belid; animals of ilifterent kinds} but the Portuguefe have made many converts. Congo, propeily fo called, extends 1 50 miles along the coaft, and 37 a inland. From March to September is called the winter feafon, when it rains al-. moft every day ; and the fummer is from October to March, when the weather is ferene. The inhabitants are Ikilful in weaving .cotton cloth, and trade in flaves, ivory, caflia, and ta- marinds. The river Zaire is full of crocodiles and liver-horfcs. The prin- cipal town is St. Salvador. CoNi, a town of Piedmont, capi- tal of a territory of that name, with a citadel, at the confluence of the Grefle and Scure, 35 miles S of Turin. CoNiNGSECK, a town of Suabia, capital of a county of the fame name, so miles N of Conftance. CoNiNr.TON, a village in Hunting. donfhire, near Stilton, at the head of the river which forms Ug-mere, Brick- mere, and Whittlcfea-mcre. CoNisTON MxRZ, a lakeof Lan- cafhire, which has plenty of char. CoNNAVGHT, a provii'ce of Ire- land, bounded on the E by Leinfler and Munfter, on the S by the latter province, on the W and N by the At- lantic, and on the NW by Ulller. It is 130 miles ': an the ^. It it delightfatly fituate between the Black Sea and the Archipelago. Conftantine the Great chofe tiiis place for his abodc^ and rebuilt it after the model of Rome* It was taken in i^f%t by the Turks. It i& computed, that there are 377O' Aveett and lanes, but they are feldom clean ; and the people arc infefted with the plague almod every year. The inhabitants ate half Tv>ikK, two'thirda of the o:he» half Chrinbns, and the reft JtiKt • There is -a matket for flavcs of both fexes : and the Jews «re the • principal merchants, who bring them here to be fold. A great num* bet of gitls are brought from Giexc^t Candia^ Circaflia^ Mingrelia, ' and Georgia, for the Turks, who gene* rally buy them for ^eit feraglioi* The circumference of this city it faidy • by Tournefort, to be fj miles } to wjiich, if we add Uie fiilhorbSf it mif 0% COB be 34* The faburb, called Pera, U the place where the foreign ambafla- ion refide. The palaceS} mofquet) bagnt09» and caravanfaras^ are many of them magnificent. It is iia miles Sof Adrianople, and 700 SE of Vienna. Lon. aS 59 £, lat. 41 i N. Comstantinoflk.tmeStrait 9T, anciently the Thracian Bofphorusi and forming the communication be- tween the Euxine or Black Sea, and the Propontis or fea of Marmora. It is 10 miles long) and a mile broad, where it is narroweft. It forms the feparadon here between Europe and Afia ; and on one fide of it is fituate Conftandnoplef and, on the other, Scutari (where the grand flgnior has his feraglio) which is confidered as a fuburb to the city. , CoNSTANTINOW, a tOWTl of Po-* bad, In Volhinia, on the river Selucza, 62 miles N£ of Kuninieck. CoNTissA>a feaportof Turkey in Xurope, on a gulf of the fame name, in the Archipelago,' aoo miiles W of Conftantinople. Lon. 93 58 E, lat. 41 8 N. CoMTi, a town of France, in the department of Somme. It gave the title of prince to a branch of the late loyal family. It is feated on the Seille, 14 miles SW of Amiens, sifii 6a N of Paris. CoMvxRSAi^o, a town of Naples, hi Terra cii Bari, with a, biihop's fee, 22 miles SE of Bari. ' Co^ WAY, atown of Carnarvon/hire, with a markrt on Friday ; -feated at the niouth of the Conway, and dif- tingulHied by the mafTy remains of its aoble caftle. It is 18 miles WNW of Denbigh, and 235 of London. Conway, Valx of, a long and Barrdw tra£t of Carnarvon/hire. It is fomantlc and beautiful } affords rich pafturagp, corn-fields, and groves 5 and forms a p'eafing contrail to the bleak region of Siiowdon frowning above it. Conway, a river of N Wales, which Hows through the vale of the fitme name, along the whole eaftern border of Carnarvonlhire, and ' enters IIm liMi S»ii, at the town of Conwajr. COP ' Co N z At an ancient town of Naples, in Principato Ulteriore, with an arch- bilhop's fee, almoft ruined by an earth- quake in 1694. It is 52 miles £of Naples. ' Cook's Rive a, a large nver of N America, which flows into the N Pacific Ocean. It was difcovered, in 1778, by captain Cook, who left a blank for its name, which was filled up, after his death, by the earl of Sand, wich. It was traced as high as lat. 61 30 N, lon. 150 o W, above 70 leagues from its mouth. Cook's Stkai-t, a ftrait in the S Pacific Ocean, dividing the two iflands of which New Zeland is compofed. Coorsa's Hill, a hill in Surry, celebrated by Denham^s poem of the fame name. Its bafe extends along the edge of the famous Runnymead ; its fummit is crowned by the village of EnglefiJd Green } and it is 191 miles W by S of London. Co.os, an ifland in the Archipelago, 56 miles' NW of Rhodes, fubje£l to Uie Turks. Lon. 27 44 E, lat. 17 1 N. CurcNKAGSN, the capital. of Den« mark, with a uniyerfity. It is the l^efl- built city of the North ; and owes its beauty to a dreadful fire, in 1728, that deftroyed five churches and 67 ilreets, which have been rebuilt in the modern ftyle. The new part of the town, raifed by Frederic V, confiils of an oAagon, containing four uniform and elegant buildings of hewn ftone, and of four broad ilreets, leading tn it in oppofite directions. In the middle is an equeftrian fi:atae of that king iti bronze. The royal palace, called Chriftianhurg, buUt by Chriftian VI, one (^ the mod commodious and moft fumptunufiy furni/hed in Europe, was delVroyed by fire, Feb. 26, 1794. The ftreets are interfered by canals, which bring the merchandife dole to the warchoufes that Vmn the quays. The city is five miles in circum- ference, and is feated on the ille of Zeland, 300 miles SW of Stockholm. Lon. 12 40 £, Idt. 55 41 N. See Amak. CertLOWATi* a towu of Tvukey (>OR inEttropCj in Bulgaria. Lon* 36 35 E, lat. 46 40 N. CoFORiAy a town in the Ruflian government of Peterfbjurgh, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. Lon. 29 o E, Jat. 59 34 N. Co QUIT, a river of Northumber* land, which enters the German Ocean, at Warkworth. .- C0Q.WK1 > an ifland on the coaft of Northumberland) oppoHte the mouth ofthe/ivcr Coqucfc CoquiMBO, a feaport in Chili, on a river of the fame name. Lon. 71 ,1 W, lat. 29 54 S. Corah, or CesAHjEHXNABAb, a city of Hindooftan Proper, in the Pooab, fubjeA to the nabob of Oude. It is 60 miles SS W of Lucknow. Lon. 79 45 E, lat. 26 5 N. Corbach, a town of Germany, in the principality of Waldeck, 10 miles NW of WaldetJc. The hereditary prince of Brunfwick wras defeated here by the French in 1760. CoRBXCK, a town of Auftrian Brabant, three aultt S of Louvain. CoRBXiL, a town of France, in the department of Seine and Oife, fcated on the Seine, 17 miles S of Paris. QoKBiz, a town of France, in the department of Somme, feated on the Somme, 10 miles E of Amiens. CoRBY, a town of Germany, on the confines of Weftphalia, with a fa- mous abbey, whofe abbot is a Ibvetetgn prince. It is feated on the Weftr. Lon. 9 30 E, lat. 51 50 N. Cordova, an eptfcopal town of Spain, in AndaluTiaj remarkable for its antiquity, it being well known to the Romans by the name of Corduba. It is I'cated on the GiMdal()uiver, over which is a magnificent Acme bridge. The cathedral was a mofque, when the Moors pofleiled the town } for which reafon it retains the name of Mtzquita. The trade confiftsin wine, filk, and Cordovan leather. The beft buifes in Spain, come hence. Cjr- dovais 75.miles NE of Seville, and 137 S by W of Madrid. Cordova, a town of S America, ioTucuman, with a biOiop's fee, iSo CORV mile9 from St. Jago. Lon. 6z It is row greatly decayed. On a mount tfierc, called Oneius, were formerly celebrated the Ifthmian games. There are ftill the ruins of a town upon it, and of the temples dedicated totheSifli,^ Piuto, Diana, Ne| tune, Ceres, and Bacchus. The inliabitants are chiefly Chriftians, of the Greek church. It is 40 mi cs NW of Athens. Lon. 23 3 E, lat. 3B 14 N. Corinth, the ifthmus of, in the Mnrca, which joins the Morea to Li- vadia, arid reaches from the gulf of Lepanto to that of Engia. Julius Cefar, Caligula, and Nero, in vain at- tempted to cut a channel through it t tbcy therefore built a wall acrefi it^ COR called Hezamllium, becaufe it was Cit miles in length. This was demoliihed by th« Turks. CoRiTA, a town of Spain, in Leon, 23 miles £ of Salamanca. Cork, a county of Ireland, in the province of Muniler, 80 miles in length, and 50 in breadth ; boti)ided on the W by Kerry and the Atlantic, on the N by Limerick, onrthe E 'by Waterford, and on the S and SE by St. George's Chann^. It contains 232 pariihes, and fends 26 members to par. llament. Cork, the capital of the county of Cork, in Ireland, with a biihop's fee. It is a rich and populous place, on the river Lee, where it has a commodiour harbouri It was taken by the earl of Marlborough in 1690. It furpaiTes all the towns in Ireland for trade, except Dublin. It is 124 miles SW of Dub. lin. Lon. 8 23 W, lat. 51 54 N. Co R L I N , a town of Pru flian Pome, rania, feated on the river Per(ant, eight miles S£ of Coiberg. CoRMZNTiK, a Dutch fort'refi on the Gold coaft of Guinea. Below it is the town, which is large and .popu>: lous. . Lon. o 15 W, lat. 5 30 il. CoRMERY, a town of France, in . the department of Indre and ' Loire, . Aated on the Indre, eight miles fma Tours. CoRKZvr, a caftle on the iiland of' Guernfey. Lotu z 40 W, lat. 49 39 N. CoRNXTo, a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, with a biihop's ie'e, feated on the river Marta, 37 miles NW of Rome. Cornwall, r4 county of England, .j bounded on the E by the Tamar,< which parts it from Duvonihire; on the S by the Englifli Channel, and on the NW by St. George's Channel, It'i length from £ to W is 90 milei, its breadth next to Devonlhire, isabore (o ; but it foon contradls, and at St, ivcs does not exceed five : it then f)>rcadi a little to the S and SW, and terminates in two points, one of which is called the Lizard, and the other the Land's End. 1 1 is in the diocefe of £xetcr| ii)d containi niac hundredth COR £7 market towns, and i6rpa»fl>eS} and it feuds 44 members to parliament. It derives its chief importance from Its minerals. The oiin^s of tin are nu- merous, and have rendered thiS county famous in all ages. The copper mines are alfo numerous. In many parts of the rocks are found tranfparent cryftals, called Corniih diamonds, they being Tery brilliant when well polilhed. This county was one of the places to whi:h the ancient Britons retreated, wiiofe language was retained even to this century, but it is iio\^ quite ex- tinct. The king's elde^ft fon is 6orn dulce of Cornwall, and derives a re- venue, not only^ from lands appertain- ing to the duchy~ (which has an office in Soinerfet Place) but from the mines of tin and copper. He has under him an officer, called lord warden of the Stannary Courts, whofe jurifdi£tion extends over the mines and miners of Cornwall and Devonihire ; and he ap. points, in his privy council, the iheriff of the former county. CORO. See VSNKZVEtA* * CoKOMANBEL, the eaftcfh coafVof tlie peninfula of Hin>loo(tan, extend- ing Ijctween 10 and 1 6° N iat. CoRONy a feaport of the Morca, feated on a bay, 15 miles S£ of Mo- don. Lon. XI 50 E, Iat. 36 50 N. CoRCNATioN, Cape, a cape of the iflaod of New Caledonia, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon. 167 8 £, Iat. »» S S. CoRREGio, a town of Italy, capi- tal of a territory of the fame name, in the Modenefe, with a caAle» nine miles N£ of Reggio. Cor R Ez X, a department of France, containing the late province of Limo- Gn. It takes its name from a river, which falls into the Vezere, after hav- ing watered Tulles and Brives. Tul- b is the capital. CoRSHAM, a town in Wilts, where the Saxon king Ethelred had a palace. In this town are feme confiderable do- thlert. It is four miles SW of Chip- penham, and 96 W of London. Corsica, an ifland in the Medl- terranein, between 8 and loo E lon. vA 41 and 4}" N lau On the S it COR V is fepahtcd from Sardinia, by the ftra1tfe»5, of Bonifacio j to the E it has the Tuf- cau Sea j to the N the gulf of Genoa y and to the Wit is oppofitcthe coafts of France and Spain. It is 1 50 miles from N to S, and from 40 to 50 in breadth. It was known to the ancient Greeks by the names of Callifta and Cyrnus, and to the Romans by its prefent appellation. On the coaft are many excellent harbours. I*- is moun- tainous, but fruitful vallies are inter- fp':rfed j and it has fome fine lakes and rivers. With refpeil to produfts, Corfica has nothing pet^uliar to itfelf j. but in the earliefl times it has been famous for its fwarms of bees, and produces vaft quantities of honey>- which, however, is reckoned bitccr, on account of the box-wood and yew with which the country abounds. Af- ter many revolutions], this ifland wasy . for fome centuries, under the dominion of the Genoefe, whofe tyranny** was fuch, that the Coificans were almoft' in a perpetual ftate of infurreftioni. In 1736,3 German adventurer, Theo- dore baron NewhofF, brought fome afliftance to them, and, on his afTu- rances of more powerful aid, they eledled him king} but, as hs could not fubflantiate his promifes, he was obliged to leave the iiland. He came to England, was thrown into the Fieet prifon, releafed by an a£t^f infulven- cy (after having regiftered his king- dom of Corftca for the benefit of his creditors) and fuft'ered to die in ex- treme indigence. The Genoefe, tired of the conteft, fold the fovercignty tQ France in J767J and the celebrated Paoli, who had been clc£\ed to the (^ief command, in 1755, was obliged 'to abandon the ifland in 1769. After the French revolution in 1789, Cor- sica was admitred as an eighty-thivd department of Fiance, at the particular rcqueil of a deputation, of which Paoii was at the head. In confequence, how- ever, of fome events which followed the revolution of 1792, t'aoli revolted} the French, by the affidance of the Englifh, were expelled from the^dand } and Corfica, on the 19th of June 1794, was declared annexed to tiie impcn^ COR efown of Great Britain, according to a new conftitution wWch had been pre- vioufly formed. B:iftla is the largeft town j but Corte, in the centre of the ill tnd, is reckoned the capital. CoKSOER, a feaport of Denmark, on the W fide of the ifle of Zealand, on a peninfula, in the Great Belt. It is defended by a citadel. Lon. 1 1 jz E, iat. 55 12 N. CoRSTORFHiN, a village, three miles W of Edinburgh, noted for its cream. CoRTE, the prefent capital of Cbr- fica, as Baftia was under the govern- ment of the Genoefe. It is fixed for the feat of the viceroy and parliament ' of Coifica, agreeably to the conftitu- tion of 1794, by which that king- dom was annexed to the crown of Great Britain. It is feated partly at the foot, and partly on the declivity, of a rock, at the confluence of the Tavignano and Reftonica. On the poin». of a rbck, rifing above the reft, at the back of the town, is the caftle, which has only one winding paiTage to climb up, in which only two perfons can go abreaft. It is 27 miles SW of Baftia. ton. 9 26 E, Iat. 42 6 -N. CoRTis, a town of Germany, in the bifliopric of Liege, 10 miles NE of Ramillies. CoRTONA, a tov. r 1 with a biftwp's fee, Sienna. ' CoRUKNA, a feaport v ' Galicia, at the mouth of the It is the Itation of the SpaniOi boats, which huve failed hence to Fal- mouth, am! back again, ever fince the tomn'encenicnt of the prefent war. Lon. 8 19 V/, Iat. 43 18 N. ' CoRvo, the fnnalleft ifland of the Azor°s, [■■: called from the abundance of crows found upon, it. Lon. 31 5 W, If c. 3<> 42 N. Cor YVREKAN, a dangerous whirl- pool on the W coaft of Scotland, be- tween ti-c i(le of Scaiba and the N pol.it of that of Jura. CoRzotA, :n 'fland of D ed and crowhed. It has a uiiiverfity, and was on« almoft in the centre of Poland ; but, fince the partition of the country, in 1774, '' '* become a fron- tier town. Many of the ftrcets are broad and handfoiiie ; but almoft every building bears the marks of ruined grandeur. This devaftation was be- gun by the Swedes, in 170Z, when it was taken by Charles XH. It haa CR A> experienced greater calamities (!unng the commotions of tlie prefent reign ; having been taken and retaken by the Ruffians and the confd^M.tes. "When the general inmrreflion broke ouc, in I794i agaiadthe Piuffian and RuHian ufurpers of the Holiih territory, Kof- clufco, the chief of the patriotic infur- gents, expelled the RuHian gartiibn, from this city, Oii the 24ch of March, 1794; ^^^ having inarched, in the fequel, to the prot-idlion of Warfaw, Cracow furrendered to the PiuHians, on the 15th of June. On a rock, nfar the Viftula, is the .mcient royal palace, fuiTounded by walls and towers, vvhich ferm a kind of citadel. In this place are ftill kept the reg?'ia of Poland j and, adjoining, is the cathedral (with> in the walls of the citadel) in which moft of the fovcreigns are interred. Cracow is feated bn the Vjfhila, 130 miles SSW of Warfaw, Lon. 19 50 £i Ut. 50 10 N. CxAiGMiLtAK, « ruinous cadie, two »ii«« .^E »f £d thence called little Fiance. C«Ait, a borough of FifeOiire, at the mouth of the frith of Forth, feven miles SE of St. Andrew's. Craikbvkg, a town of Germany, in C.irnioia, on the river Save, 20 miles NWof Laubach. Crammond or AtMoNo Wa- ter, a river of Edinburghihire, which divides that county from Linlichgow- ihire, and fjjls into the frith of Forth, at the village of Crammond, a place remiirkabie for the traces uf a great Roman ftation. CsANBauRif, a town of Dorfct- fliire, with a market on Wedneldjy, and a fine chafe, vvhich extends almof^ to Salifbury. It is 38 miles NE of Doichefter, and 94 W of London. CxANjiBouK, a town in Kent, witli a mai ltd on Saturday, 1 3 miles S of Maiddone, and 52 S£ of London, CiiAKCANoRE, a town and fort on the coaO: of Ma!ab». In 1789, the Putch fold this place Co the r^ah of CRE Travancore. But Tippoo Sultan, re- gent of Myfore, difputing their right to fell it, a war enlued between that prince and the rajah, who being fup. ported by the Ep^liih, and their ahies, th; nizam of the Deccan and the Mah- rattas, the war was happily ter*- inated in. 1792} Tippoo coufentin^ to pay three crores of rupees toward the«. pences of the war, and to cede ont half of his dominions to the three con< federate powers, Cranganore is feated at the mouth of a river, 14 miles N by W of Cochin, Lon. 76 30 E, Ut. 10 23 N. Crato, a town of Phlch 5,860 are warriors. Their principal towns lie in Iod. 86 a8 W, lat. 32 o N. The county abounding with creeks and rivuiett, they thence derive their name. Crxetowh, a fmall port of Scot* land, on the E fide of "Wigton Bay, in Kirkcudbri^htlhire. Cr I c F r , a town of Peithfliire, with an annual fiir for cattle, one of the greateft in Scotland. It is feated on the Earn, 20 miles W of Perth. Creil, a town of Ftancc, in the department of Oife, fitted on theOil'e, five miles from Senlis. Ckxma, a town of Italy, upltal ofCrcmafco, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated on the Scrip, 20 miles N of Placcncia. Cremiu, a town of France, in the department of Ifere, ut the foot oi i CRI CRO Dountaln* 4 mile from ihe ?Jiane> Lop. 5 20 E, lat. 45 44 N. CkEMNiTZy the principal mine- tr,wn of Upper Hungary^ 70 miles NE of Prefbuig. Cremona, an ancient town of Italy« capital of tlie Cremonefe, with 1 caftle, a bifliup's fee, and a uni- veriity. In 170a, prince Eugene in- troduced a body of troops by a fubter- rintan paHiige, furprifed and took prilbner nuiflial Villeroy, and, but tor an accident, would have takcki (he town. Cremona Is feated on the Po, 30 miles NV/ of Parma. CsEMONESE, a territory of Italy, In tiic duchy of Milan, bounded on the £ by Nfantua, on the N by Bref- clano, on the W by Cremafco, and on the S by Parma. It is fubjeft to the houfe of Auftria. Cremona is the tapit!«l» Ceemfxn, a town of Holfteln, ive miles from Hamburg. CaESCiNTiNO, a town of Pied- mont, on the river Po» ao miles N£ ot Tiifiij. Crxspy, a town of France, In ttie department of Oife| ij miles S of Compiegne. CsxssT. SeeC»»cv. CaxsT, a town of France, In the defortment of Drome, feated on the Drome, 15 miles S£ of Valence. Ckkvicoxur, a town of France, in the department of the North, feat- ed oa the Scheld, five ipiles S of Cam- bray. Crevxcozur, a town and fort of Dutch Brabint, at the confluence of the Dommel with the Maefe, four miles NW of Bois-le-Duc. It was taken by the French, Sept. 28, 1794. Creuse, a department of France, fo named from a river that fails into the Vienne. It contains the late pro- vice of Marche, and Gueretis the capi- tal. Criwk E a N K , a town of Somerfet- ihire, with a market on Saturday ; 131 miles W by S of London. Crickhowel, a town of Breck- nockffiire, with a market on 7 hurf- day, feated on the Uflt, 10 miles E by S of Brecknock. ., .., CxiCKLACx, 9 borough of V/ilts, with a market on Saturday. It h ai- mod furrounded by the Thames, and is 15 miles SW of Oxford, and S3 W of London. Crimxa, or Crim TartarV, the ancient Tauilca Clierfonefus, a pcninfula in A(ia, bounded on the S and W by the Black Sea ; on the N by the province of Catharinenflaf, with which it communicates by the ifthmus of Perekop ; and on the S by the fea of Afoph M»l the ftrait of Caffa. After various revolutions, it bec.:mc fubjeit to the Tartars, whole khans, however, were tributary to the Turks, till 1774, when their independency was ftipulatcd in the treaty of Cainargi. In 1783, the Rujiians took ponc/fion of the country ; the following year, it was ce- ded to them by the Turks j and the peaceable poflefllon of the whole waj fecured to them, in X79i» by the ceflion of Oczakow. The Crimea 13 divided into two parts, by mountains which run E and W. The N divifion is flat, poor^ a^ £t fox tallwafie on>y. iu tbe S parts, the vaJlics are aftoniAingly produAive» and the cli- mate extremely mild, from the ex- clufionof thofe violent winds by which the N divifion is frequently incommo* ded. The pofltrflion of the Crimea feems to have decided for ever the conteft for fuperibrity between the rival courts of Petertburg and Conilan- tinople. Achmetfted was made the capital, in 17^5. The Crimea now forms one ot the two provinces of the government of CatharinenHaf, under the name of Taurida. In fome late maps it is called Taurica. Croatia, a province of Hungary^ hounded on the N by Sclavonia, oil the E by Bofnia, on the S b^ Dalnna- tia and the gulf of Venice, and on the W by Carniola. The greatcft part of it belongs to the houte of Auf- tria. Cariftadt is the capital Croia. a town 01" Albania, with a biihop'i. fee, near the gulf of Venice,. 13 miles NE of Duraizo. Croisic, orCROisiL, a town of France, in the department of Lower iK>ire, between the oiuutlu of tiie. m CRO Loire and Vilaine, 35 miles W of Nantes. Loa. 2 31 W, lat. 47 17 N. Cr oix, St. a river of N Americai which forms the eaftern boundary of the United States, and falls into Paf- famaquody Bay. Cromack-watir, a lake of Cumberland, between Buttermere- water, and Lowes- water, with each of which it is connedtcd by the river Cocker. It abounds with very fine char »nd red trout. Cromarty, a county of Scotland, which comprehends part of a peninfula on the S fide of the frith, to which it ' gives name. On the S and W it is bounded by Rofsfhire. It is 1 a miles long from E to W, and three is its g'reateft breadth. It is fertile and well cultivated j and fends one mem- ber to parliament) alternately vnth Njjrne. " Cromarty, the capital of the /hire of Cromarty, at the mouth of the frith of the fame name. This borough has a manufactory of coarfe ibth, and a connwrableccailing trade. It is 16 miles N of Invernefs. Lon. 3- 53 W, lat. 57 44 N. ' Crom£r, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Saturday. It is feated rear the German Ocean, and had for- merly two churches, one of which, ytith feveral houfes, was fwallowed up by the ocean. It is zz miles N of Norwich, and 127 NE of London. Cromford, a village in Derby- fhire, on the river Derwent. Here Mr. (afterward fir RichaVd) Ark- wright, ereded fome of the liew cotton- mills, a capital improvement of mecha- nifm due to him ; by means of which the various branches of the cotton ma- nufa<£ture have wonderfu'ly fpread in this and the adjacent counties. Here alfo he built a noble feat, and a church. Cromford is 14 miles NNW of Derby. Cronach, a town of Germany, in the bi/hopric ofB.imberg, with a citadeK It is 25 miles NE of Bam- berg. Cronborc, a fortrefs of Denmark, on the iHe of Zealand, near EIHnore, which guards the paOage of the Sound. CRO In this fortrefs is a palace. In whlcli the unfortunate queen Matilda was imprifoned till flie was permitted to retire to Zell. Mot far from this, is a garden, caUed Hamlet's Garden, faid to be the fpot where the murder of his father was perpetrated. Lon. 12 54 E, lat. 56 o N. Cronenburg, a town in CUD CUL whith jetween The are the ncoln- lay. It btmer- Ere is no feways, The ■J fowl, gh, and y, with an hof- )y arch- iich are e arch- lad here Irom the 1780 ! IremifeSt fiufa^O' lies. Croydon is nine miles S of Lon- don. Lon o 1 W, lat. 51 40 N. Cruxhaven, a fmall ffapott of Germany, in the N part of the duchy of Bremen, feated at the mouth of the Elbe, 70 miles NW of Hamburg. Cuba, a fertile ifland of the Weft Indies, at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico, 700 miles in length, and 87 in breadth. Ic was dlfcovered by Co- lumbus, in 1492. The Spaniards are entirely mafters of it, having ex- tirpated the natives. The produce is fugar-canes, ginger, ca/Iia, wild cin- namon, and tobacco of more exqui/ite flavour than any brought from t^~ New World. Havanna is the caf ' .. This iflajid was taken by the Eng'.i'i in 1761, but reftored in 1763. ' ; is 75 miles N of Jamaica. Cuba, a town of Portr j, it, Aleiitejo, 36 miles from Evora. Cub AG u A, a barren iflard ot S America, between that of M re" : and Terra Firma. Here the Sf na ds, in 1509, eftabliflied a fifliery of pearls, in diving for which thejLpmpIOyed tlie Indians ; a dangerous and unhealthy fervice, which, in addition to their other calamities, contributed not a lit- tle to the extinftion of that unhjppy race. Lon. 54 30 W, lat. 10 15 N. Cuban, a large river, formed by the junftion of many ftreams that rife in the countries between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. It divides the Abkhas and Circaflians from part of Taurica, and falls into the Black Sea, Cuban orCuBAN Tartary, a country of Afia, in the Ruffian province of Tai rica; bounded on tlie W by the fea of Afoph ; on the N by the Dun, which feparates it from Europe j on the E by the dcfert Of Aftiacanj and on the S by the river Cuban. CucKFiELD, a town of Suflex, with a niavkec on Friday, 13 miles NW of Lewes, and 40 S by W of L'indon. CupPALORE, a town on the coaft of Coioniandcl, belonging to the Eny- lifli, very rjear the place where fort St. Ddvid flood. It was taken by the French in 1781 j and, in 1783, it flood a fevere fiege againft the Eog- lifli, which was ended by the intelli- gence received of thfe peac. It is 80 miles S of Madras. .T4. 79 45 £, lat. 11 41 N. CuDDAPA, atovinc He peninfula of Hindouftan, ceded by 'x :ppoo Sultan to the nizam of the Dec«an. It is feated on the Pennar, 95 miles W by N of its entrance, at Gangapatnam, into the bay of Bengal. Lon. 78 47 E, lat. 14 3 N. CuRKzA, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, with a bifhop's fee, on the river Xucar, 74 miles E by S of Madrid. CuLZMBACH, a town of Franco- '- , capital of the margravate gf the .e ;iame, with a citadel. It is feat- m tlie Maine, 25 miles NE of Bamberg. CuLZMBURG, a town of Dutch Ouelderland, on the river Leek, la miles SE of Utrecht. It was taken, in 167a, by the French, who difmantk«J it two years after. CuLiACAN, a town of N Ame- rica, in Mexico, capital of a province of the fame name. It is oppofite the S end of California. Lon. J08 5 Wy lat. 24 o N. CuLLEN, a royal boroMgh, on the coaft of Banffbhive, 40 miles NW of Aberdeen. Near it are three lofty fpiring rocks, called the Three Kir^gs of CuUen. Lon. 2 40 W, lat. 57 40 N. CutLUMPTON. SeeCoLLUMP- TON. CuLLODEN MuiR,a widc heath, in Scotland, three miles E of Invcrnefs, on which the duke of Cumberland gained a decifive vidlory over the re- bels, in 1746. Culm, a town of Weftern Pruf- fia, with a bifliop's fee, (catcd near the Viftula, 60 miles S of Dantzjc. CuLMORZ, a town of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry, i rated on the coaft of Loughfoyle, five miles N of Londonderry. CuLMSEZ, a town of Poland, five miles from Culm, whofc bifhop gene- rally rcfidcs here. CuLRoss, a borough on the f.ith of Foitb, in a traft of country be- -4 CUR twecn Clackma-i lanfli're and Klnrofs* fliirr, which is reckoned an appen- dage of the county of Perth. It is remarkable for an ancient palace or abbey, Lon. f 34. W, lat. 56 4 N, CuMANA. Sec COMANA. Cumberland, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the N by Scotland; on the E bv Northumberland, Dur- ham, and Weftmoil ind ; on the S by LancaHiire} and on the W by the Iriih Sea and Solwiy Frith. It is 70 miles from SW to NE, and jo in its greateft breadth from E to "W. It contains ohc city, 14 market-towns, and 90 pari/hesj lies in the diocefesof Chefter and Carl flej and fends (ix members to parliament. There are mines of coal, had, copper, lapis cjlaminaiis, and black lead y the latter of which is almoft peculiar to this county, which contains more than is fufficient to fup- ply all Europe. The Skiddaw is the principal mountain. This county and Weftmorland are celebrated, for their lakes; which have been repeatedly de- fcribed by the pen and pencil. The 'lakes ill Cumberland are Derwent- water, Baffenthwaite- water. Butter- mere- water, Cromack water, Lowes- ,water, Uils-water, Weft-water, En- nerdale- water. Elder-water, Broad- water. Sec. Carlifle is the capital. Cumberland, a county of Penn* fylvania, 37 miles long, and 28 broad. In 1790, it contained 18,243 inhabi- tants. Carlifle is the capital. CvMBR AY, Great apd Lit TLK, two ifljnds in the frith of Clyde, to the E of the iflc of Bute. The former is remarkable for its excellent freeftone quarries, and the ruins of an ancient cathedral. Upon tiie latter is a light- houfe. Cunningham, the moft northerly divifion of AyrHiire. CurAR, a royal borough of F'fe- fliire, eight miles N by E of Fa'kland. It is the county-town, and is fcatcd on the river Eden. Curacao, an illand of S Ameri- ca, to the N of Terra Firma, fubjedl t* the Dutch. It is 25 miles in length, and 12 in breadth, and its trade con- fifts in fugar and ikins. The prin«pal CUT town Is of the fame name, with a good herbour and a fort. CuRDisTAN, a country of Afia, feated between the Turkifli empire and Pe fia, lying along the eaftern coaft of the irver Tigris, and com- prehending great part of ancient Af. fyria. Some of the inhabitants live in towns and villages, and others rove from place to place, haying tents like the wild Arabs, and being robbers like them. Their religion is partly Chrif. tianity and partly Mahometanifm. Curia-Maria, an ifland on the coaft of Arabia Felix, oppofite the mouth of the river Prim. Lon. 55 25 E, lat. 17 o N. CuRsoLiXRS, a fnnall Ifland of Li. vaJia, in the gulf of Patras. CuRzoLA, an ifland in the gulf of Venice, on the coaft of Dalmatia: it is about 20 miles long, and has a tcwa of the fame name, with a bifliop's fee. It belongs to the Venetians. Lon. 17 I5E, lat. 43 6N. CusHAi, a river of N Carolina, which empties itfelf into Albemarle Sound. C u s s t T , a town of France, In the department of AUicr, 17 miles N of Roanne. CusTRTN, the capital of the new marche of Brandenburg, with a caflle, feated at the confluence of the Oder an ] Warta. In 1760, it was bom- barded and reduced to afhes by the Ruflians. Cuftrin Is 46 miles £ by N of Berlin. Lon. 14 40 E, lat, 51 40 N. CuTAis, the capital of Imerltla, 1 and the re/idence of itsfovereign; but it fcarcely deferves the name of i vil- lage. Lon. 43 E, lat. 43 35 N. Cuzco, a town of S Americaiinj Peru, formerly the refidence of the incas. It is feated at the foot of 1 1 mountain j contains eight large pa- rlfhes, and five religious houfcsj and! the number of inhabitants is aboutj 50,000, of which three- fourths artj the original Americans. It ii 3351 miles S of Lima. Lon, 73 47 W,| lat. 12 o S. CuTCH, a territory in Hindoolba Proper, governed by a rajah of itsownJ .'■Ix^ii^ijf-'.^'iiMji'^'i:^. ^£^ii.i^^^i.>itii^kiE^*j,. ^-f.-. ^.taitri^.r.vw '. CZE DAG tndfiwate on the SEof Sindy; theE moBntams, it becomei fuIF, and a# branch of the Indus Tcparating the two countries. Ic extends along the N coaft of the ga\f of Cutch, and is fe> parated from Ouaserat by the river Puddar. Its cpital is Boodge-boodge. Cyprus, an ifland in the Mediter- ranean, near the coaft of Syria. It name, wriih a caftle. It is feated on was taken by the Turks from the Ve- netians in 1570, The foil is an ex- cellent fertile clay; and, if the natives were induftrious> they might make ic aparaHifc. There is one archbifh-'p and three bifl» >ps. The pricfts are ex- tremely ignorant, and they fubmit to the moft fervile employment to get tnnney. The cxprrts of the ifland are fillc, wo6l, and wine. Nicofia is the opital. Cyr, St. a village of France, two miles from Verfailles, lately celebrated TSA'^UL, a town of the Deccan of for a nunnery founded by Lewis XIV, Hindooftan, on the coaft of Con«, under the patronage of madame dc can, 75 miles S by W of Bombay. Maintenon, who was herfelf the ab. Lin, 72 50 £, lat. iS -o N. befs til her death in 1719* Dacca, a city of Hindooftan Pro- CzACKTHURNy a ftrong pl^ce of per, in the £ quarter of Bengal, and Auftria, between the Drave and Ma- on a bni:ch of the Ganges. It it the bounds wirh /i(h; and, after fome time, it <>nks into the earth, and then it Is cultivated, and produces grafs and corn. L^n. 1 5 o E, lat. 46 6 N. CzciiNiKou,aconriderabletown of RuiTi.i, capital of a duchy of the fame the river Dezna, 70 miles N by E of Kiow. Lon 31 53 £, lat. 51 19 N. CzKRSKo, a town of Poland, on the Viftula, 20 miles NWof Warfaw. CzoKGRODT, a town of H'lngaryy capital ot a territory of the fame name, at the confluence of the TeifTe and Keres, 1 3 miles N of Segedin. D Lon^ '7 hir, 100 miles S of Vienna. 10 E, lat 46 44 N. CxASLAu, a town of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the fame name. provincial capital of this quarter. In« deed, within the prefent century, it has been the capital of all Bengal ; and it is the third city of that country in Here the king of PrufHa gained « vie- point of extent and population. It has tory over the Auftrians in 174Z. It is feated on the river Crudenka, 40 miles SE of Prague. CzENSTOKOw, a town of Poland, in Ciacovia, with a fort, in which it kept a rich treafure, called the trea- fute of the Virgin Mary. The pil- grims flock hither, for the fake of a convent near it, called the Lnretto of Poland. The king of Pruifta added di's place to his dominions, in 1793, by a freond partition of Poland. It is feated on the river Watte,- 50 miles N by W of Cracow. CzxRCASSi, a town of Ruflia, in the Ukraine, with a caftle. It is feated tear the Dnieper, 85 miles S£ of Kiow, CzERNic, a town of Carniola, re- Inarkable for its lake, which is 15 a vaft trade in muflins, and manufac- tures the mofl delicate ones among thofe which are moft fought after in Europe. It is 160 mill's N£ of Cal- cutta. Lon. 90 £5 E, lat. ti 55 NT. Da CHAW, a town of Bavaria, on a mountain. The electoral palace here has very fine gardens. It is feated on the river Amber,/ 10 miles NW of Munich. Dackstein, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, with a palace that belonged to the fee of Stralburg. Lon. 7 45 £, lat. 4$ 35 N. Daf A R , a town of Arabia Felix, on a hay of the fame name, on the SE coaft. Lon. 53 25 E, lat. 16 30 N. Daginham, a village ,n iflex. nine miles £ by N of London, remark- nilfs m length, and five in breadth, able for the great breach madie here by Htd produces fiih and corn every year; the Thames, in 1703; which was re- K when the waters fall from the p»redln 17 16, by captain Perry, who \ . I m DAL had been etoployed in RuiHa, by Peter the Great. Daghestan* a province of a fit) bounded on the £ by the Cafpian Sea, on the W by the mountains of Cauca- fus, on the'N by Circaflia, and on the S by Shirvan. It is inhabited by Tar- tars, and is I'ubjcdt to Ruffia. DacnO) a town of Albania, capital of the diftr j£l of Ducagini, with a bi- ihop's fee, near the conAumce of the Drino and Nero, 13 miles S£ of Scu- tari. Lon. 19 39 £, lat. 41 30 N. Dago, or Dagao, an ifland in the Baltic, on the cuaft of Livonia, be- tween the gulfs of Finland and Riga. It is 20 miles in circumference, and has two caftles. Lon. 12 56 £, lat. 58 44 N. Dahl, the; /ineft river of Sweden, •which flows through Dalecarlia and Geftricia, and falls into the gulf of Bothnia, to the E of Gefle. Near Efcarieby, it forms a celebrated ca- taraA. Dahomay, a kingdom of Africa, on the coaft of Guinea, to the N of Whidah. The king of this country conquered Whidah,' and very much difturbed the flave trade of the £u- repeans. Da LAC A, an ifland of the Red Sea, oppofite the coaft of Abex, 72 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. It is fertile, populous, and remarkable for a pearl fifliery. Daleeurg, a town of Sweden, capital of Dalia, on lake Wenner, 50 miles N of Gottenburg. Lon. 1 1 59 E, lat. 58 32 N. Dale-car LJA, a province of Swe- den, near Norway.^ It is 175 miles in length, and 100 in breadth. It is full of mountains, abounding in mines of copper and iron, fome of which are of a prodigious depEh. The in) abitants are rough, robuft, and -warlike; and all the grfcat revolutions in Sweden had their rife in this province. Dalia, a province of Sweden, bounded on. the N by Delecarlia, on the E by Wermeland :^nd lake Wen- ner, on the S by Gothland, and on the N by Norway and the fea. Dalxkitv; atown of Edinburgh* DAM /hire, with a great weekly market fbr corn and oatmeal, and the magnifitent feat of the duke of Buccleugh. It jj fix miles S£ of Edinburgh. Dalmatia, a country of Europe, formerly a kingdom. It is bounded on the N by Bofnia, on the $ by the gulf of Venice, on the E by Ser- via, and on the W by Croatia. \t jj divided into Venetian, Turkilh, Rj. gufan, and Hungarian Dalmatia. Spa. latro is the capital of Venetian, ui Herzegovina of TurkSfli Dalnatia; Ragufa is capital of the republic of the fame name: the Hungarian part con. tains five diftridls, and Segna is the capital. See Morlachia. Dal TON, a town in Lancafiiirr, with a market on Saturday, and an ancient caftle, made ufe of to keep the records and prifoners for debt in the liberty of Furnefs. It is 16 miles NWof Lancafter, and 273 NNWof London. Dam, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Groniogen, feated on the river Daoiftei;, 1 5 miles SW of Emb- den. Dam, a town of Pruflian Pome- rania, feated on the Oder, 10 miles from Stetin. Damar^ a famous townofAra^'a Felix. Lon. 49 25 E, lat. lo M. Damascus, now called Sham, an ancient city of Syria, the form of which is an txi€t fquare, . each fide being a mile and a half long. Of its once numerous fuburbs, one only remains, which extends three miles in length. The extraordinary beauty of this place is oWing to feveral ftreams which run acrofs tli- plain of Damaf. cus, and water all the gardens, fupply the public fountains, and run into every houfe. The caft'e is like a little town, having its own ftreeti, and the famous Damafcus Aeel was kept here in a magazine. Damafcus is an archbifhop's fee, and contains great numbers of Chriftians and Jews. It ftands on the river Barida, iiz miles N of Jerufalem. Lon. 37 E» Jat' 33 45 N. Dam A UN, a feaport of the Deccan of HindooAaDy at the catraiice of tht DAN DAK |e Decern ce of f>>t nlf of Caail»ay. It is fubjeA to the town, xindor the proteftion of Po!anl{ Portugiiere, and is 50 miles S of but, in 1793, fubmitted to the king of Prufllia, who forcibly ufurped the fovereigniy) in a fecond partition of'^ the Polilh dominions. It is feated on' the Vlftula, near the gulf of Angilt.in the Baltic, 160 miles NW of Warfiiw. Lon. 1% 38 E, lat. 54 2z N. DANUBE) the largeft river in £u« . rope, which rifes at Donefchingen, in Suabia, waters Ulm, Ratilbon, PaHaUf Ens, Vienna, Prefburg, Buda, and Bel* gr.idc ; difcharging itfelf by feveral chan> nels into the Black Sea. It is fo deep be» Surat. Damgartin, a town of Swedlfh Poraerania, with a caftle, feated on the river Recknils, 18 miles W of Stnlfund. Damietta, an ancient and rich town of Egypt, feated at one of the eaftern mouths of the Nile, with a p»d harbour, and a Greek archbi- ihop's fee. It is 1 00 nrrilcs N of Ciiro. Damiano, St. a town of Italy, Montferrat, 18 miles W by N of tweenBudaand Belgrade, that (.heTurki Vtrcelli. Damme, a ftrong town of Flan- ders, feated on the canal between Slays and Bruges. It was taken by the duke of Marlborough in 1706, 3".d ceded to the Dutch at the peace if Utrecht. DANCAtA. .SeeDoKGAXA. Danbury, a village of Ellex, on hill thaf commands an extenfive I profpeft. The fpire of the church I was burnt by rightning, in 1750, but 1 WIS rebuilt, and forms a (eamark. It i ii live miles E of Chelmsford. Da KOtR, Iki.es of, three iflands I in the S Pacific Ocean, feen in 1765, [by commodore ByrOn, who fuppofed them to be the illands feen by Qj:!- Irts, ill the beginning of the 17th cen- ItOT, and named Solomon's Iflands. JLon. 169 .r? Wjlat. 10 15 S. Dannikerg, a town of Ger- iniany, In the circle of Lower Saxony, |capi;al of a diftrift of the fame name. lit belongs to the eleftor of Hanover, ]md is feated on the Telze, near the ilbe, 40 miles S£ of Lunenburg. iLon. II 29 E, lat. 53 4 N. Dantzic, one of the richeft cities [•f Europe, capital of Weftcrn Pruf- m; with a famous harbour, a hi(hop*3 fee, and a univerfity. It is reckoned fo contain 200,000 inhabitants. Jt tiriies on a great trade, particularly I corn, timber, and naval ftores. The ((tablilhed religion is the Luthe- i; but the papifts, calvinifts, and wbaptifts are tolerated. The jurif- and German.* have had men of war , upon it; anu } t it is not navigable to the Black Sea, on acconnt of the ca« tara£ls. See Doneschingek. Dab DA, atcwn and fort of Lower Hungary, built by the T.uiks in 1686, and taken by the Imperial! fts ths nejit year. It is feated on the Drave, at the end of the bridge of Efleck, 80 miles NW of Belgrade. Dardanelles, two caftles of Turkey ; the one, called Seftos, feated ,' in Romania ; the other called AbydoS, ' in Natolia. They command the en- trance of the ftrait of Gallipoli, the an* cient Hellefpont. DarelHamara, a town of Afri- ca, in the kingdom of Fez, built by the Romans. Its trade confifts in oil and corn j and it is feated on a moun-> tain. Lon. 6 35 W, lat. 34 10 N- * DARIEN,OrTEKRAFlEMA PrO- p EK, a province of Terra Firma, in S America. It lies along the coaft of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and is particularly diftingulHied by the name of the Ifthmus of Darien, and, by fome writers, the Ifthmus of Paiia.iio. It extends, in the form of a crefcent^ round the (>ay of Panama; being boundc'j on the N by the gulf of Mexicu, CA the E bj *he river and gulf cf Darien, on the S by Popayan and the Pacific Ocean ^ : id on the W by th'. fame ocean vni /eragua. It is rxit above 60 miles broad; but thia ifthmus, which binds together the con~ tinents of N and S America, ii iSion of this town extends 50 miles ftrengthened by a chain of lofty moun- ^und. It was lately a free hanfeatic tains, ftretching through its whore ett- IT II • n DAR (est, which render it a barrier of Co- fidity fufEcient to refift the impuiie' of two oppofite oceans. The mountains are covered with forefts aimoA inac- -ceflibte. The valHe* in this moift cli- snate* where it rains durliig two- thirds of the year, are marifay, and fo often overflowed, tiutt the inba^iunts, ia many places, bnild their houfes upon trees, to be elevated from the damp foil, and the odious reptiles engendered in the putrid waters. The frincipal towns are Panama and Porto Belto. Daiibn, a river and gulf of S America, in Terra Firma, which di- vide the provinces of DarJen and Car- Chagena. In 1695, the Scotch ob> tatned a charter from king William, empowering them to form a fettle- ment on the NW point of this gulf, where the country had never been oc- cupied by the Spaniards, but continued to be pofTefTed by the native Indians. This fettlement evcited fuch an alarm among the maritime powers of Europe, and particulatly the jealoufy of the Spa- mOi court and of the EngliHi Eafl- India Company, that, in the fequel, the adventurers, meeting with every obftruftion from the very adminiftration that had granted them their charter, were obliged to abandon the fettlement. Da R KING, a town Surry, on the liver Mole. The market on Satur- day, is noted for corn, provisions, and ibwis. It is 23 miles SW of London. Darlington, a town in the coun- ty of Durham, with a market on Mon- day, well fupplied with corn, cattle, and provifions. It is fcated on the river Skerne, which falls into the "Tees. It has a manufaftory of huck- abacks, camlets, and of feme fmall ^ares of the Manchefter kind} with a confiderable trade in drcfTing leather. A curious water machine For grinding -optical glafles, and fpinning linen yarn, .has been erefted here, the invention .of a nitivc of the town. Darlington ■is 19 miles S of Durham, and 239 N by W of London. Darlaston, a village near Stone, in Scafforilfliire, where are the remains •f a caftle, on a hili> £La&mstaot; the capital of the .:m DAV landgravate of Hefle Darmftadt, with a caftle, where its own prince gene- rally refides, and a college. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 30 miles NW of Heidelberg. Lon. 8 40 E, lat. 49 43 N. D A R T, a river in DevonHiire, which rifes at the foo^ of Dartmoor Hills, and after paffing Totnefs, is joined by the Hareborn, and falls into the £ngli(h Channel at Dartmouth. Daatford, a town in Kent, with a market on Saturday, feated on the Darcnt, not far from its influx into the Thames. Here are the remains of a fine nunnery, founded by Ed- ward III. At the diflbiution it was con- verted into a royal palace ; but it was alienated by James I. The rebellion of Wat Tyler, in the reign of Rich- ard II, began in this town, whith ii 16 miles E by S of London. Dartmoor, a moorifh traft, in Devonfliire,* bounded on the N by bleak hills. This fort of country, clayey, wet and fteril, extends north. ward quite through the centre of the county, and on the Corniih border to the fea. Many flieep are bred here, of a fmall kind, and fubjedl to the rot. The chief riches of the inhabitants are black cattle, which thrive well on the coarfe four herbage. Dartmouth, a borough of De- voiifliire, with a market on Friday, It is feated on the declivity of a hill, by the river Dart, and has a fpacioui haven. It has a confideruble trade to the S of Europe and to Newfoundland, as well as a ihare in the con(ling traf- flc. It contains three churches, and is 30 miles SSW of Exeter, and 204 W by S of London. Lon. 3 45 W,j lat. c,o 22 N. Dassen-Eyland, or thji Isu or Dker, one of the three fmallj i (lands to the N of the Cape of G Hope ; fo called on account of ihi great number of deer wlilch were fir carried thither in 1601. Lon. iS E, l.it. 33 2^ S. Daventry, a town of Northamp ton/hire, w-th a market on VVednef- day, 10 miles W of Northampton, and 7» NW of London, David's, St. ftire, with a ma It is feated on th( cnce a conflderab neighbouring cape Ireland. It is 24. kroke, and 25^ V Lon. 5 15 W, Jat David's, St. die coaft of Com taken and detfroy in 17^8, ind has n It is 80 miles S oi I^n. 79 45 E, lat. Davis' Strai-; fea between Greenl; rica, difcovered by I5^5i wJien he att NWpaflage. Daun, a town i Treves, feated on 1 foot of a mountain caftie. It is n „ Royal. Dauphin, a coi Tinia, 45 miles long 111790, it conUine |iitint{. HarrifliKrg Dauphin, Fort [the French on the E jafcar. Lon. 45 10 Dauphinv, a 1 |«nce, bounded on "icne, on the N b] *""y> on the S by «£ by the Alps.- PParent of the late « '"Called the Dauphii "lenved from the fn '*• }? »349, H Daiiphmy, being M lols of his only io, «Wl from a window "t'lobie into the Ife, convent of Jacobins, '"y to Pliil.p, a youn KVaois, for \^^ fJ(eachof the.valut N-Engl'ft) on cond "'["""[the king 01 ."/on of Philip „n "f'Heinisjo. It P^'tments of Drome, %J including an J it, with e gene- is feated (o mUes 8 40 Ef e, which or Hills, IS joined into the th. Lent, wiA ed on the nflux into e remains d by £d. it was con- but it was le rebellion n of Rich- n, which ii It Ti traft, in the N by of country, tends north- :ntrc of the" lilh border to bred here, of to the rot. habitants ate I well on the >ugh of De- on Friday, ty of a hill, a fpacioui rib'.e trade to ewfoundland, coaftingtrif- lurches, and ei, and J04 ■m. 3 45 ^» or THI Isi-»l three fmall| ^ape of Goi Icount of ^^ Vich were fiift Lon. i4 lofNorthimpj oil Wednefj DAU David's, St. a city of Pembroke- fliire, with a market on Wednefday. It is feated on the river lien, and was Qnce a confiderable place. From the neighbouring cape, is a profpefl into Ireland. It is ^4 miles NW of Pem- Iroke, and »55 W by N of London. Lon. 5 1$ W, lat. $1 56 N. David's, St. an Englilh fort, on tlie coaft of Coromandel, which was tiken and deltroycd by the French, DEB try 40 leagues long fram N to S, and 36 broad from E to W. Dax, or Ac (^9, an ancient town of France, in the department of Landesy with a bifliop's fee, and fome famous hot baths. ^ It ic feated on the Adouff 14 miles N£ of Bayonne. Deaoman's-head, a cape, in. Cornwall, between St. Maw's and Fowey. Dead Sea, a lake of Paleftiney iS 17^8, ind has not- yet been rebuilt, into which the river Jordan runs. It ItlsSo miles S of Fort St. Geoife. Lon. 79 AS^» !*'• '' 30*^' Davis' Straits, an arm of the fea between Greenland and N Ame- rica, difcovered by capuin Davis, in ijgj, when he attempted to find a NW paffage. Davn, a town in the eleAorate of jurats. Treves, feated on the Lexer, at the Caftle, foot of a mountain, on which is a ullle. It is 12 miles N of Mont Royal. Dauphin, a county of Pennfyl- iTuia, 45 miles long and 25 broad. In 1790, it contained 18,177 inha- illtants. HarrifliVirg is the capinal. Dauphin, Fort, a fort, built by ithe French on the E coaft of Mada<. afcar. Lon. 45 10 £, lat. 34 55 S. Dauphiny, a late province of tance, bounded on the W by the hcne, on the N by the RhoAe and avoy, on the S by Provence, and on le E by the Alps.' Hence the hcir- iparent of the late crown of France as Called the Dauphin ; a title which le derived from the following circum- is 70 miles long, and 20 broad, and abounds in bitumen. Deal, a large feaport i,i K .it, which has neither market nor fair* It is feated on the ftraits of Dover, and is a member of the cinque port of Sandwich, governed by a mayor and It has two caftles ; Sandown to the N, and Walmer Caftle to the S. Between this place and the Goodwin Sands ore the Downs, where the ihips ulually ride at going out or coming home. It is feven miles S by £ of Sandwich, and 72 E by S of London. Lon. i 29 E, lat. 51 13 N. Dean, a town of Gloucefterfhire, with a market on Monday. It had its name from the foreft of Dean, in which it is fetited, 11 miles W of Gloucefter, and 112 WSW of Lon- dMi. Dean, a foreft in Gloucefterflilre, containing that part of the county which lies between the Severn and the iltires of Monmouth and Here- ford. It contains four market-towns and 23 pariHies. It is fertile in paf** In 1349, Hubert II, count ture and tillage; bears very fine oaks j pnce. Y Dauphiny, being inconfolable for k lots of his only Iba, whom he had ktfail from a window of his palace at jirenoble into the I fere, entered into jconvent of Jacobins, and ceded Dau- Jiiny to Philip, a younger fon of Phi- (pofValois, for 120,000 florins of fJd (each of the value of 20 fols, or lid, Englilh) on condition, that the ^«ft fon of the king of France fliould (tyied the Dauphin. Charles V, ndlbn of Philip of Valois, firft bore |i( title in 1530. It now forms the fpattments ot Drome, Ifere, and Up- !) including an extent of coun- aud has rich mines of iron and coal. It was once reckoned the chief fupport of the Enghfh navy t it is now thinned by frequency of falling, and narrowed by increafe of cultivation, though a few deer ftill continue to run wild In its recefTes. This foreft, and the vale of the fame name, abound in or- chards, which produce great plenty of excellent cider. Dcben, a river of Suffolk, which rifes near Dehenham, and flows to Woodbridge, where it expands into a long narrow arm of the Gerraaii Ocean. ^ ^ , ^^ H a DED DEE DxBBNHAM, a town of Suffolk, vrith a market on Friday, feated near the head of the Deben, on the fide of a hill, 24 miles E of St. Edmund's* bury, and 84 NE of London. Dkbjiecxn, a towu of Upper Hun- gary, capital of a diftridl of the fame name. It was taken by the Turks in 3684, but the Imperialifts retook it the fame year. It is 107 miles E of Buda. lion. 2a 1 1 E, lat. 47 32 M. Deccan, a country in Afia, which, according to the figrufication of its name, the South, has b?en fuppofed to include the whuie region Sof Hindoo- ftan Proper. But, in its more accurate fenfe, it contains only the provinces of Candeilh, Dowlatabad, Viliapour, Golconday and the W part of Berar. It is bounded on the N by the river Nerbudda, by Bengal, and by Bahar; and the river Kiftna forms its fepara- tion on the S from the peninfula of Hindooftan. AW this vaft country was once a province of the Mogul empire. Ciindeilb, Vifiapour, and a part of Dowlaubad, are fubje£l to the Mah-. rattas; (he remainder,' to the uizam of the Deccan. DxccAN, the dominions of nizam Ally, foubah jf the Deccan, compri- fing Goiconda, the principal part of Dowlatabad, and the W part of Berar ; the latter fubjeA to a tribute of a fourth part of its net revenue to the Berar Mahrattas. His territories are bounded on the NW by the Poonah Mahrattas, on the N by the Berar Mahrattas, on the E by the Northern Circars, and on the S by the Carnatic and My lore. By the jeace of 1792, he had a fljare of the country ccfTions made by Tippoo Sultan. His domi- nions (without including thefc) are 430 miles long, from NW to SE, by 300 wide. His capital is Hydrabad. D2cisE,an anciLMit town of Fiance, in the departme it of Nievre, in an ifian<;l of the Lcire, 16 miles S£ of Ncvers. D/.CKENDORK, a town of Lower Bavaria, 37 miles SE of Rali/bon. It was taken by the Swedes in 1641, and is feated near the Danube. Did DING TON; a town of Oxford- fhire, with a market on TnefJay. It was anciently a corporation, and fent OKmbers to parliament in the rtigni of Edward I and III. It is 16 miles N of Oxford, and 70 WNW of Lon. don. DxDHAM, a town of Effex, with a market on Tuefday, fix miles N of Co'chefter, and 58 NE of London. Deb, a river in N Wales j held in great veneration by our Britifli ancef. tors. Some trace its head to the foot of the lofty mountain Arun, in the NW angle of Merioneth (hire j Imt others trace it no farther than to the lake of Ba!a, whence it flows through a fine vale, to Denbighfliire, vifitsthe W border of Che/hire, to which it ferves for lomz time as a boundary; then crbfling over tu Chefter, it flows thence to the irifii Sea, making 3 broad efluary, which feparates Che. /hire from Fiintfliire. By embank. ments made here, much land has been gained from the tide, and a narrow, but deeper, channel, fitter for navi- gation, has been formed from Chefter halfway to the fea. The Dee is-navi, gable from near Ellcfmere, in Shrop- ihire, to Chefter j but, at this city, the continuity of the navigation a broken by a ledge of rocks, running acrofs the bed of the river, and caufing a fort of cafcade. Dee, a river, which rifes in Aber- deenOiire, amid the mountains of Mar Foreft, and flows through a wild coim- try, till it reaches the fertile valeofi Brae-mar, whence it proceeds to Aber- deen, below which it falls into the finf Lon- , with a ss N of idon. held in h ancef. the foot I, in the lire 5 lut an to the s through , vifits the which it boundary ; :r, it flows making a rates Che- f embanlt- lid has been a narrow, I r for navi. rem Cluftet ' Dec is-navi. , in Shtop. it this c'.tyJ avigation is s, tunning 1 andcaufinjj Ifes in Aber- Itains of Mat' la wildcoun- :vtile valcofj beds to Aber« (into the Bri- Itifes in th( }e, and join- Gal'.owtyi at Kirltw*' Jncolnlhlrt: ■ay.fcatedoi [t, three mjl' bucefteifl'" tdations ftoi I palace I a tnonall" in 715* which the Danes' deflroyed j bui ic was rebuilt and made »,a alien priory, under the patronage of the ab- bot of Tewkefbury. Deinss, a town of Auftrian Flan- ders, on the Lis, eight miles SW of Ghent. DEtAWAKS, one of the United States of America, bounded on the N by Pennfylvanin) on the E by Dela- ware river and bay, and on the S and W by Maryland. It is 90 miles long and 16 broad. In many parts it is unhealthy, being feated in a peninAila, where the land is generally low and flat, which occafions the waters to {{jgnate, and fubje£ls the inhabitants to intermittents. It is divided into three counties, Newcaftle, Kent, and Suiiex} and in 1787,' the inhabitants were connputed at 37,000. DxLAWAKK, a river of N Ame- rica, which rifing in the flate of New York, in lake Uftayantho, divides New York from Pennfylvania, and pffei to the At'antic Ocean, through Delaware Bay, having New Jertey on the £ fide, and Pennfylvania and the date of Delaware on the W. From die mouth of this bay, at Cape Hen- llopcii, to Philadelphia, it ir 1 18 miles, jvith a futficient depth of water, all the ay, for a 74 gun ihipj" above Phila- :l|>hia, it is navig.tbic for floops up the great falls at Trenton } and, for lats that carry eight or ten tons, 40 liles higher. DEtAWARi,a bay of N America, ich is 60 miles long, from Cape ienlopen to the entrance of the river :laware at Bombay hook. It is fo tide, in feme parts, that a fhip, in the liddle of it, cannot be feen from the d. It opens into the Atlantic be- en Cape Henlopen on the right, id Cape May on the left. Thefe cs ate iS miles apart. DiLAWABE, a county of Penn- [Ivaniin, zo miit'S lon^>;, and 1 1 broad, 1790, it contained 9,483 inhabi- ts. Chcfter is the capital. Deltt, a city of the United Pro- ices, in Holland. It has a fine ar- al) and lierc a prodigious quantity fine earthen ware is made, known DEX by the name of Delft ware. It is feated on the Schie, eight miles NW of Rotterdam. Lon, 4 24 E, lat* cft 4N. . Delftshavzn, a fortified town of Holland, on the N fide of the Maefe, with a canal to Delft, &c* It is between Rotterdam and Schie- dam, not three miles from each. Delfzy, a fortrefs of the United Provinces, in Groningen. It was taken by the Spaiiiards in 1 581, and retaken by the Dutch in 1590. It is feated on the river Damfter, 13 miles N£ of Groningen. Delichx, a river of Albania, tlvB Acheji^n of the ancient poets, who feigned it to be in hell. Delhi, a province of Hindooftan Proper, bounded on the NW by La- hore, on the NE by Serinagur, on the £ by the Rohiila country, on the S bf Agra, and on the W by Moultan. Having been the feat *f continual wars ior above 50 years, it is almoft depo- pulated} and a trafi of country that < pofleflTes every advantage that can be derived from nature, contains the moft miferable of inhabitants. It is now all that remains to the grer*: mogul of his once extenfive empire* . DiLHi, the capital of a province of the fame name, in Hindooftan Pro- per, feated on the river Jumna. It it the nominal capital of all Hindooftan, and was the aAual capital during the greateft part of the time fmce tlie Ma- hometan conqueft. In 1738, when Nadir Shah invaded Hindooftan, he entered Delhi, and dreadful were the mafTacres and famine that followed : i,ooo of the inhabitants periihed by the fword} and plunder, to the amount of 6z,coo,cool. iteriing, was faid to be colle£ted. The fame cala- mities they endured on the fubfequenC invafions of Abdalla, king of Canda- har. Delhi is 880 milci NNE of Bombay, Lon. 77 40 £, lat. aS 37 N. Dklmznhorst, a town of Weft- phalia, in the county of Delmenhorft, belonging to Denmark. It is feated on the Uelm, near the Wcfcr, eight miles S W of Bremen. H 3 :h. . I)';h'; ■BEN C'LOS, an ifland of the Archlpe- hgo, now called Dili. There are abundaace of fine ruinsj fuppofed to be of the temples of Diana and Apollo, whofe birthplace it is fald to be. It is fix miles in circumference, but quite deftitute'of inhabitaqts. Loii. 25 59 E, lat. 37 30 N. Delphos, a town of Turkey in Earop^y in Livadia. It was famous for the oracle of ApoIIOy which people came from all parts to confult. DELSPERG,a town of Swiflerlandf in the bifliopric of Bafle* 10 miles N W •f Soieure. Delta, a part '.5 Lower Egypt, between the branches of the Nile and the Mediterraneao* It is the moft plentiful countrr- of all Egypt^ and it rains more here ti«an in other parts; " but its fertility k cii,>!iy owing to the inundations iif t'n: A-i.le, D£MEn» Jirivtf ' !>ch rifes in the biftjopric (-i Liege, <" ai rs Haifeit, Di- eft, Sjjihcni, A'fchot^ and Mechlin, below which '.c ■ ins the Senne, and H?j„es the n-me "''' Pupel. Demep. AK V i . (own of S America, in t; . ;;.-0'i",.e •" Surinam, three Jcr^gues VV of the city of Surinam. It vas taken firo-r. the Dutch, by the Engllfl), in the laA warj but the I'> 'nc'i took it foon after, and by the peace in 178/, the Dut h regained podeflion of it* Demmin, an •«ncieiiC tovn of Swe- dilh fomcraniaj in rhe duchy of Ste- tin*^ It U fcated on ':!ie river Peen. Lon. 13 22 E» lat. 53 52 N. Uemonai a fort of Piedmont, on the river Sture, 10 miles SWof Coni. Lon. 7 28 £, lat. 44 18 N. Denain, a village of France, in the department of the North, It is Tested on the Seheld, and is remarkable for a viftoiy gained over prince Eugene, by marlhal Viljars, in 1712. De N B I G H , the county -town of Den- big!i»hiie, fituate on a rocky declivity above th« vale of Clwyd, on a branch of the river of ihat name. Its ruined caftle, crowning the top of the hill, forms a ftriking objrA. Denbigh has 4 coiifidecable manufaflory of gloves and ihoes, which arc fent to London ;:>-v-;;^:.;, DEN for exportation. It has a market on Wednefday, fends orie member to parn liament, and is zy miles W of Chef, ter, and 208 NW of London. L)n, 3 35 W, lat. 53 nN» Denbighshire, a county of N Wales, bounded on the N by the Irifh Sea, on the NE by Flintfhire, on the £ by Shropfltire, on the S by Merionedilhire and Montgomery. fhir*!, and on the W by Carnar- vonihire. It is 48 miles long, and in its broadeft part, ao miles. It is divided into 12 hundreds, which contain four market>towns, and cj pariihes; lies in the diocefes of St. Aiaph and Bangor; and fends two members to parliament. See Clwyd. Dender, ariver of AuftrianHal. ^nault, which waters Leuze, Ath, Lcffmes, Grammont, Ninove, and Aloft, and joins the Seheld at Deih dermonde. Denoermonde, a city of Au. ftrian Flanders, with a ftrong citadel. It was taken by the allies in 1706, and the Dutch put a garrifon into itasone of the barrier-towns. The French took it in 1745, and again in 1794. It is feated at the confluence of the Dend6r and Seheld, 16 miles W of Mechlin. Lon. 4 10 £, lati o 3 N. -Denia, ah ancient feaport of Spain, in Valencia, at the foot of a inoua«j tain, 51 miles £ of Alicant. Denmark, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the E by the Baltic, 01 the W and N by the ocean, and ci the S by Germany. Denmark, pro perly fo called, confifts of Jutland an the iflands of Zealand and Funen,witl the little ifles about them ; but thi king of Denmark's dominions conuli aifo Norway, and the duchies of H( ftein, Oldenburg, and Di'lmenhot Denmark was once a limited and ele tivc monarchy; but, in 1660, itw made abfolutc and hereditary, by a n volution almoft unparalleled in hiftoryj a free people voluntarily refigninglli liberies into the hands of their fov reign. The inhabitants are prott ants. Copenhagen is the capital. DtNYS, St. a town of France, the departm'. magnificent the tombs < kings, whicl the abolition of the town Franciade. j Crould, .lear of Paris. Deptfor iidcrabie for the king's-ya was anciently and is dividec Deptfo.d. It 1 and two hofpi mafters of ftip: of which, incoi is called Trini Strond. The 1 Houfe hold th hofpital, and a times, to me< Deptford is foui DSRBENT, ofl^erfia, in tl: van, on the W Sea, it the fo3t Lon. 50 o E, la DinHYj tee by/hire, with tw aefday and Fric the Derwent, ov iome ftone bridj churches. In 1 ereftedhere by for the manufa model of which h J was the firft o '"gland J and" it wind, double, an «s to render it fi [ne work is now o Msacon/iderable wtton, and fine ^nda fabric of pot '"perior in quality dom. Several ban "1 the lapidary anc «nd Derby/hire an. wrought into a va »«icles. The m: •'If carried on i l^'^h die Dcrwen ^m. Derby fci sUMSLJ^Hf^jlJiii^iL DER 0ER the department of Parii. Here is a magnificent church, in which were the tombs of many of the French kings, which were all deftroyed after the abolition of royalty j and the nanne of the town was changed to that of Franciade. It is feated on the river Crouid, near the Seine, five miles N of Paris. Deptford, a town of Kent, con- fiderable for its Hne decks, and for the king's-yard and ftorehoufes. It was anciently called Weft Greenwich, and is divided into Upper and Lower Deptfo.d. It has two pariih churches, and two hofpitals for decayed pilots, mafters of ftips, or their widows ; one of which, incorporated by Henry Vlli, is called Trinity Houfe of Deptford Strond. The brethren of the Trinity Houfe hold their corporation by this hofpital, and are obliged, at certain times, to meet here for buJinefs. Deptford is four miles £ of London. DxRBXNT, a feaport and fortrefs of P.erfia, in the pruvince of Schir« van, on the W coaft of the Cafpian Sea, A the fo3t of Mount Caucafus. Lon. 50 o E, lat. 42 8 N. DsRBv, the wunty-town of Der- byihire, with two markets, on We^- ocfday and Friday. It is feated on the Derwent, over which is a hand- fome ftone bridge; and contains five churches. In 1734, a machine was erefted here by lir Thomas Lonibe. for the manufafluiing of filk, t model of which he brought from It It was the firft of its kind ereftc England; ancf its operations ar > wind, double, and twift the filk <'o as to render it fit for vyeaving; /ut tlie work is now on the decline. Derby iias a confiderable maiiufaftory f 'k, cotton, and fine worfted flo» .n^sj and a fabric of porcelain, equal, if not fuperior in quality, to any in the king- dom. Several hands alfo are cmplo% ed in the lapidary and jewellery branches; and Derbylhire and foreign marbles are wrought into a variety of ornamental wticles. The malting trade is li'.'- •ife carried on in this town, fi 11 which the Dcrweiit is navigable to the Trtnti Derby fends two members to parliament, and is governed by a m«|» or, nine aldermein, &c. It is 36 miles N of Coventry, and J26 NW of London. Lon. i xc W, lat. ct 53 N. Der&yshirx, an Englifh county^ bounded on the N by Yorkfhix'; on the £ by Nottinghamfhire; on tLe S by Leicefterfhire and Warwickfhire j on the W by Staffbrdfhire ; and on tae NW by Chefhtre. It is 59 miles in length, and 34 where broadcfl) hut, in the S part, it is not above fix. It is divided into fix hundreds, in which are ti market-towns and 106 parifhes. It is in the diocefe of Lich- field and Coventry, and fends four members to parliament. The air is wholeibnic and ageeable; but, i •^'e mountains of the IV^Jc, itisfhavpand cold. The hills in the northern part, by attrafting the pafiing clouds, eaufet the rain to dcfcenH rhcrc In greeter abundance than on the cirf^wnracenC counties. The S md £ parts ate fer- tile; and evc^. vhe NW part, called the Peak, is Vound^ntly rich ; for the bleak wov I'.ain^ abound In "he befk lesd, ' with marble, twoafter, mill- ir. of cryftal ; and thi lies are fruitful pondercjoy or K. found in great o of earth feems to fiance etween es Hones, irpn, v^al, Kxi . \ warft fpv«. ir.f:enTie'':'itc vaJ- ^:-^{s., Th terra v;-' tarrl'v. is her« .juties. This kind :.:: the medium fub- th-:. and ore*. D;;. Crawford has lately tJifccve; 'd in this heavy earth Important mcical virtues, particularly in the cure of icrochuloua difeafes. Derkham, u town of Noi-folk, with a market on Friday, noted for woollen yarn. It i.s 14 miles W of Norwich, and soo NNE of London. t)iRKOTE,orDiEikOv;TE, a town of Egypt, in the ifi''. formed by the canal from Cairo to Roletta. Here is a magnificent temple. Lon. 31 45 £, lat. 30 40 N. Derp, a town of Rufiia, in che government of Riga, v;ith a 'oifhop's fee, and a univerfity. It lies near the river Ambec, 50 miles NW of Pfkof. Derwent, a river of Deibyfhire, H4 hM ' iivhich rifes In the high Peak, divides the county into two parts) and, pafling • Derby, empties itfelf into the Trent. 'r,;r^., DiRwENT, a river of Yorkfhire, '%v which falls into the Oufe, bslow York. .•li'' DerwKnt, a river af Durhann, 'which forms, for fome fpace, the boundary between that county and Northumberland, and falls into the Tyne, above Newcaftle. DxRWENT, a riverof Cumberland, which flowing through the lakes of Derwent-water and Baflbnthwaite- i) water, to Cockermouth, enters the Iriih Sea, near Workington. DiRWENT-wATER, A lake of Cumberland, in the vale of Kef- wick. It IS three miles in length, and a mile and a half wide. Five iflands rife out of this lake, which add greatly to the beauty of the appear- . . ance. On one of than is an ekgant xnodern-built lloufe. DESEADAjOneoftheCaribbeelHands J . in the Weft Indies. It is lo miles long, and five broad, and belongs to the French. It is generally the firfl land that is made in failing to the Weft In- dies. Lon. 6i ao W, lat. i6 40 N. DiSEADA,or Cape Desire, the ,.^.— g p^.j^j, ^f ^g ^j,^.j.j ^f Magellan, in S America. Lon. 74 18 W, lat. 53 4S, DxssAW, a ftrong town of Ger- many, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and province of Anhalt. It belongs to its own prince, and is feated on the Elbe, 37 miles N of Leipfick. Dethmold, a town of Weftpha- lia, on the river Wehera, 1 5 miles N wf Paderboin. Detroit, a town of N America, en the ftrait ihit forms the commu- nication between lakes St. Clair and Krie. Lon. 83 a W, lat. 42 2Z N. Dettingen, a villase of Ger- many, in the territory of Hanau. Here George II gained a vidory over the French in 1743. It is four miles W of Afchaffenburg. Deva, a feaport of Spain, on the fcay of Bifcay, in the pn vinco of Gui- piifcoa, 1 5 miles SE of Bilhoa. Dev EL TO, a town of Bulgaria, with a Creek prchhifhop's fee, featf don the ri- ver Paniza, 65 milCbNEof Adrianoplc. DBU Deventer, a city of the United Piov'nces, the capital of Overyffel, with a univerfity, feated on the river Yfiel, 50 miles E of Amfterdatn. Lon. 5 56 £, lat. 51 i3 N. Devizes, a borough of Wilts, feated on an eminence. It has t manufactory of ferges and other wool- len ftufis, and is 24 miles NW of Sa ilbury, and 89 W of London. Devon, a river of Pcithfhire, over which, in the beautiful vale of Glen- devon, is a great curiofity, called the Rumbling Bridge. It is fmiilar to that over the Braan, and confiftji of one arch, thrown over a horrible chafm, worn by the river, about 2o feet deep, and ve^y narrow. In other places, the rivet has forced its way, in a furprifmg manner, through th« rocks. At the Caldron- tin, it hu worn away the fofter parts of thi ftone, and formed immenfe pits, in- to which the water fa'ls with a tre. mendous noife. Below this, the whok river is precipitated in one flieet, from a height of 40 feet. Devonshire, an EngliOi county, bounded on the N and NW by thi Briftol Channel, on the f •-• ^-^Ticr. fetlhirs and Dorfetfhire, on the S and SE by the Engiifh Channel, and on the W by Cornwall. It is 69 mllcj long, and 64 broad ; contains 33 Imn- dreds, one city, '37 market-towns, and 394 parifhes ; and fends 26 mem. bers to parliament. The air is very i mild and healthful in the vallies; in. fomuch, that the myrtle grows up.. fhekered on the feacoaft. The foil is various; but the fouthern part ill remarkably fertile. Fruit trees ate plentiful, efpecially apples, with which a great quantity of cider is made. Tl« weftern parts abound with game, ef. pecially hares, phcafants, and wood- 1 cocks, which are in fuch abundance, 1 as to rtnder them very cheap. Exeter j is the capital. Deux-Ponts, a town of Ger- many, in the piialinate of the Rhine,! capital of a duchy of the f^i.Tie name,! feated on the river Erbich, 50 miltsl SW of Mentz. Lon. 7 26 E, lat{ 49 10 N» ' the Tigris and Ei on the N by An by Per/ia, on the , and on W by Syria. cient Mefopotamia. Diarbekah, tl v'nce of the fame na river Tigris. It hat red Turkey leather cloth, and Is 1 50 mi po. Lon. 39 40 £, I Die, a town of J partment of Drome, I fee. It is feated on I miles SE of Valence. DiEPHOLT, a tow capital of a county of fiibjeft to the eledor is feated on the Dur miles NW of Mind I, lit. 54 36 N. Dieppe, a feapor t!.e department of Lov I river Arques. with an two piers. Packet bo I this port and BrightheJ I of peace. It Vv'as bor JEn^iifli in 1694, and |ofR(ju^n,and 132NW |l9E, Ut. 49 55 N. I DlESSENHOKFEN, Ifcriand, in Thurgou. jllii Rhine, five miles DiKST, a town of lliant, 01) the river Dei jNEof Louvain. DiETzj a town of ^ Ifital of a county of th Iwth a ftrong caftle. It Itlie prince of Naflau-Di |k feated on the Lohn, ] Mentz* Lon. 7 35:^, Dist;zE, a town of I krutment of Meurthe fcr wells of flit water, vi [tnchfilt. It is feated WIc, 12 miles NE of N I^iRz, Sr. a town [ifnt of the Vofges, fe Weurthe, 30 miles SE ol fiwNAN, a towa of i way, in ugh chi , It hat 1 of th« pits, iu- ;h a tre. the whok ae iheet, "Tier" iir is very allies 5 in- rrows un- The foil part ii trees »tc lilh which lade. Tiw game, cf- md ^ofA- bundance, . Exeter of Gcr. [he Rliinf) Irnie nanu,l 50 tnilfsi .6 E> lat' DIG Oeynsb. See DxiNSS. [)iAKBEC, or DlA«B£CAE, a province of Turkey in Ada, between the Tigris and Euphrates; bounded on the N by Armenia^ on the £ by Perfia^ on the S by Irac-Ambia, an.^ on W by Syria. It was the an> (lent Mefopotamia. DiARBEKAKf the Capital of a pro- V nce of the fame name, feated on the tivcr Tigris. It has a great trade in ltd Turkey leather, and red cotton (loth, and is 1 50 miles NW of Alep- po. Lon. 39 40 E, lat. 37 18 N. Die, a town of France, in the de- partment of Drome, lately an epifcopal fee. It is feated on the Drome^ 24 miles SE of Valence. DitrHOLT, a town of WeltphaliJ, capital of a county of the fame name, fubjeft to the eiedlor of Hanover. It is feated on the Dummer Lake, 30 miles NW of Minden. Lon. 8 45 I, lit. 5i 36 N. Dieppe, a feaport of France, in tl.e department of Lower Srinc, on the river Arques. with an old caftle, and two piers. Packet boats pafs between this port and Brightheimitone, in time of peace. It v.'as bombarded by the En^iifh in 1694, and is 30 miles N ofRlJU^^, and 132 NWuf Paris. Lon. 1 9£, lat. 49 55 N. DiEssENHOK»-EN,atown ofSwIf- fcriand, in Thurgou. It is feated on the Rhine, five miles £ of Schaf}'* buf^n. DinsT, a town of An(*rian Bra- bint, on the river Demer, 15 miles NEof L9uvain. Diets J a town of Weteravia,'ca-' fitalof a county of the fame name^ |wth a ftrong caftle. It is fubje£l to illie prince of NafTau-IKnemburg, and [it feated nil the Lohn, 16 miles £ of ntzt Lon. 7 35£, lat. 50 12 K. DisvzE, a town of F-rance, in the aitment of Meurthe, remarkable r wells of fait water, which produce tich fait. It is feated on the river illc, aa miles NE of Nancik DiKz, Sr. a town of the depart- itnt of the Vofges, feated on the curthe, 30 miles SE of Luiteville. DiSNAN, a town oi Veaettan If* DIN tiU, three miles from the gulf of Ve- nice. Lon. 13 5 f.y lat. 45 10 N. Dig NX, a town of France, in the department of the Lower Alps, vwth a bifhop's fee. Ic it, famous for its hot baths, and is feated on the river Bleone, 30 miles S by W of Emburn. Dijon, an ancient city of France^ in the department of Cote d'Or, lately an archbiihopyc, but now the epifco- pal town of the department. It con- tains so,«oo inhabitants y and is feated between two fmall rivers, 48 miles NE of Autun. Lon. 5 7 £, lat. 47 19 N. Dill A, Mount, a promontory of the coaft of M.Uabar, 10 miles N by W of Tellicherry. Lon. 75 2 E, lat. 12 1 N. DiLLEMBURG, a town of Wete- ravia, capital of a county of the ftme name, fubjedl to the prince of Naflau Dillemburg. It is 21 miles NW of* Marpurg. Lon. 8 27 £, lat. 50 48 Hi DiLLENGEN, a town or Suabia» with a univerfity. Here the bi/hop of Auglburg refides. It is feated near the Danube, 17 miles NEof Augfliurg. DiMOTuc, a town of Romania, • with a Greek archbifho^'s fee. It is feated on a mountuin, furrounded • by the Merlea> is miles SW of A* drianople'. DiRANTy a ftrong town of France, a ill the department of the North Coaft, feated on a craggy mountain, at thft foot of which is the river Ranee, ao miles S of St; Malo. Di N AK T, a town of Weflphaiia, in the bifhopric of Liege, with a caAle, feated near the Meufc, 12 miles S of' Namur. DiNASMoNDY, atown of Merion- ethfhire, with a market on Fnday, 18. '- miles S of Bala, and 196 NW of Lon- don. DiNcffUR-CH^ a vil age of Kent, in ■ Rbinney Marih. Here are kept the recoids of the Marfh; a»d a court is held' by the lords of the Mai(h aiif! the members of the Corporation, who are appointed by flatute, 33 Edward III, to regulate all all-'airs concerning the Marfh. It is three oiiks and a half NE of Romney. . H5 . D I X DiMCKKLsrii., a free imperial town of Suabia, feated on the river Wirnitz. It carries on a trade in cloth and reaping-hoolcS) and is 37 miles SW of Nuremburg. DiNGELFiMG, a town of Lower Bavaria, feated on the Ifer, zo miles N£ of Landfchut. Dingle, a feaport of Ireland, in the couDty of Dcrry, f^ted on Din- gle Bay, four miles W of Limerick.- Dingwall, a royal borough of Rofs/hire, at the head of the frith of C:omarty, iS miles W of Cromarty. Some linen-yarn is manufactured here, and here is a lint-mill. Disappointment, Cafe, a 'cape of the ifland of Southern Geor> gia, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon. 36 15 W, lat, 54 58 S. Diss, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Friday, for cloth, yarn, and proviiions. It is feated on the river Waveney, ort the fide of a hiil} and} at the W end of the town, is a large lake^.but fo muddy, that the inhabi- tants can make no other ufe of it but in catching eels. Here are manufac- fories of fail- cloth, hofe» and ftays. Difs is 19 miles S of Norwich, and 4^2 NNE of London. Diu, an ifland, at the entrance of the gulf of Cambay, in the Deccan of Hindooftan. On it is a Urge, well- kuilt, and well- fortified town of the £une name. The ifland, which is fub]e£l to the Portuguefe, is three soil^s long and one brosd. It is 180 wiles W by S of Surat, and *oo NW •f Bombay. The moft weftern part of Diu Head is in Ion. 69 52 £, lat. »o 43 N. DiXAN, the firft town in Aby- iTinia, on the flfle of Taranta.. It is ^uilt on the top of a conical hill y a ^ep valley furrounds it like a trench; and the road winds ^ixally up the hill till it ends among the houles. The town confifts of Moors and Chriftians, whofe only trade is the fell ng of chil- dren. The ChrifUans bring fuch as they have Aoten in Abyflinia to Div- an, where the JMoors receive them, •nd carry them to a market at Ma- iiii^i whence they are feat to Arabia DOG or India. Lon. 40 7 £, lat. 14 57 lif, DixMuox, a town of Auftrian Flanders, which hai been often takea, the laft time by the French in \-jnA, It is celebrated for its excellent butter: and is feated on the river Yperlee, 10 miles NW of Ypres. DiziER, St. a town of France, !» the department of Upper Marne, ffated on the river Mame, where it begins to be navigable for boats, 15 miles SE of Vitri-le-Fran^ois. Dnieper, anciently the Borift- henes, a large river of Europe, whlchi rifes in the government of Smolenfko, in Ruflia, and flowing in afoutherly direction, enters the Black Sea, be- tween Cherfon and Qczakow^ Dniester, a fine river, which rifes in Galicia, in Auftrian Pohnd; viflts Choczim, dividing Podolia from Moldavia, and Beflarabia from the Rufltan government of Catharinen* flafj and, having watered Bender, falls into the Black Sea, between the mouths of the Dnieper and: the Da- nube. DoBstiN, a town of Courland, 20 miles SW of Mittau*. DoBRziN, a towji of Poland, in Mafovia, capital of a territory of the Dmie name, feated on a rock, near the Viftula, 14 miles NW of Plockfico. DocKUM, a town of the United Provinces, in Friefland, at the nuHith. of the river £e, 10 miles N£ of Le- warden. DoEL, a town of Dutch Flanders, on thb Scheld, oppofite Liilo, niae miles NW of Antwerp. Do E ss u R « , A- town of the United j Provinces, in Zutphen, feated on ths IflTel, K> miles S of Zutphen. b has been often taken and retaken; and'! the reduction of it, in 15861 was the firft exploit of the Engiifli forces fent by queen Elifabech to the aiBftaflceofj the Dutch. Doc A DO, a province of Italy, ill' I the territory of Venice, bounded on [ the E by the gulf of Venice, on the S by Polefino, on the W by Paduano^j and on the N by Trevifano. It com* prehends many fmall iflands near it}| •ailed Tux Lagvmxs or Vimcii DOM Dot) a town of France> !n the de- partment of Ifle and Vilaine, lately an epifcopal fee. It U xo miles S£ of St. Malo. DoLCZ-AqjffAf a town of Pied- mont, capital of a marquifate of the fame name^ with a caftle. It is feated on the Nervia, five miles N of Vinti- miglia. DotciGNo, a ftrong town of Al- bania, with a bifliop''s fee, a good har- bour, and a citadel. It is feated on the river Drino, xo miles S£ of Anti- vari. Dole, a town of France, in the department of Jura, feated on the river Doubs, 25 miles SW of Befan- DoLEGELLY, a town of Merion- ethlhire, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on tite Avon> in a vale fo called, and at the foot of the lofty rock Cader-Idris. It has a manufac- tory of Welfli cotton, and is 31 miles NW of Montgomery, and 205, o£ London. DoLtA&T, a large gulf, feparating Eaft Fricfland, in Germany, from Groningen, one of the United Pro- vinces. , DoMAZLizE, a town of Bohemia, 1'7 miles S of Pilfcn, remarluble for a victory gained by the HuITites in 1466. DoM FRONT, a town of France, in the department of Orne,. feated on a craggy rock, which has a large cleft from the fummit to the bafe, through which flows the little river Varenne. kis 35 miles NWof Alenjon* Domingo, St. one of the richeft iilands in the Weft Indies, 400 miles in length, and 75 in breadth. It was difcovered by Columbus, in 149X. The Spanifli name of it is Hifpaniola, •riginally given to it by Columbus. The W part of it belongs to the French J the E to the Spaniards.^ Since the revolution in France, the French part of this fine ifland has been fubjeft to the moft dreadful calamities, as well f»m an infurreftion of the negroes, asfruma civil war between the pa- triots and the royalifts. The lactcr failed in the afliftance of the Engliflj, DON who landed. In September 1793, and provifionally took pofleflion of Jere- mie and Cape St. Nicholas Mole. Several other places fubmitted fooii after; but fome of them have been retaken by the republicans, who feem- ed, at the commencement of 1795, to be gaining the afcendency. ThiS' ifland lies between Jamaica to the^ W, and Porto Rico to the E. Domingo, St. the capita! of the SpaniHi part of the ifland of the fame name. It is the fee of an archbiHiop, and is feated on a large navigable ri- ver, which furms an excellent har« hour. Lon. 70 loW, lat. 18 20 N.- Dominica, oneofthe Windward Ca» ribbee Iflands, in the Weft Indies. It lies in 15 i3 N lat. and 61 27 W lon. about half-way between Guada« loupe and Martinico, and is near 28° miles in lengtlv, and ly, in'breadth.. The capital is Charlotte-Town, for- merly Rofeau. It-was taken by the Ehglifh in 1761, and confirmed to- them by the peace of 1763. The French took it in 1778, but reftoredi it in 1783. Dominica, one of the iflands o£ the S Pacific Ocean, called the Mar« quefas. Lon. 139 a W, lat. 9.41 S.. Domino, St. one of the Tremiti Iflands, in the gulf of 'Venice,, ij miles from the coaft of Naples. DoMiTz, a town of Mecklenburg Schwerin, with a f jrt, feated at the confluence of the Elbe and Elve, 25, miles S of Schwerin. DoMMEL,ariverofBVahant, which* receives the Aa below Bois-le-duc, and! then fails into the Meufe. Domo-d'Oscela, a town of Italyv, in the Milanefe,. feated. on the r'uief Tofa, at the foot of the Alps. DoMREMY-LA-PucELLE, a vil- lage of France, in the department of" Meufe, remarkable for the birth of Joan of Arc. It is feated on, tlie Meufe, five miles from Neufchateau. Don, a large river of Europe, whichi feparates it from Afia.. It iflues from* the lake of St. John,, in the governi- ment of Mofcow, and divides, near Tcherkaflc, into three ftreams, whicbn fall into the fea of Afouh*. H 6 1 ' If t>oo BoNf a rivrry which nfes In Aber- AttnOyiTe.. At Inverane, ir joins the Uric Water, and pafling by Kintore, fjlls into the Britifii Ocean ac Aber- deen. Don, a river of Yoik/hire, wlvch waters Dancafter, and joins the Aire, near its termination in the Oufe. DoMAWXRT, a ftron^, town of the duchy of Bavaria, feated on the Da- Bubey 15 miles N of Aug(burg. DoNCASTXR, a corporate town, in the W riding of Yorkihire, with a narket on Saturday. It had its name from the Don, on wiiich it is feated, and a caftle, now in ruins. It has snanufadories of ilockings, knit waift- coats, and gloves ; and is 37 miles S of York, and 1 60 N by W of Lon- don. DoNCHEKRY, a (own of France, in the department of Ardennes, feated on the Meufe, three miles from Sedan. DoNXCAL, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulfter, 68 miles in ler.gth, and 44 in breadth; bounded on the £ by Londonderry and Ty- rone, on the W and N by the ocean, and on the S by Fermanagh and the bay «f Donegal. It contains 40 parishes, and fends t% members to parliament. The capital is of the fame name. DoNXGAi., a town of Ireland, ca- pital of a county of the fame name, feated on the bay of Donegal, 10 miles N of Balyfhannon. DoNxsCHiNGEK, a town of Sua- bia, in the Black Foreft, the chief refidence of the prince of Furften- barg, in the courtyard of whofe palace is a fpring which claims the honour of being called the fource ot the Danube. DoNGALA, or DyiNCALA, a town of Africa, in Nubia, feated ou the Nile, 150 miics N of SennAf. DoMZY, a town of France, in the department of Nievre, %z miles N of Nevers. DooAB, or DoABAR, a fertile tra£l of land in Hindooftan Proper, between the Ganges and Jumna, and Ibrmed by the confluence of thofe ri- vers. It is fo named by way of emi- nence } the word flgnifying a trad of land foxmcd by the approvmadoA of DOR two rivers. The principal part of It ij fubjc6l to the nabub of Oudc DooN, Loom, a lake, in the di. ftiift of Kyie, in Ayrflrire, It is fix miles i.i Ifngth, and of conhderable breiiilth. On an ifland in it is Bjlloch Caftle. DooN, a river of Scotland, whish ilTues from Lich Doon, divides the Hi- ftri£t of Kyle from Carrick, the foutb- em divifion of Ayrfliire, and falls into die frith of Clyde. DoRAT, a town of France, in the department of Upper Vienne, fea.edon the Abran, 15 miles N of Limoges. D0RCHX8TER, the county town of Dorfetfliire, with a market on Wed- nefday and Saturday. It is a town of great antiquity, and was much larger, having been formerly a city. It is feated on the river Frome, on a Roman road. It has three churches, fends two members to parliament, and is governed by a mayor, it aldermen, a recorder, and 24 Common council -men. It has no manufa£lures, but is fa< mous for excellent ale, which is fent to all parts of the kingdom. It gives title of earl to the family of Darner, and is eight miles N of Weymourh, and 120 W by S of London. Lon. 2 45 W, lat. 50 42 N. DoxcHKSTKR, a town in Oxford- fhire, whofe market is now difufcl, It was a hilhop's fee, till 1086, when William tlie Conqueror tranllated it to Lincoln; and it had Ave churches, though now but one. It gives the title of baron to the far.nly of Carle- ton. It has a bridge jvev the Tame, and is 10 miles S£ of Oxford, and 49 WNW of Londo.i. DoRDOGNX,adepan«nentofFrance, which includes th: late province of Perigord, and receives its name from a river of Auvergne, which falls intj the Garonne, near Bourdeaux. DoRN, a village, in the parlibof Blockley, in Worcefterfhire, on tliS borders of Gloucefterfhire. The people have a tradition that it was once a city } and here arc plain tokens of aa. tiquity. Dornoch, the county-town of Suthcrlandihirc, at the enuance of 3 . 1'. V.' V-,'- .■i':."tii-.''"C*";.l\ ."^'^"l" DOU DOV FFrance, vince of ime from falb into I, parlfb of on tl»e he people once a ;ns of aa» (Htb of the fame name. It Is a ftnatl place, and half in ruins, but was the re> fidence of the bilhops of Caithnefs. part of the cathedral fervcs for the pa- rifli church ; the other part is in ruins. It is 87 miles NW uf Aberdeen. DoBPT) or DoRTATi a town of Livonia, on the Ember, between the lalies Wofero and Pepas, 60 miles S of Narva. Dorsetshire, a county uf Eng. land, bounded on the N by Somcrfet- /hire and Wilts, on the £ by Hamp- Aire, on the S by the EngliOi Chan- nel, and' on the W by Devonfliire and Soinerfet(hire; extending 50 miles in length, and 38 where broadeft. It is iji the diocefe of Briftol, contains 2Z market-towns and 248 pari Hies, and fends 20 mcnnbers to parliament. The air is, for the moft part, very good and wholcfome. From the Hampftiire bor- der to the neighbourhood of Blandford, a heachy cammon extends, which caufes an exception to the general charafler of fertility which this county merits J but the rich vales to the SW make ample amends. The downs and hills are covered with great flocks of Ihcep, whofe flefh is fwset and deli- cate, and wool very fine. The pro- dufls are corn, hemp, ftone, and Ibme marble. This county is diftinguifhcd foi its woollen manufatiurf^. and its fine a!^e and beer. Dorchefter is the ca- pital. SeePoRTLANoandPuRBECK. Dor T, or Dordrecht, a city in Holland, famous for a proteftant fymwl held here, in 16 18, which condemned the tenets of Aiminius. It is feated on an illand of the Meufe, oppofite that of Yflclmond, from which it was torn, in 1421, by a dreadful irruption of the rivers, which broke down the dikes, and deflroyed 72 villages, atid 100,000 perfons. In 1457, this city wjs a] moft entirely deftroyed by fire. It furrendtred to the French in Janu- ay 1795. It is ten miles SE of Rot- terdam. Lor. 4 48 £, lat. 5 1 50 N. Dortmund, a ftrcmg imperial town of Weftphalia, in the county of Marck} feated on the Emftcr, 35 miles NE of Cologne. 1^0 V AY, a towa of France, In the department of the .North and late French Flanders. I c has a fine arfe- nal, a foundry for cannon, a military fchooi, 4 citadel, and three famous colleges. It was t^iken by the French in 1 7 12, and is feated on the river Scarpe, 15 miles NW of Cambray. DouBs, a department of France, including p«rt of the late province of Franche Comte. It is fo named from a river which falls into the Rhone. Dove, a river of DerbyHiire, which parts that county from SufFordlhire, and falls into the Trent, four miles N of Burton. Dove Dale, one of the moft ra> mantic fpots in Derbyibire, in the neighbourhood of Afhborn. Here the river Dove runs in a chafm betweea precipitous rocks. DouE, a fmall town of Fratice, in the department of Maine and Loire* It has one of the fineft fountains in France ; and near it is a vafl Roman amphitheatre, cut out of the fulid rock. It is nine miles SW of Saumur. Dover, a fcaport of Kent, with two markets, on Wcdnefday and Sa. turday. It is fltuate betvv jen two high cliff's } on one of which is an an* cient caftle, repaired in 1756, and there are barracks in it for 3(X)o men» The town is one of the cinque ports, governed by a mayor and ii jurats. It fends two members to parliament, and is the ftation of the packet-boats that, in time of peace, pafs between Dover and Calais, from which it is diftantonlyzi miles. It had fevcn churches, which are reduced to two in the town, and one in the caft!e« It was formerly deemed the key of the illand. The harbour is made by a gap in the cliffs, which are of a fubiime height, though certainly exaggerated in Shakfpeare's celebrated defcription. Hence, in fine weather, is a profpedt of the coaft of France. Dover is 1 5 miles SE of Canterbury, and 72 SE of London. Lon. I 23 E, lat. 51 8 N. Dover, a town of the county of Kent, and ftate of Delaware, in If^ America. It is the feat of the govern- ment } i^ands on Jones* Creek, a few miks from the Delaware River} ao^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) /a 1.0 I.I 1.25 ^ US. 2.5 llli 2.0 1.8 U ill 1.6 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4303 > • DOW " hn a coniiderable trade vttih. Phila- delphia. Lon. 75 30 W, lat. 39 io< Douxao, a river of Spain, which rlfci in Old Caftile, and, crofling Por- tugal, falls into the Atlantic' Ocean, near Oporto. DoucLAi, a town of Lanerk Aiire) on a river of the fame namC) that fails into the Clyde. Here , is Douglas Caftle, for agei the refidence of the fecond family in Scotland. A modern building has been ere^ed on the fame iite, in im'tation of the ancient caftlc. It is 37 miles SW of Edinburgh. Douglas, the beft feaport of the Ifle of Man, nearly at the fame dif- tance from rhe Englifli, Scotch, and IriHi (hares. Lon. 4 20 W, lat. 54 jx N. Douglas, Cape, a lofty promon- tory, on the W coaft of America, dif- covered by captain Cock, in 1778 ; its flimmit i^ppears above the clouds, fomiiig two very lofty mountains. Lat. 58 56 N. Dourak, a town of Perda, near the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris i remarkable for the reed of which they make pens. Lon. 56 57 E, lat. 3* 15 N. Dour DAN, a town of France, {n the department of Seine and Oife, with a manufactory of (ilk and wor- fted (lockings. Ic is feated '^n the 0'gc» 15 miles SW of Paris. DouRLACH, a town of Suabia, ca- pital of Baden-Dourlach. It was burnt by the French in 1689. The inhabi- tants are proteftants; and it is feated «n the Gie(ren, iz miksS of Philipf- burg. Lon. 9 28 E, lat. 49 2 N. DouLENS> or DouRLZNfr, a town of France, in the department of Somme, with two citadels, fented on the Autie, 15 miles N of Amiens. DowLATABAD, formerly called Amednagur, a province of the Dec- can of Hindoo(tan. It is bounded on the N by Candeifhand Malwa; on tfie W by the Gauts, or Balagat moun- tains; on the S by Vlfiapour and Gol- conda ; and on the E by Berar. Au- rungabad is the capital. DoM'LATAiAD, a fortrpfs in the .X>iccan o£ Hindoo(ia»>, 15 miks from DRA Aurungabad. In the nelghoourhood r.re the pagodas of Elcra, cut out of the natural rock. Lon. 76 o E, lat. 19 55 N. Down, the capital of the county of Down, in Ireland. It is a borough and market-town, feated on the river New. ry, feven miles W of Strangford Bay, Lon. 5 42 W, lat. 54 29 N. Down, a county of Leland, in the province of Ulfter, 4.2 miles in If ngth, and 34 in breadth; bounded on the E by the Iri(h Sea, on the W by Ar- magh, on the N by Antrim, and on the S by Carlingford Bay awd the Iri(h Sea. It contains 72 pari/hcs, and fends 1 4 members to parliament. Down, a fmall place in Perthftire, that gives the title of baron to the earl of Moray's eldeft fon. Downs, Thx, a road on the coaft of Kent, between the N and S Fore- lands. It is a famous readezvous for (hipping. See Goodwin Sands. Downtom, a bor ugh of Wilts, with a market on Friday ; feated on the Avon, (ix miles SE of Salilbury, and 84 WSW of London. DowNHAMy a town of Norfolk, with a market on Saturday ; feated on the Oufe, and noted for the prodigious quantity of butter that is brought hi- ther, and fent up the Oufe, to Cam- bridge, whence it k cdnveyed in wag- gons to London, and known there by the name of Cambridge butter.. It is 35 miles NE of Cambridge, and 86 N by £ of London. DRAGuiffNAN, a town of France,. in the department Of Var, 10 miles NW of Frejus. Dravx, a river of Germany, which rifes in the Tirol, runs acrofs Carin« thia, and entering Stiria, continues it] courfe to Marpurg y then it runs along the coniinrs of Sclavonia. and Lower Hungary, palUng by Efleck, and, a little a/tcr, into the Danube. Drayton, a town of Shroplhire, with a market on Wednefday, for horfes and cattle. It is feated on the Towi, which feparatcs this coim^ from St.nftbrd(hirc, and is 17 miles NE of Shrewibury, and j^^ NWof London.^ DrcsdkN) a city of Gerolany, csi- pital of Saxony. It is divided by the Elbe into the Old and New Town, which are united by a bridge 685 paces Icrig, and furrounded by ftrong forti- £cations. It has a caftJe, a univerfity) and a magnificent church for the Ro- man catholics ; and the principal church for the protcftants, that of the Holy Crofs, is alfo a noble ftruAure. All the houfes are built of freeftone, and are almoft all of the fame height ; and there are fo many palaces, that it is one of the handfomeft cities in Ger- many. The palacei of Holland and Ja- pan are full of curiofities from that country and China, with a great va- riety of Drefden porcelain. This city was taken, in 1 745) by the king of Prufita, and again in 1 7 56, but re- taken in 1759. It is 75 miles NW of Prague. Lon. 13 5o£, lat. 51 10 N. Dreux, an ancient town of France, in the department of Eure and Loire, which has a confiderable manufactory in doth for the army. It is feated on the river Blaife, at the foot of a moun- tain, 48 miles W of Paris. Drizs«kn, a town, in the new marche of Brandenburg, with a ftrong fort, on the rivet Warta, ao miles £ of Landfperg. Drino, a river of Turkey in Eu- fope, which has its. fource on the fron- tiers of Albania, and falls into a bay of the fame name, in the gulf of Ve- nice. Drino, a fcaport of Turkey in Eu- rope, on a bay of the fame name, in the gulf of Venice, 50 miles SE of Ragufa. Droghxda, a feaport and borough •f Ireiand, in the county of Lovith* It is a ftrong place, and has an excel- lent harbour. It is feated on the Boyne, five miles W of the Iriih Sea, and 23 N of Dublin. L^n- 6 > W, lat. 51 53 N. DaoiTwicw, a borough of Won- Cefterihire, with a market on Friday } featcvi on the Salwarp, and of great note for its falt-pits, from which fine white fait is made. It is fix miles ENE ef Wotcefter» and 118 WNW of Lon- don. DRU DftOMZ, a department of France* including part of the late province o£ Dauphiny. It is fo called from a river of the fame name. Dronxro, a town of Piedmont* feated at the foot of the Alps, on the river Macra, ever which is a bridge of a prodigious height. DaoNPiELD, a town in Derby* Aire, with a market on Thurfday, and a freefchool. It is fituate at the edge of the Peak, in fo wholefome an air, that tlie inhabitants commonly live to a great age, and it is therefore fo re- forted to, that it abounds with gentry and fine buildings. It is 28 miles ft of Derby, and 155 NNW of Lrmdon. Drontheim, a city of Norway, capital of a government of the fame name, with an archbifiiop'k fee, and a good harbour. It carries on a great trade; is almoft furrounded by the fea and the river Piddet } and is 270 Riilci NW of Stockholm, ^Lon. la 9 £» Jat. 63 26 N. DaoNTHXiM, a province of Nor- way, bounded on the W by the ocean, on the N by the government of Ward- huys, on the S by that of Bergen, and on the E by Sweden. The capital ia of the fame name. Dbown Ei> Lan !», a valuable tra6t of country, containing 40 or 50,000 acres, in the ftate of New York, oi» the N fide of the mountains, in Orange County. The waters, which defcend from ^e furrounding hills, being fioww ly difcharg^d by the river ifluing front it, cover thefe vaft meadows every winter,and render them extremely fer» tile ; but they expofe the inhabitants ia the vicinity to intermittents. Drum BOTE, a town of Ireland, in the county of Monaghan, eight mile» WofDundalk. DituMLANRjti, a town of Dumw friesifaire, in the diftriCl of Nithfdale f remarkable for a wood of oak fix miles, in length.. Here is a noble feat and gardens of the duke of Queensbury. In one of the parks here, Mr. Gilpin faw a few of the wild cattle which an- ciently inhabited the woods of Scotland^ Drumlanrig is feated on the Nitb«. I13. BuluNof Duisfkiea* .y ■./- BUB :,^:-:. . Dkusenhsim, a fortified town of Alface, on the river Motefy near the Rhine, five miles SE of Haguenau. Druses, a people of Syria, on the mountains Libanus and Anti]ibanus. They pretend to be defcended from the French that went to conquer Jerufa'em. They call themfelves Chrift.ans : they •re warlike, inured to labour, are great enemies of the Turks, and have their particular princes, called emirs. DvBLiM, the capital of Ireland, in the county of the tame name. It is frated on the I.iffey, in view of the Irifh Sea on the £. Its form is that of a fquare, two miles and a half in extent on ail fides; and it contains about az,ooo houfes, whofe inhabi- tants are eftimated at 1 56,000. With refpc^^ to its ftreets, Dublin has a near refemblanceto London) ^.-eat improve- ments having beea lately made in re> gard both to con^'enience and embellilh- ment. It contains two cathedral ', 18 parifli churches, two chapels of eafc, 15 Roman catholic chapels, 13 meet- in^-houfes for dilTenters of various de- nominations, three foreign churches, and a fynagogue. Among the princi. pal public buildings are the Caftie (the refidenceof the viceroy) the Parliament Houfe, Trinity College, the Royal Exchange, the new Cuilomhoufe, the. Royal Hofpital of Kilmainham for in- valids, and £nex Bridge, one of the five bridges over the LifFey. The Houfe of Commons was deftroyed by fire in 1792, but is now rebuilt. The harbour is choked up by two banks of fands, which pqevent vctTels of large burden from going over the bar } a de- feat which will be remedied, no doubt, by fome fine projected improvements. A canal has been made from the Lif. fey, which communicates with the Shannon near Clonfert. Dublin is 60 miles W of Holyhead, in Wales, and 330 NW of London. Lon. 6 6 W, lat. 53 21 N. Dublin, a county of Ireland, la the province of Leinfter,' 27 rrrtles in length, and 17 in breadth} bounded on the £ by the Irifli Sea, on the N by £aft Meath and the Irilh Sea, on the W by £aft Me«tb «ad Kitdare, DUK and on the S by Wicklow. It con- tains 87 parilhes, four market-towns, and one city, and fends 10 members to parliament. Duck Criek, a town of N Ame- rica; in the ftrait of Delaware. It car- ries on a confiderable trade with Phi. ladelphia; and is ix miles NW of Dover. DuDtEY, a town in Worcefter- fhire, with a confiderable market on Saturday, and a gtCat manufadlory of nails and other iron wares. There is a church at each end of the longeft ftreet. It Is 10 miles NW of Bir. mingham, and 120 NW of London. DuisBURG, a town of Weftphalia, in the duchy of Cieves, witii a uni- verfity ; feated on the Reer, near the Rhine, 12 miles N of DuiTeldorf. Duke of York's Island, an if- land of the S Pacific Ocean, difcover- ed by commodore Byron, in 1765, and named after the late duke of York, Great numbers of feafowl were feen fitting on their nefts, fo devoid of f. or, that they did not attempt to move at the approach of the (eamen, but fuf- fered thcmfelves to be knocked down; a fign, that- no human being had ever before been there. This ifland lies N of the Friendly Iflands. Lon. 171 30 W, lat. 8 S. Duke of York's Island, an if* land in the S Pacific Ocean, about 19 miles long. The huts are neatly made, chiefly of bamboo, and placed under the ihade of a grove of cocoa-nut trees, with a fence before them, within whicii the plantain, banana, yam, fugarcane,, &c, are cultivated with fome pains. In fliort, the ifland is a perfcd gar- den, and produces, befide thefe plants, - betle-nut, mangoes, breadfruit, guavas, ai.d fome fpices. The nutmeg wai feen by captain Hunter, who anchor- ed in Port Hunter Bay, ir. this ifland, in May 179 1. The natives go entire- ly naked. Their hair is wouliy, but they drefs it with greafe and powder,. and make it hang like candlewicks. The powder it a lime made from (hells or coral : they carry it about them in a gourd ; and, when they are hoftilely difpofed> tak« a q^uantity of U in ihtir hand, from wh ef the mouth, them; at a fn: appearance of fi m doubt, is mt ixnci. This U Howe's Group New Ireland. J 7S. DuLAS, a viJ of the i/ie of An/ account of the cc and upon all the 1 a/hes. DuLDlRSTAl msny, in the dt /iibjed to the ele ti on the river VS ofGottingen, ant DULMEN, atO' the bi/hopric of M ofthe city of that DULVXRTON, fliire, with a tnt fcated on the Ex, j Aaple, and 164 W DvLwicH, a vi tlieparilhofCafnbi Kgc> founded by N • principal perform pyi, In tl»e reign (alied it, The Col!( and endowed it for I and four fellows; thi ke divines, and the: for fix poor men an( and for la poor bo) V two of the fello and warden are alw; njmeof Aileyn or A g'e men. It is five r Dumbarton, a pital of Dumbarton/ confluence of the I 25 miles NW of G ftuiie bridge over the J «ipal manufafture is ofthe young women lilt print- fields on t Ueven. Dumbarton agjnir„ni$ ftilj k"p I flit times, deemed ir I fituation, on a vaft n |tef(|ue. Lan. 4 30 i^l'MBABTOKlHial ' 'DUM hand, from which, with a ftrong blatt of the mouth, they blow it before them; at a fmall diilance, it has the appearance of firing gunpowder, and, no doubt, is meant as a token of de- fiance' This ifland lies between lord Howe's Group and the SE point of New Ireland. JLon. X52 42 £, lat. 4 7S. Di/LAS, a village on the N£ fide of the ille of Anglefey, frequented on Kcount of the corn and butter trade ; tnd upon all the coaft they make fern- allies. DuLDERSTADT,. a town of Ger- many, in the duchy of Brunfwick^ fubjeft to the elcAor of Mentz, feat- ti on the river Whipper, 1 5 miles E cfGottingen, and 1 30 NE of Mentz. DuLMEN, a town of Weftphalia, in the bifhopric of Munfter, 18 miles SW of the city of that name. DuLvXRTON, atownofSomerfet- (hire, with a market ou Saturday, feated 00 the Ex, 14 miles E of Barn- ftapte, and 164 W by S of London. DuLwicH, a village of Surry, in theparifh of Cafoberwell, with a col-. kge, founded by Mr. Tdward Alleyn, • principal performer of Shakfpeare's )!iys, In tlte reign w ^unioecn. ne called it, The College of God's Gift, and endowed it for a mafter, warden, and four fellows j three of whom were to \t divines, and the fourth an organift ; for fix poor men and fix poor women > and for 1% poor boys, to be educated by two of the fellows. The mafter and warden are always to be of the name of Alleyn or Allen, and to be fin- gle mcnt It is five miles S of London. Dumbarton, a borough; uie ca- pital of Duinbaitonftiire, feated at the I confluence of the Leven and Clyde, ij miles NW of Glafgow. It has a ftune bridge ovet the Leven. Its prin- I cipal manufaflure is glafs ; but many I of the young women are employed in Itht print-fields on the banks of the Leven. Dumbarton caftk*, in which agifiirmi isi ftili kc;pt, was, in anci- (iit times, deemed impregnable. Its Ctuation, on a vail rock, is very pic- tuicf()ue, Lon. 4 30 W, lat. 56 o N. Dlmbartokihibc, anciently cal.- *. ^ V BUN led LxKxox, a county of ScotlxnJ»< bounded on the N by Pcrthfliire, on the E by Stirlingshire, on the S by the counties of Lanerk and Re^ifrcw, aii4 on the W by Loch Loung, which di- vides it from Argyle/hire. Its greatt ft length is 50 miles ; its breadth not above iz. See Loch Lomond. DiTMBLAN£, a village of Pcrth» fhire, remarkable fur a battle, called the batt'.e of Sherifl*muir, between the duke of Argyle and the rebel earl of Mar, in 1715. In this village is a ruinous cathedral. It is 30 miles NV^ of Edinburgh* DuMFXRMLiNX, a borough of Fifcfhire. It is a confiderablc manu- f;)dluring town, and has a good trade in linen goods. Here is a royal palace, the birthplace of Charles I, and '>f the princefs Elifabeth, great-great- great- grandmother of his prefent mai> jelly. Adjoining to this was a mag^ nificent abbey, part of the remains of which now ferve for a church. la this place were buried fever*^ kings of Scotland. It i« 15 miles NW of Edinburgh. DuMFRixs, a town of Virginity, on the river Potomac. »* ..1 •* » r L'T7MFR'XS, lite biipilil Ot m £«>ii{W~- tv of the fame name, in Scotland, on the river Nith. It is a royal borough* 30 miles WNW of Carlifle, Lon. g 29 W, lat. 55 12 N. DuMFRixssniRE, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N by Lanerk and Peebles, on the E by Selkirk and Roxburgh, on the S by Solwjy Frith, and on the Why the Kirkcudbright and Ayr. It is 50 miles long, and its greateft breadth is 30. See An- NANDALE and NiTHSDALK. DuNALD-MiLL-HoLE, fivc milc« from LancaAer, a great natural curio- fity, being a cave at th« foot of • mountain, into which a brook run8» after it has driven a mill near the en- trance. It contir.uL'S its courfe two miles under ground, and then appears at Carnfoid, a vilL^ge in the road to Kendal. Some of the vaults are fa high, that they refemble the roof of a church ; other parts fo low, that they cannot be pafled without creep: nj^, 'I'M DUN Dxr N B A K , a royal borough of Had- dingtonHiire, feated near the German Ocean, with a good harbour, formerly defended by a caftle, built on a rock, . but now in ruins. Between the har- bour and the caftle, is a ftratum of vaft ' bafaltic columnSi Dunbar is remark- able for the defeat of John Baliol's army by earlWarrcnne, in 1296) and, for a victory gained by Cromwell, over the Scots, in 1650. It is 25 miles £ of Edinburgh. DvNCANNON, a fort and town of Ireland, in the county of Wexford, on the river Rofs, fix miles £ of Waterford. DuNDAiK, a feaport of Ireland, in the county of Louth, on a bay of the fame name, ao miles NNW of Drog- iieda Lon. 6 17 W, (at. 54 ii N. DvN) tire. It is 22 miles SW ofOilend.j Lotu 2 28 E, lat. 51 2 N. Dun LK-Roi, a town of France,! in the department of Cher, 20 mileij S of Bourgcs. DuNLOP, fomelimes pronouncedl DzLAP, a village of Ayr/hire, In thel diftridt of Cunningham; celebrated for| rich and delicate cheefe. DuNMOW, Great, a town otl Efiex, with a market on Saturday, and! a manufactory of bays. It is 13 mile/ N of Chelmsford, and 40 NE of Lon^ don. DuNMOw, Little, a village lii Edex, adjoining to Great DunmowJ It had once a priory ; and is dill ^H moui for the cuitom inftitutcd in thd reign of Henry III, by Robert deFitzj waiter, and now the tenure of the maJ nor \ namelyi that what ever marricf ""^ DUN Muplew'ill go to the priory, and fvrtur, kneeling upon two niarp-pointed ftones in the church, that they have not quarrelled, nor repented of their mar- riage, within a year and a day after it took place, ihall receive a flitch of bacon. Some old records mention feveral that have received it. It has been a£lually received fo lately as fiiice the year 1750, by a weaver and his wife, of Coggedial, in Eflex. It has been demanded more recently ftill $ but the ceremony being attended with a great expence to the lord of the manor, die demand is now evaded. Dunning TON, a town of Lin- colnihire, with a market on Saturday, 37 miles S£ of Lincoliii and j 1 1 N of London. DuNNOSE, a cape, on the S fide of the Ifle of Wight. Lon. i 1 6 W, lat. 50 33 N. DuNROBiN Castlx, a caftle of Sutherlandihire, on an eminence,, near the German Ocean. It is the feat of the counters of Sutherland, and is 15 miles N of Cromarty. Ddnse, a populous market>town of Scotland, in the (hire of Berwick, between the rivers Blackadder and Whiceadder, la miles W of Berwick upon Tweed. * Dunstable, a town of Bedford- ihire, with a market on Wednefday. It is famous for elegant baikets, &c. made of ftraw, which are even an ar- ticle of exportation. It is 17 miles S of Bedford, and 34 NW of London. DuNSTAFFNAGx, a Venerable caf« tie, near Loch Ecive, in Argylefliire, fortrerly a royal palace, and afterward the feat of the lord of the ifles, DuNSTER, a ruinous caftle on a high rock, on the coaft of Kincar- dinelhire, 12 miles!S-«f Aberdeen. It belonged to the family of Keith, earls marfhal of Scotland. DuNSTER, a town of Somerfet- Ihire, with a market on Friday, %o miles NW of Taunton, and 1 58 W of London. DuNwiCH, a borougli of Suffolk, with a market on Saturday. It is feat- I (d at the top of a loofe cliff, and was formerly a bilhop's fee, but it is now DUR only the remains of a town, two parish- es being fwallowed up by the fea. It is 14 miles S of Yarmou^, and 99 N of London. Durance, ariverof France, which is formed, near Brianjon, of two ri« vulets, the Dure and the Ance, and watering Embrun, Tallard, Sifteron* Monofque, and Cavaillo'n, falls into the Rhone, below Avignon* DuRANGo, a populous town of Spain, in Bifcay, 14 mile9 S£ of BiU boa. Doran«so, a town of New Spaint in New Bifcay, with a biOiop^s fee, and good fait- works. Lon. 105 o W, lat. 24 50 N. DuRAzzo, a village of Albania, with a Greek archbifliop's fee, a ruin- ed fortrefs, and a good harbour, on the gulf of Venice, 50 miles N of Valona. DuRBVY, a town of French Lux- emburgh, capital of a county of the fame' name ; feated on the Outre, ao miles S of Liege. DvRCKEiM, a town in the pala- tinate of the Rhine, i% miles N£ of Neuftadt. ' DuREN, a town of Germany, In the duchy of Juliers, on the river Roer, t% miles S of Juliers. Durham, the capital of thebifhop- ric of Durham, with a market on Saturday. It has two ftone bridges over the Were, is furrounded by a waU, and has a caftle, now the bifbop's palace, feated on a hili. It contains fix churches, befide ttie cathedral, is well inhabited, and has manufaAoiies of ihalloons, tammies, and calaman- coes. Around it are grown large quantities of the beft muftard. Ne- vil's Crofs, Mcar this city, was erefted in memory of the victory obtained by queen PhJlippa, in 1346, over David king of Scotland, who was taken prt- foner. Durham fends two members to parliament ; is 14 miles S of New« caftle, and 257 N by W of London. Lon. I ay W, lat. 54 50 N. Durham, a county of England, called the bifhopric of Durham, bound- ed on the N by Northumberland, on the £ by the German Ocean, on tlw II DYS JSW by Yorkfhire, and on the W by Wcitmorland and Cumberland. It ex-^ tends 37 miies from N to S, and 47 from £ to W. It is (ituate in the dio- cefe of its own name ; contains one city, fcven market-towns, and 113 pariHics ; and fends four members to .parliament. The air is wholefome : the foil is various ; the W fide being mountainous and barreni while the £ and S refemble the S of Kngland. DunstsY, a town of Glouceftcr- fliire, with a market on Thurfday ; feated near the Severn, with a caftle, nuw in ruins. It is inhabited by clo- thiers i and is 1 3 miles SW of Glou- ccfter, and 107 W of Lmdon. DutKY Bay, a bay of the ifland of New Zealand, in the Pacific Ocean. ton, 166 18 E, lat. 45 47 S. DusszLDOKF,a ftrongcity, capital of the duchy of Berg. It contains about 18,000 inhabitanta, including the garrifoo. It was formerly the le- fidence of the eleftor palatine, coad- guous to whofe palace is a ceJebnted ^Icry of paintings. A new town, called CarUbdty is nearly completed. It is divided into fix regular quarters that open into an extenfive fquare } and, fiom the uniformity of the build- ings (exclufive of the new palace, and jKademy of painting) fornos a beautiful addition to the old city. Oufleidorf was taken by the French in 1794. It is feated on the rivers Rhine and Duf- fel, 18 miles NW of Cologne. Lon. 6 51 £, lat. i;t iz N. 4 DuTLiKGEK» a town of Suabia, with a bridge over the Dar» 33 Qiiles NW of Conftance, DuYVEtAND, one of the ifljnJs of Zealand, in the United Provinces, E of Schowen. Dwina, a river oftheRuflian em- pire, which falls into the Wliitc Sea, at Archangel. DwiNA, a riverofLithuanij, which divides Livonia from Couvland, and falls intp the Buitic, below Riga. . DYS.iaT> a borough of Fitefliire, on the frith of fojll), 11 miles N of £d;iibur^h» «AS E gAoowE, one of the Friendly Jf. linds, in the S Pacific Oceai, dif. covered by Tafman, in 1643, and C him named Middleburg. It is very different from tlie other iflands, which are l.wand level; for here the land gently rifes to a confiderable height prefeiiting a beautiful profpeft of ex! ten five meadows, adorned with tufts of trees, and intermixed with plan. tations. Lon. 174 30 W, lat. zi 24 S. EARLSTOji,orE*siLTON, atown of Berwickfli'xe, in Scot and, feated on the river Leader, 35 miles SE of Edinburgh. Earn, a river, which iffues from a bkc of the fame name in Perth- Aire, and joins the Tay, below Perth. Earmx, a lake of Ireland, in the coun^ of Fermanagh, 30 miles ia length. In the middle is an idand, oa which ftands InniikiHIng. £asingwoi.d, a town in the N riding of Yorklhire, ix miles N of York, and z 10 of London. Eastboukn, a town of Sufler, chiefly noted for plenty of the birds called wheatears, and as a place of re- fort for bathing. It is feated near the Engliflj Channel, 15 miles ESE of Lewes, and 65 SSE of London. Eastxr Island, an ifland in the S Pacific Ocean, la leagues in circuitj the fame thit was feeii by Davis in 1 686 : it was next vifited by Rogge- wein in 1722, and again by Cuokio 1774. The country is naturally bar- ren ; and rats are the only quadruped. The cars of the people are long beyond proportion, and their bodies fcarcely any thing of the human figure. Lon. 109 46 W, lat. 27 6 S. East i^ooe. See Look, EasT) and fo widi other words that have the fame name of pofitisn. Easton, the capital of the county of Northampton, in Pennfylvajsia, at the QOnHuience of the Leigh and Ue- lawaie. Lon, 75 17 W, latt 4t 21 N. Eastonness, tape on the coaft ( N point of Southw Eause, an anci in the department SW of Condom. Ebfrbach, a 1 date of the Rhine vine. It is feated mile and a half fror £b£rberc, a c nate of the Rhine, flucnceof the Nahe 1 miles SW of Creuz( Ebersdorf, a bflonging to the feated on the Danu I of Vienna, Eberstetn, a 0. Suabia, fubjcft c [Baden, /ix miles SE Eb£rstiin, a t( I Alface, eight miles S EBERVILtE, a to I the department of Pu ltd on the Scioule, e iRiona. Ebro, a river of S| jiithe mountains of S jCaftile, and waterin jTortofla, fai.'s intothi j ECCIEFECHAN, J Ifeihire, noted for i jmrlcet for cattle. It |«f Dumfries. ECCIISHAL, a to Ifiire, with a market |u feated on the rivei Ifilliop of Lichfield and pacftlehere. It i- ifStaffotd, and 143 N EccLESTo.N, atow i^milesSofLancaftet ECHTIRNACH, at( Nmhurg, on the t Rs NE of Luxembu! IEcvA,orEe^jA,af jSpan^ in Andalufia I'trZcnil, 28 miles S I, * * ^°*" '^^ ^ J"" for its red rind N on the Zuider ; "JyEofAmflerdam. [tDDVSTONE, the W'ijitheEngli/h CJ I,EaST| \t have the [the county ylvania, at and Pe- , lat. 4» EDD Eastonniss, the moft eafterly (2pe on the coaft of Suftulk, and the N point of Southwold Bay. Eause> an ancient town of France, in the department of Gers, 17 miles SW of Condom. EBFRBACHji town of the palatl- nite of the Rhine, remarkable fjr its wine. Ic is feated on the Neckar, a n'ile and a half from Mofl>.ich. Ebereerg, a caftle of the palati. natcof the Rhine, feated at the con- fluence of the Nahe and Aifen, eight miles SW of Creuzenach. Ebersdorf, a houfe of pleafure, belonging to the court of Vienna, feated on the Danube, nine miles £ of Vienna. Eberstein, a caftle and diftrift oi Suabia, fubjeft to the margrave of Baden, fix miles S£ of Baden. Eberstiin, a town of France, in ; Alface, eight miies SW of Strafbuig. £b£rvillz, a town of France, in Idle department of Puy-de-Dome, feat- Itdon the Scioule, eight miles 'from IRiom. Ebro, a river of Spain, which vifes i In the mountains of Santiliane, in Old ICailile, and watering SaragoHa and JTortofla, falls into the Mediterranean. EccLEFicHAN, a village of Dum- Ifricslhlre, noted for its^reat monthly linarket fur cattle. It is 10 miies S£ |tf Dumfries. EccLESHAL, a town of Stafford- lliire, with a market on Friday. It 111 feated on the river Sov ', and the hilhopof Lichfield and Coventry refides la a dftle here. It is fix miles NW f Stafford, and 143 NW of London. EccLESTo.N, a town of Lancafhirej miles S of Lancafler. EcHTERNACU, a town of Auftritn mtmburg, on the liver Sour, i8 lilcs NE of Luxemburg. EcvA, or Ez^ J A, an cpifcopal town fSpan, in Andalufia, feated on the |iitrZcnil, 28 miles SW of Cordova. Edam, a town of N Holland, fa- ous for its red rind cheefes, and sted on the Zulder Zee, 20 miles 'by E of Amfterdam. Eddystone, the name of fome (lisiatheEnjUih Chaondi fituate EDG nearly SSW from the middle of PJf* mouth Sound. On the principal rock (for the reft are under water) Mr. Winftanley built alighthoufe in 1700. This ingenious mechanic was fo cer- tain of its ftability, that he declared ic was his wifli to be in it daring the moft tremendous ftorm. Unfortunately, he had his wifli : it was deftroyed in the dreadful ftorm, November 17, 1703, when he perifhedin it. In 1709, ano- ther was built of wood, by Mr. Rud- yard, which was con fumed by. fire ia I7SS« Another, of ftone, was begun by the celebrated Mr. Smeaton, on April 2, 1757, and finifhed Auguft-a4, 1759. The rock which (lopes toward the SW is cut into horizontal fteps, into which are dovetailed, and united by a ftrong cement, Portland ftonCf and granite. The whole, to the height of 35 feet from the foundation, is a folid of ftones, engrafted into each other, and united by every means of additional (hength. The building has four rooms, one ovefthe other, and at the top a gallery and lantern. The fton"? floors are flit above, but concave beneath, and are kept from prcfliiig agaiiift the fides of the building- by a chain let into the walls. It is nearly 80 feet high, and fince its completion has been aiTaulted by the fury of the elements, without fufi'eving thefmal- eft injury ; and, in all probability, no- thing but an earthquake can deftroy it. Its diftance fi-om the Ram Head, the neareft point of land, i:, la miles. Lon. 4 24 W, lat. 50 8 N. Eten, a river of Wcftmorland, which runs by Appleby and Carlifley and falls into Sulway Frith. Edxnton, a town of N Carolina, on the N fide of Albemarle Sound. It is the capital of Chowan County, and is 78 miles S by W of Williamlburg. Lon. 7640 W, lat. 35 58 N. £d CHILL, a village near Kenton, in Warwickfliirc, where the firft battle was fought between Charles I, and the parliatnent, in 1642. It is 14 miles S of Warwick. Edgwarz, a town in Middlefexy with a market on Tburfdayy eight miies NW of Loudon. ii EDI Edinbukch, the capital of Scot- land, in a county of the fame name, on three hills, or ridges, which run from E to W, in a direftion almoft parallel. On the middle ridge, which is narrow and fteep, ftands the Old Town. The North Town is feated on an elevated pkin, gentry floping on every fide} and the South Town ftands alfo on a fimilar floping eminence. On each fide of the middle hill was once a lake. The S valley, drained of its waters, is occupied by Cowgate Street. The N valley is alfo drained ; but a difagrcc- able morafs remains, which is ftill call- ed the N Loch. The communication between the N anil S parts of Edin- burgh is by two noble bridges} the N one built in 1763, and the Sin rj%^. The North Town has many new fquare j and ftrcets, with elegant and uniform houfes. The buildings of the South Town are likcwife elegant and extenfivc, though not equal to thofe o( the Nrth, But, in this part, the New Colj.'gc, begun in 1789, wUl foon form a ftri- king objeft. The univerfity of Edin- burgh is celebrated in all quarters of the world ; its medical fchool, in par- ticular. Ofthc other public buildings, a few only can be mentioned j namely, the ancient caftle, once deemed impreg- nable; St. Giles' church, which has four ctiurches under its roof j the palace of Holyrood Houfe; the Royal Exchange; the Regifter Office; the Phyfician's Hall ; Heriot's Hofpital, a Gothic ftruc- ture, for the education of 140 poor boys ; Watfon's Hofpital, for the fup- portof the fons of decayed merchants ; and fome other public charities. Edin- burgh, with its dependencies, is fup- pofed to contain 100,000 inhabitants. It is fupplied with water, conveyed in iron pipes, from Comifton, four miles to the W. It is governed by a lord provoft, four ba'UfFs, and a common council, and fends one member fo par- liament. It is two miles S of Leith, 54 WNW of Berwick upon Tweed, and 3^9 N by W of London. Lon. 3 7 W, lat. 55 58 N. See Leith. Edinburghshire, a county of Scotland, called alfo Mid Lothian ; bounded on the N by Fifeihire, from EGRj which It is divided by the frith of Forth ; on the E by the fhires of Had< dington and Berwick ; on the S by that of Peebles ; and on the N and NW by the counties of Lanerk and Linlithgow, Its length, between the extreme points, is 35 miles; its greateft breadth 16. Ednam, a village of Roxburgihire, on the Tweed, near Kelfo. It is tbe birthplace of the poet Thomfon. ErrxRDiNG, a town of Upper Au« ftria, defended by two caftles, eight miles W of Lintz. ErriNGHAM, a village of Suny, once, according to tradition, a popu* lous town, containing 16 churches. There are, certainly, proofs of its ha- ving been a much larger place; for wells, and cavities like cellars, have been frequently found in the neigh< bouring fields and woods ; and, in the church, are, fome ancient ftalls and mo- numents. It is 12 miles N£ of Cuil. ford, and 17 SW of London. Egg, a fertile ifland, one of the He* brides of Scotland, to the S of Skye. EcKAM, a village of Surry, which has a neat almihoufe for fix men and' fix women, with a fchool for the edu- cation of 20 boys, founded by Mr. Henry Strode, in 1706; and another alm/houfe, for fix men and fix hv- men, founded by judge Denham, fa« ther of the poet of that name. In this parifh are the celebrated Coorxa's Hill and Runny Mead. Egbam is feated near the Thames, 18 miles W by S of London. £GLiSAU,an ancient town of Swif- ferland, in the canton of Zuric, feated on the Rhine, 1 3 miles N of Zuric. Egra, a firung town of Bohemia, formerly iniperial. It was taken by the French, in 1742, but they were forced to evacuate it the next year. Its mineral waters are famous. It is feated on the Eger, 90 miles W of Prague. Egrxmont, a town in Cumber- land, with a market on Saturday; feated near the Irifli fea, on the river Eben, over which are two bridges; and on the top of a hill is a caftle. It fent members to parliament in the reign of 1 Edward I, and is 14 miles SW of Cock- crmouth, and 299 N W of London. bia, on the £ b P'jetliem; and the BGY ZcYfT) a country of Africa, 600 miles in length, and Z50 in breadth, where broadeft; bounded on the N by the Mediterranean, on the S by Nu. bia, on the £ by rhe Red Sea and the iflhmus of Suez, and on the W by the deferts to the E of Fezzan. It is di- vided into the Upper, Middle, and Lower; which laft comprehends the Deiu. Though the air of Egypt is naturally hot, and not very whole EG Yt ,; . . are generally indolent and cowardly. The rich do nothing all day but drink coffee, fmoke tobacco, and fleep ; and they arc ignorant, proud, haughty, and ridiculoufly vain. From Alarcb to November, the heat, to an Euro- pean, is almoft infupportable; but the other months are more temperate. The S winds are by the natives called poi« fonous winds, or the hbt winds of the deferts } and are of fuch extreme heat fome, it enjoys fo many other ad van- and aridity, that no animated body ex-. ° '*"' •. L-. 1 . pofed to it can withftand its fatal in- fluence* During the three days that it generally lafts, the ftreets are de- ferted ; and woe to the traveller whom this wind furprifes remote from fheU ten It rains very feldom in Egypt j but that want is happily fupplied by the annual inundation of the Nile. When the waters re^Ve, all the ground is covered wnth mud ; then, they only harrow their corn into it, and, in llhe tages, that it has been always ex- tremely populous. Their ancient kings {overned Egypt, till Cambyfes became maftcrof it, 525 years B. C. and in the!; time all thofe wondefful ftruc- tures were raifed, 'hich we cannot behold without aftonifliment. Thefe I are the pyramids, the labyrinth, the immenfe grottos of the Thebais j the obelilks, temples, and pompous pa- laces ; die lake Mceris, and the vaft ciQals, which ferved both for trade following March, they have ufualfy a jaad to render the land fruitful. Igypt was fucceifively fubjeft to Per- fia, to Alexander the Great and his fucceflTors, to the Romans, Saracens, Mamlouks, and Turks. The pre- fent population of Egypt is computed plentiful harveft. Their rice fields are fupplied with water from canals and rcfcrvoirsj rice never thriving but in watery grounds. There is noplace in the world better furnilhed with corn, flefh, fi/h, fugar, fruits, and all fort» at 2,300,000. The inhabitants are of garden -ftuff} and m Lower Egypt Wmpofed of four different races of I people ; the Turks, who pretend to he loiafters of the countr^^j the Arabs, l*ho were conquered by the Turks; pe Cophts, who are defcended from Ithe firft Egyptians that became Chrif- Itians ; and the Mamlouks, who were loriginaiiy Circaflian or Mingrelian Iflaves, and being the only military Iforce, are the real mafters of the jcountry. Egypt has been, for many lyears, diftrafted by the civil wars be- Itween the different contending beys, jly which its 24 provinces were go- jverned. The famous HafTaii Ali, the ITurkilh admiral, gained feveral vic- Itories over them in 1786 { but though p reprefled, he could not totally fub- iJuetliemi and the Ottoman power, In this country, is now fuppofed to be Itttremely prpcarious. The complexion j«f the Egyptians is tawny, and the Ifiirthci- S the darker; fo that thofe fiCM Nubia arc almoft black. They are oranges, lemons, figs, dates, al- monds, cafiRa, and plantains. The fands are fa fubtile, that they infinu-'" ate into the clofets, chefts, and cabi. nets, which, with the hot winds, are probably the caufe of fore eyes being fo very common here. The largeft of the pyramids takes up ten acres of ground, and is, as well as the refl, built upon- a rock. The external part is chiefly of large fquare ftones, of un- _ equal fizes, and the height of it about 700 feet. There are caverns, out of which they get the mummies, or em- ' biilmed dead bodies, which are found in cofSns fet upright in niches of the ' walls, and have continued there at leaft 4CO0 years. The animals of Egypt are tigers, hyenas, antelopes, . camels, black-cattle, fine horfes, large ' afTes, crocodiles; the hippopotamus,^ the camelion, and a kind of rat, called . ichneumon ; oftriches, eagles, hawks, ^ pelicans, waterfowls of all kinds, aud ' ELB tlie ibis, which refemb'es a duck, and \tfas deified by the ancient Egyptians, oil account of its deftroying ferpents and noxious infers. Here is a fer- pent called the ceraftes, or horned vi- per, whofe bite is fatal to thofc who have not the fecrec of guarding againft it. The capital of Egypt is Cairo. EcYPTEN, a town of Courland, XOo miles S£ af Mitt< Elisaseth's Island, an ifland on the coaft of Maflachu{^t*s Bay, to the S of Cape Cod. Lon. 69 3 W, lat. 4s N. EtriABETH Town, one of the oldeft towns of the ftate of New Jer- fey, in N America. It was purchafed of the Indians in T664, and is 15 miles SW of New Yorlt. Elkholm, a feaport of Sweden, in Blekingen, feated on the Baltic, 24 miles W of Car!efcroon. Ellerena, an epifcopal town of Spain, in Eftratnadura, 54 miles N of Seville. Ellesdon, a town of Northum> berland, 28 iTiiies NW of Newcaftle. Ellesmbre, a town of Shrop- (hire, with a market on Tuefday; featod on a large mere, 16 miles NNW ofShrewftury, and 176 NW of Lon> ^n. Ellichpour, tho capital of the W part of Berar, in the Dcccan of I Hindooftan. It is fubjefl to the ni- zamofthe Deccan, and is 39$ miles I NE of Bombay. Lon. 77 46 E, lac, 111 iz N. Elmadia, or Mahadia, a fea- [port of the kingdom of Tunis, feated Un the gulf of Capes. It was taken Uythe emperor Charles V, but retaken foon after. Lon. 8 47 W, lat. 35 Elmo, Fort St. a fortrefs of iFrance, in the department of thn jEaftrrn Pyrennees, feated on the river [Ttt, Rvc miles N of Colioure. It « taken by the Spannrds in 1793, |kut retaken the next year. Elora. See Dowlatabad. ftLT Blsimbvkc, a feaport of Swedehy in the province of Gothland, fevea miles Eof Elfinore. XtsiMOkz, a feaport of Denmark* ftatcd on the Sownd, in the ifle of Zealand. It is the moft commercial place in Deiynark, next to Copen* hagen. It contains a confideraUe number of foreign rocKhants, and the confuls of the principal nations trading to the Baltic. The paflfage of the Sound U faid to be guarded ly the fottrefs of Cronborg ; but is a mil- taken notions for the conftatit dif« charge of the toll, demanded at El- finore, for the pafliage of the Sound, is not fo much owing to the ftrength of the fortrefs as to compliance with the public law of Europe. All vef- fels, befide a fmall duty, are rated at 1 1 per cent, of their cargoes, except theEnglifli, French, Dutch, and Swe<- dlHi, which pay only one per cent, and* in return, the crown takes the charge of conftru£ting lighthoufes, Ac. from the Categate to the entrance into the Baltic The tolls of the Sound, and of the two Belts, produce an annual revenue of above ioo,oool. Lon. 13 23 £, lat. 56 o N, See Cron- borg. £tTEMAi«, a town of Franconia, in the bifliopric of Wurtzbuig, on the river Maine. Lon. id ca £, lat. eo 8 N. El T HAM, a town in Kent, with a market on Monday, eight miles S of London. Here are the remains of a palace, in which Edward II often re- ftded, and his fon, John of Eldiam, was born. Its (lately !'all, ftill entire, is converted into a barn. Eltenbcrg, a lofry and exten- five mountain in the duchy of Cleves. It is crowned by an ancient fortrefs j (lands It the extreme point of a pro- montory, fix miles E of Cleves j and is the termination of a large chain of hills that runs parallel to the E fliore of the Rhine, at the diftance ©f 10 miles from its borders. Eltor, or Tor, a town of Ara- bia Petrea, on the Red Sea, 50 miles S of Mount Sina', with a citadel. £ltz, a town of Germany, in the EMB 'END '' %)ihopric of HildelHeiqni feated on the Leina, lo miles SW of Hildenieim. £lva8» a ftrong frontier town of Portugal, in AientejO) with a caftle and bifliop's fee. Here is a dftern fo large., that it will hold water .enough for the town for fix month.s. It is brought bjr a magnificent aquedud, three mile^ in length, which, in fome places, is fupported hy four or five arches, above each otiier. A royal academy, for yoting gentlemen, was founded here, in 17 33* Elvas is feat- «d on a mountian, nesv the Guadiana, 50 miles N£ of Evora, and 100 £ of Lilboiv Lon. 7 3 W, lat. 38 43 N. Elwakgen, a town of Suabia, with a chapter, whofe provoft is a prince of the empire, and lord of the town. It i^ feated on the Jaxt, 17 miles S£ of Halle. Ely, a town of Cambrtdgeihire, with a bifliop'i fee, and a market on Saturday. It is feated on the OuO; (which Is navigable hence to Lynn) in the fenny tradt, called the iile of Ely. The afiSzes are held here once a year only. It is a county of itfelf, including the territory around it, and has a diftin£k ^ivil and crutiiial jurif- didtlon, of which the bifliop is tlie head. Ic is 17 miles N of Cambridge, and 68 of London. Lon. o 9 £, lat. 52 24 N. Ely, Islk or. See Bedford Level, and Cambridgeshire. Embden, a feaport of WeAphalia, capital of £ Frlefland. It is divided into three parts, the Old Town, the Faldren, and the two fuburbs. It is feated at the mouth of the Embs, op ■ pofite Dollart Bay, 23 miles NE of Groningen. Lon. 7 5 £, lat. 53 16 N. Embo, a village near Brora, on the E coaft of Suiherlandfliirc. H-rc a perfon was burnt, in 1 717, for the imaginary crime of witchtrafcj the laft iuilancc uf thefe fanatic executions m Scotl.ind. Emtoly, a town of Macedonia, with a Creek aichbifliop's fee J feated on the river Stromona, 40 miles N£ of Salonich]. • £mbrvn4 an ancient and ftrong city of France, in the department of the Upper Alps. Before the revolu.' tion, it was an archbiihop's fee, Lut it now only a bifboprie. it furrendettl to the duke of Savoy, io 16933 bat he was foon compelled to evacuate iu It is feated near the Duranc^^ on a craggy rock, J7 miles E of Gap, Lon. 6 29 E, lat. 44 34 N< Embs, a river of Weftphalia, which rifes in the county of Lippe, and falls, at Embden, into the Dollart, a bay of the German Ocean. Emessa, a town of Syria, in the govern nnent of Damafcus. There are ftill noble ruins, that ihow it was an* ciently a magnificent city. Emmerick, a large city of Ger- many, in the duchy of Cleves. it canies on a confiderable trade with Holland, and is feated near the Rhine, e ght milefi £ of Cleves. Lon. 6 4 £, lat. 51 45 N. Emouy, or Hi AM EN, an iflaraof China, lying otf the coaft of the pro- viure of Fokien. It has x .elebrated port, inclofed, on one fide, by the ifland, and, on the other, by the main land : it is fo extenfive, that it caa contain many thoufands of vedTeUj drep, that the Jargeft Ihips clofe to the fliorc without in the beginning ot this century, it was much frequented by European veflTels.} but now all the trade is carried on at Canton. Thii ifland is particularly celebrated on ac. count of the magnificence of its prin. cipal figoif dedicated to their god Fo. Lon. 116 27 E, lar. 24 3 N. Em I 'LI, a town of Tufcany, with a bifliop's fee, on ^he river Arno, 17 miles SW of Florence. Enckhuysen, a feaport of N Holland, on the Zu'der Zee. It was once a flaurllhing pla>:c; but iis har- bour being now obftiu^cii by fand, it has loft its former confcqUv^nce. It is 25 miles NE uf Amfttrdam. Endeavour Strait. SeeG'Ji« NEA, New. Ending, a town of Suabia, in Au-j ftrian-Brifgiw, formerly f.ee and im- perial. Ic is feated near the Rhincn 10 miles below Brifach. and' fo may lie danger. ENDXTOriNG in Upland, fitui 10 an inlet of lak W of Stockholm, Ektielo, a 1 with a market Oi once famous for a ; was disforefted in royal palace, whitn in proceffion to the ] ceiSon to the thmn I of (jueen Elifabetl I from the crown ; ai lofitisleft ftanding \hont having been 1 1792, and its fite occ liioufes. Ic ij 10 m Encadina, ace Ifons, in the mountai Jit is divided into I jEngadina, extending |«' the Inn, from its jtole'!. Upper Engac fulva'leyj yet. on a- Nion, produces noth fcriey. The winter i his late here, duri pges are the con pn in fummer, the mini, and the c( kuch damaged by th( J Ekcirs, a town oi ft eieftorate c^ Treve pty of the i.ime nai pn the Rhine, 11,^ r* ^n- 7 3* E, IWGHIEN, a town f nault, near which v Fus battle of Steenk fJsSWofBrufTels. pNGIA, orENGlNA, ^11 of Turkey in Euro I "« fame name, bei |^tfitMoren,22n,i|e, I NciAKD, a kingd pi", bounded on the f on the NE and E ^Oce.-, on th- S by '"''e|)^.idonfhe Wby u\ fhe principalit J me Iri/h Sea. It '/"^ 7° W Ion. ^^""n* From the S tnt of :volu«' i.ut it idetcd \ j o»t late iU , on » r Gap. , which ad fails, abay cf I, in tl« here are was an* of Gtr- eves. It ade witli le Rhine, Lon. 6 4 n iflaraof f the pro- celebrated le, by the »y the maia ;hat it can of veffels; irgeft (hips (te without g ot thiJ uented by w all the ton. ThiJ ated on ac« of its prin- eir godFo. N. fcany, wU^ Arno, 17 bport of N Lcc. It was Ibut M hat- c* by faniJi lrdii'"P» See GUI' labia, in Ai' ]\ce andilH' Enokioping, a town of Swedenj in Upland, fituate on a river) clofe to an inlet of lake Maeler, 40 miiea W of Stockholm. Entulo, a town of Middlefex, with a market on Saturday. It was once famous for a royal chafe, which was disforefted in 1779. Here was a ,oya! palace, whence Edward VI went jn oroceffion to the Tower, on his ac- 1 ceffion to the throne. After the death of que^ Elifabeth, it was alienated from the crown J and only a fmall part of it is left (landing, the whole of the Ivont having been taken down, in 1792, and its fite occupied by fome new boufes. It i4 10 miles N of London. Encadina, acountry ofthe Gri- fon!, in the mountains of the Alps. It is divided into Upper and Lower Engadina, extending along the banks of the Inn, from its fourcc to the Ti- ileft« Upper Engadina is a beatiti- 'ui va'Iey ; yet. on account of its ele- ation, produces nothing but fye and larlcy. The winter lets in early, and mds late here, during which time ttdges are the common vehicles. \tn in fummer, the air is cold and lircing, and the corn> occaflonally lucb damaged by the hoar-froft. Engers, a town of Germany, in le eleftorate cf Treves, capital of a lunty of the inme name. It is feat- on the Rhine, 1 1 miles N of Cob- inU. Lon. 7 3» E, lat. 50 35 N. Enghien, a town of Audrian linault, near which was fought the us battle of Steenkirk. ic is 15 lies SW of Braffels. Engia, orENGiNA, an ifland and n of Turkey in Europe, in a gulf the fame name, between Livadia the Morel, 22 miles S of Athens. «.J3 cqE, lat. 37 45 N. iEKGLAND, a kingdom of Great "tain, bounded on the N by Scot- 1) on the NE and E by tlie Gcr Oce."', on ths S by the Engiifli nel, Sitd on the W by St. George's inei, the principality of Wales, the Iriih Sea. It lies between [E, and 7° W lon. and between I aid 560 N lat It is of a trian- iform. From the S Fuicland, in ENG Kent, to Berwick upon Tweed, in a ftraight line, it is 345 miles long} from that point to th^ Land's End, in Cornwall, it is 425; and the breadth thence to the S Foreland is 340; but the breadth diminilhes, in general, as we approach the north ; and, on tht other hand, the length would be con- fiderably more, if we were to follow all the windings of the feacoaft. The face of the country affords all that beautiful variety which can be found in the moft extenfive tra€ts of the globe; not, however, without roman- tic, and even dreary fcenr s, lofty mountains, craggy rocks, b::::k bar- ren moors, and wide uncultivated heaths ; and yet, few countries have a fmaller proportion of land abfolutely fteril. The mountainous tra£ls abound with various mineral trcafures. The pirincipal rivers are the Thames, Se- vern, Medway, Trent, Ouf», Tyne, Tees, Eden, Avon, Derwent, Dec, Merfey, &c. The lakes are chiefly in the NW counties. See Cumber- land and Westmorland. With refpedl to climate, England is iitt ate in the N part of the temperate so le, fo that it enjoys a fcanty fhare of the genial influence of the fun. Its at-, mofphere is inclined to chilnefs and moifture, and is Aibje£l to frequent inC fudden changes. , No country is clothed with fo beautiful and laftiiig a verdure ; but the harvefts, efpecially in the norlhtrn parts, frequently fufter from unfeafonable rains; and the fruits oftiB fall fhort of psrfeft maturity. The rigours of winter, however, and the heats of fummer, are felt in a much lefs degree thnn in parallel cli- mates on the continent; a circum- ftancc common to ail iflands. Whila the feaports of Holland and Germany are, every winter, locked up vv th ice, thofe of England, and even of Scof;.. liind, arc never known to fuflcr this inconvenience. The whole country, fome particular fpots excepted, is fuf- ficiently healthy ; and the natural lon. gevity of its inhabitants is equal to that of 3lmoft any region. All its mod valuable productions, both ani- mal and vegetable, have been im- I 2 ENG ported from the continent) and Im- proved by co'iftant attention. Ori- gitiaily, this g.-«at ifland feenu to have peen almoft entirely over-run with wood, and peopled only by the inhabi- tants of the foreft. Here were fornaerly %ears> wolves» and wild boars* now extirpated ; with large herds of ftags, roebucks, and wild bulls. By de- grees, the woods were deitioyed } the marflies were drained} and the wild animals gradually difappeared, and their places were fupplied by the domeftic kinds. England h;cerited) have feats in thehoufej of lord;). London is the capital, anlj the metropolis alio of the wh9le Bii tifli empire, EiJGL.iNO, New, a country of America, wunded on ihft N by CV nada, on the E by Nova Scotia a: the Atlantic, on the S by that nceji ar.d Long 1(1 ^nd Sound, andun tht by New York. It convaiJi!; the ftatei of . /ew Hampiiire, Malfacli jIc:] Rhode Ifland, Conneflicui, and Vl mont; which fee. Engelberc, a valley of Sv/il j land, 10 miles long, entirely furroarij ed by very lofty and ba'ren -nounu and bounded by the cantons of Bmi| Uri, and Underwalden. It is fjbj-:! to the abbot of a Benediftine monaf tcry of the fame name, whofe reil pucs are vtry confiderabie, and r| principally from his coramc'ie theefcs. Th a very intere/1 of a very gre; the fide of Thefe glaciers and exhibit ft There is abu marble, whit< earth, (late in fmall cryftals, fiJver, and vit mles SW of 4 IIRG. £KO,orEN< gear the gulf o archbilhop's fee (lantinopl>!. £m, a town the river Ens, 1 and 90 W of V £nsiskkim, the department feated on the Jij fach. iNSXiaKiN in the duchy of of Cologne, ENTKE-Doir; province 0,'' Po length and bread pita!. £riRizs, a I g2-7i capital of remarkable for il iait. It is feate miles N of Ca(ra lat.49 8N. Epirnay, i France, in the < It was taken by The wines produ flood, are very miles NW of C ^'HESUS, on Natolia, in that Ionia. The Ti Ajafalouc Its n ture was ths Ten 'lie primitive Chr •church. Ephe pnrt, but nothing except overturned pitili, broken (lat Mi, on an en »c guJf of Eph< -H.n«M>».^^4| EPri (tinfcs. The naturalift will find this jvcry interefting country. Glaciers, of a very great extent, are found on the fide of very fertile mountains. Theft glaciers are extremely di veififiid, jnd exhibit Angular points of view. There is abundance of fine black; marble, white veined j a vitriolic earth, flate impregnat.td with vitriol } fmall cryftais, called Swifs diamonds, filver, and vitriol. The abbey is iz iRiles SW of Altdorf. See Tit lis- £NO,orCNC3,'a town of Romania, near the gulf of Eno, with a Greek archbilhop's fee, 115 miles W of Con* ftantinop!«;. En I, a town of Upper Aufttia, on the river Ens, 12 miles SE of Lintz, and 90 W of Vienna. Ensiskkim, a town of France, in the departm jr»t of the Upper Rhine, featedon ths 111, 10 miles SW of Bri» fach. Enskirken, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Juliera, 1 5 miles SW of Cologne. EnTRX-DouZKO-K -MiNHO, » province 0!' Portugal, 45 niles in length and breadth. Braga is the ca- fital. Epiries, a town of Upper Hun- gary, capital of the county of Saros, rennarkable for its fairs, and mines of lalt. It is feated on the Tatza, ao miles N of CafTovia. Lon. a i 1 3 £> lat. 49 8 N. ErtRNAV, an ancient town of France, in the department of Marn^. It was taken by Henry IV, in 159a. The wines produced in its ncighboiir- hood, are very exquifite. It is 17 miles NW of Chalons. Efkesus, once a celebrated city of Natolia, in tliat part anciently c;t!led Ionia. The Turks call this pL^ce Ajafalouc Its moft celebrated ftruc- ture was ths Temple of Diana, which the primitive Chriftians converted into a church. Ephefus has ftill a good port, but nothing remains of the city except overturned walls^ columns, ca- pitali, broken ftatues, &c. Here h a ERP Smyrna. Lon. 47 33 E, lat. 37 48 N. EjPHRATA, or TUNKERSTOWN, a town of Pennfylvania, in the county of Lancafter. It is the principal fettle- ment cf a fed, called Tunkers (that is. Dippers) who are profi-ffionally Baptifts, of German extra£lion, an4 firft appeared in America in 1 7 19. It is 60 miles W of Philadelphia. Spinal, a town of France, in the department of the Vofges. It is feated on the Mofelle, near t le mountains f the Vofges, and is famous for its pa^ per mills. It was taken by marflial Crequl, in 1670, when its fortifications were difmantled. It is 35 miles S£ of Nanci. Epping, a town of EfTex, with two markets, on Thurfday for cattle, and on Friday for provifions. They at% each kept in Epping-ftreet, a mile and a half«froM the church. .The butter made in this neighbourhood, and caile4 Epping butter, is highly efteemed* Epping is 17 miles N by fiofLoa- don. ^ Ipping Forest, a foreft in thr SW of Eflex, formerly much more ex- tenfive, conuining a great part of the county. It was then called the Foreft of Efl'ex ; and afterward, when con- fiderably contradled, it had the name of Waltham Foreft, from its vici.iity to Waltham Abbey. A ftag is annu« ally turned out here, on Eafter Mon« day, for the am-fement of the Lon* don fportfmen. rppiNGXN, a town of Germany;^ in the palatinate of the Rhine, with a caftle, feated on the river Elfats, ao miles N£ of Philipfliurg. Epsom, a town of Surry, once ce- lebrated for its mineral waters and falts. On its Downs are annual horfe* races. It is 1 5 miles SW of London. l^rwoRTH, a village v k' the ifle oi Axholm, in Lincolnfhire. John Wef- ley, one of the founders of ihe fe£l of Methodifts, was born in this rl<«ce. Erfvrt, atown of Get many, ca- pital of Upper Thuringia, i , witu a unio . vcrfity. It was formerly imperial, but fortrefi, on an eminence, overlotiking is now fubjeA tothj elediorof Mentz, the gulf of £phefus> 40 isiljs S of It is defended by two ftrong fotts, and I3 ERI . . U Ctatti on the river GerC) 30 mites £S£ of Mulbaufen. Lon^ 11 23 £> lat. 5 1 o N. EiiiBOL) Loch, an arm of the fea« on the N coaft of Sutherland /hire, ca- pable of affording a fafe retreat to the largeft vcflels. Ericht, Lochi a lake ih the dif- trift of Athol, in Pcrthlhire. It ex- tends feveral miles into Invernefsfliire. Near this place wandered the fugitive pretender, in 1746, lurking in oaves^ and among rocks. ' • Erie, a lake of N America, be- 't^^'een 41 and 43*^ N lat. and 79 and 84° W Ion. Ic is 290 miles long, and 40 in its bruadeft part. The if- lands and banks toward its W end are fo infefted with rattlefnakeS) as to render it dangerous to land on them. Jt is covered, near the iflands, with a iarge pond lily, the leaves of which are thickly fpread on the fu 'uce of the water, to an extent of many acres : on thefe, in fummer, lie" myriads of wa- tcrtnakcs bafking in the fun. This lake is likewife infefted by the hif- iing-fnake, which is 18 inches long, /mail, and fpcckled : when approach- ^i, it flattens itfelf in a moment, and it^ fpots, cf varicns colours, become b 'ghtcr thiTugh ragej at the fame t :ne, it bk)W8 from its mouth, with great force, a fubtile wind, faid to be of a naiufeous fmell} and, if inhaled by the unwary tiaveller, it will inevi- tably bring on a decline, that, in a fjw months, will prove mortal. This lake, at its NE end, communicates with lake Ontario by the river Niagara. - £risso, atown of Macedonia, with a bi (hop's fee, at the bottom of the gulf of Monti Sandto. Erith, a village in Huntingdon- shire, feated en the Oufe, 12 miles £NE of Huntingdon. Near this place is a piece of antiquity, called Belfar's Hill, an artificial mount. Erith, a village in Kent, on the Thames, 14 miles ESE of London. Near it is Belvedere Houfe, the feat of lord Eaulky. Erivan, a city of Afia, capital of Per/iaii Armenia, in a province of the lame natnc^ with an Armeniao patri- ESC arch. It is defcndjed by a fortress, ia which is the governor's palace, and by a caflie, which is feated on the river Zuengui, near a lake of its own name. The lake is very deep, and 60 miles in circumference. Itis iq^biilesNW of Aftrabad. Lon. 44 52 £, lat. 40 20 N. EflKEtENS, a town of Weftphalia, in the duchy of Juliers, with a caftle, 10 miles NW of Juliers. Erlanc, a town of Germary, in the circle of Franconia and marquifate of Culembach ; feated on the rivet Regnitz, i» miles NW of Nuremburg. Erpach, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, 30 miles S£ of Francfort. Erpach, a town of Suabia, capital of the county of the fame name, with a caflle, eight miles SE of Vim, Lon. 10 19 £, lat. 48 20 N. Erquiko, a feaport of the Red Sea, on the coaft of Abex, fubjeft ts Tuik'y. Itis 320 miles SW of Mec- 1 ca. Lon. 39 5 £, lat. 17 30N. Ehzirum, a city of Turkiih Ar. menia, with Armenian and Greek e> pifcopal fees. It ftands between the I two fources of the Euphrates, aiid is a thoroughfare for the caravans to the EafV Indies. It is 104 miles S by E of Trebifond. Lon. 40 35 E, lat. 39 56 N. EscHxtLXB, a town of Savoy, ]o j miles SW of Chamberry. EsciiwzGiN, a town of Germany, | in the landgravateof HeiTe-CafTel, feat- ed on the river Werra, 22 miles SE of | HelTe CafTel. EscuRiAL, a village of Spain, inl New Caftile, where Philip II built a famous (lru£lure, in 1563, in memciy of the viftory gained over the Frcrcd near St. Quentin. It is called by the Spaniards Uie eighth wonder of the! world. It confifts of a royal palace, a| church, a monaftery, a college, a li. hrary, /hops of different artifts, an ex- I nfive park, and fine gardens. It I (hnds in a dry barren country, fur. rounded by rugged mountains. It is built of gray ftones, found in iiie| neighbourhood, which was the princi. pal reafon of its being etched on fuch ESL ESS t JiHigreeable fpot. • The tnoft re- markable part is the arched chapel, in which is a magnilicent fepulchre, cal- led the Pantheon, becaufe built in imi- tttion of that church at Rome : it is the burying- place of the kings and queens of Spain. The fathers belong- ing to the monaftery, are 200 in num- ber, and have an income of 40,000 ducats a year. It is feated on the river Guidara, 15 miles NW of Madrcf. EsiNS, a town of £ FrleOand, on the German Ocean, 20 miles N of Embden. Lon. 7 14 £, lat. $3 47 N. £sFABAiN,atownof Ferifia,in the pravince of Korafan. It is famous for the great number of writers it has pro- duced, and is 90 miles E of Aftrabad. EsHEX, a village in Surry, five miles SVV of Kingfton. It is diftin- guilhed by a Gothic feat, belonging to Mifs Pelham, the two towers of which ire as they were originally built by car- dinal Wolley. The river Mole winds through the beautiful plantations. Here alfo is Claremont, the villa of the earl of Tyrconnel, built by the late lord Clire. £bk, a river of Dumfiresfliire,"which is part of the boundary between Eng- land and Scotland, and falls into Sol - way Frith. EsK, a r^ver of Edinburghfhire, formed by tlte junction of the N and S Elk. They water Dalkeith, and uniting a little below that town, this river enters tlie frith of Forth at Muf- felburgh. EsK, N AND S, two rivers of An- gusihire, which defcend from the hills called the Braes of Angus. The for- mer divides this county from Kincar- dincthire for feveral miles, and reaches the Btitilh Ocean, a little to the N of Montrofe. The latter, after traver- fing the whole breadth of the county, falls into the bay on the W of the fame tcwn. EsKDALK, the moft eafterly divi- fion of Dunnfriesfliire, fo named from the river Eflc, which flows through iC into Solway Frith. EtLiNGKN, an imperial town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the Neckar, eight miles S£ of Stutgatd. CsNS, ASNK, or EssBNAy, i town of Egypt on the Nile, near the grand cataract. Lon. 31 40 £| lat< 24 46 N. EsPSRis, a town of Hungary, near which are famous fait mines, 22 miles N of Cafchaw. EsrxxisoN, a town of France, in thfc department of Eure and Loire, feat- ed on the river Gucile, iz miles from Chartres. EsFiKits, a town of Auftrlan Flan- ders, where a river of the fame nan>e falls into the Scheid, eight miles N of Tournay. Esquimaux, a people of N Ame- rica, chiefly inhabiting Labrador. The/ have no fixed abode, but rove from place to place ; fometimes coming as far S- as Newfoundland. They are of a difllrent race from the other native Americans ; for, as they havenobeard», thefe have them- fo thick and large, that it is difficuk to difcover any features of their face. They have fmall eyes, large dirty teeth, and black rugged hair. They are always well clothed, for there is nodiing to be feen but part of their faces and their hands. In fummer, they have nothing to cr>yer thcin in the night} but, in winter, they lodge promifcuoufly in . Cavcsc Their chief employment is hunting and filhing. EssxcK, a trading town of Sdavo- nia, with a ftrong caille, and a mag- nificent bridge over the marihes, S865 geometrical paces in length, and 15 in breadth. It is a difEcult pafs, and there have been feveral battles fought here between the Turks and Germans. It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialifts, ^n 1687, and is feated on the river Drave, 80 miles W by N of Belgrade, and 175 S by £ of Vienna* Essen, a town of Weftphalia, for- merly imperial, but now fubje£): to the abbefs of EfTen. It it eight miles £ of Duilburg. Essiq.uiB0. See Isskc^juzbo. E SSI X, a county of England, bound- ed on the N by Cambridgefhire and Suffolk, on the £ by the German Ocean, on the S by Kent, and on the W by Herts and Middiefex. It is 54 I4 I.* ■4 ]• nim'\H'A'' EST xnilea long, aod 48 broad. It is in the diocefe of London ; contains 18 hun^ dredsf 24 market-towns, and 415 pari/bes ; and fends eight members to parliament. It is, in general, a fine corn country, varied with gentle in- equalities of furface, and fprinkled with woods* What are called the Hundreds if Ejfex (though including only the hundreds of Baiftable, Rochford, and Dengy) bordering on the Thames and the fea, confift chiefly of marfhy grounds, which afford excellent paf- turage, yet are deemed unwholefome and aguifh to a proverb , but more in- land, they are dry^ elevated, and healthy j and ^ven^ the worft parts of th;m are rendered healthier than for- merly, by clearing the woods, and draining the ftagnant waters. Be/ide vaft quantities of corn, abundance of calvts are fent to the London market j alfo wildfowl], and the famous Col- chefter oyfters. ltd manufadlure of bays is far from being fo finurifhing as fo merly. Chelmsfbrd is the county- town. EsTAFLis, a town of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais, feated at the mouth of the Canches, 12 miles S of Boulogne. EsTAPo, a ftrong town ot New Spain, feated at the mouth of the ri- ver Tlaluc. Lon. 103 5. W, lat. 17 30 N. t Est I, a town of Italy, in the Pa- duaia, 1 5 miks SW of Padua. EsTXL&A, an epifcopal town of Spam, in Navarre, capital of a terri- tory of the fame name. It is feated en the river £ga, 15 miles W of Pampeiuna* EsTEPA, a town of Spain if) An- daiufia, with an ancient caftie, on a moantain, i% miles N by W of Ma- laga. EsTHONiA, orRiviL, a govern- ment of RuOia. It lies on tlve £ of the Baltic, and is bounded on the N by the gulf of Finland^ Oh the E by itngra, and on the S by Livonia. After having been long ati •bjefi' of conten-> tion bftweeA the Ruffians, Poles, and Swedes, it vtras finally c ed for its beauty and fine fmel). The Portuguefe gained a viftory over dnn John of Aullria near this place, in 1663. It is feated on the river Terra (which falls into th« Tajo) 15 milesW of BadajoB, and 75 £ of Lifbon. £swxcEN,'a town of Germany, \n the landgravate of Hef)e-Ca(S*l, 25 miles S£ of CaOel. £taya, a large town ofHindoo- ftan Proper, in the province of Agr^i fituate «n the Jumna. Near the ri- veri are the remains of a fort. The town is very wretched, having but two tolerable houfes. It is ft% oilet Eta^n, 9^ town lefutment ^ M( ofVerdun. £tampzs, a .t ' the -department ol fnttd on the river ffiiich abounds wit ijisiksEof Char Fthiopia, ana '.egion of Africa ha (d by fome geograpl Tided it into Upper ai in the fttSi they in( bia, and Aby^nia< fuppofed to comprifc of Africa, which arc to the Europeans. Etiinni, Sr.a the department of I remarkable for its ma and fteel, for the tci the water of the I which it is feated, i! Befide the manufaflii ware, aod cutlery {tl able in France) tlie v fbrais a confiderable ; J aicrce, Jt is 22 mi and j6o S by E of P E, lat. 43 2Z N. Etlingen, an i Saabia, in the margi pourlach, three miles the confluence of the Etna, Mount, jillind of Sicily, now the inhabitants. It i jkrated mountain in feet in height, and fei Ni-Demona, jo miles pis well cultivat'ed ali land covered with vine put on the N there is c I The top is always covi jthough it never ceafes Ififten fenda forth flar jwaption of Etna, on imentioned by Diodorui |out fixing the period wh IJut the fccond, records l«s,wajin the year 7 3^ Ithis, to the year 1447, l^o«. After this it , ETN / ■ S£ of Agra. Lon. 79 25 Ej lat. a6 ijH. / Etaxn, q/ town of France, in the itputment ^ Meufe, 15 miles N£ gfVnrdun. • ^ £tampzs, a town of France, in ' j{ department of Seine and Oife, Ijated on the river Loet or Etampes, ubich abounds with crawiiih. Ic is u miles E of Chartres. Ethiopia, a name by wliich r vid -(gion of Africa has been diftingui/b* ti by fome geographers, who have di- Tided it into Upper and Lowei' Ethiopia. In the firft they include Abex, Nu- bia, and Abyffinia. The fecond is fuppofed to comprife the centrical parts of Africa, which are very little known to the Europeans. £TiENiiz,ST.acity of France, in die department of Rhone an^ Loire, remarkable fur its manufadories in iron and ileel, for the t<*»npering of which I the water of the broolc Eurens, on which it is feated, is extremely good. Belide tlie manufacture of arms, hard- ware, and cutlery (the mod confider- I able in France) the weaving of ribands fbnns a confiderable article of its com- merce. Jt is 22 miles S£ of Ftiers, and 260 S by £ of Paris. Lon. 4 30 I £, lat. 43 2z N. Etlingen, an ancient town of [Suabia, in the margravate of Baden- Dourlach, three mites S of Dourlach, at I the confluence of the Wirim and Entz. Etna, Mount, a volcano, ia the liflind of Sicily, now called Gibe! by the inhabitants. It is the moft cele- brated mountain in Europe, 10,954 feet in height, aii,d feated in the Val- di-Demona, jo miles W of Catania. It is well cultivated all round the foot, land covered with vines o'> the S Ade, but on the N there is only large forefts. The top is always covered with fnow,' I though it never ceafes to fmoke, and joften fends forth flames. The fit ft leraption of Etna, on record, is that Imtntioned by Diodprus Siculus, with- lout fixing the period when it happened j jbut the fecond, recorded by Thucydi- |d«s, wa» in the year 7 34 B. C. From jthis, to the year 1447, ^cve iSerop- jtionsi Afkei this it ceafed to emit EVE fire near 90 years. The next was !q 1536: others followed in 1537, 1 567^ 1603 (which continued till 1636) 1664 (which continued 14 years} i68>, 1686, 1693, 1755, >763. >7H» >766, 1780, and 1787. Of all its erup- tions, that of 1693 was the moft ter- rible : it was attended with an earth- quake, that overturned the town of Cntania, and buried 18,000 perfons In its ruins. The mountain is 6 j miles in circumference at the foot. Eton, a town of Bucks, feated on the Thames, oppofiteWindfor, and. famous for a fchool and college founded by Henry VL 'King's College in Cam- bridge admits no other ftudents fot fellows but what have been brought up here. It is 10 miles W of London* Ettric]^ a river of Selkirklhire. From the wo))ds, fotjmtt\y on the banks of this river, the county Obtained the name of Ettrick Foreft. Ettriclf Banks are the fubje^ of a pafloral Scotch ditty. Having formed a junc- tion with the Yarrow, their united ftreams fall into tiie Tweed. £v, a feaport o'^ France, in the department of Lover Seine, with » ftrong caftle. The priricipai trade ia in ferges and lace. It is Seated on the river .Brele, 15 miles NE of Dieppe. Lon. I 30 E, lat. 50 3 N. EvAvx, a town of France, in the department of Creufe, ao miles from Mont Lajm. EvERDiNC, a town of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, feated on the Danube, 11 miles W of Lintz. EvEKSHOT, a town of Dorfctflilre, with a market on Friday, iz miles NW of Dorcherter, and 129 W by S of Lon- don. £vERHAM, a borough of Worcefterr fliirc, with a market on Monday. It it feated on a hill, which rifes with, a gradual afcent from the A^'oh, over which is a Itone bridge. It was for- merly noted for its abbey, conult>s three churches, and is 14 miles SE qi Wori:efter, and 9^ NW of London. Evesham, the Vale op, ifx Worceiberfliire, on the banks of the Avon, which flows along 'he SE p/ij-t of the counity, It i$ cekbrittcd foi its ^5 ■A EVE £X£ fertility aod beauty ) and) beGde the u'ual objeds of agriculture, great quan- ficies of gartlen-ftuff are here grown, ftjfil Tent to the towns around. In this tale, Simon, earl of Leicefter, was de- feated and (Iain, in 1265* Communi- Sting with the more ekteniive vale at borders both fides of the Severn, at gives to that, for naaffignable reafon, the fame general name of the Vale of W, and 7a 25 E Ion. and between 3c Eveiham. and 72° N lat. From Cape St. Vin. EuGVBio, an epifcopal town of cent to the mouth of the Oby, it is Iraly, in the territory of die pope, and iiear 3,600 miles in length ; and (torn duchy of Urbino ; 35 miles S of Ur feated on the river Itxm, 25 miles S of Rouen, and 55 NW of Parjj, Lon. 1 14 E, lat. 49 i N. EUROPE, jone of the four generj parts of the World, bounded ^n th^Ttf by the Frozen Ocean, on the S by the Mediterranean, on the Vf by the At< iantic and Northern Oceans, and on the E by Afia. It lies between 9 37 bino, and 87 N of Rome. EviAN, a town of Savoy, in Chab- laia, on the lake of Geneva, 22 miles N£ of Geneva. EvoLi, an ancient town of Naples, 12 miles £ o( Salerno. EvoAA, a fortified town of Portu- gal, capital of Alentejo, with an arch- biihop's fe'e^ and a univerfity. ^f Is 65 miles £ by S of Liibon. Li<:^. 7 40 W, lat. 38 30 N. EvORA-DK-MoNTX., a town of 'Portugal, in Alentejo, eight miles from Eilreniios. EvFHEMlA, a feaport of Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore, feated en a bay, 50 miles NE of Reggio. lat. 38 44 N. ■ EvFHRATis, the principal river of Turkey in Afia, which has two Iburces, not far from Erzerum, in Ar- menia. .It firft feparates that country irom Natolja, divides Diarbeck from Syria, ^d Aowing through Irac- Arabia, .wnteswirh the Tigris, on the confines • of the Perfian province of Kufiftan. It Cape Ma;apan, in the Morea, to the North Cape in Lapland, 2,200 in breadth. It is much lefs thai) eithet Afia or Africa, but far excels them in various refpeAs. It contains Nor- way, Sweden, Denmark, Great Bri- tain, Ireland, France, Germany, Pnf- iia, Poland, Spain, Italy, Portiigjl, Hungary, Swiflerland, and part of Ruflfia and Turkey, befide feveral if- lands. EusTATiA, St. one of the leall of the Leeward Caribbee IflandK in tiie Weft Indies, NW of St. Chriftopher's. It was taken by the Englifli from the Dutch, in 178 1 ; but foon after taken by the French, and reftbred to d» Lon. 16 32 E, Dutch in 1783. Lon. 63 10 W, lat 17 »9 N. EuTiM, a town of Holftein, with a caftle where the bi/hops of Lubecre-> fide. It is feven miles from Lubec. EwEt, a town in Surry, with a market on Thurfday, 13 miles S£ of | London. Ex, a river of Somcrfetfliire, wWch enters Devonfhire, belowDulveiton,aiiii 'tlien waters Buflarah, 40 miles SE of watering Tiverton, Exeter, and' top- i which it enters the gulf of Perfia. Sure, a department of France, vrhich includes part of Normandy, and is named from a river which rifes in Perche, and falls into the Seine. Evreux istheopitaL £uRC and Loire, a department of fliam, forms a fine eftuary, which ter- j mi nates in the English Channel, at Ex* mouth. Exeter, a city of DetonWirt, j with two markets, on Wednefday and Friday. It is feated on the Ex, om which is a handfome ftone bridge* It] Jf ranee, which contains the late pro- contains 1 5 partfli churches, and fo« >ince of Beauce. Its capital is Char- tres. EvRE vx, an ancient town of France, capital of the department of Eure, with a bi (hop's fee. It has a manufiiAory «f cotton veliTCti) »d of ticki ft is chapefs of eafe, befide the cathedral.! The navigation of the river was ahwAj deftroyed by one of the Coortenayij earls of Devon, and could never b«»?- ftored to its fosiatt ftate. It8>)it»| therefoR, i« at Topihaia» fin ii#| ^1f^' mm «)u J»*. 5 S^ and don. Lon. 3 ExETERf on the N£ bi 30 miles N Exeter, Aire, on £xe of PortAnoutl: EXILLKS, inlhe-departn taken by the < but reftored b] It is an impoi WofSufa. . ExMooR, a m the NW coi tending thence EXMOUTH, an the bay wbi the Ex, TO mi It is much freq Eye, a bora market on Sati a caille and of a; women are emp hce. It is 90 and 91 NEof I Eye, a river ( falls into the I mouth. EyemoutS, Ihire, at the nw miles N by W o Eyesdale, toaft of Arg'ylefli is noted for Hate Eyndhovkn firabant, in the d at the confluenc DammeJ, i^ mil Eysoch, a r'w fiiixen, which w. name, and falls ] Meran. PABRIANO, i Uie tnarjiufaK FAB FAL- below. It bu an extenfire coirmerce, and a (hare in the fiiheriei oi New- foundland and Greenland. It it go- verned by s nsayor, recorder, and 14 aUermen/ and fend* two member* to parliament. It is £8 miles SW of Bfiftol, and 173 W by S of Lon- don. Lon. 3 34 W, lat. 50 44 N. ExETKR, a town of N Carolina* on the N£ branch, of Cape Fear River, 30 miles N of Wilmington. ExETiR, a feaportof New Hamp- fliire, on Eneter River, 15 miles SW of Portfmouth. ExiLLES, a ftrong fort of France, in the- department of the Upper Alps, taken by the duke of Savoy in 1708, but reftorcd by the treaty of Utrecht. It is an important paflage, fix miles WofSufa. ExMooR, a foreft of Somerfet/hirey In the NW corner of that county, ex- tending thence into Devonfbire. ExMouTH, a village of Devon/hire, Ml the bay which forms the mouth of the Ex, 10 miles S by £ of Exeter* It is much frequented for fea-batbing. Eye, a borough in Suffolk, with a market on Saturday, and the ruins of a caiile and of an ancient abbey. The women are employed in making bone- hce. It is 30 miles N of Ipfwich, and 91 N£ of London. Eye, a river of Berwickshire, which. £ills into the Britiih Ocean at f.^:,. mouth. Eyemouth, a feaport of Berwick- fbire, at the mouth of the Eye, nine miles N by W of Berwick. Eyesdale, a fmall illand on the coaft of ArgyleHiire, S£ of Mull. It Is noted for flate quarries. Eyndhoven, a town of Dutch Brabant, in the diAriA of Bois-le>duc, at the confluence of the Eynds and Dsmmel, 1.3 miles SE of Bois-le-duc. Eysoch, a river of the bifhopric of. fiiixen, which waters the town of that came, and fails Into the Adige bel^w Meran. pABRlANO, a town of Italy, m the tnari^u fate of Ancooa, famous for iu good |»per. It la 25 mites NK < ofFol.goi. *! Faxnxa, an ancient town <^ Ro- . magna, with a bi/hop't fee. It is fa. mous for fine earthen ware, invented here } and feated on tHe Amona, \% miles SW of Ravenna. Faulvn, the capital of Da]ecarlia» in Sweden, in the midfl of rocks and hills, between the lakes of Run and Warpen. It contains (inc'uding the . miners) 7000 inhabitants. It has a famous copper mine, and is 30 mile» NW of Hedamora. Lon. 16 4a £» lat. 60 34 N. Faibfislp, a town of.Connedl- cut, feated near the fea, 100 milea SW of Boflon. X.on. 73 30 W, lat. 41 12 N. J FAiaFORD, a town of Gloucefler-. fltire, with a market on Thurfday. ; The churUi was bail" for the fake fifl]^ the giafSy taken in a ihip going tOt Rome. It has a8 large windows, cu- rioufly painted wUh fcripture hiftories^ in beautiful colours,: and 4efigned by^. Albert Durer. Itjs 25 mile* SF. at. Gloucefter, and 80 W by M of Loa^ don. - , Faik Islx., aniflandoftheNor^A ern Ocean, noidway between Shet-. land and-Orkney. Here the admical o^ the Spani/h armada was wrecked, Itk 1588. Faisans, ae illand in t^e riyisc * BidafToa, which feparates France froil^ Spain. It is alfb •:alled[ the lile pf Qpn* fereuce, becaufe LewisXIV and nil- lip IV here fwore to obferve the peacs of the Pyrenees, in 1660, after 24 conferences between their minifleis* Here alfo the hoftagea of France and Spain are received and delivered^ i{ being qtmfidered as a neutral place* It is ficuate between Andaye and Foiv* tarabia. Lon. i 46 W, lat. 43 20 ^i'. Fakenham, a town of Norfolk, with a nkirket on Thurfday, 20 miles NW of Norwich, and no NNS of London. ..''Falaise, a town of France, In the department of Calvados, with a caiile, and one of the iinefi towers in France. It was the biithplace of WIl- liam a.^Co«q.c«)r. It h5^^ i^^ FAR S of Tniroy snd i6S W by N of Lon. don. Lon. 5 2 W, lat. 50 % N. Fai.mouth» a town of Virginii, 0-. die river Rappahaimoc. Falsi BaY) a bay E of the Cjpt of GoodHopC) frequented during toe FAL fergei, liiMn^aiidkicet is>!)d ks ttinual fair, in Auguft, is one of the mofift* (nous in France* tt i« feated on the riy«r Ante, to mitei SE of Caen, and 115 W of Paris. Faakbnbxro, a feaport of Swe- den, on the Baltic, 17 miles NW of pt«vaience of the NW winds in May. Heinvftadt. Lon.' 13 50 E, lat. 56 Lon. iS 33 £, iat. 34 10 S. False, CAfEy £ of the Cape of G»od Hope. Lon. 18 44 £, lat. 34 16 S. Falstex, a little ifland of Den- mark* near the entrance of the BaU tic, between Zealand, Laland, and Mona. Nikoping is the capital. FamaoubtA) a town in the nland of Cyprus, with a Greek bifliop's fee. It was taken by the Turks, in 1570, 5»N. FALkeNBVKO) a ftrong town of Germany, in the new marche of Bran- denburg, feated ou the Traje, 60 mileu EofStettn. Falkinoham, a toWn of Lincoln- fhire, with a market on Thurfday, 18 miles W by S of Bofton> and 104 N of London. Falkirk, a town of Stiriingfliir^f chiefly fupported by the great markets after a fiege of fix months, when^liiey fcr Highland cattle, which are held in flayed the Venetian governor alive, and its neighbourhood thrice a year. Here, in 174&, the rebels defeated the king's forces. It is nine miles S of Stirling. FALKLAitD, a borough of Fife- jhire, at the foot of one of the Lomond Hills. Her« are the magniAcent ruins murdered the inhabitants^ though they furrendered on honourable terms. It is 6z miles NE of Nicofia. Lon. 35 55 E, lar. 35 10 N. Famine, Port, a fortrefs, on the NE coaft of the ftraits of Magellan. of a royal palace. It Is 20 miles N, of Here a Spanifh garrifon perilhed for want J fmce which it has been negleft« ed. Lon. 70 20 W, lat. 55 44 S. Fanano, a town of Italy, in the Edinburgh. ^ 4i¥ sm, Falkland' Tslanos, near the ftraits t)f Magellan, in S America, d!f- covered !:y fir Richard Hawkins, in Modenefe, 25 miles S of Modena. 15D4. In 1764^ commodore Byron Fano, a town of Italy, in the duchy took piklvfllon erf them, and made a of Urbino, with a bilhop's fee, and an fettlement, which he called Port Eg- anr.ient triumphal arch. It is feated mont; but, in 1770, the Spaniards on the gulf ur Venice, eight miles SE dlfpofTefTsd the Engiifli. This prcdu- of Pefaro. ccd an armament on r>>e part 0^ the JBritiilh court; but ;r»fc ufFair was fet- tled by a convention, by which the £:;g!i/k regained pofTeffion of the place. HoM/ever, in 1774, it was thought pro- pcT to abandon it. Lon. 60*^ Wj lat. 52° S. Fantin, a fmall kingdom of Africa, on the Gold Coaft of Guinea, where the EngliOi and Dutch have forts. The principal village has the fame name. Fareham, a town of Hampfliire, with a market on Wednefday, la miles E of Southampton, and 74 W by S of London. Farewell, Ca»b, the mod fouti.eriy promontory of Greenland, at the entrance of Davis' Strait. Lon, 41 Falmottth, a feap^rt of Cornwall, ^itNKAM| a town in Surry » with' a market on Thurfday. It is feattd on cbe Wey, and has a decayed caftle, OH an enniiten€e» the ufaal refidence of the birtiop of Winchefter. It has one of the gtciteft wheat mafkets in England, and the fine hops, grown in plantations round it, bear a greater price tha.i thofe of Kent. It is ii miles W of Guilford, and 39 WSW of London! Faro, a feaport of" Portugal, in FER SW by theriver Kentucky. Lt.-:5ngtorfi is the capital. Favitte, a county ofPennfyl.i vaiiia, 37 miles long and 33 broad. In 1790, itcoHtained 13,3*5 inhabi- ■ tants. Union is th? capital. Fayettevilh, a town of N Carolina, on the N W branch of Cape Fear River, 90 miles NW of Wil- mington, to which that river is na?i<< - gnbic for boats. Fear, Capx, * cape of N Caro- lina, remarkable for a dangerous fhoo}, . called, from its form, the Frying Pan. the province of Algarva, on the gulf This Ihoal lies at the entrance of Cape bifliop's fee, ao Lon. 7 4S W, of Cadiz, with a miles SW of Tavira lat. 36 54 N. Faro Islands. See F euro. Faro of Messina, the ftrait be- tween Italy and Sicily, fo named, from the faro, or lighthoufe, on Cape Faro, and its vicinity to Medina. Farringdon, a town of Berks, with a market on Tuefday, feated on an eminence, near the Thames, 18 miles W of Oxford, and 50 W by N of London. Farsis'/an, a province of Peifia, bounded on the £ by Kef man, on the N by IracAgemi, on the W by Ku Fear River, which is formed by two branches, called the NW and NE branches. Thefe unite above Wil-' mington, and fall into the Atlantic, below Brunfwickf Lon. 77 35 W, lat. 33 40 N. Fecamp, an anc'«nt feapott of France, in the drpartment of Lower Seine, 24 miles Ni£ of Ha- re. F£tDKiRCHE,acownofGermanyy capital of a county of the fime name, in Tirol. It is feate>l on the river 111, near its entrance into the Rhine, i < miles E of Appenzel. Feiletin, a town of France, the department of Creufe, noted fiftan, and on the S by the gulf of its manufadory of tapeftry. Perlia. Schiras is the capital. FATTipouR,atownof Hindooftan Proper, in the province of Agra, 25 miles W of Agra. Lon. 77 43 £, lat. 27 22 N. Favagnana, a fmall idand on the W fide of Sicily, with a fort. Lon, la 25 E, lat. 38 16 N. Fauqjuemont, or Valkem- lUKo, a town of Dutch Limburg, -yn the river Geule, feven miles Maeftricht. Fay At, one of the Aaores, or Weftern Iflands, which fuffcred great- ly by an earthquake, in 1764. Its capital is Villa de Hurta. Lon. 28 41 W, lat. 38 3a N. Fayxnce, a town of France, in the department of Var, nc^r the river Biafon, 10 miles from Gralle. Fayette, a county of Kentucky, kounded on the N by the Ohio, on iw fot Fellxn, a town in the Ruflian government of Riga, on a river of the fame name, 6 1 miles SE of Revel. Fel TR 1, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the Trevifano, capital of a diftndl of the fame name, and feated on the Afona, 40 nfiiles N of Padua. Femeren, a fertile iflandofthe Baltic, three mile.< frfihn Holfteln. Fenestrelle, a tov'ii and fort £ of of Piedmont, in the valley cf the Vau-' dois, taken by the duke of Savoy,, trom the French, in 1708, and ced- ed to him by the treaty of Utrecht, bis 18 milc« W of Turin. Ferabad, a town of Perfia, in the province of Mazand^ran, 12 miles S of the Cafpian Sea, and 130 W of Aftrabad. Ferabad, a town of Perfia, twc miles from Ifpahan, and extending three miles along the river Zenderoad,- the £ by Bouiboa county, and on tbe It wa9builtb/Shab-Abbu;Wh»brou9h|> rER: Ae Armenians here from the prece- ding towHi after they had revolted from the Turks. Fere, a town of France* In the department of Aifne, famous for its powder-mill, fchool of artillery, and manufactory of fine glafs, in the neighbouring caftle of St. Gobin. It is fcated at the confluence of the Serre aad Oife, 20 miles N of SoifTonSj and 75 NE-of Paris. FsHKNTiNO, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome, feat- ed on a moujiuin, 44 miles S£ of Rome. Fermanagh, a county of Ireland, in the province of Uifter, 38 miles in Isiigth, and %3 in breadth; bounded on t! e N by Donegal and Tyrone, on the E by Tyrone and Monaghan, on the S by Cavan and Leitrim, and on the W by Leitrim. It contains 19 p^'.rifhes, and fends four members to parliament. Innifkilling is the capl. tal., Fermo, an ancient town of Italy, in the marquifate or Ancona, wiih an archb'fhop's fee. It is feated near the gulf of Venice, 19 miles SE of Ma- cerata. Fkrnando-Nordnha, an ifland near the coaft of Brafll, fubjeft to the Portuguefe. Lon. 32 38 W, lat. 3 56 S. :,'f 'g, . ' FERNAItBO, an ifland of Africa, 45 miles W of the coaft of Benin. It is ^o miles long, and 20 broad. Lon. 3 3 E, lat. 3 6 N, Ferrara, a city of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a biftop's fee. Its magnificent ftieets, and fine buildings, evince that it was formerly a flourifliing city 5 but the prefent inhabitants are few in propor- tion to its extent, and bear ctery mark of povertj . They retain an old pri- vilege of wearing (words by their fide j which extends to tlie loweft mechanics, who ftrut about with great dignity, f'cirara futniflxes ail Italy with fkilful fencing- niaflers. In the Benedidine churrh, Artofto, the poet* is interred. Ferrara is feated on the Po, 25 miles NE of Bologna. Lon. ii 41 E, lat. 4454N. FET FzRRARA, or the Ferrarese, a duchy of Italy, in the ten itory of the Church, boimdcd on the N by thi; Polefino di Rovigo, on the W by the Mantuan, on the S by the Bolognefe and F omagna, and on the E by the gulf of Venice. It had its own dukes till 1597, when pope Ckment VI 11 united it to the apoftolic chamber ; finte which It has been cilmoft all uncultivated, though it was one of the fincft countries in Italy. The air is unwholefome on ac- count of the marihes, and the inhabi- tants are too few to drain them. Fer- rara is the capital. Ferrendina, a town of Naples, in Bafilicata, near the river Bafianto, 25 miles SWot Matera. Fe R r o, or Hi £ r o, one of the Ca- nary Ifles, from the W extremity of which feveral geographers have reckon- ed their firft meridian. It is a barren fpot, affording no water, except what is fupplied by the fountain- tree, which diftJls water from its leaves, in furh plenty, as toanfwer all the purpofes of the inhabitants. Lon. 17 45 W, lat. 27 47 N« Ferro, Faro, Farro, or Feroe Is r A N D s, fmall iflands i n the Northern Ocean, between 5 and go W lon. and 61 and 63° N lat. They are ("ubjeft to Denmark. Seventeen are habitable, each a lofty mountain rifingout of the waves, divided from the others by deep and rapid currents. The furface confifts of a fhallow foil of remarkable fertility ; producing plenty of barley and of fine grafs for fheep. Ferrol, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, with a harbour, one of the bt ft in Europe. !t is feated on a bay of the Atlantic, 20 miles N E of the Groyne, Lon. 8 4 W, lat. 43 30 N. FERTE-AtAis, a town of France, in the department of Seine and Oife, l8 miles S of Paris. Ferte-Bernard, a town of Fiance, in the department of Sarte, feated on the river Huiifne, 20 niiles NE of Mans. Fetu, a kingdom of Africa, on the coaft of Guinea, 10 miles in length and breadth. The Dat«h have a fort here. FE Z FEZ fEVERSHAM, a fcaport of Kent, the N of Africa exhibit a rlchet regett- feated on a creek of the Medway. It is a member of the port of Dover, and is governed by a mayor, 12 aldermen, anL 24 jurats. It has a market on Wednefday and Saturday} is famous for the beft oyfters for laying in ftews j and has feveral gunpowder- mills in its neighbourhood. Here are the remains of an abbey, built by king Stephen, who was interred in it, with his queen and fon } and here James II attempted to embark, but was (topped by the po- pulace, and conveyed to London. Fe- ver iham is nine miles W of Canterbury, and 4.S E by S of London. Feuhs, an ancient town of France, in the department of Rhone and Loire, feated on the Loire, 13 miles SW of Lyons. Fe z , a kingdom of Barbary, bounded ca the W by the Atlantic, on the N by the Mediterranean, on the E by i^lgiers, and on the S by Morocco and Tafilet. It is 125 miles in length and breadth. The air is temperate and wholefome, anc the country full of mountai'.s, but populous and fertile. tion. It has nothing peculiar to itfdf^ either in its productions or animals^ * fpecies of antelope excepted, called the huaddee, celebrated for the addrefs with which, when chafed by the hun- ters, amid its craggy heights, it plun- ges from the precipice, and lighting oa its hams, without danger of purfoit, continues till evening in the vale be- low. The heat of the climate from. April to November, is fo intenfe, that, from nine in the morning to funfet, the ftreets are frequented by the labour- ing people only j and, even in the houfes, refpiration would be difficulty but for the expedient of wetting the rooms : from May to the end of Au- guft, when the wind is ufually from, the SE to the SW, the heat is often fuch as to threaten in/iant fuffocation j but if it change to the W or NW, a re- viving frelhnefs immediately fucceeds. But nature and cuftom have formed their ccnftitution to fuch high degrees of heat, that any approach to the com- mon temperament of Europe entire- ly deftroys their comfort. Adders,^ Fez, th^apital of the kingdom of fnakes, fcorpions, and toads, are the Fer, one of the largeft cities in Africa, compofed of three towns, called Be- leydt, Old Fez, and New Fez. Old Fez is the iiioft confideiable, and con- tains about 80,000 inhabitants. Fez is the centre of the trade of this empire, and hence caravans go to Mecca, Tom- buftoo, and the river Niger. They travel over fuch deferts, that every other camel carries water. The Jews have handfome fynagogues', but the bulk of the inhabitants arc Moors. Fez is 250 miles NE of Morocco. Lon. 5 5 W, lat. 33 40 N. Fezzan, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the N by Tripoli, ^u the £ by defeits that divide it fron Egypt, oa the S by Bornou, and on the W by the deferts of Zahara, lying between 25 and 30° N lat. It is an extenfive plain, encompaffefl by mountains^ ex- cept to the W. To the influence of theife heljjhts it may be owing, that conliunt inhabitants of their fi Ids, gardens, and houfes. The air is crowded with luofquitos } and perfons of every rank are over-run with all the different kinds of vermin that attacfe the beggars of Europe. The nativrQ are of a deep, fwarthy complexion j inclining, in their perfons, mors to the Negro than to the Arab call 5 and their drefs is fimilar to that of the Moors of Barbary. In their common interc^urfe all diftindlions of rank feem forgotten : the fherecf (or governor) and the lowed plebian, the rich and poor, the mafter and fervant, converfe familiarly, and eat and drink together. In religion, they are rigid, but not in- tolerant Mahometans. The govern- ment is nionarchial ; but its powers are adminiftered with fuch regard to the happinefs of the people, the rights of property are fo revered, the taxes fo moderate, andjuftlce, diredted by fuch i here, as wc'l as in Upper Egypt, no, a firm, yet temperate hand, that the rain is ever knowr ; butthe fprings are people are ardently attached to the-.f fo abu.idant^ that few. of the re|$ion$ tn fuvereign. Mourzook is the (iapital* .-.-:j»i^jiL^^I:^iiiMA^^:e FIN ,- ;■ 'ft A NO, » town of Italy, in the pa- trimony of St. Peter, feated on the Tiber, 15 miles N of Rome. FiANONA, a town of Venetian If- tria, feated on tl>e gulf of Carnero, 1 7 miles N of Pola. FiASCONE, an epifcopal town of Italy, in ti e territory of the church, on a mountain, near lake Bolfena, 12 miles NW of Viterbo. It is noted for fine mufcadine wine. FiCHsKULOLO, a fortified town of Italy, in the Ferrarc" , feated on the Po, 12 miles above Ferrara. FilRANzuoLO, atownof Italy, in the Parmefan, 10 miles S£ of PJacen- tla. Fiizoi-l, an ancient town of Italy, in the Florentino, with a bi/hop's fee, five miles NE of Florence. FiFESHiRE, a fertile and popu- lous county of Scotland, bounded on the N by the frith of Tay, on the £ by the Britifli Ocean, on thcS by the frith of Forth, and on the W by Kinrofs, Perth, and Clackmannan. It is above 50 miles long ; its greateft breadth 16. Cupar is the county- town. Fig E AC, a town of France, in the ilepari^tT-criL ui'Lot, feated of: ilie river Selle, 22 miles £ of Cahors, and 270 S of Paris. FiGUEiBO-uri ViNHos, a town of Portugal, in Eftran.adura, feated a- mong nid'intains, near the river Zi- xcre, and reofarkabJe for excellent wine. It is 22 miles ^? of Tomar. FiGUERAS, or St. Fernando- DE-FiGUERAS,aftrongand important fortrefs of Spain, in Cata'onia, 10 miles NW of Rofes. It was taken by the French Nov. 28, 1704. FiLLECK, a town of Hungary, \~\ the county of Novigrad, feated on the river Ipol, 20 miles from Agrja, Final, a town of Italy, on the coaft of Genoa, with a ftrong citadel. It waa fold to the Genoele by the em- peror Charles VI, in 1713 J and is 30 miles SW of Genoa, Finale, a town of Italy, in the Modenefe, feated on an iHand fo.med ^y the Panaro, 22 miles NE of Modena. FiNX^HORN, a filing town of Mux- Fig rayAire, at the mouth of a bay of the fame name, 14 miles W by S of £igin. Findhorn, a river of Inverref:, Aire, which crofling Nairneftire and a corner of Murray^ire, forms a bay, to which it gives name, and which opens into the frith of Murray. Fi.^isTERRE, Caj>e, the moft weftern cape, not only of Spain, but of Europe. It was thought, by the ancients, to have no country beyond it, and therefore they gave it a name which fignifies the Land's End. Lon» 9 17 W, lat. 42 51 N. FiNisTiRRj, a department of France, which includes part of Bre- tagne. Its name fignifies the Land's End, it being the moft wefterly part of France. Quimper is the capital* Finland, oneof Uiefivedivifion^ of Sweden, bounded on the N by Bothnia and Lapland, on the £ by Wiburgh, on the S by the gulf of Finland, and on the W by that of Bothnia. It contuns the provinces of Finland Proper, the Ifle of .CEland, Oftrob.ithnia, Tavafteland, Nyland, Savola^f , and that part of the fiefs of "".^mene and Carelia, which Sweden has preferved. Abo is the capita'. Finland, Russian. See Wi- BURG. FxNMARK, apart ofDaniflj Lap. Iai!d, in the governmen'^of NVardhuys, Fjonda, an ancici town of Nato- Ha, on the gulf of Siitalia, with a bi, fiiop's fee, 25 miles SW of Sitalia. FioRENzo. St. a feaport of Cor- fica, near the gulf of the fame name. It was taken by the£ng!i/h andCorli- cans, Feb. 19, 1794. Lon. jaoE, lat. 42 35 N. Fisher ROW, a town near Edin- burgh, on the W fide of the mou'hof the Eflc. Fi s K A n D, a corporate town in Pem- broke/hire, fituatc on a fteep difi', on a bay of St, George'a Channel. It has a market on Friday, and is 16 miles N E of St. David's and 24a W by N of Lnndon. F18H River, Great, a river of Africa, which divides CafTraria from tli« country of the Hottentots, and F L B falls into tile oMan, in lat. 30 30 S. The deepeft parts of this river are inha- bited by the hippopotamus. FisTXLLAf afortificd town of Mo- roccoi 125 miles N£ of Morocco. Five Chvrches, an epifcopal town of Hungary, 85 miles S ofBu- ii, FiUM» the capital of a province of the fame name, in Egypt. It is very populous, and theCophts have abifltop's fee. Here arc many ruins of magni- ficent ancient ftruAurei. It is feated on 3 canal which communicates with the Nile, 70 miles SW of Cairo. FiuME, or St. Vxit, a populous feaport of Carniola, on the gulf of Ve- nice, 38 miles E of Capo d'Iftria< Lon. 14 46 E, lat* 45 40 N. Flambobooqh Head, a promon- tory of Yorkshire, five miles E of Burlington. Lun. o 4 £, lat. 54 9 N. Flanders, a fertile country of the Netherlands, divided into Dutch, Auftrian, and French Flanders } the laft now included in the department of the North. It is bounded by the Ger* man Ocean and the United Provinces on the N, by Brabant on the £, by Hainault and Artois on the S, and by Artoit and the German Ocean on the W, It is 60 miies^iA length, and |o in breadth. Flattxky, Cape, on the W coaft of N America, difcovered by captain Cuok in 1778; fo named, be- caufe, when it was defcried, the cap- tain had reafon to expeA to find a harbour, but he was deceived. Lors. 124 57 W, lat. 48 1 5 N. Flavigni, a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, feared on a mountain, ift miles E of Semur, and 140 E of Paris. Flic HE, LA, a town of France, in the department of Sarte, with a college, built by Henry IV, which is the nobI'!ft in France ) and in the cha- pel are depoflted his heart and that uf his queen, Mary of Medicis, in gold l>oxes. Ic is feaf^d on the Loir, 22 miles N of Anger*. Ft I XT, a river of Klrkcudbright- ikire, on the W fide of which are the wftigesofa camp, a Druidical circle, : FLO and a vitrified fort. It enters Wtgtotf Bay at Gatchoufe. FLENusBURGH,a Commercial town of Denmark, capital of Slefwick, With a ftrong citadel. It has a harbour in the Baltic, sind is 15 miles NW of Slefwick. Lon. 9 47 £, lat. 54. 