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W^ ' •■ -^ -»v ;l 'a •■1^ ■"-3''- ■; - '■ ■- ?'7iH:i DOMINION OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE Garden Making on Vacant Lots AND THE HOME VEGETABLE GARDEN By W. T. MACOUN, Dominion Horticulturist CIRCULAR No. 13 Published by direction of Hon.MARTIN BURRELL. Minister of Agriculture. Ottawa, Ont. 10594—1 FKBRUARY, 1017 ml r GARDEN MAKING ON VACANT LOTS ANI> TH« HOME VEGETABLE GARDEN H.v W. T. Mm., I N, Domliihm llorticulluri»t. can So „.uch ,f U ey will a T.l^iL'i n'^T, '"'"' * '"* """ »* P^'^""'"^'! "> '»>" Cana.lian. an,l tow.M wit .vacant ian 1 ZuMrnniTd'T'''""'''"^ "' \r«';"''''"^ '•■^•">"''^" '"<'""' tl..- prowins of .o,M.. k J v,^;r,;S Hv"". w''' *''"»':"„"'7 «-«" "Hli7... it for t lis food, which wo„l.i oth.TwiKo have "en 1 oLI t .^M r'K'''"^:^'« /"' '"^''" '""'"' «"<■• If tw,.nt.v.five .lollnra i.M saved in thrfoo>r„PP ,,,» ' ' ''.t,''^'"'»f''c '"r someone else. ' '"wtaf'/r/ff "/ ?' '^f -"^■ri"/f"r'i"rk'':f''f„;;;r ""' •="'" "'°'^- *""-""'>• -- w„ ^tlu'ed Ir'ot'u ;;:.«i?';::,r[;;,rt:":;r """*;^'r« "'«" •"- -'-^ have ^J.^n than if they a. hou«J! ^^.fi'll^^^^^^^r /^'^ ^Jjl^^/^'e^St^li:^] ..ut^;:i;'^Ll::;;;!:\.!;;;a';/l!i::i:}jti:rtKs"^l'^ " !v^^ ""'-^ -*-»• Idle, and if i. to encouraKe thi-orZ zat n f . »«"l o/. vacant land which is lying throughput Cnada for the ut izaZ^ f v • ,, ot, Zf'°''' '", r'"'" "'"1 '"*"« obtained in Toronto. Ottawa. Regina a„'d Calgary': re hirewilh'givln " '''""" "'""'^ TORONTO VACANT LOTS CULTIVATION ASSOCIATION (INCORP) IN CO OPERATION WITH THE ROTARY CLUB. "''""'^■' "* °°- was done. t:,e folfowing par iculars nTc/rd to L°r"''\^ "".""F^ ^■*"'''' "»■ «'""' should prove useful to' t'liose contem , S uch w-^k '/n mT'^Th''' -""r "' ?.'"'"r'l been fum- ed 1 v the secretary. Mr. Geo Haldwin information hag ' M/vatLrsTarl°d'tf«"'ir'*/'"" '^'^^"'"'"t'"" ""d the Toronto Rotary viee,,r.:sidents.'^"s^c;^ a^r-^l^l^SrSSlinl" "r'^"""''' '^'l'^"- ^ ^-'"™t. " details of the work being V^ to th';Z'"I;"*„^ ''--tors. The kept up by voluntary contributions The assocHtinn fir=* •. J'"" "■''■''ocwtion is from puhlic spirited citizens who are w llfn^Toh^vMhe WleZnH ' ^Y. ^'»'-»"*/i'y !"♦« use. The land is then ploughed harrowed nm ^n^!! r '""d put to such deserving being that for the see,! which is ol nine nt whllZ^ ' ''"'.v'^'^ ""'>' ""''"^S'" """!« nmch cheaper than if thev .ou,"h i tem^elve The"'s'; "j" '"'-''"'''''P *^e"ing it manuring, ploughing, harr'owing. etc in a 11 00^ snriL ^ "'•' .^T'"".*™'^« »>"■ UK^r^plots that they desire. I ^^'^l-^^^ t^e^I^^^L't^k^t^^^eSr/^ '1 The?sHZntaeo7\i;i Sk^' Sw™ fZ^e 'J^the^fr"^ 'l^^ ^^ »^•"••"• $52.70, $48, $70.65 and $59.10 Tl ere are from 4 Z to 5 m^ ?n ' ^'»\* '^' ^'^V'"' »^-'«'- A detailed statement of the ^lu^of pro luVTsoM f™„^^^^^^^^^ " ?'?,'• Potatoes, $10; carrots, $.5: cabbage $4 1 .ets «°, K„ol= ?- ^'"^l '" ^" follows: In Club V. after i' warran betweei associatu 1 Card (Muad to Plot Holdtrt. hold"*'^ *'" '"' '"""' " "''''^ °' "" P'''"''"'* '"^"•'f "n o <•"' I •'"•ucil to each plot (>hoiM Junr 741. Tiirnnto Viicanf I^-ou Oultlvntinn Aaxorlatlon (Itic^rp.) Ill <'o-o|ii'riitlon wlih Thf Itotary Cluli of Toronto. Oio. OAUiWiN. P.UH.H, Sirrrinry nn.l Superlnten.lml, offlcH, TiiS iKivt'rroui't ll»»ml. Thl« la to certify that AdilrcM ^„, j^^„ irrnnti'd the uie of I..ot No Th.i"..* ,*?,"". "r '■"'*'; »'"'. "•""'•■"I""" of th.. Toronto Vnrnnt l»t» Cultivation Amho. finn. ThiH rar.l 1. to W unert for Irtentm.ation pmy,-^-^. anil mu.l I... i-nrrlrd by the own.., iin,l •hown on n.iurxi to the police, and any per.ons a«,l^...l to prote.-t the prop/rtl.-, Toront.i Vacant Lota Cultivation Aaaorlatlon (Incorp.l I'lr HhTupant'K niKiiiituri"). On til.. Iiack if till' i-unl Ih printe.l tlii> foi!..«in'.':— KILES. - ' l'"^'';",'^ »" Pultiviitp any (.-ar.l.n ...hall not l.o traii^f..rr.->J wiiKli t 11 .\.--(i(.jatii.n hoUlH tlip lamls nam..|v. ten .lav.V noticr U\. s!i,I:';in,;n.l..n,'''"'''' "'""" '" •■"■'•'•"' "» ""• 8"^J""^ ""'"- ''y I.^T.ni.,ion of *• 'wh',!;;!f'':oM or";!or" '" " """'' "• ''"• ^"^^^ "' ""• ^'■^''"" <" "" """^ «---= "■sS-;;j;!;ide;;r!;n,n!;;i!r.''^ """"' ""'^^ "•■'"' "'^ "••* "•'•■-- "• ^'- •"«- "^ f- '■ ''n';hri;!tt;';;;.r' ■;;;::(:„;:!; :;;;:iru.'^;!:;i:;:':^ "■"' "•"" '-"--^ ■""'--'* -'-.i 8. JMiluro to .■onii)lv with .my of thr ahove nil, -. or n-'irh-ot to ohcv tlK" .l:rwtions of gunlen""'"" ^"^ "'"'' ^''"'' '"'''^^*""*' "^ '"'>- '"'"-' "' H"' l-rivilet'.' to u«e the ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH GLEBE GARDENS, OTTAWA, ON.". part ot tl ' pn.|.,.,ty w .,. vry K.iilible for s.'^ir.l,.n plot^. this land havinn been u^cd H.u.,....stu| ly s.