IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) {./ ^% Zi ^ ^6 1.0 1= 1.25 1^ lU 1^ 12.2 2.0 U 111.6 V] r '^^ > :^ ^h '/ ■/A Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14980 (716) 872-4503 (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les images suivantes ont At4 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet« de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. 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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 lii <■■..«. ],,t M^QOCE * WOOD ^ WMeaill SUrtitlili, and 9ttim in Blank Books J^^ BMkt and Ghepp Pubtientionsi 41 S sad 4S0 tday Si, near Sansom, %n Francisco. '^ ^ ^TiDE BISTORY or ^iDontstiiHiig vHhii^ble 'Information, w'lth correct Tabl6» ir x^SxT I A » litli'*' «a4Mi(.». onajLTOH. ,1? 1^ -» ' -»! rrfr* rriiiijiiiifritf^ ' I/A- £ GROYER & BAKER S CELEBRATED SEWIM MACHINES For Manufacturing and Family Uses, Are the only style adapted to all the require- ments of the California Public. f #% €411@# The wliolc distance from Cayoosh Flat to the Forks of the Qiiesnell, can be accomplish- ed without carryinji' more than one day's food at anytime, if you have the moans to procure it at the several stations named, alon}2: the route; hut the distances must he made daily, or camping out on short allowance is inev- itable. Packers, carryin<2j tents and provisions, do not make the reaching of the stations a ne- cessity, but camp where food and water can be procured for their animals. From Lilloct there is a trail leading up the west bank of the Fraser river to Express Bar eighteen miles, thence to Big Bar fifteen miles, and crossing the Fraser unites with the main trail on the east bank. From Cayoosh Flat, opposite Lilloet, to William's Lake on the Cariboo route, there are two trails : one known as the River Trail, that for the greater part of the way lies along or near the east bank of Fraser river ; the other the Brigade Trail, that leads oft' from Fraser river in a north-easterly direction till it strikes a tribu- tary of Thompson's river, then north to La- hache Lake, then w^est to William's Lake, where it unites with the River Trail. The Brigade Trail is the longest route by more than thirty miles, but much the best for pack animals, the River Trail being really danger- ous for the transit of even the surest footed mule. I>ISTAXCES BY THi: BRIOAOH: XRAII.. From Cayoosh Flat, through a timbered country, TO THE 'FOUNTAIN 8 Now over a fine, rolling, timbered country, TO THE PAVILION 12 Now a fine trail 6 llOUTE TO CAR moo. TO GOOD CAMPING 14 Thciu'c over a muddy trail TO JOLIE rUAIRlE 12 Another niuddv trail in j)art TO LITTLE CREEK 12 iS'ow a fair trail TO GREEN LAKE 12 Then a low, nuuldv trail TO BRIDGE \ 22 A fair trail most of the way TO LAIIACIIE LAKE 20 Now an cxecllent trail along the lake TO LAKE SHORE CAMP 18 Thence over a very ^ood trail TO WILLIAM'3 LAKE 32 Wliole distance, one hundred and sixty-two miles. »ISTA]!lfCES B5Y THE RIVElt Tit All.. From Cayoosh Flat TO THE FOUNTAIN 8 TO THE PAVILION 12 Now a low, soft trail crossing Big Slide creek and on TO LEON'S STATION 15 Heavy timbered country TO BIG BAR CREEK 19 Soft, bad trail TO CANOE CREEK CROSSING 20 Now a very fair trail TO DOG CREEK 10 Now near the river and then along Alkali lake up TO THE CROSSING 17 Now over a hi^h trail, and more rolling coun- try, crossing Chimney creek, TO WILLIAM'S LAKE 27 Whole distance, one hundred and twenty- eight miles. * I TO TC f 14 12 12 12 22 20 18 32 ROUTE TO CAllllIOO. 7 From Wil Hum's lake TO DAVISON'S RANCH....: 3 Here the Bri}4'a(le trail leads off to the north- west, towards Fort Alexandria ; the Caril)oo trail in a north-easterly direction throu^^h a timbered country TO DEEP CUEEK 10 A more mountainous country TO ROUND TENT .^ 12 A few deep, muddy sloughs, otherwise a fair trail TO BEAVER LAKE 16 n<'rc is one of the best houses on the whole ri)Ute. It is now kept by James Sel crs. The country is level and well adapted to cultiva- tion, producing fine vegetables in abundance. Now a bad, wet, low trail T0T:TTLE LAKE 16 \^■!tll very little improvement in the trail, you rea.'h THE FORKS OF THE QUESNELL 8 Whole distance from Cayoosh Flat by the River trail, one hundred and ninety miles. Cross the south fork by ferry to the village of Quesnell — (pronounced, canal). Probably by this time the most hardy ad- venturer on the route is beginning to be well satisfied that it is no easy matter to get to Cariboo, for though on paper I have not rep- resented the trails to be very difficult of pas- sage, you have doubtless found the Brigade trail bad enough, and the River trail, if you passed that way, just the worst of all trails that mortal man ever ought to think of get- ting over alive. Swamps and sloughs, hills, mountains, and along precipices until your head would swim ; but no matter, we are now at Quesnell, another grand point on the route to Cariboo, for we are not quite there yet. Here almost anything