50 N. Flzurus, a village of the Audrian Netherlands, in the province of Namur, remarkable for a vldtory gained by tht French, over the allies, in 1690; and here, on the 26th of June 1794* the Auilrians were defeated in a gene« ral attack of the French pofts. It is fix miles NE of Charleroy. Fij E u R Y, a town of France, in the department of Saone and Loire, 30 miles N of Chalons. Fliz, or Uly Island, an ifiand on the coaft of Holland, at the en* trance of the Zuider- Zee. Flint, a town of Flint/hire, feat- cd on the river Dee. Here are the re* mains of a caftle, in which the unhap* py king Richard II, was delivered into the hands of his rival, afterward Hen- ry IV. Flint fends one member t« parliament; and is 12 miles W of Chefter, and 193 NW of London. FtiNT8HiRE,acountyofN Wa'es," bounded on the N and NE by a bay, at the mouth of the Dee, which divides it from Chefhire; on the NW by the IriQi fea ; on the E by the Dee, which continues to divide ic ftom Che> Ihire, and on the S and SW fromf Denbigh/hire. It is 39 miles in lengthy and I X where broadeft. It is divided into five hundreds, in which are two market towns and a8 pariihes } it liesr in the dioc;fes of St. Alaph and Chef-- tcr } and fends two mentbers to parlia« ment, one for the county, and one fbr^ Flint, Flix, a town of Spain, in Catalo** nia, ftrong both by art and nature ;* built on a peninfula, in the river Ebro ; and defended by a caftle on an* eminence. Near it is a waterfall, and' it is 20 miles S of Lerida. Flobencx, an ancient, large, and' beautiful city of Italy, capital of Tuf- cany, with an archbilhop's fef, and a> univerfity. It is divided into two un« FLO FOC «quaT parts by thcrivcr Amo,overwIi'ch ate fiur bridges. That called the Ponte della Trinita, is of white mar- ble, and ornamented with four ftatues, rcprefenting the four feafons. The quays, ftreets, fquares, and fronts of the palaces, are adorned by ftatues; fonoe of them by the b^ft modern maf- ters. Many of the Florentine mer- chants, foriTicrly, were men of vaft viealth, and lived in a magnificent liianner. One of them, in the mid- dle of the 15th century, built that noble fabric, which, from the name 9f its founder, isftill called the Palaz- zo Pitti. He was ruined by the pro- digious rxpence of this building, w hich was immediately purchafed by the Me- dici family, and has continued ever fince to be the relidence cf the grand dukes of Tufcany, Among the innu- merable bbjefts, which attract univer- £al admiration, is the famous Floren- tine gallery, diftinguifhed, principally, for that unrivalled ftatue, in whire ^iiarble, called the Venus ofMedicis, tht ftandard of tade in female beauty and proportion. It is in vain to at- tempt a defcription of the churches and other j>ublic buildings} but the chapel of Lorenzo mud not be omitted } perhaps, the fineft and moft expenfive babitatiun ever reared for the deady ii'crjfted with precious ftones, and a- dorned by the woricmanfhip of the belt xjiodern fculptors. Florence is 45 i.niies S of Bologna, and if.^ NW of Rome. Lon. 1 1 2 £, l^t. 43 46 N. FtoRENT, St. a town of France, in the department of Maine and Lioire, feated on the Loire, 20 miles from Angers, Flobentin, St. a town of France, in the department of Yonne, at the confluence of the Armance and Armancon^, 15 miles N£ of Auxerre, and 80 SE of Paris. Florentino, one of the three p^rovinces of Tufcany, bounded on the W by the republic of Lucca, and the Modenefe } on the N by theAppenines } on the £ by the duchy of Urbino; and on the S by the Siennefe* Flo- rence is the capita'. FtoRts, a fertile ifland, one of the Azores, fo called from the abundance of flowers found upon it. Lon. 31 q W, lat. 39 34 N. Florida, a country of N Ame- rica, bnuTiJed on the N by Georgia, on the E by the Atlantic, on the 9 by the gulf of Mexico, and on th< W by the Mi/Tiffippi. It Is 600 miles long, and 130 broad, lying between 25 a.ia 31° N lat. and 82 and 91° \7 lon. It is divided into E and W Flo. rida ; St. Augufline, the capital of the former, and Penfaco'la of the latter. In fame parts, two crops of Indian corn are annually produced ; the banks of the rivers are well adapted to the culture of rice and corn : the interior country abounds with wood of almoft every kind ; the intervals between the hilly parts produce fpontaneoufly the fruits common to Georgia and the Ca- rolinas ; and the whole country is v«. luable, in a particular manner, for the extentive .rangers for cattle. Florida j was difcovered by Sebaftian Cabot, in 1497. Having often changed mailer?, I belonging alternately to the French and Spaniards, it was ceded by the latter to the Englifli in 1763 ; butini78r,it Wvis taken by the Spaniards, and ceded to them in 1783. FtoTz, a town of Walachia, featel near the confluence of tlie GenilTa, with the Danube. FtouR, St. an epifcopal town of France, in the department of Can'al. Good knives are made here, and its fSirs aie famous for the faie of mules and rye. It is feated on a mountain, 4 ^ miles S of Clermont, and 250 S or Paris. Flushing, a feaport of Dutch Zea- land, in the ifland of Wa'cherin, with a great foreign trade. It furrendered to the French in January 1795, and is four miles SW of Middleburgh, Lon. 3 3sE»'lat' 5» 29 N. Fochabers, a townofBanft'lhire, near the river Spey. Here is Gordon Cadle, the princely manfion of the duke of Gordon, now greatly mo- dernized j and in the town many girls are employed in fpinning, and in tk ? *i»J.' , re. and its JutchZca- |herin, with furrendered r95> ""^'^ Irgh. Lon. fBanft'ihire, is Gordon lion of the Ireatly mo- 1 many girls land in ^ FOK nanufa^bire of fewing thread, under the patronage of the duchefs. It is ^8 miles NW of Aberdeen. Fo-CHAN) a village of China, in the province of Quang-tong. It is the largeft and moil populous village la the world* It is called a village be- caufe it hai no walls, and has not a preAding governor, although it has a great trade, and contains more houfes and inhabitants than even Canton. It is reckoned to be nine miles in cir- cumference, and i.0 contain 1,000,000, of i.jhsbitant8. It is la miles from Canton. Foe HI A Nova, a feaport of Nato- lia, on the gulf of Sanderly, with a caf- tle. The Venetians beat the Turkifh fleet, near this place, in 1650. FoDGiA, a townofthejiingdom of Naples, in Capitanata, feated near the Cerbero, 10 miles £ of Manfredonia. FoDWAR, a town of Hungary, on the Danube, oppofite Calocza. FoGARAS, a town and caftle of Tr'nfylvania, on the river Alauta, 30 miles N£ of Hermanftadt. FoiA, an ancient town of Natolia on the gulf of Smyrna, 30 miles N of the city of that name. It has a good harbour, and a ftrong caftle. Foix, a town of France, in the dfe- partmeiit of Arriege, feated on the ri- ver Arriege, at the fcwt of the PyrC' nees, eight miles S of Pamiers. Here is a manu'afilory of coarfe woollen cloths, and fome copper mills. FoKiEN, a fmall province of China, bounded on the N by Tche-kiange, on tiie W by Kiang-fi, on the S by Quan-tong, and on the £ by the Chi- ncfe Sea. Its climate is warm ; and ycttheairis fo pure, that no conta- gious difeafes ever prevail here. It produces mulk in abundance, precious Hones, quickfilver, iron, and tin. Induftry fertilizes even the mountaiis, the greater part of which are difpofed in the form of amphitheatres, and cut into terraces, rifing above each other. Its vallies are watered by fprings and rivers which fall from the mountains, and which the huibandman knows how todiftribute, with great /kill, to refre/h hij rice, which grows only in watet : FON he has even the art to ralfe his water t9 the tops of the mountains, and of con- veying it from one fide to another, by pipes made of bamboo. The people fpeak a different language in moft of the cities, each of which has its parti* cular dialed. The language of the mandarins is that which is fpoken eve- ry where J but few underilar^d it ia this province : however, it produce,- a great number of literati. It contains nine cities of the Hrft, and 60 of the third clafs. FoLiGNi, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the duchy of Umbria. It is remarkable for its fweatmeats, paper- mills, nik manufactures, and fairs ; and is feated on the declivity of a mountain, 69 miles N of Rome. FoL KETONE, a town of Kent, With a market on Thurfday. It was once a flourifhing town, containing five parifh churches, now reduced to one fmall church. It is a member of tlie port of Dover, and is feated on the £ngliih Channel, eight miles SW of Dover, and 72 £ by S of London* Lon. I 14 £, lat. 51 5 N. Fond I, an epifcopal town of Naples, in Terra-di-Lavoro, near a lake of the fame name, 50 miles SE of Rome. FoNG- TsiANO - rou, a city of China, in the province of Chen fi« Its diftri£V contains eight cities of the fecond and third clafs. It is 495 miles SWofPekin. FoNG.VANG-Fou, acitydf Chitia, in the province of Kiang-nan, feated on a mountain, which hangs over the YcHow River. It inclofes within its walls feveral fertile little hills ; and Its jurifdiftion comprehends five cities of the fecond and 1 3 of the third clafs. It is 70 miles NE of Nan- king. FoNTAiNBLEAU,a town of FranCe» in the department of Seine and Marne, remarkable for its fine palace, a hunt- ing feat of the late kings of France, It is in the midft of a foreft, 35 mile^ S£ of Paris. Fontaine-l'Eveque, a town of France, in the department of the North ^nd late province of Hainault, near the river Sambre, three milcs W of Charleroy, J\C: FOR PoNTAK ABi A) a feaport nf Spaini In Bifcay, feated on a peninfula, on the bay of difcay, and on the river Bi- daflba. It is well fortified by nature cni art, and has a good harbour, though dry at low water. It is a very in.por- tant place^ being accounted the key of Spain on that fide; but it was taken by the French, in Sept. 1794.. It is 22 miles SW of Bayonne, and 6% E of Bilboa. Lon. i 33 W,lat. 43 23 N. FoNTENAi, a village of France, in the department of Yonne, remarkable for a battle fought, in 841, between the emperor Lothario and his brothers Charles and Lewis, in which the latter were vidlorious, and in which 100,000 men are faid to have fallen. It is 20 miles SE of Auxerre. FoNTENAI-LK CoMTC, a tOWn of France, in the department of Vendee. It has a woollen manufaAure, and its fair is famous for cattle, particularly for mules, on which laft account it is reforted to by the Spaniards. It is feated on the Vendee, near the bay of Bifcay, 25 miles N£ of Rochelle. FoNTXNor, a village of Auftrian Halnault, remarkable for a vi^ry gained by the French over the allies, in 174$. It is four miles SW of Tournay. FoN TE VR A u L T, a town of France, }n the department of Maine aid Loire. Here was a famous abbey, founded by Robert d*Arbrin*el, in 11 00. It was the chief of a religious order, which, by a lingular whim of the founder, confided of both fexes, and the general of which was a woman. It is nine miles SE of Saumur, and 160 SW of Paris. FoRCALquiER, an ancient town of France, in the department of the Lower Alps, feated on a hill (at the foot of which runs the river Laye) 20 miles NE of Aix. FoRCHAiN, a ftrohg town of Ger- many, in the bilhopric of Bamberg, with a fine arfenal } feated on the river Itednitz, 1 8 miles S of Bamberg. FOKOINGBRIDGE, » tOWn of Hamp/hire, with a market on Satur- day, 20 miles SW of Winchelter, and tj W by S of London. FoBDinoTOKf a villagei near Dor- FOR chefFer, In Doifetfhire, with a bridge over the Frome. It was formerly a fubur'j to Dorchefler. FoRDwiCH, a member of the port of Sandwich, in Kent, feated on the river Stour. It is noted for excellent trouts, and is three miles NE of Canterbury. FOKELAN0, SouT^i, a headland, forming the E point of Kent, and cal- led South, in refped to its bearinz from the other Foreland, which is Gi miles to the N. Between thcfe captj, is the noted road, called the Downs, to which they are a great fccurity. For E L ADO, Nor TH, apromontory, on the NE point of the ifleof Thanet, in Kent, and the mofl fcuchern put of the port of London. Here is 3 round brick tower, near 80 feet high, eredled by the Trinity Houfe, for a Teamark. Forest-Towns, four towns of Suabia, on the Rhine, at the entrance of the Black Foreft. Their namrs ar« Waldfchut, LaufFenburg, Seckingen, and Rhelnfelden; and they are fub* je^ to the houfe of AufVria. For Ez, a province of France, boand* ed on the W by Auvergne, on the $ by Velay and the Vivarais, on the E by the Lyonois, and on the N by Bur- gundy and the Bourbonnois. It now forms, with the Lyonois, the depart. ment of Rhone and Loire. Forfar. See Angusshire. Forfar, the county-town of An. guslhire, 14 miles W of Montrofe, Lon. 2 54 W, lat. 56 35 N. Forges, a town of France, in th? department of Lower Seine, remark- able for mineral waters. It is 69 miles NW of Paris. FoRti, an ancient town of Romag. na, capital of a territory of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee, 40 miles N£ of Florence. Lon. 1 1 44. £, lati 44 16 N. Formosa, an ifland in the Chincfe Sea, 90 miles £ of Canton. It lies betw'een »» 8 and 25 20 N latitude, its N extremity being in lon, 122 30 E. It is fubje£t to the Chinefe,who, nntwithllanding its proximity, did not know of its exiftence till 1430. It is >ce,boand« on the S on the E by Bur- It now the depart* 44. E, Ut. the Chincfe on. It li" N latitude, )n. J 22 30 linefej'who, lity, Jid not 1430. It" FOR «;5 miles long, and 75 broad. The Dutch built the fort of Zealand in the W part} in 1634. They were driven &enee, In i66i> by a Chinefe pirate ; but| in i68z» the whoie ifland fub- nitted to the emperor of China. Its air is pure and wholefome j and it pro- FOW Ungj "where it forms the noble cftuary^ called the Frith of Forth. There is 4 communication between this river an4 the ClydC) by a canal. See Canal, Crzat. P0RTRO8Z, a decayed borough of B.ofs/hire, on the Murrzy Frith, nearly oppnfite Fort George. F0S8AN0, a ftrong town of Pied* mont, with a biihop's fee ; feated oa the Sture, 10 miles N£ of Coni. (oasoMBRONx, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, with a bifliop's fee; feat'd near the Metro, 12 miles SE of Urbino. FoTHERiNGAY, a town of Nor. thamptonfliire, nine miles S of Stam> ford, near the river Ncn. It is noted for the ruins of the caftie, in which Mary, queen of Scotland, was be« headed. Fou£, an ancient town of Lower ^gyp^ feated on the Nile, 25 milei S of Rofetto. Fou CERES, a town of France, in , the department of Maine and Loire, with an ancient caftle, feated on the Coefnom, 25 miles NE of Rcnnes« and 1 50 W of Paris. FouLSRAM, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Tuefday, 16 miles NW of Norwich, and Jii NE of London. Four Cantons, Lake or thi. See Waldst;etter See. Fourneaux Is;.and, a fmall if- land in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon. 143 2 W, lat. 17 II S. Fou-TCHEou-rou,acityofChina, in Fo-kien, one of the moft confidcr- able in that province, on account of its trade, the convenience of its rivers and port, the number of its literati, and the magnificence of Its principal bridge, which has more than 100 arches conftruilcd of white flone, and ornamented with a double baluihade throughout. It is the refidcnce of a viceroy, has under its jurifdidlion nine cities of the third clafs, and is 360 miles NE of Canton. FowEY, a borough and feaport of Cornwall, with a market on Saturday. It is feated at the mouth of the Fowey, and has a ihare in the pilchard fiihery. 3 V. ''^•M^--^f^''t'dt^'i^^Li}'^-^A^'uL!i-.ik:Kw^Jli4jrS: FR A ft IS 32 miles SW of Launcefton, and 340 W by S of London. Lon. 435 W, lat. 50 19 N. FowEY, a river of Cornwall, which pafTcs by Leftwithiel, and enters the Engliih Channel at Fowey. Fox Islands, a group of iilands In the Northern 'Archipelago. They are 16 in number, and are f.tuate be- tween the £ coaft of Kamtfchatka and the W coaft of America, between 52 and 55° N lat. Each ifland has a pe- culiar name j but tliis general name is given to the whole group, on account of tlie great number of black, gray, and red foxes with which they -abound. The Ruffians call thefe iflands the Lyffie Oftrova. Fraga, a town of Spain, in Ar- ragon, with a caftle. It is ftrong by fjtuation, having the Cinca before it, whofe high banks are difficult of accefs, and at its back a hill, ./hich cannot eafiiy be approached by large cannon. Alphcnfo VII, king of Arragon, was killed by the Moors, in I134, at the liege of this town. It is 46 miles £ ©f Saragofla. Framlingham, a townofSuf- i.-lk, with a market on Saturday. It is feated near the head of a fmail rivulet, and has the remains of a caflle, to which the princtrfs Mary (afterward Mary I) retired, when lady Jane Grey was proclaimed queen. It is 30 miles E of Bury, and 87 NE of London. FRAMPTON,atown in Dorfetlhire, with a market on Thurfday, feated on the Frome, 12 miles NW of Wey- mouth, and 126 W by S of London. France, a country of Europe, bounded on the N by the Englifli Chan- nel and the Auftrian Netlicr'.ands ; on the E by Germany, and the Alps, which fepara':e it from SwifTerland, Savoy, and Piedmont; on the S by the Mediterra.iean, and Spain, from which ki.igd,;m it is divided by the Py- renees; and on theW by the Atlantic. It extends 625 miles from N to S, and fomething more from the moft eaftern point of Alface to the mcft weftern point of Brittany. The climate is temperate } the air pure and wholefome j and the foil produdlive of all the necefla- FRA r'esof life, and, among its luxuries, of the moft excellent wines. In 1 789, a wonderful revolution took place. The deranged ftate of the finances bad in. duced the king, after feme other in. eftedlual meafures, to orroke the ftates general, which had not been af. fembled (ince 1614. They confifted of three orders, the nobility, the clergy, and the third eftate, or commons. The laft were double the number of the other two orders united ; and when the r..tes afTembled, on the 5th of May, at VerfaiJies, a conteft arofs, whether the three orders Ihould make three diftindl houfes, or but one af. fembly. The third eftate infifted upon the latter, and, alTuming the title of the National Aflembly, declared, that they were competent to proceed to bufmefs, without the concurrence of the two other orders, if they refufed to join them. The nobility and clergy found it expedient to concede the point, and they all met in one hall. In the mean time, Paris was encircled by 50,000 men, with the apparent view of coercing that city, if necefTary. Notwithftanding this, on the removal of the popular minifter, M. Neckar, in July, £ dreadful infurreAion enfued, on the 14th of that month, in Paris; the military refufed to fire upon the people ; the Baftile was taken by the citizens j and tlie governor, and fome others, were beheaded, and their heads carried about on poles. On the 17th, the king vifited the Hotel de Villa in Paris, and furrendered himfelf to his people. The national aflembly now proceeded to the moft extraordinary mea- fures. They aboliHied nobility and the whole feudal fyftem; confifcated the pofleflions of the clergy ; rendered them dependent on a public allowance, like the lervants of the ftate ; and fup- pie.Ted all the relijjious houfes. The monarchy itfelf, diverted of its formi- dable prerogatives, became one of the moft limited in Europe. In Odlober, in confequence of a dreadful riot at Verfailles, the king, the royal family, and the national aifembly, removed to Pari?. The king was now, in faft, a ftate-prifoner, treated with the forma- tiution, he atte FR A litles appendant to royalty, but watch- ei i: all his motions. From this fi- tuation, he attempted to efcape, in June i;9ii ^'^■th the queen, his After, the dauphiri> and his daughter ; but they were arrefted at Varennes, and conducted baclc to Paris. Such, how. ever, was then the moderation of the popular party, that the national aHem- bly admitted the Icing's apologetical explanation of his conduct, and even declared his perfon inviobble. This was one of the articles of the new con- ftitution, which they completed foon after, and which was accepted by the king, in September, when a new na- tional aflembly was eledled. Harmony did not long prevail between this aiFem- biy and the king. Some of their de- crees he rcfufed to {an&ion } and many of their meafures could not fail (ogive umbrage to a once powerful monarch. In April 1792, the king, by the advice of his minifters, went lo the national aPembly, and propr-fed to them to declare war againft the king of Hungary and Bohemia. War was accordingly declared j but the unfor- tunate Lewis was fufpedked of adling in concert with the enemy, and with the emigrant piinces, who were in arms againft their country. In Auguft, the mayor of Paris appeared before the sjtionai aflembly, and demanded the depofition of the king. Before they (ould deliberate on this dexand, a dreadful infarredtion enfued 5 the Tu- lileries (the royal refidence) was attack- led; the Swifs guards were maifacred ; landtbe king and royal family took re- Ifuge in the national afTemby. That ■body inftantly decreed the fufpenHon of jtoyalty, and the convocation of a na- jtional convention. The king and his jfamily were conveyed to a houfe, cal- jled the Temple, and there kept in hhk confinement. The convention Imeton the 21ft of September, and in- Iflantly decreed the formition of a re- Ipublic. In December, they decreed, Ithat the king fhould be tried before llliem. The trial accordingly took blace; and this tribunal (notwitliftand- Irig the conftitutioii had declared his per- jfoa inviolable^ condemned the unfor- FRA tunate monarch, who was beheadedf in the Place de la Revolution, lately the Place de Louis XV, on die 2i(l, of January 1793. All Europe ejt- claimed againft the injuftice and cruelty of this proceeding. Powers, hitherto neutral, were eager to take part in the war} and the new republic, in addi- tion to the arms of Auftria, Pruflia, Sardinia, and the empire, had to en- counter the combination of Great Bri- tain, Spain, and the United Provinces. The 4ueen did not long furvive her coufost. Being tried aiid condemned by the revolutionary tribunal, fhc was executed in the fame place, on the 16th of Oftober ; and her fate was i prelude to that of the princefs Elifa-r beth, the king's fifter, and of the pro-; fligate duke of Oi leans, who were both guillotined foon after. See Pa r i s , Referring to profefled hiftories of the revolution, for a more minute narra- <. tion, it may fuffice to obferve herej ' that various fadlions fucceflivcly feizcd the helm of government, and, in their turn, were overthrown j the prl- fons were crowded in every part of the republic ; the fcaftblds ftreamed, al- moft inceiTantly, with blood j an the metropolis. France, Ible of, a late pro- 'Vmce of France, fo called, becaufe it was formerly bounded by the rivers Seine, Marne, Oife, Aifne, and Ourque. It now includes the four de- partments of Oife, Seine and Oife, ^« ine and Marne, and Paris. " France, Isle of, or Mauri- tius, an ifland in the Indian Ocean, 400 miles E of Madagafcar. It was difcovered by the Portuguefe j but the firft who fettled here were the Dutch, in 1598. Thty called it Mauritius, in honour of prince Maurice, their ftadtholder ; but, on their acquifition •f the Cape of Good Hc^e, they de- FR A ferted it; and it eontlnaed unfettlrf till the French landed here, in 1710 and gave it the name of one of tbe fineft provinces in France. Itiiijo miles in circumfereji«.c, and has a fine harbour. The climate is healrKy- but the foil not very fertile. There are many mountains, Ibme of which are fo high, that their tops are cover- ed with fnow ; they produce the beil ebony in the world. The vallies are well watered with rivers, and are made very productive by cultivation, of which indigo is the principal objeft, Lon, 57 a8 E, lat. 20 9 S. Francfort on the Maine, a free imperial city of Germany, in the circle of Franconia. Jn the townhoufe is the golden bull, the origin of the' fundamental laws of the empire. The eledlion and coronation of the empeior is always at Francfort. It is one of the moft commercial cities in Europe, and has two great fairs every year. It wa» tikeninOft. 1792, by the French, who were difpoirefTed of it by the Priif. fians in December following. Itjj feated on the Maine, which divides it in two, 1 5 miles NE of Menti, anij 3 50 W by N of Vienna, Lon. g 40 E> •«. 49 55 N. Francfort on the Odir, a flourifhing city of Germany, in the niddlc marche of Brandenburg, once 1 ^ ;rial. It is remarkable for three great fairs, and its univerlity, and it 45 miles S£ of Berlin. Lon, 14 3^ £, lat. 51 23 N, Fran CHE CoMTi,a late province of France, bounded on the N by Lor- rain, on the E by A I face and Swiflcr- land, on the W by Burgundy, and ua the S by Brcfle. It is 125 miles ia length, and 80 in breadth. It m conquered by France in 1674, and cedfed to it in 1678. It now forms the three departments of Doubs; Jura, and Upper Saone. Franchemont, a town of thd bifhopric of Liege, 12 miles S£ ol Licgc. [ Francois, Cape, a town in thd N part of the ifland of St. Doming^, belonging to the French, who oftM call it the Cape, by way of emiaeocel It hai fu/Tered commotions t Jrench revolui tat. 19 46 N. Fsanconij bounded on the per Saxony, on lii, on the S b on the W by th Fkaneic'er, United Province ci'He an>l univc of Lewdrden. Fkavkenda »y, ill the paiatiu wii taken by the ny the Swedes in frencli in 1688, lies in Oilober near the Rhine, Worms. fRAXJCINSTE mJDy, in the p.ilai 12 miles NWof 1 fRANJCLiN^ a m'-i, 30 miles If 1 1 1790, It contair t«its. Chambei/b, Fhacxn-keld,! '»'|J. capital of th f'afedo/iaiienjinent ■''lere, unce ,7^^ -^ivifs ca-.tons hold ^'"- 8 56 E. lat Fraustadt, . Kmaikdble f(,r a ba Swedes over the Sax |ii2omiies NWof ( ^«AZ£RSBUaGH toijjire, buiJc by «rofPhilarth, in m the promontory, ^"^, on whicli is i« a toierable ha» "'esN of Aberdeen faepiNauRc, mh 50 mtks w fRtoxRiCA, a to '. m GeorgJaj fitua .' ^""oii at the. m. ■" "^a* i^a. 80 20 ■'"^DERICfBURC Jf the king of K of Zealand, 15 tnhagaij, *' .m infettH n i7to, t of the It it I JO us a fine healrHy j , There of which ire COTtr- the Mt vallies are i are made i,ofwhicli :£t. Loo. VlAiMtt a my, in the townhoufe, tigin of the npire. The the emperor (t is one of s in Europe, :ry year. It y the French, by the Pmf. wing. It is lich divides it Mentc, anil Lon. 8 40 IS Oder, a! nany, in the Tienburg, once Lble tot three [erfity, and il I Lon. 1439 I late province I the N by Ux- and Swiffer-I lundy, and on I Ti»5 miles in I adth. It*>J| 16741 »"''l I now forms the] jbs, Jura, and town of the miles SE 0^ a town in 1st. Domini ch, who oftci of emiii«B"i FRE It has fufTered much by the dreadfat commotions chat enfued sifter the french revolution. Lon. 71 18 W| iac 19 46 N. FsANCONiA, a circle of Germany, bounded on the N by the circle of Up. per Saxony, on the E by that of Bava- lii, on the S by that of Suabia, ani on the W by the circles of the Rhine. Franeker, a ftrong town of the United Provinces in Friefland, with a ciiHe an'l univerfity, (even miles W of Lewarden. FxANJcrNDAL, a town of Gcrma- cy, ill the palatinate of the Rhine. It wji taken by the Spaniards in 1623, iiy the Swedes in 1634, burnt by the french in 1688, and taken by the al- lies in Odobcr 1794. It is fcated near the Rhine, fcven niiles S of Worms. Frankenstein, a town of Ger- many, in the palatinare of the Rhine, n miles N W of Landau. Franklin, a county of Pennfyl- vinia, 30 nvlcs long and 24 broad. Il 1790, it contained 15.655 i habi- tants. Chambci /burgh is the capital. Fr A u It N f E L D , a town of S wifler- M, cipilal of the Thorgau. It is f:atedoii aii eniinence, anu is the place, •.vhcre, udcc 1711, the deputies of the Swifs ca-.toiis hold their general diet. Lm. 8 56 E. Ut. 47 35 N. Fraustadt, a town of Silefia, I remarkable f z 20 W, Ut. 48 41 N. Freisengen, a town of Germa* ny, capital of a biAopric of che fame name, in the circle of Bavaria. It it feated on a mountain, near the Ifer, ao miles N by £ of Munich. Lon* 11 foE, lat. 48Z6N. FRzjvr, a towa of France, io the K FRI ' ifpattment of Var. By the Romans, it W39^called Forum Julii. It had then a port on th*: Meditmanean, which is now a mile and a half from it. Some fine remains of antiquity are ftill vifi- ble here. It is feated in a morafs, 40 miles NE of Toulon. Frzscati, a delightful village of Italy, on the declivity of a hill, la njiles from Rome. li derives its name from the coolnefs ' the air, and freih verdure of the fields^ It is an eplfcopal fee, whofe bifhop is the car- EN9BERG, a r6yat palace oJ Denmark, four miles from Frederic ft>urg, and at a (tnall diftancii from th lake of Efitrom. It was bulk by Fn itt'iQ IV; and called Friedeniberg) The Manfion was fini/hed in x war, peace was c It k the refident ger Juliana Mar Friendly ] the S Pacific Oc( tain Cook, in 17 friend/hip that a fliong the inhabit teous behaviour nian firft toucliet gave the names < Rotterdam, and 1 oftheprincipalifl; explored the wu he found to conH iflands, the print Tongataboo, or An orMiddleburg J A terdamj Hapaee, 1 firft, which is the 46 W lon. and 21 all Inhabited by a r cultivate the earth v «nd nature, afilfted pears no \ ■' jre in /Agriculture, architci ing, and fi/hingj, ar of the men: to the the manufafture of Fries^ch, a toy ftopric of SaltEbur caftle, built on a mi SEofSalteburg. f«IE»I.AND, on > rovinces, bounded German Ocean, on Zuider Zee, on the OveryfleJ, which ai( gsn, bounds it on the [tlie capital. F«iestAND, Ea! •f Vvi-'ftpiialia, fo cal «'on with rcfi)c^ to [vinccofFrie/land. 1 ^ ^ by the Germai h Oldenburg, on '"> and on the W b' "'- Gt-rman Ocean j f^S 45 miles, anc '• ihccoiititiy bc'ifi ol-liged to be (ccurer '"'"'" ''.vexpen.ive d| 'mile J andthcpaf n>aUrge two pair church ii 12 high. g of all ii ligh above y of the It is al. y were jj 1 feated oa V of Bern. cantons ot all fides by tile in corn, of Bavariii Swedes, in I of Munich.] of Germany, I le river Un- pficlc. of Germany,! or its roins}, -place of thel axony. It ill :a, 15 miles SI SuaWa, ontht] • Conftanct. of Bohemiai iwn of Suabiil roya' pa'at' « 'rom Fredeticj ftlinc't from tl built by Fi riedenlberg) FRI The Manfion of Peace, becaufe It was finiflied in 1710, when, after a long war, peace was concluded w»;'.h SweoCR. Jt is the refidence of the queen-dowa- ger Juliana Maria. FiixNDLY Islands, iflands in the S Pacific Ocean, fo named by cap- tain Cook, in 1773, on account of the friendfljip that appeared to fubfift a- mong the inhabitants, and their cour« teous behavioui- to ftrangers. Taf- man firft touclied here in 1643, and gave the names of New Amfterdam, Rotterdam, and Middleburg, to three of the principal ifl mds. Captain Cook explored the wnole duller, which he found to confift of more than »o irtands, the principal of which ar! Tongataboo, or Amfterdam } Eaoowj, or Middleburg J Annamooka, or?-at- terdam} Hapaee, and Lefooga. The firft, which is the largeft, lies in 174 46 W Ion. and 11 9 S lat. They are all inhabited by a race of people, who cultivate the earth with great induftry j ind nature, aflifted by a little art, ap- pears no \ ' ^re in greater fplendour. Agriculture, architefture, boat- bu. Id- ing, and fi/hing* are the eniployments of the men: to the women is confined the manufafture of cloth. Friesach, a town of the archbi- Aopric of Saltiburg, with a ftrong Itaftle, built on a mountain, 56 nniles SEofSalteburg. ' FaiEstAND, one of the United I Provinces, bounded on the N by the German Ocean, on the W by vhe Zuider Zee, on the S by the Time and jOveryflel, which alfo, with Gronin- Igen, bounds it on the £. Lewurdcn is |the capital. FaiESLAND, East, a principality tifWeftphalia, fa called from its fita- Ition with rcfpeft to the Dutch pro- pincc of Frieflind. It is bounded on N by the German Ocean, on the by Oldenburg, on the S by Man- lier, and on the W by Groningeu and ih: Gorman Ocean } extending from VtoS 45 miles, and from E to W ii. The country bi.'ing level and low, 1 obliged to be fccured againft inunJa- Nrtns by expenave dikes. The land 1 fertile j and the paftures feed horn' FRO sd cattle, horfes, and iheep, of an ex- traordinary fizc. 0.1 the death of prince Charles Edward in 1744, tb* fucceflion to this principali<^^ vvas dif^ puted b:f.rcm ±Z king of Great feri'- tain, elector of Hanover, and the kin^ of Pruflta, elector of Brar'^enbuvg j and, on an appeal by the former, in 1752, to the diet of Ratifbon, it. was determined, that the claims of the two princes fhouid be referred to the Jcci- fion of the emperor and the aulic council at Vienna; but his PruiTia^ majefty declaring that he wonid main- tain poflfeilion by force of arms, it was not thought advifable to embroil Great Britain with that monarch, and the claim of the elcdlor of Hanover was no longer inflfted on. Embden is the ca- pital. Frtisl AND, West, anotfi'ername for that part of Holland, called N Hol- land. The ftates of Holland hence take the title of the llatcs of Holland and WFriefland. . ..^ Frinwalt, a town of the margra- vate of Brandenburg, feated on the Oder, 30 miles NE of Berlin. Fttio, Cape, a promontory of Bra- fil, in the province of Rio Janeiro* Lon. 41 31 W, lat. 22 54 S. FaiicHAH, a bay of the Baltic, .at the mouth of the Viltula. Fritzlar, a town in the land* gravate of Hcffe-CalTel, to mtlcs SW ofCaflel. Friuli, a province of Italy, bound- ed on the N by Carinthia, on the 5 by the gulf of Venice, on the E by Carniola and the gulf of Trieft, and on the W by Trevifano and the Bclluftefe. It is fertile in wine and fruits, anct fubjeft partly to the Venetians, an<^ partly to Auftria. Udina is the capital. Fkobisher^s Strajts, to the M' of Cape Farewell and W Greenland, difcovered by fir Martin Frobilhcr. Lon. 41 o W, lat. 63 o N. Frodingham, a town of the B riding of Yorkfhire, with a ma ket oa Thurfday, 36 miles E of York, and 194 N of Lndon. Frodsham, a town of Che (hire, with a ma kct on Wednefday, feated near the Merl'ey, by Frodlbaoi HiiU» ¥i z rtri th« higheft in the county. Here is a eaftle, j i mi!es NE of Chefter, and j8»NNW of London. Yrumk, a river of Dorfetfiilre, whkh waters Ltoichcfter and Wareham> and enters the harbour of Poole. Fromx, a river of Suxnerfetihire, which flows by the town of Frame, and unites with the Avon at Briilol. Frome, a town of Somerfetfliire, with a market on Wednefday. It is feated on the river Frome> and is well inhabited by clothiers. It is jz miles S of Bath, and 104 W by S of London. FronsaC) a town of France, in the department of Gironde, feated on the Dordogne, %z miles N£ of Bour- deaux* Fronteira, a town of Portugal, !n Alentejo, 1 7 miles NE of Eftremos. Frodticniac, a town of France, in the department of Herault, remark- able for its excellent Mufcadine wines. It is feated on lake Maguleone, 14 miles SW of Montpellier. Fox 60, one of the Cape de Verd I (lands, in the Atlantic. It feems to be a fingfe mountain at fea, but on the tides are deep voHies. It is a volcano, which mav be feen a great way off at fea. The inhabitants are chiefly blacks, of the Romi ih religion. It is 30» miles W of Cape de Vetd. Lon. 24 30 W, lat. 14 54 N. FuEN-Hou-rou, a city of China, in the province of Pe-tcheli, celebrated for its extent and the number of its in- habitants, as well as for the beauty of its ftreets and triumphal arches. It has under its jurisdidion two cities of the fecond rank, eight of the third, and many fortrefles, which bar the en- trance of China againft the Tartars. It is feated near the great wail, amid mountnins. FuEK-TCMEOu-fou, a Commer- cial city of China, in the province of Chang- fi. Its baths and fprings, a!- inoft as hot as boiling water, attraft a great number of Grangers. Its diftrid contains one city of the fecond, and fevcn of the third clafs. It Is feated on the river Fuen-ho, 250 miles SW of Pekin. FuEKT« DtfECNAi a town of FUN Spain, in New Caftile, on the Taj«, 35 miles SE of Madrid. FuBsxN, a town of Saibia, be- longing to the bifliop of Augfbufgj with an ancient caftle, feated on the Lech, 50 miles S by E of Augfburg. FuiDXNTALL, a town of Silefia, in the duchy of Troppaw, taken by the king of PruAia in 1741 and 1744, FuLA, or Thule, a fmall ifldnd, W of Mainland, the principal of the Shetland Iflands. It is thought by fome to be the fame, which the an- cients reckoned the ultimate limit of the habitable globe, and to which, there- fore, they gave the appellation of Ul. tima Thulf . It is doubtful, however, whether this be really the ifland focal. led J becaufe, had tlie ancients reachtd it, they muft have feen land ftill far- ther to the NE i Mainland, Veil, and Unft, being all farther north. FuLDE, a town of Germany, la the circle of the Upper Rhine, with a celebrated abbey, whofe abbot is pri- mate ,of the abbies of the empire, an4 fove reign of a territory between Heffe, Franconia, and Thuringia. Itijfejt. ed on the river Fulde, 55 miles S of CalTel. Lon. 9 43 £, lat. 50 40 N, FuLHAM, a village of Middlefcr, four miles W of London, feated on the Thames, over which is a wooden bridge. Here the bilhops of London have a palace. FutLAN, a country of Africa, ta the W of Caflitia. All the information of this country, hitherto obtained, ij, that the drefs of the natives refemblej the pla'ds of the Scotch highlanders. FuNCHAt, the capital of Madeira,] fituate round a bay, on the gentle af- cent of the firft hills, in form of an j amphitheatre. The Ihectj are nar- row, ill-paved, and dirty. The hou- fes are built of freeftone, or of brick 5 1 but they are dark, and only a few of | the beft are provided with glafs win- dows. Lon. 17 6 W, lat. 32 38 N. FuNDT, a bay of N America, be- tween New England and Nova Scotia, [ remarkable for its tides, which rife to the height of 50 or <;o feet, and flow fo rapidly, as to ovei take animals whicll| feed upon the (horc. mark, ie ^rated J?YZ Fun IN, a fertile ifland In Den- mark, le. ^rated from Jutland by a iirait, nine miles broad, called the Lit- tle Beit, and from Zealand by the Great Belt. Odenfee is the capital* FuRKES, a town of Auftrian Flan- ders, feated near the German Ocean, on the canal from Bruges to Dunkirk, It was one of the barrier towns j but, in 1781, the emperor Jofeph II expelled the Dutch garrifon. It was taken by ihe French, 0£t. az, 1793, and is 12 iniles £ of Dunkirk. FuRRucKABAD, a diftrift c^ Hjn- dooftan Proper, contiguous to the Gan- ges, and furrounded by Oude. It is little more than 30 miles in extent, and belongs to a chief of the Patan Ro- hilla tribe. Its capital is of the fame name. Lon. 79 30 W, lat. 47 z8 N. FvRSTENBUKG, the Capital of a o GAL dooftan Proper, in the territory of Oude, of which it was once the capital. Here are thi: remains of the vaft palace of the late nabob Sujah ul Dowlah. It is feated on the Gogra, 80 miles £ of Lucknow, and 500 NW of Calcutta. Lon. %% 30 £, lat. 29 34 N. of Africa, t» the information to obtained, is, Xives refemblej 1 highlanders. ital of Madeira, the gentle af- in form of an rtrects are nar- ty. The hou- ne, or of brick} d only a few of with glafs win* lat. 3133N' *4 America, be- nd Nova Scotia, which rife to feet, and flow : animals wW'l* QABARET, a town of France, in the department of Gers, feated on the Geli^e, zo miles W of Condom. Gab I AN, a village of Fr»nce, in' the department of Herault, famous fot its mineral waters. Gab IN, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Rava, 50 miles N W of Warfaw. G Ai ETA, an ancient town of Na- piincipality of Suabia, with a caftle of pies, in Terra di Lavoro, with a fort» the fame name, feated on a mountain, a citadel, a harbour, and a biihop's fee. near the Danube, which rifes in this It was taken by the Auftrians in I7C7» principality. and by the Spaniards in 1734. It it FvRSTENrxLD, a town of Lower feated at the foot of a mountain} near Stiria, with a ca.'^le, on the river Aufl- the kif 30 miles NW of Capua. nitzj 5om*le8 S of Vienna. Gaillac, a town of France, in FuR6T£NWALD, a town in the the department of Tarn, remarkable middle marche of Brandenburg, feated for its wines. It is feated on the Tarn* lomilesSWof Alby. Gail LON, a town of France, in the department of Eure, remarkable for the magnificent palace, lately be- on the Spree, to miles W of Francfort an the Oder. It was taken by the Swedes in 16} I. FuTTYPotiR SicRi, a confiderable town of Hindooftan Proper, in the pro- vince of Agra, feated under a range «f hills, on the fummit of the higheft of which is a mofque, built by the em- peror Acbar ; and, at the foot of this hill, are the ruins of an imperial pa- lace, k is 42 miles W of Agra. Lon. 77 45 E, lat. 27 o N. FvtRs, a river of Invemcfsfliire, I which flows towaid Loch Nefs. Over it it built a ftupendous bridge, on two oppoftte rocks ; the top of the arch Wng 100 feet from the level of the water. A little below the bridge is I the celebrated Fall of Fyers. FvNR, Loch, an inlet of the At- |l«ntic, in Argylefhire, near 40 n)ilR8 in Itngth. It rtceiveB and icturni a tide «n each fide of the ifle of Arran, which jisdircflly oppofite ils entrance. fv/ABAD, a populous city of Hin- longing to the archbifliop of Rouen. It is five miles from Andely, and %% from Rouen. Gainsboxovoh, a town of Lin- colnfliire, with a market ou Tuefday, feated on the Trent, over which is ft ftone bridge. It is a place of export and import for the N part of the county, and is 17 miles NW of Linculni and 151 N by W of London. Lon. o 36 W, lat. 53 28 N. Gaikloch, a large bay on the W coaft of Rofslhire, which gives name to a tnd of land near it. The Alh- ing of cod, and other white ii(h, is heic very cunfiderable. O A L A c z , a town of Bulgaria, feat- ed near tht Danube, bejtween the mouths of the Pruth and Seret. GalaihielI, avillageofSelkirk- ihiri:, near the confluence of the Gala K3 GAL GA •id Tweed. Here is a floBri/hing are rroftly catholics. The abbey, ?n nunufaflory of woolien cloth^ called which he refides, is clofe to the town. Galafliie s-gray. It is 25 miles S by and in the midft of its territory; n I of Edinburgh. the latter is alfo entirely furrounded by Galaso, a river of Naples in the pofleflions of the prince. The Otranto, which falls into the gulf of town owes its Aouridiing Aate to jti Taranto. manufa^orics of linen, muflin, and Gaiata, the principal fuburb of embroidery. To the library belong, fconftantinople, feated oppofite the trig to the abbey, which contains feveral feraligo, on the ( ther fide of the har- JWSS of the claifics, we are indebted hour. Jt is inhabited by Chriftians for Petron'us Aibiflfr, Silius Itallcus, and Jews, who cxercife their religion Valeiius Flaccus, and Quintilian, co. publicly; and here wine is fold in pies of which were found here in 1413, taverns, which is not allowed in the St. Gall is feated between two moun. city itfelf. GALFALtY, a town of Ireland, i« Tipperary, 23 miles SE of Limerick. GaLicia, a large country in theS of Poland, forcibly feized by the Auf- Irlans in 1772. It confiftsof that part of liittie Poland which is on the S fide of the Viftiila, almoft the whole of J^ed Rufilia, and a flip of Podolia j and it 19 incorporated into fhe Auftrian do- «iink>ns, under the appellation of the kingdom of Galicia an«] Lodomeria ; which kingdoms, as the court of Vienna alleged, fooie ancient diplomas repre- fent as fituate in Poland, and fubjeft to the kings of Hungary ; but their tains, and on two fmall fireami, 37 miles N£ of Zuric. Lon. 9 20 £, lat. 47 26 N. Galla, a fort of Ceylon, belong. ing to the Dutch, who drove the Por- tuguefe thence in 1640. Some call it Punta de Gallo. Lon. 80 30 E, lat. 630N. Gallipago Islands, a number of uninhabited iflande, in the Pacific Ocean, difcovered by the Spaniard), to whom they are fubjeft. They lie under the equat?>r, the centre iil^jd nearly in Ion. 90 o W, GAtLiPOLi, a feaport of Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, with a biflicp's mod convincing argument was an army ii:e) and a fort, feated en a rock, fur. of 2pc,ocd men., Lemburg, or Leo- pold, IS i.ie capital of the whole coun- try,' which extends 380 miles from E to W, its greateft breadth being 190. Galicia, a province of Spain, bounded on the N and W by the At- lantic, on the S by Portugal, and on the E by the Anurias and Leon. St. Jago de Compollella is the capita. Galicia. See Guadalajara. Galistio, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura,' 10 miles NW of Pla- ce ntia. Gall, St. or St. Gallin, a rounded by the fea, and joined to the main land by a bridge. It is 23 milci W of Otranto. Lon. 1 8 5 E, lat. 40 ao N. , Gallipoli, a feaport of Turkey in Europe, in Romania, with a bi* /hop's fc.f feated on a ftraitofthefame name, ico miles SW of Conftantino- ple. L:r. 26 59 E, lat. 40 26 N, Gallipoli.. a ftrait between Eu. ropean and Afiatic Turkey. It form! the communication between the Arch!- pe!.igo and the fea of Marmora, and ii defended at the SW entrance by the Dardanelles. .!:'!s here two miles over, town of SwifTcrland, in Thuigau, with a rich abbey, whofe abbot, a prince of and is 33 miles long. It was ancient. the empire, formerly poflefled the fo- ly called the Heilefpont. See Dah* vereignty of the town j but the inha- danelles. oitants Ihook off his authority, a: J Gallo, an ifland of the Pacific bccarre independent. The town is Ocean, near the coaft of Peru 5 the entirely proteftant, and its government firft place pofTefTed by the Spaniards, arifto-dcmocrarcal. The fubjefts of whrn they attempted the conqueft of fe tertiiory is diftinCt) Pau. L«n. 80 o W| lat. a 30 N* CAN CALtowAV, NxW) a borough of Kirkcudbrightshire, fituaCe on the K.en, 14 miles N of Kirkcudbiight. G/iihowAYy Urrx'A, or Wiit. S«eWlGTOWSHI*»». GalwaY) »ennnty of Ireland) in the province p{ Gonnaugbt, 82 miles in length,' '^nd 4a in breadth; bound- ed on the N by the Atlantic, and the counties of Mayo and Rofcommon} on the£ by Rorcommon, Weft Meath, and King's Couiity } on the SW by Tip- perary 5 on the S by Galway Bay and Clare} and on the W by the Atlantic. I( contains 136 pariihes, and fends eight members to parliament. Calway, a feaport of Ireland, ca- piui of the county of Oalway. Its harbour is defended by a fort, and it hat a good foreign trade, being feated on a bay of the Atlantic, of the fanne name, 40 miles WSW of Athlone, and 100 W of Dublin. Lon. 9 o W, lat. 53 18 N. GAMSMf a river of Africa, \^.> ^■ falls into the Atlantic, between Cape Verdo» the N, and C^e St. Mary on the S. It overflows the country an« noally, like the Nile, is fuppofed to be a branch of the Niger, and is naviga* ble for /hips of 150 tons i>urdeii) 500 miles from its mouth* Ganjisrshxim, a town of the duchy of Brunfwick Wolfenbuttie, with a celebrated nunnery, 37 miles SWofGoflar. Gambia, a feaport of Spain, in Valencia, with a univer/ity, 55 miles Nof Alicant. Lon. o 20 £, lat. 39 6N. Gandicottaj a town of the pc- ninfula of Hlndooftan, in the domi- nions of Tippoo Sultan, remarkable for : '-^ng fortrefs, and a diamond mine near it. It is feated on the river Pen- nar, between Gooty and Cuddapa. Gangka, orGANjA, a town of Perfia, in the province of Erivan, 105 milesSby E ofTefflis, Lon, 45 50 E, lat. 41 10 ^T, Ganges, a celebrated river of Afia, which has its fource in two fprings, on the W fide cf Mount Kentalffe, in Thibet, in about 810 E lon. and 350 I^.lat, After a circuitous courfc of GAR 800 miles, the Ganges (fo called, h^ way of eminence, from the Hindoo viotd gatigaj which (ignifies the rk«r') enters Hindooftan at Hurdwar, in lat. 30° N, gulhing through an open« ing in the jnountains, and flowing with a fmooth navigable ftream through delightful plains^ during the remainder of its courfe to the bay of Bengal, which it enters by feveral mouths. In the annual-inundation of this immenfe river* t> « country is overflowed to the extent oi .lore than loO miles in width. A» it is, on this account, one of the moft beneficial rivers in the world, fertili- 2ing the whole country, beftde giving bread to the thoufands that navigate its ftream, it is no wonder, that the Hin- doos regard it as a kind of deity, that they hold its waters in high veneratiun* and that it is vifited annually by a pro- digious number of pilgrims from ail parts of Hindooftan. Can J AM, a town of the penrnfula of fiindooftan, in one of the Northern Circars, fubjed to the £ng1ifh« It lies on the bay of Bengal, between a river and the SW end of Chilka Lake. Lon. 85 20 £, lat. 19 22 N. Gannat, a town of France, in the department of Allier, 30 miles S of Moulins. Gat, an ancient town of France^ in the department of the Upper Alps, lately a bifhop's fee. It was taken, in 1692, by the duke of Savoy, who burnt a great part of it. It is feated on the river Bene, at the foot of a mountain, in which fome mineral waters are fojind, that are deemed fe-' brifuge. It is 27 miles N of Sifteron. Gaxatic, an ifland of Afia, in the gulf of Perfia, remarkable for the fine pearls fifhed up on its coaft. Lon, 48 o £, lat. 28 1 5 N. Gard, a department of France, part of the late province of Languedoc. Nifmes is the epifcopal town. Gard, Pont du, a Roman aque> dud, in France, nine miles NE of Nifmes, erefled, it is fuppofed, by Agrippa, in the time of Auguftus. It is 160 feet in height, and confifts of three bridges riling above each other, and uniting two craggy mountuins. K4 GAS The higheftof thefe bridges has £x arches, of great blocks of ftone, with- out cement: the centre bridge has eleven ; and the loweft (under which flows the Garden) an inconfiderable but rapid river) has 36. Lewis XIV, when he repaired, in i6;9, the da- mages which this ftupendous work had fulhined by time, caufea a real bridge, over which travellers now pafs, to be conilru^ted by thp fide of the lower range of arches. This aqueduct was buiJt, in order to convey to Nifmes the water of the fpring of £ure, which rifes near Uzes. Gas DA, a town of Italy, in the Veronefe, feated on a lake of the fame name, 17 miles NW of Verona. Gardzleb£n, a town of Ger- many, in the old marche of Branden- burg. It has a trade in hops and ex- cellent beer ) and is r*ated on the river Beife, 32 miles N by W of Ivlagde- burg, Ga r on n jb, a river of France, which rlfes in the Pyrenees, and waters Tou- loufe and Bourdeaux, below which it is joined by the Dordogne, and thence to its entrance into the bay of Bifcay, it called the Gironde. SeeCANAZ., Royal. Ga R ON N E , Up p E R , a department of France, containing part of the late pro- vince of Languedoc* Touloufe is the capital. . GarrisoN} a town of Ireland, in the county of Fermanagh, 10 miles S£ pf Ballyfhannon. . Gakstang, a town of Lancafliire, with a market on Thi|(Cday. It is ieated on the river Wyre, 10 miles S of Lancafter, and ai5 NNW of Lon- don. Gartz, a town of Prufltan Po- merania. Lon. 14 iS£, iat. 53 23 N. Gasconv, a lateprovinceof France, bounded on the W by the bay of Bif- cay, on the N by Guienne, on the £ by Languedoc, and on the S by the Pyrenees. The chara^er of the in- habitants has been long that of a lively people, famous for boafting of their valour, which has occafioned the name of Gafconade to be given to all brag- ging ^jrles. This province, with Ar- G AZ magnac, now forms the department «/ Gers. Gatekovse, a rifing village of Kirkcudbrightfliire, at the mouth of the river Fleet, built within 30 yeart. Here is a cotton-mill ; and floops come up the river, within a fhort diftance of the town. It is nine miles NW of Kirkcudbright. Gat TON, once a large, but now decayed borough of Surry, with neither market nor fair, 19 miles S by Wof London. GAVARDo,"a town of Italy,inBref. ciano, (eated on the river Weife, fcveo miles W of lake Garda. Gavdsns, St, a populous town of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, feated on the Garonne, eight miles N£ of St. Bertrand. Gaveren, orWAVEREN, atown of Auftrian Flanders, on the Scheld, eight miles S of Ghent. Gavi, atown of Italy, intheter* ritory of Genoa, feated on the Lemo, 19 miles NW of Genoa. Gauts, The, or Indian Ap« PEN NINES, a ftupendous wall of mountains, In Hindooftan, extend* ing from Cape Comorin, to the Tap. ty, or Surat River^ at unequal diftan. ces from the coaft j feldom more than 70 miles, and commonly about 40 : and, within one fhort fpace only, it approaches within fix miles. They rife abruptly from the low country^ called the Concan, or Cockum, fup- porting, in the nature of a terrace, a vad extent of fertile and populous plainS| which are fo elevated, as to reriderthe air cool and pleafant. When it approaches the Tapty, it bends eaftward, and is loil^ among the hills, in the neighbourhood of Burhanpour. In its courfe along the Tapty, it forms ieveral pafles, or defcents (that is Gaudy according to the original import of the word, which means a landing-place) toward that river. Gaza, an ancient town of Palef. tine, three miles from the Mediter- ranean, with a harbour called New Gaza. It is at prcfent very fmiHt but we may judge by the ruins that it was formerly a confiderabk place. GEM GEN rtmtntef riliage of mouth of 30 yean. oops come rt diftance iM NW of , but now rith ncilhtr Sby Wof ily, in Bief- /eife, fcven utous town ;nt of Upper ronne, eight REM, a town the ScheU) , Intheter* 1 At Umo, HDIAM A?. lus wall of Ian, extend- to the Tap. lequal diftan* |m more than about 4c: [pace only, it miles. They low countryi lockum, fup- a terrace, a Ipulous plainS| render the air it approaches ird, and is loft i;ighbourhood coutfe along ;ral paffes, or according to word, which toward lH»t iwn of Palef- Ithe Medittr- called New very fnuHt ruins that it lerablc pl^cs* the Maine. Lon. 9 5$ £> lat* 49 55 N. Gemvnd, an imperial town of Suabia, which has a manufadlory of chaplets or beads, fent to diftanC countries. It is feated on the Reims^ 30 miles N by W of Ulm. Gemuno, a town of Germany, In the duchy of Juiiers, feated on the Roer, 24 miles SW of Cologne. Gem V YD, a town of Upper Auf- ttia, coniiderable for its falt-works. It is feated on the Draun, to the N of a lake of the- fame name. - GsNAFj- 3' town of Aiiftrian Bra*- ;bant, with an ancient caftle, feated on the Dyle, 15 tniics SE of Bruflelsh Genxp, or GxNNEP, a ftrong town of Weftphalia} fubjedl >to the king of Prufllia, and feated on the Neers, five miles SW of Cleves. Geneva, an ancient town, capital 11 . miles SE of Straf- - of a republic of the fame name, near - the confines of FraDce and SwifTerlandk' The Rhone, w'.iich ifTuea from the lake of Geneva, in two channels - which foon after unite, divides the city into two unequal parts. Geneva* wliich'Jies partly in the plain on the ' borders of the lake, and partly on a ' gentle^afcant, Is irregularly built. It ' is more populous than any of the towns of SwiHerland, containing 2^,000 fouls. The alliance which it contra£l« ed with Bern and FvihuTgh, Jn 152^6^ - was the true era of its liberty- and m« dependence ; for,- not long after, the dukes of Savoy were deprived of their ' authority over this city ; the bifhop w« expelled ^ republic eftubliflied } and the rcfvrmation introduced. In "584, Geneva concluded a perpetual alliance with Zuric and Bern, by in 1678 and which it is allied with the Swifs cani t.ms. During the greater part of the laft century, to 1:94, the hiftory of Geneva contains little more than a narrative^of contefts between the arif- tocracic and the popular parties. It may fuffice to obfervc here, that the There is a caftle near it, where a ba- ftawrefides. It is 50 miles SW of j.,ufalem. Lon. 34 45 E, lat. 31 j8N. GiARON, or Jaxon, a fmall town cfPirlia, in Farfiftan, in whofe ter- ii:ory the bcft dates of Perfia are pro- duced. Lon. 51 17 E, lit. 28 15 N. GiFLE, the capital of the province ofGeftrike,in Sweden, feated on three branches of a river of the fame name, which falls into a bay of the Baltic. It is the moft commercial town in this northern part of Sweden ; and itsex- poiu are principally iron, pitch, tar, and planks. It i» 55 miles N by W of Stockholm. Lon. 17 o E, lau 63 OtGXNBACK, a free imperial city of Suabia, and under the proteAion of the houfe of Auftria. It-is feated on the ICinzia, GiiLLDORF, a town of Suabia, nnr the Kochsr, with a caftle belong- ing to the lords of Limpurg. GsisLENG£K, an imperial town of Sualjia, 1 7 miles NW of Uim. Gelhausek, a fmall imperial townof Weteravia, under the pcoteflion of the ele^or palatine, with a caille, feated on the Kintzig, 23 miles E of Hrtnaj. Oemappe, a village of Auftrijm [Huinault, three miles from Mons, fa- mous for the viftory which the French (obtained here over the Auftrians, I Nov. 5, 1791.. Gemblours,: a town of Audrian iBrabant, vvth an ancient abbey. [Don Jolin of Auftria gained a battle Ihere over the Dutch, in 1578. It Iwis tsvice bur.r.t down, JJ7125 and is feated on the rivei |Ofneau, az miles SE of Biuflfels. Geminiani, St, atownofTuf- |taiy, in the Florcntinn, feated on a K'Untain, in which is a mine of Vitriol. Oemmingen, a town of Oerma- fh in the palatinate of the Rhine, 30 miles E of Phllipfburg. years 1768, 17^2, 1789, and 1794, were dilHnguiihed by great revolutions. The laft was effefted entirely by- tlie Gemund, a town of Germany, in influence of the French j and, < per- biihopric of Wurt«l»urg, fcaUd on haps, at the era of a general paciA- «- 5 GEN fadon» the conftitution may be new inodelled. Playing at cards, or drink- ing at publjc-houfes, it not permit- ted ; but they exercife their militia, play at bowls, and hare other diver- fions on Sunday J where, however, the duties of the day, during the hours appropriated to divine fervice, are obferved with the moft rerpedl- lul decorum. The citizens, of both ftxes, are remarkably weJI inftruAed j and it is not uncommon to find me- chanics, in the intervals of their la- bour, amufing themfe!ve« with the works of Newton, Locke, Montef- quieu, &c. Geneva is 40 miles NE of Chamberry. Lon. 6 5 E, lat. 46 as N. GxNXVA, Lakb or, in Swifl*er- iiiQd, extending from the city of Ge- neva to Villencuve, 54 miles in length ; its breadth, in its wideft part being iz. It is in the (hape of acref- . quantities of grapes. From rhcic is annually made as much wine as is neceflTaiy for their yearly confumption; the remainder are left to rot on the vines. Cotton grws fpontaneoufly, as well as the fineft European fruit trees. Rice, wheat, millet, hemp, and flax, are raifcd on the plains, almoft without culture. The vallies affoid the fineft pafturagej the rivers are full of fifh} ' the mountains abound m minerals; and the climate is delicious ^ fo that ' nature appears to have lavilhed on thi.i favoured country every prod uftion that can contribute to the happinefs of it* inhabitants. On the othe^ hand, it'' labours under great di fad vantages from the want of navigable rivers,- the jn-" curfions of predatory nations, &c»' The inhabitants are Chrirtians of th?, ' Greek communion, and appear to havft'. received iheir prefent name from their attachment to St. George, the tutelary faint of thefe countries, Tcfflis is ' the capital. See Imsritia. * Geohgia, the molt Ibuthei-n of the United States of N America,/ bounded on the E by the Atlantic, on ;he S by E and W Florida, on the V/"* by the Mifliflippi, ani^ on the N^ by N and S Carolina, being divided from the latter by the river Savannah* ; It is 600 miles) long and 2c;6 broad ; lying between 80 and 91° W lon. and, 31 and 35° N lat. It is divided into^ 1 1 counties, nanicly, Chatham, Effing- ' ham, Burke, Richmbnd, Wilkes, Li* berty, Glynn, Camden, Wafljington, Greene, and Fiaoklin. The caoUitl K6 ••♦K^A't lit ft 'f GER GER It. Augufta. The winters In Georgia are very mild and pleafant. Snow is Seldom or never feen. The foil and its fertility are variouS) according to fituation. By culture are produced rice, indigo, cotton, filk, India corn, potatoes, oranges, figs, pomegranates, &c. Rice, at prefent, is the ftaple commodity) but great attention be- gins t be paid to the railing of tobac- co. The whole coaft of Georgia is bordered with iflands. Georgia, Southern, an ifland of the S Pacific Ocean, difcovcred and named by captain Cook, in 1775. It is 3 1 leagues long, and its greateft breadth 10. Ic abounds with bays and harbours, which the vaft (juan- tiiies of ice render inaccrflible the greateft part of the year. Two rocky i (lands are fituate at the N end ; one of which was named Willis' Ifland, from the perfon who difcovcred it. The Ather received the name of B rd Jiland, from the innumerable flocks cf birds of all furts that were feen near it. Here are perpendicular ice «lif)s, like thofe at Spitzbergen. Pieces were continually breaking off, airxl floating out to fea. The vallies were covered with fnow ; and the qflly vegetation obferved, was a bladed grafs growihg in tufts j wild burner ; •nd a plant, like mofs, which fprung from the rrcks. Not a flream of of frelh water was to be feen. This ifland lies between 38 13 and 35 34 W Ion. and 53 57 and 54 57 S lat. GeppinCj an imperial town of the duchy of VVirtemburg, feated on the fiver Wils, 25 miles E of Stutgard. GeRa, a town of Germany, in Mifnia, w'th a handfume college, on the river Eifter. Lon. «i 56 £, lat. 50 50 N. Geraw, a town of Germany, in are large quantities of flj^s, olives, and grapes, which, when dried, form their principal trade. It depend'i on the dey of Tripoli. Lon. 30 30 E, lat. 33 56 N. Gm BE vii.LER8,atdwn of France, in the department of Meurthe, with a caftle, feated on the river Agen, five miles from Luneville. Gergenti, n town of Siciir, with a caftle, and a bilhop's fee, 50 miles S of Palermo. Gerisau, a village of Swiflerland, on the N fide of the lake of Schweiti, at the foot of the Rigi. itisa reputKc, the fmalleft in Europe. Its territory is two leagues in length and one in breadth. It contains 1200 inliabi< tants, who hive their general afli-m. biy of burgefies, their landamman, council of regency, couits of juftice, and militia. Gerifau is co:r.pcfed en- tirely of fcattereJ houfes and cottigis, of a very neat and piciurefque appear- ance. The inhabitants are much em- ployed in preparing fiik for the manu- faifiurcs at Baflc. This republic is under the protedlion of the cantons of Lucern, Uri, Schweitz, find Under- walden; and, in cafe of war, fur- niflies its quota of men. Geiifauis 12 miles SW of Schwf itz. Germain, St. a townof Francf, in the department of Seine and Oife, with a magnificent palace, embellilh- cd by Lewis XIV, who was b:)rn ia it. Hrre James II found an afylum, when he fled to France. It is feated on the Seine, 10 miles NW of Paris. Germain's, St. a fmall borough of Cornwall, with a market on Fri- day. It was once tfeii largeft town in the county, anil a bifliop's tee. What rema ns of the cathedral is ufed as the patilh church ; and near it is tbe pri- ory. It ftands near the fea, 10 milts Heflfe-Darmftadt, capital of a diftridl of W of Plymouth, and 224 W by S uf the fame rame, 10 miles NWofDarm- ftadt. Lon. 8 29 £> lat. 49 45 N. GfRBKROY, a town of France, in the department of Oife, 50 miles N of Paris. Gerbes, Gerbi, orZeRBi, an ifland on the coaft of Tunis. It itim no corn but barley ; but there London. Lat. 50 a* N, lon. 4 24 W. Germain Laval, St. a town of France, in the department of Rhone and lyjire, 18 miles S of Roanne, and 225 SE of Paris. Germ AND, St. a town of Na- pies, in Terra di Lavoro, at the foot of Mount Cal&nO} and belonging to G£R abbey on the top of that numilt. Lon. 13 59 £» Jat. 41 23 N. Gekmany, a country of Europe, bounded oa the E by Hungiuy and Poland, on the N by the Baltic and Pcamark, on the W by Fiance and the Ne ««?rlands, and on the S by the A\fs, SwifTerland, and Italy, it is 640 miles in length, an(i 550 in breadth. It contains a great many piinces, fecular and eccleliiftic, who Kt independent of each other; and theie are feveral fiee imperial cities, which are fo many little republics, go- verned by their own laws, and united iiy a head, who has the title of empe- ror. The wcftem Roman empire, which had terminated in the year 475, in the perfon of Auguftulu3, the hl\ Roman emperoc, and. which was fuc- ceedeJ by the reign of the Huns, Of- trogotbs, and Lombardi,, was revived by Charlemagne, king of Friincp, on Chriftmas D^ 8cx>. This prince be- ing then at Rome, pope Leo III crowned him emperor, in St. Peter's church. After the death of Charle- magne, and of Lewis le Debannaire, bis Ton and fucccfTor, the empire was divided between the four fons of the latter. Lothario, the firft, was em- peror; Fepin, king of Aquitalne ; Lewis, king of Germany ; and Charles the Bald, king of France. The French kept the empire under eight emperors, till the year 912, when Lewis III, the laft princ? of the line of Charlemagne, died without ifTue mile. Conrad, rount of Franconia, the Ton in-law of L^wis, was then defied emperor. Thus the empire went to the Germans, and became eledive; for it had been hereditary under the French emperors. Rodol- phus, count of HapAurgh, ele^ed emperor in 127}, is the head of the houfe of Auftria, wliich is defcended from the fame ftock as the houfe of Lorrain, reunited to it in the perfon of Francis I, father of the two late emperors, Jofeph and Leopold. On the death of Charles VI, of Auftria, in 1740, an emperor was chofen from the houfe of Bavaria, by the name of Cbvles Vii. On his dcatb^ in L7451 GER the "aiovt mentioned Fr^cls, grairSI^ duke of Tufcany, was cleiled empa- ror ; whofe grandfon, Francis, now enjoys the imperial dignity; the pre- rogatives of which were formerly much inore exrcniivc than they are at pre- fcnt. There is not a foot of iand an- nexed to this title ; and the encperorii depend entiiely on their hereditary do- minions, for their power, and even kheir fubfiftence. The eledlors ace three ecclefiaftical j namely, the arch- bifliops. of Treves^ Coit>gne, and Mentz ; and five fecular, namely., the king of i^ruflia, as Brandenburg ; the king eledtor of „ of Great Britain, as eledlor of Hanover j the emperor, as king of Bohemia; the cledtor of Sixony, and the elcftor pa- latine of the Rhine. To picvent the calamities of a conteftcd eieftjon,. a king of the Ronruns, has been ofica c'loisain the lifftiire of the emperor, on whole death he fucceeds to the im- pt-rial dignity of courfe. The empe- ror (who is always cka:ed and.crowned at Francf rt on the Maine) affuh;,es the titles of auguft, of Cefar, and of facrcd majefty. Although he is chief of the empire, the fupreme authority relides in the diets, which are com- pofed of three colleges ; the iirft, that of the eleftors, tht: fecond that of the princes, and tiie third chat of the im- perial towns. The diets have the power of making peace or war, of fet- tling general impoiitions, and of regu» latiog all the important afiairs of the empire ; but their decilions have not the force of law till the emperor gives his ccnfent. All the fovereigns of Germany have an abfoUite authority in their own d( niuions, and can lay taxes, levy troops, and make alliances, provided they do not prejudice the em- pire They determine all civil caufes definitively, unlefs in fome particular cafes, in which an appeal may be made. Thefe appeals are to two courts, called the Imperial Chamber, at Wetalar ; and the Aulic Council, at Vienna. The three principal reli- gions are, the Roman catholic, the Lutherans, and the Calvinifts j but ChriiUans of all dcnomioacioiu are to<; I CEZ ftratcif ; tnd there It a tnultitode of Jews in all the great towns. Germa- ny is divided into nine drcles, name- ly) Auftria, Bavaria, Suabia, Fran- coniai Upper and Lower Rhine, Weft- phaliaf and Upper and Lower Saxony, fach of thefe includes feveral inde- pendent ftates. GxKMZiSHKiM, a town of Ger- many, in the palatinace of the Rhine, fituate near the Rhine, five miles W of Philipibarg. GxKi, a department of France, which includes the late provinces of Gafcony and Armagnac. It has its name from a river that waters Auch and Le£toure, and falls into the Ga- ronne above Agen. Auch is the ca- pita). GzRTRVDiNBVRG, an ancient town of Dutch Brabant, one of the principal Luiwarks of the Dutch. It has a good harbour on the Maefe, which here expands into a large lake, called Hies Bukh. Ir has been often taken, the lad time by the FVench in 1795. It is 10 miles N of Breda. Lon. 4 52 E, lat. 52 44 N. Gervminhi, an ancient town of Portugal, in Alentejo, feated on a hili, near the river Guadiana. It has a ftrong cafile ; buf was taken, in S662, by the Spaniards. It is 18 miles below Badajoz. GxsEKZ, a town of Weftphalia, feated on the Weyck, eight miles from Lippe. Gestrike, a province of Sweden, bounded on the N by Heifingia, on the £ by the gulf of Bothnia, on the S by Upland, and on the W by Dale- carlia. GivAUDAN, a late territory ©f France, i% Languedoc, bounded on the N by Auvergne, on the W by Rouergue, on the S by the Cevennes, and on the E by Vclay. It now ■forms the department of Lozere. Gex, a town of France, in the de- parrnnent of Ain, fenced at the foot of Mont St. Claude, between the Rhone, the lake of Geneva, and SwifTerland. It is noted for excellent cheefe j and is 10 miles NW of Geneva. GiziRA, a town«f Afia, in Dii* GHI arbee, in an ifland formed by the Tigris, 70 miles NW of Mouful, Ghanah, or Ghinnam, a town of Calhna, feated between a lalce anl the Niger, which is here called NeeU il-Abeed, or the Nile of the Ne. groes. It ia 90 miles N£ o> two ky the Maefe^ It wai fortified by. VauLan, and U zi miles SW of Namur. GiviRA,. a town of Ita!y, in the Milanefe, feated on a lake ot the fame name, eight mi Its. from Anghiera.- Glut A, a ftrong taw.i of Upper Hungary. It was take.i by the Tutks in t5t6, but rctake:i in j6ij^.~ It is feaied on the Kereiblan, 3c miles SW of Great Warudin. GiULA NuovA, a town of ..Naples, felted on the gulf of Vcnicef in Abruzzo Ulteriore. GiuLiANA, a town of Sicily, on a Craggy rock, ii miles from Xacca,. and 30 from Palermo. GiusTANOEL, a large town of Macedonia, with a Greek archbifliop's fee. It is feated near lake Ochrida, 60 miles SE of Durazzo. Glaciirs, a nime given to fome very extenfive fields of ice among the Alpt* Thefe glacieis may be divided Into two forts i the firft occupying the GLA deep vallles fituate in the hotam of the Alps, is termed, by the natives. Val- ley of Ice, but Mr. Coxe calls thetn the Lower Glaciers J and the fecond, which clothe the fummits and fides of the mountains, he calls the Upper Glaciers. The Lower Glaciers are by far the moft confiderable in ex. tent and depth. Some ftretch feveral leagues in length} that of des Bois, in particular, is more than fifteen miies long, and above three in its greateft breadth. The thicknefs of the ice varies in different parts. M. de SaufTore found its general depth, in the glacier des Boi&, from 80 to 100 feet j but queftions not the informa- tion of thofe who alTert, that, in fume places, its thicknefs exceeds ev 1 fu hundred feet. Thefe immenfe fields of ice ufualiy region an inclined plane. Being puih^d forward by ths prefTure of their own vveight, and but weakly fupported by.-the rugged rocks beneath, . they are interfered by large tranfverfa chafms } and prefent the appearance of walls, pyramids, and other fantaftic fhapes, obferved at all heights, and in all /ituations, whereever the declivity exceeds 30 or 4p degrees. In thofe parts, where the planet on which they . reft is horizontal, or only, gently incli^ ned, the furface of the ice is nearly . uniform ; the chafms are but few and narrow, and the travelled croflcs, on foot, without nuich .difficulty. The furface of the ice is not fo flippery as that of frozen ponds or rivers : it is rough and granulated, and is only danger rnu^tathe padenger in Aeep defcentii. It is n»t tranfpi^ent, is extremely po- rous, and full of fmall bubbles, which feidom exceed the lize of a pea, and confequently is not fo. conipaA as common ice. G1.AM0ROANSHIRK, a county of I S Wales, bounded on the N by Car* marthenfliire and Brccknockfhire, on the Eby Monmouthfliire, and on the S and W by the Briflol channel. . It extends from £ to W 48 miles, and only 26 from N to S. It. lies in the diocefe of Landaft' ^ is divided into 10 hundreds; contains one city, eight markct-townS| and iiSpanlbeS} aa4 '■■'^i^: , and In declivity In thofe hich tliey . ntly Incru is nearly . t few and roflcs, on ty. Th« ippery as crs : it is |nlydange* defcents. mely po- ,cs, which peat ^^ inipaft as [county of ' by Car* c(hire, on Ind on the Innel. - It ntleS} and lies in the ed into lo |ty, eight; bes} aajt the perfon having the cafting voice among the five or nine judges, who GLA arr tt> determine tlie caufe, Ihould be of the fame religion as the defendant* Gianis is furrounded by the Alpa^' except towiurd tains, which render it wery difficult of accefs. It is %i miles lung, and z^ brCMd* It is a rich diverfified coun- try) and con'^ains coal-pits, quarries of marble and flone, and a copper mine. In 1742, it was r,eded to the king of Pruflia, by Maria Therefa, ^ueen of Hungary. Glatk, the capital of the county of Glatz, in Germany, feated on the declivity of a hill, by the river Neifle. Go the top of the hill is an ancient caftlej and the Pruflians have not only greatly augmented and improved it, but hove built a new citadel. In 1742, the Pruflians took the town by capitulation; and in I760, the Auf- Iriani took it by ftorm, bu( renored it CLE in Y763. It is 82 miles £ by N of Prague. Lon. 16 §0 E, lat. 50 25 N. Glsncox, the Valk or, \a Argylelbire, near the head of Loclv Etive ; noted for a cruel naalTacre in 169 1. William lU, having offered a general amneily to the highianderv who had been in arms for James II, provided they accepted it before the firft of January, on pain of military exe. cution after that period, the laird of Glencoe, on the laft day of December, went to Fort William, the governor of which referred him to a civil officer. This made it the firft of January be* fore he could reach Inverary, where he furrendered to the fheriff, who, however, accepted his fubmiliion, in confideratJon of his oft'er to furrender the day before* The laird having taken the oaths, retu.ned to Glencoe, in full aflurance of fafety ;' notwith. ftanding which, he, and his whole clan, were butchered, on the j 5th of .February, and all the houfes in thft valley were burnt. Glinckoy, THr Vaib or^ » wild and romantic fituation, near the NE extremity of Loch Loung, in' Argylefhire. Thetwo ranges of moun* tains, which over hang this valley, ap. proach each other, and between there the traveller isimmured. Their ftupen* doua height, and the roaring of nutne. rous cataradts, that pour over their broken furface, produce an a^»fui tl- fca. GtZKtucc, a town of Wlgton. (hire, feated on the river Luce, neaf its entrance into the bay of that name. It is 16 miles W by S of Wigton. GtiNSHEK, Spitai. OF, a fiotcd pafs into the Grampian mountains, in- Scotland, a little to the S of the point where the counties of Perth, Angus, and Aberdeen meet. In 1718, * fmall body of highlanders, with 300 Spaniards, took pofleffion of this pafst but at the approach of the kings fbrces, they retired to the pafs at Strachell. They were driven fmra one eminence to another till night, j when the highlanders difperfed ; and, the next day, the Spaniards furrender* ed prifbners of wart • by N of E or, iff 1 of Loch- naflfacre la g offered a bighlanderf r James Ily ore the fiift lilitary exe- he laird of ■ December, governor of civil ofBcert January be- rrary, wheiC heriff, who, ibmiflion, in to furrender laird having 1 to Glencoe, VAtl OTj» ition, near the h Loung, ilk' ingesofmoun* :his valley, ap- between theft Their ftuper. uring of nume* )ur over their e an a*ful ef- m of Wigton- rer Luce, neaf ■ of that narati )f Wigton. i or, a noted' mountains, in' : S of the point Perth, Angus, I In 17»*> * Uers, with 300 WofthiipaW' of the kingi to the pafs »' re driven fm™ (ther till ni8^]» difperfed } and, liaidsfuttendci' GL(T Olovczs-txh, a city of Clottcef- ter/i{ire* with two markets, on Wed. nefday and Saturday. It is feated on die Severnf where, by two ftreams, it makes the ifle of Alney. It once codtained it thurcheSf but has now only five, befide the cathedra], which ii remarkable for its whifpering gallery, and for the tombs of Robert duke of Normandy, fon of William the Con- queror, and of Edward II. Glqucefter i^ a city and county of itfelf, govern* cd by a mayor, 1% aldermen, and a6 common council-men, atownderk, and fword^earer: the mayor is recorder of the city. It contains five hofpitals, two freefchoolff, anda new county gaol ; and fends two members to parliament. Great quantities of pins are made here. Here are iz Incorporated trading com-^ panle3« Ships come up by the Severn,, over which is a Rone bridge, land there is a quay, a wharf, and acuftom-, houfe. It k 34 miles N£ of Eriftol, and 106 W by N of London. Lon. S 16 W, lat. 5» 50 N. Gloucistxkshikk, a county of England; bounded on the W by Here- fordfliire and Monmouthfhire, on the N by WorcefterHiire, on the £ by Warwickfliire and Oxforddiire, and on the S by Wilffliire and Somerfet- Ihire; it extends from N£ to SW more than 60 miles, but is not more than a6 in breadth. It contains it hundreds, one city, 17 market-town^ and 218 pariihes, and fends eight members to parliament. The air is healthy throughout;- fliarp in the E' part, which contains the Cotefwotil Hills J but as nniild in the rich vale of Severn, which occupies the centre. The W part is chiefly occupied by the foreft of Dean. The ftaple commodi- tiv't are its woollen cloth and cheefe. [SeeCoTiswoLDj Dxan, Forist or; Evesham, Vxtx otj and ISIVERN, Valx or. Glogaw, Gbxat, a town of Si- llefia, capital of a principality of the fame name, with a caftle. It was taken by the king of Pruffia, in 1741. It ii feated on the Oder, 50 mil^a NW •fBreilaw. Lon. 16 31 E. Ut. le, that only one of the churches has glaft windows { for they make ufe of clear oyfter-fliells inftead of glafs, and aU their fine Hbufes have the fame. Their {irincipal trade is in arrack, which if diftilled from the fap of the cocoa nirt* tree. The harbour is well defendiflt and is 291 miles S by £ of Bombay. Lon. 7a 45 E, lat. 15 a8. N. Ooar, St. a town of Germany^ in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and fubjeft to the landgrave of Hcflfc Cat. fel. It is feated immediately under the ftujwndous rock and caftle of Rhcinfels, with which it furrendered to the French in 1794. It has a con- fiderable commerce m wines and hides, and is 15 miles S£ of Coblenti. GoxcEiN, a town in the palati- nate of the RJMnei 18 milei SS of Philip(burg« 1 GOG ftoBiN, St. SeeTtnt. GocH, a town in the duchy of Cteves) feated on the Neers, fix miles S of Cleves. GociANo, a town of Sardinia, feated on tht river Thurfo, 25 miles S of Aigher. It has a caftle, and is the capital of the county of the fame name. GoDALMTNC, a town of Surry, with a market on Saturday, feated on Ae Wty, where it divides into feveral Areams. It is four miles SW of Guilford, and 34 of London. . GoDAVERYf or GoKGA Go- sowRT, a river of the Deccan of Hindooftan, which, in the upper part •/ itscourfe, is efteemed a facred river by the Hindoos J that is, ablutions {performed in its ftream have a religi- ous efficacy, fuperior to thofe perform - oi in ordinary ftreamt. After crof- fing Dowlatabad and Goiconda, it di- Tides into two principal channels at Rajamundry} and thefe fubdividing •gain, form all together feveral tide liarbours, for velTels of moderate bur- den, at its different mouths in the bay of Bengal. The word gMga it the Indian name for a river. . GOOMAKCHESTZK, • tOWn of Huntingdonfliire, parted from Hun- tingdon by the Oufe. It was incor- porated by James I, and is inhabited py a great number of farmers. GoDOLPHiN, a hill in Cornwall, E of Mountfbay, famous for itttin-mines. GoF.s,orTEit GoE!l,«'ftrongtown h\ the United Provinces, capital of the 2d of S Bevf land. It comnmnicates ' the Scheid by a canal, and is 20 tes £ of Middleburg. Lon. 3 50 £, lat. 51 33 N. Go^iMAGoG Hills, three miles from Cambridge, remarkable for the intrcnchnients here ; whence feme fuppofa it was a Roman camp ; and others, that it was the work of the Danes. They are covered with a fine dry carpet turf. GoHVD, a territory of Hindooftan Proper, in the province of Agra ; fub- je6t to a riijah, tributary to the I'ooiiah IVlahruttas. Owalior is the capital. C/UORAi or S00KJ£W KlYliRi S( in me imlcs aoL' river which rifes in Thibet, in lat, jj 17 N, and forcing its way through Mount Himmaleh, unites with the Ganges, above Chuprah, in the fn- vince of Bahar. GoiTo, a town of Italy, in the Mantuan, feated on the Mincio, be> tween the lake of Mantua and that of Garda, 1 5 miles N W of Mantua. GoLCoNDA, a country of the Dec can of Hindooftan, between the lower parts of the rivers Kiftna and Godavery, and the principal part' of Dowlatabad. It was formerly called TelPingana, or Tilling, and is fubje£t to the nisam of the Deccan. It is moft remarkable for its diamond mines, the moft con* fiderahle in the world. Hydrabadi the capital. GoLiboNDA, a fortrcfs in the coun. try of the fame name, fix miles WNW of Hydrabad, and iolnrd to that cit" b" a wall of communication* It occupiej the fummit of a conical hill} and ij deemed impregnablf . When Aurung. lebe conquei-ed the kingdom of Go). conda; in i687f this fortrefs was taken poflelfion of by treachery. GoLDBEirO, a town of Sllefia, in the duchy of LigmU> 36 miles W of Breflaw. Gold Coast or Guinea, »niar!. time country of Africa, where the £u. ropeans have forts and fetttements. It is I So miles in length. The negroes are generally very rich, as they carry on a great trade with the Europeans for gold ; and many of chem are employed in filhing, and cultivating their rice, which grows in incredlb^ quantities! Goloem Island, a barren ifland, at the mouth of the gulf of Dirien, where the Scots attempted to make a fettlement in 1698 ; but finding it » barren fpot, they left it, and tookpof- fefiion of the oppofitc ihore. Lon. 77 10 W, lat. 9 o N. Goldingbn, a town of Cour)and> with a caA le j feated on the river Welai 60 miles W of Mittau. GoLEiTA, an ifland of Africa, at the entrance of the bay of Tunijj taken by the emperor Charles V, when he attempted the fiegc of Tunis, and kept by the Chiiftians feveral ypfc lat. J^ through iith the he |(0> in the icio, be> 1 that of ttua. the Dec the lower Sodavery, iwlatabad. ngana, or he nicam emarkabie moft con« ydnbad i'. the coon. ileaWNW hat city by It occupies lill, and is ;n Aurung* tn of Col- 's was taken Silefia, in mile* W of lAyHtnai!* ere the Eu- lementSt It he negroes they carry iropeans for |re employed their rice, quantities. larren ifland, of Dirien, to make a Ifinding it » id took pof- ■e. Lon.77 of Courland, le river Wela, pf Africa, »t of Tunlli ^lesV,wlK« Tunia, ^<^ Bvetal >(«>♦ CON It is 29 miles N of Tunis. Lon. to to E, lat- 37 10 N. GoLNAW, a town of Pru^an Po« merania, feated on tbe Una, iS miles KE of Stetin. GoMBitooN> a conltdenble feaport of Perfia, in Farftftan, feated on a bay, II miles N of the ifland of KifmiJh. The Engllih and Dutch have faAorirs here. Lon. 36 35 £» lat. 27 30 N. Comer A, one of the canary iflands, between Ferro and TeneriiF. It has one good town of the fame name, with an excellent harbour, where the Spanifli ihips often take in refrefhments. Lon. i7 3 W> lat. i8 6 N, GoNDAB, the metropolis of Abyfli- nia, Htuate on a hill, and containing about io,oco families in time of peace. Tlie houfcs are chiefly of clayj the rjofs thatched in the form of cones, which is al'.viys the comtruaion within the tropical rains. There are about ICO churches, and their patriarch de- pends on that of Alexandria. The niny leafon begins in April, and does not ceafe till the end of September, whence the Nile, and other rivers that have their fuurce in Abyffinia, over- sow their banks every year. Gundar is 180 noiles SE of Seanar* Lon. 37 j3 E, lat. i£ 34 N. GONDEGAMA, Or GoNOtACOM- MA, a river of the peninfula of Hin- dooftan, which forms the nominal boundary of the Carnatic on the N, and enters tlie bay of Bengal. GoNDREcouRT, a town of France, in the department of Meufe, feated on the river Orney, ao miles S of St. Mkhel. GoNDnEvitLE, a town of France, in the department of Meurthe, feated on the Mofelle, with a cadle, and a magnificent hofpital. It (lands on a I hill, eight miles from Nanci. GoNEssc, a town of France, in I the departnent of Seine and Oife. It is remarkable for the goodnefs of its krcid, which Is brought twice a week tn Palis. It was the birthplace of king Philip Auguftus, and is feated on I the Cro'jid, 10 miles NE of Paris. CofiGA, ao aacient town of Ro- G O O mania, feated near the fea of Marmonly 37 miles NE of Gailipnii. GoNf AH, a kingdom of Africa, be* tween the coad of Guinea on the S, and Tombudou on. the N, and fup- pofcd, by major Rennell, to be the Conche of M. d'Anvllle, and the Gongc of M. de I'lfle. Gonjah, the capiul, is 870 miles W by S cf Caihna* Lon. 6 10 W, lat. 1 3 lo N. Good Hopz, Cape of, the fou. thern extremity of Africa, in 8ff X3 E lon. and 34. 29 S lat. difcovered by the Fortuguefe in T493. Here it a well-built town, riAng in the midJi of a defert, furrounded by dreary mountains. The road is commanded by a fort on the E, and another on the W fide. The flrects are broad and regular, interfering each other at righc angles. The religion of the flaves it as little regarded here as in the colonies of other European ftates. In other refpeAs, they are treated with huma- nity, and are boarded, and kept at work, in a fpacious houfe. Thefe flaves, a few Hottentots excepted* were all originally brought from the Eaft Indies. Another great building ferves as an hofpital fcr nhe Dutch fallors* It is clofe to the company's gardens, and is a honour to that com* mercial body. ,The convalefcents have free accefs to thefe gardens, where they enjoy the benefit of a pure whele- fome air, perfumed by the fragrance of a number of rich fruit trees, and odoriferous fltrubs, plants and fiowecfrs they have likewifc the ufe of every production in them. The ground be* hind the town gradually rifcs toward! the mountains, called the Table Moun« tain, which is the higheft ; the Sugar- loaf, fo named from its form; the Lion^s Head, Charles Mount, and James Mount, or the Lion's Rump* From thefe mountains defcend feveral rivulets which fall into the difTerenC bays, as Table B^y, Falfe Bay, &c. See Hottentots, Country or THE. Goodwin Sands, famoui fand- banks off the coaft of Kent, lying be-^ V .<;ii the N and S Fprelaod i viA, »i li r f ll COR 'fhey ran paralle! with the €oaft for tiiree leagues tagetl r, at about two league! and a half diftant from it, they add to the fecurity of that capacious toad, the Downs. They occupy the fpace, formerly a large trzSt of low ground belonging to Godwyn earl of Kent, fadier of king Harold; and which being afterward giving to the nonaftery of St. Auguftin, at Canter- bury, the abbot, negle^ing to keep in tepair the wall that defended it from the fea, the whole tnd was drowned, in the year i too, leaving thefe fands, upon which fo many ibips have been wrecked. GooMrrr, a river of Hindooftan Proper, which rifes in the Rohllla Count^ and flowing by Lucknow and Jionpour^ falls into the Ganges, below fcnares.' GooTY, or GtfTTi, a ftrong for- trefs in the peninfula of Hindooftan, formerly the feat of government of a Mafaratta prince* It is now fubjeA to Tippoo Sultan," and is 25 miles S by E of Adoni. Lon. 77 35 £, lat. 15 15 N. GoacuM, a town of the United Provinces, in Holland, which carries on a confidenble trade in cheefe and butter. It is feated at the jundion of the Ljnghe with the Wahal, 12 miles E of Dort, and 32 S of Amfterdam. GoatiE, a barren ifland of Africa, near Cape de Verd, fubjedl to the French, but of fome importance on ac- count of its trade. Lon. 17 25 W, Jat. 14 40 N. Goaxx, the capital of an ifland of die fame name, in Holland, eight miles SSW of Briel. Lon. 4 20 £, lat. 51 44N. Gore Island* an ifland in the N Pacific Ocean, difcovered by captain Cook, in his laft voyage. It is barren and uninhabited. Lon. 169 o V/, lat. 64 o N. GoBGoNA, a fmall ifland of Italy, in the Tea of Tufcany, eight miles in circlimference, remarkable for the large quantity of anchovies taken near it. ioa. 10 o E, lat. 43 as N. ^ OeacoNAj an i&nd in the S P«- ■GO'T . cillc Ocean, 12 miles W of the eoal of Peru. Lon. 77 50 W, lau 3 29 -S> GoaHAMavaT, a manor In Hert* fordfliire, near St Alban's. It be. longed to the abbey of that town. Being gnnted, at the diflToIution to fir Ralph Rowlet, he fold it to the lord keeper, fir Nicholas Bacon, who built here a noble feat, with famous gardeni: in which he was Aicceeded by bis eldeft fon Anthony, and afterward by hit fecond fon Francis, the celebrated vif* count Verulam, commonly called loid Bacon. The ancient feat was deno. liflied, and a new one eredted in the modern ftyle, by theprefent proprietor, lord Grimfton. GoaiTz, the capital of the county of Gorita, in the duchy of Carniolj, with a caftle, feated on the Lifonzo^ 16 miles N£ of Aquileia. Lon. ij 30 E, lat. 46 20 N. GbaLiTZ, a ftrong town of Ger. many, in Upper Lufatia, ontheriret Neifli;, 55 miles E of Drefden. Goazz, a town of France, in the department of Mofelle, featedon ahilli eight miles SW of Metz. GosLAa, an ancient, free, and im. perial city of Gertnany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and territory of Brunfwick, feated on the river Gdfe, at the foot of the mountain, called Rammeifberg. It derives its princi. pal fubfiftence from the neighbouring iron mines J and it is famous for breweries of excellent beer. Here the art of gunpowder i^ faid to have been difcovered by a monk. It is 28 milei S of Brunfwick. GosPORT, a fortified town In Hampfhire, on the Wfide of the har- bour of Portfmouth, over which is 1 ferry. It has a market on Saturday j and here is a noble hofpital for the ficic and wounded of the royal navy. It'll fituate in the parifli of Aiverftock, 79 miles SW of London. GoSTYNEN, or Go{TAVlN» I town of Poland, in the palatinate ofj Rava, 36 mlicH NE of Rava. Got HA, a town of Germany, ia the circle of Upper Saxoay, and capi* kl of a duchy ii 18 miles ^ E, Lt. 51 o : OOTHA, I Iffuts fromlaii to the North t OoTHAaOj Donntaijis of S feet above the eight miles froi OoTHEBOa s flourffliing to Sweden, at the which forms ah left fituated for the kingdom, 1 Sound. The in to be 20,000. hen-rngfi/hcry} Swedilh Eaft In< parture. The for that the Danes, •788, muft hav( king of Sweden, rence of the Bi whole mediation vention were cone 188 miles SW " 44 E, lat. 5; COTHIAND,; «' divifions of , Oftrogothia, or E Weflrogothia or "V of Goth land and Italia, Halland, fil or Schonen. . Gothland, ^ f e. on the E coaft » Its only town. 57 ON. GOTTENBORC »0«0. GOTTINGEN, « the duchy of Br P^eand imperial, Je eJeftor of Hai porge II founded Jjed on the rive I^EofCafleJ. Lo, |xN. GoTTojti., atov N of the duchy oi PMucal palace is. J" E, lat. 5^36 N, GOT GRA F the coal lau 3 «o gr in Hert* s. It be. that town. Itttion to fir to the lord 1) who built nusgardeni; byhiteldeft ward by hit •Jebrated vif< ly called lord kt was den»> refted 'in the 5nt proprietOTi of the county f of Carniola, the Lifonzo, ia. Lon. 1} town of Crer« la, ontherWa Drefden. France, in the featedonahilli :z. :, free, and im* in the circle id territory of ' the river GoTe, 1 [ountoin, called I ives its princi- re neighbouring famous for ler. Here the id to have beea Itisz8nule>| Itified town in llide of the har« Iver whi<^^ "*| l-t on Saturday; ^italfortheficlt pi navy, h *'» [Aiverftock,79 JoJTAVlN, « ^e palatinate of| Rava. If Germany, i»| ioay> »tti"f'' Wofaduchy of the fame name, tt GoTTiBtto, t town of SileAi^ It iS miles W of Er/urt. Lon. lo $% !n the duchy of Schweidnits, renivko £, Lt. 51 o N. ahle for its filver mines. OoTHA, a fiTer of Sweden, which Govda, or Tv>oow> • ftronj ifliies from like Weoner, and falls in> town of the United Provinces, in S to the North ^a aC Gotheborg. HeHand,-oelebrated/oritsnoblecharch» OoTHAKD, St. oneof thehigheft the painted glafs windows, fuppofedta inountains of Swiflerland, being 9075 be the fineft in Europe. |n 143?, iC feet above the level of die fea* It ia was entirely deflroyed by fire. It it eight miles from Altorf. feated on the Iflel, eight miles NE of GoTHEBOKG, orGoTTEKBViic, Rotterdam. ^ a flourifliing town of W Gothland, in Oovdhvkst, a town in Kent^ Sweden, at the moiith of the Gotha, with a market on Wednefday, la miles which ^rms ah excellent harbour, the SW of Maidftone, and 44 S£ of Lon* beft fituated for foreign trade of any in don. - the kingdom, as it lies without the Govehnolo, a town of Italy, ia Sound. The inteibitants are computed theMantuan,featedon thcMincio, 19 to be lo,ooo* Here is a conlidcrable miles SE'of Mantua, henmg fiihery ; and from this port the Govt a, or Gun A, a town of Po^ Swedifli Eaft India 4iips take their de. land, in the palatinate of Mafov'to^ be* parture. The fortifications are fo weak, longing to the hi/hop of Pofnaaia* that the Danes, who befieged it, in Lon. 21 56 £, lat. 51 i N. (788, muft have taken it, with the Gordon, a town of France, in the king of Sweden, but for the interfe- department q{ Lett 18 aalci NW of rente of the Britifli minifter, under Cahors. whofe mediation an armiftice andcon> Gout nay, a town of France, in' vention were concluded. Gothebbrgis the department of Lower Seme, re* Lon. markable for its market of fine butter. 188 miles SW of Stockholm. II 44 E, lat. 57 4» N. GoTHLANP,one of the five gene« ral divifions of Sweden, containing Olhogothia, or E Gothland, Smoland, Weftrogothia or W Gothland, the ifles of Gothland and OEland, Wermland, Dalia, Halland, Blekingen, and Scania or Schonen. Gothland, an ifland of the Bal- tic, on the £ coaft of Sweden. Wiiby is its only town. Lon. 19 45 E, lat. 57 N. Gottenburc. See Cothe- BORG. GoTTiNOEN, a city of Geriliany, 1r the duthy of Brunfwick, formerly free and imperial, but now fubjeft tO the eleftor of Hanover. Here king George II founded a uftiverfity. It is ifiited on the river Leina, 15 miles iKEofCafTeJ. Lon. 9 53 £, lat. 51 ,xN. Got TOR p, a town of Slefwick, ca- lita! of tht duchy of Holfteln Gottbrp. [The ducal palace is very fine. Lon. 9 J6E, lat. 5436 N. It is feated on the Epte, cs milea NW of Paris. GovRocK', a town of Renfrew* fliite, on a bay of the filth of Clyde* In its neighbourhood,' a cupper mine was formerly worked. GowER, the peninfulated extremL' ty of Glamorganfliire, to the W of tlM bay of Swanfey. It has very lofty Jime- ftone cliffs next the fea, whence largt quantities of lime are exported to the Engliih counties acrofs the Brifhtl Channel. The land is a fertile traft of arable and paflure. ' GoKzi, orGoKEs, aniflandofthe Mediterranean, to the S of the ifle of Candia, ix miles from fort Selino. GoRzo, a fortified ifland on th« coafl of Barbary, five miles NW of Malta, and belonging to the knights of that i/iand. Grabow, a town of Germany, ia the duchy of Mecklenburg, 18 milea S of Schwerin. Graciosa, one of the Axores, of Weftem Illands. Its iohabitints are 4 ' ' ■■■<'' !l GRA GRA l^ut 3000f and its produce U wheat, .wine, butter, and cheefe. Lon. %j ji W, Jat. 39 » N. ■ GtACioiAy a rock/y barren^ un- inliabited ifland, one of the CanarieCj tQ the N of Lancerota. It is thr^^e miles long, and two broad. Ga AD I SKA, a ftrong town of Scla- vonia, taken b/ the Turks in 1691. It is r«ated on the Save, xo miles SW gf Pufega. Craoisjca, a ftrong town ot Get- inany, in tlie county of Goritz, fcated on the Lifonso, 1 5 miles S£ of Udina. Grado, a Arong town of Italy, in a fmall iAand of the fame name, on the coaft of Venetian Friuli, 50 miles E by N of Venice. Lon. 13 jo£, lat. 45 46 N. Gkafton, a village of Noithamp* tonflure,' between Stony Stratford and Northampton, where there is a manur« houfe and park, given by Charles II, to the duke of Grafton, whence the title is derive^. Gkaham's Mutr, between i e Carron Works and Falkirk, in Scot- land, a field celebrated for being the fyot where fir William Wallace, in 1298, cut his way through the m'dft of his vidoriou^ eneniies* ', Grammont, a town of Auftrian l^anders, feated on the Dender, i2 fciiles NE of Tburnay. Grammont, a town of France, in ihe department of Upper '''^ienne, rc- marlcable for its late abbeyi whicii was the chief of the order. It is 15 miles N£ of Limoges. Grampound, a fmall borough in Cornwall, with a market on Saturday, it is feated on the Valles, aiid has a cnnfiJerabie mariu'fadlory of gloves. It i^ 46 miles SW of Launceftor^ and 244 W by S of London. Gran, a ftrong town (f Lower Hungary, with an avchbifhop*6 fee. It has been fcvcral times taken and re- taken, biit laft of all by the impe- rialifts, in 1683. It is feated on the Danube, 87 miles E by S of Vienna. Granada, a province (formerly a kingdom) of Spain, bounded on the fi and W by Andalufia, on the £ by |Klurcii|,"and on the S by the Mediter- ranean. It is 175 miles in length, uA 75 in breadth, Thu^igh a moontain* ous country, d>e foil is good ; but it has not been well euldvated fince the Moors were expelled.^ in 149a. How* ever, it produces com, vnne, oil, fq. gar, flax, excellent fruits, honey, wax, grapes, and mulb?rr;/-tree'., which fee4 a great nwmber of fiikworms. Granada, a large city of Spain, capital of the province of Granada, with an archbi/hop's fee, and a univer. lity. It is built on four hills, and di. vided into four parts, in one of which is the church, containing the tombs of Ferdin:md and Ifabella, who took Chit place from the Moors, in 1492. In another is an ancient palace of tht Moori/h kings, with fo many rooms, that it is like a labyrinth. In the third, is the univerfity. It is feated near the confluence of the Oro with the Xenil, 125 miles SW of Murcia, and 225 S of Madrid. Lon. 3 70 W, lat. 37 8 N. Granada, one of the Windward Caribbec iflands, in the Weft Indies, the principal of the Granadillat, or Granadines, fituate in 61 40 W lon, and between 115$ ^"4 12 23 N lat. 30 leagues to the NW of Tobago. Th;: chief port, oiled Lewis, is verjf fpacious. This iHand is Hnely wood* ed ) and produces fugar, tobacco, and indigo. It was taken from the French iu 1762, confirmed to the Englithin 1763, taken by the French in 1779, and reftored to the Eriglifh in 1783. Granada, a town of N America, in the province of iNIcangua, feated on lake Nicaragua. It was taken twice by the French biiccanncers, and pii* laged. The inhabitants carry on a great trade by the lake, which com* municates with the Atlantic. Lon. 3/ { o W, lat. 1128 N. Granada, an extcnfive inland I country in S America, denominated by the Spaniards the new kingdom off Granada. It is bounded on the W b; Popayanj on the N by other provinceij of Terra Firma, namely, Santa Mjr-f tha, Rio de la Hacha, and Venezuela; I on the S by Peru 5 and on the E by>j country which ftretchc*'" aIo/i£ ^\ banks of the tie known, < by the Spanii conquered b] It is fo far e/c f", that, th( to the equator ably tempera{ valJies is not richeft lMt'iG Wgher ground! ftones of varioi populous and f\ pital is Santa Fi Grande p in the departmi on the river j Rhfims. Granicus, tolia, which ha W3» near the r 0" its banks wa tattle, in which w'-h 30,000 M l^snus and 60c ffs into the fa £ of Lampfaco. _ Granson, a I in the Pays de V J'wcoftheftnie Charles the Bold fookitbyftorm '}> '1 '476, he Lon. 6 30 E, lat ,^»ANTHAM, coin/hire, with a /['s feated on the J'»'rch, famous for '«["« to Jean on < mi/es N by w of ['rem London. /WeftmorJand, laic ' . ^RANvitte in the department fyeatcdon a ilain. It is t( B . lat. 48 50 i"' »J miles W GRA GRA binka of the river Oronoko, and is lit- th- A ^ ^ V *** tie known, and impcr/eaiy occupied, river ^SJ^"' "C^"***' ^^^^J «« the by the Spaniards. New Granada was tZ ?n,' ** ^^^ ^ootof the „" ^ conquered by the Spaniards in^sj, c^oli?'"'''''''' '^ "^^^^ oTcZ It IS fo/are/evated above the level of the '« ' f"> that, though it approaches aJmn«» - . "'^'^^^^'v, a vilJaee in w, totheequato., the cli'rSate I, im^rk^ in^""!'/'^ «^« « 'olarie" hifj" aby temperate. The fertility of L wherr^"^ ^^ ."^"^^^^^^sSu^' vallies IS not inferior to that «r Jl ^""'^j 'n oae, kini? AfKoi/i '""y* G«A»oi PHI a townofFr,!.,. •..'"''»»'' on the riv-,M k i. .h. J.p„.„,e„t of .»,de""S 'i e""^ '"^ °f vir'un"*;- ■""""'■ = Jl 01 _ G«AOD£NTZ, a tO«« nf D 1 J «a, whicK has it, f„„Ke in Mo"!, xh^'' °° *« Villula, 30 „ne, N of Ida,nea, ,h. ruins of ancientTZ G? '"" ' '° ^ W of Wa4„ ° 0,1 ,B banks was fcoght the relebrS B ?""''• » ftrong town „f n . 1. tale, in which Alexander tSo^S fX^"".' ''t"^ •"■■ *e Efe h?'" *^edr.heW-tt™°°a'";r'^' "^""""""JuX'ofte f"' '"»^'" ' S'lIi:^ " ^•™^°'^' - ""= i-u^eXr/^nrh^s ' r -^ Gra!„,„.w.t,. ,<■ „,, ENEofCemb","! .''""" .;%• GRE 1'. Is called the corporation r^Gravef- end and Milton, thefe two pLxes being united under tiie government of a mayor, tz aliiermen, 14 common council-men, Sec, Richard 11 gran*', ed them the exclufive privilege of con- veying pafTer.gers to London in boats, at two- pence a head, or a whole boat^s fare at four ihiilings. The fair is now rin?pence « head. The boats depart from Billingfgate, at high-watcr, and from Grave lend at low- water} the ringing of a bell, at each place for a quarter of an hour, giving notice of the time. Coaches altend the arrival of the boats froro London, to convey the paflenteis to Rochefter, at one ft^lling 'and fixpence each. The chief em- ployment r*" the labouring people is i'pinningi of hemp. Gravefend is fa- mous for afparagus, and is 22 miles S£ of London. Lon. o 27 £, lat. 51 25 N. Gravina, a town of Naples, in Terra-di-Bari, with a bifliop's fee, 32 ' miles SW of Bari. Gratlhet, a town of France, in the department of Tarny 12 miles NW of Caftres. Gray, a commercial town of France, in the department of Upper Saone. Its trade conlifts in iron, and it is feat- ed on the Saone, 25 miles N£ of Dijon. Grays Thxjrrock, a town of Edex, with a market on Thurfday, feated on the Thames, 24 milss £ of London. Greenland, a general name by which are denoted the moft eafterly parts of America, ftretchirg toward the N Pole, and iikewife fome illands to the N of the continent of Europe, ly- ing in very high latitudes. This coun- try is divided into W and £ Green- land. W Greenland was difcovered as ■ ftarly as the ninth century by the Nor- wegians, who planted colonies there. Tie communication with that coun- try, after a long interruption, was re- newed in the Jaft century. Some zea- lous Lutheran and Moravian mi/flun tries ventured to fettle in this frozen and uncultivated region. From them we iearoi that the NW coaft of Green- GRE land is feparated from America by 1 very narrow ftrait } that, at the bot. torn of the bay into which this ftrait conduds, it is highly probable that they are united j that the inhabitantj of the two countries have fome inter- com fe ; and that the Efquimaux of America perfeftly rcfemble the Green, landers in their afpedt, drefs, mode of living, and language. £ Greenland was, for a long time, confidered as a part of the continent of W Greenland, but is now difcovered to be an alTem. blage of iflands lying between 9 and 20° £ ton. and 76 46 and 80 30 N lat. It was difcovered, in 1533, by fir Hugh Willoughby, who called it Greenland, fuppofing it to be a part of the weftern continent. In 1595, i( was vifited by Barentz and Cornelius, two Dutchmen, who pretended toht the otiginal difcoverers, and called it Spitzbergen, or flir.rp mountains, from the many (harp- pointed and rocky mountains, with which it abounds. The only quadrupeds of either WorE Greenland, are deer, white bears, and foxes. To its frozen feas, the Eng. lifh and other nations repair annually, in the proper feafon, to fifli forwhalefc See Spitzberccn. Greenlaw, the county'town of Berwickihire, feated on a river tlut joins the Tweed, before it reacba Berwick. It is 17 miles W by S of that town. Greenock, a coniiderable feapoit of Renfrewlhire, at the mouth of the Clyd*:. ic is 3 place of great refortfot flipping, and has much increafed with. in the laft 30 years. Here is a foit for the defence of the harbour. Itil 22 miles W of Glafgow. Iflr.. 4 19 W, lat. 55 54 N. Greensbur^h, the coufitytowa of Weftmorland, in Pennfylvarjia, 16 miles from the Monongahcia. Loiii 78 36 W, lat. 40 8 N. ^1 Greensted, a village, one mile w of Chipping Ongar, in EflVx, remark able for its little church (built prior' the Conqueft) the walls of which formed of the folid trunks of * placed in rows. Gr££nwicH| a town in & ,. '^'e and twol ™ a commodious * choked up. Id ka by t the bol. \\\i ftrait jable that nhabitants imc "mter- limaux of tbcGteen. 's, mode of Greenland idered a) a Greenland, ; an alTem- veen 9 and d So 30N n 1 53'i» >>J /ho called it 3 be a part of In 1S95»'« nd Cornelius, etended to lie and called it luntainSj from I and rockj y it abounds. either W or! hUe bears, and Teas, theEng. epair annually, fifh for whales. lounty'town of n a river that fore it readei ilesWbySof Rderable feapmt tie mouth of tht ■ great refort fot iincreafedwltli' Here is a f"!* harbour. It'' I (the couiitv-tow T'ennfylvania. >_«l longaii''-'*' W Lge,oneroi.e« I EflVx, tetn"''' |ch (built P""'' Tills of wl^if''/ trunks of town IB 1 GRI five miles E of London, famoas for Its magnificent hofpital for decayed fea- men, its delightful park, and its aftro- nomical obfervatory, on a hill, called Flamfteed HUI, from the great aftro- nomer of that name, who was here the firft aftronomcr royal. The Englifh compute the longitude from the meri. dian of th's place. Here is a college, called the Duke of Norfolk's College (though founded by Henry earl of Northampton, father of the celebrated earl of Surry) for the maintenance of 20 decayed houfekeepers; and an hof- pital, called Queen Elifabeth's College, founded by Mr. Lambard. Grenoble, a large, populous, and ancient town of France, in the depart- ment of Ifere, with a bifhop's fee. The leather and gloves that are made here are highly efteemed. It is feated on the Ifere, overwhich are two bridges. It is 37 miles S of Cha'.nberry, and 105 W by N of Turin. Lon. 5 49 E, lat. 45 iz N. Gretna Green, avillage of Dum- frlesftiire, near the mouth of the E/k, noted as the refort of the young per- fons in England, who choofe to be m^irried, notwithftanding the prohibit tions of their parents and guardians. The ceremony is performed by a black- fmith. GRIFrZNHAKF.N, » town of Pruf - flan Punnerania, in the duchy of Stetin, Ifeatcd on the Oder. Lon. 14 41 E, |k. 53 25 N. Grimbergem, a town of Auf- trian Brabmt, with an abbey and a il^ie, fix miles N of Brufl'els. Grimm, a town in the eledlorateof iuony, feated on the Muldaw, with citadel, 10 miles SE of Leipfick. Grim MEN, a town of Swedifli Po- lerania, Ave miles S of Stralfund. Grimperg, a town in the elec- »ate of Treves, with a bifhop's fee, |7 miles SE of Treves. Grimsby, Great, a borough of incolnfhire, with a market on Wed- :fday and Saturday. It had former- i caftle and two parifli churches, ith a commodious harbour,* now al- i lat> 53 28 N. Groll, a town of Dutch Gu:»- derlai)d, in the county of Zutphen. It was often taken and retaken in the wars between the Dutch and Spaniards. The French took it in 1672, and de- molifhed the fortifications. It is feat- ed on the river Slinghe, 15 miles S£ of Zutphen. Groningen, a populous city of the United Provinces, capital of a lordfljip of the fame name, with a ci- tadel and a unlverfity. It is feated on the rivers Hunes and Aa ; has a com- munication, by a canal, with a bay of the German Ocean, at the diftance of .10 miles ; and is 85 miles N£ of Am- fterdam. Lon. 6 31 E, lat. 53 10 N. Groningin, one of the United Provinces, bounded on the E by ttie Embs, which feparates it from E Frief- land, on the W by Friefland, on the N by the German Ocean, and on the S by Overyfrd. This country confifts of pafturcs, which feed a great num- ber of large horfes, fit for the coach. Grosba, an ifland of Dalmatia, in the gulf of Venice, near the coaft of the county of Zara. It is 30 miles in citcumference, and belongs to the Venetians. Grossetto, a town of Tjfcany, with a ftrong caftle and a bi/hop^s fee} iituate near the fea, 30 miles SW of Sienna. Grotskaw, a town of Silefia, capital of a province of the fame name, 30 miles NE of Glatz. Lou. 1725 E, lat. 50 37 N. Grotskaw, a town of Servia, * where the Germans were defeated by ihe Turks in 1739* Loni ai lo £» bt«45xoN4 ;, i ^ , GUA' G»oYNig a river of Galicla, in Spain, which enters the bay of fiifuy, at Corunna. Grubknhagxn, a town and caf- tle of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and the chief place of a principality of the fame name, be- longing to the houfe of Hanover. It is 45 miles S of Hanover. Lon. 10 3 E, lat. 51 31 N. GRccKriLDT, a townofCarin- thia, with a caftle, on the liver Save. Lon. 15 45 E) lat. 46 7 N. GtVNDE, a town of the duchy of Brunfwick, in the mountains of Hartz. Lon. 13 35 E, Ut. 52 10 N. Gruningen, a town of Germany, in the principality of Halberftadt, feat, ed on the river Felke. Lon. 11 41 £, lat. 52 4 N. Gruningen, a town of SwiiTer- land, in the canton of Zuric, capital of the bailiwic of the fame name, with a caftle, on an elevated rock. Lon. I 43 E, lat. 47 14 N. Gruyires, a townofSwifTerland, in the canton of Friburg, with a caf. tie. It is famous for cheefe, and is 15 miles SW of Friburg. GuACocKJNCo, a town of New Spain, 30 miles SE of Mexico. Guadalajara, orNEwQAti. CIA, one of the three audiences of New Spain J bounded on the N bjr New Mexico, on the £ and S by the audience of Mexico, and on the W by the gulf of California and the N | Pacific Ocean ; extending 800 miles j in length and 506 in breadth. It | is divided into the provinces of Gua- dalajara Proper, Zacatecas, NewBif- cay, Cinaloa, Culiacan, Chametlan, j and Xalifco. It is celebrated tor its I fertility and the richnefs of its iilTeiJ mines. Guadalajara, or Guaba* I. AX AS A, the capital of the pro-l vincc and audience of the fame iiameil in New Spain. It is a bifliop'sf«,l and is fituate on the river BareiojsJ 217 miles W of Mexico. Lon. 10* 49 W. lat. 20 50 N> Guadalajara, orGuADAtAX^ ARA, a tov?n of Spaifli in Nei GUA GUI ilicia, la f Bifca;, and caf< circle of f place of lame, be- lover. It Lon. 10 1 of Carin- liver Save, f. le duchy of untains of lat. 51 10 jf Germany, erftadt, feat- Lon. II 41 n of Swiffer- Luric, capital iC name, with ock. 1*1' i jfSwiffetland, g, with acaf- cheefe, andiJ town of New Mexico. [rNxwQAU- fe audiences of [on the N by "i and S by the id on the W by ia and the N I ling 800 miles 1 in breadth. It [vinces of Gua- Was, NewBif- jn, Chatnetlan,! tlebrated tot it>l [efs of itstott or GtlADA- Lt of the prt'l I the fame itfiWil (s a bilhop's f««i| river Baieinj'il klco. Lo"''"*! |0rGUADAU»j Caftile, on the river Hetares, 30 miles name. It is 1 11 miles NW of Lima* NE of Madrid, GiTADALAViAR, a rivcf of Spain, which falls into the Mediterranean} below Valencia. GuADALOUPE, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura, with a celebrated con- vent. It is featcd on a rivulet of the fame name. Lon. 53 E, lat. 391* N. GuADALOupE, one of the Lee- ward Caribbee Ifla ',ds in the Weft In- dies, lying between Antigua and Domi- nica, in lon. 62 o W, and lat. 16 20N. It is 120 miles in length, and 48 in breadth. The French fettled on this ^1* 74 55 ^* '^^* 9 55 S* GuANAzAVKLCA, a rlcH town of Peau, in a country abounding in mines of quicklilver. It is 159 miles from Pifca. Lon. 74 39 W, lat. 1% 36 S. GuAftDAFiri, a cape of Africa, at the entrance of the ftrait of Babelman- del. Lon. 52 5 £, lat. 11 46 N. GuARDiA, or GuAKDA, a town of Portugal, in Beira, with a bifhop't fee. It is fortified both by art and nature, and is 138 miles ^ of Liibon. GuAKDiA-ALriREz, a town of ifland, in 163Z. It was taken by the Naples, in Molife, with a biihop^s Engli/h in 1759, butreftored in 1763. It wjs again taken by the Engliih April 22, 1794, but retaken, Decem- ber n, the fame year. Bafl'eterre is the capital. GuADALQ.uivKR, a river of Spain, In Andalufia, which falls into the |ulf of Cadiz. GvADARAMAy a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, remarkable for its great trade in cheefe. It is feated on the Guadaram, 25 miles NW of Ma> drid. GuADiANA, a river of Spain, which feparates Algarva from Andalu- fia, and falls into the bay of Cadiz. GuADix, atown of Spain, in Gra- nada, with a bif hop's fee, 30 miles £ of Granada. GuALDo, a town of Italy, In An- cona, eight miles NW of Noccra. fee, feven milesLNW of Larino. GuARMA, a feapurt of Peru, lao miles NW of Lima. Lon. 77 49 W, lat. 10 10 S. OvASTAitA, a ftrong town of Italy, in the Mantuan, ceded to the duke of Parma in 1748. Here the imperial general Konigfcg, in 1734, was repulfed by the French, with the lofs of 5000 men. It is feated near the Po, 15 miles N of Reggio. GuASTo, or Vasto, a town of Naples, between the mouths of the Trigno and Afienella, in the gulf of Venice, 1 5 miles S£ of Lanciano. GuATiMALA, one of the three audiences of New Spainj bounded on the NW by the audience of Mexico, on the NE by the gulf of Mexico, on the S£ by the ifthmus of Darien, and on the SW by the Pacific Ocean. It In I7«i, it was almoft Ueftroyed by is computed to be 750 miles long and an earthquake. Guam, the chief of the Ladrone Iflands, in the N Pacific Ocean, loO miles in circumference, and fubjeft to the Spaniards. Lon. 145 ij E, lat. 13 s N. GuAMANGA, a town of Peru, capita! of a province of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee. It is 200 miles E of Lima. Lon. 73 25 W, lat. 12 40 S. GUANAHAMI, or CaT IsLAND, 450 broad, and is fubdivided into the provinces of Guatimala Proper, Vera Paz, Honduras, Nicaragua, Cof^ Rica, and Veragua. The indigo of this country is fuperior in quality to that of any other in America, and is cultivated to a confiderable extent. Guatimala, New, the capital of the audience and province of Qua- timala, in New Spain, with a bifhop's fee and a univerfity. It is fituate not one of the Bahama Iflands, the firft far from tht fite of St. Jago de Gaati difcovered by Columbus, in 1492, and named by him St. Salvador. Lon. 75 S W, lat. 24 10 N. GuANUGo, a rich town of S Ame- rica, capital of a diftrift of the fame mala, the former capital, which was deftroyed, June 7, 1773, by a dread- ful eartliquake attended by an erup- tion from a neighbouring volcano. By this earthqu?ice iao,coo perfons are La v-». ._. GCE _.,.-^t;; fuppofedtohaveperiflied. NewGua- timaia is 600 miles SW of Mexico. l«n> 90 30 W, lat. 13 40 N. G VAX AC Ay a fertile province of the audients of Mexico, in New Spain. It is bounded by the guJf of Mexico on the I^, and by the Pacific Ocean on the S. It contains mines of gold, filver, and cryftal. GuAXACA, a town of New Spain, capital of a province of the fame name, with a bi/hop's fee. It is noted for fine fweetmeats and chocolate. Lon. 100 o W, lat. 17 45 N. GuBXN, a town of Germany, in ]Lower Lufatia, feated on the Neilfe, ei miles N£ of Drefden.' GuBio, or EuGUBlo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, with a bi/hop's fee, 8a miles N of Rome. GUZLDXKLANO, OrGvXLORES, a territory of the Netherlands. The town of Gueldres and its diftriA belong to the king of Pruflia ; Ruremonde and its dependencies to the houfe of Auftria ; and Venio and Stevenfwaert to the States General. GuxLDRis, a town of the Nether- lands, in the territory of the fame flame. In 1587, the governor be- ■'kAlL.lKJ%VA'.«;:^ -r-. _j.Sl i-li; . GUI fome tf the walls of which are (land- ing. The fummer aflizes for the (ounty are alternately held here and at Croydon. Guilford is 17 miles SW oF Kingfton, and 30 of London. ion. 30 W, lat. 51 16 N. GuiLLAiN, St. a town of Auf- ilriaii Haiv.ault, teated on the river Haifne, fix miles from Mons. GuiLLESTREt, a town and caftle in the Alp», once belonging to Dau- phiny, in France. It was taken by prince Eugene in 1692, and is nine miles NE of Embrun. GuiMARAENS, a town of Portu- gal, in Entre-Doueroe-Minho. It has forrrieriy been the refidence of their icings, and is divided into Old and New. It is 165 miles N£ of Lllbon. Guinea, a country of Africa, of which little is known except the coaft. It lies within the tropic of Cancer, be- tw;;en 12° W and 8° E Ion. and is di- vided into the Lower and Upper. This laft comprehends the Gia'n Cuaft, the Tooth Coaft, the Gold Coaft, the Slave Coaft (which includes Whidah and Ardrah) and Benin. The lower part is commonly called Congo. The commodities purchafed here, are gum- fencca, at Senegal i grain, upon the Grain Coaft ; elephant's teeth, upon the Tooth Coaft } the grcateft plenty 0! gold, upon the Gold Coaft ; and all} in general, furnifh Haves. The Eng- iilh, Dutch, French, and Danes, have faftories here. There arc many little ftatos, whofe chiefs the failors dig- nify with the name of kings ; but ve.y few deferve that title. When they are at war with each other, the people taken, on both fides, are fold for flavcs ; and it is not uncommon fur the neareft of kin to fell each other. GuiNXA, New, an ifland of the S Pacific Ocean, to the N of New Holland, from which it is feparated by Endeavour Strait. The cocoa-nut, bread, fiuit, and moft of the trees and plants, common to the iflands in the S Pacific Ocean, are found here. The inhabitants make m.uch the fame »ppeatance as the New Holiandeis. •' J>-^^'^^'-^'' G U Z ^- This ifland, which is long and narrow, it extends S£ from the equator to iz° S- lat. and from 131 to 153° E Ion. GuiNCAMF, a town of France, in ■ the department of the North Coaft, 158 miles W of Paris. GuipvscoAy one of the three di- •■ vifions of the province of Bifcay, bounded on the N by the bay of that name, on the E by Wavarre, on the W by Bifcay Proper^ and on the S by Alava. Tolofa is the capital* Guise, a town of France, in the department of Aifne, with a caftle, feated on the Oife, 15 miles NE of St. Quentin, and 95 of Paris. GuNDELFiNGEN, a town ofSua- bla, with a caftle, leated on the Da- nube, I n miles from Ulm. Gum TOOK, one of the Northern Circars, in the peninfula of Hindoo* ftan. It is alfo called Mortinazgur and Condavir, and extends from the N part of the Carnatic, more than 30 miiec along the bay cf Bengal. It is fubje<£l to the nizam cf the Deccao. GuNTSBERG, a lown of :}i.<, in the margtav.tte of Burgaw, feated on the Danube, 16 miles NE of Uim. GuNTzENHAUSEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, five miles from WeifTemburg. It is feated on the Altmul, and is fubjed to the king- of PrufiHa. GuRK, a town of Germany, in Carinthia, with a biihop^e fee, feated on the Gurk, 55 miles £ of Sulcz- burg. GusTROw, a city of Germany, in the duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. It is the capital of the circle of Wen« den } the chief courts of judicature for the duchy are held here } it has an elegant palace, in which the dukes fometimes refide i and is 35 miles NE of Schwerin. Lon. 12 13 E, lat. 53 57 N. GuTTA, a town of Hungary, feat- ed on the Danube, oppofite the ifland of Schut, 15 mi'es £ of Piefburg. GuzERAT, a peninfula of Hindoo- ftan Proper, about 200 miles long, and 140 broad, formed by the Arabian Sea and the gulfs of Cambay and Cutch. The W part is muuutaiuuus •r* L 4 HAD HAG and woody, inhabited by a wild hardy race, and governed by rajahs of their own. But the largeft and fineft part is included within the empire of the Mahratcas. Amedabad is the capital. GwALioR, an ancient fortrcfs of Hindooftan Proper, in the province of Gohud. It ftands on a vaft rock, about fuur miles in length, but narrow and of unequal breadth, and nearly flat on the top. The (ides are fo fteep as to appear almoft perpendicular in every part j for where it was not naturally (ot it has been fcrapcd away ; and the height from the plain below, is from 200 to 300 feet. The only entrance im by fteps running up the fide of the rock. The area within is full of noble buildings, tefervoirs of . .wattr, wells, and cultivated land } fo that it is la little diftridi within itfelf. At the NW foot of the mountain is the town. This place is confideied as the Gibraltar of the Eaft. However, in 1780, major Popham took it by an unexpeAed nocturnal cfcalade. It is So miles S of Agra. Gyfhorn, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Lunenburg, feated on , the rivers Aller and Ifa, 35 miies N tf firunfwick* I! : ties of yarn are fpun here for the Nor- wich manufacture. It is feated on the river Bret, zo miles S£ of Bury, and 64 NE of London. Hadlxy, u village in Middlefet, N of Barnet. On the top of tlie church fteeple, which command? a beautiful view of EHex, is an iron pitch-pot, originally placed there as a beacon. Haggarstown, a town of Ma- ryland, in N Am'::rica, fituace in the valley of Conegocheague. It carrlej on a confiderable tiade with the weft- ern country. Hagiah, a town of Arabia De- ferta, 87 miles N of Medina. Hag UK, a town of the United Provinces, in Holland, which may compare with the handlbmeft c, ties in Europe, in extent, the beauty of its palaces, its ftreets, its agreeable walks, and its great trade. It is the court, though not the capital, of tlic United Provinces. As it is not walle<<, and fends no deputits to the ftatcs, it is called a vilLige only. In a wood near this place, the prince of Qrange has 1 HAI HAL palace, called the Houfe in the Wcod. brought from the province of the fame The French took pofTeflion of Hague, name in the Netherlands. In this fo- January 23, 1795. ^' " two miles reft is a celebrated oak, known throujjh from the German Ocean, and 30 SW many centuries by the name of Fair- of Amfterdam. Lon. 4 23 E, iat. lop. Beneath its fhade, which ovcr- ti 4 N. fpreads an area of jco feet in circuit, Haguxnau, a town of France, an annual fair is held on the 22d of in the department of Lower Rhine, July. formerly a free imperial city. It has IIainburg, a town of AuftHa, been taken feveral times, the laft of 6n the Danube, 35 miles E of Vi- ail by the French in 1706. It is enna. featedonthe river Motter, which di- Ha lb erst a dt, a town ofOer- videsit into two parts, 12 miles N of many, in the circle of Lo,wer Saxony, Stralburg, and 255 E of Paris. and capital of a principality of the fame Hailbkon, a free imperial town name. It was formerly capital of the of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtem- bHhopric of Halberftadt, now fecuia- burg. It has its name, Which figni- rized. The inhabitants brew excel- fies the fountain of health, from the lent beer. It is fubjedl to the king hot baths near it ; and is feated on the of PruHia, and is feated on the Hot- Neckar, over which is a ftone bridge, heim, 32 miles S£' of BrunfwiCk. 25 miles- N£ of Stutgard. Lon. 9 Lon. 11 24 £, Iat. 52 6 N. 85 E, Iat. 49 19 N. Haldenstein, a free and inde- Haimburg, a town of Lower pendent barony of the country of the Auftria, on the Danube, 25 miles £ Grifons. It confifh of a femicircular of Vienna. Hain, a town of Germany, in Mifnia, feated on. the Rhedar, ix miles NW of Drefden. plain, between the Rhine and the foot of Mount Calendar, about five miles in length, and fcarcciy one in brendth. It contains only two villages, Halden- Hai-NaN, a confiderable ifland of ftein and Scwils j and the whole num- the Chinefe Ocean, to the N of the bcr of the baron's fubjedls does not gulfof Cochinchina, and to the S of exceed 400. the province of Qnang-tong, from Hal en, a town of Auftrian Bra- which it is 12 miles diftant. It is bant, on the Geet, 24 miles V/ of 400 miles in circumference. The Maeftricht. inhabitants are, in' general, a ihoit and deformed people, and the colour of* their fkins is copper. There are mines of gold and lapis lazuli, which Hales-Owen, ^ town in Shrop- shire, inclofcd by Worcefter/hlre, fix miles E of Stourbridge. Halesworth, a town in Suffolk, laft is carried to Canton, to paint the with a maiket on Tuefday. It is porcelain. Kiun-tcheou-fou is the feated between two branches of the capital. river BIyth, has a trade in linen-yarn Hainault, a province of the Ne- and fail-cloth, and about the town is therlands; bounded on the N.by.Bra- raifed a great deal of hemp. It is 28 bant, on the NW by Flanders, on the miles NE of Ipfwich, and 101 of W by Arrois, on the S by Cambrcfis, London. Picardy, and Champagt 2, and on the Halib>j > Island, a barren if- E, by the territories of Liege and Na- land in the N Pacific Oceai), fo nanl'ed mur. It is divided into Auftrian by captain Cook on account of the Hainault, of which the capital is Mons J number of fi(h of that name caught and French Hainault, which is in- here. It is (even leagues in cii'cum- duded in the department of the North, ference. Lon. 164 15 W, Iat. 54 Hainault, a fot«ft of Eflex, SE 48 N. of Epping Foreft, fuppofed to be fo Halifax, a fortified fpapmt of called from fome of the deer, with Nova Scotia, on Chcbufto Bay. Ita which it was ftocked| having ken hajbour is large enough lo (hcltcr a HAL Ci]uadron of men of war through the winter. It is 789 miles NE of New York. Lon. 63 30 W, lat. 44 45 N- Halifax, a town in the W ri- ding of Yorklhire, with a market on Saturday. This town is the great market for fluft's, fuch as calamancos, everlaftings, &c. It i- a large pariA, containing 12 chapels cf eafe, and I2»ooo inhabitants. It is 40 miles HAM of Gotheborg. Lon. j% 48 E, lat. 156 39 N. Halstzad, a town in Eflex, with a market on Friday. It has a manufactory of bays and fays ; and is feated on the declivity of a hill, at the foot of which runs the Coin, 16 miles N of Chelmsford, and 47 N£ of London. Halteren, a town in the M- {hopric of M unfter, feated on the WSW of York, and 197 N by W of Lippe, 25 miles SW of Munfter. Lon. I 45 W, lat. 53 45 Haltwistle, a town of Nor- thumberland, whofc market is difufed. It is 37 miles W of Newcaftle, and 315 NNW of London. Halva, a town of the kingdom of Ham, a ftrong town of Weftpha- lia, capital of the county of Marck. It is feated on the Lippe, 24 miles S of Munfter. Lon. 7 50 £, lat. 51 36 N. Ham, a town of France, in the department of Somme, feated on tne Somme, 48 miles N of Paris. It has a ftrong c«ftle, in which fome mem- bers of the French national convention have been confined. Ham, a village >n " irry, between London. N. Haiitz, a town of Poland, capi- tal of a territory of the fame name, in Red Ruflla, with a caftle. It is feat- ed on the Dniefter, 46 miles S of Fez, feated on the Cebu, eight milei Lemburg. Lon. 25 19 £, lat. 49 from Fez. so N. i HAtLAKD, a province of Goth- land, In Sweden. It extends 60 miles along the W coaft of that kingdom, but is not above 12 in breadth. Halm- ftadt is the capital. Hallaton, a town ofLeicefter- ihire, with a market on Thurfday, 12 miles SB of Lefce4er, and 90 N by E of London. Halle, a difmantled town of Au- ftrian Hainault. The church con- tains an im^.ge of the Virgin, held in great veneration. It is feated on the Senne, eight miles SW of BruflTels. Halle, a conliderable town of Germany, in the duchy of Magde- burg, with a famous univerlity and fait -works. It is feated on the Sale, 40 miles E of Magdeburg. Halls, a free imperial town of $uabi«, famous for its fait- pits ; feat- ed on the Kocher, 37 miles N£ of - Stutgard. Halls, a town of Germany, in Tirol, Hx miles NE of Infpruck. Hall EI N, a town of Germany, in Qie archbifl)opric of Saltzburg ; leaied on the river Saltza, among the mountains, wherein are mines of fait, the chief riches of the town and coun- try. Ic is feveo miles S£ of Saltz- burg. Halmstadt, a ftrong feaport of Sweden, capital of Halland, fltuate on the governmeat of Aggerhuys, 60 4 bay of the North Sea, 80 mUes SS£* xnileif l^£ of Chriftiania. '^'^ear it 'a earl of jrated WSW Peter/ham and lCin> Ham Houfe, the k ' Dyfart, and HamWt by the poets. It is I., of London. Ham, West, a village or Eflex, where are the ruins of an abbey, it is feated on the Lea, four miles £ by N f f London. Ham, East, a village in EHex, adjoining to Weft Ham. A part of Kent, i I the parilh of Woolwich, lies m this fide of the Thames, and divl'its the parifti of Eaft Ham from that river. Ham AH, a large town of Syria, fcited on the river Afli, the ancient Oiontes, 78 mi'es SWof Aleppo. Hamame r. a town of Barbary, on a guK v,«f tiie fame name, 45 miles from Tunis. Lon. 10 15 £, lat. 36 35 N. Ham^.R;) a town of Norway, in •* '» «.irtv<".' ; HAM Hambledon Hill> in Dorfet- /hire, near Sturmin(ter. Here was a Roman camp, the antagonift camp to that of Hog Hill. HambukG} a free imperial city of Gctmmyf in the duchy of Holftein, confiAing of the Old Town and the New Tovm j both nea/ly of an equal ftze. The principal ftreets of the Old Town have long and broad canals. It is feated on the Elbe, and the Al- fter. The latter, before it enters the town by fluicea, forms a fine bafin. Hamburg is well fortified, and on the ramparts are handfome walks. Trom its fituatipn it has all poHible advan. tages for foreign and domeftic trade } particularly from its communication, by the Elbe, with fome of the princi- pal navigable rivers of Germany} and hence it is one of the moft commer- cial places in the world. It is 70 miles SE from the entrance of the Elbe into the German Ocean, and 55 NE of Bremen. Lon. 9 55 E, lat. S3 34 N. Hamxlburgh, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of Franconia and territory of the abbey of Fulde ; feated on the Saab, 28 miles SE of Fulde. Hamzlin, a ftrong town in the duchy of Calemberg, at the extremity of the duchy of Brunfwi :1c, of which it is the key ; Htuate at the confluence of the Hamel and Wefer, 25 miles SW of Hanover. Hamir8T£IN, a caftle and village of Germany, belonging to the eleftor of Treves. The caftle is feated on a lofty mountain, on the £ fide of the Rhine, two miles N by W of Ander- oach. Ha- MI, a country fituate to the NE of China. Though furrounded by deferts, it is accounted one of the moil; delightful countries in the world. Its rice and fruits, particularly the melons and dried raifins, are in high clteem in China. It is a kingdom, tributary to that country ; and its ca- pital is of the fame name. Hamilton, a town of Linerk- (hire, near which is Hamilton Houfe, the magnificent feat of the duke of HAM Hamilton. The town is feated on the Clyde, 10 miles SE of Glafgow. Hammersmith, a village of Mid- diefex, feated on the Thames, in the parifh of Fulham, four miles W of London. Hamont, a town in the bift.opric of Liege, 1 7 miles W of Ruremonde. Hamf SHIRS, Ha KTS, or South- ampton, a county of England) bounded on the N by Berks, on the E by Surry and Suffex, on the S by the Englifli Channel, and on the W by Dorfei .id Wilts. It extends, ex« clufive of the Ifle of Wight, 42 m'-Ies from N to S, and 38 from E to W. It is divided into 39 hundreds, and contains one city, sc market- towns, and 253 pariihes ; and fends, with the Ifle of Wight, 26 members to parliament. Among its various pro- duds, Hampfhire is particularly fa- mous for its excellent baion, and for its timber. Winchefter is the capital* See New Forest. Hampshire, New, one of the United States of N America, bound- ed on the N by Canada, on the, NE by the diflriA of Main, on the SE by the Atlantic, on the S by Malfa- cliufets, and on the W and NW by the river Connecticut, wh'ch fepa- lates it from Vermont. It is divided irto five counties: and its capital is Portfmouth. Hampstead, a village of Middle'* fex, four miles NNW of London, for- merly famous for its medicinal waters* It is feated on the declivity of a hill, OH the top of which is a heath thaC commands a delightful profpedl. Hampton, a town in Gloucefler- fhire, with a market on 'i'uefd y. It is feated on the Cotefwold Hills, 14 miles S of Gioucefter, and 90 W of London. Hampton, a town of Virginia, on James River. Hampton, a feaport of N Amc« rica, in New Hampfhire, 40 miles N of Boftun. Lon. 74 o W, lat* 43 5 N. Hampton, a village of Middlefex, famous for a palace called Hampton L6 HAN Court, built by carc'nal Wolfey, who gave it to Henry VIII. The build- ings, garde.i3, auJ parks, to which king William made many additions, are four miles in circumference, nnd ifeated oii the Thames, 14 miles SW of London* y^' Hanau, a ftro^g town of Gcrma- ny) in tht circle of the Lower Rhine, capital of a county of ^lie lame name, which belongs to its own prince. It is divided into two towns, the Old and the New, and is feated near the Maine, 18 miles NE of Danhftadt. Lon. 8 55 E, lat. 49 56 N. ^The county is bounded on the £ by the county of Rheinec and the territory of Fulde ; on the W by the <;^ounties of Welflemburg and Solms; and on the N and S by the territories of Mentx and Francfort. Hang-tchiou-fou, the capi- tal of the province of Tche-kiang, in China. It is four leagues in circum- ference, excluAve of its fuburbs, and contains more than a million of inha« bitants. It is feated on a fmall lake called Si-hou ; has under its jurifdic- tion feven cities of the fecond and third ciafs ; and is Lon. Z25 miles SE 120 20 £, lat; of 3'5 Nan- king. ziN. Hanover, a city of Germany, capital of the king of Great Britain's German dominions. The French took it in 1757, but were foon after expelled. It is feated on the Leina, which divides it in two; 25 miles W of Brunfwick. Lun. 10 5 £, lat. 52 25 N. Hanovir, an eleftorate of Ger- many, in the circle of Lower Saxony. It contains the duchies of Zell, Saxe- Lawenburg, Bremen, Lunenburg, and the principalities of Verden, Gruben- hagen, and Oberwald. They lie moft- ly between the Wefer and Elbe, and extend 200 miles in length from SW, but the breadth is different, being in fome places 1 50 miles, and in others but 50. Hanover, a town of Virginia, on York River. Hanover, Nr.w, a large ifland, lii the S Paciiic Ocean, oppofi^e the HAR NW extremity of New Ir»;land. It is high, and covered with trees, among which are many beauiifu! plantations. HAN-TCHONG-Foe, a large and populous city of China, in the province of Chenfi. It has 16 cities of the fecond and third clafs ander its jurif. didlion, and is feated on the rivet Han, 845 miles SW of Pekin. Lon. 106 55 E, lat 3* 45 N. Hanuye, a town of Auftrian Bra- bant, 20 miles S£ of Louvain. Han-yang-fou, a populous and comitierclal' city of China, in the pro- vince of Hoa-quang. It has one city under its jurifdi6tion. Hapaex, the name »/f four of the Friendly Iflands in the S Pacific Ocean, connected by a reef of coral rocks, dry at low-water. The plantations are nu- merous and extenfive ; and foroe are inclofed in fuch a manner, that the fsnces, running parallel to each otiscr, form fpacious public reads. See Fkiendly Islands. Hapsal, a feaport of the govern- ment of Revel, in the Ruffian empire, feated on the Baltic, five miles SW ot' Revel. Lon. 22 47 E, lat. 59 4 N. Hapsburg, a caftle, now in ruin?, on a lofty eminence, near the town of Schiiitenach, not far from the river Aar, in the canton of Bern, in Swifler- land. This place was the cradle, as it were, of the houfe of Auftria, whofe anceftors may be traced to the begin- ning of the 1 3th century, when they were no more than fimpie barons of Swifleriand. What is left of this caftle is now inhabited by the family of a peafant, There is another caftle of the fame name, near the lake of Lu- cern. See Germany. Har BOROUGH, Market, a town of Leicefterfliire, with a market on Tnefday, featedon the river Welland, 14 miles S of Leicefter, and 83 N by W of London. Harburg, a town of the duchy of Lunenburg, with a ftsong caftle, feat- ed on the Elbe, oppofite Hamburg. Harcourt, a town of France, in the department of Calvados, 12 miles S of Caen. HakpirwycKi a town of Dutch .A»)<.',.- ^Jfi:i/i.'..^/;WJf>al le govern- in empire, lies SW of 59 4 N. vx rum, le town of the river n Swlfler- •adle, as it ia, whofe le begin- rhen they barons of this caftle itnily of a caftle of :e of Lu- It, a town Larket on jWeiland, 1 83 N by duchy of lie, fcat- nburg. ^ Irance, in I iz miles nf Dutch Guel<]er1an^> with a unlverlity. It ^as often taken and retaken in the civil wars of the 16th century ; and the French took it, and demolinied the fortifications, in 16" ,. It is feat- ^i on the Zuider-Zee, 32 miles £ of Amfterdam. Lon. 5 40 E, lat. 51 HarfleuRi a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine. Its harbour is choked up. The Englifh HAR wTth a market on Tuefday. It h«| only a fmall chapel, and a meeting* ' houfe. It is 24 miles SW of Nor- wich, and 28 N£ of London. Haklingen, a large and popu- lous feaportof the United Provinces, in Friefland, 13 miles W of Lew«iden. Lon. 5 14 £, lat. 53 9 N. Harlow, a town in EfTex, whofe market is difufed } but, on a common^ two miles from the town, is a famous took it by aflault in 1415. It ftands annual fair, on the 9th of September, at the mouth of the Seine, 36 miles NW of Rouen. Lon. o 19 E, lat. 49 30N. HarlebicK, a town of Auftrian Flanders, on the river Lis, tUrce miles NE of Courtray. Hah LECH, the county-town of Merionethfhire, with a market on Sa turday. It is feated on Cardigan Bay, and is governed by a mayor, &c. It has a caftle built by Edward I, almolt entire, and is 223 miles WNW of London. Lon. 4 6 W.'lat. 5 a 54N fur horfes, cattle, &c. called Harlow Bufli Fair. Harlow is 17 miles W of Chelmsford, and 23 N£ of London* Harmonosworth, a village in Middlefex, ic miles W of London^ and two £ of Colnbrook, remarkable for one of the largeft barns in England, whor-; pillars arc of ftone, and fup- a rock, on pofed to be of great antiquity. Haro, a town of Spain, in OM Caftile, feated on the Ebro. Lon* » 23 W, lat. 22 40 N. . Harris. SeeJLfwis. Harrisburgh, the capital of the H4RLEM, a large and populous city county of Dauphin, in Pennfylvania, of the United Provinces in Holland, me- morable for the fiege it held outagainft the Spaniards in 1 57 3> for ten months j the townfmen, before they capitulated, being reduced to eat the vileft animals, and even leather and grafs. The church is adorned with the fineft organ in Europe. Harlem .is feated on the lake of the fame name ; and to the S of the town is a wood, cut into delight- ful walks and vlftas. This place claims the invention of printing. It is fituate lo miles W of*?^mfterdam. Lon, 4 38 £, lat. 52 24 N. Harlem Mere, a lake of Hol- hnd, near Harlem, 14 miles long and the fame broad. It lies between Ley- den, Harlem, a".d Amfterdam J and is navigable, but fubjeft to liangerous ftorms ; on which account, the canals from Leyden to Amfterdam were made, as a fafer palTigc. Harleston, a town of Norfolk, wlthamaiket on Wednefday, feated on the Waveney, 16 miles S of Nor- wich, and 100 NE of London. Haslxnc; a town m Norfglki on the £ branch of the Sufquchanna* Lon. 76 55 W, lat. 40 15 N. j Harrodstown, a town of Ken- tucky, in the county of Mercer, on the head waters of Salt River. Harrogate, a village in the W riding of Yorkfliire, in the parifti of Knarelborough, remarkable for its medicinal fprings ; one of which is the ftrongeft fuiphur water in Great Britain. It is 206 miles from London. Harrow on the Hill, a vil- lage in Middlefex, on the higheft hill in the county; on the fummit of which is the church, with a lofty fpire. Here is a celebrated freefchool. It is 10 miles WNW of London. Hartford, a commercial town of Connedticut, in N America, feated at the head of the navigation on the W fide of the Conueilicut, 50 miles from its entrance into the Sound. It is 50 miles WofBofton. Hartland, a town in Devon- fhire, wlih a market on Saturday, feat« cd on the Briftul Channel, near a pro« moiitory, called Haitlaiid-point, z% HAS nlles W of Barnftaple, and 213 W by S of London. Lon*4 3> ^> '>'• 5' laN. Hartlipool,. a feaport of .the county of Durham^ vnth a decayed market on Monday. It is feated on the German Ocean^ j6 miles S£ of Durh" 1, and -? t .. N hy W of London. Lon. ,^ W ..'.. 54 4.7 N. HA'--T&t¥> « town of Northum* berlandj, V' r Tinmouth> where lord Delav . u cc<^fl">-\i£ted a haven) whence coal is ihipp Here are large fait, copperas, and glafs. works ; and a canal is cut through a folid rock to the harbour. Hakwich, a feaport and borough of EfTex, with a market on Tuefday and Friday. It is feated on a tongue of land, oppbfite the united mouths of the Stour and Orwell. Here the packet- boats are ftationed that go to Holland. It has a capacious harbour, and a dock for the building of men of war. The entrance into the harbour is defended by Landguard Fort, built on a fandy point on the Suffolk fide of the water, but within the jurifdidtion of EfTex. Here is only a chapel of eafe to Dover- court, two miles diftant. Harwich is 4a miles £ by N of Chelmsford, and jz £N£ of London. Lon. i 25 £, lat. 52 oN. Haslimere, a borough of Surry, with a market on Tuefday, 12 miles SW of Guilford, and 42 s'w of Lon- don. Has LINDEN, a town of Lancashire, with a market on Wed nefday, 16 miles N by W of Manchefter, and 106 NNW of London. Hasselt, a town of the United Provinces, in Overyffel, feated on the Vecht, five miles from Zwoll. Hasselt, a town in the territory of Liege, feated on the Demer, 14 miles N W of Maeftricht. Hastings, a borough of SulTex, with a market on Wednefday and Sa- turday. It is one of the Cinque-ports, and noted for being the place winere William the Conqueror landed. It had a caftle, now in ruins, and is 24 miles E of Lewes, and 64 SE of London* Lon* o 46 £| lat. jO 52 N* HAV Ha T r I z L D, a town of Herts, witli a market on Thurfday. It belonged to the fee of Ely, but was alienated to the crown in the reign of Elifabeth. Hence EJifabeth was conduced to afcend the throne. King James exchanged this royal demefne with fir Robert Cecil, afterward earl of Salilbury, for Theobalds. On the fite of the ancient epifcopal palace, that nobleman built the prefent magnificent feat of the marquis of Saliibury, called Hatfield Houfe. It is feated on the river Lea, 20 miles NNW of London. HATriELD-BROAO-OAK, Or HATFiiLD-REGis,a townof Effex, with a market on Saturday, 30 miles ENE of London* Hathekly, a town of Dcvonihire, with a market on Friday, 26 miles NW of Exeter, and 201 Why Sof London. Hattem, a town of Dutch GucI. derland, feated on the Yffel, five miles SW of Zwoll. It was taken by the French in 1672, who demoliflied the fortifications. Hattencen, a town of Weft- phalia, in the county of Marck, feat- ed on the Roer. Lon. 7 14 E, lat. 51 17 N. Hatuan, a town and fort of Up- per Hungary, feated on a mountain, 28 miles N£ of Btda. Havanna, a feaport on the NW part of Cuba. It is famous for its har- bour, which is well defended by forts. It is the capital of the ifland, and was taken by the Engliih in 1762, but re- ftored in 1763. Lon. 82 13 W, lat. 23 12 N. Havant, a town of Hampfliire, with a market on Saturday, feven miles NE of Portfmouth, and 64 W by S of London. Havslbirg, a town of Germany, in the electorate of Brandenburg, with a fecularized bifhop's fee. It is feat< ed on the Havel, 37 miles NW of Brandenburg. Haverford West, the county- town of Pembrokefhire, with a market on Tuefday and Saturday. It It a town and county of itfelf, feated oa the fide of a hill, on a creek of Mil* HAY ford-Haven> over which Is a ftone bridge. Ic contains three churches, has a confiderable trade, and fends one member to parliament. It is 15 miles S by E of St. David's, and 239 W by N of London. Lon. 5 o W, lat. 51 50 N. HAViRiLLy a town of Suffbllc, with a marlcet on Wednefday. It has a great manufa£tory of checks, cot- tuns, and fuftians, and is 59 miles N£ of London. Havsring Bowck, a village of ElText in the parifh of Hornchurch, and liberty of Havering i once the feat of a royal palace, in which di^d Joan queen of Henry IV. It is three miles N£ of Rumford. Havri-os-Gracz, a feaport of France, in the department of Lower Seine, with a ftrong citadel, and a good arfenai. It was bombarded by the Englifli in 1694 and 1759, and is feat- ed at the mouth of the Seine, 45 miles W of Rouen, and X12 NE of Paris. Lon. 1 1 £, lat. 49 29 N. Haute-rive, a town of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, feated on the river Arriege, 10 miles S of Touloufe. Hautvillizks, a town of France, in the department of Marne, feated on the Marne, 20 miles from Rheims. Hawick, a town of Roxburghdiire, feated on the Tivot, 1 5 miles SW of Kelfo. Hawkshxad, a town of Lanca- Ihire, with a market on Monday, 24 miles NN^ of Lancafter, and 273 of London. Haws-Watir, a lalf.e of Weft- morland, S of Penrith. It is three miles long, half a mile over i.i fome places, and is almoft divided in the middle by a promontory. Hay, a town of Brecknockihire, with a market on Saturday, feated be- tween the Wyll and Dulas, 15 -miles NE of Bveckiiock, and 151 W by S of London. Have, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, feated on the Creufe, 25 miles from Tours, and 135 SW of Paris. Haylsham, atownof Suflcx) with HEI a market on Saturday, it miles E of Lewes, and 58 SE of London. HsADFoao, a town of Ireland, in the county of Galway, 12 milei N of Galway* Head or Elk, a town of Mary' land, fituate near the head of the bay of Chefapeak, on a fmall river of the fame name. Hz A N, a town of Tonquin, on the river Domea, 80 miles N of the bay of Tonquin. -* Hebrides, cr Western LANDS, numerous iflands on the '^ coaft of Scotland, the principal of v.'hich are Skye, St. Kilda, Lewis anr ''t< ris, N and S Ulft, Cannay. "^ > Mull, Jura, Iflay, &c. Hebkides, New, iflands in is S Pacific Ocean, difcovered ' Quiros in 1606, and conlidered as ^ jc a great fouthern continent, under the name of Tierra Auftralia del Efpiritu Santo. They were nextvifited by M. de Bougainville in 176S, who did no more than difcover that the land was compofed of iflands, which he called the Great Cyclades. Captain Cook, in 1774, afcertained the fltuation of the whole group, and gave them the name they now bear. They lie be- tween the latitudes of 14 29 and 20 4 S, and between the longitudes of 166 41 and 170 21 E, extending 12$ leagues. The principal iflands are Tierra del Efpiritu Santo and Malicollo, be niards } and the rich library was tranf- ported, partly to Vienna, and partly to the Vatican at j^ome. It was burn( HEL Bf Turennc in 1 674 ; and being de- fetUJ by the elcAor, is much decayed. It ftands on the Neckar, la miles N£ of Spire. Lon. 8 48 E, lat. 49 26 N. HxiLA, a town of Weftern Prufliaj at the mouth of the Viftula, tz miles N of Dantzic. Lon. 19 25 £j lat. 54 5S N. Heilegen-Havx, a feaport of Molftein, on the Baltic, Oppofite the ifiand of Femeren. Lon. 10 57 £, lat. 54 30 N. HxiLidE-LAND, an ifland of the German Ocean, between the mouths oi the Eyder and the Elbe. It belongs to the king of Denmark. Lon. 8 zo £, lat. 54 21 N. HiiLicENSTADT^a town of Ger- many, capital of the territory of Etch- fet, belonging to the elector of Mentz. It is feated at the confluence of the Geiflaiid and Leina, 30 mil^s NW of Eifenach. Lon. 10 14 E, lat. 51 22 N. Helena, St. in ifland in the At- lantic Ocean, belonging to the Engiifli £aft India company. Its circumfe- rence is 20 miles j and it has every appearance of a volcanic origin. The country, however, is far from being banen, the interior vallies, and even mountains, being pleafant and fertile ; and the paftures, the verdure of which is furprifing, can fupport 3000 head of their fmall cattle. The beef is juicy, delicious, and very fat. The liumber of inhabitants does not exceed 2000, including near 500 foldiers^ and 600 flaves. The town is fmall, and ftands in a valley, at the bottom of a bay on the S fide of the ifland, between two deep dreary mountains. It is wiell defended by forts and batteries. This liland was difcovered by the Portuguefe, in 1502, on St. Helena's Day. Af- terward the Dutch were in pofleflion ot it till 1 600, when they were expel- led by the Engiifli. In 1673, '^^ Dutch retook it ; but it was foon after fecovered. It lies between the conti- nents of Africa and S Americi, about 3200 miles W of the former, and iSoo E of the latter. Lon. 5 49 W, lat. i; SSS. HxLizE, St. the capital of th& If- HEL * ' land of Jerfey, in the Engliflj Channel, feated in the bay of St. Aubin, where it has a harbour, and a ftone pier. The inhabitants are computed to be 2oco. In the church, prayers are read alter- nately, in Engiifli and French; and there is a monument, eredled to the memory of major Pierfon. Lon. 2 10 W, lat. 49 II N. See Jersey. HEtiER, St. an ifland, near the town of the fame name, in the bay of St. Aubin, on the S fide of Jerfey, It took its name from Elerius, or He. lier, a holy man, who lived in this ifland many centuries ago, and (ras "flain by the pagan Normans. His cell, with the ftone bed, is fiiil fliown among the rocks; and to his memory was founded a noble abbey, on the fite of which flrands Elifabeth Caftle. This is the refidence of the governor and garrifon of St. Helier, and occupies the whole ifland, which is near a mile in circuit, furrounded by the fea at every half flood ; and hence, at low- water, is a pafliige to the town, half a mile long, and formed of fandjand ftones, Hell-Gate, a celebrated ftraltof N America, near the W end of Long Ifland Sound, eight mites E of Ne« York. It is remarkable for its whirl. pools, which are occafioned by the nar> rownefs and crookednefs of the pafs, and a bed of rocks extending quite a- crofs it ; but, at proper times of the tide, a flcilful pilot may conduct aihip of any burden thrbugh this flrait. Helmsdale, a river of Suther- land fliire, which enters the German Ocean, near the Ord of Caithnefs. At its mouth is a good falmon fifliery. Helmont, a town of Dutch Bra- bant, with a flirong caftle, feated oa the Aa, 17 miles SE of Bois-Ie-Duc, Helmsley, or Helmsuy- Blackmobe, a town of the N riding of Yorkfliire, feated on the Rye, with a market on Saturday. It is 20 miles N of York, and 220 N by W of Lon- don. HELMSTADT,a town of the duchy of Brunfwick, with a univerfity, aa miles N£ of Brunfwick. Helsinburg, or Elsinburg, a feaport of Sweden, ia the province of HEN HER Schonen, featcd on the oppofite fide of the Sound, feven miles E of Elfinore. Lon. 13 2 E, lat. 56 a N. HcLSiNcroKS, a town of SwediHi Finland, with a commodious harbour in the gulf of Finland, 150 miles E of Abo. Lon. 25 o £, lat. 60 20 N. HxLSTONt a borough of Cornwall, with a market on Monday. Tt is feat- ed on the Cober, near its influx into Mountlbay. It is one of thofe ap> pointed for the coinage of the tin. Be- low the town is a good harbour, where feveral of the tin fhips take in their la- ding. It is II miles SW of Falmouth, and 274 W by S of London. HEi.voETSLUYs,afeaport of Hol- land, on the ifland of Voorn. Here fome of the Dutch men of war are laid vf in ordinary ; and it is the regular ftatioji of the packet boats from Har- wich. It furrendered to the French in January 1795; *^^ '^ ^^^ miles S of the Briel. Lon. 4 23 E, lat. 51 45 N. HzMPSTED, or Hemel Hemf- ITXD, a town of Herts, with a mar- ket on Thurfday. It is feated on a branch of the Coin, 18 miles SW of Hertford, and 23 NW of London. HENBURY,a village in Gloucefter> Aire, near Briftol, two miles from Sti Vincent's Rock. In this pariih is an ancient camp, Henley, a tow^n of Oxfordfliire, with a market on Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday. It is feated oA the Tham;s, over which is a new ftone bridge, and is 24 miles S£ of Oxford, and 35 W of London, Henley, a town in Warwickfliire, with a market on Tuefday. It is feat- ed on the Alne, 10 miles N W of War- wick, and Toa WNW of London, Henneberg, a county of Ger- many, in the cirle of Franconia. It is bounded on the N by Thuringia, on the W by Heffe, on the S by the bU ftopric of Wurtzburg, and 6n the E by that of Bamberg. It is divided among feven different fovereigna. Mainungen is the capital, Henneberg, a town of Germa- ny) in the county of the fartie name, with a caftle, 34 miks NW of Bam- Hen NX BON, a town of France, In the department of Morbihan, feated on the Blavet, zz miles NW of Vaa- nes. Henrichemont, a decayed town of France, in the department* of Cher, fituate on the Saudre. It was the ca- pital of a diftricl which Henry IV gave to the duke of Sully. It was alienated to Lewis XV, in 1767. The town is 1 5 miles from Bourges. Henry, Cape, the S cape of Virginia, at the entrance of Chefa- peak Bay. Lon. 76 5 W, lat. 36 56 N. Heppenheim, a town of Germa- ny, in the electorate of Mentz, with a caftle and an abbey. It isfeated be- tween Heidelberg and Darmftadt, j^ miles from each. Her AC LEA, a once famous feaport of Romania, w tinople. Herat, a town of Perfia, in Ka» rafan, 160 miles SE of Mefched. Herault, adepartmentof Francd, fo named from a river which falls into the gulf of Lydns. It includes part of the late province of LanguedoC} and the capital is Montpellier. Herbemont, a town of Auftrf- an Lujfemburg, wieh a caftle on a mountain, near the rivei Semoy, thrde miles NW of Chiney. Herb OR N, a town of Gernoany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine an4 territory of NaH'au, with a famous univerfity and woollen manufadture. It is eight miles SWof Dillenburg. Hereford, the capital of Here- fordshire, with a market on Wednef- day, Friday, aVtd Saturday, and ik bifliop*8 fee^ J^ is almoit cneompaiTed by the Wye and two other rivers. It had fix parifh churches, but two 6f them were denM>liAied in the civil wars. In Apiil 1786, the beautiful W tower of the cathedral, with a part of the body of the church, fell down) but it has been fince rebtrilt. The chief manufadure of Hereford is glovei. It is governed by a mayor, (ix alder- men} and a fword-bearer j fends tW9 HER fhetntien to parliament; and il 24 miles WNW of Glouccfter, and 130 of London. Lon. 2 35 W, lat. 52 4N. HxKEroRDSHiRi, a county vf England, bounded on the £ by Glou- cefterfliire and Wo»cefterfliire, on the W by Radnor/hire and Brecknock- ihire, on the N by Shropfliire, and on the S by Munmouthfliire. It ex- tends 35 miJes from N to S, and 47 from E to W. It is diviaed into 1 1 hundreds ; contains one city, eight market-towns, and i76patiflies ; and fends eight members to parliament. The air is healthy j the foil exceed- ingly rich. This county is famous for Leominfter bread, Weobly ale, and Hereford/hire cider} the laft of which is fent to all parts of England. HsRENHAUSEN, a palace near Hanover, belonging to the eIe£tor, with curious and extensive gardens. HfRXNTHALS, a town of Auitrl' an Brabant, on the river Nethe, zo miles N£ of Louvain. HsRFoRD, orH£RV0ROEN,afree imperial town of Weftphulia, capital of the county of Ravenfburg, with a famous proteftant nunnery, whofe abbefs is a princefs of the empire. It is feated on the Aa, 17 miles SW of Minden. HxRGKVNDT, a town of Upper Hungary, remarkable for rich mines of vitriol. The miners have built here a fubterraneous town. It is 65 miles N of Buda. Her I, an ifland in the Indian Ocean, two miles NNW of Ternate, It Is in a perfeA ftate of cultivation, and well inhabited. HxRiSAU, a coniiderable commer- cial town of the canton of Appenzel, in SwiHerland, noted for its manufac- tories of very fine linen and muHin. It is feven miles S W of St. Gall. Herk, a town of the bifliopric of Liege, feated on a river of the fame name, near its confluence with the Demer, two miles W of Maeftricht. Hermanstadt, alargeandflrong town, the capital of Tranfylvania, with a bifkop's fee. It is feated on the river HER Ceben, 15 miles E of Wclflemburj. Lon. 24 40 E, lat. 46 25 N. Hernhut, a famous place in Upper Lufatia, in the territory of the elector of Saxony, between Zittawand Loebau. Here, in 1722, feme perfe< cuted Moravian Brethren (defcendanti of the church of the ancient United Brethren, eftablifhed in Boh«mia and Moravia, as early as the year 1456] fettled in the fields of the village of Berthelfdorf, belonging to count Zinzendorf, and began to build another village. They were joined by fome proteftants, who had been bred in other focieties. They all agreej in adopting the confefTiuo of Angiburg, and lived as brethren, without quar- reiling about particular ientimentsj and when, after fome time, the num. ber of thofe admitted from other proteitant churches, became greater than the number of the Moravian bte* thren they took the name of Evan. gelical Brethren, or The Brethren's Unity of the Auglburg Confeflioiit They confidered count Zinzendoif ai their bilhop and father, and were, for fome time, called Hernhutters, at this place continued their principal nurfery. They were afterward e». tended into many difterent countries ; were introduced into America, in 1 74 1, by count Zinzendorf, and fet. tied at Bethlehem in Pennfylvania. Their focieties, which are now nume. rous in that country, afford the moft pleafing examples of piety and virtue, ofdecency and good order. SccBeth. LXHXM, LiTiz, and Nazareth. Hernosand, a feaport of Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17 5S E, lat. 62 38 N. Herstal, a town of the bilhopric of Leige, with an ancient caftle, feat- ed on the Maefe, three miles N oi Liege. Herti'ord, the county-town of Herts, With a market on Saturday. It is feated on the Lea, which is here na- vigable foi barges, as it w'^s once for fhips. In 870, the Danes erefted two forts here, for the fecuiity of their fhips } but Alfred turned the HES HIG courfe of the river, fo that they were left on dry ground. Here is a caftie, which has been often a royal refidence. The town fends two members to par- liament, and is governed by a high fteward, mayor, nine aldermei^, a re- corder, Sec. Here were formerly five churches, but now only two-. Hert- ford is two miles W by S of Ware, and 21 N of London. Lon. o i £> lat. 51 50 N. Hertfordshire, orHxRTS, a county of England, bounded on the N by Cambridgeibire, on the £ by EiTex, on the NW by Bedfordfliire, on the W by Bucks, and on the S by Middle- sex. It is 36 miles from N to S, and a8 from £ to W. It is divided into eight hundreds, which contain 19 mar- ket-towns, and 1 74 parishes, and fends fix members to parliament. Though this county abounds with flint and chalk, it is found, with the aid of proper culture, to be extremely favour* able to corn. Indeed, the traffic of the county is in corn and malt. HzRTzBERC, a conHderable town in the deflorate of Saxcny, 35 miles NWofDrefden. HxRZKCoviKA, a town of Tur- kifh Daimatia, capital of a diflri^ of the fame name. His DIN, a flrong town of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais, feated on the Canche, 25 miles SSW of St. Omer, and 165 N of Paris. Hesse, a country of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, bound- ed on the N by the hifljopric of Pa- derborn and duchy ot .^runfwick ; on the E by Thuringia; on the S by Fulde and Weteravia ; and on the W by the counties of NafTat., Witgen- ftein, Haczfeldt, and Waldeck. The houfe of HefTe is divided into four branches, namely, HefTe-CafTel, Fom- burg, Daimftadt, and Rheinfeld, each of which has the title of land- grave, and takes its name from one ef the four principal towns. This country is 100 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, and furrounded by woods and mountains, in which are mines of iron and copper. In the middle are fine plains, fertile in cori and paftvues. Heusden, a tkroag town of Hol- land, feated on the Maefe, with a caftle I eight miles NW of Bois-le- Duc. Hexham, a town of Northumber- land, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on the Tyne. Near this place, in 1463, was fought a battkf between the houfes of York and Laiv- cafter, in which the latter was de- feated. Hexham is noted for its ma- nufafiory of tanned leather, fhoes, and gloves J and is 12 miles W of Newcaftle, and 284 NNW of Lon- don. HsYDON, a decayed borough in the £ riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated oa a river, fix miles W of Hull, and 181 N by W of London. HxYTSBURY, a borough of WiltSy whofe market is difufed. It is 20 miles NW of Salifbury, and 93 W by S of London. HiAMEN. See Emouy. HiEREs, a town of France, in the department of Var. Its harbour be- ing choked up, it is now much de- cayed. During great part of the win- ter, the verdure is as fine as in the fpring i and in many gardens, green peas, iiiiy be gathered. The winters, however, have been fometimes very feverej particularly in 1709, 1768, 1789, and 1795. This town is 12 miles £ of Toulon, and 350 S by E of Paris. Lon. 6 20 £, lat. 43 5 N. HiERES, iflands of France, on the coaft of Provence. They are four in number; namely, Porquerollos, Por- teros, and Bagueau, which are inha« bited, and the ifle of Titan, the largeft of them, which is capable of cultiva- tion. Between thefe iflands and the continent, is the excellent road of Hieref. HiGHGATZ, a village in Middle- fex, feated on a hill, £ of that of Hampftead. Here is a freefchool, with a chapel to it, which is a chapel of eafe to the parifhes of St. Pancras and Hornfey. Highgate is four miles N by W of London. i h\ w ! HIM HtGH'AM>FeRRBRs, a borough of Worthamptoiifhire, with a great mar- ket on Thurfday and Saturday. It is feated on the Nen, and fends one member to parliament. It had for- merly a caftle, now in ruins ; and is 35 miles £S£ of Coventry, and 66 NNW of London. * HiXRo. See Fzrro. ' HiESMES, a to\yn of France, in the department of Orne, feated on a barren mountain, 90 miles W of Paris. HiGRWORTH, a town of Wilts, with a market on Wednefday, feated hn a hill, 36 miles N of Salisbury, and 77 W of London. HiLDCSHEiM,a free imperial tovvn of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and biHiopric of the fame iiame. It is divided into the old and new towns} and its inhabitants are Lutherans and papifts. It is feated on the Irncfte, 17 miles SSE of Hanover. Lon. 10 10 E, lat. $t 10 N. HiLDBURGHAUSICN, a tOWn of Germany, in a duchy of the fame name, in the principality of Cobourg. It is feated on the Werta, and is fub- jedt to the duke of Saxe-Hildborg- haufen, who has a palace here. It is SI miles N by W of Cobourg. HitLSBOROuGH, a town of N Carolina, 180 miles W by N of New- bern. HiMMALEH Mount, a vaft chain of mountains in Ada, which extends from Cabul along the N of Hindoo- ftan, and is the general boundary of Thibet, through the whole extent from the Ganges to the river Teefta j incloiing between it and Hindooftan, a traft ol country, from 100 to 180 miles in breadth, divided into a num- ber of fmall dates, none of which are underftood to be either tributaries or feudatories of Thibet; fnch as Siri- nagur, Napaul, ice. This ridge was known to the ancients by the names of Imaus and the Indian Caucafus* The natives now call it Hindoo-ko ithe Indian mountains) as well as limmaleh ; which lad is a Sanfcrit tvord, ^gnifying fnoioy } its fummit being covered with fnow. ITtMCHTNBROOK IsLAI^O, one of the New Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon. 168 33 E, lat. 17 jjS. HiNCKLiv, a town of Leicefter- fliire, with a market on Monday. \i has a confiderable flocking manufac. tory, and is 12 miles SW of Lcicefter and gr NNW of London. ' HiNDELOPEN, a feaport of the United Provinces, in Friefland, feated on the Zuider-Zce, 20 miles SW of Lewarden. Lon. 5 xo E, lat. « 58 N. * HiNLOPEN, Caps, a cape of N America, on the S fide of the moutli of the Delaware. Lon, T5 2 W, lat, 38 47 N. HiNDOK, a borough of Wilts, with a market on Thurfday, 20 miles W of Salilbury, and 97 W by S of Lon- don. HiNnoo-Ko. See Mimmalih, MouNi, and Cabol. HiNDoosTAN, or India, act!e« brated region of Ada, which, in its moft extenfive fignification, comprifei all the countries between Tartary and Thibet on the N, the river Burram. pooter, and the bay of Bengal, on the £, the Indian Ocean on the S, and the fame ocean and Perfia on the W, It muft be confidered under the three grand divifions of Hindooftan Proper, the Deccan, and the Peninfula. Nin< dooftan Proper includes all the coun- tries that lie to the N qf the river Nerbudda, and of the foubahs of Ba. har and Bengal. Tlie principal fou- bahs, or provinces, in Hindooftan Proper, arc Agirnere, Agra, Caft. mere, Delhi, Guzerat, Lahore, Mal- va, Moultan, Oudc, Rohilcund, Sin- dy, &c. The term Deccan, which lignifies the foutbt has been extended to the whole region S of Hindooftan Proper } but in its moft proper fenfe, it means only the countries fituate be- tween Hindooftan Proper, the Carna- tic, the Weftern Sea, and Oriflaj namely, Candeifh, Dowlatabad, Vifi- Hpour, Golconda, and the weftern part of Beiar ) its boundary to the N be- ing the river Nerbudda, and that to the S the Kiftna. All the traft S of theKiftna, is generally called the Pen- HIN HJN coin throughqpt tjbe whole txsiSL known by the name of the Mogu| Empire}, is to this d^ ftruck in th4 name of the nominal emperor. Th^ prefent emperor^ Jewin Bucht, exiftf ill a deplorable ftate of degradation, o« the produce of a trying domain, al<« ^ ^ lowed him partly out of veneration fof ^is period, the provinces of Hindoo- his anceftors, and partly for the ufe of ftan were held rather as tr'ibttfary his name. Hindooftan now confiftii kingdoms! than as provinces of the of fix principal ftates, which hold a« fame empire. In 13981 the Mogul tributaries, or feudatories, fome nume- ■ ~ "'" rous inferior ftates. Thefe fix prin^ cipal dates are die Britilh; the Poo* nah Mahrattas } the Berar Mahrattas ; tnfutaj although its form b far fiom aodiotiiiiig that appellation. From a pure Hindoo government, the empire of jTindooftan became, at iaft, a Ma- hometan ftate, and continued to he fo, till the beginning of this century. The firft irruption of the Mahome- tans was in the year 1000. From Tartars, under the conduA of Tamer Une, invaded Hindooftan} hut the fonqueft of the country was not ef- fefted till 1525. hy fultan Baber, one of his defcendants, who, from this circumftance, was, in reality, the founder of the Mogul dynaftyj and hence Hindooftan has been called the Mogul Empire, and its chief, the great mogul. The Mogul empire was at the height of its grandeur in the reign of Aurung«be, which Iaft Nizam Ally, foubah of the Deccan ; My fore, or the. domiiuons of Tippoo Suitan ; and the Seiks : for, whatever verbal diftlndlions may be made, 4 compulfive alliance is at leaft a depen> dent, if not a tributary iituation. The Britilh poHeflions are Bengal, Bah^r* Benares, the Northern Circars, th« Jaghire in the Carnatic, Bombay, edfrom 1660 to 1707; his authority Salfette, the diftridt of Midnapur ia extending from 10 to 35° lat. and Orifla, and fome conliderable cefTiona nearly as much in Ion. and his an- from Tippoo Sultan in 1792. Chp nual revenue exceeding 31,000,0001. allies of the Britifti, who may be con* fidered as dependent upon them, are the nabobs of Oude and of the Carnatic^ and the tajahs of Travancore and Tan- jore. For the five other principal ftates, fee their refpedtive names j and fterling. A fuccefiion of weak princes and wicked minifters, reduced this empire to nothing } and the invafion of Nadir Shah, the Perfian ufurper, haftened its deftruAion. In the reign of Mahomed Shah, independent ftates began to ftart up; and, after his death, in 1747, the entire divlfion oftheemplre took place. It became for an account qf fome inferior inde* pendent ftates, fee Bundela, Bal^ LoGiSTAN, the Jats, RoHit* c u N D, &c. The inhabitants of Hin* merely nominal, nothing remaining to dooftan are computed at |o,qcc,OQo the houfe of Tamerlane but the city and fmall territory of Delhi ; and the emperors, from this period, muft be regarded as of no political confequence, otherwife than as their names and per- fons were made ufe of, by difTi^rent parties, to promote their own views. That the name and perfon of the em- peror were of ufe, as retaining a con- liderable degree of veneration among Hhe bulk of the people in Hindooftan, is evident, from the application made, at different tiroes, for grants of terri- tory, forcibly obtained by the grantee, but which required the fandliou of the lord paramount, to reconcile the tranf- Mahometans, and io«,ooo,ooo Hin« doos. The Mahometans, whom the Englifii io)properly call Moors, or Moormen, are reptefented, by Mr* Scraftoii, to be of fuch a deteftable character, that he never knew above tWo or three exceptions, and thofe weie among the Tartar and Perfian officers of the army. The Hindoos^ or Gentoos, are of a black complexion l their hair is long; and their perfon ftralght and elegant. Their limbs are finely proportioned ; their fingers long and tapering ; their countenances open and pleafant. They differ materially from all other nations, by being divi- «£ti«k to the popular opinion } «ndtbe ded into tribes or cafti, which arc Hi HIN l:ep% diftinft from each other t>y in- furmountable barriers ; they are for- bidden to intermarry, to cohabit, to eat with each other, or even to drink out of the fame vefTel with one of ano- ther tribe. Every deviation from thefe points fubjeAs them to be rejeAed by their tribe, and renders them polluted for ever. The members of each caft, adhere invariably to the profeffion of their forefathers. From generation to generation, the fame families have followed, and will always continue to follow one uniform line of life. To this may be afcribed that high degree of perfe^ion ponfpicuous in many of the Indian maMafaftures ; and though veneration for the praAices of their anceftors may check the fpirit of in- vention, yet, by adhering to thefc, they acquire fuch an expertnefs and delicacy of hand, that Europeans, with all the advantages of fuperior fciencc, and the aid of more complete inftru- ments, hzve never been able to equal the execution of their workmanihip. To this circumftance alfo is afcribed a ftriking peculiarity in the ftate of Hindooftan, the permanence of its iflftitutions, and the immutability in the manners of the inhabitants. The Hindoos vie with the Chinefe, in re- fft€t to the antiquity of their nation ; and the do£trine of tranfmigration is one of their diftingui/hing tenets. Their inftitutions of religion form a complete fyftem of fuperftition, up- held by every thing which can excite the reverence of the people. The temples of their deities are magnifi- cent ; their religious ceremonies fplen- did ; and the abfolute dominion which the Bramins have obtained over the minds of the people, is fupported by thecommind of the immenfe reve- nues, with which the liberality of princes, and the zeal of pilgrims and devotees, have enriched their pagodas. The dominion of religion extends to a thoufand particulars, which, in other countries, are governed by the civil laws, or by tafte, cuftom, or falhion. Their drefs, their food, the. common intercourfcs of life, their marriages, and profeflions, are all under the ju- HIN rfCIiCKeno? religion. The food of Ae Hindoos is fimple, confiftlng chiefly of rice, ghee (a kind of imperfeft butter) milk, vegetables, and oriental fpices. The warrior caft may eat of the flefli of goats, iheep, and poultry. Other fuperior cafts may eat poultry and fi/h; but the inferior cafts are prohibited from eating flefli or HQi of any kind. Their ^"«o«-* ade above, and keep off the fcorching rays of the fun. Lon. 44 15 £, lat. iz JD S. Hio, a town of Sweden, in W Gothland, feated on lake Wetter, 145 mile^ SW of Stockhohv*. HiftCH-HoRN, a town of Germa- ny, in the palatinate of the Rhine, with « ftrong caftle, feated on the fide of a hill, on the Neckar. Lon. 9 o £, lat. 49 28 N. JHiKCSHFX 1 of Fulde. Lon. 9 50 E, lav. ^050 N. ' HiRSBEKG, a town ofSilcfia, fa- mous for its mineral baths. It is feat- ed on the Bofar, 44 miles SW of Breflaw. HisPANioLA. SeeDoMiNGo.Sr. HiTCKiN, atownofHertfordfliire, with a market on Tuefday, very con- fiderable for wheat. It is 15 miles NNW of Hertford, and 34 NW of L6ndon. HoAi-NGAN-rov, a populous city of China, in the province of Kiang- nan. It is feated in a marfli, and is iflclofed by a triple wall. The fuburbs extend to i.i diftance of a league on •ach fiie f the canal, and form, at their eKtremity, a kind of port on the river Hudttg-ho. HoAiiG-Ho. See Yillow Ri- VXR. HoANG-TCHiou-rou, a populous and ci'mmerciai city of China, in the piovlnce of Hou-^uaiig. Its difthit HOL contains one city of the fecond and eight of the third dafs. HocHBxao, a marqulfate of Brif. gaw, in Suabia, belonging to the prince of Baden Dourlach* HocHSTET, a town of Suabia, re- markable for the great battle gained near it by the duke of Marlborough, in 1704, and which the Englifh call the battle of Blenheim, from a village three miles SW of this. place. It is feated on the Danube, ^rx miles NE of Ulm. .HooDxsDON, a town of Ilertt, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated near the Lea, In the pari/hci jf Amwell and Broxburn, ? 7 miles N of London, and three S c f ' ' 'are. HoKi-TCHKOLr, a ifv of China', in the province r-f Kia .j ; /Jin, famous for its t3a, v.iirjlh, ai.ct uigravings. It is one cf the r'»:* «ft cities in the empire* and has ,'<,;: v.L"S of the third clar-- dependant o'« It, irtOEi-Trrcbr F.ttj,, a commer- cial city jt" ■.Vma, i.. ' iiC prcvince of Quaif'tonj. Its j'.!!;ifdi£tion contains XI ciues of the^fecund and third clafs. Hr:?ivd. HoESHT, a town of Gfmany, in the cleftorate of Menvz, feated on the Maine, three miles from Francfort. HoGUE, Cape La, on the NW point of Normandy, near which admi- ral Rooke burnt 13 French men of war, in 1692. Lorit i 52 W, lat. 4945N. Ho-KIEN-Fou, a city of China^ in\he province of Pc^tcheli. It has two cities of the fecond and 1 5 of the third clafs in its diftridt. It is 125 miles S of Pekin. HoLBEACH, a town in Lincoln- fhire, with a market on Thurfday, 12 miles S of Bofton, and loS N of L«ndon. ' HoLDiRNEss, a divifion of theE riding of Yorkfliire, remarkable for its large breed of horned cattle and horfes. HoLDSwoRTHY, a town in De- vonfhire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated between twv brwiches if .v.i.i.-yv^ HOL HOL fecond and Ifate of Brif> ging to the t* )f Soabia, ie< battle gained Marlborough, e Englifh call from a village (.place. It is 7% miles NE gm of Ilertt, lurfday. It is the priftes of 57 miles N of ■'■''aie. ^ .^ citN of China', ijf .?r4n, famous iu lat. 43 41 S, to within 10 30 of the equator ; and from i jo 30 to 1 53 30 E loA. fo that its fquare furface confideia- biycxceedsthatof Europe, In the be> ginning of the laft century, the N and W coafts were traced by the Dutch •. tho S extremity was difcovered by Taf- man, in 1642. Captain Cook, 1770, explored the £ and NE f 380 S, and afcertaincd its fepara 1 from New Guinea; and, in < 3, capt. Furneaux, by connecting i'. man's difcovcries with capt. Ct completed the circuit. See Wa New South. Holm Abbey, a town oi berland, with a market on Saturaay* It is fo called, from an abbey that for- merly ftood here, and is fcated on Rn arm of the fea, la miles N of Cocker- mouth, and 310 NNW of London. Holmesoale, a woody tradl in Surry, lying immediately beneath "^ho hills to the S and E of that couiuy, and extending into Kent. Red deer are ftlll found here j and it abounds wiih the holm oak. HoL STEIN, a duchy of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, fub~ jcdl lo the king of Denmark. 1 1 is bound'jd on the N by Slefwick, on M .vS, KS, ^i.m- I 11 1 I m llil If OL H © N dtheiS by the Baltic and the duchy of working of copper, tnakingf hra&iiire •Swe Lawenburg, on ^t S by the paper, and fnufF, »nd ; fpl.-miag cot* ..v^uchiei of Bremrn and Lunenburg, ton. It is lo inilcs'£ of-St. Afaph >and on die W by the German and tii NE of London. ' vOceaa. 'Jt is ico miles in length, Hombvkg, a toiim of Germany :and 50 in breaddi. The duke of in the iandgravate of JieHc, 60 mHes !ririce of the empire. NW of Francfort. ' The diftri£l of Kiel, was furoierly in ^ HoMBU£G,.ifl 'town of Germany •the poiTeffion of the line of Holftein in the duchy of Deux-Ponts, 5omilei Gottorp, and belonged to the late czar SE of Treves. ..Peter IHLj but, in 1773, the prefent Ho-kan, a province of Cljina , cmprefs ceded' it to his Daiiifli majefty, bounded on the N by the provinces of ■in exchange for the counties of Oiden- >Pe^cheii and Chan-(i, rjn the £ by -^})urg and Delmenhorft, wl ich ihe JUang.fi and€han-tong, on the Sliy £4ve to the bifhop of Lubec } fo that Hou-><;uang, and on the W by Chenfi. .-the king ofi:>enmark now pOfTeflTes the As every thing that can contribute to ^whole duchy, the imperial-rcities ex- renderacountry delightful, is found in cepted, this province, the Chinefe call it ^HoLT, a town in Norfolk, with Tonghoa, Tbe mUdle flotoer. It is, a market on .^{>aturday; 20 miles indeed, fituate almoft in the centre of tNNW of Norwich, and ixz VE of Chim. Befide Cai-fongfou, itscipi. jLondon. - tal, it contains feven cities of the firft '^HoLYHSA-D, afeaportiand cape of clafs, and loi of thefecond and third, the »fle of Anglefe^ the ufual place Homan-fou, a city of China, in of embarlcation for Dublin, there the province of Honan. It has. under its jurifdidlion one city of the fecond clafs, and i;^ of the third. It is too miles SW of Pekin. Hon suit AS, a province of New Spain, bounded on the N by the bay of the fame name, on the E by the being three packet- boait> that fail for that city every Monday, Wee .cfday, .and Friday., >wuid and weather permit- ting. .It is s 76 miles NW of Lon- !&w. rLonr4 t2 W, lat. 53 19 N. HOLT-list AND, an tiland, on -the coaft of Northumberland, ftx miles S Mofquito Shore, on the S by Nicara. .of B''''wick. It is two miles long, and gui, and on the W by Chiapa and -«nt la breidth. It has but one town, Guatimala. It produces, in great a- with a caftle, under which is a com- bundance, the logwood-tree, wluch, modious harbour, defended by a block- in dying fome colours, is fo;far pre- houfe. On this ifland, likewife called ferable to any other material, that the kluuii$fame, are the ruins of a mo- confumption of it in Europe isconfi- nadv'ry } and here was «Rci«atly aJbi- dec^ble. During a long period, »« ftop's fee, removed firft to Chefter-le- European nation intruded upon the •Street, and afterward to Durham. Spaniards in this branch of trade. Cut, HoiYWEtL, a town of Flintfhire, after the conqueft of Jamaica by the with a market on Friday. Although Englifli, one of the^firil' objedsof the in great- part a new town, it is become from its vicinity to the mines, the moft flourilhing in the county. It takes its name from the famous well of ■St. Winifred, a cop'ous ftieam bjirft- ing out of the ground, with great im- were felled, they removed to the ifla.id peluoftty, at the foot of a hill. Befide of Trift, in the bay of Campcacby ; the cold bath, celebrated for wonder- and, in later times, their principal lh> fut cures, formed at the fpring head, tion has been in the bay of Honduras, and covered with a beautiful Gothic The Spaniards endeavoured, by nf|y< Thrine, it is now applied to the pur- clution, and open force, to prevent che jp)Ofe of turning fcveral mills for the Englilh from obtaining any. footing ofl fettlers on that iftand, was the facility of wrefting'fjmc portion of this trade from the Spaniards. Their firft at- tempt was made at C:pe Catoche. When moft of the trees near this cipe pit;] HOd HOR that part of America. Bat, after ftruggiing againft it for more than a century, thedifafters of an unfortunate war extorted from them, in 1763, a confent to tolerate this fettlement of foreigners in the heart of their terri- tories. This privilege was confirmed in 17S3 and 1786, under certain re- ftriftions, and they were likewife per- mitted to occupy die fmaii ifland cal- led Cafina, St. Gsorge's Key, or Cayo Cafina. The capital of Honduras is Valladolid. See Most^uiTO Shore. HoNFLXUR, a confiderable feaport of France, in the department of Cal- vado!, and at the mouth of the Seine. It is eight miles N of Pont l^Eveque* and no NW of Paris. Lon. o 15 £} lat. 49 44 N. HoNiTON, a borough of Devon- Aire, with a market on Saturday. A dreadful fire happened here in July 1747, which confumed tlirce parts of Suabia, in the Blacic Foreft, and ia Kopc, a fmall river of E/Tex, which rifes near Laindon Hills, waters Sraaford-le-Hope, and entering the Thames below Mucking, gives name to a noted reach of that river. HoREB, a mountain of Arabia Pe- trea, at the foot of which is a monaf- tery, where a biihop of the Greek church refides. Horn, a confiderable town of the United Provinces, in N Holland, with a good harbour. It is feated on the Zuider-Zee, 13 miles NE of Amfter- dam. Lon. 4 59 £, lat. 52 38 N, Horn, the capital of a county of the fame name, in the bifliopric of Liege. Lon. 5 55 E, lat. 51 12 N. HoRNBACH, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Deux-Ponts, feated on the Horn, with an abbey, five miles SE of Deux Fonts. Horn BERG, an ancient town of tlie town. Here is a large manufac- tory of bonelace. Ju ft before the en- trance into the town, from London, is a liill, which commands one of the moft beautiful profpefts in the Icing- dom. Honiton ii feated on the Otter, 16 miles E of Exeter, an^d ij6 W by S of London. Hood Island, an ifland in the S Pacific Ocean, the moft northern ojf' the Marquefas, difcovered by captairt toolc, in 1774. ^''"' '3* 47 W, lat. 9 z6 S. HooGLY, a city of Bengal, now nearly in ruins, but poireiling many vcf- tlges of former greatmfs. In the be- ginning of this century, it was the great mart of the export trade of Ben- gal to Europe. It is feated on an arm the duchy of Wlrtemburg, with a for- trcfs on a mountain. It is feated on the river Gutlafh, 21 miles N£ of Friburg. Horn, Cafe, the moft fouthern part of Tierra-deUFuego, in S Ame- rica, round which all Hiips now pafs that fail into the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 67 26 W, lat. 55 58 N. HoRNCASTLE, a town in Lincoln- /hire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the river Bane, 20 miles E of Lincoln, and 136 N of London. Hc^sNCHURCH, a village in EHex, the only pari/h in the liberty of Have- ring. A pair of horns is afHxed to the £ end of the church, for which tradition afligns a reafon ton idle to be It repeated. It is two miles E by S of of the Ganges, called the Hoogly, 26 Rumford, of which it is the mother miles N of Cakutta. Lon. 88 28 E, church, and 14 E by N of London. lit, 32 30 N, HORNDON ON THE HlLt, » tOWn of EfVex, with a market on Saturday* It is feated on a hill, which commands a beautiful profpcA. It is j6 miles S by W of Chelmsford, and 19 E of is the port of Calcutta," and the only London. branch of the Ganges that is common- Hohnsea, a town in the E riding ly navigated by fljips. of Vorkfljire, with a market on Mon- Hoor.sTRATEN, 3 town of Dutch day, 40 miles E of York, and 18S Brabant, capital of a county of the Nof London. fimc name, 10 miles S of Breda. Hornsev, a village of Middlefex, Mz Hoogly Riv».r, an arm of the Ganges, formed by the union of its two wefternmoft branches, named the Coflimbuzav and YcUinghy rivers. It (1 \> i,'^. .,, i «,ii\VivV'» HOT HOT fcetwecn Hi^hgateand Southgate. Va- r'lrd with hill and dale, and the New river winding through it, there is not a more rural fpot in the vicinity of the metropolis, from which it is five miles N by W. Hon SENS, a fcaportof Denmark, in Jutland, on a bay, that opens into the Categate, 125 miles W by N of Co- penhagen. Horsham, a borough of Sufiex, m'uh a market 01 Saturday. Tke afllz s are often held here, and it is 36 miles SE of London. HoRTON, a village of Bucks, S of Colnhrook, where Milton, when he left the univerfity, relided five years, with .his father. Hottentots, Country of THE, a lai;2:e region in the S extre- mity of Africa, extending N by W, from the Cape of Good Hope, beyond the mouth of Orange River, and from that cape, in an EN£ direftion, to the mouth of the Great Fifli River, which j.arts it from CaftVaria. The fkin of the Hottentot is of a yellovvifii brown hue, refemb'ing that of an European who has the jaundice in a high degree. They have, in general, the fined fet of teeth imaginable. Their heads are covered with hair, more woolly, if pof- iible, than that of the negroes. With rcfpe£l: to fliape, carriage, and every innlion, their whole appearance indi- cates health and content. In their mien, moreover, a degree of carelefT- nefs is obfervable, that difcovers marks of aiaciicy and refoiution ; qualities, which, upon occafion, they certainly can exhibit. Not only the men, but the women alfo are clothed with fheep- fkins; the wool being worn outward in fummer, and inward in winter. They befmcar their bodies :\\\ over with fat, in which a little foot is mixed jp, and this is never wiped off. TIk y are likcwife perfumed with powder of herbs, rubbing it all over them when they bcfmcai themfelves. Both fexcs wear rings on their arms and legs. Mofl: of thefe are made of thick lea- ther ftra, , cut in a circular ffiape; and thefe iiavc given rife to the a!n>oft- umvcifally-i'?C!ived notion, that the Hottentots wrap guts about their legg, in order to eat them occafionaily. Their habitations are adapted to their wandering paftoral life. They are merely huts, refemWing a round bee- hive, from 18 to 24 feet in diameter. The highcft of them are fo low, that it is Ocarccly pofiible for a middlc-iized man to ftand upright. But neither the lowncfs of the hut, nor that of the door, which is barely rfiree feet high, can be confid«red as any inconveni- ence to a Hottentot, who finds no difficulty in crawling on all- fours, and who is, at any time, more inclined to lie down than ftand. The fire-place » in the middle, and they fit or lie round it in a circle. The low door is the only place that admits the light, and the only outlet that is left for the fmoke. The Hottentot, inured to it from his infancy, fees it hover round him, with* cut feeling the leaft inconvenience a> rifing from It to his cjes; while, rol- led up like a hedge- hog, and wrapped up fnug in his ikin, he lies at the bottom of hisliLit, in the midft of this cloud, ex. cept that he is now and then obliged to peep cut from beneath his (heep-flcin, in order to ftir the fire, or perhaps to light his pipe, or clfe fometimes to turn the fteak he is broiling over the coals. Such are the Hottentots near the Cape of Good Hope. Among other tribes, are the Bodimans, who inhabit the mountains in the interior part of ths country, NE of the Cape. They are enemies to the paftoral life. Some of their maxims are, to live by hunting and plunder, and never to keep any animal alive for the fpace of one night. On this account, they thcmrelves are purfued and exterminated, like the wild beafts, whofe manners they have afTumed. Some of them, v»hen taken, are kept alive, and made flaves < f. As ignorant of agriculture as anes arX. 52 57 N. Hkadisch, a town of Moravia on an ifland in the river Morava, 30 miles SE of Olmutz. Ht/A, orKAHUA, a large townof Afia, capital of Cochin China, wiih < royal palace. It is divided into two parts by a large river. Lon. 105 rE, lat. 1 7 40 N. HuAHiNX, one of the Society Iflands in the S Pacific Ocean, jo leagues from Otaheite, and feven in compafs. Lon. 151 i W, lat, 16 44 S. HvooERSFiELO, » town in the W riding of Yorkftiiie, witli a market on Tuefday. It has rifen up within this. century, and is the mart fornar. row cloths, called plains. It is 4% miles SW of York, ^'id 189 NNW of London. Hudson, a flouriOting town ofN America, in the ftate of New York. It is feated on the E fide of Hudfon'i River, on an eminence, 30 milet S of /.Ibany, and 130 N of New York, Lon. 75 20 W, lat. 42 23 N. Hudson's Bat, a bay of N America, lying between 51 and 69'' N latitude, and difcovered, in 1610, by captain Heniy Hudfon, in en- deavouring to find a NW pafTage into the Pacific Ocean. Repeated attempts have been fince made to find that paf. fage, but hitherto without effed. The entrance of the bay, from the ocean, after leaving to the N Cape Firewrll and Davis' Straits, is between Rcfolution Ifles on the N, and Button's Ifles on the Lr^brador coaft to the S, forming the E extremity of the ftrait, diftinguiflied by the nameof its great dif- coverer. This bay communicates on the N, by two ftraits, with Baffin's B ty ; on the E fide it is bordered by Labrador, on the S by Canada, on the SW by New S Wales, aid on the W by New N Wales. In 1670 i charter was granted to a coropaif, which does not confjft of above ten perfons, for the exclufive trade t» this bay. "I'his company pofiefs three (otts o-H the S coaft of James Bay, by whicli the S termination of Hudfoi ' Bif is diftinguiflicd. Thefe fadVories are tai- led Rupcrtj^ Moefe, tai Ait]ai}y4 *U ge town of na, wiih ,i d into two • 105 5E, in en< HUL they lie f om 50 50 to 52 O N lat. On the W fide of Hudfon^s Bay, con- fia!n, in Granada, widi a caille, 60 miles N£ c>f Granada. HuEssK|{, a tovn of Dutch Guel- derland, .on die F.hine, three miles S of Arnheim* HuETTA, a town of Spat^, in New Cadile, 6'/ miles £ of Madrid. Hutt, rr Kingston upon HvHi a town in the £ ridiog of Yorkfhire, with a market on Tuefday and Saturday. It is feated on the ri- ver Hull, on the N fide of the Huro- ber, and has two parifh churches. It was the fit/l town that fiiut it^, gates againft Charles I, but its fortifications ate now inconfiderable, whik its com- merce has increafed fo much, that it is probably the fourth port in the kingdom. The harbour, is artifidal, ceniifttng^ of A dtftk). iaid to be ih«. largeft in the kingdom. ■ llie ntobt^ ftone bridge, over the river to Holder- neff, was rebuilt in VfSjf and con- fifls of 14' arches. - Hull fends tw» ' members to parliament, and is ^^ miles SE of York, and 175 rf of^ London. Lon. o 14 W, lat. 53 4$ N.- HuLSTtafirongtownofDutchFlan- dcrs. It was taken by the French ifi' 1747 """^ *794« ^' '* iSCsiles NW^ of Antwerp. - HuMB£R, a river of Englandy^ formed by the Trent, Oufe, Derwent,- &c. It divides Yorkfhire from Lin«- colnlhire, and falls into the German ^ Ocean, near Holdemefs. HuMMocH, a fertile iflted of Afia)'< in the Indian Ocean, about fix miles ■' long. Here is a rajah, fupported iir^ his authority by the Dutch Eaft India Company. . It is five leagues S of Mindanao. Lon. 125 12 £, lat. 5 ' »7N. HvMDsrx.i.n, atown of Silefia, feated on the Wide, eight miles NE - of Brellaw. HvNGAXY, a kingdom of Europe, - bounded on the N by Poland ; on thtt W by the circle of Auftria } on the S* by the Drave, which feparatcs it fjrota Sdavonia, and by the Danube* .wkiclxh parts it from Turkey in Europe ; and > on the £ by W.ilachia and Tranfylva- nia. It is divided into Upper i.ad Lower Hungary ; to which may be ad'* ded tlie.Sannat of Temefwar, mcorpo- rated into the kingdom of Hungary in > 1778. Hurgstry .formerly included TfanfylTsniia, Sctavonia^. Daknada^ . Servia, and Walachia.