„„,. year. pr..v.ou.ly for a n.a,k..t garden. As the land la7l,eenn'rod fo a miinlK^r .,t year, ,t was nee-^sary to break this u,. l,..,\,re lavinVt ■ ground out ..to plo s in order to encourage the prosp..ctive garden.'rs to nti H^.! 1 Tlw/hind was fct'soxl'iTl'V .r'''M- l'^''r "■"' th..n n>e„,b..rs of tl,.. Committee divide.! in?o p«)t- jiixKH) t.'et. Makes W.T.. .Iriven down to mark the boundaries. Hoad- wer.. left, betw..en the d.ffer..nt tu.rs of plots. The plots •.•ere numbered. tluT.- beina 1:1s hi all a „lol' "xb ' hfv",'', ''"' ''"' '"/'"■ <•'"'>' l'"F«'rs invit.ns any citizen of Ottawa to take a plot. The invitaliun was «,a,l.. (;en,.ral as the Commiltc,. was anxious to make a e..n'r'Tl;;;,n!'.'''r ;■',•'''''*'' r"''' ""r ""' "* "" ^•^'^'•"" *■'''» "'"•■ «•""''• '"^ r-^n «ppli- eant-. Th.. umbrr ol applicatmns, however, surpa-s.'d all oxpi.tation- a« 175 iierVus app le.! for the 128 ph.t.s and man.v more were llept from ap/,lyin, beeau:e hel-'k^ew tlure «ere none available, fhe plots w,.re given out as far as po.ssible in ord.'r .,f appli..ation. those applynm fir«t havimj the first choie... The ea-ern.ss to obtain i.U.s w... remarkable Those who obtaiiie.l them were given until Ma v 26th to begi worr \ nu .er did not b,.;;in by that time and th<.ir plots were giv..n 'to oth..rs nfore anxious o oaye th..m. h..y were givn until the middle of June to have at l.-a-st half of tliei^ lots plante.l and ^om.. others who failtnl to do the necessarv work lost their i.lot^ which were pv,.n to ..thns eager to get th..m Hy this system of elimination of the leL«t e ithu-.astie there were very t..w plots wh.re good work was not done. Xotwithstandin- the ditheulty the gardeners nad in controlling the coueh grass which was verv troul e- soM,,., tlu> crops grown on these plots were satisfactory on the wliol... and it is believe.l hat much good was .lone. S,,,,.. of the workers had an abundance of potatoes and oth ■' on'ot!!tIliV'i''.-t now' ' " especially appreciated owing to the high price ^ A patriotic v,.getable competition was made possible by prizes donated by mcmlK^rs of &t. Andrew s church and others, and added very much to the interest of the gardens iJl tlnn. , nri'l o«>n. l:il'. will I... ii;iM.. to A f«w •Kampltt of what wrt grown en th« PloU. riot v::^^"?r" -f'"'' - - :.''n;:;;l..7!::::r;: :n-.!^i,!:'"'^ ' -"--^ - !;• SS:;i 'SS' ^:Eif ^r '""' - '."• "T .1... MM ;. .HI :\':r :::;;,,■/::;;!,:,;'"■''•''*■ "•"-""- "•"■""' p. Jt a;!rr'::;f;:!i::.!:'^' ""■' ■" • • - h - "•• - -.-n,.,.. „, 1. IMotH on whU-h .tiltlvati,,,, |, n..t .onini^n.. ,1 „„ ,„■ )„.|..r.. \| , 1. A r..,.HO„.,...le nmount „f ...r.. Ik . x,.,.,-....! ; „..„.r«,,... th,- ,.1,„. :„„ „,,,,.. „. ..o„„„,,,„,„, Mtici' the flrrit vriir tlir ccKiiriiitti'i. lins ui,,..,! v..i-v liol , til. - pint. „„,i. wiui.. th. M,..,Mi,'r' of „. 1, , V . ;:"v7.r' ,7'"' '■''■'" "'•'" w. ,, „, hol.K.r.. MOW „„„n,r.. ,.,..1 pr-pnr.. tli. , J ■ 1 I V h, ' " 'm " '"'r""' REGINA VACANT LOT GARDENS Leon in.>p..,rmo f t . ,m., . , " ''■'" «row ..N,.wl...ro. ,hri.. In , ... .oil natural to tlii. .listri.., :,n.i ' ,H;i,r ;;;ri:';?,.r';:;o: n.n"^[i:-;;^r;::;;;:rt;:'n;;r£,'z:- hu, pc.a,«.. an., all .in,.- of v,...,a p.,,.,. ..oH j;;t z!i':i..^::,u^:^i:::,c Started in 1912. Active work was coninifn.id in the sprin" of VM:t uinier tli,. <•;,,- l>i Association. U was uphill wo,U ai tir-t .t "e,>tM,',l l.nl t, , . i , "''■",""'■' tl>...n.ov,.n,en.. 1, was'son.e.hin. new. an,. ]\u.;: ^I,^, ' iX^Tl':Ztj^^::Vur prou-et. tome of thos, ori.-inallv i.|e„,i,ie,. with the -o.ven ent hn • ' ev . , e li.'lni. an,, havo steer... th,. .I.stini.s „f the .seh,.nu. until to-d v Fv, n its lr\i, .■n.-ini-s havi^ t,i aeknowl,.,|...e its su.-.-,.ss I'l a,i\ . h\en its f.'r.Mt..st Z d;ltrti;;:!i'x-;,:'"" "■■■^^ ""^" '- -"" -- "■"-'^ - '-^ ..!;:o.:;:;^er^7;;; A Critit ^1 Period. and ali .U. gardeners pr,„i,eU in the pJrd;^::':^ se^i;'-''The'*^n;;r;;:,,:'':a;'[!i:;::;';;^ f-i| i thif «M«on. A tTMtor niimb«r of pMpI* enitaitrd in itnrdwing imd ihr movement xmmed the iTiliciiI KtHK*- mill wa* itlaceit on a giMxl xound bH»j^ The ori>|i of IDU wan a reonril- brviikt-r up tn timt liiii<>. While there were more etiKHffecl in KHnleiiiriu in I!tl5 than in •ny iireviiiuit yeiir the MMiiiin was n iMMir im«. Heavy |riii.t killeil iiiaiiy nl tiie lighter veirelal'leH in the middle of the munmer, and many ciwditionM united to retar he found in profuHion. while from the utandpolnt of (|uantity potiUof« heiol the lint bv- much as [H.ssible, and Vacant Lot Onrdeiiers have 1-. ii encourage.l to ^row (lowers alonu the front of their lots facing on boulevarils and streets. Many of the lots are located in downtown utreetii, on Sixteenth avenue and on car lines." The movement has done wimilers in the way of eradicating noxious wc.is within the liniitR of the city. Vacant lot gardens on Sca.th street on the «it« of the old city hos|>ital grounds, are now pro- ducing some of the finest of vegetjibles, whcrcaH in 11112, it was inifiossible to grow u crop of oats on the same pro|)erty because of the rank growth of thistles. With the success of the movement, the Kxecutive have now been iible to reduce the cost of proiluction to the pro.lucer, and the cost of breaking and preparing the lots by means of a co-operative scheme, is now lower than in any previous season. .