really required by 8 ROUTE TO CARIBOO. V'i TO the miner can be obtained at fair prices, which means, five or six times as much as the same articles can be had for at Victoria ; for though a packer and interested in the sale of mer- chandise, I state this as true, and therefore that every man that can should obtain his outfit, provisions and tools, at Victoria, if able to pack them through ; it may cause him a deal of trouble and delay on the way, but he will save money by the operation. Now for Cariboo, and if early in the season or before the first of June, every man must pack on his back, not only liis " grub," but the necessary mining tools. Later in the sea- son, say by first of July, animals are able to traverse most of the routes among the princi- pal mining localities, and this is as soon as it will be found profitable to reach the mines ; before this very little can be done on account of the depth of the snow. If, however, you possess ample means to buy your meals on the way, they can be pro- cured at the several stations along the route, but at prices that will set you thinking of your " bottom dollar," unless your purse reaches to your boots. Well, here we go From Quesnell follow up the east bank of the north fork, cross Span- ish creek, and over a very bad and diflicult trail, TOLL BRIDGE Cross, and follow up the west bank to Keith- ley's creek, which flows into Little Cariboo lake. Here is another village of considerable pretensions, and a point from which radiate several routes. In a south-easterly direction, distant four miles, is Goose creek, that will pay from fifteen to twenty dollars a day to the man, and yet abandoned for better. North- easterly from Keithley's, distant seven miles, T T T A 8 ROUTE TO CARIBOO. d 8 i ; 1 I is Harney's creek, along which for miles arc digjjjings that in any other country than Cari- boo would be called rich. Keithley's maj be said to be the beginninpj of the Cariboo mines, or the southern limit of the same. From this point we take a mountain trail, and a hard one it is, till you make a descent TO LITTLE CREEK 6 There is good camping here. Now on to Snow Shoes creek, which we follow up TO THE CROSSING 8 We now cross over Snow Shoes mountain, difficult only on account of the depth of the snow, in the eai4y part of the season, it being very deep till quite the first of June ; you now pass down TO FAIR CAMPING GROUND 8 Another hard tramp and vou reach ANTLER CITY " 12 Whole distance from Quesnell to Antler City and creek, forty-two miles, and we are in Cariboo. But now ''comes the tug of war," or rather mining, in the most inhospit^ible, rugged, rainy and snowy country that gold was ever found in I am sure ; but as the ad- vice of " only a packer " would be little heed- ed by old California miners, I shall content myself with finishing up my oft traveled routes, with their distances, and then with a few general remarks, leave the Cariboo miner to make a princely fortune in about the short- est time that a fortune was ever made ; or, after a few, very few, brief months of disap- pointment, see him on his weary way back to the abodes of civilization, a wiser man in all that relates to Cariboo. From Antler Citv TO MOUNTAIN LAKE HOUSE 10 From the Lake House to and down Liglitniiig creek 10 ROUTE TO CARIBOO. TO END OF CATION. 10 There are rich diggings on this creek for many miles below this point. From Light- ning cafion, north and west, TO VAN WINKLE CREEK. 12 This is a tributary of Lightning creek, and lower down is LAST CHANCE " 5 There is a mountain trail and more direct, from the Lake House to Last Chance, that leaves Lightning canon and Van Winkle creek to the right and shortens the distance five or six miles. JACK OF CLUBS CHEEK heads near the Lake House. From Jack of Clubs TO BUKNS^ CKEEK 9 From thence pass over the Three Ridges TO NELSON'S CREEK 6 From Nelson's TO WILLOWS CREEK 4 cf So little is known of the country directly to the north of the present Cariboo mines, that to this day it is a matter of doubt whether Antler creek is tributary to Bear river or Willows creek, and the same is true of Grouse creek. Both run northwardly and discharge their waters into almost impenetrable — because densely timbered — swamps. William's, Jack of Clubs, Burns' and Nelson's creeks, all of which have pro'^'cd. rich, with several others not yet prospected, are all tributaries of Wil- lows creek ; wliilst Van Winkle, Chisolm,Last Chance, Dnvis, Peters, Louhie and other creeks lower down and never yet prospected, are tributaries of Lightning creek.. And now, after nearly a three years' experience in Cariboo, sometimes wielding the pick and shovel, but for the most part guiding the sometimes stubborn, but always patient mule, over mountaui snows and dec]) morass, you would like perhaps to know just what I ROUTE TO CARIJJOO. 