* Tht princi« pal rivers are, the Danube, Save* Drave, Kaab, and Waag. The air is unhealthy, occafioned hy the lakes and bogs } infomuch that a fort al'>v plague vifits them every three or fouc . years. It abounds in all the neceffarics x of life, and the wine, efpecially that called Tockay, is excellent. There are mines of gold, filver, copper, and iron j and they have fuch plenty of game, that hunting is allowed to all.. Their horfemen are called HufTars, , and their foot, Heydukes. Almoit all the fcOWQS of Hungary have two names, the one German, aiid the other ilun- „TT5ri>-,^'„ Mii.'A'.W**",' ^: IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TAR3ET (MT-3) II 1.0 1.1 lii|2^ 12.5 ■ SO ^""^ Ri^Hi ^ |£fi 12.0 11.25 1.8 U 11.6 - 6" Photographic Sciences Corporation // M "^ ,\ :\ (v \ 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 1> <# ^ HUN HYP garian ; snd the language is a dialed of' the Sclavonlan. The government is hereditary in the houfe of Auftria, and the cftablifliel religion is popery j but there are a great numbei: of pro- teflants. Buda is the capital of Lower Hungary, and Freiburg of the Upper. HvNG£RFORD, a town of Beric- (hirc, with a market on Wednefday, k'edted on the Kennet, and noted for the bed trout and crawAlh in England. It is 64 miles W of London. HvNNiNGUKMi a town of Francc, in the department of Upper Rhine. It was fortified by Vauban, and is fcuted on the Rhine, five miles N of B.iil''. HuNMANBY, a town in the E ri- ding jf Yorklhire, with a market on Tuefday, 34 mile$ NE of York, and 209 N of London. Huntingdon, the county-town of Huntingdonniire, witl. a market en Saturday. . It is feateJ on the Oufe, over which is a Aone bridge. It had once 15 churches, which are now re- duced tu two. It fends two members to parliament, and is 16 miles W by N of Cambridge, and 65 N by W of X^ndon. Lon.oa; W, iat. 52 17 N. Huntingdonshire, a county of England, bounded on the W and NW hyNorihamptoiifliirejon theNE,theE, and SE by Cambridge/hire ; and on the SW by Bedtbrdfhirc. It extends 25 miles from N to S, and 20 from E to W in its broadeft p rt. The middle and wertern parts are fertile in corn, and finely varied in their furface. The upland part was anciently a foreiV, The NE part conflfts of fens, which join thofe of Ely. They are drained fo as to aHbrd rich pa(turage for cattle, and large ci ~ps of corn. The air is gooil, octit in the fenny parts, which ai\'. aguifii. Ihls county fends four members to parliament ; and the high ihcrilf, vvlio is chofen alternate- ,Jy froM C.imhridgeihire and Hun- tingdonHiire, i. fheriffof both counties. Hi. NTS ill., a town ii Somerfct- fhlre, at the mouth of the Parrct, tive miles N of Bridgewater, and 143 ■W by S of London. Lon. 3 i% W, lat. 51 n N. Ht;R D WA > , a town of the provlBce of Delhi, where the Ganges firft enters the plains of Hindooftan. It ic 117 miles N by E of Delhi. Lon. 78 15 E, lat. 29 35 N. Huron, a Uke of N America, which lies between 80 and 85^ W lon. and 42 and 460 N lat. With lake Michigan, to the W, it has a communication by the ftraits of Mi- chillimackinac ; with lake Superior to the NE by the ftraits of St. Mary ; and with lake Erie to the S by the ftraits uf Detroit. Its circumference is about 1000 miles. See Mana- TAULiN and Thunder Bay. Hurst CASTLE,acaftleinHamp. ihire, near Lymington. It is (eaid on the extreme point of a neck of land, which ftioots toward the Ills of Wight, from which it is diftatn two miles. In this caftle, Ch^i-ics ( was confin:d previoufly to his trial, HussiNCABAD, a town of H;n< dooftan, in the province of MaKv:i, but on the S fide '>f the Nerbudda, It is 140 miles NW of Nigpour. Lon. 77 54 E, lat. 22 42 N. HuscM, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, with a ftrong citadel, feated near the river Ow, on the German Ocean, 20 miles W of Slefwick. Lon, 9 o E, lat. 5445N. HuY, a town of the bifhopric of Liege, feated on the Maefe, .'2 miles SW of Liege. It has been often taken and retaken } and the confederates having reduced it in 1706, it was left in poireflion of the Dutch, who re- tained it till 1718, when they cictno- li filed the fortifications, and futrcn- dered it to the bifliop of Liege. Hyorabad, the capital of Gol- conda, in the Deccan of Hindrofljn, feated on a river, 352 miles N by E of Madras. Lon. 78 51 E, lat. 17 12 N. Hydbabad, a fort of Hindooflan Proper, in the province of Sindy. It is the refidcnceof a Mahometan prince, who is tributary to the king of Candw har. It is feated on the Indus, in the neighbourhood of the city ct NiiHir. pour. Lon. 69 ^o E, laC 25 19 N. Hypoliti:, St. atownofFra«c«, JAG In the department of Card, with a fort, feared on the Vidourle, la miles SWofAlais. Hythe, a town in Kent, one of the Cinque Ports, with a market on Saturday, It had formerly four pa- riflies J but its harbour being choked up, it has now but one. It is lo mites W of Dover, and 68 SE of Lon- duii. Lon. I JO £, lat. 51 8 N. !• J. TABLUNKA, a town of Silefia, in J the territory of Tcfclien, 30 miles SE ot'Troppaw. Jacca, a t)wn of Spain, in Arra- gon, with a bi (hop's fee, and a fort, feated on a river of the fame name, az miles N of Huef~ar.. Jaci-d'-Aguila, a fcaport of Sicily, 10 miles N by E of Catania. Lon. 15 26 E. ht. 37 27 N. Jaen, a town of Spain, in Anda- lulia, with abi/hop's fee, andacaflle, floated at the fiK)t of a mountain, 15- miles SW a( Baeza. Jaffa, a decayed town of Palef- tine, formerly called Joppa. It is 50 miles NW ofjcrufalem.. Jafnapatan, a fcaport of Cey- lon, 100 miles N of Candy. The Djtch to jk it from the Pottuguefe in 1.638. Lm. 80 <|S E, lat. 947 N. Jagarnaut., a famous p;igoda, in die peiiinfula of HindooRan, and province of Orifla. It is one of. the fuA objects of Hindoo veneration, and iin excellent fe:\ir,ark. It !ics on the biy of Bengal, a few miles K of lake Ciiiika, and 3:1 SW of Calcutta., Lon. S5 40 E, iat. 19. 35 N. Ja lat. 50 4 N. Jaghire OF THE Carnatic, a ti.iit of Ian. I, in the peninfula of Hin- d "(bn, lul'j. £1 to the EngllCiEaft India Company. It exten^ls along the bay ot Bcnj^al, frr-m M<\dras to lake Pulli- caieun he N, to Alempnrvi on the S, anj [it Csijoveram on lit* W> being JAM 108 miles along the Jhore, and* 47 inland in the vvideft parr. It coiitaln* 2440 fquare miles, and its annual re- venue is 150,0001. Jago, St. the largeft, and mofl popu.ous, and fertile of the Cape-de^ Verd Ifla'nds. It lies 13 miles W of the ifland of Mayo. Ribeira- Grande is the capital. Ljn. 23 30 W, lac, 15 o N. Jago, St. the capital of Chili, with a good harbour, a billiop's fecy and a royal audience. It is feated at the foot of the Andes, on the river Mapocho. L-)n. 71 5 W, lat. 3^ 10 S. Jago-de Cuba, St. a town on the S coaft of Cuba,, with a good har- bour, at the bottom of a bay, and ort- a river of the fame name. Jaco-de-los-Cavalleros,St»- a town of Hifpaniola, feated on the river Yague, 25 miles from Concep- tion de- la Vega. Jago-did-Entbro, St. a town- of S America, in Tucuman, feated^ on a river, 4,75 miles from Potofi*- Lon. 62 o W, lat. 28 25 S. Jago pe Guatimala, St. See. Gua.timala New. Jago- PE- tAS- Valles, St. a^ town of. New Spain, in the audience.- of Mexico, feated on the river Panuco. Lon. 100 o W, lat. 23 o N. Jago- Di- LA- Vega,- St. or- Spanish Town, a town of the ifland of Jamaica, where the alTemblyi and the grand courts of.juftlce are held. It is feated on the Rio Cobre, fevea- miles NW of Port PaHagc, on the; bay of Port Royal. Lon. 76 49 W>. lat. iJj 6 N. Jago-i>f.-Leon, St. the capital- of the dillridl of Caraccas, in S Ame« rica. Lon. 64 48 W, lat. 9 32 N. Jagodna, a town of Seivia, feat- ed on the river Morava,- 70 milts SE of Belgrade. Jaicza, a to\'m of'Tutkey in Eu- rope, in Bofnia, jo miles NE of Bofna-Serago, with a Arong citadel, feated on the river Plem. Jakutskoi. See Yakutsk. Ja.ma, a llrong fort in the Rviflian gjvennncnt of St. I'cterlburti^, oi> a M 5. J AH nvAr of the fame name, 13 miles NE of Narva. Jamagoxoi?) aftrongtown in the Rudian government of St. Petcrf- burgh, fested on the JamS} 12 miles NE of Narva. Jamaica, an ifland of the Weft Indies, diicovered by Columbus, in X494. It is (ituate in the Atlantic Ocean, 4CC0 miles SW of England, and is 150 miles in length, and 40 in hreadth. The general produce of this iHand is fugar, rum, ginger, cotton, indigo, pimenta, chocolate, feveral kinds of woods and medicinal drugs. In 1795, by the benevolent direftions of his majcfty, a great number of the bread-fruit trees were brought here from Otjheite, by the Providence fri- gate, captain Bligh, in order to he in- troduced into the different plantations. This ifland was taken by the Englifh in 1655, and is now the mol valuable of their Weft India colonies. The principal town is Kingftonj but St. Jago de la Vega, or Span! Hi Town, is the feat of government. The centre of this ifland is in Ion. 76 45 W, lat. 18 12 N. Jamana, the capital of a principa- lity in Arabia Felix, feated en the riv^.'r Aftan, 1 50 miles W of Elcatif. Jambi, orjAMBis, a feaport and fmall kingdom, on the E coaft of Sumatra, with a Dutch fort, i6u miles N of Bencoolen. Lon. J02 35 E, lat. o 59 N, James Bay. See Hudson's Bay. James Island, an ifland of Africa, 30 miles up the riyer Gambia, and three miles from its neareft /hore. Here the Englifh have a fort and fac- tory. Lon. 16 o W, lat. 13 15 N. James Island, an i/land of S Carolina, nppodte Charlefton. James I? land, an ifland of N America, in BaHin's Bay, between Davl?' Straits and Baffin's Straits, Lon. 62 35 W, lat. 70 o N. James River, » river of Virgi.. nia, which enters the bay of Chefa- pealc, I ear James Town. Ja.mes, St. an holpital and buty- ing-<;r.ur.d, near Bafj , in Swiller- J AP land, celebrated for a battle foHght hy 3000 Swifs againft an army of 30,000 French, in which only 32 of the for- mer remained alive, defperately wound- ed, on the iield of bsttle. Sixteen that efcaped from the field, were brand, ed with infamy, for not having facri- iicc'd their lives in defence of their country. James Town, a town, once the capital of Virginia, feated in a penin- fula, on the N fide of Jumes River. James Town, a borough of Ire- land, In the county of Leitrim, five miles NW of Carrick on Shannon, and 73 of Dublin. Jamets, a town of France, in the department of Meufe, 12 miles S Of Stenay. Janna, a territory of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the S by Livadia, on the W by Albania, and on the E by the Archipelago. It is the Thef- faly c ■ the ancients, and Larifia is the capital. Janna, a\own of Turkey in Eu. rope, in the province of Janna, 6a miles W of LariflTa. Janowitz, a town of Bohemin, in the circle of Kaufbim, famous fora battle, in 1645, between the Swedes and Imperialifts, when the latter were defeated. It is 48 miles SE of Prague. Jao-tcheou-fou, a city of Chi- na, in the province of Kiang-fi, feated on the r vcr Po, v/hich, at a fmall dif- tance, enters like Po-ya»-ig. It com- mands feven ciiies of the third clafs. Japan, a large empire in the moft eaftern part of Afia. It is compofed of feveral ifiands, the principal of which is Niphon. It was difcovered, in 1 542, by the Portuguefe, who were caft on Ihore by a tcmpcft. This em- pire is the richeft country in the world for gold. The inhabitants are naturally ingenicus, and have a happy memory j but iheir manners are diametrically op- piifiie to thofe rf the Europeans. The fcicnces are highly cfteemed among them, and they have feveral fchools at different places, in which arc taught arithmetic, rhetoric, poetry, h ftory, and aftronomy. Some of their fchooh at Meaco havce:Kh above 3000 fcho- JA^R^ JAY his. They treat the women with great a battle gained by the Swedes, in . feverlty, and puniih Multery with death. 1 656, after which they took the town. They fprmerly carried on a trade with It is feated on the Sainey 55 miles W of ' the neighbouring countries ; bvp now Lemburg. all communication is forbidden, except Jasxni tz> a town of Pruflian Po« with the Chinefe and Dutch. Their merania, in the duchy of Stetin, feat* emperor is called Dairo j and in the ed at the mouth of the Oder^ eighit'' minority of one of them^in 1150, miles below Stedn. when they hadtivii wars, one of the jAS ft>in Proper, in a fmall territory of the ing to this day. The Dairo is the chief fame name, fubje€i to a rajah, in the emperor, and confers the dignity upon - ftw'mct of Agimere. It is 680 miles the other, as if he were his vaflal. N of Bombay. Lon. yjoE, Ut. 27 ' The religion is paganMm } hot there 34 N. are two different ieds« There was Jasst, the capital of -Moldavia^ 1 once a great number of Chriftians in feated on the river Pruth* It is a weH"« different parts of the empire } but, fortified place, defended by a caftle ; . in 1633, they v/ete all extirpated* bat has been feveral times taken In the v The palace of the emperor is at Jedo, wars between the Turks and the Ruf- in the ifland of Niphon, and it is the fians or Aullrians} the laft ti&ie by the ' capital of the whole. The merchan- latter in 1788^^ who reftored it by the ' (life which the Dutch carry tc Japan are peace of Rekbinbach in Z790. In - /pices, fugar, filks, linen and woollen 1753, -it was intirely deftroyed Ivfiie, • cloth, elephants teeth, and habere but has been Hnce rebuilt. It is laj % dafhery wares ; for v/b^ich thry receive miles W of Bender. Lon. -27 35 E, gold, fitver, cabinets, and olher japaa- lat. 47 8 N. ned and lackerid wares* Jats, th»x,' once a powerful Hin* Japara, a feiport on theN coaft doo tribe, in Hindouflan Proper, to ' of the ifland of Java.^ It was the capl- whom M that remams is the fmall ter- ' talof a conilderible kingdom, till the titosy of Bhartpour, 45miles Wof A*' Dutch made themfelves mafters of it* gra. It is 253 milesE uf Batavia. Java, a fertile and populous idand Jargkau, a town of France, in of the Eaft Indies, lying S of the cqua- the department of Loiret, taken by the tor. It is geneially known by the' Engliih in 143!^, and retaken by Joan name of Great Java, to diftiqguiffa ic ' of Arc the next year. It is 10 miles from Bali, by fome named Little Java; S£ of Otlemr, and 70 SW cf Paris. and it is 420 miles in length, and ^ Jarislau. Sse YAROSLAr. of various breadth. It 'formerly bad ' Jarnac, a town of France in the «« many petty kings as there were department of.Chaiente, remarkable large townSj but now it has two king. for d vidlory obtained by Henry III doms only; one of which is under the (then duke of Anjou) over ihn Hu- king of Mataram, and the other under ' guenots, in I $69. It Is feated on che the kii>y of Bantam. The air is as Charente, 10 miles W .)f Angoulefme, temperate and healthy as in any part ' and 235 '; by W 'f Paris. of t!vc >.aft Indies. This ifland is * jAi(.MiTz,\a town of Bt^cmlnj miltly under the dominion of the fiatud on tl:e Ellw, 27 miles SW of Dutcli ; and, bcfide the native Java- Gititz. Jaroslow, a town of Aiiftrian Po- land, in Red Rviilia, with a titadoi. It is rcmarlt.iblc for iH r.rciz fair, and ncfiy it is inhabited by Chirpfe, Ma- layans, Ambi)yn(!i'c, Topaflci, Bu- gill'i's, 'linioiean?, «fcr. brought fron> d'li-nr coii;uric3 by the t)'.i.t.:lu In- i\J ICO J E A J740, the Dutch, on the pretext that the ruins of an auguft monaftery and the Chinefe were preparing for an in- cathedral, faid to have been founded furreftion, difarmed tliem, feized ail by St. Columba, where there are three their efFefts, and maffacred them to chapels, in which feveral ancient kings the number of 20,coo, men, women, of Scotland, Ireland, and Norway, are and children. Java is to the S of the buried. In former times, this ifl.ind ifland of Sumatra, from which it is fe- ■parated by the ftraits of Sunda. Bata- via is the capital. Lon. from 105 to ^llfi'^E, lat. from 6 to 8° S. Jawer, a ftkong town of Silefia, capital of the province of the fime name, with a citadel. It is 12 miles S of Lignitz. Lon. 16 36 £, lat. 50 58 N. Iborg. orlBERG, a town of Weft. was the place where the archives of Scotland, ^nd many valuable and an« cient MSS were kept. IVIany of thefe, it is faid, were carried to the Scotch College at Douay in France, Ida, Mount. See Candia. Ida, a mountain of Turkey in Afia, In NatDiia Proper, famous, in ancient fable. Idanha-jla-Nueva, a town of phalia, in the biftiopric of Ofnahurg, Portugal, in Beira, three miles SW of 10 miles SW of Ofnaburg. Idanha-la-Vella. Iceland, a large ifland to the N Idanha-la-Vella, a town of of Europe, 4C0 miles in length, and Portugal, in Beira. The French took 150 in breadth. For two months to- it in 1704. It is feated on the river gether the fun never fets j and in the winter it never rifes for the fame fpace, at leaft not entirely. Ihe middle of this ifland is mountainous, ftony, and barren } but in fome places there are Ponful, 25 miles N£ of Caftel Branco. Idri a, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Carniola, and county of Goritz, with a caftle. It is celebra- ted for its rich quickniver mines, dlfco- vered in 1497, and is feated amid moun- tains, in a deep valley, on the river Idria, 17 miles NE of Goritz. Id STEIN, a town of Germany, in Wctearvia, which is the refidence of a branch of the houfe of NalTau, It is 12 miles NE of Mentz. Jean, St. a town of France, m excellent paftures. Mount Hecia is the moft noted mountain, and is a vol- cano, which fometimes throws out ful- phureous torrents, The'houfes are fcattered at a diftance from each other, and many of them are Jeep in the ground, but they are all mifcrable huts, covered with fkins. Many of the in- habitants profefsChriftianity} butthofe the department of Mofelle, feated on that live at a diftance are pagans, the Sare, 12 miles W of Deux- Fonts. They are moflly clothed with the /kins Jean-d'Angelv, a town of of beads. The Danes trade with the France, inthe department of LowerCha- nativcs for hides, tallow, trainoil, rente. It was taken from the Hu- whalebonc, and feahorfes teeth, vvhich guenots, in 1621, by Lewis XUl, are as good as ivory. Iceland once who demoliflied the fortifications. It abounded in learning and fcicnce, at s) is feated on the Boutonnc, 15 miles time when great part of Europe was NE of Saintcs. involved in darkncfs. Their language Jean-de-Lone, St. a town of was the old Gothic or Teutonic, the France, in the department of Cole vernacular tongue of the Swedes, Danes, and Norwegians, before it branched into the feveral dialers fince fpoken by the natives of thefe three kingdoms. Lat. from 64 to 67 N. IcoLMKitL, formerly loN A, a fa- mous and ftrtile ifland, one of the He- brides, near the SW point of the Ifle of Mull. Iris three miles long and wic broad. It has a mean vilh^ae, ajid d'Or, feated on the Saone, 15 miles SE of Dijon, and 155 SB of Paris. Jean-de-Luz, St. a town of France, in the department of tiic Lower Pyrenees, the laft next Spain, with a harbour. This town owcb its opuIenQe to the cod and whale fiihfry. It is feated on a fmall river, near the bay of Bifcay, 10 miles NE of Foiita- r.bia, la milci SW of C.>yonnr, and JEH 3 1 5 S by W of Paris. Lon. i 40 1, lat. 43 »3 N. Jean-de-Maurienne, a town of Savoy, capital of the county of Mau- rienne, wkh a bifliop's fee. It is feat- ed on the river Arc, 1 5 miles S by W of Monticr. Lon. 6 20 E, lat. 45 17 N. jEAN-PlED-DE-PoRTjSr.atOWn of France, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, and late province of Lower Navarre. It is feated on the river Nive, and defended by a citadel, upon an eminence, at the entrance of thofe pafl'ages, or defiles, in the Py- renees, which, in this country, are cal- kd Ports. It is 20 miles S£ of Ba- yonne. JzD, a river of Roxburghfliire, which joins the Teviot a little below Jedburgh, at a place where the mar- quis of Lothian has an elegant feat, called Mount Teviot ; and near this, on the W fide of the river, are the beautiful ruins of an abbey, a part of which ferves for a pari fli church. On the banks of this river, are alfo feveral large caverns, ihc hiding places of an- cient border warriors. Jedburgh, a borough of Rox- burghihire, fituate on the Ted, near its confluence with the Teviot. It is the feat of the courts of juftice for the county. It is 36 miles SE of Edin- bui^h. Lon, 2 25 W, lat. 55 35 N. Jedo, the capital of the empire of Japan, fituate in Niphon, the largeft of the Japanele iflands. It is open on all fides, having neither walls nor ram- pants; and thehoufesare bui!tof earth, and boarded on the outfide, to pre- vent the rain from dcAroying the walls. It is nine miles in length and fix in breadth, and contains i,coo,ooo in- habitants. A fire happened, in 1658, which burnt down 100,000 houlbs, and in whiih a vaft number of inha- bitants pcrifhed j but the whole is re- built. The imperial palace is in the middle of the town, and defended by walla, ditches, towers, and baftions. Jedo is leated at the hottom of a fine bay. Lon. 139 30 E, lat. 36 10 N, Jfhud, or JouD, mount;tinb in the NW pan of Hindwftan Proper, JER extending from Attock, eallwar^ to Bember. They are part of the terri* toryofthetnountaineers,calledGickerSy or Gehkers, or Kakares. Jekyl, an ifland of N America^ at the mouth of the Alatamaha, ia Georgia. Jena, a ftrong town of Germany, in Thuringia, with a univerfity. Ic is feated on the tiver Sala, 10 miles. SE of Weimar. Jenisa. See Yenisei. Jeniskoi. See Yeniseisk* Jeno, a town of Upper Himgaryi 20 miles S of Great Waradin. Jericho, a town of PaleftinCy famous in holy writ. It is now called Herubi by the Arabs, and contains only a few wretched huts of fome Arabs. It is five miles W of the river Jordan, and 20 E by N cf Jerufalem. Jermah, a town of Africa, ia Fczzan, 60 miles SE of Mourzookt Lon. 17 17 E, lat. 27 5 N. Jersey, an ifland in the Englilb Channel, 18 miles from Normandy^ and 84 S of Portland. It is fubjea to the Engliih. It is 30 miles in cir- cumference, and contahis iz pari/hes. They have a noted manufaftory for woollen ftockings and caps, and are ftiU governed by the ancient Norman lawi. In 1781, the French landed here, fur- prifed the lieutenant- governor, and compelled him to fign a capitulation : but major Fierfon, the commander of the Englifh troops, refufed to abide by this forced capitulation, and attacked the French in the town of St. Helier, The latter furrenderedprifojiers of war j but the gallant major was killed in the moment of viftory. St. Helier is tlie capital. Lon. 2 xo W, lat. 49 11 I^. Jersey, New, one of the United States of N Ameri'-a, bounded on the E by Hucifon's River and the Atlantic, on the S by Delaware Bay, on the W by Pennfylvania, and on the N by a line drawn fiom che mouth of Mahak. kamak River, in lat. 41 24, to a point in Hudfon'3 River in lat. 41. It 19 161 n.ilcs long and 52 broad. It is di- vided into 1 3 counties ; its produce much the fan.c .ns that of the neigh- bouring; ihtcs. Trenton is the capital* JES IX A jEftr^ALEM, a celebrated city of mountain, near the river Jefi, 17 milei Pafleftine. It was the capital of Judea, SW of Ancona, and 1 12 N£ of Rome, after David had conquered the Jebuiites. Jeso. SeeKvRii.£s« It was taken by Nebuchadnezzar in Jtsso, Jxdso, or Yedso, alarge the reign of Zedekiah, -and the Jews ifland of Afia, to the N of that of v/ere led captives to Babylon. It was Nyphon, governed by a prince, tribu. afterward taken by the Romans, and tary to the empire of Japan, ruined, together with the Temple, 70 Jessop's WiLt, in Surry, in th« years after the birth of Chrlft, as had been foretold in the Scriptures. The emperor Adrian built a new city, near the ruins of ancient Jerufalem. It was taken by the Perfians in 6x4, and by the 8«rac«ns in 636. In 1099 it was retaken by the Ciufaders, who found- ed a new kingdom, which htted 88 years, under nine kings. Sa!adin, king of Egypt, took it in 1187. '^^^ Turks expelled the Saracens in 12 17, and Called it Hiliods/ that is. The Holy City, Ic is now inhabited by Turks, Arabs, Jews, and Chiiftians. It ftands on a high rock, with (leep afcents on every fide, except to the l4^ It is three miles in circum&ience, and includes Mount Calvary, which was furmetly without the wails. What renders itconfii,*rable, is the great re- fort of pilgrims ; for the inhabitants accommodate them with kxlgings and provifions, whkh is their chief bufinefs. A ba^aw, with a guard of janiHaries, always refides here, tu protect them from the Arabs. The churc^i of the Holy Sepulthrr, which the pilgrims come to vifit, is a large (lru£lure, wiih a round nave, which has no light but what comes through the top, like the Pantheon at Rome. In the middle of the nave, direffly under the opening cf the dome, is the Holy Sepulchre, placed in a chapel, which is fo fmall that it wiH hold out three p^rfons on their knees at » time^ At the entrance, on the right hand, is the table on which the body of our Saviour is faid to have been laid, after it was taken down from the crofs. It is two ft and a half high from the pavement, and is cover- ed with white marble, becaufc its vifitors were all fci- carry i.ig away a fmall bit. Jerufalem is ' 12 miles SW of Damaf- cus. Lon. 35 25 E, 'at. 3,1 55 N. JrST, a town of Italy, in Ancona, with a ijiiliop's fee. It is fvated on a pan/h of Stoke Dabemon, a fuiphu- reous fpring, four miles SW of Epfom, of a fimilar nature to that of Hsrro* gate. jEViRy a towirof Weftphalia, ca. pita! of Jeverland, a diftridl belonging to the houfe of Anbait lierbfl, with a citadel, 28 miles NE of Embden, Lon. 7 41 E, lat..5j;>33 N. If, the moft eaftern of the three if- lands before the harbour of MarfsiHej. It is well fortified, and its port is one of the beft in the Mediterranean. Icis, a town of the country of the Grifons, with a magnificent caftle, In which is a cabinet of curiofities, and a library. It is 23 miles SW of Ceire, Iglaw, a populous town of M'o- ravia, where they have a manufaftory of good cloth, and excellent beer. U is feated on the river Iglaw, 40 miles W- of Brinn. lGLESiA3,'a town in the S part of the iHand ot Sardinia, with a bijhop'j fee. JioNPouR, a city of Hindooftan Propei, capital of a circar of the fame name, in Benares. It is feated on the - Goomty j and, not far from the con- fluence of that river with the' Ganges, is the fort of Jionpour, commarding the bridge over the Goomty. It is now chicAy in ruins; although, for- merly, it commaiided the country from the Ganges to Lucknnw. The (tone bridge over the Goomty confifts of 16 pointed arches. On both fides of it are many little fhops, buiit of ftone. It is 49 miles NW of Benares. Lon. 84 7 E, lat. 25 45 N. Ilants, a town in the country of the G.ifons, capital o the Grey League, rcmarkabe for being the place where the general diet of the three leagues aflembl.s every third year. It ij iV.atPd on the Rhine, 17 miles SW- of Coive. .1 .« ,*(>lV,-.ii'» ILL TtCHESTER, a borougli of SofT)«r» fetlhire, with a market on Wcdnefday. It is feated on the Yeovil, and is a town of great antiquity, as appears by the Roman coins dug up. It once had tS churches, but now only two ; and here the county gaol is kept. It is : 6 miles S of Wells, and ;.,3 W by Sof London. Ildefonso, St. a magnificent palace of thfe king of Spain, in New Caftilc, built by Philip V. It has tery fine waterworks and gardens. Ildefonso d£ losZapotacos, St. a town of New Spain, feated on a mountain, 5omiIesNEof Antequiera. Ildirton, a village in Northum- birlaud, S of Woller. On a hill near it, is a femicircular encampment. Ilford, Great, a village of EfleXjOn 'he Roding, which is naviga- ble hence to the Thames. This place, and little Ilford adjoining, are hamlets to the parifli of Barking. It is fevcn miles NE of London. lLFRACoMBE,afeaport of Devon- ihire> with a market on Saturday. It has a fpicious ba/in, formed by a good pier prajefling into the Briftol Chan- nel, and is feated almoftoppofite Swan- fea, inGlamorganfhire, 49 miles NNW of Exeter, and i8t W by S of Lon- don. Lon. 4 5 W, Jat. 51 14 N. ItHtos, a feaport of BraHl, cap'ta! ofRio-dos lihcos. Lon. 41 25 W, lat. 1 5 5 S. kxucH, a town of Poland, In the palatinate of Cracow, rentarkable for its (liver mines mixed with lead, 15 miles NW of Cracow. Ille, a t-)wn of France, in the de- partnaent of the. Eaftern Pyrenees, 10 miles from Perpigran. Iller, a river of Germany, which rifcs in Tirol, runs through Suabia, pafling by Kempten, Memmingen, and Kirchberg, and falls into the Danube, at Ulm. IiLiNois, a river ofN Anrkcrica, which rlfes in the Weftcrn Territory, near the S end of lake Michigan, and takes a SW courfe to the Mjflil^ippi. between the Illinois and the Ohio, is the country of aa Indian nation, call- tJ the Illinois, I ME Illock, a ftrong town of Sclavonia, on the Danube, 15 miles from Peter- waradin, and 55 NW of Belgrade. Ilmsn, a lake of Ruffia, in the government of Novogorod. It has ? communication with lake Ladoga, by the river Volkhof. Lon. 34 o E, lat* 58 oN. Ilminstik, a town ofSomerfe^ /hire, with a market on Saturday, z6 miles SW of Wells, and 137 W by S of London. Ilslky, East, a townofBerk- fhire, with a market on Wednefday, 14 miles NW of Reading, and 53 W of Lcndon. Ilst, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Friefland, feated on the Weymcr, iz miles S of Lewarden. Iistaot, a town of Bavaria, aC the confluence of the Danube and Ills, oppofite Paflau. Lon, 13 37 E, lat. 48 17 N. Imenstadt, a town of Sualria, 29 miles £ of Lindau. Imiritia, a country of Afia, bc» tweeii the Black Sea and the Cafpian j bounded on the S by Turkey, on the W by Mingrelia, on the N by OlTetia, and on the E by Georgia, of which it is, properly fpeaking, a part. The prince of this country ufually travels from houfe to h(;ufe, living on his vaf- fals, and taking his food with his fin- gers 5 forks and fpoons being unknown in Imeritia. At table he is frequent- ly employed in judging caufes which he decides at his dilcretion, there being no law but his will. He ufually wears a coarfe drefs, of a brown colour, with a mufket on his fhoulder j but upon folemn occalions, he has a robe of rich gold brocade, and hangs round his neck a filver chain. He is diftinguifhed from his fubjedls by riding upon an afs, perhaps the only one in Imeritia, an^ by wearing boots. He has neither re- gular troops, nor artillery, but can col- lect an undifciplined army of 6000 men. His civil ordinances are ifTued on Friday, being the market day, when one of his fervants aicends a tree, and with a loud voice proclaims the edidV, which is communicated to the people, by c Kh perfon, upon his return to the i r^**'! <•»»",•. fi**' IND place of his abode. The inhabitants, eftimated at lo^ooo families, are fcat- tercd over the country in fmall ham- lets. They are without manufactures, very poor, and cruelly opprefled by their landlords. They are of the Greek religion. Their patriarch, who is ge- nerally of the royal family, can feldom it^ or write j and the inferior clergy are not better inftrudted. Their churches are wretched buildings, fcarccly to be diftinguifhed from com- mon cottages, but from a paper crofs over the principal door, and fome paint- ings of the Virgin and the faints. Cutais is the capital. Imola, a populous town of Italy, ia Romag.na, with a biihop's fee ; fl- tuate on the Santernoj 45 miles N by £ of Florence. lNCHCOLM,aniOandofEdinburgh- fhire, in the frith of Forth, near the coad of Fife. Here are the fine ruins of a monaftery, founded, in 1123, ^Y Alexander I, in gratitude, it is faid, for his efcape, when driven here in a tempeft, and for the hofpitab.'e treat- ffloent he received from a hermit. Inch KEITH, ^ defolate little ifland of Edinburghfhire, in the frith of Forth, lying miJway between the ports of Lelth ami Klnghorn. Inchmarnock, a beautiful iflmd of Scotland, SW of tlie ifle of Bute. It is a mile long ; and, on the W fide, are vaft ftrata of coral and fhelis. It derives its name of Inchmarnoc (Mar- roc's Iflc) from a chapel dedicated to St. Marnoc, the ruins of which are ftill to be feen. India, an extenfive region in Afia, which lies between 66 and 9 J° E Ion. and 7 and 35° N lat. Under this name, the Europeans have underftood all the countries which lie S of Tar- tary, and extend fiomtheeaftern fron- tiers of Pcrfia to the caflern coafts of China J and they have included like- wife, under the -denomination of the Eaft Indies, the iflands of Japan, with all the iHands in the eaftern and In- dian Oceans, as far S as New Holland. But the name of India can be applied, with propriety, to that couircry only, which is diAirig;uUht:d, boihi^ Ail* . merica ; and, iffeveral tribes there ftill enjov independence, it ii either becauie they have never been attacked by an enemy al.eady fatiated with conqucft, and poflefled of larger territories than he was able to occupy, or becaufe they have been faved from oppreflion by their remote and inacceflible fituation* This diftin£lion, hoWever, although fo confpicuous, is not univerfal. Of die manners of the N American Indi- ans, the reader may have a general idea, by an account of thofe who inha- bit the countries to the £ of the Mi/Tiffippi. Thefe confift of 28 dif- ferent nations ; the principal of which are the Cherokees, Chickafaws, Choc- taws, Creeks, Delawares, the fix Na- tions, the Shawancfe, Hurons, Illinois} &c. Allowing about 700 to a nation^ or tribe, they will contain, in all» 20,ooo fouls, and may furnlHi be- tween 4 and 5000 warriors. The In- dians take a great deal of painS'to dark- en their complexion, by anointing themfelves with greafe, and lying in the fun. They alfo paint their face» breads, and ilioulders, of varioM colours* but generally red. Their features arc well formed, efpecially thofe of the women. They are of a middle ftature, their limbs clean and ftrait, and fcarce- ly any crooked or deformed perfon it IND (0 be fou:id among them. In many parts of their bodies th'^y prick in gun- powder in very pretty figures. They (hivCf or pluck the hair oft' their heads, except a patch about the crown, which is ornamented w th feathers, beads, wampum, and fuch Kke b.uibles. Their ears are pared, and (tretched by n thong down to their (houiders. They arc wound round with wire to expand them, and adorned with (ilver pendants, rings, and bells, which they likewife wear in their nofes. Some of them will have a large feather through the cartilage of the nofe ; and thofe vvlto cm afford it, wear a collac of wain- pum» a (ilvcr breaflplate, and brace- lets on the arms and wrifts.. A bit of cloth about the middle, a Hiirtof the £ngiiih mak,', on which they beftovv innumerable ftUches to adorn it» afotc of cloth boots, and (hues of a make peculiar to the Indians, ornamented with porcupine quills, \yith a blanket tiirown over all, complete their drefs 9t home ; but wheu they go to war, they leave their trinkets behind. There is little difference between the drefs of the men and women, except- ing that a ihort petticoat, and the hair, which is exceedingi/ibiack and long, and clubbed behind, dilHiiguiHi feme of the lat.er. Their warlike arms are guns, bow; and arrows, darts, fcalping knives, and tomahawks s the lad is one o£their raoft ufeful pieces of field- furni- ture, fcrving all the offices of the hatchet, pipe, and fword. Thi-.y are exceedingly expert in throwing it, anl will kill at a conHderable didance. There are no better markfmen with any weapon } for tki^y will kill birds A^inS* Adies fwimming, and wild beads running. They are very Intel- UgCBt, quick of apprehen (ion, fuddeii ia execution, ful)tle in bufiiiefs, ex- ot^i/iteid invention, and indudrious in i^k»i* The) afji of a very gentle and aKruable difpofition to thofe they think their (xieodF, but as implacable in their enmity ; tbeir revenge being comple- ted only by the entire dedruAion of their enemiei. They are very hardy ; bearing heat, coldi hunger, and thiid, ia J iiifpuiing noaoocri and yet no IND people are moie addi^led to extcfj I-j eating and diinkiiig, when it is in their power. The follies, say mifchicf thty commit, when inebriated, arc' entiie y laid to the liquor ; and no one will revenge any injury (murdsr ex. tepted) received from one v/Lo i: no more himielf. An ong the Indians, ail men are equal, perlbiial qualities bein,T mod eilccmed. No Cilt.ndlion of ^ birth or rank, renders any man capable of doing prejudice to the rights c( private pei fons ; and there is no pre- eminence from merit, whiah bcgetj pride, and which makes fitheri too fen. fiWe o£ their own inferio»rty. Their public cc-nfcrences /how them to be niCii of genius ; and they have, in a high degree, ths t»lcnt of natural elo. quince. They live difperfed in villi. ges, either in the wooids, or on the banks of rivets, where they have little plantations of Indian corn and rooti, not enough to fupply their famjlicj half the year ; and ihey fubfift, ti;8 remainder of it, by hunting, fifting, and fowling, and the fruits of the earth, which grow fpontaneouily in great plenty. Their huts are gene- rally built of fmall logs, and covered with bark, each having a ciiimney, and a door, on which diey place a pad* lock. The accounts of tiave^llers, concerninf their religion, are various; but <-Ui agree, that they acknowledge nne Supreme Go.d, but do not adore him. They have not feen him, they, do not know him, believing him to be too far exalted above them, and too happy in himfelf to be concerned about the trifling affairs of poor mortals. They feem alfo to believe in a fatuR date, and that nfter death tBey ihall be removed to their friends, who have gone before them, to an elyfium, or paradife. Their kings ate hereditary, but their authority is extremely limited. No people are a more driking evidence of the nr.iferif s of mankind in the want of government than they. Ever/, chief, when offended, breaks oft' with a party, fettles at fume diftance, and then commences hodilitieJ againft his own people. They arc genera!!/ »t v»r wlih eaoh (itber. When they uictf ans, whofc dutv «'>»lrt«%«>V«V.V''l IND captives in war, they ari exceedingly cruel, puttinj their prifjners to death, after a lo;'^ period palTtd in inflitting the niuft ^IrcuJfui tortures, which arc endured by the unhappy vicllm with incredible fortitude. The Indians of S America, immediately under the Spaniih g')vernment, although the moft dopa-fad Order of men in the country whuh belonged to thei' ancef- tors, are now far from being treated with that rigour which was laid to tlie charge cf the firft conquerors of that continent. They arc no longer con- lideied as flaves : on the contrary, thev are reputed as freemen, and enti- tlcJ to the privileges of fubjects. A certain tribute is, indeed, impofed upon them, and certain ferviccs requi- red; but th^-fe are all under the due regulations of policy and humanity. The Indians, who live in the princi- pal towns, are entirely fubje£l to the Spaniih laws and magidrates ; but, in their own villages, they are governed by caziques, fome of whom are the de- fcendants of their ancient lords} others are named by the Spanifli viceroys. Thefe regulate the petty affairs of the people under them, according to max- ims of judice, tranfmitted to them by tradition. To the Indians, thisjurif. diflion, lodged in fuch friendly hands, affords fome confulation ; and fo little formidable is this dignity to their new mailers, that they often allow it to de- fcend by hereditary right. For their farther relief, the Spanifli court has ap- pointed an officer in every diftri£^, with the title of Protedlor of the Indi • ans, whofc duty is, to afTert the rights of the Indians j to ap|iear as their de- fender in the courts of jnftice ; and to fct bounds to the exaAions of his coun- trymen. A portion of the annual tri- bute is dellined for the falaries of the ca- ziques and protestors j another |>art to tlie payment of their tribute in years of famine, or when a particular diftri£t is »fflifttd by^any extraordinary calamity. Provifion too is made, that hofpitals ihould be founded in every new fettle- flitnt, for the receptior) of Indians. Such hofpitals have accordingly baea ING erec.jd, both for the indigent and irt« firm, in Lima, Cufco, and Mexico, where the Indians are treated with tendernefs and humanity. SeeEsKi- MAux; Indies, West j Fata* GONiA, and St. Vincent's. Imdrafori, a Dutch fettler»en« on the W coaft of Sumatra, i6o milei NWof Bencoo'en. Imdre, a department of France, including the late province of Berry, It has its name from a river, which f.iils into the Loire between Chinon and Saumur. Ciiateau.oux is the capital. Inore and Loire, a department of France, iiitluding the late province of Touialrie. Tours is the capital. Indore, or Endore, a muderi city of Hindooftan Proper, capital of a territory in the province of Malwa, fubjedl to one of the Poonah Mahracta chiefs. It is 30 miles S of Ougein. Lon. 76 5 £, lat. ?>«. 31 N. Indus, a great river of Hindooftail Proper, called by the natives Sinde, or Sindeh. It is formed of about I9 principal ftreams. From the city of ActucSc, downward to Muultan, or to rhe conflux of the Chunaub, it is common* ly named the river of A'tock. BeloMf the city of Moultan, it proceeds in • SW dtre£lion, through the provinco of that name, and that of Siiidy, and enters the Arabian Sea, by feveral mouths, NW of the gulf of Cutch. Ingatzstone, a town fn Effcr, with a market on Wednefday. The town confifts of one ftreet, the N, fid« of which, and half of the S fide, arc in the pari A of Fryerning. It is fit miles SW of Chelmsfurd, and af NE of London. Imclxsmeim, a town of Germii* ny, in the palatinate of the Rhine« rem«rkable for having been tlte refl- dence of the emperors. It is feated oa the river Saivr, on an eminence, five miles SW of Meats, iMGtETON, a towx) in the W ris- ing of Yorklhire, ei|^ miles UW of Settle, and 246 of IJondoa^ Imgolostadt, the ftron^eft toWa cf Bavaria, with a famous unnttHtj* It was taken by^the Avftriansie >74** "■^ INN It Is fcated on the Danube, Ure miles NE of Ncuburg, and 45 N by W of Munich. Inrkia, a province of the Ruflian empire, which now forms the govern- ment of St. Peterlburgh. It is bound- ed on the N by the river Neva and the gulf of Finland, on the E and S by the government c>f Novogorod, and on the W by that of Livonia. It is 130 miles long and 50 broad. The czar Peter the Great wrefted it from the Swedes, and it was confirmed to him by the treaty of Nyftadt, in 1741. Before the RulTians conquered this counliy, the Ingrians had Lutheran minirtirs for every canton j but num- .bers of them have been finee converted '0 the Greek faith. They a-e full of \ Jgan fuptrftilions, which they mix with the ceremonials of Chriftianity j and confidcr the figures of the faints as Idols to be adored. When a m«in is Inclined to many, he buys himfeif a g and 106 N of Edinburgh. Lon. 4 5 W, lat. 57 30 N. Inverness-shire, the moft rx> tenfive county of ScotJand, bounded on tiif N by Rofslhire j on the E by the counties of Nairne, Murray, and Aberdeen ; on the S by thofe of Perth and Argyle, and on the W by the chann'il called th« Mia/h. Its extent from N to S is 50 miles, and from £ to W 80. The N part is mountainous and barren. The S part of the ihire is alfo mountainous, and is fuppufed to be the moft elevated ground in Scotland. This county has feveral confiderable lakes J being divided, in a manner, into t'. equal parts, by Loch Nefs, Loch C'ch, Loch Lochy, and Loch £11} all v^hich might be united by a canal, that would form a communica- t.oii between rhe two feas. The ex- tenfive plains which furround the lakes, are, in general, fertile ; and the high grounds feed many Hieep and black cattle, the rearing and felling of which is the chief trade of the inhabitants. The common people in the high parts of the country, and on the weftern Ihore, fpeak Gaelic ; but the people of talhion in Invernefs, and its neighbour- hood, ufe th" Englii]- language, and pronounce it with propriety. Inverury, a borough of Aber« dcenOiire, fituate on the Don, juft above its confluence with the river failed Urie Water. Inverury is 15 miles NW of Aberdeen. Joanna. See Hinzuam. joHANNtsBt;RG, a town of Eaft- (rn PruiTia, with a citadel, feated on the river Pych, near lake Spirding, 95mi!es SE of Koni.,glberg. Lon. 21 39 E, lat. 53 16 M. John-o-Groat's House, there- mains of a noted houfe, reckoned the moft northerly dwelling in Scotland, and fituate on Du gfljay Head, which forms the NE puint of Great Britain. John's, St. oncoftlie Philippine illands, E of Mindanao. Lon. 126 32 E, lat. 9 30 N. John's, St. an ifland of N Anns- ')", in the bay of St. Lawtencc, hav- JOR Ing Nova Scotia on the S and W, an«l Cape Breton on tlie £. It was taken by the Englifli in 1758. John's, St. ariverofN America, in Nova Scotia, which enters the bay of Fundy. John's, St. a new town of N Ame- rica, in New Brunfwick, Atuate at the mouth of St. John's River, in the bay of Fundy. In was at firft called Parr Town. Lon. $5 15 W, lat. 45 ii N. John' St St. a town and fort on the £ fide of the ifland of Newfoundland. Lon. 51 21 W, lat. 47 32 N. John's, St. the capital of Anti- gua. It is one of the moft regular towns in the Weft Indies, and has the moft commodious harbour in the Lee- wjrdlflands. Lon. 62 4 W, lat. 17 4N. JoHNQUXRA, a town of Spain, in Catalunia, feated at the foot of the Pyrenees, 20 miles S of Perpignan. JoHORE, JoR, or Ihor, a town of Malacca, in AHa. It was deftroy- ed by the Portuguefe in 1 603, but has been rebuilt, and is in the polieflion of the Dutch. Lon. 93 55 £, lat. x 15 N. JoiGNi, a town of France, in the department of Yonne, with an unA- niOied c.ftle. Its red wines, though not of the firft quality, have a great demand. It is feated on the Yonne, 17 miles S of Sens. JoiNviLLE, a town of France, in the department of Upper Marne, with a magnificent caftle, feated on the ri- ver Marne, 25 miles SW of Barle- Duc, and 125 SE of Paris. lONA. See ICOLMKILI.. JoNKioFiNG, a town of S\/eden, capital of the province of Snrfoland, and feat of the parliament, or luperior court of juftxe for Gothland. It is feated on the S fide of lake Y/jetter, with a ftrong citadel, 50 miles NW of Calrnar. Lon. 14 46 E, lat, 57^12 N. Jordan, ariverof Paleftine, which rifcs in mount Libanus, and runs fron* N to S, forming two lakes, the one fornvfrly called the fea of Galilee, or the lake of Tiberias, aud the othcr^ tlie Dead Sea* . , .1^* «»<»»»».»»»••<• IRA iRi: I: JtjsAyATM, a long and narrow val- ley of Paleftine, betwcci Jerufalcm and the mount of Olives. JossELiN, a town ci France, in the department of Moibihan, 25 miles NE of Vanncs. JouARE, a town of France, in the vided into Irac>Arabia and Irac- Age- mi. lRAC-ARASIA,OrBAF . LONIAN- Irac (ihc ancient Chaldea) takfs its name from the defcrt of Arabia, which lies to the W of it. It is al- moft all under the domin'un of tli« Turks ; and Bagdad is the capitrl. Irac- Age MI, or Per SI A n-Ir AC a province of Pcrfia, bounded on the N by Aderbeiftan and Ghllan, on the E byCouheftan, on the SbyKufiftan and Farfiftan, and on the W by Irac-Ara- bia. Ifpahan is the capital. Ire BY, a town of Cumberland, with a market on Thurfday. It ij 10 miles NE of Cockermouth, and 299 NNW of London. IrEKEN, JeRK-N, OrYARKAN, a rich and populous town of Tartary, the capital of Bocharia, with a caftle, It is the ftaple town of all the trade carried on between the Indies and the N part of Alia. The Kilmiicj are matters of it. It is eight miles N of Cafhgur. Lon. 73 25 E, lu. 41 40 N. Ireland, one of the Brltilh iflands, bounded on the E by St. George's Channel and the Irih Sea, which fcparate it from England and Wales; on the NE by a channel, called the North Channel, 34 miles broad, which fepurates it froirj Scotland; and on every othei- fide by the ocean, Ic lies between lon 5 2 ' and 10 40 W, and between Lt 51 1 ^ and 55 1 j N, and is 278 inll.'S In Itngth, and 155 in breadth. It is divided into four provinces ; namch , U'fter ti the N, Leinfter to the r, iVlunftertothe S, and Cinnaught to the Wj and thcic are fobdlvided into counties. The air is' mild and tempfrate. In general, it is af.uitful, level country, well watered with lakes and rivers. Even in thofe plac s, where the togs and nioraffcs have been drained, there is good meadow ground. It has fuch abundance of cattle, that the beef and butter are exported into foteijn parts) and not only the Engliih, but foreign ihips, frr--iTt<«i«inw.»i'» I R O tlicfame. The memljers of parlia- jnent ufuallv fat for life, unlcfs upon the dsmife of the kingj but, in J768, their parliaments were made oftenniai. Formerly, this kingdom was entirely fubordinate to that of Great Britain, whofe parliament could make laws to bind the pcjp!e of Ireland-, and an appeal might be made fxom their courts of juftice to the houfe of lords in England ; but, in 1782, itwas declared, thatalthough Ireland w?s an inip*ial crown, in- feparably annexed to that of Great Briti'n (on which connexion the inte- rcft of both nations eflentially dcpi-nd- ed) yet the kingdom of Ireland was dift'.nft, with a parliament ofiis own, ar.d that no body of men were c upon another, which makes a very finji'!.ir appearance. At the end of the Drldge, next the city, arc iron gates, which open into a fubterranean pair.igc, through which they enter the city. Lon. 14 2 £, lat. 40 41 N. Is ri. STEIN, a town of the United Province-, in that of Utrecht, featci cn the Iflfvil, four mi^s SW of Utrecht. lsxKBVA<'i, a town of Germany, ISL cipitai of a county of the fame name, in the eleAorate of Trevea, with a caftle. It is feated on a river, eight miles from Coblentz. IsxK, a river of Germany, which rlfes on the confines of Tirol and Ba- varia, and pa/ling by Munich and Landfchut, falls into the Danube. IsKRE, a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Diuphiny. It is fo named from a ri- ver which falls into the Rhone, above Yalence. Grenoble is the capital. ISENARTS, or ElSfiNAKTS, a town of Germany, In Stiria, famous for its iron mines, 30 miles NW of Gratz. IsERNiA, a town of Naples, in Molife, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated at the foot of the Appennines, 12 miles Wof Molife, and 46 N of Naples. IsiGNi, a feaport of France, in the department of Calvados, 15 miles W of Bayeux, and well known on ac- count of its falt-works, cider, and butter. Lon. o 59 W, lat. 49 zo N. Isis. See Thames. Islands, Bay of, abayofNew Zealand^ at the N extremity of the moft northern of the two iflands that go under that name. In 1772, M. Dufrefne Marion, with two French (loops, put into this bay, and, with aS of his crew, was murdered by the natives. Is lay, or Ila, an ifland of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, SW of Jura. Its greateft length is 25 miles J its breadth 18. The principal village is Bowmore, which has a con- venient harbour. The face of the country is hilly. Several mines are wrought to great advantage; and the lead ore is rich and produAive. Here likewife arc copper, emery, native quickfilver, and black-lead j with im- inenfe (lores of limeftone, marl, coral, and fhell-fand, for manure. Much corn and flax is raifed here, and a great number of cactle exported. In this, and fome of the neighbouring iflands, multitudes of adders infcfl the heath. On the NW fide of the ifland is the cave of Sanegmorey which is a ISL grotto, divided into a number of far. winding paflages, fometimes opening into fine expanfes ; again dofmg, for a long fpace, into galleries, and form- ing a curious fubterraneous labyrinth. The goats that feed among the rocks are fo wild, that they are obliged to be fhot like deer. Some veftiges of antiquity are on this illand. Isle -Adam, a town of France in the department of Seine and Oife' with a caftle feated on the Oifi!, three miles from Beaumont, and '^o from Paris. Isle of Beeves, a fertile ifland of N America, in the bay of Cam- peachy, 1 7 miles in length, and eight ill breadth. IsLE-DE-DiEU, an ifland of France, 14 miles from the coaft of Poitou. Lon. » 1 5 W, lat. 46 45 N. Isle-de-Francx. See France, Isle of. Isle-Jourdain, a town of France, in the department of Gers, in an ifland of the river Save, eight miles N of Lombez. IsLE-RoussE, a town of Corfica, on the feacoafl, i6milesSWofBaftia. Isle and Vilainej a depart- ment of France, containing part of the late province of Bretagne. Rennes is the capital. ISLEWORTK, a village in Middle- fex, on the Thames. In this pariih, is Sion Houfe, the magnificent feat of the duke of Northumberland. The S fide of Hounflow is alfo in this parifb. It is nine miles Wof London. Islington, a large village, N of Lindon, to which it is now contigu- ous. The New River is received at the SW end of it, into a large refer, voir, called the New River Head, whence its water is conveyed, in pipes, to all partf of the metropolis. Near this, is a famous fpring ofclialy. bcate water, called New Tunbridge Weils ; and ifo a noted place for pan- tomimes, &c. called Sadler's Wells, To the N of the White Conduit Houfe Tea Gardens, are the remains of a fortification, fuppofed to have been a Roman camp ; and on the £ fide of tlic town, is an extenfiv? white* &. '^^^s^^mv^^v.i^ ISP lead imnufaaory, with a curions windmill for grinding the lead. The parifl» Ihc'.udcs the hamlets of Upper and Lower Holloway, Kingjf- land Green, and three fides of New- ington Green. IsLir, a town of Oxfordlhire, no- ted for the birth and baptifm of Ed- ward the Confeflbr. The chapel in which the ceremony was performed, ftinds a little N of the church, and is ftill called the King's Chapel. It was intirely defccrated io Cromweira time, and has now a roof of thatch. Here alfo are fome remains of an ancient palace, faid to have been king Ethel- red's. Iflip was given by Edward the Confeffor to Weftn^infter-abbey, to which it ftill belongs. It is four miles N of Oxford, and 56 NW of Iiondon. Ismail, a ftrong town of Tur- key in Europe, in Beflarabia. It was taken by ftorm hy the RulTians, on the 2id of December 1 790. The brave garrifon were maflacred by the merci- Irfs Ruffians, to the amount, by their own account, of 30,000 menj and the place was abandoned to the fury of the brutal foldiery. The Jong fiege coft the Ruflians themfelves no lefs than 20,0*0 men. Ifmail is feated on the Danube, 140 miles S by W of Bender. Lon. zg 30 E, lat. 45 1 1 N. IsNY, an imperial town of Suabia, feated on the river Ifny, 14 miles NE ofLindau, and 62 SW of Augfburg, IsNic, a town of Natolia, with a Greek archbifhop's fee. It is the an- cient Nice, famous for the firft gene- ral council held here in 325. Nothing remains of its ancient fplendour bu*: an aquedudt. T|he Jews inhabit the greater part of it; and it is 75" miles SEof Conftantinople. hoLA, a feaport of Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore, with a biHiop's fee, 18 miles SEof St. Severino. Ispahan, the capital of Perfla, In the province of Irac-Agemi, thought, byfome, to be the fineftcity in the Eaft. It is feated on the fmall river Sanderut, which fupplies almoft all the houfes with water. It is ao miles in circum- ference, with well'built houfes and 1ST flat roofs, on which they walk, eat, and lie, in fummer, for the fake of the cool air. Here are a great num- ber of magnificent palaces j and that of the king is two miles and :. h^f ux circumference. The inhabitants were computed at above 1,000,000; but this kingdom, having been long dif- trafted by civil wars, the principal towns are greatly depopulated. It is 265 miles NE of BulTarah. Lon. $* 55 E, lat. 32 25 N. IssxL, or YsseC, a river of the United Provinces, which branching off from the Rhine below HuefTeny and running by Doefburg, Zutphen, Deyenter, and Campen, falls into the Zuider-Zee. ISSEL, or YSSII, THE LlTTlE, a river of the Unifrd Provinces, which waters Yfrdftein, Montfort, and Gouda ; and falls into the Merwe, above Rotterdam. ^ IsSEt, or ysSEt, THE Old, a river which rifes in ;he duchy of Cleves, and enters the IfTel at Doef« burg. IssEqjuiBo, a flouri/hing Dutch fettlement in S America, contiguous to that of Demerary, and three leagues W of the town of Surinam. It was taken by the Englifh in 1781, but reftored by the treaty of peace in 1783. IssoiRE, a town 0? France, in the department of Puy de Dome. At Vern^ near this town, are found amethyfts, of a colour as beautiful as thofe of the Eaft, but not fo hard. Iflbire is feated on die Coufe, 1 3 mUes S of Clermont. IssoupuN, a town of Francs, in the department of Indrc, with a caftle, feated on the Theols, 17 miles SW of Bourges, and 135 S of Paris. Is-suR-TiLLE, a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, feat- ed on the river Ignon, near the Tille, 12 miles N of Dijon. IsTRiA, a kind of peninfuh of Italy, bounded by Csrniola on the iff., and on all other fides by the gulf of Venice. The air is unwholefome; but the foil produces plenty of wine» oil, and paHure : there are alfo quar- N ^ 'C'-, ■ I IT A rles of fine mad)!e. One part of it belongs to the Venetian's, and the reft to the houfs of Auftria. Capo d'Jftria Is the caplt )|. Italy, one of the fin?ft countries of Europe, lying between 7 and 19° E Jon. and 38 and 47° N l.it. On the NNW and NE it is bounded by France, Swi(Ter!and, the country of the Grifons, and Germany j on tiie E by the gulf of Venice ; and on the S and W by the Mediterranean. Its length is about 600 miles j its breadth, in fome places, near 400, in others not above 2 5. It was formerly tlie feat of the Roman empire, and, afterward, of that aftoniihing univerfal ufurpation, the fpiritual dominion of the pope. Italy is divided i .to a great number of ftates. Between the confines of France and Swiflerland, on the W and N are the continental dominions of the king of Sardinia, namely, Piedmont, Mont- ferrat, part of the Milanefe, and Oncg- lia. To the NE are the territories of Venicf, enumerated under that article. South of thefe, are the dominions of the ennperor, namely, part of the Mi- lanefe, and the Mantuan j and S of thefe are Modena, Mirandola, and Reggo, belonging to the duke of Modena. Weft of thefe are the ducliies of Par- ma, Placentia, and Guaftaila, whofc fovereign is of the houfe of Bnuibon. South of Parma, lies the republic of Genoa, and SE of this, that of Luccj. Hence extends, along the Mediterra- nean, tht grand duchy of Tufcany. The Ecclefiaftical State, or teuitory of the pope, lies puncipaily E and SE of Tufcmy, between the gu f of Venice and tiie M df errani-an j and rhe king- dom of Naples, with its d^pend'-;m if- lands, occupies the whole S extremity, Th'^ ail of Ita!y is vc-y dift-';cnt, ac- cording to thedifferentfituationsof the countries it contains. In ihofeon the N fide of the Appennines, it is more temperate} but on the S it is very warm. The air of the Campagna of Rortie, and of the Fcrrarefc, is un whoieibfr e 5 which is owing to the lands not btipg duly cultivated, m^ the mar flies drained. That of the Other parts is generally purC| dry, aiid 'JUA healthy. As there are many fine rlvjin and lakes, the foil of Italy, in genera) is very fertile. It produces a great va-* rie:y of wines, and the beft oil in Eu- rope 5 excellent filk in abundance } and the fineft fruits, n^oft of which are not the natuial produd of the foil but were imported by the Rt^mans from Afia Minor, Greece, Africa, and Sy. ria. The tender plants are Sheltered in winter, on the N fide of the Appin- nines; but on the S fide they have no need of that precaution. The mo-ntains have, not^only mines of iron, lead, alum, fulphur, marble of all forts, alabafter, jafper, porphyry, &c. but alfo of gold and fiiver. Wine' oil, perfumes, fruits, and filks, are the principal articles of exportation, The eftabtifhed religbn is the Roman Catholic. Their language, a corrup. tion of the Latin, is faid to be fpoken in its greateft purity at Florence. It is, indeed, denominated La L'mm 'Tofcana. Itc HEN, a river of Hants, which, watering Winchefter, enters the hay of South;impton, at the town of that name. Itzihoa, an ancient town in the duchy of Holftein, feared on theStoer, 15 mles NE of Gluckfta^it. Juan di la Frontera, Sr.a towrt «f Chili, feated at the toot of'thej Andes, 98 mi'es NE of St Jago. Lon, 68 55 W, Lit. 3^ 25 S. Juan m& Puerto Rico, St. an ifl.u.d of the Weft Indies, 50 miles E of Hifpaniola. It is call- d Vorto Rico,j but improperly, as the Spanilh woidi for a port is Puerto, It is loomilcjj in length, and 50 in b, adth. It be longs to the Spaniards, and produce! fugar, rum, ginger, corn, and frui!i| partly proper to the cli.i.ate, ami part- ly introduced from Spain. Lon. 67 W, lat. 18 17 N. Juan de Pujtrto Rico, Si.tlii capital of tiif fl.iiul nt'ihe la re name, with a goud haibour, defended b] fcvoni forts, ana a bifhop's Ice ll is felted rin the N coiift, Lon. 69 W, lar. i% a.; N. Juan Fernakdkz, an un'nh; bited iflaiid in the S Pacific Ocean, ly ing In 830 miles W Oi harbours, a venient to t ander Seiki been left < place, lived 1 difcovered b When brouj gotten his la be underilo goats /kins, water, and i could relifli t bis abode in 500 goats, wl them down, iircumftance, the hints whi brated produf Robinfon Cru Juan de of New Spaii: Mexico, near 25 W, lat. i( JUCATANJ nlnfula of Ne' It projcfts fi leagues, but, not extend abo great quantity the building ca/Iia, and Indi tenfive plain, n tjins, but almo Jity of ground. fiipplied with \ wherever they d buiida/icej but ; not a river or ftr cipit.ll J butfiom to the town of C, Dl'RAS. JuDDA, afea with a fort, f^i 34- niiles N by \ 3922 E. lat. 21 JUDKNBURG, of Germany, the fia, with a caftle. 4; miles W by N SVV .if Vienna.,. 47 10 N. Jui>OIGN£, a ^ JUD ing in 830 W Ion. and 33" S lat. 300 miles W of Chili. It has fome good hatbours, and is found extremely con- venient to touch at, and water. Alex- ander Selkirk, a Scotchman, having been left on Hiore, in tF is folitary place, lived here fome years, till he was difcovercd by captain Rogers, in 1709. When brought on board, he had for- gotten his language, and could fcarceiy be underwood. He was drefl«;d in goats Hcins, would drink nothing but water, and it was fome time before he could reiifh the Hiip^s viAuals. During bis abode in this ifland, he had killed 500 goats, which he caught by running them down. From this remarkable circumftance, Daniel de Foe derived tiie hints which gave rife to his cele- brated produftion, The Adventures of Robinfun Crufoe. Juan de UtHUA> St. an ifland of New Spain, lying in the gulf of Mexico, near Vera Cruz. Lon. 97 25 W, lat. 19 12 N. JucATAN, or Yucatan, a pe- ninfula of New Spain, oppofite Cuba. It projcfts fiom the continent 100 leagues, but, where broadeft, does not extend above 25. It contains a great quantity of timber, proper for tlic building of Hiips, as alfo fugar, cjflia, and Indian corn. It is an ex- teiifive plain, not only without moun- tains, but almoft without any inequa- lity of ground. The inhabitants are fiipplied with water from pits, and, wlierevcr they dig them, find it in a- biiiidance ; but in all Jucatan, there is not a river or ftrcam. Merida is the cspitil } but fame give that appellation ti) tlie town of Campcacliy. See Hon- DL'RAS. JuoDA, a feapoit of Arabia Felix, with a torr, feated on the Red Sea, 34. miles N by W of Mecca. Lon. 39 22 E, lat. zi 29 N. JuDF.NBURG, a confider.ible town of Germany, the capital of Upper Sti- ria.with acaftle.. feated on the Muehr, 4; miles W by N of Gratz, and 100 SVV of Vienna. Lon. 14 i6 E, lat. 47 10 N. JuDoiGNE, a town of Auflrian JUL Brabant, near which was fought the battle of Ramiliies. It is feated on the river Gecte, 13 miles SE of Louvain* Ivis, St. a feaport and borough of Cornwall, with a market on Wednef- day and Saturday. It is feated on a bay of the farne name, which is fre- quented by iifljermen only, for pil- chards. It is eight miles NE of Pen- zance, and 277 W by S of London. Lon. 5 30 W, lat. 50 18 N. Ives, St. a town of Huntingdon- wire, with a market on Monday, the iargeft in England for cattle, except that of Smithfield.' It is feated on the Oufe, over which is a ftone bridge. It is fix miles NE of Huntingdon, and 59 N by W of London. JuGON, a town of France, in the department of the North Coaft,feated on the rivulet Arqueon, 12 miles from the Engli(h Channel. IvicA, the capital of an ifland of the fame name, in the Mediterranean, with a good harbour. Lon. i 2 c E lat. ,38 52 N. ^ IvicA, an ifland of c^e Mediter- ranean, 56 miles SW of Majorca. It i\ 60 miles in circumference, and is remarkable for the great quantity of fait made here* IviNGHo, a town in Buckingham- fliire, with a market on Friday, fix miles SW of Dunftable, and 32 NW of London. Julian, Fort, St. a harbour of Patagonia, where /hips that are bound for the Pacific Ocean common- ly touch. Lon. 68 44 W, Ku.49 ^oS. JuLiEN Du S.ault, St. a towa of France, in the department of Yoiine, feated between two mountains cover- ed with vines, near the river Yonne, five njiles from Joigny. JvLiEN, St. a town of France, in the department of Upper Vicnnc, 13 miles W of Limng-s. JuMERS, a duchy of Weftph.ili.i, bounded oil tlie N by GuelderhnJ, on the E by iIk' archbilhopric of Cologne, on the S by Luxemburg md 1 leves and on the W by Lin Lurij. It is Aih- jeft to the eledor palatine, and i? 6)) miles in length, and 30 in L>teadtii. , N a 1 I I ',Sli fH JUR JoLiKRS, a town of Germany, ca- pital of a duchy of the fame name, with a ftrong citadel. It was taken by the Frenc'.y in 1794; and is feated on the Roer» 1 5 miles E of Aix-la- Chapelle. Lon. 6 40 £» lat. 50 56 N. fuLPHA, once the capital of Ar- snenia, in Ada, now in ruins, the in- habitants h ^ing been tranfplanted to a fuburb of Ifpahan, called New Julpha* where they have feveral churches. This colony was fo flouri(hing, that, before the civil wars, which have defo- lated Perfia during this century, they were fuppofed to be tiie moft confider- able merchantrin the world. JvMiEGE, a town of France, In the department of Lower Seine, feated on the Seine, iz miles SW of Rouen, and 77 NW of Paris. JvMNA, a river of Hindooftan Proper, which waters Delhi and Agra, and joins the Ganges, 100 miles be- low Benares. JuNSALAM, a feaport of Siam, to the N of a large iiland of the fame same. Lon. 98 30 E, lat. 8 56 N. JuKA, one of the Weftern Ifles of -Scotland, N£ of Iflay. It is 10 miles Jong, and feven broad. JuKA, a department of France, including part of the late province of Francbe Comte. It contains mines of iron, copper, and lead, and quar- . ries of black marble, jafper, and ala- laft:r. It takes its name from Mount Juia. Jura Mount, a chain of moun- tains, which begins in the canton of Zuric, in SwiflTerland, extends along the Rhine into the canton of Soleure and the principality of Neufchate), branches out toward the Pays de Vaud, feparates that country from France, and continues beyond the frontiers of the Genevols as far as the Rhone. In various parts of the Pays de VauJ, . this chain forms many elevated vallies, .much vllited by travellers ; particalarly the valley of the lake of Toux, upon the top oif that part called Mount Joux. This valley contains feveral v^l-peo- pled ^villages, and it watered by two pi^lurefque lak'is ; the largeft of which is called the lake of Joux ; the fmaller, Jake Brenet. This vale contains 3000 inhabitants ; fome employed in malciog watches, but the greater part in polifli. ing cryftals, granites, and marcaTites. IvEEA, a ftrong town of Piedmont, capital of Canavez, with a fort, a bi. as they all live in tents, and re Lttttr C. VAFFUNGEN, a towr •^ naftery of Germany, and mo- Hefle, m near CafTelt Kairvan, a city of Africa, in and, in winter, Tunis, capital of a government of the the wild beads. move from place to place in queft of pafturage for their herds of cattle* They neither fow nor reap, nor make hay for their cattle, fo that they live without bread, or any fort of vegetable { ftme name. It is the fecond city in the kingdom for trade and population j is celebrated for the moft magnificent and facred mofque in Barbary j and is 20 miles W of Sufa. Lon. xo 25 E, Jat. 35 40N. Kalaar, a town of Perfia> in Chilan, with a confiderable manufac- tory of filk. Lon. 58 45 E, lat. 36 43 N. K A L I M B u 11 o , a town of Denmark, in the ille of Zealand, the capital of a ccnfiderable bailiwic. Loo. 11 11 E, lat. 55 47 N. Kalir, a town of Suabia, m the duchy of Wirteqiburg* Lon. 9 45 E> ht. 48 38 N. KaliscH} a palatinate of Poland, lounded on tfie W by that of Pofnia, on the E by Siradia, on the N by Weftem Pruflia, and on thejS by Si« kfia. It was forcibly feized by the kingof Pruffia, in 1793. Kalisch, a town of Poland, ca- pital of a palatinate of the fame name, fcated on the river Profna, no miles WofWarfaw. Lon. 18 5 W, Jat. 520 N. Kal K AS, a tribe of the Mogul Tar- tars, in Chinefe Tartary. They in- habit the country N of the Mogul Tar- tars, properly fo called, which ftretches as far as the kingdom of the Eleutkes ; and is near 300 leagues in extent from E to W. They live in tents, on the banks of their numerous rivers. They adore a lama of the fecond order, who is held in fuch veneration, that bonzes from China, Hindooftan, Pegu, &c. come to pay their devotions at his lefiHence in Iben-Pira. Kalmucsi a nation of Tartars, their cattle fare like "heir food is fielh. (efpecially that ot horfes) fifb, wild- fowl and venifon ; and they have.greaC plenty of milk, butter, and cheefe } but mare's milk is the moft efteemed among them, and from it they make a ftrorig fpirit, of which they are very fond. They are divided into a num- ber of hordes or clans, each under their own particular khan, and all ac* knowledging the authority of one prin- cipal khan, who is called orchicurti- khan, or the king of kings, and who derives his pedigree from the great Tamerfane. All qf them, however, have fubmitted to the government of Ruflia, or to live under its protection. They are pagans. In perfon they arc of a low ftature, and bow-legged, occa- fioned by their being fo continually oa horfeback, or fitting with their iega below them. Their faces are broad and flat, with a flat nofe and little black eyes, diftant from each other like the Chinefe. They are of an olive colour, and their faces are full of wrinkles, with very little beard s they /have their heads, leaving only a tuft of hair on the crown. The bet- ter fort wear coats of ftufFor filk, above which they have a wide fur coat of fheep-fklns, and a cap of the fame. Their only weapons are the fcimitary lance, and bow and arrow; but they are coming into the ufe of fire-arms, which, in time, will make them more formidable. KALNicK,a ftrong town of Poland , in the palatinate of Bracklaw, ixo miles E of Kaminieck. Kalo, orKALOo, a town bf Up- per Hungary, feated in a lake> x% miles S£ of Tockay* N3 i i>,vV''«*'" •<"'""■■ K AM K A S'^ 'i Kalvga* a government tf the Rullian empiie, formerly a province in the government of Mofcow. Its principal town, of the fame name^ is feated on the Occa. KamaxurA) an id and of Japan, three miles in circumference, lying on the S coaft of Niphon. Here they confine thtir great men, when they have con.mitted any fault. ^ Kambala, Mount, a ridge cf mountains in Thibet, between lake Pake and the Burtarrpooter. The foot of Mount Kambala is 31 miles S of Lalla. Kaminieck, a ftrong town of Poland, capital of Podolia, with a taftle and a bifhop's fee. It was taken by the Turks in 167a, who reftored it, in 1690. It was t^ken by the Ruiluns in 1793. The caftle isfsat- ed on a craggy reck, 85 miles W cf Bracklaw. Lon. a 6 30 £, lat 48 58 N. Kamtschatka, a pcninfula of Afia, extending from 52 to 61° N lat. the longitude of its extremity to the S btipg 156 45 E. The ifthnrsus, join- ing it to the continent on the N, lies be- tween the gulfs of Olutorfk and Pen- /hink ; and its extremity to the S is Cape Lopatka. Its greateft breadth is 236 miles. On the N it is bounded by the country of the Koriacs j by the N Pucific Ocein to the S and E, and by the fea of Okotlk to the W. A cliain of high mountains from N to S extends the wliole length of the penin- fula, and almoft equally divides it; whence feveral rivers lake their rife, and purfue their coi.rfe into the Pacific Ocean and the fea of Okotfk. The face of the country much refembles Newfoundland. The feverity of the climate is in proportion to the fterility of the foil J for in computing the fea- fons here, fpring fliould certainly be omitted. Summer extends from the middie of Jme till the middie of Sep- tember. Oftober may be confidered as an autumn 5 from which period to the middle of June, it is all dreary winier. The inhabitants confift of thiee forts, the Kamtfchadales, the RuHlans and Colfacksy and a mix- ture produced by their intermarriage}. They are fubje^ to the Ruffians, and their trade confii^s in furs and fkins. Kanem, a city of Africa, in the empire of Bornou, capital of a fertile province of the fame name. It is 1 ^0 miles NW of Bornou. Kaniow, a ftrong town of Poland, in the palatinate of Kiow, near the Dnieper, 6x mil^s S by E of Kinw. Kanisca, a Urong town of Lower Hungary, capital of the county of Sa- lawar. It was taken by the Imperial, ifts in 1690, and is feated on the Drave, 100 miles S by E of Vienna, Lon. 17 40 E, lat. 46 43 N. Kan-tcheou-fou, acityofChl- na, in the province of Kiang.fi, ce- lebrated for its rivers, port, riches, and population. Its diftrift contitins la cities of the third clafs j and it it 250 miks N by E of Canton. Kao-tcheou-fou, a city of Chi- na, In the province of Quang-tong, In its vicinity is found a kind of marble, that reprcfcnts, naturally, ri. vers^ mountains, landfcapes, and trees! it is cut into flabs, and made into ta> bles, &e. Kao-tcheou-fou, has one city of the fecond clafs, and five of the third, under its jurisdiftion, Kaposwar, a fort of Lower Hun- gary, on the river Kapos, 55 miles W of I'olnia. Kar£CK, an ifland in the Pcrfun Gulf, about feven leagues from each fide, and 30 from Buflarah River, where all the fhlps bound for that port muft call for pilots. It is five miles long and two broad. Karlscruhe, a city of Suabia, in the margravate of Baden Durlach, with a magnificent palace. The city is built on a regular plan, and the houfes are all as uniform as the ftreets. It is J 2 miles N by E of Baden. Kasan, a country of the Ruffian empire, lying on both fides of tlie Vol- ga. It was formerly an independent kingdom, fubjeft to the Kalmucs, to whom the great dukes of Mofcow, with other petty principalities of Ruf- fia, were tributary, Butin 1552,^30 Vaflilievitch II, conquered Kafan, which now forms the tliiee Ruifian go- ' ". ■^ ■• \ nn.Vt-i i« • A "^ »i marrhgej. fians, and id fkins. :a, in the if a fertile It is 150 of Poland, , near the f Kinw. n of Lower inty of Sa- : ImpetiaU ed on the jf Vienna. N. cityofChi- ang.fi, cc ort, riches, ft contdinj ; and it is jn. :ityof Chi- iuang-tong. a kind of aturally, ri. i, andcreess ade into ta< u, has one i five of the ,o\ver Hun- 5 nr.iles W Ithe Pcrfun from each rah River, [or that port five miles I of Suabia, Durlach, The city and the jthe ftteets. Idea. lie Ruffian Df die Vol. [dependent jilmucs, to Mofcow, ;s of Ruf- ljjijivan Id Kafan, li&ati go- KEH trrnments of Kafan, Simblrlk, and Penza. Kasan, the capital of the RuHian covcmnient of the lame name, feated on the livulet Calank.i, where it falls into the Vdija, 414 miles E by N of Mofcow. Lon. 49 8E, lat. 55 43 Kauffbeuren, a free imperial town of Suabia, in the territory of Kem-^ten, feated on the WarJach, ?8 niil.5 NE of Ktmpten, and 30 S by W of Auglburg. Kaye's Is l AMD, an ifland in the K Pacific Ocean, dilcovcred by cipt. Co.)k, in 1778. Lon. 131 48 W, lat. S9 51 N. Kaysers^erg, a town of France, in the depaitment of Upper Rhine, fi^e miles NW of C ilmar. K.AYSERSLAUTERM, a tOWn of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on the Lauter, 42 miles SW of Worms. In the prefent war it was taken by the French, then by the Pruffians, and again by the French. KayserstuhL, a townofSwif- ferland, in the county of Baden, with a bridge over the Rhine, and a cattle. It belongs to the biibop of Conftance, and is eight miles SE of Zurzach. Kayserverd, or Keisewert, KEN a few Invalids belonging to the naar* (juis of Baden'. Kellincton* See Calling-< TON. Kelso, a populous town of Rox- burghlhirc, with a good market fr corn, and a bridge of dx arches over the Tweed, near its confluence with the Teviot. Magnifici'iit ruins of an abbey, founded by D.kvi.l I in 1128- flill remain. Kcifo is ao miles SWof Berwick, and 338 NNW of. London. Kempkn, a town of Germany, in the electorate of Cologne } feated on the river Niers, ;;o miles NW of Cologne, Kempten, a free impeiijl town of Suabia, in the teriitory of the abbot of Ke:ripten, who is a prince of the empire. The inhabitants are proteft- ants. It is feated on the Iller, 45 miles S by W of Augfburg. Ken, a river of Weftmorland, which flows by Kendal, and emptTes itfelf into the fandy wafh of Lanca- fliire, called Morcambe Bay. It has a catara^ near its mouth, which ren«^ ders it incapable of navigation, ' Kin, a river of Kirkcudbright-' fliire, which waters New Galloway, below which it expands into a fine a town of Wtftphalia, in the duchy of lake, four miles in length, and one in Berg, feated on the Rhine, eight miles NofDufieldorp. Kt.wor th, a village in Leicefter- Jjiire, 10 miles SE of Dei by, fituate on an eminence, which commands an extenfive profpedt. Near it is a ftone breadth. The river Dee joins the ftream that ifliies from this lakej when their united waters take the name of that river, and flow to the Ir'.ih Sea,* at Kirkcudbright, Kendal, a town of Weftmorland, bridge, over the Trent, called Caven- with a great market on Saturday, It is feated on the Ken, over which are three bridges. It has a fpacious church, and 12, chapels of eafe. The free fchool has exhiijitions to Queen's Col- lege, Oxford ; and here are the ruins of a caftle. Kendal has been long noted for its woollen manufadures. There is likewife a confiderable tan- nery; fifli- hooks, wafte filk, and wool-cards are manufactured here ; and here are mills for fcouring, ful- ling, and frizing cloth j for cutting and rafping dying wood, &f late years, a very faihionable walk, .particularly on Sunday. Kent, a county of England, b*un^ed on the N by '' : Thames, which divides k from Elfe-x, and by the German Ocean ; on the E and S£ by that ocean and the flraits of Dover ; on the S by Suifex and the Englifli Channel, and on the W by Surry. From £ to W it is s^lmiles, and from N to S 36. It is divided into five lathes, under each of which are feve- ral hundreds. ~ It contains two cities, 29 market-towns, and 408 parifhes j and fends 18 members to parliament. In the foil and face of the country, thereUs great diverfity. It produces, befide the ufual objeAs of agriculture, large quantities of hops ; fruit of vari- ous kinds, eipeciaily cherries and ap- ples, of which there ai|; large orchards for the London markets ^ madder, dm- l)er} and birch twigs, for brooms, vrhich form no inconfiderable article ofcoramerce for the metropolis. Maid- fione is the county-town. KxNTAiFFS, Mount, a ridge of mountains, in the S part of Thibet, bordering on Hindooftan Proper. On the W fide of this ridg« nc ^c-tm KER hea(ts of the Ganges, and from its E fide ifTues the Burrampooter. KxNTsiNCuzN, a town of Sua. bia, in the Brifgaw, feated on the riverElz. Lon. 7 57E, lat.48 18N. Kentucky, one of the Unitw' States of N America, bounde.1 on the N by Great Sandy Creek } by the Ohio, on the NWj by N Carolinaon the S ; and by the Cumberland jiioun- tain on the E. It is upward of 250 miles in length, and aoo in bieadth j and is divided into fevcn counties, Lincoln, Fayette, Bourbon, Mercer, lefferfon, Nelfon, and Maddifon. It has feveral fine navigable rivers be. fide the Ohio and the Kentucky. The country is amazingly fertile; and more temperate and healthy than the other fettled parrs of America. In 1784, it was computed to contain 30,000 fouls, and has been fince ra- pidly increafing in population. Lex. ington is the capital. KiNTvcxY, a river of N Amc. rica, which rifes in a mountainous part of the country of the fame name, Its N branch, which interlocks with Cumberland River, falls into the Ohio, in lat. 38 27 N. It is ama. singly crooked for upward of aoo miles in length* KzacoLANO, an iiland of A/ia, in the Indian Ocean, between 80 and 100 miles in circumference. The face of the country fccms to be fteep hilla and extenfive vallies, and every part to be covered with trees and verdure, with fome pleafant cul- tivated grounds. The houfes &M on pofts, and appear to be well built, and neatly thatched. The inhabi. tants are Malays ; they are a mild and apparently quiet people. Lon. ii6 31 £, lat. 4 28 N. Kerguelen's Land, a barren iiland in the Southern Ocean, vifited by captain Cook, in I779> I^n. 69 37 £, lat. 49 3 S. KzsMAN, a province of Perlia, lying on the gulf of Pcrfia. Kerffiin is the capital. Kerman, a town of Perfia, tapital oft pcovinceoftlte fame nunci izo * KES miles N of Gombroon, ton. 57 55 E, lat. 19 40 N. KfiriNf a town of Weftphaliat in the duchy of Juliets, 14 miles SE ofjuliers. Kerry, a county of Ireland, in the province of Munfter, bounded on the £ by the countie»of Limerick and Cork ; on the W by the Atlantic } on the N by the Shannon, whichfeparatcs it from Thomond } and on the S by Defmond, and a part of the ocean. It is 57 miles long and 45 broad, con- tains H pari/hes, and fends e>ght members to parliament, Ardfert is the capital. KiRTSCH, a fortrefs, fituate on the £ coall of the Crimea, near the N entrance of the ftraits of Caffa. This fortrefs, and that of Yenikale, com- mand the paflage which forms the communication between the fea of A- iofh and the Black Sea. Kesroan, a chain of mountains on the coaft of Syria, which makes a part of Mount Libanus. Kissel, a town of Pru0ian Guelderland, with a caftle, feated on the Maefe, between Rurcmonde and Venlo. Kesseldoef, a village of Germa- Bj, in the circle of Upper Saxony, three miles below Drefden, remarka- ble for a victory gained by the king of Pruflia, over the Saxons, in 1745* Kestivxn, one of the three divi- fions of Lincolnfliire, containing the W part of the county, from the mid- dle to the S extremity. Keston, a village in Kent, eight miles NW of Wefterharo, and 14 S£ of London. On Holwood Hill, is Holwood Houfe, the feat of Mr. Pitt, ill whofe grounds are the remains of a large fortification (probably a Roman one] the area of which h partly inclofed byrampires, and double ditches of a great height and depth. It is two miles in circumference^ inclofing near 100 acres of ground. Near this camp, is the head of the river Ravenf- boura, wliich, flowing through Hayes» Bromley, Bcckenharo, and Lewifhami falls Into the Thames at Deptfbrd. Kkwjcki a town of Cwmberlandy. KIA with a market on Saturday, feated in a vale furrounded by hills, near the rapid river Greeta, S5 miles NW of Kendal, and 287 NNW of London. Keswick, Valx or-, a delight* ful fpot, in the S part of Cumberland, lately much vifited by the admirers of nature. Here is the lake of Kefwick, or, more properly, the lake of Der- went- Water. To the N of this, foars the lofty jnountain Skiddaw; and to the S is the dreary region of Borrow* dale. See BoaaowDALX, Dxik* wint-Watir, and Skiddaw. KxTTXRiNG, a town of North- amptonfliire, with a market on Friday^ 12 miles NE of Northampton, and 75 NW of London. Kxw, a village of Surry, op thig^ Thames, feven miles W by S ofLon* don. It was a hamlet to Kingfton ; but, in 1769, an a£l of parliament was obtained, forming Kew and Peter- /ham into one vicarage. Here is Kevr Houfe, a royal palace, celebrated for its fine gardens. The exotic gardea is brought to great perfeAion by the intriodu^ion of many new plants from A f rica and New S Wales. From Kcw to Brentford is a ftone bridge of feven arches. Kew gardens are open to the public every Monday, from midfum* mer to the end of 8utumn» KxxHCLM, a town of the RuflTait govcrnmeut of Wiburgh, feated on two iflands of the river Woxen, which h?re falls into lake Ladoga. It is fortified, andhas aftrong caAIe. It is 60 miles NE of Wiburgh, and 67 N of Peterf. burgh. Kbtnsham, a town ofSomerfet- ihire, with a market on Thurfday* It is commonly called Smoky Keyn- /ham, and is feated on the Avon, five miles SE o£ Briftol, and i >5 W of London. KHARXar, a government of th» Ruffian empire, formerly comprised in the governmentof Ukrania-SIovod' ftaia. Its capital, of the fame namcy is feated on. the river Vda. ~ f Khzrson. SeeCHXxsoir. KiA-riNG-rov, a city of Chinay in the province of Tche-kiang, re* narkablefbrits ftreciSi oirnamcBted by N5 KID KIL b'autiful piarzas, that flielter paffen- miles S of Carmarthen) and 214 W gcrs from the fun and rain. Seven cities of the chirJ clafs are dependant upon it, KiAKG-NAN, a province of China, bouiulcd on the W by Honan and Hoa-quang, on tlie S by Tche Chiang amJ K.iin-fj, on the E by the gulf of Nan king, and on the N by Chan- tonp. It contains 14 cities of the firft tank, and 93 of the fecond and third. It is full of lakes, rivers, and canals ; and their filks, japanned goods, ink, and paper, are in highefteem. Nan- king is the capital. '" '. KiANG-si, a province of' China, bounded on the N by Kiang nan, on tiie W by Hou quang, on the S by Quang-ioiig, and on the E by Fo- kien and Tche-kiang. It contains 13 cities of tiie firft rank, and 78 of the lecond and third. The arrack in this province is excellent ; and its porcelain rhiles NW of Lubec, and 46 N by N of London. Lon. 4 ao W, lat. 56 44 N, Ki s . , a ftrong town of Germany, capital of Holftein, with a caftle, and a univerfity. It ftands on a peninfula, in a bay of the Baltic, and has a com- modious harbour for flilpiof the iargeft fize. It is already one of the molt conntnercial places in Holftein ; and its trade will be farther augmented, when the inland navigation acrofs the penin- fula is finifhcd. By this navigatian it was propofcd to unite the Northern Sea with the Baltic ; and it was to be formed acrofs Holftein, by the canal cf K"'°l, and the river Eyder, which pafles by Rendlburg, and falls into the Gcr- man Ocean, at Tonningen. Tlis canal wjs begun in 1777, and, it was fuppofed, would be opened fcr naviga- tion in 1794 or 1795. ^'^' 's 57 of Lon. 10 £, lat. 54 20 Hamburg. N. KiEMA, a promontory of Swifler. land, on the W fliore of the lake of Zug. It is remaikabie, that the giound belongs to the canton of Lu. cern, the timber to that of Zug, and the leaves to that of Schweitz. KiEN-NiNG-Fou, a city of China,, in the province of Fo-kien, At the time of the conqu-ft of China by the Tartars, it fuftained two fiegcs, in tlie laft of whicl it was taken, and all the inhabitants were put to the fword. It was afterward re-eftabliflied by the is the finell and moft valuable of the empire. Naa-tchang-fou is the capi- tal. •■.-.•■•.;-> KiBURG, a town of Swiflerland, in the cantnn of Zuric, with a caftle, foaled on the river TheofF, 14 miles Nl^ of Zuric. KiDPERniNSTER, a town of Worcefter/hii-e, with a market on Thuifday, It is feated under a hill, •on the river Stour, and is the prin- cipal manufafturing p ace in the coun- ty. Its former trade of ftuF' is much declined 5 bat its carpet nianufadrure has greatly Incrcafcd 5 and tliis town is the firft market in England for pile, or plufh carpets, which, lor beauty of co- lour and patterns, exccred any other. Thcfe are fie|iientlycalltdVViitc;:, from of Nan-king, leaving been firft made at that town. Kilbarchan, The worfted fliag trade has alfo been introduced here, and employs many Wm?. Kidderminfter has a good fnellhool j and is 14 milfes SE of Bridgenorth, and 125 NW of London, KiDWELr.v, a town of Carmar- thrnlhirc, with a market on Tu'fday. It is fcuicd on a cretk of the Brlfto' Channrl, near the mouth of the Towy, From this town, a canal ht.s beer cut tft f>inic collieries, whence coal is Wrought down; and expoited. It if, eight fame Tartars that deftroyed it, and has eight cities of the thiid clafs under | its jurildiiSlion, It is aCo miles bE a vilbge of Ren- frewfliire, NW o*-' Loch WipDOch. i It is a manufa(5tniing place, and has! extenfivt bleaching grounds* It ii| five miles S\V of Renfrew. KiLBEorAN, a bo.ougl' of Ire-j land, in Weft Mcath, foared on the | Brofna, 44 miles W of Dublin. KiLBURN, a village cf MidJIcfex,! two ni'les NW of London ; fan-.oiu| for a fi le well of mineral water. KiLDA, St. a fmall iflir.d ci, Scotland, one of Uie Hcbiides, i>| in ruinb. It i and near it, ii leap. Above works for fabri 3c miles N ol WNW of Lor KiLHAM, ! of Yorklhire, v day, 36 miles N of London. KiLiA, a fo in Europe, in ] iiland, at the 1 It was taken by but reftored at It is 86 miles 1 ago NE of Cor Kilkenny lous and comtn( capital of a con It confids of Town, the iuft ""•■T^«i«nwper, is fmall in c mparifon witli the other two, and cannot boaft of equal "'a- riety. Thefe three lakes, with their illands, d'fp'ay an uncommon variety of the moft fMbliine and beautiful views, the mod pidurfque and ro- mantic fcen"ry. KiLLEVAN, a town of Ireland, in the c 'unty of Monaghan, eight miles SW of Monaghan. KlLUCRANKIE, 3 HOt^d p.lfs of Perthfliirf, near the jundion of the Tumel with the Garry. It is the grand entiance into lbs Highlands ia N 6 I iV KIL XIN thofe parti, and is formed ^y tifc lofty a ftffi6a'-hottfe and a goal ; and here mountains impending over the Garry) the quarter feffions are held for the which ruihes through* in a deep, dark< - - -- Jbme, and roclcy channel, overhung vrith trees. In the laft century, this was a pafs of much difficulty and dan- ger : a path hanging over a tremen- dous precipice threatened deftruAion to the leaft falfe ftep of the traveller. county of Dublin, and the knights of the ihire, ele&ed. It was fometimes the feat of government, before the the Caftle at Dublin was appropriated to that porpofe. KiLLMALtocK, a borough of Ire< land, in the coun''y of Limerick, it At prefent, a fine military road gives miles S of Limerick. an eafyaccefs to the renMte Highlands I Kilmasnock, a populous town and the two fides are joined by a fine of Ayrfliire, noted for manufa£lorie> arch. Near the N end of this pafs, of gloves, carpets, ftockings, night* in its open and unimproved ftate, caps, and bonnets* It is 15 miles king William's army, under general SWofGlafgow. Mackey, was defeated, in 1689, by the Kilmore, a town of Ireland, in Highlanders, commanded by vifcount the county of Cavan, with a bifliop's Dundee, who was killed in the mo- fee, three miles SW of Cavan. Lon. ment of viftory. KiLtiLEAGR, a borough of Ire- land in the county of Down, feated on an arm of the lake of Strangford. ]t fuflfered mucn in the war of 1641 ; 7 1 1 W, lat. 54 2 N. KiLTXAKN, a town ofRofsihire, the burial-place of Donald Monro, who gave Buchanan the account of the if. lands and Highlands of Scotland, in- but it isi now a thriving place, with a ferted in his hiftory. KiLwoRTH, a thriving town of Ireland, land, in th^ county of Waterford, i% miles S£ of Waterford. Kii.MAiNH AM, a town of Ireland, a county of Scotland, boimded on the about haif a mile froiQ Dublin. It hM N by Abcrdecuflure j on the S 1^} the KIN German Ocean j and on fhe SW by Angusifaire. Its length along the coaA is 29 miles ; its greateft breadth io. The only boroui;h in it is Inver^ bervie. KiNEToN, a town, in Warwick- ftire, with a market on Tuefday. King John kept his court in a caftle here. It is 80 miles NWof London. King Gxorgs's SovnD) the name given by captain Cook, in 1778, to the liarbour which he difcovered on the W coaft of N America, at the mouth of a great river, in Ion. 126 48 W, and lat. 49 33 N. But the na- tives call it NooTKA j the name now generally adopted by the Englifli« In 1786, a fmail aflbciation of Britifh merchants, refident in the £aft Indies, formed the proje^ of opening a trade to this place, for fupplying the Chinefe market wifh fiirs, and took meafures, in 1788, to fecure themfelvesa perma- nent fettiement} but the Spaniards being jealous of the intrufion of the "EagWQi into a part of the world, which they had long regarded .is their exclu- five property, fent a frigdte from Mex- ico to put an end to this commerce. The frigate arrived in Nootka Sound in May 1789, and, in July following, captured two Englifli veflels, at the fame time taking pcfTeflion of the fet- tlement that had been formed upon the coaft. The Britifh miniftry, on re- ceiving intelligence of this tranfadlion) immediately ordered a powerful arma- ment to give weight to their demand of reparation ; but th.e afFailr was ami- cably terminated by a convention, in 1790. KiNGHORN, a town of Scotland, on the coaft of Fife, 19 miles N of Edinburgh. KiNGSBRiDGx, a town of Devon- (hire, with a market: on Saturday. It is feated at the head of a fmall inlet of the Englifh Channel, is governed by a portreeve, and is a 18 miles W by S of ^ndon. Lon. 3 51 W, lat. 50 14 N. Kingsbury, .: village of Herts, N of St. Albaii's, fan^cuE fo; a palace of the Saxon kirgs. K.)NGic{.x^s, ? town of Hamp- Oxue, with a market on Tuefday. It was the tefidence of fome of our Saxon kings, and is nine miles N by £ of Bafingftoke, and 56 W of London. KingVCounty, a cowity of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, 38 miles in length, and 30 in breadth* It is bounded on the N by Weft Meath ; on the E by Kildare } on thd S by (^cen's-County and Tipperary ; and on the W by the Shannon, which divides it from Rofcommon, Galway, and another part of Tipperary, The capital is Philipftown. It contains 56 parifhes, and fends fix members to parliament. King's Lanclxv, a village of Herts, five miles W of St. Alban's, It received its name from a royal pa- lace built by Henry III, the ruins of which are to be feen. Richard II was buried in its monaftery, but rerno- ved by Henry V to WeftminfteV. King's, or Pbarl Island, in the bay of Panama, fubjeft to Spain* and famous for a pearl fi(hery. Kingston, the county-town of Ulfter, in the ftate of New York, feated on the Eufopus Kill, or creek, the mouth of which is nearly two miles W of Hudfon's Rivcrr Kingston, a town of Jamaica, on the N fide of the bay of Port- Royal. It was built after the great earthquake in 1692, is a place o1^ good trade, and is much reforted to by merchants and feamen^ moit of the ihips coming to load and unload their cargoes here. Lon. 76 52 W, lat. 17 50 N. KlNQJTON UPON HutL. ScC HUi,.!.. Kingston upon Thames, a town of Surry, with a market on Sa- tuiilay. The corporation is governed by a highfteward, t\/o bail'Ts, a recor- der, townclerk, &c. Queen Elifabeth founded here a freefchool ; and the Lent alTizes are held here. The wood- en bridge, over the Thames, is the moft ancient on that river, except Lon« don Bridge ; ;\nd the corporation have a revenue for its fupport. It is 1 1 miles SW of London. Lon. o 12 W} tat* 51 »7 Nt KIO KIR Kingston. SeaPHitiPsrowN. Kingston, or Kynjetow, a towrr in Herefordiliire, with a good trade in narrov.' clo:h. It has a mar- ket on Wednefday, and is i <; miles NW of Hereford, and 149 WNW of London. KiNG-TI-TCHING, » tOWH of China» in the province of Kiang H and diftri£l of Jan-tch^ou-fou. It is famous for its beautiful porcelain, is computed to contain a million of inha> bitants, and extfnds a league and a half along the b^nks of a river, which here fornfvs a kind of haibour, about a league in circumference. Kinross, a borough of Kinrof;- fliire, W of Loch Leven. Its manu- fadtures are lineii and cutlery, and it is 20 milfs N of Edinbuigh. KiNROSSSHiRE, a county of Scot- land, fMrroiinded by the fhires of Perth and Fifv-. It is 30 miles in cir- cuit, and fends one member 10 parlia- ir.ent, alternately with the county of Clackmannan. KiNSALX, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Cork. It is a populous trading place, and has an excellent harbour, 14 miles S of Cork. Lon. 8 26 W, lat. 51 41 N. KiNTAiL, a peninfula of Rofs- fhire, between Loch Garron and i,och Duich. It foims the SW coriicr of the county. Kin- TCHiou - Fou, a city of China, in the province of Hou^quang. Its diflrift contains two cities of the fe- cond, and ii of the third clafs. KiN-TCHiNG, the capital of the ifland of Lieou-kleou, in the Chinefe Ocean, and of ail the iflands under that appellation. The king's pal.ice, reckoned to be four leagues in circiim- ftrence, is built on a neighbouiing mountain. Lon. 127 30 E, lat. z6 a N. KiuTORX, a borough of Aber- deen (hi re, feated on the Don. Lon. a 5 W, lat. 5; 38 N. KioF, 01 Kiow, a town of Poland, in a pnlatinate of the fame name, with an arcbbiftiop's fee, and a caftle. It is the capital of the Ruffian governmeiu cf Kiof; and carries on a confiderable trade. It is divided into the Old an4 New Town, and feated on the W fide of the Dnieper, 180 miles NE of Kaminieck, and 335 E by S of War- faw. Lon. 31 51 E, lat. 50 30 N. KioF, or Kiow, a government of the Ruflian empire, being p.irt of the Ukraine, or Little Ruflia. It lies on the E fide of the Dnieper, although Kief, the capital, is on the W fide. It was once a duchy, belonging to the great dukes of Ruifia, and Kiofv.as their capital. This country was con- quered by the Tartars, and csme again into the pofleflion of the great dukes, but was overrun and poneiTt d by the CofTacks, under the protedHon of Po- land. In 1664, the natives, difcon- tented with John Cafimir, king of Pq. land, fubmitted to Ruflia, and have ever fince remained fubjcft to that empire. Their vaft privilt-ges have beeen gradual'y aboliflicd. KioF, or Krw, a palatinate of Poland, in that part of the Ukraine which lies on the W fide of the Dnie- per. Its towns aie fcarcely worthy of notice; its capital, Kiof, being fub- je.n-tcheou.f(;u. It is celebrated as the biithplace of Coni'ucius, feveial monuments to whofe memory are fti'l to be feen here. KioGE, or KoGE, a feanort of Denmark, in the ifle of Zt: ..nd, 10 miles S cf Copenhagen. Lon. it 40 E, lat. 59 31 N. KioPiNG, a town of Sweden, in Wern.eland, onafmallftream,thatfoon falls into lake Maeier. Lun. 16 40- E, lat. 59 38 N. KiRBV-LoNSPALE, a town of WeU-moiland, with amarke'conThirf- day, and a fine ftone budge over tli° Li)n. It is 10 niik'S SE of Kendal, and 253 NW of London. KiRuv-MooRsiDE, a town in the N riding of Yorkftiiie, with a market on Wednefday, a8 miles N of York, and 215 N by W of London. Kirby-Stephen, a town In Wefl-morland, with a marki't on Mon- day, and a^manufa£lory of ilgckings. It KIR KIS Is nine miles S of Appleby, UN W of London. KiRCHBERG, a town of Suabia, ca- pital of a territory of the fame name, fubjeft to the houfe of Auftria, and and aSi and is iS miles S of Lancafleri and a»3 NNW of London. KiRKLEXs, a village in the W rid- ing of York(hire, flcuate on the.CaU der, three miles from Huddersfisld. frated on the Danube, nine miles S of In the park near it, is the monument Ulm. Lon. lo I2'E, lat. 48 16 N. KiRiN> one of the three depart- ments of E Chinefe Tartary, bounded on the N by the river Saghalien, on the E by the fea of Japan, on the S by Corea, and 011 the W by Leao- tong. This country, which- is ex- tremely cold, from the number of foierts by which it is covered, is fcarcely inhabited. It contains only two or three ill- built cities, furrounded by The valuable plant gin- emperor banifhed mud walls. leng grows here ; and the fend3 hither the criminals by the laws. KiRiN, the capital of the province of Kirin, in E Chinefe Tartary, fi- tuate on the river Songari, which is here called Kirin. It is the refidence of a Mantchew general, wlio is inverted with the authority of a viceroy, of Robin Hood, and on the adjacent moor are two little hills, called Robin Hood's Butts. KiRKOswAtD, a town of Cumber- land, with a market onThurfday, feat- ed near the Eden, nine miles N by E of Penrith, and aga NW of London, KiRKPATRiCK, a town of Dum- bartonlhire, lying E of Dumbarton, It is faid to be the birthplace of ths tutelary faint of Ireland. The veftiges of the Roman wall, bu It by Anto- ninus, extend from the frith of Clyde at this place, tn the frith of Forth. It is called, by the country people, 6iaham's Dike. Kirkwall, a borough of Scotr- laind, capital of Orkney, the principal of the iflands of that name. It is built on an inlet of the fea on the E fide of the ifland. The moft ftriking ob- K.IRKCALDY, a feaport of Fife- jeft is theftately cathedial of St. Mag- fhlfe, on the frith of Forth, 10 miles N of Edinburglsi. It has a dockyard for fmall vellels, and a filk manu- fadture. Lon. J 8 W, lat. 56 8 N. Kirkcudbright, a feaportin the county of Kirkcudbright, is feated at the mouth of the Dee, with depth of water fufficienC to admit Ihips of any burden to come up to the t(5wn, and yet with an inconfiderable trude. It is 60 miles W of Carlillr, and 83 SW of Edinburgh. Lon. 4 8 W, lat. 55 oN. ^^,•v . Kirkcudbright, a Ihlre, or ftcwartry, of Scotland, which once formed, with Wigtonfliire, the ancient province of Galloway. It is bounded on the NE by Ayr/hire and Dumfries- shire, 01^ the S by Solway Frith and the Ir Ih Sea, and on the W by Wig- tanlbire and Ayrlhire. Its extent from N to S is 29 miles 5 from E to W 45, KiRKHAM, a town in Lancalhire, with a market on Tucfday, feated at tlie mouth of the Ribble. It has a coufiderable munufa^tury of fAildoth, nus. Kirkwall is 45 miles from Dungfljay - head, in Caithnefsfliire* Lon. 2 57 W, lat. 58 58 N. KiRTON, a town of Lincolnfliirff, with a market on Saturday, 20 miles N of Lincoln, and 151 NW of Lon- don. KisMiSH, a fertile ifland of Afiay in the gulf of Perfia, 50 miles in length, and five in breadth. It has been rcmark.ible for its pearl fifliery, KiSTi, one of the {even Cauca- fian nations, that inhabit the.countrias between the Black Sea and the Caf- pian. They are bounded on the W by Little Cabarda, to tlie E by the Tartars and Lefguis, and to the S by the Lefguis and Georgians. They confift of no Icfs than (ixteen dif- ferent diltrids or tiibes, "which are generally at variance with each other, and with their neighbours. Tbofe belonging to the diftrids of Wapi, Angufbt, and Shalkha, fubmitted to Ruflia in 1770. The Trtietflien tribe is (0 numerous and wadike, that its KNA liame i« ufually given by them to the whole Kifti nation. The Inguflii, who are capable of artniag above 5000 men, live in villages near each other : they are diligent hulbandmen, and rick in cattle. Many of their villages have a ftone towers which ferves in time of war» as & retreat to their v7omen and children, and a magazine for their tffc&s, Thefe people are all armed, and have the cuftom of wearing ihields. Their religion is very fimple, but has fome traces of Chriftianity. They believe in one God, whom they call Daile, but have no Aunts or religious perfons. They celebrate Sunday, not by any religious ceremony, but by reft- ing from labour. They have a faft in Spring, and another in Summer j but obferve no ceremonies either at births or deaths. KisTNAj a river of.Hindooftanj which rifes in the Gauts, forms the boundary between the Deccan and the Peninfula, and falls into the bay of Bengal, S of Mafulipatam. KiTTiRY) a town of the United States of America, in the diftriA of Main. It is famous for fhip^building, and is feated on the £ fide of the mouth of Pifcataqua River. KiuN-TCHEov-Fov, the Capital of the ifland of Hainan, feated on its N coaft, oppofite the province of Quang-tong, in China. It ftands on a promontory, and ihips often anchor at the bottom of its walls. Its diftrift contains three cities of the fecond, and ten of the third clafs. Klattaw, a town of Bohemia, 46 mileo SW of Prague. Kl X T T I N B z R Gy a town of SwifTer- land, feated on the Aar, three miles from Waldfchut, TKe fpiritual jurif- dlftion belongs to the biihop of Con- ftance ; the fovereignty to the cantons. Klundzrt, a ftrong fortrefi, in Holland, near the arm of the fca, cal- led Hollands Diep. It was taken by the French, in I793> after a gallant tefiftancej but they were obliged to evacuate it foon after. It is nine miles S£ of Willi umftadt. Knapdalz, a mountainous dif- txiSt of Argyleihire} adjoining to Ar- ^ KOE gyle Proper^ and coimefied on the S, by a narrow neck of land, to the pe. ninfula of Cantyre. KNARxsBORovcn, a borough b the N riding of YorkAire, with a market on Wednefday. It is feated on the Nid, on a rugged rock, where there was a caftle ; and is famous for its medicinal and petrifying waters. It is 18 miles W by N of York, and 211 N by W of London. Knighion, a commercial town of Radnorlhire, with a market on Thurfday, feated on the Tend, 14 miles W of Hereford, and 135 NW of London* Knightsbridgx, a village of Middlefex, the firft from London on the great weftern road* Here is an infirmary for the fick and wounded^ called St. George's Hofpital* Knotsford, a town in Che/h!te, with a market on Saturday. There are two towns of this name pretty near together, called the Higher and Lower. In the Higher is the church, and in the Lower, a chapel of eafe. They ate feven miles N£ of Northwich, and 173 NNW of London. KoANG-FiN-FOU,acityofChina, in the province of Kiang-fi. Its ju- "ifdidtion contuns feven cities of the third clafs* KoBi, called by the Chinefe Cha< MO, a vaft defert of Chinefe Tartary, which occupies atmoft all the S ex. tremity of the country of the Kalkas. It is more than 100 leagues from F. to W, and almoft as much from N toS. Koxr-TCHZou,oneof the fmalleft provinces in Thina, bounded on the S by Quang.fi, on the £ by Hon-quang> on the N by Se-tchuen, and on the W by Yun-nan. It contains ioci> ties of the firft rank, and 38 of the fecond and third, and is full of inacceflible mountains.' It may be juftly called the Siberia of China. It is almoft a defert s its inhabitants are mountaineers, accuftomed to indepen* dence, and who feem to form a fepa> rate nation : they are no lefs ferocious than the favage animals among which they llvCf This provioce produce! d on the S* I to the pf borough b ire, with « It is feated ock, where famous for (waters. It York, and lerclal town market on Tend, 14 i 13s NW I village of London on Here is an id wounded) al. in Cbefhite, lay. There e pretty near r and Lower, irch, and m 'e. They ate rthwich, and ity of China, Its ju- cities of the linefe Cha- efe Tartary, the S ex. the Kalkas. ;ues from F. ch from N the fmalleft ed on the S lon-quangi and on the alns locjo knd 3S of is full of It may be IChina. It Ibitants are |0 indepen* Trma fepa* Is ferocioni png which producci KON KOK the heft horfes In China. Befide Koei^yang, the capital, it contains nine cities of the firft, and 38 Of the fecond and third cUfs. KoEi-TCHiou.rov, a commer- Koi.'icrtuTTER, atownof Ger<' , many, vrith a celebrated abbey, in the territory of Brunfwick-^^olfenbuttle* Lon. 1 1 7 E, lat. 5a 25 N. KoNiGSBKRG, atown ofGerma- cial city of China, in the province of ny, in the circle of Franconia, be- Se-tchuen. Its difh-lA contains one longing to the houfe of Saxe-Weimar, city of the fecond dafs, and nine of three miles N£ of Schweinfurt. thethird. KoNiesBiTRGyatownotGennanyy Koxi-TAMC, ^e capital of the in the marquifate of Brandenburg, 47 province of Koei>tcheou, in China, miles S of Stetin. The remains of temples and palaces Komngsbxrg, the capital of ftill announr.e its fomer magnificence. Pruilla, with a univerfity, and a mag« It is 4x0 miles NW of Canton. nificent palace, atownhoufe, exchange. Kola, atown of the Ru0ian go- and cathedral. The tower of the caftle vernment of Archangel, capital of has 284 fteps to the top. There are Ruffian Lapland. It has a good har- 18 churches in all, of which 14 be- bour on the Kola, near the bay of the long to the Lutherans, three to the fame name, in the Froaen Ocean. Calvinifts, and one to the papifts. Lon. 32 26 E, lat. 68 34 N. The town, including the garrifon of KoLYVAN, a government of die 7000 men, contains 60,000 inhabi- Ruffian empire, comprehending a part tants. It ftands on the Pregel, a na- ofWeftern Siberia, and formerly in- vigable river, which here falls into the Frifche Haf, an inlet of the Baltic. No fhips drawing more than feven feet water can pafs the bar, and come up to the town { to that the large veOTela anchor at IPillau, a fmall town on the called the Potoli of Ruifia. They lie Baltic, which is the port of Koningf- between the Oby and Irtylh, near the berg, and the merchandife is fent in. mountains which form the frontiers of fmaller velTels to this place. The S!l>eria, and feparate that country firom trade of Koninglberg is very confider- Chinefe Tartary. able. It is 62 miles NE of Elbing, KoNGSBERG, a town of Southern and 125 N of Warfaw. Lon. 20 55 Norway, celebrated for its fil'ver mines. £, lat. 54 42 N. It lies on both fides of the river Lowe, Koningsgratz, a town of Bo- and contains, including the miners, hernia, feated on the Elbe, with a bi* ihop's fee, 35 miles SWof Glatz, K0NINGSH0FX.K, a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia,- with a bifliop's fee, 25 miles NW of eluded in the government of Tobolflc. Its capital, of the fame name, is feat- ed on the Oby, near the mouth of the Berda. This country has very pro< du£tive filver mines, which have been miners, 6coo inhabitants. Thefe mines lie two miles from the town, which is 45 miles SW of Chriftiana. KoNGSwiNGZR, a town of Nor- way, on the frontiers of Sweden, near Bamberg. the river Glomme, at the foot of a (leep rock, on which ftands an im- pregnable citadel ; at leaft, Charles XI!, who reconnoitred it, thought it prudent to decline the attempt. KoNG-TCHANG-rou, a city of China, in the province of Chen-fi. It is furrounded by inacceflible moun' KoKiNGSTXiN, a town of Ger* many, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and territory of Mifnia, with an im> pregnalxle fort. It is » place of con- fint^ment for ftate prifoners, and is feated on the Elbe, 10 miles SE of Pyrna, and 10 SWoFDrefden. Ko N I T z j a town of Weftem Pruf* tains, where a tomb is feen, which the fia, 50 miles SW of Dantzic. Ghinefe pretend to be that of Fo-hi. Kofys, a fortified town of Lithu* Its Mtlik contains three cities of the ania, feated on the Dnieper. Lon« fecond, and feven of the third clafs* 29 43 E, lat. 54 22 N. It is 700 milci SW of Pekin. Koai ac s» a nation of Afia, ^ibtt« J KOR Ury to the Ruffians. There are two ^ a town of KRE Dcnma'rk, in the ifle of Zealand, wltfi a fort, 45 miles W by S of Copenha- gen. Lon. u lo E, lat. 55 29 N. Ko?troiv.a, a government of the Ruffian empire, formerly included in that of Mofcow. It is dividi-d into the two provinces of Koftioma and Uniha. The capital of the former is Koftroma, feated at the mouth of the Vulga : the capital of the fecond n Makarief, fituate on the Unflia. KouEi-TE-Fou, a eity of China, in the province of Ho- nan. The in- habitants are remarkably mild, and treat ftrangers with uncommon hofpl. tality. This city is feated between two large rivers. KowNo, a town of Lithuania, feat- ed on the Wilna and Niemen, 40 miles W of Wilna. Kraanznbxro, a town of th« duchy of Cleves, feted on the decli- vity of a hill, between Nimeguen aftd Cleves. Its name, which figniiies Crane-hill, is derived from the niim- ber of cranes that ufed to aflemble round the caille, when the adjacent plain was a morafs. It is celebrated for an image of the Virgin, pretended to be miraculous. Krai N BURG, a town of Bavaria, feated on the Inn, 35 miles E of Mu« nich. Krainburg, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Carniola, feated on the Save, 18 miles NW of Laubach. Krainowitz, a town of Upper Si'efia, between Ratibor and Tropf-aw, Krainslaw, a town of Poland, in the piovinceof Red Ruffii, and pa- latinate of Chelm, 110 miles SE of Warfaw. Krapitz, a town of Sllefia, felt- ed on the Oder. Lon. iS 10 £, lat. 50 39 N. Kr£kythe, a fmall corporate townof Cainarvonfliire, with a market on Wednefduy. It is feated on the Irifh Sea, near Traeth-Amawet Bay, where are the ruins of a caftle. It is 13 miles S by E of Carnarvon, and 237 NW of London. Krempen, a ftrong town of the duchy of Holftein, with a caftle. Iti» five miles N of Gluckiladu KllJMS, the circle of Danube, 35 Kreuzet ry, in the cii feated on the 1 cf Mentz. city J and ha jience. Kreizow, anla, with a b E, lat. 53 50 Krumlam to miles SW 1 KuBESHAr of Afia, in th( It is fituate mountains. felves Frank! men in the Ea relate, that thei hither by fome liis of which common conjei cai't away upon fay, that the G carried on, dur conliderabie tra £laclc Sea, but were acquainted tjined in thefe n tlii-y drew, by t habitants, great copper, and otl tu work thefe u I hither a number blilh manuf'adtu: the Arabs, Turl ing which the 1 and the manufai vented the ftra their return j fo here, and form( renders this accc is, that they art and make very | coats of mail, ; gold and fiiverfc town is confidei where the neigl ilepofit their treaf eleil yearly tv, whom they pay and, as all the footing of the n .i>.>ai.^<^ inyitWtM«^n'<'n'<4 KU3 KmMS, a town of Germany, in the ciicle of Auftria, feated on the Danube, 35 miles W of Vienna. Kreujenach, a townofGerma- jiy, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, feated on the r'ver Nahe, ao miles SW cf Mentz. It was once an imperial city 5 and has a caftle upon an emi- nence. Kreizow, a ftrong town of Lithu- ania, with a bifliop's fee. Lon. 3315 I, lat. 53 5° N* Krumlaw, a town of Moravia, to miles SW of Olmutz. KuBESHA, a large and-ftrong town of Afia, in the country of the Lefguis. It is fituate on a hill, between high mountains. Its inhabitants call them- felves Frank! (Franks, a name com- mon in the Eaft to all Europeans) and relate, that their anceftors were brought hither by fome accident, the particu- lus of which are forgotten. The common conje£ture is, that they were cait away upon the coaft j but others fuy, that the Greeks and the Genoefe carried on, during feveral centuries, a conliilerable trade, not only on the Black Sea^ but on the Cafpian, and were acquainted with the mines con- tained in thefe mcuntains, from which thi-y drew, by tlieir trade with the in- habitants, great quantities of filver, copper, and other metals. In order tu'work thefc upon the fpo!:, they fent l;i;her a number of workmen, to eft j- blilh manufaftures. The invafions of the Arabs, Turks, and Monguls, dur- ing which the mines were filled up, and the manufadures abandoned, pre- vented the Grangers from efFe£iing their return ; fo that they continued here, and formed a republic. What renders this account the more probable is, that tl»ey are ftill excellent arti-ls, and make very good fire-arms, fabres, cnats of mail, and feveral articles in gold and filver for exportation. Their town is confidered as a neutral fpot, where the neighbouring princes can ilepofit their treafure with fafety. They eleil yearly twelve maglftrates, to whom they pay unlimited obedience } and, as all the inhabitants are on a footing of the moft pcrfedl e^ualitj, " KUR each individual is fure to have, in his t turn, a fliare in the government. In * 1725, their magiftrates acknowledged the fovereignty of RuHia, but without paying any tribute. Lon. 67 59 £y " lat. 42 30 N. KuDACH, a ftrong fort of Poland, in the palatinate of Kiof, feated on the Dnieper. Lon. 3j 45 £, lat. 47 48 N. KuFSTKiN, a ftrong town of Ger- many, in the Tirol, with a caftle on a rock. It is feated on the Inn, 46 miles S by E of Mi nich. KuNACHiR, See Kurii.es. KuR, a liverof Perfia, which rlfes in mount Caucafus, and, pafling by Tefflis, falls into the Cafpian Sea, KiJxiLis, a chaln'of iflands, ex- tending from lat. 51 to 45 N, running from Cape Lopatka, the S promontory of Kamtfchatka, to Japan, in a SW direction. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood of Cape Lopatka, wIjo were called Kuriles, gave thefe fflands the fame name, as foon as they became acquainted with them. They are 2X in number, exclulive of the very fmall ones. The northernmoft, called Shoomflca, is three leagues from Cape Lopatka. The next, named Para- moufic, is confiderabiy larger thaa Shoomlka. Thofe two iflands were fir ft vifited by the Ruffians in 1713, and at the fame time brought under their dominion. The others, in order, are alfo made tributary down to Oofhe- fliecr, inclufive. The natives are all reprefenttd as hofpitabie, generous,, and humane ; excelling their Kamtf- chadale neighbours in the formation of their bodies, and in docility and quick- nefs of underftanding. Though Oo- fhcfticerjs the fouthernmoft ifland that the Rufllans have yet brought under their dominion, they trade to Ooroop* which is the eighteenth, and the only one wl>cre there is a good harbour for Ihips of burden. Beyond this, to the S, lies Nadeegfda, which wasreprefent- ed by the Ruflians, as inhabited by a raceof men remarkably hairy, and who, like thofe of Ooroop, live in a ftate of enure independence. Spanberg places this iHand in 43 50 N lat. la the 1 LAB fame direAion, fomewhat more to tbe weftward, is a group of iflands, which the Japanefe call Jefo ; a name they give to the whole chain of iflands be- tween Kamtfchatka and Japan. The fouthernmoft, called Matmai, has been long fubjeft to the Japanefe, and is fortified on the fide toward the conti- nent. Kunachir and Zellany, two if> lands N£ of Matmai, and three iVill farther N£, called the Three Sifters, are fctk&ly independent. Kop.SKy a government of Ruflia, formerly part of that of Bielgorod. Its capital, of the fame name, is feat> cd on the Tukor. KuTTiNBXRG, « towii of Bohe- mia, in ^he neighbourhood of a moun- tain, remarkable for its lilver mines, 35 miles SE of Prague. Kylburo, a town in the ele Aorate of Treves, feated on the Kyll, i6 inileiNW of Treves. Kynxton, a village in Somerfet- flilre, NE of Somerton. It is natu- rally paved, for Haifa mile, with one linooth roc IC| which ioolu like ice* T AA, La AS, or Lak ab, a tovvn of Auftria, feated on the Teya, %j miles NW of Vienna. Labadia, a ftrong town of Italy, in the Polefino di Rovigo, feated on the Adige, %o miles NW of Ferrara. Labia, a town of Turkey in Eu- rope, in Servia, 6z miles SW of Nif- fa. Labiav, atown ofWefternPruflla, at the mouth of the Deime, near the Curifchhaff, with a ftrong caftle, 30 miles NE of Koningiberg. Loni 2 1 40 £, lac 54 57 N. Labourd, a late territory of France, part of that of Bafques. It is now in* eluded in the dep? rtment of tlie Low- er Pyrenees, Labrador, a country on the £ ftde of Hudfon*s Bay, in N America. The climate, in only lat. 57° N, is ex- ceflively cold during winter. Wine freezes ip afolid mafs ; brandy coagu- latei J and the very breath falls on the LAD blanketar of a bed, in the form of 1 hoar-froft. The ice begins to diftp. pear in May j and, about the middle of June, commences hot weather which, at times, is fo violent, as » fcorch the faces of the hunters. Mock funs and halos are not unfrequent: they are very bright, and richly tinged with all the colours of the rainbow. The fun rifes and fets with a Urge cone of yellowifli light j and the night is enlivened by the aurora borealis which fpreads many different lights and colours over me whole fky. The ani- mals are moofedeers, ftags, raindeers, bears, tigers, buffaloes, wolves, foxes, beavers, otters, lynxes, martens, fquir. rels, ermines, wild cats, and hares. The feathered kinds are geefe, buftards, ducks, partridges, and all kinds of wild. fowl. The fifh are, whales, morfes, feals, codfilh, and a white fiih prefer. able to herrings] and in their rivert and frefh waters are pike, perch, carp, and trout. In fummer, there is here, as in other places, a variety in the colour of the feveral animals : when that Tea. fon is over, all their beafts, and mofi of their fowls, are of the colour of the fnow } every thing animate and inani. mate is white : but one of the mi ftrikiog things, that draws the moft inattentive to an admiration of the wif. dom and goodnefs of Providence, Is, that the dogs and cats from Great Bri. tain, that have been carried into Hud.' fon's Bay, on the approach of winter, have changed their appearance, and ac« quired a much longer, fofter, and thicker coat of hair than they original. ' ly had. See New Britain, Eski. MAux, and Hudson's Bay. Ladenburg, a town of Germa* ny, in the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on the Neckar, eight miles NW of Heidelberg. Ladoga, a lake in RufHa, between the gulf of Finland and lake Onega, It is 150 miles long, and 90 broad, and is the latgeft lake in Europe. A* mong the fifh with which it abounds, are feals. It is full of quickrands, which, being moved from place to place, by frequent ftorms, caufe feveral Shelves, v^ch often prove fatal to tho « "I.*"! «ftV)iV»«»»'<|»»»i-> LAH LAM form of a (IS to difap< the middle 3t weather, }lent, as to era. Mock unfrequent : richly tinged he rainbow, with a large ind the night 'ora botealis, ent lights and y. The ani- gs, raindeers, wolves, foxes, lartens, fquir- , and hares. eefe, buftards, kinds of wild> bales, morfes, ite filh prefer. n their rivert e, perch, caip, there is here, «s y in the colour when that fea* i,andcfloftof colour of the ite and inani' le of the moft Iraws the moft 3unofthewif. 'rQVidence, is, im Great Bti- tied into Hud«' lach of winter, ince, and ac< fofter, and they original- TAIN, Ebki* Bay. 'n of Genua* if the Rhine, ight miles NW tuflia, between lake Onega. Ind 90 broad, 1 Europe. A* |h it abounds, If quickfands, I place to place, Icaufe feveral Ive fatal to thd flat>bottomed veiTels of the Ruffians* This induced Peter the Great to cut a canal, 67 m*'!" Jong> ^'O"* ^^ SW ex- tremitv of this Uke to the river Neva. Ladoga, Niw, a town in the Ruffian government of St. Peterf- burgh, feated on the Volkhot, between m inconfiderabic the Volkhof. Ladogna, or Lacedogma, a town of Naples, in Capltanata, with a bifl>op's fee, 60 miles £ of Naples. Ladkone ISLANDS) iflandsofthe N Pacific Ocean. They m'c i i in number, excluiive of the finall iflets and rocks, and He in about 140° £ Ion. and between 11 and aiS° N lat. They were difcovercd by Magellan, in 1511. He touched firft at the ifland of Guam, where the natives ftole fome the province of Halland, feated near the Baltic, witli a caftle, 50 miles N of Copenhagen. Lon. iz 40 £| lat* 56 31 N. Lahore, the capital of a province of the fame name, in Hindooftan Pro- per. It is fitwate on the Rauvee, and ^elake and canal of Ladoga, 70 miles is a place of high antiquity, the refi- £ of St. Peterfburgh. Old Ladoga, dence of die Mahometan conquerors of place> is higher up Hindooftan, before they had eftabliih- ed themfelves in the central parts of the country. It is now the capital of the Seiks. Here they have maau* fairies of cotton cloths and ftuffs* and of very curious carpets. Lahore is a I z miles N by W of Delhi. Lon» 73 45 E, lat. 31 15 N. LAHORE) a fertile province in Hin* dooftan Proper, bounded on the W hy Candahar, on the N by Caflimere, on the £ by Sirinagur and Delhi, and on the S by Moultan. It is oftener called of his goods, wliich caufed him to Panjab, or the country of Five Rivers* name thefe Ulands the Ladrones, or If- lands of Thieves. The principal if. lands are Saypan, Tinian, Guam, and Rota. or five eaftern branches of the Indus. In the tti& between the Indus and the Chelum are fait mines, wonderfiilly produAive, and affording fragmenta of Lagny, a town of France, in the rock fait, hard enough to be formed department of Seine and Marne, feat- intoveflels, &c. •'"'"'' Lainoon Hilts. See Langoon. cd'«th^ Marne, 15 miles £ of Paris. Lagos, a feaport of Portugal, in Algarva, with a caftle. Here die Engl ill fleets bound to the Straits ufn- ally take in frefli water. It is near Cape Lagos, oft' which, in 1759, ad- miral Bofcawen defeated a French fleet. It is lao miles SE of Lilbon. Lon. 8 3j W, lat. 37 » N. Lacuna, a town of the ifland of TenerifF, one of the Canaries. The lake from which it is fuppofed to de rive its name is now a very inconfider- abie piece of water. Lon. 16 13 W, lat 28 30 N. Lagunes or Venice, the mar- jhes or lakes in Italy, on which Ve- nice is feated. They communicate with the fea, and are the fecurity of the city. There are about 60 iflands in thefe Lagunes, which together make abifhop's fee. Lahn, a river of HeflC'CaiTel, which falls into the Rhine above Cob- Itntz. Laimo, a town of Naples, inCala- bria Citeriore, near a river of the fame name. Lon. 16 11 £, lat. 40 4 N. Lai-tchsou-fov, a city of China, in the province of Chan-tongt with a convenient harbour on the Yel- low Sea. Its jurifdiAion contains two cities of the firft, and five of die third clafs. L ALAND, a fmall Ifland of Den- mark, in the Baltic, lying S of Zea^^ land, from which it is feparated by a narrow channel. It is fertile in corn* with which it fupplies Copenhagen* Naxkow id the capital. Lambaie, a town of France, in the department of the North Coaft. It is the chief town of the late duchy of Penthievre, and gave the title of princefs to the unfortunate lady, who was maflTacred at Paris, in September 1792, for her inviolable attachment to the late queen of France. It has. a good trade in cattle, linen, and parch- Lakom, a feaport of Swedepi in aoent, and is 37 miles NWof Rennes. m^i,,. n 'LAM Lambxsc^ a town of FraocC) In the department of the Mouths of the Rhone, nine miles N of Aix. Lambeth, a village of Surry, on the Thames, oppofitc Weftminller. Here the archbifliops of Canterbury have an ancient palace. By the vaft increafe of buildings, Lambeth is now joined to the metropolis, in a direAion to each of the three bridges. Here is an afylum for female orphans, and the Weftminftcr Lying-in-Hofpital. Here alfo are a manufa^ory of arti- ficial ftone, extenfive vinegar and home-made wine wurks, a pacent-fhot manufadory, and numerous timber- wharfs. Lamborn, a town in Berks, wiih r market on Friday, fcated on a river of the fame nan^e, feven miles N by W of Hungerford, and 6S W of Lon- doji. Lamxgo, a town of Portugal, in Belra, with a bifliop's lee, and a ftrong citadel, 50 miles N of Lifbon. Lammekmuir, a mountainous ridge in Scotland, which div'des the county cf Berwick from that of Had- dington, for above 20 miles. They are, in general, very bleak and bar- ren, affording but fcanty pafturc for the iheep. Lamo, a kingdom and ifland of Africa, on the coaft of Melinda, be- tween the iflind gf Pate and Cape For- mofa. Its capital, of the fame name, is well fortifltd. The king and go- vernment, being Mahomecar.s, are frequently at war with the reft of the inhabitants, who are pagans. In 1589, the king of this ifland being accufed by the PoitugutlV of having betrayed the governor of the coaft, was feized, with four of his Mahometan fubjetts, in his own capital, and carried to Fate, where ihey were publicly executed, in the prefence of the king of that ifl.jnd, and of feveral kings of tne neighbour- ing ifl-r-ds i ever fince wh'ch, L^nrio has been tributary to the For ugueCe. Lamp eposa, a delcrt ifland on the "coaft of ruius, 12 liiilcs in ciicumfe- rence. It is 50 miles from Tunis, •nd ii» from Malta. It has a good LAN harbour, where fhips water. Lon. m o E, lat. 36 10 N. Lampsaco, an ancient town of I Natolia,, with a Greek archbiihop'i| fee. It is now an inconfiderable place I feated on the fea of Marmora, fix mildl from the Dardanelles. Lon. tj 20 1 E, lat. 40 12 N. 'Lancashire, a county of Eng.l land, bounded on the N by Cumber.l land and Weftmorland, on the E by I York/hire, on the S by Chelhire, and! on tlie W by the Irifli Sea. It is 74 miles I from N to S (including a detached hun. dredon theNW, called Furnefs,whichii| fcparated from the reft by a creek, n\ the head of Morecambe Bay) and iti greateft breadth is 42 miles. It is di- vided into fix hundreds, containing i^ I market>towns, and-63 ^parifhesi ^i\ fends 14 members to parliament. It I is a county-palatine, under the title ofl the Duchy qf Lancafter. The air, iaf general, is very healthful, the inhabi- tants living to a great age. This! county comprifes a variety of foil andl face of country ; but, upon the whole,! is one of thofe which art the Icaftfa.] voured by natuie. Among its pro. du£ls, is a fpecies of coal, called caa> nel, far exceeding all other, noton'yl in making a clear fiie, but for beingl capable of being manufaftured intol candlcfticks, cups, ftandilhes, hnft.l boxes, &-:. and of being poliHid, I'ol as to rcpre nr a beautiful black marble.l As a corrmercial and manufafturingl county, Lancaftiire isdiftinguifhed be-f yond any other in the kingdom. ItsI principal manufaflures are linen, fiik,j and cotton goods j fuftians, counter-j panes, fliailoons, bays, lerj;es, t?pesJ Imall ware, hats, failcloth, fackmgJ pins, iron goods, caft p:ate-giafs, &c,[ Of its commerce, it may fufficetoobJ fcrve, th.tt Liveipool is the fecond poitj in the kingdom. Lancaster, the county-town oil Lancalhre, governed by a mayor, rej corder, Aven aldermen, &c. Icleiid^ two members to pailiamentj is 1 ancient and popul between the Audrians and French, by which the latter were com' pelied to evacuate the Auftrian Nether- lands. Landen is feated on the Becke, vphcnce there is a fine profpeft of the 18 miles NWofHuy. See Nier- jiiountains of Cumberland, and of the wiND.iN. courie of the Lon } the view toward Lamdeknau, a town of France* the fea extending to the Ifle of Man. in the department of Finifterrc, feated Lancaiier carries on a confiderable trade, on the Eihorn, ao miles NE of Breft. tfpecially to the Weft Indies j and is Land is, a department of France* noted for the making of mahogany ca- including the late territory of Marfan. binet ware. It is 6i miles S of Car- It takes its name from a didri^l, c^i- fle, and 135 NNW of London. Lon. led Lindes, extending along the coaft of the bay of Bifcay. It is a barren fandy country, covered with fern, pines, and tlie holm tree j of the bark of which corks are made. Mont-de-Mar- fan is the capital. Lansgvard Fort, a fort on the Lancafter, in Pennfylvania. Here is a Suftbik fide of the harbour of Harwich^ college, founded in 1787, and named but within the limits of E/Tex, Franklin College, after the late Ur. Landrecy, a town of France, in J 56 W, laC. 54 4 N. Lancaster, a county of Pennfyl- vania, 41 miles long and 40 broad. Ill 1790, it contained 36,147 inhabi- tants. Lancaster, the county-town of the department of the North and late province of Hainault. Itwas'akenby the allies, April go, 1794, but re- taken July 15. It is feated on the Lancerota, one of the Canary Sambre, iS miles SW of Maubeuge, Jdes, 15 miles long and 10 broad, and 100 N by E of Paris. Landscroon, a fort of France, Franklin. It is feated on the Conef- togo Creek, 66 miles W by N of Phi- Udelphia." Lon. 76 17 W, lai. 40 % Lon. 13 26 W, lat. 29 14 N. Lanciano, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Citcriore, with an archbi fliop's fee. It is famous for its fairs in July ai.d Auguft, and is feated on the Feltrino, 87 miles NE of Na- ples. Landaff, a fmall place of Gla- morganlhire, but honoured with the appellation of a city, on account '■( its in the department of Upper Rhine, feated on an eminence, three miles N of Bafii. Landscroon, or Landscrona* a (eapor^ of Sweden, in Schonen, feat- ed on the Baltic, within the Sound, zx mi'es N of Copenhagen. Lon. iz 5X E, lat. <;5 ^2 N. Land's End, a promontory of being an ep fcopal fee. Ic is fe.ited on Cornwall, the moft wefterly point of theTaafV, near Card ff, ^o miles NW of BriiiiM, ami 166 W of London. Lon. 3 i8 W, lat. 51 33 N. Lanpau, a ftr<^pg town of Ger- Great B.irain, and a vaft aggregate of m 10! ftone. Lon. 5 40 W, lat. 50 6 N. Landschut, a town of Silefia, in the duchy of Schweidnitz, feat d on the Zeidcr, iz miles W of Schweid- nitz. Landschut, a town of Lower Bnvaiii, With a ftrong caftle, on an to raife the fiege. It is leited on the adjacent hi I. It is feated Oii ihe Ifer, Qyelch, nii^c- mils .•-, of N.uftadt, 35 milrs NE rf Munich. and 270 E rf Paris. Landschut, a town of Moravia, Landen, a town of Auftrian Bm- fe.ied vn ch<- M 'rav<», on the confinet Unt, famous for a battle gained by the of Hungaiy aiid Auftria. 1 j. ir.a y, 11 the piatinace of the Rhine, It was formerly irr.ncrial, but was ceded to the Frtnch in 1648. I. T.'l'ai-ed a feveri binibarimi-nt by the ullies, in '793 i ^^'^ tliev were compelled It is leited on the 1 1' > 'i ■ Lakdivcrg, a town of Germany, in the marche of Brandenburg, feated on the river Warta, 32 miles N£ of Francfbrt on the Oder. Lanosfskg, a town of Bavaria, feated near the river Lech, 23 miles S of Augflburg. LAMBKK,a borough of Lanerkfliire, feated on the Clyde, 20 miles S£ of Glafgow. LANSRKSHixit a county of Scot- land* bounded on the N by Dumbar- tonfliire j on the £ by the counties of Stirling, Linlithgow, Edinburgh, and Peebles } on the S by Dumfrlesftire ; and on die W by the fhires of Ayr and Renfrew. Its extent from N to S is 40 miles, and from £ to W 36. See Cltdssdalx Langdon, two contiguous patiflies In £flrex, in the road from Chelmsford to Tilbury Fort. The firft is called Ijnigdon with Bafildon j the fecond Langdon Hills, or Langdon with Weft Lea. This, which is likewife more commonly called Laindon Hills, was once fuppofed to be the higheft ground in £flex, but, on a furvey, it was feund not to be fo high as Danbury. The afcent on the N fide is eafy, but on the S, S£, and SW, the traveller b aft'iMiiflied at the defcent before him, ^ich exhibits a very beautiful and ex- tenfive valley, with a view of L<)ndon to die right; the Thames winding duough the valley, with the ihips fail- ing up and down, die view extending to the left beyond the Medway, and bounded in front by the hills of Kent. Langdon is 22 miles £ by N of London. Lamcxac, a town of France, in the department of Cantal, feated near the AUier, 17 miles £ of St. Flour. Lamgkais, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, once famous for it» excellent melons. It is feated on the Loire, 12 miles W of Tours. Lanosi-and, a fertile ifland of Denmark, in the ftrait called the Great Belt* It is 33 miles long, but fcarcely live in breadth. Lon. 11 o £, lat. 5S ♦ N. - , Langionk, a city of Afia, capi- Ul of the Uogdom of Laos, wxh a magnificent royal palace, feated on 1 fmall river, 140 miles S£ of Ava, Len. loi 15 £, lat. 21 12 N. Langon, a town of France, in the department of Gironde. It is noted for excellent wine, and is feated on die Garonne, 15 miles N of Bazas. Langpokt, a town in Somerfet. fliire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on a hill> on the Parret, which is navigable for l»rges to'Bridgewater. It is 10 miles S£ of Bridgewater, and 128 W by S of London. Langrxs, an ancient town of France, in the department of Upper { Marne, with a biihop^s fee. Its cut* lery wares are in high efteem. It ii feated on a mountain, near the fourcei < of the Marne. It is thought to ftand | the higheft of any in France ; and the | profped from the towers of the princu pal church is beyond conception. It I is 35 miles N£ of Dijon. Languedoc, a late province ^\ France, bounded on the N by Quetti, Rouergue, Auvergne, and Lyonoii; on the £ by Dauphiny and Provence { on the W by Gafcony; and on theS by the Mediterranean and Rouflillon. It was 225 miles in length, and 100 In breadth, where broadeft. Touloure was the capital. It is now included is *:he departments of Aude, Guard, Up. I per Garonne, and Herault. I Lanion, a town of France, intkel departmentoftheNorth Coaft. Itttndel confifts in wine and hemp, and ithal fome mineral waters. The inhabitantil of Lanion, Quingamp, &c. fpeak thel Welih language, which was probablyl brought hither by the Britons, wbol took refuge in thefe parts, in the fiftitl century. Lanion is 15 miles W of] Treguier. [ La N NOV, a town 6f France, in thel department of the North, five inii(t| from Lifle. Lansinburgh, a flourishing 1 in the ftate of New York. It was for.| merly called the New City, and ftai) on Hudfon's River, nine miles Ni Albany. Lanzo, a town of Piedmont, die river Sture, 12 miles NW ofTurifl Laon, • town of FraacC) ia " LAf L AT jepntmentaf Aifne» with a caftle, and tre alfo called Laplanders of thtWr>o(|s ^j a biHiop** fee. Its trade CDnft.ls (becauf'> in fummcr they dwell upon Boontain, 77 milea NE of Paris. Laosi a kingdom of Afia, bound- ed on the NT by China ; on the E by Tonquin and Cochin China ; on the S by Dmbodia ; and on the W by Bur- bteiy . . . . . io corn and wine ) and it is noted for the borders of the lakes, and in vinter excellent artichokes. It is |eated on a in the forefts) live by fiihing and hunt- ing) and choofe their filuacion from its convenience for either. All the ■ Swedifli and Norwegian, as well u the greatcft number of the Ruifian Laplanders, bear the name of Chrif- nah. It is full of forefts, and abounds tians } but their religion is full of fu. in rice and fruits. The king is abfo- perdition, a compound of ChriAiaa lute; and fhows himfelf but twice a and pagan ceremonies. year. Their religion is much the fame Lw\R, a town of Perfia, in the ' u in China. Langione is the capital, province of Lariftan, with a caftle. LaplanD) a country of Europe, It carries on a great tra^c in £lk. \ bounded on the N by the North Sea Lon. 52 4$ E, lat. 27 30 N. and the Froeen Ocean, on ihe E by Laracha, a ftrong town of the the White Sea, on the S by Sweden kingdom of Fez, feated at the mouth and the gulf of Bothnia, and on the of a rivrr of the fame name, with a W by Norway. It is fituate between good habour. Lon. 5 59 W, lat. 35 69an(*7S°of N lat. Swedifli'Lap- 40 N. land occupies the S divifioD, which is Lakeoo, a feaport of Spain, on the largeft ; RuflTian Lapland is fituate the bay of Bifcay, 30 miles W of Bil- inthe £ part; and Daniih Lapland, boa. Lon. 3 53 W, lat. 43 23 N. which is the fmalleft, extends the Labi no, a town of Naples, in wholelengthoftheSevernoi, achaln of Mollfe, with a bi(hop*s fee, 60 miles kfty mountains, on their northern fide. NE of Naples. The Laplanders are 0/" '■ middling fta- Larissa, an ancient town of Tur- ture. They have generally a flattifh key in Europe, in the province of face, fallen cheeks, darkgrayeyes, thin JannajyithaGrcekarchbiihop sfee. It beard, brown hair, axe ftout, ilr^ight, was famous as the refidence of Achilles, and of a yellowifli complexion^ occa- and retains its ancient name. It car- fioned by the weather, the fmoke of ties on a great trade, and is feated on their habitations, and their habitual the Peneus, 50 miles S of Sak>nichi. £itirmef$. Their manner of life ren- Lon. az 47 E, lat. 39 48 N. den them hardy, agile, and fupple, Laristan, a pruvince of Perfiat but, -at the fame time, inclined to N of the gulf of Pcrlia. Lar is the Indolence. They are fo proud of iheir capital. country and conftitution, that, when Lakrybundar, a feaport of Hin- removeJ from the place of their na- dooftan Proper, at the mouth of a Itivity, they ufually die of the nof- |t4lgia, or longing to return. Their women are fliort, often well made^ jcomplaifant, chafte, and extremely nervous; which is alfo obfcrvable ifometimcs among the men. The nen arc divided into Fiftiers and /lountainecrs. The former make llioir habitations in the neighbourhood branch of the Indus called the Lariy- bundar. Lon. 67 37 £, lac. 2444 N . Larta. See Arta> Lassa, a fmail city, the capital of Great Thibet. The houfes are of ftone, fpacious, and lofty. Seven miles on the £ fide of the city, is the mountain of Putala, on the fu.nmlt of which is the palace of the grand lama, f fome lake, whence they draw their LalTa is 850 miles N by £ of Calcuttiu ubfiftence. The others feek their Lon. 91 40 E, lat. 30 34 N. Support on the mountains, poflcinng Latakia, formerly Laodicba» lerds of raindeer, which they ul'e a town of Syria, with a harbour^ a cording to the feafon{ but they go bifliop's fee, and beautiful remains of icnerally on foot* The FUberS) who antiquity. It is tli« moft. fluwifliinf O r 11 ^ LAV .place on the coaft, and is 7$ ntHes •SW of Aleppo, and a4,5 N of Jerufa- 1cm, ^Lon. 34 30 £, lit. 35 40 N. Lattom, a village in EiTcx, zi miles N by W of London. It had a priory, whofe church, now ufed for a barn, is three miles S of the pariA church. Laval, a conllderable town of France, in the department of Maine, with two caftles. Since the revolution, it has been ere£(ed into a bifhopric. The inhabitants are computed at240oo. Linen is manafa^ured here; and the neighbouring quarries produce green marble, or black, veined with white. It is feated on the Maine, 15 miles S of the town of that name, and 40 W of Alans. LaVAMOND, OrLAVANT MiNDE, « town of C'arinthia, with a caftie, and a biibop's fee. It belongs to the arch- bi/hop of Saltzburg, and is feated on Che Drave, 40 miles E of Ciagenfurt. Lavaor, a town of France, in the department of Tarn. Before the re- volution, it was a bi/ho{l's fee j and it h feated on the Agout, ao miles N£ of Touloufe. Laubach, a (Irong town, capital of Carniola, with a biihop's fee, and a caftie. It is feated on a river of the fame name, by which it is fo divided, that it lies partly in Upper ano partly in Lower Carniola. It is 32 miles S of Ciagenfurt, and 155 S by W of -Vienna. Lon. 14 25 E, lat. 46 24 N. Laud A, a town in the bifhopric of Wurtzburg, 18 miles SW of Wurtz- burg. Laudxr, a fmall borough of Ber- wickshire, with a caftie, 22 miles S of Edinburgh. Laudvroalx, a diftrift of Ber- wickshire, in Scotland. Lavxllo, an ancient town of Na- ples, in Bafilkata, with a biHiop's fee, 30 miles E by N of Naples. Lavilt, or Lafelt, a village near Maeftricht, remarkable for a bat- tle gained hereby the French in 1747. Latxnham, a large clothing town o£Su0b)k, with a market on Tuefdjy, feated on a branch of the river Bret. In (IhiKh 11 one of tb« finoft in the TAV county ; Its fteeple 137 feet high, ft is 12 miles S by E of St. Edmund'i. Bury, and 61 NE of London. Lavxr, the name of three conti. guous parifliesin Eflex, 2X miles N by W of London, diftingutfted by the appellations of Hr&H, Magdalin and Little. In High Laver, Mr! Locke fpent the laft ten years of hij life, at the feat of fir Francis Maftam bart. Here he died, in 1704, and ml interred on theS fidiof thechurchyanL under a black marble graveftone. La o F r E N, a village of Swiflerland, in the canton of Zuric, three miles 8 by W of Schaflhaufen. Here is a ce. lebrated cataraft of the Rhine} the perpendicular height of which is 50 or 60 feet, and the breadth 300. LAurrxN, a town of Swifferiand, in the canton of Bafle, feated near the river Birs, 12 miles SW of Bafle. LAurrEN, a town in the duchy of Wirtertjburg, feated on the Netkar, 10 miles S of Hailbron. Lauffenburg, a ftrongtewnof Suabia, and one of the foar Foreft- Towns, with an old ruined caftie. It belongs to the houfe of Auftria, and ii feated on a rock, on the Rhine, which divides it in two parts. Here is a fmall cataract, which, though greatly inferior to that at Lauffen, deferves to be vifited by travellers, on account of the beauty of the fcenery. It is :^ miles £ or Bafii. Lauchton, a village in the W riding of Yorkfliire, on a high hill, near Roch- Abbey. The church it an elegant piece of Gothic architeflurej the fteple 195 feet high. Lavigna, a town of July, iotlis territory of Genoa, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, eight mllet from Rapalio. Lavington, a town in Wilti. with a good market on WedncfdayJ for corn and malt. It is 20 mil« NWof Salifbury, and 88 Why Sol London. Launcxston, a borough of Corn wall, feated on the Tamar, with market on Satnrday. Itistbecouu ty-town, and had a caftie, bow ii (uiau U is »3-inilf I l borough, and a place of great anti- miles N of Warrington, and 164 NW quity, but much declined in magni- of London. tude and importance. It has fuf}cred Lxighton-Buzzard, a town ia much in the civil wars, and in thofe Bedford/hire, with a confiderable mar« under Charles '^ was ftormed by the ket on Tuefday, for fat cattle. It is royalifts. The combing and fpinning feated on a branch of the Oufe, iS ofwoolinto worfted, and manufadlu- miles S of Bedford, and 41 NW of ringitinto ftockings, &c. is the chief London. bufinefs of this town and neighbour- Leiningen, a town of Germany, hood. It has five pari/h churches, in the palatinate of the Rhine, feyeu and a fpacious market-place. At a miles SW of Worms. parliament held here, in the reign of Liina, ariverof Germ.iny, which Htniy V, was made the fiift law for flows through Brunfwick. Lunenburg, 03 tEI and pafHnglty HiMgenftadt, Gottingrn, Calleiibergy and Hanovefi falls into the Alier. Leinstkr» a province of Ireland^ bounded on the £ and S oy St. George''s £!hannel, on the W h; Connaught and Munfter^ and on the IT by Uifter. It is 1 12 miles in length, and 70 m breadth. It contains 12 counties and 'S5S pariHies. The counties are Ca« thorlough) Dublinj Kildare, Kilken- ny, King's County, Longford, Louth, E Meath, Queen's County, W Muth, Wexford, and Wicklow. It is the ntcft level and beft cultivated^! ovi nee in the kingdom. The air is tempe- rate, and the foil fruitful in corn and paftures. Dublin is the capital. LxiPsiCK, a ftrong city in the dcclorate of Saxony, with a caftle, and a fanioiT^ univer/ity. Here are three great fairs every year, which laft a fortnight each. Leipfick was taken by the imperialifts, in 1632, and in 1641 by the Swedes. In 1745 and 1756, it was taken by the Prw.flian9. The Auftrians took it, in 1758, but were foon obliged to givr it up. It was reftored to the eJeflor in 1763. It is feated between the rivers Saale and XWuldf, near the confluence of the PleyfTe, the Elfter, and the Barde, 40 miles NW of Drefden. Lot). J2 25 E, lat. 51 19 N. Leith, a fcaport of Edlnburgh- fliire, on the fiith of Forth, two miles N of EdinburgiS, of which it is the |)ort. It is a large and po^'uious town, «nd being fituate on both (ides of the harbour, is divided into N and S Leith. The haiLour is fecured by a noble ftone pier, at the mouth of the little Ttver, called the Water of Leith. The commerce of Leith, both foreign and domeftic, is very confiderable. Ships of gr^t /ize are built at this pore ; and here are feveral extcnfive ropewalks. There are alfo fiouriih- ing manufactories of bottle-gbfs, win- dow-glafs, and cryftal ; a great car- pet manufactory, a foap-work, and fome iron forges. There are three churches in Leith, and an ancient hofpital for difabled feamen* Lon. 3 7 W, lat. 56 o N. L£M LiiTH-HiLL, a hill in Surry, a?* mired for one of tihe fineft profpedls in Europe, five miles £ by S of DarUngi Leitrim, the county-town cf Lti. trim, in Ireland } formerly a place of fome note, of which St. Lieg-.)s was Ih« ihop. It is 80 miles N W w Dublin. LeiTrim, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaught, bounded on the V by Donegal Bay, on the NE by Fermanagh, on the E by Cavan « by Longford on the SE, Rofconunon on the SW, and Sligo on the W. Ii is 42 miles long, and 17 broad; ist fertile country, and, though moun. tainous, produces great herds of blatk cattle. It contains 21 parifhes, md fends fix members to parliament. Leixslip, a town of Ireland, In the county of Kildare, with a caftit, feated on the LifFey. Near it, is» fine waterfall, called the Salmon Leap, and the ruins of the church and caAle of Confy. Leixflip is eight miles W of Dublin. LxMBURG, or Leopold, a large commeicial city of Poland, capital of the palatinate of Red Rulfia, and now of the Auftrian kingdoms of Galacii and Lo'^omeria. It is feated on the Peltu, 90 miles NW of Kaminieck, and Tjo E of Cracow, It is well for. tified, and defended by two citadels; has a Roman catholic archblfliop, and an Armenian and Ruffian biftiop. In 1704, it was taken by ftorm, by Charles XII. Lon. 24 26 £, lat. 49 51 N. Lembro, the ancient Imbkos, an ifTand of the Archipelago, on thecoaft of Romania, 22 miles in circumfe. rencey with a town of the fame namci and a harbour. Lon. 26 £, lat. 40 25 N. Lemgow, a town of Weftphalia,in the county of Lieppe, 17 miles N of Paderborn. Lemnos, a celebrated Ifland of the | Archipelago, nov; called Stalimenii It is near the ftraits of Gallipoli, and its capita] is of the fame name. It is above 112 miles in circumference, ac- cording to Pliny, who fays that it is often fliadowed by Mount Athos, though at the dlftance of 87 mllesi ] in Surry, ai)< eft profpefts in S of Darkingi 7-town cf Lei. eriy a place of Llegns was bi. ^ V* wi Dublin. f of Ireland, ia lught, bounded (ay, on the N£ : £ by Cavan } B, Rofconunon on theW. It 17 broad } ist though moun* it herds of black I pariihes, and parliament. of Ireland, in !, with a callle, Near it, is a le Salmon Leap, hurch and uftle s eight miles W :oPoi.D, a large oiand, capital of Ruffia, ai)d now kdoms of Galacit feated on the of Kaminieck, It is well for- two citadels; Tchbifhop, and lan bifliopa In by ftorm, by 4 26 E, lat. 49 :nt Imbros, an agO) on the coaft s in circumfe* the fame name, a6 £, latt fWeftphaliaiin 17 miles N of j ited Ifland of the iSTAtlMlNX. if Gallipoli, and le name. It is cumference, ac« fays that it !> I n Mount Athos, le of 87 mllcsi The poets 'ns(de.. it facred ta Vulcan} who was thence called Lemnius Pater. Lemno^ was alfQ celebrated for its <]a- byrinth, cf which not a trace remains. Th< modero Greeks entertained. the fame opinion of that earth of LemnoSy which is.faid .to have cured Phtlo^- t»3, and which G4en went to pxamine. I( is never dug up, but un one particu- lai day of the ye^r, and then with all tbt pojTipof ceremQny. Thi« earth, Miied Terra Sigillata, formed into. fcDail loaves, and fealed with the grand Jignior's feal, is then difperfed.over all Europe. The g^e^teft virtues are . at. tributcd to it ; and ,yet a chymift can difcover nothing but a mere clayey earth, incapable of producing the ef« fe£lsafcribed to it. Lemnos is fubjedb tothe Turlcs ; but the inhabitants, who are almoft all Greeks, are very induf- uious. It is the fee of a Greek arch. biAop. Lon..35 28 £, lat. 40 3 N. Lena, a -river of Siberia, which receives 16 large rivers, and falls into the Frozen Ocean, by feveral mouths. Lekcicia, a ftrong towr> of Po- land, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a fortt feated on a rock, on the river Blura, 37 miles S£ of Gncfna^ and no N byW of Cracow* Lon. iSioE, lat. 51 10 N. LzMKAM, a town uf Kent, with a nuri;et on Tuefday. It is (eated on ao eminence, 10 miles £ of Ma dftone, sod 47 £S£ of London. Lennox* See DuMBAkTOM- (HIEE. Lens, a town of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais, eight miles N£ of Arras, and 95 of Paris. Lkntini, or LxoNTiNi, a town of Sicily, in the ^alhy of Noto. It was greatly damaged by an earthquakes in 1693, and is feated on a river of the fame nume, 17 miles SW of Catania. Lenzburg, a town in Swiflerland, on a fmall river, in the canton of Bern^ eight miles W of Baden. Liogan£, a town of the Weft Indies, with a good harbour, on the VV iide of St. Domingo. It was taken ^ the EngliA and royalifis in January 1794, but retaken by the republicani- in OAobcr following. Leominster, a borough of Here-' forafhiie, with a nnarket on Friday. It is noted for its fine wool, and is feated on tlie Lug, 25 miles W by N of Worcefter, and 137 WNW of Lon- don> Lso, St. a ftrong town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, with a biihop'a fee. It is feated on a mountain, ndar the river Marrechia, eight miles SW of San Marino, and 15 NW of Urbino^ Leon, a fertile province ofSpain» formerly a kingdom, bounded on the N by the Afturias ; on the W by Gali«ia and Portugal } and on the S by £ftra- madura and Caftile, which alfo bounds it ontlie £. It1s 125 miles in length, and 100 in breadth, and is divided in- to two parts by the Douero. Leon, a city of Spain, capital of the province of that nanae, built by the Romans in the time of Gaiba, with a bi/hop*s fee; It has the fineft cathedral in all Spain, and is feated be* tween two fources of the Efra, 50 miles S£ of Oviedo, and 165 N by W of Madrid. Lon. 513 W» lat. 42 45 N. Leon oe Nicaragua, a town of New Spain, in Nicaragua j the refi- dence of the governor, and a bifliop^s fee. It was taken by the Buccaneers . in 1685, and is feated at the foot of a volcano, at the NW extremity of lake. Nicaragua, 30 miles from the Pacific Ocean. I..on. 88 10 W, lat. ix 25 N. Leon, New, a kingdom of N America, lying between New Mexico on the N, the gulf of Mexico on the £j Panuco on the S, and New Bifcay on the W, Lxonard-le-Noblzt, St. an, ancient to ii of France, in the depart ■> men* of Upper Vienne, with a confi- derahle manufaAory of paper, and a« nother of cloth for clothing the army. It is feated on the Vienne, iz miles NE of Limoges, and 195 S of Paris. Leonkart, a town In the duchy, of Carinthia, 42 miles E of Clagenfurt* Leontini. See Lentini. Leopold. SeeLsMSURC. l4Eo?ox.osTAi>Tf a ftrong towa 04 ^T'* '^ «»tV ( f I I ^i ' L E R •f Upper Hungary, built by the etn- peror Leopold in 1665. It is feated •o the Waag, 36 miles NW c/ Neu- luufei, and 62 £ of Vienna. LzPANTo, a confiderable feaport •fLivadia, with an archbifJiop's iee. iC is built on a mountain, in the form of a fugar-Ioaf, and is divided into four towns, Ainound'-d by as many walls, and commanded by a caflle. It was taken by the Venetians from the Turks, in 16S7, but was afterwarU evacuated, in 169.9, in conffquence of the treaty of Carlowitz. Near this town, don John of Auttria obtained a Cimous vid^ory over the Tuikifh fleet, in 1 57 1. It. is feated on the gulf of Leparto, 100 miles WNW of Athens, asd 3 ^o SW of ConAantinopie« Lon. ft2 oE, Idt. 38 30 N. Lef£r til Isle or^ one of the New Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon. 168 o £, lati 15 23 S. Leria, or LxiBiA, a town of Por- tugal, in Edramadiira, with, a caftle, and a bifhop's fee. It was formerly the refidence of the kings of Portugal ; and is 30 miles S of Coimbra, and 60 N of Lifbon. Lebici, a feaport of Italy, on the E coait of the gulf of Specia, in the territory of Genoa. Lon. 9 55 £, lat. 44 5 N. . , , Lerioa, an ancient city of Spain, in Catalonia, with a bifliop's fee, a ufiiverfity, and a caftle. It is feated on a hill, on the Segra, 16 miles SW of Babgue'r, and 200 NW of Madrid. Lerins, the name of two iflands in the Mediterranean, on the coafl of France, five miles from Antibes. In that neareft the coaft, tailed St. Mar- garet, ftate-prifoners were formerly confined. It was taken by the £nglifh in 1746, but retaken in 1747. The- other is called St. Honorat. LxRMAt a town of Spain^ in OU Caftiie, feated on the Arlanza, with a palace and a park. Lon. 3 S5 W, lat. 42 16 N. . Lernica. a village in Cyprus, formerly a large city, as appears from its ruins. It lies on the S coaft of the ifland, and bus a good road, and a fmall fort. y^ • LES Lt 1 0, or Le r o I, anciently Lt K ];( an ifland of the Archipelago, on the coafl of Natolia. Lon* 317 o E, Ijt, 37 oN. Lerwick, the chief town of the Shetland iflands, on the £ fide of the Mainland, or principal ifland. It j| the rendezvous of the fifhing bulTet from Britain, HoJland, Denmark, &c. Lon. I 30 W, Jat. 60 «o N. Le the department of Upper Saone, lying to the E of Vefoul. Here is a cavern, 35 paces deep, and 60 wide, which ferves as a baromftcr. A fog, at che entrance of this glacier, is an infallible fign of rain the next day» From the- reof, which is 50 feet high, defcends- columns of ice, of a prodigious "^"v Thi brook, which runs through . t of this grotto, is frozen ia 1 .ijer,. but flows in winter. Leuk, a town of SwliTerland, in- the Upper Vallais, feated on an emi- nence, near the Rhone. It is one of the independent commonweaths of the Upper Vallais, and is remat kable for \t& fprings, whofe water is fo hot that. it will bcil an egg. It is much fre- quented in the fummer, on account of tht^e fprings, which nearly refemble- thofe of Bath}^ but the accommodations are inconvenient: formerly, they were- tolerably g0v'.d ; but> in 171 9, an ava- Lncbe (a vaft body cf fnow) fell with- fuch impetuoficy from a neighbouring, glacier, as to overwhelm the greated part of the houfes and the baths, and to del^roy a number of the inhabitants* Lon. 7 39 E, lat. 46 iz N.. Levroux, an ancient town of France, in the department of Indre^. with a caftle, 35 miles SW of Bourges. LsusE, a town of Auftrian Hai- na'«k, feated on the Dender, 14 miles- NW of Mens. Leut.-:irk, a free imperial town' of Suabia, on a rivulet that falls into< the Uler, 22 mi.'es NE of Lindaii. Leutmeritz, a town of Bohe- mia, capital of a circle of the f?-.ie- namc, with a bifhop's fee. It is feat- ed on the Elbe, 30 m'lCs NW of" Prague. Lon. J4 30 E; lat. 50 31 N^ Lewarden, a populous and (Irong town of the United Provinces, capita^ % ':t i LEOC of Friefland. It has feveral canals !n the ftreets, which are continued not only to the fea, but to the moft con- Jlderable towns in the province. It is 27 miles W of Groningen, and 65 N by E of Amfterdam. Lon. 5 32 E^ lat. 53 II N. Lewentz, a town of Upper Hun- gary, in the county of Gran, and on the river of the fame name, where the Turks were defeated in 1644* It is 35 miles N£ of Gran. LeweSj a borough of SulTex, with n market on Saturday. It contains fix pariih churches, and is featcd on the Oufe, which is navigable here for baiges. Near this town was fought a battle in 1263, when Henry III and his fon (afterward Edward I) were rhade prifoners by the earl of Leicefter. Lew^s is (itiiate on the declivity of a hill, on which ate the remains of an ancient caftle, 30 miles E of Chichef- ter, and 49 S of London. Lon. o 5 E, lat. 50 55 N. Lkwis, one of the moft coniidera- b'e of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, wh'ch being conneAed by a narrow ifthmus with Harris, forms but one ifland, about 60 miles in length, and of great breadth toyvard the middle and north end. It is greatly interfe£led by arms of the fea, by which it may be faiJ to be divided into five peninfulas. The country, in general, iswild, bleakf Itarren of wood, and little fitted for cultivation. Stornaway is the only town in Lewis. This ifland belongs to Rofsfture. There are feveral infe- rior ifies and rocks, comprehended under Inverncfsfhire. The whole lies io miles NW of the ifle of Skye. Lewisburgh, the county-town of Mifflin, in Pennfylvania, feated on the Juniau. Lon. 77 39 W, lat. 40 35 N. Lewisham, a Village in Kent, on the rivei Raven/bourn, five miles SB of London. The church is an elegant uew edifice. Lexington, a town of N Ame- rica, capital of the ftate of Kentucky and county of Fayette. Near thi* tovyn are to be feen curious fepulchres, full t)f human ikeletons j the method LEZ of burying in which appears to be to. tally difterent from that now pradtifed by the Indians. In the neighbourhood, alfo, are the remains of two ancient for. tiiications, with ditches and baftiont. Pieces of earthen vefifels have alfo been ploughed up near Lexington j a ma. nufa^ure with which the Indians weie never acquainted. Thefe fortificationc, with the burial grounds, have been urged as an argument, that this coun. try was formerly inhabited by a people different from the prefent Indians, and farther advanced than they in the arts of life. In a word, Mr. Filfon, in his account of this country, has ad. vanced arguments to prove, that thefe people were, in all probability, an an. cient colony from Wales. Lexing. ton flands ^t the head of the Elkhorn, 470 miles W of the new city 0^ Walhington. Lon. 85 10 W, lat. 38 20 N. Ley DEN, a city of the United Provinces in Holland. It is four milei and a half in circumference. It has eight gates, and contains 50 iflands, and 145 bridges, the greateft part built of freeftonA There are feveral hof. pitals, and a univerfity, which has generally 200 ftudents, though there are but two colleges j fcr the fcholars board in the town, and have no drefs to diftinguifh them. Here are manu- fadlorics of the beft cloths and fluffs in Holbnd. Leyden is famous for the long fiege it fuflained, in 1573, againft the Spaniards. It is feated near the ancient bed of the Rhine, four miles E of the German Ocean, and 20 SW of Amflerdam. Lon. 4 33 £, lat. 52 10 N, LsYTE, one of the Philippine If- lands, about 237 miles in circumfe- rence. There are very high moun- tains, that cut it almofl through the ipiddle, and occafion fo great an alte- ration in the air^ that when it is win- ter on the N, it is fummer on the S fide of the ifland. It contains 9000 inhabitants, who pay tribute to the Spaniards. Lon. jzc o £, lat. 11 o N. Lezina, a town of Naples, in Capitanata> on a bay of the gulf of Lie Venice>'75 miles NE of Naples. Loo. 15 14 E» l*^' 41 44 N. LiiANus, the name of (Dountalnt (/Turkey in, Alia, which lie between Syria and Paleftine, extending from W to £ from the Mediterranean as fiir as Arabu. They are fo high, that they 3tt always covered with fnow ; but below. are very fruitful vallies. They, were formerly famous for cedar trees ; but now fcarcely any remain. LiBAU» a feaport of CourUnd, on. the Baltic, 45 miles N. of Memel. ion. 1140 E, lat. 56 31.N. LiBooKNX, a populous town of. ErancC) in.tbe department of Uironde. Ijt is one of the (laples of the c *nmercL of Bourdeaux, and is featcd on the Dordogne, 20 miles NE of Bourdeaux, and 205 S by W of Paris. Lon. o. 11 W, lat. 44 58 N. LicH, or Lie HA, a towA in the. Jindgravate of Heffe, and county of Solms, £1 miles N of Francfort on the Mainf. Lichfield, acity of StafForJihire, with two markets, on Tuefday and Saturday. It is a city and county of itfelf, and unites with Coventry in. forming one epifcopal fee. It contains, three parifli-churches, befide the ca- thedral, afreefchool, and:two hofpitals ; is 14 miles S£ of Stafford, and 1 1^ NW of London. Lon. 1 44 W) lac. $2 54 N. LicHTENBERG, a caftle of France, In the departmejit of Lower Rhine, feated on a rock, near the Vofges mountains, and confidered as impreg- nable, It is 12 miles fmm Haguenau. LicHTENBURG, a town of Ger- many, in the margravate of Cuiiem- bach, 30 miles N£ of CuUembach. LicNTCKrcLS, a town of Ger- many, in the bifliopric of Bamberg, feated on th$ Maine, 1 5 miles NE of Bambergf LicHTXNSTXiG, a town of Swif. ferland, capital of the county of Tock- enburg. It is feated on the Thur, 3 1 miles £ of Zuric. LicoLA, a lake of Naples, former- ly famous for excellent fi(|i j but, in 1538, an earthquake happened, which changed ooe part of i( iaXo a gioi^- tain of afliei, and the other Into a m^- rafs. It was anciently known by thai name of the Lucrine Lake. Li DA, a town of Lithuania, in the. palatinate of Troki. Lon. S5 34 X» lat. 53 54 N. Li DD, a town of Kent, witli »i tparket on Thurfday. It is feated in. Romney Marlh, and i; a member of the Cinque Ports. It is 1$ miles S of^ Canterbury, and 71 SE of London. LinroKD, a village of Devonfliire, on the river Lid, three miles £ oi: Qrent Tor^ It was once a famous bo«f rough, with a caftle; and its parifli, may. now compare for lands and liber- ties with any in the kingdom, the, whole foreft of Dartmoor being in the, verge of it. The bridge is thrown^ over a part of the river that is pent between two rocks ; and the water is. at fuch a depth below, that paflengera can oi^ly hear its water, without feeing it. Near this is a fine cataraC). 1( 19 nine miles S by W of Oakhampton* and 204 SW of London. Li.DOLX, a river of Roxbarg(hire» Which falls into Solway Frith, near U^e moytl) of th,e Elk. LiDoisDALX, » diftri£l of Roa-> burgthire, comprehending the fouthera angle of that county. LiecHTENAO^ a town of Germa« ny, in the margravate of Anfpach, 17 miles S of Nuremburg, and fubjcA t». that city. LizGx, an. ancient city oC Weft- phalia, capital of a bifhopric of the. fame name. Here the Maefe is dl*. . vided into three branches, which, after having paired through the city under feverai bridges, unite again. Here is. a famous univerftty, and a convent of^ Engllfh nuns. Li.*ge is four miles ia circumference, has 150 ftreets, an with a caill';, feated on the Ornfy, eight miles SE of Bar- le- Due, and 125 of Paris. Lie ON, a feaport, in the peninfuia of Malacca, capital of a territory (4' the fame name, with a magazine be- Ibnging to the Dufch £uft iodia cu»;* LIM pjsy. It Is feated on the £ coaft. Lnn. lOO 5 E, lat. 7 40 N. LiGVKiL, a town of Franv'e, in tbe department of Indre and Loire, fcjted on a brook, 23 miles SS£ of Tourf. LiLLZRS, a town of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais, feited on the Navex, 17 miles NW of Arras. LiLLO, a fort of Dutch Brabant, on tbr £ flde of the Scheld, I'even miles N of Antwerp. It was taken, I793» ''y ^^^ French, who foon ifter evacuated it, retaking it, however, in 1794- Lima, a city of S America, capi- tal of Peru, with an archbi/hop's lee, aiid a univerfity. In 1534, Pizarro marching through the country, was ftrack w th the beauty and fertility of theextenfive valley of Rimac. There, on a fmal! river of the fame name witli the valley, at the diftance of five miles from Callao, the moft commo- dious harbour in the Pacific Ocean, he founded a city, and gave it the name ofCiudad de los Reyes. This name it retains among the Spaniards in all legal deeds, but is better known to foreign- ers by that of Lima, a corruption of the ancient appellation of the valley in which it is feated. Lima gives its name to the principal audience of Peru, and is furrounded by brick walls, I with ramparts and baftions. The llreets are handfome and ftraight : the Iioufes are generally only one ftory high, on account of the earthquakes, hut what they want in height they hive in length and depth j for fome of them aie 200 feet long, and pro- Ipurtionabiy broad, fo that they have 1 10 or 12 large apartments on the I ground floor. The city is four miles I in length, and two in breadth. It is Ithe feat of the viceroy, and contains jfeveral courts, as that of the viceroy, lof the archbilhop, of the inquifition, I&c. Earthquakes are very frequent, |and by that in 1746, it wasalmoft de- Jroyed. The Inhabitants are fo rich, liuwhen the viceroy, fent from Spa'u io i68z, made his public entrance pnto this. city, they paved the ftxcets LIM he was to paft through with Ingots of filver. Lima is Soo miles S of Q^ito* Lon. 76 44 W, lat. 11 1 N. Lima, an audience of Peru, lying on the Pacific Ocean, bounded on the N by the audience of Quito, on the £ by the Andes, on the S by the audience of Los Charcos, and on the W by the Pacific Ocean. LiMALC, a town of Auftrian Bra- bant, feated on the Dyie, 13 miles S£ of BruHeis. LiMBuAG, the capital of Auftrian Limburg, It was taken by the French in 1675, and by the allies in ijox. Here is a manufactory of woollea cloths, and it is famous for its excel- lent cheefe. It ii feated on a moun- tain, near the river Verfe, 15 miles S£ of Liege. Lun. 6 e £, lat. 50 ii N. LiMBURC, a province of the Ne- therlands, (uhjpSk partly to the Auftri- ans, and partly to the Dutch. It is bounded on the N by the duchy of Ju- liers, on the E by that duchy and the territory of Ai.v !a-Chapelle, and on • the S and W by the bifliopricof Liege^. from which it is feparated by the Meafe. It is 42 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It contains fome of the beftiron mines in the Netherlands* The capital of the Auftrian part is of the fame name. Limburg, a town of the eteAo- rate of Treves, feated on the Lahn^ 10 miles £ of NalTau. Limerick, or LougkMiath, a city of Ireland, in the county of the fame name. Within a century, it was reckoned the fecond city in the kingdom : at prefentit has loft its rank i not becaufe it fiourilhes lefs, but be- caufe Cork flourifhes more.. It is. ftill a commercial and populous place ; and confifts of the Iriih and Englifti Town J the latter fituate on an ifland, formed by the Shannon, and called King's Ifland. It is three miles ia circumference, and has markets on Wednefday and Saturday. The linen, woollen, and paper manufactures, are, carried on here, and the export of pro* vifions is confiderable. Ardfert and A^hadoe, In the county of Kerry, are V' «m\ted to tke fee of Limerick. King 'WllUtm WM obliged to raife the fiege of this city in 1^90} but, in x6oi« the ganifon furrendered on a very ho- nourable capitulation. It is 94 miles SW of Dublin. Lon. S 34 W, lar» 5« 4sN. LiMBSiCMf a fertile county of Ire- land, in the province of Munftet) 48' miles in lengthy and »3 in breadth, bounded 00 the N by Tipperary and Claret fromv^ich iaft it is feparated by tiie Shannon } on the W by Kerry j on the S Iqp Gorlq and on the E by Tipperary. It contains 1 30 pariihes, and fends eight members to parliamenr. LiMMX, a village in Rent, four miles from Romney. k was former- ly a ftourilhing port, till choked up by the fands. It. u('c:i to be the pl^ce where the lord wavflcn of the Cinque Ports wu fworn, at his entrance on his office. The Roman Stane-ftreet ended here} and the ruins of the Ro- man walls may be feen. Here was a caftik!) now converted into a farm- liovife. LiMMATt a river of Swiflferlund) formed by die jnndiion of the Mat and the Linth; the former ifTuing- from the lake of Wallenfladt, and the latter fidwing from the S. The Limmat flows mrough the lake of ZuriCf and falls into the Aar, below Baden. Limoges, an ancient town of Prance, capital of the department of Upper Viennc, with a bifhop's fee. It is a trading place, and its horfes are in great efteem. It is feated on the Vienne, 50 miles NE of Perigueux. Lon. I 20 E, lat. 45 50 N. LiMosiH, alateprovinceof France, bounded on the N by La Miiche, on the £ by Auvergne, on the S by Querci, and on the W by Perigoiu aM Angoumois. It is now the de- partment of Upper Vienne. LiMOUX, a commercial town of Prance, in the department of Aude. It has a manufactory of cloth; and its environs produce an excellent white wine, called La Blanquettt de Limoux, the Perry of Limoux. It is feated on the Aade» 37 milet W by S of Nar- EINi LtMCiis, or Links, a ftrong tow» of France, in the. department of the; North and late provincer of French Blanders, feated on a river, 10 miles &W of Dunkirk. LiNcotN, the capital of Lincoln. fhire, urith a market on Friday. It is feated on the fide of a hiiJ, Qn the Witham, which hare divides into three ftreams. It had formerly 50 churches, now reduced' to 14, befide the cathe- dral. It is a bi/hop's fee, the Jargeft diocefe in England, The catliedrai ii admired for its interior architedlure, in the richeA and lighted Gothic ftyle. The great bell, called Tom of Lincoln, recjuires 11 men to ring it. Lincoln lends two members to parliament, and is a county 0/ itfelf j whofe libertin extend ao miles in circumferenc^ It is 3a miles NE of Nottingham, and 133 N of London. Lon. o 25 W, lat. 53 15 N. LiNcoLNSHiKB, a county of Eng. land, bounded on the N by the Hum. ber, which divides it from Yorklhire; on the E by the Getiiian Ocean } on the SE by the Waft and Norfolk; on the S by Cambridgeihire and North- ampton A Jrc 5 on the SW by Rutland. fhire j and on the W by the counties of Leicsfter and Nottingham. If is 77 miles long, and 45 in breadth, where wideft. It is divided into three parts ; namely, Holland on the S£, Keftevan on the SW, and Lindfey on the N. It contains 30 hundreds, one city, 31 market-towns, and 630 pa. rifhes j and fends twelve memberi to parliament. The air is various, accord* ing to its three divifions. The foil, in many places, is very rich, the in. land part producing corn in great plen* ty, and the fens coIe>feed, and very rich paftures } whence their breed of cattle is larger vhan that of any other county in England, except Somerfct' fhire ; their horfes are alfo excr.llent, and very large { their hunting hounds and hares are noted for their fwiftnefs} and their fheep are not only of the larg> eft breed, but are clothed with a long thick wool, peculiarly fitted for the worlted and coarfe.woolien maaufJC* tures. Liacoln U the capital* -I^S" LI J* LivDENrxLs, a town of Oerma* ny, in the pdadnate of theRhiiie> 17 miles N of Ht.delberg. LiNDISrARNX.SeeHOLYlStAKD* LiNDKoPiNG, a town of Sweden, capital of W Gothland, with a biihop*a fee. It is feated on lr!ce Wenner, ix miles NW of Skar, and 178 SW of Stockholm. Lon. 13 5 £, lat. 58* 85 N. LiNPAV, a free Imperial town of Suabia. Here is a celebrated abbey of canonefles, whofe abbefs is a princefs of the empire, and a Roman catholic, though the inhabitants of the town are prateAantSt It is a trading place, and is feated on an ifland of the lake of Conftance, it miles SE of Buchorn, and 75 S by W of Augfburg. LiNDSEY, the largeft of the three principal divilions of Lincolnflnre, in- eluding ail the county that lies N^ of Lincojfl, and the FoflTdike, which Henry I ciit between the Witham and the Trent. The air is generally tfteemed healthy, efpecially on the W £de. Toward the N£ is a large traA ofheathy land, called the Wolds. See AXHOLM. Lin GEN, a ftrong town of Weft- phdia, capital of a county of the faire name. It belongs to the king of Prufiia, and is feated on the Embs, 30 miles W of Ofnaburg. LiN-KiAWG-rou, a city of China, in the province of Kiang-si, feated on the river Yu-ho. It has only four cities of the third clafs in its diihidl ; liutis of fume note, on account of one of Its villages being the general mart for all the drugs fold in the empire. It is 410 miics N by E of Canton. LiN-TjiN-TCHEou, a city of China,. in the province of Chan-tong, feated on the Great Canal. Among the edifices admired here, is an octagonal tower, divided into eight ftories, the walls of which are covered on the out- fide with porcelain j and near this are feme temples of beautiful architecture. It is 115 miles S of Pekin. Linlithgow, a borough, the tounty town of Linlithgowftire. Here the kings of Scotland had one of their ngbleft palaccsj now in nims^ but here 13 (6\\ Aewn the room in which Mary queen of Scots was born. Lin'* lithgow it 16 miles W of Edinburgh. Lon. 3 34 W, lat. 56 o N. LiNtlTHGOWSHIKK, or WeST Lothian, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N by the frith of Forth, on the E by EdinborgbihirCf on the SW by Lanerkfliire, and on the W by Stirlingihire. It is 19 miles long from NE to SW. Itt breadth, except' on the Ihore of the Forth, does not exceed is. Linos A, an ifltod of the Mediter* ranean, on the coaft- of Africa, j% miles from I^ampedofa, and la miles in circumference. Lon. 12 31 £, lat. 36 50 N. LiN*TCHXOv-rov,acity of China, in the province of Kiang-nan } inciu- ding, in its jurifdidion,- two cities of 1 th<^ fecond, and fix of the third dafs, LiNTz, a town of Germany^ capir* tal of Upper Auftria, with iv"> caftles. Here is a hall, in which the ftates af. femble, and a bridge over the Danube* The French took it in 1741, but tha Auftrians retook in 1742. It is feat- ed at the confluence of the Danube and. Traen, 42 miles E o£Pa0*au, and 100 WofVienne. LrN Ts , a town, in the eleAorate of Golognej feated on the BJiins, 15 miles NW of Coblentz. Linton, atownof Cambridgefhire, with a market on Thurfdny, 1 2 miles SE of Cambridge, and 46 N by £ oiT London. Lipari Islands, i» iilands in the Mediterranean, N of Sicily, be* tween lon. 14 i and 15 lai £, and lat. 38 so and 3S 40 N. They are nearly as follows \ Lipari, Strombolo, Volcano, Salini, Fcllcudi, Alicudi, Panari, Vdcanello, Vachekife, Lilica, Dattolo, and Tiia Navi. They arc fubjeA to the king of Naples, and produce great quv^ntities of alum, fuU phur, nitre, cinnabar, raifins, cor» rants, and figs. Some of their wines are much cfteemed j particularly the Malvafia, well knuwn all over £urope* Thefe iflands ar« of volcanic origin. ■ Lipari, the mo(V fertile and popu« kuu of the Liperi Iflands^ 1.5 tQiies i)| niix LIS The harbour will contain ie,ooo fSi of /hips, which ride in the greateft fafety. It is feated on the Tajo, 10 miles from its mouth, and 255 S by W of Madrid. Lon. 9 5 W, lat. jj 42 N. LisBURN, a borough of Ireland, ia the county of Antrim. It was burnt down about 53 years ago j but haj been neatly rebuilt, and has a manu. fadory of linen cloth. It is feated on the Laggan, eight miles SW of Belfaft. LiscA, one of the Lipari Iflauds, a fmail defert fpot, three miles SW of Strombolo. Lisixa, St. a town of France, in the department of Arriege, lately an epifcopal fee. It has a chapel, once famous for the refort of pilgrims. It is feated on the Satat, 5c miles SE of Auch, an-? 390 S by W of Paiis. Li SI £ u X, an ancient town of France, in the department of Calvados, lately an epifcopal fee. It has a good trade in linen cloth, and is feated at the con* fluence of the Touque and Orbec, 40 miles SW of Rouen. Lisle, a ftrong city of France, in the department of the North and late province of French Flanders, of wbicii it was the capital. It is one of :be richeft and moft commercial places ia France ; and the inhabitants are com- puted to be 65,000. It is called Lille (that is, VIp, The Ifland) becaufe it Was formerly furrounded by marflies, which have been drained. Its citadd, by Vauban, is the fineft in Europe next to that of Turin. They have manu- fadlures of all forts } but theii^ princi. pal trade is in camlets. Lifle was taken by the allies, in 1708 ; but was re. fiored in I7i3a,in confideration of the demolition of the fortifications of Dun« kirk. In 1792, it fuftained a fevers bombardment from the Auflrians. Ic Is feated on the Dcule, 14 miles Wo£ Tournay, and 1 30 N of Pariii. Loni 3 9 £, lat. 50 38 N. LisMORE, one of the Welern If- lands of Scotland, in a fpacious bay, between Mull and Argylefltire. It is a fertile ifland, nine miles long, and two broad ; and was the reHdeiice of the bilhopi of Argyle*. LIT tJiOSttft a river, which rifcs In Ca» rinthia, and LUs into the gulf of Venice, at the harbour of the fame name. LisiA, an tfland in the gulf of Venice, wi the coaft of Dalmatia, belonging to the Venetians, who have here a filhery of pilchards and anchovies. It produces excellent wine, and is 70 miles W of Ragufa, Lon. 17 o E, lit. 41 5* N. LissA, a town of Poland, m the pilatinate of Fofnia, 50 mile* W of Kalifth. L18SA, a village of Siiefia, 16 miles from Breflaw, remaikable for a great viAory gained by the PruiTians over the Auftrians, in 1757. Lithuania, a fertile country of Europe, anciently governed by its grand dukes, but, in 1 569, united to Po- land under one ciedlivc king. It is bounded on the S by Volhiniaj on the W by Littla Poland, Polachia, PruiHa, and Samogttia } on the N by Ruflia, which laH: alfo bounds it on the E. It ii 300 miles in length, and 450 in breadth. Its principal rivers are, the Dnieper, Dwioa, Nieman, Pripecs, and Bog. Among the various pro- du<38 of this country are excellent lit- tle horfes, which they never (hoe, be- caufc their hoofs are very hard. There are vaft forefts, in which are bean, wolves, elks, wild oxen, lynxes, bea- vers, wild cats, &c. and eagles and vultures are very common. In the foreiis, large pieccr of yellow amber are frequently dug up. The country fwarms with Jews, who, though nu- merous in every other part o.f Poland, feem to have fixed their heailquarters in this duchy. The peafants are in a ftate of the moft abjefl vjlTala^e. In 1772, the emprefs of Ruilia compelled the Poles to cede to her all that part of Lithuar.ia bordering upon Ruflia, and including at leaft one third of the country. This (he erected into the two governments of Polotflc and Mo- bilef. In 1793, in conjuiiAion with thf king of Pruflja, flie elFe£led another partition of Poland, in confequence of which Hie extended her dominion over glmott the whole of Lithuania. LiTiz, a town of the Hate of Peoa* LIV fylvanla. Here is a flouri/Wng Set- tlement of the moravians. It is eight miles from Lancafter, and 70 miles W of Philadelphia. LiVADiA, a province of Turkey iir Europe, bounded on the N by Janna ; on the £ by the Archipelago} on the S by the Morea ; and on the W by the Mediterranean. It includes an- cient Greece properly fo called, and its capital is Athens. LiVADiA, an ancient town, in the province of that name. It carries on a trade in wool, corn, and rice, and is 58 miles NW of Athens. LiVAOoSTA, a town of Livadia, feated on the gulf of Lepanto, in the ifthmus of Corinth, to the N of the city of that name, with a biHiop's fee* LiviNZA, a river of Italy, in the territory of Venice, which falls into the golf of Venice, between the mouth of the Piava and the town of Caorlo* LivcRDuN, a town of France, iit the department of Meurthe, feated oa a mountain, near the Mofelle, eight miles NE of Toul. LjviRtooL, « flauriHiing borough, and feaport of Lancashire, with a mar* ket on Saturday. At the commence* ment of *!iis century, it was only • fmall village, a hamlet to the pariflt of Walton, three miles ofF. It is now^ with refpe£t to commerce, the fecond port in the kingdom. It is feated on the Merfey, and has an excellent har* hour, formed with great labour and ex* pence, fliips being admitted into noble wet docks, fecured by large floodgates. One very confiderahle branch of its trade is chat of procuring Haves on the coaft of Africa. The trade to Ireland is very confiderable j many /hips are fent to Greenland ; the coafling trade to Lon- don employs a great ntimber of (hips f and many g'od Aips are built here.. Liverpool communicates, by the Mer* fey, with Warrington, and with a canal, called the Sankey Canal, run* ning to fome coal-pits, and oJiet* works, a little way up the country, by the Irwell and the duke of Bridge* water's Canal, with Manchefter } by the Weever, with the CheOiire falC. works) and by the duke of Bridge* ■1| j LLA' ' w«fett*8 Ciinal, with the StafFonllhire Grand Trunks and all its commu- nicAtion^ The Exchange) a handfome modern edifice, was burnt downj Jan. i8f 1795* At Liverpool it aii af • fembly-room and an elegant playhoufe. The new borough gaol is a large ftruc- tare» on Mr. Howard's plan. Befide the two parochial cburchctf there are ten other churches for the eftabliflied religion. There are alfo Roman Ca- tholic chapels and di/Tcnting nieeting- houfes; and, among the charitable foundations, are alni6L^>ufes for the widows of mariners killed or loft at fea, or decayed feamen} and anew afylum for lunatics. Ldverpool is 18 miles W of Warrington> and 403 NW of Lon- don. Lon. 2 54 W, lat. C3 23 N. Livonia, a province of the Ruf- fian empire, which, with that of £ft« honia, lias been reciprocally claimed and pofleiTed by che three bordering powers af Ruliia, Sweden, and Poland. It was finally wrefted from the Swedes by Peter the Gtcat, and confirmed to thus Ruflians in 1721. It now forms the^ government of Riga, or Livonia, of which Riga is the capital. It Is bound- ed on the N by the government of Re- vel, or Efthonia j on the £ by that of Plkof, orPlefkof} on the S by that of Polotflc and part of Poland j and on the W by the gulf of Livonia. It is £50 miles from N to S, and 150 from B to W. The land Is fo fertile in corn, that it is called the granary of the North. The czar Peter, perceiv- ing the inhabitants did not like the change of fovereigns, compelled them to abandon their country, and drove many of them as far as the Cafpian Sea ; but being perfuaded to recall them, moft of them perilhed' before the edidb was publiflied ; fo that he was obliged to repeople their country with other Mtions. LizAto, a promontory of Corn* wall, the mod fouthern in England, whence (hips ufually take iheir depar- ture, wlien bound to the weftward* Lon s 10 W, lat* 49 57 N. LtANBtDBBy a town of Cardigan- Aitv^ mth a market on Tuefday. It LLAI is feated on the Tyvy, over which li a bridge into Carmarthenflure, 24 miles E fay NofCardigan^ and^i97WNW. of London. Llanoilovawb^ a town of Car*., marthenfhire, with two market;, on Tuefday and Saturday. It is feated on an afcent, on theTowy, 13 milej NE of Carmarthen,, and 194 WNW or London. Llanslly, a town cf Carmv. tbenflrire* with a market, on Tuefday, It is feated on a creek, 13 miles S by, E of Carmarthen, and 216 WNW. of London. Llamoasoc, a town of Cannir>. thenfliiref with a market on Thurf- day. It is feated between the Bnuie and Sawthy, 18 miles N£ of Caraiar. then, and 185 WNW of London. Llangollen, a town of Den* bighfliire, with a beautiful bridge of four arches over the Dee, ^evea roiiei SW of Wrexham, and 184 NW of London. Llawimdovkky, a town of Car* marthenfliire, with two markets, oa Wednefday and Saturday. It is feated near the Towy, 26 miles NE of Car. marlhen, and 181 WNW of London. Llanroost, a town of Denbigh* fliire, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on the Conway, 15 miles SW of Denbigh, and 222 NW of London. Llantrissent, an ancient town of Glamorgandiirei with a market oa Friday. It is governed by a portreeve, who is fworn by the deputy conftable of the caftle that ftands near it. It it 10 miles NW of LandafF, and 166 W of London. Llanvillino, atownof Mont. gomeryfliire, with a market on Tuef* day. It is feated near the river Cane, 15 miles N of Montgomery, and 17^ NW of London. Llanvolos, a town of MontgOo mcryfliire, with a great market on Sa< turday, for woollen yarn. It ii 1% miles SW of Montgomery, and 180 WNW of London. Llavchaxn, a town ofCarmat* thenAire, with a market on Friday. It is feated at the mouth of the Towyy L O C titu the rains of two c»ftle8* Iti« feven miles SW of Carmarthen^ and 833 WNW of London. to, St« a town of France, in the department of the Channel. It is feat- ed or, the Vire, and has a good citadel. It has confici.erable manufadlories of fergeS) fhalloonS} rlbandsy and gold and filver lace, and is la miles from Coutances, and 115 W of Paris. LoANDA, a town of Africa, capi- tal of Angola, in Congo, with a good harbour, a fort, and a biOiop's fee, fubjea to the Portuguefe. Lon. 13 35 E, lat. 8 15 S. / LoANGO, a kingdom of Africa, in Congo, lying on the Atlantic. It is 250 miles in length, and 188 in breadth* The king and hi: court refide in i, town of the fame name. The land is fo frui ful, that they have three crops of nillet in a year. The women cultivate the ground, fow, and get in the har- veft. This country lies between 20 and 19° E lon. and I and 5° S lat. Lob AW, a town of Weftcrn Pruf- fia, with a caftle, where the bifliop of Culm reiides* It is 25 miles from Culm. LoBOA, a town of Spain, in Eftra- madlira, feated on the Guadiana, 21 miles ^ of Badajoz. Locarno, a town of Swifleriandy capital of a diftriA of the fame name, one of the four tranfalpine baillwics. It contains 1 500 inhabitants. Part of the town is buik on piazzas, in the form of a crefcent, with two wings ; and, in the front, is a row of trees, and the pubKc walk. It contains three convents, and a fmall Franclfcan mo- nailery, perched on a rock overhangw iflgthe valley, and commanding a fu« pcrb view of iht lake of Locarno, and its magnificent boundaries. Locamo wu once fituate on the lake, and had a port capable of receiving large barks : at prefent it iiands at the diftance of a quarter of a mile, which is owing to ttv" accumulation of fand brought down by the torrent Mafgia. It is 46 miles N of Novara, and 55 N by W of Milan. Lon. 8 31 E,lat. 46 loN. LocARNO) Laxs of. SeeMAQ- LOG Lo c H A a K K , a bleak, barren, moiitt* tainous diftriA of Invernefsihire, i« Scotland. LocHEMf a tovm of Dutch Guel- derland, in the county of Zutphen* feated on the Borrel, 10 miles £ of Zutphen. LocHXR Moss, amorafsofDum'* fries/hire, 10 miles in length, and three in breadth, where vaft oak trees^ canoes, and anchors, have been fre« quently dag up. LocHss, a town of France, in tlie department of Indre and Loire, with a ftrong caftle, the profpe£k from which is very extenfive. Here was one of thofe liorrid dungeons, built by Levns XI, the walls, floors, ceilings, and doors of wliich were lined with plates of iron faftened to bar? of the fame metal. Tlie unfortunate Ludovic Sfor- zav duke of Milan, taken in battle, under Lewis XII, eaided his days in one of them. In the choir of the late col. legiate church, is the tomb of the ce- lebrated Agnes Sorel, miftrefs of' Charles VII, to whofe patriotic exhor« tations that monarch ovved aimoft all his glory. Lochet i^ itmA on tha Indre, 15 miles S of Amboife. LocHMABXN, a borough of Dom- friesfhire, fituate on the Annan, nearly ■ oppofite the place where it receives tbe< united Yea and Kinnel, 10 miles N£ of Dumfries. LocHRiDA, or OcRiDA, t iarg» town of Turkey in Europe, feated on- 3' hill', near a lake of the fame name, in Albania, with a Greek archbifliopV fee, 62 miles S£ of Dui'azao. LocHTA, a feaport of Sweden, in £ Bothnia, feated on the gulf of Both- nia, 90 miles S of Tomea. Lon. a^ 16 £, lat. 64 20 N. LocnwiNNocH, a town of Ren« frewfliire, feated on the lake of the fame name, called alfo CaUle Semple Loch, which is three miles in length. On an ifland in this lake, is an old fortrefs, called the Peel} anamefre-* quently given to old fortrelTes in Scot- land. From this lake iffucs the rivor Black Cart. LoCHY, Locif, a lake indw SW part of Invernef«ihi>«« 10 mile* io^^ LOI f ength, and from one to two in breadth* From the NW die waters of Loch Arkeic defcend into this lake. Out ef it runi the Locbyy which| after re- ceiving the Spcany hih into Loch Ei). LoDDONy a town in Norfolk, ich a market on Friday) eight miles S£ of Norwich, and 113 NEoF London. LoDXSAN, a diftrifl of Italy, in the duchy of Milan. Its cheefes are in high efteem. Lodi is the capital. LoDEVE, a town of France, in the department of Herault, lately a bifliop's fee. It has manufactories of hats and of cloth for the army, and is feated on the river Logue, at the foot of the Cevennes, ty miles NW of Mont- peilier. LoDi, a flrong town in the duchy of Milan, capita! of the Lodefan. It is 20 miles S£ of Milan. Lon. 9 %6 £f lat. 45 15 N. Lot>oMiiiiA* See Galicia. LoDRONX, a town in the biAop- ric of Trent* feated on lake Idro, where it receives the river Chiefci 31 milei SW of Trent. LoiwxMBTxiN, a fortrefi of Get- many t in the cireieof Franconia, capi- talof a diftriC^ of the fame name. LoGowoGORoo, a town of Poland* in Volhinia, feated on the Dnieper* asmilesNWof Kiof* LoGKONNo* an ancient town of Spain, in Old Caftile, feated on the £bro, 52 miles E of Burgos, and 115 N by E of Madrid. Loir and Cher, a department of France, including the late province of Blafois. It takes its name from the rivers Loir and Cher } the /ir(l of which falls into the Sarte, and the laft into the Loire. Blois is the capital. LoiRK, Upper, a department of France, late the province of Velay. It takes its name from the principal river in France, which rifes in the mountains of the Cevennes, begins to be navigable at Roanne, and water- ing Nevers, Orleans, Blois, Touts, Saumur, and Nantes, falls into the b^y of Bifcay* below Paimbceuf. Le Puy is the capital. Loirs, Lowxr, a department of Fraocci containing part of the late pro- LOIT vtnctf of Bretagne. Nantes is t^ tu pital. LoikKT, a department of France* late the province of Orleanois; fy named from a river that fails into the Loire. Orleans is the capital. LoMBARDY, a part of Italy, which comprehends almoft all the ancient Cifalpine Gaul. It lies toward the N, and is divided into the Upper and Lower. Upper Lombardy, the weftern part, comprehends Piedmont, Montferrat, and Milan. Lower Lombardy, the eaftern part, contains Parma, Modena, Mantua, Ferrara, the Bolognefe, the territories uf the Church, the Paduaji, Vicentino, the Veronefe, Brefciano* Cremafco, and Bergamo. LoMBXz^ a t " LON LON Southwark, befide the fuburbs In Mid- exqulfite interior beauty, the nia((«f« iilefex. London and Weftminfter are piece of fir Chriftopher Wren. Bow in Middlerex, on the N fide of the Church, in Cheapfide ; St. Bride's, in Thames j Southwark is feated on the Fleet-ftreetj St. Dunftan'sin the Eaftj eppofite bankf in Suny. The extent and St. Martin*s in the Fields, are of the whole, from Limehoufe and ymong the other churches moft dif- Peptford to Milbank and Vauxhall, is tinguifhed fot fine architefture. The above feven miles ; but the greateft pariA churches, in the Bills of Morta- breadth does not exceed three. The lity, amount to 146 ; namely, 97 within city is divided Into 26 wards, each go- the walls, 16 without the walls, 23 verned by an alderman. From the a dermen, the lord mayor is annually chofen; and there are 236 common counciUmen, a recorder, a common ferjeant, two flieriflFs (who arc alfo out pariflies in Middlefex and Surry, 10 in the city and liberties of Weft- minder,' and one belonging to the Temple, one of our celebrated feats of law. It was founded by the Knights Sheriffs of Middlefex) a chamberlain, a Templars in the reign of Henry H, townclerk, a city remembrancer, a wa- upon the model of that of the Holy ter-bailift', and many inferior officers. Sepulchre at J', ifalem. There are Weftminfter, once a mile from Lon- iikewife a great numbeir of chapels for don, but now united to it, is governed the eftablifihed church, foreign protef- by a high fteward, who is generally a tant churches, Roman catholic cha- nobleman of rank, chofen by the dean pels, meetings for the ditTenters of all and chapter, and has an under fteward, perfjiiafions, and three fynagogues fot who officiates for him. Next to him the Jews. The roynl palace of St. is the high bailiff, chofen alfo by the James Is an ancient building, very dean and chapter. The fuburbs are mean in external appearance ; but the undrrthe jurifdi^lonofthemaglftrates apartments are faid to be the beft cal- of Middlefex, who, befide their coun- cuiated for regal parade of any in Eu-> ty-hall, on Clerkenwell Green, have rope. The town re fidence of the royal an office inBow-ftreet, and feven other family is a houfe at the weft fide of St. public ofijces. Southwark was long James* park, built by the duke of independent of London, but Edward Buckingham, in 1703 t being pur* III graiited it to the city. It was then chafed by the king in 1761, it receiv- called the village of Southwark : it ed the appellation of the Queen's Pa- was' afterward named the baillwic. lace, but is ftill frequently called Buck- In the reign of Edward VI, it was ingham Houfr. Carleton Houfe, in formed Into a twenty-fixth ward, by Pall-mall, is the refidence of the prince the name of Bridge Ward Without, of Wales, and is a ftateiy building, on The city has a high bailiff and fteward which vaft fums have been expended, here. Among the churches in the but is not yet completed. Among the metropolis, is the cathedral of St. Paul, public buildings,, which can merely be 2192 feet in circumference, and 365 enumerated here, are Weftminfter in height to the top of the crofs. Weft- Hall, containing the fupreme courts of min*♦•'•"•*' t' LON fublic offices which form that mag- nificent ftraAura rsiieA Somerfet Place } -the Royal Es . ige, in Cornhill j the Bank of England in Thread needle- ■ fireet } the Cuftomhoufe, in Thames- ftret} the Ezcife Office, in Broad- ftreet ; the-Eaft India Houfe, in Leaden- hall.ftrest; the Manfion Houfe ibr the lord mayor ; the Monument, in commemoration of the. great fire in 1666 { the ancient bridge, »Jled Lon- don-bridge} and the two magnificent modem bridges of Black-friars and Weftminfter. The Britiih Mufeum . in Great RuiTelfftreet, Bloomlbury ; and the Lcverian Mufeum, in Great Surry- ftreet, are, perhaps, the nobleft of thieir kind in Europe. The Inns of Court for the ifaidy of the law; the colleges, learned focicties, and publ'c feminaries } the public places of diver- fion } Uie halls of the different trading companies ; the noble hofpitals and 4)ther charitable inflitutions ; the pri- . |b|is ; with its fine fquares and ftreet j, its flouriflung sianufadlures, and its prodigious commerce, favoured by va- rious local and peculiar advantages, are all too numerous to be here par- ticularly mentiotied. It. may f uffice to obferve, that London is the firft city in Europe with refpeA to opulence,. and nearly, if notxotirely fo, as to number of inhabitants. Paris and Conftanti- nople may difpute the latter with it. Its population, like that of all other towns, has beei^ greatly overrated, and ia not yet exadly determined } * but it is probable,* fayb Dr. Aikin, * that the rrfidents in London, Weftminfter, Southwark, and all the out parifhes, .fall.ihort of .6oo>ooo.' London is a Inihop's fee» .and fends four members to parliament. To enumerate all the events by which this great capital has been diftinguifhed, would greatly ex- ceed our limits .: we fhall only mention, therefore, the great plague, in 1665, which cut oft' 90,000 people, and the dreadful conflagration, in 1666, by which 13,000 houfes were deftroyed. London is 16$ miles NW of Paris, S64 SE of Dublin, and 180 W by S «f Amfterdam, Lat. 51 31 N. ^^ LoMOOM) Nkw, a feaport Qf N LON Am^ncai in the ftate of Conne^ciH> and county of the fame nmius- Its harbour, die befl in Connedicut, ii defended by two forts, and is feate*]' at the mouth of the Thames. 