\ market for the disposal of products grown on vacant lot gardens was established for one or two seasons and was found to work well. Assistance from the city council was received the first venr but all the money received has since been returned. Two dollars is charged euch"i)lot hohler for breaking up new land and one dollar where land has been broken before. The lots are 25 x 1"0 feet. Reglna's Slogan for 1917. " The Vacant Lot Garden Movement for National Ser\ico " will be the slogan of the Vacant Lot Garden Association for 1917. The association is anxious to make its work this year serve a national purpose, even more than in the past. Those who cultivatola in n ..r.. ...... L'vaiVm;'.'.:^,'":^,''""-',' ■'•;• ••"•»"'"•"'"• «P.^'.ro:::M':.rrt.'.r:' :: T/i^rZ .....I varry th»m Into ,rr« t. Ju.t -o far .. h. .Io..« thl. I. h" r.wanlr.l wm l„* 1 In o ! .■oni.«llon I wi.h toiuy thnt •llli..u«h It hnii tH..t. n..-...«.,y »., rrmlml ..m" fVw „f it, . .,, no on. h.. hn of pr.Aurtlon ". l,^Jv u„ to Ih.. p«ln..«kln» .-..rr an,l In,., .ant laU.ur th., ,„aj....l> „f i,.,, m...S»7. h. v" k?vT^„ ih '^ ul.i vatli.n of the irop. throu«hout the ii«,«on. nn. i» i„ j„„ "Vl«wln« thi> work fr.im a i-nmeiit-rilal »ian.l|>i.li,(. iiuMiik th.> work.r fi.r i.i. i,n,„ 1. 1 .1 ... n ,';'„'„T„*;."r.'' !'"" •"- '■•^'"V"-" -f va.ant l.;,i an,".!,: ,.T,'H,.,Tl.n'. '•.H.T-.^ffl'":'" BS'r'?v?-^ -^^' - =- --= Of r-^hi;.:": i V S S InB whl.-h wrr.. h..|,l In variou. »> hool hou»rr o the .'iVy «n.^ at th^ "■"'t"' -luratlonal f.-ature of the .lul.- «,.rk h ■» a1«o br" . /xtln.l'" through L 1 L ,'.;'■ , T"" .,..„ ™' i'hki,V.'i';;s,? ;?;s """ "■* """•"■"--■"• "" >■»-■ • »i n. i..r 11 CALQARY VACANT LOTS GARDEN CLUB. BulUtIn of Information, 1917. " A blggtr MMon and a battar ona than avar." Hew to Join tha Club. Call at Hfud(|uurter». main floor of City Hull whorp th.. .^4.f.r»t,.rf «iii „«„„.» apphoation. and supply all inforn.at.o,.. lliU-r. will r^'.^iv.* ,.ro„. 7 .^,.,: "''"'" The (lul) has a larRo nu.nlHr of |„t, from whi.'; applirni t- 11 av ^..l, "t mt ,t .. particular lot is desired, it will ...at^rially a.-«.,-t if tl,e lot an.J bloc^ , I Ir «....." and addris.'i of owner are secured beforehand. Mambarahip Faaa. The membership fee is $1. PlontfhinK and discinR coat^ ail r.p.- So ft lot Total cwt or one lot, fi, for two lots. $.-|. A ,Me.nlH.r U limited to U,„ i.u. P ou«hin« u- be the club. ^'" * *"""'■ "^"^ " '"^''"'"■' '"">• ^'« '»- l"t^ " • "■ I' tlu^auir.m of Mambarahip Privllagaa. Ka.h member will receive (1) such (.p.oial u.boLunts on p-v.U, tonln etc as th« club can arrange for, on pregentation of membership cards; (2. all tl„. produce tf hU ots; (.1) free expert advice: (4) the ri^rht to compete for .p;c al gar, .'„ Sg (^'/he benefit of such various advantages as the club may be able to se.ur,. for its members Ragulationa. 1 Members will be expected to clear the lot of any rubbish or le s;e strn.w in readiness for ploughing. 2 Members will be expecte.l to cultivate the lots throughout the season. If weeds are allow.'d to grow the executiv.^ re«erves th.. ri.rbt t,. I»k ami cultivate the lot. This rule will- be rigidly enforced" .rTw^'V^/r^llL^iav' share a lot. but one person must be responsible. 4. Minors may s-cure lots bv their DarnU making application and becoming responsible...'",. Members wishinu' to "use city w„t,.r should make application to the Waterworks Department for special permit fi 1.11 contrary to a city by-law to allow piles of manure to stand on any lot The above information in regard to the Calgary Vacant L 's Gard.-n Club has been kindly furnished by the acting-secretary, Mr. L. U. Fowler. ii 8 METHODS SUGGESTED POE UTIIIZIWG VACANT GEOUND FOE GAEDEN8. f.^ ^'"""' "'" V'P"'"""' *'''"^'' '" '"'''^'■'*1 Oanmiian cities nn.l towns .lurinif tlio na-t IZJlT. .T ""'''•'"*? V'"^^""* •»♦« for Kar.lrn purposes, tlie followini; nu'tho - Trl u^ Ueste.l for tho.se who Imve not yet umlertakeii this work "»ino,i. ur. un . An orRanization .