11 • k • for 10 • « • and 12 • • • ect, hat kic 5 nee the 9 e north '^ it is a tarj^ to true of (^'harrre Icnsely slson's ioveral P Wil- dance, (lown lining ice in 1, hut 1, hut (Ice)) lat [ think of it, as a gold producing country, and the chances for securing a fortune in it, from mining. The extent of the mining country known even now as Carihoo, has been greatly underrated ; very many have limited it to forty or iifty s([uare miles. Tlie fact is, it is over forty miles in extent from north to south, and as many miles, or more, from east to west, and this alone gives an area of one hundred and sixty square miles, instead of only forty. No one can deny the probability that equally rich diggings to any yet discovered, will be opened out as soon as the remain- ing, as well as adjoining, untouched ravines, creeks and rivers' beds shall have been prospected. I believe it to be a vastly rich gold field ; but with one of the most inhospitable and rigorous climates in wnich man ever dug for gold, with about five chances against, to one in favor, of making a fortune. Too many persons go to Cariboo with entirely mis- taken notions of the difficulties to be encountered; they will not believe one-half that is told them of the fatigues of the journey or the labor necessary to open out successfully a paying claim ; they base their calcu- lations too much upon previous experience in Califor- nia or elsewhere, which will not apply to the gold fields of Cariboo. No man going there should expect to make much more than expenses the first season, unless he is able to buy into a good paying claim at once. Tlic cost of prospecting for a claim is often- times enormous, on account of the high price of pro- visions and supplies of every kind. You cannot take a mule, pack him with "grub," tools and blankets, and start off on a two or three weeks' prospecting tour, as in California. The extreme roughness of the hill lands, and quagmire condition of the low country, ab- solutely forbid it. A great deal of the country is so densely timbered that even grass cannot grow in suf- ficient abundance to maintain animals, at the same time that it presents almost an imj)enetrable barrier to progress. But even these obstacles might he in a measure i t ■ I» ROUTE TO CARIBOO. overcome, and the mines more rapidly developed, but for the extreme shortness of the season. Four months is the lonp!:est term of surface mining that can he hoped for, and during that short period a great deal of the time drenching rains are falling and flooding every- thing around you — mining claim, camping grounds, tents — nothing escapes the constant soaking; so that if you succeed against all these drawbacks, in hunting up, prospecting and fairly opening out a good claim, ready for the second season's successful operations, you may consider yourself fortunate. That mining will be more generally successful in the Cariboo country after better roads shall have been opened up and living becomes cheaper, there is no doubt, because the gold is there and will never be let alone. My opinion is, that extremely rich hill or deep diggings will soon be found all through the Cariboo country, and many of these will doubtless give winter as well as summer employment to thousands. I have seen the steady progress of the gold seeker northward, and yet further north, from the lowermost bar on Eraser river to the extreme of Cariboo. I have visited again and again nearly every gulch and ravine where a camp of miners have located, from Fort Yale on the south to the present northern limit of explora- tion where pack animals could be got through, and without animals, have penetrated more than seventy miles still further north and east, and my opinion is, that Bear river and its hundreds of tributaries will be found another Cariboo, in the extent and richness of its gold deposits; but only to be developed by the same slow progress that has characterized the move- ments of the mining adventurer northward from the gold producing bars of the lower Fraser, for the past four years. The country and climate together are so forbidding, that the progress of the prospector onward must necessarily be slow. In regard to the proper time for starting for Cari- boo, no advice that I can give will avail anything, be- cause advice will not be heeded. Every man seems det tui tnl sei ROUTE TO OAKlJiOO. 13 3d, but nonths Iioped of the Gvery- 'Unds, !o that nting elairn, you in the been is no t)e let •deep riboo nnter eeker most have I vine Yale lora- and enty 1 is', I be IS of the )ve- the ►ast i so ird iri- be- ns determined to be a little ahead of liis fellow adven- turer, and so rushes on, rco;ardless of real faets and trutiiful evidence that ought to be sulRcient to teach sensible men better. Even now, March second, there are hundreds here at Victoria, and alonj:;' the route between here and Cayoosh Flat, who are now satlsllcd that they are all of two months too early, the first of May being soon enough to leave Victoria. The past winter has been one of unusual severity throughout the entire Fraser river country. A greater depth of snow than