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MIC>OCO»Y HBOLUTION TIST CHAUT 
 
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THE TARIFF ISSU 
 
 IN CANADA 
 
 The Attitude of the Two Parties 
 Regarding It 
 
 Extracts from Speeches, Resolutions and the 
 
 Party Press, showing clearly what each 
 
 Party stands for with respect 
 
 to Customs Duties 
 
 It is important that the people of Canada should know exactly 
 how the political parties stand with respect to the tariff. It is 
 therefore proposed to submit a collection of speeches and declara- 
 tions to show the attitude of each. 
 
 In the first place, then, the electors should know that the Con- 
 servative party to-day stands for the highest form of high protecfon, 
 the kind of protection that the manufacturers believe in. 'I'he 
 Conservative policy was formally set forth during the Parliamentary 
 Session of 1902. Here is the resolution containing it as proposed 
 by the Conservative leader, Mr. R. L. Borden, and supported by 
 his followers : 
 
 " This House, regarding the operation of the present tariff as 
 unsatisfactory, is of opinion that this country requires a declared 
 policy of adequate protection to its labor, agricultural products, 
 manufactures and industries, as will at all times secure the Canadian 
 market for Canadians. And, while always firmly maintaining the 
 necessity of such protection to Canadian interests, this House affirms 
 
its belief in a policy of reciprocal trade preferences within the 
 Empire." 
 
 Now, the above policy is identical in effect with the tariff 
 pioposals of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, as set forth 
 by resolution at the big convention held at Halifax. The Manu- 
 facturers' lesolut'on was as follows: 
 
 " Resolved at, in tlie opinion of this .\ssociation, the changed 
 conditions wh..h now obtain in Canada, demand the immediate 
 and thorough revision of the tariff upon lines that will more effec- 
 tually transfer to the workshops of the Dominion the manufacture 
 of many of the goods which we now import from other countries. 
 " "That in any sucli revision the interests of all the sections of 
 the community, whether of mining, fishing, or manufacturing, 
 shoulil be ful'y considered, with a view, not only to the preservation, 
 hut to the future development of all these great national industries. 
 " That, while such tariff shall be primarily framed for Cana- 
 dian interests, it should nevertheless give a substantial prefereiice 
 to the mother country, and, also, to any other part of tl>e British 
 Empire with which reciprocal preferential trade can be arranged 
 to our mutual advantage, recognizing always that under any con- 
 ditions the minimum tariflf must aflford adequate protection to all 
 Canadian producers." 
 
 The more the two resolutions are studied, the more points of 
 identity are discovered. The only object tlu manufactfrcrs have 
 in their tariflf proposals is to bring about .:onditions which will 
 enable them to charge more for their products than they do to-day. 
 That is, they want to make the consumer pay higher prices. The 
 Conservative policy is the same as that of the manufacturers. The 
 Conservatives want to make the consumer pay higher prices. 
 
 That the " adequate protection " of the C nservative policy 
 means the highest possible protection, is shown by the speeches of 
 Conservative M. P.'s in Parliament. Below are extracts from 
 speeches by Mr, Borden and others. 
 
 All the extracts are from Revised Hansard, the official report 
 of Parliamentary proceedings. It may be explained that the proofs 
 of every speech delivered in Parliament are sent to the M. P. deliv- 
 ering the speech, and he makes all necessary corrections. Thu. 't 
 IS clear that, so far as Hansard reports are concerned, no one can 
 claim to have been misrepresented. 
 
 The following are extracts from tariff speeches by Conservative 
 leaders : 
 
 l^l 
 
 National library 
 Of Canada 
 
 Bibliothique natlonate 
 du Canada 
 
.MR. R. L. BORDEN. LEADER OF THE CONSERV \TIVE 
 PARTY. 
 (From Hansaril, for Session of ltj<>2, page 28.) 
 "I. for one. do not belirve in the iloctrine of liiiyinp; in the 
 cheapest market, if it is to be done at the expense of our manu- 
 facturing industries." 
 