-hoiild he fornie.l, on tlie executive committee of which are at «..HI. two n.en. or wonien. who are enthu.xiastio an.l will he willii ^fo clevote son e tin e to lookms after the preparation of the hirul and the laving out of the i, tV """ 2. ()wn<.rH of jwic-ant Inn, shoul.i he irwite.l to offer such propertv for Kar.len making .f. .\ssun.mK that a fairly lar^-e numl.er of lots have heen offered hv tlHr Zn r«' wiiir''.' w:;k'1?^ '±::t::^ *i'"» ""« "/ t»-^ix avanahie to any .'t»^,' w ^Ti : T.,t. r''t,.!d in this wo'k' '""'' '''""" '•"" "" '■'""^"•^ "' ""^' '-"""unity are .eas,^ ,11. 'a !;;::i^:='\^^^i;rr?L^St'i."i.^^'^«ir'v^;^;; '^Kr^^i^-i- ^^ 5. Th.re are four methods by which fund.s may he rai.-ed to prepare the Inid (a) ly an appeal to wealthy citizens lor contributions I '^' I'.'r. in, l.ni.l. (h) Ify d n. every possdde way. In or.ler that a movement of this khul m ^- ue ,, 'i ; , 1' '■'"'■ ■^>'".l«' '>' "f tl'f civic ollicials it would .see.n desirable r tie org n- ization to have a room m the city or town hall for its meetincs *" (dl l!y .barging each plot h.,l,ler a certain amount, tor preparing the pl.)t f.,r him he last me ho,l is the one which is likely to be the ni!.st\satisfa -t.trv let o< f. r mo- .•ili.'s and towns, an.l is the one recommende.l here munoa i.>r < III.- H.,rk o the sev.;ral organizations in Canada referred to in this bull..ti i as in upi:;r';:;;;;i.^;:r';;e;!i::"'*' '- """"' «"""■'""' ^"*''^-''"- <" •■";' "y-i- "'o';:-./;:^;; BOY SCOUTS CAN HELP. vnc.nU,|js'''''rM?)M.!w,'Vr''° '■'''•■ """'•,'' "\<^»C'>uragiiig gar.len making and the use of the / c fV., M . 1 f vv- '■ ''■"''! r""''"-''*"'* '" ''■•"^ ^y *■'« '""'''ic H..alth Comniitt..e ,f ! nnr ^""""' "^ ^^ '.'"'«■" '" - ti^d";:;^ THE HOME VEGETABLE GARDEN. Tli,.r.- is practically no part of Canada in which tl',.Te are s..ttl..iiwMts where at I .-, f s..me k,n,ls ., v,.g,.tabl..s canimt be grown an.l tb,. great variety .,'",,t.l'|, rt", grow su.-.',.sstiilly ,.ven ill the cMi'st districts is a surpri-,. to nianv l'"^-'"l<- to In.T.' IS ,1 growiiiL' ili'iiiaiul for fresh wi-ll-grown v.".. tables ■in,i' ■■ .-,11 f..- .i ^:n!:{:i;;Si'- '"" "■ '"-"' "^^^^ ^' ^""-'^^ ^- .•'".■■« 'lo'lu ;:^'g;t'a'l,^';:t;/;;i"ii;;; If more vegetabl.- weiv .•••it.'ii there woul.l not b.. til.' saiii.' need for tlm ,.,n..„ „>.. „ siv.. kiM.ls of foo.l. and if tl... v..getabl..s were grown at li<; e th ^s,,vin ' w. 1. ,Zii i to a cmisiilerable sum at the .Mill of th.' year. ''^ 'n„ woul.l amount While this i.s written mainly for the use of a.mateurs. it mav be that the nnrket gardeii.T wi" Imd some inf.irmation that will be of u-e to him " m.irkct Allh.mgh it is not p.,ssible for some ,.ersoiis to grow tbeirown vegelal.l.>s there is a large proportion of the ,,op,ilation wlu. coul.l .-asily raise an abundance .,1 these nWt able, .lehcmus ami nutritj.ius f.i.i.l |.ro,lucts if tli,.v card to do so In the country there is pl.'iity .>f room for .i goo.l v.'.'etabl.' .'■iril..ii ..,,1 ,„• ... ; towns an.l villages there is'usually a suilicient Tin-a on the lot"; t . ' '. k o' t , b'!;''' to gnnv ..nough veg..tabl..s to supply a large family .hiring \h,:'-u,;;n.;r'n,,t '',';; give away s.mi.' to oth.T jiople. '"' ' '" Situation of the Garden. In cities ami towns there is. of cour.se. no choice in regard to the situation of the gar.l.n as one ha.s usually n.) alternativ.'. but the hack of a lot. If lar-,. trees surm,,,^ this .,t ..r ar.. oven along .,ne si.le .,f it, ganlening will he more difhcuU aiLlmucli 1," s s..tisfactory th.in when there are none. Trees exhaust the soil of moish.r :,. i i * food and their shade often affects the crop adversely Kve;; whLe there a/; trees. 'how- season crops pver, fair mipcess mny be ohtninod with » ipiiiliiiiliii row. of ganlon vogrtabl,. i,, ,h.. ti.Ul. with the root .ro,,; tha,. /o hav. „o .'Vni. n at Im Preparation of the Soil. mon. hanl work is us„,dly a ouic.h luttrr iMat,/ri to sta with t .u ,', u\uT Th, creat iHM shoul.l he to eventually p.t the soil into such a <•, , i 7,. h t it wi nether hake nor Wonie hard in a ,l.y time nor ,lrv out r '4 Iv , ,,1, f '',,,'.' con.l.t.ons will Ik> hrou^ht ahout hv the liheral u-e of'ma'iuie w liich 1,1 ,,, ,• an eas.y available fonn and helps to for,,, h,n„u. ^J c " ; , ' ,^ ! ^j! '' '" : '" after the soil has heen .In, in onler to li,eak t do ;,,,"," Vh:^ke',.a^r „ I u^X t'!::z:r''' ''"'" " ■■' ^^"•' ""^"■''"" ^ "-^ ^--na^ion'of th'ui^d will Planning the Garden. ■ '^1SS^-^^s,'-;i:ii-'-:';:jf;:';- i;:--, , rad.shes, ko,,,. .^ped sown : — Seed'!. ''''twn:-" '''""" ^"' ''""' "'""" '^'""' "''''"^"' -'"''""->r. cel,.ry. tafter dan-er of frost is over, unless prote.