for years before, now covers the ground, and renders transit, ex- cept upon snow shoes, next to impossible ; and unless we get unusually early, warm rains, the opening of the mining season promises to be all of a month later than usual. I do not propose to tell the California miner what he needs to make himself comfortable on the way, or after he gets there ; he is presumed to know, or thinks he knows, better than anv one else can tell him. I will only say, tliat he had better make his calculations for a decidedly rainy time throughout the whole of the summer and mining season, instead of the almost total absence of rain as in the mining regions of California. I have often been asked, "Did you ever see a Cari- boo r' and, ** What khid of an animal is it V During the three years that 1 have traversed the Cariboo coun- try, as well as the adjoining country for sixty or sev- enty miles to the west, north and east, I have never seen a Cariboo, though I have often seen the "Ele- phant " of thr.t country. The best evidence to be ob- tained in the country, from those who have often seen the animal, and apart from the opinion of naturalists who have made mention of it, is that it is a kind of mongrel Reindeer ; the form of its antlers, which aro often found, are certain evidence that it is neither the Elk or Stag. There is no reliance to be placed upon game in Car- iboo as a means of subsistence. Grouse are, in a few places, abundant, and fish are quite plentiful in the -« i 1 14 KOUTE TO CARIBOO. lakes that are not alkaline ; wild fowls are to some ex- tent procurable along the swamps, marshy and lake lands, but as a whole, the game of the country is hard- ly worth the time required to capture it. There are no venomous reptiles in Cariboo. (commending the foregoing to the careful considera- tion of the adventurer, as my honest opinion of the country and its approachable routes, their advantages and disadvantages, I leave him to form his own opin- ion of his chances for a fortune, or a return with nothing more than having obtained a tolerably fair view of the " Elephant " of Cariboo. m'' some ex- and lake 7 is luird- Jicre are onsidcra- n of the v^Huta^es ^ri opin- rn with ably fair THE NEZ PEACES y AND SALMON RIVER GOLD FIELDS. The publisher of this hand-book takes pleasure in layiuL, before its readers a portion of a letter, which explains itself, as the only introduction necessary to this part of tlje wcrk. Wallula City, Jan. 18th, 1862. A. RosENFiELD — Dea?' Sir: Yours of December 4th came to hand a few days since. You desire my opinion of the success likely to attend a well conducted branch of your San Erancisco establishment in some part of the Nez Forces mining country, and connecting the same with a Letter and perhaps general Express business. Also, my candid judgment in reference to the Nez Perces gold mines, their probable extent, rich- ness, accessibility, &c., &c. ^ T? TV ^ W 'wF I believe at Lewiston, a new city of that name, at the forks of the Snake and Clearwater rivers, and the head of navigation, wouhl 1)0 an excellent point to establish your business ; I mean a general News, Book and Stationery Store, to which I think you might add with profit, the buying of gold dust for shipment. I think Lewiston would be preferable to this place. There are already as many Expicss comjianies here, and Ex I tress aiients, as are needed to do the present 16 NEZ PERCES AND SALMON RIVEIt MINES. I 111 business of the country. Between Portland and Lew- iston, Messrs. Tracy & Co. are running a re<:^ular Ex- press, with facilities fully equal to the present as well as prospective wants of the country for some time to come. From Lewiston to Oro Fino, Elk City and the Sal- mon river mines, Mossman & Miller and Cady & Co. send their Express agents regularly, for the conveyance of letters and treasure. It would require experience and time and some acquaintance with the country, to compete successfully with these already well known and reliable companies. Two years in the mining districts of this region, will enable me to give you a reliable, if not an interesting account of them, which I will now endeavor to do. ^ ^ ^ v\^ 4JU ^ ^ nv- "TV "TV "TV* nv Truly yours, T. R. OLNEY. I u ROUTES AND DISTANCES T O TH B SALMON RIVER GOLD MINES. The best route by which to reach the Ncz Perces and Salmon river gold fields, depends entirely upon the point of departure, or where a man is, when ready to start. Thus, your humble servant, instead of start- ing from San Francisco and taking the usual route from thence, via Portland and up the Columbia river, lias never yet seen tlie city of Portland, or, indeed, the Columbia river, except so far as the Snake makes one of the main branches of that river. My starting point for the mines was Salt Lake City, thence by the way of Raft river to Snake river, and down the Snake to the Nez Perces country ; and not only was it a very direct route, but an inexpensive one, in all except time, as compared with the route from San Francisco. I pro- pose to give you a short description of the trip, and then take up the points you desire me more particularly to enlarge upon. . As one of a company of eight men, I left Salt Lake City on the third of Juno, 1860, for a pros])ecting tour to the Salmon river country, having heard marvelous ytories of gold deposits on the upper tributaries of that river. We took with us twelve mules, well packed with provisions, mining implements and camp equip- ;>ge, and started for Snake river, the great southern tributary of the Columbia. 