80 nvlei NE of New York. London, Nkw, a town ofVIrgi. nia, on James River. LoNooNOXRRY, a handfon:e town of Ireland, capital of a county of the fame name. It is ftill furroun'ied b) walls, and is remarkable for a lon^ fiege it fuftained againft James II, iq 1689, till a naval force from England, with fome troops under general Kirke, broke the boom acrofs the harbour, and brought a feafonable re. lief; by which the enemy were fo difpirited, as to raife the fiege. It ii a modern place, built by a company of London adventurers in the reign of James I. The principal commerce of Loiidonderry is with America and the Weft Indies. It contains 10,000 in- habitants, and is feated on the river Foyle, over which a wooden bridge, 1068 feet in length, and of fingular and excellent conftruflion, wasere£l(d in 1 70 1. Londonderry is four miles S of Lou. 1 Foyle, and 104 NW of Dub- lin. Lun. 7 5 W, lat. 55 4 N. LoKDONOXBKY, a county of Ire. land, in the provinceof Ulfter, jimiln in length,, and 30 in breadth j bounded on the W by Donegal, on the N by the ocean, on the S end SW by Tyrone, and on the £ by Antrim* It containi 31 parifhes, and' fends eight meroben to parliament. The greater part of thii county was givoti by James I, to aa incorporated conipany of London mer- chants. The linen manufa£lure figu. rifhes through every part of it. LoNcroRO, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, 25 milei in length, and j6 in breadth; bound- ed on the E and S by Weft Meath ; on the NW by Leitrim ; on the NE by Cavan ; and on the W by the Slian- non, which parts it from Rofcommoo. It contains 24 paieifiies, and fends 10 members to parliament. . LoNcroRc, a borough of Ireland, capital of a county of the fane muh 7Qfl)Ues^WofDybUo. ..Ajf-.-^ ■...'.!;. I .^r^fcji/ .'.*:.. i-ti^- x o o hose, IsLA-ND, an Uland of the < ftate of New York, feparated from Connedicut by Long Iflmi Sound» and divided into three counties. It is 140 allies long) bat not more than 10 imadt This ifland, in 1792* con- tained upward of .30,000 inhabitants. Long Island SouND^a kind of inland - fea in N America, 25 miles broad, and 140 bog, extending the whole length of Long Ifland, and di- viding it from Connedicut It com- municates with the Atlantic at both ends of the ifland. LoNCiMico, a fmall town of Tar- key in Europe, in the Morea, anci- ently called Olympia, famous for being the place where the Olympic games- were celebrated, and for the temple of Jupiter Oiympi us, a milediftant. It IS feated on the Alpheus, 10 miles horn its mouth, and 50 S of Lepanto. LoNGTOWN, a 'town in Cumber- land, with a market on Thurfday, la miles N of Cariifle,' and 307 NNW of London. LoNGOzvi ttx, atown of France, in the department of Lower Seine, ' feated on a river, sj miles N of Rouen. LoNGWY, a town of France, in the department of Mofelle, with a caftle. > It is divided into the< Old and New Town ; the latter fortified by Vauban. It was taken by the king of Pruflia in 179s, but retaken two months after. - It is Aiated on an eminence, 15 miles SWofLuxemburgi and 167 N£ of Paris. LoNSOAtx. See Kikby Lons- dale. Lons'LE-Savlnixr, a town of France, in the department of Jura. It derives its name from the fait ^ings with which it abounds, and is feated on the river Sol van, 30 miles from Dole. Loo, a town of Dutch Guelderland, tight miles W of Deventer. Look, East and Wbst, two contemptible- boroughs in Cornwall, feparated by a creek, over which is ' a narrow ftone bridge of feveral arehes. They fend together as many members Itoparliament as London. The mar- ket of 'Eaft Loot is on Saturday.- LOR Tiiey tre 16 miles W of VlfuiaoAi and 23s W by S of London. Lookout, CArc, a cape of N Oanlina, S of Cape Iktteras, and op- pofite Core Sou.id. Loots, the c:^ital of a coantyof the iame name, in the bifliBpric of Liege, 16 miles W of Maeftricht. Lon. 5 19 £, lat. 50 5» N. LorATKA, Capx, the S extre« mity ofthe peninfula of Kamtfchatka. SeeKoRiLXs. LoKAf a town of Spain, in Anda- bfia, on the river Guadalquiver, aS miles NS of Seville. LoRA, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony and county of Hohenftcin, 30 miles N of Saxe Gotha, Lore, a town of Spain, in Grana- da, 1 5 miles N of Malaga. LoRB9S, atown of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, with a taftle, ftr.u iine> remains of antiquity. It Is 150 miles SW of Tunis. LoRCA, an ancient town of Spain, in Murcia, feated on an eminence, near the Guadalandn, 30 miles W of Carthagena. LoRCA, a town ofSuabia, in the du«hy of Wirtemburg, feated on the Remms, 10 miles NW of Eflingen. Lord Howx^t Grout, anexten- five group of iflands in the S Pacific Ocean, difcovcred, in 179 1, by opt. Hunter, w1m>' eojld diftin^Iy defcry 32, fome of xonfiderable extent. They- appeared thickly covered with wood, among which the - cocoa-nat was diftinguifliable. Loh. from 159 14 to 159 37 £, lat. 5 30 S. Lord Howk's IslakD; an ifland of the S Pacific Osean, 140 leagues £ of New S Wales. It abounds with a variety of birds, which were §y iin- accuftonKd to be diAurbed,' that our feamen came near enough to -knock (I iwn as many as they wanted with a luck. It was difcovered, in 1788, by lieutenant King. At its S end are two high mountains, the feutkernmof^ named Mount Gower. About 14 miles to the S is a remarkable- rock, named Ball^s Pyramid, which had «wch the appearanee -of a fteepl« at a '1 ''I ,-,.■« ««r\v>v »>»•*•• '*♦*'' I "*.-. , . .LOU . ' :4iftance. This ifland Is tlures irlles ipng, and very narrow acioft* Lor. VI59 o £» lat. 31 36 S. Lor EDO, a' town of Italy, in the- PoleHno di Rovigo, f'ated uo the ' Adige, 20 miles £' of Rovigo* Lui ET TO, a fbrti€rd town of Italy, .In the marquifnte ofAncona, with a iiifhop's fee. It contains the Cafa • £anta, or Huufc of Nazareth, in which . it is pretended that Jefus Chrift was brought upi and thac it was ranied • i>y angels into Dalmatia, and thence .' to its prefent lite. The inner part is 4rsry oldj but it is furrounded by a ' marble wail, and within is a church, ' built of freeftone. In this is the U- • anous lady of Loretto, to which pro- digious numbers frequently go in |it1- grioi::ge, among whom are aiftoy of the firft dilVm^ion,* and this c'.)apel ■ tnuft b<; immenfely rich, on account \ i>f the magnificent prefents made to c the Virgin from tine ^ time. Lwet. to is feaied on a mountain, thiee miles . fiom the gulf of Venice, it S£ of Ancona, and iit N£ of Rome. LoKGUEt, a populous town of .FraiKe,. In the department of Var, feated on the Argens, five miles W : hy S of Draguignan, and 360 S by £ of Pari". i Lorn, a diftriQ of Argyleihire, • between Loch £tive and Loch ^we. LoRBAiN, alateprovinceofFrance, '. bounded on the N by Luxemburg and . .Treves, on the £ by Alface and reux- Fonts, on the S by Tranche* Comte, and on the W by Champagne ■ and Bar. It is 100 miles in length, and 75 in breadth. In 1733) ^^ : French conquered Lorrain ; and, at the peace in I735» ''^ ^*^ agreed, tiiat Suniflaus, the titular king of Po. land» father-in-law to the king of France, fliould poHefs this ducliy with that of Bar, and that 'after his death tliey 0iould be united to France. It was alfu agreed, that Francis Stephen, duke of Lorrain, the emperor's fon- :n-)aw, (hould have the grand duchy . of Tufcany as an equivalent for Lor- . rain. After the death of the great duke of Tufcany, in 1737, king $uoifla»s and the duke tf Lorrun ■4*. ■ ■•. . LOU took po/Tefliun of thrir nfyt&in i^, minions. This prqrioce now fornit the thr^e departmenti of Meartfat, Mofelle, and the VofgeSo LoRRiCM, a fmall town of Cerma. ny, in the diftridl of Rheingau, fat- ed on the £ fide of the Rhine, cigbt miles NW of Bingen. LopRis, a town of Friuice, in the departmeni: of Loiret. It was the rt- fii'lence of Philip the Long, in 1317, and of other kings of France. It ji 15 mile:s W by S of Montargis. Lot, a river of France, which nitt in the departtneoc of Losere, and wa. terin^ A4eWde and Cahor^, enters tb« Omoantj bekw Agen. Lot, a department of France, in. eluding the late province of Qut rci. It takes its niune from .the river Lot. Cahors is the capital. Lot AMD Garonkk, a dtpart- mcnt of France, including part of the hte province of Guic""*, and foc^. led from two rivers. Agen ii the capital. Lothian, East. Sec Had- dingtonshire. Lothian, Mio. See Ediv. RVRGHSHIRI. Lothian, Wkst. See Lin- lithcowshirk. LouANS, a iinall town of Franc;, in the department of Saone and Loire, fituate in an ifland, between the ri- vers Seilles, Salle, and Solnan, jS miles SK of Chalons. LovovN, a town of France, ia j the department of Vienne. It is te< markable for the tragical end of ia | redtor, Urbain Grandier, who, in the year 1634, was burnt alive for )u> i ving caufed certain Urfulin nuns to be poflefred with devils ! Itis feated «a a mountain, 30 miles NW of Poitiers, and 155 SW of Paris. Lovchborough, a town of Lei- cefterflilre, with a market on Thuri- day, feated on the river Soar, 18 1 miles N uf LeiceAer, and 109 N by | W of London. LoviSA, a town of Swedifh Fin- land, feated on a bay of the gu'f of | Finland, and defended by a fortrefs. LovntUKQHy a town^f 1^ Ainc*| '^^(li\v>;.i^>l^4k^,nn' LOU rca, c»pit*J of the ifland of Cape Brt- too, with an excellent harbour. It wu taken by the English in I74S» reflored to the French in 1748, taken again by the En{ilibuilt on a clif^', on the moft eafterly -point Mi Great Britain ; partakes with Varmouth in the mackerel and her- jring filKeries ; is frequented for fca- .bathing \ and has a nranufadlory of xoarfe china* Jt is lo miles S of .Yarmouth, and 117 NE of London. .Jiilc broad. In oppofition to all the «ther lakes, it has its couiTe from N to S, and, under the lofty Mellbrcak, jfaJIs into Cromack Water. LowiCK, a populous town of Po- Jand, in the palatinate of Rav^ with Ji firong fortrefs, feated on the Bzura, 9,\ miles S of Plockfko. Low-Layton, a village in EfTex, Aivhich, with thatof Laytonftone, forms J>ut one parifli, and is Htuate on the flcirts of Epping Foreft. In this pari/h are feme remains of a Roman ftation ; i*everal foundations, with Roman bricks, xuins, &c. having been dug up. It js /tx miles NE of Loi^don. Lox A, a confiderable town of Spain, in Granada, fzated on the Xenil, 18 •miles W of Granada. Lox A, a town of Peruj 200 miles tIEofPaita. LoYTa, a town 'of Pomcrania, in the county of Gutxkow, feated on the jPene, 10 miles above the city of Outzkow. LoziRX, a department of France, including the late province of Gevau- ,dan. It is a mountainous barren xountry, and receives Its name from one of its principal mountains. Men- ,de is the capital. LvBAN, a town of the Ru(£an %u- ■vernmcnt of Livonia, 70 miles E sf Riga. LUBANSKEN SsA, Of, LaKX ^7 Lu3AN, 1 like in Livonia, into which the river Rofitta falls. LuBBEN, atownof LowerLufatia, ,£t(iate on the Spree. Ic is the capital /)f a circle of the fame name, and is .'60 miles SEof j^erlio. LonJ425E, Jat. 5ft o N. LuBzC) a feaport in the duchy of HoUUin, It jis a free impeiial cityi LUC •nd WM the head of the famous Im. featic league, formed here in 1164, It was iikewHe the moft commerciji city and powsriul rcpuhjc of the N irth. It reLains not a fhado'v of iu f;>rtTj';r power, and has loft great pait of its trade. The inhabitants are all Lutheranf, and there are five hrge churches, one of which is the cathe. dral. L jbec is feated at the cunfln. er:ce of feme rivers, the largefl cf which is the Trave, 30 miles NE of Hamburg. Lon. lo 44 E, lat. « 52 N. ^* LuBxc, a fmall bifhopric in the duchy of Hol'.kin, It has been en- joyeH by proteftant princes of the ho-iL of Holftein, ever fince 1561, when Lutheranifm was eftablifljed here. LuBEC, an ifland of the India^i Ocean. Lon. 1 12 && E, lat. 5 joS. LuBEN, a town of Silcfia, capital of a circle of the fame name, in the principality of Lignitz, 22 miles NW of Breflaw. Lon. j6 28 £, kt, 51 20 N. Lublin, a city of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the iame nain^ with a citadel, a biihop's fee, and 1 Jewifli fynagogue. It is feated on the Wieprz, 75 miles SE of Warfaw, Lon. 22 45 £, lat. 51 14 N. LuBOW, a town of Poland, in tie palatinate of Cracow, 50 miles SE of I Cracow. Luc, a town of France, in thede. I partment of Var, 25 miles NEofl Toulon. Luc, a town of France, in the I department of Ifere, feated on the| Drome, 32 miles S of Grenoblei Lucak-de-Baram^da, St. aj fine feaport of Spain, jn AndalufuJ with a bi(hop^s fee, feated at themoutlil of the Guadalqwiver, 44 miles S by I W of Sevi le, and ;270 of Madrid, j Lcn. 5 54 W, lat. 36 58 N. LUCAR-DE GuaDIANA, St. ll ftrong town of Spain, in AndaluCa,! with a fmall harbour, on the riverj Guadiana, 39 miles NE of Faio.| Lon. 8 16 W, lat. 37 18 N. ■ Lwcar-la-Mayor, St. a town! of Spain, in Andalufn, feated on ihej Gua^iaiia^ ip jniles NW g/Scvills -1 L >' '■At.'ti^Ss.L^^&^i:^^^ ■\ »t»>«.ti<**'i«'m»v«\"v-'' LUC ItcCA, a fortified town of Itaty, eapitjl of a republic of the fame name, with an arclibifliop's fee. Here arc confiderable manufadtoir.s of (i,k, and ot gold and filvcr ftufl's. Lucca is I'cated near the river Scrchio, lo Biiles NE of Pifa, and 155 N by W of Rome. Lon. 10 35 £, Jat. 43 50 N. Lucc-A, a rf{)ublic of Italy, lying on ihi Tufcan Sea. It is zo miles in Jtngtlii and 10 in breadth. Their oil, in particular, is in high efteem ; inJ the common people ufually eat cheft.mts inflead of bread. It is under the protcftion of the emperor, and the government is ariftocratic. Luck, a great bay of Wigtonfiiire, E of the Mull of Galloway, Luc ERA, an ancient town of Na- p'es, in Capitanata, with a bifliop's fee, 30 miles SW of Maiifredonia, and 65 NE of Naples. LucERN, the mod confiderabic of the cantons of SwifTerland, except Zuiic and Bern; bounded on the E by the cantons of Undcrwalden, Schweitz, and Zug j and on the N,W, and S, by the canton of Bern. '1 he inhabitants are , Roman catholics j and can fend 16,000 men into the field. It is 30 miles in length, and JO in breadth. The government is entirely ariftocratic al. LucERN, the capital of the cantnn of Lucern, in Switili land. It is divi- ded into two by a branch of the Renls, which fails into the lake, on which the town is feated. It fcarcely con- tsins 3000 inhabitants. The pope has always a nuncio refident here. In the cathedral is an organ of a fine tone, and extraordinary fize: * the centre pipe,' fays Mr. Coxe, ' being 4ofect in length, near three in breadth, and weighing 1 100 pounds.' Lucern is 30 miles SW of Zuric. Lou. 8 6 E, iat. 47 5 N. LucepNjLake or. SeeWAto- stabtter-See. Lucern A, a town of Piedmont, 15 miles SW of Turin. Luc HEN, a town of Spain, in Valencia, 30 miles S ^f the city of that name. tuc LvciA» St. one of the windwari Cjribbee iflands, in the Weft Indie», 22 mi'es in length, and 21 in breadth. George I, granted this ifland to the duite of Montagu, who fettled itj but difpates ariiing between the Frenclt and Engliih, it was agreed that the iflmd ibuuld be abandoned, and con- fidcred as one of the neutral iflands. In 1763, it was ftipulated, that'the neutral iflands fhould be divided be* tween the two crowns, and Su Lucia was :illotted to France. In 1779, it was taken by the Engliih, but reftored to the French in 1783. In 1794, it was again taken by the Englifli. It is 21 miles S of Martinico. hm. 60 45 W, lar. 13 25 N. Lucia, St. one of the Cape de Verd iflands, 400 miles W of the continent of Africa. Lon. 24 31 W, Iat. 16 45 N. LvciGNANO, a town of Italy, in Tufcany, 10 miles S of Sienna. * Luck NOW, an ancient and exten- five city of Hindooftan Proper, capital of Oude. It is meanly built j the houfes chiefly mud wails, covered wirli thatch ; and many coniiil entirely cf mats and bamboos, thatched witli leaves of the cocoa-nut, palm-ti r, and fometimes with ftraw. The ftreets ^re crooked, narrow, and v/orfe than moft in Inaia. In the dry feafon, the du;l and heat are into- lerable < in the rainy feafon, the mire is fo deep as to be licarcely pad'abie ; and there is a great number of ele- phants belonging to the nabob ^nd the great men of his court, which arc continually paffing the ftreets, either to the palace, or to the river, to the great danger and annoyance of the foot paiTenger. The comforts, con- veniency, or property of the people are, indeed, little attended to, either by the great men or their fervants j the elephant itfelf being frequently known to be irfinite y more attentive to them as he pafles, and to children in paiti- cular. Lucknow is feated on the Goomty, 650 miles NW of Calcutta. Lon. 81 25 E, Iat. 26 35 N. I.ucKo, a town of Poland, cipifal of Volhinia, with a ciudel, and a bl- .«>*•<*.• '>"'**'^ LUD LUN Aop^s feet feate^ on the river Ster» 75 mileeNEof JLemburg, and 175 S£ of Wtrfaw. I«on. Sj 30 £, lat. ^i 13 N. Lvco, a town of Naples, in Abritz« so UiteriorCf on the W bank of lake Celano. LujoN* or LrzoT;^. a town of Fr|mce, in the department of Vendue. Cardinal Richelieu was bifliop of this place. It is 17 miles N of RocheUe. * LucoftiA, or Maniila, the chief ofthe Philippine IHands, in the N Paci- fic Ocean, 400 miles in length, rr.d 100 in breadth. Ic is not fo hot as may fee expeAed, becaufe it is well water- ed by large lakes and rivers, and the l^riodical kains, which inundate all the plains. There are feveral volcanos in tile mountains, which occafion eatih- quakesj and a variety of hot baths. The produce of this ifland is wax, cotton, wild cinnamon, fulphur, cocoa- nuts, rice, gold, horfes, buffaloes, and game. Philip II, of Spain, formed a fcheme of planting a colony in the Philippine Iflands, which had been negle^ed fince the difcovery of them by Magellan, in 1521. Manll:a, in tthis ifland, was the Aution chofen for the capital of the new eftabllfhment. Hence an ".ftive commercial intcrcourfe began with the Chinefe, a confidera- bile number of whom fettled in the Pbinppine Iflands, under the Spanilh protedioiu Thefe fupplied the colo- ny fo amply with all the valuable pro- duftions and manufactures of Alia, as enabled it to open a trade with Ame- lica, by a direct «ourfe of navigation, the longed from land to land on our gkAte. This trade, at firft, was <:sr- ried on with Callao, on the coaft of Peru; but it was aficrw^.nl removed to Acapulco, on the coaft of New Spain. From thit port annually fail one or two fihips, which are permitted to car- ry out filverto the amount of 500,000 crowns, in return for which they bring hark from Manilla'fpices, drugs, China and J»pan wares, callicoes, . chintx, muilins, filks, &c. Lon. 122'^ B, lat. 15° N. I LuotasBUKO} a town of Germa- ny, in theduchyof Lawenburg, feat, ed on the Elbe, five miles above the town of Lawenburg. LvDHERaHALL) a borough in Wilt/hire, whofe market is difufed. It is 15 miles N of Salilbury, and 72 N by W of London. LvDf.ow, a borough of Shropftire, with a market on Monday, feated oq -the Tame. Here a court is held for (the marches of Wales; and it is en- compafled by a wall, havirg feven gates. It has likewife a caftle, where all bufinefs was formerly tranfjfled for the principality of Wales ; and a (lately church, formerly collegiate. It is 29 miles S cf Shrewfbuiy, and 138 NW of London. Lon. 2 42 W, Jat. 51 23 N. LuGAtJO, a town of Swiflierland, capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, the. prin«pal of the four tranfalpint bailiwicks. It is built round a gentle curve of the lake of Lugano, and is the emporium of the greateft part of the merchandife, which pafTes from Italy, over the St. Gothard, or the Bcrnaidin. It contains 8000 inhabi- tants, and is 17 mi es NW of Como. Lon. 8 48 £, )ar. 45 54 N. Lugano, a lake of SwifTerland, on the Italian Tide of the Alps. Itii 25 miles in length, andfiomtwota four in breadth. Lugo, an ancient city of Spain, ia Galicia, with a bifhop's fee. There are fprin^s in this city builing hot It is (eaied on the Minho, 32 miles SE of MondonneJo. L u I, A , a town of Swedi/h Lapland, at the mouth of the Luia, on the gulf of Bothnia, 42 miles SW of Tornea, Lon. 22 10 £, lar. 63 29 N. LuNO, the mjft ancient town of Sweden, ctpitdl of Schonen, wiih id aichbifliopric, and a univerfity. It is principally fupportcd by its univer- fity, founded by Charles XI, and from him called Academia CarolirJ Gothorum. Heie likewife a Royal Phyfiographical S ciety was inftituted in 1776. LunJ is 20 miles SE of Ljndfcrona, and 225 SW of Stock- holm, Lon. 13 26_E, hi, 55 33 N. LUN LUT ttJNDiN, a town of the duchy of Bolftein, feated near the Eyder, 36 jnilesNNWofGluckftadt. LuNOY) an iflind in the mouth of the Briftol Channel, between Dcvon- ihire and Pembroicefhire. Loa. 4 13 W, lat. 51 as N. LuKEL, a town of Franc?, in the department of Gard, near the river kidourle. It produces excellent Muf- cadine wine, and is 16 miles E of Montpellier. LvNENBURG, a duchy of Germa- ny, in the ciicle of Lower Saxo- ny, fubjeft to the eleAor of Hanover. Including Zell, it is bounded by the £loe, which feparates it from Holilein and Lawenburg on the N j by Bran- denburg on the E ; by Brunfwick on tiie S ; and by the ducliies of Bremen and Weftphalia 011 the W. It is 100 miles in length, and 70 in breadth. P.irtof it is full cf heaths and forells, wliiih abound with wild boars. Lv•^E^BURG, a fircified tpwn of Gerriiany, capital of a duchy of the fame name. The chief public edifices are three parifli churches, the ducal palace, three hofpitals, the townhoufci tbe fait magazine, the anatomical theatre, the academy, and the con- ventual church of St. Michael, in which are interred the ancient dukes. The fait fprings near this place pro- duce great quantties of fait, which chiefly employ the inhjbitants. Lunen- burg is feated on tl.e limenau, 31 miles SE of Hamburg, and 60 N of Biunfwck. Lon. 10 31- E, lat. 53 ]6 N. LuNERA, a mountain between Na- p'esand Puzzoli. It contains much fuU phur and alum ; and the fprings that rife from it are excellent for curing wounds. LvNtviLLE, a large town of Ftance, in the department of Meur- the, with a caftle where the dukei of Lorrain formerly kept their court, as did afterward king Stanidaus, \«ho founded here a miliiaty fchool, a large library, and a fine hofpital. This talUe is now converted into barracks. Luncville is feated on the Vezouze and Mcurtlis, la miles SE ofl4ancii Lupo Gx.Ava, a town of Auftrlan. Iftria, feated near the mountains of Vena, 15 miles W of St. Veit. LuKK, a t?wn of France, in the department of Upper Saone, 30 miles NE of Befanjon. LvRi, an ancient town of Corlica, between Cape Corfe and the towns of Badia and St. Fiorenzo. LusATiA, a marquifate of Ger* many, bounded on the N by Branden- burg, on th~c E by Silefia, on the S by Bohemia, and on the W by Mifnia. Ic is div.ded into the Upper and Lowery and is fubjedt to the eledlor of Saxony. LusiGNAN, a town of France, in the department of Vicnne, feated on theVonne, la miles SW of Poitiers,^ and 200 of Paris. Luso, a river of Italy, which rifes in the duchy ofUrbino, and falls into the g,ulf of Venice, 10 miles W of Rimini. # .LvTxi«BURG,'a town of Germany, in the duchy of Stiria; feated on the Muehr, 34 rniles SE of Gratz. LuTXENiuRG, ii town in the' duchy of Hol/tein, feated near the Baltic, 13 miles from Ploen. Luton, a town in Bedfordftire, with a market on Monday, z8 miles S of Bedford, and 31 N by W of London. LuTscHiNEN, a river of the canton of Bern, in Swilferland, formed by the junAion of two Areams ; the one cal- led the Weifs Lutfchinen, flowing through the valley of Lauteibrunnen ; and the other called the Schwartz Lutf- chinen, which comes from the valley of Grindelwalde. In a rainy feafon* the river forms a torrent, whirh ruflies impetuoudy through the great mafTei of rock that obftruA its courfe, andy with inconceivable violence, forces from their beds the moft enormous frag- ments. The road to Zwey Lutfchi- nen and Lauterbrunnen is over this river, by a kind of bridge, which is fufpended over the roaring tonent, and fixed againft the fides of rocks, that are almoft lit a leaning pofitlon. A huge vertical ftonc, in the middle of th« river, fupports fome thick planks, fo badly joined, as to bf nsiihcr ftcady »,v»«4^««v iJ..H.V'_.^,iU:i^iAjL.iL^iAU .i^t^/x-.ii^-ih.i.".. LUX 7»or foKd ] and thefe form the wretched kridge, over which the inhabitants daily pafs, with a firm ftep and un- daunted eye ; a paf'age, which the traveller, unaccuftomei to fuch ftrange communications, would tremble to at- tempt. Hence the Lutfchinen flows till it falls into the lake of Brientz. Ldttxr, a town in the duchy of Brunfwick, remarkable for the battle gained here over the imr_-iia lifts, by the Danes, in 1626. I: is eight miles KWofGoflar. Lutterworth,, a town of Lei- ^eftcrrhiie, with a market on Thurf- day, featcd on the river Swift. Here "Wickliff, the firft reformer, wasreflor: he died in 1385, but was dug up and burnt for a heretic 40 years after. Lutterworth is J4mile8 SofLeiceftcr, and 88 NNW of London. LuTZEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, famous ijr a battle fought here, in 1632, ■when Guftavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, was killed, in the moment of viftory. It is feated on the Elfter, 11 ftiilcs NW ofLeipfick. LuTziKSTEiN, a town of France, »|) ' the department of Lower Rhine, with a ftrong caftle, feated on a moun- tain, 30 miles NW rfStraiburg. LuxxMBUKG, a city cf the Auf- trian Nftherlands, capital of a duchy of the fame name. It was more than once taken and letaken in the wais of the i(ith century. In 1684, it was taken by the Frencli, who augmented the foirifications fo much, that it is one of the ftrongtft places in Europe. in this condition, it was reft- red to the Sjjaniards in 1697 } retaken by the Fienchin 1701 ; givencotheDutch,as ti barr'.er town in 17 13 J but ceded to theboufeof Auftria in 1715. It is divided by the Alfitz into the upper L YM • and, on the N, by that biftoprlc an4 Liniburg. It lies in the forcft of Ar- dcnnes, and in fome places is covered with mountains and woods, but, in ge- neral, is fertile in corn and wine ; and has many iron-mines. It belongs p. . ly to the houfe of Auftria, and partly to the French. LuxEuiL, a town in France, la the department of Upper Saone, re. roarkable for its mineral waters. It ij featcd at the foot of the Vofgss, ij miles W of Vefoul. LuzEBNE, a county of Pennfyl. vania, 80 miles long, and 61 broad. In 1790, it contained 4,904 inhabi- tants. Wilkelborough is the capital. LuzzABA, a ftrong town of Iraly, on the confines of the duchies of Man- tua and Guaftalla, near the confluence of the Croftolo with the Po. Here a battle was fouglit between the French and Spaniards, in 1702, when each fide claimed the viclory. It is w miles S of Mantua. Luzzi, a town of Naples, inCala. biia Citeiiore, near the river Crate, three miles S of Bilgnano. Lycham, atownot'NoifolkjwJmp! market is uifufed. It is 24 miles W of Norw'ch, and 92 NNE of London* Lye SING, a village in Kent, near Gravefend. Here 600 young Nor- mans, who came over with Alfred and Edward, the fons of E.helred, after. the death of Canute, to take poiilflion of their father^s throne, were njaffl- cred by Godwyn earl of Kent. Lyesse, a town of France, in the department of the North and late pro- vince of Hainault,* 15 miies E of Landrecy. LvMi-RtGis, a borough and fea.- port tf Dorfetlhire, with a market oa Fiiday, It is fea'.cd on t/ie dec iviiy of a craggy hi)!, I!, at the head of a little and lower towns ; the former, alir.oft inle: i and its harb mr is formed hy a noble picrj, called the Cobh. It has a quite furrounded by rocks, but the lower featcd in a plain; and is 25 miles SW of Treves. Lor, 6 17 E; lat. 49 37 N. Luxemburg, a duchy rf the Aufti-iin Netherhnds 5 bounded on the E by Treves} on the S by Lorrainj on the W by Chanipajjue, and Licjje j r* ^-^-, _. Newfoundland and coafting trade, and is noted for fea-b.ithiug. Here, in 1685, the duke of Monmouth la'didn in arms, againft J.imis II. Lyme is z3 mill 8 E by S of Ex-'tcr, and 143 W by S of London. Lm. 5 g W, iHt. 51 4^5 N. ■".f ■T'"'^T'^"r?S'' - t Y & t^mTisfov, a bc'fougTi and fca- pertofHant?, with a market on Sa turJay; ffated about a mile from the channel between tHe mainland and ihs Iile of Wight, and 90 rr iles 9W of London. Lon. i 42 W, lat. 50 45 N. LyndhursT, a village of Hants,^ with a (eat, which brlongs t.) the duke of Glouccfter, as lord warden of the New Foreft. It is feven miles N of Symington, and 82 SW of London. Lynn Regis, or Kijtg's Lynn, a borough and feaport of Noifolk, with markets on Tu^fday and Satur- (byt By the Gufc, and its aflbciated rivers, it fupplics moft of the rnid!and counties with coal, timber, and wine j a-i.c), in return, exports malt and corn in greai quantities. Italfo partakes in the Greenland filhery. It has two tlimches, a large chapel, and a good market-place, with an elegant crofs. It is 46 miles N by E of Cambridge, and ic6 of London. Lon. o 28 E, lU Si 45 N. . Lyonoi*. a late province of Frr-cf^ which, with that of Forez, forms the department of Rhone and Loire. Lyons, the fecond city of France for beauty, commerce, and opulence. It is the capital of the department of Rhone and Loire, and is feated at the confluence of the Rhone and Saone. It was founded, about the year 4a B. Ci by the Romans, who made it the centre of the commerce of the Gauls. About the year 145, it was totally de- ftroyed by fire, but was rebuilt, by the munificence of Nero. Many antiqui» t'fsareftillobferved, that evince its Ro- man origin. Lyons is the fee of an archbiihop, and before its recent ca- lamities contained ioo,oco inhabi- tants, upward of 30,000 of whom wrre employed in various manufaftures, particularly of rich fluffs, of the moll exquifite workmanftip, in filk, gold, filver, &c. The quays were adorned with magnificent ftiuciares. The Hotel-de-ville vied with that of Am- ficrdam; and the theatre was not fu,- pjflld by any in France. The other principal public buildings were the Hotpl-Dicu, the Hofpital of Charity, thcEubange^ tlie GuftoirJioure, the Palace of Juft'ce, the Arfenal, a ptifi* lie library, and two colleges. The' bridge, whifh unites the city with the. luburb de la Guillotiere, is r56^ feet long ; and there art three other prin- cipal fuburbs, fix gates, and feveraf fine clniiches. Such was Lyons be- fore the fatal year 1793, when, in- June, it revolted againft the Nationat Convention. Being obliged to fnr- renderi in Oftobcr, the Convention' decreed,- that the walls and publ'C buildings of Lyons fliou'd be dcfttoyed,; and the name of the city changed to that of Vir. LE Affranchie. Thff chiefs of the infurgcnts had fled, bufr feVeral i»f them were afrerward taken ;< and of 3528 perfons, that were tried before the revolutionary tribunal, i68a wcreci;herfljot or beheaded. In 1791, howeyer, on the deftrudion of the fa£tion of the yacoi'mi, the Conven- tion decreed that the city fliould re- fume its ancient name, and that mea- fures fltould be taken to reftore ir» n;anufa£lures 3itxd commerce ; and, in 1795, the friends of thofe who were fo wantonly put to death in 1793, avenged their fate by a general roafla- cra of the judges of the revolutionary tribunal^ and of all the Jacobins who where then confined in the prifons of Lyons. This city is 15 miles N of Vienne, and izo S£ of Paris. Lonr 4 55 E, laU 45 46 N, . : M jyjABRA, a town of Africa, fn tKt kingdom of Algiers; feared on the gulf of Bona, W of the town oY Bona. Macao, a town of China, in the province of Canton, in an idand, at the entrance of the bay of Canton. It is defended by three forts. The Por- tuguefe have been in poireiliun of the* harbour 1 50 years. They pay a tri-- bute of Tcojoco ducats ror the liberty ofchoofing their own maglftratch, ex- crcifing their religion, and living ac-- cording to their own laws ; and here,< accordinglyi is a Fortugucfe govunor»» .K «, «H««\«»"" MAC as well as a Chlnefe mandarin. Lon. 113 46 £> lac. 22 12 N. Macassak, a kingdom of Celebes, whence that ifland is alfo called Ma- caflar. See Celbbes. Macassar, a large town of the iffand of Celebes, capital of the king- dom of the fame name. The hcufes are ail of wood, fupportid by thick pofts; and they have ladders to afccnd into them, which they draw up as foon as they have entered. The roofs are covered with very large leaves, which the fain cannot penetrate. It is fc.it- td near the mouth of a large river, which runs through the kingdom from N to S. Lon. 117 28 E, lat. 5 o S. Mac AR SKA, a feaport of Dalmatia, with a bi/hop's fee 5 feated on the gulf iif Venice. 25 miles SE of Spalatro. Lon. 18 7 E, lat. 43 49 N. MACctESFiELD, a towH in Che- shire, with a market on Monday, feat- ed on the edge of a foreft of the fame ranje, near the river Bollin. It has manufafiories of mohair,, twift, hat- bands, buttons, and thread ; and mills, for the winding of Hlk. It is 36 miles E of Cucftcr, and 171 NW of London. Macedonia, a province ofTvr- key in Europe ; bounded on the N by Servia and Bulgaria ; on t^* E by Romania, and the Archipelago; on the 8 by Livadia 5 and on the V/ by that counfl^ and Albania. Salonlchi is the capital. Macerata, a populous town of Italy, i.t the marquifate of Ancona, with a bil.;op's fee, and a univerfity, 12 miles SW of Loretto, and 20 of Ancona. Machecou, a town of France, in the department of Lower Loire, feated on the Tenu, 20 miles SW of Nantes. Machi AN, one of the Molucca If- lands, 20 miles in circumference, and the moft fertile of them all, producing the beflcloves. Lon. 126 55 E, lat. o. Machicaco, a promontory of Spain, in the bay of Bifcay. Lon. 3 O W, lat. 43 37 N. Machynlith, a town of Mont- gomery iliive, with a market on Mon- day. It is feated on t)ie Douay, over which is a large done bridge leading M A I> Into MerioTjcthfljire. It is 37 miiei W of Montgomery, and 198 NW of London. M ACKER an, a province of Perfla, bounded on the N by Segeftan and Sableftan, on the E by Hindooftan Proper, on the S by the Arabian Sea, and on the W by Kerman. It is trj. butary to the king of Candahar; and the capital, of the fame name, is 100 miles NW of Tatta. Lon. 66 E, lat. 26 o N. Macoco, a kingdom of Africa, tti the E of Congo, and S of the equator. The Portuguefe carry on a trade with the inhabitants for flaves, elephants teeth, and copper. Macon, an ancienttown of France, in the department of Saone and Loire, It was lately a biffiop's fee j is remark- able for its good wine } and is feated on the declivity of /a.,lyll, near the Saone, 35 miles^.Nisl^'yons, and x88 SE of Paris. / Mac R I s, a river of A frica, which runs acrofs the kingdom of Tripoli, and falls into the Mediterranean. Ma c a.1 , an ancient town of Samoi, in thfrXrchipelago. Macro, or Macronisss, anif. land of the Archipelago, 20 irllea E of Athens. Mac una, one of the Navigiitori Idandf, in the S Pacific Ocean. Here M. d? la Peyroufe, commander of the F.ench Ihips, the Bouflble and ".r labe, met with his firft fatal ace' ■; , his captain of the Aftrolabe, with l. ' ofiicers and five failors, being maflacit by the natives. LDn. 169 o W, k, 14 19 S. Maczua, a fmail illand in the R«d Sea, near the roaft of Aliex. Madagascar, the largeft of the African iflands, lies between 44 and 51° E lon. and 12 and 25° S lat. It is 40 leagues E o^ the continent of Africa, fnm wiii<:ii :.. is feparated by the ftraits of M 1 Hmblque. It extends 900 miles from M to S, and is from 200 to 3r,o broad. The natives are commonly tall, well made, of an olive complexion, a;id fome of them pretty black. Their hair is not woolly, liks thatoftlse negroes of Our.'?; built MAD Is always black, and for the mod part curls naturally : their nofe is fmall, though not flaf, and they have not thick lips. There are a great many pe(ty Icings, whofe riches confift in cattle and flaves, and they are always at war with each other. They have neither tennples nor priefts. They have no rules relating to marriage j for the men and women cohabit for fom? time> and then leave each other as freely. Here are a great number c^ locufts, crocodiles, camciions, and other anima'ii common to Africa. They have com and grapes, and feveral forts of excellent honey j as alfo minerals and precious (lones. The French have attempted to fettle here, but have alwr/s been expelled. There are only i'ome parts on the coafts yet known. Madam's Court Hill, a hill in Kent, 19 n-/ilcs from London, in the road to Sevenoaks. It commands a fine profpeft of Kent and Sgffex. Madeira, an ifland of the At- lantic Ocean, 120 miles in circumte. rente, and 240 N by E of Teneriff. In 14 1 9, when the Portugucfe, under the patronage of prince Henry, had made their fecond voyage to their re- tently-difcovered Ifland of Porto Santo, they obfcrvedj toward the S, a fixed fpot in the horizon, like a fma 1 black cloud. By degrees, they were led to co.ijefturc that it might be land, and fteering toward it, they arrived at a c&iifiderable idand) uninhabited, and covered with wood, wh'ch, on that account) they called Madeira. Prince Heniy, the next year,' fertled a co- lony here, and not only furniftied it with the feeds, plants, and domeftic animals, common in Europe, but he procured flips of the vine from Cyprusj the rich wines of which were then in great requeft, and plants of the fugar- caie from Sicily, into which it had been lately introduced. Thefe throve fo profperoufly, that the fugar and wire of Madeira (quickly became articles of foiTH confc^ueiice in the comnocicc of Portugal j and its wine, in particu'ar, is now in the highefl eftimation. The fcorching h«at of fumnncr, and the icy chill of wiatcr, are here equally MAD unknown ; for fpring and autumn reign continually, and produce flowers and fruit throughout the year. The cedar tree Is found in great abundance, and ia extremely beautiful : moft of the ceil- ings and furniture at Madeira are made of that wood, which yields a very fra- grant fmell. The dr.gon tree is a native of this ifland. Flowers nurfed in the Englifli greenhoufes grow wild here in the fields ; the hedges are moftly formed of myrtles, rofes, jefla- minc, and huneyfuckle, in everlafting bloiTom, while the laikfpur, flcur>de. lis, lupin, &c. fpring up fpuntaneoufly in the meadows. Few reptiles are to be feen in the ifland : the lizard is the moft common. Funcb'^! is the capi- tal. Lon. 176 W, lat. 32 37 N. Madia, or Macgia, a valley and town of Swiflcrland, in the Upper Valia'if , watered by a river of the fame name. It is the fourth ttanfaipine bailiwick. Madras, or Fort St. GxoRGZy the principal fettlement of the Engliflh Eaft India cumptny on the £ fide of the puninfula of Hindooftan, on the coad of Coromandel. It is a fortrefs of great ftrength, including within it a regular well-boilt city. It is clofe on the margin of the bay of Bengal, from which it has a rich and beautiful appearance ; the houfes being covered with a ducco called chiinanrt'J which is nearly as compad as the fineft marble, and bears as high a polifli. They con- fift of long colonnades, with open por- ticoes, and fiat roofs ; and the city contains mnny handfomc and fpacious ftrcets. But the inner apartments of the houfes are not highly decorated, prefenting to the eye only white walls j which, however, from the marble-like appearance of the ftucco, give a frefli. nefs grateful in fo hot a country* Ceilings are very uncommon in the rooms J it being impolTible to find any which will refill the ravages of the white ant. Thefe animals are c)iiefly formidable from the immenfity of th^r numbers, which are fuch as to deftroy, in one night's time, a ceiling of any dimenfions, and it is the wood wo(I| which ferves for the baCisof the cciUoKju Pi ^ ii^ fucfias ths ?dths, beams, &c. that thcfe ir^fff^s attack. There is a I?Eond city, tailed the Black Town, feparated from Madras by the breadth of a proper ef- planade «mly j and, although near four miles in circuit, fortified in fucli a manner as to prevcHt a fur^-ife frm the enemy's horfe. Madras was ft t- tled by the Engliflj about the ytar 1640. It was taken by the French in 1746, but rcftored in 1748. The prefent fort, which M(as eredled ftnce the deftruition of Fort St. David, i^ 3758, is, pcihaps, one of tiie bed fortrefles in the poHeflion of the BritiHi nation. Madras, in common with all the European fettlemcnts on this coaft, I>as no port for fliipping j the coaft forming neairly a ftraight line j and it is incommoded alfo with a high and dangerous furf. It is lOO miles N by E of Pondicherry, 1030 SW oT CaU cutta, and 758 SE of Bombay. Lon. |o *s E» J'it. 13 5 N. Vf Madee-de-Popa, a town and convent of S America, in Terra Fir- ma, feated on the Rio Grande, 20 miles E of Carthagcna. It is almoft as much reforted to, on account of an image of the Virgin Mary, by pilgrims of America, as Loretto is in Europe. Lon. 76 o W, lat. JO 40 N. Madrip, the capital of Spain, in New Caftile. It has ho wall, rampart, or ditch. The royal palace is built on an eminence, at the extremity of the city. A fireliappened in 1734, which a'mofl reduced it to aihes. The fineft Iquare in Madrid is the Phca Mayor, or Market Place, which is furrounded by 300 houfcs five ftorie s high, and of an equal height. Every ftory is adorn< ed with a handfome balcony, and the fronts are fupported by columns, which f rm very fine arcades. Here they had formerly their famous bull- fights. Madrid is feated on the river Manza- nares, which, though fmall, is adorn- ed with two magnificent bridges. It 1:265 miUsNE of LiAion, 590 S by W of London, and 625 SSW of Paris. t>oi), 3 20 W, lat. 40 25 N. Madkid, New. a city, now build- ' ing, or to be built, in a new Spanifli fettlctnent, in Louiliaxi'.aj on the MAE Miffiflippi, oppofite the mouth of the Ohio. The fettlers are to enjoy 4 ftf toleration in religion. MA.DRIGAL,, a town of Spain, In Old Caftile, ten miles from Mediiu. delCampo. Madhgal, a tcwa of S Amt. rica, in Popayan. Lon. 75 45 '\^ Jat. o 50 N. Macrogam, a town of Afrlo capital of Mo oniotapa, with a fpacious royal palace. Lon. 31 40 E, lat, \i oS. Madura, the capital of a province of the lame name, on the coait of Co. romandel, ^co miles SW of Madras, Lon, 78 la E, lat. 9 55 N, Maeler, a lake of Sweden, ht- tween Wellmania aud Sudermania, It contains feveral fine iflands, is ufu. ally frozen a few weeks in wintei, ar.d opens an cafy communication, by fledges, between the interior parts 0^ Sweden and the city of Stockholm. Maelstrom, a very extraordinj. ry and dangerous whirlpool, whkh liei on the coaft of Norway, In 68° N lat. in the province of Nordiand and diftridl cf Lofoden, near the iflindof Molkoe, whence it is alfo named MosKOESTROM. It is dangerous to come within a Norway mi'e ofltj, boats and /hips have been carried >• way, by not guarding agaiiift it be- fore they were within its reach. It likewife happens frequently, that whales come too near the ftream, and are overpowcied by its violence ; and then it is impoflible to defcribe the iiojfe they make in their fruitlefj ftruggles to difengage themfelves, A bear once attempting to fwim fom Lofudeii to Mofcoe, afforded the like fpe£lacle ; the llream caught h'm, and bore him down, while he roared' terribly, fo as to be heard on ftore, Lirge ftocks of firs and pine-trees, after been abforbed by tlic current, rife again, broken and torn tofucha degree as if bridles grew on them. This plainly jhows the bottom to con. fift of craggy rocks, among whichi they arc whirled to and fro. Maese, or Meuse, a river, which lifts in France, nca; tbe til. MAG' MAG n wintci, and lage of Meufe, in the department of Upper Marnp. It waters Ver- dun, Stenay, Sedan, Doncherry, Mezi- fres, andCharJevHle} and entering the Netherlands at Givet, it flows to Charlemont, Dinant, Namur, Huy, Liege, Maeflricht, Ruremonde, Ven- lo, Grave, Battenburg, Ravedein, and Voorn, where it is joined by the Wshal. At Dort, it divides into fr .• principal branches, the moft northern of which is called the Merve. Thcfe furmthe iflandsof Yfielmonde. Voorn, and Overflaclcee, and enter the Ger- man Ocean, below the Briel, Hel- WEtfluy:, and Goree. Maeslandsxuys, a town of Holland, five miles SW of Delft. " Mabstricht, an ancient and ftrong town of the Netherlands, about four miles in circumference. It is governed jointly by the Dutch and the bilhopof Liege 5 but has a Dutch garri- fon. The inhabitants are noted for making excellent fire.armr. Both papiftb and proteftants are allowed the free exercife of their leligion, and the magiftrates are compofed of both. It is fcuedon the Maefe, which fpparatcs it from Wyck, but with which it eommunioates by. a bridge. This city revoked from Spain lat. %« 30 N. Magdxlxn's CavE) a cave of*' Germany, in Carinthia^ tth miles £- of Goritz. It is divided into feveral' apirtments, with a vaft number of' pillars formed by nature, which give ifr. a beautiful appearance, they being as- wbite as fnow, and almoft tranfparent.. Maodeburg, a duchy of Ger-. many, in the circle of Lower Saxony^ • bounded on the N by the Old Marche* of Brandenburg, on the £ by the Mid- dle Marche, on the S by Anhault and Halberftadt, and on the W by Brunf. wide. The parts which are not marfljy and overgrown with wood, are very fertile. It is 60 miles in length,, and 30 in breadth, and belongs to the king of Pf ulTia. ' Magdzburg, a large and ancient city of Germany, capital of a duchy of the fame name. Here are manu- factories of colon and linen goods,, rtockings, gloves, and tobacco j but the principal are thofe of woollen and filk. It is the ftrongtft- place beiong» ingto his PrLifian raajefty, where his- prmcipal rr.agazines and foundries are efl-abliftied. It was taken by ftorm,. in 1631, by the imperial general Til- ly, who burnt the town, and mafTa- crcd the inhabitants, of whom only 800 efcaped out of 40,000 ; and many.' young women plungtd into the Elbe, to efcape violation. It is 40 miles W ©*■ Brandenburg. Lon. II 45 E, lat«- 52 11 N. Magpalena, a riverofN Ame- rica, in Louifiana. It has its fource- in the mountains which feparate Ltiui- fiana from New Mexico, and falls into the Pacific Ocean, to the SW of the bay of St. Lewis. Magellan, a ftrait of S Ameri- ca, difcovered, in 1520, by Magel- hn, fincc which time it h^s been fail- ed through by feveral navig>»tors ; but the pafiagc being dangerous and trou- blcfonrie, they now iAii to the Pacific Ocean round Cape Horn. The Spa- niards call the country N of tlie ftrait Tierra MagelUnicaj and reckon i( SI part of Chili,^ MAR »- Magcia. See Madia. Margiorx, or LocarmOj a lake, partly in the duchy of Milan, aod partly in the country of the Gri- fons. It is 35 miles in length, and fix in breadth. Machian, a town of Arabia Fe. Ex. Lon. 44 15 £, lat. 16 3 N. Macliano, a fmall hut populous town of Italy, in the territory of the pope, inddi(iri£tofSabina; feated on a mountain, near the Tiber^ 30 miles N of Rome. Macnav, uA; cwn cf Italy, in the Ferrai • vnih ? fort, at the jnouth of the iV\i f/f . machio, in thf gulf of Veiw ;■ . iij iri' 3 N of Ravenna. Magny, a town of France, iathe department of Seine and Olfe, 32 miles NW of Paris. Maoai a river of Italy, which rlfes in the Appennines, in the vaU ley of Magra, waflies Pont-Remoii and Sarzana, below which it falls into the Mediterranean. Magra, a valley of Tufcany, 27 miles in length and 1 5 in breadth. Magu£Lonc, a lake of France, in the departmeiit of Herault, near a town of the fame name, which is feat> ed on the Mediterranean, into which the lake enters by a canal, the begin- ning of the famous canal of Langue- tdoc. MAHALrv, a town of Fgypt, ca- pital of Garbia. It carries on a confi- derable trade in linen, cottons, and fal- ammoniac ; and the inhabitants have evens to hatch chicken. Lon. 30 31 £, lat. 31 30 N. Mabanuddy, or Mahanady, a river of Hindooftan, which rifes in Berar, and falls by fcveral mouths into the bay of Bengal, at Cattack. Mahratta&, the name of two powerful ftates of India. They are called the Poonah, or Weftern Mah- rattas; and the Berar, or Eaftern. Colle^ively, they occupy all the S part of Hindooftan Proper, with a large proportion of the Deccan. Mal- wa, Orifla, Candei/h, and Vifiapour; the principal parts of Berar, Gunerat, aod Agimcrcj and a imail (art of UAl> Dowlatabad, Agra, and Allahabad, are comprifed within their empire, which extends from fea to fea, acrolj the widefV part of the peninfula ; and from the confines of Agra northward to the Kiftna fouthwardj fomiing a traft of 1000 miles long and 700 broad. The weftern ftate, the capital of which is Poonah, is divided among a number of chiefs, whofe obedience to the paiihwah, or head, like that of the German princes to the emperor, is merely nominal. Nagpour is the ca. pital of the Eaftern Mahrattas. Their armies are principally aompofed of light horfe. Maidznhead, a town of Berk< Aire, with a market on Wednefday. It is feated on the Thames, 12 miles E by N of Reading, and a6 W by N of London. Maiostonz, a boiougb, the county- town of Kent, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated on the Medway, by whicb it enj(>ys,a trad* in exporting the commodities of the county, particularly its hops, of which there are numerous plantations around it. Here are likewife paper-mills, and a manufa£lory of linen thread. It is ao miles W of Canterbury, and. 35 S£ of London. Lon. Q 38 £, lab 51 16 N. Maillkzaisf a town of Fiance,. in the department of Vendee, in >o ifland formed by the Scure and Autize,. 22 miles NE of Rochelie, and 210 SW of Paris. Maina> a country .in the Morea, between two chains cf mountiiins which advance into the fea. TJiu in- habitants could never be fubdued by the Turks, on account of their valour and their mountains. Their greateTt trafic confifts in flavcs. The harbour and town ate of the fame name, and their Unguage is bad. Greek. Main, a diftrift of the ftate of MaHachufets. It is 300 miles long and 104 broad, lying between 68 and 72° W lon. and 43 and 46° N. lat. and bounded on the NW by the high lands, which feparate the rivers that fall into St. Lawrence from thofe that foU intP the Atlantic j oa the £ by ■11 'NE» a depart- ment of France,. which includes the late province, of the fame name. It tjkes its name from the river Maine, which, foon after its jundion with the Sarte, falls into the Loire. Laval is the capital. Maine and Lcirb> a depart- - ment of France,, including the late province of. Anjou. . Angers is the ca> pital. Mainland, OiitNE-v, or Po» MONA, ihc principal of the Orkney inands,.£4. miles Jong and nine broad. The general appearance of the couutry . is not very difterent from the Main- land of Shetland. The foil, however, is more fertile, and in fome. parts, bet- ter cultivated. Kirkwall ' is the capif tal. SeeORCAoxs. Mainland, the principal of the Shetland illands, 60 miies long, from N to S» Its breadth fcldom exceeds fix miles. The"7jte of the country exhibits a profpedt of black caggy mounta'ns, and marfliy plains, inter- fperfed with fome verdant fertile fpots. Neitlier tree nor fhrub is to be feen, except the juniper and the heath. The mountains abound with game. Lofty cliffs, impending over the ocean, are the ha'ints of eagles, falcons, and ravens. The deep caverns below, {belter feals and otters ; ai>d to tne bays refort fwans, geefe, and other aquatic birds. The feas abound with cod, turkot,,hadddock, and, at certain feafons, with (hoals of herrings of in- sredible extent. They are vifited, at the fame time, by whales, and other TOiacious fiibes. Lobfters, oyfteis, M A r imifcles, Sec, are alfo plentiful. The hilis are covered with iheep of a fmall ' breed, and Hiaggy appearance } but. their fleece is commonly foft, and of- ten extremely fine.. Fj-om their wool, dockings of fuch a-fiae texture have :- been made, that, althougk of- a large Hze, a pair was capable of ^ paflling: through, a common gold ring.. Their hotfes are of a diminutive f:ze, but re- markably Arong and handfome, and . are well known by the name of Shcl- • ties« from, the name of the country. . The rivulets and lakes abound with falmoii, trout, &c.. A mine of cop- per, and one of iron, are in the hands of the Anglefey company, and are faidt ta-- be extremely prcJiiftivc. >. There is an inexhauftible ftoreof peal, but no coa!. Lerwick is the capital. M.\jNTi.N0N, a. town of Fjance, . in the department of .Eure and Loire, feated on the Eure, with-a caAle, five miles from Chartres. Ma.in.ung£n, a town of German ny, in the circle of Franconia, capital of a fniall . diftrift belonging, to the - houfe of Saxe-G..itha, eight miles N of Hennebcrg. Lon. lo 39 £, lat. co 46 N. Majorca, an ifland fubjejft to the • king of Spain,' and fituate in the Mei- diterranean, between Ivica and Minot> C8. It is 6q miles in length, and 45 . in breadth ; is a mountainous country, . hut produces good corn, olive-trees, and del'Cious wine* ^tAJ0RCAi a ftrong city, capital of the ifland of the fame nam?, with a bilhop's fee, and. a univerficy. It contains 6oco houfes, built after the antique manner, and 21 churches, be- fide the cathedral. The haibour i« extremely good. . I c was taken by the Englifli in 1706, and retaken in 1715. It is feated on the SW fide of .the ifland. Lon. 2 15. £, lat. 39 jf, N. Mairi, Li, a ftrait of S Ame- rica, lying between Staten Ifland and Tierra del Fuego, in lat. 55 S. Ships fometimcH fail through this ftrait in their paflage to Cape Horn. Maixant, St. an ancient town of Fiance, in the depaitment of Um »J! AC- Two Sevres. It is one of the new bi- flioprics created fince the revolutian. It carries on a trade in corn, ftockinjs, and woollen ftuft's } and is featcd on the Sevre, 26 miles SW of Poitiers, and z 1 5 SW cf Paris. Mala"ar, the W coaHr of the peninfula of Hindooftan, lying between 9 and 14° N lat. It is divided among feveral petty piinces and ftates, which arc all mentioned in this work, in their tefptA'ivc places. Malacca, a peninfula in Afis, containing a kingdom of the fame name ; bounded by Siam on the N ; by the ocean on the E j and by the ftraits of Malacca, which feparate it from Sumatra, on the SW. It is 600 miles in length and 200 in breadth. It produces few commodities for trad;*, except tin and elephants teeth } but there are a great many excellent fruits and roots. Their pineapples, in par- ticular, are the beft in the world ; and tneir cocoa fliclls will hold an Erglifli quart. Their religion is a kinJ of Mahomctanifm. The Dutch hive a faftory in the t^swn of Malacca, which they took from the Portuguefe, in 1640. Malaga, an ancient, commercial, and ftrong town of Spain, in Granada, with two caftle?, a tiiliop's fee, and a good harbour. It is fcated on the Mediterranean, at the foot cf a craggy mountain, 15 miles S of Ci.rdova, and 235 of Madrid. Lon. 4 35 W, lat, Malamocco, sn mand and town in the L.^^junes of Venice, five miles S of that city. Ma lathi AH, an ancient town of Turkey in Afia, capital of Lefler Ar- menia, feated on the Arzu, with an archbifhop's fee. Lon. 43 15 E, lat. 39 8 N. Malchin, a town in the duchy of Mccklcnbuvg, feated on the Peenc, where it falls into lake Camrow, jo miles N of Wahren. Maldjn, a barough of Efiex, with a market on Saturday. It has now only two parifh churches ; a third having been Jong converted into a frce- 'Ichgol* It is iiiA lo bav« bew \ki feat MAC of Tome of the old Britifli kings 5 ati(f was the firft Roman colony in Biitain, It was burnt by the Britifli queen Boa- dicea, l>ut rebuilt by the Romans. It is feated on an eminciu'?, near the con- fluence of the Chelm, r with the Bljck- water. VefTcIs of a moderate burden come to the brii^ge over the Chelmer but large ihip are obliged tt> unload « a confiderable diftance be ow, in the arm of the fea called Blackwatcr B\y, cr Maiden Water. Maiden carries on a confiderable ttade,. and is 10 miles E of Chelmsford, and 37 NE of Lon- don. Lon. o 41 E, lat. 51 46 N. Mai-Den, a village in Si.riv, two miles SE of Kingfton. Here are fome gunpowder mills, on the ftrcam th;e flows from Ewel to Kln-flo". Maldives, a clafter of about 51 fmall iOands SW of Ceylon. The northernmoft, called, by the French,, The Head of the Iflands, is in Ion. 73 4 E, lat. 7 5 N. Their chief trade is In couries, a fmall Ihellfiih, whofe /hells ferve inftead of money,. They have a king in one of the if. lands } and the inhabitants are paitly Iv^ahomefans and partly pagans, Maesstroit, a town ofFrancf, in the department of Morbihan, ftattd on the Ouft-, 37 miles E of Port rOrieiit. Malicolloj one of the largeftof the New Hebrides, in the Pacific Ocean, lying in 16 and 15 S lat. and 167 45 E lon. It is 20 leagues long from N to S. The inhabitants appear to be of a race totally diflinft from thofe of the Friendly and Society iA lands. Their form, language, and manners, are widely different. They feem to correfpond, in many parti. culars, with the natives of New Gui- nea, particularly in their black coliur and woolly hair. Their keeping their bodies CTtirely free from pundlutes I3 one particular, that remarkably diftin- guiO.es them from the other trib:s cf the S Pacific Ocean. Maiio, Cape, or St. Angeio, a cape of the Morea, at the S entrance of the gulf of Napoll, 15 milej E of Malvafia. MALLmo^ Ws8T| » tarn is r»jT, a town a= ■ MAL K;nt, with i market on Saturday, fix n)il?s W of Maiditonc, and 30 £ by S J London. Mallow, a town of Ireland) in the couii'.y of Cork, featcd on the Blackwater, 17 milfs N of Cork. Malmedv, a town of Germany, in the bilhopiic of Liege, w'lh an ab- iey, featcd on tlie river Rccht, nine r>'ile5 S of Limhurg. It w.'.s taken by th; Flinch in Odober 1794. Malmistra, an ancient town of Natalia, w ih an achbifliop's (cc\ Uited at the mourh of a river of the (imc name, which divides it into the Old and New Town. It is 30 miles SE of Teraflb, Lan. 36 1 5 E, lat. 136 50 N. Malmoe, a feaport of Sweden, in the province of Sc!i')nen, feated on the Ssund, with a ftrong citadel, 1-5 miles SE of Copenhagen. Lon.ij 7 E, iat. S3 38 N. Ma LMESBURY,an ancient borough m Wiltlhire, with a market on Satur- day. It is feated oji a hill, near the Avon, over which Tt has fix biidges, Ic is 26 miles E by N of Briftol, and 55 W of London. Malo, St. a ff-aport of F/ancc, in the department of Morbihau, and lately an epifcopal fee. Its haibour is diffi- cult of accefs, on account of the rocks that furround it j but it is hirgc and well frequented, and is defended by a ftiong cai^le. It was bombarded by theEnglifli in 1693, ^^^ without fuc-> cefs. In 1758, they landed in Can- talie bay, we. t to the harbour by land, and burnt above 100 fliips. St. Malo is feated on an ifiand, united to the mainland by a caufeway. It is 17 miles NW of Dol, and aoc W of Paris. Lon. i 57 W, lat. 48 39 N. Maloria, a fmall ifland on the coaft of Tufcany, 10 rniles W of Leghorn. Lon. 1Q4E, lat. 43 34 N. Malpartido, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura, 14 miles Sof Plazen- cia. Ma IP A 8, a town of Chefliire, with a market on Monday. It is feat- ed on a hill, not far from the Dee, 15 miles SE of Chcftcr, and 166 NW of London. MAL. Malplaqjjit, a village of Auf.^ trian Hiinaulc, famous fjr a vidlur/. gained by the duke of Mailbcrough,, in 1709, and called aifo the battle of Blaregnits, from an adjacent village*. It is feven miles S by E of Mons. Macta, an ifiandiif rhe Mediter-.- ranean, between Africa and Sicily, ao. milrs in length, and 12 in breadth* It was fotiuery reckoned a part of Africa, but now belongs to Europe*. It w.w anciently little better than a. birren roclcj but fach quantities 06 foil have been bioughtfrom Sicily that it is now hr>come a feitile ifland. The heat is (o cxcefllve, that tlie water breeds great numbers of gnats, whichi are the plague of the country. The number of the inhabitants is faid to be about 90,000. The common people- fpeak Arabic, but the better fort Ita- lian. The emperor Charles V gave this ifland to the 'grand mafter of the order of St. John of Jerufalem, and: it is extremely well fortified. It was. attacked, in 1 566 by the Turks, who were obliged to abandon the enterprife, with the lofs of 30,000 men. The- k'.ights of Malta formerly confifted of. eight nations ; but t^ow they are but feven, the Engliffi* paving forfaken them. They are obliged to fupprefs a!| pirat'.s, and are at p^>etual war with the Mahometans. The^ are ail under a vow of celibacy and chaftity j and yet they make no fciupic of taking Grecian women for miftrelTes. Mal- ta is 60 miles S of Sicily. Valetta is the capital, Lon. 14 z8 E, lat. 35 54 N. Malta, Melita, or Citta. Vecchia, an ancient and fti-ongly.- fortified city of Malta, feated on a hill in the centre of the ifland. It is the refidcnce of the bifliop, and wis formerly twice as large as at prefenc. Near this city are the catacombs, faid to extend 15 miles under ground; and a fmall church, dedicated to St. Paul, adjoining to which is a ftatus of the faint, with a viper in his hand, faid to be placed on the fpjt where he fljook the viper off; and clofe to it is the grotto in which he was imprifoned. UlAUTCVf a borough in the N ri- M A L loiig) ao '1 i . •].». i>{ * (^ fy't\ ^^^\^\ M Ar^ right broad. Its name (ignifies ' a pUce of fpirits }' and ic it held facred L rhe Indians. Mancister, a village in War- wickihire, anciently a Roman ftaiion oil the Watiing-ftreet, where feveral coins have been dug uj>. It lies near Atherftone and the river Anker. Mancha, a territory" of Spain, in the province of New Caftile, lying between the river Guadiana and Anda- lulia. It is a mountainous country ; and it was here that Cervantes nnaJe his hero, don Quixote, perform his chief exploits. Manchc, or the department of tlie Channel, a department of France, including part of the late province of Normandy. Coutances i( the ca- piral. Mancheste*, a large, populous, and flouriflilng town of Lincafhire, with a market on Suiurday. It is feat- td between the Irk and Icwell, and is a place of great antiquity. Ic has been long noted for various branches of the linen, fllk, and cotton manufaflu- res, and is now principally confpicu- ous as the centre of the cotton trade. The manufadures of tapes and other Cnall wareSf and of hats, are alfo car- ried 01) at Manchefter } which has raifed it to greater opulence than ai- rooft any of the trading towns in Eng- land. Its chief ornaments are the col- lege, the market-place, the exchange, and the collegiate church. It has an additional church, built in 1723, By the Irweil, over vi'hich it has an ancient and lofty ftone bridge, ic has a communication with the Mcrfey, and all the late various extenfibns of inland i^vigation. It is 67 miles VVSW of York, and i8x NNW of Loodon. Lon. 2 80 W, lar 53 30 N. Manchester, a town of V..j,'i- nia, on James' River. Manderscheit, atownofGer. many, in the elcdlorate of Treves, t a- f .al of a county of the fame name. It is 24 miles N of Treves. Lon. 6 50 E, lit. 50 10 N. Mandria, a fmall defert ifland, in the Aichipelajo, between Samos MA IT and Langos. It gives name to the Teft near it. MANFitzDONiA, a town of Na« pies, in Capitanata, with a ca/lle, a good harbour, and an archbiHiop's ^e* It was burnt by the Turks in i6zo } and is feated on a «ulf of the fame name, 50 miles N of Cirenza, and 100 N£ of Naples. Lon. 16 12 E» lat. 41 35 N. Mangalore, a feaport of Cana • ra, on the coad of Malabar. It has an .'xcellent road for fliips to anchor in v\hite the rainy feafon lafls ; is feated on a rifing ground ; and is inhabited by Gentoos arid Mahometans. The for- mer, on their feftival days, carry their idoU [in triumph, placed in a wag- gon, adorned un all fides with flowe;s» There are feveral Iharp crooked iron hooks f^f^ened to the wheels, upon which the mad devotees throw themfelves, and are cruihed to pieces. It is a place of great trade } and the Pjftuguefe have a faftory here for rice, and a large church frequented by black converts. Lon. 74 44 £, lat. IX 50 N. Mangzia, an ifland in the S Pa- cific Ocean, about five leagues in circumference. Captain Cook repre- fents it as a fine ifland ; but the hoi^ tile appearance of its inhabitants obli« ged him to leave it foon. Lon. 158 16 W, lat. 21 27 S. Mangushlak, a townofTurc9- mania, on the £ coaft of the Cafpian Sea. Its commerce is confiderable ^ the neighbourinjj Tartars bringing hi- ther the produilions of their country.. It is 37 miles S\V of Aftiacan. Lon,, 4S 29 £, lai. 44 45 N. Manhartzberg, the northern part of Lower Aulliia, feparated from the fouthern by the Danube, and bounded on the V/ by Upper Auftria,. on the N by Bohemia and Moravia^, and on the E by Hungary. Manheim, a beautiful city o£ Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine. The ftrccts are quite ftraight,. and intcrfeft each other at right an- gles. The inhabitants are computed. at 24,000, including the garrifon, which conliil of 5pco.. The. forti& The palace of the eieftor pa- latine is a magniilcent Aru^ure j and tile cabinet of natura] curioftties, and the cor-^tiort of pifturss, are nr.uch vaunted. Mauheim is fir miles NE of Sp'.e, and lo W of Heidelberg*, Lon, 8 31 E, lat. 49 26 N. Maniel, a mountain of Hifpani- ola, ao miles in circumferenc?, iMgh, craggy> and ainvoft inaccelTible. Manilla, or Lvconia, the chief of the Philippine lllands. See Luconia. Makilla, a large and populous city, capital of Luconia and the other Philippine Iflands. Moftofthe pub- lic ftru^ures are built of wood, on ac- count of the frequent eaithquakes, by one of which, in 16 17, a mountain was levelled J in 1625, a third part of the city was overthrown by another, when 3000 perfons periflied in the l>uins} and, the next yrar,. there was another lefs vi lent. This city is feat- «d near lake Bahia, on the E fide of • bay, which is a circular bafin, ten leagues in diameter, and great part of it landlocked. The part peculiar to the city, is called Cavite : it lies Ave miles to the S, and is the uAiai ttatron •f ••he (hips employed in the Acapulco t»ade J for an account of which fee Luconia. This city abounds with convents ; but the morals of the people are, notwitliflandui|;, mere licentious titan in alrrod any other part of India. There is indeed, an inquifition here ; but corruf tion of morals is not expofed to its cenfure. On account of the Bure and healthy temperature of its air, this city has been called, by Dr. L'nd,, the Montpellier of all the European fettlements in the Eaft* Lon. 120 53 £, lat. 14 36 N. Manning T.^Ei, a town ofEfTex, with a market on Tucfday, feated on the Stoor, 11 miles W of Htirwich, and 60 ENE of I*ondon. MANOflq.uE, a populous town of France, in the department of the Lower Alps, vt/ith a caftlf, feated on the Durance, 10 miles S of Forcal- %uicr, and 350 S by £ of Paris*. Manrisa, an ancient" town ol* Spain, in Cjtalonia, feated at the con. fi u»nce of vhe Cardonero and Lobbre. gar, 20 miles NVV of Barcelona. Mans, Le, an ancient town of France, caiitnl of the department of Maine. It was formerly very popu. lousj, but the inhabitants now fcarcely amount to 1-4, oco. It has excellent poultry, known at Paris by thcnare of pullets of Mans; and its wax and ftufts are famous, it is feated on t high hill, at the foot of which runs the Sarte, and near its cjnfluenc! with the Hu'fne. It is 50 miles S of Alenjon, and 75 W by N of Orleans, Lon. o 14 E, lat. 41 58 N. Maksaroar, a lake of Thibet, from which the fouthernm^ft iiead of the Ganges is fuppofcd to iflue. It it 115 miles in circumference, Lon, 79 o E, lat. ^3 15 N. Mansfekd, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, capital of 3/ county of the fame name, 35 miles SW of Magdeburg^ Lou. jj. 5 E, lat. 51 41 N, Mansfiilt, a town of Nottiiig. hatnftiiic, with a market on Thurfdiy, It is feated on the edge of the foreftof Sherwpod j has a great trade in con* and malt; and participates in the ftocking manufadlure. It is izmiiti N of Nottingham, and 140 NbyW of London. Mansilla, a town of Spain, in the province of Leon, 15 miles SW of Leon. Mantchiw Tartar J, abranth of the Mogul Tartars, whofe anceftoit conquered China in the I3ih century, but were expelled by the Chinefe in 1 368. They inhabit the thtfedepatt. ments of E Chinefe Tarta.y, calki Leao-tong, Ki-rin, and Tciticar, They retain the cuftoms they brought from China. Mantes, a confiderable town of France, in the department o( Seine and Oife. King Philip Augudusdied here in 1223 j and here is thf tomb of king John, in the churchof a'atechaf- ter, which he founded. The winft from the vineyard of the late Celd. tins, out of the town,, are iuQ&ui* MAR Mantes h feated on the Seine, over vrhicb It has a bridge, the great arch of which, although elliptic, is 120 fftt wide. It is 31 miles NW of Paris. Mantua, a fertile duchy of Italy, divided by the Po into two parts. It is bounded on the N by the Veronefe j ea the S by the duchies of Regjio, Modena, and Mirandoia } on the £ by the Ferrarefe ; and on the W by the Gremonefe. It is 50 miles in length, and 27 in breadth. Charles IV, duke of Mantua, a prince of the empire, having taken part with the French, in the difpute relating to the fuecef- fion of Spain, was put under the baa of the empire, and died in 170S. Having no heirs, the emperor kept tiie Mantuan, and the duke of Savoy had Montferrat, which were confirm- td to them by fubfequent treaties. After the death of the emperor in 1740, his eideft daughter, the queen of Hungary^ kept pofleiBon of the Mantuan. Mantva, the capital of a duchy of the fame name, in Italy, feated on an ifland in the middle of a lake. It contains above 16,000 inhabitants. It is very ftrorg by Atuation as well as by art, and there is n<> coming at it but by two caufeways, which crofs the i hke; fat which reafon, it is one of the moll confiderable fortrefTes in Europe. j It was greatly noted for its fliks, and fillc manufafturesj now much decay- ed. The air, in the fummer, is very I unwhoiefome ; and the lake is formed I by the inundations of the Mincio. ! Virgil was bo n at a village near this city. I Mantua is an archbj/hop's fee, and has a univerfity. It is 35 miles NE 'Vjf I Parma, and 220 N by W of Rome. Lon. 10 50 E, lat. 45 iq N. Maragnan, a province of Brazil, I which comprehends a fertile p.^pulous iflmd, Mi mi!es in circumference. The French fettled here in 1 612, and built atow!!} but thry were expelled by the Portuguef?. It has a caftle, a harbour, and a biihop's fee. lion. 54, i 5) ^"^1 bt. I ao S. Mabax.o, i towa of Ito-'y, in Vc- MAR netian Friuli, with a ftrong citade7» feated in a marfh, at the bottom of the gulf of Venice. Lon. 13 15 E9 lat. 46 o N*. Marasch, a populous town of Natoiia, feated near the Euphrates* It is encompaffed by the mountains of Taurus and Anti-Taurus. Lon. 3S 25 E, lat. 38 IS N. Marathon, a village of Livadla» formerly a city j famous for the vic- tory obtained by MliciaJes over the- Perdans. It is 10 miles from Athens. Mara YCABo, alake, or arm of the fea, in Terra Firma, in about 70° W Ion. and 10° N lat. It opens into*, the Caribbean Sea. Ma r a y ca b o, a con fideraWe town of S America, capital of the province of Venezuela. It carries on a great: trade in fkins and chocolate, which ir the beft la America ; and they have^ very fine tobacco. It was taken by. the French buccaneers in 1666 and. 1 678. It Is feated near a lake of the fame name. Lon. 70 45 E, lat. la oN. ^ Mar BACH, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the Neckar. It was burnt by th* French in 1693. It is 13 miles N oC Stutgard. Mar BEL la, a town of Spain, !a. Andalufia, feated at the mouth of the Rio Verde, 28 miles SW of Malaga* Lon. 5 55 W, lat. 36 29 N. Marc a, a fmall ifland in the gulf of Venice, five miles from Ragiifa^ on which it depends. It had former- ly a biihop's fee; but the town ilk now in ruins. Marcelun, St. a town of France, in the department of Ifere, feated on the river Ifere, at the foot of a hill, five mil?8 from St. Antoine,. and 253 S by E of Paris. Marckllino, a river of Sicily, in- the Val-di-Notn, which falls into the fea, two miles from Augufta. Mar CHS, a late province of Francp^ bounded on the N by Berry } on the & by Auvergne; on fhe W by Angnih- mois; and on the S by Limofin. It: Jiow fonnS' the dep.ntmc'nt of GrcufBo. if' MAR MAVL MarchX) a town of* France, in NW of Saintcs, and zjo SWttt'Pa. the department of the Vofges, 20 miles S of Neufchateau. Marche, or Marchk-en-Fa- ris. WINE, a town of Luxemburg, fcated on the Marfette, 45 miles NNW of Luxemburg. M/RCHENA, a town of Spain, in AndaiuHa, with a fuburb as i.'.ige as the town. It is 18 miles W of Seville. Marcrikknes, a town in the tounty of Namur, feated on both fides of the Siimbre, four miles W of Char- kroy. Ma R c HI EN NEa»a village of France, in the dcfrartmentof the North and late French Flanders, feated on theScarpe, between Douay and St. Amand. Marchpurc, a town of Germa- ny, in the duchy of Stiria, with a ftrong caftle, feated on the Drave, 25 isiles S of Giatz. MARciGLiANo,fl town of Naples, tn Tena-dULavoro, feven miles £ of Maples. Marcigny, a town of France, in the department of .^ne and Loire, feated near the Loire. Marck, a fertile territory of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia 5 bounded on the N by the blfliopric of Munfter, on the E hy the duchy of Wcftphalia, and on the W and S by that of Berg. It belongs to the king of "ruflla. Ham is the capital. Iarco, St. a town gf Naples, in Ca'abria Citeriore, witli a bifliop's fee, feated on the Senito, 2z miles N of Cofenza. Mar DIKE, a village of France, in the department cf the North and late French Flanders, feated on a celebra- ted canal, to which it gives name, four miles W by S of Dunkirk. Mar EX, Loch, a freHi- water lake ofRofs/hire, 18 miles Jong, and, in fome parts, four broad. It has many fmali iflands, and abounds with falmon, char, and trout- Marennes, .1 town of France, in the dcpiutment of Lower Chareiite, re malleable for tlie green finned oyfters foui)d near the coafl, and its ftit. It U' fcated near the Atlantic, 32 miles Maketimo, an ifland on theW coaft of Sicily. It is 10 miles in cir. cumference, has a caftle, wltli a few farm-houfes, and produces plenty of honey. Lon. 12 35 E, lat. 38 5 N, Margaretta, an ifland vf J America, near Terta Firma, difcover- ed by Columbus, in 1498. It is 49, miles long, and 1 5. broad. Lon. (3 12 W, lat. 1046 N. Margate, a feaport of Kent, ia the ifleofThanet. It has rapidly ii). creafed by the great relbrt u 1; ;„. ;ej. bathing ; and there are regular palTige. boats, to and from London. It is j* miles N of Deal, and 72 E by S of London. Lon. i 28 £, lat. t\ u N. Margentheim, a town ofCer- many, in the circle of Franconia, fib- je£l to the grand mafter of the T';u. tonic order. It is feated on the 7au. b'er, 16' miles SW of Wurtzburg, Marian Islands. See La> DRONES. Marja, St. an 1/Tand ofth:In> dian Ocean, five miles E of Madag^f. car. It is 27 miles in length, ini five in breadth. The air is extremely moid, for it rains almoft every day, It is inhabited by about 600 negro^ Maria, St. a confiderable tnwn of Terra Firma Proper, built by the Spaniard? after they had difcovercd thi goldmines thit are near it, and fooii after taken by the Englifli. It is feit. ed at the bottom of the gulf cf St. Michael, at the mouth of a river of the fime name. Lon. 78 12 W, lat. 7 43 N- Maria, St. one of the Azrt), or V/cAcf n Iflands. It produces pltnly of wheat, and has about 5000 inhabi. tant;'. 1 Maria, St. a confiderable town ofSp.ln, in Andalufla, yith a caftle, ] It was taken by the Engllfl) md Uutiii j in 1702 ; and is fcated od the Cm- delcca, iS miles N of Cadiz. Lcn.4| 6 W, lat. 36 39 N. Marie-aux-Mine9, a town ofl France, in the department of the | Vofges, divided in two by the kl)«> iLn^ti'i'^^'MXHn^ MAR MAR and 72 E by S of 2S £> lat. 5t 14, }t Is famons for its filver m'ines> and eaftte, >#hich enafted feveral Impflrt- is a 5 ™I«5 ^^ °^ ^** BtHach. ant laws, called the ftatutes of Marie- MakJ«J^*"*°» a town of Germa- bridge. Of the walls and ditch of ny, in MiCnia, remarkable for its rick this caftle tliere are ftill fome rennains ; ^iTer mines, 28 miles from Drefden. and the fite of a Roman cadrum, with ]\4;(jiiKNBURG, a ftrong town of Roman coins, prove it to have been a Weftern Pruffia, capital of a p ilatinate Roman ftation. This town has often «f the fame name, with a caftle; feat- fuffered by iire, particularly in 1690, fd cm a branch of the Viftala, 30 miles on which accoant an aft of parliament SEofDanr?ic. Lan. 19 15 £« latt pafTed, to prevent thehoufcsfrom being .. g H. thatched. It is feated on the Kennct, Marisnburg, a town of France, 4.3 miles E of Briftol, and 74 W of In tiic department of the North and London. late French Hainault, 10 miles SW of Marlborough, Fort, an Eng« Charlemont. lift faftory on the W coaft of Sumatra, MARiEKSTADT,atownofSweden, three miles E of Bencoolen, and 300 in W Gothland, feated on Idfce Wen- NW of Batavia. Lon. i02 9 E, lat. ner, 35 miles SE of Carlftadt, and ifrz 3 49 N. SW of Stockholm. Marlow, Great, a borough of MARiENv,'ERDiR,a'townofWtft. Buckinghamihire, with a market on trn Piuflia, with a cattle, feated on Saturday, feated on the Thame<, 17 theViftula. ton. 19 15 E, lat. 53 miles Sot AileJbury, and 31 W of ^i N. London. MAH»^5Ai,ANT£,oneofthaLee- Marli, a late royal patact in France, ward Caribbec iflands, \n the Weft In- between Verliailies and St. Germain } dies, fubje6l to the French. It ex- feated near a villag« and foreft of the tends 16 miles from N to S, and four fame name. It was noted for its htie from E to W ; and is 3b miles N of gardens and waterworks, there being Dominica. Lcn. 61 11 W, lat. 15 a curious machine on the Seine, which p N. not only fa, plied them with 'vater, but Marignano, a townof Itnly, in a'fo thole of >'^eifaillcs. It is 10 miles tlie duchy of Milan, ramarkablc iot N W of Paris. the defeat of the Swifs, by the French, Marmanck, a town of France^m in 1515. It is feated on the La«.bro, the department of Lot and Garonne. 10 miles SE of Milan. it carries on a great tr^de in corn, wine, Marino, St. a ftrong town of and brandy j and is feated on the Ga- Italy, capital of a fmall republic, fur- ronne, 40 luiles SE of Bourdeaux, and 310 S by W of Paris. Marmora, the name of four fer- tile iflands in the Tea of ihe fame n>mc* The largeft i$ 30 miles in circumfc- rence. Marmora, a fea between Europe the Cjirr)t a town of Italy, on the ot iViazara j built un th« . MAR rums of the ancient Lilyb»ua m miles SW of Palermo. ^' MA«SAa.u. "ER, a ftrong town of Tremefen, in the kingdom of A!giers, It has one of the heft harbours in Africa, and is feated on a rock, near a bay of the Mediterranean, three miles from Oran. Lon. o 10 W, lat 36 1 N, ' Marseiiies, a ftrong city of France, in the department of tht Mouths of the Rhone. It was httly an epifcopal fee j and the inh,ibitaua are computed to be 90,000, It wjj fo celebrated in the time of the Ro. mans, that Cicero ftyled it the Atlitni of the Gauls, and f'liny called it the Mi/lrefs of Educatbn. It is f-„ j jj the Medlterranejn, at the upper end of a gulf, covered and" defended by fmail iflands j and it is pntly on the declivity of a hill, an^pavtly ii, a plain, j It i'^^ divided into the Old T.^i, or the. City, and the Nev T(.\.'( The firft appears like an amiihiiheru'M.'it vefieis which enter ih; port , '.u: i,c houfes are meanj and ihe ftretts din- narrow, and ftetp. T*' ^cw Tuwn is a perfefc <-ontraft to f. <: ci:y, wiJi I which it 'lao a commutiicf.: , n by out of the hncft /^-ei f'i 'im«-^;'.jai,;' j arj it ha5 mnny otiif ; line (ii.Ui, as well as fquarcs,, .nd public buildings. Witli rcfped to commertc, Maileilles bji j '^etn callev'. Europe in miniatuie, on ;u<-ount of ir.c variety of drclies a,iil | i ..^uagcs which are I»ere f»cn and j heard. The port is a bafm rt aric! form, 3480 feet long, by 960 initj wiutft part, with 18 or 20 feet -icpilif of water. It is defended by a ci.aiij and a fort. In 1720, the plague car- ried off 50,000 inhabitants. In ijqJ Marfeilles revolted agiinft the Ftcii(!i National Convention, but was vftjl fcon reduced. It is 13 miles NWof| Toulon, and 362 S by B of Pari!, Lon. 5 27 E, lat. 4^ j8 N. Marsander/^n, a province of j Peifia, bounded on the N by tlieCaf.f piiin ; on the W by Cihilan; andoul the E Ly Alliabrtd. Frt^bad is tht I capital. MAKSHKiiLD, a town of GIoi)' MAR 4flterlhlre» with a market on Tuefday, fealed on the Cotefwold hills, 1 1 miles jofBriftol, and loa W of London, Marsico Nuovo, a town of JJaples, in Principato Citefiore, wi:Ji a bilhop's fee, feated at the foot of the yipennines, near the river Agri, fix miles from Marfico Vecchio, and 73 SE of Naples. Marstrand, a rocky ifland of Sweden, in the_ Categate, lying NW of the mouth of the Golha. On ac- count of its ftrength, it is called tbs Cibraltar of Sweden} and having been declared a free pert during thelaft war, it was remarkable as being the place of refort for the American *efiels. It is 1*0 miles it: ciicumference. The town conta'.jj'i 1200 inhabitants ; and the harbour is very commodious, but cf difficult entrance. Since the peace i,fj78j, its trade has declined j and the inhabitants fubfift chiefly by the hening-fiilery, by the number of jhips which in bad waefher take re- fuge in the harbour, and by a contra- I band trade. It is 23 miles NW of Gotheborg. Lon. Ji 30 £» lat. 57 .59 N. Marta, a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter and duchy of Liaftroj feated on a lake of the fame name, called alfo Bolfena, 35 miles N of Rome, Martaban, a fertile province of Pegu, lying on the gulf of Bengal. The capital is of the fame name, and -was a rich traJing. place before fljips \ were funk at the entrance of the h^r- bo:ir to choke it up. It is 80 miles Is of the city of Pegu. Lon. 96 56 jl, lat. 15 30 N. Mar TEL, a town of France, in [the department of Lot, feated near the iJDordogne, 18 miles E of Sarlat. Martha, St. a province of S l^Vmerica, lying on the coa/l of Terra iFirma, between Venezuela on the E and Ci.thagcna on the W ; to which Matter province it is fimilar, in vel'pect [both to the climate, and to the face and Iprodudls of the country. It is 300 |miks in length, and aoo in breadth. Martha, St. a feaport, the capi- jtil of the province of the fame name, - MAR In Terra Firma, with a bUhop's f«. It was once flourifhing and populous, but has much declined fmce theSpanlfti fleets no longer touch here. The houfes are built of canes, and covered moftly with palmeto leaves. It haa been frequently pillaged and ruined by the Englifh, the Dutch, and the buc« taneers. It i . feat:d on one of the mouths of the Rio Grande, near the mountains of St. Martha. Lon. 74 o W, lat. 11 a6 N. Martha's Vinxyard, an iiland of N America, near the coaft of Maf- fachufet?, 80 miles S of Boftoo. Lon. 70 22 W, lat. 41 16 N. MARTHAtEN, a confiderabic towa of Swilferland, in that part of the coun- ty of Kyburg, fubjeft to Zuric. Ic is feated near the Rhine, fix miles S of Schaftliaufen, Martigues, a ieaport of France, in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone, feated near a lake, iz miles long and five broad, which is twenty times lefs confiderabic than it was formerly, but whence they get very fine fifli and excellent fait. Martigues is 20 miles NW of Mar- feilles. Martin, Cafe, a promontory of Valencia, in Spain, which feparates the gulf of Valencia from that of Ali- cant. Lon, o 36 E, lat. 38 54 N. Martin, St. a town of France, in the Ifle of Rhe, with a harbour and flrong citadel, 15 miles W of Rocbelle* Lon. 117 W, lat. 46 10 N. Martin, St. one of the Lee- ward Caribbean iflands, in the Weft Indies, lying SW of Anguilla. It is 42 miles in circumference, has nei« iher harbour nor river, but feveral fait pits. It was long jointly pon'eiTed by the French and Dutch j but fines the commencement of the prefent war, the former have been expelled by the latter. Lon. 63 o W, lat. 18 4 N. Martinico, one of the Wind- ward Caribbean iflands in the Weft Indies, ICO miles in circumference. The French poflcded it from 1635 '''^ 1762, when it was taken by the ling- l.ili i but it was rellored in 1763 ; and again taken by the tn^lilh in 17^4* 2 ik . MAR Tt produtes Tugary cotton, ginger, indi- go, chocolate, aloes, pimento, plantains, and other tropical fruits j and is ex- tremely populous. It has fereral fafe harbours, well fortified. Fort St. Pierre, the principal pl;^ce, is in Ion. ^61 to W, lat. 144 N. Mar TOR AN o, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citeriore, with a bilhop's fee, 15 miles S of Cofenza. MARTOREt, a town of Spain, In Catalonia, at the confluence of the Noya and Lobragal, iS noiles NW of Barcelona. Martos, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with a fortrefs feated on a Tock, eight miles S of Anduxar. Marvijols, a commercial town of France, in the department of Lo- «ere, ftated on the Colange, 10 miles NW of ?4ende, and 300 S of Paris. Marvills, a town of France, in the department of Meufe, feated on , the Oihein, three miles N of Ja- ' nictz. Marylanp, one of t^he United Stat.s of America, tounded oft the N by Pennfylvania, on the E by the ft te of Delaware, on the SE and S by :he Atlantic, and on the S and W by Virginia, It is 174 miles long, and ito broad. It is divi- ded into 18 counties, and its capital is Annapolis. Wheat and tobacco are the ftaple commodities of this ftate, which, in loft rcfpcfts, refembles Virginia. Mary's River, St. n river of N America, in the ftate of Georgia. It forms a part of the S boundary of the United iicates, and enters Amelia Sound, in lat. 30 44 N. Mary's S,"rait, St. a ftrait in N America, which forms the com- munication between lake Superior and lake Huion. It is 40 miles long, and has a rapid fall, which, when con- ducted by careful pilots, may be de- fccnded without danger. Mar7a Sirocco, a gulf on the Sr.de of Malta. The Turks hmded here Vn IS^S* when they went to bo- fiege Valttttaj fpr which rcaCon the grand maftev ordered three forts to be ■ built for its defence. ^- MA« Mar fit LA, a town of Spain, 'n Navarre, feated near the river Arn. gon, on the road from Madrid tt Pampeluna. Masbatx, one of the Philippim Iflands, 75 miles in circumference, The natives arc tribuury to the Spj. niards. Lon. izz 25 £, lat. » 36 N. Masbrough, a flourifliing villaM on the W fide of the bridge of Ro. therham. Here was begun, about thirty-eight years ago, by three bro- thers, Aaron, Jonathan, and Sa^-nud Walker, a conflderable iron manjftf. tory, by which they acquired very great fortunes 5 and it is now carried on by their fons. Ma St: ATI-, a town on the coaftof Arabia Felix, ivith a caftle, feated on a rock, at the bottom of a bay. It is very ftrong both by nature and art; having been fortified, in 1650, by the Portuguefe. It was afterward taken by the Arabs, who put all the garrifon to the fword, except 18, who turned Mahometans. The cathedral, built by the Portuguefe, is now tb king's palace. The weather is fohot from May to September, thatnopeo. pie are to be feen in the ftreets fiomtea in the morning till four in the after- noon. Lon. 57 26 £, lat. 24 N. Mas-0"-Asil, a town of France, in the department of Arriege, featd on the rivulet Rife, eigiit miles from Pamiers. Maskelynk's Isles, a gronpnf | fma 1 but beautiful iflanJs, lying off the SE point of Malicollo, one of the New Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon. 167 59 £, lat. 16 32 S. Massa, an ancient and populous town of Tufcany, capital of a fmall principality of the fame name, whofe , fovcreignty is independent of the grand j duke. It has a ftrong caAle; is famous for its qu irr'cs of fine marble, and it 5 <; miles W by N of Florence. Loni 10 o E, lal. 44 o N. Massa, a town of Naples, in Ter« r3 di Lavoro, w'th a bifliop's fee, lo j miles S of Naples, Massa, a town of Italy, in the! Siennefe, with a bi/hop's fee. It is I MAT felted on a mountain, near the fca^ 85 miles SW of Sienna, Massachusets, one of the Uni- ted States 0*^ N America, bounded on the N by New Hampfliire and Ver- mont; on the W by New York; on the S by ConheTftkuC, Rhode Ifland, and the Atlantic ; and on the E by thatoceai, and the bay of MafTachu- fets. It is 150 miles long and 60 brojdj and is divided into 14 coun- ties. It produces plenty of In-iian corn, fliix, hemp, copper, and ironj and they have manafaftorics of lea- ther, linen, and wobllen cloth. Bof- ton is the capital. Massachuset* Bav, a bay of N America, which fpteads eaftward of Bofton, and is comprehended be- tween Cape Ann o« the N> and Cape Cod on the S. It is fo named, as well as the whole ftate of MalFachu- fets, from a tribe of Indians of the /ame name, that formerly lived round this bay. The Indian word is Mois 1(bujjeg } that is * the country on this fide the hills.' Maesafra, a ftrong town of Na- fles, in Terra d'Otranto, with a bi- lh)p's fee ; feated at the foot of the Appennines. Lon. 17 20 £, lat. 40 ^oN. Masserano, a town of Piedmont, j capital of a fmaU principality of the fame name, held by its prince as a iier'of the church. It is feated on a mountain, 40 miles NE of Turin. Lon, 8 14 E, lat. 45 38 N. Mastico, Capo, a cape on the i S fide of the ifland of Scio. Masuah, a town of Abyflinia, on an ifland on the coaft of the Red Sea. I Lon. 39 36 E, lat. 15 35 N. Masulipatam, a commercial Ifcaport of Hindooftan, feated near tlie mouth of the Kiftna, on tiie coatl of Coromandel, aoo miles NofMadr.;s. |Lm, 81 12 E, lat. 168 N. Mataca, orM antaca, acom- Imodious bay on the N coill of the lilland of Cuba, g^ miles E of Ha- jtanra. Lon 81 16 W, lat. 33 12 N. Matagorda, a forti el's of Spain, |itthe entrance of the harbour of Cadiz. AlATAtoNA, a town of Ni'ples, MAT in Terra di Lavoro, eight njiles JfyiT of Capua. MatamaK, a defert country of Africa, bounded on the N by Ben- guela, on ^e £ by parts unknown, on the S by the country of the Hotten'* tots, and on the W by the Altantic. Matan, or Mactan, an ifland of Afia, one of the Philippines, Here M'lgellan was killed in 1521 } and ^he inhabitants have fince thrown oft" the yoke of Spain. Matapan, Capi, the 'tnoft fouthern promontory of the Morea, * between the gulf of Coron and that of Colochina. Lon, 2Z 40 £, lat. 36 25 N. Ma TAR AM, a large and ftron^ town, formerly capital of an empire of that name, in the ifland of Java* Lon. Ill 55 £« lat. 7 15 S. Mataro, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, remarkable for its glafs- works. It is feated on the Mediter- ranean, 15 miles NE of Barcelona* Lon. 2 29 E, lat. 41 36 N. Matcowitz, a ftrong town of Upper Hungary, feated on a moun" tain, 185 miles NE of Prefljurg. Matelica, a town in the mar- quifate of Ancona, 15 miles S of Jefi, ^ . Mat ERA, a confiderable town of Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, with a bilhop's fee, feated on the Canapro, 35 miles NW of Tarento. Matlock, a village, near Wlvkf- worth, in Dcibyfliire, fituate on the Dewvent. It has two wa' m baths, and is much frequented in the bathing fci- fon. It ii an extenfive ftraggling vil- lage, built in a romantic ftyle, on the fteep fikie of a mountain, the houfea rifing regularly one abrve anoilier to nearly the fummit. There are good accommodations for the company v^ho refoii to the baths ; and the poorer in- habitants are fuppoited by the falc of petnfa gth, extending to MAY Mount Cenis, which feparates It f onj Piedmont. St. John is the capital. Mauritius. See Isle or France. Wau-rva, one of the Society Jflands. in the S Pacific Oceaa, j± miles W of Bolabola. Lon. 152 « W, lat, 162? S. Mawes, St. a borough in Corn- wall, which has no inarket, nor church, chapel, or meeting-houfe. H.'riry VIII built a caftle heie, oppo- fite Pendennis caftle, on the E fide of Falmouth haven, for the better frcu- rity of that important poit. It is three miles E of Falmouth, and 250 W by S of London. Lon. 4 c6 W, Jat. 50 8 N. Maximin, St. a townofFranc?, in the department (;fVar. Beton- the revoluti.in, here was a convent nfDi- minicans, who pretended to prefeive in it the body of Mary MagriaJ n, whch, in reti;rii, brought them a grcjt rcfort of vifitors. It is fcjted on the Argens, 20 miles N of Tou!on. May, a fmall ifland of Scotland, at the mouth of the fiith cf Forth, feven miles SE of Crail. It has a lighthoufe, of great benefit to vcflils entering the frith. May, Cape, a cape of N Ame. r'ca, on the N fide of the ni'^uth nf the Delaware. Lon. 75' 4 V/, lit, 39 ° ^' Mayence. See Ment«. Mayf.nne. See Maine. Mayo, a fertile county of Irdanii, in the province of Connaught, 6i mi!cs in length, and 52 in breadth] bounded on the: .E. by Rofcommon, 0:1 the S by Gaiway, on the W and N by the Atlantic, and on the NE t/ Slijio. It contains 73 pariflifS, and fends four members to parliament. The principal town, of the fame name, if much decayed. Lon. 9 3>W, U 53 40 N. Mayo, or the Isle-of May, one of the Cape de Vcrd i/lands, in the Atlantic, 300 miles from Cape de Verd in Africa, and 17 in circumfe- rence. I'inola is the principal town, and has two church^is. The inhabi- tants arc negroes, who fpeqk the Por- flig«tfe langua 15 10 N. Ma z a g a n kingdom of M Aiiantic, cighi and 1 20 N of I Mazara, cjpital of a fer name, with a SWofTrapanj 37 53 N. Meaco, a Niphon, in Jaj /vmerly the ca| magazine of all J^pjn, and th ti^de. The inh 600,000. Lon. 30 N. AfKADrA, a \ tf:e bannat of 'J the Danube, 15 MjEAo, one of in the Indian C ^aibour. Lon. ] Mearn-s, i Weatk, or tnunty of Ireland Wiifter, 36 mile ill breadth j bou Cav:nand Loutl Inlh Sea a- d Dii thit c.umty and h W by Wdl Meat rai'ftcs, and fei FJrh'anient. Trirr Mkath, Wes land, in the pro hnund,»ii 0^ ths J i^E .ii,(i E by Eaft h King's Cour.ty, common, from wl i^ythe Shannon, l-cngrord. Jt jj fulousand fertile 'wntains 62 p,,]/}, '"'■mbers to parlia '■• the county. town Weaux, an ^"ce, in the de 'nJ Marne, with a »fge and pppuious 5 "!*'• place is a pcnir 'e town, wliiiih ME A MEC (ogatfe language, Loii, 23 oW, lat. 15 10 N. ' ' Ma z AG AN, a ftrong town of the k'.ngiiom of Morocco, featcd near the A'.Untic, eight miles W of Atamor, ami 120 N of Morocco. Mazaha, a good fcap!>rt of Sicily, cjpital of a fertile va'ley of the fame nitne, with a bifliop's fee, 25 miles SWofTrapani. Lon. I2 30 E, lat. Meaco, a city of the ifland of Niphon, in Japan, of which it was fumerly the capital. It is the great magazine of all the mmuf.idlurcs in JAfia, and the principal place for twiie. The inhabitants aiC fa:d to be 6co,ooo. Lon. 134 45 E, lat. 35 30 N. Meadia, a town of Hungary, in the baiinat of Temefwar, featel on the Danube, 15 miles E of Belgrade. MiAO, one of theJVlolucca Ifland', in the Indian Ocean, wich a. good haibour. Lon. 127 5£, lat. 1 iz N. Mearns. See Kincardine- shire. Mr.ATM, or East Meath, a county of Ireland, in the province of Loiiifter, 36 miles in length', and 35 ill breadth ; bounded on the N by Cav.n and Louth, on the E by the Iri(h Sea a' d Dublin, on the S by tli.it County and Kildaie, and on the W by Wi-ll Meathi It contains 139 railllics, and fends 14 members to j fjrliament. Trim is the capital. Mfath, West, acounty of Ire- I land, in the province of Leinfter ; biiundfii 0^ ths N by Cavan, on the NEaiidEhy Eaft Meath, on the S k King's County, on the W by Rol- cjmmon, from which it is feparated Iky the Shannon, and on the NW by jLongford. It is one of the moft po- Ipulous and fertile counties in Ireland, Irontains 6a puiflies, and fends 10 Imembers to parliament. Mullenger |h the county-town. MtAux, an ancient town of •iiice, in the department of Seine bnd Marnc, with a bilhop's fee. It is large and populous 5 and the fine mar- ket- place is a pcninfula contiguous to be town, which was formerly well fortified, and, in 142 1, flood a fiegt of three months againft the Englifh. It is feated on the Marnc, 10 inilrl NW of Colomiers, and 25 NE of Paris. Lon. 2 58 £, lat. 48 58 N. Mkcan, a large river, which rifes in Thibet, and flowing through Laos and Cambodia, falls by twn mouths into the Eaftern Ocean, forming ait ifland below the city of Cambodia^ which here gives name to the eaftern branch. Mecca, an ancient and famous town of Arabia Deferta ; feated in a barren valley, furrounded by little hillr.- It is fupported by the annual refort of pilgiims at a certain feafon of the year ; for, at other^ times, the fli-ps are fcarcely open. On the top of ontf of the hills is a cave, where they pre- tend Mahomet ufually retired to jer- fnrm his devotions, and hither, they affirm, the greateft part of the Koran was brought him by the angel Gabriel. Numbers of /heep are brought hither to be fold to the pilgrims. The tem- ple of Mecca refsmbles, in form, the Royal Exchange in London. There are cloifteis all round the quadrangler within, and ceils for thofe that live a roonaftic life. The Beat-Allah, in the middle of the temple, is a fquare ftrucla;e, covered all over from top to bottom with a thick embroidereon. 40 55 £., lat. 21 45 N. M EC K L E N B u R G) a fertile country •f Germany, in the circle of Lower S-txony ; bounded on the N by the Baltic, on the £ by Fomeraiiia, en ihe S by Brandenburg, and on the "W , by Holftein and Lunenburg j lying be- tween 13 25 and 17 o E Ion, and 53 10 and 54 40 N lat. it extends 135 . miles in length, and 90 where broad- eft. It was, for many centuries, under ;the government of one prince ; but on the death of the fovereign, in -1592, ,it was divided between his two tons ; the eldeft retaining the duchy of JVIecklenburg Schwcrin, which is con- ijderably the largeft /hare, while the younger obtained the duchy of Meck- ilenburg Strelitz. This dividon ftiU /ubfiftsj andAdoIphiis IV, thejjprcfent duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz, is bro- ther to Charlotte, queen of .Great Bri- tain* JSchwerin is the capital of the .former, and New Strelitz of the lattei;. Mechlin, a city of the Auftcian 'Netherlands, capital of a diftridt of xhe fame name, with an archbifliop's i>;. It confitts of feveral fmall i Hands mide by artificial canals. Here is a great foundry for ordnance of all kinds i and it is famous for its iine lace, an i a fort of beer, .which is Xent into the neighbjuring provinces* It /ubmitted to the duke of Marlborough m 17C6, and was taken by the French in 1746, biit reftorcd in 1748. In 1792, the French again took it, eva- «;uated it the next year, 'and re-enter- W k in I7c)4* It is feat cd on the Dender, 10 miles NE of BrufTelc and 15 SE of Antwerp. Lon. 4 « £, lat. 51 2 N. Mechoachan, a fertile province of New Spain, in the audience of Mexico } bounded on the N by Panuco, on the E by Mexico Proper, on the S by the Pacific Ocean, and on the W by New Galicia. It is 200 miles in circumference, and has mines of fi j and copper, and great plenty of" cocoa. trees and fillc. Mechoacan isi ihe cj. pitiL Lon. 85 o W, lat. 20 N. Meckley, a province of Alia, bnundcd on the N by Aflam, on the E by China, on the W by Bengal, a.iii on the S by RoiTiaan and Burmali, ts which laft it is fubje^. Medelin, a town of Spain, in Edramadura, fcated on the Guadianj, 22 miles £ of Merida. Medelpadia, a maritune pro, vincc of Sweden, in Norland, and on the gulf of Bothnia, full of mountalni and forefts. Sundfwall is the capital, Medemblick, a good feapcrt of the United Provinces, in N Holland, llated on t'le Zuidcr-Zec, nine miles N of Hoorn, and 22 NE of Amfter. dam. L'jn. 5 o E, lat. iji 47 N. MxniNA, a fmall but: fam.ius town of Arabia Deferta, celebrated for beinj the burial-place of Mahomet. It is walled round, and has a very large mofque, in one corner of which is the tomb of Mahomet, inclofcd with cur. tains, and lighted by a great many lamps. Medina is 200 miles NW of Mecca. Lon. 39 33 E, lat. 24 zoN. MEnjNA-Cii.i, a town of Spain, in Old Caftilc, capital of a duchy of the fa'Tie name ; feated near the Xa* long, 10 miles NE of Sigusnri, inj 7 5 S W of SaragoHa. L'jn. a ^4 W, • at. 4J 12 N. Medina-del-Campo, a large comnieicial town of Spair, in Leor, j 37 miles SE of Zamora, aiiJ 75 NW ofMadiid. M'EDiNA-nE las-Torres, aj ancient town of Spain, in Eihnmadmi I with a caftle, feated at the foot of 1 1 mouni-ain, near Badajo2. Mf riN A - PEL -Rio-Sicco, MJ ancient town of Spain, in Leon, jj WEff UKJL miles NW of Valladolid, and 50 SE of Leon. MtntNA-SiDowiA, an ancient town of Spain, in Aiidalufia, vrith a caftle, 36 miles NW of Gibialtar, and joE of Cad'z. Meditkaranxan, a fra between Af»> Africa, and Europe, communi- cuing with the Atlantic by the ftralts of Gibultar ; and with the Biaclc Sea by the ftrait of Gallipoli, the fea cf Marmora, and the Ikait of ConAanti - oople. MtDNiKi, a town of Samog'ttia, with a biOioi>'s fee, feated on the Warwitr, 40 miles E of Memel. Medua, a town of the kingdom of Algiers, I75niiles SW of Algiers. Medway, a river which rifis in ' SiiHlx, Wd ers Tunbridgc, and, at Maidlbnc, is navigable to Rochefter j below which, at ' Chatham, it is a ftation for the royal navy, Dfviding into two brai;chc», the W one enters the Tharnes, between the iflcs of Grain and Shfp''v, and is defended by tiie fort at Shccmefs. The £ branch, called the E Swale, paffls by Queen- borough and Milton, and falls into the fea brlow Fevcrfhsm. Medwi, a town of Swedi?n, in tlie province of £ Gotliland, called the Swediih Spa, on account of its vitrio. lie and fulphureous waters. The lodg- ing-houfes form one ftreet of uniform wooden buildings painted red. The walks and ridi^s are delightful, particu- larly on the b inks of lake Wetter.- It is three miles fom Wadftena. Medziboz, a town of Polan'?, in the palatinate of Volhinia, fe^.ted on the river Bog, MKGA^A,oncealarge, bu;nowin- confiderable town of Livadia, rontain- iog ftill fame fine remains of antiquity. It is 30 miles W of Athens. Megen, a town of Dutch Brabant, featrd on the Maefe, 1 5 miles S W of Nimeguen. Megesvar, a townof Tranfylva- nia, capital of a county of the fame name, remarkable for its wines. It is feated on the Kotel. Loo. ^5 20 E, , ku 46 50 N. McbiXK*, a tovim of Tranfylva^ nia, 18 miles N of Hermanftadt. MiHRAN, the principal of the' channels into which the Indus is dt<* vided, nearTatta, in HindooAan Proper** Mihun-sur-Ykvrb, a town of France, in the department of Cherr with the ruins of an old caftle built by Charles VII) as % place of retirement. Here he ftarvcd himfelf^ in the drcad^ of being poifoned by his fon, afterward* Lewis XI« It is feated on the Yevre»' 10 miles from Bourgcs, and 105 S of Paris.. MiHUN- soR-LoiRf, a town off France, in the department of Loirety ic miles from Orleans^ Meii. tSRiE, a village of Chablj'3»> in Savoy, feated on the lake of Geneva. It is SW of Clarens, which place and* Meillerie are both intercfting fcenes iiv the Eio'fa of Roufll-au. MziNAV, an ifljnd in the bay of the Podmer Ste, or middle lake of Conftance, one mile in circumferrncc.^ It belongs to the knights of the Teu» tonic order, and produces excellent wine, which forms the chief revenue of the commander. It is five miles H- of Conftance. MsisstN, a conflderable town In' the ele£torate of Saxony and margravatr of Mifnia, with a caftle. The famous.- manutaflory of porcelain is fettled here,- It is feated on the Elbe, 10 miles NW ofDrefden. Lon. 13- 33 E, lat. 51. 15 N. Meisjeji, orMiSNiA, a margra*- vate in the eleftorate of Saxony, bound- ed on the N by the duchy of Saxony, on the E by Lufalia, on tl.e S by Bo«' hernia, and on the W by Thuringia.- It is ICO miles in length, and 80 ia breadth. The capital is DreCien, MrcAzzo, an ancient town oP Natolia, with a bifhop's fee, and fomtt-* curious monuments of antiquity. It is: feated on a bay of the Archipelago, 60 miles S of Smyrna. Melck, a froall, well- fortified. town of Germany, in the circle of: Lower Auftria, with a celebrated Bene- didline abbey, feated oa a. ixiil,, ^yr miles W of Vienna.. l>. V <^ /} ''V ^^ '^.W 'TV IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ■^ 1^ III 2.2 t m 1.1 f.-^ii^ 1.25 I I 1.8 1.4 11 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation fe // /. Ua % *\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 4 ::'L . ,isf^, !.;■;■.;■.:■ mem MittcoMB-REGis, a borough of Mttirttto, a town of Sicily, fa tJorO'fliire, with two mr.rkets, on the Val di-Noto, eij^ht miles W of Tucfday and I^rlday. It is fejted on aii I«contini. vm of the fea, and joined to Weymouth Melito, a town of Naples, in Ca- by a timber bridge, which has a draw- labiia U.teriorc, wiih a blhop's fc:, bridge in the middle, to admit the 40 miles N of Rcgglo*. paHfage of /hips. The two towns being M e l l :t, a town of the bi/bopric of Incorporated together, are governed by Ofnaburg, 10 miles E of Ofnaburg. a mayor, aldermen, and a tccordei ; Melle, a town of France, in the and each fends two members to par- departmentof the Two Sevres, 13 miles liament. MeJcomb is eight miles S of S of St. Maixent. Drtchefter, and 129 W£W ofLon- Meller. See Maeler. don. Met,linoen, a town of Svvifler- MstDELA, a town of Italy, in Jand, in the baiiiwicof Baden. Itde- Roniagna, bcJonging to its own prince, pends on thie caistons of Zuric and It is eight mi'es fiom Ravenna. • Bern, aid is feated on the Reufs, five MrtDORP. a confidcr'able town in miles S by W of Baden, the duchy of Holllein J feated near the Melnick, a town of Bohemia, JVi-.de, 15 miles S of Tonningen, and feated at theconflucnce of the Elbe and 45 W of Hamburg. Muldaw, 18 miles N of Prague. MiLFi, a confiderable town of Me tou£, a town of Upper Egypt, fiaples, in Bafilicata, with an ancient feated on the Nile^ with a remarkable ckiite, feated on a reck, and a biihop's mofque. Loii. 31 55 £, iat. 27 jofi". fee, 16 miles NE cf Consa, and 7* M£i.ro8£, a town of Roxburg! . of Naples. Aire, clofe by which are the magnifi. MxtrPA, aniflandof Dalmatia, in centremainsofMelrofe Abbey, found, the gulf of Venice, and in the repub- ed, iii 11361 by David I. Partoficii lie of Ragufa, 15 miles in length. It ftill ufed for divine fervice. Alexan* hfit fix villages and feveral harbours, der II, it is faid, is buried herej mi Melilla, an ancient town of the James rarl of Douglas, (lain at the b^t- kbgdom of Fez. It was taken, in 1496, tie of Otterburn, in 138S, and wiiofe by the Spaniards, v^o baik a citadel death.is lamented in the celebrated fang here; but it was reftored to the Moors, of Chevy Chafe. Melrofe is feated It is feated near the P/Iediterrancan, 75 near the Tweed, 28 miles SE of Edin- miies W by N of Tremefen. Lon. burgh. 2 57 W, Iat. 34 48 N. Melton Mowbray, a town of Melinha, a kingdom of Africa, Leicefterfliire, with a great market, on on the coaft of Zanguebar. The ca Tutfday, for cattle. It is feated on pital, of the fame name, is feated at the Eye, over which are two ftone the mouth of the Quilmanci. Here bridges. The fine cheefe called Stil- the Portuguefp have 17 churches, nine ton, is made chiefly in the neighbour- convents, and warehoufes well proviJ- hood of Melton Mowbray, w.hich is ed with European goods. They ex- change thcfc for gold, ilaves, elephants (eeth, oiVrich feathers, wax, aloes, &c. The town is furrounded by fine gaid- rns, and has a good harbour, defend- ed by a fort ; but the entrance is dan- gerous, on account of the great num- ber of rocks under water. The inha- bitants are Chriftians and negroes, v^hich laft iiave their own king and re- ligion } and the number of both is faid to amount to aco,ooo. Lon. 3^ 40 E, I.tt. 3 10 S, T 5 miles S by £ of Nottingham, and 106 N by W of London. Melun, an ancienttown ofFrance, in the departmentof Seine and Manic, feated on the Seine, 15 miles SE cf Paris. Mfmbbilio, a town of Spain, In Efriamadura, 14 rr.ilcs S of Akantai.i. Mem EL, a ftrong town in l-'altcrti PrulTia, with the finclt haibrui in tli<; Baltic, an extenfivc commene, and a caftie. Ir is feated on the N cxtrffri- ty of the Cmil'thc Hat, an inkt tf.he >k>«»i4'iMn MEN- Baltic, 110 miles NE ofDaiitzic. ton. ai 40 E, lat. 55 46 N. Memmingen, a ftrong town of Suabia, »4. miics SE of Ulm, Menan, « large river of the king- dom of Siam, which pafles by- the city ot'Siam, and falls into the gulf of that nime below Bancock. Menancabo, a town, inthelflafid of Sumatia, capital of a fmall king- dom of the fame name, and fcaied on the S coaft. ^ Men PE, a populous town of Fi-ance, capital of the department of Lozere, with a bilhop's fee. It has manufac- tories of woollen ftufT? ; and is feared on the Lot, 35 miles SW of Fuy, and 110 S by £ ot Paris. Lon. 3 35 £, ht. 44 3 1 N. Mendii'-Hills, a lofty mineral tuft, in the NE of So.nerfet/hite, a- bounding in coal, lead, and calamine. Copper, manganefe,bole, and red ochre, are alfo found in thefe hill». Mendlesham, a town of Soffolfc, wtha market on Friday , 18 miles E of Bury St. Edmund's, and 8x N£ of iondoh. MsNnRAH, a province ox Africa, i« thekingdadttof Fessan, %rth A toWn of the fame name, 60 miles S of Moor- wok. Although much of the lani is a continued level of hard and barren foil, the quantity of trona, a fpecies of f ilfil alkali that floats on the furface of its numerous fmoking lakes, has given it great importance. Mr.NEHOuLD, St. a confideraWe town of France, in the department of Marne. It is feated on the river Aifne, between two rocks, with a r 'ftlc, ad- vantajcoufly ftcuatcd. It was almoft totally de(lroye-l hy a cnr.flagrsti'>n in 1719. It was hsfre, on the acth (\f September 1791, that general Du- mourier gave the firft check to the progrefs of the vidorious FrulTians, \Vhicli, in the end, connpellcd them Lo a difgiactfui letie.ir. Sr. Menehould isio miles NE of Chalons, and no E of Paiii. Mknin, a town of Audrian Flan- ders, of which it lids been confidered as the key j and in evry war, from tile middle of the jjth century, the MEN pdfTc/non of it has been deemed &f thie utmod confequcnce. It has, thVre^ fore, been often taken and retaken} the lall time by the French in April 1794, when the garrifon (in Order to fdve the unhappy emigrants) bravely forced their way through the enemy» Ih 1585, it was atmoft entirely de- ftroyed by fire. It is feated on the Lis, eight mile;sSE of yprest Men TON, a town of Italy, in the principality of Monaco, with a caftle ) feated near the fea, five miles frOm Monaco. Lon. 7 35 E, lat. 43 46 N. Mentz, the capital of the elec- torate of Mentz, with a univerfity, and an archbishop's fee. The archbi- fhop is an elcftor of the empire, &c. This city is built in an irregular man- ner, and plentifully provided with churches. It is one of the towns which claim the invention of printing. The French took it by furprife, Oc- tober 4^, 1792.- They, fo greatly ftrengthened the fortifications, thac, the next year, it (lood a long blockade and fiege againft the king of PrufTia, to whom, however, it furi'endercd, on the »3dof Jtjly, 1793. Many of the churches, public building!?, and private houfes, were deflroyed, or greatly in« jured, during the fiege, as well as th« elector's country palace (called the Favorita) fome fine villages, vineyards, &c. Mentz is feated on the Rhine, juft below its confluence with the Maine ; and oppufite to it, on the fi fide, is the ftrong town of Caflel, connected with it by a bridge of boats. It is 15 miles W of Francfort, and 75 £ of Treves. Lon. 8 26 £, lat. 40 51 N. Mentz, an archbifhopric and elec- torate of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine; and lying upon that river. It is bounded on the N by Wcteravia and Hcflc, on the S bjr Fraiiconia and the palatinate of the Rhine, and on the W by the ele£toratc of TrevfS ; is 50 miles in length, and 20 in breid^h ; and is very fertile. The cleftor is alfo fovereign of Eichs- feld, Eisfcld, or Eifeld (a country furrounded by Hcflc, ThuringiS) Oru- MER MER I • Ikenfaajen, and Calenberg) and of the clt*afid territory of Erfort. MepheN} a town of Weftphalia, which depends on the bifliop of Man- ner, and is Teated on the Embs, i^ miles N of IJngen, and 5a NW of Munfter. iU£q.uiNSKZA) an a<)cient town •f Spain» in Arragon,. with a ca.1ie. It is feated at the confluence of the Ekb and Segra, 39 miles N W ' of pTortofa, and 180 NE of Madrid. . Mequinbz, a city of tiie kingdom •f Fez, and nuw the capital of the whole empire of Morocco. It is feat- ed in adejightfui plain, having a (erene Biid clear air ; for which reafon it is t'aat the emperor re (ides In this place in preference to Fez. Clofe by Me- quinez, is a large negro town, which t^kes up as much ground as the city, but the iioufes are not fo high, nor fo viell built. The houfes of Meqtinea are very good, but they ftand in very Barrow ftieets, and hardly any wirdows a:e to be feen, except little holes to ]nok out at. The light comes in at the back of their houfcs, each of which has a large quadrangle. Mequinez is 66 miles W of Fez. Lun. 6 $ W, lat. 33 16 N. ^ Mer, a town of France, in the ds- tirtnient of Loir and Cher, 10 miles |f England, the boundary between Cheshire and Laii- cafliire. After rtccivirg the Tamo and irwcll, aiid pafiitnj by Maudidler ■^•1»|f\v^,.i^»Wl^«n»*« ' Bockha« MES- and Warrington, it enters the Irifli Sea below Liverpool. MiRSEY-IsLAND, an ifland of Iffex, between the mouth of the Coin and the entrance of Blackwater Bay. In the reign of Alfred, it was feized by the Danes for their winter quarters. I It bad once eight pariflies, now rc(fu- ced to tiie two called E and W Merfey, MEKSfUR-c, a town of Suable, in thebifliopric of Conftance, feated oh the N Me of tlie lake of Conllance, 1 1 miles from tiie town of that name. It istlie biihop's ufual place of refldence. Mi«Toi.A, a ftrong town of Por- tugal, in Alcntejo, feated near the Guiidiano, 60 miles S of Evora, and looSEof Lifbon. Merton, a vil'age near Oxford, /ituate near two military ways.. There we e intrenchments in the neighbour- ing woods, fuppofed to be thrown up by Icing Ethelred, or the Danes.' Me»ton, a village of Surry» feat- ti on the Wandle. k had a celebrat- ed abbey, founded in the reign of Henry 1, in which feveral important tranfa^ions toolt place j . particularly, at a parliament held here, in 1236^ W'jre enadcd the provifions of Merton (the nioft ancient body of law after Magna Charta) and the barons gave tbt celebrated anfwer to the clergy, « Niliimus Ugfs Angl'ia mutarc—Wt,, will not change the jaws of England.' Nolhinj remains of this abbey but the £ window of a chapel, and the walls which furround the premifes, which are built of flint, are nearly entire, and include about 60 acres.- Upon the fite of this abbey are two calico manu- fa£laries, and a copper* mill } and about 1000 perfons are- now employed on a fpot, once the abode of nionaftic indo- lence. Merton is fevpn miles SW of. London. Merve, the N branch of the Mdefc in Holland, on which Rotter- d.)m is feated. Merville, a town of France, In thedepartmi lit of the North and late French Fland-.rs, feated on tlie Lis, JO miles SE of Cartel, and 34 SW of Meiiin. MiscHiD, a co^.fjvieralle town of MET Pcrfla, in Korafan- famous for tlitf' magnifieent fepulchre of Iman Rifa, of the family of All, to which the Per. fians pay great devotion. It is feated- on a mountain, izo miles S£ of ths Cafpian Sea. Lon. 6i 10 E, lat. if laN. Mzs^EN, a feaport of Rufila, in the* government of Archangel, feated ow . the river Mefen, on the E coaft of the , White Sea, 1 60 miles N of Archa%el»' Lon. 44 25 E, lat. 6550 N. • Me »« IRK, a town of Suafaia, in^ the county of Furftenburg, 1.5 miles* N of Uberliogcrf. ^ M&ssiNA, an ancient and ftrong cty of Sicily, in the Val-di Dcmona,. with a citadel, -feveral forts, a fpacious'^ harbour,, and an archbifliop's fee. Ic is five miles in circumfi-'rence, and hao- f lur large fuburbs. The public build- ings andmonafteries aie nuracmus and* magnificent, and it contains 6o,oco' i nhabit?nts» The harbour, whofe quay is above a mile in length, is one of the- fafeft in the Mediterranean, and in the form of a half tnoon. It is five- miles in circumference, and txtrem« - ly deep. The viceroy of Sicily refides • here fis months in the year; and it is- a place of great trade in fiik, oil, fruit, corn, ^d excellent wine, efpecially fince it has been declared a free port. /ri],iSjplace fuffered much by the dread- 'ful earthquake in 1783. It is feated on the feafide, no miles E of Palermo,- and iSo SE of Naples. Lon. 15 50^ E, lat. 38 10 N. MESTRi.,atownof Italy, in thcdo- gado of Venice, 16 miles NE of Padua.- Messurata, a feaport of the' kingdom of Tripoli, in Africa. Hence a caravan proceeds -- pjico. Lon. 100 5 W, lat. 19 54 N. Mexico, O1.0, or Nkw Spain, anextenfive country in N America, bounded on the N by New Mexico, and on the SE by the jfthmus of Drien, where its brtadth is not more than 60 miles; its weftcfn coaft being wafted by the Pacifi'; Ocean and the gulfof California,, and its eaftern by thegoif of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. It lies between 83 and 1 10° W ioh. and extends frorti 7' 30 to 30 40 N iafrtode; being 20CO miles Ibng, and,. in its wideft part, Co the N, above 600 broad. Although Mexico is withlr the torrid zone, the cli.'tiate h ttmperate and healthy. No coiintry abounds more with grain, fruits, roots, arid vegetables ; many oftheni petu- liar to the country, or, at leaft, to America. It is celebrated for its mines jcCgold and filver, and has quairrifes of Kper, porphyry, and'exquifilie vhiMi. Gnthineal is alhioft iveculiar td this t untry; its indigoaftd cocoa are fuperlof to' any in Amefica"; smd it& logwftbd has been long an important article of cimmerce. Among the quadrupeds aft the futHii and jaqtiar^ bears^ ciks, I wolves, deer, &c. the puma and IjVfHflr have been inaccurately denomi- jnated, by Europeans, Iknt VivA tigers \ jbutthey poflefs neither the undaunted' I Murage of the former, n«t the '.rave - Iwus cruelty of the latter. Tiie do'. M E Z me4!c ahimaJs of Europe, part'cuIarTy horned cattle, have multiplied here, almoft with incredible Rapidity. Num- bers of thefe having been J'uffered to run wild, now range over the vaft plains, in herds of from 30 to 40,000:' they are killed mierely for the fkkc/>f their hides j and the flaughtc ^ tain feaibns, is fo grtat, that tj of the carcafes, which are /l^dj^Wie field, would infect the air, packs of wild dogs, and Vail flocks oT gal/iftazos, or American vultures, the moid voracious of birds, did npt inftant- ly devour them : thcfe hides are an- nually exported,^ in vaft quantities, ^o Europe. New Spain is divided into the three audiences of Guadalajara, Mexico, and Guatimala j fubdifided* into provinces; the principal of which, in each ai/dience, being Guadalajara Proper, Mexico Proper, and Guati- mal*' Proper. The whole country is governed by a viceroy, the extent of whofe jurifdiftion, however, has been wifely circuitifcribed, in the courfe of' this Century, by the creftion of the four remote provinces of Sonora,- Ci- naloa, ealifornia, and New \.Navarre, into a.feparate govei^nment. MtxicXi, liy.vf, it large Country of N America, bourtded ori the' W by* the gulf of California, on thie S by New Spain, on the £ by Louifiana, and on the Nf by^ unknown countries, fo that its exftent cannot be kfcctdvikA. Great encomiumi have beeA laviflied on the fertility of its' foil, the richnefs of its miiltb, and the vxiety of its Valuable produ£lrough of Corn- wall, which has neither market nor fair. It is eight miles SW of St. Columb, and 249 W by S of London. MicHASL., St. a town of France, vn the department of Meufe, (eated on the river Meul'e, so ml es N£ of Bar- le-Duc, and 165 E of Paris. by a canal, which will bear the Wgeft vefTels. It is zo miles NE of Bruges, and 7a SW of Amfterdam. Lon. 3, 39 E, lat. 51 3* N. MiDfiLEBURc, a^town ofDutcli Flanders, which belongs to tlie prince of IfTenghein. It is five miles S£ of Sluys. MiDDLEBURC. See EOOA. MroDLESEX, acouniy of England, bounded on the N by Hertfordihire, on the E by Elfex, on the S by Surry and Kent, and on the W by Buckinghamihire. It is the lealt Michael, St. the Gutr. ot, tp the E of Panama, that part of the county in England, except Rutland Pacific Ocean, which was firft difco< fbire, being only 22 miles from £ to vered by the Spaniards, after their inarch acrofs the ifthmus of Darien. Michael, St. a town of Peru, in the province of Quito. It was the firft Spai)i(h colony in Peru, and is Piura, Lon. W, and 17 from N to S ; but it it far the richeft. It contains 126 pa. xilhes, befide Lond(*n, and four noatk- et-towns, and fends eight membeit. to parliament. The air is healthy ^ but the foil is not naturally fertile; though by its vicinity to the metropolis, many parts of it are converted into rich beds of manure, clothed with al* moft perpetual verdure. MiADL-ESEx/a county of NAme- feated near the motith of the at5 miles S by W of Quito. 80 50 W, lat. 5 o S. MiCHAXi; BE Ibakba, St. a town of Peru, in the province of Quito, 60 miles NE of Quito. Michael, St. a feaport of New rica, in the ftate of Connedlicut, Spain, in the province of Guatimala, which, with the county of Tolland, feated on a fmall river, 180 miles S£ has been recently formed from thato^ cf New Guatimaia. Lon. 87 45, W, Hartford. Middleton and Haddam kt. 12 25 N. Mic u A X.L, S T. the moft fertile and populous of the Azores or WeAern If- lands. Its two principal harbours are Ponta Delgada and Villa Franca : the former is tlie capital of the iiland. one of the county-towns of Middiefeu Lon a5 4aW, lat. J7 47 N. Middletown, a town of N MiCHir,AM,agreatIakeofNAme- America, in the ftate of New Jet fey, rica } its NE extremity communicates and adjoining Shrewibury, in the coun. with the NW end of lake Huron» by ty of Monmouth. Sandy Hook (fi> tlie ftrait of Michillimackinac. called from its fliape and foil) is in- MicuiLLiMACKiNAc, a ftrait of cluded in this tov nfljip. * On the N America, which unites the lakes of point of the Hook itands the light- Michigan and Huron, and lies in 85° houfe, 106 feet high, built by the W lon. and 46° N lar. city of New York. Middletowa is jii MiDDLXSUKC, a br^c and ftr9ng miles SW of New Yuik. are the county-towns. Middleton, a commercial towa of N America^ in the ftate of Con* nedlicut, feated on the river Connec* ticut, 15 miles S of Hartford. It is MlDDLl Aire, with is featcid on coted for fine fait. ind 167 N MiDHVI with a ma feated on th of Chichef London. MiDLAA of YorkAir day; feated Richmond, don. MiECHA of Poland, . Viftula, 10 MlFFLI] nia, 72 mile 1790, it coi Lewiiburgh Milan, the fame na capital oi Lpi city in Ital; feated betwe is 10 miles called, by t Great. It cc with church and fchools. St. Peter's at itderable in I of fulid whit< belonging to in Italy, next Ian has manu vet ftufia, (] ribands, gold deries, &c. taken and t Italy. It is I and is 3 5 mi! 270 NW of lat. 45 a8 N. Milan, 5 bounded on tl the country c by the republ duchies of f the S by Part Genoa, and ( «nd Montferr r •>*\W.m'«'i»»»\*v''\"i- MIL MIL MiDDtiwiCH, a tovrtpof Che- ftire, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on the Croke, and is chiefly coted for its faic-pits, and making £ne fait. It is 14 miles £ of Chefter^ and 167 NW of Landuii. MiDHURST, s. borough of Sufl«x, with a market on Thursday. It is feated on the Arun, I ' miles N by E of Chlcheftcr, and 50 W by S of London. MiDLAM, » rown in the N riding of Yorkfliire, with a market on Mon- length and 78 in breadth) and >ft^ watered by feveral fine rivers and lakes. This duchy is fobjcft to the houfe of Auftria, and governed by a German, nobleman, reudent at Mibn, under the charaAer of miniftcr fi\>m Vienna^ MiLAZzo, a ftrong fcjport of Si- cily, in the VaUdi -Demona. It it- divided into the upper and lower tuwn^ and is feated on a reck, on a bay ol^ the fame name, ^3 miles W of Mef- fuia. Lon. 15 34 E, lat. 38 iz N. MitBORN Post, a tiorough o£ day ; feated on the Vre, 10 miles S of SomerfetAire, which haft no market. Richmond, and Z55 NNW of Lon- It is feated on a branch of the Parret, don. MiECHAU, or MixaAVA, a town of Poland, in Cujavia, feated on the Viftula, 10 miles from Thorn. Mifflin,, a county of Pennfylva- nia, -jz miles long and ay broad. In 1790, it contained ,7,56a mhabitants. Lewilburgh h the capital. 38 miles W by S of Salisbury, and 115 of London « MiLOKNHALt,, a to>ynin Suffolk^ with a market on Friday. It is feated on a branch of the Oufe, 15 miles N by £ of Newmarket, and 69 NNE of I^ndon. Mil z TO, an ancient town of Na> Milan, the capital of a duchy of pies, in Calabria Ulteriore, with a the fame name. It was the ancient capital of Lpmbardy, and i& the largeft city in Italy, except Rome. It is feated between the Adda and Tefm, is 10 miles in circumference, and is called, by the Italians, Milan the bifliop's fee, five miles from Nicotera* MiLFOkD, a.townof.N Americ»y in the Hate of Delaware and county of Suflex ; feated at the fource of a fmail river, 1 50 miles S of Philadelphia. MiLFOBD Havin, a deep inlet Great. It contains many fine pakces> of thi; Iriih Sea, on the coaft of Pem- with churched, ^nvents, hofpitals, and fchools. The cathedral, next to St. Peter's at Ronje, is the moft con- iKlerabie in Italy, and is entirely built ef -folid white marble. The treafury belonging to this church is the rtcheft in Italy, next to that of Loretto. Mi • Ian has manufa£lorics of filk and vel- vet fluffs, (lockings, liandkerchi'^fs, ribands, gold and filvt: 'ace, embroi- deries, &c. Milan has been often taken and retaken in the wars of July. It is the fee of an archbifliop, and Is 3 ; miics N by £ of Cafal, and 270 NW of Rome. Lon. 9 »o E, lat. 45 z8 N. « Milan, a fertile duchy of Italy, bounded on the N by Swifferland and the country of the Grifons, on the E by the republic of Venice, and tlv. duchies of Parma and_ Mantua, on the S by Parma and tfie territory of brokefhire. It branches off into fo many creeks, fecured from a'l winds, that it is efteemed the fafeft and moft capacious harbour in Great Britain. Here the earl of Richmond, afterward Henry VII, landed, on his enterprife aga'nft Richard III. MiLUAuo, a town of France, in the department of Aveiron, feated on tiic Tarn, 50 miles NW of Montpel- Uer, and 141 S of Paris. MiLO, an iflandof the Archipelago, 50 miles in circumference, with one of the bed: harbours in the Meditemi« nean. It produces excellent fruits and wine ; and has mines of iron and ful" phur. In the fpring, tiie fields are enamelled with anemonies of ali forts. In this ifland ai-e curious fubterranean galleries, formed cf ancient ftone quarries. The walls on each fide, which are fix feet high, arc covered Genoa, and on the W by Piedmont with alum^ formed by the fpon«ineou8 and Montferratt It is 150 miles in operations of nature* It is the fine MIl^ MIN Lon. 125 o 1, Ut.'j MiNDitHKiM, a town of Suabia, with a caftle. Ic is tkc capital of a fmatl territory, fubjefl to the houl'e of Di- varia. It was taken by the inrtperialifts and g#hume capillary or plume a'um, of the ifiand. Th's beautiful lubftanct, which is here o N. founvlin a ftate of ciyftallizatlon, rifes jn threads or fibres like thofe of a fea- ther, wiience it derives its name. Heie are two bi{hop&; one of the Greek, and the other of the Latin after the battle of tlenheim, who church. On the E fide of the ifland erefted it into a principality in favour is a town of the fame name, which of the duke of M.'vJtJorough ; but it contains 50CO. inhabitants. N It is 60 returned to Bavaria, by the treaty of ir.i'cs N of Cauda. Lon. 25 o E, Raitadt. It is 30 miles SE of Llai, Jot. 36 41 -N. Lon. 104a E, lat. 4S 3 N. MiLTKNBERC-^ a town of Ger- Minden, a town of V/eftphafla many, in the electorate cf Mti'tz, capital of a territory of the fame nam«. fsated on the Maine, 20 miles SE of Near this town prince Fer.Jinand of Afthc-kftenburg. _ - . . Brurifwick defeated the French in 1759. Ic is fubjeft to the king of Prufria, and is 27 miles E by S of Of. nabur^:. MiNDORA, one of the Philippine /truftcd by a cataraft near its mouth, Iflands, 50 miles in circumference, ^^ilthorp is the only port in the coun- feparated f,om LuconJa by a narrow MiLTHORP, a village of Weftmor- liini, fejt«d on a river, near the mouih of the Ken, five miles S of Ktndai. A3 the navigation of the Ken is ob- ty. channel, and tributary to the Spaniards. K'rNKHEAD, a borough of Somer- fetfhire^ with a market on "Wednef.. vlay, ad a good harbour on the Briftol Channel. It, trades to Ireland, and is MiLTO'Nj a town in K«nt, with k market on Saturday. It is fcated on the E branch of the. Medway, and is rnt(.d f)r excellent orders. It is 14 miks NE of Maid (tone, »nd 4a E of 31 m^les N of Exetef, and i6i \V by London. Loi». o 52 E, lat. 51 zz N. S of London. Lou. 3 34 W, lat. a Mir. TON, a town in Kent, one 12 N. mile E of Gravefend, inccrpcrated IWikcrexi/k, a province of Afia, , WTKh it, by queen ' Eiifabeth, by the which makes part of Georgia ; bound- name of the portreeve, jurats, and in- ed on the W by the Bbck Sra, on the habit ints of >the towns of Gravefcnd E by Imcr.tia, on the 8 by Georgia, and Milton. Henry ■ VIII -raifed a and on the N -by Circalfja. Its fove. bloekhoufe here, for the defence of reign is tributary to I merit! a. Gravfferd. Mi.vho,, a river of Sijain, which Mii.TON Abbey, a town in Dor- rifcs in Galicia, divid- s that province fetliiiie, with a market on Tu-rfday, from Portugal,, and falls iiilo the At. . I< is famous for a ruinous abbey, built lantic. by king Athelftan, and for » magoi- Miniato,, St. .an epifcopal towit' ficent Gothic cJiurch. It is 14 miJes of Tufcany, festedon the Arno, lo-. NE of Dorcheftcr, and 112 W by S miles SW of FIrtrence. cf London. Mthorbino, a town of Naptfs, MiKCH, a great found, or channel, in Terra dr Bari, with a bifljop's fee, , on the W coaft-- of Scotland, having 26 miles N' of Circnza. the iflands of Lewis and Harris, ^ and Minorca, an ifland of the Medl- S Uift, and Bara, on the W, and the torrancan, 5omilesNEofMajorca. Iti jfle of Skye on the E. is 30 miJcs in length, and 12; in , Mindanoa, the largeft of the breadth. CittadeJta is the capital; Philippine Iflmds, next to Luconia. hut the towii of Mahon claims greater It is 180 miles long and 120 broad, and. confcquence, on account of its excel- is governed by a fultan, who is abfo- lent harbour, called Port Mahon, lute. The capital is a large city, of v^4^^ch is defended by Fort St. Philip,,, tlic f«me itftQie), f««ted vn tbcv £ fide one of the ftrongeft forttefib in £oiDpC). E, lat. 6 f Suabla, of a fmall e of Di- hperia'iifts m, who in favour li } but it trsaty of of Ulau '^eftphaRa, me nam«. -.iiiiand of French in E king of y S of Of. Philippine imfcrencf, a narrow Spaniards, of Somer- I "Wednef.. the Briftoi ind, and is l6i Why W, lat. 51 . :e of Ah, . ; bound- ira, on the • ^y tjcorgia, . Its fove* ain, whicl) province Lio the At- ■ icopM town> Arno, iO'- Df Napln, ■. ^ftiop'sfee, „ the Medl- [ajorca. It i jnd 12 in le capital; |inn8 greater its excel- Mahon, ISt. Philip,,, MIR jnJ on the fate of which the whole iflard depends. Minorca was taken bv the EngltlTi in 1708, and confirm- ed to them by. the treaty of Utrecht^ The French took it in 1756; but it was reftorcd in 1763. It was retaken bythe Spaniards in 1781, and confi.-vn- ed to them by the peace of 17^3. Port Mahon lies ia Ion. 3 4S E, lat. 39.50 N. MiN0Rl» a. town of Naples, in Principato Citeriore, with a b';lhop's 'fee, featedon the gulf of Saler. o, be- tween the town of that name and Amalfj. MiNsiNGEW, a town of Germany, in the d chy of Wirtembucg, with a cnftle. Lo8 32 N. MiNSici> a cow'tt of L .uania, ca- pital of a palatinate of the fame name, with two citadels, 55 miles SEof Wilna. Lon. iS'^Z E, Ikt. 54 j 1 N. MiNSKiv a palatinate of Lithuania, his very fertile, and has fore It?, contain- ing vaft numbers of bees, whofe honey., makes iiart of the riches of the coun- try. There are ma-iy Jpws, . who have the fame righto as the native»,.and are empbyed in trade, and-lhepradice of phyfic. MioLANS, a fortrefs of France, In- the department of the Lrwer Alps, frated on a craggy rock, in the valley of Barcelonetta, fix miles NE.ofMont- iQftian. Mioss, a lake of Norway, in the province of Hedemarke, So miles in circumference. It.is divided byalarge peninfuia,. and contains a fertile if^aiidj 10 miles in circumference. Mi<^uELET5, a name given to the Spaniards, who inhabit the Pyrenean mountains, on the frontiers of Catalo- nia and Arragon, and livs by robbing. Miq.uEL0N« a fmall dcfert ifland, SW of Cape May in Newfoundland; ceded to the French by the. peace cf 1763, for drying and curing their fiih. They were difpoflefl^d of it by theEnglifliin 1793.; Lon. 56 10 Wj lat. 46 41 N. ^ Mirand.\.de»Doukro, a ftrong town of Portugal, capital of the pro- vince of Tralos-Montes, with a bi- Aop*3 fee. If is fcitted' on a lock) near theconfluence of the DcMero and Frefiia, 37 miles NW of Sa'amanca, and 2-8 X by E ot Liibon. Lou. 60 i W, Lt. 41 40 N. MiKANDA dktEbho, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, with a ftrong caftic; f?atcd on the Ebro, over which is a handiome bridge. . It. is 34 miks . SofBi:boa, and. 1 60 N of Madrid. MiraNDT'^ a town of France, in the department of Gc s, featcd an aa : eminence, , near the Baife. Wool, , dowfl, and the fjathers rf geeft, are it* principal articles of commerce. It • is I5.rmiles ,SW-of Auch, and 340 SW. of Paris. MiRANDtjLA, a town of It jly., ca- pital 0/ a duchy of the fame namr. . If. has a citadel and fort, is fubjeft to the houfc of Auitria, and is 20 miles N;E of Modena. Lon. 1 1 rg E, lat. 4452N. MiK«BKAU« a tpwn of r ranee, in- the department of Vienne, famous for the beauty and ftrenglh of the afTes - which its environs produce. It.is 16 miles N'of Poitiers, and 175 SW.of" Patis. MiaetouRTi a town of Frxnce, in the departmcp.t. of the Vufttts, fa- mous for its violins and. fine laces. It. .is feated on the Modon, i/ miles S of Nanci, and 2>o SE of Paiij. Mi'viMONT,- a t'Wn of ■ France, >" in the department of Efcrdngrre, near the river Vizere^ 15 roijes E.of Ber- gCTAc. Nfear it, is a rema.kable ca- vern, called Ciufeau. MimvojXy a town of FrSiKe, in- the department of the ITj^pcr Pyrenees. It was lately an cpifcopal town, and is ' feated on the CX-is, 13 milts N of .FCMX. Mise:*©, a cape of Italy, W of the bay .of Naples, betwen Fuzzoli and Cuma. On it are the ruins of the an- cient Mifenum. MiSERDCNt a village in Glbucef- - teifhire, nine miles NW. of Cirencef- ter... Here is a park, in a valley of . which is a mount, of a circular form, overgrown with trees. This was the lite of an ancient caftle,. huiit in the reign of king John. MisiTRAi.the capital of the Mo- i><«»''.rt<\*^.«V'v'«" MOE> MOG rra, with a Creek archbifhop^s fee^ au.i a cadle. It is divided into four paits, the caftlei the town, and two large fuburbs.. It was taken by the Veiietians in 16S7 ; but the Turks retook it. It '« ticular princes, independent of each other} but all fubje£l to the emperor of China, whom they confider as the grand kan of the Tartars. Whea the Mantchews fubdued China, they con- ferred on the moft powerful of the Mogul princes the- titles of vang, peiie, peize and cong, which anfwcf to our titles of king, duke,' count, and marquis ; each of them had a re- venue afllgned him, but far inferior to- the appointments of the Mantchew lords at Peking : the emperor fettled the limits of their refpedive territories^ and appointed them laws, according to which they are at prefent governed* All the Mogul nations under the Chi- nefe government; may be divided into* four principal tribes, which are the Moguisy pioperfy fa ci^di^ the Kalkas^ tJie Orlous, and the Taitats of Ko« konor. MoNATz, a town of Lower Hun* gary, in the county of Baraniwar» feated at the confluence of the Danube and Corafle, 17 mik& NW of ElFeck. Mqhawks Rivc*, ariverof M America, which rifes N of Fosft Stan- wlx, in the ftate of New York,, palTei by that fort and Skenedady, and emp^ ties itfelf, by two mouths, into Hod- ton's River, eight'miles above Albany, About two miles above its ' tnOion with that river, it has a catarad^t where the whole ft team, 100 yarda wide, falls perpendicularly 70 feet. Mqhawks, a once powerful tribe of Indians, ir N America, living 011 the Mohawks River. Only one fa- mily of them are left in the ftate of New York, the reft having, in 1776^. emigrated, with fir John Johnfon^ into Canada. T MoHitLA» or MoHitiA) one of the Comoca Klandsj) between the ii ■f.i -i ' l^i-^^t,if*n¥,tyr,v •> MOL tni of Madagafcar and the continent of Afiicj. Lon. 45 o £j lat> }i 55 S. 4VI0HILEF, a governnn.ffnt of the RuHian empire, part of Lithuania, diiir.crr.bered f.om Poland in 1772. MoKiLEF, a popu!<,us comirercial town of Lithuania, in the R ifian go- vernment of the fame name. It is feated on the Dnieper; 35 miles S^ of MoissAC, an ancient commercial t-^wn of francc, in the department of Lrit, feated on the Tarn, near the Gxronne, 13 miles NW of Montauban. MoLAf an ancient town of Naples, in Terra di Bari, feated on the gulf cf Venice, 14 miles E of Bari. Mold, a town of Flint/hire, where the aflices «re held. It is five miles S of Flint. MoLDAViAi I fertile province of . Turkey in Europe ; bounded on the N by Polanil) from which it is alfo divid* ed on the N£ by the Dniefter; on the E by New Ruflia } on the S£ by Bef. iarabia ; on the S by Bulgaria^ from which h is parted by the Danube ; on the SW by Walnchia ; and on the W by Tranfylviiila and Hungary. It is 270 miles in length, and 2 «o in breadd. The inhabitants are of the Greek church, and Jan*y is the principal town. The fovcreign, who is ftyled hofpodar, it tribuniy ti) the grand fcignior. Moi.E, a lofty mountain of $avi>y, •It the fa^t nf which is Bonneville, ^o miles S of Cifneva. M )i. E, a river of Sorry, which runs to Daiking, and pa^og beneath BoX' HUl, is believed to difappe'l^ in its vi- cinity, and to rife again near Leather- head. Hence it is ("tippofcd to derive its name « but the fait is, that a traft of loft ground, two miles in length, called the Swallows, in very, dry fea- fons, abfoibs the waftc water in ca- verns in the fuk'S of the banks 5 but not f) as to prevent a canft-tnt ftrcam ' from flowing in an open chmnel above ground. The M-.^le, protcediog from Lcatherhead to C.)t)I)am, cntem the Thames at E Moulfey. MoLFETTA, a loWn of Naples, in Tcjra jJi Bafij with a». bi'8 lcc» MON feated on the gtilf of Venice, 10 truiii, NW of Ban. Molina, a ftrong town of Spain, in New Caftile, feated on the Gilio, 35 miles SE of Siguenza, and &8 £N£ of Madrid. MoLisE, a territory of Naples, lying between Tc'ra-di-Lavoro, A- hruzzi Citeriore, Cipitanata,- and Principato Ulteriore. It is in the form of a triangle, whofe fides are 39 tniiej long i and is a mountainous country, but fertile in corn, wine, faliron, and- nik. MoLi3E, a town of Naphs, capital of a territory of the fame naine, 50 miles N of Naples. Lon. 14, 43 E^ lat. 41 36 N. MoLSN, a ftrong town of G;rma» ny, in the duchy cf Lawenhurg, i'\t^ jeA to the city of Lubec, and feated on the liver Stekinefsy i£ miles £of ; Lawenburg* j MoLRHEiM) a tc? 10 miles from Stral* burg, end 228 miles £ of Paris. MoLuccASi or S^icE Islands, a cluiter of fmall iflands in the Eadera Ocearii the largeft not more than ]». miles in circumference. The princi. pal arc Ternate, Tydore, Machian^i j Motyr, and Bich anv They lie bc« I tweeo Gilolo to the E, and Colrbrsto I the W. They arc m(»(t remarkaWc I for fpices, efpecially clovfs, and are I all fubjedl to the Da. ah. Lon. fiom I WS to 130 £, lat. from a o N to ! jo. 1 s. I MoLv^^iTz, a fiv/n of Si'efia, in I the |>rovince of C 'otfka, re.narbble- I for a battle gaint.. by the P:ufiijr,J I over the Aoftiiais in 1741. It is 40 I miles S ot-Brefliw. I MoMBAz A, a town of Africa, with | a citadel, feated in an ifland of the fame name, on thecoaftot Zangucbir, 70 miles S of Meilnda, and fubjedl (o Foitug^t. Lon. S5 30 E, i.n. 3 35S. MoNA, an illjnd of Dnminrk, i:i the liiltic, on the SW fide of Zealand. Lon. iz ^o E, lat. 55 20 N. Monaco, a town of Italy, capinl of a territory of the fame nam?, witli a caftlc, a. citadel, iind a good harbour. \),^.iHdii,i%nm. MON : gulf of Venice, lo nuiei li , a ftroi>g town of Spain, tile, feated on the Galio, of Sigiieiiza, and ii £N£ , a territory of Naples, •tn Tcra-di-Lavoro, A- :criore, Cipitanata,- and JIteriore. It is m the form !, whofe fides are 39 milei s a mountainoHS country, n corn, wine, faffron, and- , tr town of Naples, capital try of the f^me naiTie, 50 Naples. Lon. 14,43 E. N. , a ftrang town of G^rmi. duchy cf Lawenhurg, lul>* city of Lubec, and feated rStckinefsy ift miles £ of tiM, a tcr/n of France, llr nent of Lowfer Rhine, feat. irufch» 10 miles from Strait aa8 miles E of Paris. ;CA«i orS*icE Islands, [ fmall iftands in the Merft • largeft not more than jo- rcuniVerence. The princi. ernate, Tydore, Machian, B.ich'an* Thfy lie be to the E, andCclebfSta ley arc rn<^(t remirkaWc efpecially cloves, and are to the Do. eh. Lon. fiom i, lat. from a N to ! 50 Tz, a tr>v/n of Si'efia, in cc of C'otfka, re.iiavhabie- E gaincu by the I^'uflians oft.iais in 174.1. hki^o. Breflnv. zA, a town of Africa, with feated in an ifland of the , on the coaftot Zangufkr, of Meirnda, and fubiedio Lon. i;5 :JO E, Lit. 3 35 S. an ilhnd of Dmmnrk, n on the SW CizoN, a ftrong town ot'S[)ain, in Arragon, feated at tiie confluence of the Sofa and Cinca, llixmiies S of Balbaftro, and 50 N£ I of Sar;)gofl*a. MoNcoNToua, a tx)wn of France, I in the depaitment of Ifle and Vilainc, ; 39 miles SW of St. Malo. Monde GO, a river of Portugal, "vhi.hcr. fling Btira, pafles by Coim- bia, and falls into the Atlantic, near I a uipe cf the fanit name. Mo^oiii.'KR, i town of Frnnce, in |t!ie department of Somnic, where the kings of France formerly had a pahce. Iti) feated on a m'^untain, 24 miies Sli of Amiens, ar.d 57 N"f Pafis.^ MON MoKBoNKiDO, a town of Spain, in Galicin, with a bifliop's fee, 6cJ miles NE of Compoftella. Mc7NDouBtEAu,atownof France, in the department cf Loir and Cher, with a caiHe, 1 3 miles N cf Vcndome. MoNi) )Vi, thf largcft and moft po- pulous town of Piedmont, with ii ci- tadel, a univerfiry, and a bifhop's fee. It is feated on a mountain, near the Elero, eiglit miles NW cf Ceva, and 35 SE of Turin. MuNFORTE, a town of Portiigaf, in BcJra, 30 miles N by E of Porta- legra. MoNKoRTE, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, »o miles S of Portnlegra. MoNGHiR, a town of Hindooftaii Proper, with a fort, feated on the Ganges, no miles £ by S of Patna, and 275 NW of Calcutta. Lon. 83 30 £, iat. 25 15 N. MoNotJLS. See Moguls. MoMHEiM, a town of Gerroanyy in Bavaria, eight miles N of Donawert* MoNiCKXDAM, a fejport of ths United Provinces, in N Holland. In 151 5, the whole town (the church of St. Nicholas excepted) was deftroyed by fire. It is feated at the entrance oftheMonick into the Zuidcr-ZeCy tight miles N£ of Amfteidam. Lon. 4 56 £, lat. 52 29 N. MoK*fouTH, the county-town of Monmouthlhire, with a market on Saturday. In this town, which waa the birthplace of Henry V, is a caftle in" ruins; and it was formerly furround- ed by a wall and ditch. It is a hand- fome town, has two pari/h- churches, and i« feated at the confluence of the Wye and the Mynnow, by the former of which it ca rise on a .•:;ood trade with Brirtol. It fends one meri^ber to parliament, and is 21 milos W o^ Giouceftcr, and laS W by N 0'/ Lon- don L>n, 2 46 W, lat. 51 49 N., MoNM ^JTHEHiRic, a coujity of Etij^litiid, b)uiiHed on tiie Nby Here- foidfhirc, on th.'4 » by Gloiiceftcrlhire, on the SE by the month of the Severn, and ofi the VV and SW by the conn- ties of Brecknock and Glamorgan, Its extent; from N to S is 24 miles,, 9iid iVotQ E to W io. It lies in Uiq \! Morr dWfe of LandafF; is divided into (ix hundreds ; contains feven market- towns, and 127 parijiiesj and fends three members to parKument. The air is temperate and heaitny, and the Coil fruitful, though mountainous and woody. It was forincrly reckoned one of the counties of Wales} and, from the names of its towns and villages| its mountainous rugged furface, and its. Htuation beyond the Wye, which feems to form a natural boundary be- tween England and Wales in this part, it .ertainiy partakes moftly of the cha- ratler of the latter country, though a>mprehended in the former. The gentlemen here generally fpeak Engliflb, though the common people ufe the Welih language. The rtianufa^ure of ihis county is flannels. MoNOMOTAPA, a kingdom of- Africa, bouftdcd on the W by Mono- inugi, on the £ by Sofala, on the- S by Caffraria, and on the W by un- known region^. The air is temperate, and the foil fertile in rice and fugar- canes, which h& grow without culti- vation. There are a great many oftrichei and elephants, with feveral nineat^ goM and filver. It lies on the E coaft of Africa, between 14 ajid %$° S lat. lu capital hofthe/ame Rame* MoNOMUGi, a- kingdom of Africa, lying near the equator, between Abyf- ftnia on the f'' Zangueb^r on the £, Monomotapa on the S, and Congo on theW. MoNoroLi, an epifcopal tojvn of Naples, in Terra di Bari, feated on the gulf of Venice, a£ miles SB of Bari. ' MoNS, a large and firong city of Auftrian Hainault. It has been feveral times taken and retaken in the i6th, 17th, and prefent centuries} the iaft time by the French in 1794. It has confiderable manufadories kk woollen x^uffs, and is feated partly on a hill, an^ partly on a plain, at the confluence oftheHaifne and Trouille, 17 miles N£ of Tournay, and 143 N of Paris. Lon. 4 3 £, lat. 50 »7 N. Mw»AttrOf a (irong. frontier town of Spahi, in Eftramadura. Lon. ^jt W, lat, 39 40 N. MoNSARAZj a town of Portogaly in Alentejo, 25 miles SWni Eivas, MoNS'T£KBERG, Or MuNSTERl. BERG, a town of SileHa, in ?. prr,. vince of the fame name, 20 miles NE ofGbtz, and 27 S of Breflaw. IVloNSTiER. See MoUTItR. M(>rTABOtJR, a fortified town in the eleftorate of Treves, between Cob. lentz and Limbivrg. Lon. 7 50 E,. lat. 50 30 N. MoNTAGNE, acaftleof Francf,iu. the department of Dordogne, faraouj- for being the birthp'ice of the celebra- ted Montagne. It is 25 mika from' Perigueux. M o N-T A c N 1 A c , a con TkI erable town of Natoliaj on the ica of Masmora. It canies on a preat trade, and is feacei on a bay of the fame name, 60 roilei S£ of Conftanttnople* Lor>. 29 40* E, )«t. 40 20 N. Montague Island, ontofthe New HebriJes, in the Pacific Oceaoi Lon. 1 58 31 £, lat. 17 26 S. MoNTAiau, a town of Ffjncci in the department of Vei.uee, 24 milet' W of Maolfion. Mont-Albak, a town of Spain,. in Arragon, with a ftrong ci'.aiet, fnt- ed on the Rio-Maid", 44 miles S o£ SaragofFa. MoNTAtciN", ? pjpu'ous town of Tufcany, in th* Sitnneh , with s bifh-)p^8 fee } feated on a mon itain,, 17 miles SE of SiTir.i, and 44 of) Florence. MoN tALTOj an epil :opal tow., uf Italy, in th>. mare^ifat: of Anconi). feated on the Monacio, 45 miles S of. Ancona. M0NTARGI8, a confiderable town< of France, in the department of Loi« ret. l\.i muftard and cutlery are e«. cellent ; and from the river Liing it a^ navigable canal to the Seihe. It it. feated near a fine foreft, 15 miles Sof Nemours, and 62 of Paris, MoNTAUjiAj*, a town of Fnnce,. in the department of Lot, lately an epifcopal fee. The inhabitants amount to 4c,goo j and have maoufit^ies ot «^^t.t>>44''iMAr« Lon. f jc )f Portugaf,. ol Elvas. VIUNSTERi. k, in ?. prr,. to miles NE >UTI1R. fied town in etween Cob. n. 7 50 E,. of France, in I igne, famouj- t' the celebw- ; mikt from' fderaWetown Marmora. If and it feated- Tie, 60 roilei hOti, 29 40< D, nn: of the 'acitic Oceaoi- 7 26 S. of Ffince, in e«| Sf milet' ywn of Spain,- ci'.adel, fcst» 44 miles S of. ipu'ous town }niU, 'vith a. a rnc' itain,. |i, and 44 o/> ;opal tow.i «f of Anconi|. 1,5 miles S of' pderahie town< ncnt of Loi» Itlery are e^ VerLoingisi £eiAe. It 1«- li'5 miles S of lis. In of Frince>. ot, lately. an |tants amount aufii^iesot MON Sllc Hackings and ftufts, ferges, (hal- ]oons, Sec. This town was taken from the Huguenots in 1629, and'the fotificitions were dcmoiiihed. it is featcd oil an cnr.inence, on the Tarn, AO miles N of Touloufe, and 350 S of Paris. MoNTBAZON, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, feated at the foot of a hill, f>n which is an ancient caille, 135 miles SW of Paris. MoNTBELtiA«D, a ftrong town of France, capital of a principality of the German empire, of the fame name, between the departiT)ent of.Dc>4ib6 and that .)f Upper Rhine. It is feated at thefiotof a rock, on which, is a ci- tadel. Jt was taken in 1674 by the Fr'-nch, who dcmoliflied the fortifica^ tio>s, but it was reftored to the prince. Jtif fealed near the Alaineand Doubs, 45 mUes NE of Befatijon* Lon. 6 50 E, lat. 47 31 ^T. Mont Blanc, one of thehigheft mountains of the Alps, in Savoy, fo called from its uncommonly •white ap- pearance. Jt is 15,662 feet above the level of the fea, wii ch is 414 .feet iiigher than the .peak of Teneritt". Thefummit was deemed inaccefllble till I78'6, when Dr. Paccard afcended it. The French have given the name I Dt'this mountain to tlie conquered duchy of Savoy, as an eighty-fourth depart- Bent of Fiance. Montblanc, a town of Spain) in Catalonia, 15 miles N" of Tarra- gona. ivIoNTBRi60N,atownofFrance,in the department of Rhone and Loire, feated on the Vezize, 40 miles W of [Vienne, and 250 S by E of Paris. Mont-Dauphin, a town of France, in the department ot" ihe Upper Alps, on a crdgp^y mountain, aJ.nioft: fur- fmnded by the Duraxc^} eight miles iNEof Embrun. ivlo::T "w.-Marsatj, a town of France, in the departtnent of Landes, fmed on the Midoufe, 30 miles N£ lofDax. Monte-CassinO} a mountain of I Naples, 00 the top of which is a Bi- MON nediAme abbey. Lon. 1 3 44 E, ht» 41 39 N. MoNTJccHio, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Reggio, eight miles NW of Reggio. Monti-Falco, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spalatto, feated on a mountain, near the river Clitunno, iz miles W of Spalatto. MoNTt -Falcoke, a town of Italy, in Venetian Friuli, with a caftle, near the river Ponzano, 12 miles NW of Trieft. Monte -Fiascone, a populous town of Italy, in the territory of the church, with a bilhop'i fee. It ia feated on a mountain, near lake Bol- fena, la miles SW of Orvietto, and 45 NW of Rome. MoNT*LiMA'Si,acommerciaItowa of J'rance, in the department of Drome, with an ancient citadel, 2^ miles 2 of Valence, and 325 S by E of Paris. Monte- Marano, a populous town of Naples, in Principato Ulteriore, feated on the Calore, 18 miles S of Uenevcnto. MoNTE-MoR-o-Ncvo, atownof ''urtugal, in 1^'lramadura, 50 miles E by S of L ibon. A'foNTE-MoR o-Velho, a town of Portugal, in Bcira, with a caftle, 10 miles SW of Coimbra, a.id 83 N of Lilbon. MoNTEPELoso,anepifcopaltowa of Naples, in Baiilicjta, feated on a mountain, near the river Laliento, 14 miles E of Crenza. MoNTE-Put.cf Montgomery *hiie, with a market on Tuelday. It fends one member to parliament, and is 26 miles SW of Hereford, and i6l NW of London. Lon. 3 5 W, lat. 52 16 N. MoNTGOMERVSHiHE, a county of N Wales, bounded on the N by JMerionethfhire and Denbighfhire, on the NE and E by Shropfhire, on the S by Radnorfliire, on the SW by Cardiganlhire, and on the W by Me- rionethftiire. It extends 36 miles from N to S, and nearly the fame from E to W ; containing five market-towns and 47 parishes, and f.;nding two mem- bers to parliament. Though barren and mountainous in many parts, it has a greater mixture of fertile vale and j)lain, than feverai jof the Welft QOUAtleS. MON MoNTiviLiirii8,atownofFrantf,| in the department of Lower Seine, 91 f miles NW of Paris. MoNt-Louis, a town of Francf,] in the department of the Eaftern Py.l renees, with a fortrefs, on a rotic, at I the fjot of the Pyrenees* It is iheca;' pital of the French part of CerdagniJ and is 430 miles S of Paris. Lon, tl 5 £. lat. 42 30 N. I Mont-Lust, a town of Franccjl in the department of Atri, feated uni the Seraine, 12 miles N)i of Lyonj,( and 205 SE of Paris. ' i MoNT-LuzoNjOrMoNT-LrjoN,! a town of France, in the departtneiKl of Allier, feated on the Cher, 35 nilttl ^ W of Moulins, and 1 50 S of Pans, MoNTMiDi, a ftrong town ofl France, in the department of Mcufe,! feated on the river Chler, which di. V'des it into the upper and lower town.1 It is 27 miles -SW of Luxemburg, and I 170 NE of Paris. MoNTMELiAK, formerly a ftron| I town of Savoy, but, being talceif byl the French, in 1705, they demclifhelj the fortiAcations., It is eight mileil SE of Chamberry. MoNTMORENCJ, a townof Fran«;| remarkable for the tombs ofthtan-f cicnt diikes of Montmorenci, Itisl feated on a hill, 10 miles from Parii,[ MONT-MORILLON, a tOWD ofl France, in the department of Viennc,! feated on the Gartcmpe, 24 miles SKj ofPoiti<;rs. MoN T 1' i*T. T. 1 ER , one of the largtjj and moft beautiful cities of France, ial the dtparrmcnt ofHerault, wtthaci-f tadcl, a tiOiop's fee ; (a univerfity, id which is a celebrated fchool of medicinejl and a late royal botanic garden, ihn firfteftabliJhed in Europe. Thenum.| ber of inhabitants is computed 32, coo. The trade confifts in fiikif blankets, cotton goods, printed calicoesj gauzes, hides, cordials, ^erfuniMf waters, niir- powder, and verdigrifw The air is eftcemcd fo falubrious, m it is the conftant relort of great nutn^ bers of invalids. It is feated on ahillJ five miles from the MeditemineaiiJ near the Lez, a fmall navigable river| and on the rivulet of Mcrdanfon, whitl i.>,jVH* 'tni\ MON J conveyed into different parts of the Lit* by lubteiraneous c»na!s. It is 27 ImilfsSWof Nifnas, and 180 S by jwnf Fjii^> Lon. 3 58 £, lat. 43 Ir ^• MoNTPENSiER, 3 town of Franccj lin the department of Puy de Don^e, titcJ on a hill, 20 mileS Nli of Cier- laont, anil 2IO SE of Paris. Montr EAi, a fertile iCand ofCa- {lada, in the river St. Lawrer.ce, 28 Inib in length, and 10 in breadth. Jit was ("uireridered by the French, to (the Eiigliftl, in 1760. It has a town loftlic fame name, built on the fide of Ithe river, whence there is a gradual jtafy afcejit to the Upprr Town. It hag J/ufftred m.ch by fires fince it has been In the pollcfiion of the Ehglifh. Jt is Ino miles SW of Q^-bec. Lon. 71 Vw, lat 45 55 fi« Mont-Real, a town of Spain, feo Arragon, wich a caftle, fcated on kXibca, 2,5 miles NWof Terruel. Mont-Rbal, a town ofiSicily, in |he valley of Mazara, with an aichbi> Jiop's fee. It is feated on. a rivulet, five miles W of Palermo. MoNT-REAljOrMoNT-RoYAL, ^fnrtrefs of Germany, in the eledlorate ^(Treves, feated on the Mofelle, 42 gsiles NE of Treves. MoNT-REun,, a ftrong town of France, in the dep.utfuent of the ^traits of Cnlaii, feated on a hill, near- |he river Canche, wiih a caftle, 10 riiles NW of Hefdin, and 117 N of ^iris. ^Montreuil-Bellay, a town of frjace, in the department of Maine Inii Loire, feateJ on the Touet, 12 Ues .from Sauniur, and 15-5 from |.triSf i MoNTRiCHAfcD, a town of France, 1 the department of Loir and Cher, lated near the river Cher, with a ca(lle, » miles SE of Amboife, and 1 12 SW i' I'aiis. [Montrose, a borough of Angus- lire, near the eftuary of the South lik, Over this ■ river, a new bridge \ii finilhed in 1 795. At high water : town is almoft furroundcd by the The harbour is « fine femicircu- i bafm, with aAone pier. The moft' S MOR rentarkable buildings are the townhoufe, the. church, and an elegant cpifcopal chapel. Here are confiderable manu- faftories of faildoth, linen, and thread } and the falmon fiflaeries on the N and' S E/k form a valuable branch of com- merce. Montrofc is 48 miles NE of E«Jn burgh. Mont St. MifeHEL, a ftrong town of France, in the department of the Channel, built on a rock in the fea, which is afcendcd at low water. Its late abbey fei ved at once for a caftle and » ftate prK'oa, and was much fre- quented by piiprims. The prior was governor of th* town, and the key* were brought to him every evening^ Til's place gave name to the late mi- litary ordi;r of Sr. M chcl. It is 10 miles SW cf Avnr.chcs, and 180 W- of P.iris. Lon. i 30 W, lit^g 37^f,/ MoNTSAujxoN, a town of Fiance, in the department of Upper Marne^ 15 miles from Langres, and 145 from Paris. MoNT6»RRAT, a high mountain of Spain, in Catalonia, on which is a famou!* monaftery and chapel, dedicated to the Virgin, it is 25 miles NW of Barcelou-i. Mont SIR HAT, one of the Leeward Caribbee i Hands, in the Weft Indies, difcoweredjin I4<)3, by Columbus, and fo named fom its refemblance to the mountain mentioned in the preceding article. Jt is nine mil'-s Tn length and bread, h, b;longs to the Englilh, and is 30 miles SW of Antigua. Lon» 62 34 W, lat. >6 54 N. MuNZA, a town of Italyj in the Milanefc, feated oh the Lambix), eight miles NE of Milan. Moon, Mountains or the, mountains of Africa, extending be- tween AbyiHnia and Monomotapa* They are higher than thofe of Atlas. MoonsHEnABA D, a City of Hin- dooftan Proper, the capital of Bertgal before the eftablifliment of the EngllHi power. It is fcated on the weftern arm of the Ganges, 120 miles N of Calcutta. Lon. 88 28 E, lac. 24 15 N. Mora, a town of Spain, in N«w Caftilc) 18 miles S£ of Toledo* 1/ ^:v^.»J♦■»«*«<»«*v' MOR MoRANT, Point, fhe moft caOcrly promontory of Jamaica. Lon. ,5 56W, lat. 17 $6 N. MoKAT, a commercial town of SwiiTerland, capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, belonging to the can- tons of Bern and Fribuig, with a caftle. It is celebrated for the fiegc it fuftain- ed againft Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, which was followed by the . battle of Morat, in 1476, in which the duke was totally routed , It is 10 miles W of Bern, Lon. 6 53 E, lat. 46 5* N. MoBAT, a lake of Swiflerland, in the bailiwick of the . fame name. It is fix miles long, and two broad, lying parallel with the lake of Neuchatel, into which it empties itfelf by the river Broye. Moravia, a marquifate annexed to Bohemia, by which it is bounded on the W, by that kingdom and Silefia on the N, by Silefia and Hangary on the E, and by Auftria on the W. It is a moui't'ainous country, takes its name from the river Moravia, which runs through it, and is very fertile and populous. Hence the feft cf Chrif- ^tiatis, . called Moravians, take their name, their do£lrincs having been firft taught here. Olmutc was the capital, but now Brinn claims that honour. MoRAVA, or MoBAW, a river, which rifeson the confines of Bohemiar- af whicli is of the fame name. Mo«AMBiQju'E) the capital of an ffland of the fame name, on the £ icoaft of Africa. It is not more than ithree miles in length, and half as much in breadth, and is two miles from the continent. It was felzed by the Por- ^uguefe in 1497. The town is large, .and has a Mirong citadel to defend the harbour. It is the fame to the Portu- guefe as the ,Cipe of Good HQpe is to the D^itch. Their ihips always call here in going to the Eaft Indies ; and ^ihe harbour is fo commodious, that it .can afford fafe anchorage for whole 4eets. Lon. 40 10 £» lat 15^5 S. MosAMBittvE, a ftrait or channel, Jn the Indian Ocean, lying between die £ coaft of Africa and Madagaf- car, and between 11 and 250 S lat. ,14d8Bach, a town of Germany, ,)n the palatinate of the Rhine, with an elegant caftle, feated on the-^N^ck- ar, z6 miles £ of Heidelberg. ]^$x>SBURG, a town of Germany, tin Bavaria, feated at the confluence of tiie Ifer and Ambert, nine miles W 9f JLandfchut. MoscovY. See Russia. Moscow, formerly a duchy, but now one of the 41 governments of JLuffia ) bounded on the N by the go- vernment of Tver, on the E by that Kff Great Yolodimir, on the S by the govermnents of Kalugo and Refan, arid on the W by thofe of Tver and jSmolenlko. MoBcqw, a city of Rudia, capital of the government of Mofcow, and formerly of the whole empire. It m^y be ^confidcred as a town built upon the Afiatic model, but gradually becoming more and more European. It exhi- bits an aftoniibing degree of extent and variety, irregularity, and contrail. The ftreets, in general, are veiy long and broad, SijmQ Qi tl^em uc paved } naos otbers, particularly in the fuburU, are formed with trunks of trees, or are boarded with planks like the floor of a room. Wretched hovelsare blend- ed with large palaces J. cottages of one Aory iland next to the raoft ftatcly man. fions ; many brick ftruCtures are co< vered with wooden roofs : fome of the wooden houfes are painted; othen have Iron doors and roofs, Numeroui churches appear in every quarter, built in a peculiar ftyle of architecture ; foige with domes of copper, others of tia, gilt or painted gr»en ) and many are roofed with wood^ ,Ia a word, foase parts of this vaft city have the appear, ance of a fequeftered defertj oth« quarters, of a populous town ; fonx, of a contemptible village j others of a great capital. Mofcow is the Urgcft city in Europe J its .circumference, within the rampart, that inclofes the fabarbs, being 26 miles ; but it: po- pulation correfponds, in no degree, with its extent. Jt .contains within the ramparts -25o^oco fouls, and is ftill the moft populous city in the em- pirc, notwithftanding the refidence of the court is at Fete(iburgh. The places of divine worHiip in Mofcow, inclu- ding chapels, amount to above 1000: of thef?, 484 are public churches; fome of brick, ftuccoed, or white- wafhed ; others of wood painted rej. Some of their bells are of a ftupendous itze ; and one, in (larticular, weighi 4^, coo pounds, and is the laigeftin the known world. Mgicow U the centre of ihe inland commerce of Ruf- fia, parcicularly connecting the trade between Europe and ,S;beria. The navigation to this ci^y is formed foielj by the M jkva, which failing info the Occa, near Colomna, communicate?, by that river, with the Voiga. But as the Mofkva is navigable in the fpring only, upon the melting of the fnows, the principal merchanvlife is conveyed upon fledges in winter. This city is 555 miles SE of Peterf. burgh, ard 1200 N by E of Conftan- tinople. Lon. 37 31 E, Ut. 5545^- MosBLLE, a department of France, including p^rt of the late province of JLonain, It takes its name ftm » w^.xit^^* ^ rt'»\*V*\«v MOS trrsr, wli'ich f'fe» '" ** Volges, waters Epinal, receives the Meurthe below Nanci, and pafling by Metr, Thionvilic, and Treves, falls into the ^ine at Coblentz. Metz is the capital. MoiKoe. See Maei.87 ROOM. Mosq^o'iTo Smorc, a couirtry of New Spain, in North America, ly- ing on the Atlantic Ocean, extending leaftward frem Point Caftile, the b«un- •dary dividing it from the bay of JHon- ^uras, to Cape Graeois-a-I^os, 87 leagues J and foathward, from Cape ■Gracios-a-Dios, to St; John's River, 94 leagues. The interior part of the country is bounded J>y lake Nicaragua, and fenced by moontains ftretching to, the W. In magnitude it enreeds Por- » tugal. The foil is fuperior to that of ail our Weft India iflands : the air and climate are more falubrious ; and the dsftruAive ravages of hurricanes and earthquakes have never been known tere. They are fo lituate betwreen iDorafTes and inaccefllble mountains, tind a coaft full of rocks and ffaoa's, that no attempts againft them by the Spaniards, whom they mortally hate, could ever Aicceed. 'Neverthelcfs, they are a mild and inoffenfive peopSe, of great probity, and will never truft a man who has once deceived them. They had fo great a veneration for the Ingliih, that they fpontaneouHy put themfelves under the proteftion of the crown of Great Britain. This was firft done, when the duke of Albe- marle was governor of Jamaica ; and the king of the Mofquitos received a tommilTion from his grace, under the I ieal of that ifland ; fince which time, they were not only fteady in their alli- Mice with the Engliih, bat warm in their affeftion, and very ufeful to them on many occafions. When the king died, the male heir went to Ja- maica, to certify that he was next in blnjd, and received a commi/fion in j form from the governor of Jamaica, j to be king of the Mufquitos j till which, he could not be acknowledged as Cuch by his countrymen. So fond were they of every thing Englifli, that the common people were proud of every MOU Chriftian or fumame git«n tliem-bf ou^ feamen, who conferred on their •!-hief men the titles of fome of ouf nobility. But the connexion betweei% the Englifh and the Mofquitos no long* er fublifts. By a convention with Spain, in 1786, the E.iglifli, in con- fideration of certain ceffi.^ns on the p*s fee> ao miks NE of Narenta. MoTALA* a town ef Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, with a biihop's fee, 15 miles NWof Taanto. MoTYR, oneof the Mduccalllandfti Lon. 12S 20 £, lar. o 10 S. MoTRiL, a feaport of Spain, in Granada, feated on the Mediterranean, 37 miles SE of Granada. Lon. 3 zS W, lat. 36 32 N. MouAB, a town of Arabia Felix, capital of Yemen. Lon. 46 35 E, lat. 15 2o N. MovooN, an ancient town of Swi(reHand, capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, in the Pays de Vaud, and formerly of all that part of the country which belonged to the duke of Savoy. It is 12 miles N by E of Laufanne. Lon. 6 5^ £, lat. 46 41 N. MouG-DKN, or Chen-yam, Uie capital of the country of the Mant- chew Tartars, in E Chineft Tartary. It is 440 miles NE of Pekin. Lon. i:b£45E', lat. 41 55 N. MouLiNfi, an epifcopal town of France, in the department of Allier, feated on the Allier, over which is a m.'idern bridge of 13 arches; it takes its name -from the great number cf mills (moulins) formerly in its neigh- bourhood, and contains above i6>oco inhabitants. The cutlery of Mauiina is more efteemed than that of ChatcU leraat. This town is 30 miles S of Nevcrs, and 55 N of Clermont. Moulins '£ngilb£kt, a tow« R» MOU MOZ by £ of Calhna. Loa. 15 5 £, |jt. Z7 ao N. M0U6UL, a I'.rgc, commercial, ani fortified town of Turkey in Afia, in DIarbeck, feated on the Tigris. «f France, in the departme"t rtf Nie- fand that fiirm the dwellings of itiif,,^. «re, r;:ated at the toot of the inoun- fcnt Arab inhabitiiiics, is finguUiiv r forrel- coloured ftone^ extremely Paris. [ hard. It has a market on Monday, Mowee, one of the Sandw'ci and is feated on the Staur, »o miles Iflands, i6x miles in circumfereMCfi SSE of DcrJ)y, and J05 NNW of The inhabitants are computed ill London. 65,000. Lon. 175 56 W, Iat. s«j Moura, a town of Portugal, in 53 N. Alentejo, with an old caftle, at the Moyentic, a town of France, ijj confluenceof the ArditaandGuadiana* the department of Meurthe, thtctl 87 miles SE of Lifbon. xuiles from Vic. It is remarkable fiir| MovRceoK, the capita] of Fezzan, its fait- pit$. in Africa, fituate on a fmall river. Mozcislaw, a ftrong town tfl The medley it prefents to the eye, of Lithuania, capital cf a palatinate oil *die vaft ruins of ancient buildings, the fame name. It was almoft ryiMtJ >nd the humble cottages of earth and by the RuITians, in 1660, bucii»| .■,i',*;t:*i\t\»\ MUL MtJM v. lit. It is feated on the So/r, aa only in alliance with the Helvetic CDir> in:lf! S of Smolenflco. federacy, but is entitled to ill its pri>- MvciPAN, a town of France, in vifeges. The whole territory is con* the departnieni of Dordognc, featrd on fined within a prccindt cF eight mile*. the river IflC) i8 miles SW of Peri- The town contains 6oco inhabitants, , jeux. who are prottlbnts j and there are MuEi!R> a confiderable town of 2coo fubjc£l»in its adjacent villages. Cermanv, in the duchy cf Stiria; on h owes its prefent fluuri/hing ftatc to- the river MUehr, 15 miks NW of its manufaAures, which are chiefly of Cm. piiotcd linen\and cottons. The go- MuzHR» a river of Germany, vcrnment is arifto democratical. Mul- which tilce in the archbilhupiic of haufen is t$ miles NW of Bafil*'' Sal'.zburg, crofTcs Stirii, and fal;s into ton. 7 24 E, lat 47 48 N, MuLHiKM, a town of Germ3"y^ in the e!r£lorate of Cologne, feated near ti.u Rhine, thretf miles from Co- k).;ine. Here the few proteftants ir» Cologne a-,e obliged to go to perforn* divine fer^ice. tAtTLhtitASy a town of Germany, the Drave, n?ar Ka Jfca. Mvr.ciA, orMuCLfA, a town of laly, in Venetian Wri»r with a caftie, i-'itci on a gulf cf the fame name, five m l?s SE of Trieft. Lan. 14 2 E, l^.t. 45 52 N. Muipf.iRK, a town of Ayr/hrn*, feafd on the river Ayr, mi noted for I confiderable iron-work. MvLL, one of the weftern iflands efSrotlandy 25 miles in length, and, in fume |>laces, of equal breadth. TfterC is only one village, called To. {"n the middle marche of Brandenburg^ feuted on a canal cut between the Spree and Oder, 40 mites SE of Berlin. Mu riiNeAK, the coanty-townr of Weft Meath, in Irebnd, It hold» kermorey. The mountains are cover- a great wool marr, h a place of gooi ed with cattle, which, with the fi(hery, trade, and- fends two members to par- md a conliderahle quantity of kelp, liament* k h feated on the Foyle^ ire the on'y articles of commerce. 38 miles W of Dublin* Lon. 7 59 The ruins of feveral ancient caftlej are W, lat. 53 30 N. fern en this i fend* Mulvia, a large river of Africa^ MvLLorCANTYBZ. See Can- which has its fouice in Mount Atlas, TYK r. and dividing the empire of Morocco Mull op GALtowAT* a rocky frpm the kingdom of Algiers, fall* promoi.tory, the moft foutherly point into the Mediterranean, of Scotland, in Wigtonfliire. Mvnoa, an ancient town of Spainy MuLD'AW, a river of Bohemia, in Granada, 28 miles from Malaga, which rifes on the confines of Mora- Munpzrkikgzn, atown of Sua«:" via, and running by Rudweis and bi.i, feated on the Danube, 25 milev Prague, falls into the Elbe at MeU SW of Ulm. nick. MuNSu, a city of Hlndooftan MvLDORK, a town of Germany, Proper, in the province of Malwa, of inthe archbifliopric of Saltzburg, feat- which it was anciently the capital. It was then defcribed as a prodigious city, 22 miles in circuit, and containing many monuments of ancient magnifi- cence y but when it was vifited by fir ringia, under the proteftion of the Thomas Roe, in 1615, it was fallen tltftor of Saxony J feated on the Lin- much to decay. It occupied the top ftruthr, 15 miles NE of Eifenach, of a large and lofty mountain, 46 m\le» »«(! 45 E by S of Caffel. S of Ougein, and 454 NE of Bort- MvLHAUSEN. a town of Alface, bay. Lon. 75 47 E, lat. 22 50 N. which, though entirely inclofed with- Mungats, or Munkats, a IB the dunanions of France, is not townof Upper Hungary, with a b.ilKi(*iB fd on the Inn, 37 miles NW of Sillz- burg, and 40 E of Munich. Mulhausen, an imperial and hanfeatic town of Germany, in Thu- MUN Mir It htf and an tmpregmble caftle^ frated r'lnces of Ireland} bouiuied on the N «n a high rock, 50 miles NS of by Connaught» on the £ by Leinfter Tockay. and on the S and W by the Athmic! MuNiAf or MxNiVy an ancient It Is >'35. mile* in length, and 120 U town of Egypt, featcd on the Nile, 140 breadth } and containt the count ei cf nilea S of Cairo. Clare, Tippenry, Waterford, Cork Munich, one of the moftpopulotu Limerick, and Kerry ; one arcbbiflnp. cities in Germany, capital of the duchy ric, five bilhoprics, and 740 pari/beii •f Bavaria. The houfrt are high """ . - - are and the ftreets fpacious, with can.ik in many of tliem* The palace of the «lcdh>r palatine, as duke of Bavaria, is a ftu^endoas ftrufture, and has ^ cabinet of curiofities, which, with the fibrary and the gardens, merit attea> tion. Tlie market-place is very beau- tiful J and here ace manufa^orics sf £lk, velvet, woollen cloths, and ta The principal town is Cork. MuNaTiRBURC. See Mox. S-TERBERG. MuNsTRR MxiNriLD, atowncf Germany, in the eledorate of TreTjj,, 12 miles SW of Coblents. MuRANO, an ifland and town of Italy, a mile from Venice } formerly a very flourilhing place, which ha* ft,K fome paljces that bear the marki of peltry. This place has often been taken former magnificence^ though now i ma ftate of decay. It contains ao,ooo in- habitants. The great manufaAoria of looking-glafs are the only Induce- naents whkh ftranger* have tovifitthij place, which formerly feived cl] Europ* with looking.glaflcs. Loa. 1% cE. lat. 45 26 N. ^ MvRcjA, a province, formerly a and retaken; the laft time by the Auilrians, in 1742. It is feated on the licr, 15 miles SE of Augiburg, I and (1 S of Ratiibon. Lon> >> 36 £, lat. 48 10 N. . Mt>iMT>Ry a fovcrcign biAoprio cf Germany, in the circle of Weft. phi^ky 120 mites in kn^ch, and 80 ^ . in breadth. The Embs . in acrof* it, kingdom of Spajji ^ bounded on tin from E to W> It is bounded on the N by New Caftile j on the £ by V». N by Bendieina and Scenfort } on the lencia } on the W by AndaluAa vi £ by Ofnaburg and Fadsrborn } oa Granada } and en (he S by the Mcds, muU phalia, 'capital of the Vtifltopric of the bfrties, rice, pulfe, fvgar, and fik. iame name, and ofallWeftphalia. it Murcia, apopwiouscity o> Spain, was free and imperial till 1661^ but capital of a province of the fame nan;, to keep the inhalMiants in awe, a cica- with- a biihop's fee. It is feated oa del was built. In 1533, a tailor, cal led John of Leyden, made himfelf aitdztz SE of Madrid, maftcr of the city, and drove away W, lat. 38 2, N. the bifliop and magiftrates : but it was tetaken in 1536, after 14 months fiege, and this fanatic was tortured to 4i-4th with redhot pincers. The famous treaty, called the treaty of Weftphalia, was concluded here in 1648. It is feafed on the Aa, 70 miles N by E of Appennines, iz miles SE of Conii. Go'ogne, and 77 S by W of Bremen. Murray Frith, a confiderable Lon. 7 49 E, lat. $z o N. inlet of the fca,on the E coailof Scot- M'JNSTtK, a town of France, in land, between Tarbetnefs, in Rofs» the department of Upper Rhine, 30 Hiire, on the Nj and Borough Head, miles SW of Stnr/burg. in Murrayfliire, on the S. MvwsTXt/ one of the four pro- MvsrtATs^iREyOtEi^GiKEUiM) the Segura, 27 miles N of Cartbagen*, ion. 3^ MuRET, atown of France, in the departnwnt of Upper Garonne, ftated on the river Garonne, 10 miles S of Touloufe. M un-o, an epifcopal town of Naples, in Bafiitcata, feated at the foot of the ,t^«*4,rtnn*\ NTYC n^G' the duchy of Wirtt-mSurg, with a Benedidine abbry. It is featcd on the river Mur, eight miles t'tom Halle. MuS'tEtBURCii', afcapntot'Ed'in- t oDunty of Scotland, botindetl on the t}iey may ride fecure from the N vflndr lifbythe frith of Murray ; on the E Water is very fcarce in fuimncr} but by Banffshire ; on the S jy Aberdeen- in the town is a large well, the only Jhire and Invemcfsihire } anri on the one in the ifland. Lon. 15 51 By iat> ^ by that county and Nairncniirc. It 37 28 N. fgtends from SW to NE 50 miles, and Mysorx, a town and fortified poft' along the coaft about 10. Its foil, for of thcpeninfula of Hindooftan, the an« the greateft part, is rich, and produces cienl capital of the kingdom of ths wheat, bailey, oatj, and RiTh The fjme nanu:, eight miles S of Seringaglifli over the Sci>t», in the* it ends in a ] oint. Its area has beta niga of Edward VI. It is fix miic^s E compared to that of Great Briufn. Lon. 3 5 W, lat. 56 On the termination of the laft war, I'ippoo agreed, over and above a Ia«ge payment in money, to cede one half of his dominions to the Englifli TS.»&: India Company, and their allies, the Mahractas and the nizam of thei)ec« can. A defcendant of the Hindoo king of My fore, whom Hyder Ally dethroned, is living, and is kept, a ftate prifoner at Seringapatam, the ca* ders, they here bnilt a chapel, wth a» piui. The country is dry, ruggedy image of our Lady-otMufweli, to which mountainous, and l»rren« It Ilea bt* tkereufed to be a great refnrt of pa- tween 10 and 16® N lat*- tients. This well ftill belongs to the pariflt of Clerkenweli. «. ■• ... MvsTACAM, a feapnrt of Africa, ^r ii the kingdom of Algiers with a csftle, i4omilesW of Algiers. Lon. 'M'ABURG, a town of GermMyjl 3 W, lat. 36 30 N. in Bavaria, feated on the river MusACRA, a feaport of' Spain, in Nab, 10 miles SE of Amberg. Granada, with a ftrong cadle, feated of Edinburgbvge fit of the Auf- triaii Netherlands, capital of the county Ht Namtir, with a ftrong caftle, Icvcial foru, and a biihrp's lee. In 169}, it was taken by Lewis XIV, but in 1695 was rif taken by William III. On the death cf Charles II, king of Spain, tile Frci-.ch Seized this city j but it was ceded to the houl'e of Au(lria by tlie peace of Utrecht. In 1715, it was allowed to be garriioned by Dutch tial ; and is in brudth^ France, in he, wlih 4 34,cou v.- nto the old I. ThefirlV is rich »-i ic palace <g- fi. It is the refidence of a viceroy, and comprehends eight cities in its iiftiia. Nantes, an ancient and flourlihing commercial town of France, in the de« pirtment of Lower Loire, with a bi» ihop's fee, and a univeifity. It was formerly the refidence of the dukes of Eretagne, who built a ftrong caftle on the river, which ftill ex'.fls. The kridges over the Loire, In which are fome ifiands, are almoft a league in length. The fuburbs are fo large, that they exceed the city. The in- habitants are computed at 60,000. Since the peace in 1783, Nantes has had a considerable fliare in the com- merce with the United State?, A great quantity of fa!t is made in the teirito- ry of Nantes, both at the bayof Bourg- ncuf, and in the fait marOies of Gue- rande and Croific. Large veflels can cnme no h'gher than Port Liunai, which is la ntiiles from Nantes. It was in this place that Henry IV pro- mulgated the famous cdidl, in ic^S, ill favour of the proieftants, which wis revoked, in 1 685, by Lewis XI V. If is 37 miles S V of Angers, and 217 «f Paris. Lon. 1 28 W, lat. 47 1,3 I V Nantua, a town of France, in the department of Am, fituate at the fxtrtmity of a great lake of th« (ua9 Jwmc, 18 miles SE of Bourg, Na N T u c K c T, an ifland ofN Ame« rica, in the ftate of MaiTacbufets, or which it is a county. It lies to the S of Cape Cod, and had once the moft confide|[able whale fiflicry on the coaft $> but it was almoft ruined by'tht civif war. It has one town called Sher- burne. Lon. 7c 30 W, lat. 41 Nf the fine^in the world, being almoft M a circular figure, thirty miles in dia- meter j /hut out from the Mediterra- nean by the ifland of Caprea, and three parts of it fheltrred by a noble circuit of woods and mountains. Naples is 1 1 o iniles SE of Rome, and jco S by E of Venice, ^-nn. 14 20 £, lat. 40 cc N. Naples, z kingdom of Italy, fcoundtd on the NW by the Ecclefiaf- tlcal Stater, on »he S and W by the Mediterranean, and en the E by the gulf of Venice. Its greatcft length, from NW to SE, is 2^0 miles, and from NE to SW, from 96 to 100. It is divided into I2 provinces ; nanQe* ly, Terra di Lavoro, the ancient Campania Fefix, of which the city of Naples is the capital} Principato Clteriore and Ulteriore (hither and further) ; Molife, Bafilicata, Calabria Citeriore and Ulteriore, Abruzzo Ci- teriore and Ulteriore, Gapitinata, Ter- ra di Bari, and Terra d'Otranto ; the laft three forming the ancient Apulia, now called Puglia, on the £ lide of the kingdom. The Normans becanie mafters of this country, in the eleventh century ; and the fovereigns were called counts, then dukes, and afterward kings of Puglia : but, in 1282, Peter IJI, king of Arragon, caufr-d vill the :>iormans in Sicily to be maHacred ; and this maflkcre was cal- led the Sicilian Vefpeis. After this Puglia was joined to Sicily, whence the fovereigns have had the title of King of the Two Sicilies, for a6o years paft. It has alfo been called the Kingdom of I^tuples, t'vtn its capital. Fr«ncc and Sj^ain conteaded for thk (ovcrefgnty In the fequcf, and bfooJy wars and revolutions were the confc- quence. The Fiench being defeated by the Spaniards in 1504, L:wi»XlI renounced all pretentions to the crown, and tlie country was governed by Spav nifli viceroys. In 1647, happened the infurreftion of M?lTanicllo ,n the city of Naples, by which the Spaniards were nearly etpelled. The people, hovirever, returning to their allegiance?, on the anamination of Maflaniello, the Spa. niards continued in pofTe/Iion of the kingdom till 1707, when it was con. quered by prince Eugene, anH ceded to the enr.peror by the treaty of Raftadtin 17 14. It was recovered, however, by the Spaniards in 1734 5 and the eW. eft fon of the king of Spain is now king of Naples and Sicily. Thetli. mate is extrcntcly. hot, efpecially in July, Auguft, and September, ^:r. Brydone defcribes it as one of the moll inconftant and unfavou;able to valetu- dinarians. He was aHured, that in fome feafons it had rained every daj for fix or feven weeks together. But the moft difagreeable part ofthecli. mate, he adds, is the firocc, or SE wind, which is very common in May, and is infinitely more relaxing, and gii es the vapours in a much higher de. gi-ee, than the worft of the rainy months of November in Great Britain. In winter there is feldom any ice or fnow, except on the mountains. The coun. try abounds with grain, the fineft fiuits and vegetabks, rice, flax, oil, win;, faffron, manna, alurri, vitriol, ful. phur, rock-cryftal, marble, and mine. rals ; with fins wool and filk. Beiidi the manufactures fpoken of in our ac- count of the city of Naples, waiftcoats, caps, ftockings, and gloves, are nia>!e ot-the hair or filaments* of a fliellfiii, which are warmer than thofe of wool, and of a beautiful glofl'y green. The principal mountains Jre the Appen. nines, and Mount Vefuvius. Ontof the greatcft inconveniencies to which this kingdom is expofed is earthquakes (See Calabria) which the erup- tions of Mount Vefuvius contribute, in fome mcafure, to prevent. The Cfiabliihed rcrgioo it the Roman «• ^«tIM«%4MI\ / NAR tholic'; and tne clergy and convents pef- (efs two thirds of the whole kingdom. Nafoli-di-Maxv \siA, ihe ca- pital of the iHand of Nlatvatta, i'eated on a rock, a*- the entrance of the golf of Napoii-di-Roman'm. It is defended by a citadel j has a fine h»rbour, and t long wooden bridge,- which joins it to the mainland. It gives name to that excellent wine, called Ma mfey, was antiently noted for the temple of iElculapius, and is 42 miks SE of Napoii-di-Romania. Lon. 23 %z £, lat. j6 57 N. Napoli-si-Romania, a ieaport of the Morea, at the bottom of, a bay of the fame name. It has a large har- bour, with a narrow mouth, through which one fliip only c^n enter at a time. It is inhabited by Co,ooo Greeks, be- ftJe people i different nations ; and is an arthbi^'jp's fee. It is 56 miles SW of Athens. Lon. 23 4 £, lat. J7 36 N. Nara, a rich town of Japan, in the ifljnd of N phon, witli a -laftle, 25 miles from Meaco. Lon 1J4 15 E, lat. 35 50 N. Narbarth, a townof Pembroke- Ihlre, with a market on Wednefdny, and an old cafrle. It is fcated on a hill, j2. miles NE of Pembroke, and azg W by N of London. ^ Na&bonne, an ancient city of France, in the department of Aude.^ Before the revolution, it was an archie- pifcopai fee. It was the capital of that part of Gaiil, called Gallia Narbo- ncnfis ; and it was l;he birthplace of the emperor Marcus Aureliu*. Some Ro nan infcriptions, in dift'erent parts of the city, aie ftill vifible ; and the eana!, from the Aude, tlirough the city, tr> the l"4v;ditcrranean, was cut by the Romans. Narbonne is famous for its honey. It is five mil~a from the Me- diterranean, and 75 E by SofTou- ioufe. Lon. 3 6 E, lat. 43 11. N. Narborougm, an ifland of S America, on the coaft of Chill, Lon. 74 35 W, lat. 45 N. Nardo, a populoi's town of Naples,. in Terra d'Otranto, witr. a biihrp's fcc,. SO miles N W of Otranto. Narenta, » t«wn of Turkey in ifAsr- Europer in Dahnatia, with « blAop'f' fee. It is feated on a gulf of the fame name, 46 miles NE ofRagafa. jj Lon. 18 »7 E, lat. 43 35 N. ' Nakni, an ancient and handfotnqr town of luly, in Sabini, with a bi« fliop's fee, and the ruins of a marble bridge, Witt by Augudus, and of an a^ueduA 15 miles long. It is ftated on the Nera, 20 miles SW of SpokC- to, and 40 NE of Rome. ^^AROVA, a river of the RufBaii empire, which iflues from lake Fei» pus, and watering Narva, ftows into the gutf of Finland, eight miks belov^' that town. Nassincapatan, a town in the peninfula of Hindooflan and territory of Bifnagur, in the dominions of Tip- po9 Sultan, 400 miles SE of Bombay*- Lon. 76 io E, lat. 15 30 N. Narva, a ftrong town of the Ruf- fian empire, which, with its fuburbj, according to a former geographical di- vrfioii, is fituate partly in Ingria, and partly in Eflhonia, as the river Narova divides thofe two provinces j but, ia the prefent new diviiion, it ia com- yrifed in Ingria, or the government of Pcterfburgh, In lyuOi Charles Xil of Svireden, obtained a preat vidtory here, over Peter the Great. Five yeats after, the caartookthetownbyalfault j- and, notw th{^andinghis natural favnge character, faved the town, by his owi» perfonal exertions, from pillage and ma^acrc. Nnrva is fituate on' the Na- rova, 100 miles W of Peterlburg. Lon. 27 52 E, lat. 59 rg N. Narwah, or Nar'vha, a town of Hindooftan Prop- r, in the province of Agra j felted near the Sinde, which fiills below it, into the Jumna. It is 127 miles S of Agra. Liin. 79 17 E, 'at. .5 40 N. Nase.by, a villag; m Northamp- tonlhire, famous for the dccifivc vic- tory gained by thf »rmy of the parlia- ment over th It of Ch irlcs I, ia 16454 It is t'2 miles N of Northampton. Nassau, a town of G-rmany, ci- pital of a county of the fame name^ the houfe of whofe f>-.vereign is divid- ed inro feveral branches. It Is fivted on the river Lahn, 12 miles SE oi R6 N AV N AZ C blcntz. Lon. 7 41 E, lat. 50 x8 N. Nassact, a fertile county of Ger- rfiany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, bounded en the N by Weft{^a. lia, on the E by the county of Solms» on the S by the territory of Ments, and on the W by the eleftorate of Treves. Nata, afeaportofS America, in the government of Panama } feated on the bay of Parita, 70 miles SW of Pa- nama. Lon. 8( 15 W, lat. S loN. Natal, a country on the L cuaft of Africa, lying NE of the Cape of than fix feet high, and welh propjtion. Good Hope, inhabited by the Bofliman ed. The women aie de'icactly beau' Hottentots. See Hottentots, Country or thz. NATCHiTOtHES, arlverof Loui- £ana, which falls into the MiiUfllppi) at point Coupee. Natolia, a country, formerly caMed Ada Minor. It is :he moft Sweftcrn part of Turkey in Afia, ex- t~'nding from the Euphrates as far as tlie Archipelago, the drait of Gallipoli, the fea of Marmora, and the ftrait of Coaftaiitlnoplc. It is hounded on the N by the Elack Sea, and on the S by the Mediterranean. The air ia tem- perate and whoiefume, and the foil gentry!' y ffrtiJc. Navarjno, a populous tow:i of the Archipelago, 88 miles in circimi- the Morea, with an excellerA harbour, ference. It is inhabited buth by defended by two forts, it is feated on Greeks and Latins, and there are four a hill, near the fea. eight miles NE of archiopifcopal fees, one town and a Modon. Lon. f.l 40 £, lat. 37 a great many villages; but the whole N. " ' ' Navariz, a kingdom of Europe, lying between France and Spain, and divided into the Upper and Lower. The Upper i^elongs to Spain, and is 75 sr.lies in length, and 60 in breadth. 1 he air is more mild, temperate, and ' Avholefome, than in the neighbourirg provinces of Spain ; and, though a mounuinous couniry, it la pretty fer- tile. Its capital is Pampeluna. Lower N.ivarre belongs to France, and is in the department of the Lower Pyrenees. It is I'rparated from Spanifli Navarre by the Pyrenees, and is a mountainous, bar- ren country, 20 miles in length, and J 2 In breadth. From this country the Lite king of France took his oth^ title of king of Navarre. See Paiaij \ St. ^ Navarrzins, a town of France,' In the' department of the Lower Pyre< nets, feated on the Cave 6' Oieron, 16 miles SE of ^ayonne. Navidao, a feaportof NewSpain, feated on the Pacific Ocean, 3^0 miles W ot Mexico. Lon. 106 oW, lat. 19 oN. Navigators Islands, a duller of iilands in tlie S Pdcific Ocean. The inhabitants are aitrongand hand- feme race, fcarcely one te be feen kit tifu' j their canoes, houfes, &c. well conftruded j and tliey ar*; much moit advanced in internal policy, than any of the idands in this ocean. Lon. 169 O W, lat. 14 19 S. See Macuna. Navmburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, capital of the duchy of Saxe-Naumburg, feat- ed on the Sala, 60 miles W ofDrcf. den. Lon. 12 20 E, lat. 51 nl}, Naxkow, a fe^ort of Denmark, In the iflc of Laland, with a plentifjl fifliery. Ic is 60 miles SW of Copen- hagen. Lon- ti 31 £, lat. 5,^ ji NAXos^or Naxia, an ifland of ifland does not contain nbove 8000 in- habitants. Naxos, or Naxia, a confiderable town, capital of the ifle of Maxas, op- pofite the ifle of Paros, with a caflle and two archiepi fcopal fees, the one Greek and the other Latin. The grea.:il part of the inhabitants aie Creeks. Lon. 25 59 E^ lat. 37 SK. Naylanz>, a town of Sufl'olk, with a market on Friday, and a wool- len manufaftory. It is feated on the Stour, 16 miles SW of Irfwich, ajid 57 NE of London. Nazarzth, a town of Paleftlne, famous for being the rcfidenreof Jeftis Ch-'ft, in the early part of his life. It is now nothing but a villng^ wiicre if\iVi»M4«k««M»v Palaij,.