 I I'rom Hansard, pajje I,?,U* 
 ■ ' >ne would expect tliat if we intend to maintain and Imild un 
 our own products and manufactures against such powerful and 
 treriiendous competition as that whidi we nnist anticipate from the 
 United States, we woidd fix our tarifT of customs against that 
 country on a scale at least as hiKli as is that of their tariff against 
 US. We must remember that our i>roducers and manufacturers are 
 restricted very much as to the home market, while in C.rcat Britain 
 and in other countries we enjoy no advantages in their markets 
 over the I'nited States. In Germany, fur example, Canadian prod- 
 ucts have to meet a less favorable tariff than that which tlie L'nited 
 States enjoys. While we have no greater advantages abroad, we 
 have a more restricted market at home on account of our small 
 population; and we, therefore, can reasonablv sav that, having 
 regard to that fact, there is all the more reason for' that restricted 
 market, such as it is. being protected for the manufacturers an<l for 
 the agricultural pro<lHcers of this countrv." 
 
 (From Hansard, page i.?35.) 
 
 " Therefore, 91 per cent, of the goods manufactured in Canada 
 have been consumc<l in Cana<la. We have, consequentlv. at the 
 present time, to look to the home market and not to a foreign market. 
 Having regard to that, is it not right that we should take care 
 that the home market is properly protected for the industries of 
 this country ?" 
 
 (From Hansard, page 1,^,^6 
 
 " ^\ hat I object to in any principle of reciprocity of tariff 
 or retaliation of tariffs is that IT MAY BIXD US TO TUT OUR 
 TARIFF DOWN, admitting United States manufactures to crush 
 out our own manufactures, &c." 
 
 (From Hansard, page 1337.) 
 " Though I believe the laboring classes, the manufacturing 
 classes and the agricultural classes of this country, for the sake 
 of devetoping the country, for the sake of keeping their markets 
 for themselves, for the sake of preventing American competition, 
 which has reached so disastrous a point, would be willing for a 
 few years at least, to pay slightly increased prices, if nccessarv." 
 
 Mr. 
 
 MR. RUFUS POPE. M.P. 
 Rufus Pope, M.P.. like his leader, has 
 
 talked protectioi, 
 
pretty straight. Hansard of 1902, page 2419. re|K)rts him a'^ 'aving 
 in regard to Mr. Borden's tariff resohition: 
 
 "Thi' rc-oIntii'M lliat I wmld liav.- prcfcrri'd vmhiM h;.w Iktii 
 for n Chinese wall all round." 
 
 ( l''roni Hansard, pa^e 24-'5' 
 
 "That policy which we shall propound will he one which will 
 carry out, only in a more extended de«ree, the ohject* aimed at 
 by tiie policy which our political father., adopted m if'-S. 
 
 A. C. BELL. M.r. 
 Mr. A. C. Bell, of I'ictou, said (Hansard, page 267) : 
 " Krce Traders we cannot exjwct or hope to he, and tlurciore 
 it strikes me that the only alternative hefore us is one Ica.hnp; to a 
 system of protection which shall be really ctTcctive, and not merely 
 
 nominal.'' . , ^ , 
 
 (From Hansard, page \(*/>.) 
 
 "So far as we on this side of the House arc concerned, we 
 arc free to say that we desire a policy that shaH declare and shall 
 establish such a system of protection as will sustam and protect 
 every industry in Canada to-dav. and will as rapidly as possihV; 
 <levelop withiii our country such industries as are likely to succeed 
 ir if and that as soon as imssibk- Canada shall, m ihc matter 
 of manufacturing, supply all her own wants and shall buy as little 
 as possible from the outside world " 
 
 (From Hansard, page 1698.) 
 
 " Now, in respect to free trade with the United States, it is 
 perfectly clear from the figures given us in the course of this 
 debate by the Hon. Member for North Norfolk, that we have not 
 .sufficient protection." 
 
 (From Hansard, pa"" 1705) 
 
 " I am always free to believe that in this matter (Preferential 
 Tariff) our Government has made the mistake of being too generous, 
 and did not in the full realize, as it now does, the consequences 
 of it." 
 
 MR. N'ORTllKUP, M.P. 
 