18 UOUTES AND DISTANCES. ROUTK C^ROM 8 ALT I^AKE CITIT. From Salt Lakci City, along the old Califor- nia enii<;Tant road to its junction with Subt- Ictt's c'ut-olF, near City rocks, to a branch of MILES. KAFT KIVER 160 This distance we made in eight and a half days. Thence down Raft river and valley TO SNAKE KIVEll \., 32 Down Snake river along the west bank TO CROSSING 66 From thence along the eastern bank and val- ley TO FORT BOISE 45 Here we made head-quarters for more than a month, prospecting on Reid's, Payette's, Owyhee and Malheur rivers, on all of which we found gold, and in several places could have made big wages, but for the mean, thieving and decidedly hostile bands of Snake Indians, which we found altogether too nu- merous for the safety of ourselves on all the principal tributaries of the maiii Snake river. Crossing the river to the west bank near Fort Boise, and keeping near the river along the Oregon emigrant road to where it LEAVES THE RIVER 40 Here the road makes oft in a north-westerly course, more directly towards Walla Walla. We kept down the valley of the Snake to the mouth of SALMON RIVER 110 Here we intended to prospect for the remain- der of the season, but were most emphatically forbidden and really deterred from either ascending the river or prosjjccting its bars; and such were the constant annoyances from the Indians, we were glad to get out of their eouiilrv, witii no olhir loss than nearlv half 1 i ROUTES AND DISTANCES. 19 'alifor- Subt- ich of MILES. 160 a lialf lley 32 66 cl val- 45 •lan a !tte's, vhieli L'Ollld lean, nake > nu- [ the iver. near loiiir .. 40 ;erly alia, the .. . 110 kain- Illy :her irs ; oni leir jalf our mules. From the mouth of the Salmon ft to Lcwiston, at the mouth of CLEAR WA^rEU RIVER 55 Wliole distance from Salt Lake City to Lew- iston, five hundred and ei<^ht miles. uoute: Fito:»i san fk aivcis<;o, via pokt- The distances on this route from Portland to Walla Walla city, I take from published tables of distances, and not from any knowl- edge I have of the route. From San Francisco, by ocean steamer, to Portland ; thence by river steamer TO THE DALLES 100 Over the Dalles portage BY STAGE 15 Now by steamer again TO OLD FORT WALLA WALLA 120 During seasons of high water, steamers make regular trips from Walla Walla around up TO LEWISTON 150 From Old Fort Walla Walla there is a good road and regular stage route to New Fort Walla Walla ; this place is here more com- monly called WALLA WALLA CITY 30 From Walla Walla City a good stage road and stages TO LEWISTON..... 84 All along between Walla Walla City and Lew- iston are numerous houses of entertainment, making it easy of transit for men or pack ani- mals. Lewiston is at the head of steam naviga- tion on Snake river, and its nearness to the difterent mining localities on Clearwater, Sal- mon and Powder rivers, will continue it what it now is, a place of growing importance ; for already it is quite a thriving city, the head- quarters of traders, miners and packers. \k 20 KOIJTKS ANJD DISTANCES. Before I start out for tlic mines, let mc gpeak a mo- ment of the country \vc are in, and its native inhabit- ants. Lewiston and vicinity is pjirt of a Ncz IVrces Indian reservation. Indinns and lialf-hreeds are nu- merous, hut friendly, or wouhl i)e if ])ro|)erlj treated hytl len' w iiite visitors. Some of the Nez Perces trihe havin<;' mixed with the Snake Indians, are tlie occu- pants of a kind of middle ground on the north hank of the Salmon river; these arc not as kindly disposed towards tlic whites as are the more northerly Nez Per- ces ; nor arc they as hostile as the Snjdvcs, who o(!cupy the whole upper Snake river country, on both sides of the river and on all its tributaries, down to and inclu('- infx both banks of the Salmon river. These Indians are quite numerous, own considerable bands of cattle and horses, and cultivate the soil to some extent in a few localities. There is every evi- dcnce that they know of the existence of rich gold de- posits on the upper Salmon ; for though their own peoi)le are forbidden to expose its locality, or even to procure it in any considerable quantity, for fear of ex- citing the cupidity of the whites, yet not unfrequently an indiscreet one or more among them will otf'er gold in surprising quantity, always insisting that it is to be had with l)ut little more trouble than the picking up and