-tedi, l,ea„s, con,. ,i,eu„il,ers ,„el„„s po atoes and s,|uasl, Seed of late cal,l,a.-e ,. „„t .-own uiit, .\Iav the ,1 ,t: Seed sow,, : — (in hut-beds, but plants will not stand fro,-ti, n,elons. .-ir-plants, peppers . trati.)n. l>i.ii,iiin^ tlie garden It is all bed of aspa" sr^irb'e^u'?urr5ora*Sd-;\irf^5?o''i«L*^i?K^''2Suif^^^^^^^^ ''"'"^"«"*' -^ *'^-- most'ofthe'work ?s don^i'^l^h' h"i?s^e' .''"" '" " ''"'''' *'""' """"'' «*^'^ '="""- «»"- Following is a suggested arrangement of a small garden about a3 x 30 feet, but many other plans could be made. No provision is made for paths, but if a narrow path is found necessary it can be put in where it seems most convenient. The seeds of the kinds to be sown earliest are sow^ ;„ „ p^^ ^.f the garden and the later sowings and plantings in the other, so that the ground can be newly worked if necesaiirv for the later sowings for best results, the surface soil should be kept loose and free of weeds l.v means of the rake and hoe. during the summer months. ' SroOESTED ARRANGEMENT FOR A SMALL GARDEN. Row Kind o{ Vegetable. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Sown or planted early. Pannip Beeta. Carrots. Onioni. Onion Seta. Early Cabbage and Cau- liflower Spinach, MuRtard and Crens Lettuce and Radish, fol- lowed by Squash and Melons, (Shifts ot each, Afeet apart) Dwarf Early Pea Second Early Pea Late Pea (semi-dwarf). . Lettuce and Radish (sec ond sowing of this. Might be a path) Sown or planted after danger o/frott it over. Early Beans, i row; Late Beans, J row Seed required for 30-foot 1 pkt. 1 oz. 1 pkt. i oz. li lb 12 plants of each. 1 pkt. of each. 1 pkt. of each. 4oz. 4oz. 4 oz. 1 pkt. of each. 2 oz. of each. Distance ainrtiif rows. IS ins. from lioundary 12 ins. from Howl. 12 ins. from Row 2. 12 ins. from Row 3. 12 ins. from Row 4. 15 ins. from Rows. 15 ins. from Rowti. 12 ins. from Row 7. 12 ins. from Row 8. 18 ins. from Row 9. 18 ins. from Row 10. 18 ins. from Row 11. 18 ins. from Row 12. Depth to sow seed. Distance to thin plants. i inch, i inch. iinch i inch. Roots well covered i inch. i and J inch. 2 ins. 2 ins. 4 to J inch. 2 ins. 2 ins. apart. 2 ins. apart, ur thinned as ready. IJ ins. apart or thinned as ready. 1 in. Plant 2 ins. apart. Plant 15 ins. apart. 4 to 6 ins. a|iart. Time required to develop for use. Based on results at Ottawa. 107toll2days. 53 to 70 days. 64 to 76 days. !t3tol20days. 66 days. 102 to 121 days. GO days. Yield per 30-f(»t Lettuce 6 ins. Radish, thinned as ready. 1 in. apart. 1 in. apart 1 in. apart As before for these. 50 to 70 days. 21 to 36 days. Musknielons, 110 to 144 days. Watermelons, 9(> to 161 days. Squash, I!6tol04d.-iys. 49 to 61 days . 52 to 56 days 63 to 71 days. At before. Plant 2 ins. apart. (iO to 80 lb. ")0 to 60 lb. B6 to 75 lb. 40 to 60 lb. 40 to 60 lb. 3 to 5 lb. |>er head. Weiffht varies uiucli. Weight varies much. 6 to 7 qts. in pod. d requirt^ for 30- foot 10 plant* of each. 1 pkt. Swede Turnips, aow June 15 to July 1 1 pkt. IVpiwr* and Egg Plant, or third Bowing of let- tuce and radish or more late cauliflower, or early auwingof parsley Tomatoes, trained Ui single items and tied 5-foot stakes or wires.. Early Com, followed by late sowing of lettuce and radish 2<) . I.Htter corn, about 2 feet from boundary 1 pkt. of each. I pkt or 15 plants. Ipkt. 1 pkt. Distance a(iait ot rows. 18 ina. from Row i:< 24 ins. from Row 1-1. 24 ins. from Row 16. 18ins.froni Row 16. 24iiu.fron) Row 17. 36ins.fron] Row 18. .36inH.froni Row 19. Depth to sow seed. Roots well ct»vereil. i inch. ) inch. Distance to thin plants 18 ins. apart. Plant 5 ins. aiiart. Thin to 6 to 7 ins. apart. Time required to develop for use. Ita^ed on results .It Ottawa. 1117 to 123 days. 5 months. 60 to 90 days. Roots well covered. Roota well covered. 2 ins. 2 ins. Plants 15 ins apart. PlanU 2 feet apart. Hills 3 feet apart, thin to 5 kernels per hill. Yield fier :i»-fiiot row. Peppers. W2tol7«dayB. Kgg Plants, 150 U> 162days. 108 U)i 79 days, depending on when startefl, and st^ason. 66 to 94 days 7 to 112 days. 4 to R l\m. per head. r.'toir> ozs. I»-r head. •iOtil.SO lbs. Vield varies much. 100 to 150 lU 40 to 50 earn, Estimated cost of seeds and plants, 82.30; estimated value of crfip, $25, or more lr<.??„ "n" '° ^t.^' '^"™™'*" ^"','!.\« f™"'" ""«' *'f« "'"'nK tocl'ewell Kvergreen/ 'ountrv Oemlemnn (late). In planting, the Country Gentleman hIiouM not be omitte, . a.s it lencthen. he S.ui^^'a^^^rlli-^-^l^-l-P-l^^^ „„ Cu<:urnb«r..-I'eerles8 White Spine or White Spine. Davis Perfect. Cool an.l Cri«D ail'go'd^^i^^l.'^ljr;;.:'" "* "" ■""•^' -Usfactory. l...s,„„ Pickling an.l'c'i.i^ig'l.Tio'kirg Egg Plant.