\ ■\ ranee. .f F wer Pjre- i' Oleion, ^ew Spain, :ean, 3^0 106 oW, s, a cinder Ac Ocean. I and hand- be feen left propjtion- :at«:ly beau- i, &c. well much naoic y, ihan any Lon. 169 Macuna.. >f Germany, (ony, capital mburg, feat- iWotDrcf. :. 51 II N. >f Denmaric, [h a plentit'at rot Copen- lat. 5i^ 51 eJ an ifland of in circum- both by lere are fo»r town and a the whole ve 8000 in* 1 confiderablc Maxos, cp- vith a callle ces, the orit ,atin. The labitants a« lat. 37 8 N. of Suffolk, and a wool- eated on the li-fwich, aiul lof Paleftine, (cnceof JefttS of bis life. NEE thfimnnks of St. Francis have a con. «ent. L>on. 3^20 £, lat. 31 30 N. Na2aReth, a town of N Ameri- ca, in the ilate of Pennfylvania. It is aAourifliing fettlemenC of the Mora- vians, and is 10 miles N of Bethte- bem, and 63 of PhUadelphia. NCAGH, LovCH, a lake of Ire- land, in the counties of Armagh, Pown, Antrim, Londonderry, and Tyrone. It is the Urgeit in Europe, tbofe of Ladoga, Onega, and Geneva excepted; being 20 miles long and 15 broad. It is lemarkable for a healing virtup, and for petrifying wood KEG 4S fentcd on the Orwell, 10 mi'es NW of Ipfvviih, and 73 N£ of iioitdon. Nexdlcs, two rocks ac the W end uf the ifle of Wight* fo called froan their fliarp extremities. Ne£kxeheow, one of the Sand" wich iQands, five leagnes W of Atooli NzERwiNDEN, a village of AuftrU an Brabant, a little to the N by W of Landen. Hence the two ceJebratetl battles of Landen are fometimes caliei by the name of Necrwinden. Sa Landen. NxFERN, a village near Newporti in Pembrokelbire, in the churchyard Nkath, a large corporate town of of which is a remarkable old cro£s* Glamargan/hire, with a market an Sa- turday} feated on the river Neath, over which is a bridge, where (mall vefTcls come to load coaJ. In the neiglibourhood are iron forges, fmelt- ing wnrks for copper, and coal mines. It is feated near the Briftol Channel, 31 miles NW of Landaft', and 200 W by N of London. Neath, ariverofGlamorgann>ire, which runs into the Briftoi Channel, below the town of Neath. Neb, a river in the Ide of Man, which runs into the InOx Sea, at Peel Calile. Nebio, a ruined city on the N fide It is iS miles N£ of St. David's. Nefta, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis. Lon. ^ 25 £». lat. 33 o N. Negapatam, acityofthe penin- fula of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Co- romandel. It was Arft a colony of the Portuguefe, but was taken by the Dutch. The latter were difpolleffej of it by the Engli/h in 1782; but, by the peace of 17S3, it was agreed to be reftored to the Dutch, whenever thiy fliould give an equivalent for iU It is 183 miles S of Madras. Lon. 79 56 E, lat. 10 46 N. Negombo, a feaport on the W ofCorftca, with a biflnp's fee, whofe coaft of Ceylon. Its fort, built by the bifhop reftdes at St. Fiurenzo^ a mile diftant. Neckar, a river of Germany, which rifes in the Black Foreft, crofTes the duchy of Wirtcmburg, and the pa- latinate of the Rhine,, and falls into the Rhine at Manheim. ' Portuguefe, was taken by the Dutch, in 1640. Lon. 83 45 E, lat. 7 30 N. Necrais, a feaport of Afia, on the £ fide of the bay of Bengal, 240 miles W of Pegu. Lon. 94 4 E, lat. 15 50 N. Negril-Point, the moft wcft- Neckars-Gemund, a town of eriy promontory of Jamaica. [ling* r. >v. here Genany, in the palatinate of the Rhiae, feated on the Neckar. Lon. 9 5$ E, lat. 49 26 N. Neckar s-Ulm, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of Franconia, feated on the Neckar. It belong* to llie grand-mafter of the Teutonic order. Lon. 9 5 E, lat. 49 22 N. Needham, a town of Suffolk, with a market on Wednefday. It has fome trade in SufFolk-blues and ciohs; and women are employed in Spinning and weaving boncUce* It NxGKo, Cafe, a promontory of Africa, on the W coart of Angola. Lon. 10 40 E, lat. 15 54 N. Negro's Island, one of the Philippine Ilbnds, between Panay and Cebu. Negroland, or Nigritia, a country in Africa, through which the Niger is fuppofed to run. It has the defert of Zahara on the N ; but, at prefent, it is fo little known, that its extent and boundaries cannot be afcei:« taiaed. i I •,>jiiV,:' ,v -iV' •*f.«>'V* !fOVi»M'*'k"'V' N £ M NecropOnt» a feit'ile ifland of Turkey in Europe, the largeft in the . Archipelago. It was anciently called Euboea, and is near the N coailof Li- vadia, feparatedi from it by a ftrait> •ver whieh is a brid^. It is 90 miles »n lengihy and, in fome placet} 25 in k^eadtn. N£CROp»N-r, the capital of the Ifland of that name, with a harbour, «nd a Greek arcMii flue's fee. The walls of the town in which the Turk* and Jews rclide,. are two miles and a half incircumferance ; bat ihe fuburbs, where the ChriAlana live, are much krger. It was taken from the Vene- tians, in 14^. Il is feated on a ftrait of the fame name, y) miles N£ of Athens, and 260 SW of Conltantino- ple. Lon. 24 8 £, lat 38 ]0 N. NEitsTON, a village of Renfrew- Aire. It lies S of Faifl'-y, and is noted for a cotton manufactory. Nxissx, a town oi Silelia, where the bilhopof Breflaw has d magnificent palace. TImi inhabitantiS cari7 on a confiderahV trade in I'me s and wine. This place fuffered greatly in 1729, hy an inundation and a fire. It was taken by the Pruliian's in 1741, who^ after the peace in I74tt built a citade'. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 35 miles S£ of Bteflaw* Lon. 17 35 £, lat 50 31 N. NxtLCNBuiiG, a town of Suabia> capital of the landgravate of the fame name, jio miles N of Conftalice. Lon. 9 S E, lat. 47 ^q N. Nelson, an Englift fettlement in N America, on the W fide of Hud- fon's Bay, at the mouth of the river Nelfoft, ?50 miles SE of Churchill Fort. It belongs to the Hudfon's Bay Company. Lon. 91 35 W, lat. 57 7 N. Nem^a, a village of the Morea, famous for the Ncmsean games anci- ently celebrated here. Nemoubs, a town of France, in the department of Seine and Marne, with an old caftle between two hills, on the fpofwhcre flood the town of Grex, in the time of Cefar. Jt is feated on the Loing, 15 miles S£ of J'aris. KES Nek, die principal river of North, amptondlire, whxh is made navigabk at NorthaniptoB, leaves the count* at Peterborough, and croffing the ifle of Ely, forms part of the W boundary of Norlblk, and falls into the Lincoln. Hiire Wafli. It likewife comrouni. cates, by fevetal. channels, wittt'the Great Oufe. NrocASTRo, a fort of Turkey !a Europe, in Romania, feated in the middle of the ftraitof Conftantinopk It mi!es from C'^iftantinople. Lju, 19 4 B, lac. 41 10 N. Neots, S»t, a large town of Hunt tingdonihire, with amaketon Thurf. day. ■ It is feated on the Oufe, over which is a ftone bridge, 20 miln WSW of Cambridge, and 56 NNW of London. NxPEAN Isi/A-NDy an ifland of ths S Pacific Ocean, oppoftte Fort Hun. ter, on the S coal^ of Norfolk Idand. Nxi»i, an ancent town or Itiiy, in the o?tTimot y df St. Peter, wiih a biflrop's fee. It is feated on the Trig, lia, 20 miles N of Rome. NxRAc, a town of France, intht department of Lot and Garonne, divj. dcd by the river Baife into Great and Little Ncrac Here are the ruins of i caltle, in which the once favourite of the French, Henry IV, fpent pattolf his youth. It is lo mi!' s SW «f Agen, and 380 S by W of Paris. NxRBUDDA, a river, which ibrmi the boundary between Hindooftan Pto^ per and the Deccan, and falls intu the gulf of Cambay, below Baroach. IdrRjciA, a province of Swedtn Proper j bounded on the N by Weft. mania, on the E by Sudermania, vt the S l)y Eaft Gothland, and on tin W by Welt Gothland. Orcboisthe capital. Nero, an idand, in the EaAIn> dies, the fecond of the Bands lilandi. The Dutch have a fort here, calW Fort Nalfau. Lon. 129 45 £, lat, if 40 N. Nertchinsk, one of the four provinces of the RuHian goverrmerit of Irkutsk. Its capital, of thrfarae name, is feated on the Nertcba. NxsLSj a town of France;^ in tl;; Jcpartment rd on the Li efRoyes, anc Ness, Lo* ihire, 22 mile bread :h. Nxss, a ri IS the outlet c into the frith c ncfs. Netherl CoUNTRItS, rope, ancienJj It conli(led, ir 17 provinces, \ tion to the hoi death of Charl Burgundy, wh heitefs hid beer ror Maximilian. V, kirgof Spai the fovercignty and, foon after > Bis fon Philip, cruel bigot, PhiH] people, that the nifhyoke, and, William I, prin( the famous leagu wh'ch proved the public of the Sev and after a long 1 of a truce of 12 prefly acknowled of thefe provinc Weftphalia, in provinces, howe the dominion of ^ favourable ftipuh tlieir ancient liber fion of a branch bon to the Spani ft'pulated, in 17 Netherlands fhou mm branch of the fome confideraMe byconqueftorcei and Dutch. The Brabant, Limbii 'f he French have '"■''fisi with pa Flanders, and I other hand, part ^_ oJ the United Pi Auftria, and anoi ^»^.tnt<«'^««'>\t^<| NET JcpartrtJent pf Somme. It Is feat- fd on the Lingon, right miles NE ef Roye^i and 66 N by E of Paris. Ness, Loch, a lake of Inverneft- Ihlre, 2£ niiles in length, and one in bread :h. Kxss, a river, of Scotland, which is the outlet of Loch Kefs, and fails into the frith of Murray, below Inver- nefs. Netherlands, or the Low CowNTRiK», a large country of Eu- rope^ ancier.Jy caiied GaJlla Belgica, It confifted, in the 1 5th century, of 17 provinces, which were an acquisi- tion to the houfe of Auilria, by the death of Charles the Bold, duice of Burgundy, whofe daughter, and fole lieitefs had been married to the empe- ror Maximilian. The emperor Charles V, icirg of Spain, in 1555, abdicated the fovereignty of the Netherlands, and, foon af:er of Spain, in fav/our of hij fon Philip. The tyranny of this cruel bigot, Philip II. fo exafperated the people, that they threw off the Spa- nifh yoke, and, under the conduct of William I, prince of Orange, formed the famous league of Utrecht, in 1579, wh'ch proved the foundation of the re- public of the Seven United Provinces ; and after a long war (with the interval of a truce of 12 years) Philip IV ex- preOy aclcnowFedgtd the independence of thefe provinces, by the treaty of Weftphalia, in 1648. The other 10 provinces, however, returned under the dominion of Spain, but with very favourable ftipulations with refpeft to their ancient liberties. On the accef- fion of a branch of the houfe of Bour* bon to the Spanifh monarchy, it was ftipuiated, in 1714, that the Spanilh Netherlands (hould return to the Gcr- imn branch of the houfe of Auftria } but forne confiderable parts were obtained, by conqueft or ceflion, by the French and Dutch. The Dutch have part of Brabant, LImburg, and Flanders. The French have Artois and the Cam- brefis; with part of Luxemburg, Flanders, and Hainault. On the other hand, part of Guelderhnd, one of the United Provinces, belongs to Auftria, and another part to Fruffia. The fate empetor,- Jofeph U, having proje Aed many innovadons-, 2nd enforc- ing them with violence, a univerfal- fpirit of revolt broke out ; a army of 40,000 men rofe, n if by magic, to fuppoft the renunciation of ah allegi- ance, which feveral of the provincel. openly made j a congrefs was formei from the different ftates, in whom the- fupreme government was vefted ; and by the end of 179O, the Auftriana were expelled. The new government,, however, was not of long duration j for Leopold II (the focceflbr of Jofeph, who died in the early part of 1790) was ena- bled, partly by force, partly by concilia- tory meafures, andpartly by the media- tion of Great Britain, PruiTia, and Hol- land, to recover the entire poffeffion of his authority ; the mediating courts ha- ving guarantied the refturation of the-an- cient Belgic conftitution. In 1792, the French overran the Auftrian Nether- lands : they were driven out of the country in 1793 } but they returned, in 1794, and fubdued every part of it. The Netherlands, in general, are 360 fnile^r long and 260 broad } lying be- tween 2 and 70 E Ion. and 49 and 540 N I at. They ate hounded on the W and N by the German Ocean, on the E by Germany, and on the S by France. They once conftitated a pa»t of the German empire, under the name of the circle of Burgundy. The pnrifl- cipal rivers are the Scheld, Rhine, Maefe, Mofelle, Sambre, and Lis ; and there are many fine navigable ca'- nals. The air is temperate ; but the mouths of the rivers and harbours arte frozen in winter. The foil is extreme- ly fertile } and there ate fine manufac- tories of lace, lawns, cambrics, tapef- try, &c. BrufTels, the capital of Brabant, is the capital, likewlfe, of ail the Auftrian Netherlands. See Unitio Provinces or thf Ne- THERtANDS Nkttuno, a town of Italy, in the C^mpagna of Rome, at tlie mouth oS the Loracina, 24 miles S of Rome. NtVA, a river of Ruffia, wh'ch ifTucs fiom lake Ladoga, and falls into the gulf of Finland, below Peterfburgh. Nevbu^g, a town of Suabia, in ■1 NEU * <}■? Brlfgaw, fsated Hear the RKln», 12 mllc^ N of Bdfle. It is lubjcA to the houfe of Auftria. NcuBURG, a town of Germany, in Lower Auftria, feated on the Da> nuue, five miles from Vienna, with a famous monddery. NxuBL-RC, a town In the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the £ntz, with a CjftJe, 25 miles W of Stutgard. Neubukg, a town in the circle of Bavaria, capital of the duchy of the fime name» fubje£l to the elector pa- latine. It is 28 miles N£ of Augf- burg. Neuchatei, a territory of Swif- ferland, which, witli ihat of Vallen- giii, forn)S one principality, that fti etches from the lake of Neuchatel to the b;>rders of France} being fr ?m N to S 12 leagues, and lix in its greateft breadth. By the death of the duchefs of Nemours, in 1707, the Ibvereignty was claimed by Frederic I, king of Piudia, as heir to the prince of Orangp j and from him It defcended to Frederic William II, the prcfent kine. The conftitution is a kind .>' limited monarchy. The inhabitants are proteftants, except in the two dif- tri^ts of Landeron and Cre/Iier, where the catholics are predr)minanr. In 1^19, this principality entered into an alliance with the cantons of Bern, Fri' ,burg, Soleure, and Ldicern. . Nkuchat£l, a town of SwilTer- land, capital of a principality of the Ckme name. It contains not more than 3000 fouls. It lies partly on the plain between tlv; lake of Neuchatel and the Jura, and partly on the declivity of that mountain. The chief article of their exportation is wine, produced fiom the neighbouring vineyards, and much ef- tecmed. H<"ie are manufadlones alfo of printed linens and cntUins. It is (i- tuatc on the lake of the fame name, 25 m'llesNE ofLaufanne, and 25W %ii Bern. Lon. 7 o £, Fat. 47 ; N. Neuchatel, or Yverpun, a lake of Swili'eriand, 20 miles in length from the town of Yverdun to that of Neuchatel, in a dire^on from SW to N£, at which extremity it has a NEU communication with thj lake of K-. enne by a narrow outlet. Nevers, Ti confiderable town of France, in the department of Nievre with a hifliop's fee. It is built in the form ofan amphitheatre, and is feated on the Loire, over which is a handfome bridge. It is 1 5 miles NW of Mou- lins, and 145 SE of Paris. Lon. -i 14 E, lat. 46 59 N. Neujchatel, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine noted for excellent cheeCc, and feated* on the river Arques, 20 miles SE oif Dieppe, and 75 NW of Paris. Neufchatea«, a town of Auf. trian Luxemburg, 27 mile* WNWof Luxemburg. Neufchateau, a commercial town of France, in. the department of the Vofges, feated on the mcr IV.'ou- zon, 25 miles SW ot'Nanci, and ic« E by S of Paris. Neuuaus, a ftrong town of Bo. hernia, in the circle of Bechin, with a caiile. Lon. 15 30 E, lat. 49 8 N, Neuhausel, a ftrong town of Upper Hungary, feated on the Ney. tr.cht, 40 miles SE of Prelburg. Nevill's Cross, near Dur. ham, famous for the gieat viflcry oij. taiued by the Englilh over the Scotch, in 1346. Neyin, or Newin, a town of Carnarvonfliire, with a maiket on Sa. turday. It is feated on the Irifli Sea, 20 miles SW of Carnarvon, and 249 N of London. Lon. 425 V.", lat. jj 52 N. Nevis, one of the Leeward Carifi. bee iflands, in the Weft Indies, divided from the E end of St. Chriftopher'sby a narrow channel. It is f bjeft to the Englifli. Lon. 62 50 W, lat. 16 10 N. Neumark, a town of Tranfyiva. nia, feated v)n the river Merifch, ^ miles N of Ctaufenburg. Neumark, a town of Bavaria, jo mi!esNNWofRati/br,n. Neumark, a town of Silelia, in the principality of Breilaw, J5ii)i!cJ W of Breflaw. Ns u s, a tlver of N Carolina^ which N.E W etiwrs Pjmlico Sound, below Nev*^ern, wnere it is a mile and a half broad. NeusTAOT* a town in the duchy if Hdiftein, feated on the Baltic. Lon. iioE> iac. 54 loN. NiusTADT, a town in the duchy ot Mecklenbur{{, feated near the Elbe. Lm. II 50 E, lat. 53 14 N. NjtOSTADTr»tOWllofLoW«r Auf- tria, witli a bifliop's fee, a caftle, and a!) nrfenal, 30 miles S of Vienna. NtusTADT, a town in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the Kochcr, u miles NE of Hailbron. NiusTADT, » town in the bi-. jhopric of Wu taburg, fea'ed on the river Sale. Lon. 10 25 £, lat. 40 Nkustadt, a town in the dachy 0! B unfwick-Luncnburg, wicha caftle, I J miles NW of Hanover. NsuSTAOT, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, 10 Biiles N of Laadsa. Nevwied, a modern cky of Ger- ma.iy, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, capiul of the principality of Wied. By the wife and patriotic ex- ertions of its favereicns, it is become a very flouriibing commercial place. The number of inhabitants is between 6 and 7000 1 the Caiviniit is the efta- bliihed religion, but al4 others are to- lerated ; and the Moravians, in parti- cular, have here a very ref)>eAable fet- tie.Tient. Neuwied is feven miles N by VV of Ci)iilentx. Newark, a flourltVing town of [ N AiTierita, in the ftate of New Jcr • %• It has the reputatiO 1 of making (lie beft cider in the worid, and is nine [miles Wot" New York. Newark upon Trent, a com. [mcrcial borough of Nottiiighamfh-re, Itoiiha inarkec on Wednefday. It is Ikatcd Oil the Trent, over which is a jbiidge into a Jmall illandofthe river, jit once haJ a caftle, now in ruins, iKcie Jied ihe inglorious king John j IriJ hire the u.ifoitunate Charles I, jiitter his defeat at Naleby. put himfelf iiito the hands of the Scotch army. It 17 miles NE of NottinghaKn, and 1:4 N by VV of London, i«*w«sRN, tUc county-town of NEVr Craven, In the ftate of N C.iroKnsr. ft is the iargeft town in the ftate, and \i feated at the confluence of the Neus and Trent, 499 miles S by W of Phi- ladelphia. Lon. 77 5 W, lat. 35 io N. Nkwbur&h, a town of the ifl? of Anglefey, with a matket on Tuefday. It is feated on the river Brant, tJ miles SW of Beaumahsj and 257 NW of [.ondon. Newburw upon Tvnb, a vilbje Itv Northumberland, on the W (ide o£ Ncwca.lle, inhabiter .f. Charles I, and the parliament, in f ^^^ and i644» Newbury is 16 miles W of Reading, and 56 of London. Nrw»»«Y-FoiiT, a town of ff Amerir;:* m the ftate of Matfachulerfl* The biiijnefs of Qiip- building is carrieit on largely here. It ts feated on the river Merrimaky two miles from the Atlantic, and 45 £ of BoAon. Loil.. 71 s W, lat. 42 45 N. NxwcASTLr, a town ofCarmwo thenihire, with a market on Fridaf^ leated on the Tyvy. k had a caft e, now in ruins, and is 17 miles NW oi Carmartheoy and a 19 WN W uf Lon- don. NewcASTti, or NawcASTtr UNDER LiNB., a botou^hin Statibid- ihire, with a market on Monday. ■ It is feated un a rivulet, and had four churches, nowieduced to one. Ithu a manufactory of hats, and is 15 miles N of Stafford, and 14 9 NNW of Loit. don. \v Newcastle, or Newcastl* UPON lYNE, a iirge and populous town o> Notcnumhei'iaitd, littuto be- tw-cp. the Pids Wail and tiie Tyne, which is here ia di'ep, tiiac fltips nf above 300 tons burde;i may come upto the Cowrti Ui'JUtt^h the large Qoiiers are ftationcd at Shields. Tho ti>wn may be conGdei'cd as dtvldc4 iaiu iWv>'P4tl% :7;(4es, befiUe one at Gateiht-ad. Among the other public butldirgs is a manitnn-houfe for the wwyor, who is allowed 600I, for the year, to maintain a proper ftate } and, befidc other charitable foundations, Ji«re u an hofpita), built by conuibu-^ lion of the keeU inen»., for the main- tenance of the poor of their fraternity. The coal trade is- tbe fource of. great •pulence to Newcafile ; which exports alfo lead, fait, falmon, batter, tallow, and grindftonesj and imports wine and irult from the S of Europe, and timber, iron, hemp, &c, from the N. Ships •refenthenceto the Greenland fiAtery. It poffeffes alfo manufaftorie* of fteel, iron^ and woollen cloth j and in the town and neighbourhood are feveral glafs- hou£;s. The ftreets in the oiu pati. of NewcallJe are unfightly and rturiow, smd the buildings crowded together j but Tome of the new^r parts are hand- Come and commodious. The fuburbs are chiefly inl.abited by keel men ; a fturdy race, employed in carrying the coal down the river in keels, or light- ers, to the large fhips. Newcaitle is 14 miles N of Durham, aad 2/1 N by W of London. Lon. 1 2.7 W, lat. 55 3 N. Mx wc A 8.T I. «« a. town of N Ame- NEMT rica, in the ftate of Delaware. It wn fettled by the Swedes, in 16*7, and was called Stockholm. Bring taken by the Dutch, it wat called New Am. fterdam. It was the firfl: town fettled on the river Delaware, and is ic qjic} S by W of Philadelphia. Newcastle, a town of VIrjinij, on York River. N»wdigate, a vlJfage in Surry, Ave. miles SE of Darking. Here i; j medicinal fpring of the fame nature aj that of Epfoni. Newenham, GA?E,arockypoir;t of conlldcfable height, on tbi Wcoift of N America, forming tlie N eitre. mlty of a Taft bay called BriHol Bay, of which the promortory olf Alafti « the S bonadary. It was difcovered by captain Cook in 1778. Lon; i6au \V, lat. 58 4a N. Newent, a town of Gloueefter. Aire, with a market on Friday; fca. ed near a branch of the Severn, eight miles. NW of Gloacefter, and iii WNW of London. NrwFiDbEit«SKA', a lake in Hun- gary, 17 mile* in length, and fii in breadth, and 20 S by W of Pre/bur;. New Fokest, a foreft in Hamp* ihire, iicuate in that part ^f the covoty which is bounded 00 the £ by South. ampton Water,, and on the S by the Englifli Channel. It is ao miles Icn;,. { and 15 broad, and was aflbrtftedby William 1, who expelled the inhabi. I tants, and laid wafte the country fotj that pwpofe. His fon, William Ru.| fus, was killed in this foreft, by aa arrow ihot by Walter Tyrrel, which I had accidentaUy glanced againft a tretJ The fpot is pointed out by a triaojulv | ftone. NEWFooNDtAND, an illand MJ the E coaft ot N America, betw«fli| 47 and 5Z° N lat. It is a mountain- ous, barren country, covered withfnow I five months in the year. It has nol native inhabitants, but, in fummer, itj vifited by the Efquimaux Indians. Ill has feveral harbours, and there «| 500 Englifli families who continue lO I the year, befide the garrifon of Stil John's, Placentia, and other forts, hi the fiibing feafon k is refortedtabyatl NEW NEW" Irtft I0|0oe ^eoplcy on account of the fiAing-banks to the E of this ifland } and hcie they cure the cod, which it carried to »ll parts of Europe. It ex- tends 350 miles from N to S,-. and aoo from E to W. Newhavkn. a tovm of'Snilext feated at the mouth of the Oufe, feven miles S of Lewes, and 56 of London. Lon. 5 E, lat. 50 48 N. NiwHAviN> » town of N Ame* rica, in the ftate of Connecticut. It lies round the head of a bay, four miles N of the Sound, and 13s miles NNE of New Yorlc. Hete is a uni- vtrficy, confiftingof one college, called Yale College. Newmarket, a town, which has •ne pariih in Suftolk, and another in Cambridgefliire } but the market-place, and ail the ftreet, are in Suflpjlk. It is the moft celeln-ated place in England for horferaces i and here Charles II boilta houfe for the fsJce «f this di- «er6on. It has a marlcet oh Thuff' d»y, and is 14 miles £ of Cambridge, and 60 N by B of Loudon. Loo. o ij E, lat. 5a oo N. KiwMAiix7 miles S I of Southampton, and 91 SWefLon- doii. Newport, a borough of Cornwall. I three riiiies N of Liuncefton, and 114 [ W by S of London. Newport, a town in ShfopAire, j with a market on Saturday, 17 miles IE of Shrewfeury, and 140 NW of jLntidon. Newport, a feaport of Monmouth- ifliire, with a market on Saturday } IfeateJon the Uflc, over which is a jliandrome bridge, 19 miles SSW of JMonmoutb, and 1 52 W by N of Lon- don. Lion. 3 4 W, lat. 51 36 N. NtwfoaT, a corporate town of Pembrokefkire, whh a market on S»« turday. It is feated at the foot of a high hill, at the bottom of z bay o^ the fame nanne, 18 miles NE of St. David's, and 135 WNW of London. Lon. 4 50 W, lat. 5a 6 N.- Newport, a feapcrt of N Ame* pica, in the ftate of Rhode Ifland. Its harbour is one of the fined in the world, and to the W of the town is Goat If- land, with a fort. It is 80 miles NE of New Yoik» Lon. 71 6 W, lar, 41 35 N. Nxwport-Pagnzc, a town of Buckinghamfliire, with a market on< Saturday. It is noted for the manu- faAure of bonelace, and is feated on the Oufe, 14 miles ENE of Bucking- ham, and 51 NNW of Londor. New Riv xr, a fine artificial flream, brought from two fprings at Chadwdl and Amwell, near Ware, in Hert- ford ihire, for the fupply of the metro- polis with water. It was fin: died, in. 1613, by Ar Huglk^ Middleton, a ci^ tizcn of londua, w1k> expended his^ whole fortune in the undcitakihgi This rrrcr, with all its vrindings, is above 38 nailes long, and is under the management of a corporation called the New River Company. See Isr LIIfCTOie. NiwRv,. a borough of Ireland, tfi the county of Down, fituate on the fide of a deep h\\>, tf rhe foot of which is Newry Wateri having over it two ftone bridges; and there is a third bridge over a- navigable canal, by which it haj a communication with Longh> Neagh and Carlingford Bay. It hae, fuftered greatly by the rebellions in Uiftcr, and was burnt by the duke of Berwick in 1689 ; but it is now fo much impinved in trade and buildings, that it is the largeft town in the county. It is 49 miles N of Dublin. Lon. ^' ao W»lat. 54 15 N. Nbwry-Watir, a river of Ire* land, which I'eparates the counties of^ Armagh and Down, and watering Newry, enters Carlingfbrd Bay. I«Iew.s.ham, a village in Durham^ fituate on the Tees, five mites from Darlington. This being.thQ uf'iai foiil 1 y NE.\V •rer the rvcr, from the S, the biflinp of Duh.tm is met here, at his firft cootting c> the fee, when the lor J of !>tocl«bt)urn, at the head of tne country grntlcrrien, advances into the middle ot' the river, with his truncheon, and prefents it to the bilhop, who returns it, and is then conduced aloogr amid the acclamations of the populace. Here was formerly a nunnery. Niwsor., a town of Upper Hun- |iry, with ? large cadle, in which is' a church, coverea wich copper. Near it are the greateft copper-mines in all Hungary. It is featcd on the Gran, JO miles N of Ctiremnita. «« N CWTON, a Ixirougk of Lancaflji re, w!ch a market on baturd^ty, li^ve miles W of WairingU)n, and >i,o NW of London. NcvvTON, a borough in the lA? of W ghr, 14 miles S ut &3uclumpton, aiid C3, W by S of Londjn, N«wT0H, • town of Montgomery^- ihiie. With a market on Satutday ; fc*x\ the Neytra, 4a miles NEnf Pm. burg. Lon. 17 49 E, lat. 48 28 N. NcAN-KiNG-ruv, aiichcommer. cial city of China, capital of the W part oil the province of iviangnan. It has fix cities of the third clafs underiii juriidiitjon j is governed by a viceroy: and is dclended by a fjrt, (catdontiSt river Yang. ifekiaiig. 175 miles SW of Nan- king, L)n 1. 1 6 45 E, lat. 'a J5 N. NcAN-Lo rou, a rich and popM. bus city ot Chinay. in the piuvince .-i' HoN^quarig, containing, in its difttidt, two cities of the fecond and five of the third c!af>. It \% 425 miles WbjS ot Nan-king. Niagara, a river of N Ameriti, which forms the communicatipn b • tween lakes Erie andOntari.t, andruni from S to N 50 miles. At theen^ trance ai this river, on its E Ihjre, it Fort Niagara f and 18 miles further N are the falls of Niagara, reckoned thi greateft catara^); in the world. It rulhes, wit a(^onifhinggrandeur,(lowii a flupend'^u« precipice 140 feet per- pendicular J and' in a iiong rapid ch4 extends to the diftance of nine milri. beldw, falls near as much more. When the Water ftrikestbe bottom, itreboundi t>> a great hei^it, occaUoning a chicit cloud of vapours, on which the fun, wlien it Ihines, paints a beautiful rain' bow. Nib A NO, a town of I'aly, in the duchy o/ Parma, 1^7 miles W ot "iA' ma. Nicaragua, a fertile province of New Spain, in the audience otGu»ti» mala, bounded on the N by Honduras, on the £ by the Atlantic, on tbe!)£ by Cofta Rica, and on the SW by the Pacific Ocean. It is 400 miles from E to W, and lao from N to S. Tin air \% temperate and wbo'xii^ine } <«>i | vf^MXlilSM -s « »\*Mi\?:' NI C N : c ca. Lon. e of Staten ;. 54 46 S. ot Upper mty of tue fee i featel 'JEnfPM'. :. 48 li N. chcommer- J of the W angnant It lafs under ill jy a viceray ; If atid on the ' 5 miles SW ^^E, lat. -ja :h and pofi* le pi'uviiice .ves nan^ 10 the reit, ed to the king of Sardinia. In J79>, is 40 miles in length, and 15 iu it was conquered by the French. Icis breadth. Its^end is in lun. 94 23 36 miles long and i2 broad, and jcon- £• Iat. :8 o N. Uins ]2o,oco inhabitants. Nicolas, St. one of tiie moil Nice, an ancient and considerable confiderabk of the Cape de Vc^J iU city vf Italy, capiul ul a county of the lands, between St. Luc a and St. Ja^o. iame name, with a ciCadel, and a bi- It is 75 miles ui length. Lou. 24 iq limp's fee. it has been fevcral times W, iat. 16 jz N. 4jicen by the French, and lall of all in Nicolo, St. the moH coniideia. i]i)Z. It is.four miles from the mouth ble of the .lies of Trcmcti, iu the gutf W the Vai;, and ,83 S by W of Tuiiu. of Venice. It has a harbour, dcftuu- Xon. 7 17 E, Iat. 43 41 N. ed by a fortrefs, in which is an abbey N.ICE, a city of Afia. See Is- ^nA a church. Lon. 15 37 £, ]»u VIC. 42 10 N. -x!-. NiCHABURR, the largeft cltyln the Nicomedia, a commercial tcwn provir.ce uf Korafan, in Perfia, fa- of Natolia, now called iKhmikh, or mous for a neighbouring mine of Tur- Schmit. It was formerly a mu«.Ii quoile Hones. It is 37 miles from Mef- larger placf*, as appears by the (iae lathed. ' ruins. It contains 30,000 inhabitants, Nicholas, St, a town of France, who confifl of Gi^eks, Aiaieriiun:.,, inthe depnrtment of Meurthe, with a and Tuiks; it is the fee ot a Gri-.k. church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, to archbiOiop, and is 50 auki iiVi uf I »ui£bpi!|riins formerly leforted. Jt CoiiA4ntlc ,,:> ,4^^ ,jv,. ■ i NIE NIL Kic©pon, a town of Bulgaria, fa- mous f(ir the firft battle fought betwe«n the Turks and Chriftians in 1396, when the emperor Sigifmund loft the iNiy. -It is featcd on the Danube, 130 miles N'W of Adrianople. N7COPOLI, or GxANiSHy an an> eient town of Armenia, buiit by Pom- pey theXireat, in memory' of a vi^ory {;aineri over Mithridates. It is fented on theCerauna, 365 miles fromErzs- rum. Lon. 37 55 £> bt. 38 15 N. NxcosiA, a ftrong town of Afia, capital of the Ifland of Cyprus. It i« three miles in circumference; and there are plantations of olives, ain>ond8, lemons, ofangcs, mulberries,- and ey- prefs-treeS| interfperfed among the houfes. It is 100 miles W of Tripo- li, and 160 SW o^ Aleppo. Lon. 34 45 E, lat. 34 54 N. NicoTERA, a feaport of Naples, in Ctkbria Ulterior*, with a bishop's fee, 35 miles N£ of Reggio. Lon* «6 30 E, lat. 3S 34 N. NicoYA, a town of Kew Spain, feated oo the Pacific Ocean, at the 1>ott«m of a bay, 45 miles S£ of Nica- ragua. Lon. 88 o W, lat. 10 15 N. NiDAW, or Nioow, a town of Swiflferland. capital of a bailiwick of the famr name, in the canton of Bern, with a caftlc ; fituate on the lake of Bienne, 1 5 miles NW of Bern. NiEBLA, an ancient town of Spain, {n Andaiufia, feated on the Rio Tiuto, 40 miles W of Seville. NiEDERBisBxa, a village ofGer- many, in the principality of "Wied, l^ree miles from Neuwied. Many va> luable antiquities, and the traces of a Roman city, were difcovered here in 1791. NntMtce, a ftrong town of Mol- davia, between Sucroway and BraflTaw, 25 miles fron.' each. Lon. 26 16 £, lat. 46 58 N. Ni E M E N, a large river of Lithuania, which pafl(:s by Grodno ; and after running through Samogitia and £aftern PrufHa, falls into the arm of the fra, called the Cucifch-hafi', by feveral mouths. NiENBURo, a town in the duchy •f Biuaiwick-Lunenburg, vvitha ftroog caftJe, Tested on the Wefer, 30 mllci NW of Hanover. NiEN Closter, a town ofC«r» many, in the circle of Lower Saxony r.(id biihopric of Schwerin, three milei EofWifmar. NiENHUis, a town of Germany, in the biftopric of Padcrbern, feated on the Lippe,. 20 miies £ of Lipftadc. NiEPER. See Dnieper. NiESTABT, a town of Gemisny in the duchy of Mecklenburg, 15 milei S of Schwer.'n. N1E8TADT, a town of Germany, in the middle marehe of Brandenbnrg, feated on the Fiiyhre, 75 miles NE of Berlin. NiESTEn. See Dniester. NiEUPORT, a feaport of Auftrian Flanders, feated on the German Oceaoi at the mo>'th of the Yperlee. In 1383, it was burnt by the rebels of Ghent. In 1583, it was faken by the piinceof Parma. In 1606, prince Maurice gained here, a great viftory over the Spaniards. It has been taken and re. taken in the fubfequent wars 5 thelaft time hy the French in 1794. It is nine miles SW of Oftend, and 16 NE of Dunkirk. Lon. 2 45 £, lat. 51 Ni G ER , a river of Africa, very little known j but its courfe is from E to W, running S of the empire of Calhna, toward Tombudou, in the fands, on the S of which country it is fuppofed to be loft. The Africans have two names for this river ; Neel il Abned, or River of the Negroes, and Neel H Kibeer, or the Great River. They alfo term the Nile, Neel Shem ; that is, the Egyptian River ; fo that tlie term Neel, whence our Nile, is no« thing more than the appellative of Ri' ver, like Ganges or Sinde. NiKOPiNG, a town of Denirark, capital of the iflind ofFaifter, in the Baltic, with a ftiong fort, 55 milMSW of Copenhagen. Lon. i» 7 £> lat. 5450N. Nix OP INC, a town of Sweden, m Sudermania, 60 miles SW of Stock. holm. Nile, a great river of Aftic*. wluch rifcs at thefj ot of a high mw«- .,«k,1im( ders, feated on the Dender, with an bia,and then into Egypt, till it arrives abbey, 13 miles W of Brullels. at Cairo ; a little below which it di rid|S Niq, a fertile ifland of the Archipe- itfelf into two great branches, which, lago, to the S of Mania, anciently caU wth the Mediterranean Sea, fottn the ledlos. The inhabitants have beea ifland called the Delta. The ancients celebrated, by a v«ry intelligent travel- Kckoned 11 mouths of the Nile, of ler, 'for (he regularity o( their man- which feven were confiderable j but at ners, and the kindiets of their beha« piefent there are only two that are na- viour to ftrangecs, as well as to eacH vigable at all times } and thofi: are at other. Lon. ^5 35 W, lat 36 43 N. Rofetto and Damietta. The Nile over- NioRTf a town of France, in ths flowg regularly every year, from the department of the Two Sevres. Here ■iStbofJunetodiexyth of Sept. when are' manufa^ured druggets, and other it begins to d^creafe ; and th'^ fertility coarfe wqpUen goods } and their dry fweetmeats are much efteemed. It it aS miles NE of Rochellc. NiFHJK, the iargeft ifland of Ja« pan, 61 lO miles in length, and 150 ia breadth, it contains 55 provincety of Egypt depeni^S upon the overflowing ofthe Nile. During the inundation, the little towns, ftanding upon eminences, look like fo many iflands ; and they go from one to the other by boats. This inundation of the Nile is caufedby the and the chief town is Jeddo< periodical rains v/hich fall every year between the tropics, particularly in Abyffinia, which is full cf high mown-. tains. See Nig£«. NiMXGUEK, a larff commercial |jcity, capital of Dutcu Gueiderlaiid, wiih a citadel, an ancient palace, and feveral forts. It was more than once taken and retaken in this and the two [preceding centuries ; the laft time by I the French, it^ 1794. It is noted for the peace concluded here in 1679, and Lis feated on the Wahal, 35 miles SE l«f Utrecht. Lon. 5 45 £, lat. 51 1,5s N. KiNG-'KouE-rou, a city ofChi- NisHNEi-NovoooRoD, a4own of Ruflia, in the government of the fam« name, wiA a citadel, and an archi- •pifcopal .fee f fituate on a mountaia, at the confluence of the Volga and Occa, a8o niies £ by N of Mofcow« Lon. 46 30 E, lat. 56 34 N. NisiBZN, or Nx^BiN, a once flouriihing, hut now decayed town of Diarbeck, 70 miles SW of Diarbekar. NisiTA, an ifland on the coaft of Naples. It is very fertile, and would be more fo but for the great number of rabbits. It has a harbour, called For* to Pavone. Ni8M«B, aflouriftingcityofFrance, na,in the province of Kiang-nan, noted in the departmrnt of Gard, with a bi- f;r its manufactories of paper, made of Ihop'sfee. Here are fln« monuments a fpecies of reed } and containing, in of antiquity, of which the Roman iu diftrift, fix cities of the third cl;ifs. amphitheatre is the principal. Nifmes NiNG-po rou, called by tlie Eu- was taken by the Engiifli in 7i4i7« npeans LiAMPO, an excellent feaport The inhabitants were all Calvinifls) of China, in the province of Tche- but Lewis XI Vdemolifhed iheirchuch, in 1(185, and built a cartie to keep them in awe. The population of Nilmes is computed at near 50,000* It is I a miles NW of Aries, and 75 NE of Narbonne. Lon. 4 %b £, lat. 43 5» N. N188A, or Nessava, a town «of Ikiang, The fijks manufadtured here lare nauch efteemed in foreign countries, jefpccially in Japan, where they are ex- clianged by the Chinefe for copper, gold, land I Ivcr. Ning-po-fou has four cities lunder its jurifdiftion, befide a great [number of fortreffes, and is feated on Mi £ coaft, oppofite Japan, 8^0 miies Scrvia, f«ced «n the Morava. It was 7:^.4,^4, «i«*n KOG %arvt \ry the imperialifts in t6?9, and is }c> miles £ oi Precop, ar.U 120 S£ 01 K«vii-Seine, a town of France, in the department of Aub?, liated on tlie Seine, 15 miles NW of Troycs. NocENT lE-RoTEou, a town of France, iii the department of £ure and Loiie, feated on the Huifne, 35 tntles NF. of M 'ins. ^l)IR, Cafz, at the S cxtxemity NOR of Tlerra d"! Fuego. Lon. 7* iW lat. 54 32 S. NoiRMot'TiER^ a town of Frarf* capital of an ifland of the fame mme, at the niourh of the Loire. This ifland is 17 miles in length, and eight in breadth. Lon. 1 10 W, lat. 47 oN. Not A, an ancient town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, with a biHop's fee, 10 miles NE of Naples. Noli ,^ a feaport in the territorvof Genoa, with a biihop's fee, five iriihs NE of Final, and 30 SW of Genoa, Lon. 8 4r £, lac. 44 iS N. NoMESE 0£-Dios, a tcwn cf Terra Firma Proper, £ of Porto Belin, to which its once flourifliing trade h-'j been long transferred. Lon. 78 jj W, lat. 9 40 N. NoMENY, a town of Francp, in the department of Meurthe, fia.edoj the Selle, 1 5 miles N of Nar.ci. NoN, Cape, a promontory rf Africa, oppolite the Canary llland!, The Porftjgucfe, in their firft attcmp;! to explore the W coaft of Africa, kg confidered this promontory a« an in)> paflable boundai y. Thi« i;s name im- ports; but they doubled it, at lall, in 1412. Lon. 10 30 W, lat. 28 30 N, Nona, a ftrong town of Hungariai Dalmatia, with a bidiop's lee. Icii feated neju* the fea, fevtn miles N hj W of Zara. Noon DEN, a confiderable town if Weftphalii), la miles N of Embciet. NooTKA. See King Geosgei Sound. NoAciA, a town of Italy, in tli; duchy of Spoletto. It is a kind of ic- public, and is feated among the mour^ tainr, 20 miles SE of Spoletto. Not DC AW. See BAVARiA)Ur< PER Palatinate of. NoRDHAUSEN, an imperial town! of Germany, in the circle of Lowrr Saxony, under the prote^ion ot the I eledtnr of Saxony. It is 45 milesSWj of Ha'.berftadt. Lon. ii 3 E, U] NoRDKiopiNG, atownof Swedfli, in £ Gothland. Ii is lomileiincii*] cumference; but the hogfcs are fa* tcred, and the inhabitants ilonotcfl oneciry, 32 marki NOR NOR ;3^. ?rar.f», : nanif, is illiiid :igbt 'ii ^T oN. Naples, bifliop'j rritory of ive mil':! ( Genoa, tcwn cf wto Btlin, tniJe b/j n. 7» 35 Francf, in :, fia.tdos ar.ci. Tiontofy !"{ arv 10.an« la kind ot It' i| the mo«r# bietto. Lperial town I Jcle of lo*« ijmilesSW 11 3 ^'''M ,nofS«ti«n.[ ,niileiinci"j af« art to* ceed 10,000 It has many manufa£Vo- tTie S Pacific Ocean, lying E of New ries of doth, a btafs foundry, &c ; S Wales, and f,;ttlcd by a cobny of and is feated on the Motaia, whick is coiividts, fuborulnate to that govern- hcie navigable fo» fmall veflels, 90 ment. The foil, wlitn cleared, m^y mi es SVV of Stockholm. be rendered very produtiive ; and the KoRDLAND, a province of North- air is very wholefome, although, in «n Norwjy, included in tlic govern- fu timer, the heat is exceflive. The mcntof Drontheim. fettlement is formed in Sydney Ray- NordMngen, a free imperial and on the S fide of theifland, in Ion. 16S commercijl town of Suabia, feated on 12 E, be. 29 4 S. tiie Aigre, 38 miles NW of Augfburg. I'm. II 49 E, lal. 4S 52 N. NonnsTRANn, an ifland in the duchy of Slefwick, which was entire- ly' overflowed in 1634. Lon. 9 15 E, lit. 54. 40 N. NoRFOLr., a county of England, bounded on the N and E by the Ger- NoRLANn, one of the five general divifions of Sweden, comprehending the provinces of Geftrikeland, Hel- fingland, Mcdeipadia, HIemtland, FJeijedalia, Ongermania, and Well B )thn!a. Normandy, a late province of France, bounded on the N by the man Ocean ; on the W by Cambridge- Englifh Channel j on the E by PicaiJy ihirf, L'.ncolnfliire, and the Walh ; and the Ifle of France j on the S by iinJ on the S and SE by Suffolk. It Perche, Maine, and Bretagne ; an(i exuiiils 7 7 miles from E to W, and 45 on the W by the Atlantic. It now forms fiom N to S; contains 31 hundreds, the departments of Calvados, Eure, one ciry, paiillu'Sj 32 market- towns, and 660 the Channel, Orne, ?nd Lower Seine. and lends 12 mcmbeis to Norkistovis', the county-icwa pinument. Its produfts vary accord- of Montgomeiy, in Fennfylvania, frat- ing to the fol and lituution. The ed on the river Skuykili. Lon. 75 24 lighler arable lands produce barky : W, lat. 40 7 N. wheat is cultivated in the ftronger North, the department of the, fails; but turnii-s are more generally in France, including the late French grcwri here than in any other part of ptovihces of Hainault, Flanders, and the kingdom, and form the bafas of the Cambrefis. tlie Norfolk hufbandry. The peculiar Northallerton, a borough excellence of this culture is, that the in the N riding of Yorkftjirc, with a ground never lies fallow, as the turn- market on Wednefday. It is feated ips ferve to prepare it for corn, befide on a brook, 30 miles NNW of York, fattening great numbers of cattle, and 223 N by W of London. Lon. i The Fenny parts yield great quantities 20 W, lat. 5423 N. of bucter, which is fent to London Northampton, a county of .under the name of Cambridge butter. Pfennfylvania, 11 1 miles long, and 35 The iheep are a hardy fmall breed, broad. In 1790, it contained 24,250 uch valued for their mutton. Tur- inhabitants. Eafton is tlic capital, ics are reared here to a larger lize Northampton, thccounty-towa ihan elf^where. The air is (harp and of Northamptonfhire, with u niaikct iercing, which throws the feifons on Saturday. It is feated on thi> Nen, ore backward than in other counties which has been made navignblt l\> jindor the fame latitude} but it is Lynn. Its principal manufadlurc is lery wholefomc. The manufadtures that of boots and fhoes, for exporta- |t Norfolk arc worftcd, woollen, and tion. Its horfe fairs arc greatly rcfor!:- piks. Norwich is the capital. ed to. It is a handfome town, and NonroLK, the mofl: populous town has a fpa^ious market-place. It had iViigiiiia, on James River, 105 (even churches, which arc now rcdu- nl« SE ot Richmond. Lon. 76 25 ccd to four. It was almoft entirely ') lat. 35 40 N. deftroyedby five, in 1675, butwasfooii f^oRFOiK, Island, an Uland in rebuilt, h fends two members t« S •/■• NOR 'Jflrllatnent, and" has a good county in- ifirmary. Near this town a battle was taught, in 1460, between Henry VI and the Yorkifts, in which the former was defeated and made prifoner.9 and near it is a fine Gothic ftruiture, c.;l- Icd Queen's Crofs, ere^ed by Edward J, in memory of 'his queen Eleanor. This town is ■30 miles SE of Coventry, and 66 NW of London. Lon. t 11 "W, lat. 5Z II N. NoRTHAMrTONSHiRi;, a county of England, bounded on the NW by •Leicefterfliire and Rutlandihire ; on d cattle. It is 1 2 miles 5VV ol Banbury, and 74 NW of Lmdon, KoHTON Sound, an inletof ll« fca, on the W coalt of N AmtM dtfciiv vov.-)i(( 55 N. •Noi hjundv Sci, or Swede r gitejei lat. 58 ^ hj bn's< from 3 c into the or CJiril] and Otoi culatcd tl 750,000, ducc fufi f'imptirjn, pi/ture, a ^Aeries / ^r the n; f'tiiors f )r P^rts of ; fait, dried i^oyfes and Pruffi.!n b! way WPS fo hereditary 1 ^'Jgnusun doms of S was fuccecj ^^'•iy hy his flic celebra decejfe, in to Denmark •^yi'ig '.vitho W'-'s riifed ^^■atfi, it de/ Sweden, to Was afterw,ir ''y the valoi. Norvvjy cojin '^'1'" capital c-ipit.il of ]Nj;, "1 W(dne(;i, ^t WMs/urrou ""w m.jcli de flit Yare, w 's navi^^abip l'ck.9. Altl '="f. the po. '"'«''t be ex nuiiib-rof^-i *n fhc walis. .^.^.t),,4 ,y isthecapM. AND, a town of in the angle term- . of the W and E ufquihannjh. P't 1 1 1 jSmiles^NVot'l tovvnofClKlWrejl rlclAy. Uisfcatel •rhlei^y '-ofAtn .Vlpitsoffolidtock . here to a great i> immeofc qu^""-! „thw>chisa'^."^'" „T.P,KO^JORTON.I If Oxtordlhlte. ^'l ItisunVilesS^Vo'l I W of L'lndnn. ...p, an inlet of'™ aifowercd by captain Cook in his hfl wv.ii^e. Lon. 1&2 47 W, lut. 64 ■Norway, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on ilic N and W by th-j North Sci, on the£ by Swcdilh Lapiand and SwsJen, and on the S by the Gate-, gite; eitCeiiding from Cape Lindenasiii lat. 58 o, to the N Cape in lit. 71 10. Its bn-sdch, whi>.h is very uneijual, is from 30 to 280 miles. It is divided into the governments of Aggerhuys or Chriftia'iia, ChiiH-ianfuid, Bergen, and Drontheim. Mr. Coxe has cal- culated thi number of inhabitant-; to be 750,000. The country does not pro- duce fufncient corn for its own con- f'jmptlon, but it is exceedingly rich in pillute, and fu'cds much cattle. The Cilleries find employment and wealth fox the natives, and fupply ihe fineft failnrs for the DanUh fleet. The ex- ports of Norway are tallow, butter, fait, dried fiih, timber ai»d planks, boifes and horned cattle, Ci.vcr, alu.io, Prulfiin blue, copper and iron. Nor- way was formcrl) governed by its own hereditary fovcreigns. In 1319, Magnus united in his pr;rfon the king- doms of Sweden and Norway. He was fucceeded in the kingdom of Nor- way by his fon Hagen VI, hufband of tire celebrated Margaret; and, at his deceafe, in 1380, Norway was united to Denmark by their fon Olof V, who dying without ilfue, Margaret herfelf wjs raifed to the throne. On her death, it defccndtd ^ with Denmark and Sweden, to her nephew Eric. Sweden was afcerward feparated fri.m Denmark by the valour ofGuftavus Vafa ; hut Norway continues united to Denmark, The capital is Chriitiana. Norwich, an ancient city, the capital ot Noifolk, v/ith three markets, on \V;:dnefviay, Friday, and Saturd.iy, It vv;i3futioundtd by a flmt-ltone wall, now much deciyrcl. It is feated on tlk Yjie, which runs through iv, and is navigable to Ynmouth, without locks. Although of confiderablc ex- tent, the population is not fo great as might be expefted, as it contains a nan)b-r of gndens and orchards with- in the walls. It is a city and county of Itfcif; fends two members to par- liament; and is gove.ned by a mayor, recorder, ftcward, two flieritFa, 24 al- dermen, 60 common council-men, &c. There are, befiJc the catheawrence 5 on the E by tlie gulf of that name 3 ^nd on the b by the At- NOV lantlc and bay of Fundy ; being fo In- dented by the latter, that 'ts ea(Vern part forms a pcninfula. Ic extends from Cape Sable, its moft foutheni point, in lat. 43 23 to 49 30 JJ. n-i^ frond 60 15 to 67 o W l<.n. In 178 ^, pact of this country was formed into a new province. See New Bruns> WICK. The atmofphere, for a great part of the year, is clouded with a thick fog, which renders it unhealthy j and, for four or five months, it is in- tenfely cold. A great part of the country lies in foreftj and. the foil (except on the banks of the rivers) i« thin and barren. Halifax is the capi. tal. NovetLARA, a town of Italy, ca. pital of a diftritl of the fame name, with a caille, where their fovercign re- fides. It is 17 miles E by N of Par- ma. Lon. II 4 £, lat. 44 48 N. Nevi, a town of Italy, in the ter- ritory of Genoa, 22 miles NW of Genoa. Novi Bazar, a confiderable town of Servia On the 21ft of September, 1788, the Auftrians attempted d ci into a Bruns- K a great 1 with a ihealthy } , it is in- rt of the I. the foil ; rivers) i« s the capi- f Italy, ca- ime name, )vcrcign re- I N of Par- in the ter- les NW of derable town f September, npted to take mlfed : they le third of is feated WofNiffa, )VI town of Up- countyofthe p, feated on a uhp, 25 mib town of a'caftle, feat- name, near miles NW of place of Ser- lube, 35 n"j'''* of Alia. See in the moll an- the govcrn- It was for- ^ogovod, to dif [Ruffian towni . It was, for ■d by its owa Nor dukes ) and was, in fa£l, a republic rnder the jurifdidlion of a nominal fovereign. It was the great mart of trade between RufTta and the Hanfeatic cities. Its territory extended to the N as far as the frontiers of Livodia and Finland j ccraprifing great part of the province of Archangel, and a large diftria beyond the NWlimits of Sibe- ria. Its power was fo great, and its fitiiatlon fo- impregnable, as to give rife to a proverb, « Who can rcfift the gods and Great Novogoiod ?' But, in 1570, it was obliged to fubmit to Ivan ValTilivitch II, grand duke of Ruffia, by whofe cruelties it was fir^ defolated, altliough' its fplcndour was not totally edipied until Peter the Great built Peteifburg, to which he transferred all the commerce of the Baltic that had before centered here. It now contains ilcarce 7000 fouls ; but a vaft number of chuiches and convents ftand melan- choiy monuments of its former popu" lation and magnilicence. The town ftrecches on both fides of the Vollcoft', which Separates it into two divifions ; nameiy, the Trading Part and th« quarter of St. Sophia. Novogorod ic- ^tuate near lake I! men, 125 miles S by £ of Peterlburg. Lon* yi 45 £> k 58 20 N. NovoGoxoD, once a powerful in- depciid^'nt republic, finally reduced and unitetl in 1570, to the RufiVan emplTe, of which it now forms a go^ Ternmcnt. NovoGORODsoK, a town of Li- thuania, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, 70 miles S of Wilna* Lon. 26 8 E, Ian 53 35 N. NovoGOROD Severskoij a go- wrnment of the Ruilian empire, being part of the Ukraine, or Little Ruflia. Its capital, of the fume name, is feat- ed on the Defna; NoYA, an ancient town of Spain, in Galicia, feated on the Tamara, 1 5 miles W of Compoftelia. NoYRRs, a town of France, in the department of Yonne, feated on the Serin, 17 miles SE of Auxere. No YON, an ancient town of France, in the department of Qife. It was lately an epifcopal fee -, io funous as KXJK the birthplace of Calvin, and is feated' near theOire,22 miles NWof Soiffons^ and 60 N by E of Paris. NozERov, a town of France, iiv the department of Jura, with a caftle. It is feated on a mountain, 30 miles S* cf Befirjon. Nubia, or Sennar, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the N by Egypty^ on the E by the Red Sea, on the S by Abyflinia, and on the W by Bournou. The Nile runs through it ; on the banks of which, and of the other rivers, it is fruitful j but, in other places, barren, findy, and deftitute of water. Its produft ions are gold, elephants teeth, civet, and fandal wood ; and they fend a i^reat many flaves into Egypt. The principal towns known to the Euro*. peans are Dangola and Sennar. NijistraSegnora delaVic- TOR.IA, or Tabasco, a town of New Spain, in the province of Tabafco,. and on the bay of Campeachy, Lon* 92 55 W, lat. 18 o N. N u I T z , a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, famous for its exccllfnt wines, and feated at the foot of a mountain, 15 miles SW of Dijon, and 1 50 SE of Paris. NuMANCiA, anciently a conflde- rable town of Spain, in Old Caftilef celebrated for the long fiege it main* tained againft the Romans, who finally fitbdued and deflroyed it, in the year J33 B. C. The ruins of itare ftiil to be feen at Puente-Guarar, on the river Douerj. Lou. 2 26 W, lat. 4T 41 N. Nuneaton, a town of Warwick- Aire, with a market on Saturday. It' is feated on the river Ankur, eight miles N by E of Coventry, and 99 NNW of London. NuMEHAM, a village, five mileB' E by S of Oxford 5 remarkable for it*- Spinning Feaft, an annual feftival, in- ftituted by lord and lady Hat court, for the encouragement of virtue and induf-^ try. Nursmburg, a free imperial city of Germany, capital of the circle of- Franconia, with a univeriity. It is fix miles in circumference, furround- cd by high walls. The Pegnit», ove» OAK OC^ which are 12 ftone bridges, runs through the middle, and divides it into two parts. Nuremburg, in procefs of time, has obtained a terri- tory, 100 miles in circumference. It is feated aJmoft in the rentre of Germany, 5^ miles NW of RatiT- bon, and 250 W by N of Vienna. Lon. II 12 E, lat. 49 27 N. NuYS, a town of Germany, in the •letlorate of Colognr, feated on the Irfft, five miles SVV of Duffeldorf, and 20 N W of Cologne. It was taken by tne French in 1794. Nyiand, a province of Sweden, Sn Finland, lying on the gulf of Fin- land, to the W of Carclia. Nyon, a commercial town of SwilTerland, in the l*aysde Vaud, ca- pital of a bailiwic of th: fame name, with a caftle. There are fome Roman wifcriptions here,, and it is feated near the lake of Geneva, 10 miles from that city* Lon. 6 12 £> lat. 46 a N. Nyons, a town of France, in the department of Diomc, feated at the loot of a chain of mountains, on the liver Aigues, with a lofty bridge of one arch, the woik of the Romans. Here is a mineral fpring, named Pon- t'lasy and fome manuFa£kiries of foap and woollen ftuft';>. It is eight miles NWofBuis. Nyslot, a Arong towtn of RufHa) in the government of Livonia, with a caftle; feated oa the Narova, 20 miles SVV of Narva, and 60 N of Wi- burgh. Nystadt, a town of Sweden,, in Finland. A peace was concluded here, in 1 72 1, between the emperor of Ruflia and the king of Sweden. It is feated on a bay of the gulf of Bothnia, 55 miles NW of Abo. Lon. 21 i £, lat. 61 10 N. o QAKHAMPTON, a borongh of Devonfliire, with a market on Sa- turday, feated on the river Oke, 24 miles W of Exeter, and 195 W by S «f Londoiit Oaks Crkzk. Sec CANiADr- KAGO. Oban, avillageof Argylefliire, on the feacoaft, to the S of Loch Etive. Here is an excellent fiihing Aation, with a cuftomhoufe. Oboach, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Stiria; feated at the con* fluence of the Achza and Traun, 33 miles W of Gratz. OB£RKiftCH, a town and caftleof France, in the department of Lower Rhne, three miles from Strafburg, to whole late archbiiliop it belonged, Oberndorf, a townof Suabia, in the Black Foreft, fobjeft to the houfe of Auftria. It is divided into th« Upper and Lower Town y and is feat- ed on the Neckar. Lon. 8 45 £, lat. 48 25 N. Obernperg,. a town of Bavaria, with a caftle, feated on the Inn, ij miles S of Pailau> to whofe biihop it belongs. Obersteim, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, capital of a county of the fume name. It it feated on the Nahe, 30 miles E by S of Treves. Lon. 7 26 E, lat. 4944 N. Obzrw-esec', a town of Germany, in the eledlorate of Treves, formerly imperial. It was taken by the French^ in 1794, and is feated on the Rhine, 40 miles ENE of Treves* Obollah^ a ftrong towncflrac Agemi, feated on a branch of the Ti« gris, near Buffarah. Obskaya, a bay of the Fiozen Ocean, in Afia. Lon. 71 25 £, lab 70 o N. Oby, .a river of Afiatic Ruflia^ which joins the Irtyfli, near Tobollk, and fails into the bay of Oblkaya. Ogano, a town of Spain, in Ne\» Caftile, 18 miles E of Toledo. OcHiLS, the name of fome ver- dant Ml' of Perthfliire, lying S of Stratheaii . OcHSE^EURT, a town of Germa. ny, in the bilhopric of Wurtzburg; feated on the M?ine, 10 miles SEof Wurtzburg. OccA, a river of Ruflia, which falls into the Volga, nearNifhnei Ng. vogorod* H»|*0\*< ■■.'*? . .''^fT'T^'- •Xf'jTt',:^: ^» u 0E9 OcttfL, a river of the duchy of Brunfwick, which runs by Guflar, Wolfcnbuttlc, and Brunfwicky and tails into the Aller E of Zell OCZAKOW^ OrOczAKOFF, 4 tOWIl and forirefs, lately of Turkey th fides, h ive fjllen in the diiTerent fieges it has un- dergone. It was taken by ilorm by the Rulfians, in 17S8, and CDnfi.msd to Ruliii, by '' ■: l'ubft'(juciit peace. It isft-atcd sf .1- mouh ofcl\c Di.icpcr, ppp.) ite . .inbiirn, 50 miles W of Clicrlbn, and 190 N by E of Conftan tiiioplc. Ljn, ^O- 50 £} lUt. 46 ijo N. Odenses, an ancient to'vn of Denaiiik, Cupital of tht; ifle of Funeii with a bilhop's fee j feated on a fnaall fiver, two inles from the bay of bteg- eilrand, and 75 W of Copenhagen. Oder, a nverofSilefia, wh-ch runs intoBraiidnbug and Pv.merania, where (ifter havii-g watered feveral towns) it tbrm& a large lake, antt falls into the Baltic, by three mouths , between which lie the idands of Ufcdon> and WoUin. Oder, a town ofSilefia, feated at thi.' fuurce of the Odei, 16 miles bW- of Trnppaw. Oderburg, a town of Sllefia, near the confluence of the Oder and Ella, 10 miles above Ratibor. Odernhkim, a town nf Germa- ny, in the palatin-ite of the Rhine, felted on the Selcz, 20 miles S of NLintz, Odiham, a corporate town of Hamplhire, with a market on Satur- day, 24 miles NE of Winchcfter, and 42 W by S of London. Oeland, a f'rtlle ifland of Sweden, onthecnaft of Gothland. It is 84 miles long, but not more than nine broad. OiLFELD, a town in the duchy of Magdeburg, feated on the Aller, 25 miles E of Brunfwick. Oesel, an ifland of the Baltic, at tl- iJilrante o£ the julf of Riga, ore three mDes S of the ifle of Dago. Jf- is 74 miles lon^, and 50 broad, and is defended by two forts. It formerly belonged to Denmark, but now to Ruflia. OzTirrc, a toA'n of Upper Bava- ria. It is divided into the Upper and^ Lower town, and fuatcd on the Inn, eight miles NW of Burkhaufen. Oeting, orOETirTGEN, a towa of Suabia, capital of a county of the fime name; foucd on the Wirnitz, 3^ miles NW of l-^gJItadt, Lon. 10- 40 E, lat. 4S 58 Nv Of fa's, Dikl, an entrenchnr'nt caft I p by Ofta, a Saxnn king, ' fend England againft the incur. of the Wc Ih. Ir ru:5s throngh t-lcrcfnrd- fliire, Shvoplairc, Montgfjmcrylhirc,- Dejibiglifhiie, and Flintlhirc. OrFaNTo, a riverof Naples, whlcli r'fcs in the Appenni;ics; palTes by Cjiiza and Monte Verde ; feparatea Capitanata from Bafilicata and Terra- di Bari J and falls into the gulf of Ve- nice, near Barletta, E is the ancient AufiJus. Offenbach, a town of Germa- ny, in t'ie circle of Franconia, feated on the Maine, five miles E of Franc- fort. Offenburg, an imperial town ofSuabia, under the proteftion of the houfe of Aultria, icated on tlieKint- zlg, iz miles SE of Stratlburg, and- 28 S of Baden. Offida, a town of Italy, in the marquifate of Ancona, 26 miles S of Lorettn. Oheteroa, an ifland in the S; Pacific Ocean, 13 miles in circuit. Thougl; neither fo populous nor fer- tile as tht iflands to the N of ir, ita manufitlnres are of a fuperior kind.. Lon. 15047 W, lat. 22 27 S. Ohio, a river of N America^ which has its fource in the Allegany mountains, and is called the Allegany, till its junction with the Monongahela at Fort Pitt, when it receives the na^oie of Ohio. It falls into the MiiliHippi, in about 36° N lat. OicH, Loch, a lake of luvernefs- fliirc, extending four miles from E to W. It contains fome. little woodcA S4 ■^ i -.J.^AiU«ij:J.j.i.:ij«2.'Ja'...'>iii-.^-Vt'-> OLI> CLN iffands ; anA its waters flow tfirough Locli Nefs into the frith cf Murray. OiRA, an ancient town of Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, with abi/hop'sfee, and an old caflle. It is feated at the foot of the Appennines, ao miles NE of Tarentn. GirAKS, a town of France, in the department oflfere, a8 miles SE of Grenoble, Oiss, a department of France, in- cluding part of the )ate province of the Ifle of France. It takes its name /fom a river, which has it fnurce in the Ardennes, and falls into the Seine rear Pontoifc. Beuuvais is the capi- tal. OxEHAM, thecountt townofRut- landihise, with a market on Saturday, 28 milfes S by E c f Ncittingham, and 9S N by W of London, Lon. 046 "W, lat. 5a 41 N. OklNGHAM, OrWoKlNCHAM, a fown of Berkfliire, with a market on Tuefday, eight miles SE of Reading, and 32 W oi Lontlon. v)lcoTzK, one of the four provinces of the Ruffian government of Irkutzk. Its capital of the fame name, is feated at the mouth of the Okota, in a bay cfihe Eaftern Ocean. Oldknburg, a county of Weft- phalia, bounded on the W by Eaft Frief- Jandj on the S by ihe biihoprc of Man- ftcr, on the E by the county of Delmen- horft and the duchy of Bremen, and on the N by the German Ocean. It is 45 miles lopg, and 22 broad. Oldenburg, a town of Weftpha- Jia, ciipital of a county of the fame jiaii.e. It is noted for its horfes, and is ("eated on the Hunta, aa miles W of J-remen, and 45 SEof Embden. Lon.. 8 8 E, lat. 53 7 N, Oldenburg, a town in the duchy of HoJftein, feated near the Baltic, 30 ini:es N of Lubec. Oldekdorf, a town in the duchy of Lunenburg, feated on tlie Wcnavv and Efca, Lon. lo 35 E, lat. 53 16 N. Clpendorf, a town of Germany, in tlie circle of Weftphalia, feated on tlie Wcfer, fix n ilcs S of Schawenbiiig. OLD£^^££t, a town of the Uni- ted Provinces, in Overyffcl, 30 miles E of Deventer. OtDESLo, a town in the duchy of Holrtcin, feated on the Trave, 17 miles W of Lubec, arid 25 NE of Hamburg, OtERON, an ifle of France, fivj miles from the coafts of Aunis and Saintonge. It is 30 miles in circum- ference ; is populous and fertile ; and J! defended by a caftle. In the reign of Richard I, this ifli^nd was pan of the pofleflions of the crown of England : and hp?c thnt monarch compiled tfit cods of maritime laws, called the Lm of Oleron. Lon i 20 W, lat. 46 3 N, Oleron, a town of France, in the department of Lower Pyrenees and late province of Btarn, with a biftop's fee. It is feated on the Gave, 10 milet SW of Pau. OcECKc, a town of Poland, iit Volhinia, 56 miles SW of Lucko. Olika, a town of Poland, in Vol- hinia, with a citadel. Lon, 26 g £, lat. 51 15 N. Oli-nba, afes^ortofBrafil, feattd on the Atlantic. It Was taken by the Dutch in 1630, but the Portuguefe retook it, Lon. 3 J o W, ht. 8 13S, Olita, a town of Spain, in Na« varre (formerly a royal refidence) 29 miles N of Tudelai GtiVA, a celebrated monaftery of Weftcrn Pruflia, three miles W of Dantzic. It is remarkable for the peace concluded in 1660, between the emperor and the kings of Sweden andi Poland. Olivenza, a ftrong town of Por- tugal, in Aientejo, feated near the Guadiana, 13 miles S of Elvas. Olmedo, a town of Spain, in Old Caftilc, feateil on the Adaja, 30 miles S of Valladolid. Olmutz, a commercial town of Moravia, with a bilhnp's fee, and 1 univerfity. It was taken by the king of Pruflia, in 1741. In 1(758, he be fieged it again ; but was obiiged to raife the fiege. It is feated on the Morava, 80 miles N by E of Vienna, Lon» 17 35 E, lat. 49 a6 N. OtNEV, a town of Bucks, with a market on Monday, and a confide- rable manufaftore of bonclace. It is ■■Vf 1l^*j '•; *i «^ *\ ♦\'1\ ffel, 30 nillcs n the duchy of 'rave, 17 miles E of Hamburg if France, five of Aunis and lies in circum- nd fertile ; and . In the reign I was part of the n of England; h compiled rtii called the Laws ff, lat. 46 3 N. if France, in the 'yrenees and late viih a bilhop'j ^Gave, lonilet of Poland, la W of Lucko. Poland, in Vol- Lent 26 8 £| rof Brafil, featei was taken by the : the Portugucfe b W, Ut.SijS. if Spain, in Na- refidence) 2) ee monaftery of miles W of arkabie for the 60, between the of Sweden andi mg town ofPor- feated neat the ; of Elvas. of Spain, in Old Adaja, 30 miles Briercial town of p's fee, and a ken by the king In 1758, he be- as obliged to raife on the Morava, Vienna, Lon* of Bucks, with and a confide- bonclacet it is OMM featcd on the Oufe, la mliss SE of Northampton, and 56 NNW of Lon. don. OlonX) an* ifland, town^ caftle, and harbour of France, in the depart- ment of Vendee, 30 miles N W of Ro- chelle, and 258 SW of Paris. Lon. 1 43 W, lar. 46 30 N. Olonktz, a town of Ruffia, fa- mous tor its mines of iron and mineral water. It is feated in the government of the fame name, on the Olonsa, which falls into lake Ladoga. Ljn* 3420 £, lat. 61 26 N. OtoNKTz, % government of Ruf- lla, included formerly in the govern- ment of Novogorod. Olse, a lirong town of Siielia, with a caftle, 17 miles NE of Bref- laiv. Olsnitz, a town of Germany, in the territory of Voigtiand, feated on the Elfter, 60 miles SW of Drefden. Olten, a town of Swiflerland^ ca- pital of a bailiwic in the«canton of Sjieure. It is dependent on the biihnp of B.'tfle, and is feated a little to the N of the Aar^ between Arberg and A- Olympus, a mountain of Natolia, one of the higherft in all Ada j the top of it is always covered with fnovv. Ombronx, a river of Italy, which rifes in the Siennefe, and falls into the Mediterranean. Ombronx, a town of Italy,, in the Siennefe, three miles S of Grofletto, b<:tween the river Ombrone and lake Caftigliano. O.MEGNA, a town in the duchy of Milan, and in the Novirefe, with a ciftie, about five miles N ot' Orta. Omer, St. a fortified, large, and populous town of France, in tht de- partment of the Straits of Calais. It was anciently a villajp, called Sithicii, and owes its prefervt iivime and import- ance to a faint, who built a moriaflery herein the feventh century. In 1677, it was taken by the Fiench, and was confirmed to them by the treaty of Kimeguen. It is feared on the Aa, on the iide of a hill, eight miJLS NW ofAirPy and 135 Not Paris. O.MM sN, a tjwa of the United Pre- ^ ONG v'rtcej, in OteryfTcJ, feated on thr Vecht, 17 miles NE of Dcvenler. Ommenburc, a ftrongtownof the German electorate of Mentz, feated on the Otbern, nine miles SE of Mar-- putg. Ommirabih, a river ofMorocco^. which feparates that kingdom from Fcz^ and^ entering the Atlantic, forms a ca;» pacious bay on the E fide of Azamor. Onandaoo, or Salt Laks, a fmall lake of N America, in the ftate of New York. It empties itfelf into' the river Seneca, foon after its junc- tion with the river Onandago, and is* 25 miles from lake Oneida. From the water of this lake the Onandagos- (a tribe of Indians) make their fait. Onano, a town of Italy, in Orvi--- eto, feated between Acquapendente' and Petigliano, five miles from each. On s EH BOW, one of the Sandwich iflanda in the N Pacific Ocean, five- leagues W of Atooi. Lan. 1 6 1 o W,. lat. 21 50 N. Onega, a river and lake of RuHiv in the government of Olonetz. It is» 100 miles long, and 46 broad, and has a communication with lake Ladoga* The river gives name to a country full of woods, and falls into the White Sea, On-eglia, a principality of Italy» furrounded by the territory of Genoa^ but fubje a feaport, on the coaft of Mahibar« 398 miles S by E of' Bom- bay. Lon. 7445 £r iat. 14 10 N. Onoth, a town of Hungary, ^o miles N£ of Ddda; Okrvst, a ^nali ifland, at the mouth of the harWuur of Batavia, where the Dutch build and careen their fliips. Ontario, alakeofN America, fituate between 71 and 74° W lon. and 41 and 45° N lat. On its S fnie. it receives the waters of lake Erie, by the river Niagara. It is 6co miles Jo circumference, and abounds wlh fifh of an excellent flavour. Near the SE part it receives the river Ofwego ; and on the NE its waters enter the ri- ver Iroquois. OoDooANur.i-AH, atovvn of Ben- gal, on the W bank ot the Ganges, once the feat d" the govtrniriCiit of Bengal. Here is an elegant bridge over the Ganges, famous for tlic vic- tory gained over MccrCoffim, in 1764, by mnjor Adams. Oodooanullah is ?2 miles N by W of Moorfliedabad, Lon. 87 5? E, l,t. 44 58 N. OoNAt.ASHKA, onc of the iflands of the Northern Aichipelago, the na- tives of which have been much poliih- ed by the Rifli.ins, who now keep them, in a ftate of fubje£lion. When captain Cook vifited them in his lull voyage, they did not appear to be very deHrous of iron,, nor to want any other jnftrument, except fcwing needles, their own l>cing fbrraed of bone. With thefc they few their canoes, and make tbeir clothes, and alfo work very cu- rious embroidery. They ufe, inftead of thread, the fibres of plants, which tliey fplit to the thicknefs required. All fewing is pirformcd by the females, who ar; flioe makers, tailors, and boat> builders. They manufadture mats, aud balkets of grafs, which are both flrong and beautiful. There is, in- deed, a ncatnefs and pcrfcdlion in moft of their works, that (hows they are de- ficient neither in ingenuity nor perfe- vcrance. Lon. 165 o W, lat, 53 5 OcRoop and Ooshbsheek. See RURILES. OosTBORCH, a town and fort of Dutch Flanders, in the ifle of Cad* fand, four mites N£ of Sluys. OosTENBY, a town of Swsden,^ in the iOeof Oeland, 27 miles S of Boric- holm. Oporto, or Porto, a flouriflilrg feaport of Portugal, in the province of' Entre-Doucm e-Minho, with abi/hop'j Ice. It is by nature almo'.l impregna- ble ; and i* noted for its ftrong wines, large quantities of which are cxportt.l to En;jland ; whence ali red wines from Spain or Portugal are calied Port wim-s. It is feated on the declivity efca tnnuti- tain, near the Douero, which foinisan excellent harbour, and is 147 miics N by E of Lilbon. Lon. 8 21 W, lat. 41 10 N. Oppelen, a ftrong town ofSilelia, capital- of 3 duchy of the fame name,. w,th a caftlc. Here are the chief tri- bunal of juiVJce.r and thcfirft confiftoiy of Silcfia. it is feated on the Oder, 40 miles N of Troppaw, and 35 SE of Breflaw. Lon. 17 50 E, lat. 59 41 N. Opi'ENHEiM, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, capital of a baillwic of the fam3 name. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, near the Rhine, eight miles S of Mentz. Lon. 8 zo £, lat. 49 43 N. Oprino, an cpjfcopal :own of Na- ples, in Calabria UUc^'jre, feated at the foot of the Appennines, 25 mlies NE of Regio. Orach, a town of Bofnia, npar the river Drino, 60 miles SW of Bel- grade. Oran, a ftrong and important fea- port in the kingdom of Algiers ani province of Tremefen,. with feveial forts, and aa excellent harbour. It was taken by the Spaniards in 1500, and retaken in 1708. In 1731, tiie Spaniards became mafters of it aga.n, and have kept it ever fince. In I7v0) It was deftruyed by an earihqiiake, nothing but the exterior walls being left ftajiding. Two thoufands pcrfoiu pcrifhed on this occafioru The bey of Mof.arj* tock advantage of the diitiefl- -if»,'«, », »«(\4<<\ ORB ORB nines, 4$ m'lies tinate at- ucks. It is 125 miles W by S of" Al- giers.' Lon. o 8 W, iat. 36 » N. Orange, anancientcityot'Franco, i,i the department of Drome. It was in importjnt place in the time of the R()[nan$, of whofe antiquities there ]re fnme fine remains. It is the capi- tal of a principaJity of the fame namr, J7 miles long and 12 broad. Poflell- ed fucceflivcly by the houfes of Baux and Chalons, it devolved, in 1531, on that of NaflTau, and was poffeired by William III, king of England, who dying in 1702, Frederic William, kingof PruiTia, claimed it as his heir. Lews XIV had ft-ized it during the war with king William. He exchan- gfd it, however, in 1713, with the king of Prulfia, for the town of Guel- des; but fubjeA to a compenfation to the prince of NaJl'au-Dietz, whom king William had named bi» heir. The city was an epifcopal fee before the revulutinn. It is feated on the river Aigues, i« miles N of Avignon, and 50 NE of Montpellicr. Lon. 4 49 B, iat. 44 9 N. Oratavia, the capital of Tene- liff, one of the Canary Iflands, 150 miles W of Africa. Lon, 16 20 W, Iat. i8 23 N. Orbalsan, a town of Piedmont, between Turin and Pignerol. Orbi, an ancient town of SwifTer- land, in the Pays de Vaudy capital of the bailiwic of Echailens, ihe fove- reignty of whxh is divided between the j tar.tons of Born and Friburg. Its re- niantic fituatlon, and the L-oidnefs of its fingie-archtd bridj;e projedting evsr the Orbe, are the admiration of Jiftiavellers. It is 24 miles SW of Friburg, and 40 SW of Bern. Lon. |i43E, Iat. 46 49 N. Orbitello, a flrong feaport of iTufcany, in the Siennefe, defended kyfeveral forts, and feated near the Albcgna, 5S miles S by W of Sienne, I "J 85 S of Florence. Lon, 11 ro P, !«. 42 18 N. i Orere, a river of France, which ji'f^'ii in tlie Cfveiines, wdtc»s Beiiers, and falls Into the gulf of Lyons, fi»9 miles below that town. Orcades, or Orkneyi, iOand* to the N of Scotland, from whiclv they are feparated by a channel, 20 miles long, and jo broad. They are 26 in number, of which one greatly execeds the others in extent. This, like the principal one of Shetland, is dignified with the appellation of th» Mainland : it is aifo frequently callcA Pomona. See Mainland. Be- yond this ifland, to the NE arc fcen^ among others, Rowfay and Weftra, Shappinflia and Edda, Stronfa, San- da, and N RonalHia; and to the S appear Hoy and S Ronalflia. Near the fmall ifle of Swinna aie two wiiirl- pools, that have been known to fnatch in boats and light veflels, which wcra inflantly fwailowed up. Here are numbers of flieep and fmall black cat- tle. Its vegetable produds are big (a kind of bar' y) and oats, but no other fort of grain. In general, the air ismoift J and they are often vifited by dfcadful ftorms of wind, rain, and thunder. F'or about three weeks in midfummer, they enjoy the fight of the fun, almoft without intermiflion ;• but, for the fame fpace >n winter,. that luminary hardly rifes above the ho4-i2on, and is commonly oblcured by clouds and mifts. In this gloomy fea- fon, the abfence of the day !b fupplied partly by moonlight, and partly by the radiance of the Aurora Borealis The chief exports arc linen and woollen yarn, ftockings, butter, dried fifli, herrings, oil, feathers and &ins of various kinds, and kelp. Orchies, an aneient town of Fiance,, in the dep.irtment of the North, 14 miles SE of LilTe. OacHiLtA, an ifland of the Carib- bean Sea, So miies N of the oalt o^ Ten a Fiima. Lon. 65 20 W, iat# 1.2 o N. s^v*- Ordunna, a feaport of Spnin, Jti the province of Bifcay, 20 miles SW of Bilboa. Lon. 3 26 W, Iat. 43 ii N, Orkbr-o, a town of Sweden, capi- tal of Nericia, in Sweden Proper, and ftated near tlie W extremity of lake S 6 w *\'i\ i\r'.'\*- — ORG ORL Hiflmar. On a fmall ifland, In the midd'e of the town, formed by two hranches of the Swart, ftands the caftle, formerly a royal refidencc. Hera are raanufa£tories of fire-arms, cloth, artdtapeftry; and they carry on a confiJcrable trade with Scockholm, ,acrofs the lakes Hielmar and Maeler, by means of the canal of Arboga. Orebio is 95 miles SW of Stockholm. Lon. 15 12 E, lat 59 12 N. Orzgrund, a feaport of Sweden, on thf! gulf of Bothnia, 60 miles N of foot of the Appenftines,. 40 miles NW Stockiiolm. Lon. 18 15 E, lat. 60 of Otranto. ao N. OviiENT, or Post t'ORUNT, Or XL, a government of Ruffia, aregularandhandfometo^vn of France, flnce a province 0/ the government of in the department of Morbihan, buiit Bielgorod. Its c ipital, of the fame in J'720, by 'the French Eaft Indi* name, is feated on ihe Occa and Ore!,. Company, who made it the exdulive i07 miles SW of Mofcow. Lon. mart of their commerce. It is detVnd- Caftile, with a caftle, 15 miles S of Toledo. GRCEtET, a town of France, in the department of Jura, feared at the fource of the Valoufe, 30 miles N by E of Bourg. Orgiva, a, town of Spain, in the province of Granada, 25 miles S of Granada. Or I A, a decayed town of Naple?, in Terra d' Otranto, with a citadel, and a biArp's fee. It is feated at the 35 20 E, lat. 53 o N. ORKr.LANAi See Amazons. Orenbuhcit, one of the two pro- ti'ices of t^ie government of Ufa, in RufTia. Orenbiirgh, its capital, is feated on the Ural, 750 miles E by S of Mj£cow. Lon. 55 o£, Ut. 51 46 N. Ore NSC, an ancient town of SpaJn, in Galicia, with a bidiop's fee. It is famous for its hot baths, and is feated ilt the foot cf a mountain, on the Minho, over which is a bridge of one arch, (7 mi Us S£ of Compoftella. Or FA, a commercial town of Alia, In Dlarbeck, with a caftle on a hill. It isA'ated on the Euphrates, 83 miles NE of Altppo, and 100 SW of Diar- bekar. ed by a citadel, is frequented by the fljips of the United States of Amerc.!, and is ffve miles from Kenntbun. Lon. 3 ao W, lat. /, ? 46 N. Origuela, a town of Spain, in. Vilencia, with a biftiop's fee, a uni. verfity, and a< citadel built on a rock, and feated on the Segura, 33 miles N of Carthagena^ Ohio, a town of Spain, in Ctii. pufcoa, at the mouth of the Orio, eight miles SW of St. Scbaftian. Lon> 2 19 W, lat. 43 23 N. Urissa, a provinc- of the penin. fula of Hindooftan, bounded by Bahar and Bengal on the N, by Beraron the W, by Golconda on the S, and the bay of Bengal on the E. The dif- trift of Midniprur is fubjeft tD the Orford, a feaport anc* oorough of Englifli Eaft India Company; but all Suffolk, with a market on Mor-day, the ruins of an old caftle, a priory, and St. George's chapel. It is faid to have had 12 churches, but has now only one. It is feated on the German Ocean, between two channels, 18 miles E by N of Fpfwich, and 88 NE of L'>ndun. Lon. i 40 £, lat. ex II N. Organpord, a village, near Poole, in Dorfetihire, remarkable for the pro- digious quantity of pennyroya', here called orgatff produced in the neigh- bourhood. the reft belongs to the Berar Mahrattas. Oristagni, an ancient town of Sardinia, with a good harbour, and an archbilhop's fee. It is feated on the W coaft, on a bay of the faire n?nic, 42 miles NW of Cagliari. Lon. 83I E, Kit. 40 2 N. Orkneys. See Orcades. Orlamund, a town of Thuring'Ji I belonging to the duke of SaxeG.th}| and feated on the Sala, oppnfite ths mouth of the Oria, 50 miles SWof Leipfick, Ort-ando, a cape on the N am Orgaz, a town of Spain, in New of Sicily, 15 miles W of P.ittii ORM 0R9 OrliaNctis, a late province of number of rich merchants. Ini^ztf France, now fornning the department the Periians, by the alTiftance of the ot'Loiret, Englilh, conq^aered and demoiiftied if^ ORtEANS, a large city of France, Some time after the Perfian« rebuilt capital of. the deua.tment of Loiret, the fort; and it ie ftill the key of the with an epifcopal fee. It is fuppofed gulf of PerGay on account of the CDm« to contain 40,000 fouls. It has ftood raodiuuinefs of the harbour j but it i» two memorable fieges ; t!" BrO:, in almoft deferted ; for it produces no- ^^i, againft Attila; the fecond in thing but £jlt, which fometimes is two 1423, againft the Engljfh; which laft inches deep upon the furface e£ the was raifed by the celebrated Joan of earth. Lon. 56 45 E, lat oij 10 N. Arc. Its comnerce confifts in wine^ Ornans, a town of France, in brandy, corn, grocery, and partic.Uar- the department of Doubs, in the vici- ly fugar, which is brought raw from nity of which is a well, tliat, during. Nantes and Rochelle. The fuburb the time of great rains, overflows in of Olivet, on the left fide of the Loire, fuch a manner as to inundate the coun-> has a communication with the city try. The iiflies which it difgorges ly a bridge, built by Lewis XV, and arc called umbres. Ornans is feat" confifting of nine arches ; the centre ed on the Louve^ eight miles S£ of one 100 feet wide. Orleans is 30 Befanjon. -•'•' Riles NE of Blois, and 60 SSW of l^aris. Lon. 1 59 E, lat. 47 54 N, Orleans, Canal of, commen. ces at the Loire, five miles above Or built during the regency of the duke of Orleans. In 1788, feven eighths of this city were deftroyed by fire. It is Orns, a department of France^ including the late province f Perche and part of that of Nornnandy. It takes its name from a river, whic^ leans, crofles the foreft of Orleans,^ falls into the Engliih Channel, eight joins the Loing near A?nntargis, and miles below Caen. The capital is pairing by' Nemours, falls into the Alenjo!). Seine. Oronoko, a river of S America, Orleans, Forist of,' ont of which rifes in Popayan, and after a themoft confiderable forefts in France, courfe of 755 leagues, enters the At- near the city of that naiTir> containing lantic, in 90 N lat. where its impe- jco,coo acres. tuofity is fo great, that it ftems the Orleans, New, a city of N mod powerful tides, and pieferves the America, capital of Louifiana. It was freflinefs of its waters te the diftance of 12 leagues out at fea. Oron»a, a fmall fertile ifland of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, fevea feated on the E fide of the MiiTifIippi» miles W of Jora. Here are the ruins 105 nniles from itR mouth. Lon. 89 of an abbey, with many fepulchral 53 W, lat. 30 2 N. ftatues, fic. Orleans, an ifland and town of Oropxsa, a town of Spain, in N America, a little to the E of Qoe- New Caftile, 50 miles W of Toledo, beck. Lon. 69 50 W, k\t. 47 o N. Oropesa, a town of Peru, 150 Ormond, thcN divifion of Tippe- miles NE of Potofi. Lon. 63 30 W> rary, in Ireland. lat. 18 o S. Ormskirk, a town of Lancafliire, Orr, a rlverof Kirkcudbilghtfliire, with a market on Tuefday, 30 miles which lifes near New Galloway, waters S of Lancafter, and 206 NNW of the town of Orr, and enters the Solway London. Frith. Ormus, a fmall ifland of Afia, at Orsova, a town in the bannat of the bottom of the gu'f of the lame Temefwar, feated on the N fide of name, and at the entrance of the gulf the Danube, almoft oppofite Belgrade, of Perfia.. It was taken in 1507, by It is fubjedt to the Turks, the Porruguefe, who fortified it j and Orsoy, a town of Germany, in Uw»6 afi,crward frey the French, who demonflicd the fortifications. It i^ ao miles S£ of (Sieves. Orta, a town of Italy, in the pa- trimony of St. Peter, with a bifiiop's fee. it is feated on the Tiber, lo miieji £ of Viterboj and 30 N of Rome. Ortegal, a cape of Galicia, in Spain. L'jn. 7 39 W, lat. 43 46 N. Orte^nbuhg, a town of Auftria, feated on the Drave, oppofite its con- fluence with the Lifer. Lcn. J3 3S £, iat. 46 52 N. Orthzz, a town of France, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, leated on the declivity of a hill, on the Gave de Pau, 17 mi miniftration of ecc'efiaftical affairs, however, belongs to the cic£lor of Co- logne, as metropolitun. It is 40 miles in length,, and 30 in breadth. OsNABURG Island, an ifland ii the S Pacific Ocean, difcovcrcd by captain Wallis, in 1767. It is called Miatea by the natives. Lon. 147 30 W, lat. 17 51 S. OsoRNO, a town of 8 America, h Chili, feated on Rio-Bucno, 80 n.ilc* S of Baldivia. OsdETJA, the country of the Ossi, or OssETi, one of the fcveii Cauc?.. fian nations, between the Black S''» and the Cafpian } bounded on the N by G.eat Cabarda j on the £ by the OST Lelgnis Tartars, and on the S and W by Imeritii. it contains 19 diitiids, ot which one is fubje^t to Isneiitia, and tl)c others to Georgia. OssoRY, the Wdiviiion of Queen's County, in Ireland. OssuNA> a confiderable town of Spain, in Andalulia, with a univerii- ty, 40 miles E of Seville. OsTAGio, a town of Italy, in the territory of Genoa, 1 5 miles N W of Giinoa. OsTALRic, a town of Sp^n, Jn Catal mia. It had a ftrong caltle, taken by the French, and demolifiied in 1655,. It is feated on the Tordeia, 28 miles NE of Barcelona. OsTEND, a fortified feaport of Aulliiun Flanders, famous for the long liege it fulhined againft the Spaniards, I'ram July 5, i6oi,toSept. zz, 1604, when it larrendcred, by a honorable capitulation. On the death of Charles 11, ot Spain, the French fuized Oftend ; liut, in 1706, it was retaken by the allies. It was again taken by the French in 1745, but relVored in 1748. In the war of 1756, the French gar- ril'oned this town for tlie empiefs-queen Maria Theref). In the lait war, as a neutral port, it became a great mart for trade, and was greatly augmented in Dopulation and buildings. In 179Z, the French once more took Oftend, which they evacuated in 1793, and rcpoircHed in 1794. Oftend is feated among a number of canals, and is al- nvift fuvroundcd by two of the Urged of them, into which fliips of great bur- den may cater with the tide. It is 10 miles W of Bruges, a* NE of Dun- kirk, and 60 N W of Brudels. Lon. 3 1 £, lat. 51 14 N. OsTiA, a once celebrated but de- ciyed feaport of It.ily, in the Campag- nu of Rome, feated at the mouth of the Tiber, with a billiop's lee : the harbour is ciiokcd up. It Is 12 miles SWofRome. Lon. 12 24 £, lat. 41 44 N. OsTiGLiA, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, feated on the Po, i(; miles E of Mantua. OsTRonoTHiA, the ealksrn part of Gothland, ia Sweden, OTA OsTUNi, a town of Naples, la Terra d^Otranto, with a biihop's fee. It is feated on a mountan, near the gulf of Venice, 16 miles NW of Brindici, and 24 N£ of Tarento. Oswego, a fort of N America,, feated on the S fide of lake Ontario, at the mouth of a river of the fame name,. 176 miles ESE of Albany. OfrWALD, St, a village in Nor- thumberland, on the Pidts' wall, N of Hexham, by fome called Heavens- field, on account of Ofwald's total de- feat of Cedwall, a Britifh ufurper, who was killed on the firft onfet* Here Ofwald, who was afterward faint« ed, fet up the fiift crofs ia the kin^- dom of Northumberland. OswEicz£N, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Cracuvia. It has a great tiade in fait, and is feated on the. Viftula, 15 miles SW of Cracow. Oswestry, a corporate town of Shropfhire,. with a market on VVednef- lay, and fome trade from Wales in flannels. It is i& mik-s NW of Shrevylbury, and 174 of Loudon. OsYTH, St. a village of Elfex, in, which are the rernains of an ancient monaftery, now the feat of the earl of Rochford, nine miles SE of Colclief- ter. Ota HA, one of the Society If- lands in the S PaciEc Ocean. It lies N of Ulitea ; and is divided from it by a flrait, which, in the narroweft:' part, is not more than two miles broad. Otaheitee, an ifland in the S Pacific ocean, lying in i8<> S lat. and 150° W lon. and firf^ difcovereJ, in 1767, by captain Wallls, who called it George the Third^s Idand. It con. fifts of two peninfulas, great part of which is covered by vvaods, confiding' of bread fruit trees, palms, cocoa-nut- trees, plantains, bana:iu?, mutbcrricS) fdijar canes, and otheis peculiar to the climate, particularly a kind of pinc« ■ apple, and the dragon-tree. The peo- ple have mild features, and a pleafing countenance. They arc of a pale ma- hogany brown, with fine black h\ir and eyes, and wear a piece of doth' round their middle, and another wrap* ped about the hcad| iu VAtiuus pi£lu« V I riMi*"n^4^«v*'- ■ t^-^tWii-Mit^^'^''^ CTA rtfqiK Aapes, like a turban. TK? wo- fhen wear a piece of cloth, with a hole in the middle, through which they pafs their heads, fo that one part of the garment hangs down behind, and the particularly. Holland. OuGEiN, an ancient town of Hifr- dooftan Fruper, in the province of Malwa, capital of the late Madajee Sindia, one of the Weftern Mahratta^ chiefs. It is 452 miles SW of Poonah* Lon. 7$ 56 E, lat. 23 26 N. OviEDo, a town of Spain, capitaF of Afturia d'Oviedo, with a biJhop^s fe^, ^d a univerfity; feated, at the- confluence of the Ove and Deva, whichj form the Afta, 50 miles NW of Leon^ and 208 of Madrid. OuLz, a town of Piedmont, ist miles W ■ f Sufa. OuNDLE, a town of Northampton- Oiire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the Nen, 26 miles NE of Northampton, and 83 N by W of London. Our EM, a town of Portugal, in- Eftramadura, with a caftle, on ». moi»ntain, between the Leira and To« mar. Lon. 7 40 W, lat. 39 34 N, OuRiQ.UE, a fown of Portugal, irt Alentejo, remarkable for a vidtory ob- tained over five Muorifh kings, in SI 39. Their heads are the arms of Portugal. It is 32 miles S£ »f Lilbon*. OusE, a river of Suflex, confifting of two branches, which unite near Lewes, and entering theEngllfh Chan« nel, form the harbour of Newliaven. Odse, Great, a river which rife* near Brackley, in Northamptonfhire, and waters Buckingham, Stony Strat* ford, Newport- Pag nel, Olney, and Bedford, where it is navigable. Thence it proceeds to St. Neots, Huntingdon,. St. Ives, Ely, and Lynn, below which it enters, the Lincolnfhire Wafli* OusK, JL..TLB, 4 river, whicb OXF lifts In the S part of Norfolk, ancT du viding that county from Suffolk, as it flows wcflward, becomes navl^aMe at Thetford, and falls into the ^jreat CXife. 1^' Oifse, Northern, a river of Yorkfliire, the parents of which are the Ure and Sw.ile, rifing in Rich- mondfliire. Uniting at AUborough, they take the name of the Oi.fe, and form a large river, which flows thrai gh York, where it is navigable for confi- deiable veife's, and afterw 'rd receiving the Wharf, D -rwcnt, A re, and Don, it fails inco the Humbcr. OwEKRA, or OvEiRO, a town and territory of AfVica, in th- kingdom of Benin. Lon. 6 o £, la. 6 o N. OwHYHEE, the eafteniraoft and I.irgtd of the Sandwich lfl.«ids, in the N Pacific 0».Lan. Ic- 1. ngth, from N tOt S is s8 le.igues, and its bieadth 24. Sjme parts of the coaft piefent a proi- peAotthc moft dreary kind, the whole country appearhig to have undergone a total change from the tffe iid a univerfity ; and, befide the ca- thtdr.tl, has 13 patifh churches. It is feateJ at the confluence of theThames and Cherwell, and, with the fuburbs, is of a circular form, three miles in ciicumfercncc. In the univerfity are Up colleges, and five halJsj ft:yetjd of OXF which ftand in the ftreets, anJ gfvi the city an air of magnificence. The colleges are, Univerfity, Ba'iol, Mer- ton, Exi'tcr, Oriel, Queen's, New,. Lincoln, Ail Soulb, M igdn'.en, Bn. zen-Nok, Corpus Chillti, Chrift Church, Trinity, St John Baptift's, Jcfus, Wadham, Pembroke, Wor. ceftcr, and Hertford. Ot' thcfe the moft ancient is Univerfity College, fjunded before the year 872. T9 Chrift Church Colljge, belongs the cathedral. The Kills aie Aiban, Edn und, St. Maiy's, New Inn, and St. Mary Magdalen. Among theli. braries, the nrioft diftinguifticd is th» Bodleian, f.junded by fir TliomasBjJ. ley ; and among the other public b. id. ings, are tiie Theatre, the Ai'hrr.i.jean Multum, the CiaienJon Frirtir.g Houfc, the Pxaailirte Ii fiima y, audi fine Obiervatoiy. At Oxt'cnl, kig Joh'i lumm'^neoa parliament, in ijjSj the proceedings of which weie U, dif. orderly, th< wn aftcrivai by the name of * the mad paiiiamciii*' Oxford is governed by a mayor Jiid al. dirmen^ dependent on the chamdioc and. viceohanccilor of. the unive fuy. It fendo four members to parliament, two for the univerfity and two tor the city ; and is 20 miles SW ot' Buck* ingham, and 58 W by N of Loiidoa. Lon. 1 15 W, lat. 51 45 N. OxKOROSHiRB, a county of Eng, land, bounded on the £ by Bucking. hamlhire, on the W by Gloucefter. /hire, on tlie S by Beiks, and on thi j N by Warwickfliire and Northampton- ihire. Its extreme length is 48 miks}. 1 its greateft- breadth a6. Ic containji 14 hundreds, one city, la market. towns, and 2S0 parifhes, and f.nJs I nine members to parliament. The air is miki and healthy ; the toil, though various, fertile in. corn and giafs. Iti I products aie chielVy thofe common t» the midland farming counties, and its I hils yield ochre, pipe-day, and other earths, uleful for various prpofes. I The greateft want in this county is I that of fuel J for the woods, with whic!v| it once abounded, being greatly dimi- niflied, it is nccefl"ary to lupply thel dtiiciency with coal, brought by i| ' bng and troufa London, The with the Tre I canal from Bra md by anothc adoCpirliamei J from Braunft( (greatly remedy OZWIEZIN, I kid, feated on jtjft.e, wbofe v» 34 miles W of IpACEM, a to^ m.itra. Lon PACHyiMAC, ilebrated for a luilt by the Incs isiards found im JO miles S of Li/ Pachsw; a fn jditerranean, near S of Corfu, and Ita. kisfubjed Pacific Oct jtlse South Sea land America, ar inileiin breadth. Jtcrcd this ocean tl pait that bears [three months and iircftion to the N igland. In the in this voyage, Ihe Ladrones, he Pf enjoying fuc rather, with t gave this ocean The Spaniards h. lusofDjiiei) fio Tcoveiy of this c wii:h Sea, althou imrr/ca, it jj \idkm ocean. [(j'lat.r, it is ca ^Wiiij and, onth Ocean. Pacv, a town [epartmcnt of £1, "^f) e'ght miles Paoako, afcj la' »V,, ..^ *.,■!< IV ♦s^^^r: PAD hng and troublefomc navigation ftonr London. The jundiion of the Thames with the Trent and Merfey, by the cjnal from Braunftou to Hampton Oay^ 1 and by another canal (for which an ailofpirliamcnt was obtained in 179}) I from Braunfton to Brentford, will I greatly remedy this inconvenience. OzwiKziN, a town of Little Po- krndt featcd on the Weitchfel, with a tite, whofe walls are of woodr It is 34 miles W of Cracow* ipACEM, a town of the iflind of Su- '^ ra.itra. Lon. 97 15 E, lat. 5 o N. Pachamac, a valley in Peru, ce- Ikbrated for a magnificent temple, Jbullt by the Incas, in which tlie Spa- hiards found immenfe rich«s. It is I ]0 miles S of Lima. Pachsu; a fmail ifland in the Me- Idlttrranean, near the coaft of Albania, |s of Corfu, and W of the gulf of Ar- |ta. Itis fubjedt to Venice. Pacific Ocean, othcrwife called [the South Sea, lying between Ana lind America, and upward of 10,000 JBiileiin breadth. When Magellan en- Itcrd this ocean through the dangerous lilrait that bears hh name, he (ailed ■three months and ac days in a uniform lireftion to the NW without difcover- liiigland. In the diftrefs he buffered i|n this voyage, before he dilcovered {the Ladrones, he hud the confolation jpf enjoying fuch uninterrupted fair rather, with favorable winds, that he gave this ocean the name of Pacific. The Spaniards having pailed the ifth- Jiusof Darien fiom N to S at the firit Bifcnvery of this ocean, named it the wu:h Sea, akhougli, witli refpsft to im.rica, it is more properly the 'ElK'rn oct-an. On one fuic of the biat.ir, it is called tl-.c N Paclrtc [)cca;i; a.id, on the other, the S Paci- fc Ocean. Pacv, a town of France, in the lepartmcnt of Eurc, fcatcd on the ^ure, eight miles S by E of Veinon. fAOANo, i fcjparton the W coaft -, p-AO of Sumatra^ in the pod'ttiTion of the Dutch. Lon. 99 46 E, lat. o 50 S. Paddington, a village of Mid- dlefex, W by N of London, to whichy indeed»||| is con.iguuus; and yet the pariO) contains many beautifully rural fpots. The cliurch, erefled in 1790^ is in a Angularly pleafing (lyle. Paoerborn, an ancient and po- pulous town of Weftphalia, capital of a bifhopric. It takes its name from the rivulet Pader, which rifes under the high altar of the cathedral. It has a celebrated univerfity, and is 43 miles ESEofMunfter. Lon. 8 55 E, lat, 51 46 N. Pad£rborn, a bifbopric of Ger- many, in the circle of Wettphalis, 3* miks in- length, and 20 in breadth. In the middle of it are high mountains and iron mines ; but the red of the country is fertile ioi corn and paliurcs } and its bacon and v«nifon are excellent* Padkon, a town of Spain, in Galicia, feated on the Vila, 12 miks- S of Cf mpoftcl a. Padstow, a feaport in CornwalJi, with a market on Saturday. It is feat* cd at the mouth of the Camel, on the Briltol Channel, 50 miles Wof Laun- ccrtpn and 243 W by S of London*. Lon. 445 W, lat. 50 42 N* Padua, an ancient and once finu- riflimg city of Italy, capital of the Pa- duano, with a univerfity and a bilhop's f(;e. The houfes now bear fuch a fmall pnportion to the circuit within the wail., and the popuIati;in of the city, in general, is fo much diminiffi- ed, that it has a gloomy appearance, and grafs appears in many places, in the intei dices of the pavement. TIic church of St. Judina, built from a dc- fign by Pa'iladio {^'^nc of the mod ele- gant he ever gave) is remarlcable for its rich Mofaic pavement. The hall of the townhoufe, one of the largod in Eur lat. 45 2Z N. Paduano^ a fi°nile province of Italy, in the territory of Venice, bounded on the E b\ the D'gado, on the S by the Polefinodi Rovign, on the W ty the Veronefe, and on the N by the VIcentino. It is about 40 miles in kngth, and 55 in breai'th. Padua is the capita!. Paeff.nhoffxjj, a town of France, in the depa'tmcjit of Lower Rhine, fcDted on the declivity of a mountain, near the .Motter, eight miles W of Ha- gucnau. Pi».co, a barren ifljnd in the gulf of Venice, on the coaft of Venetian Dalmat'a It is well peopled, and con- tains fait works. Paimboiuf, a feaport of France, In the department cf Lower Loire, at the mouth of the Loire. Hence all thf fliips belonging to Nantes take their departure, and here they anchor on their arrival. At the beginning of this century, it was only a village. It is 20 miles W of Nantes. Lon i 53 W, lat. 47 isN. ■ Painswick, a townof Glouce/ler- /hire, with a market on Tuefday. It has a manufadtory of while cloths for the army, and for the India and Tur- key trade ; and hence is brought a ftone, remarkable for its beauty,^ for the pavement of floors. It is feven miles SE of Gloucefter, and loi W by N of London. PAiSCiY, a large manufafturing town of Renfrewfliire. Its ftieets have names defcriptive of the various em- ployments of the inhabitants ; as Silk Street, Cotton Street, Lawn Street, &c. The principal manufactures are In filk and thread gauze ; and here are extenfive cotton-works. The magni- ficent abbfy, for which Paifley was once noted, is now partly in ruins ; but there is a chapel entire, which is ufed as the family burial-place of the marquis of Abercorn, and is famous for a furprifiug echo. Paifley is fup- pofed to contain about one third of the number of the inhabitants of Glafgow j f'AL Knt It ftandson nearly as much groinif' and is fik miles W of that city. ' Paita, a feaport of Peru, in fnt audience of Qu'to. It has frequentlr been plundered by the b'iccaneerj, and in 1741, was plundered ami burntby commodore Anfon, becaufe th? gover, nor refufed to ranfom it. Lon. 81 lo I W, lat. 6 12S. ' Paix, Port, a feaport citlieff coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo, iij the.Wcft Indies. Lon. 72 55 W, lat, J958N. Patacios, a town of Spiin, ia| Andalufia, 12 miles S of Seville, Palais, a town of France, capital! of the ifland' of Belleifle, with a ftrong I ciC".de!, which flood a brg fifgcsgainij the Engliih, in 1761, and then fur.f rendered on hororable terms. Ui,\ 3 / W, lat. 47 18 N4 Palais, St. atownanddiftriaofl France, in the department of thif Lower Pyrenees, which, with the town I and diftrift of St. John Pied-de Port,] forms nearly the whole of the late pro. I vince of Lower Ifaynrre, a mountain-l ous ^ untry, which produces fcar«ijr| any tiii: g but millet, oats, and fruits,! of which they nrake cider. This is I only a very moderate portion oftlnl kingdom of Navarre, wrefted, ini5ii,| from John d'Albret, by Ferdinand,] king of Arrugon and Caftile. Thiil portion, feparated from Upper Nafanel by the Pyrenees) made part of thel kingdom of France, having beenaji.f ncxed to it by Henry IV, who held itj in right of his mother, Jeanne d'Al.f bret. St. Palais is feated on the Bin doufe, 15 miles SEofBayonne. LonJ 1 4 W, lat. 43 21 N. See Navarri. Pal AMBOANG, OrPALAMBANcJ a town of Java, capital of a kingdom ;| feated at the E end of the iiJand, 1 the ftraits of Bally. Lon. ll4oF|| lat. 7 10 S. PaIAMCOTTA, OrTlNBVIllTjj a town of Hindooflan in the CarnaticJ 401 miles SW of Madras. Lon. 54 £, lat. 8 43 N. Pa LAM OS, a ftrong feaport of SpalnJ in Catalonia, feated on the Mediterra^ nean, 47 miles NE of Barceloi Lon. 2 58 £, lat. 41 %i N. ".•».«^«<^♦^«^•i PAL PAL orTiNEvniTi Fan in the Carnatic, ■Madras. I^"' UgfeaportofSpaiDi on the Medlterta' jE of Barceli 41 S« N' Palanka, a town of Upper Hun- of the fame name, no miles W of «ry, featedon the Ibola, 37 miles N Mcffina, and 162 S by VVof Naples, ofBuda. Lon. 13 23 E, lat. 38 isN. Paiatinatk or the Rhine, ^ Palestine, a country of Turkey an eleftoiate of Germany, in the circle in Afia, fo called from the Fhiliftines, «f the Lower Rhine ; bounded on the who inhabited its feacoaft. It is alfo N by the archbiflioprics of Mentz and called Judasa, from the patriarch Judahj Tricves ; on the E by Franconia and and the Holy Land, from having been Suabia; and on the W and S by the fcene of the birth, minillry, and .ranee. It is 100 miles in length, death of Jefus Chrift. In the Scrip- and 70 in breadth, and the principal tures it is ftyled the L.uid of Canaan, ivtrsare the Rhine and Neckir. It and the Promifed Land. It is divided as fuffcred more by the wars with *''0m Syria, on theN by Mount Liba- rance, than all the provinces of Ger- "US, or Lebanon j from Arabia Defcr- [many put together.} for, in the laft ta on the E by the mountains of Seir j CTtury, Lewis XIV ordered the whole »nd it has the d^^ferts of Arabia Petrea untry 10 be laid wafte by fire and on the S, and ths Mediterranean on the brd. Heidelberg is the principal W. It is in general a fertile country, iwii, but Manheim is the eleflorate abounding, where cultivated, witb fidence. This eledorate Is alfo call- corn, wine, and oil j «nd it might fupply i the Lower Palatinate, to diftinguifh ^he neighbouring country with al) itfrom the Upper Palatinate of Bava- thefe, as it anciently did, were ihe a, prefent inhabitants equally induftrious. Palatinate, Uppeh, of Ba- The parts about Jerufalem, itscapital, AxiA. See Bavaria. are the moft mountainous and rocky j Palazzuolo, atownofSicily, in hut they feed numerous herds and le Val-di-Noto, 80 milei S of Mef- nocks, and yield plenty of honey, 1. with excellent wine and oil; and the Palazzuolo, a town of Italy, in vallies produce large crops of corn, le Brefciano, feated on the O^lio, Palestrina, anciently Prae« 10 miles NE of Milan. nefte, a town of Italy, in the Campag- FalencI'A, a town of Spain, in na di Roma, with a bllhop's fee. It !i,wlth3richarchbilhop's(ee. It is is the capital of a principality of the rated on the Caiion, 40 miles SW of fannc name, and was famous for the argos, and 1 10 N by W of Madrid. Temple of Fortune, the ruins of which Palermo, an ancient city of Sicl- may yet be feen. It is 25 miles £ of ,mthe Val-di-Mdzara. Theinha- Rome. itants are eftimited at 1 50,000. Two Paxes trina, one of the largefl: at ftreets interfedt each other in the of the iflands, calk'd the Lagunes, atre of the city, where they form a ne:ir Venice, where the moil confide^ inilfome Iquare, called the Ottango- rable of the nobility have country hou- adorned with elegant uniform build> fes. Its principal harbour has the s. Fiom the centre of this ft]uare fame name. leen the whole of thefft noble Iheots, Palicata, a feaport of Hindoo- id the four great gates of the city (tan, on the coift of Coromandel, ich terminate them. Thefe gates whci the Dutch have a faflory. It is each at the diltancc of abouth.Ufa 25 miles N of Madras, Lon. 81 33 le, the diameter of the city being E, lat. 13 30 N. inore than a mile. There are up- Pammbum, the capital of a king- itd of 300 churches in Palermo, dom of the fame name, in the ifland 5 of them very rich and magnifi- of Sumatra, feati'd •m the E coaA, This city has fuffered greatly, no milfs NE ot" Bt'iicov-ileii, and fub- ifferent periods, by earthquakes or jedl to the Dutch. Lun. 103 31 £, nddtions. It is feated on the N fide lat. 3 o S, the ifland, at the boCtoia of the gulf Palliser's Islands, a group T» AL T AM : -v •f Tfiaicis \^ rhe S Pacific Occarit Lon. 146 30 W, Lit. 15 38 S Palma> a town of Portugal ' Alentejo, fearrd on the Cadoan, ao miles E of St. "Ubes. Pal MA, a town of S America, in the new kingdom of Granada, 50 xniles NW of St. Fe. Pal MA, c;ne of the Canary Ifles. Lon. 17 50 W, !at. 28 36 3SI Pal MA, or Pal ma Nuova, a iftrong town of Ita'y, in Vi iietian •Friuli, It is a very important place •for the defence of the Venetians^ipa'nft the Auftrians and Turiis, and is feaied on th" gulf of Venice, 10 miles SE of Udino, and 55 NE of Venice. X.on, 13 15 E, Jat. 40 2 N. Palmas, one ot" the Philippine IOjihIs, 16 leiijjuos from the SE of Mindanao. Lon. ' -j o £, lat. 5 33 N. Palmas, Capx, a promontory in Africa, on the Ivory Coaft of Guinea. Lon. 5 34 W, lat. 4 26 N. Pal. -I EL A, a town of Portuj^al, in Ellamadura, with a cartleon a rock, feat-'d on the Gadaon, 19 miles S£ of Liibon. Palmerston's IsLANn, an ifland in the S Pacific Ocean, difco- ■vered by captam Cook, in 1774. It confifts of a group of iflets, corinefted by a reet of coral locks, and lying in a circular direction. It admits of no anchorage, nor are there any inhabi- tants on it, though it abounds wiiJa toc'ia - nuts, fcurvygrai's, and the wharra-tree. It does not exceed a mile in circumfererKe, and is not elevated more than three feet above the level of the fca. Itconfifts entire- ly of a coral fard, with a Imall mix- ture of blackiih mould, which appear- ed to be produced from rotten vegeta- bles. Lon. 162 57 W, Jat. 18 o S. Palmyra, formerly a magnificent city of Afia, in the dcferts of Arabia, of which Zenobia was queen, who held it out a long time againft the Ro- jnans, but was at length taken, and led in triumph through the ftreets of Rome. The dupendous ruins of this city were vifited by mt^ffieurs Wood and Ddvvkms, in 175 1 > and Mr. Wood pulililhed a fplendld account (,f them, illuftiated by plates, in m.. This place is likewife called T^d-iorl in the Dcferr. The prefent inhi!. tants, confifting of 30 or 40 fimilcj, I haveeredVed their mud cottages wirhii, the f^jacious court of a magnificetj temple of the futi. Palmyra miles SE of Aleppo, lar. 33 20 N Palnaud, a didrift of the penin. fula of Hindooftan, belongirg to thel Carnatic, Atut fituate toward ihe Kill. iia, to the W of the Gtntoor Circar.l Palos, a fepport of Spain, in AnJ dilulia, remarkable for being the pbcej whence Chriftopher Columbus (aiwl on his firft voyage in i^qi. it J fi:ated at the mouth of the RioTintil 46 miles SW of Seville, Lon. 6 ]t\ W, h.t. 37 14 N. '■ Palos, Cape, u promontory ( Spain, ill Murcia, to the S of jto*J of the fame name, it ifpuntesiy bay of Cnrthagena from tha; of AliJ cant, 20 miles E of Caithagcna. Lon, 6 39 W, lat 37 37 N. Palota, a town of lower Kw gary, in the county of A!ba Rcgalis taken frv>m the Turks, in 16S7. is 40 miles SW of Buda. Palte, a famous lake of Tbilictl iyiny to th'* S of Laifj, three dan journey. It is i5omiits incircuirfcl rence ; and in the middle of it is oif large ifland. On the W ftoreoftki ifland, or congeries of iflands, is a i naftery, and the feat of the Imi Turccpamo, or the Great Regcnerati in whom the Thibetians think tjiitl divine fpirit is regenerated, asitisi the Great Lama. Lem'ifa is ttiefeq nine of Lama, which fignifiesd/rjj PAMiERS.adecayedtownotfrai in the department of Arriegewtlij bilTiop'sfec. Nearitisaniinerali The town is featcJ on the Arriej cij/ht miles N of Foix, and 452 S| ot Paris. Pamlico Sound, a kind of j land fea, of N Carolini, ico 1 long, and from lo to 20 bmai. II Separated, in its wh->ie length, ff the Atlantic, by a beaduf Udt ly a mile wide, generally covcredj ^■Ss^'li^ LLm i^i . K .L*'ijyftii '^'ft ■t'li'' :^:i*iL'A'^jdLii>Wi.s>'L«!;iA:K-.J['-' w«v^^^^ A\;i,^a^*>Ji^!¥uI ;■•:•'• ''^'X+V^Vr, f^ated on the Bayonn?, and Ion. I 35 W, ? AN ;fciall trees or buflies. It has fcvenl inlets; but thit of Ocrccock is the filly ofiO that will aJmit veflels of (lurJen. This inlet is in Ion. 76 20 yi, Ut. 35 10 N. Pampelonne, a town of France, in the department of Tarn, ij mi cs from Alby. PAMPEtuNA, a town of Spain, capital of Upper Navarre, with a ftrong citadel, and a rich b'-'hopric. It is Arga, 42 miles S of 167 NE of Madrid, lat, 41 47 N. Fampeluna, a town of S Ame- rica, in the new kingdom of Granada, 550 miles N by E ofSanta-Fe. Lon. 71 30 W, lat. 6 30 N. Panama, a cicy of S America, the capital of Terra Firma Proper, and the feat of a royal audience ind of a bi (hop. It was built in »517, and was lacked and burnt by the Engiifli buccaneers in 1670. Before the abolition of the trade by the ga- Jeuns in 1748, the Spaniards of Chiii and Peru, in order to be fupplied with the produ<^s and manufactures of Eu- rope, were oblijjed to repair to I'urto Bello or Panama j but, fince that pe- riod, the Commercial intercourfe has been carried on by fingk vefl'els, cal- led reglrtcr Alps, which fail round Cipe Horn, and convey d jeiSly to the ports ot Cliili and Peru the mcrchan- dife, which was firmerly conveyed a- i crofs the ifthmus of Darien to Pana- ma. Intheharbourof Panama is a fine pearl filhery. This city in feateJ on a biy of the fame name, 70 miles S of Portu Bellu. Lon. 80 2i W, lat. S Panari, one of the Lipari Iflands iin the Mediterranean. It is b.inen, and only five miles in ciicunit'erenc. [it !o eight n.iit'S Not" Lipaii, and 30 lot Sicily. Lun. 25 41 E, lat. 38 40 IN. Panay, the moft fe.tile aid popu- |lflu5 (,(■" the Philippine Iflands, lying between Paragoa and Negro. Ic is I150 miles in circumference. Iloilu is ]the cipital. Pancras, St. a village of Mid- ildcx, a little to the NW uf Londoju ? AN It has a church dedicated to St. Ptn. eras; and the- churchyard is remaika- ble for being the principal place of in- terment for the Roman caihoiii s. At a public-houfe, near the church is a medicinal fpring. Here i: an hofp'tal for inoculation, dependent on the Smallpox Hofpital at Clerkenwell. Here alfo is the Veterinary College, for the improvement of f-".»riery, an4 the treatment of cattle in gencial. The noble ftables, and anatomical theatre, are finished} but the prefenC college is only a temporary building. Panga, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Congo, capital of the pro- vince of Bamba. Lon. 14 25 £, lat, 6 30 S. Panjab, a country of Hindooftati Proper, being that watered by the five eailern branches of the Indu«. It was the /icene of Alexander's laft campaign, and the ne plus ultra of ]>is conque(i$« It forms a fquare of 250 miles, and includes the whnle of Lahore, and a great part of Moultan Proper. Pamnanach Weils, a village of Aberdeen/hire, (ituate below the waterfall, called the Lin of Dee, in the valley ot' Gienmuick* It is noted for its mineral w.)ters, and a lodge has been ercdled for the accommodation of company. Pa ...iput, a town of Hindooftaa Proper, fituate in an extenlive plain, which is celebrated for an obftinate battle fought, in 1761, between an army of zoo.oco Mahrattas, and Ab- dallah king of Candahar at the bead of nOjOoo MaJAometans, When the formei were totaiiy defeated. Panni- pul is 73 miles NW of Delhi. Loiu 76 45 E, lat 29 15 N. Pantalaria, an ifland in the Mediterranean, iiea the coaft of Tu- nis. It abounds in corn, cotton, fruit, and wine J and is f..l)je£l to the king of Naples. Ljn. 12 31 E, lat, 36 55 N. Panuco, a province of New Spain, in the au.iioricouf Mexico. Thecap:- tal, of the fame name, is a bii'hop's fej, and is fuiaatconthc river Panuco, 170 mi;eb N by E of the city of Mex- ico. Lon. (^8 5 E, lat. Z3 o N, PAR PAR Ta-oom, one of the New "Hebrides, It Is extremely fertile, producing cottna in the S Pacific Ocean, to the S of in great abundance, tobacco, and the MalicoUo. Lon. l68 i8 W, lat. 16 valuable herb called Paraguay, which 30 S. . is peculiar to l^is country, and the in. Pao-ting rou, a city of China, fufion of which is drunk, in ail the the moft confiderable in the provide SpanifliprovincesofS America, infle.id of Pe-tcheli, next to that of Pckin. of tea. The air is remaikably fwcet Its diftridt contains three cities of the and frrene. The Spaniards diicovercd ■fccond, and 17 of the third clafs. It this country, by failing up the Riode. is ^o miles S by W of Pekin. la-Plata in 1515, and founded the Papa, a fmall but ftrong town of town of Buenos Ayrcs. In 1580 Lower Hungaiy, in the county of the Jefuits were admitted into thclefer! Vefprin. It was taken by the Turks, tile regions, and in the next century in 1683, after the raifing of the fiegc founded the famous miflions of P^ra- of Vienna. It is feated on a mountain guay j which were a number of co!o. near the Marchaltz, 45 miles W of nies, -jch governed by two Jefuits Buda. one of whom was redlor, the other Papoui, St. a town of France, his curate. They undertook, not only in the department of Aude, feated on to make profelytes, but to open a new the Lembe, eight miles E of Cartel- fource of we.ilth to the mother country, naudary, and 35 SE of Touloufe. To this end they reprcfented, thjt Pappenheim, a town of Germa- they ought to be independeiu of the Tiy, in the ciicle of Franconia, capital Spanish governors j and thiit as the of a county of the fame .lame, with a vices of the Europeans might coiitami- of the Kutile S pf that of |lLES> Ice of Paraguay, le liver, wbt* PAR »oIti«t "'*'* ^l>* Paraguay and Ora- lly* forms the Rio-de- la- Plata. ti PakchiM) a town in the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated on a river which falls into the £ibe. It i» zo miles S£ if Sihwecin. Pa a 00, a palace of the king of Spain, in New Caftile, five miles from Madrid. Pakcnzo, a ftrongtown of Vene- 8an l!tria, with a bifhop's fee, and a g.Tod habour, feated on the gulf of Ve- nice, 65 miles E of Venice. Lon. 1 3 56 E, lat. 45 24 N. Pakia, or New Andalusia, a province of Terra Firma, bounded on the N by the gulf of Mexico ; on the E by the Athntic \ on the W by the new kingdom of Granada ) and on the Sby Guiana. Parilla, or St.-Pabilia, a town of Peru, in the audience of Lima, leated at the mouth of the river Santa, jo miles S£ of Truxillo, and 230 NW of Lima. Lon. 77 50 W, lat. 8 36 S. Paru, the capital of France, one ftfthelargefV, fineft, and moft popu- kus cities of Europe. Th: inliabi cants are computed to be S(}0,ooo i and it is fix leagues in circumference, includ- log the fjburbs. There are nine principal bridges in Paris, the msft diHingulAied of which are the Pont Neuf, the Pont Royal, and the new bridge begun in 1787, called Pont de Louis Seise. But it is here to be ob- 1 ferved, thit all the nt^mes of buildings, fifuares, i>rcets, Stc> in compliment to royalty, have been changed, (ince the abolition of monarchy, in 1792. Of Itht fqoares in Paris (once adorned {with the ftatues of their monarchs) Ithe fineft is the place de Louis Qulnze, jof an o£tagon form, in which was an Iqucftrian ftatue, in bronze, of that nonarth. This fquare, now called he Place de la Revoludon, was the ital fcene of the execution of the un> jfortunate Lewis XVI, of his confort {»ie Antoinette, and of his fifter princefs Elifabeth; the king being kiecutedon thezift of January 1793 j ^e queen, on the i6th of October viog } and the priocefS| on the PAR lolh of May 1794. BefiJe many huTr- drcds of viAims of revolutionary def- potifm, who likcwife peri/hed on this fata] fpot, it is remarkable, that many of the members of the French convention, who voted for the death of the king, fufj'ered, in the fequel, on the fame fc.tfibid } and among thefe, was his in- famous relation, the duke of Orleans* who had affumed the ludicrous name of Philippe Egilicc. The moft inrercft- ing of the manufactories of Paris is thaB ot the Gobelins (fu called from a fami- ly of celebrated diers, fettled here in 1450) in which tapeftries are made af- ter the pidures of the greateft matters, to fuch perfeAion, that one, repre- fentrng Lewis XV, a who!« length, framed, and placed among the maftcr* pieces uf painting, was taken, for ma- ny days, by multitudes of vifitors, for a finished piece. The manufactory of plate-glafs likewife merits attention. Befide the cathedral of Notre Dame^ Paris has many fine churches. The new church of St, Genevieve (now called the Pantheon) was deftined by the national affembly, in I79i> to re- ceive the remans of fuch great men ^$ had merited well of their country. The remains of J. J. Rouffeau, Vol- taire, and* Defcartes, have accordingly been removed hither. The celebrated orator Mirabeau, and the fanguinary Marat, were interred here } but their bodies have been lince removed } and it has been decreed, that no perfon (hall receive the honours of the Pan- theon, uitil he has been dead ten years* The fineft college in Paris is that of the Four Nations, called alfo Masarin, from the cardinal, its founder. A- mong the public libraries, that lately called the king's, holds the iirft rank. The Royal (now National) Obfervatory is built of freeftone, and neither iron nor wood has been employed in the ere^ion. The Botanical Garden ia worthy of its late appellation of Royal. The four principal palaces are the Louvre ; the Tuileries, now the Palais National} the Palais- Roval, now the Palais d'Egalite ; and the Luxemburg, which has been recently converted intv a revolutionary prifon. The garden ti T AH •Ibe Tuileries, in front of the palace, and on the banks of the Seine, is the fineft public walk in Paris. From this ,jp«lace, when attarfced by the enraged itnob, on the lOth of Auguft 179Z> iewis XVI went foi- an afyium to the hall of the national aflennbiy, thence to a prifon, and, thence to the fcaifbld. The Palais {loyaJ was long the proper- •ty of the Ute dukes of Orleans ; and the interior courts have been embelliih- xd with many beautiful buildings, with (hops, coifephoufes, and a garden, which Tender it like a perpetual fair. The liotel-des Invalidcs, fur the wounded ..and fuperannuatcd foidieiy, i; a mag- nificent ftrudlurc, bu)lt by L^wis .^IV ; as is the Military Schonl, in the Champ de Mar.s, founded by Lew- ■is XV. The two principal theatres are the Theatre de la Nation and the Jtalian Theatte ; which j in point of elegance and onvenience, are worthy ef the capital of a great nation. The Monnoic, or Mint, is alfo i no^le building, iituate on that fide of the ;Seine, oppoflte the Louvre« The Hotel- .de-Ville is an ancient ftruAure, in the Place de G re vcj which was the com- mon place of execution, till lately, ^en the Place de la Aevolutinn,' and /afterward the fite of the Bsftiie, were appropriated to that purpofe. Paris is jfLTt archbifhupric, and the feat of a «niver/ity. It is feat^d on the Seine, in the late province of the Jlle of France, and now form^ with a fmall diftrl£t round it, one of the depart- ments of France. It is 70 m'les S of Jlouen, 165 SE of London, 625 NW of Vienna, and 630 NE of Madrid* Lon. a 25 E, lat. 48 50 N. Parma, an ancient, rich, and po- pulous city o,f Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a citadel, a ;bi(hop*s fee, and a univeifity. It has a magnificent cathedrni, and the largcfl opera-houfe in Europt^, In 1734, a bbody battle was fought here between the imperial'fts and the French and Sardinians, in which the former were 'defeat«J. In 1748, the duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guaftalla, were j|lveo to (ton l^hilipj brother to don Car- ?AR Io9, king of the Two SiciiieJ. Parma is 40 miles N W of Modena, and 60 SE of P»ljlan. .Lon. 10 -30 ,E, lat. 44 50 N. Pajimai a Vluchy of Italy, bound- ed on the N by the Po, on the NE by the Mantuan, on the E by the Mo- denele, on the S by T.fcany, and on the W by Placentia- The air is very wholefome, and the foil fertile The celebrated Paimefan .checfe is no longer made in this country, but at Lodi in the MilaAefe, at Trino, Bo. logna. Sic, Papnassu'S, or Parnabso, a mountain of Livadia. It rifes ia two heads, one of which was famous for being confecrated to Apollo and th« Mufes, and the other to Bacchus. Here alfo is a fine fountain, luppafcJ to be the ancient Caftalia. PARds, an iOand of the Archipela- go, one of the Cyclades. It lies Wof Naxia, 10 miles in lenjith, and e'ght in bie^idth. TheToil is well cuitivated^j but this ((land has been princip.illy fa. mous for fuch fine marble, that the bcft carvers would make ufe of no other. Thofe excellent ft.tuaries, Phidias and Praxiteles, were natives of this iflanel, which w^ anciently dedic.ited to Bac- chus, oiyacci.'unt of its ejccellcnt winesj and hj/fice were brought t!ie famnu! ^run/elian maiblr.s, now at jOxfoid. Par OS, a decayed town of the At- ch'pelago, capital of the iflo of Pjras, anciently the largeft and mod power- ful one of the Cyclades. Jt is a biiliop's fee, and is feated on the W coaft nf the ifland. JUon. 25 44 £| lat. 37 S N.. Pa BR E T, a river of S^.mcrfptlljlrt, which, alter receiving the Ivel and Thone, enters the Biiilol Channel at Eiidgt'WJtei B:iy. Par RAM ATT A, a town or frtle- ment of Englilh convidts,' in NewS Wales. It is feated at the head of the- hjfbfiur of Port Jackfon, 11 milts W of Sydney Cove, between Rofe Hill flnd the landing-place in the creek which forms the head. Lon. 151 39 E, lat. 33 50 S.- Par THIN AV, u town of France, cilies. Parma )dena, and 60 10 30 ,E, lat. 'Italy, bound- on the NE by E by the Mo- T-.fcany, and a. The air u the foil fertile fan .checfe is no soantry, but at at Trino, Bo« 'Parnasso, a a. it rifes in ich was famous :o Apollo and the ler to Bacchus. untain, fuppafci alia. 3f the ArchipeU- les. It lies W of lerifith, and eight is well cultivated^ :en principilly fa- marble, that the ikeufeofnootlier. aries, Phidias and vcs of this Ifland, eilic.ited to Bac- seaccellcntwinesj iu£ht the famous now at Oxford, town of the Ar- the ifli; of P.UDS, and mod power- es. Jt is a bilhop'J 11 the W coaft of 5 44 E, lat' 37 8 • of S'.mcrfptftlre, ring the Ivel ani Jiiibi Channel at a town or fft'le- iivitts.in NewS at the head ot the- Klon, II miles W let ween Rofe Hill lace in the creek lid. Lon. 15139 town of France, in the department of the Two Se*re», feated on the ThouC} 17 miles S of Tho".ars. Partenkiukj a town of BaTuria, 40 miles SW of Munich. Parys, a mountain in the ifle of Anglefey, fannous for a copper mine> which is not wrought in the common manner of fubterraneous mines, but, like a ftone quarry, open to day j and the quantities of ore raifed are prodi- gious. A lead ore, rich in lllv;:r, U aifo fopnd in this mountain. Pas, a town of France, in the de- partment of the jStraits of Calais, and late province ef Artoia, la mile? "W of Arras. Pas de Caxais, otSthaits of Calais, a department of France, containing the late provinces of Artois and Bouionnois, Arras is the capital. Pas SAO, a cape of Peru, under the equator. Lon. 78 5*0 W. Pass.aRO, a cape on the coaft of Janna, in Greece, between the gulfs of Armiro and Zeiton> Passarvan, a town in the ifland of Java. Lon. H4 15 E, lac 70S. Passau, an ancient city of Lower Bavavin, capital of a fmall bidiopric of the fame name, with a fort. It is divided into four parts, namely, PaHau, Inftadt, litzftadt, and the quarter in which is the bifliop's palace. The firft three arc fortified, but the laft is only a 'fuburb. It is feated at the confluence of the Inn and Ikz, 6z miles E by S of Rati(bon, and 135 W of Vienna, •Lon. 13 37 E, lat. 48 28 N. Passero, Cafe, anciently called Pachinus, the moll: ibuthfr.'y point of Sicily, It is a wretched bivren ifland, ibout a mile round j with a fort, to protcd the country from the incurfions of the Bubivy corfairs, who are often very troublclome on this con;!. It h feparated from Sicily by a ftiait feaifa mile broad. Off this cape fir George ^yng, in 1735, defeated a Spanifti fquadron. Lon. 15 12 E, lat. 16 ic Passiqniano, a town of Italy, in [the territory of the church, feated on laic- Perugia. Lon. ix q E, lat, 43 P'AT pAtTO, or St. JtfAN de Past*,. a towndf S America, in Popayan* 120 miles N by E 9t Quito. Lon. j 76 55 W, lat. I 50 N. ... Pastrana, or Patrana, ». town o"f Spain, in New Caftile, feated between the Tago arid Taguna, 3»' miles E of Madrid. Patagonia, the moft fouthprn part of 5 America, inhabited by a race of men, who long afforded a fubje^ of controverfy to the learned. They hive been defctibed (not only by the compa- nions of Magellan, but by voyagers fince of great refpedabllity ) as a gigan- tic race, above eight feet high, and of proportionate ftrerjgth. On the o'lher hand, fome navigators, and thofe ,a- mong the moft eminent of their order for difcernmeut and accuracy, have af- ferted, that the; natives of Patagonia, with whom they had intcrccwrfc, though ftout and well made, are;jipt,of fuch extraordinary fize as to be diftir,- guiflicd from the reft of the human fpe- « cies. Dr. Rob9rtfonhas colleded the various teftimonies on this fubjefl, which, upon the wliole, appear* to ftrengtheii the alTertion of captains Wallis and Carteret, who a^uuliy meafureid fome of the natives ig 176^, and found them to be from fix feet, t» fix feet Ave and fcven inches in height. Their colour is a kind of bronze. They are all painted, and clothed near- ly in the fame manner: tlie circlea round the two eyes are, fome white and red, and fome red and hiacic. Their teeth are as white as ivory^ re- markably even and well fet. J hey have no other clothing than fkiris, which they wear with the hair inward; and a piece o^" leather covers the private parts. Pat AN, a kingdom on tin; E co,ift of tJic peninfiila of Malacca, The inhabitants aie partly Wahomctans and partly Gcntoos ; and the principal town, of the fame name, has a well dc- fend(!d harbour. Patay, a town of Fr.incr, in the department of Loiret, remarltuble for the dcfeac of the Engliih in 1419, by Jaan of Arc. Lon. I 49 E^ '>(• 4^ T». PAT Patzhvcai orPATiocA, atown •f New Spain, in the audience of Mexico. Near it is a Giver mintu It i» 70 miles N of Mexico. P A T H H X A o> a con fi Jerable manu • favouring village of Fifefl»ire> alnnoft adjoining to Kirkcaldy. Patmos, an ifland of the Archipe- Iago» noi^ called Padno» fituate on the coaft of NaCoIin, between Samos and Nicaria, and about twenty miles in circumference. Being one of the mod barren heaps of rocks in the Archipe- iago, it might have continued for ever unnoticed, but for the Book cf Reve- lauon which St. John compofed here. In the inidft of the ifland rifes a mouni- tain, terminated by the convent uf St. John, which, with its irregular towers aadnafly appearance, one might welj imagine to $e a citadel. The inhabi- tants of this convent arr in reality the fovereigns of the country : but their ^maini would be infufficient for their maintenance, were it nut for the poflef- fion of fome lan^s in the neighbour- ing ifles, and the certain tribute they derive from the fuperftition of the Greek). Thefe monks, called caloyers, are fpread over all Greece. Scarce any of them can read, and yet they all underft Roma, and on the SW by the fea. It is 35 miles in length, and 30 in bieadth. Viterbo is the capital. l•ATRI^GTol«, a town in the S riding of Vol klhire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated at the mouth of the Humber, 50 miles SE of York and 191 N of London. Patti, a town of Sicily, in the Val-di Demona, with a birtwp'i f«» feated on the gulf of Patti, aS railci t f AV if of Mefllna. Lon. 15 » E, lat. j^ II N. Pau, a large town of France^ in the department of the Lo ver Pyrenees, *ith a caftle where Henry IV was ]: is feated on an eminence, at the I'OQt of which nini tfaie Gave, 97 miles $ of Bourdeauv. Pa VIA, a fortified town of Italy, in ffie duchy of Milan, capital nf the Pa- «efan, with a celebrated ntfiverfity, t bi (hop's fee, aad a bridge o^er the Tefino. In the centre of the town is acaftie, where tlii'eancientdokesof Mi- lan refided. It has bee»«ften taken :nd retaken, the laft time by the Auftrians in 1746. It ti 1$ miles S of Milan. Lon. 9 X5£, lat. 45 13 % Paul, St. a town of Prance, in the depal^tment of the Straiu of Calais r6 miles fron Arras. Pau£, St. a town of BrafiU in the captainlhip of Sc Vincent. It is if kind of independent republic, com- pofed of the banditti of feveral nations, *ho, however, pay tribute to the Portaguefe. Lon. 45 fa W, lat. I3 tSS. pAtIL>Dt-FyNOVILIr partment of Drome, feated on the de< cllvity of a hill, 16 miles S of Monte- litnar. Paula* a town of Naples, in Cala- bria L'iteriore, feated near the fea, 1 a miles W of Cofenza. Lon. 16 9 £, lit. 39 24 K. Pavoasan, a fcaport of Africa, in the IHe of St. Thomas, with a fort lid a bifliop'o fee. It belongs to Por- tpgil, and lies under the equator, in bn, 8 30 W. Pavtzki;, a town of Weftein Piudia, in Pumerellia, »5 mile« fr»in Dantzic. PAvsiLirrOf amounuiatfluljr, PEE five miles from Puxcoli, celebrated fbr a giotto^ which is a fubtenaneous paf- fage through the mountain, a mile in length, 20 feet in breadth, and 30 in height. People of fafltion drive through this paflTage with torches ; but the country people find their W«y, withouC much diflicuity, by the light which en- ters at the extremitiesi and at two holes pierced through the mountain, near the middle of the grotto, which admit light from above. On this mountain atfo is the celebrated to^b of Virgil. Pasia, a town in Peru, and in the audience of Los Charcas, with a bKbo^'s fee, 350 miles SE .«£ Qakfu Lon. 64 30 W, lat. 17 10 S. Pazsy, a town of Romania, naar Gallipoli, with a biftop's fee Lon. 26 59 £, lat. 40 33 N. PzAX, a mountainous country in Derbyfhire, which abounds in lea4f millftones, and wbetftones;. It ti! much vifited on account of its extraordinary caverns, perforations, and other curio, fities. The < Wonders of the Peak* have been celebrated both in prolie and verfe. Pb A ft Loll LAND I, Iflands lying in the bay of Panama, in S America* The inhabitants of Panama have plan* tations in them* PxATHs, or PtsaSf aa It la pro- nounced, a vaftchafm in the niQUA* tains of the NE part of Eerwickihire. It is more than 160 feet deep, an4 over it is a noble bcidge of four arches* From its vaft height, it greatly refem* bles an ancient Roman aqueduA. PtCKHAM, a village of Surry, in the parilh of Camberwell, with a note4 frtir on the 2 1 ft of Auguft. Pxc oppofite Point Caly- mere on the peninfttla of Hindooltan^ Lon. ?o 27 E, lat, 9 5a N, PsDRo, St. one of the iflands in the S pacific Ocean, called Marquefas. Lon. 138 51 W, lat. 9 58 S» Peebles, a borough, a capital of Peeblcfliirc, feated on the Tweed, (ivervhich is ah ancient bridge. It has inanufadlortcs of carpets and ferges, and a market for corn and cattle. Se- fore the prefent elegant church was credled, divine iervlce was peribrmed Iti part of an ancient monaftery,, in Nvhich fever'al jcings are faid to have re- ■fidsd'.' PeeKles Is 21 miles S of Edin- liurgh, ' Lon. 3 7 W, lat. 55 36 N. . PsE£L£S^HIRK,OrTwEEDDALX,' a coirnty of Scctland, bounded on the N by Edinburghfliire } on the E by Selkirk/hire : on the 5 by Dumfries- iljire J and on the W by Lanerkihire. It IS 2$ miles long from N to S, and Above I Abroad. SeeTwEZj>SMUiR. ' Pe E k^ ' a fmall towti and county in the bi{ho'pri9 of Lieg?. I^n. 5 ao £> faN-'5i'8"N. - . . - . Peise. ' See PxATHS. Pec'nafie.l, a town of Spa"n'^ m 0jd Cajlile, rrmarkaBle for its jv'ice, caftle, fortifications, and cheefes. It » feaird on the Diou«io, ab ouLss S£ ^fVailadolid. ' Pegn'Macob, a town of Portu- a^ in'Bcir^, witha callle, 40 miles N " cif Alcantara. Pegnaranda, a town of Spain, in Old Caitile, somiles'SWof Oime- lo. Pecu, a kingdom of Afia, lying to the SE of Bengal. It is bounded un ihc N by Burmari } on the W and S by the ocean ; and on the Z by Laos a"d Siam. It has a town of the fame hathe, 70 miles within land, and above ao miles in circumference ; but not one twentieth part of it ib inhabited j for it was ruined by the king of Bur- mah. *rhe country is fertile j its pro- du£ts much the fame as in Hindooftan, The women are much fairer than the meoj^ (auiUf but well propoccioned* If tile wife prove falfe, the huiband 11197 fell her for ■ /lave { ind if he go aftray, flie will give hiina dofe of poifon. 'l)\in are a vaft number of temples, tnoAly of wood, varnilhed and giit. Tl\e priefts, called Talaiwini, aie aliowid. ground, wh.''"h they cultivate for their fubfiftcnce ; and they are faid to. ^e ftriit obfervers ot morality. The idoli in their temples are in a fitting pofture, like tailors, and with veiy large care.. In the low flat part of the country, which is liable to be overflowed, theie houfes are buiitf up*n ftakes, and in time of inundations^, the inhabitant) communicate with each other byboati.. Pegu was an independent kingdom, till '7S'» when it was reduced, by the king of Burmah, to the ftate ofa de- pendent province. Loa. of the town- of Pegu, 96 35 £, lat. 16 50 N. Peini, a town, in the duchy of Brunfwick, 17 miles W of Brunfwick^ Lon. 10 19 £, lat.. 5a a5 N. PxiPus, ilarge lake of Rujlia, in the government cf Riga^ It has a communication with the lake of Wert* zerwe ; and as the river Narova i(ru«» from lake Plepus, it has a communica- tion allb, at jt>fatvj(f,jwi|;|i the gulf of Finland. Peishoex, or PiSHoua, aconfi. derable city of Hindooftan Proper, iiv the province of Cabul. It is (ubjeA to the kingof Gandahar, and i» 5 ai!.. NWofAttock. Lon. ^9 54 > 4, 32 44 N. Pekin, the capital of the empire^ China, feated in a fertile plain, in tbt province of Pe-tcheli, 50 miles from the great Wall. It toitus an exaS Iquare, at.d is divided ir.to iwo cities { the firft inhabited by Chinel'e, thefe- cond by Taitar-, ! h'^fe two ciues, excluljve of the I'uburbs, ate compu- ted to be fix full leaj;ues in circumfe- rence. The httii;lii .> ul'th cknels of the walls of :he 'Titut ciiy excite ad- miration J la hcriemcn might eafily ride abienfl; on them; and there are fpaciovis towers, a bowfliotdiftanttVom each other. The Itreets are petfeflly ftraight, three milf s in length, and 120 feet wide, with (hops on wtl< lides, All the grc»t ftreeis af ^',iiauied by foU .|C(IVV,'(\»,«. rEi::^ ttt iliii, who patrole night and ilay with their colour, plainly (bowed, that tfief fwods by their fides, and whips in had never before feen a white miirii their hand», to chaftife thofe..who make' The clothes of the ftrangersatfo puzzled' any difturjjance, or take the;n intocuf- them eiceedingly ; for it feemed to b* tody. The little flreets have lattice- gates at their entrance into the great ftrtets, which ate Ihut up at night, and guarded by foldiers, who fnfter no a matter of doubt with- them, whether' thel'e and their bodies dirf not form one' fubrtance. They had no idea of- th«' nature of.- powdrr and (hot, and 'were' aflemb ies in the ffreets at that time, exceedingly amazed on feeing its ef- The walls of the . emperor's palace, including that and the gardens, are twomiieain length , and the architec - ture of the ftupendous pile of buildings of which it confidft, is entirely diffe- rent from that of the European, and they ave covered with tiles of a fhining bcmtiiul yellow. The ifthabitants of Pelcin are eftimated at i,oco,odo. A Ruffian church is eftabliihcd here with afeminary, in which the ftudents are permitted to refide for the purpofe of otherwife, h; learning the Chlnefe lariguage. Since them("°lves, i this eftablilhment, many interefting publications have appeared at Peterf- burgh, relative to the laws, hiftory, ind geography of China, tranflated from the originals publi(hed at Pe^n. This city is- 560 miles N by W of Nanking. Lon. ii'<6 14 E, iat. 3'9 54 N. PiLEGifiNO, MottNT, a promoH feds. Their principal arms confift oF bamboo darts, from five tq eight feet long, pointed with the woodofrhe be*- tei-nut treej but there are (hort oneS' for diftarit marlosi which are thrown by a ftick' two feet I6ng. The chiefs- wear a'bone'roundone'of their wriftst in the form of a bracelet, hich being a mark of great. honour conferred by thekingon officers of ftate, comman- ders,- or perfons, who by valour, or ave greatly diflinguirtied'^ is nc'ver to be par;eJ v/ith but with life. They are not all of the fame degree, as appeared from » difference in the bone they wore. Captain Wiifon was invefted with th€ highett order of the bone. "With refpeffc to property in thefe iflands, a man's houf?, or canoe, is considered as his own, as is alfo the land allotted to him as long as he occupies Snd cultivates \t\. tor/ on the N coaftof Sicily, twomiles but whenever he removes with his fa- W of Palermo. The profpeft Itom this mount Is beautiful and extenfive. On tl>ib mount h% cavern, in which' is the image of St. Rofniia, who is faid shave died here ; and rourd the cave njily to another place, the ground re- verts to the king, who gives it to whom he pleafes. The natives are ftuuty w^lUmadcj rather above the middling iUture, and ot' a very deep copper of this faint (who is the patronefs of colour. Their hair is long, and gene- ^ilermo) a church is built, where rally formed into one large loofe curl priefts attend, to watch the prec'ious round their heads. The men are na- relics, and receive the offerings of the ked : the women wear two little aprons, pilgrims. one before, the other behind. Bothr Pelxw Islands, a cjufter of if- fexes are tatooed ; their fieth are made knds in the N Pacific Ocean, lying black, by art ; they are very expert in between 130 and 136° £ Ion. and 5 fwimming ; and the men are admitable ■ind 90 N Iat. Capt. Wiifon, of the divers. Such an opinion had the king wrecked he.e in 1783, 'fduna"hi\:Yfa8 Qfjheidand enteitainedof theEngliflj, tives f\mple in their manners, delicate his fecond fon, Lee Boo, 6) aAi/?ttp*l in their fentiment5,and friendly in their ny them to England, where this hope- difpofuion } in fine, a people that do ful youth unhappily died of the fmalU honour to the human race. The afto. pox in 1784. The Eaft-India Com- nifliraent which ihofe, who firft difco- pa£ Ba« 4», ' PsLLA) 'i town of T-.-Ir'T in Eu» mpcy in Jannai 50 miles W Ot Sitlo- furKu PzLOSOf a town of Naples, InBa- Aiicata, 35 miles W of Bari. Pemba, a province of Africa, in Congo, the capital of the fame name. Lon. 18 25 it lat. 7 30 S. PxMBKiDGBt a town of Hereford* ikirie, with a market on Tuefday ; feated on the Arrow, is miles NW of Nerefoid, and 14; WNW of London. PxMBBOKX, the capital of Pem» brokefhiref witii a market on Saturday. It is featrd on the innermoft creek of Milford Haven, over which are two handfome bridges. It is furrounded by a wail, with three |ates, and has a caftle, on a rock. It has two churches, fends one member to parliair.ent, and is 10 miles SE of Haverfordweft, and *37 W by N of London. Lon. 4 55 W, lat. 51 43 N. Pembrokeshiie, a fertile county •fS Wales, 37 miles in length, 18 in breadth, and furrounded by the fca, except on the ¥., where it is bounded by Carmarthenihire and Caidiganlhire* It contains five market-towns, and 145 pari Acs, and fends three membeit to farliament. PxMA Garcia, a town of Portu- gal, in Beira, with a cafile, fix nulet £ofld»nbaVelba. PXNALVA, a town of Portugal, 10 Beira, ieated on a hill, with « caftle, «ght miks S of Coimbra. Pbnautieb, a town of France, in the idicpartment of Aude^ four miles H of CarcaHonne. . PxHSEMNis, a caftle in Cornwall, ftanding on Falmouth Bay, on a hill of thf fame name, oppofLt(L.lJM)Ui)^«Sifa iSa miles W by S of London. PxNEMVNOXK, a fortrefs of Prttf« fun Pomerania, on the ifle of Ufedom, at the mouths of the Pene and Oder. Lot). 14 10 IE, lat. 54 16 N. FxKSv^M Iilamb and Bat, on FEM the coafl ofPaU^nia, 181 nilet N of Po.r St. Julian. Lat. 47 48 S. PxNiCKX, a fhong feaport of Por. tugal, in Eftiramadura, with a cittdel, 34 miles N of Li Awn. Penicx, a town of Germany m Mifnia, featcd on the Muite, cigiit miles y. of Alcenburg. Peniscola, a town of Spain, ig Valencia, feated on a high point of land, on the Mediterranean, 60 miles N of Valencia. Lon. 1 oE, lat. 40 29 N\ PsNXxiD'CX, a decayed town U Stafibrdfhire, with a market nn Tuef. day. It is principally noted for iu horfe fairs, and is fix miles Sof Suf. ford, and 129 MW of London. Pxnmaenmawr, aoncetrenen. dous precipice of Carnarvonihire, overhanging the fea } but now fafei; crolTed by a good road. It it fotu miles SW of Aherconway. PxNMArxox, a town of Spain, In the Aftutias, feated on the Ah, 24mi!esSWofOvicdo. Pe n n a .' i, Ok , a town of Spain, is Andalufiai feated near the Xenil, i* miles N of Ecjia. Pennax, a river in the peDlnfuJi of Hlndooftan, which watering Gooty, Gandicotta, Cuddapah, and VelloK, enter* the baj of Bengal at Canga. patnam. Pennon, a fort of Africa, on a fmall ifland before the harbour cf Al. giers. PxNNON D% VEtEz, a very ifli' portant feaport of Barbary, feated on a rock, near Velcz. It was built hy the Spaniards, in 1508, taken by the ^oon in 1512, and retaken in i664< It is 75 miles £ of Ceuta. Lon. 4 W, lat. 35 25 N. Pennsylvania, oneoftheUni. ted States of N America, bounded on the £ by the river Delawarr, dividine the "S by Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware ) on the W by Virginia and the weftern territory} and on the NW by lake Erie, on which it lia^a confiderable front, and a good pon, lying within 200,000 acres of land puK^iiafed of congrei's by tlus flau« ,.,..»» i\»\.«y», PEN PER It Is an sblong fqu^re, 290 mites from £ to W, and 1 56 from N to S, and contains zo counties. Its produce is corn, cattle, timber, potaib, wax, (Iciiis, furtf Sec- Plailadelphia is the capital. Penobscot, along and capacious bay of N America, in the diftriA of Main, at the mouth of the river Pr. oobfcot. PiNRisE, a feapottofGlamorgan- ihire, with a market on Thurfday, 20 miles SE of Carmarthen, and 219 W of Loadon. Lon. 4 11 W, lat. 51 37 N. Penrith, a large town of Cum- berland, with a market on Tuesday, a 'pacious market-place, a caftle, and rcverai remains of antiquity. It is 18 miles S of CaiUfle, and z8o NNW of London. Pi^fRVNi a borough of CbrrtWall, with three markets, on Wednefd.*)', Friday, and Saturday. It is feated on acretfk of Falmouth Haven, and hasia tiTidein the pilchard and NewfoundUnd fiftieHes. Iris three miles N W of Fal- moutlf, and *66 W 1»y S 6f London,' Lon. 4 59 W, lat. 50 id N. PtNSAC6LA,the capital of W Flo- rida, fejted on a hay of cht'lgulf af Mex- ico whicfh forms a very lafe harbour. L6n. 85 a4 W, lat. 30 3a N. PtlitSAKCE, or PxNiAKCX, » lldurilbing fesport of Cornwall, with a market on Thurfday. It h a corpora- tion, and one of the tin-coinage towns j and is feikted on a creek in Mountibay, in thepariOi of Madern, iz miles £ of the Land's End, and 2S1 W by S ef London. Ldn. 535 W, lat. 50 Ii'N. PxNSFORD, a town in Somerfet- fll're, with a njarkef on Tuefday. It is noted for its hats and bread, and li feated on the Chew, feveta n-iJes W of Bath, and 1 17 W by S of London. Pemza, a government of RuHia, formerly a province of Kafan. Is ca- pita!, of .the f titic hanr.e, is feated on PcMTLAKD Hills, a ridge «f mountains, InEdinburghfliire, txtenJ* ing ten mllea from SW to N£. Pentlano Skskkixs, a dufterj ; of rocks at the E entrance oif Pentland Frith. ; Pxtt>nge. It is 83" miles in length. the Sura, where it receivesi the rivulet and 60 in breadth ; and now furmf Penu. PiKTL AND Frith, a ftra.t which I iifides the Orkney Ida^ids from Caith- •eiisflure. the department of Dordog- e. PsRiGvxvx, an ancient town of ' France, capital of the departmetlt vi^ ' T5 .,'Cu.'^L., ^:-: s: . ,*.^ik'i^jLkh ?. 5 ^ Hordogne, with a bifliop's fe«, tRe ruiniofthe temple of Venus, and aa amphitlicitre. It is featcd on the fiver Ifle, 50 miles SW of L'imogcs. Lon. 048 E, lat. 45 II N. Pein, a government of Ruflia, formerly a piovince of Kafan. It is divided into two provin.ccs , nameiy Parm, the capital of which, of the /ame name, is feated on the Kama ; and Catharinenburg, the capital of which is of the ->e Ci?:. Pernambuc -, l'l; lat. 44 great mogul, in 1737, toNadir Shah. Kerim Khan, another of Nadir's officers, obtained the fovereignty of a:l the fouthcrn provinces. He transfer- red the feat of government from Ifpa- han to Schiras. He refufed the title of Stab, or king, being fatisfied with that of Proteftor of Perfia. He was beloved by his fubjefts, and revered by foreign powers. On his death, in PtRSHORK, a town of Worccfter- 1779» otw cojwpctUors for the thrMi PER PER fining upi and have almoft ever (ince continued 'to fpread Haughter and de- folacion over this unhappy country. Tue Perfians are generally Mahome- tans, of the fedl of Ali. - Persia, Gutr or, a gu'f be- tiven Perfia ^nd Arab'ra Felix. The entrance near Ormus is not above 30 anllesover} but withiri it is 18c in breadth, and the length from Ormus to the mouth of the Euphrates is 420 miles. PxiTR, aflourifliing town of Scot- land, capital of Perthihire, feated on the Tay, over which is an elegant ftone biidge of nine archrs. It has two churches, one of which belonged to a fine abbey. Perth has been thr rtfidence of the fovereigns of Scotland, and the feat of the parliament and of th« fuprtme courts of juiUee. The tide comes up to this places the river is luvigable fur fmall veflels ; and here is a great manufadiory of linen and cotton. Perth is 30 miles N of Edin- burgh. Lon. 3 ay W, Jat. '5ft 2a N. Perthshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N by the ihircs of In- vernefs and Aberdeen ; on the £ by Angusfhire and the frith of Tay; 'on' the S by the counties of Fife, Kinrofs, Cackma :an, and Stirling} and on the W by Argyiefliire. Ic extends 60 miles from E to W, and nearly the fan.fc from N to S. See Athol. Perth Amboy, a feaport of N Amer cj, in N; w J'rfey, feated on a neck of land, between the river Ra- riun and Aithur Kull^ Sound, It lies open to Sandy Hook, has oneof the beft harbours on the continent, and is 25 mles. SW of New York. Lon. 750 W, lat. 40 -? 5 N. PtRTuiat a towri of France, in the department of rhe Mouths of the Rho e, 10 miles N of Aix. l*£Rii, a large couniry of S Ame- rica, boit!(dtd on the N hy Popayan, on fh' W by the PacTic Ocean, on the S by Cliili, and ontl'e R by rhe An- des., It is 1500 miles* in length from N to S, and 125 in breadth bitw-en the Andes and the ocean j hai in other places it is much broader. When the $p>uiiarda landed ta this country in 1530* they found it governed by (ore- reigns called Incas, who were revered by their fubjeds as divinities ; atrd the inhabitant were found to bemuch more poliflied than tlie natives of other parts of America, thofc of Mexico except- ed. Thefe were foon fubdued by a few Spaniards, under the' tommand of Francis Pixarro. Peru is now divided into the three audiences of Quito^ Uma, or Lus Reyes, and Los Ghar- cos } ths whole under the government of a viceroy, whofe authority once ex- tended over all S America poiTeiTed by the Spaniards ; but as fome of the countiies in this vaft jurifdiAion are above 20co miles diftant fro.n the fupreme feat of juftice at Lima, the inhabitants were fubjedt to the greateft inconveniences ; to remedy which two new viceroyalties have been eftabli/h*' ed. Ti^e firft, is ftxed at Santa Fe de Bogota, the capital of the new kingdom of Granada, and extends oveir the whole of Terra Firnta, and thte- audkertce cff Quito. In the jurifdiAion of tlie fecond, eftabliHied in 1776, are tHe provinces of Rio-de.Ia«PIata« Buenos Ayres,- Paraguay, Tucujrnan^ Potofi, Santa Cruz de la Sierra,- afrd the towni ofMendoza iind St. Jiian. Peru has been long celebrated foi- itS mines of gold and-'filver, all the quicks filver ufed in the refining of which i^ extradted ' from the famous mine of Ouahcabelica. Quinquina, or Jefuits Bark, the virtues of which arc to wclf known, is found only in this country. The fif rceft beads of prey in Peru are the puma and jaquai^ inaccurately called lions and tig>rs by the E'uiopeans^ but poiTelling neither the undaunted courage of the former, nor the raven- OBS cruelty of the latter : they are hardly /ormidable to- man, and ofteri turn their backs on the Icalt apporanci of refiftance. A quadruped, called ttjc lama, peculiar to th's country, was taiTied to domeftic purpofes by the ancient Peruvia»s.. In form it bears fome refemblanci; to a deer, and fome to a camel, and is of a fijte fume- what larger than a flieep-. Its wool furnhhed the Peruvians with clothing^ its flefh with food. It was even em* PES ployed at a bsaft of burden, and car- ried a moderate load with much pa • ticnce and docility} but it wae never tifed for draught. Among the birds, the moft remarkable is the condor, which is entitled to pre-eminence over the flying tr'je, in bulk, itrength, and courage. The rifer Guyaquil abounds with alligators, and the neigh- bouring country fwarmi almoft as much with fnakes and vipers, as that round Porto Bello drjcs with toads. Notwith- ftandingthe vaftnunnbers of the original natives tliat peri/hed, from various caufes, fince the conquelt of the coun- try by the Spaniards* their numbers are ftill very great } and Several dif- triAs, patticuiaily in the audience of Quito, are occupied almoft entirely by Indians. Liiua is the capita!. See Aifoxi. Rbkugia, a populous city of Italy, capital of Perugino, with a ftrong ci- tadel, a uaiverlity, and a bil1iop*s fee. Jt is feated on a hill, 75 miles N of Rome. Loa. xz ao £, J^t. 43 6 N. PsavciA, a lake of Italy, eight aults from the city of that naaie. It is live mUes in diameter^ and has three iflaads. PraveiHo, a province of Italy, in tike territory of the church, bounded Jan the W by Tufcany, on the S by Orvieto, and on the W by the duchies of Spoleto and Urbino. It is 25 miles ' » length, and near as much in breadth. The capital is Perugia. PsHUK0> a large town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, with a bifltop's fee, a cadle, and an excellent bafbour. Its ftteets are paved with bricks. It is feated on an eminence, at the anouth of the Foglia, cr the gulf of Venice, 17 miles NiE of Urbino, and 330 NC cf Rome. Lon. 13 o E, lar. 43 52 N. PxscAa A, a ftrong town of Naples, in AbruzzQ Citeriore, feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, in the gulf of Venice, eight nAtlrs from Ckta di-Penna, and 100 NEof Naples. hon. 15 a E, lat. 4a 27 N. PxscHiXEA, a town of Italy, in the Veronefe, with a caftle and a fort } ^c«d b» the riKi Muwio, which pro- PET ceedrfrom lake Card', 16 t&iles W of Verona. PxsENAS, an ancient town of France, in the department of Herault, leaied on the Prin, xa miles NE of Beziers. PxsT, a town of Upper Hunga^, capital of a CQonty of the fame name, feated on the Danube, oppofite Buds. Lon. 18 25 E, lat. 47 34 N. PxTAw, an ancient town of Ger. many, in the duchy of Stiria, feated on the Drave, 109 miles S of Vienna. Px-TCHXtl, TCHKLT, Or Ll. rA-rou, the principal province of China, bounded on the N by the great Wall and part of Tartary, on the Eby the Yellow Sea, on the S by Chang-tonj and Hunan, and on the W by the moun> tains of Chan-H. It contains nine cities of the Arft clafs, which have feveral others under their jurifdidioo, The temperature of the air in this pro- vince does not feem to agree with its latitude; for, although Pe-tchelin. tends no further than the 4and degree N, yet all its rivers are fo much froxea during tbu^ months in the year, that waggons with the heavieft loads may fafely paft them. The foil is fandy,and produces very little tice} but it aboundt with aii other kind of grain, and with the greater part of the fruit trees we have in Europe.' Pekin is the capita). Petxb and Pavl, St. or Pi< TxorAWLOSKOi, a fcaport of Kant- fchatka, in the Ruffian gnverament of Irkutsk, confifting of fome mifa. rable loghoufes and a few conical hutti Lon. 158 35 £, lat. 53 i N. PiTKRaoKoucH, a city of Nor* thamptonihire, with a bilbop's fee, and a market on Saturday. It is feat. ed on the Nen, over which is a bridge I to Huntingdon/hire. It has but one church bcfiile the cathedral. It lias a trade in corn, coal, and timber, and fends two members to parliament. It is 30 miles S of Bofton, and 81 N of London. Lon. o lo W, lat. 5a 30 N. PxTXEHXAD, a town of Aber- deenfUre, fituate near the mouth of the Ugie. It has an excellent har« boor, dditjidcd by a new pier. A PET fEV {gaiMerable trade is carried oil} both tn many flTreets contiguous to «acft' idtbe fifliery, and to the Baltic} and other, yet ftill bran a refemblancc to- iKfe IS a manufadoryof fewing thread, die towns of- this coutitry, and is built A mineral fpring^ of a powerful diu- in a very ftraggting manner. It hat been lately inclofed within' a ramparty the cxrcumference of which is r4-< miles* The inhabitants are computed to be 1-^0,000. The oppofite divi-- fions of Peterlburgh, fituate or. each fide of the Neva, are- connected by a bridge on pontoons, which, on account' of th*" large mafTes of ice driven down the ftream from lake Ladoga, is ufual* ly removed when they firlt make their appearance; and for a few days, till' the river can bear carriages, there is no communication between the oppo* fite parts of the town. Among the nobleft ornaments of Peteriburgh is an equeftrian ftatue of Peter the Great^ in bronze, of a cobiTal fisie } the pe- deftal of which is a hwge rock. By this contrivance the great civilizer of fheets, in general, are broa4 and his country appears in the atdtude (>f fpicious, moft of them paved, bur afcending a precipice, the fummit of a few are ftill fuffiered to remain which he has nearly attained. It was erefted on the pedefta)^ by the emprefs^ in 1782. Ill the fortrefs is the ca- thedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, in it6c quality, and the fea bathing, kring * C^t refort of company, for trhofe accommodation there is a ball* tooffl and many elegant houfes. It lies a little to the N of Buchannefs. PiTXRSBUBGH, a town of Vir- ginia, feated on the AppamatoXi 15 ■ilts S of Richmond. PZTEftSBVaCKkOrST. PXTIRS- lutGH, the metropolis of the empire sfRoflia, in the government of the dtne name, feated on the Neva, near the gulf of Finland, and built partly on fomc iflands in the mouth of the rive.-, and partly on the continent. The koilding of this city was begun, in 170}, by Peter the Great } and, nine years after, the fea4. of empire was transferred to it from Mofcow. The which are depofited the remains of Peter the Great, and of the fucceilive fovereigns, except Peter II and Peter III. Peteriburgh is 555 miles NW of Mofcowy 52$ N£ of Copenhagen, Lon. 30 floored with plabks } and, in fevetal pirtt, wooden houfes, fcar^y fuperior to common cottages, are blended with the public buildings. The manfions of the nobility are vaft piles of build iogs, furnilhed with great coft, in the fame elegant ftyle as at London. The Neva is, in many places^ as broad as the Thames at^'London, and its banks and 300 N£ of Stockholm. are fined on each fide with a continued 19 E, lat. 59 56 N. range of ha'tdfome buildings. On the ' Psteisfixld, a borough of N fide are the fortrefs, the academy HampAire, with a market on Satur- of fciences, and the academy of arts* day, iS miles NE of Poitfmouth, and On the S fide are the imperial palace, 53 SW of London. the admiralty, the manfions of many Pztzbshagkn, a town tfCerm Ruffian nobles, and the Englifli line many, in the principality of Minden* feated on the Wefer, three miles froia Minden, and 37 W of Hanover. Pxtersmam, a village in Siirry, fc called, becaufe (a few houfes rx ceptcd) the whole row is occupied by the Engliih merchants. In the front ofthefe buildings, on the S fide, is the quay, which extends thee miles, except where it is interrupted by the admiralty ; and the Neva, during the whole of thatfpace, has been embank- ed, at the expence of the prefent em- prefj, by a wall, parapet,>and pave- snentofhewn granite. Peterftiurgh, fituite on the Thames, on the S fide of^ichmond Hill. The church WaS a cnapet of eafe to Kingfton, but, in 1769, was formed into one vicarage with Kew. It is near 10 miles WSW of London. PXTKKWAKADIM, a tOWH of Sciavonia, one of the ftrongeft frontier although it is more compa^ than the placesthehoufeof Auftriahasagainfttha l|tiiir&uiuneUic$»aodhttthelMivlct Tiuki, evccwhom« in 1716^ princft : t P A .Eugene bare gained a great victory. It it featrd on the Danube, 35 miles N W of Bel^iade. Lon. zo ^o £, lat. 4,s 26tf. ■ PSTHKkTONt a town inScnnerfet- fliire, with a market on Tuefday It is feated on the Farret, 18 miles S by W of Wells, and 133 W by S of London. Petigliamo, a town of Tufcany, in the Siennefe, eight miles W of ipaftro, anii 45 SE of Sienna. Pbtit Guavx, a feaport of the Weft Indies, iii the ifland of St. Do. fningo, feated on a bay at the W end of the ifland. It is aoo miles E of Jamaica. Lon. 72 $% W, lat. 18 ay N. Petouni', a city of Eaftern Chinefe Tartary, in the department of Kirin. It has fcarcely any inhabitants but Tartar (bldiers and Chinefe con* demned to exile. It is feated on the river Songari, iiz miles N by E of the city of Kiiin, and 500 NE of Pe-^ kin. Lon. 114 55 E, lat. 45 3 N« Petrikow, a town uf Great Po- land, in the palatinate of Sitadia, 80 piilesSWofWarfaw. PxTKiNA, aftrung town of Auf. trian 'Croatia, feated on the Petrina, Z7 miles E of Carlftadt. Petxopawlgskoi. See Peter. AND Paul, St. , Pettaw, a townof Gbrmany, in the duchy of Stiria. It belongs to the biihop of Sa tzburg, and is feated oit* the Drave, 28 miles S of Grata. , Pettapolly, a feaport ofHin- doofVan, on the c:)aft of Coromandel,^ where the Dutch have a fa^ry. Lon. ^o 46 £, lat. 1^5 49 N. - Pettycur, a harbour of Fife/hire, a mile, from K-nighoro, at the entrance of the frith of Forth. It is the iand- ing-place of pnflengers from Leith, on the oppofite fliore. A baHn has la^ly been conftrufted here. Petworth, a town in Suirex, witlj a market on Saturday, feated- near the Arun, 12 miles NEof Chi- thefter, and 49 SW of London. ' . PFAFENHorFEN, a town of Up- per Bavaria, feated on the IliD) 19 miles NW of Ratl/boiu . , . PHI Pk-i^T, or Forxttx, a town of France, in the department of Uppa Rhine, 10 miles W of Bafii. Pfortsheim, a town of Gcrn)a< ny, in the mvquifate of Badcn.Dur< lach, with a caftle, feated on the Euta^ 1 5 miles SE of Ourlach. PfreiMB, a town in the Upper Palatinate of Bavaria, whh a caftle, feated at the confluence of the Pfrelot and Nab, 10 miles NE of Ambarg. PruLLEMBOXP, an impel iai town of Suabia, feated on the AndalfpKh, 37 miles SW of Ulm. Phanagoria, a fmall and beat, tifui ifland of Afla, in the ftrait of Cafta. Pharos, a fmall ifland in the Mt. diterranean, oppolite Alexandria, jq Egypt, the fpace between which and the continent forms an extendve har- bour. It has a communication with the continent by a flone caufeway and bridge. It formerly had an exceedingly high iighthouf:,, called the Fharoj, whence the ifland took its name. Lon. 31 II £, lat. 30 24 N. Pharza, anciently Fharsaiia| a town of Turkey in Europe, in Jan. na, famous for the decifive vidory gained by Julius Cefar over Pompey, anno 48 B. C. It is feated on the Ennipeus, is an archiepifcopal lee, and: Is 10 miles S of Lanfla. Phasis, a river of Ada, which crofles lyiingrelia, and fails into the Black Sea. Pheasants Isle. See Fai* SANTS. Philadelphia, an ancient ciry- of Nacolia, feated at the toot of. the mountain Tmolus. The Greeks re- tain its ancient name,, but the Turks Cill it Allahijah. It contains ncco inhabitants, among whom are 2000 Chriftians, who have a Greek arch- biihop. It is 40 miles £Sh (f Smyrna. Lon. 28 15E, lat. 38 28 N. PHitAi>EtPHiA,acouncyofPenn. fylvania, 23 miles long, but not fix bwad. Ill 1790, it contained 54,39^ inhab'tants. Philadelphia, the capital of the county of Philadelphia, the ftate of I^cnnfyivania^ and» till tbe ycu r,i,.«*»^H«v Tilt PHI jloo, of the United Statet of Ame- genan, in i s*«« lid. It is feated between the Delaware tnd Schuylicill, and was founded in i6Sx, by William Penn, who, ia 1701, granted a charter, incorpo- rating the town under the governreent «f a mayor, recorder, eight aldermen, ]j common council-men, a (heiiii^ and clerk. The ftreets are fpacious and regular, interfe^ling each other at right angles. This city contains 5000 boul'es, in general handfomely built of brick, and 40,000 jnhabiunft, com Thcprinc1p«|lflann. It was taken by late war, contrary to the e(labli(hed frirciplcs of the friends. Here alfo is a fynagogue for the Jews. The Ger- nan Lutheran church, one of the fineft ip the union, was dedroyed by fire, Dec. a6, 1794. A univerfity was founded here during the war : its funds were partly given by. the fts^te, and partly taken from the old college. A malignant fever raged here, tn J793, which, in the couirfe of Auguft, the Englifli in 1708, and in 1756 by. and the three fuceeeding months, car- ried oil' 403 1 of the inhabitants. Phi- ladelphia is 97 miles SW of New York, 356 SW of Bofton, and 118 N of the entrance of the Delaware into the At« I 'Untie. Lon. 75 13 W, lat. ^9 56 the French, who reftored it in 1763. The Spaniards retook it in the laft war. Lon. 3 48 E, lat. 39 50 N. Philipsburg, a ftrong town of Gei ii;any, in the circle of the UppeK Rhine. It is confidered as one of the bulwarks of the empire. The town Philif^i, an ancient and decayed belongs to the' bilhopof i^pire, but the town of Macedonia, 67 miles £ of Salonichi, with an archbitbop's fee. Here Auguftiis and Antony gained a great vidury over Brutus and Cafliu«, anno 42 B. C. An amphitheatre, uid otner monuments of its anciei, grandeur, remain. Lon. 24 25 E, lat. 40 oN. Philippini, a ftrong town of Dutch Flanders. It was taken by the Frencl in 1747, reftored in 1748, and agiin taken in 1794. k is featc-d on an arm of the ScUeld, 12 mi.'es S£ of Fluihing. Lon. 3 5 1 £, lat. 5 1 16 N. PniLiFPiNx Islands, iflands in &e Indian Ocean, difcoveced by Ma> fortifications to the empire. It has btfen feveral times taken and retaken>^ particularly by the French in 1734, when the duke of Berwick was killed at the fiege j but it was relloied the year following. It is feated on the Rhinp, feven m'les S of Spire, and 40 NE of Stralburg. Lon. 8 33 E, la' 49 12 N. Fhilipstadt, a town of Swe- den, in Wermeland, feated between two lakes, and waiered by a rivvlet. It was built by Charles IX, and called after his fon Philip. In 1775, it was deftroyed by fire, but has been fince rebuilt. It is 20 miles NE of CarU lUdc, and 140 NW uf Siockh:)lm. ^ PTC flOf F«t^ir9T0WN, or Kincston, loutofthe Acore»»orWeft^boroiij;h of Ireland, the capital of Lon. x8»i W.^ lat |8 29 N. King's County, 25 miles NW of KiU PiCTS' Wail, a famous barrifi darr. Lon. 7 50 W, laC 53 15 N. againft the Pids, oJF which fome fmatl PffULiwiLLit, a Arong town of remains are ietic. It began at the en. Francet in the department of the Nonh trance of Sol way Frith, in Cuniberlaod, and late province of HaWiault, fcated and running by Carlifie, was conrinu' on an eminence,. 25 miles SE of ed from W (oE acrcfs the kingdoin,ai Mons, and 1x5 N by £ of Paris. far as Tinoiouth. PfliLiP IsLANDi, two iftands in Piedmont, aprintipality of Italy, the S Pacific Ocean, difcovcieJ by bounded on the N by Va.'!aisj oh the captain Hunter in 1791, and named £ by the duchies of Milan and Mont. after Arthur Phillip, efq. governor of fertat ; oa the S by the county of Nice NewS Wales. They are five miles and the territory 6f Genoa j and on afunder, but almoft joined together by the W by France and Savoy. It was a long Tandy fpit, above water. Lnn. formerly a part of Lciiibardy, but now •f the eafleia ifland 140. 3 £, lat. 8 belongs to the king of Sardinia, an^ lies at the foot of the A ps. It it lyj of miles in length, and 40 in breadth.' It contains many high mountaint, among which are rich vallies. In tht mountains are mines of fevera) kindsr 6S, PiANEZA, a town and caftle Piedmor^t, feated on the Dora> eight niiea from Turin. PiAKozA, an ifland of Italy, in the Tufcan Sea, fix miles S of that of They carry on a great tr^de in raw Slba, belonging to Tufcany. . Lon. filk; and the country produces alfir la 34 £, ht. 42 46 Ni corn, rice, wine, fruit, hemp, flax,' PiAVA, a river, which rifesinthe and cattle-. Turin is the capital of mountains of Tirol, and falls into the this country, and ofall the dominioaf gulf of Venice by two mo- ths, a little of the king of Sardinia. N of Venice. PlENZA, a populous townofTaft PicASDT, a late province of cany, in the Stennefe, with a bifliop's France, bounded on theN by Ffainaok, fee. It is 25 -milei'Sfi of Sienna,' Artol8,andtheftrait8of Dover; on the and 56 S of Florence. E by Champagne; on tha S bv th« Pixirb ie Movtiti, St. a ifle of France) »nd on the W by town of France, in the department of Noraui.' iy and the EngHfli Channel. Mievre, feated near a lake, 15111110 it now forms the department of NW-of M4>ulins, and 1 5a S of Paris. Somnr)c. PicieiTHONZ, a town In the duchy of Milan, with a caftte, in which Francis I, of France* was im- prifoned. It was taken by the French in 1733, but tliey tetlored it. Jt is felted on the Serio, 10 rr.il««.NWof tlieir fi(h. They were dlfpfiflefled of Pi E R a K , St. the capital of Marti-* nico,- on the W fide of the ij Lon. 61 21 W, lat. 14 44 N. Piimz, St- a fmall defert ifland near NewfoundUnd, ceded to the French In 1763, fordrjingandcvirinff Cremona, and 36 SE of Milan. Pickering, a town in the N ri- ding of Yorklhire, with a maikct on Monday. It has an old caftle, in the ruins nf which th^y keep their courts for the hearing of all caufcs under 40 Shillings, in the diftri^): called the Honour or Lib'-rty of Pickering. It J3 16 miles N£ of Yoik, and 223 N by W of Londm. Pic Of the iarge/t and moft f opu- it by the Englifli, in 1793* '^'"'' S^ o W, lat. 40 39 N. Pigeon Island, a fmall i/land eight miles fram the coaft of M.ddbar, and 15 from Onore. Lon. 74 6 £>' iat. 14 I N PiETRo, St. an I/lar^d in the Me- diterranean, near Sirdinia, l^iken by the French in 1793, but retaken foon aft>.r. PiCKStQti a town of Fiediaoot) ■«"ir'»V'-i''JW "WW Tin II the entrance of the valley of ^erufil. It wu in poflelfion of the Freochi «)i« fortified it, and built a caftle on a locki but being reftored to the duke (f Savoy* in 1496, tbe French demo- llihtiithe forcificationi. It is feated M tbe Chidfon, 15 milei SW of Ttrin. PicMiYi a tow» of France, in the department of Aube, la tnilei NE of Troyei. PiLlAtr, a feaport of Pruflia, so ailes W of Koniiigfberg j which fee. PiLf XN> a ftrong town o^ Bohemia, lapita! of a circle *f the fame name. k hat often been taken and retaken, lod ii feated near the confluence of the Mifa and Watto, 47 miles W fay SofPtague. Lon. 13 55 E, lat. 49 46 K. PiLtNA, PitiNO, orPitsovr, a } towa of Little Poland, in the palati- I utc of Sandomir, feated on the WiU iaite, 50 miles E of Cracow. PiLTEN, a town of Courlan^, ca- pital of a territoty of the fame name, Icated on the Windaw, between Gol- I iingen and Wiiidaw* Loa. az 10 £| I lit. 57 15 N. PiNBS, Iits or, m ifland !n fhc I I Pacific Ocean, off tbe S end of New Caledonia. It is 14 milea over in a SE ind NW dire^ion. It is high and ttmarkable in the middle, being ^uite a pointed hill, doping toward the »• feemitiei, It was difcovered by capt. Cook, in 1774. Lou. 167 38 E, I lac 1148 S. PiNG-LKANO.-roii, a city of I China, one of the moft confiderable in I the W part of the province of Chen- fi, lit contains three cities of the fecond, and feven of the third clafs in its dif- tridl, and is feated on the river Kin-ho, ♦80 miles SW of Pekin. * « I J -I •••'■ j> 30 N. I PiM HiANO-rou, a city of China, intheprovinceofChan-fi. Itsdiftrift jtontaina fix cities of the fecond, aai mofthe third clafs. It is 240 milea $W of Pekin, Lon. iii 55 E, lar. 135 55 N. '* ftNNi: t, a Itrong ta-^n of ^Mtugal, jifl the province of Tra-los-Montea, ca- hii «f a territory of the fiuM naixjc^ MS at the confluence of the Cdia and Pfn- - nelf S3 miles N of Guarda. Lon. 4 40 W, lat. 40 46 N. PiNMiMBVRG, a fort and town ill the dothy of Hol9ein, capiul of * county of the fame name. It is feated' on the Owe, 15 miles NW of Ham- burg. Lon. 9 40 £, lat. 53 46 N. FiMoi, an uninhabited iiland os the S fide of Cuba. It is 25 m'liea long, and 15 broad. -Lon* 8z 33 "Wp lat. 22 2 N. PiNSKO, a decayed tovmof Lithua>^. nia, on a river of the fame name. Lon* 26 aoE, lar. 52 18 ti. PiOMBiNo, a feaport of Tufcany^ capital of a principality «f the fame name. It is feated on a bay, 40 milei S of Leghorn, and 60 SWof Florence* Lon. 10 23 E, lat. 4s 57 N. PtoMBiNO, a principality in Tud cany, lying on the Mediterranean*. The ifland of Elba depends apon itj^ and has its own prince, under the pro- tedion of the king of the Two Sicilies*. PlVKKNO, a town of Italy, in the Campagoa of Rome, 50 milea S£ of Rome. PirtxT, a town of Bengal, feated on • rivesy ij miles from Balafore. It formerly had Englifli and Dutchr fadoties. Lon. 86 21 £> lat. ar »o N. Pi 10 miles N of Leghorn^ and 42 W of Florence. Lon.. 10 iiu E, hf. 4:1 43 N. I-.:sAN9, a territory of Tufcany,^ 42 iqIIcc ill length, and- a j in breadth'f; (I ^«iV»V«\ VIZ PL jf n)(l -bounded 00 the W by the Medl- Eufemisy four mtlea /rom Jh^t» t^r4nean. ' Let)ne PiscA, a town of Peru, in the au- -Pt acentia, a town of Spain, ir 4icnce ot Lrma, with a good road fqr Eftramadura, w^th a biihop'^ fee, ani fliips, 140 miles S of Lima. Lun. 76 a cidle, featofl on the Xera, Somilet. »5 W, iat. 13 36S. SW of Madrid. Pi8CATAq.UA, a riverof N Ame- Pt^ACENTiA, a town of Sjiain, iiy rica, in tie £Ute of New HatnpfLire, Guipufco^, feated on the Devj, m. Its mouth forms the. only port in that miles SE ot Bilboa. ftate, and is 60 miles N of Bofton. Pi^acentia, 4 feaportof NAmc Lon* 70 39 W, Iat. 43 25 N. ricn, icated on a bay on the SE part PiSELLO, the moft 1.0 tliern cape of Newfou^jdiand-, 40 miles W' of St. of Ndtolia,#which projcdi into the John. ton. 5 3:43 W, iat. 47 i^N, Black Sea, uppoiite the Crimea, Flace*jt3A, a popylous luwno; PiSToiA, a decayed town of Tuf- Italy, capiial of a duchy of the fame cany, with a btihop's fet. It is fcated, name, with a bifljop's fee, 'a citadel, 9t the foot of the Appennines, near a celebrated univetfity, and 30,000 the river Stella, Xi miles NW of Fio- inhabitants. It was ceded to the king »ence. of Sardinia in 1743. It is feated on- Pjtcaitx'Y Wells, renriarkable the Po. 32 miles NW of Parma, and ^line fprings, near Penh, deemed be- 83 E of Turtn. Lon. 9 38 E, ijt, jieficiai in fcorbutic cafes. 45 5.N* PxTHtAj.aleaportof Sweden, in W Pl acekTIA, aferti!c andpopuloui- Bothnia, fcated on a fmall ifland, at duciiy of Italy, formerly the weliem the muuth of the Pithe ', in the gulf pare of Parma. It is bound'^d -xn the of Bothnia.. It is joined to the conti- £ by that (iucby, on the N and Wbf fent by, a wooden bridge, and' is 80 the Mil/uefi.', and on the S by thettr-f- miles SW of Tornea. Lon, 22 413J!, ritory of Geiiop. It contains mines of- ^t, 65 irN. iron, and fait fprings, from which » PiTSCHXN, 9 tov\*\<\»,^ x^vr|^m tTraguay, and Parana. , It troOesP^^S^^y* ^^^ enters the South- t'm Ocean, in lat. 35° S. It is 150 j^iles broad ut its mouth ; and at Bue- nos Ay res, 30Q miles up the riv«r, titeoppoiite ihure !8 not to be dtfcern« 'pifrora that town. PtATA, Rio-D»-LA» a pwviace I of S America, in Paraguay, on the SW of the ri ver of the fame nafiie. It ii fubje£l to Spain, and at Bu^os Ayres, the capital, a new viceroyalty I was edablilhed in 177 6. See Pe r v. PiAWEN, a town in tile duchy of I Mecklenburg, feated on a river which I Ills into the Elbej ner.r a 1-ilce of the bmt name, 17 miles S of Guftrow. PtAWiN, a town of Germany, in Voigtland, feated on the Elfter, 67, liDlIesSE of Drefden. Pil,liBV&G, a town ofCarinthiay l^ttd on the Feitfez, at the £oot of a {mountain, 25 miles £ by S of Ciagen- Ifirt. Piiscor. See Pxskop* Pl IS HEY, a village of EiTex, feven IttibN by W of Chelmsford. It was I the feat ot the lord high conftable of jjloilanJ, from the earlieft tirnesof that see to the year 1400. On the lite lofhis caftle is now a navy. Adjoining tp i' are docks, arfe* S),}.iif &c. Thefe harbours are defet^d*- ed by a fort on St. Nicholas' Iflaads and by a citadel nearly, oppofite to thaiC ifland, upon a hill' which overlookf^ the tow»« PlyniDOUth «ontaiiM tvm. paiifh. churches j fends two memberf. tb parliament,, and, is gQverned by f* mayor, i a. aldermen, a recorder, and 24 common council-men. It is well fupp.'ied with frefh water,, firft brought here, from a place fcven miles off, by the famous f-tcheou-fou. POCKLIRGTON, a towH of the E riding of Yorkfliire} with a market on Saturday, 14 miles SE of York, an J »96 N by W of Lontion. P00XN8TZIN, aTown of Germary, in tbe bifliopric of Bamberg, near the feurce rf the Putlach, 30 miles SE of Bamberg. PO0OLIA, a province in the SE part of Poland, wrcfted ftom that ■ountry by the emprefB of Rufllia, in 179 3. The Dneifl^r fepara; '. it T . m Kloldavia on the SW 4 and tho hof crofies it from W to £. U is divide • into the TTpper and Cc ~> r. R:u-i:.:. nieck is the capital of the former, nu .'. firacldaw of the latter. PoGGiBONzi, a town of Tufcary, with a citadel in ruins, it is famous for its excellent tobacco, and is feated ■ear the Elfa, 16 mUes S of Florence. PocGio, a town ofTufcany, near Florence, famous for a palace of the Great Duke. PoiiiNo, or PovzKiHo, a town •f Piedmont, 15 miiet SE of Turin. PoisST, an ancient town of France, feated near the fvttO: of St. Germain, J? niles from Paris. 1-oiTizRS, atown of France, capi- tal of tbe d' panment •"(" Viennc, with bifh'^tp's fee. Its p' j,>ulation is not in ff ipor' ,01 to its i Ktciit } for it includes a number of gjn'fui and H«!ds within A«'>{jrrttlt ; and the inliahcniits arc j>.ut iftinlated at mor' thai* j6,ooo. |J has fcvenil Roman antiquities, pwii[ cu'arly an amphitheatre, partly dento^ I li/iied. Here, in 135^, Edward thll Black Pn ice, gained a vidory 01A the French, taking prifoners kiMl John and his fon Philip, whom b^\ brought to England. The enfirani] abound with vipers in fuchnuinkt^l that they are exported to fenitt, W I make treacle. This town is fnttdoal a hill, on the Chin, 52 miles SWol| Tours, and I2qN by EofBowdewrif Lon. o 2$ E, lat. 46 35 N. PoiTou, a late province of FrancffI bounded on the W by the bay of B'' cay. It now forms the departmentsiu Vendue, Vienne, and the Two ScvKbl Pol A, an ancient, and Arflnglti*| poit in the S part of Iftria, witt: ^ :j;f tadel, R))d a bifliop's Tee. Hert ,^ the ruins of a Roman amph'thestv'i . ._ atiiamphal arch. It is ff iJiJ nice. Lon. 14 9 E^ lit. 45 13N, PoLACHiA, a pa'atir^::;' 0/ kM^ bounded On the N by .Pnttl>;! -. thuania } ou dvj E by Lt^huJ(^ the S by the palatinate fi'LtiVi; ih^ on the W by that x>f KMct'A t 88 miles in ier ,th, vul 3cjinhT::a Bielfic is the ca^iitai. '^otAKD, » !arge country of 1 ;':>ii ■, bounded c ., iLe W bv the ' t'kf I iindenburg, andSlIem'^ vnJt S by Hungary and Molda.ia; ontl;^ N by Pruifia, Courlaiid, LivQnii, Ruflia ; and on the E by Ruffia:iii the territories wrefted by that p« fioni the Turks. It is div'hled ioM thiee large parts, Great Poland, Littl^ Poland, and Lithuania; eachofwbic is fubdivided into palatinates. Tit late government was monarchial ini ariftocratlcal ; all tbea£t5offlatebeiii| in the name of * the king and repud of Poland.' The king was the oii| eleAive foverelgn in Europe. ThiJ circutr.ftance proved the foarce great calamities ; for, on the deiJ of every foverclgn, the country ' generally involveH in a war, ben contenJ'j'g factions, refpeftivtly i poit'jJ. by foreign powers. In 17T a pai-lition- of at Icail one third ol'' t POL [ttonttywaj tffe&eA by the Icing cf |Pri.A', in conjundiion with the em- liitfs of Ro/Hj and the emperor of lG(rinany> the diet being compelled, [kf a foreign force, to make this im- Iwtaat ceffion. For the part ceded to IiIk emperor, fer GaliciA' Th« livtillonedto Ruffia comprifes Poiifii IlitDniar that patt of the palatinate of IVblodk which lies to the £ of the iDwina; the palatinates of Viteplk and lUiciflawi i;nd two fnriall portions to Ilk NE and SE of the palatinale of IMiiiik. See Polotsk and Mohi- |ii;. The king of Pruffia took pof- lioDof all the vcftern parts of Po- nnra, bounded otj the S by the rt- itfNftie or Nottee, with the whole fPolift or Weftern Pruffia, Dantzic i Thorn excepted. Of thefe coun- tries the Ruifijn part is the iargeft, Aulhian the moft populou<;, and Pruffian the nnoft coainierctal. ; population of the whole amounts i near 5,000,000 of fouls j the firli mtaioing i,6oo,C(:o, the fecond kjoo,ooo, and t|ae third 860,000. le djree partitioning powers, more- Tv forcibly effe^ed a great change itV; conftitution* By this all fb- |ti candidates for the throne of Po- I are excluded j none can be chufen kng of Poland, and great duke of fthunia, in future, but a native ! ; ihe foR or grandfon of a king ['"^not be eledtrd immediately upon ! death cf his father or grandfather, be eligible till after an interval of 'nigos; ai>d a permanent council Iciiabliihcd, in which the executive f«r is vefted. By this change, all »ign princes, who might b;: likely [give weight to Poland by their here- 'i!y dominions, are rei^dered incapa- of filling the throne j the fainted f^f\ of an hereditary fovereignty I removed j the exorbitant privileges jthe cqueftrian order are confirmed [their utmoft latitude } and the pre- IJtives of the crown, before too fatly reduced, are ftill further di- flilhfd. In 1791, however, the ^i and the nation, in concurrence, M unanimoufly, arrd without any filfl tutcrveution, eftabli/hed ano> POL ther con<(itutian. By th'i the ev!f« of an eieiftive monarchy were troidad, the throne being declared hereditary in the houfe of Saxony. The right* and privileges of all orders in the re- public (the king, the nobles, the citi* zer:s, and the peafants) were alike e- quitabiy confulted. In a word, it wa» nnt, nn the one hand, the haughty ie(- poc dictating a cor~iftitution to his peo. pie ; nor, on the other, a proud arifto* cracy, or a mad democracy, that wreft. ed from their fovereign his juft prero. gatives ; but it WiS the universal wifh of the nation,, the fentiment that in- fpired which, was univerfal happinrfs. A iVw of the nobility, however, dif- contcntcd nt the generous facrifice of fome of their privileges, repaired to the court of Ruffij ; and their leprefenta- tions concurring with the ambitious views r,f chc emprefs, flie fent an army into Poland (under pretext of being guarantee of the conftitution of tjjt) arwl this new conftitution was over- thrown. The emprefs had planned, in coiijundionwith Pru (lia, a fecond parti- ron of this unhappy country, which took place in 1793. ^X ^^'^^» ^* <**»- tained nearly the remaining p..rt of Li. thuania, with the palatinates of Po« dolia, Kiof, and Bratzlaw. Befide the voiwodfiiipi of Pofen, Goefen, KaltOiy Siiadia, Wielun, Lentfchitz, Cujavia^ Doorzyn, Rawa, part of Plotflc, the diet, the fenate, and the permanent council, they enjoy the Ruflian empire,, capital of the govtri Tree excrcife of their religion } aie per- ment of the fame name, feated on (he mitted to have churches without beils, Dwina, at the mouth of the fmalii iind fchools and feminaries of their riyerPolota, 50 miles S\V of Vitepfe. own. The air of Poland is generally Lon. zj 50 E,' lat. 55 45 N, cold; but the foil is.fo fertiiein corn, Polotsic, a government of flK, that it fupplies Sweden and Holland RufTian empire, formed of part of ai with large quantities. The principal palatinate of Lit'uania, difmemb'fJ rivers are the Dnieper, Viftula, Nie- hom Poland in 1772. Its prodtflij men, Dnieper, and Bog. 1-1 POLERCN. See POOLOROON. Pol ESI A, a name g vf n to the pa- latinate of Bizefcia in Li;huania. PoLESiNo-JDJ-RoviGo, a fcrti c province of Italy, in the repiiblic of Venice, bcui'ded on the N by the Pa- puan ; on the S by the ferrarefe } on falls into the Danube, near Holmhuig, the E by the Digado ; ami on the eight miles from Vienne. AV bv tlie Veronefe. It is 4Z miles in Pomegue, an ifland in the Medi. length; and 17 in breadth. terranean, near Marfeilles. ■ Pot, St. a town of Frp.nce, in vhe PoMERAMA,aducliy ofGermary, ^p3'\\-nent of the Straits of Calais and ''' the c.rcle of Upper Saxony. Jtisl laie prov'f'ce of" Art' iv«. !t is noted tjouiidrd on the N by the Baltic, out for its mtiit-ral waters, and is 16 miles E by Weftetn Pruflia, and Poland, (ni 'K\V of A'.ias. the S by r5r,«)denburg, and on the w| PoLicANno, a birren iflandin the by Metkler>buig. The air is cr.ldj Archipelagf, one of the (^ycladei, ao but compenfated by the fertility of thel ■miles in circumiciejice. it lies be- foil' Ic is 250 miles in length mid 7 tween Mi!o ar • Paros. Lon. 35 31 )i\ bieadth ; and is divided into Hithi E, lat. 36 y^ -'v. and Further Pomerania. The lati PoLiCASTKo, a decayed town of and part of Hither Pomerania belnpj Naples, in Piinclpato Ciierore, with to the king of Pruflia j the reniaindei a bifliop's fee, foated on agultofthe to the king of Sweden. Stetinistl fame name, f8 miles SE of Naples, capital of the Pvuflian part, and Stral Lon. 15 40 E, 1,U, 40 15 N. fund of the Swrdilh. PoLicNANO, a populous feaport of Pomerellia, a Niiffes, in Trria di Bari, wii:h a bi- fliop's fee, feated on acr.iggy reck, 16 miles F. of Bari. Lon. 17 24 £, Ut. 41 25 N. PoLiGNt, a town of France, in the dep ttment of Jura, 32 miles SW of Befa' con. I OLiNA, an ancient but now de- cayf f1 U'wn of Albania, with a Greek in the ducliy of Mortferrat, fealtd arch l.i (hop's lee, la miles S of Du- the Po, 33 miles E of Turin, razzi). PcNDicHERRV, a townofHindiKi. PoiiTO, vr I'oi.Tzzi, a toivn of ft.in, on the ccail of C-n tnandcli I| Sic ly, in the VaUdi Demonii, at the Wiis firltl'ctiK'd bj the French, in 1674 ftot of the mciift/in Madonii, 30 Prcvioufly ti. the war of 1756, it wi> miles SE of I'alcrn.o. pahaph, the iineft cit)' in Indiaj t* diftridl of Prnflia. forcibly tr''z;d by the kingo Ptullia. Danrzic is the- capital. PoMESANiA, a large, county of \ Pruflia, v\hich extends E to W. (m the livirr HaiR'rgc. as fur as the Vlft^^ la, bitween E and Vv' PiulTia. PojuoNA. See Mainlakd. PoNDESTURiA, .i town otTtalyj , a confideraWtj of RentVewlhire,! hire Cart. mg town of thsl ca) of the guv(rn.| mc, (eatedonthe ith of the fmiU :sSW cfViteplk. 5S43N. )Vernment of (he rmcd of part of a' nia, difmcmbned} ryz. Its pcodtiQil hemp, flax, and »refts furnifligre; 3, pianks, oak ft 1, tar, &c. whicki >\wina, to Riga. a town of Lrwi the Drafam, whicli] be, near Holmhuig, ieniie. ifland in the Medi. arfeilles. rduchy of Germany, pper Saxony. Itii iby the Baltic, on th( 'ia, and roiand.wi] urg, and on the The air is cr.idj the fertility of the] es in length i*iiJ 7 ivided into Hithi rania. The bU( Pomcrania belor] ia } the rfniaindei den. Sletiuistl ian part, and Stial a d'.ftrift of •red by the king > is the capital large county of •nds E to W; fifr las f^r as the Viftu- Piuff.a. IMatni-AJiO' a town of Italyj loptferrat, feartd of Tuvin. _, atowiiofHinauoj If Ci:r( man'ici- V French, in i67' (arof 17S^''^'', Icity in lndi»i '< TON i»o^r font. Itiwii taken by the Englifli, in TfSt, In fhe department of Malneand Loire, tnd immediately t.f^d to the ground, featcd on the Loire, three mifes from inreniation of M. Lally's condudl Angers, and 178 SW of Paris. towardTort 6t. David, in 1758^ It Pont-de l'Archk, a (own of was reftored in 1763; taken by the Fr»pce, in the department of Eure, Engliih in 17785 reftored in 1783; with a xafl-Je, featei. on the Seine, over unc' agiin taken by the Engiifli in which is a hand ome bridge five mPict 1-93. It is 100 miles S of Madras. N of Louviers, and 6a NW of Paris. linn.8ooE, lat.ti 4,6 N. Pontde-vaux, atawnof Frarice, PoNDico, a fma 1 uninhabited in the department of Ain, feated on iflj^dof the Archipelago, in the gulf thtRefibuiTe, tight miles S of Macon. cfZeiton, near the ccaft of Negvo- Pont-ite-Vesl 1,3 town of France, in rhe depurtnuntof Ain. It has a PoNflRRAOft, a town of Spain, manufaftory nfftufTscalled Auguftines, L'on, feated on the Sill, .40 miles and alfo a tapeftry for the coveitntB SW of Leon. of arnn-ch.iirs and foia^, of the fame PoNc-HOU, iflands in the Chinefe kind as thtfeof Aubuffon. It is fear- Ocean. They lie Eo the coafl of Fo- ed on the Vcfle, I2 miles W of kien, and form an archipel;tgo betwien Bourg. ;he port cf Emouy and the ifland sf Pont du-'Gard. See Ga»t>. brmofa. They are only fand banks Pont-de- Lima, a town of Por- OT rocks: there is but one I'olitary tree, tugal, in the province, of Entre- andnotafhrub istobc feen upon ihem. Douevo-e-Miriho, \.itb a palace, feat-., he harbour in the principal ifland is on thp, Lima, over which is a magni- ;oxi, and fhclcertd fro;n every wind, ficent brilge, 13 miles NW of Etaga, Chir.efe.garrifon !s kept here, with and 190 N of Llfbon. le of the mandarins called literati, Pontefa, or Pontafella, a ihofe chief ei; p -yment is to watch tow>i in Carinthia, feated on the Fella, le trading vcll'cls to and from "China over which is a bridge which leads to id Formofa. Lon. izi 25 E, lal. the belt | affage ever the Aips. It is 20.n-.iU«NWofFriuli. PoN TEF R AC T, a borough in the W riding of Vcrklhii e, with a market oa I] 30 N. Pons, a town of France, jn the de- irtmerc of Lower Charenre, with a nineral fpring. It Is feated on a hill, S.'turday. It is noted. for its large Sarthe Sevigne, Ay, with a ftrong caftle, feated at the td in the greeks of Eifex and the foot of the Appennines, 40 miles £ of Thames. Poole is 40 miles WSW^ Grnoa, and 66 NW of Florence. ofWinchefter, and 105 W bySof PoMT St. EsraiT, a fmall town London. Lon. 2 o W, lat. S041N. •fFrance* in the department of Card, Pooloroon, one of the Buda If. feated on the Rhone, over which is lands, from which the Dutch expeliei one of the fineft bridges in Europe, the Englifh, not for any advantage it defended by a citadel* within which a/Fordedy it being a barren fpot, k is the church of the Holy Spirit, pro- to fecure the monopoly of the fpice feeing' into the river. It is 17 miles trade, by preventing the Englilhfren S of Viviers, and 55 N£ of MoutpeU having any fettlement in thefe parts. U«r. It is 100 miles SB of Amboyna. Loiu PbntSt. Maixxmck, a town of 130 o£, lat. 420 S. V unce, In the department of Seine Poolowoy, one of the BandalT. i^\\ Oife, feated on the Oife, five lands, on which the Dutch have 1, sniks from Senlis. regular pentagon, called FortRevengd PoNT-SBK-ScrNS, a town of Here nutmegs and the oioft deiiciom France, in the departmeut of Aube, fruits werr once abundant, withacailic, feated on the Seine, 17 Foonah, a town of the Deccan of: anilet Tram Troyes, and 55 S£ of Hiudouftan, in Vifiapour. it is thej Paris. capital of the WeSern Mahmtta em- Pont SUB -YoNMK, a town of pire; but lies open and defenctkfsi France, in the department of Yonne, It is 100 miles S£ of Bombay. Loiu{ ftaied on the Yonne, eight miks NW 73 55 £» lat. ig 30 N of Sent. PoMTYFOOi., a town of Mnn- aioutUhiie, with a market on Satur- day* It is feated between two hills, 00 the Avon, which turns feveral mills fiw the working of iron plates that are *M in a nunufadory of japanned %tare, now on the decline. It is 15 ■tiles SW of Monittouth, and 146 W ^y N ^f London. Pomt-v-Pbido. SeeTAArx. PoNcA, or Po.;tia, a fmall if- of ^ Tofciua Sea, to which *** PuoRooNDXK, xfortrefs ofVifu-j pour, feated on « mount»in, 18 loibl ESE of Poonah. It is the place of ie>| fuge for that capital in cafe of an iit'l vafioi; and here the archives of i vernment arc kept. Pop a-M a d r x, a town of S An rica, in Terra Firma, where there a convent and chapel of the yirgiii|| to whufe image the Spaniards in thol parts go in pilgrimage. It is feated t a mountain, 50 miles Eof Carthagcn Lon. 74 32 W^ lat. 10 15 N« ana were Ih>| , 13 io£, hbl of S Ami la town ]a, where there .1 of the Vitgini I Spaniards in th( U; Itisfeatti [sIofCarthH«l f OF .fotATANf a province of the new Idngdoin cf Grarada, in S America, ^nded on the N by Terra Firma, on the S by Peru, and oti the W by the Pacific Ocean. It is 400 niiki Jong and 300 broad. PoFAYAK, the capita] of a pro- vince of that name, in S America, with a biAop^B fee, z«o miles N£ of (j^to. Lon. 75 55 W, lat. 2 35 N. rort, DOMINIONS OF TH«, OT the EccLJUiASTicAi Statx, a tountry of Italy, bounded on the N by the territories of Venice, on the E by the gulf of Venice, on the^E by the kingdom of Naples, on the S by the Mediterranean, and on the^ W by Tufcany and Modena i extending from StaN 240 miles, and from JSW to V£ In fome parts 120, But in other* (carce 20 miles. It is divided into the following provinces, the Campagna of Rome, St, Peter's Patrimony, Um- l^ria or. Spoleto, Ancona, Urbino, Romagna> the Bolognefe, and the f errarefe. The papal government, on ivarious accounts, appears to be ill -caU dated to promote the happinds of |the inhabitants ; for all thcfe proviiicea ihe Bolognefe excepted) are badly ultivated and thinly inhabited. The pC) according to the ancient canon law, is the fuprerne, univerfal, and in- lependent head of the church, and in- eftjd with fovereignty over ail Chrif- tun fovtreigns, communities, and in- ividuals. His arrogatit pretenfions e fo well known, tliatitis needlefs ;o expatiate upon them. Happily, the "etormation begun by Luther difpel- dthe deiufion in many parts of Eu- ipej and the progrels of learning, id the fplrit of iKt inquiry, has cn- iteiied many, even of the Roman ithollc countries, where the papal ilitical fyftem is treated with con- mpu The pope has the title of 'dy Father and Hol'inejt ; and he is ctd at every vacancy, from among le c "iinals, each of whom is ftyled Emntnce, Their nun^er was fix • by Sixtus V at 70, in allufion to numberof the difcipks who were im by Chrtft to teacU tbo world } POR an aHufion, wlihont any lingular pro- priety, as no two clafTes of people could be more unlike : this number ia feldom complete. Every nation of the Roman catholic religion has a cardinal for its proteAor. Betide the ecclefi- aftical ftate, the pope is pofled'ed of the duchy of Benevento, in Naples { and, berore the late revolution in France, he had the territories of Avig* non and Venaiflbn in that country* The annual revenue bf the pope it computed to be upward of 2,cco,oool. (terling. His military force is incon« fiderable: his body-guard confifls of 40 Swifs, 75 cuiraffiers, and 75 light horfe : his naval force of a few gallies, ftationed at Civita Vecchia. Jlome ia the capital. Popo, a kingdom t>n the Slave; CoaA of Guinea. The inhabitants have fcarcely any houfes to dwell in, beiide the king's village, which is in an if> land in the midA of a river. Their chief trade is in flaves. Porch A, a town of Hindooftan« on the coaft of Malabar, k belongs to the Dutch, and is 140 miles S of Calicut. Lon. 74 35 £, lat. 8 11 N« PoKCHxsTXR, a village of Hamp« /hire, at the upper end of the harbour of Portfmouth, between Fareham and Portfea Ifland. It has an ancient caftle« which ferves for the reception of pri« foneri of war. Pox CO, a town of Peru, and in the audience of Los Charcos, feated a little to the W of the mines of Potofl* Lon, 64 50 W, lat. 19 40 S. Pox X N T R u , a town of S wiflerland# capital of the dominions of the biihop of Bafle (by the proteftants called prince of Porentra) and the principd place of hi& refidence. It is feated near Mount Jura, 22 miles S of Bafle* Lon. 7 2 E, lat. 47 34 N. PoiiLocK, a town in Soirjifet- (hire, with a market on T'.urfday^ feated on the Briftol Channel, 14 miles N by W of Dulvcrton, and 167 W of London. Lon. 3 yt W, lat* PoRTALioaE, a ftrong town of Portugal| la Alentejo, with a bilbQp*4 10 IS N. POR lee ; feated at the foot of a tnounta'n, 30 miles NW cf £tvu, «nd 90 N£ of Lifbon. PeitT'HV-PmiNcs, a feaport of St. DominfOy feated on a bay, on the W fide of the iiland, nf v\ hich part it Is is the capital. It was Uken by the ZngliCh and royalifts in 1 794. Lon. 7» 10 W, lat. 18 45 N. PoMT-DzstBz, a harbour in S America, 100 miles NE of St. Julian. Lon. 65 40 W, lar. 47 50 S. Pout Glasgow. SeeGiASGowy Fort. PoitHonter Bay. SeeDuxz «r York's Islako. PoRTici, a p»lace of the king of Naples, four miles from h'ls capital. PORTLAND} a peninfula in Dorfet- ihke, furrounded by inacceffible rocks, except at the landing-place, where there is a ftrong caftle. It is chiefly noted for its ftone, whicb is ufed in London for building the fineft ftruc- tures* Lon. 2 25 W, lat. 50 jo PoRTiAND, a feaportof N Ame- rica, in the diftriA of Main and coun- ty of Cumberland, of both which it is tfie capital. It is feated on a peninfula, and has an excellent harbour. PoRTLANp Islands, adufterof Iflands in the S Pacific Ocean ; the centre one in lon. 14*; 8 £, lat. 2 38 S. Port t'ORiiNT. SeeOaiXNT. Port Loiris, a ftrong town of France, in the department of Morbi- han, with a citadel. It is a ftation for part of the rcyal navy, and the Eaft India Company's fliips, and is feated at the mouth of the Blanet, 27 miles W of Vannes. Lon. 3 18 W, lat. 47 40 N. ,PoRT Louis, a French fortrefs, on the SW coaft of Hifpaniola, demo- liflied by Imiral Knj},wles in 1747, but fince rebuilt. Lon. 73 16 W, lat. S8 18 N. Port Louis, a town and harbour of the ifle of France, in the Indian Ocean, ftrongl]^ fortified. Lon. 57 28 E, lat. 20 9 S. Port Mahon, an excellent har- bour in the iflsnd of MiQoxca^ defend- POR ed by one of the ftrongeft citadeli f, Europe. Near it is the little trading town of Mahon. Lon. 3 48 E )« 39 50 N. See Philip's, Fo«t St.