separating from about the same quantity of sand or gravel. As a people, the Snakes arc always in bad humor with the whites. They say — and with a good deal of truth — " When the white man comes into Indian country to dig gold, Indians all die off." No serious disturbance has as yet occurred, as a consequence of the encroachment of the Salmon river miners thus far upon the lands of the Snakes ; but I should not be surprised were an outbreak to occur at any moment. I do not speak thus to deter any one from coming here, but only as my opinion of what I believe will result from causes that are operating snrely, and which can- not be prevented or long delayea ; because, as certainly as there is gold there, the miner is bound to have it. I an( fori easi Hvill 8U| i I \ mk a 1110- c inhal)it- L'z IV'rces Is an; nii- \y treated rees irihe the ueeii- rtli hank (lisjioscd Nez Per- lO oeeupv 1 sides of d ineliK'- siderable 13 soil to very evi- gold de- leir own even to ir of ex- cquently fer gold : is to be 'king- up of sand humor [ deal of Indian serious lenee of thus far not be loment. ig here, I result 2h can- )rtainly lave it, UOUTE8 AND DISTANCES. 21 and will — it l)einpj only a matter of time ; and there- fore the more tliere are come, and the sooner, the casiei and (juicker the eoniiuest ; for, call it what you Avill — fate, or destiny — they must give way before the Buj)erior raec. Tin: liOUTKS TO OKO FIXO. There are two roads leading from Lcwiston to the Oro Fino diiigings ; both are good wagon roads for the greater part of the way at the proper season, and good pack roads at all seasons when there is not too great a depth of snow. The route along the north bank of Clearwater is a few miles the shortest, but on no other account is to be preferred to the south route. From Lewiston, l)y the north route, which lies along the nortli bank of Clearwa- ter river, the distance to Oro Fino City is but seventy-nine miles. The road is good for wagons with the exception of the last twenty miles, which is mountainous. There is plenty of timlier and water along the route, and grass for animals at the proper season. There are a few way stations and good places to camp all the way. I will note the most im- portant points. From Lewiston cross to the north bank, then eastward Iv, over a good road, TO BASKET CREEK 12 Thence along the river again, fine road TO CAMP CREEK 9 Now a fine road again TO NORTH FORK OF CLEARWATER... 12 Ford the Fork, and thence along the river and foothills TO FORD'S STATION.... 12 From Ford's there arc two trails to Oro Fino City. By the south route, cross Oro Fino creek and follow up the Clearwater 22 ROUTES AND DISTANCES. TO BELLAS FERKY 6 Now a good road till nearly reaching ORO FINO CITY .* 28 There is not three miles difference between tl)e north and south rout s from Ford's to Oro Fino Citv ; but by the north route you cross Quartz and Canal creeks and reach Pierce City three miles before you "Ct to Oro Fino. Whole distance from Lewiston to Oro Fino by river route, seyenty-nine miles. As there is much the largest amount of wagon trayel on the south route from Lewis- ton to Oro lino, I will giyc distances. From Lewiston you take v south-easterly direction TO CRAIG'S STATION 15 From Craig's, a good road again eastwardly TO BURNS' STATION * 16 From the vicinity of Burns', several routes diverge to different points on Clearwater, as well as Salmon river. Taking the Oro Fino route, the distance is, TO BELLS FERRY 25 There is a shorter trail between Craig's and Bell's ferry, crossing Cafion creek to the north of Burns', but it is only available to packers and footmen carrying their own provisions. I have already given the distance from Bell's to Oro Fino. Whole distance from Lewiston to Oro Fmo by the south route, eighty-four miles. From Burns' station there is ii good road direct TO LAWYER'S CROSSING .30 This is on the Clearwater, some seventeen miles above Bell's ferrv, and on the most di- rcct route to, and distant from ^LK CITY 70 B ^ •.. "% i ROUTES AND DISTANCES. 23 6 28 15 16 25 % . . . 30 cen di- . .. 70 Elk City is at the forks of the American and Red rivers, and these, with Buffalo, Rodney's and BUiir's creeks, help to form the South Fork of the Clearwater. During the last summer rich di^. COST OF TRIP. The cost must depend entirely upon the habits or inclination of the man ; for whilst one would require three hundred dollars, an'other would get along just as well, or well enough, for two hundred ; even one hun- dred and fifty dollars will take a man through tolera- w ■Jv 30 ROUTES AND DISTANCES. bly well, if he meets with no miphap or delay on the way. So that three hundred dollars may be put down as the very least that any one should think of starting with, as this would barely enable him to get back again, should he be unsuccessful, and even then ho would have to squeeze, both ways. If you have four hundred dollars, you are all right, whilst five hundred makes a man feel strong and