— New York improved and Long Purple .-ucceed best. r,ini;*r'if.!;~;'^'« '"'i ^"P"'^"- »l"<-l«-feeded Simpson (early curled). Iceberg. New York £l„ ^J""/ H^'"'- * f'-^P "8 1«. ""d Improved Hnn>on (curled cabbage. Improved Salamander uncurled cabbage). Grand Rapids is the best variety for forci g Xrj rti^ortK-r^^ y^neti^!"' ""'^ ^"'""" ^'^"^^ "^^ '••-"■''■ ^--'"-^"j i^-^ Mclont, Mutk.— Long Island IJeauty and Hackensack are two of the earliest and best of the Nutmeg type Montreal is later, but of larger size and finer Ha our Emerald Gem and Paul Rose are two of the best yellow-fleshed melons. J^-meraiu uein the molrrelkble*'"""^'"''' ^'"^^'' ^"'^" *^""'^-"'- ^'^ <^"'"«""'- Pl'inney Karly are son.e of Onion$.— Yellow Globe Danvers «nd Large Red Wetherstield are two of the best and "lanfn^ '^"'' "° ""'" ''" "''"* ^""'^' ^"''^ ''""''" '" " ^'""^ '•'"■'''»>■ ^''^ tr"""' Parsley. — Double Curled is as good a,« any. the hrrgrpem^ers.'"''''"' ^'''"*' ^"'^'''"'^- T'>e Early Neapolitan is one of the earliest of iM„.,''t?*"'T^''*^''I>'..^"'"';':''*^ <•"'"■'' ""■■'>''• '^''"- L«xton, Gradus. .\,„erican Wonder !^,rK.,^"'-M''r""' ^v"'"" '■:"■■'>, ^''«"t ('^"ly), Sutton Kxcelsior. Prendun, (i 'm ( e mi early), McLean .\dvancer, Herome and Stratagem (medium to Ime). The forego il' varieties, not being tall growers, may be grown without supports. Quite Content Tee phone and Champion of England are three of the best tall-growing st.rfs. ^ ""-"'' ^""^ Vr.^V^'!**'1V'7^'"^^-'/ Scarlet White-tipped Turnip, Rosy Gem, French Breakfast Re.I Rocket (red). Icicle (wh,t.M. Late: White Strnslmrg. Long White Vienna. Winter Long Black Spanish. Chinese Ro.se-coloured. New White Cliiiiese or Celestid. "'"^- ^""« Rhubarb. — Linnseus, Victoria. Salsify.— Long White. Sandwich Islands. Spinach.— Victoria, Thickleaved. Deii!;i::^'k;,S;i;i """'' """'"'"'■• '■""' """'^ ""'^•'^ ^""""" f'-">^"-'<' Late: Tomatoes.—Early: Alacrity. Sparks Earliana. Chalks Karlv Jewel Boiinv Best (^scarlet). Me.luim: Matchless. Trophy (scarlet), Livm.ston Globe, PlemifuKpiirp^! Turnips.-Karly : Extra F:arly Milan. Red Top Strap Leaf. Earlv turnins -.r.. m omIH. bitter to the taste and not desirable. ■ '""">'^ '"^'-' i'-U'>ll> Swedes.-- Champion Purple Top, Skirving Improved. 13 PROTECTING VEGETABLES FROM INJURIOUS INSECTS AND DISEASES. Unless vegetables are protected from injurious inflects and diaoa^es. cither bv •prayinK or by poisoning in some other way or by mechanical devices, the vegetable grower is likely to lose part or all of the crop. Some kind, of v-g..tHble8 suffer, as a rule, more than other.". Several different foriiiulie are recommended for some insects, in order to make it easier for thoso in small towns or out of the way places to obtain, at least, one good insecticide or fungicide " C.ABBAliB. r.\lLIKIX)WKK, ()sioN Kakimii, TiRsie Flea-bi'i'tle, cutcriiillam, aphiii, riHit-maKgots, cut woriiiK. Otiier vi^HtahlfM limy a1w> havn tli« iuiii»' trt'atmtnt fur cut-wuniiM IVlTATO. Sfiil>, rliizrict(ini:i, and rut, iniivctii. MiKht Pljrelhrum~(lry mitturc. ' Xiculine or .Soap wathci. For uablMge wornw. Fi.r aphii Celkkv Ekrly and late Might. Tomato. Cut-wiirniM. Paris green, i>r arimate vj lad. For flt'a-lx|H>ar atxjve thi' gntund. w"" '■"':J,,'""fWOt«, rar J,U paper d\»e, .iroiind Hfnm of cauliflowers and cabbage. 1 htw Bhoiild tw put on immediotHly the plants are Het out tc. pre- vent th" fly fn .111 laying her eggn on the ground mar the »leni. The di«c« Hh.m d lie flat on the ground and tit cli«e to tl»- it^ni. Inncct twwd.r or hrlMHire in wat or more to 40 (rails, water; or .irninaUoflnid, .'t llw. t.) 40 (fall.;, water or preferably S ozs. /'un.i yritn and U II). Ar.wniili of l(iid to (Ogalh. water. For Colorathj potato i)eetle. PtitMotwd Bordt-aui. For rf>t and beetles. From l.'ith July till cud of waMon, 2 wenkH aiuirt. Keep foii^i(f<. covered, Hordvnux for flea-l>eetle. Keep foliage constantly covered with Bordeuui thmughout th.> s t^se Poisoned brar for cut- worms. INSECTICIDES Internal Poisons {for liifimj Imurls.) poi.so.vEr> BnA.M for fU'i-woiixis. ^^'"^ } *r.J "?■"",'' "',''•""'« K"'<-n thorougrly with .-,0 poun.la of sliKhtly mol«tpn»d brn Bweetcned with a littU- mohisse.s or BURur. i"u'»i«.o.u nia:^, AUSr:N.\TK OF LKAD. Arsenate of !( ail •> »„ i n •: t'> 3 !b. pufite or Water 1 to U lb. dry. 4 Kal. Mix thoroughly biforo nsiiis. I'.AUIS cniCK-V. Paris Bie.n , l"n.«lakfil Inne -'.V Water ,.' . Ill Kal. „,h.. '*' J"'^ i'^' """."'' ^''"■'^ *"■'''■" ''■"" ^" pounds nour, land plaster, slak.-d lim.- or any other perfectly dry powiloi ' HKLLRBOPE. (Keep in air liRlit vessel.) White holl.bore , Water ^ °' 2 ^al. Or to be ducted undiluted over attaclied plants. For root maggots use 2 ounces of hellebore to 1 gallon water. ?.