 Mr. Northrup. of Hastings, is reported in Hansrird oi' 1002, 
 page 2269, as follows: 
 
 •'The Conservative party lays down the principle which the 
 hon gentlemen are beginning to understand that it is just as 
 essential that the protection given to any industry shall be a com- 
 plete and adequate protection for the time being as it is that that 
 protection shall be a constant protection, so that those who engage 
 
 rtMl>-->>TWMiW^K3 
 
u 
 
 iti that iiultistry iieid imt lie nfraiil tliat I'vory M-s^inn tlii'v may 
 have all tlu'ir sdn-ks ami p^■til^ swipt awav. hm shall know th.it 
 the Covrrnnicnt i> jtniiit; tn ^i\i' that inilii^tn the protection it 
 requires.' 
 
 I)K. SrUOlLE, MR 
 
 I Ml pane i7;8 of Hansanl. i(;<)j. appears the followinj; from 
 the lips of Dr. Sprotile. of East Crey: 
 
 " Our policy is a protective |X)licy in the interests of the people 
 
 of the country." "It aims at protectini; the laUir of 
 
 the country; it aims at protecting the mannfactnres of the country. 
 an<l not allowinp; this market to he made a slau|.;Iiter market (or 
 the -nrplus | rodncts oi foreign coimtries." 
 
 E. F. CLARKE. M.I'. 
 (Hansard, [902, page 1614. ) 
 " There is certainly a fjreat deal of room for improvement m 
 that tariff; and if the resolution jirescnted hy the hon. leader of 
 the Opposition met with the approval of the members of this I louse, 
 k decided improvement would he made in the tarilT and a sub- 
 stantial benefit done to the interests of the country thereby." 
 
 (From Hansard. pa};e 1639.) 
 
 " And that the resolution presented by the hon. leader of the 
 Opposition (Mr. Rorden, Halifax) is on the right line; that the 
 time has come when a declaration of a definite policy of protection 
 should be announced by the Parliament of Canada, a policy under 
 which we would not be meetiiif; with appeals from year to year 
 from manufacturers and workiiiRmen, askint; for the reasonable 
 measure of protection to which tliey are entitled to enable them to 
 carry on their business apainst the fierce competition which exists 
 in the I'nited States and elsewhere throughout the world." 
 
 MR. CLANCY, M.P. 
 (From Hansard. 1902, pafr^ 2,^66.) 
 " How can be better the country by a revenue tariff? That 
 is a dead-weipbt tax-collectinpr tariff, but a protective tariff protects 
 the interests of the people of ' pada, and it is the only weapon we 
 can use against foreign comitries who make commercial warfare 
 on us. ' 
 
 (From Hansard, page 2351.) 
 " .\nd what are the weapons of defence that shall be used in 
 Canada ? Does not the hon. gentleman throw them away when 
 he refuses to use them and proposes to impose a dead weight upon 
 Canada by a revenue tariff, as he calls it ?" 
 
 mimL^xm»Bim 
 
¥ 
 
 (Irom Hansard, paRt- 2.VS2. ) 
 " Why, Sir, the preference was givi'ii to (irtat llritaiti alone, 
 and till- oiilionic is that ilierc is not onr rivU'<<nin); feainn- in the 
 preferential tariff in so far as any benefit t.p the iwoplo "f C ana<ia 
 is concerned." 
 
 RR'llAr<n III.AIN, Ml'. 
 
 Richard Itlain, of Tccl, said (Hansard, \<)OJ. paRO 1407): 
 " In so far as I am concerned, I wish to say that the preferential 
 tariff is not at all satisfactory to the jieople." 
 (From Hansard, page 1 499' 
 "1 hold that the tariff should be so arrange<l that every insti- 
 lulion in this countrv which is nian«f.ictnrint; t,"K»ls to lie consumed 
 hy the Canadian people, should have sufficient protdUon to keep 
 out the same class of goods made in any foreign country;^ and I 
 I'.nc no hesitation in savmi,' that if that country should be hnsland, 
 the policy of Canada should be framed in the interests 0/ the Can- 
 cdian taxpayer as against the people who are producing the same 
 class of goods even in the Old Country, under the same flag." 
 
 r.EORGE TAYLOR, MP. 
 
 George Taylor, 0' South Leeds, chief' Conservative whip, is 
 reported on page 2087 of Hansard. iqo2. as saying: 
 
 " Here we stand as one man declaring in farvor of increased 
 and adequate protection to the manufacturing, agriculture, fishing, 
 mining and other interests of this country." 
 