* Porto Bkllo, a feaport of S America, on the N coaft of the Ifth. musofDarien, with a large and com^ modious harbour. Itis a very unhealthy place; and the country around it fwarms with toads in fuch multitudes, as hide the furface of the earth. Be' fore the abolition of the trade byilie galeons, in 174^, and the introduc- tion of regifter fliips, Porto Bello wu the great mart for the rich commtrce of Peru and Chili. At the feafon when the galeons were cxpedled, the produA of all the mines, and other m. luabie commodities, of thofe cour-'ifs, were fent by fea to Panama, and t .ncj conveyed acrofs the ifthmus, partly oa mules, and partly down the river Chagre, to Porto Bello. This paltry village, the refidcnce of a few nfgiufj and mulattoes, and of a wretched gar. rifon relieved every three months, w« then fuddeuly crowded with the moll opulent merchants ; and a fair wu opened which lafted 40 days, during which was begun and finifted the richeft traffic on the face of the earth. Porto Bello was taken, in 1741, by admiral Vernon, who demoliflied the fortifications. It is 70 miles N of Panama, and 300 W of Carthageni. Lon. 79 50 W, lat. 9 33 N. Porto-Cavallo, a feaport rf| Terra Firma, on the coaflofCan-accaii Lon. 64 30 W, lat. 10 20 N, Porto Del-Principe, af«j)ortj on the N coaft of Cuba. Lon. jl ij W, lat. ai 52 N. Porto-Farino, a feaport of tl«j kingdom of Tunis, 30 miles N Tunis. Lon. 10 16 £, lat. d 12 N. Porto-Ferrao, a town ofltalj in the ifle of Elba, with a citadel is feated on a long, high, fteep point land, to the W of the bay of the fai name. It is 40 miles N W of Oibitel Lon, 10 25 E, lat. 42 58 N. PoRi o Galleto, a feaport Spain, in the bay of Eifcay, feated a river near the fea, eight miles N( ■^^•^•xnn*. POR Bllboa* Lon. 3 ii Wf Ut. 43 i« N. Porto-Gruako, a town ef Vc- •etian Friuii, with a bi/hop*i fee. It !$ feated on the l«ipay 15 miles W of Mai "^0. Post Jackson* a large bay of New South Walei, three leagues and a half N of Cape Banks. On proceeding within, in 1788, governor Phillip found bimfelf perfe^ly landloclced j and finding aKb, ths|t the country was greatly fuperior to that round Botany Biy, lie determined to fix the colony of convicts here, which had been origi> nally intended for Botany B^y. Lon. 251 2S £, lat. 33 50 S. P0.1TO Long ONE I a town of Italy, in tiie iileof Elba, with a good harbour, 2od a fortrefs upon a rock, almoft inacceiTible. It is feated on the £ end i.ftheifland, eight miles SW of Fiom- bino. Lon. iq 10 £, lat. 42 52 N. PoRTd Pedro, a fcaport in the iilaod of Majorca. Lon. z 41 £, lat. 3937N. - Porto Praya, a town and bay of St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd IDands. Lon. 23 29 W, lat. 14 53 N. Porto Rico. See Juan-d«- PUERTO-RlCO. Porto Santo, an ifland of the Atlantic, the leaftof the Madeiras. In 1418, a Pottuguefe fhip, fitted out for the attempt to double C2pe Bojador, coafling along the V^^frican fliore, was (tiiven out to fea by a fudden fquall, j and when they all expe^ed to perifli, they difcovered this ifland, which, or account of their efcape, they namcJ Porto Santo; and hence, at laft, th.7 defcried the ifland of Madeira, like a 1 black cloud in the horizon. It is 500 miles SW of Africa. Lon. 16 25 W, iat. 31 58 N. I Porto-Seguro, a government of jBrafil. The capital of the fame name, lis built on a rock, at the mouth of a |n?er that flows into the Atlantic. |wn. 38 50 W, lat. 17 o S. Porto-Vecchio, a feaport of -orfica, feated on a bay on the E coaft p the ifland, 40 miles N of Sardinia, -«"• 9 ao E. lat. 41 42 N. PwTO.ViNiaso, « feaport of POR Itatyy on the coaft of Genoa, At the en« trance of the gulf of Spezzia ; feated on the fide of a hill, at the top of which is a fort. It is 45 miles S£ of Genoa* Lon. 9 38 £, lat. 44 5 N. Port Patrick, a feaport of Wig- ton (hire, noted for its ferty t« Donag- hadee in Ireland, from which it is only 20 miles diftant. Here is one of the fineft (^uays in Britain, with a reflecting lighthoufe. Here alfo are four elegant packet-boats for the conveyance of the mail, and the accomnoodation of paf- fengers ; and the mail coaches go re» gularly from London and Edinburgh to Port Patrick on the one fide, and from Dublin to Donaghadee on the other. It is 107 miles SW of Edinburgh, and 487 NNW of London. FoRTR£z,a town on the Ifle of Skye^ one of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, The inhabitants trade in black cattle* fmall horfes, and kelp. Port Ro y a 1, a feaport of Jamai- ca, once one of the.fineft towns in A- merica, abounding in riches and trade ; but, in 1692, it was deflroyed by an earthquake^ in 170Z by a fire, in 1722, by an inundation of the fea, and in I744itfuffered greatly by a hurri- cane. It ftill conftfts of three hand- fome ftreets, and has a fine church. The harbour is one of the beft In the world. It is fix miles £ of Spanish Town, and as much by water SE of Kingfton. Lon. 76 45 W, lat. iS oN. Port RoVAt, a town and fort of the ifland of Martinico, 2X mile- SE 0*.* St. Pierre. Lon. 61 9 W, lat. ja Port Royal, a town of Virginia, on the river Rappahannoc. PoKT Royal, an ifland on the coaft of S Carolina, the fpace between which and the continent forms one of the mofl commodious harbours In thofe parts. It Is 15 miles in length, and the town on the N fhore is called Beau- fort. It is 100 miles SW of Charle- flon. Lon. 80 10 W, lat. 3 1 40 N, Fort Royal, in Nova Scotia* See Annapolis. Port Sandwich, a harboar in the ifland of Mailfiolo. iq the S Pae* %, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) •^ 1.0 1^"- i I.I 1.25 ■^ 140 U! IBB 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 1 ,\ ^^ o % s -As J^ c^ POR Lon. 167 53 E, lat. 16 fie ^rean. 25 S. Port St. Ma»y'«, a feaport of Spain in Andalufia, 10 miles NE of Cadiz, Lon. 6 o W, lat. 35 37 N. PoRTSZA, an ifland of Hampdiirci brtween Cliichefter Bay and the har- bour of Portfmoutli. It is feparated from the mainland by a creek, over which is a bridge. At the SW extre- mity is the town of Portfmouth. ", PoiiTSMOUTH,aboroughof Hamp- ftire, with two markets, on Thufday and Saturday. It has the moft conli- ^crable haven for men of war in Eng- land, and is the moft ftrongly fortified place in Britain. The docks, arfenals, ilorehoufes, barracks, &c. are all of capital magnitude, and kept in the moft perfedl order. It has one church, and two chapels ; and is zo miles SB of Winchefter, and 71 SW of London. Lon. I 6 W, lat. 50 47 W. PoRTSMouTHf the largeft town in ihe ftate of New Hampshire, featcd on Plfcataqua River, two miles from the Atlantic. Its harbour is ooe of the fineft on the continent, and has a lighthoufe at the entrance. It is 44 miles N of Bofton. Lon. 70 37 W, lat. 42 46 ^. Portsmouth, a town of Virginia, ■«n James River, 108 miles SE of Richmond. Lon. 79 23 W, lat. 36 40 N. Portsoy, a feaport of Banffshire, fix miles E of Cullen. It has manu- faftories of fnuff and fewing thread. Port Vendre, a feaport of France, in the department of the Eaftern Pyrenees, taken by the Spa- niards in 1793» but retaken the next year. It is 25 miles S by E of Per- pignan. Portucal, the moft weftern country of Europe, 310 miles in length, and 1 50 in breadth. It is bounded on the W and S by the Atlantic, and on the E and N by Spain. It is divided into fix provinces, Eftiamadura, Bei- ra, Entre-Minho e-Douero, Tra-los- Montes, Alentcjo, and Algarva. Though Spain a>id Portugal are in the fame climate, the air of the latter is more temperate than that of Che tor- POT mer, on account of the nclghbourhool of the Atlantic. Corn is not plentiful, becaufe the inhabitants do not attend much to hulbaiidry ; but here is plenty of olives, oranges, lemons, nuts, 5;, monds, figs, and raifius; and their wines form a great article of exporta. tio.'. The principal rivers are the Tajo, Douero, Guadiana, Minho, and Mondegd. The government is mo- narchical, but tbe roy«l authority is limited j for the king cannot raife anj more taxes than Were fettled in 1674. The eftabli(hed religion is the R mjin catholic, to whicii the natives h«t the motft bigotted attachment, h 1580, there was a failure in the roy^l liite, and then Philip II, klngofSp^in, fubdued the country ; but, in 1640 there was a great revolutiohj and the crown was conferred on John duke of Bragania (king John IV) whofe de. fcendants 'till enjoy it. Liiboii is ths capital. PosiGA, a ftrong town of Sdavo. nia, capital of a county of the faait name. It was taken from the Turks, by the iniperialifts, in i()%j. It is fe.ited on the Oriana, izn miles Wbjf N of Belgrade. Lob. 18 59 E, lat. 45 36 N. PoSNANTA, or PosEN, a commcf. cial town of Great Poland, in a pala- tinate of the fame name, with a caftie, and a bifhop's fee. By the Inte pat> tiJon of PulanJ, it became fubje^to the king of Pruffia. It is fcJted oa the Waita, 27 miles W of Gnefni, and 127 Wof Warfaw. P0TIDAM, a city in the miJdte marche of Brandenburg ; the moll elegant and fingular city in Europf, being evcfted in a very pld^uref:jue li- tuation, in an iflaiid formed by the rlten j Spree and Havtl. Many new houfes, on the ftneft ancient and modern pbns, were raifed by the late king, Frederic III, and prefented to the inhabiuntsij and the various public buildings dif- play at once great magnificence aoH tafte, partitu'ariy the new royalpa'ace,! which was ii .lih.d in 1770. It III 12 miles V/ cif Berlin. Loni i]| 46 E, lat. 52 52 N. PoTSNZA, a town of NapIfSji*! . P R A fiafiRcata, with a bi(hop*s feet It was almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1694. It is feated nrar the fource ef the Bafiento, eight miles S£ of Naples. Potomac, or Patomac, a river of Virginia, which falls into the bay of Chcfa-jtak. On this river a noble tiry is now erecting, the intended metropolis of the United States. See Washington. PoTosi, a rich and populous town of Peru, in the audience of Los Chir- fof. Here is the beftfilver mine in all America, in a mountain in the form of a fugarloaf; but it is almoft exhaufted. Potofi is 300 mile? SE of Aiica. Lon. 64 aj W, lat. 19 40 S. PoTTON> a town of Bedfordfhire, with a market on Saturday, 12 miles £ of Bedford, and 48 N by W of London. PoiTGHKEXPSiK, the Capital of Duchefs County, in the ftate of New York, fituate on Hudfon's River, N of Wappinger's Creek. PouGUEg, a village of France, in Ae department of Nievre. It is noted for its ferruginous mineral waters, and is five miles NW of Nevers* PouLTON, a town of Lai.cafhire, with a market on Monday, feated near the mouth of the Wyre, 18 miles SW of Lancafter, and 231 NNW of Lon- don. Pour SF. LUC, a town of the king- dm of Siam, aSo miles N of Siam« PouRZAiN, a town of France, in the department of Puy de Dome, f'at- *'l on the Siotile, 36 miles N by E of Ciermoiu, and 190 S of Paris. PoYANG Hou, a lAe of China, >n the province of Kiang fi, formed by ihe confluence «>f four confiderable rivers. It is 250 miles long. Prapat, a town of the kingdom of Siam ; roo n'Hes N of Siam. Pragilas, a town of Piedmont, fcven miles W of Turin. Prague, tlie capital of IV,hemIa, W'h a univerfi.y, and an archiep'fco- pal fee. It comprehends three towns, I'lmely. the Old. the New, and the Little Town, and is 15 miles in cir- lumference. It is built upon fc\cn PRE ; ■./;-■;:,,•:;-." mountains, and has above 100 churchesf and as many palaces. The Muldaw, ; over which is a handfome ftone bridge of 18 arches, feparates the Old Towa from the New. Prague has been often taken ; the laft time, in 1744, by the King of Pruflia, who, in 1757, befieged it again, after a great vi^iory^ obtained, near th's city, over the Auftrians; but being defeated feme time after, he was obliged to raife the fiege. It is 75 miles SE of Drefden^ i58SEof Berlin, and 235 NW of Vienna. Lon. 14 45 E, lat. 50 4 N. PraTo, a town ofTufcany, feat- ed on the Bifentino, Ti miles NW of Florence. Pratolino, a country palace, with fine gardens, of the grand duktt of Tufcany, a little to the N of Flo- rence. PifADEs, a town of France, in the department of the Eaftern Pyre- nees, feated on the Tei, 25,- miles SS of Mont- Louis. Praya. See Porto Praya. Precop, or Perekot, a town and fortrefs of the Rufllian empire, in the governmeot of Catharinenflaf, and province of Taurida, feated on the ifthmus that joins the Crimea to the continent. Lon. 35 40 £, lat.- 46 40 N. Pre COP I A, a town of Servia, feat- ed on the river Morave, 20 miles W of Nifla. Pregel, a river which ilTues from a lake in Poland, and crofling E Pruf- fia, fills into the eaftern extremity of the Frifchc Haf (an inlet of the Baltls) below Koningfberg. Premesi.aw, a populous town of Auflrian Poland, with a ftrong calile, and ii Greek and Latin bifltop's fee. It is feated on the Sana, 27 miles W of Lemburg» pRENSLo, a town of Germany, capital of the Ucker onarche of Bran- denburg. It contains fix thurchri, and is feated on the lake and river Uckcr, 50 miles N of Berlin. Presburg, the capital of Lower Hungary, with a ftrong caftle on 4 hill. In the caftle are depolited the regilia of Hungary, confiftin ofth* U3 PRE PRI •rown and fceptre of Stephen their firft king. The Lutherans have a church here. Prcfburg is feaced on the Danube, 32 miles SB of Vienna. Lon. 17 IT £> lat. 48 14 N. Prescot, a town of Lanca/hire, with a good market on Tuefday, for corn and cattle, a coiifideiable inanu- fa^ory of fail-c!oth, and another of fold hands for watches. It is eiglit miles £ of Liverpool, and 195 NKW •f London. Presenzaj^o, a town of Nap'e.s, in Terra di Lavoro. I: is the ancient Ruf?e, and its territory lia? the name ot' Coda Rufiarla. It is 28 miles N •f Naples. Prksidii, the Stat* or, a territory of Tufcany, in the Sienncfe. It includes (ix fortrelies, featcd on the coaft of Tufcany, and which Spain re- ferved, *hen it ceded Sienna to the grand duke. 'JUhey were defigned to facilitate the communication be> tween the Mils jefe and Naples. In 1735, they were ceded to the king of the Two Sicilies. Their names are Orbitcllo, Telemone, Porto Hcrcole, Porto S.in-Stephano, Monte Phiiippo, and Porto Longone. Presovia, a town of Little Po- lind, on the Viftuiai ao miles £ of Cracow* PrksteigN) the principal town of Radnuifhire, with a market on Satur- day, remarkable for barley. It is feat- cd near the fourrc of the Lug^ 30 miles WNW of Worcefter, and 149 of London. Lon. 2 38 W, lat. 52 i3N. Preston, a borough In LttncaHiire, with three markets, Wednefday and Friday for provifions, and Saturday for corn, cattle, and linen cloth. It is feated on the Ribble, over which is A handfome ilone bridge. Here is a court of chancery and other off ces of juftice, for the county-palatine of Lancaiier. Prefton is noted for the total defeat of the rebels in 17 15. It is 21 mi]'!S S of Laocafter, and 214 JINW of London. Pre8Ton-Pans, a village of Had- dingtonlhire, noted for its f.RiNCi William Henry's Is- tANi>> an ifland in the Eaftern Ocean, lying WNW of Tench's Idand, and p miles in circuit. It lias a luxuriant and pidurefque appearance, and is fup- pofed to be fertile and well -peopled. Jcwas difcovered by lieutenants BalJ anJ King, in 1790. A high moun- tain, in thg centre, was called Mount Phillip. Lon. 149 30 £, lat. i 32 S. Prince William Henry's Is- lA NO, an ifland of the Pacific Ocean, difcovered by captain Wallis, in 1767. Lon. 141 6 W, lat. 17 o S. Prince William's Sound, a "ulf on the NW coaft of America, fo named by caprain Cook, in 1778. Lon. 147 21 W, lat. 59 33 N. Princip A TO, a province of Naples, divided into Principato Ulteriore and Principato Citeriore : Benevento is the capital of the former and Salerno of the latter. Prisdenia, a town of Bofnia, with a bifhop's fe6. It is feated on the Drin, 32 miles NE of Albanapolis, and lj5 N of Belgrade. Pristina, a large town of Servia, feated on the Rufca, 58 miles NW of Nifla, ?rd 150 SE of Belgiade. Priyas, a town of France, in the department of Ardeche, feated on a hill, 16 miles N of Viviers, Procita, a fmall, but fertile and populous ifland in the 2''f of Naples, near that of Ifchia. Th^ capital, of Khi fame name, is a fmall fort,fi"d place, on a high craggy rock, by the Ui. Lon.. 14 8 £, lat. 40 43 N. From, a town of Burmah, feated on the Menan, 200 miles NW of Pi^gu. Lon, 94 6 £, bt. 17 50 N. Provence, a lite province of France, bounded on the N by Dau- phiny, on the S by the Mediterranean, on the W by Lungucdoc, and on thcE by the ."Vlps and the river Var. ^ now tbrins the departments of Var, the Lower Alps, and the Mouths of the Rhone. Providence, the moft ftouridiing town in the ftate of Rhode iflmd. It has a confiderable manufactory of (iolii, a large foreign trade, and an PRU • elegant college. It is feated on t>oth fides of the river of the fame mme, 30 miles NW of Newport. L^n. Jl, i »6 W, lat. 41 50 N. 'ir/ Providence, a river of N Ame« rica, which waters Providence and enters Narraganfet Bay, on the W /ide of Rhode Ifland. Providence, one of the Icafl of the Bahama Iflands, but the beft of thofe planted by the £ngli/h. It was taken by the Spaniards in 1782, buC retaken the next year. It lies 200 miles E of Florida. Lon. 77 i W, lat. 24 50 N. ' Providence, an ifland in the Atlantic, which the Englifli bucaniers fortified, but afterward abandoned. It is 150 miles E of the coaft of Nica> ragua. Lon. 80 44 W, lat. 13 25 N. Provins, a town of France, in the department of Seine and Marne. It is famous for its mineral waters and' excellcntconfervesof rofes, and isfeated on the Vouzie, 30 miles SE of Meaux and 47 of Paris. Lon. 3 22 £, lat. 48 34 N. Pkuck, a town of Auftria, feated - on the Leita, 22 miles SE of Vienna. Pruck, a town of Stiria, feated on the Muehr, 66 miles SW of Vi- enna. ' Prussia, a fertile country of Eu- ■ rope, bounded on the N by the Baltic, on the B by Lithuania, Samogitia, and Poland, on the S by Poland, and on the W by Brandenburg and Pomerania. It is 500 miles in length, and loO in breadth, where it is narrowef^. In the 13th century all Piufllia belonged to the knights of the Teutonic Order. In 1454, that part, fince denomina» ted Polifh, Royal, or Weftern Prufiia, revolted to Poland, and being incorpo* rated into the republic, the knights, were conftrained to hold the remaining part, called Eallern or Ducal Pruffia^. > as a fief of Poland. In 15x5, Albert of Brandenburg, the grand mafter, betrayed theinter?fls of his fraternity, and concluded a treaty, by which Eaflern Pruflia was ercded into an hereditary duchy, and given to hitn as a Polilh fief. Having adopted the tenets ot Lu>:her, he tnarticd a princefs U4 •f Denmark, and tranfin'tted' t^is rich Rihcritance to his Jefcendants ; one of whom, Frederic William, the Great Elcftor,'was ihe firft duke that threw ..,, •ff his dependence on Poland. "His ~'^***^ fon, Frederic I, in 1701, aflumed the title of king of PrHlIin, which wss ac- Jtm^wledged bya'il the Chriftian piwers, except Poknd, which did not acknow- ledge it tiil 1764. In 1772, Frederic III compelled the Poies to tede to him «Iie whole of Weftern PrufTia, Dant- •ic, and Thorn excepted ; artJ ;n '793» the pre<prifcd in the government of Novogorod. PsKOF, or Pleskof, a lake of ^uiHa, in the government of the fame tizmc. PfKOFj or PtESKOF, a town of Ruffia, capital of the goven.msnt of tlie fame name, with an archbiftjop's i'ee^ and a ftrong callle. It is feated on the Velika, 150 miles S by W of Peteriburgh. Lon. ly 52 E, Jat. 57 58 N. ' — PuDDAK, a river of Hindooftan Proper, which divides Cutch and Guzerat, and falls into the gulf of Cutch. PvxBLA, a town of Spain, in Ef- tramadura, near the Guadi2na, 15 aniles W of Meridad. PuEBLA-DE-tOS AnGEIF.S, 3 populous town of Ne* Spain, in the audience of Mexico and prov'iiue of Tiafcala, with a biihop's fee. It is 62 miles SE of Mexico. PuEBLA-NuovA, a feaport of New Spain, in tlie audience of Gua- timala and province of Veiapua, on a bay of the Pacific Ocesn, 200 miles W of Panama. Lon. 83 a8 W, Tat. 8 48 N. PUENTE • DEL - ArCOBISP*, 3 .%Bwn t^f Spain; in £(lramadura, which PUN belongs tft tho archbifliop of To>d«^ and is iVated on the Tajo, 40 miifl SW ,,f To.edo. PrtNTE PK-LA REyNA.,atOW» of Spain, in Navarre, feated on tb{ Agra, JO miles SW of Pampeluaa. Puerto Bels.o, Pu^ertoRjco^ &z. For all names, which, in ths Spaniih language, fignify a port, fet Porto-} for although that word It not Spanl/h, it is neceif.iry to adhere to it in this work, in conformity to the Englirti pronunciation. Ptr.LiA, the modern name ofihj ancient Apulia, containing the three. provinces of Capitanata, Bari,. and Otranto, on the £ fide of the kin". dom of Naples. PuLAON, a fertile ifland in the In. diai> Oci-an, lying W of the Phijn. pines. Lon. i»o la E, lat. 930N, PuloCanton, an ifland in the Iidiat Ocean, on the coaft of Cochin. China. Lon. 109 35 E, lat. 15 iq N. Puto-CoNDORE, the name of feveral iflands in the Indian Ocean, the principal of whiih is the only one inhabited. Lon. 107 ao E, lat. f 40 N. ■ Puto-DiNDiKG, an ifland in the Indian Ocean, near the peninfulaof Malacca. It belongs to the Dutch, Puto-TiMON, an ifiand in tht gulf of Siam. Lon. 104 25 E, lat, 3 o N. Pu L Wa y , an Ifland In the Indun Ocean, near that of Sumatra. Lon. jj 39 E, lat. 5 50 N. PuLTAUSK, a town of Great Po. land, in the palatinate of Maluvia, feaied on the Nareuj 20 miles Ktot" Warfaw. PuLTowA, a fortified town in the I Ukraine, famous fir ihc total defeat of Charles XII of Sweden, by Peter the Great, in 1709. It is i:omiitiI SW of Belgorod. Lon, 34 25 ^t '2'' 49 26 N. Puna, an Ifland in the Pacific I Ocem, 3q miles in length and izin bieudth. It lies at thccntianceof:Iie| bayof Ciiiwquil, 115 miles NofPaitJ. Lon. 8 J 6 W, lat. 3 17 S. Puvta-behA'Gwsa, tkcjf>i| PUY PYK of To.'fd*, , 40 milei NA.,'atowt ted on the aipeluna. »T0 RlCOt ch, in the a portf fee lat word ii y to aHlwit informity a nams ofihs ng the three Bari^ and )t the king. ind in tlie lis f the Philp. lat. 9 30 N. ifland in ths aft of Cochin. I, lat. 15 10 the name of Indian Ocean, is the only one 20 E, lat. ? ifland in the peninfulaoi the Dutch, ■ lifland in the [04. 152, lat. i in the Indian ^tra. Lon. .;5 [of Great Po. of Mafuvlai miles K tot" ] Id town ill the ! \c total dffcat j :n, by Petef | is loomiits I34 ^S ^' '*'■ ihe Pacific! tth and ii'ml litianceof :be] i:s N of PaitJ. IS. iy ihtup>! tal of St. Michael, one of the Azores, 10 miles SW of Saumur, and 160 SW with a ftrong caftle, and a harbour. PuxBZCK, IsLX or, a rough and heathy traft of Dorfetihire, S of Poole Say. It is infulated by the fea and livers, and is famous for its (lone quar- ries. Tobacco-pipe clay alfo is dtig in feveral parts, much of which is ex- in of Paris* Puy-Lavukms, atownofFrancCf * ' in the department of Tarn, eight miles SW of Ca.1re8, and 23 £ of Touloufe. Puzzotif a celebrated, but now incondderable town of Italy, on the ported, particularly for the Staffordihire bay of Naples. It is celebrated for the potteries* temple of Jupiter Serapis, and for the PvRRYSBUKG, a towH of Georgia, exetnfive ruins of Cicero^s Tufculan ' N America, built .by a colony of villa. Swilis. It is feated on the riverSavan- Pwlhkly, a feaport of Carnarvon-' nah, 30 miles NW of Savannah, (hire, feated at the head of an inlet of ■ hin. 80 40 W, lat. 32 22 N. Cardigan Bay, between two rivers. PUTAL.A, a mountain of Great It has a good market on Wednefdayy Thibet, on the fummit of which is the and is fix miles S of Newin, and 145 palace of the grand lama, feven miles NWofLoudonl Lon. 4 15 W) lat. EofLaffa. 5252 N. Putney, a village of Surry, feated Fybknean Mountains, of on the Thames, five miles WSW of Pyriniis, mountains which divide London. On Putney Common, is ar France from Spain. They reach from ' obelilk, ereAed in 1786, by the city the Mediterranean' to the Atlantic, • of London, in commemoration of Mr. and are 212 miles in length. They Hartley's invention of fireplates for fe- have different names,' according to ' curing buildings from fire ; and near it their different fituatlons. isthe hoafe in which that gentleman Pyrenees, Easti ifN,- a depart- - mide his experiments. ■ ment of France, containing the late ' PuY,- a populous town of France^ province of Roufillon; • Although < in the departmcjit of Upper Loire, great part of this department is moun- feated on the mountaiij Anis, near the tainous, it is fertile {producing corn» Loire. Puecht or Pay, in the ancient excellent wtnes, olives, oranges, and Gaulilh, fignifies mountain, * Out le.ither of a, fuperior quality. - Perpig- Lady of Pay' is celebrated in the an- nan is the capital. nalsoffuperftition. Pay has manufac- - PYRENSESii Lower, a depart- toriesof lace and fiilc ftuffS} and is 45 ment of France, containing tlie late miles NE of Mende« provinces of Bafques and Beam. Paa Pu^ CERDA, a ft rongtown-of Spain, is the capital. Sec Navarre. in Catalonia, capital of Cerdagna, and Pyrenees, Upper, adepartment (eatrd between the Carol and Siegra, at of France, containing the late province the foot of the Pyrenees, 53 miles W of Bigorrc. The vallies produce ex- of Perpignan, and 6-f "NW of Barce- ceilent horfes, and alfo rye,- millet, lona, Lon. i 50 E, lat. 42 36 N.' Spanifti corn, and ilax. - The moun- PuYDE-DoME, a department of tains have mines of lead, iron, and France, coi'.taining part of the late pro- copper, and quarriee of flate, m.'jrbte, »inceof Auvergne,and ahnoftall Lima* anil jafper. Tarbss is the capital, gnf, a territory 1 leagues long and fix Pyrmont, a town of Germany, broad, forming a circular plain, one in the circle of Weftphalia, in a couii- ofthemoft fertile in France, and fur- ty of the fame name, fubje<£k to the roanded by mountains, that were once prince-of Wakteck, with a caftlej the fo many volcanoes. Clermont is the:, rofidence of the governor. Near it, are tapit^l of this department. . mineral waters, often frequented by PuY.EN.ANjou,atownofFrance, perfons of the higheft rank* - Iti&^O-, »V^ ■-^.>- " • , *^^ ducks mix together on tlielhore: but when night approaches they jre colle6led together by only beating 001 bafin : they immediately form thtm. QUADIN, a town in Upper Egypt, felves into different fljcks, and each wfeated on the Nile, between Efne returns to the veflel it belongs to, and Dander. Canton is the capital ; but the vicenif QuAKSNBRVCGZ, Or QuAKEN- refides at Chao-king.- BURG, a town of. Germany, in the Qjiartin, a town of SwiflerianJ, bifbopric of Ofnaburg, feated on the near lake Wallenftadt, fivemil(3£of Hafe, 12 miles W of Ofnaburg. Glarus. QuANG-PiNG-FOU, a City of QuxBKC, a city of W Amtricr, China, in the S part of Pe-tcheli^ be- capital of Lower Canada, fituate attlie tween the provinces of Chang>tong and confluence of the St. Lawrence and St. Ho-nan. Its diftriA contains nine ci- Charles. It is built on a rock, and it tics of the third clafs. divided into the upper and lower town, | QuANG-si, a pmvince of China, It was ereAed by the French in i^ bounded on the N by Koei-tcheou and The Englifli reduced it, with allCi. Hou-quang, on the W by Yunnan nada, in 1626; tut it was rcftoredig and the kingdom of Tonquin, on the 1631. In 1759, it was again taken S by the gulf of Tonquin and the pro. bj the Engiift, after a battle memot]' vinceof Q^ang-tong } and on the £ by ble for the death of general Wolfe, in the fame and Hou-quang. Although the arms of victory, and confinned u not equal in extent or commerce to the them by the peace of 1763. It is 311 •ther provinces of China, it is fo abun- miles from the Atlantic (the river St. dant in rice as to fupply the inhabitants Lawrence navigable the whole way to ef Quang-tong for flx months in the this city for large men of war) and J90I year. Its numerous mountains abound NW of Bofton. Lon. 69 48 W^ lattl <«inth mines of gold, fllver, copper, and 46 55 N. tin. In this province grows a Angular Qui da, a kingdom in the prniii< 43ree, which, inftead ofpith, contains a fula of Malacca, tributary to Siani.1 l<>ft pulp, that yields a kind of flour ; The principal town, of the fame name,! and the bread made of it it faid to be is fubje£V to the Dutch. Ithasahar>f exceedingly . good. Quei-ling-fou is bour, and is 300 miles N of the (itjE the capital* of Malacca. Lon. 100 5 £, laWJ QuANG'TONG, a province of 5 N China, bounded on the W by Quang. fi and Tonquin, on the N by Hou- quang and K.iang-fi, on the N£ by Fokien, and on the S by the CI nefe Sea. It is diverftfied by vallies and mountains, and yields two crops of corn in % year* X( abounds io gold. QuEDLiKGBURG, a town of Cff'l many, in the principality of Anh^j with a proteftant abbey, whofe abbelil is a princefs of the empiie< ItisiOp miles SE of Halberfhdt. QutSNBOROvGH, a botough ' Kent, ia the iile of Sbepey, v riil^'tlltvMV*-' QJJE market on Monday and Thurfday. Thr chief employment of the inhabi- tants is oyfter-dredgingf oyfters being beie in great plenty, and of a fine fla- vour. It 18 15 miles NW of Canter- bury, and 45 £ of London. Lon> o 48 E, lat. 51 26 K. Qutttf Charlotte's Cape, on the ifland of Southern Georgia. Lon. 36 n W, lat. 54 32 S. QuKZN Charlotte's Fore- land, a cape of the iHand of New Caledonia. Lon. 167 iz £, lat. ax ijS. Queen Charlotte's Island, in the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by captain Wall! s in 1767* Lon. 13(4 W, lat. 19 18 S. Queen Charlotte's Sound, a found at the N extremity of the S illand of New Zealand, near Cook's Strait. Lon. 174 13 E, lat. 41 5 S. Queen's County, a fliire of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter. It is 30 miles in length, and 29 in breadth; and is bounded on the N by King's County, on the £ by Kil- dare, on the SE by Catherlough, on the S by Kilkenny, and on the W by King's County and Tipperary . It con- tains 39 parities, and fends eight inemher& tu parliament. Maryborough or Queen's Town, is the capital. Qveen's.Fehry, a borough of Lihiithgowfliire, feated on the frith of Forth, nine miles W of Edinburgh. Lon. 3 20 W, lat. 56:0 N. Quekn's Town,- or Marvbo- souGH, a borough of Ireland, capital of Queen's County, 72- miles SW of Dablin. Quir.LrNG-rou, a city of China, capital of the province of Qoang-fi. It has its name from a flower called j«m', which grows on a tree rcfembling a laurel, and emits fuch a fweet and jgreeable odaur, that the whole coun- try is perfumed by it. Its diftrift contains twc cities of the fecond, and feven of the third clafs.- It is feated on a river that empties kfelf into the Ta-ho, but with fuch rapidity as not to' be navigable; and is 180 miles N byWof Cantoa. Lon. 109 55 E, lat.»5 3oN, QJUI QuENTiN, St. a ftrong town jf France, an the department of Aifnc. Here is a confiderable manufaAory of lawns and cambrics. Near thisp!ace» in 1557, Philip II of Spain, gained • ' fignal victory over the French, and after- ward took the town by ftorm. In me- mory of this he built the EfcuriaJ. St. Quentin was reftored to France ia '559* It is feated on an eminence^ < on the Somme, 21 miles S of Cam- bray, and 83 N by E of Paris. QuERci, alate province of France^ • bounded on the N by Llmofin, on the E by Rouergue and Auvergnej on • the S by Lanquedorc, and on the W by • Perigord. It was divided into the Upper and Lower, and now forms • the department of Lot. (iuERFUR T, a town of Germany, ' in the circle of Upper Saxony, capital of a principality of the fame name, < fubjedl to the prince of Saxe Weiffen- fels, IZ miles SE of Mansfeld. Lon. • IZ 20 E, Jat 51 27 N. QuEROuENECY, an ifland of the • Mediterranean, on the coaft of Tri- - poll. Qu^sNov, a town of France, ia ' the department of the North and late province of French Hainault. It was ' taken by the allies in 17 il, and reta- ken the fame year. In 1793, it was = ' taken by the Auftrians, and retaken ' the next year. It is feated on the Ro» - nelle, nine miles S£ of Varieacle^nes^ • and 122 NE of Faris.-> • Qui BO, an iflaiad of the Pacific •' Ocean, lying on the coaft of Vetagua, . in New Spain. • Qu'jfBERON, -a peninfula.6f Frjnce, t in the department of Morhihan, with ■ a village of the fame name, on the - bay of Qiiiheron. • Thas peninfula lies • N of Belleifle. QuiLtEBOEur, a town of France, t in the department of Lower Seine^ feated on the Seine, 2Z mliesWof Rouen. . QuiLMANCi, a town of Africa, - on the roa(l ofMeUnda, at the mouttt > of a river of the fame name. It be- • longs to the Purtuguefe. Lon. 39 40 > Ef lat. 3 30 S. QutLOA, a fei on ' U6 QJJI - the coaft of Zanguebar, with a citadel. It is tributary to the Portuguefe, and is 300 miles Nof Mofatnbique. Lon. 39 9 E, lat. 9 30 S. QuiLON, or CoYLONt a Dutch faflory, in Hindooftan, on the coaft of Tiavancore, 14 miles NW of An- jenga. QiTiMFXKt a town of France, in the department of Finifterre, feated at the confluence of the Oder and the Be- saudet. It is a blfbop^s (ee, and is 30 miles S£ of Breft, and 332 W by S of Paris. Lon. 4 2 W, lat. 47 58 N. QuiMri«i.AY) a town of France, in the department of I inifterre, feated on the Ifotte, 20 miles £ by S of Qoimper, and 287 W by S of Paris. QuiNGEYi a town of France, in the department of Doubs, feated on the Louve, it miles SW of Befanjon. QoTNTEN, a town of France, in che department of the North Coaft, with a caftle, feated near the Goy, and a large £>reft of the fame name, eight miles S of St Brieuxj and 200 W of Paris. QuiRiKU, a town of France, in the department of Rhone and Loire, feated on an eminence,, near the Rhone, 12 miles from Lyons. QuiRiMBA, the name of feveral licrtile iflands on thecoaft of Zanguebar. QuiSAMA, a maritinte province of Africa, in the kingdom of Angola. QviTEOA, a town of Morocco, with a caftle. ten. 5 o W, lat. 28 QuiSTXLLO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, feated on the Seccia, 15 niiles SE of Mantua. Quito, a city of Peru, capital of the audience of the fame name, with • biihop's fee, and a kind of univer- fity. It is S20 miles N of Lima. Lon. 77 50 W, lat. o 13^. Quito, an auditnce of Peru, lying between two chains of the high moun- tain* called the Andes. Saveral dif' triAs of this province are occupied a|. Bioft^ entirely by Indians ; and the city of Quito alone contains between 50 •ad t!0,oOo of all the different races. Quito is the only province in Spanifh America that can be called a manufac- tuting country. Hats, CQttO0-iUfi's> R A C and coarfe woollen cloths, are nuitt there in fuch quantities, as to be fuf. ficient, not only for the confumption of the province, but to furnifh a cor,. fiderable article for exportation to other parts of Spanilh America. This pro. vince w»s under the jurifdi61ion of the viceroy of Peru, until the ptefent cen- tury, when a new viceroyalty was eiia. bliflied at Santa-Fe-de-Bogota, the capital of the new kingdom of Gram. da} the jurifdi£tion of which includes the whole of Quito and all the pro irinccs of Terra-Firma. Although this country lies on both fides of the equator, the air is very temperate, and, on the fummits of the Andes, excellively cold. Quixos, a province of Peru, in, the audience of Quito. QuojA, a kii;gdom of Afdcj, which reaches frona Sierra Leone l«. the Grain CoaA. i-n. % ITAAB, a ftrong frontier town ofr] Lower Hungary, capital of ]m. rin, with a caftle, and a bifhup's fee. It is feated at the confluence of the Raab, the Rabnitz, and the Danubt, 55 miles SE of Vienna. Rabastxins, a town of France, in the departmentof Tarn, with a decay. ed caftle, feated on the Tarn, 18 miles ftom Alby. Rabat, a feaport of Africa, in Tremefen, with a caftle, feated at the mouth of the Burrigrig, between Fez-] and Tangier. Lon. 5 28 W, lat, 34. 40 N. RACHORB,or Adoni-Rachori, a city and diftiift of the peninfulaof Hindooftanj fubjedl to the nizamof the Deccan. It is feated on the KifU | na, near Its confluence with the Tun- gebadra^ 3 1 5 miles N by £ of Serin* gapatam. Rackersbvrg, a ftrong town in I the duchy of Stitia, with a caftle on a mountain. It is feated on an iflafxl: of the Muehr, 22 miles S£ of Grati), [ and 100 S of< Viconaf. . Hid a bi<]iu|>'s f((, conftuenceof the and the Danubt, na. town of France, in arn, \with a decay. he Tarn, iSms I R'ACtTAt a fnull uninhabited ifland if the Archipelago, near that of Kio. Raconi, a populous town of Pied- mont, fcated on the Grana and Mjcra, with a cMe,.fix miles from Carignano, to the prince of which it is fubjedl.. Radicofani, a town of Tufcany, feated on a mountain, with a citade)> j6 miles S£ of Sienna.. Radnor., Nzw, a borcogh of Radnorshire, with a market on Thurf- day. This town- gives name to the- county; hut the aflizes are now held at prefteign. It is feated near the fource efthe Somergil, at the foot of , a hill, J4 miles NW of Hereford, and 156 WNW of London. R'dnorshirb^ a county of S W. , 30 miles in length, and i^'in breadth; bounded on the £ by Shrop- fljire and Herefordshire, on the NW byCardiganfliire, on the S and SW by Brecknockflrire, and on the N by Montgomery fhirCk It lies in the dio- cefe of St. D;ivid*s } contains 52 pa- rilhes, and four market towns; and fends two members to parliament. TJie £ and S parts of this county, ace tolera> b!y level, and produftive of . corn. Prefteign I'e the- capital. Radom, a town of Little Poland, in the palatinate of Sandomir,.,and ca- pital of the couoty of the fame name. It is 30 miles N of Sandomtc, and 50 S of Warfaw. Ragivolo, a town of Italy,^ in the ManCuan, between Mantua and Reg- gie, 42 miles from each. Ragusa, an anciervt town of Si- cily, in the Valdi-Noto, near the Mauio, 12 miles N of Modka. Rag USA, a city of Dalmatia, with an archbilhop's fee. It is a republic, under the protedion of the Turks and Venetians, to each of wliich it pays an annual tribute; and it has a doge like that of Venice, but he continuea a month only in his office. Its territory, called the Rag u SEN, or Ragusan Dalmatia, extends 55 miles along the gulf of Venice, and is ao broad. It is feated on the gulf of Venice, 60 miles NW of Scutari. Loa. 18 10 £> Uc. 42 50 N. ItAW Raja?oub, a town of HIndooftaiv. on the co»>y. of Malabar, fcated on a river of the fame name, 50 miles N. of Goj. Lon. 73-5oE, Un. 17 19 N. ' RajimaL', a decayed tuwn ct i Bengal, formerly, a place of great trade. It is feated on the Gangof, 190 miles N by W of Calcutta. Raiv, a town of Upper Bavaria, feated on. the Acha, five miles E of ' Donawert.;. Rain, a town of Lower Stiria, , .feated on the Save, with a caftlt. ' Lon. 15 ao E, lat. 46 12 N. . Rain HAM, a village of Eflex, one . mile fiom the Thamps, where the-ae . is A ferry to Erith. The fine marflies , here are covered with prodigious, nuijj- bers of entile. It is 15 miks E of..~ London. Rainy, op- Long. Lahb,. a lake . of N America, E of the. Lake of the Wood*. It is 100 miles long, buC; not mo.e than 10 wide* Rajck A, a town of Diarbeck, feati- ed on the Euphrates, with -a decayed , caftle. Neat, it are the ruins of Old Rakka, once a magnificent city, k is 100 miles S.W of Piarbekar» LiOn*. 38 55 E, lat. 36 I N* Rakonicx, the capital of ,a circle of the fame name, in Bohemia, feated on a river, 30 miles W of Pragu«, Lon. 14 5 £, lat. 52 4 N. Rama, a decayed town of Paleftuit, now called Ramula by the Turks. It is 20 miles from Jerufalem. R A M A N A N c R , an ifland of Afiaj lying toward Cape Comorin. It is 23 miles in circunrifeience ;. and has only a few villages and a temple. Lon. 7^ 45. £, lat. 9 25 N. RAMEEaT LE-JouG, St. atov«n of France, in the departmef«t of Ain, fe»ced near a branch of- Mont Juca, called Le Joug, i2 mil« Clerks. This ifland is four miles W of St. David's, and 17 NWof Milford Ha- ven. Lon. 5aoW, lat. 5155^. Ramsgatz, a feaport of Kent, in Jthe ifle of Tbanet, where two very fiue RAP Aone piers have been built, for the fe« curity of fliips, the harbour being fejtl ed near the Downs, between the N and S Forelands. It has fome trade to the Baltic, and is frequented as a b:thing-place. It is 10 miles NEof Canterbury, and being only four mileiS of Margate, a ftage-coach goes between that town and this, for the accommo. dation] of palTengers that come and re. turn by the Margate hoys. Lon. i w £, lat. 51 21 N. Ran At, one of the Sandwicli If. lands, ill the N Pacific Ocean, difco. vercd by capt. Cook, lying SW ot'the paflage between Mowec and Morotoi, three leagues from each. Ranozkson, or Randeki,. m ancient town of Denmark, in N Jut. land, near the mo\ith of th6 Gude. Lon. 10 35 £, lat. 56 20 N. Rangnitz, a town of Eaftenj PruHia, on the Niemen, 55 miles E of Koningiberg. Rannoch, Loch,' a lake of Perth. Ihire, which extends 11 miles from £ to VV, receives- the waters of Lbch Erich from the N, and communicates with Loch Tuniel on the E, and Lochli. doch on the W. RvANTAMp.ou», a fortrefs of Hln. dooftan Proper, in Agimere, izo milts ■ from Agra. Rantzow, a town in the duchy of Holflein, 24 miles N of Lubec. Raolconda, a town of the Dec- can of Hindoodan, in Golconda, near which is a rich diamond mine, ayoj m les SW of Hydrabad. Lon, 7640 £, lat. 14 30 N. Raok-l-Et APE, a town of France,, in the department of Meurthe, featfd 1 at the foot of the Vofges, at the con- fluence of the Etape ana Marte, jo miles from Nanci* Rapallq, a town of Italy, in the' territory of Genoa, feated on a gulf of the fame name, 20 miles E of Ge> noa. Lon. 9 11 E, lat. 4424N. Rapper scHWYL, a republic and' town of Swifferland, under the protec- tion of the cantons of Zurir, Bern, and Glarus. Its territory is fix miles long and three broad, and contains tliKC parifljcs. The town is fliong ky :.!iMii^^a^ili:;^t^MiLiiaf^'it.: . KAT R AV It, for the fe. ur being feati ween the N s fome trade quented as a miles NEof ly four miles S I goes betweea he accommo. come and re. I. Lon. I JO Sandwich If. Ocean, difto. ing SW of the and Morotoi, ANDEKt,. in rk, in N Jut. of th6 Gudc. n of Eaftern n, 55 miles E 1 lake cf Perth. 1 miles from £ '3 of Lbch Erich nunicates with and Lochli* brtrefs of Hln. kere, izo miles ' in the duchy of Lubec. m of the Dec. okonda, near id mine, 270- Lon. 7640 own of France, . eurthe, feattd 1 at the con- Marte, 30- f Italy, in the :ed on a gulf' liies EofGe- 4424N. republic and ■ Jer the prottc- jZuric, Bern, Try is fix miitJ land contains Iflis^iongky (Koation, being " 1 a- neck of feated fln the Havel, 15 milci NWof |,nd which advances nto the lake of Brandenburg. Zufic, o»er whicly Is a wooden bridge, ,$30 feet long. The inhabitants, fooo in number} are Ratenbvrg, a town ofGerma^*- ny, in the Tirol, with a €aftle, feat- all catholics, ed on the river Inn. Lon. 11 ^ E, The harbour, an excellent one, is lat. 47 30N. within the circuit of the walls. Rap- Rathmines, a remarkable place perfchwyl is la miles SE of Zuric. Lon. 841 E, lat. 47 10 N. RAPoirsTiiN, orRiBAU Piir- %l, a town of Fiance, in the depart- inent of Upper Rhine, eight miles N of Colmar. Rafollo, a town of Naples, in m Ireland, a mile and a half from Dublin, where the duke of Ormond* Vvas defeated by the parliament's forces in 1649.. Ratiboh, atownofSilefia, capr- tal of a duchy of the faaie name, with • a caftle,, feated on the Oder, 1 5 miles Bifilicata, with a biflaop's fee, 56 NEof Troppiw, ana 142 E of Prague, miles W of Bari, and 70 E of Naples. Lon. 17 54 E, I,it. 50 11 N. Rappahannoc, a river of Virgi- _ Ratisbon, an ancient, and ftrong nia, which falls into the bay of Chefa- city of Germany, in the circle of Ba« peak. varia. It is free and imperial, and is a Rabitan, a river of New Jerfcy, bilhop's fee, whofe bifliop is a pince which paffing by Brunfwick and Am- of the empire. In its magnificent boy, enters Arthur KuU Sound, and town-hall, the general diets of the em- helps to form the fine harbour of pire meet. It is feated on the Danobe, Amboy. overwhichisa (tone bridge of 1 5 arches, Rascia. See Ratzia. ^ The inhabitants, in general, are pro- Raskborg, a feaport of Sweden, teftants, as all the magiftrates muft be. capital of a canton in Nyland. It is It is 62 miles N of Munich, and 195 feated on the gulf of Finland, 37 miles W of Vienna. Lon. iS 5 E, lat. 48 SEof Abo. Lon. 13 18 E, lat. 60 56 N. 16 N. Rasin, a town of Lincolnfhire, with a market on Tuefday. It is Ratolfzii, a ftrong toivn of Suabia, on that part of the lake of Con- ftance, called Bodenfec. It belongs (onnmonly called Market Rafen, and to the houfe of Auftria, and is iz isfeate3on a branch of the Ankam, miles W of the city of Con ftance. J4 miles NE of Lincoln, and 150 N Rattan. See Ruattan. of London. Ratzebvrr, a fortified town of RasocaimO, acapeoniheN coaft Germany, in the duchy of Saxe-La- of Sicily, near a town of the fame wenburg, with a bi/hop's fee, and » name, W of Cape Faro, and N of caftle. It is fsated on an ifland, in the Meflina. m'dft of a lake 30 miles in circumfe- Rastadt, a town of Germany, rence. The town belongs partly to inthe arthbifhopric of Salfzburg, feat- the duchy of Mecklenburg StreJitz, ed on the river Ens, 48 miles E of and partly to that of Saxe-Lawenburg. Saltzburg. From l' -• lake of Ratzeburg iffues Rastadt^ a town of Germany, the river Waknits, whi:h joins the in the marquifate of Baden, with a Trave near Lubec, Ratzeburg is no- caftle. It is remarkable for a treaty ted for its excellent beer, and is ix concluded here between the French miles SE of Lubec, and 12 N ofLa- and impcrialifts in 1714, and is feated wenbarg. on the Mcrg, near the Rhine, four Ratzia, or Rascia, theeaftern m'Lege, three miles N of Liege. Ravel L4« & feaport of Naples, in Principato Citeriote, with a bifliop's fef. It is. 10 miles W.of S.\lcrno. and 25 SB of Naples. Lon. 14^41 £; lat. 40 36 N; . Ravjenclass,.? townin Cumbor- lapd, with a market on Saturday, it is feaced on an inlet of the Iri.ih fea, between the rivers Irt, Mite, ^nd £i)c> ^4 rr.ilos S of Cockermnuth, and j^^ N1NW of London. Lon. 3 30 >W, lak. 54 ao N. . Raven:ja, an ancleol city of Ita- ly, the capital .of Rnmagna, with an ' arFhbiihop'&.fee;. and aruiaonsci.tade-L It;$s feated near the Mar tone, 37 miles S£ of Ferrara, 4nd »£» N of Rome. L^n. II, 5«!|, lat. 44 25 N. Ravsnssurq, acountyof Germa-, jiy, in the circle of Weftpba'.ia. , It is fo.ca!!ed(from acafile of the fame name, ar>.d is Ub;:<^ to the king .of Pruflia* Herford is the capital. Ravknsbvrq* a free imperial town of Suabia,. feated on the Cheufs,, 1 5< miles N W of Liodaw, Loq. 9 40 E,; lat, 47 59 N. R.vvEigTJtiN, a town of Dutch. Biabant, capital of a county of the fame namje, with % caftle. It beiorgs to the eleAor paldtinr> but has a Dutch garrifon. Ic js feated on the Maefe, to mi!es SW uf Nimeguen. Lon 5 35 E, iat. 51 46 N. Rauves,. a river of fUndooftan. Proper, one of the fivQ £ branches of the Indus, into. which river it fdl)3, about ao miles W of Muultan, after i«ceiving the united waters of the Che> him and Chunaub. Ravx£ioh, atowji in Eitcx, with a market on Saturday, 13, miles SE of Cliplmsford, and 34 £ of London. Readinxs, a borough in BrrkHiire, V>th a naarket oo Saturday* It U feat- RHD ed near the confluence of the Kenuef with the Thames, and has three churches, and fome ruins of a ri;h abbey, built by Henry I, who was in, terred here. In 1787, in digging tj-^ foundation for a houfe of correflion on the flce of the abbey, the remainj* of that prince were found in a vault in a leaden coffin. P«diiig is J nailes W of Londoa. Lon. o raW lat. 5128N. ^ 7 Readikg» ihe capital of the cout. ty of Berks in Pcnnfylvanla, on theij. iVer Schuykill. Xon. 75 54 W,lat.w 42 N. R»AlMOKTv, a townof France, ia , tlie department of Upper Caroline, "i.l miles NE of Touloufs. ^ ' Rebel, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Mecklenburg; feated on, Jake Muritz, 30, miles SE of Cirf. trow. Rexkjck,! a populous nwn of Wj. lacbia, feated on the Aluu, with 1 , bifliop's fee, 45 miJea SW, of Taigo- ' wifco. Reccan. See Ar a can. R E c H L IN r, H A u s E*f, a town in ;he - archbifliopric of Cologne^ capital ofai county of the fame name, with a ftrong citadel, ■ and a chapter of noble ladiej. It^s feated on the Lippe, ao miles W. of Ham. Loo, 8 36 E,Jat. ,51 17. N., R MOK. A N A T I , .a commercial town in the marquifat,e of Ancona, witjij j bifliop'a. fee, and a great fair, in Sep- tember, which continues 15 dajis. It ,is feated on a mountain, neaiie , Munfrne, 14 miles S of Ancona, mi \ .iio-NE of Rome. j . R.tcuj.VE»» a village of Kent (the j Reguibium of the Romans.) near the mouth of the Thames It is noicd fcr| its church* which was once coilegi-tf, , and has twc fpires that ferve for a fa< mark, and are called by mariners, *ih! Two Sifters', It .U 12 miles Wm'I Margate, and 65 E by SofLoiuion, REJ>iBVR.N, a village of HcrtSfj once greatly famed for the pretcndd relics of Amphibulus, who conver.di St. Alban .to Chviftianity. . ii ;: fir! miles NW of St. Alban's. RkohsaO) a promontory of A&» L .. a<"(\«N't\»."V«i the Kennrt has three IS of a fi;h who via in, i digging t^ie )f correftion, , the remains cl in a vault, sadliig is yi c^n. o 5»W, jl of the com. j nia, on the ri- 54 W>lat.4a ; of France, ja r Caro/ine, ;ji. Germany, in urg; featedoi)., ; S£ of Cd. usnwnofWj. I AIuu, with 1 , SW.orTitgo.] [lACAK. tt, a town in ;lie - ne,, capital ofti le, wUhaftrongI of Hoble ladies. e, 10 miles Wl E,.lat. ,51 i|j [tnmercial toyii | incona, wiihij It fair, in Sep- tue& 15 daju. ! ttain, neat the! [f Ancona, aoij ;ofKent(tlie pans.) near the It is noted for tr.ce coiie|i-tt, [ferve for a fo» nariners, < iIk Iz miles V/,Df 1 S of Loiuioi). pge of HertSi I the pretendtj Ivho conve- .1 REG REt fijlliire, on the German Oc«an, lying on a great trade In fitk. It was tAef Sof Montrofc. Here are the ruins of by prince Eugene in 1706, and by th% ictllle> almoR furrounded by the fea. king of Sardinia in I74«. It is t^ Till the year 1793, this cape was the miles NW of Modena, and 80 SE of Mint beyond which coal was not Milan. Lon. 1 1 5 E, lat. 44, 43 Kr persfiitted to pafs without paying an op- ^ Reggioi aduchy of Italy, included pitffive tax, which was taken off by a in that of Modena. Exeept the mar^ I (ommutation duty on fpirits. (}uifate of St. Martin, fubjefi to k RctioN, a town of France in the prince of that name, the whole of it department of IHe and Vilaine. It belongs to the duke of Moden». I ferves as a mart for the commerce of Ri«-ina, a town of Naples, in Ca- Rennes, and is fcatcd on the Vitainc, 'abria Citeriore, 14 miles N of Cofenzsu jomiles £ of Vannes, and tt^Y, by S Rkcnako, a town of Italy, inthd I of Paris. patrimony of St. Peter, feated near the Tiber, 17 miles N of Rome. RxiCHZNAU, an ifiand of Suabia^ in the Zeiler Zee, or In^er lake at of Conftance. It is three miles long and one broad} contains i6ooinhabitantsV all catholics ; three pariiies, and m lifSpaininGalicia, with a caftle. It rich abbey, of which the bifliop of I was pillaged by the EngHib in 1701, Conftance is abbot. It ii three mildi [feated at the bottom of a bay of the W of Conftance, and belongs to this bilhap of that place. Rkichsnau, a town of SwifTeti. land, in the country of the Grifonf, at th« conflux of the two branches, which form the Rhine, cntt whiciv are two curious Wn'i^s. It ia feveii ii ;: ii^? Redonda, a town of Portugal, in I Beita, with a caftle, and a manufa^o- ty of cloth. It is feated at the mouth ef the Mondego, 17 miles SW 1 Coimbra. RiDONDELLA, a comirwrclal town Atlantic, eight miles S of Ponte Vedra. Ilan. 8 15 W, lat. 42 18 N. RiDiiuTH, a town of Cornwall, In miles NNE of Helftone, and 262 {Wby Sof London. Red Sea, a fea celebrated in holy bntory ofAtt* Ivtit. It extends in a dire^ion from miles SW of Colre. Iv to S, dividing Africa from Arabia. RxicHBN»AeR> a^ tivn Cif SwilL Jit is feparated from the Mediterranean ferland, which has. its fburce at th« loQ the N by the ifthmus of Suez, and foot of Mount Wotterhorn, and united ItomiottDicates, by the ftraits of Ba- with the Aar, iatn which- it con veya jltlmandel, on the S, with tb« Arabian the gold-duA found in the bed of thak biea. rivtr» Reis, a ftrong town of Germany, Reichxmbach, a«oinmefua1 towfii lin the liuchy of Cleves, feated on the of Germany, in the circle of tippet- Ihioe, 10 miles SE of Cleves. Saxony and territory ofVoigtland. Reginsberg, a town of Swiffer- Rkichbi4Bach, a town ofSilefia^. nd, in the canton of Zuiic* capital capital of a circle of^ the dime name* |ofabailivvic of the fame name, witha .U is feated on the Peil, andisdiftin^ Srongcaillc. It is feated on a rock, gui ihd by the peace 'concluded in nd is 10 miles NW of Zuric. 1790, bei.v;'een the emperor Leopold Regoio, apopuloustown of Naples, Ii and the 1'urks. Pn Calabria Uiteriore, with an atchbi . Reich embehg, a oaftle of Oer^. Ihop's fee, and a woollen manufactory, many, in the circle of the Upper [it is feated on the ftrait of Me/Bna, Rhine, and county of Catcenelenbogen^ feated oti a mountain near the Rhine,^ and fubjcdl to the prince of HelTe Rheinfeld. Lou. 7^ 57 £, lat. 56,, 4 N. ' Rbichenstbin, atownnf Silefu^ five miles from GUtz, fanroufr for tb4. M miles SE of Meffina, and 190 S f1 1 of Naples. Lpn 16 o E, lat. 3-8 RegCiIO, an ancient city of Italy, In a duchy of the fame name, with a litadel and a bllhop's fee. The inha- lituts are^ abauft aijcco, who Ciury miiies ia its iieig^hbotti;houd,v . REP • R.B1CH8H0FEN, 3 town of Francc, »n the department of Lower Rhine, «itK a ca(ile in the neighbourhood of Haguenau. Rbmjxrmont, a town of France^ in the department of the Vo%fis, feat- fid on the Mofelle^ at the foot of Mont de VofgcS) 42 miles S by £ of Nanci. RzfAYf St. a town of France, in the department of the Mouths of the JRhone, with a Rpman maufoleum en- tire, and the ruins of a triumphal arch. It iS'io miles N£ of Aries. Rendsbvrg, a town in the duchy •f Hohlein, with a callle, in an iHand formed b^theEyder, 12 milea S^ of S'efwick. i RiNFREw, a town of Scclaod, ca- pital of a /hire of the £ame name. It is feated on the Clyde, near the mout-h •f the Cart, lo miles £ by S of Port Glafgow, and 45 W of Edinburgh. Lon. 4 26 W, lat. 55 51 N. RsNFREwtHiRE, a county of Scotland, bounded on the W and N by the frith of Clyde, on the £ by Lanerk- ihire, and on the SW by Ayrfhirs. This county was the paternal inheri'. tance pf the Stuarte before they afcenu- cd the thioit^e, and it gives the title of Ikaron to the prince of Wales. Ren NEs, an ancient cityof France> capital of the department of Ifle snt! Yilaine* with an archbifliop'; fee. The inhabitants are comp'^ted r.t 35,000. Its ftreets are now broid and ftraigbt; but they were very nar- row oet'qtt the fire in 1720; v^hich confumed 850 boufes. It is featei on the Vilaine, which divides it intu two parts, 42 miles SE of St. Maio. X#on. I 36 W, lat. 48 7 N. Rentj, a town hf France, in the department of the Straits of Call's and late province of Artoig. It is leatcd on the Aa, 12 miles SW of Aire. Reols, a town of France, in thf* department of Gironde, feated on the Garonne, 20 miles SE of Bv^urdcaux. Rei'MLLe, a town of Savoy, in Chablais, feated on the river which fails into the lake of Geneva, three rniles from Thonon, and ao N£ of Geneva. £.|;r SH AM« a town of Norfolk) REV with a marl '•t on Saturday. It'nastw | churches in one churchyard, and it l^ miles NW of Norwich, and loa NL of lL.ondon. Req^ukna, a town of Spain, m New Ca.iile, with a caftle. It wi$ taken by the Engiiih in 1706, ni retaken by the Fjench the next yev, It is feated on the Oliana, 40 miles W of Valencia, and 130 E-by S of Ma. j drid. Re'sht, a town of Periia, eapiol of Ghilan, feated on the CafpianSea^j no miles N of Calbin. Lon. 51 1( [ E, lat. 37 18 N. Resocuiion Is'^akd^ an ilk)d| in the Pacific Oceai, fo called frooi^l the fltip Refulution, in which captaii f Cook made his feco,id voyage to tiutl ocean. Lon. 14X 45. W, lat. m 23 S, Retpord, East, a borough of I Nottingham/hire, with a market 01 f Saturday. It is 30 miles N of Not. I tingham, and 144 N by W of Londoivl Ret H EL, an ancient town France, in the department of the An| demies, feated on a mountain, m the Aifnc, 20 milts N£ of Rheiiii!;| ao'iioS N£ of Paris. . Rktimo, a feaport of Cai "/fith a bilhop'sfee, and a citadel, wit the baOiaw refides. It wa^ taktaitl 1647, by the Turks, and is feated oi| v'he N coaft of the ifland, 450111 ftom Candia. Lon. 24 45 E, lat. d Rji^vel, a town of France, inn department of Upper Garonne, miles W of St, Papoul. Revel, a ftrong feaport of I Rufiian empire, capital of thegon vn?nt of £ fthonia,with a bifliop's fee,k a ca\\1c. It is become a place of gtt trade, fince the Ru (Hans obtained p feflioncfitj and ther: are twogn fairs in May and September, frequtm cd by Englifh and Dutch merchant!. is feated on the ^ulf of Finland, 1 miles SE of Auorand 133 WbyS^ Petrrlbuigh. Lon. 23 57 £> 1»M »oN. Revkro, a ftrong townofltaj in the Mantuan, feated on the r 10 mii«s N£ of Mirandola^anaioS ..i^KJ.V/^^i. in^^tv-^v*^ mountain, nu RHE kut I if Mantua. j8N. Lon. X 9 E) hit, 44 in Thurgau, with an abbeys eft ail ifljind formed by the Rhine, betweea Reuss, ariverofSwiflerland, which Schatfhaufen and Egiifau. "^ tifcs in the lake of Locendro, flows Rheinbe»<;, a town of Germany^, (kiough the lake and town of Luccrn, in the eleftorate of Cologne, feated on jnd joining the Aar, falls into the the Rhine, 40 miles NW of Cologne, Rhine below Zurzach. Rhxin^c, a town of Germnny, ii> Reutling EN, a 'free and imperial the archbifliopric of Cologne, feated on ilD«n of Gtrmany, in the duchy of the Rhine. Lon. 7 33 E, lac. 5*^ Wirteinburg. It is feated on the 27 N. Ichcrt, near the Ncckar, lo miles E Rheinic, a town of SwiiTerland, LfXubingen, and 37 S of Stutgard. ' capital of the Rheinthal, feated on the Reian, a onceconfiderable city of Rhine, near the lake of Conftance^ uflia, capital of a government of the with a caftle. Lon* 9 »3 E, lat. 47 Bitne name, which had formerly its 41 N. iwn piinces, and was afterward a pro- Rheinfxld, a ftrong town of nee of the government of Mofcow. Euabia, the beft of the four foTtd- his city, the fee of an archbifhop, towns, belonging to the houfe of Auf- ns almcfl ruined by the Tartars, in ic68. It is feated at the confluence 'the Trubefli and Occa, 100 miles teof Mofcow, Lon. 40 37 E, lat. tria. It has been often taken and re« taken, and is feated on the Rbine^. over which is a pidturefque bridgo of feveral arches, eight miles £ of Bafle*. Rheinfkis, acaftleof Germany^ Rhe, a populous ifland on the W in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and? laft of France, in the department of county of the fame name. It is one of (r Charente. It Is four leagues the mottimpcrtant places on theRbine,^ iDg, and two broad* Its produfts in regard to ftrength and fituation. It a bitter wine, abundance of fait, is built on a craggy rock, at ^ue foot xelknt brandy, t •'d the liquor called of which is the town of St. Goar, and. life-feed. It is eight miles W of Ro- was taken by the French, Nov. i,, idle. Its capital is St. Martin, a 1794. It is 15 m^les S of Coblentz. ' ing feaport* Lon* I 29 W, lat* Rheingav, adiftri£lofGermany^ 16 15 N. on the £ fide of the Rhine, extending* Rhbims, an ancient city of France, from Nieder Wallauf to Lonich. the department of Marne, with an The vine is here chiefly cultivated* biihop's fee. The inhabitants are Elfeld is the capital. Rh:.xnland, a part of S Hollandy~ lying on both fides of the Rhine*. Leyden Is the capital. Rhein-Sabkrn, atownof Ger- many, in the bilhopric of Spire, with' a caftle, 1 5 miles S of Spire, Rhiinthal, a fertile valley of Swiflerland, lying along the Rhin-, which divides it from Auftria, till it ainsofan amphitheatre^ ofataftle, reaches thclake ' ad is famous. Rheims is feated country of the Gvifons j fo called thi Vefle, 'i miles N of Troyes, from the Hinder Rhine, which runs 75 NE of Paris. Lon. 4 8 E, through the valley. Splugen is the 49>SN. capital. H £ J.N A u, a town, of SwiiTerland, Rhsncn, a city of the UnltiiudL H IIHI RHC Provinces, in Utreclit, feated on the*nd enters the Zuider See, lt'.m Leek, ao miles SE of Utrecht. It Cannpen. — The old river proceeds ttl Was taken by the French in 1672 Rhcnen to Wyck-by-Duerftede, whal and 1795. Lon. 5 12 E, lat. 51 it again divides into two ftreams: tliJ 59 N. to the left is called the Leek, and td Rhine, a great river of Europe, tcrs ti^ Merwe above Rotterdam,! which riiies in the Alps of the coiwlry The branch to the right, which retiJ of the Grifnns, in SwifTeriand, an J is its name, but is now an inconfideratil formed of two piincipal ftreams, the ftrearo, piifTes on to Utrecht, Wwrvl Upper or Hinder Rhine, to the E, den, and Leyden, and is literaij.! and the Lower Rhine (formed by two choked up by mountains of ijjl fmall ftreams, called the Middle and hear the village of Catwyck. the Further Rhine) to the VV. The Rhine, Lower, a circle of tin Upper and Lower Rhine uniting at e:npire of Germany, which cxtcu Reichenau, form a fine river, • over from the circle of Suabia, on the S 1 which is a curious bridge of one arch, that of Weftphalia, on the N. L the fpan of which ". aao feet long, contains the eledtorates of MentJ Faffing by Coire, at the diftahce of a Treves, and Cologne, and the nia mile, the Rhine firft becomes naviga- nate of the Rhine, ble for rafts. It is foon after the Rhine, Lower, a departmrnto Itoundary between the Rhcintal and France, lately Lower Alface. Stn A'jftria, ai ' pafles through the lake of burg is the capital. Conftance, the jargeft in SwifTeriand. Rhine, Upper, a departmfjitoi Leaving this lake, it forms a celebra- France, lately Upper Alface. Coin ted cataradt below Schaffhaufen (fee is thecapitah Lauffen) and becomes the boun- Rhine, Upper, a circle of u dary between Swiflerland , and Alface empire of Germany, which incW on the S andW, and Suabia on the N the territories of Hefle-Caflel, Hcff •nd E, LeMring Alface and Suabia, Darmftadt, Hefle - lyieinfeld, at, liherivergiveanameto the two German Helfe-Homburg j thecoi'ntiesofNal circles of the^Upper and Lower Rhine, fau, Solms, Hanau, Spanheim. Wie waters many confiderable cities and Wefterburg, and Waldeck, with ' towns, and receives fome large rivers, abhies of Fulde and Hirfchfeld, 1 in its courfe to the United Provinces, imperial towns of Francfort, Fridbtj Below Emmericlt, - in the duchy of .and Wetziar ; the biflioprics offipi* Cloves, it divides into two ftreams. and Worms,, and. the duchy of Dtiu That which bends to the aV, and Fonts. fluws by Nimeguen, is called the Rhine, PAtATiNATlor thi Waha', but lofes that name on its See Palatinate, jiinftion with the Maefe at Bommel. Rhode Island, one of the UniJ Sclow Worcum, it divides into four ted States of N America, bounded ( principal branches, forming the iftcs the N and £ by MafTichufets, on ti of Yfielmonde, Voorn, and Overflac- S by the Atlantic, and on theWl, kee; the moftiiorihern branch is called Connediicut. It contains five cooo the Merwe, and pafling by Rotterdam ties, and29townniips, Itisashealt!) and Schicdsim, is joined by the branch ful as any part of N America, and! from the S hdj of Ydcimonde, and principally a country for pafture. Prf enters tiie German Ocean, below the vidence and Newport are the ch' Brielt the other two br.' ches make towns. their exit at Helvo( tfluys and Goree. Rhode Island, an iflandofi -f-The ftream which had branched off America, in the ftate of the fa to the right, below Emm*rick, retains name. It is 13 miles from N to S,ai its name; but another fwn branches four miles wide, and is divided into thrd «f)' (9 the W« takes the name of YiTel^. townihips. It is a noted tefort of r -V>411« ♦' M Ivn^V^'V" Rt A RIC I The principal town, of the f.unaname, lisanarchbilhop's fee, and has a good jhafbour, with a narrow entrance be- Iwtcn two rocks. Here, in all pioba- Ikility, dMd the famous Coloflus, a |fiatuf««f bronre, 70 cubits high, reck- UliJifrom the fouthern climates, and W of Leon. Lon. 89 10 W, lat. l& li$d!£
  • » luwn ' mkfliire, with a ■y- Jt is feated i i;'"WNWofYor 'of Londan. RiPPON, an anc ie W riding of y "wetonThurfday. '«Ure, and lias a< lorned with threeJc "i-d for its manufdd I'^-cularlyfpurs.and ^wft, and 218 N ^^VntR, an ai f"i«, In the departt Hon the Cardon Jweville, and 95 R'SflOROUOH.atO^ ""'«, with a marl ;-.-<• I '» 'i^m .^^^ R'TaiHG,atown( ecrcleofWeftphah- \^of the fai;e ;«. feated on the E ^ of Paderborn. irof'nces of Brafil, lying near the tro- pic of Capricorn. The Portugtiefe I innually export hence gold, filver, and pKcious ftones. It receives its name from the Rio- Janeiro, at the mouth lo/which, in Ion. 41 43 W, and Ut. 1 21 54 S, is (ituate the city Oi' St. Se- I bi'iiarii its capital. RioM, an ancient town of France^ I In the department of '^uy de Dome, Ihtcd on a hill, eight miles N£ of I Clermont and 115 S of Parisi RioNS, a town of France, in the hepirtment of Gironde, eight miles \i\ixn Bjurdeaux. Rita Transoni, a ftrong town |«f luly, in the marquifatc of Ancona, Iwitii a bilhop's fee, eight miles from |Fcrnf)o. Lt)n. 13 50 E, iat. 42 59 N. Ripen, a feaport of Denmark, in IN Jutland, capital of a diocefc of J s liTie nar", with a caftle, and two ulitgts. The tombs of feveral kings F Denmark are in the cathedral. The libour is ac a fmall diftance, at the iDuthofthe river Nipfaa, 55 miles m of Slefwick, and 60 S by W of Viburg. Lon. 9 o E, Iat. $5 25 N. Ripley, a town in the W riding fYorkihire, with a market' on Mon- py. It is feated on the Nyd, 23 lilesWNW of York, and 221 N by ^of London, RirpoN, an ancient borough in lie W riding of Yorkfhire, with a birket on Timrfdiiy. It is feated on peUre, and has a collegiate church, worned wiih threeJofty fpires. It is pd for its manufactory of hardware, ptticularly fpurs, and is 18 miles NW fYork, and aig NNW of London. RmwiER, an ancient town of Irance, in the department of Somme, lited on the Cardon, five miles NE [Abbeville, and 95 N of Paris. |RisBORouoK, a town of Bucking* nihire, with a market on Saturday, >mi!es S of Aillbury, and 37 WNW {London. jRiTBtRG, a town of Germany, In |c circle of Weftphalia, capital of a unty of the fame name, with a ftle, feated on the Embs, J2 miles " of Paderbornt l-on. 8 4a E, ROB RiVA, a ftrcns town of Germany» in the biffioprc of Treat. It was taken by the French in 1703, but abandoned. It is feaced at the mouth of a river, oa lake Garda, 17 miles SW of Trent. RiVADAviA. See Ribaoavia. RivADEo. See Ribadco. Rivallo, a town of Naples, in Terra-di'Lavora, feated on a muun* tain, 20 miles from Naples. RivESAr.TE5,atown of France, in the departmeiitof the Eaftern Pyrenees, feated on the Egly, eight miles from Perpignan. It is famous for fine wine. RivoLi, a town of Piedmont, with a cafile, nine miles W of Turin. RivoLo, a town of Italy, in ths Veronefe, feated on lake Garda, ao miles NW of Verona. RoA, a ftrong town of Spain in Old Caltile, with a citadel, feated on the Doucro, 10 miles SW of Arauda, and 70 N of Madiid. Roan N I, a commercial town of F ranee, in the department of Rhone and Loire, It was a village only at the comm cucement of the prefent cen- tury } is feated on the Loire, where it begins to be navigable for barks; and ' is 50 m'les NE of Clermont, and 210 S£ of Paris. Lon. 4 12 £, Iat. 46 13 N. RoANOKK, an ifland on tlie CQaft of N Carolina, in Albemarle county. Lan. 76 o W, Iat. 35 50 N. Roanoke, a river of N America, formed by two principal branches ; namely, Stauhton River, which rifes in Virginia, and Dan River, which rifes in N Carolina. On account of the falls, it is navigable for Ihallops only, about 70 miles. It enters, by feveral mouths, into the SW end of Albemarle Sound. RoBBEN Island, called fome- times, in Englifli charts, Penguin If- land, a barren ifland near the Cape of Good Hope. Lon. >8 22 £, Iat. 33 50 S. RoBiL, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Mecklenburg^ feated on the river Muretz. Robin-Hood*s-Bay, a bay of the N riding of YorkOiire, to the S£ of T- 1 ROC "Whitby. Lon. o l8 W, lat. 54 15 N. RoccA d'Anko, a ftrong town of Italy, in the Brcfciano, feaied on Jake Idro, 25 miles S£ of Trent. Roccad'Annone, and Rocca- p'Abbazze, two forts of Iiraly> in Montferrat, each feated on a nnoun- tain, in the road ftom Afti to Alex- •ndria. RocHDALt, a town in Lancalhirc, with a confiderjble market on Mon- day and Saturday. It has flouridiing manuFa£lniies of bays, ferges, and pther woollen goods. It Is feitted on theRoch, 55 miles WSWofYork, jind ig^NNW ot London. Roche, a town of Sv/iflcrland, fubjefl to the canton cf Bern, which Jias here a dircdior of the fait- works. The celebrated Hallcr filled that office from 1758 to 1766. Roche, or Roche-en-Ardek- YiEs, an ancient town in the duchy of Luxemburg, with a ftiong caftle, feat- ed on a rock, near the river Ourte, 32 miles NW ot' Luxemburg. Roche-Beknaro, a town ot France, in the department of Morbi- han, leatcd on the Vilaine, 23 miles £ of Vanncs. Roche Chovart, a town of France, in the department cf Upper Viennc, with a Caftic on the top of a mountain, on th<« declivity of which the town is feated, 60 miles S by E of poitiers, and 189 S by W of Paris. RocHxroKT,ahandfomeand con- siderable feaport of France, in the de- partment of Lower Charente. It was tuilt by Lewis XIV, in 1664, fix leagues from the mouth of the Cha- rente, the ci-.trancc of which is defend- ed by feveral forts. It is fappofcd to contain 10,000 fouls. It has a mpg- |)iftcent hofpital, vaft barracks, the f RocHii.z» an ancient town of Saxony, in the territory^ of Leipfic,' w;th a caftle, copper-mines, and a bridge over the Muldaw. Rockbridge, a county of Virgi- jiia, in N America. It lies between 1 the Allegany Mountains and the Blue Ridge, and receives its name from a I carious natural bridge. See Cedar Criek. RocKiNGKAM, 3 town of Nof- I thimptonfliire, with a market on Thurfday. Itisfeatedon the Wel- jjnd, 11 miles S of Oakham and ^84, [Nby W of London, Rocovx, n village near Liege, re- imarbble for a viftory gair.rd by the I Frcnch'over the allies, in 1746. RocRDY, a town of France, in the lilcpartment of Ardennes, celebrated Itorthe viftory, wliich the pnncc of ICmde, then duke of Eiighien, and Idnly 21 years of age, gainsd over the •Spaniards, in 1643. It is 26 miles N (t'Rethtl. Ror)£STO, RoDOSTo, or Ru- loisTO, a populous feapopt of Roma- Inia, with a Greek bi/hop's fee. It is Iftated on the fide of a hill, on the fea lofMarmorn, 6z miles SW of Con- Iftantinople. Lon. 27 37 E, lat. 41 llN. RoDEz, an ancient town of France, In the department of Aveiron, feated pn a hill, at the foot of which flows he rapid Aveiron. Here are four ^reat annual fairs, where mules are «ld for Spain J and fome manufaflories bfgtay cloths and ferges. It is a bi- liop's fee, 30 miles W by S of "dende. RoDiNG, the name of eight parifhes itheW of Eflex, diftinguiflied by k additional appell.\t:oa of Abbots, Bfrncrs, Benuchamp, Eythorp, High^ Leaden, Margirct, an J White. This part of the county is called the RoJings, and takes its name from the riVer Rodiiig, whioh rifes near Canfield, and flowing through thd Rodings, fills into the Thames below Dafking. They are celebrated for excellent arable land, as they have been for execrable roadc. RoEHAMPToN, a hanilet of Put- ney, in Surry, at the W extremity of the heath. From its fine fituation, and vicinity to Richmond Park, it is iOrned with fome «legant villas. Ro£R, a river ofWeftphalia, whith rifes in the duchy of Juliers, pafTes by the town of that name, and falls into the Maefe beldw Ruremonde. ' Ro£R, a river of Getmany, which- rifes in the circle of the Upper Rhiile^' waters Arenfberg, and falls inf^lthe Rhine, below Dulfburg. RoEtrx, a town of AuflrianHaih- auit, eight miles NE of Mom. RoHAczo, a town of Lithuania, capital of • diftrift of the fame name, and feated at the oonfluencc of (he Dnieper and Ordrwa, 37 miles NW ofRziczica, and "15S N of Kioft", or K!ow. Lon. 30 40 E, lat. 53 2 N, Rohan, a town cf France, iii she! department of Morbihan, feated oa the Aouft, 40 miles N Of Vannes. RoHiLCUND, a territory of Hrn- dooftan Propet, whofe inhabitknt« are called- Rohillas. It lies E of Delhij and is fubjeft to the nabob of Oude, by whom it wjs conquered 101774, Bereiliy is the capital. RoLD'j,c, a town of Auftrian Lim- bitr», capital of a territory of the fame name, with a caftle, fcven miles N of Aix-!a-Chapelle. ;'./ RoLLRicH Stones, in Oxfofot-* fljirc, N of Stanton^ Harcourt, neaif Lonj Compton, in the parifli of Chip- ping- Norton, a circle of ftones {land- ing upright, which the vulgar have « notion were men petrified. Antiqua> ties difagree with refpeA to the orlgia and intention of this ancient tnonu« ment. RoM, or RoEM, «n ill and on the E coaft of S Jutland. . , RoMAGK;\, » fciftile province fjf \,: "ROM Jraly, in the pope's territoriej, bound- ed on the N by the Ferraiefe, on the S by Tufcany and Urbino, on the E by the guU" of Venice, and on the W by the Bohgnefe and Tafcany. Rn- venni is the c^ipitii. RoMAiN-MoTiER, a town of SwifTerland, in the Fays rtc-Vaud, capital of a batliwic, with a cad.'e. It it feated at the foot of a high mountain, in a narrow valley, through which flows the river Diax. Romania, a fertile province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the N by Bu'gjria, on the E by the Black . Sea, on the S by the Archipelago a id , the ff a of Marmora, and on the W by Macedonia and Bulgaria. Ic is . SCO miles in length, and I5t> in . breadth It W4S formerly called Thrace, af||) is the largcft of ail the Tu;ki/It provinces in Europe. I: is divided into three great governnKtits, or fjngia- ' cites ; namely, Kirkei« of wh'ch Phi- , lipoli is the capital } Galipoli, whofe capital is of the fame name ; and By- c^^ntium^ Byzia, or Viza, of which Conftantinople is the capital. Romano, a ftrong and popijinus town of Italy, in Bergamifco, leaced •fi a river that runs between the O^lio . and Serio. Romans, an ancient town of France, in the department of Drom:, ' (ieated on the Ifere. Romans has been , compared, for lituattun and fcenery, to Jerufalem. It is 22 nvles SW of . Grenoble. Ro M E, a famous city, formerly three . times as large as it is at prefent, but ftill one of the largeft cities of Europe. It contains 170,000 inhabitants, which, though greatly inferior to what it could boaft in the days of its ancient power, -. is more than it has been able to num- ber at fome former periods fince the fall of the empire } there being reafon to think, that, at particular times . (ince it has been reduced below 40,000. The numbers have gradually increafed ^ during the prefent century. Rome exhibits a ftrange mixture of magnifi- :. cent and interefting, and of common and beggarly obj«^$. The former ROM canfift of palaces, churches, fountom L a'ld the remaiiis or antiqu ry. [y',1 latter comprchfiul all the leil u( '{^\ city. The church <;f St. PetwV, J tlio cpiui ,n of :n.iny, UupiiUl-s, m'jij an. I magnificence, the fi left m.,„^ I n-.enrs of ancient achiedture. j,,| length is 7jO feet; the beaJth 52c' [ and the height, from the pavomsnt'l to the top of the crofs, whicii crowjj'l ihe cup-)ia, 4 50. A complete AtkLl tion of this chuich, ani of its (htuei I bafTo- relievos, col .rnns, and otbjri ornaments, wouki (i'l volumcj. T|^I Pantheon is the moil perfeft of the! Romai temples which now renuinj From its circular form, it hasobtaii«i| the name of the Rotundo. The;cj no windows } the central openin? m the dome admitting a fufiiciency ri light. The rain which fails thmM tliis aperture, imn^tdiatclydrillsthrou'! holes, wh ch perfotate j large piccec pirphyry, that forms the centre ol( pivement. Being converted into 1 Chrillian temple, the Pantheon, ori|i nally ere£ted to the honQur of all thi gods^ is now dedicated to the Ym} and to alt the martyrs and fainri, M the Pantheon is the moft eiititt, tjy Amphith? itrf of VeCpafian is their«| flupendnus monument of ami(}uityi{ Rome. One half of the external ci^ cuit remains j from which a prt cxadt idea may be formed of thtofiji nal ftrudkure : by a computation 1 Mr. Byres, it could contain gj,0( fpet>ator$. Rut the antiqiiitits RoiTie are too numerous to be minutt defcribed; we flull, therefore, over the ancienr Fnrum, now a r«| mirket'y the beauiful column ofTrj jan, I io feet high, dec. The [ has three fuperb palaces, of which d principal is the Vatican. Thelibn of this palace it the lurgeil and 1 complete in the worlvl. InRome,i| connoifleur will meet with innun ble paintings by the greateft and with the chef-d'ceuvres of fed ture, &c. The callle of St. An| ferves only to keep the city in Rome is feated on the Tiber, wl^ runs through a part of it} and . •.AL.diJ!^'ii-tJ.i)id^^-^liiJ:tj.:i±k ■ '.'K'yiM*. «i itlvn*\<'< Togrodec. RotBACK, a town ofSaxonf, fa^. mous for a viAory, obtained by the king of Pruilia, over che French and the army of the empire, in 1757. RoscHAD, a well built and popu- lous commercial town of SwifTeriand, in a bailiwic of the abbey of "St. Ga'- len, feated on the lake of Conftancc with a caille built on a mountain. RoscHiLD, a town of Denmark, in the ifle of Zealand, with a bidiop's fee, and a univerfity. Ic is famous for a treaty concluded here in 16^8 ; and in the great church are feveral tomb} of the kings of Denmark. It is feat- ed at the bottom of a bay, 1 5 miles V/ of Copcnlugen. Lon. iz 10 E, lat. 55 40 N. Roscommon, a fertile county of Ire'and, in the province of Connaughc, 50 miles in length, and z3 in breadth f bounded on the E by Longford and W Meath, on the N by Sli;jo and Lei- trim, on the S by Galway, and on the W by that county and Mayo. It contains 59 pariOies ; and fends eight members to parliament. Roscommon, a borough of Ire- land, in the county of the fame name, with the feiTions-boufe and a jail; It is 80 miles W of Dublin. RosKAV. See Charlotte- Town. Rose Castle, in Cumberland, a feat of the bi£hop of Carlifle, fituate on the Caude, near Inglewood Foreft. It was burnt down in the civil wars j but has been reftored. Edward I lodg- ed here, in his expedition to Scotland. Ros ES, a feaport of Spain, in Cata« Ionia, wi.h a citadel, feated on the bay of Rofes, in the Mediterranean, 15 miles N£ of Gironna. It was taken by the French, in 1693 and 1795* RosETTO, a town of Egyptff eat- ed on the Nile. Thef Egyptians call St Rafchid. Here is a great man(uac« Xz \< ROS tnt jr of ftilped and other coarfe I'rens ; ^nJallEuropcSumer. liandife is brought hither from Alexandria by fcj, and carried henc; by baati to Cjir). The ^uropfans have their vlce-confuls and Ya£tor».hrre. It is 25 miles NE of \AIex«nty Rotweil, a free iinpeiial city of iijKc t, for .1 (bort fpacc, andenteri Sunoia, in alliance with the Swifs can- it inijiirt) Ch innel at Rye. tons lincc the year 1513. It is fated i;oTKr;tHAM, a tuwn in the W on the Neckjr, near its fourcc, an4 tiling of Yorkniire, with a niaikr-t a!fo near :hjt of ihe Danube, ijmilcl' e, LlurJay f)r ca;Jc and com. It is S of Tubingtin. Cjim (,n the Don, over which is a Roukn, a city of France, capital i,.,cbu^^e, 31 mil s N of Nott'.ng- of the department of Lovv?r Seine, hn. avl i6o N by W of London, with anaichbifhop's Ice. The ftreets Stt.MASBROtCH. are narrow, crooked, dirty, and con. RoTHSAY, a botouiih of Scotland, fiftof wooden houfts} notwithftanding thtciDKali.f theiflvotCute. Itisfitu- which, it is one of the moft opulent ato.^ the E fjde or" the ifland, and has aid important places in France } and (iccl'.en: harbour and pier. Here is (its Ax fuburbt included) is computed ancient caftlc, c ce a royal pilace, ti» contain 73,000 inhabitants. The hich gives the t,tle of duke to the principal church is ornamented with ace of Wales, as it long did, before three towers, in one cf which is the union, to the heir-apparent of the g eat bell, which bears the name of iwn of Scotland. It is 70 miles W cardinal George d' Amboife, a miniftcr, Edinburgh. Lon. 5 17 W, lat. whofe memory is mwch refpedcd in J ;o K. France* It weighs 40,000 lbs. and is RoTHWiLf, atovnof Northamp- one foot thick ; its circumference is (hire, with a market on Monday. 3* feet, and its height and brca lih 19 tisfMtedon the fide of a hill, 15 feet. Thclinens of Rouen, pariicnn^ IfiNNEof Northampton, and 79 larly what are cal ed the Siamoife, are' SWof L:>iidon. much eftccmed. There arc alto ma- RoTTEB DAM, a city of the United nu factories of cloth, and a manufac- ovinccs, in M.>!Ur.d, with one of the tory of oil of vitriol, the only one in eft harbours in the Netherlands. It France. The fuburb of St. Sever, the moft confiJtrable pl.ice in Hoi- fituite on the S fide of the Seine, d, for fiZ2, b.ju>y of buildings, communicates with the city by abridge trade, next to Amfterdam. There of boats, which rifes and falls with the h many Je.p canals, that fiiips tide, and is made to open fo as to admit y unload at the very doors of the the pafTage of ftps. It is paved, cKoufcs. It is more fret^ucnted by :3nd is 470 paces long. Rouen is 50 eBritiih merchants than Amftcrdaai, miles SW of Amiens, and 70 N W of me the ice goes awjy fjoncr, and Paris. Lon. 1 10 E, lat. 49 27 N. mic tile in tkvo or three hours will Rovere, or Rover do, a tov/n \ a vefll'l into the open fea. Some of Germany, in ihe Tirol, featcd en tluhoufcs are built in the oM Spj- the Adige, at the foot of a mountain, llylf, with the gable cods tin- and on the fide of a ftream, over which ikdinfontj but there is a great is a biidge, defended by two large ffiberof modern brick houfes, which towers and a ftiong ;aftle, eight miltS lofcy ind fpacious, particularly on S of Trent. t magiiiriCi.nt quiy called the Bonib RouERGUE,a late province of Francpj, ts. Rittddain received the Fiench in the government of Guicnnc, bound- 's. J m. 23, 1795. Itisfeatedon ed on the E by the Cevennes and Qe- Merwc (ihe moft northern brasich vaudan, on the W by C^erci, en tlie the Ma(f-,) 13 miles SE of N by the f-imc and Auverg^e, a-.d on the S by Languedoc. It now forms the department of Avciron. RoviGNo, ^. populous t)wn of Vene- . ti.in Iftria, with vwa guoJ h.t> boars. It is loated on a peniiilulaon the wcfVern fcjalt, eijihi miles S of Par.ni»>, an^ gue, antl 50 SSW of Amfterdam. .4j8E, lit. 51 56 N. ROTTERDAM, one cf the FrienOly Msin tlie S Pai-;tic O eao, rtifcov.-r- py Tafman in 164-^. Lon. ;74 |W, UC. 20 16 b. ^ H 1 i ROY RUM I ft of Capp d'Iftna. Lon. 14 a E, mllfs S by E of Huntingdon, and 17 Ur. 45 16 Ni N of Loixlon. Rovico, a town of } \y, capital Ru at aid, an ifl.-.r.d of New Spain of the Poiefino di Rovigo, leated on in the bay ot Honduras, with agmjj the Adige, 2 1 miles S of Padua, aod haibour. 37 SW of Venice. Lou. ;? 14 E, Rub.veiia, a ftiong town ofltilr, Ajttt. 45 38 N. See PoLESiNo di one of ihe keys of the Mrdemij' RoviGo. , feated on the Seccij, ei^ht hiiles ficn RovssELAKT, a tov/n of France, Modena. in the department of t!ie Noith and Rvdelstapt, a town of Gerira. ^ate province of French Flanders, 10 ny, in the cour^ty of" Schwartzburj, miles NE of Ypres. wirh a caftle, near the river Sala. RovssiLLON, a late province of Rudisheim, t town in thee)«. France, bounded en the E oy the Me- torate of Mentz, three mil'.s /.on «iiterranean, on the W liy Cerdagra, Ringcn. on the N by Languedoc, and on the S Rf dolf\ve»d, a ftiong towno/l ty Catalonia, from which it is fepara Germany, in Cunviola, featcd on dn j ied by the Pyrenees. SeePymifcEs Gurck, 45 miles SE of jLaubach. Eastesn. Ruff AC, a town of France, in till I RoXBURCSHi»x, a county of Scot- department of Upper Rh.ne, featcdojl land, fometimes called Teviotdale, the Rotbach, ft ven miles ScfColnur.) Ibounded on the N by Berwick/hire, Ruffec, -a town cf Francf, lij en the £ and S by Northumberland the departnrtent of Charente, feitedn] and Cumberland, and on the W by the , Anche, 24 miles N of Angoa.] the (hires of Dumfries and Selkirk. l€me. From N to S it extends 30 miles, and RucBY* a town of Warwickllite)| the famt from £ to W. The face of witbamarketonSatu)day,andafan;i)iil| the country exhibits arou^h, irivgular freefchool, 11 milss S£ of CovcctrjJ app«?arance of moiTes, hills, andmoun- and 85 NNfW of London, tains, interfperfed with narrow vallies, RuciiY) a town of StaffurdAii^l well watered, iind fertile in corn. with a market on Tuefday, ftatcdoil R0XXN7, Gaps, or the Rock or the Trent, fix miles NW of Lichfi(M| Lisbon, a remarkable mountain and and 126 of London, promontory in Portugal, lying at the Rucen, an iflaad of the Baltic, N entrance of the Ta'o, 22 miles W of the coaftof Swedifli Homtrania, ofjx LiftiC .1 Lon. § 35 W, lat. 38 43 fite Straliund, 23 tplles in length, a»J N. '5 in breadth. It is ftrong buth ' Roy AN, once a large town of art ard nature, and abcunds in coijl Fmncc, in the depaitrr.ent of Lower and cattlf. The chief town is Btijei Charente. It is now almoft in ruins, Lon. 14 40 E, L'C. 54 23 N. Rucr.h vVAi.u, a ttwn of CoriwJ ny, in l*iu(iia:j Pomerania, the cbifj ,RoYE8, a ftrorg town of France, in the department of Sommc, n mil;-5 NW of Noyon, and 60 N liy E of RuMKEy, loft/tcknocki Icouniiesof Gl. I enters the 1 ri lofCaidiff. RUMSEV, |H^[)i}iiie, wi (day, a manufa jfeHral paper ; jeight miles N |ind 74 W by S RUNNYME/ Inar Egham ir jjohn was com| ICharta and Ch; Jtiiis mead are a \mjUy attended lie royal family, RuPEL, a r 'etbei/ands, for \Sthe Seaat and 1 tiu After recei Dde. RvrtLMONO] JIawlers, feated o ite the mouth oi BibSWofAntw RWMT, Foi iBtrica, bdoDgtn '»y Company, fa fudfim's Bay. St 3 M. KcpiN, or R, 'crmany, in the '"'' rg, and and is feated at the irciith of ihe Gi ronne, 30 miles S of RochelJe. 1' arts. place of tbf duchy of Wcndcr, wilij caftle. It is feated on the Wij'fi, j| rr.ilfs NE of Col berg. Lon, iJJf E, lut, 54 35 N. Run: FORD, a town in EITex, M a Luge market for hugs on 'Iufi day, and c. rn on Wednelday. I RovsToN, a town, partly in Herts, aid partly inCambridge{hiic. It hasa great market for corn on Wednelday j .Tnd, under the market place, is an is In the paiiiTi of Horncliurcli, Ji ancient fuhtcrraaean chapel, fuppcfcd is 17 miles W^VV of Chelmsford, »o beof Saxon conftru£lion. Royfton ii ENE of Loiidon. I as given i.F, rameto a fptcics of crow, Rumii, iv, a (own of Savoy, (( *|pd alfo the Hooded or Gray Crow, ed at the confluence cf the Snam-i • ch is a bird of fafl'.-ge, It is 15 No[h.i> live niiJes from Annety.. H ''Cifia. on Ule RUS RUS RuMNEY. T Rhyniy, i livcr Japan, and on the W by Sweden,' Lfl'Lcknockftiirc, which feparating the Poland, and the Black Sea. There counties of GUmorgsn and Monmouth, were three countries that had :he name enters the 1 rillol Chaniicl to the SE of Ruflia, namely, RedRuffia, which ofCaidiff. f--i White Ruflfia, which compre- RuMSEY, a corporate t)wn in hends Lithuania} and Black RuiTia, [H^nplhiie, with a ira.ket on Satur- comprehending '-he governmentE of day, a manufjdtory of ftjalltons, and Kaluga, Mofcow, Tula, Reaan, Vo- Ifeverai paper and corn-mills. It is lodimir, and Yarcflaf j and hence her Itight miles NNW of Southampton, imperial majefty takcb the title of em- |ind74 W by S of London. prefs of all the Rufiias. This empire I RvNNYMEAO, a Celebrated mead, exciufive of the late acquifuions from Inear Egham in Surry, where kii:g the Tu«ks and from Poland (f?e Po- I John was compelled to fign Magna land) forms a fquare, whofe fides are Icharta and Charta de Forefta. On »ooo miles each. A country of fuch llkis mead are annual horferaces, ge- vjftexteiitnnuftlieindiAerentclimates, Incrjlly attended by their majefties and and the foil and produAs muft be as ke royal family. SccWhaysbury. different. The moft fertile part is RuPEtt a river of the Auftrian near the frontiers of Poland, The N t)ecbctlands, formed hy the jun^tbn pare is not only more cold, but very itht Senne and CViicr, below Mech- marihy, and overrun with forelb. lin. After receiving the caual from This vail empire has been diwided by the ii<%b, it jslas ^ Cdldd it Ryp^- rj«ient erourer$ Jntc 41 governments, nde. I'he eftablidied rrSigioQ is the Creek RoriLMONDX, a iown of Aiiftrivi church,, which it ^verv \i by a patri- ^ianders, feated on the ScheM, oppo- arch, under whom^are theaich^lkopa ^te the moudi of the Rvpel^ eight and tnlhops. Every ptkft is called a siln SW of Antwerp. § f'f** *" P ))e fame name. It is Icatedon a lake, ruption, from Cefar, emperor} from liilbecumeaconfiaerableplaceoftra(*e, fume fancied relation to the Roman Irith a manufactory of cloth. Itisalfo emperors } on account of which they lotcd f(ir brewers, and is 3 5 miles N W a! fo bear the eagle as a fymbol of their |l Per ill. Lon. 13 6 E, lat. 55 3 N. empire. The fiift who bore the title IUremonde, a ftrong town of of czar, was liafil, fon of Bafilidcs, ^uit.ian Gueiderland, wiih a bilijc-p's who freed his country f.xini its fubjec* r. It fiiftVnd greatly by fire in tion to the Tartars, about the year IWj, and has been taken and retaken 1470. Perhaps nocountry ever exhi*. Ve.al times } particularly in 1793 bited, in To Hinrt a time, the wonders b 1794. by the Ftciich. It is feated that may be affeftcd by the genius ard Itarthc confiuercc of the Maefc and excrt'ons of one man. Peter the m U miles S of Vcnlo, and 70 Crrat at his acceilion to the throne, fE'if Mechlin. found his fubjefls of all ranks invol. I Russia, u large cmplrp, partly in vcd in the grofTeft ignorance and bar- JfU) .md partly in Emopr, bounded barilmj his numerous armies ferocious lulitr N by the Frozen Ocean, on and undifciplined ; and he bad nei'h; r jie S by Tartaiy, 'h? C.ifpian Sea, merchant (hip:; nor men nf war; which, fi I'eiiia, 00 tlie E by ibc iVa of added to the remotcnefs of her fitu*- RUT tlon, Tendered the influence of Ruffia in the politics oT Europe oi littie confi- deratioru FetL-r civilized his barbarous ru{>je£ls, difcip'iiiPd his armies, built cities and toitreIre. Russia, Rso, or Littie Rus- sia, a late province of Polanci, bound- ed on the W by LicJe I'obnd, on the N by Mafovia and Polefia, on the NE by Volhlnia, on the E by Podolia, on ihe SE by Moldavia, and on the S by Hungary. Ic had lUe name pf i^cd jJ^afiia from the coI:;ur of the hair of t-ijc inhaLjiifils.. SicGALiCiA. "RuTCRBSTiit, a v'Magp in Nor- •Vtimberland, NW of ChoUer»on. It is the 7indobjij of the Romans. Se« veriM* wall runs on the middle of the £ rampart, and Adrian's vallum pafTes the dijiancebf a chain to the S of it. Ruthin, a town of Denfaighlhire, with a market on Monday. It is feat- cd on theCiwyd,and had ^ caftle, now in ruins. It is 15 miles SW of Holy- well, and 206 NW of London. RuTiGi.iANO, a town of Naples, ^ve miles from Bari. RuTt ANDSHiRE, the frraihft county of England, 1 5 milfs in Icnjith, iind 1 1 in breadth. It is bounded on the Wand NW by Leiccfterfhire, on the N and NE by Lincolnfhire, and en tbe*S and SE by Ncrthamptor.ni.ic. It lies in the dioccfe of" I'eterbomii^h, coiUains 48 pArifht-s, sr.d two market- towns, and ffnds two members to pailia- ment. The air is vi^ry good, and the fuil rich. Oakham is the county- town. RuTTWNPOUR, a city of the pe- s'rfula of Hiiidooft'an, in Orilla, and the capital of onf of the Weftcn Mih- ratta chiefs. Lon. 2l2 3.<> £^ lat. sz SAA- Ruvo, ,1 popuio.is town of Naphi^ with a biiLop's fee, t6 miles W of Eari. Rtan, LocHjaldkeofWigtonfhir', The (c.i fl, Wb into it thfi u^h a nsirow pafs ; and it wa* fornr.i.rly crowded in the feafon, w th ih-jals ot herrirgs. R Y J! a L- W/. T E K , a like of Well. moiland, a little to the W ofi>\nibleii.le, •t is one niiie in lengrli, fpcttcd wah little iilands, and co^imuniiatc^, hy^ narrow ch.;;.ncl, with Gralmcrc-Vv'd'f, to the W, ajid by the ri\ei- Roili.v with Windeimere-Watir, to the S. ' Rye, a populous borough in Sufll'x with cwo market?,, on WedncWay and Saturday. It is an apnendage to thi cinque ports j but its pji t is fo chakvd ug wiih fand, that it can admit fiaall veflek only. It is 34 mile;, sj of Tunbiidgc and 63 of London. Loc^ o 45 E, l.tt. 51 o N. Ky£GATX* a Lorauuh nfl Surr^Y wi.h a m^liket on Tu^fsay. Ici$f('at. ed in 'a valley calltd HJir.eldale, and h.-Ki a caAle, iume ruineof whlc^ ate (kili to be fcen ; psrticulariy a long^ i vault, w-t!» a room at the end, large enough to hold 500 perfons, whtrs (according to tradition) the burons, who took up arms againft king Johnj hpld their private meetings. It is 16 miles E of Guilford, and' ai SW ol London. RYS.wiCK,,a village in HolWI, between Hague and Delft, where the prince of Orange l.as a pakcc. It Is remarkable fir a treaty, in 1657, between Engl.md, Gcrm.iny, Hollar i'^ France, and Sp>iin. Lou. 4 24 li, lat. 31 2 N. R/ieczica, a town of Lithuanhj capital of a lenicory of the fame ndme, It is fcated ac the confluence of th& Wyrdlzvak and Dnieper, 115 miltj N of Kiow. Lon. 31 5 ii, lat- S« 32 N. C A ADAH, a f^ronf-j and populoui town of Arabia Fi'lix, wlicic ti.e Turkey leather is made. I-an. 44 jj li, lat. 17 5,0 H. S AF SAl of Naph»r itiiles W of Vigtonfliir?. jih a njuow ly crowdcii, )t hertii^gs. .keofVVift. fpoctcd vv;ih nkatc.?, by t ilmcvc-Wdttr \\ct Rovh.y, ', to the S, ugh'inSuffex^ /edncWay aiid cndage to thi ft is (o chokd ic CM admu 5 34 miles Si London, hx*. lay. Itisfrat' d HjliTcldi'iCi ruine of wWclv rticularly a long; ' t the end, large Iperfons, whtrc n) the baronS) nft Icing John^ ngs. It is i6 and' ai SW o( ^e 111 KollanI, clft, where the ; a pabcc. It iMly, in 1697, m.vny, Hollan',. nil. 4 H ^» In of Lilhuaniik Itbe fame name. Inrtuence ot tl* P er, 1 5 t, lai. S« Saba, a towp of Peifia, in Irac- figitai, on the road to Suitania. Lon. 5215E, lat. 3456N. _ SabiA) a cape of Africa, in the Saba, a fertle ifland of the W Sag an, a town of Siiefia, capital l-,dies, 11 miles in circumference, of a priRcipa Ity of tho famenartie, be- inbabited by a few Dutch families from loiiging to piiiicc Libkowitz, with a Sr. Euftatia. It lies a Tittle to the W caiHe and a prijry. By pcrmiffion ot otSt. Chi-iftopher's. Lon. 6317W, the emperor, in 1709, a Lutheran lat. 17 39 N* l*hool was founded here. It is feated ' " " ■ ' on the Bober and Quels, 67 mill's NW of Breflaw. Lon. 15 22 £> la'c. 51- 4a N. Saghalien-oula, a river of kingiiom of Tripoli, at the bottom of E Chinefe Tartary, wh'ch enters the ihc gulf of Sidra. fea of Kamtfchatka, oppofite the if- ■ Sabina, a province of Ita!y, in land^of Saghalien-oula-hata. ' the territory of tlieCh;jrch ; bounded Saghalien out a-hata, anif!» 01 the N by Umbria, on the E by land in the le.i of Kaintfchalica, in Kaples, on the S .hy the Campagna of abr^'it 145° E ion. and from 50 to Rime, and on the W by the patrlmo- 54^ N Jat. It belongs to the Ruffians. jn of St. Peter, it is 22 miles in Sagkalien - out a - kotun, a kn^lh Mi breadth. Magliano is the city of E Chinefe Tartaiy, in the de- 5jnir.il. partmep.t of Tcitcicar, on the S fide S.".u!oNCELi.o, apeninfula of Dal- of the Saghalien-oula, It is rich and inaiia, in the npublic of Ragufa, S of populous, and veiy important on ac- thc gulf of Naicnfa. count of its fituation, as it fecures to S>BioNNBTTA, a ftrong town of the. Mantchew Tartars the pofleffion liaiy, capital of a duchy of the fame of extenfivedeferts covered with woods, m>e, with a caftte. It belongs t > in which a great number of fables are the hufe of Aulhia, and is 20 miles found. Lon., 127 25 E, lat. 50 oN. Eof Cieniina, Lan. iO 30 E, lat. Sagrfz, a ftrong town ofPortu- (;;oN. gal, in Algarva, with a harbour and a SABLEi'an' ancient and populous forcj it is four miles W of Cape St. town ot trance, in the departrr.ent of Vincent, and 125 S of Lifbon. Lon. iirtc, with a callle. It is feaC'-d en 9 4 W, lat. 37 4 N. iht Sarte, 25 miles NE of Angers, Sahagu. , a town of Spain, in ' aid 135 SW cf Paris. Leon, feated on the river Sea, 17 Sable, Cape, th? moft fautherly n ilet fom Placentia. foint pf Nova Scotia, i-» N America, Said, a town of Upper Ey<»pN. rear which is a fine cod- fithery. Lon. f-.atcd on the Nile, 150 miles S of 653) \V, lat. 43 23 N. Ciiro. Lon. 31 20 E, [at. 17 32 N. >AEi.F.s d'Olonne, Lts, a Am- Saintf.s, tliree of the Leeunrd prtot F.ancf, in the department of Caribbcc iflandj in the Wi'ft Indies, Vc;;dce, 2 I miles W of Lu^of . bJtwccn Guaclaloupe and Dj.'.iiiiica. Sablkstan, a pr^-^vince of Pcrfi'a, Lon. 6r 52 W, lat. 1557N. h upilcd on the N l''y Candahar, on S -ini-es, an ancient ;,nd large, th: E by H:ndo')ftar., on the Li by but not populous town of Fiance, in Makran, anJ on the W by'Segeftan. the department of Low?r Chaicnte, Saccai, a ftrong fe.iporr, one of with a bi (hop's fee. Tht:rt? arc fcveral ih: mcft tumous in Japan, with feve- monumen'.s of anticjirty, ofwhi'ththe nlc;i>l!i,s, temples, and palaces. It m^ft fimjus are the amphitheatre, the iis feat'.'d on the fea, 300 miles SW of aqucdufts, and the trium^-hal arch on |];t!'o. Lon. 134 5 If, I at. 55 f'N. the bridge over the 'Chau:nt:>. f The and populoM ■lix, \\l"^'>= ''■' Lde. h'Jn- 44 Saf I A, a trading t.>vvn of Morocco, caille, built or< a rock, is deemed im- »'ith a cadlc. The I'ortuguefe were pregnable. Saintes is feated on aa B'ji>5in poiTtfiionof ir, bnt foifookit, eminence, 37 mll'.s SE of Rochc'.le, |i i6ij:~ Lon. S 53 W, iut. 32 28 and 262 SbW of I'aris, Lon. o 38 . . W, lat. 45 54 N, X 5 'SAL Saintoncz, a late province of France, hounded on the E by Angou- mois and Perigord, on the N by Poitou and Aun s, on the W by the Atlantic, and en the S by Guicnne and the Giionde. It now fDrms, with ih- late province of Aunis, the depart- ment of Lower Charente. Sal, one of the Cape de Verd If- iands. It lies to the £ of St. Nicolas, and is 42 miles in circumferenceii It has its name from the g cat quantity of fait made he > from the feawater, which overflows part of it, from time to time. It is 300 miles W of the coaft of Afri- ca Lon. 2» 56 W, lar. 16 38 N. SAL Salzmche, a town of Savoy, in Upper Faucigny, feated on the Arvc, near a fmail Like, ix miles S of' Clufe. Salerno, a feaport of Napb, capital of Principato Citeiiore, with an archbilhop's fee, a caftle, and a univcr. fity. It is feated at the bottom ot i hoy of the fame name, 27 miles SE of Naples. Lon. 14 53 £, iat. 40 35 N. Sale as, a town ot France, inth« department of the Cantal, nine nii'tt N of Auriilac. , Salies, a town of France, intht department of the Lower Pyrt-nefsanJ Saxa, or Salbekg, ^ town of late province of Beam, reinaikal.ej'ji Swe^ni in Weftmania, near which is a very targe ancient filver mine. It is feated on a river* 50 miles NW of StuckholiTi. Salamanca, an ancient, large, and papulous city of S()ain, in Leon, vith a bifliop's fee, and a famous uni. verfity, confifting of 24 colleges. It IS accounted one of the bcft cities in fhe kingdom, and is feared partly on a ))lain« and partly on a hill, on the river land of Lipari. its fptingsof fait water, with which tl-t white iait is made. It is feven miles W of Orthrz. Salignas a town of Spain, io B fcay, fe;ited«n the Deva» at the fast I of a mountain, eight miles Nof Vido, ria, and aS S£ of Biiboa. Lon.4 54 W, Iat. 43,5 N. Salinm, one of the Lipari Illanjs,| in the Mediterranean, NWofthcitf Tormcs, over which is a bridge, built hy the R,omari$, 300 paces lone. It is 37 miles SB of Mi'-.,J„ and 88 N A^ of Madrid. Um. 5 16 W, lat.4T 8 N. Sala^'sanca, an inconiiJerable town of New Spain, in the audience of Mexico and province of Yucatan, 14c mites S of C^mpeachy. Lon. 89 58 W, Iat. 17 5,5 N. Salanakem, atown of Sclavunia, remarkable for a battle ga'ned by the p'ince of Eaieri, over the Turks, in 169 1. It is feated or. the Danube, 20 niilesNW of Belgrade. SalbeKu. See Saia. Salcey, a foreft in the $ Northamptonfliire Salens, a conftdcrable town all France, in the department of JunJ with a ftrong fort. It is remarkabl(| for its fait wurks, the largeftof whicn is in the middle of the town, andisliliH^ a little fortified place. Itisfeat^oH a flream that has its fource in thetownJ 20 milef S of Befanjon, and ^00 Sij of Parlo. Salisbury, or New Sarbm an ancient city of Wiltftire, of whiclj it is^the capicalf with two markets, oJ Tuefday and Saturday, and a kiiliopi fee. It is almoft furroundeil by tw Avon and its contributory livers, «nj part of is rerdered paitic -ilarly clean byaM ftream flowing through every ftietj Salem, a feaport of N America, It has a fine cathtHral, crowned byj in the ftate of Ma.Tachufcts, and capi- fpire, the loftieft in the kingdom. tal of the counl/ of EfTex. It carries fends two members to parliament, < on a large foreign trade, and is 1 5 miles pofTefTes a ma' ufa£lory of flannels ai NEofBoflon. Lon. 71 30 W, iat. linfeys, and another of hardware i 42 16 N. Sal-em, a town of N Carolina, in the county of Surry. It is the princi- pal fettlemenvof th' Moravians in this TV cutlery. It is 21 miles NE of Soui| ampton, and 83 W by S of Lou Lon. 1 42 W, Iat, 51 3 N. Salisbuby Cbaig, ahilloaj & fide of Edlflburgh, rcnurlubl( / fo SAL. SAL France, intht ;r F^'reneesuni reir.a\kalietii with which th it is feven m'lb | m of Spain, in Deva^atthefet niles N of Viflo. iboa. Lon«4 i4 1 precipice cffolid rock, one mile longt and, in fome parts, lOO feet high. SAtiSBURY Plain, in Wiitfljirr, extends 25 milet £ to Winchefter, and 28 W to Weymouth, and, in fome places, is from 3 5 1040 miles in breadth. There ate To many crofs roads in it, and fo few houfes to take diredlions from, that Thomas eail of Pembroke, planted a tree at the end of each mile Ifone hence to Shiftlbuty, for the tra- wllcr's guide. This plain is noted for feeding numerous flocks of fheep, fome of»hich contain from 3000 to 5OCO each. Befide the famous Stonehenge, here are traces of many Romifli and Biitifli aiHiquities. Sailxx, a feiport of Africa, in the kingdom 0/ Fez, with feveral forts. It iS' divided into the Oldi and New Iswns, by the Guero, and has long been famous for itS' pirates, which make prizes of i\\ Chrl(li3 8 £, lat. 40 41 N. Salop. Sec SHRorsitrRE. Salses,- a (Irong caftle of France, - in the department of the Eaftern Py- renees, feated on a lake of the fame name, 10 n^les N of Perp'gnan. Salsette, an ifland of the Dec- • ca 1 of Hindor)llan, lying off the coaft ' of Concan, a little to the N of Bom- bay. It has fubterraneous temples cut ' out of the live rock, in the manner of thofe of Elcphanta. In 1 773, the £n- • glllh conquered it from the M'ahrattas. • It is 15 miles fquarcj produces rice, fruits, and Aigar- canes; and has prov- ed a valuable acquifttion fot* the fupply of BA.nbay, from which it is fsparated • only by a channel half a mile' over,' : and fordable at low water. Salsonna, a town of Spain, in ' Catalonia, feated on the Lobregat, 44 ; mites NVV of Barcelona. ' SaLtAsh, a borough of Cornwall, > with a market on Salu^ay. It is feat- ed on the dcfccflt of a fteep hill, fix miles N W" of Plymouth, and aio W ' by S of London. Salt Hitr., a village of Berks, remarkable fur its elegant inns. It ii < on the road to Bath, aa miles W'of ' London. Saltza, a townof Germanyi in ' the duchy of Magdeburg. It takes • its name from the fait- pits, and ts i»i mites from Magdeburg. - SaltzbuRg,' a large and popjious city of Germany, in the tirtU of Bi- X 6 ^AL $ AM varla, capital of a tcnitcry cftlie fame name, belonging to the archbifhop uf Salizburg. It is' defended by a caftle, feated on a mountain} and has a uni- verfity, apd two noble archiepircopal pulaces ; one f >r fummei , and th? cti)er for v/uiter. Near Siltzbur^:, avc ibme very produd^Ive falr-woiks. It is feat- C'J oil both fides the river Saltz, 45 milesSby WofPaflaw, and '155 W by S of Vienna. Lon. It 5 E, Jat. 47 Saltzburg, an archbiftiopric of Germany, bounded on the N by Bava- ri,i, on the E by Auftria, on the S by Carlnthla and tl.ie Tirol, and on the W by the Tirol and Bavaria. It IS a mountainous country, b>it pretty fertile, and contains mines of copper, liiver, and iron. It is 70 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. Salvador, a town of Congo, Wjth I palace, where the king and 3 Poriuguefe bllhop refide. Ic is feated on a craggy mountain. Lon. 15 39 E, lat. 50 s! Salvador, St. alargeandpopu* lous fenport of BrafiJ, with an archbi-. iliop's fee, and fcvcral forts. Ic is the refidence of the viceroy, is feated on an eminence, on the bay of All- Saints, Lin. 40 lo W, lat. 13 30 S. Salvages, fmali uninhabited if laids, .lying between the Can.iry IC- lands and Madrira, 27 leagues N of Point Nago In Tenerlll". Lon. 1 5 54 -W, lar. 30 o N. Salvatkrha, a town of Portu-, f;^]y in EHramadura, with a roya^ palace, feated on the Tajo. Lon. 7 '51 W, lat. 38 59 N. Salvatrrra, a ftrnrg town of ^Portugal, in Beira, featrd 011 the river Elia, 12 milfrs NE of Alcantara. Salvatierra, a town of Spain, in Galacia, feated on the Minho, 56 miles S of Compoftella. Salvatierra, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, feated at the foot of Mount iSt. Adrian, 30 miles E of Viftoria. Salvzzo, a town of Piedmont, capital of a marquifate of the fame name, with a bilhop's fee and a caftle. It is fctaed at the foot of the Alps, near the Po, ,2x miles S by W of Turin. SamaranD) a populous town, on the E coaft of the ifland of Java, Samarcan'D, an ancient cify of Afia, in Uie country of the Ufbeck Tartais.v It was the feat of Tamer- line, and is 13 n iles NE of Bokhara. Lon. 65 o E, lat. 39 50 N. Samar, Philippina, or Tan- TAGO, one of the Philippine Idatwls, S£ of that of Luconia, from which it is feparated by a ftrait. It is 320'milfs in circumference, and is full of crag, gy mountains, among which are fer- tile vailies. Samathan, a town of France, in the d^partn'ent of Eure, with a (Iroiig caftle on a mountain. It is feared an the Save, five milts N tf Lonibcz. Samballas, uninhibited iflands of Amer' ca, on the N coaft of the ifthmus of Darien. SAMnnK, a river of the Nether, lands, wh ch rifesin Plcardy, andpaf- fing by Landiecy, Maubeugp, llmnj and Charleroy, falls into the Maefejit Namur. Samogitia, a province of Poland, boundf d on the N by CourKind, on the E by L'thuan a, on the VV by the \hU tic, and on the S by Weftern Piuffla. It is 175 miles in length, and 125 in breach, and is full of forcfls and liiglt ;iountains, which feed a great nunibrr of cattle, ar?d produce abundance of honey. Rofisnne is the principal town. Samos, a iertile ifland of the Archipelago, on the couft of Nati)ii.i, It ij 32 miles l■^ length, and ai in breadth. The fi k here is very fine,, and the honey and wax admivsbif, i Here a!fo are iron mines) and all tlie mo.int.iins are of white marble. The inhabitants, about j2,oco, are aWl all Greeks. Lon. 27 13 E, bt. 3/; 46 N. Samothracia, now called Sa- MANDRACHi, a fir,a;l ifland of the Archipelago, betv^cen Stalimeiii and the coaft of Romania, 17 miles in cir- cumfercnce. Lan. a^ 17 E; '**'♦ 40 34 N, Samoy] nation of 1 ftrangtiy dif found in fcm the mountain others are f Chinefe fron among the de the frozen ( as far to the ' have no longe caufe the cl; country rende pofliMe j but manners of a p the ufe of moi which theyvva Their nerves fudden and nn ^'jently tiirow -i Sajmso, or land of Denmai l^r.d. it is eig broad. • Lon. i Sanaa, a I.1 capital cf Arabi; | bn \vhich it is feated, being fo ci^ed up with fand, f.Tisll hil! in this ifland. " ...aJito admit only^'ifhaiSl vclTels. It is Sancgins, a town of France, in*'t^«Tiiles E of Cadmbuty, and 67 E the department of Cher, feated on th^ -'^.S.o-f London. " Lon. ] Z5 E, lat. Argent, 15 mile? SW of Nevcrs. ' /^l.j.-^ti. "Sandwich Bay, a bay of the 13 22 1 10 N of niiies N W of Ncvers, and Pars. SaN'CIak, a fmall ifland of China, 'on the coaft of Q^an-tong, famous for • lieingthe bury;ng-pl3ce of Sr. Francis- Xavier, whofe tomb is to be feen on a ..'d,V Georgia illand ofS Ocean. S. Sanhwi^h, Cape, a , in the Southern Lon. 36 iz W, lat. 54 ^x Sanda, anilland of Scotland, one ef the Orknies, NE of Mainland. Sandecz, a ftrong town of L'ttle Pisland, in the palatinate of Cracow. There are mines of gold and copper in its territory, and it is feated at the ifldnd of Malicotlo, in fjot of Mount Krapack, yz, miles S£ Ocean. ofCracow. 28 S. Sandersted, a village in Surry, Sandwich Harbour, a pott in tlictis S of Croydon. It is fo elevated the illaad of Ma11coI!o> in the PaciE« cflpe in the the Pacific E, lat. li I i'l SAN Ocean. Lon. 167 53 £» UL 16 25 S. Sandwich Island, a fine large ifland in the Pz.'ific Ocean, discover- ed by capt. Carteret in 1767' It ii frparated from New Ireland by St. Ceorge's Strait, and frpm New Han- over by Byrun^s Strait.^ Lon. 149 17 £, lat. 1 53 S. Sandwich Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 168 33 £, lat. 17 41 S. Sand^^'ich Islands, a group of iflands in the N Pacific Ocean, dif- covered by captain Cook in his laft voyage, and named by him in honour of the late earl of SatiuT.vch. . They conHfir of. eleven iflands, extending in latitude from 18 54 to 2 1 15 N, and %a longitude from 150 54 to 160 24 W. They are called by the natives, Owhybee, Mowee, Ranai, Morotoi, . Tahoorowa, Woahoo, Atooi, Neebee* b(ow, Oneehoua, Morotinne, and Takoora, all inhabited, except the laft- tv/o. The climate diners little from that of the Weft. Indies in the fame latitude i ,but there are no traces ofs thofe violent windt,. which render the fiturmy .months- in the Weft Indies fo dreadful. There is alfo more rain at the Sandwich .Ifles. Tbe. vegetable producl'ions are nearly the fame as thofe of the other Iflandsin this ocean ; bMt the taro root is here of a fuperior quality. The quadrupeds are confined to hogs, dogs, and rats. The fowls are of the common fort } tbe birds- b^aut^ful.. and numemus, though not various. Goats, pigs, and Edropran feeds, .were left by captain Coi>k } but the polTefiioii of the goats (bon gave rife to a conteft between twa diftridts; in which the breed was dcftroyrdv. The inhabitants are undoubtedly of the fame race that poiTefles the iflahdd^ S.of-theequiator J and in their per fons, Iaagu3ge> and mannersi apprp«ch naaterto the N(iW Zsalanders, than to-their lefs diftant neighbours, either of. the Society or Friendly Iflands. They are, in general, above the.mid- die fize, and well made-; they walk grauefuily, run nimbly, anJ are capa blfi of beating great fatiijue. Many^of SAN both fetes have fine open cauntenan- cts ; and the «romen, in particular, have good eyes and teeth, with an en. gaging fweetnefs and fcnfibiiicy of look. The men fuflTcr their beards to grow, and wear their hair after varioui fafliions. The drefs of both men and « men nearly refemlies thofe of New Zealand, and both fexcs wear neck- laces of fmall variegated fliells. Tat- towing the body is pra£iifed by every colony of this nation. The hands n.i arms gf th,; women are alfo very neat- Jy marked, anv^they have thefingolar cuftom of tattowing the tip of the tongue. Like the New Zealandeis, they live together in villages, contain- ing^ from J 00 to 2co houfei, built dofely together, without any order, and having a wlndiiig path between them. Suo-ie of their houfes are large andcommoaious, from 40 to 50 feet long, and from 20 to 30 broad :'othtr» are mere hovels. The food of the lower clafs confifts principally of fifli and vegetables, to which the people of higher rank add the fielh of dogs and hogs. The making, of canoes, mats, , &c. formithe occupation of the men; , the women are- employed in manu-. fad:oring cloth} and the fervants are principally engaged in the plantations- and filhing. They have varioui amufeineots, fuch as dancing, boxing, , wjfeftllng, &c. Tlreir agriculture and navigation bear, a great refemblance to thofe of the fouthern iflalids. Their plaYitations confift of the taio, oreddy.' root, .jind fw et potatoes, with pl^ts of the xlothi tree fet in rows* S(Sme of . j their double canoes meafure 70 feet in length, three and* a half in deplh,' and 12, in breadth. They make fait in great abundance, and of a gor4' quality. Their inftruments of war are fpcars,.. daggers, clubs, and flings;, and for de£en five armour they ww ftreng mats,, which are not eafily pe- netrated, by fuch weapens as theirs, , 'As the ifhhds are not united under one fovereign, wars are frequent among them. The fame fyftem of fubordi- nation prevails here as at the other if-; lahd9, the fams abfolute authority on the pact of the chte/s| and tuueliilii)(. SAN S AN intenan* irtlcular^ h an en- bility of beards to ;r varioui . men and 't of New rar neck- h. Tat. 1 by every hantls v)i very iieat- [hefingalit tip of the ^calandeiSi s, contain* 3ufe(} built any order, ,th between fci are large D to 50 feet oad : others food of the illy of fiftj and e people of ) of dogs and anoes, mats,. of the men}. ;d in mana-, fervantt ate fubm'iffion in the people. The go. miles W of Guyaqujl. Lou. 82 36 vernmcnt is monarchical and heredi- W, lat. » 18 S. t»ry. Human facrifices are here fre- Santa Ckitz, a fea^xjrtoo the E '^ucntj not only at the commencement fide of Tensriff, on a bay of the fame of a war, but on the death of every name, defeuded by a ftrong fort. Loik confiderable chief. Notwilhftandlng 16 16 W, lat. a8 27 N. the death of captain Cook, who was Santa Civz, a feaport on the here murdered through /udden refent- coaft of Morocco, w'th a fort. The ment and violence, they are acknow-. Moors took it from the Portuguefe in ledgcd to be of the moft mild and af- 1536. Lon. 10 7 W, lar. 30 38 N. fcdionate difpoiition. They live in Santa Cruz, an ifland in the the utmoft harmony with each other ; Pacific O.ean, one of the moft con- ai>d in hofpitality to fttangers they art fiderable of thofe of Solomon, being: oiit exceeded even by the inhabitants 150 miles in circumference. Lon^ of the Friendly Iflands. Their natu- ijo o W/ iat. 10 a i S. fal capacity feems, in 110 refpeA, be- 'janta Cruz, a feaport on the NT low the common ftandard of mankind ; fiueofCuhi, 60 miles E of Havan* and their infiprovements in agriculture, nah. Lon. 81 16 W, lat. 13 i o N. and the perft Aion of their manufac- Santa Cruz. dz-la-Sixrxa, a tares, are certainly adequate to the town of P.:iu, the capital of a govern- (ircumftance of their fituation, and the ment of that name in the auJience ofi patural advantages which they enjoy. Los-'Charcos, with a biOiop's fee It Sandwich Land, a barren and is feated at the foot of a mountain, on defolate country in the Southern Ocean, the river Guapy, 300 miles £ of Plata... near the ifland of S Georgia. The Lon. 59 55 W, lat. 19 46 S. mountains are of a vaft height) and it Santa-Fc, the cipital of New h doubtful whether the different pro- Mcxico,f.:atedncai the Rio-del -Norte^ jefting points form one connected land, 950 miles N of Mexico. LDn. 106 or feveral diftinA ifiands. Southern 3$ W, lat. 3;.3» N. Thttle,the moft foutbern extremity of Santa-Fk'-de Bogota, the ca« it that was feen, lies in 27 4 5*^ W Inn. pitai of the new kingdom of Granada, and 59 34° S lat. This is the highcft in S America, with an archbiAopV- (tnthem latitude ever yet explored, on fee and a univerfity. It is- the feat^ which account this partteceived its ap- of a new viceroyalty eftablifted in the peliation. prefent century, the jurifdiftion of Sangussa, a town of Spain, in which includes the whole of Terr» Navarre, feated on the river Anagon, Firma, and the audience of Q^iiio inn 20 miles S£ of Pampcluna. Peru. It is feated on the river Mada« . Sanpoo. See Burrampootxx. Ien.i, 3C0 miles S of Carthu^ena.. San-Matheo, a town of Vaen- Lon. 73 5 W, lat. 3 s8 N. cia, in Spain, 58 miles N of Valencia. Samtaren, a town of Portugal,* SanorE'Bancaboux, a town of in Eftramidura, feated on aimountair>^^ Hindooftan, in the kingdom of My- near the Tajo, 55,miles NEof Liibon« fore, 117 miles E by tJ of Goa. Santb-n. See Xant-s-n. L'n. 75^4£, lat. 15 39 N. Santil,j.ana> a feapo'tof Spaioy... San<^uhar, a borough of Scot- in Afturia de Saniillana, of which itis. land, in the diftri.^ of Ni^hfdale aad the capital. Itis 5cmiles£pfOviedoy county of Dumfries. It has a ruined and 200 NW of Madrid. Lon. 4 3% taftle; is remarkable for its coal trade W, lat. 43 34 N. and a manufactory of worfted mittens Satj^toriki, an.ilkind of th&' and ftoclcings; and is feated on the Archipelago, to the N of Candia; . lb is eight mJes in length, and near as of much inbreadt!>; cUkI nearitarethre» 9a. or fuur. other faMU..iIlands,.each of o * — " — Nith, 14 miles N of DunifTies. Santa Clara, an ifiand Peru^ in the. b ly . of. Guyaqyi'^ S^AR'^ «»hlch beati evident marki of a vo}ca« nic origin. It pi-oduccs plenty of bar- ley, cotton, arid winr, in which, and thcT co:ton manufn£hirr4, their traJe confifts. The inhabitants arc ail. Ciecks, about 10,000 in number. Pyrgr-s is the capital. Lon. ^6 i E, lar. 36 icN. < Saokc and Loirz, a department rf Fiance, including part «f the late prevince of Biirgnndy. Macon is the capital. SAO^E,• Uppir, a department of France, including part of the laic province of the iflft of France. It 'n named from a rivrr, \\hiiih rifes in Mont'Vofgts. and falls1> to the Rhone at Lyons. 'I he capita! is ViYoul. . SAP(XNzA,.a fmaHif1.ind and cape, near the S coaft of the Morea, The pirates of Barbnry conceal themfclvcs- behind it, to furprife vcflllswhich come fiOnti the gulfof Venii-e, or thecoaftof Sxily. Lon. 21 35 £,'lat. 36 50 N. Saracens,' a people celebiated fonf.e centuries ago, vvhd came from the defe;ts of AralMaj Sarra in their language Hgnifying a dcfert. They were the firft difcip!cs of Mahomet, and, within 40 years after his df ath; con- quered a gieatpartof Afinj Africa, and turope. They kept poneffion of Spain t li 151TJ when they we.e expelled. They maintained 4 war in the Holy Laid, along time, againft the weftern Chriftians, and at length drove them out of it ; but now there are n^i people known ty that name, fir the dt-fcen- dJDts oFrh(;fe who conquevfd Spain arc ciUei Moors. Saragossa, a city of Spain, in Arragnn, wlrh an archtiflicp's f?e> a univcr ity, and a court of inquifition. li is adorned with many m»gnificent lu'ldings, ard there are 17 large churches, and 14 handfome monafle- rifs, not to mention others lefs confi- dcrable. The Ebro .runs through the place, dividing it in two j and on its lianks is a handfome quay, which ftrves for a public walk. SaragofTa is feated in a large plain, where the Ebro receives two other rivers j and over it are two bridges, one of ftone and the otiier of wood, which h& has been SAR thotight the moft beautiful in Europe. A vidlory wat obtained here over the French and Spaniards in 1710, but it was abandoned by the allies foon alter. Jt is jr^7 miles W of Barcelona, and i5oNEof Madrid. Lon. o 28 W, Jat. 41 53 N. Saratof, agovernniCiiiof Ruflia, formerly a province of Attracan. Saratof, atowHof Rufna, cjpi. tA of the goveinment of the farr.e name, fcated on tl^e fide of a mountain, near the Vo'ga, 220 miles S of Ka- l:*.ii,- and 300 NW of Aftracan, Lon. 49 25 E, lar. 51 4 N. Sara-to<;a, a fort of N Amcrici, in the Itate of New York, rr.etnoiabie ti;r the lurrendcr of an army ot Bntili and Hefiians to the America:-s, in 1777* Icis fcated on the E fide of Hudfijn's river, 50 miles N of Albany, SARe«ucK,a town in the eledorate of Treves, feated on the Sare> eight miles > pf Treves. . Sarbourg, an ancient tcwn of France, in the department of Meurthc, feated on the Sare, at the foot of a mountain, 15 miles E of Marfal, arid . 50 SE of Met£. Sardam, per llu:ig-iiy, in a county of the lama njine, icated on the Tarizi, at the foot of TvlouRt Rrnpachy five ituks- from Ejperies. Sarreai, a town of Spain, fffr Catalcaia, feated on the Francoli, itr the nei^hbou'luod of which are qu.'.r- ries of uhbader, fo tranfparcnt that wir.-dowt are glazed with it. Lon. x- o £, lat. 41 30 N. Sar SANA, a town of Italy, in Ro- magna, with a biihop's fee, 20 milea- SW of Rimini, and 138 NW 0/ Rome. Sa«te, a department of France ». Including th« l»t» fM'ov'mce of MaTne. It takes its name from a rivet whiclk joins the Maine and the Loir, abov* Aiigcrs. The capital is Man«. Sakum,Nbw. SeeSALtssuiY* , Sarum, Oto, a borough of Wilts,, now reduced to a (ingle farmhoufe* It once covered the fummit of a fteep hill, and was ftrongly fortified ; but nothing is to be feen but the traces of the walls. !c is a little to the N of Saliihjry. , Sarverden, a town of France, in the depavtmtnt of MofcUe, feated' on the Sare, 10 miles from Sarbourg. . Sarwah, a town of Upper Hun«. gary, capital of a county of the famcv name, and feutcd on the Raab. Lan»^ 16 48 E, lat. 47 30 N. Sarzana, a ffrong town of Italy, . in the territory of Genoa, with a , biihop's fee. Ic was given to the Ge- noefe, by the gcat duke of Tufcany, in lieu of Leghorn. Ic is feated at the mouth of the Magra, 50 miles SE of Genoa. Lon, 9 52 E, lat. 44 ^ N. Sasekam, a town of vBengal, at the foot of a mountain, near a p;reat . lake, in wliich is an ifland, with the magnificent maufoleum of the emperor Shere Shah, which had a fine brii^ge leading; to ir. Ic is 40 miles from Be- nares. Lo-i. S5 44 E, lac 26 10 N.,., Sas?a8Ij a (.ity cf ijuidinia, Cdioj-, S A V tal of the territory of Liigari. It has a catUr and an archbifhop'b (ee > and con- tains 30,000 inhjbitams It is fjmous for a fountAin called Rofftl, which is fjid to be more magnificent than the beit at Rome. It ii fix miles N of Algher. L'tn. I 39 B, Jat. 40^:6 N. Sasscbxs, a ftong (own of Tran- fylvania, capitil of a county rf the l.une name ; feated at the confluence of two rivers, which fill into the Ma- roch. Lon. z6 40 E, lat. 46 26 N. Sas-van Ghent, a Ihong town of Dutch F.anders. Ithasfine flurces, and is fcaCed on a canal, which om- municatis with Ghent, eight miles N from it. It was built by the inhabi* tants of Ghent, as a bull^aik to that town, but was talcen, in 1644, by the Dutch, from -whom the French •'Ook it in 1794. SaSIUOLO, t town of Italyi in kh* 'Modenefe, with a ftrong caft;e, feated on |he Seccia, 10 miles SW of Mo- SaTalia, tftrongfejportofNa- tolia. It is feated on the coaft of Ca- ramania, and divided into three town** It it 150 miies W by S of Cogni, and 265 S by E of Oonftantinople. Lon« 3a 2 1 E, iat. 37 I N. Satgorg, an inconfidcrable vil- lage of Bengal. In the i6tb century it was a large city, in which the Euro- pean traders in Bengal had their fa^o- ries. It is feated un a creek of th.° Hoogly River, four miles NW of Hongly. Savannah, atowHof N America, In the ftate of Georgia, of which it was formcily the cnpi^ial. It is regu- Jarly built in the form of a parali^lo- gram, and is feated on a river of the fame name, 17 mile? from its mouth, and 1 17 SE of Augufta. Lon. 80 20 W, iit. 32 oN. Savannah, a river of N Ameri- ca, which forms a part ofthedivirtona! line that feparatfs the ftate of Geor- gia from that of S Carolina. It is na- vigable for boats of ico feet keel from Augufta to Savannah, and thence fjr large vefllls to its entrance into the At- lantia, at Tybee Bir. Jj.wjc, ^ river of Germany, which S AU hasltsfiurceinCarniola, runs through that country from W to E, feparatcj Sclavonia from Croatia, Bofnia, iimj Seiia, and falls int6 the Danube it Belgrade. SAVzyDROoci a fortrefs of the kingdom of Myfore, in Hindooftan, It is lituate on the top of a rock, ri< Rng half a m-lc in perpendicular height, from a bafe of eight miles in circumference } and divided at th( fumm't by a chafm, whxh forms it into two hills; which having each its peculiar defences, fervc as two citadels, capable of being maintainrd, independently of the lower works, which are alfo wonderfully ftrong, NotwithiVanding this, it was taken by the Englifti, in 179 1. It is iS miles W of Bangalore. Saverdun, a town of France, io tiM dtfortaaict of Ames,e, feated 00 the Arriege, 25 miles fr)m TonloBrc Savirnx, a town of France, ia j tbe di*partment of Lower Rhine, witk a palace, the occafional reGdeocc of the late archbiiliops of Straibarg. It is feated at the foot of Mont ViMfps, 18 miles NW of Straiburg, and iso | E of Paris. Savicliano, a ftrongtownofj Piedmont, capital of a territory of the fame name, with a rich Benedidine 1 abbey. It is feated on the Main, five miles W of FofTano, and 26 S of | Turin. Lon. 744 £, lat. 4430 N. Saulgxn, a town of Suabia, capi. ta) of a county of the fame name, whitb belongs to the baron of Waiburg. Savlieu, a town of France, ia the department of Cote dOr, feated on an eminence, 25 miles VV of Dijon, and 141 S2. of Paris. Savmvr, a confiderable town ff France, in the department of Maine and Loire, with an ancient cadle, Here is a famous bridge over the Loire, confining of 12 elliptic aiches, each 60 feet in diameter. It is »| miles SE of Angers, and 160 SWofI Paris. I Saunpers, Cape, a cape ofl Sandwich Land,intheSouthernOcean.| Lon. 3$ 57 W, lat. 54 6 S. I Savndyks Isle, an ifland nearl aont and Vallais, tics of the Germ: ,.>1)'«•.tlllv,4^.^v^ SAX SC A S Georgia, in the Southern Ocean. ton. a6 58 W, Ut. 5H o S. Savona» a ilrung town of Italy> ia the trrriiory of Genoa, with two lades, and a biflaop's fee. The Ge. loefe, feartiig that it wjuld hurt their trade, ruined the harbour. It was tiken by the king ofSaidinia, in 1746, k t relturcd to 1748. it is feated > the Mediterranean, zo miles SW of Ctnoa. Lon. 8 zo E, iat. 44 18 11. SAyoNix«s, a town oi France, in the deparinteDt of Indre and Loire, five milt-B from Tours. Near it> ate caverns, famous fur their petrifica- tiur.s. Savot, a duchy of Europe, be- tMcen Ytr.'Xii and Italy ; boundedon the Nbythe I^Jceof Geneva, which fepa^ latej it from Swilferiandt on the £ by tiie AI{)S, which divide it from Pied- oont and Vallais, on the W by the HbnCf which pwti U from Brefle, ind 00 the S by Dauphioyj and part if Piedmint. It ia Si miles io length, lad 67 in breadth. The air is cold on Kcoont of high awuntaina, which are ilnoft always covered with fnow ; but tJK foil is pretty fertile. The French invaded this country in 179a} and the Nadooal Conventioa decreed, that it Inttld bean S4th departmentof France, by the name of Mont Plane. Cham- ieny it the Ciipital. Savvbs, a town of France, in the jepartineiit of Card, feated on the Vidoure, 12 ir.iles SW of Alais. Savvxterre, a town of France, In the department of Lawer Pyrenees Vid late province of Beam, with an old ruined caftle, 17 miles from Pau. Savvetesre, a town of France, in the department of Aveiron, i a mile s SE of Villefranche. Saxenhackn, a town of Gernui- ny, in the county of Schawenburg, ao miles N W of Hanover. Saxmunpham, a town of Suffolk, with a market on Thurfday, feated on 1 hill, 29 miles N£ of Ipfwich and S9 nf London. Saxonv, Upper, one of the cir- cles ot the German empire. It is bounded on the E by Pruflia, Poland, mi .Silcfia, on the S by Bavaria, Bo- hemia, and Franconia, on the W hy the circle of the Upper Rhine, and thjl of L)wer Sikioiiy, and on the N by the Baltic and the circle of Lower Saxuny. Ic comprnhen^is the elef^o- r?te of Saxoiiyt or Saiony Proper, tn* principality of Anha.t, ihj laidgra* v.rte of Thtiringia, the marche of Brandenburg, and the duchy of Pomc- rania. Saxony, Lower, one of the cir* cles of the German empire, bounded on the N by the Baltic and the duchy of Slefwick, on the W by the G< r- man Ocean and the circle of Wcftpha- lia, and on the S and £ by the circle of the Upper Rhine and that of Up- per Saxony. It comprehends the ter- ritories of Magdeburg, Hildeiheimy Bremen, Halbcrftadt, Schwerin, Ratx- burg, Lubec, Slefwick, Brunfwick- Lunenburg, Lawenburg, Meclden* burg, Verden, Rcinftein, and Biau- burg, and the free cities of Hamburg^' Lubec, GoflaTy Mulhaufen, and Nor-- thai^fen. Saxony, Paorxii, die eleAoratt of Saxony, in the circle of Upper Saxony, divided into three principal parts} namely, the duchy of Saxony f of which Witemberg is the capital, Lufatia, of which Bautxen it the capi. tal, and Mifnia, the capital of which (and of the whole elcftorate) is Dref- den. It is bounded on the N by the marche of Brandenburg, on the E by L^wer Lufatia, on the S by Bohemia, and ou the W by the principality of Anhalt. It is 7 5 miles in length, and 62 in breadth, and is cut into twa unequal parts by the river Elbe. Say COCK, one of tiie.iflands of Afu, in Japan, divided from N:piion by a narrow channel. The Da'ch fadtors are permitted to refide in the. little ifland of Dilnia, on the W fd« of it. Lon. 1 32 28 E, Iat. 34 o N, Sayd. SeeSiDON. Say pan, on« of the Ladrone if- lands, lying between 140 and 1 50<» E. lon. and in 1 5 23, N Iat. ScACXN, or ScAGZRiP, a pro- montory of N Jutl md, in Denmark, at the entrance of the paflage into th* Baltic. Lon. 10 ^ E, U. 57 xS N.. S'CA ScALA, a decayed tovVn of I^i'aples, in Princip;Uo Citeriorc, wii!i a bh/l»;)p''S' fte, fix rrJIci N of Amalri. ScALANOvA, a liapoit of Njtolia, with aeaftle, eight milesfioniEphefus. Lon. 27 31 E, lat. 37 54 N. ScAUTz^ cr ScALA>-a town of Upper Ihingaiy, in tlie ccunty of Pi fon. There is a very advantagecus paflage by it, from Moravia to tiun- gary, and it is (eated oti the Matck, 50 milts N of Hrtiburg. ScANoEiiooN. See At£XAN- BKETTA. ,M^^ V ScANiA. StreScHONlN. > ScARO, or ScAR^eN, a town of Sweden, in W Gothland, feated on lake Wenner, 66 miles NE of Gotten- burg. ScARBonovcM, a large borough of the N riding of Yoikfljirc, with a xrarkei on ThurrJay. It Is fratcd oa « fteep rock, and is greatly fiequsnt- ed on account of its mineral waterS} cailedjthe Scarborough Spa, and alfo for • fea-batbing ; on which account it is OMich improved m the niunher< and btauty of its buHdings. The fpring was under the cliff, part of which fell down in 1737, and tiie water was loft j but in clearing away the ruins, in order to rebui d the wharf, it was recovered, to the great joy of the town. . Scarbo-' rough has a good harbour, poficires a confiderable trade, and is nu'ch en- gaged in the fiiherits. J t is 36 miles NE of York, and 237 N of London. hon. o 15 W, lat. 54 i8 N. i ScARDORouriH, a town and fort on the ifland of Tobago, taken from the French by ftorm, by the Erglifli, in 1793. ScARDOKA, a town of Turkifli I>almati.i, fcatcd on the Ch<*rca, with a biJhop'j fee. It has been often t-tkcn ani retaken by the Tuks and Vcne- tlaiis; and thefe laft ruined the forti- ficc'in Piombi.iO. Lo.i. JO 57 SCH ScARO, a town of ihe ifland of Sjri. | torini, v\ith a biihop's fee. Lou. j* 58. E, lat. 36 10 N. iicARPANT-0, an ifland pf the ArchipLlujjn, lyinjj SW of Rh:)(ies, aiid NE oi Candi,). It is 22 miles in length, a;;ii eight in brpadth. The Tuiks an: mafteis of it, but the inha. bita.us arc Greeks. Lon. 27 40 £ , ljt.35 45N. ScAR'PE, a river of France, which rifes in Artois, wafhes Arras, Doujy,. and St. Amand, and fails into the Scheld. Scarsdale, a fertile traft, in the NE of Derbyfliire, furrounded bybarreir- rocks and mountains. Schaffhausin, atownofSwif. fcriand, capititl of a canton of the fame name. It is feated on the Rhine, and owes its origin to the interruption of the navigation of that river by the cataradl at Laufl'en : huf» being at fiift coiiftrufted, for the conveniency of unJoaillng the merchandife from the boats, by degrees increafed to a largi town.. It wa» formerlyvan impttul^ town, and was admitted a member of the Helvetic confederacy in 1 501, ajjd its territory forms the twelfth canton in rank. The inhabitants are com- puted to be 6000. Here is a famon wooden bridge pver the Rhine, which being extremely rapid here, had de- ftroyed fever.1l ftone bridges of the ftrongert conftiu^ion, when Ultic Grubenman, a carpenter (who wai total. y ignorant of the theory of me- chanics) offcrred to throw a wooden bridge, of a fingle arch, over the river, , which is near 400 feet wide. The magiftrateif, however, requjrcil that it fliouid confift of two. arches, and that he fiwuld, for that purpofe, emplny the Hiitid e pier of the old bridge. He has done h ; but has contrived to leave it a matter of djubr, whether thebrldge is fupported by the middle pier. The fides and top of it are covered ; and it is a kind of hanging bridge ; the road, which is a'moft kvel, not bcin? car. ried, as ufii.n', over the lop <( tiie arch, but (if the exprtffn" nay be tiled) l-'t into \hc ii.'dJic cf it, '■'^^ ' lliiic lu!j^c:idcd. Sclufi'luul:;. -i -i -i.ni^i\t\^ SCH sen ipVc; N by E of Zurlc, and 39 E cf iTi'iriovcr, thit no large fli;p (h^nld go ISiiii. dircOly ta A:it.wei-p, b-it flvulJuu- ScirAFFHAUsES.rhe fm.i'left en- I. lie its c.i:ij'j in Hoiland. Njtwith- t(n otSwiirerland, b'jur.dcl on the N ftand^ng this, in 1785, the errpemr lid W hy Suabia ; on the E by the JolVpIi 11, ordered a ve/Tal, with the c2iito;i cfZuric and bfhopiic of Cor;- imperial flij^, to proceed down tha llirce i and on th-j S by rlic fy.nc, ar.d river fr.jm Ancwerp, and another, up tyXhurgT.v. iLJsbut (ive Icujurs in the river, to that city, irom Oiicnd, isngth and three in b.e.idih. The re- Both thefe refuling to be dttiintd by [ firtiation was intr duccd Iierein i5'9. the Dutch, were fired upon, and (truck The ^'fincipa! article if exportation is their colours im:Ticdi:»teiy. The err:- ,me, tl'.e country ab.-)uai1ing in vine- pcror, in punuance of a previous dc- i »,,^. The population of this car4toR cl.irati.in to that rQ'edt, con(iderrd this ijcllimated at 50.OCC fouls.' as a dcclararion of war, an«l pruce-dti ScHAiHOLT, a town^of Iceland, to take ineafurcsacconlingiy } but, by with a bifliop's fee, and a co!loge. the good offices of the court of Vcr- : Lofi. 22 lo VV, lat. 64 40 N. failles, he v/as prevailed upon to givs ScHAMACHYA, a towii of Vtrfu, up the pjint, on the Dutch fi:ndin^ a (jpital ofSciiirvar It has luge ma- deputation to Vienna, to make an njiiflories cf filksand cottons, and is apology for the infult to his flag, and feated on [he Wide of th3 Cafpiaii confenting to pay a large fum of nnoney Sea, 250 miios NE of Tauris. Lor. as ati indemnification fjr hisexpences, 37 5 E, lat. 40 50 N. In I79i» when the French took Ant- ScHANTz Sterney, a foitrcfs werp, they infilled upon opening the intheRu'.lia-i governmentof W.biKgh, navigation of this river, on the p!ea , ffiifd on the Neva, aiit-.ie to the E of that all rivers were free, ^lnd that the Piunburgh. Lon. 31 15 E, lar, 60 confeqnerit tight of navi.^ja'.ing it couli I oN. not be ceded b} any treaty whatever. SciiARniNG, a town of Germany, This, with their invafion" of Holland, in the circle rf B.ivatia, featcd on the drew that county and Great Britain Inn, leven nnlcs S of Paflaw. into the general coalition againft thctn, ScHARNiTZ, a fortified town of at the comm'*ncement of 1793. Germany, in the Tirol. It isftated Sciielestapt, a llron^ town of on the confines cf Bavaria, and is a France, in the department of Upper pafliigccf great importance. Rhine, feated oh the 111, 20 miles ScHAv.ENBURGH, A territory of SW i.f Strafburg. ' Wedphalla, 22 miles in length, and Schella. a town of Upper Hiin- loinbredih. It belongs to the land- gary, feated oi the Waag, 25 miles • {nve of Ilfie CafTel. NE of Picfburj;. ScHr LD, a rivcrof the Netherlands, Schemeneurg, a fortrjfs of which r.fes in France. Pafling Sy Germany, in the circle of Bivaria, Cambray, Bouchain, Valenciennes, remarkable for a vi^ory obtained htic Condc, Tournay, Oiidcnard, Ghent, by the allies, over the French dnd Dendermond, and Antwerp, it divides Bavarians, in 1704. It h 22 miles into two branches below Fort Lillo. W of Ingolftadt. Oncofthefe, called the EaflernSchcId, Schelmng, an ifland of the flows by Bergen-op-zcom : the other, United Provinces, in Frief uid, ■iy- ' tile WL-liern Scheld, proceeds to Flu (h- ing at the entrance of the Zuider-Zect i iig, and btjth forming feveral iflandr, Lon. 5 10 E, lat. 53 20 N. ^ enter the German Ocean. In JC47, Schemnitz, a town of Upper Philip IV of Spain, acknowledged the Hungary, one of the ii:ven mountain- inJepeiKlci.ce of the fcvon Uii'ted Pro- towns, with three caftlcs. Itisfaniouj vinces, and ceded to them the fove- for mines of fiivcr, and its hot baths, I tcignty of the Stheld j fliptilating, Near it is a hi^jh rock of fli'ning blue ■>->] 4.;rg. ScHENCK, a furtrcfs of Dutch Cu-idirljiid, fcated at the p.int where tht Rhine divides into tv.o branches, the Rhine and the Wahal. It is of great importance, as the centre of ccmmunication between Holland and . Germany, and Is 1 3 miles E of Nime- giien. ScHER, a town of Suabi.'<, feated •n tht Danube. It belongs to the bJ:on of Walbuig. ScHiRPiNG, a town of Bavarii, featid on the Inn, nearly S of P^idaw. FcHEVE, a town of Dcrm^rk, in N Jutland, fcated at the mouth of a river in the guif of Vitk F> nd. Schiedam, a town of the United Provinces, in HoJlani, fcateJ on a canal, which communicat: s with the Mai'fe. It is four miles E by S of Rotteidam. Lon. 54 N. 4 30 £, lat. 51 ScHitTA, a ftrong town of Up- per Hungary, in the county of Neitra, feated on the river Wasg. Sci INTZNACH, a townof SwifTcr- land, in the canton of Born j remaile- akle for its agreeable polition on the Aar, and its tepid mineral waters. Near it, on a lofty eminence, are the ruins of the caftle of Hapfbur.h. ScHiBAS, a city of Ftrl a, capital of Faifirtan. Itis three miles in length from E to W, but not fo much in breadth. The houfes aie built of bricks dried in the fun } the roofs are flat and terraced. There are 1 5 hand- fnme mofquei, tiled with (tents of a bluifli green coluur, and lined within with bl.uk poliihed marble. The wincS of Schiras arc net only the beft in Feifia, but, feme think, in the whole world. In 1778, the feat of gorernnient was transferred from If- pahan to this place. It is 225 miles S ef Ifpahan. Lon. 56 40 £, lat. 29 40 N. ScHLivsoNGiN, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of Fianconia and province of Hennebui g, feated on the Schleus. ScHMiBEitC| a tcwn of Slkfiaj io SCH the duchy of Ja^r, feated at the foot of a n,ountaii), near the fourcedtht Baub-r. Almofi all the inhabiur.ti are fmichs, whence the place talceiitj name. ScjioMBERG, a town in the »!«. torate of 'I'reves, fcated an a mountain, 15 m,lc3 from Limburg. SCHONECK, or SCHOINECK, t town in the cIcAorate of Treves, wiih a caitie, feared on the Nyms, ij miles N of Treves. ScHoNENi Scania, or Skoki,i fertile province of Sweden, bounded en the W by the Sound, which I'epiniti I it from Z'-aland, on the N by HjI. land and Smoland, and on the EaodS | by Bleckingen and the Baltic, lih^j Hiiies in length, and 40 in breadib. j Lur.den is the capital. Schongaw, a town of Uppf r Bj. varia, feated on the Lech, 30 mi^ul from Auglbu'g. ScKooNHOVEK, a ftrong towno/l thi: United Provinces, in Hpllan(i,| with a commodious haven. It is ((jt< ed on the Leek, 14 miles £ of Rut terdam. Lon. 4 54 £, lat. 51 jiN,! ScHORNDORK, a town of Cern««l ny, in the duchy of VVirtcmburg.wt^j a Hrong caftle and fait fprings. Itbl fc-atrd on the Rems, xi miles N£iif| Stutgaid. ScHouTEN, idands fo ca'lcd iii the Pacific Ocean, near the c^xill ofl Ntw Guinea. They weie dil'co»fttJl by Schouten, a Dutchman, in i6ii,| Lon. 135 25 E, lat. o 46 S. ScKowEN, an iftand of the Uniitjl Provinces, in Zealand, NE of ihel iflc of Walcheren. It is 15 milesiil length, »nd fix in breadth. Ziricti is the cap'tal. ScHUYKiLL, a river of Pennfjt| vania, which rifcs NW of the Kitrj tinny mountains, and is navig<»bic tjj milei from above Rcadng, to its eiv trance into the DcLiwarc, three tnib below Phi '.idclphia. ScHWALBACM, a village ofl many, in the circle of the l'pp< Rhine and county nf Nallliu. li I called the Matlock of that part of Gtt many, being frequented for itsmim waters, of a Amiiar nature to ihofe^ SCH SCI a mounuin, Spj, It is fcateii on tlic Aa, nine al! the inhab'tants ct' thcfe mountaift- ciiics N of Menti. ous p.irts by the geneial dt-nominarion Schwartz, a town of Ger- of Schweitzeis. Ttie whole counrry nianjy in the I'irol. It Is famous for is iugj,eil and mnuniainons j but tl>e itsniiiiCJ of dfferent metals; ami U foil haJ htcn itrpro^ed by ilie natives ' (fjttdontt Hi, 14 rnilcs NEof In- to an aft..ni(h',ng degree of fciti ity. IpiuCt The Rt)m4n catholic religion is here Schwartz BURG, a town and cxclufivc'y eftnbliiTjed. lililc ot Germany, in the landgravate Schweitz, a town of SwiiTerlancf; of Thuringia, capital of a county of capital of the canton of the fame name, th: lain? name, bciongng to a prince fcased near the Waldft^ttcr See, 10 ot\he htufe of S.;xony. It is f^ated miles SE of Lucern. Lun. i 30 E, on th; Schwartz, az miles SE of lat; 46 55 N. Erfuit. I»n. 1 1 30 E, lat. 5c 40 N. Schweitz, Lake CFt Sec SCHWARTZIMBURG, a tOWn of WAtDSTA;TTER SeE. Cfimany, in the ciicle of Franconia, Schwerin, a town of Germany, cjpiul of a principality of the fam? capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg name, with a calle, featid on the Schwerin, feat^d on a beautiful lake. L;ch, 15 mites NW of Nuiembui^. Ic is divided into four paits j namely. Lot. 10 44 E, lat. 49 43 N. Schwerin, the New 'rown, the ifliind ScHj^tirNiTz, a itrong city of of Schelf, and the Moor, which are Siklia, c;:piul of a province of the a I nearly encircled by the lake. The famemme, with a caftle. In 1716, ducal paiace and ga dens aie on an if- thtgre.4ieft p^rt cf this tity was burnt land in thf lake, and have a comnr.u- di'wn, but was rebuilt in an elegant n'cation with the toWn by a draw> mnncr. 1 he Auftria-ns took it, in briiigc. It is 35 miles SW of Guf» J757, from the Frullians, who re- trow. Lon. 11 .-3 E, lat. 53 48 N, took it the next year. It is fcated on S(;hwinbt-8g, a- town of Den- Jan eminence, on the Weiltrirz, la mark, on the E coaft of the ifland of miles SWotBrt. flaw. Lon. 16 54 E, Funcn. Lon. 10 50 E, lat. 5S 4 I^> ill. 50 46 N. SciAi I, an ifV>nd cf the Archipc- ScK'>EiNr'JRT, a ftrong and ini- lago, N of Negropont, and aimoft at i pttial town ot Ge; many, in Franconia, the entrance of the gnlf ^f Salonichl. latcdon the Main?, 25 miles W uf It is %z miles in Icngih, and eight in jB^mberg. Lon. 10 31 £, lat. 50 breadth. jjN. SciLtY, a clufter of iPands and ScNWFiTz, a canton of Swinir- rocks, which lie ainod 10 Jtagu«s W [land, biunded on the W by the Lake uf the Land^ End in Coinwal!, and 1 of the Frur Cantons, on the S by ihe are eafily dtfcerned from it. Ot thcfe nr.ton rf Uii, on the E by that of only five or fix arc inhab trd. The [Garus, and on the N by thofe of inhabitant;; principally fubfiO by filh- IZurlcand Zug. This canton, with ing, burning kelp, and ailing as pi- Jthi;t)t'Uri and Undtrwalden, threw lots. The chief of the ifl.nds is St. Us the yoke of Audria, in 1308. Mary'&, which has a good port. It iThey foinied a perpetual alliance in contains more inliabitants than all the mij, which was the grurd foundation rtii put together. In ihis, and in two |«f the Helvetic confederacy. The name or three other of tlie iflands^ are varlcu) jof Schweitzerland, Switzerland, or antiquities, particularly the ri-mains of iSwifl'erland, which originally Compre- a temple of the Druid., ard ancient fe. kended only thcfe three cantons, was pulchres; hut the greater^ ornament of |art(tward extended to all HJvetia. It this idand is the lighthtUte, which, Relived that appellation, either from with the gallery, is 51 feet high, ! canton of Schweitz, as being the Lon. 6 46 W, lat. 49 56 N. Mft diftinguifljed in the revolution of Scilly, a group of dafernus if- |)}o8, orbccaufe the Auftiians cabled lands ur lhualS| in the Pac.fic Ccean^ SCO CO ■d'fcGTCi^d hy captain V/ilIh In 1767. Lo.i. 155 30 W, lac. yi) 28 S. Scio, aiici'jitly c^licJ Chio"i a celebrated ifland of the ArcWpelago, near the conil of Natolia, to the S cf Mete.'in. I: is a mnuntainoui country, jnd yet [lealaiu eiiowgh, fiuils of va- ji. us kinds (fjch as orangfs, ci:rons, olives, mu berr'kcs, and ponnegranates) btlng intcrfpeiil'd in the fields with myriies and jclfdiineE. The wine cf 5cio, {0 celebrated by the- ancients, is ttill in g-eat i.ftetm ; but ijie i/lxnd b now principally diMinf,uirtifcd by the prDfitabJe cultuie of the Jentifcus or maftic tree. This ilUnd (cf which the TurJcs became maftets in 1566) ex- tends from 38 8 to 3S 37 N lat. Scio, a feapojt, tl-.e c^pitjl of an Jfland of the fame name, and the bell iuiit town of any in the Levant, with a biinop's fee, and an old citadel. It is 47 miles W of Smyrna, and aio JS.W of Conftantinople. SciRos, the ancient Syros, an If- Jand of the ArchipeLigo, "W of Mcte- lin. It is 20 miles in circimfcrencc, dind contains oniy the village and con- vent ot St. George, both built upon a conical rock. The fupeiijr of tl.is e many fmall rocks that fhow their he^^s near the bafe of the large ones. Thefe are probably the dogs that are defcribed as how;i;ig round the monfter Scylla. There are I'.ke- wife many caverns that ad^l greatly to the noifc of the water. The rock is near 200 feet high. There h a caitie on its luinmit; and the town tifScyila, or Seiglio, ftinds 0.1 its S fiue. Seatord, a b-irough ana feaport in Suflcx, ei,i,ht miles S by E of Lewes r '-. i^cj of London. .. ,ATON, or Port Seaton, a feaport of Haddingtonfliire. Here is a ruinous palace, in which Mary queen of Scots occafionally kept her court, after her return from France. Seaton has a confiderable trade in fait and coal, and is fituate on the frith of Forth, nine miles E of Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 54 W, lai. 56 o N Sebastian, St. a feaport of Spain, in Guip'ilcoa. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, ami the har- bour is fccuied by two moles, and a narrow entrance. At the top of the mountain is a (Irong cir.'dci, Their greateft trade conlills in iror., (Icel, and wool. St. S u.dlian was raktin by the French in i7(;4. It ia 50 m 11 ^ E of Bil'joa, and 50 NW of P.mipcluna. Lon. 1 5; W, lat. <}3 24 N. Skuastian, St. a l.iijje city of Dralil, capital of the province of R.) fj- neiro, and feated at thf mouth < f the river of that name, with a bilhop'-. fee. Its commodious iiarbowr is defcnd'il by numerous forts. Lon. 43 j 1 W, l»t. 22 54 S. . I-. SEG SEd Ssba:tian, Cape St. a cape at which are carried to Hamburg ai the NW extremity of Madagafcar^ Lubec. It is featcd on tlie Trav; Lon. 46 25 E, lat. 12 30 S. 28 miles N of Hamburg. ' .Skbenico, a ftrong feaportof Ve- Seoedin, a ftroi^ town of Lo^ retian Dalmatia, capital of a county Hungary, with a caft'e taken from ;hi of the fame name> with a bi (hop's fee, Turks in 1686. It is featedatth a fort and a caftle. It is feated near confluenceof theTeil^e andMaflroh the mouth of the Cherca, in the gulf 50 miles SE of Colocza. ' ' of Venice, 25 miles SE of Zara. Segestan, a province of Peril; Lon. 16 46 E, lat. 44 17 N. bounded on the N by Korafan aii Sebourg, atown ofFr.ince, in the Jlaick, on the E by Candahar am department of the North and late pro- Sableftan, on the S by Mackern vince of French Hainault, izmik'sE on the SW by Kerman, and on tl of Valenciennes. W by Covheftan and Farfiftan. Seeching, a town in No»^fo!k, Segeswar, a town of Tranfjiv vfith a well-frequented market on nia, capita! of a county of the fai Tucfday, and once a fortnight for the name. It is in the form of anamphi fale of fat bu bcks. It is feated on a theitre, on the fide of a hill, nearti fmall navigab'e river, four miles S of Kokel, 47 miles N of Hermanftadi Lynn, and 93 NE of London. Lon. 24 55 E, lat. 47 4 N. Seckaw, a town of Germany, Segna, a ftrong feaport, thee; in Upper Siiria, with a biihop's fee. pitil cf Hungarian Dalmatia, wii It is feated on the GlivIc, nine miles N a fort, and a biihop's fee. It of Jodenburg, anJ ijo SW of Vienna, feated on the gu'Sf of Venice, n SeckingeN; a town of Sinbia, miles NW of Sjjoletto. Lon. u oncof the fart-ft towns. It belongs to E, lat. 45 22 N. the houfc of A'lftiia, and is feated on Segni, an ^cient town of II an ifle, formed by the Rhine, fix in the Campagna of Roi.ie, with miles E of Rhcinfelden, and 27 W of bi/hop's fee. It ftands on a moMtaii SchafFhaufen. 12 miles SE of Paleftrlno, and 32 Seckington, a village in War- of Rome, wlcklhire, near Tamworth, famcas Segorbe, a town of Spain, for a battle, fought in 757, between Valencia, with a bifliop's fee. Ii Cuthred, king "(tF the Weft Saxons, feated on the fide of a hill, near and Eth?;bald, king of the Mercians. Morvedro, 27 miles NWof Valeni Oil the N fide of \ts church are the end 15c E of Madrid, rui.is of a fort, and near it an artificial Segovia, a papulous city of Sp hij|, 4H feet high. in Old Caftile, wi:h a biihop's Sedan, a ftrong town of France, and a caftle. Here the be!l chth in the department of the Ardennes. Spain is made, fmm the fi:;eSpiii| It is one of the tn.ift imp rtan. keys wool fo much efteemed in pthercoi of France, and his a ftrong c«ftL*, in tries. This city is fiipplicd which the famt^us marihai Tureimc w.iter by a Romnn aqucJufl, 3d v.',\s bom. It is fiatfd on the Macfe, pices in long hj and fuppotted by 1 26 m'les SE of Charlernont, and 135 arches of a prodijjious height, conS NE of Paris. Lon. 5 2 E, lat. 4^ ing of two rows, on? placed above! ^2 N. other. Sc^invia is f.Mted on a iiio[ Sr.EZ, an ancient town of France, tain, near the Arayadda, 45 inikil in the ilepaitrn'-'nc of Orne, with a of Madrid bi.Oiop's lee. It is feaf.'d near the ■fource of the Orne, iz mi.es N of Alt'nc, ^n, vmA 102 W by S of Paris. Seceberg, a town of Holftiin, with a caftle on a high mour.ta'n con- l,on. 120 59 E, lat. 18 3^) N. liiliag of Jims-ftone, iav^c quantities of Segovia, a town of TeiuTii Segovia, a town in the ill Manilia, and one of tin- hrgdUfJ Philippines, feared at :ha N enj the iflanil, 240 rnilti N of in the province 65 30 W, Jat. SfGOVIA, I Spain, in the a Lon. 84 30 W, SiGRA, a r rifes in the Py Catalonia, and i Segura, a S:ira, with a c It is near the r tight miles SE 0, joNWof Alcai SicuRA, a t Mancha, feated i IdfSegura, 35 mi SiGURA, a ri ififesin the mour New CaftiJe, an lind part of Vale [editerranean. SuKs, a very indoaltan Proper si fmall independe r'led a kind of fee oli'efs the whole of '>il part of Moult; 'f Delhi. This i h from NW to 50 to 200 broad, ly con/3 fts almol which they are nog I CO, ceo into Seine, a rivci if" in the depj-to; 'd .lowing by Tro- Mown, falls into at Hivrc. SlINE AND ifiit of France, in I'c province of 1 >aux is the cap: :al S£:iNE AND Oj f™ce, including |w'iice i)f the Ifis' fciN th,- capical. Si'NE, La WE a, ■"<■■?, including py " of Norma/idv |J)i!a'. ;'>»:ivsheim, a to '.'hcftie, 33 „ burg. ^'■'h or Ho«, M iiic th. SEI I jn the province of Venezuel?.. Lont 65 30 W, lat. 8 20 N. Segovia, New, a town of New I Spain, in the audience of Guatimala. |Lon. 84 30 W, lat. 13 25 N. SiGRA, a river of Spain, which I fifes in the Pyrenees, runs through I Catalonia, and fails into the Ebro. Segura, a town of Portugal, in iB^ira, with a caftle on a irountain. jit is near the rivers Elia and Tajo, |(ight miles S£ of Caftel-BrancOf and IjoNW of Alcantara. SicuRA, a town of Spain, in La JMancha, feated among the mountains ItfSegura, 35 miles N£ of Baeza. Segura, a river of Spain, which Ififesiii the mountains of Segura, in IHew Caflile, and crofiing Murcia, lind part of Valencia, falls into the kitiiiterranean. Seiks, a very powerful nation of jindonilan Proper, confifting ofl'cve- jtilfmall independent ftates, that have f ned a kind of federal union. They »li'sfsthe whole of Lahore, the prin- [ipil part of Moultan, and the W part it" Delhi. This tracfl excends 400 (liles from NW to SE, and is from kjoto 200 bioad, in general. Their Uyconfjfts almoft entirely of horfe, which they are faiJ to be able to Jring ICO, ceo into the field. Seine, a river of France, which in the dcpa-tmcnt of Coce d'Or, lid flowing by Troyes, Mciun, Paris, jriRoiicn, falls into the Engiifh Chan- lat H^vrc. j Seine and Marne, a depart- pt of France, including part of the jte province of the Ifle of France. Imx. is the capital. [Seine and Oise, t department jFiince, including part of the lace jovii.ce of tlie Ifle of France. Vcr- lilcsiii th.' capi':al. [Seine, Loweh, a uepartment of line;, inc'udiiig part of ihc late pro- Ir.ce of Normandy. Rouen is thj lita'. iSiiNsHEiM, a town ofFranconia, Ihaciftie, 33 miles NW of Nu- pburg. iSriH, or HoR, a mountain of S E M " Arabia Pctrea, which formerly bounl- ed Judea on the S. It is now called Sardeny, and is 140 miles E of Cairo. Selbury Hill, in Wiltfliire, near the village of Kennet, and half a m le from Aubury, in che road frona Marlborough to, Bath, is an artificiil high round hill, the largcft and mofl uniform barrow in this county. Selby, a town in the W riding of Yorkihire, with a market on Monday, It is featdd on the Oufe, on which fmall veflels pafs to Yoik, 12 miles S of York, and 182 N by W of London. Seleshia, anciently Seleucia, a town of Caramania, 58 miles W of TeraiTo. Seleucia Ilber, an ancient epifcopal town of Syria, eight miles N" of Antioch. Selinstadt, or Selingun- STADT, a town in the deflorate of Mentz, formerly imperial. It is feat- ed ar the conflu;nceofthe Cernfpcnti and Maine, 14 miles E of Francfort. Selivrea, a decayed t"wn cf Romania, on the fca of Marmora, w th an arcljbifh\:p'3 fee, 35 miles W of Coaftantinople. Lon. 28 12 E, lat. 4 1 4 N. Selkirk, ?. borough of Salkirk- Ihire, .feated on theEttrick, 30 mile« S of Edinburgh. Selkirkshire, a county cf Scotland, bounded on the N by Edin- burgfhire, on the E Hy Roxburgh- /hire, o;i the S by Dumfriesfiiire, and on the W by Peeblesfliire. It extends from N to S 20 miles, and 10 from E to W where broadeft. Sei LEs, a town of France, in the department of Loir and Cher, v^ith a • caftle, felted on th; Cher, 13 milcl SE of Blois and 105 from Paris. Sel'. ^, a town of France, in tiie de,5art,n'^nt of Lower Rhine, feated oa the Rhine, a-o ir-ilosE of Paris. Sei. TZKR Nieder, or Lower Sf-LTXER, a village of Gerrr.any, jo miies from Francfort on the Maine j celebrated for a fpring of mineral water, which is exported, in great quantities^ toother countries. /", Semendriau, 3 t.wncf Scrvlif Y» SEN m'\th a citadel, feated on the Danube, »o milos SE of Belgraae. Semicallia, the E part of Cour- ^3nd, fcparated by the Mafza, from Courhnd Proper. Mittau is the ca- pital. SKMiNyvRi, a town of Naples, In Calabria Ulterjore, iz miles NE of , Regjio. Seminolas, a divifion of the Creek Indians, which inhabit a fertile country on the rivers Appalachikola and Fill ;: in the ftate of Georgia, in N America. Semlin, a town of Sclavonia, on the W fu\e of the Danube and Sjvc, oppofite Belgrade. « Sempach, a Ijke of Swiflerland, in the cinton of Lucern, three miles long a:id one broitd. Sempach, a town of Swifferland, in the canton of Lucern, on a lake of the fame name, feven miles NW of Lucpj-n. It is celebrated for the battle which eft.ibiiflied tlie liberty of the Swifs. The annivei fary of this battle, which happened July 9, 1386, is commemorated, wich great folemnity, at Sempach and Lucern. Semur, a town rf France, in the depaitmcnt of Coi-ed'Or, with 3 caftie, and a minufaftory of cloth. It is feated on the Armanjon, 37 ra'les N of A. tun, and 135 SE of Pa'-is. Semur en-Briennois, an anci- ent town of France, in the department ofSaone and Loire, 40 miles KW of Lyons, and 175 S of Paris. Sfneffe, a town of Auftian B abant, four miles S of Nivc'ilf.', fa- mous fjr a battle gained by the French over the prince of Orange, in 1674. Senegal, a k'ngdom of Negro- land, fi-ated on a river of the fame nam^, which annually overflows like the Nile. The French had a fort and fadtory, in tin ifland at the mouth of this river, and were entire madcrs of the gum trade. It is ca'leri Fnt Louis, was taken by the Eni;liii. 'n 1758, and confirmed to them by the peace of i7'^3 ; but, in i 81, it w's reftorc d to France. Lon. 16 31 W, lat. 15 53 N. &a*i£3t 1 town of France, in the SER department of the Lower Alts ai miiesNEof Ai.r. * Si Id St. NIchoIo. c ^V '9 N. _ iENLis, an ancient townofPrancfB Sxrixcapat in the department of Oife, late'y JBfc rtai, capital bifliop's fee. It is feated on the /i^Btn i/lj d of the ri of a hili^ on the Nonette, 20 rriiit,] NW of Meaux, and 27 N£ o/pj ris. Senna R, a large town of Africa capital of a kingdom of the fur. name. See Nubia. It contai» near loo.oco i.nhabitants, andisleat on an eminence, near the Mi{, Lon. 30 o E, lat. 15 4 N. Sens, an ancient town of Fnp, iri the department of Yonne, witli Liftiop's fee. The dauphin and 01 phinefs, parents of Lewis XVI, uri interred in the metropolitan thurtli and here Was lately their nionu., a m'aflei piece of Coufton's, crw; by two urns united. It was t!ic L recju:.1 of the unfortunate monaid their (on, to the National Convenrioi that hib remairs might beinterrcdwii theira; a requeft which they ledft Sens is feated at the confluence of Vanne with the Yonne, 25 milcsN Auxerre, and 60 SE of Furiy. Serampour, a neat town of E galj feated on the Hoogly, a fi diftince above Calcutta. It is a nifti fettlement, and cariies on a fiderabie trade. Seravalle, a town of Italy, the duchy of Milan, 24 miles Ni Genoa Sercelli, a feapo:t In thekii dom of Algiers, a little to thsW Algiers. Lon. 2 20 E, l.it. 3650 SEtienio, a river of Italy, m has iij fource In the Apptiihliifs Modena. It falls Into the W Sea, five miles from the mouth of Arno. *>i:recippedoRey, a fei of Draii!, capital of a grivernmcnl th;; fjme name, 120 milr-i NEol' Salvador. Li.i. 35 46 W, lit. 30 N, Serfo, or Serfante. aniJi of the Archipelago, 50 niilf! NM Naxii, eight miles in length, and! in breadth. The inhabitants m Greeks, and have but one towii,| ^°s>' a ftrong c] °" the ftrait of h'-i^aiy. in the^ lijomilesWofGJ $£S SE V r Alps, 4(1 mofFranctJ ife, lardy J I oil the !\it\ :e, 20 rriMf NE ofPa.| 'n of Afiita, of the firrj It contiintl :, andisfeatn ir the l.'ilt N. A'n of Frjpfl 'onnt-i wkhi ihin and diiJ 'is XVI, wnJ oiitan thiKtlij 'ir nwnu'refl Ion's, crown It was tlie 'J mate nrionjiciJ nal Cunveiitictj beintertciiwiij h they itm :)nrtuenceotl e, 25 miles S^ if Fari?. at town of El ioogly, a (i a. It is a ;anies on a own of Italy,! 14, mites ^ )0!t in tkkii ;tle to theVfj of Italy, m Apptni.iiKiil into the Tu(J tliemoutiiofi Lon. 25 10 E, lat. I If d St, Nicholo. |37 19 N. SiRiNCAPATAM, a city of H;r- holbi, capital of Myfore, fituat;; in linifli d of the liver Caiivery. It is Ij.in^ly fortified ; notwithftanding |fh't!i, l">rd Cornwalis, in 1792, iiere IcD.T.pdi'-'l Tippoo Sultan to fign a Iteaty, by viiich he fjcrificcd half of dominion'!, :;nd a v.ift fuin of ncy, to the E;tft India ConripaMy Ijnd their allies. Seii-igapatam is 290 ii(S E by S of Midras. Lon. 76 1^6 E, 1-t. iz 31 N. Seri'Ai a ftrong town of Portugal, In Alentfjo, feaced on a rugged emi- Rey, fef a govei-nmeni] mill's NE of. 46 w, i.>t. 50 niili!' N' in length, anil inh.ibitants ?« ut one towii) itnce, on which is a caftle, three uikH'ri Jie Guadiana, and 83 SE 'l!b . SiRR!".s, a town of France, in the cpaitment r)f the Upper Alps, 15 piles SW of Gap. Sekvia, a province of T-uikey in lu.op?, bounded on the N by the L;rs Danube and S.ive, whicii fepa- kte it from Hungjiy, on the E by julgaria, on the W by Bofnia, and t;;e S by Albania and Macedonia. I is 190 iriiies from E to W, and 95 om N to S. Part of this country J! ceded, in I718, to the Auftrians, horeftoierl it to the Turks, by the faty cf Belgrade, in 1739. Bel- lade is the capital. IServulo, a caftle, in Auftrian |ria, feated 0,1 a high mountain, ur miles from Trie ft. Near it is the ith of a famous cavern* in which fparry exudations have formed vari- |s figures of blue and white colours. jSissA, a decayed town of Naples, Teira-di-Lavoro, with a bifLop's |, 30 miles N of Naples. iisTi Di PiNENTE, a town in territory of Genoa, five miles W iGeno.i. »iSTO, a town of It^ly, in the lianefe, to the W of the T^lin, where |i'uc6 from the Lago Maggiore. IKSTOS,' a ftrong caftle of Roma- on the ftrait of Galipoii. See [RDANELLE8. Sestri di Levajjt I, an ancient In of Italy, in the territory of Ge- I 30 miles W of Genea. Se-tchuen, a province of China, bounded on the N by Chen-fi, on the E by Hou-quang, 011 the S by Koei- tcheou, and on tlie W by Thibet. It is watered by the great river Yaiig tie- Kian3, and is rich, not only on account of the gre.1t quantity of ii k it produ- ces, but its mires of iron, tin, aid lead, as \vi.*H as its amber, lugaicanes, and lapis lazuli, it liktw.le abuunds in nr.ulk, rhubarb, &c. Tthing-tou- foU is the cipital. Setimo, a town of Piedmont, feated on tlie Po, eight miles N of Turin. :,' ,; . ) Setines. See Athens. Set LEGE, a river of Hindooftati Proper, the moft eafterly of th" e eaftern branches of the Indu'^ eal way to the S of Moukan. Settle, a town in tlie W riding of Yorkftiire, with a market on Tutf- day. It is feated 0.1 the Rii/bic, 2^5 miles E by N of Lancaftcr, and 235 NNW of London. Seven Islands, a duftcr of iflands to that nunber, in lyie Frozfiii Ocean, lying ia lon. i.S 48 E, lat. 80 31 N. /n.oi'g thtie iflands cap- tain Phipps, with the Racehurfi ai .1 Carcafs, were furroundcd by the ice, from the 31ft of July to the icth of Auguft 1773, ^^'hen a brifn wind at NNE afledtcd their deliverance. * Sevenoaks, a town of Kent, with a market on Saturday. Near this town^ is Kno!e,i an,ancient palace of the fee of Canterbury, which archbi- fliop Cranmer exchanged with the crown, and queen Elifabeth gave to Thomas lord Buckhurft, fjom whom it defcejided to the prefcnt duke of Dofiet. In 1450, the rebel John CaHe defeacijd the royai army near this town. Sevenoaks is lix miles NW of Tunbridjjc, and 23 SSE of London. Sever, St. a town of France, in the department of Landes, feated on the Adour, 20 miles E of Dax, an4 65 S by E of Bourdcaux. SivERiNo, St. a town of Naples, in Calabria Citeriore, with an archbi« fliop's fee. It is feated on a craggy rock, on the Neeto, 45 miles^SE of RoH'ano. Y3 SEV SH A SEriRiNo, St. a town of Italy, In the territory of the Churcli and warquifate of Ancona, with a biftiop's fee. It has fine vineyards, and is feated between two hills on the river Fetenza, fix miles NW of Tokntino. Lon. 13 6 E, lar. 4^ 16 N. Skverino, St. a town of Na- ples, in FrincipitoCiterioie, feated on the river Sarncn. Severn, a river which rifesin the irou..tainof PlynlimniOii, fituats part- ly in Montgomeryfhire and partly in Cardiganfhirc. It enters Shropfliire from the E above the Biythen Hills. It is ravigU)le thv^ugh this county j waters Wellhpool, Shrtvvfl)uiy, Brirfge- rorch, Wcrccfler, Tewkelbury, and Gioucefterj and entering the lea, its mouth is calkd the Briitol Channel. This river has a communication witii the Thames by a canal. SeeTn ames. Severn, the Vale of, an ex- ttr.five vaie in G oucelfeilhirc, bor- dtt ng both fiLii's of the river of the fame name. Its fertile paftures fur- nifli that chccfe for wh ch the county is fo famous. See Evesham, Vale OP. Severn, a tlver of N America, in the ftate of Maryland, which waters Annapolis, and enters the bay of Che- fapealc, Severndrcoc, an ifland of Hin- dooftan Pmper, 60 rr.ilts S of Bom- bay, on which was a fort belonging to Angria the pirate, which was taken by commodore Jan^es, in 1756. See Shooter's Hill. Severo, a town of Naples, in Capitanata, with a bi/hop's fee, 75 m'lles NE of Nnplcs. Severu«"Wall, commonly called Graham's Dike, in theW of Scotland. It is a work of the Romans, fuppofed to be done by the e:rperor whofe name it bears, to prevent the Incnrfions of tbi Piifls and Scots. It begjn at Abercorn, on the friih of Forth, four miles NE of Linlithgow, and ran Wto the frith of Clyde, ending at Kirkpa- trick, near Dumbarton. Seville, an ancient and confide- rable city of Spain, capital of Andalu- fi9f with a bifhop'ii fee and a univeifi- tjr. It k one of the moft commerciii tuwns of Spain. All tiie trade of" that kiigdum wiih the New W.irld tm. teied original'y in i:s port. F r,T,.t;v tiie g.illeons and the Hota took thcr anr;ual departure hence; but the port of Cadiz having been found rrgr: ccmmociiouj, they have failed froQ that place fince 1720. Such valf cmpKiyment did the American tnJe gi^e at one pcri>id, that in S-.illj alone there were no fewer th.in i6,tco looms in fiik or woollen work, jri 130,000 perfons were empioyid ij thcfe manufadures; but, before tfj end of the reign of Philip III, the looms of Seville were rediiced tj 400. It is feat;d en the river Guj. da'quivcr, over which is a 1 )ng bn^tj of boati J 45 miles from the Atl) tic, iia W of Granada, and 212 by W of Madrid, Lon. 5 zz\\\'m 37 52 N. Sevp.es, the Two, a depjftJ mentof France, including pirtofiji late province of IVitoa. It is fonanit from two rivers, one of which ficn Into the bay of B:fcr.y, oppofiteili ifle of Rhe, and the other entas Loire, oppofite Nantes. St. Uiin is the capital. Sewalick, Mount, a chain mountains that borders on ih;; bi country, on the N of the provinc! Delhi, in Hiodooftan Proper. Seyssel, a town of Franc?) the department of Ain. I: is divi by the Rhone, which here beginsl be navigablp, into two parts; ofwlii the ea/lern was ceded t» the kinj Sardinia, in 1760. It is 14 ni!l NE of Bel ley. Sezanne, a tdwn of France,! the department of Marre, on al river, 27 miles NW of Troyei, 65 SE of I'ciris. Shaftsbury, a borough of fetfhire, with a market for corn andi tie on Saturday. It is fixated on a hill, where the water is fo fcarre, the poor get a living, by fitchii from a great diftance. It had fori 10 purifh churches, which arenc«j duced to three. It is 25 miles S of Salifbury and io» of Londojij Shannon, lla:d, wiiich ii] linLt'iiriin, dii jr.juj'it, )n.i p (jjiio t^:c Atla/ir Shav, a vi |j: :hv (burcc c JC::3.; and I'enr In.'Ui abbey, b ■Mii'pt (or fori j[ rai.iiJs, placet l/.r a mil.' t )g»ih l«c!ve yardidift, l\reii;!if, th:itcarr Ictl'jpfort tliLm cfLcn (ion. oj ShAPPII.SHv^ iJiiJ;, lyii:.; N] S.'.'EEN, EaS' 'iihoi'Mortlake i nciice, near t, idmn.id and R: Shbe:,-, We 5' Millet Of the pa,i "'ry, whi;h onc< ilc to the NV/ ( ich.iiond. Here convent of Cin] 'jJlicf which Per afylum. An A reT,aii;s of tii will J 770; an >rMin?, of 1 3 h '1 ^ndth.'fucof kljfurcs. ISheepwash, iff- '1 miles S 5 W by S of Lorn Sheerness, a on the N point '''« principal moii *>' 3 built by Cf •cfa h:id burnt I'ifliam. Here is : ^■'f'^U Lon. o «"riELD, a W riding of , ketoaTuefdayJ Don, ?nd is eel] isbardw.'remanul I ^^'^'ch is navifi ^ii'lcsofthetovi ^f^"". and col '""ftires for SHE SHE Shannon, the Ijrgtft river of Ire- ||j.j, which ifTi cs rrom Lough Allen, Ij, L»iir;in, dlviJrs L'.'inrtcr antl Con- r,iu''it. 'nd pjfHiig by Limerick lalls lis;.) 1' -: Atiantic. ,Sh^?i a vill.^c in Wcftmorl.md, h: ihv fouicc ut' the Loricr. between m:x, uiid i'emith. It h.^d once u fa- ln,(as abhry, bi.c is now ot' no nocc, |«:i'pt tor Ibm^. grsat Itj.pes, likt: ll ramias, placed almull ii; aUirediline Iwaoiii.'t'gelher, at sight, ten, and Itwlve jardi diftaiicc, ot fuch inimcni'e rtii.hr, th;U carriages now in uic could Lotljpport tliem. It is 273 miles N \li o( London. Si-AFi'ii.sHj^, one of the Orkney |l,;ii.dc. l>ii-..; Nl'- of M-;;nlar,d. Si.'EEN, East, ahamletof thcpa- (iib 01 Moitlake in Surry, fcated on an (rancncs, r.-JHi the Thamc^, between Riclmond and Ro^ivimpton. S'lKEN, We5t, the name of a Un.laor" ilic; pa. iili of Richmond, in jiry, whi'. h once ilood a qLiaiterof a ilc to the NV/ of the old palace of lichmond. Here Henry V founded icouvent of Citrihufians, within the lallicf which Perkin Waibeck fought jafylum. An a.-. cient gateway, the liUemains of this priory, was taken Un in 17705 and the whole hannlet, ^.lifting cf i3 houfes, was demolish - and the fuc of it added to the king's ■cbfurcs. Sheepwash, a town of Devon- tte, u miles S of Biddeford, and bjW by S of London. ISheerness, a fort in Kent, feat- Ion the N point of the ifle of Shepey Itlie principal mouth of the Medway. Iw 3 built by Charles II, after the ph had burnt the men of war at latham. Here is a yard, a dock, and ppel.. Lon. o 48 H, lat. 51 25 pHEFFIELD, 3 pOpuioUS tOWn in W riding of Yorkshire, with a jrketoa Tuefday. It is feated on jDon, ?nd is celebrated for its va- pshardw.'re manufaftories. By the which is navigable within two or fe miles of the town, it receives iron Hull, and conveys thither its hl^aftires for exportation* Its neighbourhood abounds with coal. Heicrac alio lead works and afilk tnill, h is 34 nTiilfs N of Deiby, ai.d i6l NNW of London. Lm. i 2iy W, UxCm 53 2o N. Shefford, a town of Bedford/hire, with a maikft on Frid.iy. It is featcci btTween two rivulets, cijjht miles SE of Bedfoid, and 41* N by VV of Lon- don. Shkfnal, a town of Shropftiiie, with a in u'kct on Fiiday, nine miieti NE of Biidgenorth, and 136 NW of London. Shields, SandN, tworeaport?,one in the county of Durham, and the ;'ch'.:r in Norrhumbcriand j ren-.ark;ib!c for being the m:rt where fliips tiike ia their loading of coal, and vvhcrc t!ie/ make laij^e quantities of f^lt. They are feated oneach fide of the Tync, 10 miles E of Newcartle. Lon. i 12 W, lat. 55 4N. Si; EI. EUR NE, a fianrlfljinrj; new tjv, ncfN America, in New Bruni- wick. It is fituare at Pott Rcl'cwayt and has a deep, capacicus, and f'Cuie harbour. About a mile from Sh?l- burnc, and feparated from it by i< fmall river, is the Black Town, containing abont 1200 free blacks. Lon. 65 o W, lat. 43 46 N. - Shepey, an Jfland of Kent, in the mouth of the Thames, feparated from the mainland by a branch cf the Mcdvvay; called the Eaft Swjie. It yields plenty of corn, and feeds nume- rous flocks of fhcep. It contains the borougli of Que<*nborough and the fort of Sheernefs. •■ Shepherd's Isles, a cluftcr of iflands, part of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific Ocean, to the S of Mali- collo. Lon. J6842E, lat. 16 58 S. Skei'Perton, a village of Mid- dlefe!(, feared on the I'names, and much rcforted to by the lovers of ang- ling. Near it is part of a P.oman camp. It is 20 miles WSW of London. Shepton Mallet, a town of Somerfetfliire, with a market on Fri- day. It is fcated under Mendip Hills, and has aconfiderabie manufailory of fecond cloths. It is 17 miles SW of Bath, and 144 W of London. Y4 tf^Sil*:'""'^^'^^'- S H I SuKRBonN, a town cf Dorfetflilrc, with t.v) ni.it kctc, on Thur(day and Satoiday. It was fornnfily a bi(hr-p's fee, and had three chinches (though now but one) and ac?Alf;, now in tui»s. It is 40 mil'sW by S ofSalifouiy an that acccunt. It i;. fcatcd on three cniiricnccr, 36 rr.iks S of Florence, and lO'^ N by W or PvOme. Lon. Ti 11 E, lat. 43 10 N. SitNNFR, a fcitile dicby of Italy, bouiideo Oil the N by litc FlureiiUitt , ^n SIE the S by the Mediterranean and the duchy of Caftro, on the E by the Peru, gino and Orvieto, and on the W by the Florentino and the Tufcan Sea. It is 55 miles in length, and as much* in breadth. Sienna is the capital. Sierra Leone, a country on the W coaft of Africa, fo named; accord. ing to fome authois, by the Pottu. guefe, on account of its mountains a- bounding with lions. Some extend its limits from the Grain Coail or, the SE to Cape Verga or Vegaon tlic K\V, that is, betwen 7 and , 10° N lit, Others confine them between Cape Verga and Cape Tagrin. Sierra Leone, a great river of Africa, in a country of the faniemmr, Its fource is uncertain j but its mcu'h, in lon. 12 30 W, ';t. 8 15 N, isnine miles wide. In 1^91, an aft of pjr- liament was obtained, incorporati'iga company, called the Sierra Leone Cm. pany, for the purpofe of cuitivaf - Weft India and other tropical pryduc- tions on the banks of this river. The firft fcttlers am unted to 1:00 whitesJ bcfide a number of free blacks Ikui Nova Scotia. The natives ajpranjl to be extremely friendly, and a t'cvj in 1792, hid come to woik for tl»| colony. The next year the coLnilsj were all put into poflefiion of fmall iuta of land, and a new town wns bogui. Bcfide the Nova Scotia blacks, a laiga party of the natives were at \vnrkf;n rl''e company, and the txpcrimerts iii fugar, cotton &c, appeared to be proJ mifing. The native chiefs ar:J p;o4 pie continued to he extremely fritndiyJ ^nd the company's fchonls weic rcgt/ larly attended by ■^oo'chiiJien, aircr.ji wl'.om were fome cliildrenot thenative!. In Sept. 1794, a French fpuadroi; deJ firoyed the fcttiement, and c.ipturcdffJ veral of the company's fnipsj bul fiom this rtifafter, they have fir.ce, iif a g*eat meafurc*, recovered. iiiERRA Leone, or Lion Movn] TAINS, mountains cf Afiica, wid divi.ie Nigvitia fn.m Guinea, ar.dix^ tend as far as AhylTmia. SiERKA MoRENA, monrta'ns I Spain, nhich cH. iJe AndjluGa lioi^ Eilr,«a>adui'a and New Ca(lile< SiCETH, or iilow'i'r Hung otthe ftmc nan w:s retaken f.-oi and is 50 mil'"s jHVby SofC I, iar. 46 17 ^ SiGTUNA,ar den., in Uplind, Itr, bnwc'cn Sto SiGUENZA, Nl-w Caili'e, w archbi. 'hop's f'e, fe3td jt ihe foot 60 miles NE of 1 Silesia, a c bundcJ o;i the N P.)lari(j, on the Huagjiy, on the on the W by Lov hemij. It is 27 Jiid ICO in brejc rivers a.c, the OJ a^"l E'fb. It has iilierj but they Tiierc are alio mii r.i iron. The pr: is linen cloth. Si the Upper and Lo\ the iiihibiiants an c='li.iics, fpeakin J-a^c : in the L v. »!l prot-'ftants, a:u ther tinguc. It I" Imill duchies, : txc'iifiveufthe coJ ' per.rX pan of this! tothekingof Pi-uf S'MsiRiA.or »f-B'.il|_Mri,j, with I archbi/hwp's fee. «"(iufnc(r of tht;| wnuj,.-, 97 miles Sir-LriiAR, a "aftofSumati-a, tsolen. Lon. ic. Sir.i.E LE Guil nii'aiil town of Fr/ ii.entof Sarte, 20 . Simbirsk, afoJ »;tcapi-:viiicc of F't^loftlu- fame i| '"'lie Circle of the SIM SIN SicETH, or ZicAT, a ftfongtown ifLower Hungary, capita! of a county ctthe f.tmc nami', wiih a citadel. It Wisat.iken f:om he Tnrks in 1669, jnJis 50 mil-s NW of EfTcck, and jSW by S of Coloczj. I.on. 18 5S I, iac. 46 17 N. SiGTtJNA,an ancient towa of Swe- den., in Uplitid, fcttcd on lake Mae- Icr, between Stockholm and Upfa). SiGUENZA, a town of Spain, in Hew Calli'e, with a univeifity, an archbifhop's f-e, and a caftle. It is feated ^t the foot of Mount Atienca, 63 miles NE of MadriJ. Silesia, a duchy of Germany, l)OundeJ o;i the N by Brandenburg and P)larid, on the S by Moravia and Hu!iga:y, on the E by Poland, and on the W by Lower Lufatia and B.)- hemi.i. It is 274 miles in length, and ICO in breuddi. The princip.d fivers ;i;c, tlic Oder, Viitnla, Nelirc, iiilEifo. It has mines of gold and fiker; but they aic not worked, Tii:rc are alio minzs of lead, copper, a^.diron. The princ'eil manufatSture is linen eiotli. Si e/ia is divided into the Upper and Lower. I.i the Upper, the inhibilants are generally Roman Cith.iics, fpeaking the Polifli ian- ^m: in the L wer, they are aln-oft all prot'^ftants, and fpeak thc'r mo ther t.ngue. It is aifo divided into J" fmill duchies, and (even free ftates, exclufiveuf the couniy or'Glatz. The greatcl part of this country was ceded to the king of Pro iTia, in 1742. Sims ikia, or Dorestro, a town of'B'.ilijaii.j, with a rliadel, and an archbiihop's fee. It is dated near the canfluente of the Mifl'ovo and the Daniije, 97 miles NE of Nicopoli. SiLLiBAR, a feapovt on the W [coalt ot' Sumati-a, a little S of IJ.^n- Icsolen. Lon. 10 t o E, lat. 4 o S. Sir.LE LE GuiLLAUME, 3 tom- Imcitial town of Eraxe, in the depait- Inientnfb.irte, 20 miles NE i at the mouth of a river> in the gulf of Fatana.. Lon. loi 25 £, lat. 6 40 N. SiMGAGLTA, a ftrong town of Italy, in the marquifate of Ancona, with a eaftle, and two harbours. It is feat- ed on the Nigola, 34 miles E of Ur- "bino. Lon. 13 29 E, lat. 43 45 N. SiNOPE, ^decayed feapnrt of Na- tolia, with a ncgle 'at. 4 SiSTERON, pji fee of Fran of the Lower . tHe Durance, a the top of whic the prifon of C land. It is 45 407 SE of Pari 44 II N. SisTON, a Hire, feven mi rivulet which i Tin ore has been Is a msiiufadlorj gffaltpetre. SiTiA, a tow the ifle of Candi fame name, 58 Lon. 26 29 E| I SiTTARD, a the duchy of Ju Mjcfe, 10 miles SiTTJNGBUB of Kent, II mil( and 40 E by S of SivRAi, a tov department of Vi Charente, 25 mi, ICO SW of Paris, SizuN, a fma! thecoaft of Britti the mainland. Skara, a tovt Gothland, with th palace, the refidi 'tings. It is feat miJes N of Falko Skeen, a tow gnvernment of able for its mines iiiJ fe.itcd near th W of Ton/berg a liaJt. Skenectada llate of New Mowhawk River, Albany. The I furprifed and mafTa in 1690. Skiddaw, a . lei'and, one of th in the kingdom, J'rds perpendicula SKI- SLB miles NW of Conftantinoplc ^^* urface of the lake of Derwentwatw, to ,g E, lat. 4X 30 N . the N of which it lies. SisTiRON, a town and late epifco- Skipton, n town in the W riding paJ fee of France, in the department of Yorkftiire, with a market on Sa- of the Lower Alps. It is feated on turday. It is feated near the Aire, 41 tHe Durance, at the foot of a rock, on miles S by E of Richmond, and 231 the top of which is a citadel, that was N by W of London. the prifon of Cafimir V, king of Po- Skye, an ifland in Scotland, one land. It is 45 miles NE of Aix, and o^ ^^e largell of the Weftern lOanda, 407 SE of Paris. Lon. 6 1 E, lat. ^^ 's 50 miles in length, and, in fome ' -' places, above 20 broad. The SE end is feparated from Invernefsfliire (to which it belongs) by a narmw channel, called the Inner Sjund j in the moft 44 1 1 N. SisTON, a village in Gloucefter- (bire, feven miles £ of Briftol, on a rivulet which runs into the Avon. Tin ore has been found here ; and here narrow part of which, named the Kyle, is a msnufaaory of brafs and another cattle aie made to fwim acrofs. The of faltpetre. bafaltic columns, refembling the Giant's SiTiA, a town on the N coaft of Caufeway in Ireland, arc its greateft the ifle of Candia, near a bay of the curiofity. Many thoufands of black- fime name, 58 miles from Candia. cattle are annually exported hence. Inn. 26 29 E, lat. 35 o N. Some fmall horfes are bred, and a great SiTTARD, a town of Germany, in quantity of kelp is nunufaftured here. the duchy of Juliers, feated near the Pi^rtrce is the only place worthy of Macfc; IS miles S of Ruremonde. being mentioned. SiTTJNGBURN, a corporate town Slaney, a decayed towp of Bo- hemia, with a caftle, 18 miles NW of Prague. Slate, a diftridt of the ifla of Skye, one of the Hebrides of Scotland. of K.ent, 1 1 miles SE of Rochefter, and 40 £ by S of London. SivRAi, a town of France, in the department of Vienne, feated on tiie Charcnte, 25 miles S of Poitiers, and It 's on the SE fide of the idand, and ICO SW of Paris. SizuN, a fmall ifland of France, on the coaft of Brittany, eight miles from the mainland. Skara, a town of Sweden, in W is a peninfula, terminating in a rugged promontory, c.illed the Point of Slate. SlAWKAW, or AUSTERLITZ, a town of Moravia, capital of a circle of the fame name, and 10 miles E of Cathland, with the ruins of an ancient Brinn. Lon. 16 57 E, lat, 49 5 N. palace, the refidence of the Gothic Sleafobd, a town in Lincoln- Vings. It is feated on the Lidj, 17 fli're, with a market on Monday, and miles N of Falkoping. the ruins of a caftle. It is 1 8 niiles S Skeen, a town of Norway, in the of Lincoln, and 115 N of Lc>ndon. government of Aggerhuys, remark able for its mines of iron and copper, and fe.itcd near the Categate, 10 miles W of Tonlberg and 40 of Fredcvic- llaJt. Skenectaday, a town in the on Sleswick, a confideraole town of Denmark, capital of a duchy of the fame name. Clofc to it, is the old palace of Gottorp, formerly the ducal refidence, from which the ducal line, formed by Adoiphus, fon of Frederic Hate of New York, feated on the h I^'ng of Denm.irk, was denominat- ■ Mowhawk River, 16 miles NW of ci Holfttin Gottorp, which ftill fub- Aibsny. The French and Indians fil^s in the perlon of the great duke of Rulfia. Sielwick is fituate at the bsttom of an arm of the fca, called the Slcy, 60 miles NW of Lubec, and 125 SW of Copenhagen. Lon. 10 o E, lat. 54 39 N. S1.E6W1 t-K, or North Jut tANB, farprifed and maflacred the inhabitants, in 1690. Skiddaw, a mountain of Cum- berland, one of the moft remarkable in the kingdom, being above 1000 I j.rds perpendicular height from the r-i;i^:i_7'tT^!5, .».■ Ma ■ I a fertile duchy of Denmark, feparated from Holftein, by the Eyder. It is 100 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. Sligo, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaughr, 35 miles in length, and as n.uch in breadth ; bounded on the E by Leitrim, on ihe SE by Rofcotnmon, on the SW and W by Mayo, and on tlie N by the Atlantic* It contains 41 panflies, and fends four memb .s to parliament. Sligo, a borough of Ireland, in the county of the fame name, and the only market town in it. It is feated on the bay of Sligo, 26 miles E of Killala, and 100 NW of Dublin, Lon. 8 2O W, lit. 54 13 N. Slimbridge, a village of GIou- cefterfliire. In this parifh, which is ao miles in compafs, 1000 acies of land have been gained from the Severn. It is II miles SW of G!';uc(riler. Slonim, a town of Lithuania, in the paiatin. tc of Novogrod; ck, wiih a caft'e. It is feated on the Scziaa, 40 miles SW of Novogioiieck, and to SE of Grodno. Slooten, a populous town of tl^p United Provinces, in Friefland, feat- ed on a lake called Slooteimeie, three miles fiom the Zuidei-Zee, and 18 NW of Steenwytk. Lon. 5 z6 E, lat. 5Z 5S N. Sluczk, a populous town of Li- thuania, capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is famcuj for three battles gained by Conftantine duke of Oftrog, ovci the Tartars, in the reign of Sigif- mund I. It is feated on the Sluczk, 70 miles SE of Novogrodeck. Lon. SLuTTELBur.G, 3 town of RuITm, in thegoveinmentof pL'terfburgh, feat- ed on the S fide of hkc Ladoga, 30 miles E of Peterfljuigh. Sluys, a fe.i|;oit of Dutch Flan- ders, opi-iofite the itland ut Cadfand, 10 miles N of Bruges. It was taken by the Spani.irdp in 1587, retaken by the Dutch in 1604, and tiken by the French in 1794- It derives its ramc f om ih fine flulces, by which the whole country can be laid under vatcr. Lon. 3 25 E, laf. 51 19 N. Smalkai.Pi a town of Franeoniai S M O . in the county of Henneberg, (uhkfi to the landgrave of Heffc -Calfei, '"and famous for the confederacy entered into by the proteftants againft the empeior in 1530, t) defend their relig'on a-'.d liberties. It is feated on the Werra 25 miles SW of Erfurt, and 50 NV/' of Bamberg. Smarden, a town in Kent, with a market on Friday. It is 10 miles SE of Maidftone and 56 of Lon. don. Smithfield, a town of Virginia, on James River. Smith s Island, an iflai.d in ihe Pacific Ocean, difcovered by licut, Ball, in 179c. Lon. 161 54 E, lat, 9 44 S. Smoland, a province of Gothland in Sv/eden, 112 nii'es long, and 62 broad. Calnriar is the capital. Smolensko, a city of Rufija, ca. pital of th'.' government of the famj name, fltuate on the Dnieper, and ex- tending over two mounta ns and th; valley between them. It is furround. ed by walls 30 feet high and 15 thick; their circumference four miles and three quarters. The houfes are molVy of wood, and little better tlian cotta- ges, except a few fcatrered ht-re ir.i there, which are dignified with ths title of palaces. The city is oivided, thiough its whole length, byoncftniight p.'.ved ftieot t the others are circu ar, and fli.ncd with planks. The catlie- dral ftands on an eminence, whete there is a view of the whole city. Ths alternate riling and finking of ihe wall from the inequality of the grciind; their Gothic avchiteft-nc and grotcfque towers; the ftecples rifing above thj trees, which conct-al the houfes from the fight; the gaidens, mcaciowsjand cornfi'jIJs within the walls j alto[;t'ther forn) one of the moil fir.guhr piflu- relcjuc, add varied profpedts. Not.' witlWlandini; '''■ extent, it coniainsnnly 4COO inhabitants. It is 197 miles NE of Novogiodcck, aiTd 230 N of Kiow. Lon. 31 22 E, lat. 54 50 Ni Smolensko, a duchy of Ruflii, on the fiontiers of Lithuai ia. After hiving been an objidt of contention, ond reciprocally polTenicd by Pokuid ad :,■ iiiAiihRi^' OlJS* ai^l&iyM^X: lAlv^^Ah'*''*^ SNO soc Jlu/fia, it was conquered by Alexay and which may, with propriety, he Michaefovitch in 1654, and ceded to ftyled the Btitifli Alps. It is boggy Ruflia i" 1666. It now forms one of on the top, and hr" two lakes that the 41 Ruffian governhients. abound with fifh, paiticularly the char Smow, a noted cavern, on the N and the guiniaid. The height of this toaftofSutherlandftiire, between Cape mountain, from the quiy of Carnar- Wrath and Loch Eribol. It runs fo von to its higheft peak, is 3,568 feet* Lr under ground, that its extremity, It was held facfd by the ancient it is faid, could never be explored. Britons, aj Parnafius was by the Smyrna, a feaport of Natolla, Greeks. Pieces of lava have been and one of tiie largeft and richeft cities found on this mountain, and, on the of the Levant. The goodnefs of the fummit, groups of columnar ftones, harbour has caufed it to be rebuilt of vaft fize, lying in all (iirediions* fevtral times, after having been de- From the fummit may be feen a part ftroyed by earthquakes. It is the of Irtiand, of Scotland, and of Cum- rendezvous of merchants from almoll berla: d, Lancaihire, Che/hire, and alk til parts of the world, and the maga- N Wales. z'me of their merchandife. Tliere are Soana, or Suanx, an ancient three bilhops, one Greek, the other town of Tufcany, in the Sicnnefe^ Latin, and the third Armenian. The with a bifliop's fee. alch( ugh now no Englilh and Dutch fadlors have pro- more than a village, having been de- teftant chapels } and taverns are as ferted on account of the badncfs of the open litre as in Europe. Smyrna is air. It is feated on a mountain, neaf feated at the bottom of a large bay, the Flora, 30 miles SE of Sienna, 183 miles W by S of Conftantinople. Soane, a river of Hindnoftan Pro- Lon. ay 19 E, lat. 38 28 N. per, which iflues from the fame lake, SNACKERBURG,atownof Germa- which is the fource of the Neibuddaj ny, in Brunfwlck- Lunenburg, featti and, flowing in an oppofite diredlion at tiie confluence of the Elbe and to that river 1500 milei, it falls into Vecht. Lon 9 30 E, lat. 53 10 N. the Ganges above Patna. Sn^sell, Mount, amountainin Society Islks, a cluftcr of iflesy Icthnd. Lon. 23 54 W, lat. 64 difcovcred by captain Conk in 1769. ^i N. They are Htuatc between 16 10 and Snaith, a town in the W riding 16 55 S lat. and 150 57 and 152° VV cfYurklhire, with a market on Fri- Ion. They are fix in iiu.nl-er; name- day. It is feated near the Aire, 22 ly, Huahine, Ulietpj, Otaha, Bol*. m.les S of York, and 174 N by W bola, Maurua, and Tabor.yamanoo, or »f London. Saunders' Ifland. The foil, prod'.;c- Sneeck, a populous town of the tion?, people, their language, leligion. United Provinces, in Friefland. It is cuftoms, and manners, ?ie nearly th« called Sr.itz by the natives, and is fame as at Otaheite. feated on a Lke of the fame name. Sock, a village in Somerfetfliire,. tight miles S of Franeker. three miles from Yeovil, where is a Snetsham, a town of Norfolk, large pool, at which pigeons often with a market on Friday, It is feated drink, but cattie will not touch its 0:1 an inlet of the fca, 12 miles N by water. E of Lynn and 1 1 1 of London. Lon. SocoNusco, a province of New 31 ii, lat. 52 55 N. Spain, in the audience of Mexico, 88 SN)ATiN,atradmgfownofLittIcPo- miles in length, and as muchinb;eadth. land, capital of Pokutia, feated on the It is bojndcd on the W by Guaxaca, Piuth, 4^ miles SE of Kalitz, Lon. on the N by Chiapa,on the E by Gua- i6 7 E, lat. 48 44 N. timala, and on the S by the N Pacific Snqwdon, a mountain of Carnar- Ocean. wnlhire, the mod noted eminence Socotora, an Ifland of Afia, be- »i the whole region of the WcMh lulls, tween Arabia Felix a^d Africa, 59 i SOI miles in length and 2? in breadth. It is noted for its fine aloes. SoczowAy a town of Moldaviat feated on the Seret, 3a miles SW of Jafljr. SoDBVRY, Chippint, a town of Gloucefteifhire, with a market on Thurfday. Ic is particularly noted for its fine cheefe, and is 15 miles £N£ of Briltol, and jiz W uf London. SoDOR, a village in Icolmkni) one of the Wcftern llles of Scotland. It was formerly a bi;h p*s (tc, including all the iflands, w th the ille of Man j for which reafon he bifhop of Man is flill called bifhop of Sodor and Man. SoEST, a large town ofWcflj/ha- lia, in the county of Maick, former- ly free ^nd imperial. It is 12 miles SW of Lipfladt, and 30 SEofMun- fter. SbFALA, a kingdom on the E coaft of Africa, extending S of Zanguebar, from the river Cuama to the river Del Efpirito Santo j that Is, from 17 to a5° S lat. It contdins mines of gold, and is tributary to the Poituguefe. SoFALAi the capital of a kingdom of the fame name, with a fort built by the Portuguefc. It is feated on a fmali iOand, near the mouth of a river. Lon. lat 20 ao S. SoFFA, or Sophia, the capital of Bulgaria, with an aichbifliop's lee. It is fe ited at the foot of the moun- tains pf Argentaro, on the Bjgana,^ 135 miles NW of Adrianople, and 150 from Conftantinop!e. Lon. 23 58 E, lat. 42 30 N. SoFRCY, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, feated at the foot of a mountain of the fame name, part of Mount Atlas, and between two rivers, 12 m'les E of Fez. SoHAM, a town of Cambridgcfhire, with a market on Saturday. It is feat- ed near Soham Mere, five miles SE of Ely, and 70 N by E of London. SoiGNiES, a town of Auft^rian Hainault, on the Senne, near a foreft of the fame name, eight milts NE of Mons, and 17 WofKruflcls. SoissoNS, an ancient apd confider- able city of France, in the department 3540E, 49 SOL of AJfne, with an ancient caflle. it was the capital of a kingdom of the fame name, under the firft race of ih; French monarchs. It contains i2,cco inhabitants, and is a bifhop's f/e, Hi^re St. Lewis, Philip the Bold, af,i Lewis XIV, were crowned. Amon^ the late abbies here, that of St. Me. dard is temafka'oii- : Lewis le Dcb(jn. naire was confined in it by liis cV;|. dren. Soiflbns is feated on the A fne 30 miles W by N ofRlieims, andCo NE of I'aris. Lon. 3 24 E, Lt, 23 N. SoissoNNOis, a lite province of France, which, with ihe late jrevincj of Vermandois, now forms the uepatt- ment of Aifne. SoLDANiA Bay, a bay of Afr'ca, a lictle N of the Cape of Good Hope, Lon. 18 4 S, lat. 33 lo. SoLEBAY. See SOUTHWOLD. SoLEURE, the capital which it was admitted in 148 1. It ftretthes partly through the plain, and partly along the chains of the Jura, and con. tains 50,000 inhabita:!ts. It is 35 miles in length and 35 in breadth. The government is a complete atiflo. cracy. SoLFATARA, 3. lake of Italy, id the Campa,;na of Rome, near Tivoli,| form- rly called L:\q\is Albulus. It contairij ce:tain fubftances called float- ing illands j but which are iintliiig but bunches of bullrufhes, fpringirif from a foil, formed by dull blown iot| the adjacent ground, and glued toijt. ther by the bitumen which hvims on the furface of the lake, and the ful< phurwith which its waters are impreg. naied. Seme of thofe iflands aie ij yards long; the foil fliong enough MJ bear five or fix people, who by ip\ may. move to different parts of ihe lake. From this lake, a whitiih mud- iitil: SOL Jf llream flows into the Tevetone (the ancient Anio) emitting a vapour I gf ] fulpherous fmeli. On throwing a I lundle cf Aiclcs or Hirubs into this ntsr, they will, in a few days, be nvcrd with a white cruft ; but this ncroftating quclity is not fo ftrong in Utlake itlelf as in the rivulet, that pins from it. Fifli are found in the Ttverone, both above and below Ti» Tvli, till it receives this lake; after which, during the reft of its courfe to I the Tiber, there aie none, SoLFATERRA, a mountain of U'lpleS) in Terra di Lavoro, furround- (Jby olher mountains, in the form of L1 amphitheatre. It has a crater above 1 miles in diameter, wiiich fmokes in llieday, and flames in the night. It I'ionds in fulphur and alum; and liieir it is a fmall lake full of black Itliick water, which fecms always to be I boiling. SoLiHut, a town in Warwick- Ijbire, 24 miles NE of Worcefter, and I107NW of London. Soling £N, a town of Germany, liathe duchy of Berg, feated near the [Wipper, 15 miles S£ of DuHeldorf. SoLKAMSK, a townofRuflia, in Irfie government of Perm. It is fa- Idous for its fait- pits and good horfes, Hud is feated on the Uflblka, which pils into the Kama. Lon. 57 z6 E, p. 59 16 N. SoiMS, a town of Germany, capi- lofa county of the 'fame name, in Jthc circle of the Upper Rhine. It has |aca(lle, and is feated on a hill, 10 niles SE of Herborn. Lon. 8 31 £> fit. 5035 N. SoLOR, anifland in the Indian Ocean, 5ot" Celebes, and govo-ned by its own 'iig. Lon. 123 ^5 £, lat. 90S. SotTWELD, a town of Germany, III the old marche of Brandenburg, teaied on the Jetxe. Lon. il 34 E, ]at. s* 56 N. SoLWAY Frith, an arm of the ^a, between Cumberland and Kirk- odbrightfliire. SoLWAY Moss, a large black mo- bfs, in Cumberland, near the Eflc, on |ic borders of Scotland, which, in 1771, ting fwoln by rainsj burft through the SOM iheilofturf which covered it} andfpreal an inky half-fluid deluge over 400 acres of cultivated land in the neigh- bouring valley, which it entirely filled up. Sombrero, a clutter of uninhabit- ed iflands in the Weft Indies, 89 miles NW o-;' St. Chriftopher's, be- longing to the Englifh« The moft re- markable of them is a league long, and coniifts of an eminence, to which the Spanifh difcovercrs, finding fome re- femblance to a hat, gave the name of Sombrero. Lon. 63 37 W» Jat. i3 18 38 N. Somersetshire, a rounty of England, boundcJi «.