|| M 14 „ , CARBOLIC EMULSION. Hard Map, well ullccd , „ Crude carbollr acid , ''• Bolllnf water ^ "^'l" U.lnJ"df;^U,o''l6''^noi;;'"*"- """ ""' "*• -«'«' and chum' violently wUh da.h!r.' Before CONTACT POISONS (FOR SL'CKINO INSi;rTS,) PYRETHRUM (o« Inmct Powder.) (Keep in air tlsht veaael.^ I'yrethrum powder (fre«h) , Water \ "*■ '""V mixture.— Mix thorou^'ily 1 part by weight of lni.r hour, before duatltiff over plant, attackell ' •NICOTINE SULPHATE. (Containing at leait 40% nicotine.) (For Aphis). Nicotine sulphate , Water *"■ ,, ., !;, v!" ■ .• *1 »!il. or 1 part to SOO tn 1. 11(10 of water It should be more concentrated for some apeclee. ■• oi water. NICOTINE (FOR Aphis.) ^^.v.v.y.:-.:-.::::::::.:::.:.:. ■:.■:.;.■:.■:. :: l^-'--'"'' Even ordinary soap, that known as "Ivory" beinif kooia8olve the copper sulphate (by suupendlnn It in a wooden or earthen vesMel .•ontalnlnir 4 or or more gallons^of vater.) It will dissolve more iiuickly in warm water than In cold Slike the lime In another vessel. If the lime, when slaked, la lumpy or Rranular, it nhould be strained throuKh coarse sacking or a fine sieve. Pour the copper suliihate solution into a barrel, or it may be dissolved in this In the first place; half fill the barrel with water- dilute the slaked lime to half a ban el of water, and pour Into the diluted copper sulphate Holu'ion then Htlr thoroughly. It Is then ready for use ( »;ever mix concentrated milk of lime ami cojiper solution.) A stock solution of coirper sulphate and milk of lime may be prepared and kept In separate covered barrels throughout the spraylpR ."eaHon. The uuantitles of copper sulphate, lime and water should be carefully noted. Bordeaux mixture deteriorates with age and should be useil aw soon as made. To test Bordeaux mixture, let a drop of ferrocyanide of potassium solution fall into the mixture when residy. If the mixture turns reddish-brown, add more milk of lime until no chang3 takes plaee. POISONED BORDEAl'X MIXTURE (for Fungi and Leaf-f.ating Inskcts). To the 40 gallons of Bordeaux mixture prepared as above, add 4 to 8 ouiK'es of Paris green, or 3 iiounds of arsenate of lead paste, or IJ pounds dry arsenate of le.id. FOR POTATO BLIGHT AND COLORADO POTATO BEETLES. Instead of 4 pounds copper bulphate, use 6 pounds: and for potato beetles K ounces or more of Paris green, or 3 pounds arsenate of lead paste, or preferably S ounces I'aris green and It pounds dry arsenate of lead to 40 gallons water. OBOWINO POTATOES FOE HOME USE OR UASKET. Ono of tlip most satisfactory crops to grow in tlio garden or on land which would otherwise be vacant is tlie potato, for not only ecomfl unprofit- ahle through being dmeaged or iH-cominif weak in vitality owing to unfavouruhle cenHoni.. In guch a caoe a change of need in very desirable. A» nhowing the advantage of a change of need, it may be stated that in 1910 new seed potatoes of eleven varieties •"^a . u" ,''■''• Saskatchewan, grown at Ottawa, yielded on the average at the rate 01 .jb» bushels per acre, while seed potatoes which had been weake Hero and Dalmeny Regent. But if the .■ieed ii free from disease and of .-trong vitality, most varieties are capable of producing good crops, hence it is better to plant any variety than none at all. "^ ' Kind of 8«td to Plant. The conditions the potatoes are in when the time for planting arrives is very important. If possible, potatoes should be prevented from sprouting before they are planted, unless sprouted in the light, ns described later on; and to prevent sprouting It is desirable to keep them in a cool cellar where the temperature does not go much above 35 degrees F. nor below 33 degree.. F. The cooler potatoes iire kept without freez- ing the better. When potatoes are ke[)t in a warm, moist cellar, as thev so often are, they sprout and the shoot* take from the tubers both plant food and moisture, an' as these sprouts are usually broken when handing the potatoes, the new shoots which are made when the potato starts to grow in the field have less moisture and less plant food to draw upon, and do not make as vigorous a growth as they otherwise would, and the yield IS smaller. Many exrieriments have been tried to determine the best kinds of sets to plant, and on the average it has been found that good marketable tubers cut into pieces so as to have at le«st three good eyes to a piece are the best. If cut sets are found to rot after planting, use whole potawes for seed, as thev will not rot as reaflily. In very favour- able season.s. single eyes or buds gouged out with verv little flesh have given fair returns \Vhile It 18 usually not desirable to use small potatoes for seed, if the season is favour- able, good results are sometimes obtained from such, and wiUi the high cost of seed in 1917 none of it should be wasted. If dry weatlier sets in after planting, the sets with the greatest amount of flesh have the be.