 Andrew Broder, of Dundas. is reported on page 2191 "f Han- 
 sard, 1902, as saying: 
 
 ■' H there is one thing more than another that renders high 
 protection necessary in Canada, it is the con litions of the country." 
 
 W. R. BROCK, M.P. 
 W. R. Brock, Centre Toronto, Hansard of 1902, said, on page 
 
 1562: 
 
 " If they are not free traders, they nnist be protectionists. The 
 medium course is not an honest course. This country is demanding 
 that our industries should be protected." 
 
 On the same page he referred to the preferential tariff as a 
 ' one-sided preference," and on page 1565 he said: 
 
 " If you give such transportation facilities that our farmers 
 in the North-West place their grain in the English market at a 
 favorable price, as compared with grain from the United States, 
 1 contend that the people o{ the North-West are big enough and 
 
ilrang enough tn stand a iiltic duiy on some kmds of importtd 
 goods, ' 
 
 D. HENDERSON, MR 
 
 Mr. Urndcrson, of Halton. another proniincnl Consfrrvative 
 member, devoted a great deal of atu-ntion to an atlaik on the 
 preferential tariff, Hai.sard, at i^ge 2376, reix)rts liini as saying: 
 
 "Then the hon. gentleman spoke very badly al- Mt. the prcfer- 
 t-ntial tariff, and asked: Why do yon not move to r<.|)eal it ? If 
 »( had liiiy of a majority on this >i.le of ilif House Kv u'lnild ver\ 
 ■won repeat il. I would have no hesitation any day recording my 
 ^ote m this House to wipe out the present r<ferential tariflf I 
 never favored it. I do not expect to live loi. , enough to be able 
 to favor a one-sided preference such as wc have now." 
 
 Mr. Henderson also took strong exception to the claim ni some 
 of his fellow-Conservatives that t' • Liberals had stolen the Con- 
 servative's clothes. Hansaril ol 1902 reports him at page 2384 
 as saying: 
 
 " J' ^**' *^''' '" *he early days of the present tariff thai the 
 Liberals had stolen our clothes. I never said so, but of course 
 when the preferential duty was only 12 1-2 i)tr c nt., and .vhen, on 
 colored cotton goods and many other goods, tl- luties were prac- 
 tically the same as under the Conservative regl .c, there was some 
 reason for perhaps coming to the conclusion, without due consid- 
 eration, that the Liberals had stolen our clothes, fiut 1 UO NOT 
 CONSIDER THAT Ti:SY HA\'R DONE ANYTHING OF 
 THE KLND. I AM ONLY SORRY THAT THEY DID ' V 
 FOR IT WOULD HAVE BEEN BETTER FOR THE CO 1- 
 TRY IF THEY HAD. THEIR TARIFF IS, INSTEAD JUST 
 THE ANTIPODES OF OURS." 
 
 A POLICY OF HIGHER PRICES. 
 
 The lesson from the above quotation is this : 
 
 The Conservative party, by formal resolution in Parliament, 
 has declared for a policy of " adequate protection," which means, 
 in the light of the speeches of its leading M.P.'s, a policy of the 
 highest kind of protection. The party is not satisfied with the 
 protection of the old N. P., but, in the words of the leader, R. L. 
 Borden, wants a tariff at least as hieh as that of the United States. 
 It is clear that on the tariff question the Conservatives and manu 
 facturers agree. Both want increased protection. The only reason 
 that increased protection is desired by the manufacturers is that 
 
it wilt enable them to charge higher prices for their products. If it 
 did not it would be of no value to them. But the object of the 
 manufacturers' policy being to secure higher prices, the object of 
 the Conservative policy, which is identical with that of the manu- 
 facturers, must be the same. Therefore, the Conservative policy is 
 to increase the prices of the articles required by the Canadian 
 consumer. 
 
 LIBERAL POLICY. 
 
 The Liberal policy upon the tariff question is ciystallized in the 
 present tariff. 
 