-. th« NW by the Briftol Channel, on the N by Gloa- cefterlhire, frorr which it is divided by the Avon, on the £ by Wilts, oh the SE by Dorfet, and on the SW by E|e- vonfhire. Its extend from E to W it 65 miles, and from N to S 45. It it (ituate in the diocefes of Briftui, and of Ba^^ and Wells i contains 42 hun- dreds, three cities, 31 markct-towiis» and 385 parilhes ; and fends 18 mem- bers to parliament. The air, in the lower grounds, is mild and whulefome. The NE quarter has the Mendip Hills. Toward the centre, are fens of great extent. OntheWfidearetheQuaniocle Hills; and, in the NWcorrer is the black fteril region of Exmoor. The S part toward Dorfetfltire, is high, buC well cultivated; and, throughout the county, vales of the gre»teft fertility are interfperfeJ. Cattle, nearly equskl in flzc to th: Lincolnfhire, are fed in the fine meadows about the head of the Pairet ; and the beft goofe feathers for beds come from the marlhes. Cider it a common produfl of this county, and it has a confiJerable fliare in the wool- len manufadures. SoMERTON, a large >fiwn of Scnncifetfliire, with a market on Tuef- day^ for corn, flieep, and cattle. It was formerly a confiJerable places from which the county took its name. It is 13 miles S of Wells^ and 123 Why S of London. SoMME, a department of France* lately Picardy. It takes its name from a river which rifes in the depart- HI •> soo Ment of An:fe, and watering St. Quenjn, Pc o tne, Aniens, nnd Ab- beville, c .: the Engliih Channel. Amiens is the capital ScMMiEKES, a town of France, in the department ot Card. Ir has a inanuf"dcloi7 of fergcs, which brar Its ■anne, and is leated on the Vidourle, to mills W of Nifmes. Son CI NO, a llrong town of Italy, in the Crenionefe, feattd on the Ogtio, so n:>i!es NW of Cremona. Son D RIO, a town I i the country of tiie GrJfons, capital of the Valteline, occupying both fides of the Maienco, t furious torrent. On the 20th of Jttl-y, 1620. here was a dreadful maf- facre of the proteft'ants, which lifted three days. It ia 34 miles NE of Como. Lon. 9 40 E, lat. 46 12 N. SoNERGON, or Sunn F.R GAUM, a Village of Bengal, once a large city. Jt is featcd on a branch of the iJun am- pootcr, 13 miles SE cf Dacca. SoNG-KiANG Fou, a city of China, in the province of Kiang«nan. It is celebrated for the prodigious quan- tity of cotton cloth which it exports to foreign countries, but has only four titles in its diftdft. SoNORA, a province of N Ameri- ca, in the kingdom of New Navarre, extendir.g along the E fide of the gulf of Califoinia, in abcut 96° W lon. and «9° N lat. It lies in the moft de- lightful part of the temperate zone ; wid all its produflions, whether ani- mal or vegetable, are very perfeft in their kind. Tne number of Spaniards fettled here is very fmall ; but as Teryrich mines of gold and filver wtre difccered, jii 1771, in an expedition againft fome fierce tribes cf hoftile and predatory Itiiiians, it is probable thatthe population of this province will greatly increafe. SooLoo, an ifland of the Eafl-ern Ocean, almoft midway between Min- danao and Borneo. It is 30 miles long and 12 broad, and contains 60,000 in- habitants. It Is governed by a king, and the natives are Malays, and confe- i|uently Mahometans. The Erglifh Eaft India Company have a refident here. Lon. 1*1 415 E, lat. 5 57 N. s o u SOTMTA. SceSoFJ-A. SoPHiANiA, a t)W,i of P"rfia, ft Aderbeitzaii, 25 miles NW of Tau- ris. SopRA Selva, a valley cf .v.vif. ferland, in the coiintry of the Ciiif;n!, It extends from Moun: St. Golhatd to Rfichenau, and is the mod popul^uj valley of the Grey LeagUL-, Sop RON, a ftrcng town cf Lwer Hiingaty, capiral of a coun'.y o( ;he fame name, ft-ated on ^, river, ly miles S\V of PrefburR;. SoRA, a tow;i of Naples, in Terra. di-Lavoro, with a caille and a biftop'5 fee. It is featcd on the Gari^liar.o, 65 miles NW of NapSe'. SoRA, a ftrong town of Denmark, in Zealand, with a college for the no- bility. Lon. Ji 23 E, lav. 55 s6 N, SoRAW, a tov.'n of Germany, h Lafatia, fcated neartheBober, 25.i!il;s L of Crcfien, and 32 NE of GorlitE. SoRiA, a town of Spain, in O'i CaJ^ilc, built on the ruins of the anci. cnt r.'amantia, near the fource of tlie Doi'cro. Lon. a » W, lat. 41 48 N, SoHRiNTO, a feaport of Naples, in TCrra-di-Lavoro, with an archbi- flic '5 fee. It is the birthplace cf Tafio, and is featcd on a pcninfu'a, on the bay of Naples, at the foot of a mountain' cf the fame name, 17 tniles SE of Naples. L<)n. 14 24 £, lat. 40 36 N. SosPELLo, 9 town of Piedmont, in the county of Nice, fcated on ilie Bevera, 15 miles NE of Nice. SovANo, a town of Tufcany, in the Siennefe, 25 miles W of Orvieto. SouBisE, a town of France, in the department of Lower Charente, feated on the Charente, 2a miles Sof Rochelie. SouiLtAC, a town of France, in the department of Lot, feated on the Borefe, 32 miles N of Cahors. Sound, a ftiait between Sweden and Denmark, through which (hips ufually fail into the Baltic. It is font miles broad, and here the Danes take toll of all merchant. fliips that pafsinto the Baltic. Sour, a feaport of Syria, where ftood the fameus city of Tyre 3 but ao- j cf Coventry, and 83 Southampton, Hampfhirc, ficuate l jhcn and Tefe, whic an inlet of the fea, c Bay, or Southampton formerly a port of j and ftill pofiefTes a trai Port wines j having : neilion, moreover, and Jerfey. Its marli dayThurfday, and Sal tains five churches, jj viWs, is a corporation j ! felf, and is a faftiionab I for fea-bathing. It ii Winchefter^ and 75 I don. Lon. i 26 W, Southampton, I See Hampshire. Southend, New Eflex, feated at the SOU sou diing remains of it but ruins. Lon. quencc ; handfome accommodations .6 c E, lat. 33 40 N. for the company having been ere€led. bouB» a rivepof Luxemburg, which Southwark, a borouh of Surry, witers Dierich and Echiernach, and which nay be confidcred as partof the falls into the Mofelle, at Waflerbil- metropolis, being feated on the oppo- lich, fitc fide of the Thames, and under SousA. See SusA. the jurifdiftion of the city of Londor., Sou-TCHEOU-Fou, 3. City of which has an officer h^re called the China, the fecond in the province of Ki- bailiff of Southwark. It is called the ang-nan. It is fo interfeded by ca- Borough, by way of dlftindtion, and nals of fre/h water, that Europeans contains fix parifli churches, a new compare it to Venice ; and the coun- Roman catholic chapel, many places try round it is fo delightful that the of wor/hip for diflenters, and feveral Chinefe call this city •the paiadife charitable foundations, particularly, St» cf the world.' The brocades and ♦;m- Thomas' Hofpital, G,;y's Holpital, troideiies made heie are efteemed and the Magdalen Hofpital. Be fide thrjughout the wliole empire. Its po- the King's Bench and Marflialfea pri- puiaiion is prodigious 5 butitsjurifdic- fons, and the county bridewell, anew m extends over only one city of the county g:iol, with a feflions-houfe ad- fv'cond, and feveii of the third clafj. joining, is building. The court-hou e Lon. iia 20 E, lat. 38 48 N. at St, Margaret's Hill haibeen recenc- SouTERRAiNE, a town of France, ly rebuilt. See London. in the department of Creufe, 14 miles Southweald, a village of ETex, Nof Limogijs. fituate on #n eminence that commandt- South Sea. See Pacific an extenfive profpedl, 16 miles ENE OcKAN. of London. The town of Brentwood SouTHAM, a town of Warwick- is included in its parifli. (hire, with a confiderable market on Southwell, an ancient town !ti Monday, for cattle. It is 13 miles S Nottinghamfliire, with a market on of Coventry, and 83 NVV of London. Saturday, and a collegiate church. It Southampton, a borough of is 10 miles NE of Nottingham, and Hampfliirc, fituate between the It- 139 NW of London, shcn and Tefe, which flow here into Southwold, a feaport of Suffolk, an inlet of the fea, called Triffanton with a maiket on Thurfday. It ii a Bay, or Southampton Water. It was corporate town, feated on a cliff, near formerly a port of great commerce, a fine bay, into which flows the river and ftill poflefles a trade in French and BIythe, and is almoft furrounded by Port wines ; having a particular con- water. Here a much-efteemcd fa't it. neftion, moreover, with Guernfey made. It is commonly called Sowlk and Jevfey. Its markets are on Tujf- or Sole, and its bay is named S>»le- dayThurfday, and Saturday, It con- bav. In this bay was the great^a- tains five churches, is furrounded by fight between th.' Dutch admiral De vdls, is a corporation and county of it- Ruyter and James duke of York, m felf, and is a faftiionable place of refott which the viftjry was nidecided. for fea-bathing. It is 12 miles S of Southv^'old is 20 miles S of Yarmouth, Winchefter, and 75 WSW of Lon- and 104 SE of London. Lon. I 54. don. Lon. i 26 W, lat. 50 55 N. E, lat. 52 24 N. Southampton, the county of. Sovigny, a town of France, itt See Hampshire. the department of Rhone and Loire, Southend, New, a village of feated on the QMefne, 50 miles SE of [Effex, feated at the mouth of the Bourges, and 167 S of PaVis. I Thames, 44 miles E of London. Soutra Hill, the moft elevated Being the ncarefl: plice to the me- hill in the mountainous ridge of Lam- tropolis for fca.bathing, it is much mermuir, rathe N part of Berwick- rcforted to, and is rifin^ into confe. ihire. .^..*„. SPA Sovr, ar'vrrof Stafiordflilre, which r'^ts S of the I'lcnt, and running pa- raiJel wiih tha; river, joins it beJ-v/ 5r afford. Sfa, a town of Germa;.y; in the hi(h >piic of Lifgf, f.innous tor its li- n'.'ral water.:. VVhiit is cal!cd llu: Old Spa coofifts of miicrabie cott:iges, and ik properly notl>i-^g but the Abuib to the olhcr. 'I he hriul'es of tlie New Spa, about -^co in number, are all v/i^ody oid-failii.iiied, dark, and fmall. The inhabitaiils are en. ployed in ma- king toys for ftrjngers. This town wa. taken by the French in 170^' It is 17 miles SE of Liege. Lon. 5 j(o E, iat. 50 30 N. Spain, a kingdom of Europe} bounded on the N by the bay of Bil- cay, on the NE by the Pyrcners, which feparate il from France, on the £ and SE by the Mediterranean, on tho S by the ft.ai^s of Gibraltar, on the SW by the AlJ-ntic, on the W by Portugal, and ^a the NW by the Atlantic. It is 700 miles long and 500 broad. It .-.ontains the provinces of Old and New CaR'le, Andalufi', Anagotif Eftramadura, Gaiicia, Leon, Catalonia, Granada, Valencia, 6if- cay, the Afturias, Murcla, and Upper Navarre, fonne of which have been fe- parate kingdoms. The air is dry and lierene, except during the equlnod^ial rains, but exceflively hot, in the fouthcm provinces, in June, Jn'y» and Auguft'. The foil is very fertile j .but there are large trades oPuncultivnted ground. The produce of the country K wheat, barley, faffron, honey, filk, faltpetre, hemp, barrillas (a fpecies of pota is featcd near the mouth of ths Wei. land, and fio;n its neatncfs, and tne canals intheftreets, refembles a Dutch town. Much hemp and flax is grown in its neighbourhooi). aud fold in ];» market J and near it is the grcatJli heronry in England, the herons buiid- ing together, on high trees, like rooks. It is 20 miles N by E of Peterborri^h, and 300 N of London. L3n. il, lat. 52 45 N. Sfandaw, a llrong town of G:r. many, in the middle marche of Bran- denburg, with a fine forCrefs, which alfo fervesfora ftate prifon. Itisfeat* rd on the Havel, eight mites NW of j Berlin. Spanish-Town SeejACo, St.- Spaksholt, a viil.'ge in Betlc. j fhire, remarkable for lome very ancient monuments in the church. It is five miles W of Wantage. Spartel, Cape, a promontory I of Africa, at the entrance of the ftraits of Gibraltar, Lon. 5 56 W, | lat. 35 50 N. Spartivf.nto, Cape, a pro- montory of Naples, at the SE extre- [ mity of Calabria Ulteriore. Lon. 16 { 40 E, lat. 37 50 N. Spban. See Lochv, Loch. Specia, or Spezzia, a townofl Italy in the territory of Genoa, with a I good harbour, at the bottom of a gulf I of the fame name, 47 miles SE rf j Genoa* Lon. 9 37 C> la^* 44 i°^M -:;..,»IV»V«\R SPI SPR VciKtaa bjur, an ini of ihc 'UC. Itij le gulf of L'nico, aid '7 ••I'. irery ancient It is 6ve I promontory ^ce of the S S6W. :, a pro. SE extre. Lon< 1 6 I Loch. a town of Itoa, withJ 11 of a gulf jiiles SE ft" SpttLO} a town of Italy in Urn- Sj»ital, a town of Uj.pfr Carin* krij. Hac are the ruins of a theatre, thia, f'ated on the Lifer, near the and othtr remains of antiquity. It is Drave, 30 miles W of Clagcnfurt. felted on a hill, three miies NW of Spithfad, a famous road between fjlgni, and 13 N of Spoletto. Poitfmouth and the ifle vf W'ght, Spev. a river, which ilTues from a whc're the royal navy frequently ren- Iike in lavernefsfhirc, divides Mur- dczvaus. fjyfhire from Bantt'ihire for 20 miies, Spittli in thi Streit, a inJ eiiteri the German Ocean at i>pey- village in Lincoln/hire, 10 miles N of mouth. Lincoln. It was part of the Roman Spice Islands. See Moluc- caufcway, leading from London, by CAS. i^incoln, to the Humbci- ; great num- Spietz, a town of Swiflerland, in b?rs of Kome coins have been dug up the canton of Bern. It is frated on the here. Wfideof lake Thun, 20 miles S£ Sfitzbergen. See Green- ofBern. ' land. Spigelburg, a town of Germa- Splugen, a town of SwifTerland, ny, in tiie circle of Weflphalia, capi- in the country of the Grifons, near the ulof a county of the fame name. It fource of the Hinder Rhine, It is the is 12 miles SW of Hllde/beim. Lon. capital of the vailey of Rheinwaid, and 546 E, lat. 51 56 N. is 42 m les SW of C.>ire. Spign A, a town of Italy, in Mont. Spoletto, an ancient town of fcrrat, with a caille, 40 miles Sr. of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame Turin. n:ime, with a bifhop's fee. It was Spilemburgo, a town of Vene- formerly a large and populous place, tijnfrluli, 37 mJlesNWof Aquilcii, but, in 1703, fuffcred greatly by an anJ 47 N by E of Venice. earthquake. Here are the ruins of an Spilsby, a town in Lincolnfliire, amphitheatre, a triumphal arch, and Kith a ir;arket on Monday, 30 miles E an aquedud. It is feaCcd near the ofLiuccrfn, and 132 N by E of Lon- Teffino, 30 miles E of Or vie to, and ion. 55 N of Rome. Spire, a free imperial city of Ger- Spoletto, a duchy of Italy, many, capital of a bifhopric of the bounded on the N by Ancona and (ime nama. It was burnt by the Uibino, on the E by Naples, on the French in 1689; and, in 1693, the S by Sabina and the patrimony of imperial chamber, which was in this St. Peter, and on the W by Orvieto tity, was removed to Wetzlar. It was and Ferugino. It is 55 miles in length, uicen, in 1791, by the French, who and 40 in breadth, was formerly apart evacuated it the next year, but reen- of Umbria, and is now fubje^t to the itercdit in 1794. It is feated on the pops. Wfideof the Rhine, feven miles N Spree, a river of Bohemia, which of Fhilii-fburg. Lon. 8 32 E, lat. runs by Berlin, and falls into the Ha- Lj 19 N. vcl, oppofite Spaiidaw. Spire, a fertile biflioprlc of Ger- Springfield, a village of EflTex, my, in the c,rc!e ofthe Uppci Rhine, on a hill, one miie NE of Chelmsford. ;o miles in length, and 30 in b.eadth. Springfi c ld, a town in tlie (late It is divided into two parts by the of Maflachufets an.i county of Hamp- line. fliire, begun in 1636, by William SriREBACH, a town of Germany, Fyiichjn, cfq. whofe defcendants are the palatinate of the Rhine, on a living here. He named it from hit wrof the fame name, eight miles N native place in England, mentioned ia ifLandau. the preceding article. It is feated on Spirito-Santo, a feaportof Bra- Connedlicuc River, 96 miles W of . capital of a government ofthe f.ime BjIKih. 'He. ton. 41 o £| laC. ao 10 S. Sj-rottaw, a town of SiieHa, ia STA the duchy of G logaw, feated at the con • lluence of the Bober and Sprotta, ac^ milei SW of Gloga Sqjuilaci, a decayed town of Kaplrs, in Calabria Uiterlore, with a blAop's fee. It is feated on the FavC'- lone, 30 miles S by W of St. Sevcrino. Stablo> a town in tbe biibopric of Liege, with a celebrated abbey, whole abbot is a prince of the empire. It lias a manufadtory of leather, fent to foreign parts, and is feated on the Recht, nine miles S of Limburg. Stade, the principal town of the iuchy of Bremen, fubjefl to thtf king cf Great Britain as fovercign of that duchy ; Bremen, the capital, being a free im perial town. It is the feat of the re- gency and chief courts of julHce of the duchies of Bremen and Vcrden, and contains three churches. It is feated on the Swinge!, near its confluence with the Elbe, 22 miles W of Hamburg, and 45 NE of Bremen. Lon. 9 17 E, lilt. 53 36 N. Stafabda, a town of Piedmont, in the marquifateof Saluzzo, feated on the Po, with a rich abbey. It is fa- mous for a vidory gained by the French, in J690, over the duke of Savoy. Staffa, an ifland of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, a little to the W of Mull. I: is a mile long, and ha!f a mile broad. Its whole SW end is fup- ported by ranges of pillars, 50 feet high, (landing in natural colonnades, fome of them 60 feet thick. Here is slfo a cavern, called Fin-ma-coul, or Fingal's Cave, which extends 250 feet under ground. Its entrance is a natural arch, 100 feet high ; it isfup- porteJ 0:1 each fide by range;, of co- lumns j and is lijjhtcd from without, to that irs furtheft extremity may be feen. Stafford, a borough of Gtif- fordihirc, with a marljet on Saturday. It has two parilh churches, and a fine fqujre market-place, in which is a ihirehall, and under it the market- houfe. It is the county-town, and is feated on the Sow (over which is a ftone bridge j 41 miles NW of Lith- STA /5cld, and 135 NW of London. Lo,.| 2 o W, lat. 53 o N. STAProKOSHiRXjacountyofEnJ land, bounded on the W by Shiopftin on the NW by Chefliire, on the NE ji>_ E by Derbyrtiire, ontheSEbyWJ wickfhire, and on the S by Wo(J ceflerfhire. Its length is 55 inildj its extreme breadth not more than ; It lies in the diocefe of Lichfield Coventry J is divided into five hui] dreds} contains one city, 17 marlt^ towns, and 130 parilhes ; and ftni!| 10 members to parliament. The a is mild and wholcfomc, and the M good and rich : but there are minj cxtenfive heaths in this county, vM abound in coalpits, iron-mine;, tJ flone quarries. It is alfo famous fj] its potteries, and for its noble on nivigation. See Canal, ts| Grand Trunk. St AG IRA, a town of Macedonii on the gulf of Contefla, rcmarkali for being the birthplace of Arillol hence called the Stagirite. Itis^ named Lybanam Nova, and is 16 mi) from Contefla. Lon. 22 48 I,. 41 15 N. Stagno* a feaport of Ragu, Dalmatia, with a bifliop's fee. It feated on a peninfula, in the gulf J Venice, 30 miles NW of Rajoll Lon. 17 50 E, lat. 43 12 N. Stain, a town of Germany, j the circle cf Aulhia, f ated on Danube, over which is a toll biidd 65 miles W of Vienna. Staines, a town of MlddlffJ with a market on Friday. It isftJl on the Thames, over which is am gant ftone bridge, of three tip arches. At fome diftance abovM biilgc, at Coin Ditch, is the Loa Mark Stone, which is theancientl dary tothejurii.iidtionofth.-cityofL don on the Than)e£, and bears date of iz8o. Staines is 17 miiesj by S of London. Stalbridge. a town in Doff fliire, with a market on TuefJay. is remarkable for a manut'adoryj ftnckings ; and here is an aiicior.tcrt 22 tat hi^h. it is 20 miles N b)| .'.. /^j.*-/;. V'* ST A STA l«fDorchefter, and in W by S of I London. Stalimene. See Lemnos. Stamford, an ancient borough of iLincjInlbire, with two miikets, on I Monday and Fnd.iy. It is fcated on Ithe Welland, which is made navigable )h(nce. It his fix parilh churches, |ind had formerly a college, whofe ftu- tlcnts fcmoved to Brain* Note College, |in Oxford. It is a^ miles N of Hun- lingHon, and 96 N by W of London. lion, o 3 I W, lat. 5» 42 N. Stampalio, an iflaiul rf the Ar- khipeiago, 60 miles W ofRhod' s, pnd ^■j fiom the coad of Nalolia. It is ai- nalt uninhabited. Stanchio (the ancient Cos, the jiirthpi'iCL" of Hippocrates and Appcl'es) Vrrtlc ifland of the Archipelago, near K,: coall of Natolia, 12 mii'.'S NE of ■tiT.pa'io. The capital, which is of k; lame name, is feated at the foot of Imounta'n, at the bottom of a bay, pd nfar a good harbour. Standoj;, a town in'HertfordlTiire, |itli a marketon Friday, eight miles N f Hertford and a; of London. Stanemore, a dreary diftrlfl in lie E ;ingle of Weftmorland. Here is a jagp'.cnt of Rerecrofs, fet up as a pundary between England ar^d Scot- fld, when Cumberland belonged to I Litter. J Stanhope, a town of Durham, |i!i a market on Tuefday, 20 miles f of Duiham, and 264 N of London. [Stanley, a town in Gioucefter- [irc, with a market on Saturday, 1 2 esS of Gloucefler, and 104 W of bndon. IStanmore, Great, a village iMiddicfox, in which is a hill, from the of v.liich the inhibitants had been [igaccufbme'd t) fetch their wat;-r ; 11 1791, a well wr\s dug, ar.d Itsr found, at the deph of 150 feet. iihshiilis Stanmore C iminon, fo Ivaivl, that the ground fljorofour' town in Don^Bth? hjufes is faid to be on a ^evel on Tuel'J:^)' Bh;h:batLlcmcnt3(ifHai row Church, manufilt■^Bl f^mc Iii^^h trees are a landmark lis an ancientcuMin th: German Ocean. It is 10 20 inilss N b^eiNW of London. STAMMOftB,LlTTLZ.SeeWHl'r« CHURCH. Stanton, atown in Lincoln (hi re, with a market on Monday, 16 milei E of Lincoln, and 129 N of London. Stantz, atownofSwilfcrland, ca- pital of the canton of Underwalden. It is feated at the footof iheStanzberg, near the lake of Lucern, 29 miles S of Zu- ric. Lon. 8 22 E, lat. 46 51 N. Stargard, a town of Mecklen- burg Streiitz, in a diftrift of the fame nrme, 30 miles S of New Branden- burg. Stargaro, a town of Prufnan Pomerania, with a college. It has manufaftories of ferges, tammies, drug- gets, &c. and is feated on tlie Ihna, 18 miles SB of Stetin. Lon. 25 8 E, lat. 53 32 N. • ' Stabaia Russa, a townof Ruf- fiJ, in the government of Novogomd, feated on the Polifli, not far from lake Ilmen, 40 miles Sof Novogorod. Start Point, a promontory of Devonfhire, in the Englilh Channel, 14 miles S by W of Dartmouth. l.on. 3 51 W, lat. 50 9 N. Staten Island, an ifland of the Atlantic, which forms the county of Richmond, in the flate of New York. It is 18 miies in length, and fix in breadth, and contains up>- ward of 3000 inhabitants. Richmond, its on'y town of any note, is an inconfiderable place, nine miles SW of New York. Staten Land, a barren craggy ifland on the SE fide of the iflandis wh'ch form the ftraitsof Magellan, in ^5"' S lat. B?tween this ifland and Tierra del Fueg ) are the ftraits of Le Mai re. Stavanger, a feaport of Norway, in hi province of Bergen, capital of a territory of the fame name, with a bi» fliop's fee. It is feated on a peninfu- la, 7(5 miips S fif Rergjn. Lon. 645 E, lat. <;8 46 N. Staveren, an ancient feapnrt of th" Uiiic.'d Provinc'S, in Friefland, f rm-ily a coi-fiderable town, but no\* much decayed, the harbour being chok- ed up with fand. It is feated oo the STE STE ZuWcr-Zee, eight miles W of Slootcn. the Meufe, 24 miles N hy W of Vcr- Lon. 5 13E, lat. 52 54 N. dun. Staubbach, a celebrated catara£l Stendal, a town of Germany I of SwiOet'landy near Lauterbrunnen, in the marquifate cf Brandcnbur' in the canton of Bern. Itrufhesdown feated on the Ucht| 30 miles N qh a precipice 930 feet high with fuch Magdeburg, impetuofity, as to refolve itfeif into a Stenfort> a town of Germiny I fine fpray, which, viewed in lome par- in the county of Benthtim, feated oA ticular fituations, refembles a cloud of thcVecht, 16 miles NW or'Munfter. f duft. Hence it derives its name; the Stennis, a village of Scotland, in I word Staubbach^ in German, fignifying the ifland of Orkney. At this place,! a fpring of duft. The roaring noife it between Kirkwall and Stromnels, is! makes is accompanied by a tenipcn-, a curious biidge, or cqufcway, acrol'sl eccafioned by the violent agitation of a narrow neck of land, between two I the air, exceed by the rapidity of the lakes. At the end of this caulewr,! fall. The brook which forms this fome ftones of aftoniihing magnituai;,! torrent is named ihe Kupfer-Bachlein, and 20 feet high, have been eredted :[ or Rivulet of Copper. and there are many other huge raalR'sf Staunton, a town of Virginia, of ftone in the neighbouiliood, v«ryj on the river Potomac. iimi'ar to Stonehenge, on Salifljuiyj Steenbergen, a ftrong town of Plain. Dutch Biabant, in ihe maiquifnte of Stepney, a village E of London,! Bergen-op-Zi)oni. Ir. has a commu- and almoft contiguous to it. itspaii|ji| nioation with the Maefe, a.id is fcven wjs of Inch extent, and lb niuihinX miles N of Beigen-op-Zoom. creaffd in buildings, as to produce r!«l Steenkirk, a village of Auftrian paiiihes of St Mary, at Buw; S:J Hainault, famous for the vidtory ob- Mary, Whitechapel ; St. Aun, Liive.r tained over William III, in i6y2, by houlej St. George, Ratci'.ff HighwayJ the duke of Luxemburg. It is 15 Chrift-church, Spitalfields j and St.1 miles N of Mons, and 16 W of Bruf • Matthew, Bethnal Green ; yet it re| fels> mains one of the larged parilhes iJ Steenwyck, a town of the Unit- the bills of mortality, and containstlia ed Provinces, in Ovcryflel, feated on hamlets of Mile -End Old TomJ the Aa, 20 miles S£ of Slootcn. Mile-End New Town, Ratdiff, and| Stegeburg, a fcaport of Sweden, Poplar. in £ Gothland, feated on the Baltic, Sternberg, a towncfCerminyij aj miles S of Nikoping, and 82 SWof in the marquifate of; Brandenburg, joj Stockholm* Lon. 16 40 £, lat. 5S miles NEufFraiicfort upon Oder. 16 N. Stertzingen, a town of GerJ Stkin, a fmall independent town many, in the Tirol, fentcd at the t, of Swilferland, under the protection of of a mountain, on the Eyfoch, i the canton of Zuric. It is feated on miles from Brixen. the Rhine, where it ifiues fvom the Jakeof Conftance, 15 miles W of Con- itance. Lon. S 48 £, lat. 47 32 N. St E tin, a feaport, the capital ol PruHian Fomeranla, and ot' a duciif of the fame name, with a c<\ft!e. II canies on a confidtrablc tiaJc, and il Stexnhcin, a town of Germany, feated on the Oder, 72 rnilcs N c| in the eleftorate (if Mentz, feated on a Francfort, and 70 N by E of Bcili hill, near the Maine, nine miles from Lon. ij 3S E, lat. 53 35 N. Francfort. Stevenage, a townof UertforJj Steke, a town of Denmark, on (hire, 12 milfs NNW (f Heitloni| the N coaft ot the iflc of Mona. It is and 31 N by V/ of LoiiJi n. almnd funounded by a lake. Ste VEKWAERT,afoitn.fjofDiit(l Stenay, a fortified town of France, Guelderland, feated on I'lic Miik) t\ la the dcpai'tiaent of Meufe> feated en milet> N£ of MacHikht. InBafiLciia, fame liallojiis, Sfx. Stirii STI STO Stewart's Islands, five If- bnJi in the Pacific Ocean, dlfcovered by csptain Hunter in 1 79 1. Lon. ,63 18 E, lac. 8 26 S. Steynin"g, a borough of SufTexy ,;;h a market on Wednel'day, 15 miles Wot Lewes, and 51 S by W ot Lon- I w.« Steyrr, a town of Germany, in [ tk circle of Upper Auftria and quarter IcfTraun. It carries on a great trade in iron, and is feated at the confluence 1 ct'ihe Steyre and Ens, 20 miles SE of I Liiitz. Stii.igiano, a town of Naples, iinBafiLciia, famous for its bachs, and 1 feared nnar the Salandreila. Stilton, a village of Ilunt'rg- I donfliire, which gives name to a rich inddslicate I'/md of cheefc, faid, how- ever, not to be tha prodm^ of its nc'i^hbouriiood, but of Mfkon- Mow- bray in Leicf^ftprfhirc. It is 14 miles IsbyE of Stamford, and 75 N by E I of London. Stiria, a duchy of Germany, in |tl';eci,cle of Auftria, bou ided on the In by the archduchy of Auftrij, on the Ie by Hungary, on the S by Carniola, IjDii'on the W by Carinthia and Saltz- Ikiirg. It is 125 miles in length, and lljin breadth. Gratz is the capital. Stirling, the capital ofStiiling- Ifc, feated on the frith of Forth, loa a hill, which terminates abrupt- lly in a deep rock. On this rock Is an ancier.C caftle, often the re(i- pce of the kings of Scotland, and In which James VI fpent the whole kt'his minority, under (he tuition of puchiaan. la the lad rebclion, it fis fjcrcfsfiilly defended by general Blakeney. In the town and its ncigh- Murh(io.l are manufadlories of carpets, ojns, ki:. Stirling commands the jafs betw.en the N and S p,v t of Scot- m. It is 30 miles NW of Edin- «r»h. Lon. 4 59 W, lat. 56 6 M. Stiklincsmire, a county of |;ot!awl, b,)undi\l on the N and NE flV'uh!!»ire,on the E by the frith of ['.'ih, mi th; SE by Linlithgowfliirc, ithcS by !J.iiiib.i!lOnf}iirc, and on leWbyth't county and Loch Lo- mi, I: is 50 niilci in Icnn lu and in its greatefl breadth not more^an Stirum, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Berg, feated on the Roer, 12 miles N of DufTeldorf. Stochem, a town of Germany, in the biftjopric of Liege, feated on the Maefi, 12 miles N of Mapftricht, Stockak, a town of Suabia, ia the landgravate of NelL-nburg, feated on 3 river of the fame name, 12 miles from Conftance. Stockbriuge, a borouyh of Hampfhire, with a market on Thurf- day, nine miles NW of Wincheftcr, and 67 W by S of London. Stockholm, the capital of Swe- den, in a fttuation rcmati^able for its romantic fccnery. It occupies, btjfide two peninfulas, feven fmall rocky if- lands, fcattered in the Maeier, in the ftreaiTis which iflfue from that 1,'ke, and in a bay of the Bairic. A variety of contrafted and enchanting views are formed by numberlefs rocks of granite, rifmg bjld'y from the furfacc of the water, partly bare and partly craggy, and partly dotted with houfes, or fta- ther;'d with wood. The harbour is ati inlet of the Baltic ) the water of fuch depth, that fliips of the largcft burden can approach the quay. At the ex- tremity of the haibour, feveral ftrects rife one above another, in the foirn of an amphitheatre J and a magnifi- cent pabcc crowns the fummit. The geneiality of the buildings are of itone, or of brick (*-uccoed white. Stock- holm is 200 miles NE of Copenhagen and 900 of London. L')n. 18 9 E, lar. 59 20 N. Stockport, a town in Cheftire, with a market on Friday. It is one of the moft confiderable pl.ices in the kingdom for tlie nuiiufaftuie of cot- ton dud printed goods, and is feated on the Merfy, fix miles S of Man- cheftcr, and 175 NNW of London. Ljn.,a 18 W, hr. s^ 3s N. StocIv vok, a fliiuilhing town of Durliaru, w.li ,i market 0,1 V/cdnef- diy. It h?.w- is A (lon( nd fix fmall as the birth. 10 is buried] iW of War. indon. Mary's, i{ 1 has a liiare ire. Icisu id 57 NEof Y, an ancient bire, with a 1 feated on the ghway, called 8 two pjiitlil niles NW of I idon. vn of LanerkJ milton. It is I fertile traft, lame. ;of Perthflilif,! )theW. It it I the Gr.impl3n| S by the Oc lading tlicau^hj "ey of Kin. ineft ill Scfif.l lehaven, ei.| "ar as B;n Lo. to the NW by I "'nher.l ofl taices iiel ertile valley ofl )r giving namtl Scotch mufic.| nercin, andi:- bra;ed in Cor.j,j 3f Satherlmd. ,in extcr,™ flv'itereii byaj ; gives name, n of Cornw.l' lu'-'Way. It ii Cliaiinf!) \i lloii) «it«l "'I STR Stbaubing, a large town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, opitai of a territory of the fame name. It was taken, in 1743, by the Auf- trians, who rellored it in 1745- ^' '^ feated on the Danube, ii miks SE of lUtilbon, and 65 NE of Munich. Lon. 12 35 E, lat. 48 54 N. Streatham, a village of Surry, live miles S of London. A mineral water, of a cathartic quality, was oif- tovered in this pari fli, in 1660; it is felt in great quantities to fome of the hofpitals in London. Strelitz, OiD, a town of Geimany, in the duchy of Mccklen- ■^'jrg Strelitz. It had a palace, which ms burnt down in the night, in 1712; iukt Adolphus Frederic III, and his family, narrowly e£caping. It is feated ia a plain, almoft furrounded by mo- Inlfcs, 35 miles SW of New Branden- iburg. Stf.eutz, New, a town in the Idschy of Mecklenburg Strelitz, whith owes its origin to the deftrudion oi the ^Kal palace in Old Strelitz; in con- ft^uence of which, duke Adolphus I Frederic III, began to ered a magnifi- tent palace, two miles from the fite of the old one, at a place called Glienekc, which was before his hunting feat; Ld, in 1733, he founded anew town tijoining to the palace, and ordered it tu be called New Strelitz. It is regu- larly planned in the form of a ftar. IThe centre is a fpacious market-place, \ii\i thence a number of ftreets branch out in ftraight lines. The chief ftre.et lleads to the palace, and the next leads |toapleafant lake. Streng, or Strincues, atown of Sweden, in Sudermania, with a bilfcop's fee, and a college. It is feat- on lake Maeler, 30 miles W of Stockholm. Stroma, a fmall ifland, on the tJall of Caithnefsfliire, once ufed, aa a flace of interment, by the inhabitants ^ffeveralof the neighbouring iflands. Strombolo, the molt northern pf the Lipari Ill^rids. It is a volcano, "liichrifes in a conical form above the furface of the fea. Of all the volca- pes recorded in hlftory, it fecms to STU be the only one that inceflantly Hums. Etna and Tc-fuvius often lie quiet many months, and even years, with- out the leaft appearance of fire ; but Strombolo is ever at work, and, for ages paft, has been 1-^oked upon as the • great lighthoufe of the Mediterranean. Lon. I 5 45 E, lat. 30 o N. Stromness, a town on the W fide of the ifland of Orkney, with an excellent harbour, nine miies W of Kirkwall. Strcnberg, a town of Germany, in the bifhupric of M under, and capi- tal of a fmall dilhi^. It is 2z miles SE of Muniler. Lon. i 14 £, lat. 51 49 N. Strongoii, a town of Naples, iri Calabria Citcriore, with abirhop's fee. It is feated on a high rock, three miles from the fea, and feven N of St. Se- verino. Stronsa, an ifland of Scotland, one of ti>c Oikiiies, Nil of Mainhnd, Strsjud, a town cf Cloucefter- Aire, with a market en Friday. It is feated on a brook, the properties of which are faid to be peculiarly adapted to the dying of fcar'et. For this rea-. fon its banks are crowded witii the . houfes of clothiers; and a navigable, canal accompanies it to the Severn." This canal has been lately extended to. join the Thames. See Thames.) Stroud is 1 1 miles S£ of Glouccfler* and loz W by N of London, Stroud, a village of Kent, which* joins the N end of Rochefter bridge, being parted from than city by the Medwjy. Stulincen, a town of Suabia, fubje£l to the duke cf Furftenburg, with a caftle, 35 miles W of Con- fiance. Stulweissenburg, a ftrong town of Lower Hungary, capital of Ekekerfdegewar. It hi'.d the title of regnlis, or royal, becaufe formerly the kings were crowned and buried here. It has been fcveral times taken and re- taken by the Turks and imperialifls. It is feated on the Raafiza, 20 miies SW of Buda. Lon. 18 40 £, lat. 47 J9N. Sturminster, a town in Dor- Z3 i I SUD fetfliire, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated on the Stour, over which is a handfome ftonc bridgr. It is re- markable for the ruhis of a caflle, which was the feat of the W Saxon kings. It is 20 mu^'^ NE of Dor- cheiier, and iii W by S of London. Stutgard, a populous city of Suabia, capital o/tlieduthyof Wirtem- burg, Willi an ancient caftle, the ducal palace, an orphan-houfc, and a col- lege. It is leated near the Nrckar, 36 miles E of Baden, .aru 52 NE of Suaihurg. Lcn. 9 loE, lat. 48 50 N. Suabia, a circle of Germany, bounded on the Nby Franconia and the circle of the Lower Rhine, on the W by that circle and Alface, on the S by Swiilerland, and on the E by Bavaria. It contains the duchies of Wirtcmburg, the niargravate of Baden, the princi- pa'itiesot'Hoen-ZoUernj Oetlngen, and Mindelheim, the bishopries of Augf- burg, Conftancc, and Coire, with fe- veral abbies, and imperial towns. SuANEs, a poor and fimple people of Afia, who inhabit one of the four divifions of Imeritia. They fubfift by raiting cattle, and by a little agricul- ture, SuAQUAM, a decayed feaport of Turkey in Africa, in the country of Abex, feated on a fmall ifland of the fame name, on the W ficje of the Red Sea. It is the rcfidence of a Tutkifli governor under the bafliaw of Cairo. Lon. 37 55 E, lat. 19 56 N. SuBBiACO, a town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome, feated on the Teverone, 33 miles E of Rome. Success Bav, a bay of S Ame- rica, in Tii'rra M Fucgo. Lon. 65 25 W, lat. 54 49 S. Success, Cape, a cape of Ticrra del Fuego. Lon. 65 27 W, lat. 55 iS. SuDBURV, a borough of Suffolk, with a market on Saturday. It con- tains three ancient churches, and was one of the firft feats of the Flemings, who were brought over by Edward III, to teach the Englirti the art of manu- fadluring their own wool. Its trade is row diverted, in great part, into other channels. However, many kinds of sulf thin ftuffs are ftilJ made here, parfica. larly fays, bunting for navy colour?, and burial crapes. It Is leated on the Stour (which is navigable hence to Maningtree) 14 miles SE of St Ei. mundlbury, and 56 NE of London. SuDEHcopiNG, a town of Sweden, in E Gothland, 10 miles S of Noid- kioping, and ijo SW of Stockholm. SUDERMANIA, Or SuDERMAN. land, a province of Sweden Proper 62 miles in length, and 42 in breaddi, Nikoping is the iiipical. SuDOREE, one oftheFerroIflands, in the Northern Ocean ; remarkab!! for a dangerous wliirlpool near it, which is occafioned by a crater, 61 fathom deep in the centre, and between 50 and 5 5 at the fides. Tne danger, eipe. cially in ftorms, is very gieaf •. ftips are irreliftibly drawn in 5 the rudder lofej its power } and the waves beat as high as the mafts, fo that an efcape is aj. mod miraculous. Suez, a feaport of Egypt, at line N -nd of the W gulf of the Red Sea, called the gulf of Suez. This gulf ji I feparated from the Mediterranean, by an ifthmus, 125 miles over, which joins Afia to Africa. It is 65 milesE of Cairo. Lon. 32 45 E, lat. 30 2 N. Suffolk, a county of England, bounded on the W by Cambridgelhitt, on the N by Norfolk, on the S by Effex, and on the E by the Gerraan Ocean. It extends 58 miles frumE to W, and 28 from N to S. It lies in the diocefe of Norwich ; is divided] into 22 hundreds, containing aSn-.ar- ket-towns, and 575 pariihcs'} anil fends 16 members to parliament. The| air is clear and healihy ; the foil of vj. rious qualities, but, in general, fertile.! Its principal produce is butter ami cheefej but as the latter isonlyfup- plementary to the former, it has gsin-i ed, almoft proverbially, the chMflttl oftheworft in England. They liavel an excellent breed of draught lioifesij the farmers are opulent and fkiifuljl and this county, with rcfpeft to rji-l culture, is one of the moll thriving inl England. Ipfwich is the principal townjl but the afTizes arc held at Bury 5;.| Edmund's. ^froLK, a town of Virginia, on Ja-nes River. Si;g£lmessa, or Sigelmessa, a province of Africa, in Barbary, boundfd on the S by Tafiier, and on the N by Mount Atlas. It is iccJ miles in length } the capital is of the UTie name ; and the government is a rcp'jblic. Lon. 5 5 W, lat. 2940 i, SuLLV, a town of France, in the department of Loiiet, feated on the ioire, 20 miles SE of Orleans. SuLMONA, a town of Naples, in AbiuEzo Citeriore, remarkable for being the birthplace of Ovid. It is feat- ed on the Sora, 26mi]esSWofChieti. SuLTANiA, a confidcrabls town of Peifia, in Irac-Agemi, 50 miles NW ofC^lbin. SuLTSBACH, a town in the palati- rate of Bavaria, fubjeft to thf*. dnice of Neuburg-SultlVach, 10 miles NW cf Amberg, and 3* N of Ratllbon. SuLTZBURC, a town of Suabia, in thcmargravate ofBad^n-Duvlach, with ittne palace, eight miles S Wof Friburg. Sumatra, the moft weftern 0/ the Sunda Iflands. Its general direc- tion is nearly NW and S£. The e- (]B)tor divides it into almoft equal parts, thcone extremity being in j 33 N, and jthe other in 5 51' S lat. Acheen extremity, is in lon. feparated from Malac- by the ftraits of that name, and from Java by the ftraits of Sunda. It is 90U miles in length, and from joo to iijo in breadth. Mr. Marfden reprefentsthis ifland as furpalTed by few in the beautiful indulgences of nature. Achainof high mountains runs through its whole extent: theii altitude, though great, is not fufflcieiit to occalion their being covered with fnow during any part of the year. The heat of the air is far from being fo intcnfe as might be expcdled from a country oc- cupying the middle of the torrid zone } and it is more teniperate than many regions without thr tropics j the ther mometer, at the moft fuitry hour, about two into the afternoon, geiiei at lyfluftuating between 8z and 85 de giees. The wild beafts of Sumatra arc tigers, elephants, rhlnocerofes, bears, I luc uiucr in 5 I (lead, at its N 45 34 E. It is ; I ?a by the ftrait and moiiWes. The tigers prove to the iiihabitants, b^th ii their journies, and eventheirdomcfticoccupacion,mc»itde-' flrruftive enemies. The number of people annually f! lin by thefe rapacious tyrants of the woods, is almoft incre- dible. Whole vi lages hive been de« populated by them: yet, from aluper- ftitious prejudice, it is with difficulty they are prevailed upon, by a large re- ward which the India company ofi'^n, to ufe methods of deftroying them, till they have fuftiined fome particular m- jury in their own family or kindred. The alligators, Jikewife, frequently deftroy the people as they bathe in the river, according t*j their regular cuftom, sni which the perpetual evidence of the rifk attending it, cannot deter them from. A fuperftitious idea of their fandity, alfo, preferves them from moleftation. The other animals are buffaloes, a fmall kind cf horfcs, goats, hogs, d'cr, bullocks, and hog- deer; which laft is an animal fome- vi'hat larger than a rabbit, the head rcfembling that of a hog, and its (hanks and feet like thofc of the deer. The beioarftone found on this animal has been valued at ten times its wr igi t in gold ; it is of a dark brown colour, fmooth on the outfide, and thi^ coat being taken ofJ", it appears ftill darker, with ftrings running underneath the coat : it will fwim on the top of wa- ter} and when infufed in any liquid, it makes it extremely bitter: the vir- tues ufually attributed to this done atd cleanfing the ftomach, creating an ap- petite, and fweeteningthe blood. The coo-ow, or Sumatran pheafant, is a bird of uncommon beauty. They have ftorks of prodigious lize, parrots, dunghill fow's, ducks, the largeft cocks in the world, woodpigeons, dovep, and a great variety of fmall birds, diftinguilhed by vhe beauty of their colours. Of their reptiles, they have iizanis, flying lizards, and came- lions. The illand (warms with varie- ties of infefts. Rice is the only grain t they have fiigar canes, and moft of the fruits to be met with in other parts of the Eaft Indies. Indigo, Brafil wood, two fpQcics of the brrtad-fruit tice, Z4 SUN ' pepper, brnjamin) coffee, and cotton, are likewife the produce of this ifland, wliich aboumlsalfo with caHia, the cam- phiie trees (which conftitute the tim- ber in common ufe) the cabbage tree, lilk cotton tree, and a great variety of other valuable fpccics of wood. Coid, tin, iron, copper, and lead, are found here } the former as plentiful as in any part of Afia. Sulphur, ar- ienic, '-^d befs Wc : arc aifo produced ac Sumai J anr" have likewife edi- ble bi;.;-' :• The Ergiifii and Dutch L*v" !}6V "es on this ifland j the princi. ■• ., ihe former being Foit Marlboiuugh, i ; •'c SW coaft* The orginal native* oJ Sumatra are pagans ; but it is to be obferved, that when the Sumatrans, or any of the natives of the Eaftern Iflands, learn to read the Arabic character, and fub- init to circurr.cifion, they are faid to become Malays ; the term Malay being Underftood to mean Mujfulman. Mr. Marfden divides the inhabitants into Malays, Achenefe, Lampoons, Kejangs, and Battas. Of the latter, a defcription was firft given by Mr. Miller, fon of the celebrated botanift. * They live,' be fays * in the intf rior parts, called the Caffiacountiy. They differ from all the other inhabitants in langur.ge, manners, and cuftoms. They eat the prifoners whom tliey take in war, and hang up their fkulls, as trophies, in their houfes.' He ob- ferves, however, that human ile/h is eaten by them in terronm, and not as common food, though they prefer it to all others, and fpeak with rapture of th? foles of the feet and palms of the hands. See Acheen. Sum ERE IN, a town of Lower Hun- gary, fcated in the ifland of Schut, made by the Danube, i6 miles S of Prefturg. SuNART, a diftridlof Argylefliirc, in the pcnirifula at the NW end of that county. It is remarkable for numerous, but not very produ£live, veins of lead. SuNART, Loch, an inlet of the fea, in Argylefliire, which divides the ifland of Mall from the diftridt ofMorven. SvNBiTRY) a village of Middlcfex, SUN feated on the Thames, and containipg fome handfome villas, 17 nilJes WSW of London. S u K B u R V , a feaport of N America in the ftate of Gecrg' a, 34 miles S of Sal vannah. Lon. 81 15 W, lat. 35 3^^. SuNBURv, the county-tGwi) or Northumberland, in Pennfylvania,feat. ed below the jundlion of the E and W branches of the Suf.juehannah. Lon. 76 50 W, lat. 40 51 N. SuNMNG, a village in Berkfliire, fituate on the Thames, two miles NE of Reading. It was once an epjfco. pal fee, removed to Salifbury. Sunning Hill, a village of Berk. fliire, in Windfor Foreft, to the righ: I of the road from Egham to Bagftot. It is noted for medicinal wells, effica- cious in paralytic cafes. SuNDA Islands, iflands in th; Indian Ocean, near the ftraits of Sun. I da J the chief of them Borneo, Java, and Sumatra. SUNDERBVNDS, Or TheWooD!,! a traft of country, confifting of tiat part of the Delta of the Ganges, in Bengal, which borders on the fca. It I is compofed of a labyrinth of rivers and I creeks, all of which are fait, excepti thofe that immediately communicatel with the principal arm of the Ganee: In extent it is equal to Wales. ' i:ii| fo completely enveloped in wocds, aridj infefted with tigers,' fays major Ren-j nell, * that if any attempts h.ve evaj been made to clear it (as is reportr!l)| they have hitherto mlfcarried.' Hertl fait, in quantltit;s eq^al to the wholt| confumption of Bengal and its depen-I dencies, is made and tranfported \ equal facility. SUNDERBURG, a towH of Deii.l mark, in the ifland of Alfen, fealrfj on a (Irait, called Sundctburg-SounJ iz miles E of Flendlburg. Lon, ijI o E, lat. 54 51 N. SuNDERDoo, or Melundy, i fortified ifland and feaport of tlie Dtc^ can of Hiudooftan, on the Concan coal reduced by commodore James, in lyjij It is 10 miles NE of Vingoria R cki Sunderland, a feaport ofDurl ham, which, for the exportation! coal, 13 next in confci^uence, en 1 SUR SUR fiJe of the kingdom, to Newcaftle. Its port, at the mouth of rhe Were, will not admit very large Hiips; but velTels hence cin get out to Tea much niore readily than from the Tyne. The coal is brought dow»> the Were I from numerous pits near its banks. I Here are feveral glafshoufes } and there is an exportation of grindftoncs. It is 13 miles NE of Durham, and 264 K by W of London. Lon. i 14 W, jlat. 5456N. SuNOi, a province of Africa, in ICong"^, wlrich lies along the river IZ;ire. Its rivers rerdcr it extremely I fertile. The capital is of the fame hamp. Lon. 17 55 E, lat. 4 50 S. Sl'NDSWall, a feaport of Svvedk:n, llnih; divifion of Noiland, and province lofMcdelpadia, 11^5 m.les N of Stock- holm. Lon. 18 5 E, lar. 6z 45 N. SuNNEBURG, 3 flourifliir^^ tOAn lof Bfandcr.biirg, in the territory of ISteinburj;, with a caftle, ftatcd on the IDarta, 5 miles E of Berlin. Super I CR, a Ijkc of N America, Bo called fr.jni its being the iargeft on that continent, and according to the French charts it is 1500 milts in cir- lumference. Itcontalns many ifi.ir.ds j hvoof them vrry large, cfpoc'ally Hie lyaie, vviiich is 100 miles l;):g, and, In many places, 40 broad. 'J'lie Li- lians fupp.ife thele iflaiidi to be the Rlijence of fhe Great Spirit. Up- lard of 30 riversenter this lake, which round witii trout and fturgooi. l^rms afl'jft it as much as the) do h Atlantic. It difchirges its waters m thcSE corner, through the ftralis ISt. Maiie, into lake Huron. 1 SupiNo, an ancient town of Naples, jMolile, feated at the fjuiceofthe ti!::?.n, at the foot of the Appcn- In:;, 17 miles N by W of Bencvento, ISuRAMACA, a river ol Suiinam, in JAmeiica, which runs 150 miles from |to N, and enti-; s the Atlantic at Pa- '•■biro, the capit;)! o{ that colony. Slsat, a floiuifliiiig comrift Lidia jmp-,ny obtained polfcilion of Bombay, • picfiJciicy wf their affaiis on the coafl of Malabar was at Surat j where they had a faftory. Even after the prcfidency was transferred to Bombay, the faftory was continued. The Great Mogul had then an officer here, who was ftyled his admiral, and received a revenue called the tanka, of the an- _ nual value of three lacks of rupees, arifing from the lents of adjacent lands,, and the taxes levied at Surat. The tyranny of this officer toward the mer- chants, induced the Eaft India com- pany, in 1759, tofiiout an arn-ament,, which difpoflidird the admiral of the caflle ; and, foon after, the pofl'Lfiion of this Crtdle WJS canfirmed to thcix* by the court of Dcilii. Thcv obtain- ed, moreover, the appoir.tmc r.t ro the port of admir.1!. aiid were conrtitutcd leccivers of the ta'ika, by which thcie autlioiity in this plr.cc bicame luprerrc, Surat ']i 20 mih'S up the liver T.ipry^ * and 177 N of Bombay. Lon. 72 48 E, lar. 2 1 10 N. Surinam, a country of S Ame- rica, in GuijD.i. It extends 75 miles along the Sur.'m.ica, and nhnunds with fingiilar animali of different kinds j the toad, in particular, bfir:g icmaik- able for its enormo.s fize and ujily form. They have fugar, cotton, to- bacco, gums, indigo, a .d fruics. /I'ha Cipita! ib Paiamaiibo. SuRiNGiA, a cn.i.mrrcial town of J.ip.aii, ill the ifljnd of Niphm, capi- tal of a prr.vince of the (ame rjam?,. wi;li a c.;fl!e, where the crr'.perors for- meily rrTidtJ. Lon. 139 5 E, lat. ■y-j -^o N. Slrp. Y, a county of England,, bounded on the N by Middlefrx and 3 point of Buckinghamrtaire, on the E by Kent, on tiie S by SufiVx, and oa the W by Hampfliire a.'id Bfik?. Its gicateit length is 37 miles, and its brc.idch 27. It lies in th'.: dlocefe of Winchefter ; is divided i:.to J3 hun- dreds, contaiiiTng 11 market towns (including So .thwaik) and 140 pa- liflicsj and fends 14 mcnibcrs to parliaiTient. Ic is a healthy pieafant county 5 but the foil is vciy different in the extreme parts from that in the middle, whenco it has b'en compar.d to a coarfe cloth wivh a fine boidcr 4 I (, sus SUT Lon. 40 15 £,1 for the edge of the county, on all fideS} NE of Mofcow. has a rich foil } but it is far otherwife 56 26 N. in the heart of the county, where are SusquxHANNAH, a river of N wde tradls of fandy ground and barren America, which has its fourcein lake hea;h, and in fome places long ridges Otfego. It crofles three times the of hills. It produces corn, box-wood, line which divides the Aate of New walii.'.s, hops, and fuUers-earth. The York from Pennfylvania, and empties lent alTizes are held at Kingfton, and itfelf into the headof the bay of Chef). the fummcr aflizes at Guilford and peak. Croydon alternately. Sussex, a county of England, SuRZEE, a town of Swiflerland, in bounded on the N by Sutry, on the the canton or Lucern, feated near the NE and E by Kent, on the S by the 1 lake of Sennfach, five miles S of Englifli Channel, and on the W by j Lucern. Hampfliire. It is 70 miles in length, Sus, a river ^f Morocco, which and 28 in breadth, where broadeft, forms the S boundary of that empire. It lies in the diocefe of Chichefterj and enters the Atlantic at Mefla. contains one city, 16 market-towns, Like tiie > ile, its annual inundations and 142 parishes ; and fends 28 mem. enrich the (.ountiy. bers to parLament. The air ofthijl Sus, a province of Afiica, one of county is various : along the feadiortl the three ;;;iand divifionsof the empire it is thought aguiOi, but has amuilil of Morocco; bounded on the W by greater effect on ftrangers than on the I the AtUntic, on the N by Mount natives, who are generally very health. | Atks, ^n tie E by Gefula, and on fulj but upon the Downs it is ei. the S by ibe river Sus. It is a flat tremely fweet and healthy. The fsill country, abcurdingincorn,fugar-cane3, is likewife various; but, upon the I and dates. The inhabitants, who are whole, it is a fertile and plentiful j chiefly Bercbcrs, or ancient natives, county. It is particularly famous fori -are diftinguifl.ed by their indurtry; its wheatears, a f mall delicious bird,! and many cf tlem, who live in towns, of the fize of a lark, not much infe. become opulent, and are m.uch more rior to an ortolan, which is taken cnl polite than the natives of Fez and the SE Downs. Suflex is not diftin.[ More CO. In the mountaincus part guiflied for any manufactures, butthati they are entirely free, and are govern- cf gunpowder at Battel, and ofneeJltij cd by their own chiefs. at Chichefter ; which is the capital, SusA, a confiderable fcaport of the Su 8 ter, an ancient and cclebratjii,| kir. n i'.s uwaf r,jah, who pays an annual fuhrni) oil i6o,oool. to the Engii/h Eaft India | company. Tanjore, the capital of aprovincjl of the faiTie najne, on the coaft ot'j Coroman.Ul, f'ated on the Cauvrry,! 205 mik-s S by W of Madras. Loii.| yj 12 1", lat. 10 46 N. Tankia, or Tinkia-likc, aj town aiui fortrcfs of Thibet, at thel foot of Mount Langur, 275 iniics W| by S of Lunii. Tanna, a fertile 1(1 inJ inthel'a-l cific Ocean, one of the New rkbriiiis,! di TAPi tAft t of Ruflii, ;mment of ' the fame Lna, whicli ?ortugal, in : confluence lO miles K£ rn of Ncgro- nbla, where [O miles E of J, a decayed \\ it was once on the Gan- [)acca. Loii. )f the Friendly c Ocean, the eign and the J town of Get- le of Branden- fluence of the 14 miles NW , NEofMadge- of the king. alien by the and given as a Povtugal) on II of Erg- uO. i tic wotb i.lvfw tlie giv. ; N of Fez. 49 N. c ; on the coaft ppenvbgeof i\t an .(.T: 1 1 i'.s own I Miuil i'abfi'ly of I on which is a volcano* Lon* 169 41 with a cai^Ie, Seated on the ft.Kone« E, lat. 19 3» S, oppofite Beaucaire, with which it com- TanorE) a feaport on the coafl of municates by a bridge of boats. Ita Malabar. Lon. 75 50 £> lat. 10 55 commerce confifts in oil, brandy^ K, ftarch, and ftufts of coarfe Cilk. It is Tantallan., a ruinous caftle of 10 miles N of Aries, and 375 S by E Haddingtonfkire, two miles £ of N of Paris. Lon. 4 39 E, lat. 43 48 N. Berwick. It is feated on a high rock, Tarasconj a town of France, in waOied on three fides by the German the department of Arricge, feated on Ofcan. It was deftroycd by the the river Arriege, feven miles SE of covenanters in 1639. Foix. Taoo the moft fouthern ef the Tarazona, a town of Spain, In Friendly iflands, in the S Pacific Arragon, with a bifliop's fee, feated Ocean. partly on a rock, and partly in a plain^ Taormina, afeaportof Sicily, in on the Chiles, 140 miles NE of To- the Val di Demona, feated on a rock, ledo, and 127 N£ of Madrid. 88 miles S of MelTina. Tarbes, a populous town of Taoukaa, an ifland of the Paci- France, capital of the department of fie Ocean. Lon. 145 9 W, lat. 14 the Upper Pyrenees, with a biihop'3 p S. fee, an ancient cadic, and a college. Taploe, a village of Buckingham- It is feued on the Adour, 42 miles lire, feated on a hill on the Thames, SW of Auch, and 112 S by E of anddlftinguiflied by its majeftic wood- Bourdeaux, Lon. o 3 E, lat. 43 14 lands and hanJfome villas. It is one N. inile from Maidenhead, and 25 W by Tarborough, a town of N Caro- N of London. lina, feated on the Tar, 40 miles N W Tapty, a river of the Deccan of of Wafhington. Hindooftan, which fdils into the gulf Tarentesj a, a county of Savoy, ofCambay, 20 miles below Surat. a barren country, full of dreadful Tar,* or Pamlico, a river of N mountains. Moutier is the capital. Carolina, which flowing by Tarborough Targa, a town of Fez, feated on aiidWafhington,entersPamUcoSound, the Mediterranean, with a caftle, on 40 miles SE of the latter town. a rock. Lon. 4 56 W, lat. 35 20 N. Taranto, a feaport of Naples, Targorod, a town of Moldavia, in Terra d'Otranto, with an archbi< 50 miles SW of JafTy. Ihop's fee. It is feated on a penlnfula, Tariffa, a town of Spain, in »nd is defended by a (trongcaflle. The Andalufia, with a caftle, feated on an harbour is choked up, which has hurt eminence, on the ftraits of Gibraltar, |itvery much. This town gave name 17 miles WSW of Gibraltar. Lon. 5 jto the venomous fpidcrs called tarantu- 40 W, lat. 30 o N. flj Baft Infill ■on n talof aprovrce the coaft of I the Cauvc:;, Madras. Loa.| N. KKl A-LIKG, aj Thibet, at tie ,275 mias VII •ininrinlhel'»i ic New ritbnJ^S|| lias. It is 55 miles NW of Otranto, land 140 E by S of Naples. Lon. 17 1:9 £, lat. 40 35 N. Tasacalla, one of the princi- Ipal towns in the kingdom of Tafilet, Tarku, atovvnof Afia, capital of Dagheftan, feated on the W coaft of the Gafpian, ^2. miles SE of Tirki. Lon. 47 5 r, lat. 45 fo N. Tarn, a department of France, f.'itd o;i the Dras, 275 miles SW of inc'uding part of the late province of iTafilet. Lon. 6 3 W, lat. 27 40 N. Languedoc. It takes its name from a Tarare, a town of France, in river, which has its fource in the de- jthc department of Rhone and L lire, partment of Lozcie, and falls into the feated on the Tordlve, at the foot of Garonne, near MoiU'ic. Caftves is la mo'.iiUain of the fame name, 25 the capital. ilc3 from Lyons. Taro, or Borgo di-Val^di- Tarascon, an ancient and popu- Taro, a town of Italy, in the P.ir- loiis town of Fr.ince, in the depart- mcfan, capital of the territory of Val- ient of the Mouths of the Rhone, di-Taro, feated oix the Taro, 25 miles TAR SW of Pdrraa* Lon, jo 9 £| lat. 44 40 N. Tarodant, a town of Morocco, in the province of Sus, featednear the Atlantic, 120 miles S of Morocco. Lon. 8 10 W, Jat. 30 o N. Tar AG A, a town of Spain, in Ca- talonia, feated on a hill near the Cerve- ra» 15 miles from Lerida. Tarragona, a ftrong feaport of Spain, in Catalonia, with a bifliop*s fee, and a uiiiverficy. It was built by the Phoenicians, was very powerful in the time of the Romans, and has many noble monuments of antiquity. It is funouiided by walls built by the Moors, and is defended alfo by regu- lar works. It is not fo populous as it was formerly ; for though there is room for 20C0 hcufrs within the walls, there is not above 500. Itcarres^'on a great trade, and is Ceatcd on a hlil, on the Media rranean, 35 rril-s NE of Tor- tofa, and zzo K by N of Madrid. Lon. 1 13 E, IJt. 41 5 N. Tartary, a country of Afia, which, taken in its utmoft limits, reaches froiTi the Eaftern Ocean to the Cafpisn, and fromCoiea, China, Thi- bet, Hindoottan, and Perfia to Ruf- fia and Siberia. It lies between 5^ and 135" E Ion. and between 35 and 55° N Kit. b-ing 3600 miles in length, and 96 > in breadth; but in the nar- rowed part nut above 33'^ bioad. It miy be confidtred under two grand d' ifions; namely, Eadern and Weft • t; Tartary. The greateit part of the former ei.her beiongs to the emperor of China, is tributuy to him, or is under his protedlion and a very con- fiderable part of W (tern Tartary has been conquered by tlie Ruffiinf. Thefe vaft countries jnrlude all the middle part rf A fin, and are inhabited by Tar- tars of dlftlren'dt nnmin itionsaii j man- ners. Seethearticles AbkhaSjCircafTt I, Crimea, Cofinks, Gcoigja, Luerltia, Kilmucs, Kifti, Lefgiiis, Mantiihews, Mingrclia, Moguls, Ofli, bameycdc;;, Turcomans, Ufbecs, &c. Tart AS, a town of France, in the de;)artmenl of Landes. It is feat- ed;r,itj ofaii u interrujited navlgtiio-fremTat. ta to .'.T'ultan, Lahore, and Calhmcre, for \xi]\ is of near ico tons. Tatta ii 741 miles NW of Bombay- Lon.67| 37 E, lat. 24 50 N. Tattah, a town of Africa, inj the road from Morocco to Toinbuflou, 170 niiles £S£ of (if Morocco. Tattkrshall, a town of lie Cf.lnfliiie, wiih a market on FihIjJ-, It is feated ite.ir the confluei;ceol'tliej Banc with the Wilham, 20 nilesSEl of Lincoln, and 127 N uf Lnndun, Tavastcs, a town of Sweoiiil Flrlrind, capital of the prnvlrc^' oti T avail el.ind, featrd on a river whicllf falls into lake Wana, O2 iniics NEJ of Abo. Tauchet., a town of P'lind, iaj Pome! cilia, feated on Jic VttJ, Jij miles ^'W of Ciilm. s N£ of ! arid f». me of the mta Cruz, crly winds, loatf. Loiii ital of Boo* of Thibet, aiTa. Looi ■ Denmark, d) and At< f Italy, be. , trom wliich le poet Tdflo ^as oiii;iiiariy )ids ot Bcrga. vns it Lorn. d by the Vlf. moft atWanta. tain. a city of Hin. f the piuvinci )n a branch of litchtl River. .is very exten. leflini; manu. and cotton, and the limits ciicunr.lcribcd. inches, ;'dir.it tiio-.fromTat. ■and ('alhmcre, cms. Tattajj bay- Lon.67 of Africa, in I to Tombu£lou, [oroccot town of Lir. Iket on I'Vrfay, ]tifluei'.ceot'tl« , 20 nilesSE of Londiin, Lvn of Sweoiftl lie provirci.' oil I) n river wlvAj O2 miles NE| of P ^lind, iJl ihc Vcid, ;:| TAU Taverna» a town of Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore, feaced on the Co- ijca, 10 miles E of Nicaftro. Tavira, or Tavila, a town of f jtUj^ai, capital of Algarva, with one ot die beft harbours in the kingdom, defended by a fort. It is feated at the mouth of the Gilaon, between Cape Vincent and the ftraits of Gibraltar, 100 miles W by N of Cadiz. Lon, J46W, lat. 37 18 N. Tavistock, a large borough of Devonlhire, with a market on Satur- day, Ic was once famous for an abbey, now divided into tenements. It is fated on the Tavy (over which is a te bridge of five arches) 3s miles W by S of Exrter and 206 of Lon- im. Taunton, a town or N America, lin the ftate of Rhode Iflandt feated on |i river of the fame name, which is iuvigable hence, for fmall veffelsy to jrraganfct Bay. Taunton, a large and populous orough of Somerfetfliire, with two laikets, on Wednefday and Saturday, !id the ruins of a caitlc. It is feated in the Thone, which is navigable hence the Fari ct. It has been the principal It of the manufacture of coarfe wool- n goods. Large quantities of malt uur ate alfo font to Briilol for cx- irtation. It has two parifh churches, id is 31 miles N£ of Exeter, and oW by S of London. Lon. 317 ', laL 50 59 N. Taunton-Dkan, or the Vale |rTAUNTON, an extenfiye traft of d in Somerfctfbire, famous for its tility. jlAyREAU, an ifl? of France, in Ic department of Finifterte, at the puthof the river Morlaix, with a ftle, to defend the port of Morlaix. kn. 3 51 W, hi. 48 40 N. ITaurica, or Taurida. See Vmea. ITauris, a city of Perfia, capital jAderbeitzan, formerly the capital IPcrfia, It carries on a prodigious Hie in cotton, clrth, filks, brocades, |l).ins,iind ftiagreen leather. It is 95 pSEof Nakfivaii, and 320 NW TCH of Ifpahan. Lon. 47 50 £, -lat. 3S, 18 N. Taurus, a great chain of moun« tains in Afia, which begin in the E part of Little Caramania, and extend far into India. Tavy, ariverofDevonfhirc, which rifes in Dartmoor Foreft, and watering Taviftock, enters the harbour of Ha- mouze, above Plymouth. Taw, a river of Devonihire, which flows to Barnftaple, and joins the Tow- ridgs, at its mouth in the Briftol Channel. Tawy, a liver of Glamorgan (hire, which enters t!ie Briilol Channel, aC Swanfey Bay^ Tay, a river of Pcvthlhire, which flowing through Loch Tay, afterward waters Dunkeld and Perth, and join- ing the Earn, falls into the frith of Tay. Tay, Frith of, an arm of the fea, which divides Fifefiiire from the counties of Perth and Angus. Tay, Loch, a lake of Perth Hire,, through which flows the river Tay. It Is 15 niil;2S lung, and, in n.any parts, above one broad. On the j2th of September 1784, this lake was feen to ebb and flow fcvcral times in a quarter of an 1 our, when all at once the waters rufljed from E to W in op- pofite currents, fo as to form a ridge, leaving the channel dry to the diflrance of almoft 100 yards from its ufual boundary. When the oppofing waves met, they burfl witli a dafhing noife and much foam : the waters then flowed out at leafl five yards beyond their ordinary limits. The flux and reflux continued grachmlly decreafing for two liours. A fimilar motion was obfcr''cd fcveral days, but in a lefs de- gree. In this lake is a fmail tufted ifland, on which are the ruins of a priory. Tchang TCHA-Fou, 3 city of China, the capital of the S part of the province of Hou quang. It has one city of the fecond and 1 1 of the third dafs under its juiifdnSlion, and is feat- ed on a large river, which has a com- munication Nvlth an exteiifive lake^ •t ., \:^^ TCIf failed Tong-ting-hou, 625 miles S by W of Pekin. TcHANG-TCHKOu-rou, a city of China, in the province of Fo-kien. It is very confidcrable, on account of its trade with Emouy, Pong-hou, and Farmofa. TcHANG TE-Fou, One of the moft northern cities of Honan in Chi- na. It is remarkable for a filh, like a crocodile, the fat of which is of fuch a /ingular nature, that, when once kindled, it cannot be extinguiflied. TCHE-KIANG, a province of Clii- na, one of the moft confidcrable in that empire, in extent, richesy and population. It is bounded on the N and W by Kiang-nan, on the SW by Kiang fi, on the S by Fo-kien, and on the £ by the ocean. In this pro- vince, whole plains may be feen cover- ed with dwarf mulberry trees, pur- pofeiy checked in their growth ; and prodigious quantities of filkwor-ns ars bred here. Their filk ftufts, in which gold and fiiverare intermixed, are the moft beautiful in China. The tallow tree grows here, and they have excel- lent hams, and the fmall gold fifli,with which ponds are ftocked. TcHiRNiGor, a government of Ruflia, formerly a part of the Uk- raine. Its capital, of t*"* fame name, is feated on the Defne. TCHING-TOU-FOU, 3 rU} China, the capital of Se-ichwin, iot merly the refidenct f the tnipernr;, and one of the largeft and moft neauti- fnl cities in the empire ; but, in 1646, it was almoft entirely deflroved, during the civil wars that preceded the Jaft invafjon of the Tartars. Its diftrift contains fix cities of the fecond and 25 of the third clafs. TcHiN-KiANGFOU, 3 ftrong clty of China, in the province of Kiing- nan, the key of the empire on the fea- coaft. Its fituation and trade, and the beauty of its walls, give it a pieeminence over the other cities of the province ; but its jurifdidtion is confined to three cities of the third clafs. It is 25 miles E by N of Nari 'cing, '^CHiN-Tc.EOU-Fou, a city of ClsktUf in the province of Kiang nan, TEC (tifei neat- the cartal through which alf barks muft pafs in going from Sou- tcheou to Ki-.ig. Under it are (ivt i cities of the third clafs, in whicii a kind of earthen ware is prepared, high. iy valued by the Chinefe, who pretenJ, that the tea prepared in thefe vefTeljl acquires a fuperior quality; and theyf prefer this plaia earthenware to thtl moft elegant porcelain. TcHiN-TiNG Fou, a largf c'ty I of China, in the province of Pe-tchcli, Ita diftrift contains five cities of the I fecond and 27 of the third clafs j andf it is 1 10 miles S by W of Pekin. TcHi-TCHEou-Fou, a city ofl China, in the province of Kiang-nan, J It is feated on the river K: g, and! has under it fix cities of ux third! clafs. TCHONG-KING-FOU, a cky ofl China, one of the molt co'.nnf»etci,il!nj ths province of Se-tchuen. ^tlsfcat.j ed on a mountain, fmn '■'■ '■ f foroij of an amphitheatre, j' the -' JucnceJ of the Hiu-cha-kisiii, an^ '/jn-yit. kiang. Undf'i' if. ;ir« three ci us ofl the fecond and 11 of ;'; third cafi,| It is 637 r^les SW at i^Kij.. Tci' cicA», the;: ,-. \ northeral of the three ie^-u'm •.:';'.> f Eri.tfil Chinefr Tartary its c«jii.u, of tisj fame na.A-.'., is a rnodei;- city, bui.'tljfl the emperor of China, to I'ecure hi™ frontieis ag?inft the incurfions Oil ■tie RulliaiiS. It is 45c miles NEof* ■. 'jkin. Tebessa, an ancient town I'flhel kingd -m of Tunis, with feverai re.| mains of antiquity, feated at 'he foo of a mountain. I with a marlcet on Tucfd-iy, fcittd on the Temc, 15 miles W by N of Worcefter, and 1 30 NW of Lon- don. Ttnbv, a feaport of PembroLv.- &ire, with two markets, on V/tduef- day and Saturday, 10 miks E of Pembroke, and 233 W of London. Lon. 5 5 VV, lat. 51 42 N. Tench's Island, a well inhabi- ted iilar'' in the Pacific Ocean, tllf- covered ly lieutenant Ball, in 1790. It is two miles in circumference. Lon. 151 31 E, lat. i 39 S. Ten PA, a ftiong town of Pied- mont, capital of a county of the fame name. It is fsatcd on the Boga, 52 miles S of Turin. Lon. 7 45 E, Lit. 44 10 N. Tenedos, a celebrated ifland in the Archipelago, on the coaft of Na- toli.i, 10 miles from the ftiwits of Ga- lipoli. It is 10 miles in length, and 10 in bread(h, and its n-julcadiiic wine is the beft in all the Levant. Oa tlie E fide, is a large town, feated at the foot of a mTuntaii), with a fine harbour, commanded by a cattle. On the 5th of June 1794, after foroc fcere iJiocks of an earthquake, a fmall vol- canic illand was difcovereJ to have e- merged from the fea between Tene. dos and the Afiatic ihore. Teneriff, an ifland of AAIcj one of the Canaries, the moft confide- rab.'e of them for riches, tradr, anacx- tent. It lies \V of the Grand Canary, and is 45 miles in length, and 20 in breadth. It abounds in wine fruit, catcle, and game. Here is 3 mountain, cMed the Pike of Tenetiii' which may be (ttn 120 nr.ilesoff, in a clear day. Dr. Htberden has afcer- ta'iied its height to be 15,396 feet above the level of the fea. This illanii JF fubjedl: to earthquakes ; and, in 1704, one deftroyed feverai towns, and many thoufand people. The cli. mate is remarkably healthful, and j particularly adapted to afford relivfinj phthifical complaints. Lagunais thcca. pital. Lon. 16 18 W, lat. a8 2y N,| Teneru'-f, a town of Terra Fir- ma, in the government of St. Marthj,! feated on the river Madalera, jcoj miks from St. Martha. Lon. 74. W, lat. 9 47 N. - Tenez, a town of Algiers, ml the province of Tremefen, capital of j a diftridi of the fame name, with 31 ftrong fort J feated on the fioe of'jj incuncain, four miles from tlie fea.[ Lon. 1 o E, lat. 39 20 N. Te-ngan-fou, a rich, popuioiisl and commercial city of China, in the! province of Hou-quang, with fixci^ ties dependent on it. It is 200 mile) W by S of Nan king. Lon. 11221I E, lat. 31 o N. Teng-fonghien, a city o| China, under the jurifdifl-ion of Ko- nan-fou, in the province of Honai It is famous on account of the lowerj ercdted for an obfervatory by the cek brated altroiiomer Tcheou-kong, Ten-tcheou-fAu, a city Chiiia, in the province of Chang-tonji with a good port, and eight citi<;si its jinifdidlion. It is feated on the! fide of a peninfula of the Yellow StJ 200 miles SE of Pekin. Lon. il| 50 £, lat. 35 20 N. Te N N E s T A D T , a town of G ermanjj in Thuringia, near the rivers Seltsniei and Schambach, five miles from Erfiiij It; belongs to the eiedor of Saxony. IS n Tene- f Afiic), t cnnfiic- r, ana«. d Ciliary, , and 10 \n wine, Elere is a i lenetift", es off, in a has afcer- 5,396 feet This ifiwd ; and, in eral towns, . The cli. iithful, and 3rd relkf la I una is the ca. it. &8 19 N.I )i Terra Fir- 1 ' St. MartliJ, idilena, icol Lon. 74 15J Algiers, m en, capital of! name, with'l tlie iiQ2 of »| from ibe fej' N. [icli, populous,! China, in the with ftxcl^l t 13 200 milei Lon. iiiJll a city 01 [diftion of Hi Ice of Ho n; of the lov^'tti liy by the celj- jou-kong. lu, a city lofChang-toni eiy,ht cities Ifcjiedontk [he Yeliow S« L. Lon. '11 TER Tentirden, a town of Kent, wth amarketon Fiiday, 14 miles SW of Canterbury, and 56 E by S of Lon- don. Tepic, a town of New Spain, in the audience of Guadalajara, 500 miles NW of the city of Mexico. Teramo, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ulteriore, with a bilhop's fee, ftated at the confluence of the Viciola and Tordino, 10 miles NW of Atrl. Terasso, an ancient, but now al- niod ruined town of Curamania, with an archbiftiop's fee. Jt was formerly tailed Ta.fus, was the capita! of Ciii- tia, and is the birthplace of St. Paul. It is feated on the Mediterranean. Un. 35 55 E, lat. 37 10 N. Terasson, a town of France, in the department of Dordogne, feated on tit Vefere, 20 miles N of Sarlat. TiRCERA, one of the Azores, or Weilern lilands. Lon. 17 6 W, iat. jHsN. TERGA,an ancient town of Moroc- 1(0, feated on the Omnr.irabi, 25 miles m Azamor. TiEcoviSTO, orTERVis, a com- lercial town, capital of Walachla. It las a fine palace, belonging to the lywode, and is feated on the Jalo- iitz, 30 miles NW of Buclwreft. 11.15 26 E, lat. 45 45 N. Terki, a town of Ciicaflia, where prince ri.ljdes dependent on the Ruf- M, this being their frontier town a'nft Pcifia. It is feated on a river the fame name, one mile from the fpian, and 125 E of TcfBis. TiRMiNi, a town on the N coaft Sicily, in the Valdi-Demuna, wiih lltong caftle. It is famous for its neral waters, and has a fine aqueduft. is feated on 4he mouth of a riv( r the fame name, 20 milts SE of Fa- 10. Lon. 13 44 E, lat. 38 5 N. TlRMOLl, OrTERMINl, a towii of ip!es,i«theCapitanata, wichabiihop's f:ated near the fea, 32 miles SE IwnofGermJn]] Ijivers Seltenlej lilcs from iM L of Saxony. NE of Napk-s. 41 59 N, inciano, and 70 1520 E, bt. FtRNATE, the principal of the flucca Ifl.inds, in the p; nVllion c.f I Dutch. It lies a little t;) the W of |olo. Lon. 12^ o E, lat. 1 o N. TER TmNEUSE,aftrong town and fort of Dntch Flanders, on the W branch of the Scheld, called the Hondt. It is eight miles N of Sas-van-Ghent, and 25 WNW of Antwerp. It was taken by the French, in OAober 1794. Lon. 3 45 E, Jat. 51 20 N. Term, an ancient, but once more confiderable city of Italy, in the duchy of Spoletto, with a biihop's fee. The famous cataraft of the Velino is a mile from this city, which is feated on an ifland formed by the Neva, on which ac- count it was anciently called Jnteramna* It is the birthplace of Tacitus the hiftorian, and is 15 miles S by W of Spolttto, and 40 N of Rome. Ternova, an ancient town of Bulgaria, with an archbi (hop's fee. It was formerly the feat of the princes of Bulgaria, and is feated on a mountain, near the Jenera, 88 miles NW of A- drianople. Lon. 2C z £, lat. 43 i N. Terracina, an ancient town of Italy, in th'- Campagna of Ronw., with a bilfcop's fee. It is greatly de- cayed on account of its unwholefome air. It was formerly called Anxur, and was facred to Jupiter, whom Virgil hence calls Jupiter Anxurus. It is feated near the fea, on the fide of a mountain, 46 miles SE of Rome. Terra del Fueco. See Ti- XRRA nXL FUEGO. Terra Di Lavoro. See Lavo- RO. Terra Firma, or Tierra FiRME, a kingdom of S America, bounded on the N by the Caribbean Sea, vr\ the NE by the Atlantic, on the SE by Guiana and Amazonia, on the S by the new kingdom of Grana- d.i, and on the W by the Pacific Ocean, and by the iffhmus of Darien, which feparates it from N America. Its length, from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic is upward of 1300 miles: its grcateft breadth is 750 j but, in fome pKices, toward the Oro- noko, not above 180. It is divided into the following provinces: Tena Firma Proper, or Dsricn, drtlnge- na, St. Martha, Rio de la H;tchj, Venezuela, Caraccas, Cumana, and Patia, or New Andalufia. 1 he whole TES •ountry Is now fubjeft to the -Viceroy of the new kingdom of Granada, who xefides at Santa Fe de Bogota. TxERA FiKMA PaoFEK. See Pahien. Terra NvovA, an ancient feaport on the £ coaft of Sardinia, at the bottom of a gulf of the fame name. Lon. 9 35 £, lat. 41 3 N. TerridoN) Loch, an inlet of the lea, on the W coaft of Rofsihire) be- tween Gairloch and Applecrofs. TerrinG) a town of Suflex, with a market on Saturday, 24 miles £ of Chichefter, and 53 SW of London. Txrrouen, a town of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais and late province of Artois, feated on the Lis, fix miles S of St. Omer. Terr u XL, a confidcrable town of Spain, in Arragon, with a bi/hop's fee. It is feated at the confluence of the Guadalquiver and Alhambra, 75 miiQS SW of Saragofla, and iiz £ of Madrid. Terverz, or Veire, a feaport of the United Provinces, in Zealand, on the NE coaft of the ifleof Waiche- ren, with a fine arfenal, four miles HE of Middieburg. Lon. 3 42 £, lat. 51 36 N. Tesch^n, the capital of a duchy •f the fame name, in that part of Up- per Silefia, fubjeft to the houfe of Auflria. It was taken by the Pruffi- *ns in 1757, but reltored in 1763. It is feated near the fource of the Vif« tula. The inhabitants make pretty good fire arms, and brew exceJiciit beer. A treaty of peace was conclu- ded here, in 1779, between the em- peror Jofeph II, and Frederic III, king of Pruflia. It is 27 miles SE of Troppaw, and 65 SW of Cracow. Lon. 18 17 E, lat. 49 5a N. Tesegdelt a town of Morocco Proper, feaced at the mouth of the Tichubit, aco miles W of M'irocca. Iesino, a liver of Swiflerland, which has its fource in Mount St. Gothard, runs through the couiitry of the Gri'ons and lake Mag;jiorc ; and then flowing through part vi the Miia- nefe, it waihcs Pavia, and fallsinlothe Po. TEW Test, or Tese, a river of Hants, which waters Stockbridge a. id Rumlev and falls into the bay of Southampton.' TxTBURY, a town of Gloucefteri fliire, with a good market on Wednef. day, for com, cattle, cheefe, malt, and wool. It is 25 miles ENE 0/ Briftol, and 99 W of London. TxTiCAco, a lake of Peru, in ths audience of Lima and province of Cal. lao, above 200 miles in circumferencsj TxTUAN, an ancient town of A. frica, in the kingdom of Fez, feattdj on the river Cus, three miles fromtii Mediterranean, 21 S of Ceuta, ant 108 NbyWofFc*. Lon. 5a6W, lat. 35 27 N. Teveronx, ariver of Italy, whic. rifes in the Appennlnes, 50 milti above Tivoli, near which it rul down a lofty precipice t the noife its falls refounds through the grovn Tivoli J a liquid cloud arifes fromd; foaming water, which afterward dividi into numberlefs fmall cafcades, am having gained the plain, flows quieiJ on till it joins the Tiber. An elegu temple, dedicated to the fibyl Alba nea, is feated on a point of the rnoun tain, fronting the grand cafcade. Teviot, a river of RoxburghUi which pafling almoft through thecen of that county, unites with the Twei near Kelfo. Teviotdale. SeeRoxBugc SHIRE. Teurart, an ancient town the kingdom of Fez, feated on mcuiitairi near the river Za. Teusera, an ancient town Eileduigerid. It is divided into parts by a river, and ftands on confines of Tunis. Lon. 10 j6 lat. 31 28 N. Iewkesburv, a borough Gloucefterlhire, with two markets, Weilnefday and Saturday. It !: manutattory of cotton ilockiii^s here are the ruins of a mo .silcn. was formerly Kimous for the tr,uli balls made here, and fent t "H parts ; to which Shakfpeare ;ilii;dei his fcc;;nd part of Hvnry IV. Fii in. 147 1, Edward IV gained a' five viftory over the Lancarti Tfwkeibury is j oftheSevernan Cloucefter, and ion. Texel, a 1 Provinces, in mouth of the ! /Irong fort. Jt j which is feparate( hy i narrow cha; pa/smoil of the ilerdam. Lon. ^ Tlyn, a tOM longing to the ar 52 miles SW of t TizAR, an a kingdom of Fezt rince of Cuzi, w than that of Fez circumference. I) 45 miles E of Fe k33 4oN. Tizcuco, a tc ieated on the Jake ( from the city of Cortez cnufed a can y built j8 brigan the (iege of Mexi ^'1 'at. 20 5 N. .Tezela, an an |i"5, in the kinec "itli a caftJe, , ton. 25 E, Jat. Tezote, a tow o'fez, feated on .. «ib.'it miles from Mf ^^', lac. 44 ^o N. Thame si the fi Eiitain, which takes IfMs fpring, calJed ['«on-.i;esSWofCii '«! erroneoufly fajd "S) till it arrives at P°"ig joined by the "affumes the name ^^wbiriation, it '■i-^'is. Poetical „ !"=J to perpetuate •^'nrfen hys, that i f'nhiftory, andfevt ifs, that the river v i^mes or Tems, ^e J Thnn^e; and th J"e undtT the nair '"'"nesfirft begins to is TH A THA ;r of Hants, id Rumley, I luthampton. | Glouceftei. on Wednei. leefe, milt,| ies £N£ ofl kdoni Petu, in the vince of Cal.l rcumferenccJ ; town of A.r F Fez, f»tcd| mlesfromtheT f Ceuta, ul jon, sa6WJ >f Italy, whlclj les, 50 mila hich it ruH t the noife 1 h thcgrovtso arifes fromtlJ fterward divliel cafcades, ani 1, flows quietlj ;r. An elegui |hc fibyl Aibal t of the mouaf id cafcade. ^oxburghihid ouj^hthecenn with the T«kJ Tfwkefbury is feated at the confluence at L^chlade ! being there joined by the ottheScvernand Avon, 10 miles N of Lech and Coin, at the diftance of i8| Gloucefter, and 102 WNW of Lon- miles from London, it becomes naviga- ion. , b|e for vcflels of 90 tons. At Oxford Tex EL, a feaport of the Uiuted (in whofe academic groves its poetical Provinces, in N Holland, at the name of Ifis has been fo often invoiced) mouth of the Zuider-Zee, with a it is joined b/ the Charwell, and pro- Arong fort. It is feated in an \ti:\nd, ceeding to Abingdon, and thence to which is feparated from the continent, Dorchcfter, it receives the Tame, by a narrow channel, through which Faffing by Wallingford to Reading, pafs moft of the fliips bound to Am- and forming a boundary to the counties (lerdam. Lon. 4 51 E, lat. 53 8 N. of Berks, Buclts, Surry, and Middle- Tevn, a town of Bohemia, be- iex, it waters Henley, Marlow, Mai- longing to the archbifljop of Prague, denhead, Windfor, Staines, Chertley, jj miles SW of that city. Kingfton, and Brentford, in its courfe to Tezar, an ancient town of the London j during which it receives the kingdom of Fez, capital of the pro- Kennet, Loddon, Coin, Wey, Mole, »ince of Cuzi, with a mofque larger than that of Fez, being half a mile in circumference. It is feated on a river, 45 miles E of Fez. Lon. 4 15 W, lat. 33 40 N. Tezcuco, a town of New Spain, and Wandle. From London, th river proceeds to Greenwich, Woolwich, Grays -Thurrock, Gravefend, and Leigh, into the German Ocean : in which courfe it parts ElTex from Kent, and receives the Lea, Rodmg, Darenr, ftated on the lake of Mexico, 15 miles and Medway. Though the Thames is from the city of that name. Here faid to be navigable 138 miles above Ctirtez caufed a canal to be dug, where London Bridge, there are fo iriany flats. I he built 18 brigantines, to carry on the fiege of Mexico, Lon, 100 20 |W, lat. 20 5 N. Tezela, an ancient town of Al- I {iers, in the kingdom of Tremefen, hvitli a caftle, 15 miles from Oran, [Lon. 25 E, lat. 35 25 N. Tezote, a town of the kingdom that, in fummer, the navigation weft- ward would be entirely flopped, were it not for a number of locks : but there is no lock from London Bridge to Bol- ter's Lock, which is 52 miles above that bridge. The plan of new cuts has been adopted, in fome places, to fliorten and facilitate the navigation : seRoXBURC^Bof Fez, feated on the point of a rock, there is one near Lechlade, and another. ncient town feated en I er Za. icient town ,ivided into I flands on ^on. 10 1^ a bovough Irday. 1^ ' In itockiu^' [for tlie tnuS lid lent t tfresre •.■ln'.iiei) ,n.y IV. li« gained i\ lie l3X\zM Iti^ht miles from MelilJa. Lion, i 55 |W, lut. 44 40 N. Thames^ the finefl river in Great iiitain, which takes its rife from a co- if aus fpring, called Thames Head, ItMorTiiles SW of Cirencefler. It has ;e:i erroneoufly faid, that its name is Biis, till it arrives at Dorchefler, when, Vmg joined by the Thame or Tame, ftaffuraes the name of Thames, from combination, it is faid, of Thame |!lu Ills. Poetical fiction has contri- lii- sJ to perpetuate this error : but Umden fiys, that it plainly appears pomhiftory, and feveral ancient writ- ings, that the river was always called Thames or Terns, before it came near lie Thsn-'e; and :hac it occurs no here under the name of Ifis. The ihames firfl begins to be confiderablc a mile from Abingdon. A flill more important undertaking was eftedted in 1789 ; the junction of this river with the Severn. A canal had been made, from the Severn to Wall-bridge, near Stroud. A new cannl now afcends by Stroud, through the Vale of Chalford, to the height of 343 leet, by 28 locks, and thence to the entrance of a tunnel near Sappertjn, a diftance of near eight miles } which tunnel, extending under Sappcrton Hill and piicofevirl Bathurft's grounds, two miles an^ three furlongs, can navignte barges of 70 tons. The can.il, defcending hence 134 f\et, by 14 locks, joins the Thames at Lechlade, a difVance of above 20 miles. The length of the whole canal, from the Severn to the Thames, is more than 30 miles. A THE communication with the Trent and Merfcy has llkewifc been effefted, by a canal from Oxford to Coventry ; and an a£l of parliament has pafTcd, to ex- tend another canal from this, at Braunfton, to the Thames at Brent- ford. This is to be called the Grand Junction Canal. The tide flows up the Thames as high as Kingfton, which, following the winding of the river, is 70 miles from the ocean ; a greater diilance than the tide is carried by any ether river in Europe. The water is ' esteemed extremely wholefome, and fir for ufe in very long voyages, c'uring which it will work itfclf perfeflly ■fine. THAMts, a river of N America, in the ftate of Conneflicut. It is com- pofed of two principal branches, the Shetucket on the E, and the Norwich, or Little River, on the W. This laft, about a mile frcm its jundlion with the S^hetucket, at Norwich, has a romantic catara ^ hencj called the « Antiquities ot Camaclc and Luxor.* Thebes. See Thjve. Theobalds, a village of Hcrt. fordfliire, i;i the parifh of Chefliunt,! once famous for tlic palace and [MiJcns [ of James I, the fmall renuir.s gf| which w^r'! demoliflied in 1765, Theobalds is it miles N of London. Theodosia. See Caffa. Thermia, a fertile ifland of thsl Archipelago, S of the ' land of Zia,| and near the gulf of Engia, la milesf in length, and five in breadth. Thjj principal town, of the fame name, ill the refidence f)f a Greek billiop. LonJ 24 59 E, lat. 37 31 N. Thessaly. SccJanna. Th e t r or d, a borough in NorfolkJ with a market on Saturday. It id feated on the Little Oufe. The Lena aflizes for the county are kept htrt.! It has three churches, a goid fretJ fchool, and a fownhall. The tiverJ which here divides Suffolk from Norl folk, is navigable from Lynn ; anJ a good deal of wool-comb'ng is canitij on here. It formerly had upward 40 churches, and was a bi/hop'sfeej but it was dcltroycd in the timeoftlij Danes. Ic Is 30 miles SSE of LynnJ and 80 NE of London. Lon. jl E, lat. 52 28 N. Theux, a village, neir Spj, the bilhopric of Liege, where th] French obtained a viftory over Auftrians, in 1794. Thibet, or Great Thibktu country of Afia, bounded on the N\| .'i.'id N by th; defert of Kobi, inTsJ tjry, on the E by China, on the St Adam and Burmah, and on the a-d SW by Hindooflan and Bootlj It lies befween 8r and ici" E and 25 and 40° N lat. Its Icn.tl from E to W, cannot be lefs liian Kij [ »"7 qu,ts a crazy 'f another y^un '"■^ilc^vered jgji, J^'C.Vd, by certain 'y 'J": la.-.i.is or r/'s always appea,,. f^ I'^'a was an i„f| 'lilc-ivered fomc- f "^■' -!>.w Jaraa, wiio, robbert ly name of a was celebra- ; and there lams of an- named Car* ou> are feat> h ai ' henc! of Cimack igc of Hcit- of CheQiunt, ;cand jtuJcnsI il renuins ttf| i in 17651 { of Londoa. [Jaffa. I ifland of tkl ■..land of Zia,| igia, la ml«| breadth. Thej fame namt) i«| ;k bifliop. l/)n.| ANNA. lugh in NorfolkJ iturday. It is ife. The Lenll are kept htrtJ Is, a go'd frft-l ,11. The livciJ fflolk from NoJ am Lynn Itr.b'.nsiscanitl 1 had up^iTil ol a bifliop's fctj the time of *l IsSSE ofLyinj . Lon. 5( r, ne^t Sp3) il Ige, wheie tl Ijaory over Iat ThibiTi Idcd on the N' If K-obi, inT lina, en the S land on the Ian and B<»tli Id icz" E ' Il3t. Its If": lie kfs I*"" " iri^'s; its breadth, very unequal. It ij JiwdcJ int) three puts, Upper, MJiile, and Lower Thibet. The U",>erlies towjrd the fourcfs of the Cmgri and BurnmpontT} the M'.d- It? IS that i'l which L.'fi"i, the caj>i- [ti!, is Iitii3te; and the Lhw^t, that K'licli bnd rs On China. Llnl-' Thi- |t>: is fitu.Ke between Upprr Thibt-t IrJ Ciih^ur, Hot mupr Rcnre'l, It'.o CO ilidt'rs the geography of' the ln'iVe oiintry as very obt'^uro, is un- ite tiin 'vhnhcr L-ttle Tiiibet is fub- k1 tn L-ida or not. Cunfuiering the |»',-y lieril (hte ot' ThbeC, and the [(■'Cri'y "firs c'lnnte, frani its won- Iftu' cl^vat on, it is a.'trjnil'hing, tlie liircjuiti HIS writer I. bferv.-s, to fiij |ifi!iih.5bi'ant3 in a h'gh (1 it-.- of civi . i:.:r',y 1 ; their houi^s l>'"ty, ari;i built 1( i''iic ; a'lJ the ufcful manur.iChirfS mijnie d.-^rce of improvrrncit. T li? V.btti'n.- are i^ovcrncJ by the <;rand mi, \»!i> is not only riibir;i'.ted to, ia.'o.i-, by thc:n, but is- aifo the |.'a: rbjf^l if adr- "ion for thi vaiious bi cf pigan Tartars, who rove fKUj'i ths vil tv..i^ of continent linen ftr<;;ch':s from the briki of the i^ato Corca. He is not only the ti-^i^n ponti/F, the v.cigcrent of :!D:i'.y(.n enih, but ly the more trtc Tartars is abfa'utily regarded tiie Uiity himftlf. Eveiy vf-ar heme from different pa. to to wir- ip, and mal;c ricli offer i;!^'i at iiis Iri;!". Ev»f n the emperor c r' Cliina, oC :\ T.irrar race, doi-s not fail u.linj.vit Jge th? lam.i, in his reli- cs capacity, ailhcuigh, a-i a tLmpovrfl s.'ci^n, the lama hinilelt'is tribu'ary [tbc f nfiperor. The op'nion of the 'lortli j jx Thibctians is, that 'vhcn I'ind lami feems to die, either of •^L' or iiiiirniliy, his f-ul, in rea- ', oniy quits a crazy hablcati.in, to for another younger or better ; t Is dilovmed again in l!ie body |'Ti.r ch d, by certain tokens known t; the la.'.ias or prieiis, in wliicli :t lie al-Afjys appeals. In 1774, the U liaia was an infant, who had difcovered fome t'me bifne by tsycihao Jama, who, in authority THI a n-1 -finality of charafler, is next tp the graui lama, and, during his mi- nority, pits as chief. The lamat, wh ) firm the molt numerous,' as wtil as tiic moft powerful body in the ftate, have "the priefthood entirely in their hands; and, moreover, they fill u,» many monadic orders, which are hold ki great veneration ami^ng them. The refrdcnce of the grand lama is at Pa- tolia, a vaft pa'ace, on a mountain, near the banks of the Burrampnotcr, feven miles from LaHia. In 1774, th? F.ngli/h Eaft India company made a treaty witli the lama. Befide his re- lijio-a'; authn/ity, the grand lama is p-j'Tclil-d of u'-ilimitcd power through- out his dominions. Thiel, orTiEL, a ftrong town of Dutch Gj( IJ-iland, featcdonthe Waa', 13 miles W of Nimeguen. It was taken by the Fri^nch, in D. c. 1 794. Thifi.t, a town of Auftrian Flan- ders, in --he chatellany of Courtray, 10 miles N of Courtray. Thiers, a p-ipuloustown of France, in the dep.'.rtmcTjt of Fuy de Dome, It ij fimo'is t'or it'j ilatu?.ry, hardware, and cut'cry ; and is feated at the fiJe of a !,I'i, 2,2 mil'-s E of Clermont, and 220 S by E of Faris. TiijoNviLLE, a ftrong town of Fiance, in the department of Mofelle. It was taken by the prince t.f Condc, in 164-]. The Auftrians bomba;ded it, in 1792, but were obliged to raifa th2 fiege. h. is fiatt'd on the Mofelle, over wh'ch is a fortified bridge, 14 miles N of Mcnlz, and 195 NE of Pari?. TuiRSii, a borough in the N tid- ing of Yorklhire, with a market on Monday, 20 miles NW cf York, and 230 N by VV of London. 'Ihive, or Tut RES, an ancient and celebrated, but now decayed city of Livadia ; with a bllh^p's fee. It is four miles in circumfen-ncc, but fo full of ruins, that there ate not above 4:00 Tu.ks and Chriftians in it. It is fapiicus for a ti ;e lort cf wiite clay, of which bawls for p;pc$ are n.a e after the Turkiih f .(hi 'n. Thsy rre never burnt, but dry naturally, and become A a ' . ' ... IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 'i IM Eg ^ 1^ 1112.2 I.I i^ lis ilM i.8 1.25 U IIIIII.6 /. 1/ M'iL fliotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14SB0 (716) 872-4503 THO T H U jisliaid as (lone. It U/eflted between ifwo rivers, 20 miles NW of Athens, and 180 SW ».f Conftantinople. Thoissel, a confiJerable town of jF ranee, in the depjjtment of A in, ■/eated near ■the Saont and Chalcronc, JO miles N of Ticvoax, and 200 SE' of Paris. Thoma, St. a fertile, but un- >who!efornc iflind of Africa, lying under the equator, in 8^ E Jon. Jt was ^ifcovered in 1429, and belongs to the Poituguefe. It is almoft round, ^nd is about 30 nriiies in diameter. It produces plenty o£ fugar- canes. Thomas, St. a town or> the coaft )f Ciromandcl, wi^h an aichbifhop's lee. It is fubjfil to the Portuguele, ;ind is three miles S of Madras. Lon. ,'So 2; £, lat. 13 2 N. Thomas, Sx- a town of S Ame- rica, in Guiana, feated -on the l)ro roko, and fubjedl tu Spain. In 1618, it was taken aad burnt by fir Wslter Raieigli Lon. 63 30 W, lar. 7 6 N. Thoma^s, St. ore (>f th? Virgin Jflands, to the E of Pono Rico, with a harbour, a town, ^nd a foit. Alter ihe capture ot Sc. Eu htia, in lySi, it beciine the ni u t ot that part of ihc Welt Iiioies. h is 15 miles in c;r- Xu.rife.enci-, and be! >ngb to the Danes. i.on. 64 51 W, lat. 18 21 N. Thomond, a ciunty of Ireljind, fiC.l') ciie,i Clare, wii ch Ux: Thonon, a town 6f 8av(>y, capital .of Ch.bli's, liaied on the lake of Geneva, ac the mouth of the Dr \in:i, 36 miles NE of Geneva, and 13 SW of Lk politih-n i" thi.-^ town, in ii'/'it'^ lii Mi'.ex i ii I ■ ill ir dominions. J,r,is lb .trd '>ii the V^.hi 1, ovr whch .•;is,a icinai)cabl'^4)ri.1g", -6 aiiles S of ( Paiitjic, .ijid 105 MW 01 Warlaw. JvOin 18 4i Ej : 't. 5j 6 N. Thokn, .1 t'lwn ii lliL* vV riding of .y<)iki«ii('i rt'irh d lua.kei on V/e*!- iicl'Jay.. ir i'a.'fii on die livir Dun, 167 u'i'-'s ( ! of ij.6c Ocea'i, lying tj iIk S of Ucolio. Three Sisters. Sec Kimtj T HUIN, a t w.i of .Ani/ m raut, rut l...t>jv^«llen and ilnrn V.', lat. 58 36 N "ANo.an ancient ■''wj-di-Lavoro, ,"^^'y- Ne.ir it is •it'bp excellent t\>i 'JfnilesNVVofCa i'Br.a, a liver 'Si»theApp..r.nine '» and w.ihioK B "1['K 0,ta. . ,.^ •^'fJftrranean. 'i '1 film?, ['BUfioov, a cip '^/.V extremity of ( '"^'■o". with a tow, ■"l'l'"ritcp,,nApt( "f''''i. bythiEn '"74. butie.al, !'""» the „txt year "=«ii, atowai coarle wiclkl IS. S^cKi'Bit| I, or Aui.;v.r to th.' bJi. J the Sjmi^r , tl 111; oy, ar.d ij TIC lti;;c3^tnn of Bern , with a c:itl!e, where |th;2»0Yer refi.'.c's. Ic is feated on the Uir, wh.;rc that river ifl'ius from the l|i!;e of TliJn, pnrtly i,-, a fmall ifland, laiJ partly on a hiil, lo lu'les SE of IT'. fiiuN, 3 l.'ke of SvvilTerlanci, m itk c.uiion of Bern, lour leaguci long Vtfonz broad. T.'. UNDER Bay, a bay in N Ame- \a, nir.c miles bro.iJ, at the NW cnr- r.rot'l,iIcc Hur.in; fjcai'cd ("rom the r.;iriiia! thunder henrd there. Thi'ucau, thn lurgell and moft r.ils bi.l.wic of SwifR-riand, which i«i olonj the river Thur, bounded on ;kf E and N by the lake, town, and bi- roric of Cinfla-iCe ; on the S by the iri'ory of tlie abbot of Sc. Cillen; ion th ■ W by the cinton of Zur'c. Iif HiVfi2":;nty belor^gs tj tli^ ci/.ht ncent cantons, Frauinlitld is the ip.al. Thi'rinria, a fertile province of ;,-ir.a:iy, in the circle of Upper iXKiy, witii the title of a laridgravate. Itisyj miles in length, and as nnuch tbrtajih; and belongs to the eled^ors SfXany and Mentr, and feveral ;ty|;'V!-;cigns. Erfurt is'thc capital. Tni'Rso, a borough of C-tithnefs- i:c, at the nviuth of the Thuvlb, on eW file of Dannet Bay. I: !-,as a nfiicrible trade, and a manuridl->ry wMllcn and linen cloth. Lon. j W, lat. 5S 36 N. TlANo,an ancient town of Naples, Tma-.iiLa'/;jro, with a famous ineiy. Ncir it is a mineral Ipring, il tl be excellent for th^e llone. It 15 miles N W of Capua. TiBEB, a liver in 'ta'y, which [esinthe App'ivnines, in the Floirn* 0, and wi(hing Bnrgo, Citia-di- ilWlo, Oita, aid Rome, lal s into MeJ'icrtanean. I'ivere is iti mo- n n.ime. iBURooN, a cipe, at the m^ft itery cxt.cmity of the iflind of St. pi'go, with a town, on an o;;en i''>|'i;«fitq P'li't Ai'tonioin Jamaica. '5 tal.rii by thi Englilh and roval- '1 J? 4, but le aken by the rc- |W»ns the tiext year. iCKtit, a town in the W liJing TIE ofYorkflilre, with a market On Fri-. day, and the ruins of a caftle, demo- lifhed in the civil wars. Jt has a dif- tin-5l liberty, called the honour of Tickell, which is part of the duchy of Lincafter. It is five miles S of Do''- cafter, and 155 N by W of London. • TiDDENHAM, a village inGloucef- terlhlre, neat ChepiK^w, 25 miles SW of Gloucefter. At th; utmoll point of its parifli, wh. re the Wye and Severn divide, are Iti;] to he feen on the rocks, at low water, the ruins of a chapel, wh'ch was dedicated to St. Tecia, the firft female martyr, who fufiered A.D. 47. TiDEswitL, a town of Derby- shire, wiiW a market on WeJnef.lay. It is fo called from a well that is faid to ebb and flow, and is 22 miles NW of Derby, and 158 NNW of Lon- d.v^. TiDOR, an ifiand, one of the Mo- luccis, in die Indian Ocean, to the E of C) lolo, and the S of Ternate. It is 17 mil'.s in ciicumfeicnce, ar.d pro- d'ices cloves and flax. L^n. iso o E, lat. o 50 N. .. ? Tin.. See TiiiEr.t TiKURA riKL EsriRiTU Santo, the nort wMfcrn and iarycft '(land *^* t'\e r.'cw Hcbiidtr-, in the Pacliie Ocean, being 40 'cajjucs in circuit, L'jn. 165 o E, lat. j6 c S. TffEKUA UEL FiitGO, fcveral if- lands at tlic extremity of S Ameri- ca. Tiity take thrli name from a volcano on tlv largtft of them, and are ad veiy barren and mouiitainous. The natives, in their perlons, exceed ni>t five feet fix inches ; their heads large, their faces broad, their tlieeks bo 1C3 prominent, and their nofes fiat. They have little brown eyes, without iit'c; their hair LJilick ana lank, hang- JMg about their PC adi in diforder, anj belmeaieii with nainoil. On the thin tji^y hive a f;:w ibaggling (h 'rt liairs inftca.l of a beard. The while aflem- b a;e ot their features forms the mift ioithfo^c p.(fiuve of niifery to which human nature can poflibiy be redu( ed. Tli'y hive no t-ther clothing than a finall piece of i'cal-ficiti, hangiii^ ttnr\i their ihouldeis to the middle of ihcir A a 2 TIM TIN T in. 43ack, bflng faftened round the neck Timor, an in,',' in *';- -with a ftri;ig ; the rpft of tlieir body Ocean, to the S of the Mo; jcc ■|crfi;d!y naked. Their natur.il co- is f.o mi cs in icijgch 3'i»; 77 Jour is an olive brown, with a kind of breadth, .ind ab q ds in li-iJai-w, glofs, refemb'.ing that of copper ; bur wax, and hof^ey. Th- Dutdi hni- many difguife themfclvcs with ilfe.iks f rt heie. L ;ii. otthebW p),;.t|j of red paint, and fomctim°s with 59 E, )at. ic 23 S. •white. Tluir whole charader is a 'Jimobi, akd, ?,n iflan:! in t!-( we,°a Tinnr ar:J '.'■J f Lhf- S point 1 I the Ti •ftrange compound of ftupidity, inilif- dian Uce.in. b •ference, and inaftivitv. There is no Gunea. Lon appearance of f iboidination among E, lit. 2 15 S .them, and their mode of life approuh- Tina, a town r.f Tail;ey in E fs f om Tilbury Fort, in Effex, fituate fhore to the middle of the ilhr.d, in the parirti of Weil Tiibury, ofpo- termixed wiih vailies of ealy defc: fite Gravefend. It is a regular foriifi- and they are beautifully divfrlii c.ition, wi:ich mav be termed the k-i-y to with tiie mutual tncr'Mchrr.ettscf j liindon, from which it is a8 miles E woods and lawns, TliewoiJscci hyS. > of tall ar.d well- fpread tree;, audi Tilbury, VVkst, a vilL^ge in lawns are covered wiiti clean u.ii;'i E'fex, fituate on the Thames, N of turf, proJucir.g fine trefii!, jrdiaiil Tilbuiy F.irt. Heie the f( ur Roir.an oftioivert. There aie a. Itai} ic,(j pioconfulai ways eroded each other, cattle here, that aie a.l mi.k «.i| and, in 630, it w,is the fee of biftiop 'except their cars, which aie bv.wi Ceaddii, or St. Chad, who co'iverted black- There arc a (0 a vaft r,u;r the Eait Saxoii'". In this paiilh is a of fowls, which are efii'ly c u^!it, | celebrated Ipiing'of alterative water, fi'le plenty of wiid hog^, wj: K' I difcovcred in 1717. When the Spa- is ddicate. In the won.Js arc j) dj Di(h armada w.:s in l!ie. Channel, in ous ijuantities of cocoa-jiutJ, c^ibrlj J583, queen Elifabeth had a camp trees, guayoes, limes, fweet 3 (ii here, where th'^ windinili now (lands, oranges, and bie,,d fiuit. T.it and fome traces of it are Nifib'e. mate is extremf iy healthful, fal TiMANA, a town of S America, rains are not continual, butlVllnj in I'opayan, capital of a territory of qu nt refreshing (howers. Thcfl the fame name. It is feated on a river, no ftreams, but t!ie water of th;i 130 miles from I'opayan, Lon. 73 and fprings is extremely go d. ^j W, lat. I 35 N< . principal iiicwnvenicnce aiilcsfna JMsr.OT of mu.'ki )i;,-i u:'i;,i men, ; li'ir', /kin J ,;h.u thr r,a.: i;. ./iT.e i'v '/.'),• s. t! ,1 i'li'p at ai,cho; 15 n N. ' Tiyt'.ovTn, a ()ii=7iD.T.and, at the : milt. E of N, <', leited on a h on lie leadde wlj t!;p rn>iiih of I r.iit abn-e feve;i hter. There are p-ii k, c;i! ed the •c.T-e lithtlioi f-F^by-ifiht. He!t ¥i'''i •>f CI I, and }r Ncvvcirtle. l: [tN h>!tiVA, a town Jit'd 0(1 a ruer -jf P'6 '3 W, lac. a. Tn.2iTi2, a 'i ^1 "f Biiedu.'g.^rirf h D.aj, Lon. tifEs^H, or Tir ^•'", in the dotnini Buir.iab, lyr-ig ur fs to the E of Hi ^"■PER.^RY, a en f.'5r.-ovi:ce of MuJ "•■■•t'h, and 40 in 'dtrf on the N Sv tfie E by (^ae-n's'ci )■) on the S by "= W by Cal'vayJ >»-..lC>r!<. The'' '"•:N IS barrf-n and ■' '5 f'^e Cdpiral. iHANf), a t wn of I ^■i'jn% capital ■f-f"' Alth u,,h it I '■^'^'■'^D-e bill, .lings) '■<" the i'ariownefs[ ;'""'b<"rof,u,,ious J ,'l'r"'a;;ce i, def '^■^" it into iv\op,, r^ya fionc bid 5 "^pk com inerLPof ""'"^expurratoncfl 'f'letowji, ontheoiL [i.r.iiT ^^ fnufkicifs, &c. ar..l their aJc iiil'-'tl^s c-)lfd tickj, wh ch U[i u:'o.i men, ami b.MovTH, a fenpoi-t of Nor- lomD: r.iip.H, at ihe fnoiilli (.rili-.- Tyne, L. miUs E of Nevvcalllc. It has a Ijle, leitcdnti a high mck, inacctf- R'e on the lealHle. Thtrc is a bar, IkoIs t'.'.p rncuth of the, livcr, wl-.iih i not abi«e fevc;i feet dcip a: low |)!cr. There are djnjrc.', us rocks [j.jt k, ca! cd the KLick Middins; t: ;i',cic xx' lightlioufes, to gu'de the Ifsby -iieht. Here fl'.![ s t.ike in their Ling of C' .'1, ai^d cf gocdj brought joT NdWcs/IIc. Lop, I 16 W, lat.' itN JTiN«i;DA, a tosvn oF Biledu'g?rld, littd on arner of thr faijie Dame. In, 6 13 W, lat. 27 30 N. ITiNzt'riE, a large and ftrong m cf Bilcdu'getid, feated on the Ik D,a5. Lon. 5 43 W, l.i Cnk. The S put is fcitile. ttlif. N is barren and mountaincus. 1.1 is the Cdpira'. I'lr.ANn, a t wn of the coantry of G.ilbn?, capital of the t'p;-er pro. Alth u;,h it cortnins Tve- Jliar.Jriii-e buildings, yet, on nc- ptoi t!ic rairownefs of the fiiects, 1 number of luuious hoiileF, it!> ge- i'aii]!ea:a:ice \:, ricf nte. The Ad [ivdes it into two parts, which aie I" ky a ftone bidge of one arch. sftjple coniirertpof this t'lwn con- liiuIieexpurMt onct wirit' :pr. ItisJiviied into fourpits } Tirol Proper, the biihop. ric of Trent, the biiTiopric of Brixen, and four provinces cf Surdiia, which aic united to Tiiol. It is bounded cii the N by B ivjiia, on the E by Ci- rintliia ami ihe atchbiftcpric or t^altz- burg, on the S by the tetritoiy of Ve- nice, and on the VV by Swili'crland. Iivpiui. is the capital. Titan, ovCabaro-s, an ifland of France, ■'.•■: mjlt caiicra of the Hicics- In the Mcdi'ccrrancan. TiTiCATA, an i/l.'nd of Peru, in the au.iiei ceof L ^ Charcos, and leated in a lak" t Pctcrwaiadin, and 20 NW of Bei- grjdc. TiVERTOK, a borough of Devon- {hirc, with a nriarket on Tu' fday and S uu. Jay. It: is fealed on thf Ex, over wllicii is a ftone hid^e. Ic h^s a no- fe'c frcekhool (fourded by a clothier of tliis towr. ) which has an en^iowment alfo f>jr the tr;.-»intenance of ciijht Ich'.'iai-s ••it I3.i!!(,l C.Uf j:c, Oxt'.jii', aii.i Sidney S'jlil'x Colh-g:, Can budge. 'J'lv r- tori h.is fuffer- d vciy levi rely by fu ■, pa, t'ciil.irly un A;;:. I 3, 15(8; Au- gufl: 5, 1612 i June s, 1751 ; a-.d June 30, l7t;4. Bffide the etgint p^jriHi <;hui\h, lobu'it a.'tcr the fire in I73>) h re is a cii'< A for its gve>n wcoHen mnru- fa.;;flc, feated on the Ti ra, 12; nv es VV ot T. bo'flc. Tivoi.i, (lice a celebiaied town cf Italy, in the Cuiiipagna of Rome, with a bifliop's fcr. It IS now wr< tchedly po r ; it biafs, hrwever, of gieater antiquity than R nv itfelf, beit.g thi" aiicicpC TJtur, '.vhichj Horace fays, TOB was founded by a Grecian colony. was the favourite country refidencecl the aiclent Romans, as Frefcjti is c| the moderns. Near the bottom of li;' eminence on which Tivoli ftands the ruir.s of the va!t an«l m&gniijc'ir.j vi'Ia built by the empeior Adiiac, Oth"r ilhjfl;ious Roma.-.sliad a'fjtr.ci villas here j as Julius Cefar, Ci'^j Cifiius, Auguftus, the poets Call.' J and Pn^Dtttias, Msccnas, iJcc. a-^ Hor.ice is thought to Inve coniDcl! great part of his v/orks in this favou: ret.'cat. Near Tivcii are a cclebra; cafcade, a.fibyi's temple, a roag-ifl cent vill.i belonging to the duke, Modena, called the Villt Edenf.', ar^ the remarkable lake of SoUata.'j. vjji is featcJ on the Tevcrone, 1 rr/iles NE of Rome. Sec Solkat, BA and Tf.vep.one. Tlascala, a once confiilcia! town of New Spiin, capital of ap; vince of the (sn^t name. The iri bitants are the na ive Ameri^ini Spaniards. It is feattd on a rivcrp; ly on a m- uiitain, and paitiy onapli 62. miles E of Mexico. Lon, 50 W. lat. 16 30 N. Tlascala, a province nf N'J Spai , i 1 the audiei'ce of Mtx'co. is b unJcd on the N by Pai:u:o, the E by the gulf of Mcxci ois!] S by Guaxaca and the Paciti. 0.£< a'd 0,-1 the 'W by th^ aujie ci Mex c;'. In the W pan (•filmji vlr.ce s the mruntain of Ti-ilcs'ai iiiiks in clrcun.ference. It Is peopled and cultivated, except on fu iimir, which is al-A'nys covered « fnow. 7'obaco, the TDoft foiithwarii the illi;;dsin the Weil: Indies, aw moftenflward, rxcepL B.irbadocs. {;»as tiken b] ;n.1 confirmed t iaras t.iken by 1 ligi, it is 12 Ion. 59 O V/, Tobago, L: the NE extren ini'es loi'g, and Tobolsk, tl jnd of the gov Jt is feared on a ten:, at the bntt( ktylhruiis ; an( tats, who drive river, and cany The Tartars tha' fir Icvrraln^iles, li t their mufti i lie alfo a great 1 uhj I rve as fl Cj:;n.o;ily fend tjiliis ciry, wh c flu' i'-.-f of th.e 'I miirs c. of Mifc Ftt.'iiLurg. Lo 11 N. ToBotiK, a { wh'ch comptehei bcria. It is divil vinces of ToboifJ Tocat, a lai caniral of a provii The hotifes arc tb(? town makes i anJ is in the forr Theie are two rocks of marble, uptjn each. ftreims, that eacf There are 2c, oo' menian, and 4( Tocac may be or of trade i 1 Natoli htluT from lev* milts W of El z J miits long fromSW t;> NE,B|^^ 3,,^ ^ "^- ni:ie bioad. The clima'.e isnotfil .iS might be expid-jd fr.im its fi(u;l fo near the equator j norisitviSl by fuch die.uful hurrlcans js quontiy del'olate thu (nher iflar.iii. is divi:rfifi?d with Iiills and valfj,! h equal i:' rxlmel'. of p;odiice t"| of til'- ifl,ii:ds in th.efe f(as. h ij it was dtciared a neutral i(^.i:JJ in J 7631 w^s ceded to tlie Enl 'l-^"- 35 5SE, TOCAYMA, a the new kingdom the river l\iti. between two col the town is a vi W, lat. 4 3 N. Toe KAY, a Hungary,, in iht TOGT "TOL If was tiken by the French in I7?r, w'lth a caflte. The town itfcif Is hf*' iiiUontirmed ti thrm ii 17^3; but confiderabie 5 but it is celebrated for it# ikrt-as t.iken by the Englllh, April 13, excelL-nt wine. There is but onaf Ijinj. It is i2omiies Sot" Bnbddoes. vincya-d that produces it, infomucliP iLon. 59 o V/, lac. II JO N. that it is karcc even at Vienna. At- Tobago, Little, aniflindnear fome diftance from it ate large fait- ||.he NE extremity of Tobago, two works. It is feateci at the confluence' niies lo:ig, arid one bro.id. of the Bodrog and Tiiifiir, 75 milea- Tobolsk, the cipical of Siberia, NW of Great Waradin, and- 90 NE l)nd of the government of Tubolfk. of Buda. jjt is fenced on a high hill, ofvaftex- Todt, an ancient town of Italy, in |tep.r, atthe bottom of vhich the river thcduchyofS[Jo!etto, with ab (hop's fee«- Ijrtylh runs ; and is inhabited by Tar- Ic is fiattd on a hili, near the Tiber, tais, who drive a great trade on that 22 mi:es S of Perugia, aud 50 N of liver, and oaity their goods to Chin.i.' Rome. The Tartars that live rovind this city, TocriNBURO, a county of Swif- fir icvfuln/iles, aie all Mahometans, ferland, depending on the abbey of St.' b : their mufti is an .''.rabia;5. There Gallen. It is a narrow country, fituatc i!>; alio a great number of Kalniu.ks, between high mountains, is lertile in wfw Krve as fl^ves. The Rulfians corn dnd ^u^t, and is diviilcd into' cjrmonly fend iheir (tale prilop.rrs the U.\oer and Lr.ver.- It contains 30* tJihis tiry, wh ch is IVated at the con- pa; (hc-s, and u^^wud of 46,000 itihabi* flu.i'a' of th*! '!'( b:.l and i. ty(h, ScO tunts. The piotelUnts a;e in the pro- fTiilfS H of M-ifcow, and icoo E of portion to the catholics, of Ie»en to- iPctaiburgc Lon. 68 12 £> lat. 58 five ^ but both religions are bound by oath to maintain reciprocal harmony. ToLACA Bay, a bay of the illand* of New Zealand. Lon. 178 33 £»■ lat. 38 11 S. Toledo, an aticient commercial' TocAT, a large town of Nato'ia, city of bpain, formerly the capital of capital of a province of the fame name. New Ca(tile. It is the fee of an arch- The hoftfes arc handfomely built, but biihop, and the cathedral is the richc(V the town makt-'sa very odd appea ance, and moir conlidciabie in Spain. Here* and is in the form ot an amphitheatre, are 38 religi ubhc.ufes, moll of whiclv- I Theie are two rugged perpendicular are worthy a traveller's notice, with- tocki of marbU> w.ili an old ca(tie a great nu . bcr of churches belonging- upon each. There are fo many to 27 pa.ilhes,, and fome hofpitals. ftreims, that each houfe has a fountain. Without the town are the remains of There arc 20,000 Turkifli, 4000 Ai- an amphitheatre, and other antiquities* menian, and 4C0 Greek familit'S. It has a famous unive rlity, and feveral Tocac may be confideicd as the csntre minuf.idlories or fiik and wocl. It is- of trade i 1 Natolia 5 tor caravans come fea:ed on a mountain, on the river h ther from levnral parts. It is 180 Taj >, 37 miics S of Madrid. Lon. 3. mlks W of Era .lum, 283 N or Ali'p- 20 W, lat. 39 50 N. 1X1, and 2,0 from t'jnllantinopij. Tolfn, a tDwn of the Dutch Nc- Lin. 35 55 E, lat. 39 55 N. therlinJs, in Zealand, in an illand of. Toe A YMA, atowncfS America, in ihe ia^ue ijamj, fepirated by a iiarrov/ |i»N. ToBotiK, a g''vernmentof Ruffii, wh'ch conipteheudb the W part of Si- bcna. It is divided into the two pro- I vinces of Tobolfk and Tomfk. the new kingdom of Granada, feated on the river Pati. Here are hot bail-.s between two co!d lprii-<;i •, and netr the town is a volcano. Lon. 73 50 W, lat. 4 3 N. e'.rannel fii^m Dutch Brabant. It is* (iv( miles T'iW of Bfrgim-rp Zoom.- L n 4 20 r.. lat. 51 30 N. i oLENTii-o, a town of Paly, in> the niiiquifate ot Ancona, with a bi-- TocKAV, a (bong town of Upper (hop's lee. It is the place where the' Hiif:gary, in the county of Zimplin, relics of St. Nicholas arc kept, oiid^M^ Aa4^ ..au4V<~-^'^i^)^i''.- ' TOM f(;ated on the river Chicnto, eight miles SE ofSt.Severino, and 8S NE of Rome. ToLrsBURG, a feaport of Ruflia, in the govcmmcnt of jliga, feared on the gulf of Fijiland, 60 miles V/ of N.uva. Lon. 26 4 £, l.it. 59 58 N. ToLHUYS, a town of Dutch Guel- deiland, fcated on the Rh ne, ei^ht miles E of Nirr.eguen. Here the French army pafled the Rhine, in 3.672. ToL MEZZO, a town of Italy, in Venetian Fiiu.i, 30 miles NE of Bel- liino. ToLNA, a town of Lower Hunga- ry, capital of a county of the fame name. It is feated on the Danube, eight miles S\V of Colocza, and 45 S of Buda. Lun. 19 23 E, laC 46 33 N. loLOSA, a town of Spain, the ca- pital oK Guipufcora. It is not large, b,ut i)> inhabited by a great number of arti^s, who make fword- blades in high eftcem. It is (eaCed between the A- raxis and 0>ia, over which are two h;jpHfo;ne b,i Tges, and near them fe- Ye jr natural c.ifcadcs. It was tjkeii by th; Flinch in 1794; ard is 37 n)iL"5 SW of Bayonne, and 47 SE of Eillioa. loLU, a town in Terra Fi.m.i, in the government ot Citihigcnai la- mous for the fine bdiam of Toiu, brouglu^hence to Europe, ard produ- ced from a tree I ke a pine. It is feattd on a b.;y of the gu.f of Mexico, 60 miles S of Canliagena. Li.n. 75 Zi W, lat. 9 30 N. ToMAR, a town of Portugal, in ERramadura, feated c.n tlie river Na- loan, at the foot of the mountains, where there 'n a caft'e bf.ionging to the knights of Clii it, 40 miles SE of Coimbra, and 65 NE ot L /bon. ToMKEC, a tiwn of Auihian Bra- bant, 10 n.iles E of Brullels. 1'o.MBELAJNE, 3 fiiiaii ifland, with a town of the fmie name, in the coa!t of N> rinanviy, in a linall ^uf between it^vr.inchcsand St. M.i'o. Tiiis ifland, as wtll as tli It of St. Michael, is every clay joined, at low water, to the n:ain- Und. TON ToMBUCTou, a kingdom of Aftl. c:i, in Negroland, which lies to thcSE oi the great defert of Zahara, and W of the empire of Caihna. The lioulej in this country are built like bfls with walls of hurdles pla,lKicd wtii clay, and covered wich iceds. They are the fame in the city of Tonibudtnu, where there is one ilately molque huilt of ffone, and a royal palace. ! here is a great number ut' weaveis of cotton cloth 5 and h;iher the cloth and oihcr mercha.ndife are b; ought by cjravans from Barbary. The better foit of women have their faces covered, their religion being Mahometanifm. They have great p.enty of corn, cattle, inilk, and butter. Inftcad of money, they make u(e of Uiells and fmall bits cf goid. Both men and women are veiy fond of dancing, and fperd a giejt part of the night in ihat extrcf;. k the Proceedings of the Afiican Ai. fociation, this place is mentioned asj luxurious, opulent, and flour: filing ciiy, fubje<5t to a fevere police, ano, a- lucii, attraiflii'g the merchaiits of the nidi diihnt ft.uts c( Al'rlc. It is iVj'.ed rear ths Niger, 770 miles SW if Moiirzook. Loii. o i W, lat. la ToMZBAMBA, a tuwn in Peru, in tlie aiidic'iiCe of Q^!t(), wheie was ] tr.nple of the Sur, whofe Wdiis, a th." Spaniards affcit, weie covered wiih golo. It is 120 n.i'ts S ct CJaito, Lon. 77 50 \v, lat. 2 16 S. Tomsk, a tow.-^. of Siberia, in a pr. vir.ce of the fame name. On the hightil pait of the town is a wui/den caille, with 14 pitces of canncn j ad ii it are a caihcdrai buiit of w.)tx\ iht chaaceiy, and an arlcnal. Thi' inhd. biiaiits carry on a great trade, tlii; town lying on the great load thr>:ugh uli the E and N parti of Siberia, it is leaded on the river Tom, IC5 milts EbE of Tob>) fli. Lon. '04 59 E, lat. jj 45 N. lONDIREN, or TUNDEREN, 3 town of Denmark, in tlie duchy tf S:ervvi(.k, and capital oi a ba.liw'c of lilt: fame nanie, with a I'ort. It is feated on the river Widaw, and on a bay of the German Ocean, 25 mil:i i.ts oJ-" ihe mn] '. It 14 kMlfd ji cann<>n : ad TON Ul of R'pin, and 30 NW of Slef- l^lcw Lo;i. 9 40 E, lat. 54 58 N. TaNGATABOO, OrA:!STERPAM IIsland, one of' the Fr!enl- K'; s, who have f jl'ovvcd the p/ofcfli in |ft',iins from farhcr to f.m. I" is ?6y icjSWof Pckin, L.n. 101 30 E, ^ 56 N. TcNG'JSiANS, a pc'iple who tnha- fc'tthi E part of S ib'Mia. They are all h~v.)f, and chicfiv fubriil by g:;^2:ng, li;.i huntir-g of fables. They live in Ihib, which, when th-'y ler.ove their irgs, they take down, a:;d fee up p'Ai,evc. Thifc bats are covered .ill jtvcr with ha'r and ruhbifh, and th°rg V. alvile left at the tup to let cut tiie ,i„'. Th? fi;eis n.a.ic-in themid- , and they fit a! round ir upon turfs. ;';i i:x s are vi ^ ;l-on^>, and brcid- '■ !; b th ;idc 0:1 horlehavii, a-id fiii a ikc in a (ort of hock, with boots ';li.ns or, Ju'ir lejs. Tpnnay Rou tonne, a town of rr^xc, in ili..^ department of Low/r "Ucnt:', fcaicJon th: Bjuta.)ne, 17 To^f miles from Saintes. Lcn. o 34 W, lat. 45 56 N. ToNNAY Charentk, an anclcnt^ and conilierable town of France, in l!ie dcfartinent of Lower Charcntc,- withacaftx, and a finall port. It is f Mtcd on the Cha'entc, three miles- fnm Roche fot, and 253 SW of Paiis. L)r. o 46 W, lat. 45 56 N. 'I~oxNEiNS, a fma;l town of France,* in the department of Lot and Ga.onne,» fea^ed on the Garonne, two miles fiom its junftion with the Lot, and feven miles E of Marmande. ToNNERRE, an ancient town r*" France, in the department of Yonnc. It is famous for its good wines, and is feated on the Arnr.anyon, 27 miles S of Troyes, and loz E of Paris. ToNNiNc, EN, a town of Denmark, in ih.' duchy of Sl.'fwick, cap'.t.ii of a territory of the fame name. It is fv'atcd on a peninfu'a, formed by the Eydcr, where thfre is a commo.iions • hitboiir, a q miles SW of Sefwick, and 58 NW of Hamburg. Lon. 9 10 E, I It. 5} 30 N. ToNQ_ui*{, a ki^'gdom of AHj,- bounded on the N by China, on the' E by C!;ina and the b.iy of Tonquin,* 0:1 the 3 l;y (Jochin Ciuiu, ami i^ii ttui W'jy La;?.- It b 12:0 niiU'sinijn^.th, a^d 5c:o in bveadch, .^nd is one of tJie finf il t;.l niolf conr]jerjble kingdr^n.s of the Ealt, on account ot its p >puhi- ti'^n and con:merce. The country is thick-fct with vi! iges, and the natives- are of a middling ftatue, with a t4w;iy ciir.plexion. Their faces isovaland- rlatrifii j their nofes and lipi well pro- portioned. Their hair is blacic, lj>ng,- lank, and coarfe ; and they let it hang ijown their ihouldrr?. They die their teeth black. Thry are dtxtrou?,^ ac-' Civc, and ing^^ni^iis in mechanic arts. ■ They weave a muititude of fine filks, sn 1 maketu.iuus hckervVirkf, whicli- aie f-xp'^rtcd to oth:r countries, 1 hey are f) adJidled to'gamirg, that when- cvL-ry thiit; c'fe is ioif, tiiey will ftake their wives and children. Their hou- f-^s are fmall and low, and the walls' cit'ii^r of nind, or hurdles daubed over' with clay. They have onlj a ^rotiid- Aa5 TOP floor, with two or thre pattitlons, and eJK:h room ins a fijj.ire hole to let in tiie liglr. 'i h(. villages CDiifift of 30 or 4' houfes, fu.iour.ded by trees, anJ in i )iTe pL.ces are b.mks to keep the water fioiv. ovcrflo'ving th'^ir gar- dens. I', the rainy leafon ihey cannot pafi I'rit!) oni houfe to another, with- out waiii^ throiigh the water, 'i he religion of the Tonquincfcis prjganifm, and yet tliey own a Supreme B.ing. Their idols have human ftiapc!, but in very difi'trcnt forms. They h.'ve. ] t:ewifc ionie lefembling elephants imd lioiifs, placed in fmail low tem- ples biiiJi of timber. The language is fpoken very much in the throat, and fome of the words ate pronounced throu^ih the tech : it has a g.e^;! re- f.mblaiicc to the Chinefe. They have fchooK. of learning, ann their charadters are the f.in.t, or like ;li>f; of-Chlna j and Ijkc them they wiice with a hair pencil. 1'hei[ commodities are gold, mulk, filks, calicoes, drugs of many fortf, woods for dying, lackered ware, earthen ware, fa!'., &c, Thelackered ware is ;!ot interior to that of Japan, which IS accounted the belt in the w. rid. With ail theli merchandife one would expedt the pjsople vj be very rich j hut they are, in gc: era!, very poo , the cl;i f trade being c Dried on by the Chinefe, Engliln, .tiid Dutch. The kingdom is an abfolute monarchy. Tonj-tou is the capital. ToKSBERC, a feaport of Norway, in tlif. province of Aggerhuys, 30 xr.iles W of Frederickftadc. Lon. 10 fto E, Idt. 58 50 N. ToonouAi, a fmall iHind in the Pacific Ocean, difcov:;ri.d by capt. Co;k. It is pleiitifuiiy itockcd with hogs and fowls, and prodtices feveral kinds of fruits and roots. Lon. 149 . aj W, lat. 23 Z5 S. Top CLIFF, a town in the N ri- ding of Yorkfliire, feated on the Swale, 24 miles N of York. TopsHAM, a town of Devonfliire, with a market on Saturday. It is feat- ed on the Ex, five miles i>E of Exeter, of which it is tiie port, :nd 170 SW of LondoUi LoDt 3 a6 W; lat. 50 39 N. TOR Tor, 3 town of Arabia Pctrrj feated on the Red Sea, witli a ginj haibour, defended by a callle. Tlierj is a Greek convent, in the garden of which are fountrins of bitt'.'r wattr pretended to be thofe whi.h Mnftj rendered fvvcet, by throwing in a piece of wood. Lon. 33 45 E, lat. 28 j. Tor BAY, a bay of the EngllH Channel, on the coaft of Di;von|}i,:e to the E of Dartmouth, firmed bv two cipcj, called Bury-lVmt and Bcb'j Nofc. Ii was h?re the prircc of Orange landed in November 16SS. ToRBoi. E, a town in the bilhipric of Trer.t, 14 miles S£ of tlie city of that name. ToRC'Ei. LO, a town of Italy, in the teritorv of Vtnie. It is thin of people, on account of the unwbule. fome ai.-. It is feated in a fmall ifland, i'tiv':n miles N of Venice. Lon. 12 9 E, 'at. 45 32 N. ToRUEsiLLAS, a fortified town cf Spaiii, in Li;o:i, with a magnifictrt palace, where queen Joan, mothercf Charles V, ended her meianchiy days. It is feated on the Doucro, z^ miles W of Vuhadolid, and 75 SEcf Leon. ToRGAW, a town of Germany, l!i the cirrle of Upper Saxony, witii a cailk', the flaircafc of which is boilth fuch a ma'i.'.er, that a pt;ion my rids in a chalfe to ;he top of it. The inhabitants brew excellent b;-.cr, \vhl;hi they fend to other places by the liib;, on svliich the town is feated. Hers the king uf Pruflia obtained a greit viftrry over the Aultrians Ncv, j, 1760. It is Z7 miles NE cfLcip. fick, and 35 NVV of Drefdcn. ToRiGNY, a town of France, in the departmiCnt of tire Chaiiiel. witli a magaiiiceiit caiUe, feated on a rivu- let, fjven miles fr. m- St, Lo. ToRMES, a river i.f Sj^ain, wlvch pafli.sg by Alva, Toimes, and Sili. nianca, falls into the Douero, belc\r Mirande de-Doncro. ToRNA, or ToRNAw, a fortifijd town of UiU'cr Hungary, capital cfi, county of the fame name, withacaftit It is fcatejl on^the livei' S.i)o, on ai lever, t'rh;;am'^unr T O k' roK Germany, iul fm'nence, la miles W of CafTovla. madura, \Vith a caftle, It is iSpo'ed' Lurk 20 43 £, lat. 4S 50 N. rn the Almonda, 55 miles NE of ToRNEA, a commt-icial town of L (bin. Swe.lcn, in Bothnia, capii.il of a tcr- ToRRrs Vedras, a town of Por- ritoty of the fai c n im , with a gioJ tngal, ia Lit.am.iJun, wirh a cif>le, harbjur. It is fcited on ths N c /jft feaced near the A.!a;rac, 17 milei S of a gulf of the laxc name, at ihe ofLftm. mouth of the riv?i Turnea, 350 miles Torriglia, a town of Italy, in NNE of Abo and 420 of Stockholm, the territory of Genoa, 10 miles N of Lon. 24 iz £, iaC. 65 50 N. Genra. Tor NR A, a river which fifes in the T Rrin^ton, a corporate towa' mountains of Norwiy, croiTs the lake of Dev inrtiire, w h a mariict on Sa- otTurnei, and fa^is i.ito a gulf of the tu. lay. It his a manui'if^ory of ituffs,' fi,i)t naiie, at the t..>wn of Tome.i. ai.l is feat. -d on tiie Towridj^e (over ToRNovA, a town of Turkey in w!iich is a ftoi.e bridge of four arches) Europe, in J.inn.i, witii a bifh')p's fee. I' miies S by W of Barndjple, ami J; is lea'cd .It tlie foC. of Mouu Dia- 194 W by S of London. gonira, on the Salernptia, 10 mi , Tor si l, a town of Sv/cden, In. N'vV'of Lir'da. Sudermania, fe.itcd on lake Maeler,' ToRo, a town of Spain, in Leon, 43 miles W of S.ockholm. feve;l nn a hill, onthe Douero, 37 mil's Tortola, the principal of the' X by E ofSulamancj, and lou NW Virgin Iflin-ls, in the Weft Indie, of Madrid. I" ii iS- mi'es long A-om E to \V, and" ToRiLLA DE-MoNGRis, a fca- fevc:! in its greaCe!^ breadth. It for- fortof Spain, in Cati'oni.1, featcd near merly belonged to the Datch, who th: mouth of the Ter, in thi Medi- bu It .rftrong fovt, from which they wririLan, at the font of ths Pyrenees, were expelied by iheEnglirti, in 1666. It is t'jmous for a battle gained by the It produces excellent c 'fton, and verv French over the Sijaniards, in i6t;4, good iujai and rum. Their fruits, of It is 19 miles E or'Gironne. Ljn. 3 which they have no grc^.t v.srlety, are 18 E, lat. 41 5^ N. but indiiforent j fime appies excepted. ToRpruLEV, a town in Chc/hire, The entrance into the harhour is at r.i:ic nil' s E of Cheil:r. It wjs ftit- the E end of the ifland. Ljn. 63 o' nicrly a bornigh, a;id had a market, W, luC. jS 33 N. Torre pel-Creco, a town of Tortona, a fortified townof Italy, N.K'k'S, in 'i'erradi-Lavoro, feared at in ll-.e duchy cf Mil in, capital ox the tiiefn-.tof Mount Vefuvlu^, on the Torconefe, with a bi/hop's fee, and a' bjy of Na;)lej, fivemilesSZ of chj.crity. cjfll •, f ated on an eminence. It may liwas d'jftr.iyed by an ^itipti inui Vc- be confidercd as a coniiderable frontier fiviusin 1631 J and in June 1794, was pl^'.ec. It was taken by the al.it-s in (iverwh'.'l:iv.cl hy a torrent of lava, from 174I> Ij'-'C rfiiken by the Spaniaids in that volcan 1. The inhnbltmts, how- 1745« It is feaCed on th; Scrivia, 28 miles SE of Cafil, and 27 SW of' Mil in. Lnn. 8 5S E, lat. 45 8 N, ToR7(>6A, a city cf Spain, in C.i- tahiaia, wIct a b.fliop's fee, a univer- fity, and'a cinJtl. It is divided into' ih'.' Oil and New Town, both fur- ro'iiid'i by modem fottifications. Ic Torres, a fe.iport of .S^a.;!, in is feated partly on a plain, and p.irtly Crmjlij leated on the Meciite.rauean, on a hiil, on the Ebro (over which is a- 45 mill's SW of Gi.ma.la. Lon, 3 56 ln'ije bridge of boats) 1:5 .niles SW of V/, lit. 36 V) N, Taira^ona, and iSo E of Madrid. ToRRKs Novas, a ftrongand con- Tortuga, an u linhabited illand HJeraLlii townof Portugal, m Eftra- of S Ameii,. ;. The £ end is full of* A a 6 lever, t^^he am'-.unf of iS co.-,eftaped Iw'th their ,ive«, about 15 excepted j land the town is mw rfbui.oing on the llav.i that covered the farmer habiia- Itions, ToRRF.jo, a town of Spain, in iNewCiuile, 15 miies S of MaJiid TOT TOU was an ir.ipci'al tav-n of Cipvmaiy, till taken by '.lie French, in 1^52. It is ft-aled on the Mofclle, 10 n.iiebV7of Nanci, and 167 SE ot' Pari;. ToL'i.o:.;ii A, or Tulmabim, a hixc rugged broken rocks, wlich aivl tVi" fwA that cxcrt'iffd that art In Aiettn one to fca. At ihL end is a this country. In a bii-kficld o:. t!i? l.;rgc fait pond, where the fall begins VV fjiie of the road 'a St. Loy's well, t> kern in April ; and there have been which is faid to b,- at.says full and ncicr 20 fail of fti.ppinij livMC at a liine for t^ run ovc-;-. A r'.vukt, tailed th: lalt. Tht turtles, or tortuifes, come Mofel, wh'c'.i ;ifcs on Mufwrll Hlf!^ upon l!io faiidy hay? to lay tlieir t^^^, nc.r Uglitjate, runs thiou^h the pin. vhe/xe th.s iHjnd has its jianac. It cipal flreet. was f inncily muJi fnquen'.tJ Lj the Toi tebtpce, a sll'agc of M';J. bucan'ers. It lies near the coa.t of d'ef.x, near Chipping But. et. It vvn T>rra Firina, 40 miles W of the If- much i'ih.;bited by the tiilz (isof Lor',. land of Margafetta, and is 30 rr.ilcs in don, fi Tni^ jv 1 as th? reigi of Jimci circumference. Lou. C4 50 W, lut. I It is 10 li.ile; NNV/ of L^nJoii, II 30 N. TotL, an ancient and cc,iifii.:rjh!e ToRTucA, ?.n in.iiid of flic Weft tovn of Fiance, in the drparnnii.t ct Indies, near the N cojli: of llifpanio'a, Meuiihc, lately a bil1i>|)'s fic. k w!)e;e the French bucaiiiers (counte- jiiiiiced and fupported by the govern- ment of France) ufed tt fortify tlicm- feivis. It is 80 miles in circumfe- rence, and has a fafe haib^ur, but illffi'-ult of acccfs. Lon. 75 10 W, foftrefs of TinJoalKm Pioptr, in Li- \i\ 20 10 N. hore,, felted on the R.iuvcc, 70 raiicj TuSA, a ftrong fcaport of Spain, in ENE of Moultan. Ca^a!onia, feated at the botton) of a Toulon, an ancient city anJ fj. bay, which fjrnis a harbour, where port of France, in the depaitmciit a' velfeis are fhtkered from all winds, ex- Var, of w!;ich ic is the C5pi;i'. ccpt tlic SW. It is built paitly on a B -fjie the rvi-o'ucioi in 17S9, it wis plain, aiul partly on a fteep hill, which an cpifcDpal fee. Ihe inh ibilants j:e • projef\s into the fca. On the top of computed at 8c, 000. Toulon cxfc the hiii, nearer the fea, is a flrorg rienced thi diea.ifal ravj^:s of the ci;ndel. Ic is 37 miles NE of Baice- lona. Lon, 2 54 E, lat. 41 42 N. TosCANELLA, a town of Italy, in the patriinony cf St. Peter and duchy of Cadro, 35 milts N of has nothing remarkable in it butt!.; Home. Rue aux Aibrcs (a kind of mall) ad ToTNESs, a borough of Devon- the townhouf-. The New Qiartcr fliire, w ih a maikct en Saturdry. It contains (bcfide the magrificent woilis is feated on the river Dait, on ihs de- conftrudled by Lewis XiV) many fiu; fcent of a hill, and has a manufaflory h.-iuf-'S, and a grand oblong fqu.ir(',li:ud offergps. It is 27 miles SW of Exeter, v.ith trees, and ferving us a parade. and 196 V/ by S cf London. The lia. hour is diaiiguiiljid !il;ev.;i'e Tottenham Kich Cross, a Ly the names of ilie Old Port or M-.r- villai;e of Middltfex, five Hiiks N of ch.anls' Pert, and the N.w Port or Lond..>n ; fj called from a cr.jfs, w'lich King's Pert ; butthislaftapp'-ilationinJi lias cx'ilcd here from tim-i irrme- vaniOied with the abolition of rcyaiy, ir.oria'. It was fnnr.crly a column of and univerf.d diftrudtion of ailitifyn-,- wocd ; but was taken down about 200 bols. The Merchants' Haven, along years ag-j, and the prefent ftru the Old ai:d New I'uit h.ne an outlet into ihL- i'i.-aciouj outer loaJ or harbour, wliich is fu:rouiifi(.d ly hills, and formed ly nature ahno.'l circ'j'a-. Irs circuit is of great ex- ten:} and the entiance ic defended, on bnli fides, b^ a fort and bartciics. Ti'uljn is the only mart in the Medi- terranean for the re-exportation of tlie prcJuilb of the Eaft Ir.dies. It was twice taken by the imperial troops in the lixtt-enih centuiy ; and in Auguft 1753, it was furrct.dercd, by the in- ii.ibitants, to the Briii.'h aJ;j.irtiirh in 179* s they were obliged to abandon it in 1795, but re- enMred it again, on the final conqueft of Aullrian Flanders in 1794. It is feated on the Scheld, v/hich div'des it into two parts, that are united by a bridge, J4 miles SE of Li.'le, 30 '^W of Ghent, and 135 N by E of Paris. Lon. 3 a8 E, lat. 50 33 N. TouRNON, a town of France, in the department of Ardcchc, featfj jiear the Rhone, on the declivity of a mountain, with acaftle that commands the who e town. It is 40 miles W of Grenoble-, and 280 S by E of Paris. To URN us, an ancient town of France, in the department of Sjone and Loire, feated on the river iinonc, 15 miles S of Cha'ons, and 2C2 S by W of Paris. To'JRS, airaricient ard. confiJera- ble city of Fri'nce, capital of the He- paitmeut of Indre and Loire. From an aichiepifcopal fee it has been lately reduced to a bifliopric. It is advanta- geoufly feated on the Loire, and near ilic Cher. Over the former is one of the fined bridges in Europe, confilHng rf 15 elliptic arches, each 75 feet dia- meter. Under the miniftry of cardi- nal Richelieu, a7,OfO perfons were here employed in the fiik manufadturt ; but the whole number of inh ibitants is now only 22,oco. The red wines of T>'urs are much cfteemed. It is 60 rriilcs SW of Oilcans and 127 of Paris. Lon. o 41 E, lat. 47 23 N. TousERA, a town of Africa, ca- p'tal of Bilcdulgeiid, and dependent on the kirgdom or Tunis. Lon. 10 55 E, lat. 32 30 N. TowcESTERiatownofNorlhi.Tip- TRA tonfljire, wiih a market on Tuefday, It is feated on a fmall river, 51 milss SE of Coventry, and 60 NW of Lon, don. TowRiDGB, a river of Devon fhire, which rifes near the fource of the Tamar, runs to Hatherley, and then joining the Oke from Okehampton, pafles by Torrington and Biddeford, and enters the Briftol Channel at Barn- ftaple Bay. TowTON, a village in the W rid. ing of Yorkfliire, SE of Tadcafter. It if famous for the bloody battle biuween the forces of the houCes of York and Lancader, fo fatal to the lauer, in 1461. TowY, a river of S Wales, which rifes in Cardganfliirc, ar.d pifling by Carmarthen, enters the Briftol Chan- nel. Trachenburg, -Jtovvn of S.lefis, feated on the* Baitch, 12 mi^es NE of Wolaw, and z6 N of Brtflaw. Trafalgar, a promontory of Spain, in Andalufia, at the entrance of the ftiaits of Gibraltar, 30 mile; SE of Cadiz. Lon. 6 1 W, lat. 36 11 N. Tr A jANAPOi-i, an inconfideraHe town of Romania, wiih a Gieekaich- bifliop's fee. It is feated on the Mi- rica, 37 miles SW of Adrian jplc, and 112 NW of Con(t.tntinopie. Trajetto, a ti^wn of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, built on the ruins of the ancient Mlntiir-.a. Hcie are the ruins of an amphitheatre and an cque- duft, and it is feated nc-.u the m :utb of tli^ G.irlg'iano, on tbc Mcditer. ranean, 25 miles N W of C -uj. Lon. 14 4 E, lat. .) I 20 N. Traina, a town of Sicily, In the Val-d: Demons, feated on a high mountain, at the fource of the Traina, 22 miles W of Mount Etna, and 70 SW of Meflina. Tra-los Monte'j, a fei tile pro- vince of Portuj.il, beyond the moun- tains, Vith regard to the other pro- vinces of this kingdom, whence it has its name. It is bounded on tiie N by *Galicla, on the E by Leon, on tho S by Bcira, and on the W by Entrc- Doucro e-Minho. The Dou(?ro di* TR A r K A ViJes it into two parts, and Miranda is tht capital. T."«AN(?HiN, a town of Upper Hungary, capital of a county of the feme name. The caftle ftands fo high, tnat it tnny be ken at the diftance of near 30 miles. Tliere are two warm baths with!', a mile of this place, and a great numbtr of mineral fprings in the adiacent country. It is feaied on theWaag, 50 o/ilcs NE of Piefburg. L'ln. 17 50 E, lit. 49 56 N. Trancon, an ancient town of Porlugil", in the province of Traios- MontC3, with a ealUe, 14 miles fiom Pinnel. Trani, a feaport of Naples, in Terra- di-B.iri, with a caftle, and an aiclibifliop's fee. It is the reddence of the governor of the province, but is much decaycl fince the harbour has b:en choked u^> with mvid. It is feat- tJ on thi; gulf oi" Venice, 20 miks W ofBari, 'nd 125 N by E of Naples, Lon. j6 36 E, lat. 41 28 N. TRANr>juEBAa, a town of f-fin- doodan, on the coaft of Coromandel, with a fort and fa^^^ory, belonging to the Danes. It is feated at the mouth of the Cauvcry, 165 miles S of Ma- dras. Lon. 79 57 E, lat. 10 44 N. Transylvania, a country for- merly annexed to Hungary; bounded 01) the N by Upper Hungary and Po- land, on the E by Molda^^aand V/a- lichia, on the S by Walachia, and on tlie W by Upper and Lower Hungary. Ic is 162 miles in length, and 1 50 in breadth; and is furrounded by high, but not barren, mountains. The in- habitants, wh;> are of various religions, have as much corn and wine as they want ; and there are rich mines of gold, fiiver, lead, copper, quickfilver, and alum. It has undergone various Kvolutiiins, but now belongs to the hovife of Auftiia. Tiie government is co'iduded by 12 perfonsj namely, three Roman catholics, thice Luthe- rans, thrc^ Caivinifts, and three So- cini.ins. Htrmanfta ,i; is thi. capitah Tr/.on, or Tkav/; a Itrong and papules town of Venetian D.tlm.ui.i, with a bilhop'j fee, l".;ated on ti.e gulf of Venice, in a I'niall illanJ, joined to the mainland by a long bridge of wood, and to the ille of Bua, by another ofr Hone, It is 27 miles SE of Sebenicor Lon. 17 5a t, lat. (54 o N. Trapani, or Tbapano, a fea*- port on the W fide of Sicily, in the Valdi-Mazara, with a foit. It iS' feated on a fmall pe.iinfula, and is- famous for its Ci.t works, and fi(herie»' of tunnies and coral. It is 20 miles- N of Mazara, and 45 Vv of Palermo.- Lon. 12 20 E, lat. 38 10 N. Trappe, a once celebrated mo- naftery of France, in the department of Ornc, fitwate in a valley, furround-. ed by mountainf. The monks were famous for their auftcrity, aud keepings perpetuil fiience. Trarbach, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine ani county of Spanheim, feated on the Mofelle. Its fortrefs, which is on » mountain, and commands the palfage of the Mofelle, was taken by the French, 06^.9, 1794. It is 2» miles NE of Treves, and 28 SW of Coblcntz. Travancore, a province of the peninfula of Hindooftan, extending, along the coaft of Malabar from Cape Comorin to 10 15 N lat. and bounded 0:1 the N by My fort, and on the E by the C rrnatic. It is fubje(£t to a rajah, who is an ally of the EngliQj Eaft In- dia Company, and in defence of whom they engagtio, in conjundlion with the Mahrattas and the niiam of the Dcc- can, in the laft war againft Tippoo Sul- tan. See Cr an CAN ORE. Trave, a river of Holftein, which pafTing by Segeberg, OJdcflo, and Lubec, falls into the Baltic, at Trave- munde. Travemunde, a ftrons town of Holftc.n, feated at the mouth of the Trave. It is the port of Lubec, to. which it belongs, and is 12 miles NE of that city, Lon. lo 55 E, lat. 54 I N. Traunstein, a town of Germa- ny, in Upper Bavaiia, feated on the Tiaun. Near it are fprings of fait- water. Tr AW. See Traon. 1 RAYGUERA, A tOWn of Spajfli m V?l;ncia, 30 miles S of Tortoi'a, TRE- .TRtfiiA, a river cf Ita!j', whklr tlfes in ihc teiritory of Genoa, waflies B.obio in the Mi'.unefe, and falls into llic I'c), alove Pia'-cntia. Great • lum- bers r>( the Romans, corr.manc ed by the conful Semi'vonius, at'ier tUeir de- feat by Hannibal, were drowned in this river. . Trebigni, orTBEEiGNA, atown of TLrkifh Dalmatia, vv"'h a biftiop's fe^. Tlie iiiliabitants arc p r:ly Turks and partly GKcks. It is Icatcd en t'le gulf cf Venice, on tlie river Tre- beiifka, 14 rr.ileRN of Ragura. Lon. XS II E. lat. 43 4 N. Trebissiaci, a town cf Napic?, in Calabria U.terioic, fearrd on llic Tarenro, five miles E of C: Hano. Tretisond, alargc and firong fca- portol-' Natolia, in tiie provlrcr of Ama- fia, with a Ciieel<. avchbilhop's fc, and i caftle. It is fcatcd at the fjot of a very Iteep hi.l. The town is not pa- pulous j for there are mcic wuods and gardens in it than h^ ufes ; and th'..fe are but one ftory high. Tlie caHle is feated 011 a flat rock., with ditches CHt therein. The ha.bnur is at the E end of the town, ai.d the luolc built by the Genoefe is a'.n-.ofl: deftroycd. 1- ftanJs on the Clack Sea, IC4 miles N by W of Eizenim, and 440 E of ConiKiiuinople. Lon. 40 25 E, lat. 40 45 N. Treeitz, a town of Moravia, fsated on the lijlaw. It has a rnanu- f -ctoiy of cloth, anc^ "s ?,i m'.k's SE of Igla V, and 52 NW ot BuJw^is. TREiJENiTZ, a town cf S'lcfia, n^'ar which io a hill confiding < i a lox't cliy, or lione, wliich is formed into VJlleis of a'l kinds ; and, on bfing cxp led to the air, liiey U come as hard if they had been b.ikcd. Jc is iz m I ;s N of Brefl.iw. Trefurt, a town of Germany, '", tlie circle of Upper S.ixony and l.i.^dgr.iv. le of Hcdc, vvllh a caAle. It b^lonii,s to liie CA'dor of Mentz, and is 'eated nej'- the Vcita, 22 miles W of Sixv-Goiha. Treoannon, a corporate town of Ctrdigai.fliire, with a maikct onThurf- iiy. U is leatcti oa liie Tyvy, 15 -ji' - .. .. .■ TRE' miles S£ of Aberyftwitli, and 2C2 Vf by N of London. Tkegokv, a decayed borough of Co; Ovvall, with a market on Satuiday, It has no chinch, and only 150 he ■ fes po'^rly built. It is jcned on j creek by Fa'mouth haven. 41 miles W by S oi Plymouth and 245 of Ltxi. don. Lon. 4 43 W, lat. 50 16 N. Treguier, a fcaport of France, in the it partnieat of '.hL- 1^^ jrlh Coalt, ij mile:; N vV of St. Brieux. 'i'REiLEBURG, a feap'jrt of Swe- den, in the province of Schone-, featej on llii- Baltic, 30 miles SE of Copen. hagen. Lon. 13 26 E, lat. 55 26 N. Tre.mesen, or (aj pvunivu .ced by the ^IGors) 'I'lemsen, a province of the kingdom ot A glers ; bounded on the N by the Mediterranean, on the E by a province cai'rd /liiica, on ih- S by the dcieit of Zah^ra, and on t'ls \V by Fiz. It is above 570 m'les n lenj;th, and 125 in brcadtii ; ib ury, baircn, ard muUf.t.iinou", except on the N fide, whc;c there are pla'ns ab-undi;-,g in corn, fruits, and pad.. re;;. 1 he capital is r f the dme n.ime. Lon. 1 29 W, hit. 34 40 N. Tremiti, the ni;me of three if. lands of La y in the gulf of Vcnic, 15 miles f u.n the coail of Naples. They are ciiieJ Capiaria; St. Ni.-.olo, and St. Dan^'no. Tremoujlle, a town cf France, in tiie d.;p iitment of Vienne. feai'^d on ^Iic Eiiinaile, 32 mi es fro-n I'i,i« •■"..-iS. Lcn. I !oE, lat. 46 ■.',; W. Tremt, a well-iiih:ibii.r.d town of Spain, in Catalonia, Iratcd en ths river No;j,ueia Pailat-efa, 85 mihs NW of I>arctl )!ia. Ire NT, rr river cf N Ci^o'^na, which fa. is int ) the Neu<;, at New- born, wlicre it is three q aiteisofa mile broad. Trent, nn ar;cicnt and popuViis fntilied city of Germar^y, in the ru;i- tino, wiJi a billi >p's fee, wli;.fe bi- (Iiop is a piince of tlie empire, under the protcdliviu ol the li^ufe of Aui!ri.i. It w'.s f.nnu'iiy a free imperial ci:y, and iii famous lor a ccui.cii held licie^- Tj whiJi began in 563. Itisfeate .lips, on the riv NVV of Veriicc Lon. II 27 E, I, Trent, or the Ihopric of Germ u Alii ii and coun ki'xd among the Itaiy f,o:Ti Geimai N by Tirol Prope Fi;ltrino and Bei/u Vicciuino and tl 0,1 t!ie S and W b' L^ke di Gaida. Trent, a iarg( in Siartbrdf.iire, i fprings bttw:en Co Rivii'ji received tht KE drefflio 1, and < after its ju.idion wi crolfing tl\e lou.h< I tcun-.y, ai-.d forming I i;s leparation from tl: I coin and Nottingha/r ter cou:ity at its S' ti.cncctroiringob'iqi |a'ng itv whnl- eailei r,v,(,J tlie N part, luvetn that county an c.i,i;cr',f which itcrof IkO ihe riumbtr hek l'i:a!icl with the c . Ni.-.cl!), t )'.VI1 cf en the < s N\V li'O na, at New- tcis i)f a v; I'l n- v.fc i>'- ', u ruler Au.lii.i. l.il ci;y, Id U\i,- whivh began in 1545, and emkd m ^63t It J3 fcated at the foot of the .lips, on the river Adige, 67 miles NVV of Venice and 260 of Rome Lon. II 27 E, lit. 46 S N. Trent, or the Trentino, a bi- Ibopnc of Germuiy, in thi- circie of Aifi \i and county of T;r 1. It is ItiJcJ among the Alps, which divicie lo;y f.o:Ti Germany j bounded on the M by Tirol Proper, on the E by the Fi;ltrino and Beilunefe, on the S by Viceiitino and the Veionefc, and on t!ie S and W by tlic Br> ftijn.) and Lake di Gaida. T»erit is the capital. Trent, a lavge river which rifts In Si.iii'ordfaire, iffuing from three fpriiigs bttvv;en Couglttop and Leek. Rivii'i; ttceived the T.ime, it takes a NE d're whtil' caitern i.d?, foimin;;-, tcxiiJ the N pirt, the bou'iJaiy bc- uvan that coiinty and Lirc>''r /hi r, a c.i.ncr')f which itcrofl'es, and iheiVia.'H i.taUii.' liumbcr hel:.w Ga'i /b rouih. Fiaiitlwith t'iC c^u^fe of this rivtr tuiij a canjl, furmir.sj a conuru.ica- t):i bftween it ar.d the Meif:y, and Ijiiiiing it ai Wilder., it is navi[;ahle |ti:nu,;h .he who'.e of N..'tt'njia i.iliiie. Trenton, a town t'f N Anuric;), |c:fi..ii of New Jcrley, leated ■i.i the jD.iwjri, 3'; miles NE of Philadei. .1. l.iKi, 75 o W, lat. 40 15 N. Irep'i ow, a town of P.u.''i-i.i Fo- lirca^.i.!. It has a manui'.iitory cf Ift'ckings and w.>ollen fiufi-:, uiid is lf;it'.'d near the mouth of the Re^ja, L] ;r,i'f- NE of S.eiin. Lon. 15 19 |E, ijt. >4 ic N. Tkesen, or Tros.\, a r.:.apovt rf w.^xriy in S'l.l'.'rinania, ft'ated on the 'ific, 31^ n i.cs SW of Stockholm. "^. 17 2.; E, lai. 5;j o N. Tresh-^meu ItLF.s, four f'ltile iCirJson the W cmltot Scotland, bc- |>v«ii Ccl and Muli. Till T HIM ROW, a ftiong town of Poland, in Volhinia, feated en the Dnicfter, 45 miies bc-Iow K;ovv. Treves, or Triers, a;; ancicr.t and ctli.bratt'd city of Gi.'rrna;ij, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, c.ipi- tal of an archbifhopric of the f.ime name, whcfe archbifliop is an eiedtor of the empire. Ic has a ui-.ivrrljty, fcveral rcn-ins of antlq ity, and as many churches as any town in Ger- many. It has greatly fuffered in the wars, and is now neither large nor po • puluu.'". It was taken by the Fienth, Aujj. 10, 1794- It is fcated on the MoR'lIe ('vcr which is a handfome biid;^e) bttween twj mountains, lo miles NE of Luxemburg, 55 S by E of Cologne, and 450WNW ui Vienna, Lon. 641 E, at. 49 45 N. Treves or Triers, an eleflorate ofGeiin-iiy, in the tUiicof the Lnwer Rhine, b ur.dcd on the N by t!ie electorate of Cjl^gne, on the E by Weteia'i:, on the S by the pdat nate of the hh nu and Lorrain, atid on the V/ by Luxemburg. It is 100 miles in. ienj,;h, but the bread. h is very oltjir"* em. hislul! of muiijCii tand fo eftej and its i-.l;abit.-nts 'v^e fufilrcd great* iy in t'v? wars w^th I-'iance. Trsvi, a low'i of I.aiy, in Um» biia, 23 mifs SE ol Ftrn^.ia. Trevico a town of I'fap'c?, in Princ pacu Ulvcrici ■, wi'.h a biilio^'a f^;e, r; a.iico P, d Bcnevinto. Trevino, a ftiong ti.vn of Spain, in Bif..iy, witii a citadel, fcw.d on a hi I, near the AjiuJa,- 10 milts SW of Vidoiia. T» EViSANo, a rpaqu'fate of I:aly, in th" republic (^t Venice ; bounJtd on the E by Friu 1 and the gulf of Vctiii;e, on the S by thjt gulf, the DojiaJo, ai'.d tlie Pad..ano j on the N by tiie Fclirinoand the B'dluncfe, and 0.1 t!ie W by the V:c»ntm". The fn'l is fertile, an>. tliey export cattie, filli> and woollen doih. Trcvilo is the ca- l>ital. Trevis , nr Trevioo, a large and ancient city xi Italy, capital of thj maiquifate of Trcvifauo, witij an ar'-hbi Chop's Ice. It had foimerly a. univerfiiy, which was transf.rred td Padua. It is the refidchcu of maay TRT ncMt families, and is feated on tjie Siiis, 2o milrs N W of Venice. Lon, 12 25 E, lat. 45 44 N. Tkevoux, an ancient town of Fiance, in the department of Ain. Here is apiintirg- ffice. celebrated for the literary j Jiirrals compofcd by the jcfuits of th • college of Louis Ic Grand, entitled * Memniics df Trevoux,' and for the« Diaionnai rUnlverfei.' Tre- voiix is fc:ici'd on tht f;de of a h il, On the Saont', 11 milfs N of Lyonb, and i8S S hy ;• oi Pari-. Treys A, a t,iw:i if Germany, ^n the cicje of ihc Upper Rhine a;-, I lTKit,r.'.vate < f I!t(r- . 1; .s tiie capital of vhc (.ountv of Zic^' niieim, n;.d is fe.ued in a hill, near the Sc'.v.jiIit , 17 mi:e.s N of Maipui^. Lon. v, r^ E, lit. 50 50 N. Triz zo, a town rf I:?!y in the M'UiiiMc, U'.-.tcd 0!) the A I, on the fioiKiers Cif Bergjn.jiCo. Lin. 9 X5 E, lit. 45 41; N. TRTBrstus, a-» ancient town 'f Swediih Pon. crania, wiih a caft.e, fpiud n^'.n the Trebel, 25 miles from R.iiiock. Ljn. 13 8 E, int. 54 iN. Iriers. See I'revfs. TRif. ST, an anciei' and ftiong feap .rt or Genrany, i . th" ciicli* 01 Ai:(>'i.» and diithv of Cui i >la, wi.h a bilho, 's i-i-, Ih; h.;b;,ii s fpjcicuf., bnt ,i;ii i^io'l ; l)c';:ii: i.LVT, \c, the W aiivi SW win;i , Tnc .uh bltautshave a i^(.cd UMc i- i^U, oil. almortj , iron, &c. i)ifut,li; um i/.uhach ; .n.d thfy mukc j,. 1.-,'. winis. Ic Is Ic.'t ^ CM ihc \uir ^ t it })1I1, on the pulf vf y-.UKt^ e.j^^ui m"'!; ? N of Cipoc'lliria, uti.i So NL of Venice, Lon. 14 4 1', i.it 45 6 N. TRiM, c'lC county t vvn of E I^.'t'.ili, in Ireland, feaffd on the I^oyre, 23 mi'ts NW of Dublin. Trinccm A Lr., a .own («rv thv- E f)d- of rl'.f iUtid of C.yion. '1 he h;irbi.iir ii the flnCil in the Ea.ili)- Oici. . Il wjs talcc;) from il.c Dii.ch, by ^he Englifli. in Janua.y 1-82 ; ret.ilc;Mi by the French in Aujjull- foi 1 win^ J and leitoied ti the Dutch in 17^3. Iris fcjt'.'d on a gult of the the fame iMiiic, too mii: s N'Euf Can- il> Loii.. 81 5a ii), iac. 8- 45 N, TRt Tring, a town of Hertford/liir? with a market on Friday, 22 miles W of Hertford, and 31 WNW of London, Trinidad, a fertile iflard of S America, in the gulf of Mexico, k. pavated from Paria, in Terra Firma, by a ftrait, calkd by the Spani.ird: LaB(;cadelDrago(the Dragons Mouth) on account of the adverfe currents and tempeftuous waves encountered here, when this ;fland, %vith the neigh- btifjring continent, wa; fi, ft difcovcred' by ColuiTib'is in 1498. It produces fn. gir, cott n, Indian corn, fine tob,icc% a!;d frii:' j but the air i3 urh^althy, It was t Jc-.i in 1595, by fir Waltit Rjleigi., and in 1676, by the Frcr.rh,, who p undcred and left it. It is 6j miles '/>ng, and 45 broad, Loii. fum 60 -: ■ ) ('I 30 vV, !at. from 92210 10 ?-c. N. ■; RiNiDAD, a town of Nfvv Spain, -n ihe^u.ierueof Guariir.ul.!, {^^.-i, on the P,)c (ic <,)cejn, 70 tn;'e3 .Si;;if Cuitmald. Lon. 89 30 \V, lac. n 50 ^'■ Trinidad-, a' town of S America, in th« rew lcin;^dom of C 1.1 3,15, feated on the Madalena, 5S ni;lei NV/ of S,Hita Fe dc Bogota. Loi.. 73 ^j VV, l^t. 4 45 N. Trino, a fortifi::.! tnwn of T'Vf, in M ;iitt'errat. It Aas tdlu.;i n 17C.|,| by tiic French, who ab- n r^: ci it in J 706. It is f It d r.e it tt>c V \ 1 h.ihsNW cf Cafi!, a'.d 35 N£cf| Tui n. Tripoli, a once fl luiifhin; townl of Da.hiry, r pi.jl .iL a country of the] f m-; na n?.. It was talce.i by the fin- t-er ;i Giatlcs V,. who fettled tbsl kij'ghts of Rh )aes h"rc; but tlicyl were cxptlie.i by the T ik- in ija.I 1: has ftill fome ludv ii» iluff. nf<[ frin, Cirn,oii, d te.-', oftiich feadfrs)! .i?id ikiiis.; but tliey make mTiof tiej Chr'ltians t.tkt-ii at fei, ai;d i'l.htl ranf. med, or f lU or fltvcs. Tiij-oliiil fratM on the Meditona: can, !i}| nilcs SE of T lif, and iyotStoll Algierb. Lon. 13 12 E, lat. 3i]|| N. TripolIi '>ne of the piratical tol of Bi:bJiy, bounded on the N iiy tl'tT Mediterranean, oa the £ by the dcluil TRO TRU •f Bsrca, on the S by Fezzan, and on /hop's fee. It was hjlf ruined by air the W by Biledulgerid and Tunis. It earthquake in 1633, and is fejted on is a fertile country, except the E part, tlie top of a rock, on the E coaO, jo which is a defcrt. It is 915 miles miles NW of Nicotera, and 45 N by along the coaft, but the breadth is va- E of Reggio. Lon. 1624E, lat. 38- rious. It had thi; title of a kingdom, 42 N. but is now a republic, governed by a Tropes, St. a feaport of France, dej, eledled by the foldiers. in the department of Var, with a cita» Tripoli, an ancient and confide- del, (eated on the bay ot Gnauuld, on rable town of Syiia, on the Mcditena- the Mediterrane.m. iz n'.ilfS SW of ne?n. The inhabitants are near 6o,oco, Frejus, and 58 E of MarlViUes. Lon» confuting of Turks, Chriftians, and 6 44 E, lat. 43 16 N. Jews. It is defended by a citadel ; Troppaw, a ftrong town of Auf- and before it is a fandbank, wh'ch in- trian Silelia, the capital of a duchy of creafes fo much, that, in time, it is the fame name, with an a ci-.i^tcaftle.- thoujht, it will ch )ke up the harbour. It is or.e of the principal t^wns in Si- whichis two milfj Wof thc! town. It iefia. It wjs taken by the Faifliins is therefidenceof a baihaw, and-is i»o in 1741 ad 175ft, ^^^ reft>rcd each miles S of Scandercon, and go NW of lime. It is feated 'm the Opp^ and- Damafcus. Lon. 36 20 E, lut. 34 Mn3, w);;- chandlery, candies, aid wine, I(. is ff Mfd on the Seine, 30 miles ENE of Sens, and 90 ESE of Paris, Lon. 4 10 E, 'at. 4S 13 N. TuoY, the file of a clpbratcd city the St. Lawrence, 55 miles bW of of NiUolia, anciently called Tr>ja or Qaf'bcc. Lon, 7 1 20 W, lat, 46 Ilium, and celebrated fnt a tiege 35 N. wliich it fui^ainea, f-r ten ycnrs, be- Troki, a town of Lithuania, capi- fnvc it was taken by the Qr^^eks, ill tal of a palatinate of the fame nnme, the year 1184 B C. It wa; I'eited at J2 miles W of Wilna, and 75 NE of the for.t of M.iun*^ Ida, on the Icacoift Grodno. Lon. 25 13 E, lat. 5440 oppofite the ifle of Tenedns, but Mr. N. Wood fiys, that not a llngle ftone- Tron, St. a '^cwn in the birtiopric remains to point out its c\a(\ fi- of Liege, with a fimous Beneditlinc tuation, Lon. 26 30 E, I:>t. 39 40 ablwy, 21 miles WNWof Lii:ge. N. Tropea, a populous town ofNa- Trugillo, a town of Terra Flr- flcs, in Calabria Ultciioie, wUhabi- mn, in Venezuela, 120 miles St o£ I ' ■ Tsr the lake of Maracabo. Loiit 7 4Q W»" Jar. 946N. W..,V^J>ft.f;-v4£M;:>r Chinefe families emlgiated thither af. t*.-rwajd J ard, in lefs than ten years, thn iflaiul w.s peopled and cuiiiv.'tfd, Iis principal revcriue aiiles from fait, which is maJe in luth abundance, tha; it can fupply rood of the ni'ighbcuririg countries. In this ifland is only one city of the third clafs ; bot vi'ligrs are fo rumerous, that they feem to touch each other, and to foim one cont iiuej city. The a r is healthful and ten.pe. rate, the country delightful, and in- leriedted by many canals. Lon cf its SE end 121 ^5 E, lat. 30 15 N. TSUEN TCHEOW FOU, a city of China, in the provit ce of Fo-kien. In its dilhift are feven cities of the third clafs ; and Its fitualion, extent, CODimetce, triumphal arches, templrs, and well paved ft.ects, fccure it a dlf- tinguiftied rank among the moft beau- tiful cities in the empire. TuAM, a city of Ireland, In the . * / O •• »» IM mnU's, but to ca- efjuilly beneficial TUD •foiiifyT'fCalway, vf'f'ntn arclibifhrp's f e J on w'lic 1 ,icc!>ir't it is call"!! ) city, thoUj^h 11 w or'y a V'll.i^p. V\> 20 miles NNE of Ga'way, mi a? Vv -jW <>f R fcnmniyn. Lin. 8 46 W.hf. 51 33N. TuBA.*i, one ofthi^ ftrongf ft towns in ftv3, w'.tli a harb-'ur, and 1 kii.j otits 'vvn. lii: feul .'d n-i the NcoafVof til'-- id md. Lon. 1 1 1 51 E, lat-.6 o S. 'J'upiNGKN, a town ot Suabifl, the fei;>nd in the duchy of Wiitemburg, with a upiverfity, and a c:j(lle ; (fit f.l on the Ncc'cif, 20 niiies S\V of Sta'^aid, and 50 E of Sciufburg. L>n. 04 E, lat. 48 30 N. TucuMAN, nn ext^nfive giv?rn- ment nfSpanifh S Aincrics, lyinn; be- tvvien Chili and Paragii;iy, toih-Eof tlis And;s, and W of the river De !a V.iiii. This pi.ivince, with the coun- try S of that liver, forms an extenfive pi in, almoft without a tree. Th? iol is a deep fertile mould, watered by ir.ai-y ftrcams from the Andes, and c'ot'ifd in perpetual verdure. In th'S rich j>afturage, the horfcs and cat le imported from Europe ha\c rTiultiplied to ail aliii'sft incredible degree. Th'S Ins enabled the inhabitants, not only to open a lucrative trade wllh Peru, by firiplying it with cattle, horfes, and mul 's, but to carry on a commerce, equdly beneficial, by the exportation of bloes to Europe! notwithrtanding which, the tovvns in this country are no better thin pSitry village?, to which trie Spaniards have endeavoured to add f,m° dignity, by erecting them into b"(hoprics. Tucuman is under the j« irjiifi jn of the new viccroyalty at Buenos Ayres. Ti'cuYO, a town of Vencineli, in 1 erra Firmi, in a valley of the fame rame^ A river runs through the middle of the valley ; the air is good, a';d the foil alwunds in fugar- canes, cotton, &c. Lon. 69 2 W, lat. 7 31 N. TUDDINGTO!*, a towH of Bed- fordilii.e, with a market on Saturday, almnftdifufd. It is five miles NW of Dnnftable and 35 of London. TuDKLA, a confiderable town of Spain, in NAvaire, .with «k caftle. It >TVE ftands c,h th.; Ebro, ever vvh'ch ij a hridforne bridg?, 45 miles NW of Sars^olla, and moIs'E cf MaJrid. Tver, a govjrnm'int of Rullii in Europe, 011c an independent princ pa- lity, ui.itcd t, the empire by Ivan V'jmlie" tch, in 1490, and comprifed in th ' governmfntot Novogorod, (Vj.-n which it has been fepara:ed. The po- pulation has itirr^ifed to a furprifir-j d:gree; a circumftince, evincing the advantai-e afifi' g from her imocrial maj"iiy j new code of lavs. It was the fir'.l province pewly -modelled ac- CHidi!-;g to that code; and it hjs expe- rier.ced thf bencficiai efi*';^.'! of thefc excellent regubtionj. The country pn:duc:'5 abji dantly all kinds of coin and vcg!'t,.b'es. hs forcth yield the tr.o.'l vT);)eii3!i(ts, in 1 NVV of Colmar. TuncOMAM Turkey in Afuj Turcomans, Trukhmenian who fpeak the Ti T.utar language, ar %e of Motint Ca the Ca'pian abcut i L'temilh, and the tories between the Ahz)n. Sjme o the khan of Cuba who icfidcs at Nu. the fovcrcgn of G TUH,ENN£, a the dcpartii)ont caili.-, 4j niiles S Ti'RiN, an a fliiiriifii,\g city of l'ie'linoni,aiii reli, th;' king of Saiili,-,, Aiu's (ee, and a un cd at the foot of th fluciice of theDoi th: lirs'tts are vv cic.in, ffra'ght, a (!)ine agreeable obj trcm-,y well f)rtiti is a injiler^iecc of i'r.rx.^ b-fi.'gcd il I'Uipiince Eu^jene , f>rc (he vva.is, tot Mmy, and compel, p H'- Turin u 60 01 ID I TUR n/iles In length from E to W, and 150 in breadth tiom N to S. This coun- try, tor the m (i part, is healthy and frrtile, in the S excepted, where there src many findy aird barren deserts i anH there the heat is excelfive. Though Tunis iscalic-d aivingdom, it is, infa^, a:) arlft jcratic republic j governed by n dlv.in, or council of ita'.e, at the head ot which is the bey. The tftabiifhed r.''it;ion of th; country is Mjhoni-ta- nifm ; and ih? inhab'.tants coMfiit of M'ors, T' rks, Arabs, J'-ws, aiiJ Chrlftlan flaves. TuRCKHEiM, a town of France, In the depaitme^t of Upper Riii.'ie, mur the rier dhnar, remarkable for a viiSory gained by Turcnne, over thL- ii-Ti;)eiiali(ts, in 1675. I: is a mile NW of Colmar. Tup.coMAMA, a province of Tiiik^y in Afia, now called Ar- JHE NIA. Turcomans, Terekemens, or Trdkhmenians, a people or Afj.i, who (peak the Turkifli dialed! of the T.irtar language, and inhabit the eaftern flop; of Mount Caucaius, the coaft ox the Cn'pian abs'Jt B')inak,Deibent and Utemilh, and the fouthern promon- tories between the fea and the iivcr Alszm. S.)ir,e of them are fubjedt to the khan of Cuba } others to a chief who rcfidcs at Nu!c!iu ; and a ihiid to th:; fiivcrc'^n of Georgia TuH,ENN£, a town of France, in the dcjiartiiient of Correze, wi.h a caili-', 42 m:les S of Limoji'S. TvRiN, an acicnt, pipul us, and flmriitii;ig city of Ita'y, t!)e c^piuJ of I'iCilinoni, aiii rcli.ieiHe I'f its foveicign th;' king of Saivlinla, with an aichbi- Jliiu's (ce, and a univerfity. It is f. at- eJ at the foot of the Alps, at the con- fluence of the Dorla ar.d Po. M >({ of ih: Hrci'ts are vvc 1 buiit, U!-ilf.)ini, dean, ftr.vg'^t, and terminating on (iime agreeable objcft. Turin is ex- treme. y well fortified, anv.1 the cit;\dci ib a !iu lerj iecc of arciii eiCtuic. The Fr'nc b- figged this city in 1706; I'ui piiiicc F.u^ene artatked ihcm be- fjie the vva lo, tot?lly deleated tiuir avmy, and coiiipcipd tiem to raife die ii^i^ Turin is 60 r&ilcs N£ of Ce- TUR noa, 65 SW of Mi'an, and 280 NW of Rome. Lon. 7 45 E, lat. 45 5 N. Ti'RKEY, a large empire, extend- ing over part of Europe, Afu, and Afiica. Turkey in Europe is bound- ed on the N by RufTu, Fol.md, anj Sclavonij ; on the E by the BUck Sea, the fea of iMarmora, and the Arcirps- Jago, on the S by the Mediterranean, and on the VV by that fea a-.d the Venetian ;ind Auilrlan ti-rr'torie.^. It contains BeHarabia, MoiJavia, Wa- Jachia, Bu'garla, Servia, Eofnii, Ro- miiiia, Macedonia, Janna, LivjJia, Albania, part of Croatia an.^ 'Dahratia, and the Morea. Thef.- countii s 'i^ betwe'-n 17 and 40^ E lon, and 36 and 49" N lat. extending abo;jt icoo miles in length and 900 in bre :uth. Turkey in Afu is bounded on the N by the Black Sea and Cirer.iria, on the E by Pcrfia, on the S by Arabia and the Mcdicerranean, and on the W by the Archipt laijo, the fea of Mar- mora, a d th- llraits of Conftantinople, I: lies between 17 and 46° E lon. and 28 and 45" N lat. extending loco miles in length and 800 in breadth j and containing the couiitries of Irac- Arabia, Diarbeck, Curdiftan, Armenia, part of Circaffia, Natolia, and Syjla, with Palcftine, or the Ho y Land. In Afiica, the Turks have ftill a preca- ri-ius fnvereignty over Egypt. Of thefe countries (which fee refpeftively) the c imate, pvoduttions, manners, &c. mull be various. Conftantinop)e is th.' capita! of all Turkey. Polygamy is allowed among the Turks j but their wives, properly foc^iltd, are no mofe ih.;n four ia number. The grand fignior is abf )lure mafter of the g ).)as a'ld lives of his fubie(£\s, infomuch that they are httlc better th«n llaves. The grand v zir is the chief next the e;npcror; hut it is a danger us phice, for he often depofes them, and iakis off their heads at hia pieafure j but, though the grand ignior has fiuh pro- digious power, he feldom extendi it to peif'ns. in p.ivate Me, who may re- r.Kiin as quiet as in any other part of the world. The Turks b.lieve in one God, and that his great prophet is Mahomet. TUS TWI Ti'RNArAiN, Capf, a capp, of rrnlc heir: huT, in 1735, wh;n ffi. ■flir lli ifi c;l Nt V.' ZvMl.ind. Lr,n, 176 f>vcrcignty of Nj;i'es and Sicily wis ■56 E, Lit. 4c 28 S. confirmed to thjt piincc, h- was ob- TuRNiiAM GKrr.N. a vIMi^-e of ligcd to renounce h's risht to Tufcirv MiJ ifkx, m tt e p:itiih or Ch (wclc. in f'lvour otTiMncls I, cnipcDr of Gt'r. I-I(rre loiJ Hcithflcld, the ceUIrjtcd mJny, tlien duk'! of Loir,»iii, to uhni drfciilcr i-if Ciio.a't.ir, hj-t a vi:i.i, it was ceded as .in equivalent /or tiiit wheic he died. Ic is five miles W ot' diicliy, which he !i id given iri tj Lji'.don. Fiance. Florence is th' c.v.Vital. ' TuRNHouT, a town of Auflrian Tuscaroras. See Oneidas. Brilwiir, 24 miirs NE of Antwip. Tusis, a town and community rt" Hf-re, in 1596, prirce Maurice of Njf- Swiderland, in the county of the Cri. fau, at the head of only 2cc caval.-Vi f ns, featcd near ths t.)rreiit Nulli t tdlly defeated the Spania;d:> conllil- at the bcginrirg of rhe val ey of Toir,. irg of 6cco horfc. li.ifcn, 16 miles S by W of Coir*. Tl'rsi, a t'lwn of N.'pl'.s, in-Eafi- Tutbury, a town ofStafinrdiliV., licata, feated on the Sino, 5c miles with a maikft 0.1 TucfJay. Hire jrc S\V of Bari. fome ruins ci 3 i3'i;e ca(1l?, wh'cii Turtle Island, nn iflarJ in ft od on a,i al ibjft. r hill. Hercear; tVic Pacific Ocean, Lon. 177 5 W, (■xr:'nrive profie^is. Tutbuiy is 15 niles E of Siaft'ord, and 134 NE a' LoMoi^n. Tl-taccrin, a populous town rf lat. 19 4S S Tuscany, a. fovcrcign fi?re of Ica'y, with the title of a grand duc'iy ; bt/unvkd on the N by Roma^na, t!:e the periinfuhi of HindoolVm, in t'je B)l'>gnkf, the Mo.irnffe, and the Carnatic, '-ppofite rhe ifljnd ofCejl". raimtfan ; on the S by the Mediii-r- Here the Dutch have a fa'^^ory. It is ra'K-aii ; on llie E by the duchy of Ur- 60 miles NE of Cape Comoiiii. L:i:. bint*, the Perugino, the Oivieto, tlic 76 40 E, lat. 8 15 N. patrimony of St. Peter, and the duel. y Tuxfo'rd, a town of Nottingliam. ' ofCartro j and on the W by the Medj- (hire, witli a market on Monday, i] trrrancan, the terrltoVy o^ Lurca, and milt-s N by Wof Ncwarlc and 137 of that of Genoa. Ic is 150 miles in London. .length, and iro in breadth. The TuY, a ftrong town of Spain, in Arnois the piincija! river. There are Gaiicia, with a bifhop's fef. It is a feveial m-untains, whii.h ab.und in froniier towi toward Portu^iil, and'is mines and qi^anio ; ajd the country, featcd on the top of a mouniain, n»jr in geneiai, is fertile in corn, w^ne, the M;nh>, 62 mill's S cf Comp !iel- and fruit. The inh.ibii.int;. are diflin- la, and 254 VV of Madrid. Lon. S gufl.cd by their attachment to com- 12 W, lat. 42 4 N. merte, an! liav." cftablifh^d various ma- Twxed, a river cf Scotland, which nuf-iftor'es, particularly "ffilks, fliift's, rif 5 in the mount inous tra-H or P.f- earthen ware, and t^.ilt leather Theyjre blesfhire, ca' eJ . Tv'eedfinuir, I'.ani much vilitcd by forei^.iK rs, on r.ceourt the bT,.id;ny bftw; en Berv.'ickmir: of their politcncfs, and b.-cauf; the and Noithunb^'riain!, and fai.s into the Tufcan language is tlie pur;ft jn ail German Ocean, at B-. iwicic. • 'Italy. This duchy is dividvd into Tweeddale. S;c Peef.lks* three parts; namely, the Florentino, shire. 'the Piiano, and the Sii-nricfe. J ihii Twickenham, a viilaje of M»!. Gaft.in, t!ie lalt dv:Ite of Tufcany, of dlefcx, a^iorned w,ih m.my hanJIaiti: the houf-: of Mi.Jicis, died in 1737, vilia^, of v\hii.h twoare particulm y c:- .without leaving any heirs male. By Icbrated ; namely, that which w.is the I the treaty of London, in 1718, the em- favourite nfidci.ce of Po; >-, the gar- p^ror Cha; !"s VI, had proaiifcd Tufca- dens cf wh'ch, as plant. d by hiwi, m\ cv) as-afu'f of the empire, to d JO Carlos, ftill lirpt up, witii jjie.^.c care and vr.l infant cfS^ain, as being the ncarcfi ncration, by the pTsfent proprktor,! T YR V AD h?n 'hi cHy wis was ob- rufcr.y, r of Cjtr- to -.vhom t for til it ?.n up ti Vital. EIDAS. Tiunity ft" f the CM- :nt Noll', y of T'.IT.. Coir?, jfiordili'r'., H(.r? .'.re (\1', wh'ch tierce are buiv is I^ jt NEa" )US tow^ ff 1j!i, in tl;e idofCe^l'". ^ory. It is lOiin. L:;i'.. k ottinglv.iir,. Monday, i; t ana 137 t'l lordMendip; and Strawberry Hill, the lifgant Gothic retreat of the eail of Orford, better known as Mr. Horace Walpole. In the church. Pope and his parents are interred, ana thrre is 1 1 monument to his memory, erefted by bilhop Warburtun. Some gunpow- l^r and oil-mills are on a branch of I the Coin, which flows here into the iThamcs. Twickenham is eleven lipijes WSW of London. TwitDSMUiR, rugged and heathy [pouncains, in the S part of Peebles- ]|iir«. Tycokzin, a town of Poland, in IPolachia, with acadle and a mint. It lit felted on the Narew, za miles NW lifCidik. TvDORS, one of the Molucca Inlands, two leagues from Teriiste. Tyni, a river of Northumberland, Ifjrmed of two branches, which uniting libove Hexham, form a large river, ihich flows to Newcaftle, and enters Ithe German Ocean, at Tinmouch. Tyke, a river of Haddingtonfhirc, |»hich waters Haddington, and enters AcGermjn Ocean to tlie W of Dun- f Spiiin, m Ic is i ->!, and'is uniaiii, n«« CciTH' iici- d. Lon. S itland, which] tva^ of P.c- Vnuif, I' ■■mi I Ecrv/.ckfnh lf.ii.sii'to'.!ie' ick, lllijc of M»i- Iny hariOl".'!f»: juticulaf y Ihich W.1S iht ■, the gif Id by hull, M c-Ave and vr- Int prorrttwr, Tyre, a feaport of Syria, in that |irt formerly called Phoenicia, once a KC! of exceedingly great trade. It is lofimous for a nieilfilh, wliich dies fine purple, thence called the Ty- imdie. Tyre was deilroyed by Alex- er the Great, in the year 332 B. C. id (in exaft confoimity to the pra- tcies ill the Old Teftament) is now thing but a heap of ruins. It has y harbours, onu exceedingly good ; icotiier choked up by the ruin.i cf If city. It is 60 mibs NW of Da- i!c«3, Lon. 35 20 E, he. 33 oN. TvRNAW, a large well- fortified of Upper Hungary, in the pala- jteof Trentfchin, 30 miles NE of ihurg, Ljn. 17 33 E, lat. 48 M. [Tyrone, a county of Ireland, in ptovinte of Ulfter, 46 miles in ijth, and 37 1'. breadth j bounded the N by Londonderry, on the E AtitiJgh and Lough Neagh, on the " hy Fermanagh, and on tue W by (g^l> It is a rough country, but tolerably fruitful ; contains 30 parilk- es, and fends 10 members to parlia- ment. The capital is Dungannon. Tysted, atownofN Jutland, in the territory of Alburg, with a citadel, feated on the gulf of Limford, 44 miles NW of Wiburg, and 46 W of Alburg. Lon. 8 25 £, lat. 56 54 N. Tyvy, or Teivy, the principal river of Cardiganfliire, which ifTues from a lake, waters Tregannon and Llanbcder, and enters the bay of Car- digan, below the town of that name. TzAOURiLLA, a town of Ndtolia Prop-r, near the river Sangar, or Adu, 6 J miles SE of Ifnic. Lou. 31 8 E, lat. 39 o N. TzARiTZYN, a town of the Ruf- fian empire, in the government of Sa- rat'if, feated on the Volga, 120 rnilei NW of Ailracan. Lon. 45 25 E, lac. 43 o N. V and U ■XTAAST, St. a town of France, la tlic department of the Channel, five milci from H.irfleur. Vache, La, an iduid of the Weft Indies, cff the S coaftof Sr. Do- mingo, oppnfite St. Louij. It vv.ts formerly a rendezvous of the buca- niers, whj began a fettlenient here in 1673- Vaerf.s, a town of France. In the deparimir't of Avcir.in. Thjugh an epiCcopal fee, bcfjre the revoiution, it is I ttle better than a vill.igcf. It has fome ni inufaftorit? off'.-rges, dimitii'S, and cottons, and is feated at the con- fluence of two rivers that fall into the Tarn. It is 30 miles SE of Ro- dez. Vacha, a town in the landgravate of Hcire-CaflV-l, 40 miles SE ofCailbl. Vada, 3 town of Tufcany, fs^cd on the Tufcan Sta, 20 miles S nf Leghorn. Lon. 10 ao E, lat. 43 15 N. Vado, a feaport of Italy, in tlie territory of Genoa, with a fort. It 13 tliree miles W of Savona, and 24 SW of Genoa. Lon. S 8 £» iJt. 4^ ISN. VAL Vadstiin, a town of Sweden, in £ GL;rhland, featcd on the £ fide of Jake Wetter, near the river Motala, 32 miles W of Noidltioping, The kings of Sweden had formerly a palace here, 11 iw in ruins. Vaena, a town of Spain, in An- dalufia, feated at the fauice of the Caflro, 23 miles S£ of Cordova. Vaiminckn, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the Neckar, 24 miles SWof Hai bron. Vaisiaux, an iflaiid of N Ame- rica, OQ the N coaft jf Ljuiflan.i, be- tween the mouths of the MiiTifllppi and the Mobile, with a fmall harbour. Vaison, a decayed town of France, in the Venaifun, with a bifliop's fee. It was lately fubjeft to the pope, and is featcd on a mountain, on which is a Ciftie, nea> the river Oreze, and the ruins of ancient Vailon, which was one of the large (t cities of the Gauls. It i-s 15 miles NE of Orange and ai of Avignon. Val, a village of the Netherlands, three mUes \v of Maeftricht, where, in 1744, marflial Saxe '^htained a vif^ory over the duke of Cumberland. Valdai, a town of Ruflia, in the government of Novogorod, on the left iide of the lake of tlic fame name. Its environs rife pleafantly into gentle eminences, and abound with beautiful lakes, fprinkled with woody idands, and /kilted by forefts, cornfields, and paflure-. Valdai Hills, hills of Ruflia, in the government of Njvogorod, which, though of no confidcrable ele- vation, are the higheft in this part of tlie country. They feparate the rivers, which flow toward the Cdf))ian, from tfiole which tdke their courfe toward the- BaJdic. Valdai, Lake of, in the go- vernment of Novogorod, in RuHia. It is 20 miles in circumference, and is the largeft in the country round the town of Valdai. In the nmklle of it is an ifland, containing a convowt, which rifes, with its numerous fpires, among a duller of furrounding trees. Val-di-Demona, a province in the NE angle of Sicily. It means the VAL valley of demons, and is fo called becaufc Moun; £tna is fituatc in thij province, which occafioncd ignorant and fuperftitioui people, at the time of its fiery eruptions, to believe it waj a chimney of hell. The capiul is Meflina. Valdi-Mazara, a province lu the W angle of Sicily, fo called from a town of the fame name. It conuins Palermo, the capiul of the whole if. land. Val-di-Noto, a province at the SE extremity of Sicily j fo called f.o its capital. Val Ombrosa, a cekbratd mo ■aftery of Tufcany, in the Appenninc^ 15 miles E of Florence. Valckenburg, or FAuq^n MONT, a town of Dutch Limburj In 1568, it was facked by the Sta. nlards, and, in 1672, was taken b the French, who demoiiflied the J'orti fications. It is feated on the Gculi eight miles E of Maeftricht. Valckowar, atown of Sdavoni feated near the confluence of the W, po and Danube, between EtTccic a Pcterwaradin, 70 miles NW ofB'; grade. Valence, an ancient, confide ble, and populous city of France, the department of Drome, with a /hop's fee, a citadel, and a fchool at' tiliery. It is feated on the Rhone, miles N by E of Viviers, and 335 by £ of Paris. Lon. 4 52 £, lat. 56 N. Valence, atown of France, the department of Lot an! Cx.m fituate on the Garonne, 12 miles fi Agen. Valence d'AlcantarAiJC fidcrabh and populous town of Sp, in Eflramadura, with an old c; It is very flrnng by fituation, fc built on a rock, near the Savjr, miles SW of Alcantara, and4oN| Baddjoz. Valencey, a town of FraiiCi the department of Indre, with acii featcd on the Nabon, 15 inilci" Romorentin. Valencia, a province ofS] formeily a lyngdom } boundeJ 0: E and S by t NE by Catal, lagon, and 01 anJ Murcia, and 6x in b pleafant and p for here they and it is fcrtil life. In the 1 gold, filver, ! VALENcii til of the prov It contains 12^ walls, befide tl pleafure-garder amount to the archbiAop's f^t The Moors wei the 13th centu the earl of Pe:e loft again two j feveral fljuri/hi cloth and /iik j rt.niinsofantiqi ed on the Guada diterranean, 130 L-in. o 10 E, /ai Valencia, Terra Firma, in I nccas, feated on miles SW of Porl 30 W, Jat. 9 50 Valenci£ni fiderablc, and pop in the departmen late province of H divides it into twt important place j fortifications are tl ^" 1793> it was »ftcr a fevere liege] withaut rc/i/tance,l '794- Be/ide Jac[ h manufaftories . veiy fine linens. of Mens, 17 N] "0 of Paris. Lol 21 N, "alenzo-oo-] town of Portugal, ij Douero. It ij fe^ J ""r the Minho, Tuy. Valentiki^ T A L C and S by the Mediterranean, on the NE by Catalonia, on the NW by Ai-. ragon, and on the W by New Caftile anJ Mutcia. It is i6z miles in length, and 6x in breadth, and is the mod pleafant and populous country in Spain; for here they enjoy a perpetual fpring, and it is fertile in all the neceHaries of life. In the mountains are minet of gold, filver, and alum. Valencia, a city of Spain, capi- tal of the province of the fame nam;. It contains 11,000 houfes within the walls, befide thofe in the fubucbs and pleafure-gardens around it, which amount to the fame number. It is an archbiAop's fee, and has a univerlity. The Moors were expelled from it, in the 13th century. It was taken by the earl of Pe:erborough in 1705, and loft again tsvo years after. Here are feveral fl,)urifl>ing minufaftorics of cloth and fiik ; and here are feveral rt.nuns of antiquity. Valencia is feat- ed on the GuaJalaviar, near the Me- diterranean, 130 miles ESEoi" Madiid. L'>n, o 10 E, lat. 3; 23 N. Valencia, New, a town of Terra Firma, in the province of Ca- raccis, featcd on lake Tocarigua, 57 miles SW of Porto Cavallo. Lon. 65 30 W, lat, 9 50 N. Valenciennes, an ancient, con- fiderable, and populous city of France, in the department of the North and late province of Hainault. The Scheld divides it into two parts. It is a very important place ; and the citadel and fortifications are the work of Vaubin. In 1793) it was taken by the allies, after a fevere fiege j but it furrendcrcd, withaut refiftance, to the French, in 1794. Befide lace, this city is noted for manufaftories of woollen fluffs and very fine linens. It is zo miles WSW of Mens, 17 NE of Cambray and no of Paris. Lon. 3 41 E, lat. 50 II N. Valenzo-oo-Minho, a fortified town of Portugal, in Entre-Minho-e- 1 Douero. It is featcd on an eminence, I near the Minho, three miles S of JTuy. Valentinb, a town of Fiance, VAL in the department of Upper Oaronne* nine miles N£ of St. Berttand. Valenza, or Valentia, a ftrong town of Italy, in the Milanefe, capital of the Lomelinc, and fubjeft to the king of Sardinia. It has been often taken and retaken, and is feat;d on a mountain, near the Po.. li inilei E of Cafal, and 33 5\V of Milan. Lon. 8 56 E, lat. 44 58 N- Valetta, a city of Malta, ca- pital of that ifland. It is wonderfully ftrong both by nature and art, being fcated on a pcninfula, between two of the fineft p jrts in the w irld, which are defended almoft by impregnable forti- fications. Being built on a hill, none of the ftreets, except the qu^y, are level. They are all p.^ved with white frceftone, which not only creates a great dud, but, from its colour, is fo offenfive to the eyes, that mo.t of the inhab'tants .ire remai kably weak- light- ed. The principal buildings are the palace of the grand maft.-r, the infir- mary, the arlenal, and the magnifi- cent church of St. John, the pave- ment of v-hich is the richeft in tlie world J compofed entirely of fepulchral monuments of the fineft marbles, por- phyry, lapis lazuli, and a variety of other valuable ftones, admirably joined together, at an incredible expence, and reprefentipg, in a kind of Mjfaic, the arms, infignia, &c. of the pcrfons v/hofe names they commemorate. Aa aqueduft of fome thoufand arches, e- rcitcd at the nrivat-; expence of one of the grand rnaftcrs, conveys water to this city from a fpring near Melita. An ifland, in the centre of the N har- bour, has a caftlc and a I'z^retto ; and, notwithftanding the fuppofed bigotry of the Maltefe, here is a mofque, in which the poor Turkifh flaves are per- mitted to enjoy their religion. The Turks belcged this city, in 1566, but were compelled to raife the fiege, with the lofs of 30,000 men. Valet- ta ii fituate oppofitc Cape PafTcro la Sicily. Lon. 14 34 E, lat. 35 54 NT, Valittk, a town of France, \n the department of Charentc, lo 'tiU* S of Angoulcnoe. Bb» . ' "■ I' I ,j.*.iJJa--,'.rwl». mJw> 'i«£» ■-:- VAL Valladolid, an ancient city of Spain in Old Caftile, capital of a principality of the fame name, with a bi (hop's fee, and a univerfity. It con- tains ii,ooo houfes, with fine, long, and 'jroaJ ftreets, and large high houfes, and 's aJorned with many handfome fquares, p"t^lic ftrudtures, and foun- tains. Ic is feated on the Efcurira and Pifuerga, near the Douero, 54 miles SW of Burgos, and 95 N by W of Madrid. Lon. 4*5 W, lat. 41 50 N. Valladolid, a town of New l!ipain, in the audience of Guatimala and province of Honduras, with a bi- ihop's fee, 296 miles E of Guatimala. Lcn. 87 20 W, lat. 13 10 N. VALLADOLiD.atowriofNewSpain, in the audience of Mexico and province of Yucatan, near the coaft of the gulf of Honduras, 94 miles E by S of Merida. Lon. ^i 20 W, lat. 19 o N. Valla DO LID, a town of Peru, Jn the audience of Q^ito, fituate near the Andes. Lon. 73 5 W, lat. 6 2 S. Vallais, a county of Swiflerland, extending from E to W ico miles, and divid.'d into Ujiper and Lower Vailair. The Uppjr Vallais is fove- reign of the Lawev Vallais, and con- tains fevcn independent common- wealths, called dixains, becaufe the Lower Vallais being divided into three diftridto, each divifjon is a tenth cf the whole. The Vallais cont'^'ns 100,000 inhabita Its, who profe;s the Roman catholic religion. The bifljap of Sion wv.s formerly abfolute fovercign over the greatell: part of this countiy ; but hii authority is now limited. The ' feven dixains form, conjointly with th'- biUicp, the republic ot the Vallais, all the affairs of which are tranfadted in a diet, which meets twice every year at bion, the bifliop being prefidtnt. The inhabitants of the Upper Val.'ais are much fubjcdl tc goiters, or \»;gz ex- ciefcences from tlie throat, which often increafe to an enormous fize j Idiocy alfj remarkably abounds among th:m j and the lower clafs arc extreme- ly indidcnt and dirty. From Mjunt ^U^i its £ bsundjry, two vad ranges V At of Alps Inclofe the Vallais. The S chain feparates it from the Milanefe, Piedmont, and Savoy ; the N divides it from the can^^n of Bern. A coun- try entirely in.lofed within high Alps, and confining of plains, elevated val. lies, and lofty mountains) mutt ne- cefTarily cxhib.t a great variety of climates ano ptufpefts. The produc- tions of the "''allais vary alfo, accord, .ing to itsfirgulardiverfity of climates; in confequf;ncc of which, Mr. Caxe obferves, that ftrawberries, cherries, plums, pears, and grapes (each the «d. titral growth of the country) may be tafted in the fame day. Val LEMON T, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine, with a caftle 16 miles N by W of Cau. debec. Vallengin, atownofSwifleiland, capital of a county of the fame name, in the principality of Neuchatel. It licS near the lake of Neuchatel, zj mileb KW of Bern. Lon. 6 40 E, lat. 47 o N. See Neuchatel. Vallers, a town of France, in the department of Indre a^d Loire, noted for mineral waters. Is is four miles NW of Tours. Vallery, St. a commercial town of France, in the departmentof Somme, at the mouth of the river Sommc, whofe entrance is very dangerous. Jc is 10 miles NW of Abbeville, and IOC N by W of Paris. Lon. 1 37 E, lat. ro II N. Vallery-en-Caux, St. afea. port of France, in the department ot Lower Seine, 13 miles W by S ct' Dieppe, and 105 NW of Paris. Lon, o 41 £, lat. 49 52 N. Valuer, St. a town of France, in the department of Ardcehe, feven milts NE of Tournon. Valogne, a town of Franc?, in the department if the Channel, notd for cloth and leather, and feated on a bro)k, 158 mik's W by N of I'arls. Valona, a feaport of Upper Al- bania, with an archbifliop's fee. It was taken, in 1690, by the Veneti. ans, who afterward abandoned it} and is feated on the gulf of Venice, near tlie mountains of Chimera, 50 milesS 1 cfDurazzo. J Valpariss featea on the Pj of J high mouni 'af- 33 2 S. the Ve ja.-iiiii, ] Tr 'is Chateaux, Vals, a tow department of j for mineral fprjnj Ardeche, three n VaLTJELINEj iiibjtants Valli valley ofSwiflcrJ Grifons. It exte the con/irih of B Chiavcnna, and is t«-cen two chains The N chain fei Grifons, the S territories, on th Bormio, and is bot the Milanefe. On 1610, there was a tfae proteftants in mhabitantsarecomi »nd are all Roman c , Val VERDE, a liltramadura, eij^ht and eight from Bad , Valvirb,. a linBeira, 27 miJes 1 ,. Y^N, a populous '" Afia, in Armcni, f'"sofPer/ia, with « mountain. Lon. 4 VanDieken's Jtm.tyofNewHo,Ja |ia(m.ui, in 1642. Van DiEMEjj', iLiat h iil.ind of Toi Fr.endly Idand^. L\ pt.ii 4S. Vannes, an anc h feaport of France, "•its principal trad ^^['«- Spain 5 and it i '"^'rds and fe,, ech. gulf of Morbiha hf'>'^ Atlantic, 56 ■ "'» '-It- 47 39 N. The S ilanefe, divide} L coun- h Alps, ted val- utt ne- riety of prodnc- accoid- limates ; Ir. Caxe chertieS) \\ the vis- ) may ba 3f Fiarsce, ^er Seine, ATofCau. wifieilar.d, me namt, chatel. It ichatel, 25 .6 40 E, lATEL. France, in arid LoifCi Is is tuur lerdal town itofSommE, rer Sommc, igerous. It Ibeville, and Ion. 1 37 E> St. a fea- Ipartment of by S of »aris. Lon. of Francs, leche, feven France, in iiincl, notci feated oni of Paris. Upper Al- 3p's Ice. It J the Vencti' laneditj and Tenice, neat 50 miiesS of Durazzo. 4N. VAN Lon. 19 23 E| lat. 41 Valfarisso, a feaport of Chili, feateu on the Pacific Ocean, at the foot of a high mountain. Lon. 72 19 W, lat. 33 a S. V.^LRfES, a town of France, in tlie Ve lailiiji, 12 miles E of St. Paul Tr'is Chateaux. Vai. s, a town of France, in the department of Ardeche, remarkable for mineral fprings, and feated on the Ardeche, three miles N of Aubenas. Valtzline, called by the in- hibitants VALt.i telino, a fertile vi'.ley of Swiflerland, fubjeft to the Grifons. It extends 50 miles from the confinh of Bormio to the lake of Chiavcnna, and isintirely indofcd be- tween two chains of high mountains. The N chain feparates it from the Grifons, the S from the Venetian territories j on the E it borders on Bormio, and is bounded on the W by the Milanefe. On the 20th of July, 1620, there was a general malFacre of the proteftants in this valley. The Inhabitants are computed to be 62,000, and are all Roman catholics. Valverde, a town of Spain, in Eliramadura, ei^ht miles from Elvas, and eight from Badajoz. Valverde, a town of Portugal, in Beira, zj miles NW of Alcantara. Van, a populous town of Turkey in Afia, in Armenia, near the fron- tlets of Perfia, with a caftle, feated on a mountain. Lon. 44 30 £, lat. 38 30 N. Van Diemen's Land, theS ex • titmity of New Hoiland, diltovered by Tafm?.n, in 1642. VaiN Diemen's Road, a road cf ':ie illand of Tongataboo, one of the [Ftlendly Iflands. Loiu 174 56 W, [lit.; I 48. Vannes, an ancient ^nd popu- lous feaport of France, with a bifliop's fee. Its principal trade is in wheat and lye for Spain ; and it has a trade alfn in I'chjrds and fea ecL. It is fc.ited on lii2 gulf of Morblhan, three miles '"m the Atlantic, 56 SW of Renncs, Id 25s W by S of Paris. Lon, 2 6 W, lat. 47 39 N. VAU Var, a dcp3rtment of France, in;- cluding part of the late province of Provence. It takes its name from a river which has its fource in the coun- ty of Nice, and falls into the Mediter- ranean, three miles W of Nice. Va* AMBON, a town of France, ia the licpartiTK-nt of Ain, feared on the river Ain, 14 miies NNW of Bourg. Varendokf. a ilrong town 0^ Germany, in the biihopric of Mun- fl-er, feated on the river Embs. Vap.snnes, a town of France, in the department of Allicr, f-ated oa an eminence, near the river Aliicr, 14 rni'cs SSE of Moulins, Varennes, a town of Fiance, m the department of Meufe. Heie Lewis XVI, his queen, fiftcr, and two children, were artcfted, in tlieir flight from tljs Tuilcries, in 179^1 ai:d conducted back to Paris. It is 13 miles N of Clermont. Varna, a confiderable feaport of Bulgaria, capital of the territory of Drobugia, with an archbifliop's fee. It is feated near the mouth of th» Varna, on the Black Sea, 145 milei NW of Conftantinople. Lon. 28 t$ E, lat. 42 44 N, Varzey, a town of France, in- the department of Yonne, witha caftle, 32 miles from Auxerre. Vasserburg, a town of Gerraa* ny, in the duchy of Bavaria and terri- tory of Munich, with a caftle. It ia furrounded by h £,h mountains, apd feated on the river Inn, 28 miles £ cf Munich. Vassi, a town of France, in Ui« department of Upper Marne, featcji on the Blttife, 10 miles NW of Joui- ville, and 115 E of Paris. Vatan, a town of France, in the department of Indre, eight miles from IlfouJun. Vaucoleures, an ancient town of France, in the department of Meufe, feated on the fide of a hill, on the rivi'r Meufe, 10 miles WofToul, aa SW of Nanci, and 1 50 E of Paris. Vaucluse, a village and foun- tain v-'f France, eight miles from Avig- non, celebrated by Petrarch. Vaud, Pays de, a country of Bb3 U B E ■ Swifferland, in the canton of Bern. It extends along the lalce of Geneva* and 18 richly laid oucin vineyards, cornfields, and meadows, and chequered with con- tinued villages and towns. It was wrefted from the duke of Savoy, by rtie canton of Bern, in 1536. Lau- fanne is ihe capital. Vaudables, a town of France, in the department of Puy de Dome, iive miJes from Iflbire, and 240 from Paris. Vaudemont, a town of France, in the department of Meurlhe, with a •aftic, 15 miles SE of Toul, and 18 SW of Nanci. Vaudois, Valliis of, in Piedmojit. They lie N of the irar- quifate of S ' -^o, and the chief town is Luccn^a. The inhabitants are called Vaudr/is, and a!fo Walden- i'js, from Petei Waldo, the name of a merchant at Lyons, who expofed the fuperftitions of the church of Rome, in 1160. Being banifhed from France, he came hers witli iy'is difci- ples. The VaaJcIs underv/ent the " moft dreadful perfecut'ons in the laft ce.uury, particularly in 16C5, 1656, and 1696. Vaudrevange, a decayed town of France, in the department of Meur- the. It is fcatcd on the Sare, near the ftrong fortrcfs of S?r Louis, 50 miles NE of Nanci. Vauxhat.l, a village of Surry, and a precin£t of the parifli of Lambeth. It is (eateJ on the Thames, and is celebrated for its gardens, which, as a place of public entertainment, are the fineft in Europe. Here it an almshojfe for feven poor women, built in 1618, by fir Noel Caron, who lived here, as ambalTador from Holland, 28 years. It is two miles SW of Lon- don. Ubeda, a coi fiderable and popu- lous town cf Spain, in Afidalufia, with a ftrong caftle, five miles NE of Baeza, and 158 SE of Madrid. Ubsrlingen, a free imperial c'ty of Suabia, in the county of Fur- ftenburg. The inhabitants are partly catholics, and partly protcftants ; and not far ^cnce arc very famous baths. VEC It Is feated on a high rock, near the lakeof Conftance, 12 milesN of Con- ftance. Lon. 9 10 E, lat. 47 50 X'. Ubes, St. or Setubai, a town of Portugal, in Eftramadura, with a good harbour, defended by a fort. It is built on the ruins of the ancient Se. tobriga, at the head of a bay, near the mouth of the Zadaen, and has a fine fiflicry, and a very good trade, par. ticularly in fait, it is 22 miles SEof Lilbon. Lon. 8 54 W, lat. 38 22 N, Uby, orPuLo Uby, aniflandin the Indiiu Ocean, at the entrance of j the bay of Siam, 20 miles in citcani- ference, and 10 miles from Pulo Con- dore. Lon. 105 56 E, lat. 8 15 N. UcKER, a river of Germany, ■which ifTues from a lake of the laT;e name, near Prcnzlo, in the Uckerl Marche of Brandenburg, runs W | through Ponnerania, and being joined I by the Rando, enters the Frifcbtij Haf, a bay of the Baltic. UCKERMUND, 3 tOWH of Prufflai I Pomerania, on a bay of the Baltic, cal-l led the Frifchen Haf, 25 miles Nwl of Stetin. Lon. 14 12 E, lat. 53 53 N.I Ubdevalla, a town otbwedenJ in W Gothland, fituate on a bay off the Categate, 50 miles N of Goth»-j boig. Udenskoi, a town of Siberia, j« the government oflrkutzk, feated ooj lake Balkul, loco miles NW of P> kin. and izoo £ of Toboifk. LouJ 96 30 E, lat. 53 o N. Udina, a city of Italy, capitalol Venetian Friuli, with a citadel. l| contains i6,coo inhabitants, and feated near the rivers TaglementoanJ Lifenzo, 10 mi'es N of A(^uileia, ani 55 N by E of Venice. Vecht, a well- fortified town Weftphalia, in the biftiopric of Miinj fter, 30 miles N of Ofnaburg. Vecht, a river of Wertphalii which croflcs the counties of Stef fort and Bcntheim, and enteringOw ryfiel, paffes by Ommen, Haflelt, i Swartfiuys, entering the Zuider-Ztj under the name of Swart- Water, thatij Black-Water. Vecht, a riverof the United Pij vinces, which branches off from i VEL VEN «ld channel of the Rhine, at Utrecht, md enters the Zuider-Zee, at Muy- den. Vekrx. See TiRVERi. VegliAi an ifland in the gUif of Venice, on the coaft of Dalmiiia, with a biihop's fee, a good harbour, ird a citadel. It abounds in wine and lillc, and has fmall hcrfes in high ef- teem. The oniy town, of the fame name, is fcated on a hill, 17 miles NWof Arbe, and 110 SE of Venice. Lon. 14 56 E, lat. 45 2z N. Veillana, a town of Piedmont, in the maiquifale of Sufa, feated on an eminence, near the Doria, 12 miles NW of Turin. Veiros, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, feated on the Anhaloura, 10 miles SSW of Portalege. Veit, St. aftrongtown ofCarin- thia, at the confluence of the Glan and Wunich, eight r»>i'ss N of Clagen- furt, and 173 SW of Vienna. Veit, or FiUME, a ftrong feaport of Carniolian or Aufirlan Iftria, with acaftie. The harbour is formed by tlie river Finmara, which enters the bay of C:;rnero, in the gulf of Venice. It is 37 miles SE of Capo d'Iftria. Lon. 14 46 E, lat. 45 40 N. Vela, a cape of Terra Firma, 160 miles N£ of St. Martha. Lon. 71 25 W, lat. 12 30 N. Velay, a late province of France, mountains, on the Mediterranean* Lon. 4 o W, Idt. 35 10 N. Velez-Malaga, a town of Spain, in Granada, withacaltk; feat- ed near the Mediterranean, 12 miles NE of Malaga, and 52 SWof GranA- da, Lon. 3 24 W, wx. 36 42 N^ Velika, a town of Sclavonia, feat- ed on the Bakawa, 60 miles NW of Pofega. Vemki-Ustiug, a province of European RuHia, in the government of Vologda. Uftlug is the cipitsl. Velore, a tov;n of Hind loftan, in the Cjrnatlc. k is a p^ft of great importance, commanding the road from My fore to theCarnatic. I: confiftsof three ftrong forts on as inany hi!is, is impregnable to an Indian army, and is 90 miles W of Madras. VENAjOrMoNTi della-Vena, mountains of Carniola, on the con- fines of Iftria, to theS of lakeCzer- nic. Venafro, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, with a bilhop's fee. It ftands nearthe Volturno, 27 miles W of Capua, and 43 N of Naples. Venaissin, a fertile territory of France, lately depending on the pope, and lying between Provence, Dau- phiny, the Durance, and the Rhone. Carpentras is the capital. Venant, St. a town of France, in the department of the Straitsof Ca- I which now forms the department of lais and late province of Artois. It is Upper Loiie. Veld en Tz, a town of Germany, Im the palatinate of the Rhine, the (apital of a county of the fame name, with a ftrong caule, feated on the M&fellc, 15 miles NE of Treves. 