-^t chance, hence it is safer to use large pieces on this account. ,If one had very few potatoes and wishes to make the most of them they may be mixed with moist chopped straw, moss or other material in a warm place for a few days before planting, care being taken not to break off tlie sprouts. Roots will soon form and the sprouts may then be broken off and planted carefullv in well prepared soil, when if the soil remains moist the plants will develop well. It has been found to be a great advantage to " sprout " potatoes in order to have the tubers readv for use earlier than when treated in the ordinary way, and where the season is slu.rt "to obtiiii large crops. Medium sized potatoes are selected before thev have begun to sprou* and placed m .single layers in shallow boxes or trays, with the see. TJie boxes are then put in a bright, airy, cool place where the temperature is low enough to prevent sprouting. In a few days the i)otatoes will turn gr<>en and the skin become tou-her Tlie potatoes are now given a little more heat, but still kept in a briglit place. Front the seed end will now develop two or three strong sprouts, and the meaiiiii" of exposing tlie potatoes at first to toughen the skin is now apparent, for most of the eves do not sprout, and practically the whole strength of the potato is concentrated in n few sprouts at the end. This is wliat is desired, as tlie fewer sprouts there are the lar"er proimrtioiiof marketable potatoes tliere will be -n the crop from them. The potatoe- are planted whole If tlie potatoes are given plenty of light and the place where thev are kept fairlv cool' the sprou'.s will become very sturdy and stronplv attached to the tuber, and will ntit be broken off in handling, unless very carelessly u-ed. Tubers will develop more quicklv from sprouts made slowly in a brij-'ht. cool place than from sprouts which have grown rapidly in a dark place, and. furthermore, the yields will be much heavier Potatoes which sprout in the dark are very diflicult to handle as the sprouts break off verv easi'v It is not absolutely necessary to pl.ace the potatoes with the seed ends up "as verv satisfactory results are obtained even when [xitatoes are emptied indiscriminatelv into shallow boxes or trays and then treated as already described. The s[)routs should be about two inches in length at time of planting, if longer, the sets are more difficult to handle. Soil. The most suitable soil for potatoes is a rich, deep, friable, warm sandy loom with good natural drainage, a constant though not too great a supply of moisture and well supplied with decayed or decaying vegetable matter. Thev will, however succeed well on a great variety of soils. The warniest.aiid best drained soils that can be obtained should be chosen for the early potatoes," and the sets should be planted shallow so that they will get the avantage of the heat from the surface soil. i-- I f Prtparatlon of the Soil. The more fhorouKhly the »oil i« prepared the better the rcRullH will he Looae w.ll pulveriwd ,„il iH particularly deHirable, for potatoen. While hea^^Z urinir wUh barn advised. A Kond way to i.:)pl.r thin in on clover nod in autumn Tin- to'l^P"^"-, A« a rule, the c'rop of potatoes wiri • en-e i rpro portion to the number of times the potatoes are cultivated er depending on the weather. Takinc the average of three years the increase of yield from spraying with Bordeaux mixture was at the rate of «)4 bushels per acre. In some y(.ars it is much larger. Bordeaux mixture is made in the proportion of fl lbs. bhiestone. 4 lbs. lime and 40 gallons of water SprayuiL' mixtures should be used at the proper time and thoroughly, if cood results may be expected. = . > f . •<=. una Digging and Storing. Potatoes should be dug in dry weather, so that they will be dry when thev are taken into the cellar. If they are diseased, the disease will not spread so rapidly among dry potatoes. If the potatoes are known to be diseased in the field it is be«t to leave them in the ground as long as possible, .so that diseased potatoes 'may more readily be seen and separate, from sound ones before they are taken into the cellar Potatoes should be stored for best results in a dry. cool, well ventilated cellar and kent at a temi>crature between Xi deg. F. and 35 deg. V., if possible.