 Wlien the Liberal party met in the great National Convention, 
 held at Ottawa in June, 1893, the commercial situation of the country 
 was fully and carefully considered, and it was declared that the 
 highest interests of Canada demanded the removal of the policy then 
 existent, which was founded upon the principle of protection and 
 the substitution of a sound fiscal policy, which, while not doing 
 injustice to any class, would promote domestic and foreign trade 
 and hasten the return of prosperity to our people. It was also 
 declared that the tariff should be reduced to the needs of honest, 
 economical, and efficient government, and that it should be so 
 adjusted as to make free or bear as lightly as possible upon the 
 necessaries of life, and should be so arranged as to promote freer 
 trade with the whole world, particularly with Great Britain and 
 the United States. 
 
 That, in substance, was the pronouncement or pledge of the 
 Liberal party on the trade question ; that was the message of the 
 Liberal party to its leaders when they assumed the reins of power 
 in 1896. 
 
 What has been the fulfilment ? 
 
 The first step taken by the Government was the appointment 
 of a committee of its members, comprising Hon. Sir Richard Cart- 
 wright, Hon. W. S. Fielding, and Hon. Wm. Paterson, to ascertain 
 in an exact and definite way the precise situation of all classes 
 and sections of the country an"' their actual needs. This committee 
 held meetings in most of the principal cities and towns of the 
 countrv. which were attended by representative men in all spheres 
 of industrial life, v^fho were given every opportunity of expressing 
 their views. 
 
 Having completed their labors, the committee duly made its 
 
 8 
 
report to the Government, and the whole question was then given 
 that full, fair and serious consideration which its great importance 
 demanded. 
 
 The result of the delibi .jns of the Government was the 
 adoption of the present trade policy, which was a judicious, business- 
 like, well-considered, and very material measure of reform. The 
 chief features of that policy were : 
 
 First. A reduction in the average rate of ta.xation of about ten 
 per cent, from the rate under the Conservative tariff of 1896. 
 
 Second. The transference to the free list of a larjje number of 
 articles which are necessaries of the farmer, such as binder twine. 
 barb and other fencing wire, Indian corn, cream separators, and a 
 reduction in the rates of many other articles of necessity to the 
 farmer and people generally. 
 
 Third. A reduction in the rates of duty on iron and steel and 
 coal, and the transference to the free list of many articles of raw 
 material, thus stimulating manufacturing industries. 
 
 Fourth. An increase in the duties on wines, spirits, ci;.;ars and 
 other luxuries, and, 
 
 LAST, but by no means least, the granting o! a substantial 
 preference to the goods of Great Britain. 
 
 The wisdoni of that policy is reflected in the prosjjonjus con- 
 dition of the country since its adoption. It is generally considered 
 bv all \v\m have taken the trouble to study the question, that the 
 new tariff was a very fair measure of tariff reform and a well- 
 considered step in the right direction. 
 
 The Government gave careful thought to the conditions of 
 trade in all parts of the Dominion, and framed a tariff based upon 
 revenue, not protection, as a principle, a tariff which does injusice 
 to no class, which is simple in classification, and which matcriallv 
 reduced the burdens of the people. 
 
 Liberals stand to-day upon the same tariff platform that they 
 stood upon in 1896 and 1900. But some Conservatives, upon finding 
 themselves in districts vfhere high protection is unpopular, try to 
 distract attention from themselves by attributing protectionist views 
 ti the Liberals. The best answer to such allegations can be obtaine I 
 fiom Conservative sources. In the first place we have the testimony 
 (already quoted) o£ Mr. D. Henderson, M.P. for Halton, that 
 the Liberals have not "stolen our protectionist clothes." And we 
 
have but to look at the Conservative newspapers to get any quantity 
 of such testimony. Now, if these papers thought there was any- 
 thing in the " stolen clothes " idea, they would not hesitate to exploit 
 it, for the theft would be the strongest possible tribute to their 
 policy. But they emphasize the fact that the Liberals do not stand 
 for protection and appeal to the protectionists to have nothing to 
 do with the party that dares to show any consideration for the 
 consumer. Here are a few quotations in this connection; 
 
 TORONTO MAIL AND EifPIRE, chief Conservative organ, 
 
 Feb. 15th, 1902: 
 
 •• We cannot allow our own industries to be wiped out, as they 
 would be, if the Sifton view should prevail." 
 
 MAIL AND EMPIRE, April 19th, 1902: 
 
 "At this moment the Provincial Government supports Mr. 
 Sifton, who says that Ontario industries, if insufficiently protected, 
 lii'tl better shut up." 
 