good, as though he was proof against any ordinary ill luck that might befall him, and gives him means to move about and prospect for a claim, in case he strikes upon nothing soon after reaching the mining country. And yet, after all, if there is any one thing a man can safely do, after he has procured his entire outfit for the trip, and do it with entire satisfaction to himself, and can do it, is, to put another extra one or two hundred dollars in his pocket ; it cannot come amiss, unless he happens to get robbed of it. " WHERE TO PEOCURE OUTFIT. Although the miner can procure anything that he may require of food, clothing or mining tools, either at Portland or Lewiston, or even in the mines, yet every mile that he moves from Portland towards Lew- iston or the mineSj adds to the cost of everything, and in a wonderfully increased ratio ; I say this from knowledge gained by experience ; my occupation, that of trader and packer, enables me to judge correctly; so that the sooner the miner can procure his supplies and have them put into snug packages and pay a fair freight upon them to Lewiston or through to the mines, the more money he will save. TIME FOR STARTING. ^ " My remarks on this head are not intended for crazy men, or those who, reckless of advice, rush on, think- ing to gain much by being first in the field ; but to those who are willing to be advised, hoping to be pro- fited by it. Af/ S] d o e^ e^ n( b( m w cif m Pc ju( it ho to ROUTES AND DISTANCES. 31 I The last two winters were far more mild, with less snow, than the present, and then the mining season did not open in the Nez Perces mines till the middle of June, and as the present is the most severe season ever experienced here, and the Salmon river mines even more elevated than the Oro Fino mines, there is not a hope that profitable mining will commence there before the first or middle of June ; but even though mining could be done to some extent before that, it will be impossible sooner to get supplies through. It is evident, therefore, that to start from San Fran- cisco before the middle of May, is only time and money thrown away. And now, having given my real opinion of the Nez Perces and Salmon river gold fields, with my best judgment of distances from actual travel, I shall leave it with you to publish or not as you may think best, hoping that if published, you will be careful to avoid typographical errors, particularly in figures relating to distances. T. R. OLNEY. To A. ROSENFIELD. WP VOCABULARY OF THE CHINOOK JARGON. . ■"sT Chinook — Enfflisk. Nika I Mika You Klusker They MeBiker You (])luml) Teiiass man A boy Cliaco Come Momook Work Klaawa Go Kar AVliere Yawa Here Alta At present Alke Afterwards Illilie Land Ahyak Quick Siva Distance Klasker Who Klosh Good Laport Door Konaway All Sun Day ^- Poolakly Night Tenas sun Morning Sitkum sun Noon Kakwa The same Yoolkhut Long Hy-you Plenty Sockally High Pilton Fool Tekoi)e White Pill Ked Klayl Bhick L(}tete Head Laposh Moutli Leeda Teeth Lelang Tongue Seca-hoose Face Leni^i The hand Yaksoot Hair Lareh Barley Lepoah Peas Wapito Potatoes Ledowo Turnips Lekarrot Lesonion Kabbage Klapite Thread IMoola Saw mill Percece Blanket Kamo( >sack Beads Poolally Powder Kula-kulla Birds Musket A gun Ninamox Otter Ena Beaver Quanice Whale Carrots Onions Cabbage k \ VOCABULARY OF THE CHINOOK JAROON. IS ^ t Yuiceco Porpoine Oluck Snake Soolee Mouse Skad Mole Lelo Wolf PiHli-pish Cat Kuitan A horse Moos-moos A cow Lamuto Sheep Naniox A dog Knshaw A hog Kimta Behind Shetsham Swim Seeapoose Cap Leshawl A shawl P And Wichat Also Dly tiu)80 Hay Dly Dry Tum-tum Heart Comb Comb Koory Run Pilpil Blood Lesap Egg People Hen Lecook Rooster Lapell Spade Lapiosge Hoe Leglow Nail Lake Lake Laehaise Chair Kettle A pot Oskan A cup Lope Rope Silux Angry Shartj Sing Mercie Thanks Kinoose Tobacco Chee New Sunday Sunday Pooh Shoot Lolo To carry Klawa Slow Wagh To spill Inti Across Leprate Priest Lejob Devil Ka])o A relation Lepied Foot Tee-owitt Lt'g Yachoot Belly Spose If Delate Straight SeepV Crookeil Tolo Win Kow Tie Klack Untie Yaka He Neaika We Man Man Klootchman Woman Chuck Water Lum Rum Patle Full Datlamb Drunk Boston American Pesioux French Malo None Husatchy Bad Tvhee Chief Elitee Slave Ou Brother Ats Sister Kapswalla Steal Ipsoot Secret Patlatch Give Iscum Take W^ake No Nowitka Yes Seokum Strong Six Friend Ikta What Pechuck Green Lemoro Wild Daselle Saddle Sitlii Stirrup Lesibro Sjjurs Kolan Ear Klapp To find Kull Tough, hard 14 VOCABULARY OP TUB CHINOOK JARGON. Liil)ull}i The buck SuplcMl VV^heat Pile K!ii)l(*(l Hread LabiHcuit HiHciiit Lavveeii OatH Ij'ive Uice Saifwa Sugar Soap Soap JMolaHH MoUiHsea Stick hIiocs Slioes Skin hIjooh (xleece Pire Skullapoeii ^lemoloose Aetwljoot ^lowitch Mocfanins Candle A ride Kill Bear Deer Cuitchaddy Kabbit Skubbyyou Skunk Olikliiyou Seal Yakolla Eagle AVaugh-wangli Owl Skakairk Hawk Mank Duck Suiockuiock Grouse jNIalaekua Musquito Swaawa Panther Skndzo A squirrel Enpooy Jjice