1 Lon. 7 3 E, lat. 49 52 N. Veletri, or Velletri, an an- I dent town of Ital), in the Campagna ctRome. It is the refidence of the Uifliopof Oftia, and is feated on an e- Iminence, eight miles SE of Albano land ao of Rome. Velez, a town of Spain^ in New iCaftilc, with acaftie, 45 miles NE of |To!edo, and 50 SE of Madrid. Velez-de.Gomara, a feaport [of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, with a cadie, feated between two high Cher. It is Bb4 27 miles SE of Dunkirk, and 22 NW of Arras. Venasq^ue, a town of Spain, in Arragon, in a valley of the fame name, with a ftrong caftie. It is feated oa the EiTara, 35 miles E of Balbaftro* Lon. o 25 E, Int. 41 58 N. Vence, an ancient town of France, in the department of Var. Before th« revolution, it vas a bifliop's fee. It is 10 miles W of Nice. Vendee, a department of Fi'ance, including part of the late province of Poitou. It is fo called from a fmall river ofthe fame name. Fontenay-le- Compte is the capital. Vendome, a confideiable town of France, in the department of Loir anci feated on the Loir, 3* VEN YEN aniks N£ of Tours, and o< SW of dris. ViNEzuELA, a province of Terra Firma, bounded on the N by the Ca- ribbean Sea, on the £ by Caraccus, on the S by the new kingdom of Grana* da, and on the W by Santa Martha, When the Spaniards landed here in 1499, they oblerved i.inie huts built upon piles, in r.n Indian village, in order to raife them above ihe Ilagna- Ud wdicrthat covered the plan : and th's induced them to give it the name of Venezuela, or Littlii Vi-nice. Th s province was beflcwcd by tlic emperor Charles Von thoVelfers of Aviglbuig, the nioft opulent merchants, at that time, in Europe, in conlideration of large fums they liad cdvanced to him. 'lii;y were to hold it as an hereditary fief of the crown of Caftiie, on con- dition of cor.quc»ing the country and eflabli/hing a colony, within a li- mited time. Unfortunately, they committed the execution of their plan to fome of the foldiers of fortune with which Germany abounded in the i6th century, by whofe rapacity and extor- tion the country was fo defolated, that it could hardly afford them fubfiftence, and the Velfers were obliged to rclin- quifli their property. The Spaniards Immediately refumed pofleffion cf it ; but, notwithftanding many natural ad- vantages, it is ftill one of t':eir moft languifhing and unproductive fettle- xnents. Vk nxzuela, the capital of a pro- vince of the fame name, in Terra Firma, with a biihop's fee. It ftands on a peninfula, on the £ fide of the gulf of Venezuela, 70 miles NE of JVIaracabo. Lon. 70 15 W, lat. 10 43 N. VxNSzuzLA, a gulf m Terra Fir- ma, which communicates with lake Maracaln), by a narrow ftrait. ViNiCE, a city of Italy, capital of A republic of the fame name, with a patriarchate, and a univerfity. Itfbnds on 72 little iflands, five miles from the mainland, in a kind of laguna, lake, or fmall inner gulf, feperated from the large one, called the gulf of yemc4» by fome iilandsj at a.fsw mlksdiffanct. The number of the ut. habitants is computed to be 150,000. The houfes are built on piles. The ftreets, in general, are narrow \ and fo are the canais, except the Great Ca- nal, which is very broad. The bridge, called tlv.' Rialto, confifts of a fingle arch of mafole, built acrofs the Grot Canal. This celebrated arch is 90 feet wide, and 24 feet high. Tiie beauty of it is impaired by two rows of booths, or fliops, which divide its up. per furface into three narrow ftrcets, The view from the Rialto is equally lively and magnificent j the Gre^t Canal coveted by boats and gondolas, and flanked on each fide by magnifi- cent palaces, churches, and fpires. The Piazza di St. Marco is a kind of irregular quadrangle, firmed by a num. bor of buildings, all fmgular in their kind ; namely, the Ducal Palace } tb« churches of St. Mark and St. Cemi. niano ; the Old and New Procuratiee, a noble range of buildings, in which I are the muleum, the public library, &c. All thefe buildings are of mar. | ble. The ducal palace is an ini. menfe building. Be<\de the apartmenQ j of the doge, there are chambers for the fenate, and the Hifferent councils anii trib".-:a!o. Under the portico are th» gaping mouths of lions, to receive anonymous letters, informations of I treafonable pra£lices, and accufationsl of maglllrates for abufes in office. I Thearfenal is a fortification of bet»' eal two and three miles in compafs : itisi at once a docicyavd, and a repofitory foil naval and military ftores. The Vene.l tians have flouriihing manufactories ofl fiik, boneiace, and all forts of glafHstl and mirrors. In th's city is a famoujl carnival, which begins on New-year's- day, and continues till Afh-Wed-j nefday j ail which time is enployed iol fports and diverfinns. Then there ill fcarce any difti nation between viceaiijj virtue \ for libertinifm reigns tlirouglil the city, and thoufands oi foreigneril frequent it from all parts of EuropeJ 7 hey all appear in mafk", wliich nooMJ can venture to take off j in thi£ difguifel they imitate the fury of the ancientj Baccl...'uls} and the nearer Afh- Wed. VEN >ftheM(. 1 50,000. s. The Qw } and jieat Ca- Fa fingle the Great ch is 90 ;h. The vo rows of ,dc its up. w Itreets, is equally the Gttut 1 gondulas, y magnlti- and fpires. s a kind ot i by a num- lar in their >alacej the St. Cerni' Procuratiesi 8, in which blic libra.), are of mar* is an im< t apartmentj nbers for lh« councils an4 rtico are thi to receive rmations of accufations in office. )n of be^ M )mpafs s iti! •epofitory for The Vene jufaftoriesof rts of glaftj is a famoui New-year's- Afh-Weii. eroployed Id hen there il| tveen vice anl ;igns tlitougy of foreigras ts of Europt ■which no one InthiEdlfguif'l the ancien •erAih-V/c ;s 1 jicfday approaches, the more mad they are. The principal fpot of the maf- querade is St. Mark's Place, where there are foiiK'times 15,000 people; and it fwarins with harlequins, jefters, mo-.ntebinks, ropedancers, and pup- pet-fhows. Ev n the prlefts and monks enj.he Dogado, and is 72 miles E by N of Mantua, 115 NE of Florence', 140 E of M'lan, aia N of Rome, and 300 N by W of Naples. Lon. 12 4 E, lat. 45 26 N. Venice, a republic of Italy, which compiehends 14 provinces; namely, the Dogado, PaJuano, Vicentino, Ve- roncle, Brefciano, Bergamo, Cremaf- to, Polefino di-Rovlgo, Trevifano, Feltrino, Beliuncfc, Cadorino, and part of Fri-ili and Iftria. In the 4th century, when Attila, k ng of the Huns, ravaged Italy, many of the in- hibitints r- tired into the ilbnds of the Adriatic Sei, now called the gulf of Venice. As thefe iflar^ds are near each ether, th^y found means to join them by driving piles on the fidts of the ca- nals, on which they built houfes, and thus the fuperb city of Venice had its beginning. The government is arillo- cratic. The doge is elefted by a plu- iraity of voices, and keeps his dignity fir life. His office is to marry the [AJriat'c Sea, in the name of the re- ipublic, on Holy Thurfday ; to prefide in a! nlTcmblies of the ilate ; to have f. eye over all the members of the ma- iiiUacy ; and to nominate to all the be- leiiws annexed to the church of St. liailc. On the other hand, his ai;- ihoiity is very limited ; and, while in kcity he is, in faft, a prifoner, out (fit he is no more than a private per- [op. Thv Venetians are Roman catho- jics; but they tolcrnte the Greeks and Hilrmictans. Theproteftantsare notal- •■.vcitlic free excrcile of their rolig. (in j (itthey an' not perfeciited. The head l;he clergy is thf^ patriarch of Venice, ^lio mull be a noble Venetian. The ibunjl of the inquilicion at Venice is ipofed of tJic p> pc's nuncio, the pu. VEN triarch of Venice, and the father in» quifitor ; but to prevent any abufe of their authority, thr.e of the counfei- lors of the rcpub.ic are added, with- out whofe confent nothing can be done. The Venetian territories on the continent, enumerated above (and which, by way of diftinftion, are f )metimes called the Terra Firma) are defcribed in their refpeftive places. Venice was once one of the mort pow»- erfui commercial and maritime itates in Europe. For this it was indebted, at UrA, to thj monopoly of the commerce of India ; the products of that country being conveyed, in the middle ages^ up the Perfian Gulf, the Euphrates, and the Tigris, as far as Bagdad ; thence by land, acrofs the defirrt, to Palmyra ; and thence to the Mediter- ranean ports : and, afterward, the fupplying of the crufaders with provi- fions and military ftores was an addi- tional foui'ce of wonderful opulence and power. All this declined, however, after the difcoveiy of the Cape of Good Hope by the Portugucfe, in 14S6; which, in its confequences, has reduced Venice from a fiata of the higheft fplendour to comparative infignifi- cance. Ventce, Gut.f of, a fea between Italy and part of Turkey in Europe, It is the ancient Adriaticum Mare^ and is ftiil fometimes called the Adriatic. The doge of Venice annually perfoims the ceremony of wedding this fea, in toiten of the fovereignty of that repub- lic over it. Venlo, a flrong town of Dutch Guelderland, formerly in alliaacewith the Hanf-atic towns. It'wasmore tliarj onci taken and retaken in the wars be- tween ihe Dutch and Spaniards. Ini lysz, it furrendend to the allies, and was confirmed to the ftates- general by the barrier treaty in 1715. It waa take-; by the French, but I noted for fine on theMeufe ir/iddle, 42 a and 150 E of lit. 49 9 N. Verdun, town of Frant Upper Garonni 22 miles NW Vermand France, in Pic late province 01 eluded in the di Vermantc in the deparrr on a river 10 it Vermont, States of N An- N by Canada, c Connecticut, wl New Hamp/hJn cliufets, and on |tis 155 miles ?( is divided into chain of high NandS, divides centre, between cut and lake C Ti\ growth upon pine, fpruce, an( hence it has alwa' a•^d>_on this ac! defcriptive name <.. French rerd Mo The country is not rocky : the a:;d there is not, ^V'tld. The inJ lately been e(li The principal tow Vernet. fe Verne uir,, „ the department of ^ui';, 22 miles 6S"fFiris, VERNEUlt, i tile department of ''"^n the river A Aloulins. Vernoj^j a ff.ince, in Jie j VER VER this place. In 1755, £'"* part of the cathedral was deltroyed by lightning. Verdun was taken by the Pruffians in lyyz, but retaken foon after. It is noted for finefweetmeats, and U feated on theMeufe, which runs through the iTiiddle, 42 miles SW of Luxemburg, and 1 50 £ of Paris. Lon. 5 2z £, jit. 49 9 N. Verdun, a fmall but populous town of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, feated on the Garonne> 22 miles NW of Touloufe. Vermandois, a iat? territory of France, in Ficardy , which, with tlie late province of Soiflbnnois, is now in- cluded in the department of Aifne, Vermanton, a town of France, in the deparrment ofYonne, feated on a river 10 miles SE of Auxerre. Vermont, one of the United States of N America, bounded on the N by Canada, on the E by the river Connecticut, which divides it from New Hampfhire, on the S by MafTa- chufets, and on the W by New York. It is 155 miles long and 60 broad, and is divided into kven counties. A chain of high mountains, running N and S, divides this (late nearly in the centre, between the river Conncdti- cut and lake Champlain. The natu- ral growth upon this chain is hemlock, pine, fpruce, and other evergreens : hence it has always a green appearance, and, on this account, obtained the deCcnptlve nameoi Verr.^ont, fn.m the French Ferd Monti Green Mou:itain. The country is generally hilly, but not rocky : the foil is verv fertile j a;;d there is not a better climate in the wirld. The inhabitants have very lately been edimated at 100,000. The principal town is Bennington. Vernet. fee Issoire. Verne uii,, a town of France, in the department of Eure, feated on the Aure, a 2 miles SW of Evreux and 65 of Paris. Vern'euil, a town of Francs, in the depjrtment of Allier, three miles t"i()!n the river Allier, and 15 from ^^^ulin!i. Vernon, a populous town of France, in the department of Eui'-', with ... ancient caftle, and a fortrefs at the end of the bridge, over the Seine, 27 miles S£ of Rouen, and 42 NW of Paris. Veroli, an ancient and populous town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome, with a bi/hop's fee. It is feat- ed on the Cofa, at the foot of the Appennines, 45 miles SE of Rome. Verona, a large, ancient, and ftrong city of Italy, capital of the Ve- ronefe, with a bi/hop's fee, and an academy. The moft remarkable ftruc- ture is the amphitheatre bulk by the Romans, in which there are ^^ rovvs of benches of white marble, which will convenienily hold 25,000 perfons. Verona was the birthplace of P.iny the Naturalift. It is feated on the Adige, (which divides it into two parts, com- municating by two handfome bridges) 17 miles NE of Mantua, and 62 SW of Venice. Lon. 11 18 E, lat. 45 26 N. Veronese, a fertile territory of Italy, in the republic of Venice } bounded on the N by the Trentino, on the E by the Vicentino and Padu- ano, on the S by the Mantuan, and on the W by the Brefciano. It is 35 miles in length, and 27 in breadth. Vernois, a confiderable town of Ruflia, in the government of Rezan, feated on a monntain, near a river of the fame name, which a little lower falls into the Don. Lon. 42 29 £y lat. S3 15 N. Versah-les, a town of France^ in the department of Seine and Oife, lo miles WSW of Paris. It contains ^,coo inhabitant.":, and, fince the revolution, has been created abifhop's fee. L'iwis XIV built a magnificent palace htr-^, which was the ufual refi- dence of the kings of France, till Oc- tober 6, 178^, when the unfortunate Lewis XVI, and his family, were re- moved '.rom it to P.irls. The build- ings and gardens were adorned with a vaft number of flatuts, by the gieatt ft mafters, and th< re were magnificent waterworks. Thefe gardens, wiili the park, are five miles in ciicumfeiencc, v.ni furniunJed by walls. Lon z 7 F, Lit. 4? 4S N. 13 b 6 i . • '.: i . t E S Vers or, a village of France, in the department of Ain, feated on the lake of Geneva, near the mouth of tiie river Vcrfoi, fix miles SE of Gex, and feven Nof Geneva. It goes by the mmt of CboifeuPs Felly i for Geneva having fallen under the difpleafure of France, the duke de Choifeul (then prime mlnlfter) eiiiioavouring to take advantage of the troubles in 1768, formed a plan to ruin that city, and monopolize the whole trade of the lake. With this view, he fixed on Verfoi as a proper fituation for a large town, and began to (ink a pier, to make a har- bour, &c. Nevcrtheiefs, when the harbour was nearly completed, and 125,0001. had been expended on the projedt, it was fuddenly rclinquiihed. Vert us, a town of France, in the department of Marne, feated at the foot of a mountain, 17 miles SW of Chalons, and 78 NE of Paris. Verue, orVERRUA, a town of ■piedmont, in the county of Afti. It was taken, in 1705, by the French, after a fiege of fix months, but reftored to the duke of Savoy. It is feated on A hill, near the Po, 20 miles W of Csfal, and 23 NE of Turin. Verviers, a town in the Lifliop- ric of Liege, feated on the Weze, four iniies SVv of Limburg, and 17 SE of Liege. Vervins, a town of France, in the department of Alfne, famous for a^treaty, in 1593, between Henry IV pf France and Philip II of Spain. It J3 feat'.d on the Serre, 110 milas N •:" P.iris. Lon. 4 o E, lat. 49 50 N. Vehulam, thevcrtigcsof a cele- Lvated Roman town in Herttordihire, c'ofe by St, Alban's. In the time of Nero it was a ntur.:cil>tum, or town, tiie inhabitants of which enjoyed the privileges of Roman citizens. No- thing remains of it but the ruins of walls, teflelated pavcinents, and Ro- anm coins, wliich arc ftil fometimes du^; up. Veselizi, a t.wn of Fiance, in the department of Mei'The, feated on tl>e Brcnon, i 5 miles SW of Nanci, and 162 SE of Paris, VjssLEY, a lown of Fraace, in VEtJ the department of Alfne, feated on th« Aifne, 10 miles from Soiflbns. Vesoul, a tow;i of France, in the department of Upper Saone. Since the revolution it has been created a bifiiop's fee. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, called Motte de Ve- f01.1l, near the river Durgeon, ax miles N of Befanjon, and aoo SE cf Paris. Vesperin, or Weisbrain, a ftrong and populous town of Lower Hungary, capital of a county of the fame name, with an epifcopal fee, the bifbop of which is chancellor to the queen of Hungary, and has a right to crown her. It is feated on lake Bala- ton, at the mouth of the Sarwife, 83 miles SE of Vienna. Lon. 17 57 E, lat. 47 14 N. Vesuvius, a celebrated volcano of Italy, in tiie kingdom of Naples. Its firft eruption was in the year 79, un- der Titu^. It was accompanied by an earthquake, which overturned feveral cities, particularly Pompeii and Heicu« laneum ; and this eruptio:i proved t'a- tal to Pliny the Natiirjlift. » Great quantities of aHies and fulphureous fmoke,' fays Dion Cafiius, < were car- ried, not only to Rome, but alfo be- yond the Mediterranean, into Africa, ar.d even to Egypt. Birds were fuffo. cated in the a r, and fell down upon the ground ; and filhes peri/hfd inlhe neighbouring waters, which were made hot, and infeiled by it.' Sir William Hamilton mentions, thatiijej eruption in 1767 was the 27th from the time of Titus, fince which there have been ten others; that of 1794 bf ing the moft violent and alarming, next to thofe in 79 and 1631. Vefu-] vius is fix miles E of Naples. Vevay, the ancitnt Vihifcum, a| town of SwiiTtrland, capital of a baili- wic of the faaie name, in the caiitonl of Bern. The famous gen'^ral Ludlowj died here in 1693, and is interred inf the church. Vevay ftands on thel edge of the lake of Geneva, 37 miki| SW of Bern. Veudre, a-iown of France, in tl«| department of Allier, (taCcil 011 tlitl river Aliicr, 17 miles fiom Myuliw. f VerttAY the departmen the top of a m Cure, 20 mile S by E of Pari ^'A* ago\ Europe, forme vernment of ed into the tw- Orenburg. Ufa, '3 tow a government is feated on t] mouth of the Mofcow. Lon, N. Ugento, i town of Naples with a bi/hop's AlefTano, and 21 Ugocz, a tov capital of a coun with a caftlc, fi miles N of Zatn lat. 48 5 N. UCOGNA, a t duchy of Mantua 17 miles NWof Ian. VlADANA, a duchy of Mantua eight miles N of Mantua. VlANA, a to\ varre, feated ne miles N of Logrc Pampeluna. VlANA, a Portugal, in the Minho-e-Douero, of the Lima, with fended by a fort, ga, and 36 N of V/, lat. 41 3j N VlANDEN, a Luxemburg, capi the fame name, towns by the river 's a caft.'e, on an tain. It is 22 mi ^^"•6 13 E, lat. VlANEN, a ti Provinces, in Hol Jivcr Lock, with 5> of Utrecht, C( tc VIA VIC' 1 on \.hi • , in the Since reated a the foot deVe- :on, IX 30 SE cf AiN, a of Lower ty of the il fee, the or to the a right to lake Bala- itwife, 83 17 57^1 volcano of aples. Its ir 79, un- inicd by an ned feveral and Hevcu* 1 proved ta- l. ♦ Great fulpliureou! « were ear- but alfo be- into Africa, were fuffo- down upon rifhed in the liich were jy it.' Sir ns, thactiie a 7 th from ] which there hat of 1794 id alarming, 3T. Vefu. es. Vihilcuro, a| talof abaiii- n the canton ncral Ludlow is interred iii •ands on thel va, 37 ^H 'ranee, in A'l Jtatcd on tbtl jin Mfjuli"*' VtilLAY, a town ofFrtince, In Viatka, a town of Ruflia, Vt the department of Nievre» feated on Europe, capital of a government df the top of a mountain, near the river the fame name, which was formerly • Cure, 20 miles S of Auxerre, and 117 province ofKafan. It is a bilhop*» S bjr E of Paris. ^ fee, and has a caftle. It is feated on the Ufa, a government of Rullia, in Viatica, 100 miles N of Kaian* Lion* Europe, formerly included in the go- 54 15 E, lat. 57 25 N. vernment of Orcnburgh. It is divid- Vic, a town of France, in the de- ed into the two provinces of Ufa and partmcnt of Meurthe, feated on the Orenburg. Seille, 12 miles S£ of Nanci, and Ufa, 'a town of Ruflia, capital of 197 E of Paris, a government of the fame name. It Vic, a town of France, in the de- is feated on the Bielaid, below the partmcnt of the Upper Pyrencr: anS mouth of the Ufa, 760 miles E of late province of Bigorre, fituat'i on the Mofcow. Lon. 57 o E, lat. 54 40 river Adour, 12 miles N of Tarbes. N. Vic, a town of Spain, in Catalo- Ugznto, a fmall but populous nia, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated town of Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, on a fmallriver, that falls into the Tar, with a bifliop's fee, eight miles W of 30 miles NE of Barcelona and 265 of AlefTano, and 20 SW of Otranto. Madrid. Ugocz, a town in Upper Hungary, Vicegrad, or Vizegkad, a capital of a county of the fame name, ftrong town of Lower Hungary, with with a caftle, feated on a river, 15 miles N of Zatmar. Lon. zz 34 E, lat. 48 S N a caftle on the top of a rock, where the kings of Hungary formerly refid- ed. It was taken from the Turks in Ucogna, a town of Italy, in the 1684; and is feated on the Danube, duchy of Mantua, feated on the Tofa, eight mil>;s SE of Gran, and 16 NW 17 miles NW of Arona and 45 of Mi- of BuJj. Ian. ^ VicENTiNO, a territory of Italy, Viadana, a town of Italy, in the belonging to the Venetians, bounded duchy of Mantua, feated on the Po, on the N by Trentino and Feltrino, eight miles N of Parma, and 17 S of on the E by Trevlfano and Paduano, Mantua. on the S by Paduano, and on the VV ■ Viana, a town of Spain in Na- by the Veronefe. It is 35 miles in vane, feated near the Ebro, three length, and 27 in breadth. It is miles N of Logronno, and 46 SW of callcJ the garden of Venice j and here Pampeluna. ^fe great numbers of mulberry- trees, Viana, a confiderable town of for filkworms, Portugal, in the province of Entre- Vicenza, a large, ftrong, and Minho-e-Douero, feated at the mouth flourifliing town of Italy, the capital of the Lima, with a good harbour, de- of Vicentino, with a bifhop's fec« fended by a fort, 15 miles W of Bra- Here is an academy, whofe members ga, and 36 N of Oporto. Lon. 8 29 meet in the Olympic theatre, a mafter- V/, lat. 41 39 N. piece of Palladio's. It is feated bc- ViANDEN, a town of Auftrian twecn the rivers Bachiglione and Re- Luxemburg, capital of a county of rone, and two mountains, 13 miles the fame name. It is divided into two NW of Padua, 3 1 W of Venice, and towns by the river Uren. In the one 13S N of Rome. Lon. II 43 E, lat. Is a caftie, on an inacccflible moun- 45 26 N. tain. It is 22 miles N of Luxemburg. Vic-Fezensac, atownof France, Lon. 6 13 E, lat. 49 55 N. in the department of Gers, feated on ViANEN, a town of the United the Douze, 15 miles W of Auch. Provinces, in Holland, feated on the Vicm, a town of France, in the river Lcck, with a cadle, fevcn miks dapartmer.t of AHier, fairous for the SofUtrechti mineral waters near it. It is feated VIE «n the Allier, 1$ miles SE of Can- aat» and 1 80 S by £ of Paris. ViCHO} a town of Naples^ in Terra di LavorO) feated near the fea, with a biAop's fee. It was almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1694. Vic-tE-CoMPTi, a town of France, in the department of the Puy de Dome, with a palace, where former- ly the counts of Auvergne refidedj and a mile from it are mineral fprlngs. It is feated near the Ifluire, 15 miles S£ of Clermont, and 230 S of Paris. VicovAiLO, a town and prlhcipali ty of Itaiyi in tlie province of Sabina, feated near the Teverone, eight miles £ of Tivoli, and 40 NE of Rome. Victoria. See Vittoria. ViDEN, a fortified town of Bulga- ria, with an archbifhop's fee. It has been often taken and retaken by the Turks and imperiaiifts, and is feated on the Danube, 83 miles NE of Nilfa, and 150 SE of Belgrade. ViBNNA, the capital of the circle of Auftria, in Gcrinany, and of the whole German empire. The ciiy it- felf is not of very great extent ; nor can it be enlarged, it being limited by a very ftiong fortification; but it is thought to cor aln 70, coo inhabitants. The ftreets, in general, are narrow, gi.d the houfes high. Vienna was in- eftedlually befieged by the Turks in 1589 and 1683. At the latter period, the fiege was raifed by John Sobielki, king of Poland, who totally defeated the Turkifli argtiy before this place. No houfes without the walls are allow- ed to be built nearer to the glacis than 600 yards ) fo that there is a circular field of that breadth all round the town, which has a beautiful and fa. lutary effedt. Thefe fuburbs are faid to contain 230,000 inhabitants ; yet the former are not near fo populous, i n proportion to their fize, as the city j becaufe many houfes in the fubuibs have extenfive garden"^, and many fa- milies who live during the winter with • in the fojtifications, fpend the fummer in the fuburbs. The univerfity had feveral thoufand ftudents, who, when this city was bcfuged, mounted guard, as tl.cy did alfo in 174I1 The aich VIE ducal library is much frequented by foreigners, as it contains above ico,ooo printed books,and 10,000 manufcripts. Vienna is an archbifliop's fee. It is feat* ed at the place where the Vienna, or Wien, falls into the Danube, 30 miles W of Prelburg, 350 NNE of Rome, 565 E of Paris, and 680 ESE of Lon- don. Lon. 16 22 E, lat. 48 la N. ViENNE, a confiderable town «f France, in the department of Ifere, It IS feated on the Rhone, over which it had formerly a good bridge, of which only feme piers remain, that render the navigation dangerous. Its com< merce confifts in wines, fillc, an] fword-blades, which laft are highly efteemed. Before the revolution, it was the fee of an archbifljop. In 131 1, a general council was heldheie, which is famous for the fupprcfiion of ihe order of the Knights Templars of ]e. rufalem. Near Vienne, on the banks of the Rhone, are produced the ex- ccllent wines of Cote-Rotie, in a foil where the grape, as the name imports, is almoft parchtd up by the fun j and, a little further, are grown the famous herniit.ige wines, fo called, becaufe a hermit had his grotto there. Vienne is 1 5 miles S of Lyons, and 265 SE of Paris. Lon. 4 53 £, lat. 45 ^i N. Vienne, a department of France, formed of part of the late province of Poitou. It takes its name from a river which falls into the Loire between Chinon and Saumur. Poitiers is the capital. Vienne, Upper, a department of France, comprifing the late province of Limofin. Limoges is the capital. ViERARUiN, a town of Germa- ny, in Brandenburg, feated on the Vefle, at its confluence with the | Oder. ViERZON, an ancient town of I France, in the department of Cher. It is famous for its forges, and is feat- ed on the Cher and Yevre, 17 miles I NW of Bourges, and 100 SVV cf| Paris, ViESTi, a town of Naples, in the I Capitanata, wiUi an archbilhop's I'ec. It is feated on the gulf of V«n'.ce, in VIL VIL the place called the Spur of the Boot, Sardinia, 17 miles NE of Saflari. Lon^' and at the foot of Mount Garden. It 8 50 E, lat. 40 56 N. is 15 miles N£ of Manfredonia, and 117 of Naples. Lon. 16 40 £, lat. 41 S» N. Vic AN, a town of France, in the ViiLA-BoHiM, a town of Portu- gal, in Alentejo, 10 miles SW of Elvas. ViLLAC, a town of Germany, !a department of Gard, 25 miles NW of the duchy of Carinthia, belonging tt Nifmcs. ViGKVANo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, and capital of the Vigcvenafco, with a bifliop's fee, and a ftrung caftle, feated on a rock. It was formerly the refidence of the thff bilhop of Bamberg, with a caftie. Near it are the baths of Toplitz, and it is feated at the confluence of the Drave and Oeil, 12 miles SW of Cla- genfurt, and 88 NE of Brixen. Vi L LA-D EL-RiY, a town of Spaing dukes of Milan, but is now fubjeA, in Eilrinnadura, feated on the Guadi- with its territory, to the king of Sar- ana, 17 miles NW of Badajoz. dinia. It is fealed near the Tefino, 12 miles SE of Novara, and 15 SW of Milan. Lon. 8 54 E, lat. 45 zz N. ViGNAMONT, a town in the bi(hop- ric of Liege, two miles N of Huy. Vigo, a town of Spain, in Galicia, with a good harbour, which is remark- able for a feafighf, in 1702, between the Engli(h and Dufch fleets, and a ViLLA-DO-CoNDE, a feaport of Portugal, in the province of Entre- Douero-e-Minho, at the mouth of the Ava, 10 miles E of Barceios, and 10 NW of Oporto. Near it is an ancient aqueduct. Lon. 8 23 W, lat. 41 14 N. ViLLA-DO-HoRTA, the Capital of the ifland of Fayal, one of the Azo- res. It is feated on the W coaft, and has a harbour, landlocked on every fide except the £ and NE, and defend- Lon. 28 36 W, fquadron of French men of war, with 1 3 Spanifh galleons under their convoy. The EngliHi took four galleons and l>ve ed by fevera! forts. men of war, and the Dutch, five gal- lat. 38 32 N. Icons a"d ore man of war. Fourteen Villa-Flor, a town of Portu- men of war and four galleons were de- gal, in the province of Tra-los-Montes, Aroyed. While this was tranfafling, feated on a river that falls into the the duke3f Ormond, with fome land Douero. It is 40 miles £ of Villa f )rces, drove t he Spaniards from the Real. caftle which defended the harbour. ViLE.A-FRANCA,afeaportof Italy, Vigo is feated on the Atlantic, eight in tiie county of Nice, with a caftle miles SW of Redondella, and 260 and fort. In 1744, '^ was taken by WNW of Madrid. Lon. 8 28 W, lat. 42 14 N. ViHiERS, a town of France, in tiie department of Maine, feated on a Inke, 20 miles S of Angers, and 162 SW of Palis. ViLAiNE, a river of France, which waters Vitre and Rennes, divides the the French and Spaniards, but reftof« ed J and was again taken by the French, in I7y2. It is three miles E of Nice* Lon. 7 25 £, lat. 43 <)z N. Villa-Franca, a town of Italy, in the Veroncfe, with a filk manu- faftory, 10 miles S of Verona. Villa-Franca, the capital of department of Morbihan from that of the ifland of St. Michael, one of the Lower Loire, and enters the bay of Azjres. Lon. 25 35 W, lat. 37 50 Blfcay below Roche Bernard. When N. fir Edward Hawke defeated the French Villa-Franca, a town of Spain, fieet, in 4759, fome of" their men of in Eltramadura, feat^Joa the Tormes, war tjok iheiter in this river, in wliich 54. mii^s SE of Salainanca. they were obliged to lie fevcral Villa Franca-de-Panades, months. a to.vn of Spain, in Catalonia, feated Vilia^Aragonesi, a tcwn of near the Mediterranean, i3 raiJes W VII. Lon. Vlt •f Biiteloni. Lon* i 55 2, lat. 41 neral Staremberg defeated the Frencii S6 N. and Spaniards under ihe duke of Vea. ViLLA-HlBMOIAf a town of dome, although they were twice hii lipain, in Valencia, near the river numb«r; but, from want of provifions, Millas, 5« miJei NW of Valencia, he was obliged 'o leave to the vanquifli- Villa-Hekmoia, atownof New ed a!l the advantages of a complete Spain, in the audience of Mexico and vidtory, which, accordingly, they af. province of Tabafco, feated on the cribed to themfelves. Vilia-Viciofais river Tabafco, 30 miles from the gulf fix miles N£ of Brihu.-ga, and 49 N£ «f Mexico. of Madrid. ViLLANOVA, a town of Portugal, Ville-Diiu, a town of France, in Beira, feated on the Douero, oppofue .Oporto (on which it depends) and de- fended by feveral forts. VittA-NuovA-D'AsTi, a town of Piedmont, in the coi nty of Afti, 30 miles £ of Turin. in the department of the Channel, 18 miles SE of Coutances, and la NNE of Avranches. Ville-Fkanchi, a town of France, in the department of Rhone and Loir, feated on the Morgoii, i3 Villa-Panda, a town of Spain, miles NW of Lyons, and 233 S by £ in Leon, with an arfenal, and a palace of Paris. bebnging to the conftablc of Cafiile. It is 26 miles from Toro. ViLiA-P.iAL, a town of Portu- gal, in the province of Tra-los-Mon- tes, and capital of Comarca, feated at the confluence of the Corgo and Ri- bera, 15 miles NE of Lamego, and 45 S£ ofBraga. Lon. 7 20 W, lac. 41 9 N. Villa-Real, a town of Spam, in Valencia, 26 miles N of Valencia. ViLLA-RiCA, a feaport of New Spain, in the audience of Mexico and province of Tlafcala, feated n:i the g ilf of Mexico, 200 miles E of Mexi- co. Lon. 97 15 W, 'at. 19 20 N. ViLLA-RicA, a town of Chili, feated on lake Malabaugen, 62 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 72 41 W, lat. 39 158. ViLLA-VicioSA, a fortified town of Portugal, in Alentejo, with a palace, where the dukes of Braganza former- Ville-Franche, a ftrnng town of France, in ihe department of the Eaftern Pyrenees, f.ated at the foot of the Pyrenees, on the Tet, on the other fide of which is a caftle, az miles NE of Pi4|ccrda, and 300 S of Paris. In one of the neighbouring mountains is a ci.rious cavein. Lon. 2 25 E, lac. 42 25 N. ViLi e-Franche, a town of France, in the department of Aveiron, feated on the A veiron, 18 miles W of Rodcz, and 260 S of Paris. ViLLE-JuivE, a town of France, four miles S of Paris. ViLLEML'R, a *cwn of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, feated on the Tarn, 1* miles from Touloufe. ViLLENA, a town of Spain, in Murcia, 55 miles NVV of Murcia, and 175 SE of Madrid. ViLLE^EUvE, a town of France, •ly refided. It fuftained a famous fiege in the department of Lotand Garonne, feated on the Lot, 17 miles N of Agen. ViLLENEUvE, a towH of France, in the department of Gaid, 23 milts NWofNifmes. Villeneuve-de-Berr, ato.vn againft the Spani:irds in 1067 ; which occafioned a battle near it, the event of which placed the crown of Portu- gal on the head of the duke of Bra- ganza. It is 16 miles SW of Eivas, and S3 SE of Liibon. ViLLA-ViciosA, a feaport of of France, in the department of Ar Spain, in Afturia d'Ovicdo, feated on deche, 10 milesNW of Viviers. the bay of Bifcay, 22 miles NE of 'Ovi«do. Lon. 5 24 W, lat. 43 22 N. ViLLA-ViciosA, atown of Spain, in New Caflile^ where, in 1710, ge- ViLLERS Coterets, a town of France, in the department of Oife, with a caAlf, 10 miles SE of Com* piegne VIN VlitlNOBN, a town of Sual>'a,ift tie Brifgaw } fcated ia the BUck fote&t between the fources of the Danube aixl Neckar, t8 miles £ by S of Friburg. ViLvoRDZ, a town of Auftrian Brabant, featcd on the canal from BrufTels to ' the Schcld, feven milei NE of BrufTcJs. Vincent, Cape St. a pronjon- tory of Portugal, 25 miles W of Cape Lagos. Lon. 9 2 W, lat. 37 2 N. Vincent, St. one of the Wind- ward Caribbee iflands, in the Wett Indies, 55 miles W of Barbadoea. It is inhibited by the Ciribbecs, a warlike race, between whom and the aborigines of the larger iflands there is a manifeft diftindtion. Dr. Robcrcfon conjec- tures that they were originally a colony from N America ; their fierce man- ners approaching nearer to thofe of the original natives of that continent than they do to thofe of S America, and their language alfo having fome aSinity to that fpoken in Florida. St. Vin- cent was loog a neutral ifland } but. VIR- ViNciNT, St. a provface of BnM Al, extending along the coaft of tiM Atlantic, from the province of RiV Janeiro in the N£, to that of Del Key in the S. The capital, of the fame name, has a good harbour. Lon. 4! 30 W, lat. 24 15 S. Vincent, St. one of the Cape de Verd IHandi, uninhabited. On thf NW fide is a good bay, where (hipi may wood and water, and wild goaV may be (hot. ViNcoRLA, a Dutch fettlemenC* in the peninfula of Hindooftan, on th« coaft of Concan, a little N of Goav Lon. 73 22 £, lat. 15 57 N. ViNGORLA RocKi, rocks lying about feven miles from the coaft of Concan, in the peninfula of Hindoo- fian, and 10 miles SSV/ of the ifland of Melundy, or Sunderdoo. 1* bey arf poireffed by the Malwaans, a piratical tribe. Lon. 73 i6W»la& 15 5« N« ViNTiMiCLiAy an ancient feaporl of Italy, in the republic of Genoay with a bifhop^s fee, and a caftle. It hai been often taken and tetakeny and W ia 1763, the French agreed that the feated on the Mediterranean, at the mouth of the rivers Bibera and Rotta^ eight miles NE of Monaco, and 70 SW of Genoa. Lon. 7 37 E, lat. 4} rsN. V I R K, a con fiderable town of France^ in the department of Calvados, with manufactories of coarfe woollen cloths. It is feated on the Vire, 30 miles SB of Coutances, and i i;o W of Paris. Virgin, CapK) a cape of Pata- gonia. Lon. 67 54 W, lat. 5a 23 S. Virgin Gokda, Gbiat Vir- gin, or Spanish Town, one of the Virgin Illands in the Weft Indies. It has two good harbours, with fome other iflands depending on it (fee ViRGiK Islands) and is defendied by a fort iituate in lon. 64 o W, lat. 18 18 N. Virgin Islands, about 30 if- lands and keys in the Weft Indies, be- here, in which the bread-trees, brought tween St. Juan de Puerto Rico and by captain Bligh from Otaheite, are the Leeward Caribbee Iflands. They now in a flourishing condition. Lon. were called Las Virgines by the Spa- 61 W, lat. 13 o N. niards, in honour of the 11,000 vir- ViNCENT, St. a town of Spain, gins of the legend. They are poflefled in Old Caftile, feated on a hill, near by the Englifli and Danes. In the the £bro, 138 miles N£ of Madrid, &:ft diviflon belonging to the £agliili|| right to itihould be vefted in the F.ng. lilh. The latter, foon after, at the inftance of fome rapacious planters, engaged in an unjuft war againft the Caribbees, who inhabited the wind- ward fide of rhe ifland, and who were obliged to confent to a peace, by which they ceded a large tra£t of valuable land to the crown. The confequence of this was, that in the next war, in 1779, they greatly contributed to the redu^ion of this ifland by the French, who, however, reftored it in 1783. St. Vincent is 24 miles in length, and 18 in breadth. It is extremely fruit- ful, being a black mould upon a ftrnng loana, the moft proper for the raifing offugar; and indigo thrives here re- markably well. In 1765, governor Melville founded a botanical garden VIS h Tortoh) the principal, to which be- longs Joft Van Dyke's and Little Van Dyke'Sf Guana I/le, with Beef and Thatch Iflands. In the fecond divi- fion is Virgin Gorda, to which belong Anegada, or Drowned Iflc, Nicker, Prickly Pear, and Mofkito Iflands, the Commanoes, Scrub and Dog If. lands, the Fallen City (two rocky if. lets, ciofe together, at a diflance re- sembling ruins) the Round Rock, Ginr;er, Cooper's, Salt Iflnnd, Peter's Ifland, and the Dead Cheft. Of the Danidi divifion, the principal iflands are St. Thomas and St. John. Lon. from 63 45 to 64 55 W, lat. from 17 10 to 18 30 N. Virginia, one of the United States of N America, bounded on the S by North Carolina, onjthc Wby the Mi^nippi, on the N by Pennfyl/ania and the Ohio, and on the £ by the Atlantic. It is 758 miles in length, and 224 in breadth. The principal rivers are James, York, Rappahannoc, and Potomac. The foil and climate are various. The principal produce is tobacco, wheat, an J Indian corn ; but the culture of tobacco basconfidera- bly declined in favour of that of wheat. Virginia is divided into 74 counties, and the capital town is Richmond. ViRTON, a town of Auftrian Lux- emburg, 22 miles W of Luxemburg. VisiAPouR, or Bejapour, a eonfiderable city of the Deccan of Hin- dooftan, and once the capital of a large kingdom of the fame name. It is now fubjedl to the Poonah Mahratras, and U 136 miles S£ of Poonah a!e, fe.nted on the liver Vilaine, 20 miles NE of Rcnues, and 52 SE of St. Malo. Lon. 113 W, lat. 48 14 N. Vitri-le-Brule, a village of France, one mile from Vitri-le-Fran- jois. It was formerly a confiderable town, but was burnt (as its name im- ports) by Lewis VII, Vitri-le-Franjois, aconfider- able commercial town of France, in the department of Marne, feated on the river Marne, 15 miles SE of Cha- lons, and 100 £ of Paiis. ViTTEAUx, a town of France, In the department of Cote d'Or, feated on the river Brainc, 27 miles W ti Dijon. ViTTORiA, or Victoria, a con- fidcrable commercial town of Spain, | capital of the province of Alava, in , Bifcay. The large ftreets are bordered with fine trees, which are a goud defence | againft the heat of the fun. Sword- blades are made here in large quantii Its name im* ULL tie^ It is 32 miles SE of Bilboa, and 15s N of Madrid. Lon. z 56 \V, lat. 42 55 N- ViVARAiSj a late fmall province of FrancCi patt of that of Dauphiny, and now included in tlie department of Anieche. VivERO, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, fcaced at tiie foot of a ftecp moun- tain, near the Landrova, the mouth of whic'i forms a large harbour on the At'aiuir, 30 miles NW of Moiidoa- nedo. Lon, 7 34 W, lat. 43 50 N. ViviERS, an ancient town of Fmc:, in the department of Ardeche, with a bifliop'i fee, feated among rocks, on the Rhone, 20 rniles N of Orange, and 70 NE of Montpellier. VizA, a town of Romania, with a Creek archbi /hop's fee. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, at the fource of the Glicenero. Ukraine, an extenfive country of Europe, lying on the borders of Po- land, Ruflia, and Little Tartary. Its name fignifies a frontier. By a treaty between Rulfia and Poland, in 1693, the latter remained in poflefllon of the Ukraine, on tlieWfideof i.._ Dnieper, which conftjtutcd a palatinate called Kiof J while the E fide wa« allotted to the Ruffians, and called the govern- ment of Kiof: but, in 1793, *^'^ emprefs having obtained the Folifh part, by the treaty of partition, in 1793, the whole of the Ukraine, on both fides of the Dnieper, be!an;is now to that formidable power. The principal town is Kiof. See Cossacs. Uladislaw. See Inowladis- LAW. Ulierbeck, a town of Auftrian Brabant, two miles E of Louvain. Uliet£ A, one of the Society Ifles, in the Pacific Ocean, Lon, lei 31 W, lat. 16 45 S. Ullapool, a newly ereftcd vil- lage of Rofsfliire, on the N fide of Loch Broom. Ullswatkr, a lake of Weftmor- land, 10 miles N of Amblefide, and 14 SW of Penrith. It is eight miles long, and abounds with char, and a variety of other fifii. The navigators ef this lake find much amufement by ULV dlfcharging fmall cannon, In certaT* ftationsj the report is reve.beratin? from rock to rock, promontory, ca- vern, and hill, with every variety of found J now dying away upon the ear, agiin returning like peals of thunder, and thus re-echoed feven times dif- tinftly. Ulm, a free imperial fortified city of Suabia, and the chief of that order in the circle, where the archiws thereof aiedepofited. The inhabitants are proteftants. The duke of Bavaria took it in 1702, but furrendered it after the battle of Blenheim, in 1704, It is feated at the confluence cf the Danube and Iller (the former having a handfome bridge over it) 36 milet W of Augfturg, 47 SE of Stutgard, and 275 W 0' Vienna. Lon. 10 l% E, lat. 48 2 J N. Ulm El,, a town of Germany, In the archbilhopric of Mcntz, 30 milei NE of Treves. Ulster, a province of Ireland, bounded on the £ by the Irifh Sea, on the N by the Northern Ocean, on the W by the Atlantic, on the S by the province of Leinder, and on the SW by that of Connaught. It is 1 16 mile* In length, and 100 In breadth. The principal rivers are the Bann, the Loughfoyle, the Swilly, the Newry Water, and the Maine. It abounds with large lakes; and the foil, in ge- neral, is fruitful in corn and grafs* It contains one archbifliopric, fix bl« Hioprics, 10 counties, and 365 pa* rilhes. The principal place is Lon- donderry. Ultzery, a town of Germany^ in the duchy of Lunenburg, feated oa the Ilmenan, zz miles S of Lunen« burg. ULVERaTONi, a town of Lanca- Aire, with a good market on Mon- day. The country people call it^Ouf- ton, nnd it is feated at the foot of a fwift defcent of hills to the SE, near a fliallow arm of the Iriih Sea. It is the port of the diftrift of Furnefs. The principal inns are kept i>y the guides, who regularly pafs to and from Lan- cafter every Sunday, Tuefday, and Friday. It is 18 miles NW of loam \ tJNI €NI •after, and 467 NNW of London. Ifon. 3 1% W, lat. 54 14 N. Uma, a tovm of Sweden, in W Bothnia, featrd on the river Uma, in the gulf of Bothnia. It has been twice burnt by the Ruffians. It is tlie refidence of the gOTCrnor of W Bothnia, and is 280 miles N of Stock- kolm. Lon. 19 9 £, lat. 63 58 N. ^Umago, a feaport of Venetian If- tria, feated between thegulf of Largo- lia and the mouth of the Quieto. Umbkiatjco, a village of Naples, in Calabria Citericre, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated on the Lipuda, xc miles NW of St. Severina. Underswen, or Unpirseen, a town of SwiflerlAnd, in the canton of Bern, near which is the famous ca> yern of St. Pat. It is feated on the lake of Thun, 25 miles SSE of Bern. Umoerwalden, » canton of SwiflTerland, the fixthin rank > bound* ed on the N by the canton of Lucern, >nd by the Lake of the FourCantons ; on the £ by high mountains, v^hich feparate it from the canton of Uri j on the S by Mount B.unich, which parts it from the cantonSof Bern } and 0n the W by that of Lucern. It takes its name from a wood, nearly in Che middle of the country, and running from N to S. This canton is 25 miles in length, and 17 in breadth, and is divided into two parts, called Oberwaid and Underwald. Formerly the whole canton was under the fame jurisdic- tion ; but the inhabitants of the two diftri^ls now form two republics, and have each their lands.gemeind, or general aiTembly, theirlandamman, and council of regency } but with refpeA to external affairs, there is a joint coun- cil, chofen equally by the two divifions. The inhabitants are Roman catholics. Stantz is the capital. Unghwar, a town of Upper Hun- gary, capital of a county of the fame Jiame, in an ifland formed by the Ungh. It is ftrong from its Htuation among the mountains of Crapach, and is 47 miles E of Cafibvia. Lon. az 23 £, lat. 48 48 N. Union, the county town ofFay- «tte, in PennyfylTiuiai 11 miles from Lon. 79 48 w, the Monongohela. lat. 39 54 N. United Provinces op th« Netherlands, a republic ofEu. rope, confifting of feven provlncej, extending from N to S 150 miles, and 100 from E to W. They are bounded on the W and N by the German Ocean, on the S by Brabant and Liege, and on the E by Germany. They rank in the following orderj Guelder'and, Holland, Zealand, U- trecht, Friefland, Overyflel, and Gro- ningen. Befide thefe provinces, are the lands of the generality (Including Dutch Brabant, Flanders, and Lim- burg) in which are the towns of Bois. le-Duc, Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, Maeftricht, Venlo, Sluys, and Kulll. This republic (which is likewife called by the general name of Holland) af. fords a ftriking proof, that perfevering induftry is capable of conquering every difadvantage of climate and fituation. The air and water ate bad ; the foil produces naturally fcarce any thing but turf ; and the pofleffion of thit very foil is difputed by the ocean, which, rifing coniiderably above the level of the land, isrprevented fiom overflowing it, only by expenfive dikes, Yet the labours of the patient Dutch- man have rendered this fmall territory one of the richeft fpots in Europe, with refpefl; to population and property, In other countries, pollefled of a va- riety of natural produ^iuns, itis not fur* priiing to find manufadlurers employed in augmenting the riches which the bounty of the foil beftows j but to fee, in a country like Holland, large wool- len manufafVures, where there are fcaice any flocks i numberlefs artifts employed in metals, where there is not a mine j thoufands of faw-mills, where there is fcarce a wood i an im- menfe quantity of corn exported from a country, where there is not agricul- ture fufficient to fupport one half of iti inhabitants, is what mufl: fti kc every attentive oblierver with admiration. The Dutch have derived great fources of opulence from their flflieries ; but thefe have greatly declined. They were formerly in pofTciTiou of the car- rying 'trade of alm< nations, and were Europe. But thel continue to be fq^ other European m their eyes fo far own fliipping in cftabtifh banks of Dutch trade, howe; in confequence of they ftill regulate t! Europe, 3%1 thel it were, the univi the commodities 0: the globe. Amon| I their Eaft India c trade is the moftvalu ing cloves, mace, 1 j namon. Their Afi the coafts of the i capi:al of which is I the governor geners India fettlements j Ion the coafiis of S I and Coromandel ; tl :he Moluccas or Spi< J ments or fadlories ir jieb^s, at Surat and gulf cf Peifiaj witl Icoinale, &c. in Ce; I the Dutch have th I Hope, with feveral j jin Guinea. In th Ithey have St. Eu(i |Ciiraf-,a J and in S . jlo"itj of Ifiequibo, ■nam, and Btrbicp. jProvinces, the inlan jfjcilitated by canals, jcountry in every direi prof their manufa^i Sjardam, a village ii jinftance, containing pnnely, cornmills, Tiills, mills for the r N, &c. Since the J veil United Provinc Idered as one politic |ir the prefervation of ff^nfquence of the I IHERLANDS) thc S taranty each other' hkt war and peace, h their joint capacity ; «l fioverntneiit, each ■.ihii,\:2,^ ^k .. J >.:' J. .^■. 1-^ r/A^v: =;-5.VI--M.'.J.J! Klfiik^f.^ UN' I' rylng'trade of almoft ali other trading nations, and were th*. bankets for all Europe. But thefe advantages did not continue to be f% lucrative, when the other European nations b'l^an to open their eyes fo far as to employ their own (hipping in their trade, and to tftablifh banks of their own. The ' Dutch trade, however, is ftill immenfe ; in confequence of their vaft opulence, they ftlU regulate the exchange for all Europe, a%t their country is, as it were, the univerfal warchotife of the commodities of every quarter of the globe. Among the monopolies of their Eaft India company, the fpice trade is the moft valuable J comprehend- ing cloves, mace, nutmegs, and cin- namon. Their Afiatic pofllffions are the coafts of the ifland of Java, the cjpi^al of which is Batavia, vhe feat of the governor general of all their Eaft India lettlements } fome fettlements on tlie coafts of Sumatra, Malabar, and Coromandel ; the greateft part of :hc Moluccas or Spice lilands j fjtrle- Imentsor faftories in theiflaiiJ of Ce- ieb's, at SuraC and Petra, and in the Igult cf Peifiaj with Colombo, Trin- wmale, &c. in Ceylon. In Afiica, jthe Dutch have the Cape of Good Hope, with feveral forts and factories lin Guinea. In the Weft Indies. Ithsy have St. Euftatia, Saba, and ICiirar^a ; and in S America, the co- |lu",iij of Ifiequibo, Dtmerary, Suri- pm, and Bcrbice. In the United iProvinces, the inland trade is [iieatly Ifacilitated by canals, whitli crolb the Icountry in every direftion. The num- Ibtrof their manufadures is aftonifliing. Siardani, a village in N Holland, for tnllaiice, containing 900 windmills } pianneiy, cornmills, faw and paper- nllls, mills for the making of white P'ad, &c. Since the year iS^'g* the veil United Provinces muft be con- Rdcred as one political body, united fir the prefer vation of the whole. In pfquence of the Union (fee Ne- iHERLANDs) thc Scvcu Piovinccs k'jaranty each other's rights ; they like war and peace, levy taxes, &c. nheir joint capacity } but as to inter- ^1 governments each prgvi;;(« is jr.- UNI dependent. They fend deputies (cho* fen out of the provincial ftates) to the general alTembly, called the ftates-ge« nera!, which is invefted with the fu- preme legiflative power tf the confede« ration. At the head of this govern- ment there has ufualiy been a prince ftadtholdery who exercifes a condde* rable part of the executive power* After the death of William 11 (the fourth ftadtholder) in 1667, thii office was abolilhed by the ftates ; but, in 1672, when Lewis XIV inva- ded Holland, the moft violent popular commotions compelled them to repeal the edift; to inveft William HI, prince o<^ Orange, with the office, and to declare it hereditary. On his death, in 1702, it was again alx)* liflied ; but, in 1745, fome popular commotions compelled the ftates, not only to inveft William IV, prince of Orange, with this office, but again to declare it hereditary in his family. There have conftantly been two oppo- fice parties in the ftate ; one of which called the patriots, or the Louveftein paity, is averfe, and the other attach- ij to the power of the ftadtholder. In i7J57,acivil war aftually commen- ced, and the ftadtholder (William V, the prelent prince of Orange) was de- prived of the office of captain-general J but he was reftored, the fame year, by the interference of Great Britain aiid Pruffia. When thc whole country, however, was rapidly overrun by the Fiencli, in January 1795, *^^ ftadt- holder and his family were compelled to feek an afylum in England ; the anti fiadtholdexian party, now trium- phant, proceeded to new-model the go- vernment, and, in particular, to abo- li/h the ftadtholderate j and the French treating the Dutch as an independent ftate, concluded with them a treaty of alliance, offenfivc and defenfive j the particulars of which, as well as the aU tcrations in the government of thie country, will be noticed more properly when a general peace Htall have given, to the different ftates of Europe, funie prnfpeAs of permanence in their ref- pcdive arrangements. The Calvinift r?ligioj]i it pftabliihcd in the United VOL VOL Provinces j but moft other Chriftian on the E by Bohemia, on the N by ie£lSf and the Jews, are tolerated, the duchy of Altenburg, and on the Anafterdana is the capital j but the feat W by Thutingia and Franconia, cf the ftates-general is at Hague. See Plawen is the capital. SCHILD. VoKILMARK,OrWoLlCKMARK, United States or America, a town of Carinthia, feated on the « republic of N America, confiftingori- Drave, z6 miles SE of Clagenfuit, finally of thirteen provinces fubjedl to Vol ano, a feaport of Italy, in the Great Britain, but which were ac- Ferrarefe, feated on the gulf of Ve. knowledgedindependentftatcsin 1783. nice, atone of the mouths of ths Po, They are Maffachufets, New Hamp- 40 miles E of Ferrara, Lon. 12 36 ihire, Rhode Ifland, Connecticut, £, lat. 44 51 N. New York, New Jerfey, Pennfylva- Volga, the largeft river in Europe, nia, Delaware^ Maryland, Virginia, which has its fource in two fmall lakes, N and S Carolina, and Georgia; and in the Ruffian government of Plelkof, Kentucky and Vermont having fince 80 miles W of Tver. It begins to be been added to them, the prefent navigable a few miles above that town, number of the ftates that form this and is greatly augmented here by thei great American republic is fifteen, jundlion of the Tverza, which is i: See America. broader, deeper, and more rapid river,| Unna, a town of Weftphalia, in By means of the Tverza, a communi the county ofMarck, formerly a con- cation is made between the Volga an fiderabie Hanfeatic Jtown. It is feated the Neva, or, in other words, Letweti on a brook called Kottelbeck, 10 the Cafpian and the Baltic. This ri miles NE of Dortmund, and 35 S of ver palfes by Yaroflaf, Koflioma, Munfter. Ni/hnei-Novogorod, Kafan, Simbii/k; Unna, a river of Croatia, which and Saratof, entering the Cafpian Sea, pafles by Wihitfch and Dubitzit, rnd by feveral moutha, below Aftracan. fails into the Save. Volcano, one of the rroft conii Unsha, one of the two provinces deraLle of the Llpari Iflands, in thi of the government of Koftjoma, in Mediterranean, lying S of the ir.andoj Ruflia. MakarieP, feated on the li- Lipari. It is 12 miles in circumfc< -ver Unflia, is the capital, 200 mi!es rcnce, and is a volcano, in the fori W by S of Koftioma, and 324 SW of of a broken cone, but now emits I'moki Mofccw. only. Volcano, as well as all tiiefi Ukst, the mol remote of the illands, is fuppofed to have been origij Shetland Iflands, beyond 61'-' N Lit. nally the work cf fubterrancan fireJ It is eight miles long, and four broad. Fazzei'o, one of the bcft of the Sicili; VoERDEN, a town of the United authors, gives an account of the vjI provinces, in Holland, feated on the caiiic produftion of this ifland, whiclj ■Rhine, ten miies W of Utrecht, and happened, he fays, in the early tini ao S of Amfterdam. It was taken by of the Roman republic, and is record] the French in 1672 and 1795. ed by Pliny, and others- VoGHERA, a town cf Italy, in Vui.canf-t.lo, a fr^all volcanl^ the duchy of Milan and tenltory of ifland in the Mediterraneans beuvte^ Pavia. It is feated on the Sti-.f}bia, Lipuri and Vi)lcano. J4 miles SW of Pavia, and 30 SVVof Vclhtnia, a pala'.inateof PolanJj Milan. bounded On iha N by Polefia, ontli Void, a town of France, in the E by Kiof, on the S by l^odoll 27 vou miles N£ of Benevento, and 52 Nl of Naples. Vol VIC, a town of France in the departmentof Puy deDome, two miles from Riom. Here are immenfe quar« ries, formed by a current of prodigious lavas, which furnifh materials for the buildings of the adjacent towns. The fculptors have employed no other for the ftatues in the churches ; < and the Auvergnian faints (fays a French writer, before the late univerfal demo- lition of faints) have here the cok>urj which elfewhere is given to the devil.* VooRN, a for; of Dutch Guelder- land, on an iflai^ 1 formed by the jundlion of the Wahal and the Maefey at the E end of the Bommel Waert. VooRN, an ifland of the United Proviiices, in S Holland, between the mouth of the Meafe, Briel is the ca- pital. VooRNLAN©, a territory of the United Provinces, anciently part of Zealand. It confifts of the iflands of Voorn, Goree, arid Overflackee. VoRON-'-^z, a government of Eu- ropean Rji , the capital of which, of the fame name, is feated on the Vo- ronetz, below its jundkion with the Don, 217 miles S by £ of Mofcow. VoscES, a department of France, including that part of Lorrain, which was lately a province of the fame name. It is fo called from a chain of mountains, covercu with wood, that fcparates this department from the de- partments of Upper Saone and Upper Rhine. Vou-Hou-KiKN, a city of China, in the province of Kiang-nan and ju- rifdidVion of Tay-ping-fou j the moft confidcrable, in point of riches, in that jurifdi^on. It is 52 miles SW of Tay-ping-fou. VouiLLX, a village of France, In the department of Vicnnc. Here Clo- vis gained a baltle, in 507, againft Alaric, king of the Vifigoths, which extended the French empire from the Loire to thu Pyrenees. It is 10 miles W of Foitiers. Vou-TCHANG.FOU, the Capital of the province of Huu-quaog, in China) '■ ■ - m tJPF ?lllfc rendecYousy as it werci of all the cornmercial people in the empire. As «very branch of tra bovi 3000 inhabitants. It is divided into two almoft equal parts by the tiver Sala ; and the ftreets are drawn at right angles from a central kind of fnuare. A few of th* houfes are built of brick, and ftuccoed j but the gene. |«Jity are conftnifted of trunb, fmoothed into the fhape of planks, and painted red. The roofs arc covered in with turf J and rach houfe has its fmall courtyard or garden. Upfali was formerly the metropolis of 3 we- den, and the royal refidence. The cathedral has been often greatly dj. maged by fire, and as often repaired, It contains the monument of the fa. mous Guftavua Vafa. 'The archbi- ihop of Upfala is primate of Sweden} and, formerly, the Swedifh monarchi were crowned here. The univerfity is the moft ancient in Sweden, and it the firft fcniinary in the North of academical education. The Royal Society hers is likewife theoldeft lite. rary academy in the North. Here ii a botanical garden, of which the celebrated Litme was fupsrintendant. Upfala is 35 miies NW of Stockholm. Lon. 17 42 E, lat. 59 51 N. Upton, a townof Worcefterfliire, I with a market on Thurfdny, It is feated on the Severn, 1 1 miles S of Worcefter, and 109 WNW of| London. Us»r.5 a river of RuITian Afia, I which rifcs in Mount Caueafus, and wateving Urailk, in the proviiice of' Orenburg, falls hy three moutbs i;.t(i| the Cafjiian Sea. See the next arti-j de. Uralian Cossace, a Tartirl tribe that inhabit the Ruliian prcvincsj of Orenburg, on the S fide of tliel Ural. Thefe Coffacs are deftend;il| from thofe of the Don ; and are a vi-j llant race. They profefs the Creekj religion ; but there are diflcntere ftoml ti^6 .eit«b]iAe4 religion} wbon ^\ iatdvf, fix milct )y Wof cdeii} m i fee If dentS) a< is divided f the tiver drawn at 1 kind of :s are built the gene- f trunks, lanks, and covered in jfe has its 1. UpfaU lis of Swe- ;nce. Tlie greatly da- ;n repaired, t of the fa. rhe archbi" of Sweden; (h monatchi le univerfity eden, and it jc Korlh of The Royal oldeft lite. h. Here it which the cvintendant. Stockholm. iN. nrcefterfliire, ifdny. It is 1 1 miles S WNVV of .ufTian Afia, t-.iueaf'JS, and provir.ce of nioutbs ir.w next art!- r.» a Taititj ]Hian prcvinc'sl fide of the lire defcend?(l 1 and are a vi- the Greek kiffenters ftom URB Ruflians cjlied Bo/kofniki, or Separa- tiits, and who ftyle th.-mftlves Staro- vtrjki, or Old Believevs. Thele con- fider the fervice of the edabiifhed church as profane, and have their own piiefts and ceremonies. The U- ralian CofTacs are all enthufiafts for the ancient ritual, and prize their beards limoil equal to their lives. A Ruflian officer having ordered a number of Coflac recruits to be publicly ihaved in the town of Yaitflt, in 1771, tliis wanton infult excited an infurtefiion, which was fupprefled for a time ; but, in I773» the impoftor, Pugatchef, having aflumed the name of Peter UI, appeared among them, and, taking advantage of this circumftance, roufed them once more into open rebellion. This being fupprefled by the defeat and execution of the impoftor, in Older to extinguifli all remembrance of tbis rebellion, the river Yaik was called tlie Ural ; the Yaik Cofl*acs were dcno- iHiinated Uralian Coflacs ; and the town Yaitlk was named Urahk. Thefe lo^s are very rich, in confequence f their fiflieries in the Cafpian Sea. heir principal fifliery is for fturgeons nd beluga, whofe roc fupplies large kuantities of caviare ; and the ftHi, ihiefly falted and dried, afford a con- Iderable article of confumption in the Ruflian empire. Uralsk, a town of Ruflia, in the Wince of Orenburgh, feated on the tral, 375 miles NNE of Aftracan. |ee the preceding article. UftANiENBVRGH, formerly a ngnilicent, but now ruinous caftle Denmark, in the ifland of Huen, [was built for Tycho Brahe, the cs- jbratcd aftronomer, who called it Ura- (enburgh, or the Caftle of ;he Hea- 18, and here made his obfervations. 12 51 E, lac. 55 54 N. IUrbanfa, a town ot" Italy, in duchy of Uibino, with a bilhop's . It was built by pope Urban Vlil, i the river Metro, iz njilcs S of lino. IUrba.n'na, a town of Virginia, Itlie river Rappahannoc, 70 miles i of Richmond. I'lBiNo, a town of ItUy, the ca- ITRS pital of the duchy of Uibi: o, w-th a« archbi (hop's fee, and a palace, whert the dukes formerly refidcd. Greit quantities of fine e.irlhen ware are made here. It is fedced on a m'lnp.. tain between the Metro and Fogli;!, 1 3 miles SofRimim, 5S E of Flo- rence, and 120 NE of Rome. Lon. IZ 40 £, lat. 43 46 N. Urbino, a duchy of Italy, in the Ecclcfialt cjI State, bounded on the N by the gulf of Venice, on the S by Perugino and Spoletto, on the E by Ancona, and on the W by Tufciny and Romagna. It is 55 mles in length, and 45 in breadth. The air is not very wholefome, nor is the fcil fer- tile. URGANTZ,0rJuRCAN8T, a tOWll of Afia, in the country of the Turco- mans, 240 miles E of the Cafpian Sea, and 70 S of lake Aral. It was formerly a very confideraMe place, buc it is now in ruins. Lon. 60 25 £9 lat. 40 5 5 N. Urgelj an ancient town of Spalia, in Catalonia, capital of a county of the fame name, with a bilhop's fee. It if feated on the Sagra, 60 miles W of Perpignan, and 75 N by V/ of Barce- lona. Lon. I 44 £, lat. 42 32 N. Uri, the moft fouthetn canton of Swiflerland, and the fourth in rank. It is bounded on the N by the canton of Schweitz and the Lake of the Four Cantons, on the E by the country of the Grifons, and the canton of Glarus, on the S by the bailiwics of Italy, and on the W by the cantons of Under- walden and Bern. It is 30 miles in length, and ix in breudch. See Schweitz . Uri, Lake ot. See Wald- ST^TTER See. Ursitz, St. \ town ofSwllVer- hnd, in the bi/liopvic of Bilk", capital t'f ar» cxtefifive and populous, though hilly b-iiliwic of the fame name, in which fteel is man jfa^Ttured v;ith great fuccefs- The town is indebted for its origin to a hermitage, built ia the feventh century by St. Urlinius. It is feated on the D>)ubs (over wl.ich is a ftonc bridge) feven tnilui 3 of P»"> rciUru. C« UST UsBic Tartary, a vaft couti' try of Wcftern Tartary, bounded on the N by the country of the Kalmucks, on the E by Thibet, on the S by Hindooftan, and on the W by Perfia and the Cafpian. Thefe Tartars are divided into feveral tribes, governed by their refpc£live khins or princef. "When under one fovereign, they were the moft powerful of all the Tartarian nations. The principal khans pride themfelves in being defccHded from Tamerlane, whofe birthplace was the ancient city of Samarcand, 13 miles SW of Bokhara, the prefent capital. The religion of the Uibecs is Maho- metanifm ; and they differ, in general, very little from the people of the N provinces of Hindooftan. UsEDOM) an illand of PruiTian Po- jne.ania, feated at the mouth of the Oder. Between this and the i/land of WoHin, is a paflage called the Swin. It bad formerly a confiderable town of the fame name, which was a'moft re- duced to a/hes in 1473. Lon* 14 11 "B, lat. 54 6 N. UsER'"fiE, an ancient town of France, in the di;partment of Corrcze, feated Oi a deep craggy rock, at the foot ofwhici*! flows the Vezere, 37 jTiiles SE of Limoges, and 217 S of Paris. UsHANT, a fmallifland of France^ on the coaft of the department of Fi- nifterre, oppofite Conquet, with a caf- %]e. Lon. 5 4 W, lat. 48 28 N. UsK, a large town of Monmouth- ihire, with a market on Monday. It is feated on the Uflc, 12 miles SW of Monmouth, and 140 W by N of Lon- don. UsK, a river of Brecknockfliire, which waters Brecon, and entering Monmouthfhire, divides that county into two unequal portions ; p-.fling by Abergavenny, Uflc, and Caerleon, and entering the Brillol Channel below Newport. UssEL, a tjvvn of France, in the de- partment of Correze, five miles NE of the caftle of Ventadour. Lon. 2 15 E, lat. 45 32 N. ysTANio, a town of Italy, in the UZE 'i'-'O, u Crcmonefe, feated on the miles NF, of Cremona. UsTiuG, a town of Ruflia, capital of the province of Velikl-Uftiug. It is feated on the Sukhora, 464 miles NE of Mofcow. Lon. 46 30 E, lat, 61 15 N. Utoxetir, a large town of Staf» fordfliire, with a market on Wednef. day, the greateft in this part of Erg. land, for corn, cattle, hogs, flieep, bui;tel-, and cheefe. It is feated on a riling ground, near the Dove, ij miles NE '^f Stafford, and 136 NNW of London. Utrecht, a large fortified city of the United Provinces, capital of a pro. vince of th2 fame name, with a fa. mous univerfity. Here the union of the Seven United Provinces was begun in 1579 ; and here was concluded, in 1713, the peace which germinated the wars of queen Ann. Utrecht furrer,» dered to the Pruflians in 1787, and to theFrenchin 1795, each time without refiftance. It is feated on the Rhine, 18 miles SE of Amfterdam. Lon. 5 8 E, lat. 52 7 N. Utrecht, one of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, bounded on the N by the Zuider-Zec anj Holland, on the E by Guelderland, on the S by the Rhine, and on theWJ ^y Holland. The foil is fertile, tliel air very healthy, and there are noinun. dations to fear. The length of itii| 30 miles, and the breadth 20. Utznatch, a tovvnof SwKTerladJ in a bailiwic belonging to the eantori of Schweitz and Glarus. It was al. molt entirely burnt in 1762, buthaij fince been elegantly rebuilt. It is tlirei miles E from the lake of Zuric, aci 29 SE of the city of that name, Ux.bridge, a town of Middlefei^ with a market on Thurfday. it isii the parifli of Great Hillingdon, biiti^ governed '"■parately by two biililfi two conftc '^ £s, and four headboroiigl The Culn runs through it in ftreams, and over the main ftreai is a ftone bridge. Uxbridge is i] miles W by N of London. Uzf.DA, a town of Spain, inK( Caflile, capital c name, with a c: of Madrid. Loi 46 N. UztL, a tow department of t miles SWof St. W, lat. 48 16 f Uz Es, a towi department ofC Mfmes, 20 W t SW of Orange. ^AAG, a river rifes in the tains, pafl'ps by Li into the Danube, 01 ichut. Wachovia, a ICaraiinj, fituate b Dm and Yadkin, i Mountain, in the co confifts of 100, ccc ly the Moravians, Inamed by them from Zinzendorf's in Aufl Ian ad of a/rembly, fjrate pari/h, callec ;id it now contains ( fettlements, of whic principal, Wachtendonc ^fuflian Guelderiand, (s, on tlae. river ^ 'Gurldres. Watstena, a tf the province of E , lake Wetter, and "ftle, built by G JH' '''I'Q inhabited >£. who was infane. IWactninoen, , Wderland, feated or, jJ^NV/ofNimegu^ r'AGERIA, or W m tenicory in thi K 20 miles in Jen Jih. Lubccisthe l**AHAL, a river '"mcis, i,.-.,g the o '"^hine beaovv Einm( W AH Caftile» capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a caiHe, 24 miles N by E of Madrid. Lon. 3 13 W, iat. 40 46 N. UzEL, a town of France, in the department of the Nonh Coafl, 17 miles SW of St. Brieux. Lon. a 5a W, Iat. 48 16 N. UzES, a town of France, in the I department of Card, 12 n.'ies N of Nifmes, ao W of Avignon, and zo I SW of Orange. ified city of tal of a pro. with a fa- tie union of ;s was begun )ncn;' biiJge, iDm and Yadkin, 10 miks S of Pilot on Wu'ch KdwarJ IV iiedcd a cha- iMountain, in the county of Surry. It Iconfifts of loo.cco acres, purchafed lly the Moravians, in 175I» and Inamedby them from an efrate of count Izinzendorf 3 in Auftria. In I7SS» ''y In aft of alTembly, it was made a fe- hrate parifh, called Dobb's Farifii, M it now contains fcveral flourifhing ■tttleraents, of which Salem is the |rlncipal. Wachtindonck, a town of Iruflian Guelderland, feated in a mo- d's, on the. river Nicrs, five miles S iGufldres. [Wapstena, a town of Sweden, k the province of E Gothland, feated ilake Wetter, and remarkable for scaftle, built by Guftavus Vafa, in L4, ana inhabited by his fonMag- \vh;) was infane. IWACf NiNOEN, a town of Dutch Vldciland, feated on the Lcck, 10 lies NV/ of Nimeguen. IWageria, or Wagerland, a Itile teriicory in the duchy of Hol- 20 miles in length, and 15111 laJth. Lubcc is the capital. IWahal, a river of the United kvinc'S, IV ''ig the S branch from I Rhine betovv Emmerick. It runs pel, in rcincmb.ancc of thcli! uho loft th( ir lives in the battle mar tiiat pl.ice, in 1460. It trad-s in white cloihs ard tammies, and ifzS [iiilt-i SW of York» and 1S4 NNW or' London. Walachia, (the ancient Dicia) st fertile province of Turkey in Eiiri;pe, bounded on the N by Moldavia and Tranfylvaoia, on the E and S by the Danube, and on the W byriinfyi- vania. k is 225 m'les in ienj^;th, and 125 in breadth j and w.s c^-ded to the Tu.ks in 1739. It abounds in good horfcs and cattle, and there are mines offev^-rnl kinds. Tho. inhabita.ts are chiefly of the Greek church. Ttrgo- vifto, or Tervis, io the capital. Walcheken, a fertile ifland of the United^Provinces, the piincipal one of Zealand. It is feparated from the iflands of N and S Beve'and, by a nar- rc* channel; and from Datcii Flan- ders by tb« mouth of the Schtld ; be- ing bounded on the other fides by ilie German Ocean. It is nine miles in lenjrh, and ciglit in breadth. The capital is Middiebui^. WALC0T,a viliip. In Lincolnfhie, on the borders of the fens. It has a chalybeate fpring, fOi'nKJiy ni. cii fre- C c z k W A L ijirntcd, and is one mile from Folk- inghjm, and IC7 N by W of" London. Walcour, a town of the A\j(\rian NctheilanJs, in the county of Na- mur, between the Mcufe and Sambie. In 161 5, it was entirely deftroyed by fire. The French attempted to take it in 1689, but were defeated, and com- pelled to retire, with grent lofs, by the pritice of Waldcci., It is featcd on the Heure, 12 miles S cf Charleroy, and 17 SW of Namur. Waldeck, a town of Germany, the capital of a principality of the fame name, with a caftle, feated on the Steinbach, 25 miles SW cf Caflel. Lon. 29 4 £> lat. 51 10 N. Waldzck, a principality of Ger- many, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, bounded on the E and S by Heffe-Caflel, and on the W and N by Weftphalia, It is 30 miles in length, and 20 in breadth ; is a mountainous country, covered with woods; and has mines of iron, copper, quickfilver, and alum. Walden, commonly called Saf- rRON-WAtDEN, a corporate town in Eflex, w'Sth a market on Saturday. It is feated on an afcent, among pleafant fields of faffron, which is here culti- vated. It has a fine large Gothic church, and is 27 miles NW of Chelmsford, and 42 N by E of London. Waldkirk, a town of Suabia, in Auftrian Brifgaw, and in an ifland formed by the Eitz, five miles from Friburg- Waldschvt, a ftrong town of Suabia, and one of the four foreft- tov/nF, fubjeft to the houfe of Au- rtiia. It is feated oppofite the place where the Aar fails into the Rhine, at the entrance of the Black Foreft, 17 miles W of Schciffh-iufen. WALnsTiCSDTE, a name given to the Swifs cantons cf Luccrn, U»i, Schweitz, and Underwalucn. Ic lig- rifies Fcre/i T.nvn^ j thel'e cantons containing a greit number of forefts. This diitrift mnft not be confounded with the Waldflffidre, or Foreft Towns of Suabia, which arc Lauffenburii, "Waldfchut, Stckingen, and Rhtin- feldeii. Waldstattea See, or Lake W AL OF THE FoURCANTONS.One ofihe fincft Likes in Swifl'erJand. It confifts of three principal branches, called the the likes of Lucern, Schweitz and Uri. The upper branch, or lake of Lucern, it in the form of a crofa 4 the fides of which ftretch from Kufihatcht to Dullcnwal, a village near Stantz » toward the E of this branch, it contracts into a narrow creek, fcarcely a^mile acrofs ; but foon after, it again widens, and we en- ter the fecond branch, or lake of Schweitz ; on the W fide, the can- ton of Underwalden, en the E that of Schweitz : near Brumen, we en. ter the third branch, or hke of Uri, which takes a SE direflion. Wales, a principality in the W of Great Britain, comprehending u counties ; namely, Anglefey, Carrar. vonfiiire, Denbighfl.ire, Flintftjire,ivle. rioncthfhire, and Montgomeryftiife, i.i N Wales ; Brecknockfliire, Cardigan- /hire, Carmarthenfliirc, Glamorgan. fhirc, Pembroke(hire, and Radnor. fliire, in S Wales, It is the countty to which the ancient Britons Jjed, when this ifland was invaded by tkj Saxons. They are now called Weill, and continue to preferve their own language. The W pait is bourdej by St. George's Channel and the Mli Sea, the S by the Briftol Channel, the N by the Irilh Sea, and theE by Eiig. land, it contains 751 pariflies, aij 58 market-towns. The air is cjcjij and Iharp, the cattle fmall, and , v'fions, in general, good and ch.jpJ Wales is a mountiinous country, ar.ij is particularly remarkable for goats It is watered by many rivers, the prinJ cipal of which are noted in the diftereM counties. Walel, New North, a counn of N America, in NewBritain,lyingl of Hudfon's Bay, and fubieft toGtu Britain. Wales, New SoutHj :i coud of N America, in New Britiiin, lyinjj W of Hudfon's Bay, and fubjc-fli Great Biitain. See Britain, Niw| Hudson's Bay, and Lacradoj. Wales, New South, theEca of New Holland, extending from^ 49 to 10 17 S lat. being the »nd S pxtremlt \n 1788, a fett tion and empioj formed on this ( in lop. 151 28 which he called chain of lofty r in a N and S niiles inland. 'I country is pleai g;;ntle rifings ar lies, covered, fo Ijige fpreading tr ceifion of leaves variety of flowerii entirely new to ; exquifite fra^ran placts which ar Many of the p! ported into Britai liAinjr, not only «t Kew, but in i tions. With n(^ it appears not to b liett has never b^e mer, nor the cold ter* Storms of 1 aing are frequent j men to all waim cc dfupeds are princip kind, of which th is the kanguroo. fpecies of dogs ve thofe known in extremely fierce, s brought to the far miliarity as thofe acquainted : fome brought to Englan their native feroci which are the only they have, refemble their language they but all other quadru ception, tlisy name arc n)any beautiful kiads, among whic orcaflbwary, which the hei^rht' of ttvcn alfo feveral kinds fpiders, and Icolope or four fpecies of green ants, which on trees in a very The inhabitants are r^'^^-: '*!V^J'r , one of ihe It confifts called the iweitz and , or lake orm of a retch from a village E of this a narrow s ; but foon -A we en- or lake of ;, the tan- the E that len, we en. ike of Uri, n. in the W of I hending n | ;fey, Carr.ar. rintfliire,Me. Tieryrtiire, i:i' le, Cardigan- Glamorgan. and Radncr.l s the couiitiyl iBritons MA aded by thel called WeliliJ their own! is bour.deiil and the lrilli| Channel, thel he F. by Eng{ parifties, ni air is deal ,.,11, ar.dproJ jnd ch.'apj country) ar,i| e for goss. 'ers, the fm\ the diftettnl tain,lying^ bjeft to GieJ „ntaii),lyi"j| md fubjeftf ■H,theEcoi iding froim being th« ' le, W AL »nJ S extremities of that vaft ifliud. In 1788, a fettlement, for the recep- tion and employment of convicts, was formed on this coaft, at Port Jackfon, in iun. 151 28 £, and lat. 33 50 S, which he called Sydney Cove. A vail chain of lofty mountains runs nearly in a N and S dirediun about fixty miles inland. The general face of the country is pleafing, diverfiiiod with gentle rifings and fmall winding val- lies, covered, for the moft part, with laigc fpreading trees, aft"'>rding a fuc- celfion of leaves in a'l feafons ; and a variety of flowering ilirubs, almoll: all entirely new to an European, and of exquifite fragrance, abound in the places which are free from trees. Many of the plants have been im- ported into Britain, and are now fluu- lilhinp, not only in the royal ganlcii at K,ew^ but in many private collec- tions. With refpeft to the climate, it appears not to be difagreeabie : the heat has never been exceflive in Cum- meri nor the cold intolerable in win- ter. Stornni of thunder and light- ning are frequent j but thefe are com- mon to all warm countries. The qua- drupeds are principally of the opona;Ti kind, of which the moft remarkable Is the kanguroo. There is alfo a fpecies of dogs very different from thofe known in Europe : they are extremely fierce, and can never be brought to the fame degree of f.i- miliarity as thofe with which we are acquainted : fome of them have been brought to England, but ftill retain their native ferocity ; thefe dogs, which are the only domeftic animal they have, refemble our fox do^j. In their language they arc called dinge j bjt all other quadrupeds, without ex- ceptlon, they name kanguroo. There arc many beautiful birds of various kinds, among which are the oftrich I orcaflowary, which frequently reaches the height of fever; feet. There are alfo feveral kinds of ferpents, large )iders, and fcolopendras ; and three I or four fpecies of ants, particularly I green ants, which build their nefts on trees in a very Angular manner. The inhabitants are reprefented as, W AL perhaps, the moft miferable and la- vage race of men exifting. They go entirely naked j and, though pleafed, at firft, with fome ornaments that were given them, they foon threw them away as ufelefs. It does not appear, however, that thty are in- fenfibie of the benifits of clothing, or of fome of the conveniences of which their new neighbours are pcf^ felled. Some of them, whom the colonifts partly clothed, feemed to be pleafed with the comfortable warmth they derived from it j and they all ex» prefs a great defire for our iron tools. Their colour is rather a deep chocolate than a full black j but the fi'th with which tlieir fliin is covered, prevents its true colour fro 11 appearing. Not- wichilar.ding their difregiid for Eu- ropean fiafry, they are t\ill^ ui adum- ing their b tdies with fears ; fo that fome of them make a very hideous figure. Sometimes, the fkin is raifed feveral inches from the flo/b, and ap. pears as if filled with wind ; and all thefe feem to be reckoned marks of honour. Some of them perforate the cartilrgc of the nofe,and thruftaiargs bone through it, a frightful kind of ornament, humoroufly called by the fjilors t\it\t Jprit fail yard. Their hair is generally fo much clotted with a red gum, that they refemble a mop. They paint theml'cJves with various colours s they will aifo fometimcs ornament themfelves with beads and fhells, but make no ufe of the beautiful feathery of their birds. Moft of the men want one of the fore-teeth in the upper jaw, which alfo appears to be a badge of honour among them. Ic is com- mon for the women to cut off two joints of the little finger j which, confidering the clumfineCs of ti lir amputating inftruments, muft be a painful operation. The New Hol- landers appear extremely deficient in the ufeful arts. Of the cultivation of the ground they have no notion ; nor can they be prevailed upon to eat bread or dieflfed meat. Hence they depend entirely for fubfiftence ob fruits and roots, and the fi(h they catch ^ and they are frequently diftrcfled foe C c 3 W AL W A L provifionj. They fometimes ftrike the 1i(h from the canoes with fpears, fome- times catch them with hooks, and •Ifo make ufe of nets, which arc ge- rrrally made of the fibres of the flax plant, with very little preparation, and are ftronj and heavy. Some of them, however, appear t'^> he made of the fur of an animal, and others of cotton. The meShti of the nets are made of arge loapi artificially infertcd into tach other, without any knots. The ho iks are made of the infide of a fhell, Tniich lefcmb'.ing mother of pearl. Tlirir canoes arc brge pieces of bark tied »yj at both ends vvilh vines 5 and •onfidering the flight texture of thcfe vedtls, the dexterity with which they are managed, ani the boldnefs with whicJA fhey venture out to fea in them, is wonderful. There is no good rea- fon for fuppofing them to be canni- l>a's ; but they eat animal fubftances raw, or next to it. Seme of their ve- getables are poifonous when raw, but not fo when boiled. They could ne- ver be brotight to tafte fpirits a fecond time. Their huts confift of pieces of bark laid together in the form of an oven, open at one end, very low, but long enough for a n ->n to lie at full Tength; but they feem to depend more for fljelter on the caverns with which the rocks abound. So far from be- ing fo inured to the cold, by going in- variably naked, as to be infenfible to the injuries of the weather, the colo- nifts had repeated opportunities of fee- ing them fliivering with cold in the winter, or huddling together in heaps in their huts, or in caverns, till a fire could be kindled to warm them. It is J)robable, however, notwithftanding their extreme barbarifm, that fome knowledge of the arts may be intro- duced among them, as fome have been feen attcntive'y confidcring the utenfils and conveniences of the Eu- ropeans, with a view, feemingly, of making fimilar improvements. In fome things alfo they polTefs a great power of imitation : they can imitate the fongs and language of the Euro- peans almoft inftantanecufly, much better than the ialter can imitate theirs by long pra£tice; and this fi. lent is difcernable in their fculptures, every nhere to be met with on the nicks : thefe lepreft-nt men and other animals, and, though rude, are very furprlling f(ir people who have not the knowledge of conihui^irg a comfort- able habitation, or of making clothcj, In peifon, they are adliv?, vigorciit, and ftout, though grnerally lean. Tb women hive f.im ■times been kipt back with the m- ft jeilous fcniibi. liry ; f )metim('s ofl'crrd with the great- eil famiiiaiity. Such of tlr-m as have been feen, hive foft and* plenfing voices ; and fecm not to be deftitiitc of modefty. The meti Jilplay great perfonal bravery on tlie appeaiance ot any da.iger; but, with all their cou- rage, they are mudi afraid of a muf- ket, and almoft equally fo of a rtj coar, which they know to be the ttiar. tial drefs of the Europear>i.. The mif. chief which they have hitherto done has been exercifed only on fome fmall ftraggling convldls, moft of whom, probably, have been the aggieirorj. They certainly burn their dead; which, perhaps, has given rife to the ftory of their being cannibals. Thejr feem very little given to thieving, in comparifon with the inhabitants ofj moft of the iflands in the Southern Ocean ; and they are very boneft I among themfelves, leaving their fpears | and other implements on the beach, in perfeft fecurity of their re naininj I untouched. They are vt.y expert at throwing their javelins, and will hltj| mark, with great certainty, at a con- fiderable diflance. They are moreru. merous than was at firft imagined; I though ftill their numbeis muft be accounted few in comparifon to the extent of the country; and there is reafon to believe that the interior | parts are uninhabited. The juril- diftion of the governor of New Si Wales extends from 43 49 to i0 3j[ S latitude ; from the fcacoaft well- ward as far as Ion. i35°E; and] from the feacoaft caftward, it in- cludes all the iflinds in the Pacific I Ocean witlun the abovcmeatlouciii latitudes. WAL WAL ^ Walk ENREiD, a town of Ger- the hundred of Furnefs, Lon. 3 6 tniny, in the territory of Thuringia, W, lat. 54 o N. and county of Hohenftcin, feaffd on Walpo, a tow>n of Sclavonia, ca- tiiL- Sorge, ao miles SW of Ha'ber- pital of a county of the fanrie namcy Ihdt. with a caftle, feated on the liver Walleburd, a town of SwifTcr- Waipo, 20 rriiles W of Elleck, and land, in the canton of Bade, with a 110 S of Huda. Lon. 19 ^^ E, lat. caf^ie, built on a high rock, 15 miles 45 35 N. NE of Soleure. Walsall, a corporate town of Wallenstadt, a town of Swif- Staftordfiiire, with two markets, on fcrland, in the county of Sargans, but Tuefday and Friday. It has feveral enjoying many didindt priviiejjes. It manuf>idtorics,in iron, fuch as nails, derives its exiftcnre from tlie pafTage bridle-bits, ftirrups, fpurs, &c. It oi tlie mcrchanJife tranfported from is feated on the fide of a hill, i 5 miles Germany, through the country of the S of Staftbrd, and 116 NW ot Lon- Grifons, to Italy, which occalions the don. Lon. i 56 W, lat. 52 46 N. frequent refort of Italian merchants; Walsham, North, a tvown in and that langoagt is undcrftood by Norfolk, with a market on Tuefday, many of the, inhabitants. This town to miles E of Norwich, and 1*3 is feated on a lake of the fame name, NNE of London, nine miles W of Sargun:, and 15 Walsincham, New, a town of NW of Coire. Norfolk, with a market on Fiiday, WAttKNfTADT, a lake of Swif- It is famous for the ruins of a monaf- fetland, j% miles in length, and two tery, which had a fij -e of the Vir- in breadth. It is bounded by high gin, almoft as onu..u frequented a» mountains, except to the £ andW; that of Thomas-a-Bccket at Carter- its fcenery is uncommonly wild and bury. Among thefe ruins are two un- piAurefque ; and numberlefs water- covered wells, one of which is called falls, occafioned by the malting of the the Virgin MaryV, or the Holy Well, fnovvs, fall down the fides of the Walfingham is 2; miles NW of Nor-» mountains from a very conP.derable wich, and 1 16 NNE of Lordon. height, and with an almoft incorjceiv- Waltham Abbey, or Wal- able variety. Through this lake flows tham Holy Cross, a tjwn of the Mat, which, foon after, joining Eflex, with a market on Tuefday. It the Linth, forms the river Limmat. received its fecond appellation from a Wallingford, an ancient bo- holy crofs, pretended to have been mira- rough in Berkfhire, with two mark- culoufly conveyed here, and it obtained ets, on Thurfday and Saturday. It its firft name from a magnificent abbey, was once furrounded by a wall, and founded, in honour of this crofs, by had an ancient caftle, now demoliflied, king Harul ly fome fragments of which and four churches, of which one only remain. Harold, and hs two bro- is now in ufe. Is is feated on the thers, after the battle of Haftings, Thjmes (over which is a (tone bridge) were interred here. A phin ftone is 14 miles NW of Reading, and 46 W- fald to have been laid over him, with of London. this infcription, ' Haroldus Infelix j' Wallkill, a river of N.Ame- and a ftone coffin, fuppofed to have nca, See Drowned Lands. been his, was difcovered in the reign Walloons, a name formerly given ofElifabeih. At Waltham Abbey are to the inhabitants of a confiderable part fome gunpowder mills, and fome ma- ofthe French and Auftrian Nether- nufa€lories of printed linens and pins. knds, as Attois, Hainault, Namur, It is feated on the Lea, which here Luxemburg, and a port of Flanders forms leveral iflands, 12 miles N by E and Brabant. of London. Walney, a long and narrow ifland Waltham, or Bishop's Wal- ofLancafliire, lying off the coaft of tham, a town of Hamplhire, with a C c 4. W A N .7 •laiket on Friday, It ohtained this laft name from n palace of tlie bidiops of Wincbcfter, tiiicc rtruate here ; and here are the ruins of an abbey, called by the country people, the 6i/hop*s Abbey. The ftatute. 9 George I, com- jnonly cal'cd the Waliham Black Ad, was occafioned by a p^irty of the inha- bitants of tliig town, who had retired ■ to a reclufe dtll in the New Foreft, whence, being in dilguife, or with , their faces blacked, tixy iflVied in the nii;hc, coniniitting great depredations, and killing deer, flieep, &c. for their fubfiftt-nce. Hence tbsy were called » theWaltb.im Blacks.' The place of theii rttreai was nrceflible only by a fubcerranean patlii^', > they drelTed 'ike foredcrs, and fj? croftbow waJ thtir weapon. They were difperfedy a: h{i^ by the adivity of the iic*gh> bourin^ gi'nticmer . Waltbam it eight niiics S of WincheOer* and 65 W by Sjof Laidotu Walt HAM Csoif* or W»»t Walt HAM, a filtage of Heitfonl- Aire, which takes i^t firil appellatka finm J nob!c crofs eiefied here by Ed- ward I, in honour of Eleanor his ^ueen, and it has its ficond name from if? lirnuion W of Waltham Abbey. ]t is featcd on the river Lea* 12 miles N by E of London. Waltham on the Would, a town in L-iccfterftiire, with a market on Thurfdiy, almuft difufed. It is 19 miles NE of Lclceftcr, and 113 N by W of London. Wa l t h a m s t c w, a village of Ef- fej(, adorned with hardfome v'Ans, and featcd near the river Lei, five jiiiies NE of London. Waltinbruch, a town of Sua- bia, in the dacl.y of Wirtemburg, I'cjted on the livtr Aich. Walton, a viilage in Surry, feated ©n the ih.imei, over which it has a biiJge. Here are the remains of an ancient camp, f ippofed to have been Roman. It is tight miles W by S of Ki"grton. Walworth, a village of Surry, in the pariih of Newington, between that village and Camberwell. Wandsworth, a village of Surry, WAR feated on the Wandle, near its coifflu. cnce with the Thames. In the Uft century, many French refugees fettled here, and eftabliflied a French church, which is now a meeting for the Metho- difts. The dying of cloth has been pradlifed here more than a century; there are alfo manufadlories for bolting cloth, the printing of calicoes and ker- feymeres, and the whitening and pre/Ting of fluffs j with oil, iron, and whicelead mills, vinegar works, and diftilleries. Wandfworthls.five milei WSW of London. Wan GIN, an imperial town o( Germanyj in the circle of SuabJa. The inhabitants are catlv :ics, and carry on a great trade in ?::per and hardware. Ic is Arated on the Over, arg, 17 milcf N£ 0/ U'^Uf an4 }« £ of Conflaoce. Wancsn, • town of France, in die defMtmeatofLomtKk\pet feated on thefidcof anKNUitain,ddua^ NWofStfaftoff. Wamosm, a tmm of Swiirerbnl, tapHat of Iht baifitvic of Wangen, in Upper Argaa } feated on the Aar, be. tween Soleure and Arwangen. Wanlockheao, a village in the N part of Dumfriesfhire, fituate near the lead mines. It has a confiderabit | number of fmelting-houfes. Wanstead, a village of Eflex,on j the fkirts of Epping Forefl, diftin- guidied for Wanflead Houfe, one of | tiif. moft magnificent feats in Eng> land. The church, rebuilt in 1790, 1 is a beautiful ftrudlare of Portland | flone. It is fix miles NE of London. Wantage, a town of Berkfhire, I with a market ou Saturday. It is leated on a branch of the Ock, u miles S by W of Oxford, and 60 W[ of Londot:. Waradin, Great, a town ofj Upper Hungary, ciipitalof a county off the fame name, with a citadel, and a bilhop's fee. It was taken by thBJ Turks in 1660, but retaken iniSg:.] It is feated on the Sebes Keres, ijl miles N of Belgrade. Lon. ai 5£)| lat. 47 5 N. Waradin, Little, a town of j Sdavonia, capital of a county of tti(| WAR : fame name. It is feated on the Drave* 30 miles SW of Kanifca. Lon« 16 15 £, lat. 46 46 N. Wakancole (the Arinkill of FeriHita) once the capital of Golcon- da> in the Deccan of Hindooftan. The Hte of it is ftiil evident from the old ramparts, which are amazingly ex- tenfive. A modern fort is conftrudled within it, and is in the ponTeflion of the nizam of the Deccan. It is 62 miles NE of Hydrabad. Lon. 79 30 i, lat. 18 6 N. War BERG, a feaport of Sweden, in the province of HallanJ, 30 miles S of Gottenburg, with a caftle. Lon» II 46 E, lat. 57 12 N. Warburg, a town of Germany, in the bifhopric of Paderborn, for- «^erly imperial and hanfeatic. It is icuted on the Dymel, 20 miles S£ of Paderborn. War COP, a village in Wcftmor- land, on the river Eden, near the Ro- mM\ Maiden-way, S£ of Appleby. . Here was once a caftle, which co- vered near an acre of grcnnd. Waroe, a town of Denmark, in Jutland, 15 miles from Ripen, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. Wardhuys, a fpaport of Danifh Lapl.tnd, on a fmalj ifland of the fame name, with an old fort, where the go- vernor refiJes. It is 120 miles SE of til- North Cjptv Lon. 3 1 6 E, Mr. 70 22 N. Ware, a town of Hertfordfliire, with a confiilerable market on Tuef- day, for corn and malt, great tjuaii- tl;',ts of which aie fent tu London, by tlie river Lea, on wliich it is leatcdi U 1408, it was deftroyed by a great inundation. It is 21 miks N of Lon- Warebridge, orW adebridge, a town in Cornwall, feated on the C>- me', and noted for its bridge over that river, wlilch confifts of 20 arches. It is 20 miles W of Launceiton, and 242 W by S of London. War EH AM, a borotigh of Dorfct- (hiie, with a market on Saturd ly. It is feated between the Frome aod BiJilIo, wliere tiicy fall into Lochford Lake, wd where ch(.'rt; is a j^ood h-aibour. It WAR had fevetal churches, but they are. now reduced to three; and its harbour is choked up. It is 20 miles £ of Dor- chefter, and 1 14 W by S of London, Lon. 2 16 W, l?,t. 50 43 N. Wakka, a town of Poland, in the province of Mafovia, and palatinate of Czerfk, feated on the Pilfa. Lon, 21 15 E, lat. 51 35 N. Warkworth, a village in North- umberland, five miles SE of Alnwick, feated on the Cocket, with a caftle,. in which is a chapel cut out of a rock. Warminster, a town in Wilt- fhire, with a market on Saturday. Ic is ftated at the fource of the Willy- bourn, 22 miles NWof Saliftury, and. 97 W by S of London. Warnemunde, a feaport of Gev- many, in the duchy of Mecklenbu-g, feated on the Baltic, at the mou "'. of the river Warne, 26 miles N£ ofWif- mar. Lon. i» 26 E, lat. 54 4 N. Warneton, a town of Auftriaiv Flanders, feated on the Lis, eight mil-js NW of Lifle. Warrington, a large and popu.- lous town in Lancafliire, w'th a mar- ket on Wcdnefday. It is feated on the Merfey, over which is a curious- ftone bridge. It has manufactories of fail-cloth, facking, cotton, and pins,, with foiiie glafshoufes. Warrington is 18 miles Eof Liverpool, 18 mi'esWby. S of Manchefter, and 183 NNW of London. Lon. 2 45 W, lat. ct Warsaw, the capital of Poland, and of the province of Mafovia, built pjrtiy in a plain, and p.iitly on a gentle- rife from the Viftula, wliich is as broad as the 'i'hamcs at W>.flhninfter, but flirllow in fuinmer. This city and its fub'.irbs occupy a vaft extent ofground, and contain above 60,000 inhabitant?, Tlie whole exhibits the flrong co'itraft of wealth and poverty, luxury and dif- trefs, which pervades every pa t of this unhappy cou itry. The (tree s are fpaci.ius, but ill pave J J tlie churches and public buildings, lar;.^e and inag- nificeiitj the palaces of the iiuliiiity, numerous and fplendid, butthegroit- eft pa t ol' tliC i.oufcj; |vutli.uiai.y ipi, ^s ■ ■■ • ■-" ■' ''■■ WAR WAS m t^e fuburbs) are mean and !lI-con- ftrufted wnoden hovels. In the be- ginning of I794»the emprefs of Ruf- '^a put a garrifon into this city, In or- amptonfliire, on the SW byG]oucef> terfhire, and on the S£ by Oxford, fhire. Its extent from N to S ia 47 miles, and from E to W 30. It der to compel the Poles to acquicfce in lies partly in the diocefe of LichfieiJ th; ufurpationsfliehadinviewj butthis and Coventry, and partly in that of garrifon was foon expelled by the citi- Worcefter; is divided hito four hun. zens. The infurreflion became gene- dreds and one liberty ; contains one ral throughout Poland, and the king of city, 12 market-towns, and 158 pa< Pruflla laid fiege to Warfaw in July, riflies ; and fends fix members to par- but was compelled to raife the fiege in liament. The air is very mild, plea. September. It was undertaken, how- fant, and healthy, and the foil rich ever, by the Ruffians, who, on No- and fertile. vember 4, took by ftorm the fuburb Washington, the name of feve- of Praga : a dreadful maffacre enfued ; ral counties in the United States of N the whole of the fuburb was nearly re- America; namely, in Rhode Iflandj dwccd to alhes} and the immediate in New York, of which Salem is the confequence was the furrenderof the capital; in the SW corner of Penn- city to the Ruflians, who made their fylvania, the capital of the fame name; triuirphant entry into it on the loth. in Maryland ; in Virginia ; in N Ca. Waitaw is 160 miles SE" of Dantzic, rolina; in S Carolina, in thediftriftof 130 NNE of Cracow, and 300 NE of Charleftown ; and in Georgia, the capital Vienna. Lon. ii o E, lat. 5114 N. of which is Gclphinton. Warta, a town of Great Poland, Washington, a flourishing ccm- in the palatinate of Siradia, fetted on mercial town of N America, in the the river Warta, iz miles N of Si- ftate of N Carolina, fcated on the river radij. Wartenburg, a town ofSilefia, capital of a lordfhip of the fame name. In 1742, it was entirely reduced to aflies, except the caftle. It is 21 miles NE cf Breflaw. Lon. 17 42 E, lit. 51 19 N Tar. Washing TON, a town of NAme- rica, in the ftate of Georgia and county of Wilkes. A mile and a half from this town is a medicinal fpring, which rifes from a ho! low tree, the infide of which is covered with a coat of nitre, W^ARWicK, an arcient borough of an inch thick 5 and the leaves around WarwickAire, with a market on Sa- the fpring are incrufted with a fub- turday. It is the county-town, firuate ftance as wh te as fnow. This fpiing on a rocky eminence, above the Avon, has been found very beneficial in rheu- and crowned with a fine caftle of the matic cafes. ancient earls of Warwick, inhabited Washington, a flourilhing town by the prefcnt poflefTor of that title, of Pennfylvania,in thecoimtyofWaih- It had anciently fix monafteries and fix ir.gton, 300 miles W of Philadelphia, churches; of the latter two only re- Lon. 8o 20 W, lat. 40 11 N. main. It has iikewlfe a ftone bridge Washington, a city of NAme- over the Avon, a handfome fliirehoufe rica, now building for the metropo is cF cf ftone, and an hofpital for 11 de- the United States. It is fcated at ihe cayed gentlemen, who have an annu;il jundlion of the rivers Potomac and ilic allowance uf 2oi. It is 15 miles SW Eaftern Branch, in a territory railed of Coventry, and 93 NW of London. Columbia, belonging partly to Viiginia Lon. I 36 W, lar. 52 20 N. and partly to Maryland, which w,ii War\vkk3iijrje, a co'.nty of ceded by thofe two ftates to the UnlttJ England, b.unc'ed at its N extre- States of America, and by them efla. mity by a point rf DeibyHiire, on bliflied to be the feat of government,, tile NW by Sriiffordlhire, on the after the year 180c. The plan com- NE by Leicdh'ribire, on the W by bines combines convenience, uijiila- VVoJceftcrfliire,, on the £ by Nvrlh- rity, elejjance of profpeit,a free cir« WAS W'A 1* culat'on of air, and every thing grand and light the ftreets. The city extend* and beautiful that can be introduced four miles along the banks of each of into a city. The great leading ttreets its rivers ; the Eaftern Branch is one are 1 60 feet wide, including a pave- of the fafeft and moll commodious har- ment of 10 feet, and a gravel walk of bours in America, being fufficiently 30 feet planted with trees on each deep for the largeft fliips, for four fiJe, which will leave 80 feoC of miles above its junftion with the Po- paved ftrect for carriages. Thereftof tomac. The Tyber, the principal the ftreets are, in general, tio feet ftream that paflTcs through the city. Is wide, with a few only 90 feet. All to be coUefted into a grand refervoir, the houfes muft be of brick or ftone. near the Capitol, whence it will be The area for the Capitol (or houfe for carried in pipes to different parts of the the legiflative bodies) is fituate on the cityj while its furplus water will fall moft beautiful eminence in the city, down in beautiful cafcades, through The prefident's houfe will ftand upon the public gardens W of the Capitol, a rifing ground, not far from the Po-. into a canal. Lon. 77 15 W, lat. 38- tomac. Due S from the prefident's S3 N. houfe, and due W from the Capitol, Wasserburg, a town of Bavaria,, run-two great pleafure parks or malls, with a caftle, 25 miles E by S ofMu-- which inteifeii and terminate on the nich. Potomac, and are to be ornamented at Watchet, a feaport in Somerfet- the fides by a variety of elegant build- fiiire, with a market on Saturday, It ings, houfes for foreign minifters, &c. is feated on the Briftol Channel, 14, Interfperfed through the city, where miles NW of Brrdgewater, and 153 the moft material ftieets crofs each W jy S of London. Lon. 3 25 W, other, is a variety of open areas, form- lat. 51 12 N. ed in various regular figures. Fifteen Wateeoo, a beautiful ifland in of the beft of thefe areas are to be ap- the Pacific Ocean, difcovered by capt» • propriated to the different ftates com- Cook. It is fix leagues in circuit, ~ pofi.ig the Union ; not only to bear and is compofed of hills and plains. . their refpedllve names, but as proper The manners of the people, their gcne- pl.Kcs to ereft ftatues, obeli Iks, or co- lal habits, and their method of treating iumns, to the memory of their fa- ftrangers, greatly refemble thofe of ■ voiirite celebrated men. Upon an Otaheite. Lon. 158 15 W, lat. 21 eminence, where a line due W from I S. the Capitol, and due S from the prefi- Watertor!), a populous city and dent's houfe. would interfeft, is to be feaport of Ireland, in a county of the ereftsd an equcftrian ftatue of general fame name, with a bifhop's fee. It is Waihington. Proper places are marked the fccond place in the kingdom, and out for other public buildings} as a has an excellent haibour. Itftandson' marine hofpital, with its gardens; an the river Sure, eight miles N of St. exchange; a fort, magazines, and ar- George's Channel, 26 S of Kilkenny, fena: J a city hall, churches, colleges, and 75 S by W of Dublin. Lon. 6' niarlcet-houfes, theatres, &c. The 54 W, lat. 52 18 N. pr-jfi'-lvnt of the United States, in lo- Waterford, a fine county of catliig the feat of the city, prevailed Ireland, 46 miles in length, and 25 u|)3-i the ptopriet.MS of the foil to cede in brca.lth j bounded on. the S by St. a cert.»in pjrticn of ihe lots in every G;ovge's Channel, on the W by Cork, fituation, to be fold by his direftion, on th- N and NE by the river Sure, and the proceeds to be applied f^lciy to which feparatcs it from Tipperary and tic public buildings. This grant will Kilkenny, and on the E by Waterford produce 15,000 lots, and will be fur- Haven, vvliich parts it from Wexford, ficiant, not only to ere£t the public It contains 71 patifhes, and fends 10 buildings, but to dig a canal, conduit members to parliament. Water through the city, and to p.ivi Watford, a town cf Her fy^rd* • C c 6 II ■' iV"* ■ WEI WEL fiire, ^with a great corn market on Wciear. Ic Is feated on the Ilm, t» Tuefday. It is feated on the Coin, miles NE of Erfurt, and io WSW of feven miles S by W of St. Alban'S) NaLimburg. and 14 NW of Londoi. Weingartin, a town of Germa. Watlinct ON, atown in Oxford- ny, in the palatinate of the Rhine, /hire, with a market on Saturday. It feated on the Printza, four miles NE is feated under the Chiltern Hiils, on of Dcurlach, and nine S of Philipfburg. a brook, which divides the county WeiKheim, a town of Germany, from B«ckinghamAire, It's 14 miles in the palatinate of the Rhine, 10. S£ of Oxford, and 46 W of London, miles N of Heidelberg. Watten, a town of France, in Weiselmumde, a fortrefs of the department of the North and late W Pruflia, feated at the mouth of province of Flanders, feated on the Aa, the Viftub, below Dantzic, v/hofc five miles from St. Omer. harbour it defends. Lon. 18 40 E, Watton, a town of Norfolk, lat. 54 24 N. with a market on Wednefday. It is Weissemburg, a townof France, J 8 miles SW of Norwich, and 90 in the department of Lower Rhine, "NNE of London. formerly free and imperial. Between Weddenschveil, a town of this place and Lauterburg, are the fa- Swiflerland, in the canton ofZuric, mous lines from which the French on the VV fide of the lake of Zurlc, 10 drove the Auftrians in 1744 » ^nd, in mih'S SE of that city. Near it is a re- 1793, *'^^ Pruflians drove the French markabie waterfall. from the fame fituati.)n. It is feated Wr£KT, a town of Dutch Bra- on the Lauter, 10 miles SW of Lan- bant, 11 mile W of Ruremonde. It dju, and 22 NE of Stia&urg. was taken by the French in 1794. Weissemburg, a free imperial Weever, a river of Shropihire,_ town of Germany, in the bifh^pric of which runs acrcfi) Chcfhiie, and ci>- Aichltadt. The; inhabitants a;e pro. ters the eftuary of the Merfey. teftants. It is feaD d on the R^dnlth^ Weibst/iDT, a townof Germany, five tril-s N of Pappinheim, and 30 in th- bifliopiic o. Spire, ao mil.b SE SW of Aunn-ibu!^. » town of G.T- of Heide.lburi':> Weichtf. reach, n^any, in ;)ie t^iO'V.y (f Iff u&iivg, ftated on ihe river Kiniz, with a cal- tie, where the cunt rolices. WiiDEN, a town of Germany, in Weissemburg, a town of Grr- mi iv, in thn duchy of Saxony, jo m'.lfs fiom W'ttv^ii-L-i^, anJ 20 from Dell aw. V/e I S 3 E MB U S C , or A L B A - Ju L lA, a townof Tranfvlvania, ta|>iul ofa the upper palatinate oi Bavaria, feated county of the facie nau.e. See Alba- en the Nab, 10 miles NW of Leuch- Julia. fienburg. Weil, afreeinjpeiial town of Sua- Li I, in the duchy of Wiiccniburg. The inhabitants arc Roman cai holies. Ir is feated on the Worm, 12 miles W •f Stutgard, and 20 N of Tubingen. Weilb-jrg, a town of Germany, if) the county of Nafi'au, feated on the Lah Weissemburg, or SrutwEis- SEMBURG, a town of Lower Hunga- ry ; fea;;ed at the W enii of the Platten See, jG miles SVV of 13ii,ia. WsissENFELS, 3 towii of Germa- ny, in the ciick of Upper Saxony, and in Mifnia. Above the town is a fine citadel, called Augufhiibuig, the refidence of the diikc of S.ixi;- ths n, 22 miles NE of NafTau, 22 NWof Francfo.t, and X9Eof Mcntz. Weiflcnfcls. It is f'Mted on Weilheim, a town of Suabia, in Saal'-, 17 milcr, SW of Leipfick. the duchy of Wiittn;burg, feated on Wellakd, a river of Northamp- lle river Laurer. t>nfhire, whieh fepaiatcs that county Wfimar, a town of Germany, In from Lciccdcrfhiiv, Rutlandfliiic, ard Thti.ingia, with a magnificent calUe, Lincolnfhlic , pafiing by Market Ilai-- ti f jcfid.nce mf Mt duke (.f baxe- l-o.jUgh aad Stamford; f.om which WEL WER lad place it has been made navigable to he Foffdike Wafli. Wellingborough, a town of Northamptonlhire, with a market on WednefUay. A dreadful fire happen- ed here in 1738, which confumed above Soo houfes. It is feated on the afcentofa hill, on tlie river Nen, 12 miles NE of Northampton, and 68 N by W of London. Wellington, a town of Shrop- fliire, wfth a market on Thurfday. It is feated near Wrekin Hill, 12 miles E of Shrewflbury, and i^i NW of London. Wellington, a town of Somer- fetfliire; with a market on Thurfday. It is feated on the Tone, 15 miles NE of Exeter, and 147 W by S of Lon- don. WejlLS, a feaport in Norfolk, which has no market, but aconfidera- b!e corn trade. It is 27 miles N of SwafFham, and 121 NNE of London. Lon. I I E, lat. 53 t N. Wells, a fmall city of Somerfei:- fhire, with the fe? of a bifljop, who is ftyled bifliop of Bath and Weils. It has two markets, on WediieAiay and Saturday, and has its name from the wells and fprings about it. Tiie ca- thedral is a ftately pile ; and the bi- fliop's palace is like a cadle, being furrounded with walls and a moat. This city fends two members to parlia- ment J and is the centre of a great manufaftory of knit worfted ftockingj. It is 16 miles S of Briftol, and 120 W of London. Lon. 2 37 W, lat. 51 12 N. Wells, a town of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, feated on the Trawn, 18 miles S of Lintz. Welshpool, a town of Montgo- meryfhire, w th a CMifiderable maiket on Monday, for c.itcle and provifions. It is feated on the Severn, and Is the principal trading town in the county, being the great market for flannels. The cadle called Powis caftle, is built of a rcddifli ftone, and is a large fl:ate- ly ft'.ufture. It is fevcn miles N of Montgomery, 19 W of Shrewflbury, »nd 169 NW of London. Lou. 3 5 W, lat. 52 33 N, Weltenbvrg. See ABACir» WiLwvN, a village o fHertford- fliire, of which the celebrated Dr. Young was reAor j and here was ths fcene of his Night Tho'ights. It is 25 miles N by W of London. Wem, a town in Shroplhire, witli a market on Thurfday, for cattle and! provifions. It is feated on the Roden» nine miles N of Sbrewlbury, and 164 NW of London. Wenpovzr, a borough in Buck- ingham/hire, with a market on Thurf- day. 1: is feven miles SE of Ailef- bury, and 35 W by N of London. We NNE R, the largcft lake of Swe- den in W Gothland, N Wof lake Wet- ter. It is 90 miles in length, and in fome places 40 in breadth. _Wenlock, a borough in Shrop- Aire, with a market on Monday, IC is 12 miles SE of Shrewlbury, and 147 NW of London, Wensyssel, a town of Denmark, in S Jutland^ capital of a prefedlureof the fame name, and feated on the Ryaa, 17 miles NW of Alburg. Lon. j 40 E, lat. 57 4 N. Wensyssel, a fmall peninfula in Denmark, which makes the N part of Jutland; bounded on the SE by the canal of Alburg, on the £ by the ftrait of Denmark, and on the N and W by the German Ocean, Wf.ntworth, a village in York" (hire, three miles NW of Rotherham,- Here is Wentworth Houfe, a noble feat of ths late marquis of Rocking- ham, built in imitation of Wanftead Houfe, in Eflfex, and, in the front of the houfe, earl Fitzwilliam, the pre- fent proprietor, has ereAed a maufo- leum to the memory of the marquis. Weobly", an ancient borough, ia Horefordfhire, with a market on Tuef- day. It is eight miles NW of Here* ford, and 141 WNW of London, Werbin, a town of Germany, In the old marche of Brandenburg, (ot-i merly a well-fortified paflfage on the Elbe. It is feated at the confluence of that river with the Habel, 60 miles NW of Berlin. Werchteren, a town of Auf- Vian Br.'.bant^ feated at tbe coi^u- WE it ence of the Demer and Dyle, nine iniles E of Mechlin. Werden, a town of Weftphalia, In the countyof Marck, with an abbc) . It is feated on the Roer, lo miles N£ of DufTeldorf. The inhabitants are proteftants. Werdenberg, a town of Swif- ferland, fubje£l to the canton of Gia- rus, and capital of a county of the fame name, which is feparated from the canton by the county of Sargans, and bounded on the S by the Rhine. It has a ftrong caftle, whfch is tlrc re- sidence of the bailifF, and is featt d on an eminence, commanding a beautiful profpeifl. It is 16 mi!es NE of Gla- lus. Lon. 9 25 £, iat. 46 58 N. Wire, a river of the county of Durham, which pafling by the city of Durham, enters the German Ocean, below Sunderland. Weremouth, a village in Dur- ham, at the N mouth of the Were, op- p^fite Sunderland. It is alfo called Monks' Weremouth, becaufe, btfore the didolution, it belonged to the monks. Weremouth, Bishop's, a vil- lage of Durham, SW of Sunderland. It has a manufa^ory of fail-cloth. Wer LE, a town in the billiopric of Mufift.-r, feated on the river Sifek, 30 miles S of Muiifter. Wermeland, a fertile province of Sweden, in W Gothland, bounded on the N by Dalecarllu, on the E by Weftmania and Nericia, on the S by lakes Wenner and Dalia, and on the W by Norway. It is 100 miles in length, and 50 in breadth ; and IS delightfully « vcrlified by moun. tains, rocks, hills, dales, fluefls, and hkcs. Carldadt is the capital. Wekn, a town of Weftphalla, in the bifliopricof Miinfter, with a mo- nartcry, feated near the Lippc. Lon. 740 E, Iat. 51 35 N. Werra. See Weser. We r t h EI m, a town of Franconia, capital of a county of the fame name, It is feated at the confluence of the Turbur and Maine, 20 miles W of Wuitzburg, Lon. 9 SJ E, lati 49 46 N. WES Wer WICK, a town of Auftrlan F'anders, feated on the Lis, eight miles SE of Ypres. It was taken by the French in 0&. 1793. Wesel, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Cleves, with a ftrong citadel, near the confluence of the Rhine and the Lippe. It was taken by the French in 1759, but reftorcd to the king of Pruflla in 1762. It was formerly an imperial and hanfeatic town^ and is 25 miles SE of Cleves, and 45 N of Cologne. Lon. 6 37 E, Iat. 51 27 N. Wisets'burgh, a fortified town ofRuflia, in the government of Eft- honia, feated on the Wifs, 55 miles SE of Revel, and 55 NW of Narva. Lon. 25 48 £, Iat. 59 10 N. Weser, n confidtrable river of Germany, which rifes in the county ofHenneburg, beinp then called the Werra. I. paifes by Smalkald, crofl'es a corner of Thuringia, enters the du- chy of Brunfwlck, and receives the Fulde at Munden. It then affumes the name of Wefer, runs along the confines of the ci.cles of Weftphalia and Lower Saxony, waters Hamelin,. Minden, and Hoye ; receives the Aller, below Verden 5 and, pafling by Bremen, enters the German Ocean. Westbury, a bo;o.:gh of Wilt- fliire, with a confiderable market on Friday. It is 26 miles N W cf Saiif. bury, and 10 1 VV of Lf)ndon. Westerhamj a town cf Kent, with a market on Wcdnefday. It is the birthplace of bifli-p Haadly and ge- neral Wolfe : the laiter is interred in the church. It is feated on the Darcnt (which rifes from njne fpiings near this town) 14 miles NW of Tunbridge, and 22 SSE of London. Westeros, a town of Sweden, capital of Weftmani.i, with a bifiiop's fee, a citadel, and a famous collcgi-. It carries on a confiderable commevce with Stjckholm, acrofs lakcMaelerj particularly in copper and iron from the neighbouring mines. It contains the iuirs of an ancient royal palace. The cathedral, built of brick, is cele- brated fjr its tower, eftecmed the l.'ighcft in the kingdora. In this Ci* tice, and con ft WES tbedral is the tomb of the unfortunate Eric XIV. Wcfteros is feated op lake Maeler, 45 miles NW of Stockholm. Lon. J7 o E, lat. 59 38 N. Westerburg, a towaof Germa- ny, caftital of a lordfhip of the fame name, in Weteraviai between the elec- torate of Treves and the principality of Naflau. It has » caftle, and is 35 miles N of Mentz. Western Islands. See Azo- BKS anc^HeBRiDEs. Western TtRRiroRv, a coun- try in N America, comprehending all that part of the United States which lies NW of the Ohio. It is bounded on the W by-the Mifliffippi, on the N by the Lakes, on the E by Pennfyl- vania, and on the SE and S by the Ohio. It contiuns- 1 1,000 fquare miles, equal to 263,040,000 acres,, from which, if we deduft 43,040,000 for water, there will remain 120,000,000 Kres, belonging to the federal govern- ment, to be fold for the difcharge of the national debt. It is intended to be divided into feveral new dates, and is affirmed to be the mod healthy and fertile fpot on the American continent, that is yet known to Europeans. Westerwalo. See Wetera- TIA. Wester WICK, a feaport of Swe- den, in Smoland, feated on the Bal- tic, 50 miles N of Calmar, and 120 SW of Stockholm. Lon. 16 o E, lat. 57 40 N. Westmania, or Westman- LAND, a province of Sweden Proper, between Sudermania, Geftricia, Ntri- cia, and Upland. It is 75 miles in length, and 45 in brea.-lth, and abounds in copper and iron mines. The face of the country is diverlified like Wermeland. Wcfteros is the ca- pital. Westminster, acityof Middle- Ux, the refidence of the monarchs oF Great Britain, the feat of the par- liament and of the high courts of juf- tice, and conftituting, with London and Southwark, the metropolis of the Britilh empire. On the dlflb- lution of its abbey, in ^541, Henry 'Vflll, ercitcd it into a bjihopric, ap- WES: pointing the whole of Middlefejc (ruU ham excepted) for the diocefe. It had,, however, bnt one prelate. Dr. Thirl- bye 5 for Edward VI, foon after, dif- folved it. The abbey is now a colle« gtate church, the dean of which is al- ways bifliop of Rochefter. Weftmin- , fter fends two members to parliament. . In the city are Ivv-o parilh churches, St. Margaret's and St. John's j and- feven in the liberties, namely, St.. Clement Danes, St. Paul's Covent Garden, St. Mary -le- Strand, St.. Martin's in the Fields, St. Ann's So- ho, St. James', and St. George's^ Hanover fquare. The precinft of St,- Martin's-le-grand, l.. :ugh within the city of London, is under the jurii'dlt- tion ofWeftminfter. See London. Westmorland, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the N and NW by Cumberland, on the E and SE • by York/hire, and on the S and SW by Lancafliire. Its extent from NE toS, is 40 miles, and from E to W 42, It is generally divided into the baronies, of Kendal and Weftmorland j and cqn- tains eight market-towns and twenty-- fix-pariflies. It lies partly in the dio- cefe of Chefter, and partly in that of Carlifle. The earl of Thanet is here- ditary flieriff of ch3 county, which* fends only four members to parliament. The air is clear, fliarp, and falubiious j, the foil various j that on the moun-. tains being very barren, while that ia' the vallies is fertile in corn and grafs* This county yields the fineft fl ite, and abundance of excellent hams are cured here. Befide its riven;, it has fcveral, fine lakes, the principal of which is^ Winander Mere, or Windermere Wa-- ter. In the foreft of Murtind.ilcj to« the S of Ulls-water, the breed of red deer ftill exifts inawild ftate, Apple- by is the county town. Westmorland, a county of Pennfylvania, 50 miirs long and 40. broad. In 1790, it contained i6,oiS inhabitants. Grcenlburgh is the capita', West?halia, one of the circles of Germany, bounded on the E by the circle "f Lower Saxony, on the S by Hcffe, Weflcrwalde, and tha lUilne, on the W by the United Pro- WET viTices> and on the ^/ hy the Ceiman Ocean. The he ^> are large, and the hogs in high efleem, efpecially the hams» known by the name of Wcft- phalia hams. The principal rivers are the Wefer, Embs, Lippe, and Roer. It contains the fovcreign biHioprics of Ofnaburg, Munfler, and Paderborn : the principality of'Minden, the coun- ties of Ravenfbcrg, Teclclenburg, Rlt- burgi Lippe, Lemgow, Spigelburg, Schawenburg, Hoye, Dicphol , Del- menhorrt, Oldenburg, Embdcn, or Eaft Friefland, Bjntheini, and Lingen. Thefe are to the N of the Lippe. To the S of it are the abbies of Eil'en and Verden, the town of Dortmund, the counties of Marck and Hcmburg, and the duchies of Weftphalia, Berg, aud Cleves. Munfter is the mod conside- rable city in this circle. Westphalia, the duchy of, in the circle of Wertphalia, bounded cm the N by the bilfaoprics of Munfter and Orhaburg and ths county of Lippe, on the W by that of Marck, on the S by the territories of NafTau, and on the E by the counties of Witgenltein, Hartzfeld, Waldeck, and the landgra- vate of Heffe. It is 40 miles in length and 15 in breadth; is a mcAin ainous countiy, full of wood, but m:)derately tVrtiie; and is fi>bj.^ft to tl-.c cleftorof Cologne. Arenfterg is the capital. Westrogothia. See Goth- lAND. . .' Weteravia, a province of G?r- iftany, in the circle of the Up^jcr Rhine, having the pa!atir.a!e (f the Rhine on the W, and Hcfle and Fulde on the F. It is divided in'o two parts by the Laim j one called Weteravia Proper, and the other N Weteravia, or Wefterwald. Wetherby, a town in the W riding of Vorkfhiie, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated on the Wharf, 14 miles W of York,, arni 377 N by W of London. Wetkersfif.ld, a town of N America, in the ftate of Connediciit. It is noted f jr raifing onioni?, and is fo^r miles S cf ILirtford. Wetter, a lake of Sweden, in CoihLiP)(1, SE uf l..ke Wcnnc r. It is WEY 80 miles from N to S, and 2 5 from E to W. Wettingfn, a town of Swifler- land, on the Limmat, one mile S of Baden. Its wooden bridge is a beau- tiful piece of mechanifm, 140 feet long, and Tufpcnded lo feet above ti.e furface of the witer. It is the laft work of Griibenman, the ftlf-taught architcft, and is far more elegant thar, his bridge at Schaffhaufen. Wetzlar, a free imperial tovva 01 Germany, in Weteravia. The in- habitants are proteftants, and have a council of 24 members. In 1693, the in\pcrial chamber was transferred hither from Spire, on account of the wars which ravaged the palatin-Jte. It is feateJ nt the conflue;ice of the Lahn, Diffe, and DHlen, five miles S 01 Solms, i>:id 7S N by E of Spire. Lon. 8 3* E, lat. 50 26 N. Wex/ord, a feriiie county of Ireland, in the province of Munlbr, 38 miles in !i n^th, and 24in breadth; bounded on the N by Wicklow, on the E by St. George's Channel, on the S by the Atlantic on the W by Waterford a'lJ Kiikenr , and on the NW by Catherlough. it contains io9parilhes, and fer^.ds 18 mcirbcrs to pailiament. Wexford, a large feaport of Ire- lanJ, capital of a co;.nty of the fane name. It w:is once reckon, d t!ie thief city in Ireland, being the fi.ft col'.ny of the L'n^lifh. It is feated .it the mouiii of the Sl^na, on a bay of St. GecKr-'s Channtl, 63 r^.iles S i-f Dubli-. " L')o. 6 3 W, lut. 52 18 M. Wexio, a f.-aport of Sw'.dei', in Sm;)la;:d, fe-itoJ on a lake, \\\i.\\ contains a group of woody Iflajiiis. Though a bifhop's fee, it is very fma I. Ic is 50 miles W of Calmar, aid 155 SW of Stockholm. Lon. 14 57 li, hit. 56 41 N. Wev, a river of Siiiry, which rilVs in Hamprtiire, vatcrs Guilford, .r.vi uijtfrs the Thaiiiijs at Weybrid^e. WiiYBRiDiiE, a village of Surry, feated on the Wty, at its cntr-^nc: int) ihe Thames. It ' (hire, incorporated with that of Mel- comb Regis, but a diiiVmA boroughs U is feated on the W fide of an inlet of the fea t but its port is injured by the land. It is reforted to by perfons of ail ranks, for the purpofe of fea- bathing ) an*! their majcftics and the toynl limWy have often honoured it wi(h their relidence for many weeki> A few plain and ftriped cottons are uisde here. Weytnouth Ii 130 mile* WSW of London* See Mslcomb- Rioii. Wmxdak* a kingdom of Afrka» on the Slave Coaft jf Ouitieai extending 10 miles along the Ailantic« and fi- tuate under 6 S9 N lat. All the Europeans who have besn in this coun- try extol it as the moft beautiful in the world. The trees are ftraight, tall, and difpofed in the mod regular order, prcfenting to the eye fi le long groves and avenues, clear of all brufhwood and weeds. The verdure of the mea- dows; the richnefs of the fields, cloth- ed mlh three diderent kinds of corn, and with beans, roots, and fruits; and the multitude of houfes, with a i^ieam murmuring down the declivity to the fea ; form the mod delightful profpe£t that fancy can conceive. Here fpring and autumn reign perpe- tually in alternate fucceflion, for no fooner has the hufbandman cut his corn, than he again ploughs and fows, and the next crop is as vigorous as the former. Notwithdanding its fmall ex- tent, this kingdom is divided into 26 provinces ; and It is fo populous, that one Tingle village contains as many in- habitants as fome entire kingdoms on the coad of Guinea. The people, in their manners, have been compared to the Chinefti : the fame perfevering Indudry, ceremonious civility, jealoiM adedion for their women, and thievi/h inclinations in trade, prevail in both countries. The vomen till the land for their huA>ands, unlsfs they happen to be very beautiful ; in which cafe they are maintained at home, with all the pomp of eadern nations, but witb the lofs of liberty alfo, being never per- mitted to dir abroad, nor to receive vifi- tors ; and, on the lead fufpicion, they are fold by their hudiands to the Euro- peans. The Whidanefe have no dif- tindlion of hours, days, weeks, or dated periods ; and yet, without pen« ink, or the adidance of artificial arith- metic, they calculate any thing with ?;reataccuracy. They are faid to have a aint idea of a Supreme Being, to whom they attribute omnipotence and ubi- quity, whom they confider as the Crea- tor of the univerfe, and to whom, is confequence, they foppoft their feti- ches are inferior. He ii, they i»yf too highly exalted to have any con- cern about hit creatures ; and the go- vernment of the world be leave* to the fetiches, to whom, therefore, they apply, as the mediators between God and them. Thefe fetiches are divided into three clades, the fnake, tall trees, and the fea ; and fometimes they add a fourth, namely, the chief river o£ the kingdom, the Euphrates. The deified fnakes are about a yard long, amazingly tame and familiar} being fed and even fondled by the negroes ; no infult or injury can be ofiered to them by a native, under pain of death { and, were even an European to adVont them, he would run great hazards* The chief manufadlures of Whidah are cloths, umbrellas, baikets, pitchers for pito or beer, plates and dilhes of wock), gourds finely ornamented, white and blue paper, &c. In 17x7, the king of Dahomay reduced this coun- ti to the date of a dependent pro- vince. Xavler, or Sabi, is the capital. Whitby, a confiderable commer- cial feaport in the N riding of York- ihire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated near the mouth of the Efk, and the harbour (which is the bed oa this coad) has a fine fier. S^vertf ..aj«aam^iA.-kyij.:.v? A,i,'H ji^i.'. kj> ;.:."i.''t'-.' ■'. t. . i- ;.*',: \'- WHI Aips arc fcnt hence to the Greenland filhery. Whitby is the birthplace of thit grrat circunrnavlgator, captain Ccok. In i7A7i a dreadful accident. happened here, on the 24th of De- cember, at midnight; A ftron^j; rew- bullt quay, running parallel to a high cliff*, and rupporting a pik- of building, 80 feet above the m^igin of the fea, unable to fuftain the preflure of tht earth above, menacid approaching dan- ger. The people had hardly time to efcape with tlieir clothes, before it bowed, and fell with a ihundering crafii) followed by large niafles of ea'-th, int-rmixed with flones from three to fix tons weight. The fcene exhibited in the morning was dreadful beyond defc.iption.— On the high clifF, 30 yards from its exiremity, flood the remains of the mafTy church of an abbey, founded l,.rco years ago. This venerable ftrufture spr -ared iri Jmmkent danger, the ground being x>bferved to fink, at the diftance of ten yards from its tower. It ftoo III W of London, WtDFoRD, a village near Hodf'ef- don, in Hertf iidihire. In this parifliy on a hill to the W of the river Lei, are two barrows, fuppofed to have been memory vients ptcfcribed by the provincial Ju- dicature are in(li£lcd } but whenever a ciim^nal is condemned cJ death, thj RuTian laws interpofe, and rcpiicving him from the fenlence of beheading or hanging, as (.fljoincd by the Swedifli code, confign him to the knoot and tranfpurtativtn to Siberia. The pea- fants talk only tht- Finnish dialcdl } but thrown up by the Dany, in the iniiabitantsof the towns underftand of fome battle. Swcdifh alfo, and many of them Ger- Wiid, a fmall principality of Ger- man. Luiheranifm is the cflabliHicd rfiany, in the ciicleoftheUj-|ierRhine» religion \ but the Greek, worfliip has The capital is Neuwied. been introduced by the Ruflians. Wieiun, a town of Great PoLind, VViBURGH, a commercial feaport of in the palatinate of Siradia, fcated on RufTia, capital of the government of a river which falls into tlie Warta, 20 the fame nam::, with a bifhop's fee, a miles S of Siradia. ftrong citadel, and 9000 inhabitants. WitLiTSKA, a village of Polanify It is feated on the N fide of the gulf nowcomprifed in the Auftrian king- of Finland, 150 miles KE of Riga, dom of Lodomeria. It is celebrated Lon. 19 10 £, lat. 60 56 M. for its fa1t-m)nc«, which lie eight WiBUKGH, • confiderable tovn of nilei SB of Cracow. In thefe hex* Denmark, in N Jutland, with a bt> hauftible m'mes, are feveralfmall cha- ihop*s fee. It is the feat of the chief pels excavated in the fait, in which court of jufticc in the province. In mafs ia faid on certain days of the year* 1716, a dreadful fire burnt the cathe- One of thefe chapels is 30 feet long dral, a church, the townhoufe, and the and 25 broad ; the altar, crucifix, or- bifliop*a palace} but they have all been naments, and ftatues, all carved out of magnificently rebuilt. It is feated on the fait. Thefe mines are of a moft a lake, in a peninfula, 95 miles N of Slcfwick, and 110 NW of Co- penhagen. Lon. 9 50 £, lat. 56 ao N. Wick, a borough and feaport of Caithnefsdtire, feated on the BritiOi Ocean, S of Nofe Head. Lon. 3 a W, lat. 58 30 N ftupendous extent and depth, atid per- feftly dry. There is, however, one fmall fpring of water, which is im- pregnated with fait, as it runs through the mine. They have been worked above 600 years. Before the parti- tion of Poland, in 1772, they furnifli- ed a confiderable part of the revenue WicKLow, a county of Ireland, of the king, who drew from them an in the province of Leinfterj bounded average profit of 97,222!. 4s, 6d« on the N by Dublin, on the E by the fterling. Iri/h Sea, on the S by Wexford, and Wig an, a borough of Lancalhire, on the W by Catherlough and Kildare, with a market on Monday and Friday, which latter county bounds it alfo on Here the ftrongeft checks are made, the NW. It is 33 miles in length, and other articles of linen and cotton. 20 in breadth, and indifferently fruit- That elegant fpecies of coal, called ful. It contains 54 pariflies, and fends cannel, is found in great perfefVion in 10 members to paHiament. its neighbourhood. The river Doug- WiCKLOw, the capital of a county las is made navigable hence to the of the fame name, in Irel.ind. It is Ribble j and it is joined by a canal from Liverpool.- Wigan is 30 miles S of Lancafter, and 196 NNW of London. Wight, an ifland on the S coa(l Lon, 6 7 W, iat. 52 55 of Hamplhlre, from which it is I'epa- raced by a narrow channel. It is aX feated on the Irifli Sea, with a narrow harbour, at the mouth of the Lei- trim, over which ftands a rock, fur- rounded by a ftrong wall, 24. miles S of Dublin. N, ■,\iJi^...0i. W I L ° n>lei in length, and 13 in breadth. The varirty ot profpefts which this if- iand affoids, its intld air, its downs (which fed a gnat number of fine- fleeced fheep) and the ntac manner in which the fields are laid out, render it ■ very dellghtFal Ipot. It h devoted nlmofi: folcly to hufbuKtry, and is one of the principal rclources of the Lon- don market lOr unma'ucd bail.y. A- .mong its prod u As are a pure white pipe clay, and a fine white cryrtal- line fand j of the latter great quanti- ties aa exported for the ufc of tlie glafs-works in various parts. lis prin- cipal town is Newport. WiGHTON, a town in the E rid- ing of Yorkftirc, wiih a m<)rket on Wcdnefday. It is fejted at the fource of the Skelfler, 16 mile* S£ of York, and 1 9a N by W of London. WiOTON, a town la Cumberland, Viich a market on Tuefday. It ii la miles SW of Carlifle, and 304 NNW o( London. Wig TON, a borough and feaport, the county-town of Wigtonjhire, n> tuate on a hill, which overlooks the b,iy of Wigton. On the S fide of the town are the vcftiges of an ancient caAle } and to the N£ is a great ^orafs called the mofs of Cree. It is 95 miles SW of Edinburgh. Lon. 4 43 W, lat. 55 o'N. WioTONSHiBE, a county of Scot- land, fometiraes called Upper, or West Galloway. It is bounded on tlie N by Ayrlhire, on the E by Kirfciudbrightfliire, and on the S and W by the h'llh Sea. Its giepteft ex- tent, in any dire^ion, is 30 miles. The N part, called the Moors, is naked and mountainous. Great num- bers of /beep and black-cattle are raif- ed here ; and a fmall breed of horfes IS peculiar to this county : they are called galloways, zni are very ftrong and gentle. W1HIT8CH, a frontier ■ town of Bofnia, feated on a lake formed by the liver Unna, 40 miles S£ of Carhladt. WiLDESHuszN, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of Weftphalia, capital of a bailiwic. It is feated on the fiundej. is united (0 the duchy of Bre- ■ WIL men, and is iS miles SW of Biemeit. Lon. 8 27 £, lat. 52 5^ N. WiLKciBOROUGH, the CCUDiy. town of Luserne, in Hcnnfylv. 5681 between Ceaulin, king of the Weft Saxons, and Ethelbert, king of Kent, in which the latter was defeated. On the fame common, near the village, ii a well, the water of which is never known to freeze. At Wiinbledon are copper mills, a manufaflory for print* ing calicoes, and another of japan ware. W1MP6KN, a free imperial town of Sujbia, feated on the N|i(kar, eight miles N of Hatlbron, vid tt £ of Heidelberg. WiNBORN MlNSTIB, • town of Dorfetlhire, with a market on Friday, It had a monaftery, in which were interred the Wed Saxon kings EtheU dred and Sigeforth, and queen EltheU burgn. It is the largeft pari(h in the county \ and its noble church, called the Minder, is built catherirj^vifpy and was formeily collegiate. Itiffeat* ed between the Stour and the Allen, fix miles N of Poole, and loa SW of London. WxNCAUNTON, a town of Somcf- fctihire, with a market on Wednefii day. It is feated on the fide of a hill, 24 miles S of Bath, and 108 W by S of London. WiKCMcoMB, a large town In Glouceflerihire, with a market on Sa« turday. It was formerly noted for its abbey, whofe mitred abot fat in par- liamant. It is 16 mile. N£ of Clou- cefter, and 93 WNW of London* H WIN WiNCHitSEA, a town in Suffex, en« of the cinque ports. It was built in the reign of Edward I, when a more ancient town of the fame name, which had i8 churches, and was dif- tant three miles, was fwaliowed up by the fea, in a terrible tempelK The new town being facked by the French and Spaniards, and deferted by the fea, the moft extcnfive lake in England, lying between Wcft- mor'and and Lancafhire. It is 10 miles in length from N to S, but in no part broader than a mile. It exhi- bits a greater variety of fine landfcapes than any lake in England. It is fa- mous for its fine char, and abounds with trout, perch, pike, and eel. It has a communication on the W with Efthwaitc Water; and its principil feeders are the rivers Rothay and Brathay. This lake is frequently in- terfefted by promontories, and fpottfd with ifjands. Among thefe, the Hiilme, or Great Ifland, an oblong tradt of 30 acres, erodes the lake in an oblique line, furrounded by a num- ber of inferior iflcs, finely wooded. Not one bulrufli, or fwampy reed, cefilcs the margin of this lake. Wi.^nisMARK, a territory of Ger- many, forming the E part of Carniola. Metling is the capita!. WiNDLiNGEN, a town of Suabla, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the Ncckar, 12 m'ies form Stut- gnrd. Windsor, a town of Vermont, )i\ the county of Windfor, where the ani?rnbly commonly holds its Icifion, although Bennington is the principal town. It is feated on the river Con- netTiCDt, 95} miles NE of Bennington. WiNDSoa, New, a large borough 4 WIN WIN ofBetkfhirc, fertcd on an eminence, foundations in this caftle are, the or- on the Thames, with a market on Sa- der of the garter, inftituted in 13499 turday. It is celebrated for its magni> and conflfling of the fovereign, and 25 ficent caftle, built originally by Wil- knights, exclufive of the princes of the liam I. It was enlarged by Henry I, blood royal ; and the royal college of St. Geot^e, confifting of a dean, iz canons, foren minor canons, and iS poor knightst Oppofite the S£ fide of the caftle, is a modern-built man- fion, called the Queen's Lodge, which is the royal refidence in fummer ; and below this is the Lower Lodge, for the accommodation of the younger branches of the royal family. Adjoin* ing the Queen's Lodge is the Little Park, whicE extends round the N and £ (ides of the caftle, and forms a beau- tiful lawn, four miles in circumfe- rence, and on the S fide of the town is the Great Park. Windfor is i% miles \V of London. Lon. o 36 W, lat. 51 30 N. Windsor Forest, an extenfive foreft in the £ part of Berkfliire, 30 and was the refidence of our fucceed ing monarchs, till Edward III (who WHS born in it) caufed the ancient building to be taken down, and erect- ed the prefent ftrudlure and St. George's chapel, and inftituted the or- der of the garter. Great additions were made to it, by Edward IV, Hen- ry VII, Henry VJII, and £iifabeth. Chailiis II reftored the caftle to its priftinc fplcndour ; he enlarged the windows, and made them regular; furnhhed the royal apartments with paintings, enlarged the terrace walk, made by queen Elifabeth on the N fide of the caftle, and carried another terrace round the £ and S fides. His prefent majefty has alfo made very fine improvements in it. This caftle is feated on a high hill, which rifes by a miles in circumference. It contains gentle afcent. On the declivity of this hill is the fine terrace, faced with a rampart of freeftone, 1870 feet in length. It is one of the nobleft walks ill Europe, with refpeooo inhabitants. Lieut. ' Hergeft, commander of the Da*dalus ftorefhip, who had been fent from England, in 179 1, to New S Wales, and thence to'the Pacific Ocean, with a fupply of provifions for the Difcover/ floop, capt. Vancouver, then On a voyage of difcoveryj was here furpri- fed and murdered by the natives, to- gether with Mr. Gooch, the aftrono- mer. Lon. 157 51 W, lat. 21 43 WoBURN, a town in Bedfordfliirct with a market on Friday. It is feated on a riling ground, and was formerly famous for its abbey, which now be- longs to the duke of Bedford, and it his country feat. Woburn was burnt down in 1724, but has (ince been neatly rebuilt, with a handfome mar- ket-place. Near it is found great plenty of fuller's earth. It is 12 miles S of B:dford, and 42 NNW of Lon- don. WoDNA-^, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Prach, feated on the Fiariitz, 12 miles NW of Budweis, and 56 S of Prague. WoKEY, or Okey, a village of Somerret(hire, on the Sfideof the Men- dip Hills, and two miles W of Wei!?, Here is a .famous cavern, called Wo- key Hole, the mouth of which is i j; or 20 feet high, refembling the infide of a cathedral j the roof compofed of pen- dant rocks, whence a clear -water, of a petrifying quality, continually drops. Fkjm this grotto a narrow paffage defcends to another of lefs height } and beyond a fecond narrow pafTage is a third grotto. Woking, a village in Surry, ia the manorhoufe of which died Mar- Dd f h* A V, WOL f aret countefs of Richmond, mother of Henry VII. TheflielJ of the guard- room ftill remains^ It is 24 miles SW of London. * WoKINGHANt SeeOxiNGHAM. "WoLAWy a town of Silefia, capital of a duchy of the fame nane. The greateft part of the inhabitants are em- ployed ill a woollen manufaAory. It is feated near the Oder, 20 miles NW of Breflaw, and 3a S£ of Glogaw. Lon. 1654'E, lat. 51 18 N. WOXFENBUTTLE, One of the ftrongeft towns of Germany, in the duchy of Brunfwickt with a caftle, where the dulce of Brunfwick- Wol- fe nbuttle refides. It is feated oit the Oc'cer, feven miles S of Biutifwick, and 30 W of Halbetftadt. Loh, 10 42 £, lac. 52 i^ N. WoLFERDiKE, an ifland of the United Provinces, in Zealand, between N Beveland and S Beveland. ' WotrsPERC, a town of Germany, in Lower Carituhia, with a caftle, on which the diftri£l about it depends, which is 'j,o miles in length, and 10 in breadth. It is feafed on th«Lavand, 9t the foot of a mountain covered with wood, and full of wolves, whence the town took its name. Jt is 36 miles £ of Clagenfurt. Lon. 15 10 r<, Ijt. 46 56 N. WoLGAST, a con fiderable town in Swediih Pomerania, capital of a lerri ■ tdry of the fame name, with a caille, and oiit ol the beA hatbours on the Baltic. It is feated on the PHn, 12 miles S£ of Gripfwald and 25 of jStralfund. Lon. 14 4 £, lat. 54 i N. WoLKOsKOii a town of RuHia, in {the government of Novogorod, 100 miles SE of Novogorod. Lon. 3^4 ao E, Ut. 57 30 N. WoLxowsKA, a town of Lithu- ania, in the palatinate of Novogrodeck, {feated on the river Ros, 23 miles S^ of Grodno. WoLLER, a town in Nortbumber- Jand, with a confiderable market on Thurfday for corn. It is iieated on the fide of a hill, r4 miles S of Berwick, and- 3 18 N by W of London. lYof-LlN) a ftapoit of Ptuffian Po. WOO merania, the capital of" an ifland of the fame name, in the mouth of the Oder, JO miles W of Cammin. Lon. 14 39 £, lat. 54 4 N. WoLMAR, a town of Ruflia, in the government of Livonia, feated on the Aa, 38 miles N of Riga. Lon. 24 25 £, lat. 57 32 N. WoLSiNGHAM, a town in the county of Durham, 16 miles SW of Durham, and 2 59 N W of London. Wolverhampton, adouri/hing town in Stafford ihite, with a good mar> ket on Wednefday, It has an ancient collegiate chutch annexed to thedeanry of WIndfor, artd a handfome chapel. It is noted for its iron manufadlones, confining of locks, hinges, buckles, corkscrews, and j a borough in Oxford, fhire, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on a lifing g-ound,on a rivu- let, and is chiefly nutei for Blenheim- Houfe, built in memory of the vidoiy of Blenheim, in 1704. In Blenheim Park, originally flood a royal palace, the favourite xctj9-z'c 0: fcvera! kiiigsof England, titi the reign of Charles I, when it was ilmoA wholly in ruins. After the building of Blenheim, every trace of the ancient edifice was re moved, and two elms were planted tii| its fite. King Ethelred hcic* a parlii' ment at Woodftock Palact ; and there] Alfred the "Great trar-TtAtc^ BoetiusJii Confolatione beautified tht Rofiimond, i Whom that p *rived a labyi maptic retrea tht fprjng th^ Bienheim Pa *Uh th« palaj prife from the Ednopnd, feco wasbarnatthii Edmund of Wi ward, ddeft fo *nonIjr known Black Prince. born, lived, ai The prit^efs here by her fil has a manufadi and of fteel wa miles NW of ( of London. WootPiT.i pofed to-be the j noted for makinj It is eight mile mund's, and y^ Woolwich, a market on Fri( the Thames, an its fine naval do( vaft magaiines bombs, halls, an< It has likewife young r>fficer8 a ilitaiy art. ' Jred off this n of convids. the Effex fide 16 included in Ke E of Lond'Mi. 30 N. WORCESTI* Woicefter, in th Itts, 47 miles W ^ Worcester '^•'•e» capital of ti tJins niuc parift Mthedral, ar:d Sr, tbe liberties of th/ a c;»r;lidcral)!c trad (i woi.la-i) (iufji ^ 'k!:wifeaBianu/a< mp- WereCior and of the the Oder, ,on. 1439 EluflTia, in , feated on ga* Lon. 'n in the iles SW of London. I flourlftiing ! a good mar- } an ancient othedeanty ime chapel, nufai^ones, », buckles, wave. It is S of Staf- idon. )ort in Suf- Wednefday, lalt, and is dy hill, fevei 76 of Lon. 52 1 1 Ni : in Eflex,fi- eight miles Lineral ffting nv to a houle called Woodr Iter has lo'g le houle is a \'y oding, . forert of i London, gh in Oxford. Tuefday. It nd,on arivu- for Blenheim- of the vidbiy 111 Blenheim royal pila«i evera! kingsof of Charles I| io\ly in ruini. enheim,evtry difice was tc itte planted on - hclc* a parlia- ict •; 'and then Ltc^'BoetiusJt WOR Confolatione Philofbphiv. Heni^ I beautified the palwr ; and hete tedded Roiimiondy miftrels of Henry II» for ithom that prince is faid to have con- trived a lahyrintb, by which her ro- mantic retreat (placed by traditien near the fpring that ftiil bears her name in fiJenheim Park) might conununicate wilb the palace, and prevent any fur- prife from the jealoufy of his queen. Edn)pnd> fecond fon of Edward I, who was born at this palace, was hence called Edmund of Woodftock ; as well as Ed- ward, eldeft fon of Edward III, com- monly known by the name of the Black Prince. Chaucer, the poeCi was born, lived, and died, at Woodftock. The prit^^efs Elifabeth was confined here by her fitter Mary. Woodftock has a manufa^ory of eycdlent gloves, and of fteel watch chuns. It is eight miles NW of Oxford, and 6» WNW of London. Woo(.FiT , a town in Suffolk, fup- po&d to'be the ancient Sitomagu>, and noted for making the beft white bricks. It is ei^ht miles £ of Bury St< Ed- mund's, and 75 NE of London. Woolwich, a town in Kent, with a market on Friday. I<: is feated on the Thf^mes, and is of great note for its tine naval docks and yards, and its 'vaft magazines of great guns, mortars, bombs, halls, and other wavlike Ames. It hfls like wife an academy, where voung r»fficers are inftru^J in' the irita\7 art. Two or three hulks are jred off this town, for the recep- n of convidJs. Part of this parifli is chc E(rex fide of the Thames, ai«d lb included in Kent. It is ten miles E ofLondvo. Lon. o io £, lat. 51 30 N. WaRCESTiji, the county. town of Woicefter, in the ftateof MafTachu- Itts, 47 miles W of Bofton. \Vo(icE8TER» a cityo/Worceftcr- l^ftire, capital of that -county. It /"on- tains nine piifti ciiuichcs, belide tlie cathedral, and Sr. Michael's, without tbe liberties of the city, it carries on a ctttilidctalilc trad£ in the manuta^ure (»' woiilifii liuiiiand gloves, and has Lkswlfe a oianuiadoryof (.'Ugant china I ^iii* Here Ciomwcll^ b) .4 ^ j >f ob> won UAned a viAory over Chatles II, who efcaped with greatdifficulty intoFrancs. Worceiler has three markets, on Wed* nefday, Friday, and Saturday, and fends two members to parliament. It it feated on a gentle afcent, on the Se. vern, 36 miles NN£ of Btiftol, and 118 WNW of London. Lon. a a W, lat. 51 9 N. , WoRc£8TER8HiRx, a county of E gland, bounded on t^ N by Shrop. (hire and Staffordfliire, on the E by Warwickfliire, on the W by Heie- fordlhire, and on the SB and S bf Gloucefterfijire ; 'extending 30 milev from N to S, and ao from E to W. It is divided into feven hund ds, and contains one city, ten mackt^t-towns^ and 152 pariflirs. It is in tbe diwcef^ ofWorcefter, and fends nine mtm- bers to parliament. The air is very healthy, and the foil in the vales and meadows very rich. The hills feed large flocks of Iheep.. This county had formerly two large fotefts, but the iron and fait- works have, in a manner, deftroyed thcmj and therefore thufe works are now chiefly carried on with coal. Its chief commodities are coal, corn, liops, clolh, cheefe, cider, per- ry, and lalt. WoRcuM, a town of Dutch Bra^ bant,' feated on the S fide of the Maefe, jilft below its jundion with the Wahai, eight miles NNW of Heufden, and zz E of Rotterdam. Lon 4 5a £, lat. 51 5a N. WoRCUM, a feaport of the United Provinces, in Fr'eflind, ftated on the Zuider-Zee, 18 miles SW of Lcwar- d 41 \- V'RA Worksop, a town of Nottingham' Aire, with a market on Wednefday. It ii noted for a magnificent feat "f the duke of Norfolk. Here was once an a^bey, the gate of which <— ~-»ins, and the rooiTi over it is converted iu*o a Cchool. Quantities of licorice are grown Jul its vicinity, which is alfo peculiarly rcxiarkable for the number of noble- rnen's feats. The canal from the Trent to Cheftetfieid pafl'es near this place. It is 24 miles N of Notting- ham, and 146 N by W of Loii- don. Worms, an ancient imperial city of Cermany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, with a bi (hop's fee, whofe bi- ihop is a prince of the empire. In the war of 1689, it was taken by the French, who almuft reduced it to afhes i and it was again taken by them in I794> It is famous for a diet held here, in 1521, at which Luther af- iifted in perfon. The proteftants have a ichurch here, where Luther is repre- fented as appearing at the diet. Wormis is noted for m\ excellent wine, called oar Lady's Milk. It is feated on the Wbank of the Rhine, 20 miles NW of Heidelberg, ao S£ of Mentz, and 32 SW of Ftancfort. Lon. 8 29 £, lat. 49 32 N. Worsted, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Saturday. It i^ noted for being the place where wor- fteds we)C firft made^ and is 12 miles N of Norwich, and 120 NE of Lon- don. Wotton-Basset, a borough ift Wiltfljire, with a market on Friday. It is 30 miles N of Salifbury, and 89 W of London. Wotton-ondir-Edge, a corpo- rate town in Gloucefterihire, with a market on Friday. It is inhabited by clothiers, and is ?o miles NE of Brif- tol, and 108 WNW of London. Wrath, Cape, a,vaft promontory of Sutherlandfliiic, which forms the NW point of Britain. Wraysbury, a village of Bucks, an the Thames, oppofitcEgham. An ifland In the river, and in this parifli, is ftiU called Charter Ifland ; for in this iflind, it U faid, the Great Char- WUR ter was figned by king J( hn, akhough his coi.fent was extorted in Runny Mead. Wrekin, a mountain of StaflTord- fliire, one mile E of Wroxeter. Wrexham, a town in Denbigh. Hiire, with two markets, on Monday and Tl.'rfday. It is the moft popu- lous town in the county, is of Saxon origin, and retains the language and appearance of an Englifli town. It hat ar ancient Gothic church, the lofty fteeple of which is the boaft of this part of the country. Near Wrexham is a large foundry for cannon and other articles. It is feated on a river, 28 miles NNW of Shrewsbury, and iSS NW of London. Lon. 3 10 W, kt, 53 2 N. Wrinton, a town in Somerfet- fliire, with a market on Tuefday. It is the birthplace of Mr. Locke, and is feated among the Mendip Hills, nine miles N of Wells, and 125 W of London . See L a v e r , Wrotham, a town in Kent, with a market on Tuefday. It has a church, in which are 16 ftalls, fuppofed to have been made for the clergy, attend- ing the archbi/hops of Canterbury, who had formerly a palace here. It is 11 miles NW of Maidftone, and 24 SE of London. Wroxeter, a town in Shropfljire, five miles SE of Shrewfliury. It is faid to h^ve been built by the Britons, on the banks of the Severn, over which are the traces of a bridge, difcernible at low water. It was environed by a "Wall three miles in circumference, and three yards broad, with a deep trench on the outfide, which may be traced in feveral places. Roman coins are frequently found here. Wurt2bvro, a large fortified city of Germany, one of the principal ill Franconia, with a magnificent pa- lace, a univerfity, an arfenal, and a handfome hofpital. The caftle Hands on an eminence, and communicates with the city by a ftone bridge Wurtzburg is feated on the Main?, 40 miles SW of Bamberg, and joo NW of Vienna. Lon. 10 13 EJid 49 46, N. Wurtzb many, comj part of Fran length, and produces mot inhabitants cc Wyck, Limburg, fea fite MaeftricI municates by Wyck-b- cient town of Utrecht, witl the place whe from the Rl Utrecht. Wycomb, Wycomb, i Buckingham^ on Friday, fai efl in this pari a Roman teH'e covered in an town is feated Sof Aileiburj Wycomb, Bucks, two mi comb, noted : the late Fram who, at his fo pari/h church, the fite of the Wye, a tov ket on Thurfd Stourd, 10 mi 56 SE of Lon( Wye, a ri ifluing out of I between Radn /hire, crofies viding the cou Monmouth, f, the Severn be Wye, a liv rifes above Bu Dcrwent, belo Wye, a po land, in a terri Gallen, with ; an eminence, ftancc, Wymondj town of Norf Friday. The tery high, an WYM XAV lan coins are Wt7ETZBu«G, abifliopricof Ger- the rebel, in the reign of Edward VI* many, comprehending the principal It is nine miles SW ot Norwich) and part of Franconia. It is 65 miles in 100 N£ of London. lengthy and 50 in breadth. ' The foil produces more corn and wine than the inhabitants confume. Wyck, a fortified town of Dutch Limburg, feated on the Maefe, oppo- fite Maeftricht, with which it com- municates by a bridge. WYCK-BY-DuiRSTini, an an- cient town of the United Provinces, in Utrecht, with a (Irong caftie, feated at the place where the Leek branches off from the Rhine, 15 miles SE of Utrecht. Wycomb, Chipping, or High Wycomb, a populous borough of Buckinghamshire, with a corn market on Friday, faid to be one of the gre?.t- eft in this part of England. In 1744, a Roman tcHelateJ pavement was dif- covered in an adjacent meadow. This town is feated 0:1 the Wyck, la miles S of AileHjury and 31 W of London. Wycomb, Wist, a village of Bucks, two miles W of Chipping Wy- comb, noted for the beautiful villa of the late Francis lord Le Defpencer, Wynendals, a town of Auftrian Flanders, where general Webb, in 1708, with 6000 men only, defeated 2/ 300 French. It is eight miles LWE of Dixmude. Wybe, a river of which enters the hi(h Poulton. X Lancafhlre^ Sea below VACCA, or Sacca, a feapoit on the S coaft of Sicily, with an old c?ftle. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, 20 miles SE of Mazara, and 41 SW of Palermo. Lon. 13 a E, ht, 37 41 N. Xagua, a feaport of the W In- dies, on the S coaft of Cuba. Xalisco, a town f New Spain, in the province of Guadalajara i*ropi:r, feated on vhe Pacific Ocean, 400 miles W of Mexico. Lon. no 5 W, lat. 22 30 N. Xativa, formerly a flouriihlng town of Spain, in Valencia. Having who, at his folecxpence, eredied the taken the part of Charles III, in 1707^ pari/h chvrch, on a lofty eminence, on Philip V ordered it to be demoliflied, the file of the old church. and, inftead of it, a new townto be Wy e, a town in Kent, with a mar- built, called St. Philip. It is feated on ket on Thurfday, It is feated on the the fide of a hill, at the foot of which Stourd, 10 miles S of Canterbury, and runs the Xucar, 32 miles SW of Va- 56 SE of London. lencia. Wy«, a river ofS Wales, which XAVii», or Sabi, the capital of iffuing out of Piynlimmon Hill, flows the kingdom of Whidah, on the Slave between Radnorlhire and Brecknock- Coaft of Guinea. It is noted for its (hire, crofies Herefordfliire, and di- great market, which is held at the dif- viding the counties of Gloucefter and tance of a mile from the walls. The Monmouth, falls into the mouth of market-place is furrounded by futtlers* the Severn below Chepftow. booths, which are only permitted to Wyi, a liver in DerbyHiire, which fell certain forts of meat, as beef, pork, rifes above Buxton, and falls into the and the He(h of goats and dogs. Here Dcrwent, below Bakewell. flaves of both fexes are bought and Wyi, a populous town of Swifler- fold, as well as oxen, iheep, dogs, land, in a territory of the abbey of St. hogs, fi(h, and birds. Here are to be Gallen, with a palace. It is built on found various commodities of Wbidau an eminence, 16 miles SSW pf Con- manufacture, and every thing of £u. ftance. ropean, AfiaHc, or African produc- Wymondham, or Windi-am, a tion. Xavier is feated one mile from town of Norfolk, with a market on the river Euphrates. Friday. The fteeple of the church is Xavier, a town of Spain, in Na- tery high, and on it was hung Ket, varre, noted as the birthplace of the D d 3 Mlcbrated RomUh iaint and miAMvtfjr of tbkt amie. It is 35 miles S£<» Pampeiuna. Xatisr, St. atownofS America, ill the province of La Plata, soo miles W of kio Janeiro. Lon. ^ 6 Vf, lat. 24 o S. Xer£8-d£-Badajoz> a condder- able town of Bpain, la £Aramadura, in a territory called Tra-la Guat^iana, J'eatcd on the livu' K Ardill-^- 17 niJes SE of Badajcz. Xeres-de-G viAK.'. a town of Spain, in Andnlii.'v ^ »n the Guadiana, ] 8 miles > .../MiCtr^t, Xiris-de-la-Frowtira, ftjerabie town of Spain, in Andaluiia. It is famous for excellent wine ; and hence, it is thought, id derived the niime of tliat wc call Sherry. It is called de la Fnvtera, becaufe, when the Moors pofleHed Cadiz, it was the frontier town of the Chriftians. It is lef ted on the Gusdaleta, five miles N of Port St. Mary, and 1 10 S by W of Mc'.drid. XXXES- ox- LA-pRONTXltX, a 4*wn of New Spain, in the audience of Ovadalajara. Lon. 104 25 W, iat. lai 35 N. , X1COC0, an ifland of Japan, be- l^veen Niphon and Sailtoka* XicoNA, a town of Spain, in Va- lencia, and m the territory of Segura, with a ftreng ttOk, t$ mMcs S)V of Alican^. XucXr, a river of Sp^n, which f4(«6 in New Caftile, pafles by Cu> «i.i«a, and runs into the gulf of Va> kincia, at the town of Cullera. XvDNoGROD, a town of Turkifli Croada, 17 miks N of Sebenieo. Y *"> itvoo of the Zuidcr Zee, which ' enters that fea, five miles £ of Amfterdam. it forms the boundary between N and S Holiand, and is pro- nounced Ey* Yaik. Seel^RAt. Yaik Cossacks. SmUbAlian Cossacks. Yaitsk. Sec tTnALiK. VAK Yakotsk, a town of Siberia, ca- pital of a province of the fane name, in the governocent of Irlcotzlc, and feated on the Lena. Lob. 929 53 £, lat. 6a I N. Yace, the capital of a province of die iame name, in the il^and of Cey. lon. Yambo, a feiport of Arabia, on the E coad of the Red Sea. Lon. 40 10 E, lat. »3 40 N. Yang-tchxou, a popubus citj of China, in the province of Kiang- nan. Being intericQed by a number of canals, it has 24 ftone bridges, each condfting of ieveial arches. It is 45 miles N£ of Nan-king. YakG'TSx KiAKG, a great rivff of China, which rifes in the province of Yun-nan, and having eroiTed Hou. quang and Kidng«i»an, enters the Eaft- em Ocean, oppofite the tfle of Tfong- ming, whicli is formed by the nefday and Saturday. It is ftatcd it the mouth of the Yar«, and is of con- iidcrable confequence, both as a port and fifliing town. Its havbour is ex- tren>ely convenient for bufinefe, the vcflels lying in the river, along an »• •enfive and beautiful quay. The home fifhing is carried on at two feafons; that for mackerel in May and June, and that for herrings in October and November. The herrings ire chiefly cured here by falting, and then drying them in wood fmoke; when, under the name of red horrings, they are ei< tbar confumcd at home, or exported to Spain, Italy, and other fouthern coun> tries. Yarmouth is much frequented in the ilearon as a place for fea-bathing. The market-place is very ipacioiMj but the ftrwts, in general^ ate nanow, YEN YES •nd juft wide enough for their little carriages to pafs through* Thefe car- riages i.-e a kind of fledge« drawn by one horfei and calculated entirely for thefe narrow ftreets.' Here aij two churches : that of St. Nicholas has a lofty iteeple, which ferves as a land- mark for thofe at fea; and it is re- markable, that whichever way this (leeple is viewed, it appears crooked. Off the mouth of the harbour is a bar, which prevents the entry of fliips vf large burden ; and the many fandbanks off the coaft, at a diftance, form the noted Yarmouth Roads. Yarmouth is 27 miles £ of Norwich, and iia NE of London. Lon. x 55 £, -lat. 52 45 N. Yaroslat, a town of Rullia, ca- pital of the gvvernment of the fame name. It is feated at the confluence of the Volga with the Kotorofl, 140 miltes N£ of Mofcow. Lon. 38 59 E, lat.57 3sN. Yak LEY, a town in Huntingdoir- (hire, 14 miles N of Huntingdon, and 78 N by W of London. Yarum, a town in the N riding of Yorklhirei with a market on Thurf- day. It is feated on the Tees, 36 miles N of York, and 238 N by W of London. Ykll, one of the Shetl.md Iflands, totheNofthat called Mainland. It is i£ miles long and eight broad. Yellow RivjK,'orHoANG-Ho, a large riverof Ada, which, after a courfe of nearly 600 leagues acrofs Tartary and China, enters the Eaftetn Sea, to the N of the mouth of the Yang-tfe- kiang. It is very broad and rapid, but fo (hallow, that it is fcarcely navigable. It is called the Yellow River, becaufe the clay and fand which it waihes down, efpcciaiiy in time of rain, makes its water appear of a yellow colour. Yellow Sea, a gulf of China, between the provinces of Pe-tchelj and Chang-tong on the W, and thp penin- fula of Corea on the £. Yenisei, a river of Siberia, which enters the Frozen Ocean, £ of the bay of Oby. Yeniseisk, a populous tcwn of Siberia, in the province of Tomik) feated on the Yenifei. Loo. 9% 3.5 E, lat. 57 46 N. Yen-pino-fou, a city of China, in the province of Fokien. It has in its dlftridt feven cities of the third clafs, and is feated on the brow of a mountain, at the foot of which is the river Minho. It is 275 miles S of Nanking. YEN-TCHEou-roo, * cIty of China, in the province of Chang-tong< Its diftrift contains four cities of the fecond and 13 of the tliird clafs; and it is feated between two rivers^ »75 miles S£ of Pekin. Yen-tching, a city of China, in the province of Chang-tcng and jurTfdrJXioo of TS-nan-fou. mre a kind of glaft is made, fo delicate and brittle, that it cracks when ex- pofed to the fmalleft injuries of th« ait. YroTiL, a town in Somerfetfliir^ wirh a conHderable market on Friday* It is. feated on a river of the fame name^ 45 miles W by S of Salilbury and 123 of London. Yesd, a town of Perfia, in Irac Agemi. It has a filk mahufa^ory ; and here are made the fineft carpets in the world. It is 200 miles E of I(^a- han. Lon. 56 50 £, lat. 3^2 o N. Yonne, a department of France,' containing part of the late province of Burgundy. It is fo called from a ri- ver that rlfes in the deparljpient of Nievre, and falls into the S|Ahe, be« lows. Sens. A uxerre i^ the capital. York, an ancient city, the capital of YorkOiire, with an archbifltop'a fee, and four markets, on Tuefday, Thurfday, FrWay, and Saturday. The minfter is the mod: magnificent Go- thTc ftrudlure in the kingdom, Lin- coln perhaps excepted. Befide this C'lthedral, York contains but 17 ctiurchr.s In ufe; though, in the rcig'i of Henry V, there were 41 parilhes, 17 chapels, and nine abbles* It is divided by the Oufe into two" parts, which are united by a ftone bridge of five arches. York is fur- rounded by a wall, on which are many turrets, or watchhoufes ; there are four gates and five pofterna ; and it has » P d 4 YOR caftle, built by WiUlam the Coimue- '■ot, which is now tlie county prifon> York is a city and county of itl'etf } and fends two members to parliament. It is governed by a lord-mayor, i% a!<- d:rmen, and other officers} and its county contains 36 villages and ham- lets. The corporation built a maniicn- houfC) in 1728) for the lord-mayor; and, among the 4nodern buildings, are a noble aflembly-boure, defigned by the earl of Burlington, and an elegant court houfS) on the right of the caftle. Among the charitable foundations is an afyiam for lunatics. The Oufe is navigable to this city for veffels of 70 tons burden, although it is 60 miles from the German Ocean. York is 70 miles S by £ of Durham, 89 E of Lan- cafter, and 197 N by W of London. Lon. I 6 Wj Jat. 53 50 N. York, a county of Pennfylvanlaj 64 milej long and 24 broad. In 179O} it contained 37>747 inhabitants. 'Its capitfl, of the fame name, is i^ milei SW of Philadelphia. Lon. 76 43 W, lat. 3; 17 N. York, NxWf one of the United States of America, bounded on the SE by the Atlantic ; on the E by Connec- ticut, MaTachiifTets, and Vermont jon the N by the 45deg. of lat. which di- vides it from Canada ; on the NW by the river St. Lawrence, and the lakes Ontario and Frie ; and on the S W and S by Pennfyivania and New Jerfey. It is 350 miles long and 300 broad, and Is divided into 13 counties. The hills in this CL^untry are thickly clothed with timber, and, whea deaied, afford fine paftute. The? varies, when cultivated, produce wheat, hemp, flax, peas, grafs, oats, and Indian corn. York, New, a city of N America, capital of the ilate of the fame name. It '3 rtuate at ihe SW point cf an jilard, at the coiifiuence of HuUion and liafl: Rivers, and is four miles in cir- cu.nference. York Ifland is 15 miles in length, and hardly one in breadth. It is joined to the mainland by a bridge called Kiiig'b Bridge, Th<';e is no bafin or bay for the reception of (hipsj but the roa,i where they He, in Eaft River, is defended froai the violence YOR of the fra by the iflands which Ifttet- lock with each other } fo that, except that of Rhode Ifland, the harbour of New York, which adnoits /Iilpsof any burden, is the befV of the United Statec. Th« niimber of inhabitants, in 1786, was 23,614. Ne^ York is 97 miles N£ of Philadelphia. Lon. 74 9 W, lat. 40 43 N. YoRKSHiRX, the largefl county in England, bounded on the N by Wed. morland and Durham ; on the £ by the German Ocean } on the ^ by Lin- coln/hire, Nottinghannih' re, and Dcrby- fhire ; on the SW by Chefbire ; on the W by Lancafhire ; and on the N W by Wcftmorland. It extends 90 miles from N to S, and 1 1 5 from £ to W, and is divided into three ridings, called the North„Eaft, and Weft ridings. It is fubdivided into 26 >ivap.cntakes, which contain one city, 54 market- town ;>, and 563 parifhes. It lies in the diocefe ofxoik (except Richmond- Aire, which belongs to the diocefe of Cbefier) and fends 30 members to p«r> liament. The air and foil vary ex- tremely. The E riding is lefs healthy than the others } but this incenveni- ence decteafes in proportiori as the country recedes from the fea. On the hilly parrs of this riding, efpecially in the York Woids, the foil is gene- rally barren, dry, and fandy : great numbers of lean fheep are therefore fold hence, and fcnt into other counties to be fattened. The W riding enjoys a fliarp but healthy air, and the land on the wcftern fide is hilly, ftony, and not very fruitful j but the Intermediate vallies conlift of good pafturage for the largeft cattle. The N riding, in ge- neral, exceeds the oth^ two in the U- lubrity of the air. The worfi parti breed lean cattle ; bur, on the fides of the hills, in the vallies and plains, it has good arable and paflure land } and rape and potatoes are gra^n here in gteat quantities. Riclimondihire, on the N W of this riding, was hjrmerly a cotinty of itfelf ; here many lead mines are worked to great advantage. I«Yorkfhire, likewifc, are the diflridls of Cleveland, Holdernefs, and Craven. -The principal produ^s of tliis count]; YRI YUN not already mentioned, are wheat, barley, oats, iron, coal, jet, allum, hurfes, and goats; and ithasaconfi- derabie Oure in the clothing manufac- tures. York Town, a town of N Ame- rica, in the ftate of Virginia, fitaate on the S (ide of Vork River, i ^ miles £ of Wiilia.na)urgh. Here the Biicift army, under earl Cornwallis, lurren- dereJ, in 178 1, to tlie united forces of the French and Americans. Yo-TCHEou-FOUi a populous and commercial city of Cliina, in the pro- vince ofHou-quang. Its diftriil con- tains one city of the fecond, and feven of the third ria fs ; and it is feated on the Yang-tfe-kiang, 475 miles SW of Nan-king. Y'oocHAtL, a confiderable feaport cf Ireland , in the Cvounty of Cork, with a well defended quay. Ic is feated at the mouth of the Biackwat«r, and fendi two members to parliament* Lon. 7 45 W, lat. 51 w N. YouLx, a village in the £ riding of Yorkibire, 11 miles below York, at the conflux of the D«n and Humber. Here is a remarkable dike, called Youle Dike, 10 miles long; and a people, called Triers, who, with a long piece of iron, fearch into the foft boggy ground hereabouts fur fubterraneous trees, which they fometimes meet with of the fir kind. YpRis, a large city of Auftrian Flanders, with a bilhop's fee. It has a confiderable manufactory of cloth and ferges; and every year in Lent there is a well frequented fair. It was one of the barrier towns belonging to the Dutch, till 1781, when the em- peror Jofeph II obliged them to with- draw their garrifon. It has been of- ten taken aud retaken ; the laft time by the French in 1794. It is feated on the river Yperlee, 12 miles W of Courtray, and 1 5 N W of LiHe. Yrixx, St. a town of France, in the department of Upper Vienne. It derives its name from a faint, who built a monaftery here, and is feated on the river Iflci 20 miles S of Li- moges* YSXNOYCK, or ISXNPYCKf a Arong town of Dutch Flanders, In th« ifle of Cadfand, feated on a branch of the Scheld, called Blie, eight miles £ of Sluys, and 18 NW of Ghent Lon, 3 38 E, lat. 51 »o N. YssKL. See Issxl, YssELBUBG, a town of Dutch Guelderland, 21 miles NE ofof Ouel- dres. YssELMOKD, or IssxLMONO, an ifland of Holland, fituate between the Merv.e on the N, and another branch of ths Maefe on the S. It has a town of the fame name, near three miles W of Rotterdam. YssxL8TxiN,atownof the United Provinces, in Holland, with a caftle, on the YflTel, five miles SW of Utrecht, Y»sENGXAUX, a town of France, in the department of Upper Loire, lo miles NE of Puy. Ythan. SecElTHANt Yucatan. See Jucatan. YuxN-YANO-rou, a city of Chi- na, in the province of Hou-quang* Its diAri£t contains one city of the fe- cond, and fix of the third clafs. It is 500 miles W of Nan-king. YvERDUN, an ancient town of SwiflTerland, in the county of Vaud, capital of a bailiwic of the fame name, with a caftle. It is feated at the head of the lake of the fame name, on the rivers Orbe and Thiele, 30 miles SW of Bern. Lon. 6 50 £, lat. 46 50 N. YvBRDUN, Lakkof. SeeNKU« CHATEL. Yvetot, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine, five miles NE of Caudebec. Yuma, one of the Bahama Iflands, in theW Indies, to the N of Cuba; 55 miles in length, and 17 in breadth. YuMXTO, one of the Bahama Iflands, in the W Indies, to the N of the Ifle of Yuma, lying under the tropic of Cancer. It is 37 miles in length. YuN, the largeft' canal in China, called alfo The Imperial Canal^ This celebrated canal, which extends from Canton to Pekin, forms a coth- munication between the N and S pro- vinces. The traffic upon it is exceed-^ 2AC • tngly great, and it Is, in various other tefpe^i, an objeA of wonder and ad- mi-ation to Europeans. yirNG>viNC'rov,acityof China, in the province of Pe-tche)i. Its dif^ trift contains one city of the fecond and live of the third dafs ; and it is 87 lni^es EofPekin. Yu-NiNG-rou, a city of China, in the province of Ho>nan. Its diftri£l contains two cities o( the fecond and 12 of the third clafs. It is 175 miles NWofNan-lcing. YuN-KAN, ont of the moft ftrtile and opulent provinces in China j bounded on the N by Se-tcheuen and Thibet, on the E by Quang-fi and Koeitcheou, on the S by the kbigdoms of Laos and Tnnquin, and on the W by thafe of Burraiah and Pegu. Its gold, copper, and tin mines ; its amber, rubies, fapphires, agates, pearls, marble, mulk, filk, elephants, horfes, gums, medicinal plants, and linen, have procured it the highe(l re- putadon. Its commerce and riches are immenfe. YuN-NAN.'rov, the capital of the province of Yun-nan, in China, once remarkable for its extent and the beauty of its public buildings, all ivhich have been dcftcoyed by the Tartars, iu their dhferent invafions. Its diftriA contains four cities of the feeonil and third clafs. It is 430 miles NW of Canton. YvoY, a town of France,^ in the department of the Ardennes, feated on the Cher, lon^ilesSofSedan. 2 A BERN, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, 15 miles W of PhiJipfburg. Zabol A, a town of Tranfylvania, five miles SW of Neumark. Zajurn, a town of France, in die department of the Lower Rhine, T5 miles N of Straibnrg. Zacatecas, % city of New Spain, in the audience of Guadal^ara. It is fliRounde throughout of Africai, n of Maco> 7ongo, and 1° a lat. e town of fhop's fee. le Douero^ 17 arches, and 150 ra, in the- near the 3d are rich J W, lat, ilgiers, in 250 milei Z AN W of Hamamet. Lon. 6251, lat. 36 to N. Zamoiki, a ftrong town of Po- hndy in Red Ruflia, now the Auftrian kingdom of Lodomcria. It has a ci- tadel, and is 37 miles NW of Lem« burg. Zampanoo, atown of NewSpiitn, in the province of Mexko Properi 25 miles N of Acapulco. ZASTAHAf a kingdoni of Negro- land, to the W of the kingdom of Zegzeg. The inhabitants are tall, of a very black complexion, with broad fiices, and favage difpofitious. Zangvkbaii, a country on the E c.iaft of Africa, between 3° N and 1 8*^ S lat. It includes feveral petty king- doms, in whish the Portuguefe have fettlements. The inhabitants, except thofe converted by the Portuguefe, are either Mahometans or pagans. The names of the principel territories are Mombasa^ Lamo, Melinda, Quiola, Mofambique, and Sofala. The produc- tions are much the fniie as in other parts of Africa between the tropics. Zants, an ifland of the Mediter- ranean, near the coaft of the Morea, 17 mibs SE of Cepholonta. It is ^4 miles in length, and is in breadth, and very pJeafant and fertile ; its prin- cipal riches eo'^'^'^ing in the cur- rant-grapes. Here are 3lfo the fineft peaches in the world, each of which weighs eight or ten ounces, with ex- cellent figs and oil. The town, called Zante, contains near 20,000 inhabi . tants. It is featcd on the E fide of the ifland} and has a good harbour. The houfes are low, on account of the frequent earthquakes. Tlie natives fpeak'Greek and Italian, though there are very few Roman catholics am ng them ; but tiiefe have a bifhop as wtrll as the Greeks. This ifland belongs to the Venetians} but die Engliih and Dutch have each a faftory and conful here. Lon. 21 3 £, lat. 37 53 N. Zamsi-bak, an ifland of Africa, on the coaft of Zanguebar, between the iflands of Piemba and Monfia, with the title of a kingdom, tributary ' to Portugal. It abounds in fugar canes and citrons. The inlubitants are Ma- ZEA hometans* Lon. 38 25 E, Itt. € g* 9. Zara, an anci«!nt, ftrong, and| confiderable city of Venetian Dahnatia» capital of a county of the fame name, wirh an archbilhnp's (ee, a citadel, and a harbour. It was formetiy much more confiderable, the circsmference of the walls being now but two mites, and the InhaUunts not above 6000. 'It is l^ted on a fmall peninfula, in the gulf of Venke, 80 miles SW of Jaicxa, and I ;o SE of Venice. Lon. 16 6 E, lat. 44 3« N. Zaknatx, a ftrdng town of Tar- key in Europe, in the Morea, feated on an eminence, 20 miles W of Mifi- tra. Zasnaw, a town of Little Poland y in the palatinate of Sandomir, 63 milei N of Cracow. Zaslaw, a town of Poland, Ui Volhinia, fe lat. 47 50 N* Zator, a town of Poland, in the palatinJte of Cracow, and capital of a itarofty of the fame name, with a caf- tle. it fs featedon an eminence, near t!ie Viftuhi, 20 miles SW of Cracow. Zbaraz, a town of Poland, in Po- dolia, 70 miles N by W of Kaminieck. Zborow, a town if Auftrian Po- land, in the palati.iate of Lcmburg, where, in 1649, John Cafimir, king; of Poland^ with 20,000 men, was at- tacked in his camp by i io,coo Cof- facks and Tartars, for three days fuc- ceflivety, but defended himfelf fo bravely, that the latter were glad to confent to terms of accommodation. Zborow is 25 miles W («f Zbaraz« and 52 E by S of Lemburg. Zealand, a very fertllf tfland of Denmark, 700 miles in circumference. It is feated at the entrance of the Bal- tic, anil is the largeft of the iAei be. longing to the king of Denmark. It is particdlarly fknous for its breed of horfest Copenhagen is the capital^ • I % ZEA ZEI ZtALAKD) one of the feven Unit- ed Provinces of the Netherlands* founded on the N by the ifles of Hol- land} on the £ i./ Dutch Brabant, on the S by. Dutch Flanders, and on the W and NW b> the German Ocean. It is compofed offeveral iflands, the principal of which are Walchcren, Schowen, N and S Beveland, Tolen, Duyveland, and W.)lfersdyck. The foil is fertile, but the air unhealthy. The princip.ll towns are Middleburg and Fluthing. Zealand, New, aninandinthe Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Tafnian, in ,1642. He called the country Sta- ten Land, in honour of the States General, though it has been generally diftingui/hed in our maps by the name of New Zealand. From his time, the whole country (except the £ coaft, which he had explored from 34 to 4J0 S iat.) remained altogether unknown, and was by many fuppofed to make part of a fouthern continent, till 1770, when it was circumnavigated by cap- tain Cook, who found it to confifl: of two large i (lands, feparated by a ftrait, four or five leagues broad, to wlu'ch he gave his own name. Thefe iflands lie between Iat. 34 and 48° S, and Ion. 166 and 180'^ £. The winters here are milder than in England, and the fummei-s not hotter, though more equal'y warm. There are foreAs of vaft extent, full of the ftraighteft and largeft timber, fit for building of any kind. Wild celery, and a kind of crelFes, grow plentifully in almoft eve- ry cove. Yams, fweet potatoes, and cocoas, are ralfed by cultivation. Captain Cook, in 177 31 planted feve- ral fpots of ground with European garden feeds; ind, in 1777, in feve- ral of thefe fpots, although totally neg- ]e£led and overrun by weeds, were found cabbages, onions, leeks, pur- fiain, radishes, muftard, &c. and a ew fine potatoes, greatly improved by han^2 of foil. In other places every hing had been rooted out to make 00m for temporary villages. The nly quadrupeds are dogs and rats} he former are domeftiC| and for food, and the Tatter, though not numsroufy feem alfo to be eaten. Captain Cuok introduced European poultry, and, on his laft vifit, had the fatisfa£lion to find them increafedi.both in a wild and domefiic fiate, beyond all danger of being ever exterminated. The men are (lout, well-mad(>, and fiefii) ; but none of them corpulent, like the inhabitants of Otaheite and the Society Ifles ; and they are exceedingly vigo- rous and aftlvej The women, in ge- neral, are fmailer than thb men ; but pofiefitng few peculiar graces of form or perfon, and chiefly diftingnifiied by the fofinefs of their voices. The bodies of both fexes are marked with black ftains, which is the fame as tattowing at Otaheite. Their drefs is alfo the fame. Their hoofes are miferable lodging- places; and their only furni- ture is a few fmall baflceta. The wo- men eat in common with the men, and their method of feeding correfponds with the nadinefs of tt;eir perfons. From Cape Kidnappers, in Iat. 39 43, for upward of 80 leagues to the north- ward, the . people acknowledge one fovereign, called Teratn, and under him feveral fubordinate chiefs, who probably adminifler juftlce, and to whom great refpe^l is paid ; but whe« ther his authority be hereditary or de- legated, is uncertain. This part of thu coaft is much the mod populous ; tillage, weaving, and the other arts of peace, being here beft known, and mort pradlifed. In other parts, they are fcattered along the coaft, in fingle families, or in larger tribes, and each in a ftate of perpetual hoftility. Zkgzeg, a kingdom of Negro- land, lying -on the river Niger, by which it is feparated, on the N, by the empire of Cafiina. On the E it is bounded by Z.mfara, on the S by Be- nin, and on the W by unknown de- ferts. Zeighenhkimi a town of Germa- ny, in the landgravate of Hefie Cade!, 30 miles S ot Ciifel. Zeil, a town of Suabia, capital of a county of the fame name, in the Al- gau, between the county of Wurzach <...!. ,is^.:?6^ .KivrA.*..,.,...! ZEL ZIB 'and Leutkircher Heath. It has a caf- t\e, and is feated on the little river Aitrach, 70 miles S of Ulm. Zeiton, a town of Turkey, iii Europe, in janna, with a caflle and an archb'i{hop*3 fee. It is feated on a hill, by a gulf of the fame name, 50 miles SE of Lariffa. Zkitz, a town of Germany, in the cJrck of Upper Saxony and duchy of Naumburg. Ijt has a caftle, and a well- frequented college, and is feated' on thu Efter, 25 milesSW of Leipfick, and 45 £ of Erfurt. Zell, a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and capital of a ^uchy of the fame name, which devolved to the houfe of Hano- ver, by marriage. It is a fmall town, without trade or ■ manufadlures ; but the high courts of appeal for all the territories off the ele^oral houfe of Brunfwick-Lunenburg are^held here, and the inhabitants derive their princi- pal means of fubfiftence from this circumftance. The caftle, a ftately building, furrounded by a moat, was the refidence of the unfortunate queen of Denmark, who died here. In 1757, the French reduced the fuburbs of Zell to aihes, and even fet fire to the orphan hofpital, in which a great number of helg^lefs children are faid to haVe perKhed. Zell is feated on the Aller, 31 miles NW of Brunfwick, and 47 S by W of Lunenburg. Lon. 10 12 £, lat. 52 49 N. Zell, a free imperial town of Suabia, under the prote6tion of the houfe of Auftria. It is feated on a lake of the fame name, otherwife calU ed the Zeller See, or lower lake of Conftance, 14 miles NW of Con. itance. Zell, a fmall town of Germany, in the electorate of Treves, feated on the Mofelie, 33 mile^NE of Treves. ZSLLANY. See KURII.KS. Zell-in-Hammcrsbach, or Harmsbach. a free imperial town of S'jabia, in the Orlenau, nine miles SEofOffenburg. ZELL-lN-THE-PlNZCAU,atOWn in the archbi/hopric of Saltzburg. It ed on a lake, 37 miles SW of Saitz« burg. Zell • IN -ZiLLER -Thai,, a town in the archbiihopric of Saltz- burg, the refidence of a bailiff. It is feated on the Ziller, 71 miles SW of Saltzburg. Zembla, liovA, a large uninha- bited ifland, in the^Northern Ocean, to the N of Ruflia, from which it is feparated by the ftrait of Waigate. In 1595, a Dutch vefiel was caft away on the coaft, and the crew were obliged to winter here. They did not fee {he fun from the 4th of November to the beginning of February, and had great difficulty to avoid being frozen to death. Zemltn, or ZxMPLiN, a town of Upper Hungary, capital of a coun- ty of the fame name, feated on the river Bodrog, 25 miles SE of Caflbvia, and 27 NE of Tockay. Lon. 21 35 E, lat. 48 36 N. Zerbst, a town of Get many, in the circle of Upper Saxony and princi- pality of Anhalt, capital of a diftriAof that name, with a caftle, where the princes commonly relidc. The inha- bitants are partly Lutherans and partly Calvinifts, and are famous for brewing g6od beer j but it is remarkable, that the women are more concerned in brewing it than the men. It is 27 miles NW of Wittemburg. Lon. iz S3 £, lat. 52 o N. Zeriga, a town of Perfia, in Irac- Arabia, feated in a narrow plain, be- tween mountains. It has produced feveral famous Arabian horfes. ZiA, a fertil? nd well-cultivated ifland of the Art,:iipelago, one of the Cyclades, to the SW cf Negropont. ^ It is 15 miles in length, and eight in ' breadth. The principal town h of the fame name, on an eminence, 30 miles from the harbour. It refembles an amphitheatre, and contains 2500 hou- fes, all ftat at the top. It belongs to the Turks, but moft of the inhabitants are Greeks, and have a biHiop. ZiBiT, a territory in Arabia Felix, extending from the principality of Mecca to that of Mocha, nnd bound- 2 I , I 18 the refidence of a hiiWf and is feat- ed on the W by the Red Sea. The ZOL ZUL Tttdt* weie IboiMrif waAers of this coontrjr, but it oow belongs to an Ara- hfiaapnow. Thccapi^d,alvgetrad- h>S tofum of the ftne name» i« feate4 on the river Zibit* 150 aikt NW of Aden* ZifticcKC» a ftrong town of the United Pttmactt, is Zealandt and the principd of the ifle of Schowen. It was the ancient refidenoe of the counts of Zeaiiind* and was then a fbce of nwich antm ^oniiequ^nce, the pott-having been fince 6Mpi with fand. It was tal^n by «be Spanijurdsin IS76. It is lA naUes N£ of Middkburg. Lon« 4 10 £4 lat^ sf si N. ZiTTiiiW« a^prtiliadtownof Lufa- itia, fubjeft to the eledtor of Saxony, The prin«^pal Ituftnefs of the iji^abi- tantsis brewing beer; but there are aboxe jpo d^ier^t and In the neigh- bouring viUiiges ^ve 1000 weavers. ZitUu being ojKupied by the PrujIIians, in !l757< was taken by the Auftrians, yi^o pillaged the tuwn, and altnoft en- tirely deftroyed it, nottvitliftanding the unfortunate iohabilspts were the fub- je£ls of their ally^ the eWior of Saxo- ny. It is feated on the NeiOe, 17 miles SW of Gorlitz, and as S£ of DreldeQ. Lon. 15 5 £, lat. 50 ^9 N> ZnaiM) a ftrong town of Moravia* with an ancient caftle. It is fea(ed on the Taye, 24 nailes SW of Brinn, and 3» N»of Vie" va, ZoAKAf a ijrtified'fea^rt of Afri- ca on the coaftof Barbary, 6oiniies W of Tripelit Lqn. 11 55 E, lat. }» 45 N. ZoFFiNG«K9 an ancient town in Swinferiandj in the canton of Bern* three miles froni Arburg. The inha- bitants have their own n^agiftrates ; and, what is peculiar* their owq courts of ju<^ice* bqth civil and criminal* which decide in the laft refort, with- out an appeal to Bern. Z01.NOCK, a town in Upper Hun- gary, capital of a county of the fame name. It was taken by the Turks in 1 5 s4) and retaken by the impcriaiifts in 1 085. It is feated a', the cunfluence of the Teyfle and Sagelia/ 6a miles E of Buda. I.on. to u> L. lat. 4.7 m. N. ZoRNnoar, a village in the new marche of Brandenburg* where, u> 1758* the king of Pjruffia totally de- feated the Ruiians. It is one mile NofCuftrin. ZouT Pan* a curious fait lalce In the country of the Hottentots, a few miles N of Point Padrbn. It is a plain much above the level of the fea, and thsee milee in circumliBrenoe. At fome feafons, it is formed into an en> tire mafs of fine white (alt* which has a very ftriking appearance. Zux;ii.>%, a town of Africa* In Fezzan* fituate in a di0:rid of remark- able fertility* in which the remnants <^ ancient buildings* the numb«r and fize of the cifi^ewib and the cQoftri|£tioB of the vaulted cayes, intended perhaps as repofitories of corn, exhibit very wonderful yeftiges of ancient fplendour. It is 140 miles £ of Mourzook. Lon. 16 34E, lat. Z7 S9N. ZuQ* a CQ.ifiderable town of Swif- ferland* coital of a canton cf the fame naihe. It is feated on a lake, in a fertile valky. In 143S* the ftreet* which was on the fide of the lake, was fwailowed up, and therefore ano- ther was built on an eminence. Zug is IS miles N£ of Lucern* and 42 SB ofBafii. Lon. 8 16 £* lat. 47 10 N. Zug, one of tbs cantons of Swif- ferljuid* bounded on the £ and N ly that of Zuric* on the W by that of Lucern* and the Free Provinces, and on the S by that of Schweitz. The inhabitants are Roman catholics. The government is democraUc* and exceed, ingly complicatud. ZviOEK-Zii;, a great bay of the German Ocean, which extends from S to N in the United Provinces, be- tween Friefiand, Overyileii Gueiddr* land, and Holla* ic. ZuiLLicHAV* a town of Silefia,^' in the province of Crpflen, 16 miles NE of Croflen. ZvLFHA, a town of Pel fia, ^oft clofe to Ifpaban, to vvhichitjsa fort of fuburb, and fep^^mted from it by die riter Sitnderou. It is peopled by a «(n I '#/' 4*- ■i,!;"- I«ny of ArflnenianSf who were brought into Perfu by Shah Abbas. It is an archlHihop's (ee, and contains feveral churches and monaftsries* Zui.PicH« orZux-CHy an ancient town of Germany, in the duchy of Ju- liers, belonj^g to the acchbifliop of Cologne^ It is feated on the river Naflel, lo cils^S of Julie: s, and lo W of Bonn. 2U;«ic, an ancient, large, andpo> pulace city of Swilfeilandf capital of a canton of the fame name. It ftands at the N end of the lake of Zuric, and occupies both fides of the .Ummat) which iiTucs from that lake, and di- vides the town into two uneaual parts, which communiisate by three bridges. It was feuQerJy an imperial city, and was the ficift town in SwUTerland that feparated from the church of Rome, being converbBd by the arguments of Zuinglius. T+e twto divifi ns of Zu- ric ai:: called the old Town and the Subuibs. Here are feveral manufadto* ries J particularly of muflins, cottons, linens, and fjlk handkerchiefs. Zu- lic is 35 miles SW of Conliance, 40 SE of Bade, and 55 NE of Bern. Lon. 8 30 E, lat. 47 20 N. ZuRic, one of the 13 cantons of Swiflerla;id, 50 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It is bounded on the N by the Rhine, which feparatcs it from the canton of Schaft'haufen ; on the S by that of Schweitz; on the E by Thurgaw, and the county of Tocken- burg ; and on liie "W by the canton of Zug, and the Free Provinces. In 1351, Zuric formed an alliance with Lucerp, Uri, Schweitz, and Under- wa'idcn, and was admitted a member of their confederacy. The four cantons yielded the pre-eminence to Zuilc ^ a privilege it ftill enjoys, being the firft canton in rank, and the molt confidi- rable in extent both of territory and power next to that of Bern. This canton abounds in corn, wine, and ex> ceilent pafture; but as there is not a fufficient fupply of corn for interior confumption, the deficiency is chiefly fupplied from Suabia. The fovereign fewer refidcs exclufively in the bur< gefles of the city, amovvuiqg to ab^ aoooj butthelegiflatiiMtfoweriiyeft* ed in 4 council of aia, dsw^ from the 13 tribes into which the hurgeflei are divided. Zuric, a lake of Swiflerlaad, now ID leagues in length, and one in breadth. It is of an oblong iocmn andi the river Li^unat runs throu|^ ity whole extent to Zuric ZuRiTA, a town of Spaln^ in Old Caftile, feated on the Tajo, with an old caftle. It is very near Tol«do» ZuKZACH, an ancient town of SwiiTerlandi in the county of Badent remarkable for two fairs much fte^ quented by the. mexchants of Germa- ny and France. It is feated on the Rhine, juft above the junction of the Aar with that river. ZuTFHCN, a ftsQpg and cond- derable town in Dutch Guelderlandy and capital of a county of -the fame name. It was taken in 1672, by the French, who, in 1674, reftored it. It is feated at the coniluence of the Berkel and YflTel, nine miles S by E of Di venter, and 55 E by S of Amfter- dam. Lon. 6 o £, lat. 52 10 V. ZuTPHiN, a fr>unty of the United Provinces, in Guelderlandj bounded on the N by the Yfiel, which feparatcs it from Velaw ; on the W by Ove- ryAIrl ; on the £ by the biihopric of Alunfkr ; and on the S by the duchy of Cleves. ZuTz, a village of Swiflerland, in th(^ country of the Grlfons. Though not the largeft, it is the principal place of the diftridt of Upper Engadio na, containing the criminal court of juftice. Zjyst, a pleafant village, five miles from Utrcchu It abounds in plantations and fhady walks, and is greatly ornamented by the fpacious building which count Zinzendorf ap- propriated to the fraternity of Hcrren- huters or Moravians. The brethren are employed in various kinds of manufac- ture j and as many rf them have been either educated in Epgland, or have worked there, their workmanftiip far exceeds that of uny other part of Hol- ^ ;1 2 W 6 Z YT hoA { botthe articles are propordonabiy dearer. Zuyft is much fiequented, in the fummer noonths, by a fubftantial ctafa of Dutch merchants (particularly from Arofterdam) who haye no coun- ';« try feats of their own. ZyricKow, a town of Germany, In the circle of Upper Saxony and mar- quifaCe of Mifnia, formerly imperial. ik^. The place where the inhabitants are If"'* '. buried is in Voigtiand ; and therefore it is commonly faid, that they are MiV- tiians while alive, but Voigtlanders after they are dead. It is 20 miles NE of Plawe", and 15 S of Alten. burg. Lon. 12 26 £, lat. 50 45 N. ZwiNGENBURG, a town of Ger« many, in the landgravate of Hefle Darmftadt, eight miles S of Darmftadt, sind 12 N of Worms. / ZwoLL, a ftrong town of the Uni- ted Provinces, in Overyflel, and in the diftrid of Zailant. It is a large anH rich town j and the canal, which begins near this place, and extends to tfae Yfiel, is defended by feveral forts. It was formerly an imperial and" han> featic town, and is feated on an emi- ne>ice, on the rivers Aa and YfTel, eight miles .S£ of Campen, and five S of HafTelt. Lon. 6 10 Ej lat. ez 33 N. Zygzth, a ftrong town of Lower Hungary, capital of a county of the fame name, feated on a morafs made by the river Alma, 50 miles NW of EfTeck. It wasbefieged, in 1566, by Soiymanll, emperor of the Turks, and taken three days after his death ; but was afterward retaken by bhe Auftrians. Lon. ig 58 E. lat. 46 17 N. Zygeth, a county of Lower Hun- gary, feparated' from Sclavonia by the river Drave on the SW, on the NW by the lake Balaton, «nd on the £ by th'^ counties of Alba RegaUs and Tolna. ZvTOMiEiii;, a town of Poland.< in Voihinia, feated on the river Cle- cithS, 70 miles W of K'OW) ^ni ^20 £ of Lucko. Lon< 39 %% £» Uu 50 35 N. '.Ji-'^h^ TH? EKD, 4%.,. ^' .*V'^ 'f^ f^i-fO :t . ;?!(;*« ^ X -'#.-♦' I ancT han> n an emi- uid Yffcl, and five S E, lat. 52 I of Lower aty of the orafs made esNW of 1 1566, by Furks, and ieath; but Auftrians. N. lOwerHun- }nia by the theNWby le E by th- id Tolna. of Poland; ;«o 50 nvet E, U.,