 MAIL AND EMPIRE, Sept. 8, 1902: 
 
 " Mr. Tarte has lost no time in replying to his colleague, Mr. 
 Sifton. Immediately that Mr. Sifton issued his lower tariff inter- 
 \iew Mr. Tarte hastened to Toronto with a higher tariff nation. 
 Mthouch Mr. Tarte does not say in so many words that the Liberal- 
 Conservative policy of Canada for the Canadians is, and always 
 was right, that is what his speech means. He points to the growing 
 importations from the United States, and wants to know why we 
 cannot have proper tariff laws, building up our own industries for 
 our own operatives and our own farmers. Mr. Sifton, who says 
 that proper tariff laws rob the consumer, now has the floor. It 
 rests with him to justify his lower tariff crusade." 
 
 "Where are Ontario's Cabinet representatives m the taritt 
 fight ? Are they all afriad of Mr. Sifton ?" 
 
 OTTAWA CITIZEN, Sept. 16, 1902: 
 
 ■' The Toronto Star, the newspaper organ of Hon. Mr. Mulock, 
 demands that the leaders of the Liberal party shall not forget those 
 who journeyed with them long years in the wilderness; namely, 
 the free traders, and savs the latter expect that, although they may 
 sometimes sit at the table of the Philistines " (meamng thereby the 
 protectionists), " they will remain true to Israel. 
 
 "The utterance, of the Liberal press, both in its virulent at- 
 tacks on Hon. J. Israel Tarte, and its subsequent comments on the 
 existing situation, give ground for serious surmise that there is 
 more in the present row than appears on the surface. Has the 
 I iberal party, or at least its leaders, been meditating the overthrow 
 
of protection, and is the sudden .bolt of Hon. Mr. Tarte in 
 the nature of a revolt against a movement as yet only foreshadowed 
 in the utterances of the Grit press. From the latest tones of these 
 comments it looks as though Mr. Tarte had forced the hand of 
 plotters who have in view nothing less than the overthrow of the 
 tariiT and a return, if not to free trade, to tariff for revenue only. 
 The mere difference of opinion l)etwecn the two ministers a^ tn 
 whether the policy of protection should remain as it is. or that 
 ll e Government sliould go a little further, hardly accounts for tlu' 
 virulence with which Mr. Tarte has been attacked in the columns 
 of the leading Liberal newspapers for voicinp; his views. It was 
 more like the embittered vituperation of foiled conspirators, whose 
 plans had been thwarted, than the grave and temperate reasoning 
 of a party press with, let us say, an imprudent member of the 
 Government in the absence of the Prime Minister. 
 
 "That appears to be frank enough. The free trade cranks did 
 not think the country would stand for a reversal of policv when 
 the Liberal party came into power, but now, as times are prosperous 
 and people in better temper, they think the occasion opportune to 
 throw protection to the winds an<l go-back to a tariff for revenue 
 only. Here is the proposal made in cold blood by a paper that 
 is recognized as the mouthpiece of a minister for Ontario, and the 
 utterances of other leading Liberal organs, though more or less 
 veiled as yet, bear a similar construction. 
 
 • " The large majority of the people of Canada are protectionist's. 
 The prosperity of Canada is founded upon an 1 guarded b\ pro- 
 tection. What guarantee of permanence is there, or ever has been, 
 trvr that policy in the hands of its avowed and determined onnnnents - 
 They have made concessions to the exigencies of the situation, as 
 the Star says, but in their hearts they are not in sympathy with it. 
 and it would appear that when the exigencies of the s'tuation 
 permit they are ready to undermine and overthrow it." 
 
 MAIL AND EMPIRE, Oct. 4th, 1902 : 
 
 " With increasing violence is the campaign against Canadian 
 irjdustry conducted by the free trade wing. There can be no 
 doubt that the struggle was precipitated by the war-like declarations 
 of Mr. Sifton at the last Liberal convention in Winnipeg. After 
 apologizing for the moderation of the tariff reductions so far made. 
 Mr. Sifton sounded the free trade slogan, and pronounced, as a 
 Western man, against the Eastern worker. .Mready the defence of 
 the Eastern enemy had been reduced by a compromise between 
 the protectionists and free traders in the Government. While the 
 present duties might not be heavy, that, nevertheless, was no reason 
 why they should not be lighter. If the Eastern industries could 
 not live under the present tariff, the sooner they shut up the better. 
 