Lesway Silk Lalopa Ribbons Kapo Coat SicKilox Pantaloons Shirt Shirt Aekik A 11 sh book TouV>8h Milk Snass Rain Pitliick Thick , Snow Snow Lehash An axe Laleem File C) psu A knife Leklee Keys Pillom A Broom Lakutchee Clams Lacassett A trunk Laugh Tuniolitch A barrel ()j)kan A basket Ijepla A plate Latuble A table Laqueen A saw Moosum Sleep CU>ld llliiie Winter Warm Illiiie Summer Cold A year Ke waaj) A hole Zum Write Klemenwhit False Klonass Don't know Quass Fear, afraid Olally Berries Tzae Sweet Tumalla To-morrow Hee-hee INIoon Moon Klakeece Stars How Listen, attend Sil-sil Buttons Lapeep Pipe Akaepooit Needle Tin-tin jMusic Tance Dance Opootch Tail Etlinwill Ribs Ikt stick A yard Elp First Claystone Coal Lesack A bag Newha How is it Tenass Klootchman A girl Tenass A child, and any- thing small /' Wawa Language , to speak jNIamook Chaco Bring Muck-muck Anything good to eat Pire-chuck. Ardent spirits of any kind King Greorge. English, Scotch or Irish Laplosh A shingle or plank y \ \ VOCAIILLARY OF THE CHINOOK JARGON. 36 \ V / ft ill ■y- ak od •its h, Ink Wake iiikn Imntiix I d ) not uiiderHtsiiul OilieH Ssindvvicli iHluiider lIyat»H Ljir^e or very Till Heavy or tired I^!i/-y Slow or lazy ManioolxipHoot T() conceal llalliick Laport Open the door Ikpooy Luport, Shut the door Klakany Out of doors Midliyht Sit down, put down, or ntay Mid whit Stand up, get up, or move Sitkuui jNliddle or half TenaB Poolakly Sunset or dunk Cookshut Fight, break, injure, etc. W a K e rsko k y ni Weak Wakekonsick Never Kunitux UuderHtand Tikke Want, dewire, etc. Ikta niika tiklvij AVhat O.o you want OfvOiih This or that Wake ikta nika tikke I do not want anything Sow wash Indian, Savage Ankuty Long ago Lay-lay A long time Konsick How much Mokook Buy or sell Kultis Nothing gratis Kapitt Finish, Stop Kapitt wawa Hold your tongue Nanitch Look, to see Sockally Tyhee The Al- mighty Keekwully Deep, beneath Quonisum Always Sick Unwell, ill, sick, etc. Lecreme Cream color Leky Spotted, or piebald Oio Hungry or thii'sly Lapushmo Saddle Blanket Chick chick A wagon or cart Kull-kull stick Oak Laplash stick Cedar Legum stick Pine Klemansa pel Flour Sale Cotton or calico Kaniiu Conoe or boat Klackan A fence, field Kali don Lead or shot Chickaman Metals of all kinds Chickaman shoes Horse shoes Tanass JMusket A pistol JMoolack or ]M<;o.s Elk Salmon or sailo-wejk Sal- mon TanjiHs Salmon Trout Lemule or Hyaskolon Mule ]\[an Moos-moos An ox Tanass Moos-moos A calf Henkerchim Handkerchief Coat A Avo man's gown Keekwully coat A petti- coat Keekwully Sickilox Draw- ers Hachr on House A house Kata Why, or what is the matter Whaah (Exclaruation of astonishment) Indeed Abba Well then, or, if that is the case Luckwulla A nut Tupsu Grass or straw Hoey-hoey Exchange Tootosh gleece Butter Kquttilt To collapse Glass A loking glass or i 36 VOCABULARY OP THE CHINOOK JAROON. window Koory kuitaii A race horse Tanass Lakutchee Mussels Koppa From toward, &c. Clutch Grandmother Kia-howya How are you, or poor, pitiful Lapooelle Frying pan Appola A roast of any- ttiing Quis-quis A straw mat Makook house A store Katsuck Midday, between Oloman An old man, or worn out Lemaci An old woman Hyass Sunday Christmas day and the* 4th of July Pisheck Bad, exhausted Paper Paper, books, &c. Zum seealihoose Paint de face. Pire Olally Eipe berries Cold olally Cranberries Fill olally Strawberries Lapiaege A trap ov snare Miami Down tne stream, below Machlay Towards the land Staetijay Island Aalloyma Another or diff- erent Hee-lee-lema, Gamble Killapie Return or capsize Kloch-klock Oysters Lawoolitch A hottle Annah Exclamation of as- tonishment Sick turn tum Regret, sor- row Kooy-kooy Finger rings Ilrowlkult Stubborn, de- termined Tickaerchy Although Tamanawas Wiichcraft Owaykeet A road Ikt 1 Mox 2 Klone 3 Locket 4 Quinum 5 Tahum 6 Sinimox 7 Sotkin 8 Quies 9 » Tatilum 10 Tatilum pi ikt 11 Tatilu .n pi mox 12 Tatilum tatilum ou ikt Takamonak 100 Ikt hyass Takamonak 1,000 Stcw'ibelow North Steg\i^aak South Sun chako East Sun midlight West \ 1 1 ' Sw ■Pi WeUs, FargQ:& Clo's X X FOR THB Salmon Eiver Mines. \ 1 t WE ARE PREPARED TO Eeceive and Forward Letters, Packages, Parcels and Treasure, To and from all points in the Salmon River and Nez Perces Mining Districts.- ESTABLISHED AGENCIES At all the Principal Points and will have responsible Messengers on all the routes. WELLS, FAB&O & 00. Sam Fbamcisco, Mafoh, 1862. I fr A ':H \i f i I.-; r MUSIC! MUSrC! ■USiC! itumTsiiirrti S. 8. S. ROMAN VIOLIN AND GUITAR STRINCS, Wabranted the Best, and sold in quan- tities to suit, at ' Koltler's Cfreat Hmi^e Importinf^ Hoii^» S4ITF *\NCISCO, CAL. MAPS, CHARTS, ATLASES, &c. A FULL SUPPLT OP MAPS AND ATLASES IS CONSTANTLY BF.PT ON HAND NEW MAPS arrW ^- f ^y each Steamer of the most recent date. iTa^« Maps, showing the Position of the Army, constantly arriving. School Apparatus mni Sehovi Merchandise forjsjaie. SOS MoRlgomeiy Sty I^^m i)« 2, San Fraofiseo. W. holt; Ag«&t for J. H. COLTON m V7 '