 " Mr. Sifton's cue has been accepted by his faction in and 
 
out of the Government. Mr. Fisher, and the agency controlled 
 by that Minister, demanded a further assault upon industry. The 
 Toronto Globe announces in triumphant tones, that the work is 
 certainly to be continued. It threatens, as another instalment, a 
 further increase in the British preference, which, as we all know, 
 is more useful to Germany than the Motherland. Tariff changes 
 there will be, says the organ, but they will all be in the direction 
 of freedom or free trade, and not of restriction or defence for Cana- 
 dian labor. In the far East the Halifax Chronicle has taken up the 
 tunc. That paper represents the situation as one appertammg 
 cxclusivelv to the manufacturers. It throws aside with contempt 
 the interests of the great army of operatives skilled in industrial 
 lilies, the interests of the merchants who sell to them, and the 
 interests of the farmer who feed them. The manufacturers, we are 
 told, have huge funds at their disposal. They intend to place these 
 funds where they will do the most good ; that is to say, they mtend 
 to buy the politicians as cheaply as possible, and in turn to sell 
 lliemselves to the politicians at fancy prices. 
 
 •' Their aim is to secure adeauate protection for Canadian in- 
 dustry. Thev did this once before, and the N. P. was the outcome. 
 Then the Liberal party came into power, but even they, fresh from 
 the people, had not the strength or the courage to carry out their 
 undertakings in full. The day for action has come, for, says the 
 Halifax Chronicle: 
 
 'Now is the time for Canada to resist— to make an effective 
 stand for industrial and commercial freedom. Everything but the 
 interests of the combined manufacturers and a few contemptible, 
 time-serving politicians, urges the people to stand firm. Will the 
 people encounter the certainty of being plundered and trampled 
 ii]xi" fur voars to come for the gratification of any petty partisan 
 considerations, or that a few selfish manufacturing and political 
 schemers may triumph ?' 
 
 " The an Canadian policy is thus preached. It is war to the 
 l.nife a!.':iinst i^anadian industry, against the Canadian workman, 
 and against the Canadian faimer, although as a political or diplo- 
 matic exjudient. the manufacturer is mentioned as the criminal in 
 the case. Mr. Tarte's efforts to graft a Canadian policy upon the 
 party have been so far in vain. The more earnestly he has urged 
 the abandonment of the old views, the more violently have the 
 doctrines been asserted, and the more threatening has the attitude 
 of the anti-Canadian wing become. The situation now, in view of 
 the fury with which the general interests are attacked, is more 
 serious for the people than it has been for years. There is a pro- 
 nounced element in the pa..y that will not listen to reason, and 
 that, even if it should make a temporary surrender, or consent to 
 another compromise to protectitself in office for a few years, cannot 
 possibly be trusted. In the past it has been difficult to understand 
 
 19 
 
how any man of enterpriM, whose all is invested in industrial under- 
 takings; how any workman, whose employment depends upon the 
 success of the existing industries and upon the creation of others ; 
 how any merchant, whose business rests upon the prosperity of 
 tilt entire community ; how any farmer, whose prices are governed 
 by the size and nearness of his market, can place himself and his 
 interests in the power of politicians who arc openly and fraiiklv 
 his enemies, and who tolerate him only as a matter of expediency 
 o- of charity. The time to withdraw from this preposterous and 
 dangerous situation has surely come. With every country, situated 
 as ours is, protecting its own interests and building up its own 
 slrcngili in men and in industry, it is our best policy to unite in 
 a firm and aggressive Canadian movement. Mr. Tartc, as we have 
 said, has endeavored to impose the Canadian view upon the poli- 
 ticians with whom he is working. But the jeers with which he has 
 been met; the suggestions of corruption and plunder which are 
 oflcrcd with regard to those who think with him; the threats that 
 are made of impending action antagonistic to Canadian progress, 
 announces in terms that all can understand that it is idle to trust 
 Mr. Tarte's colleagues in the future. 
 
 " Pressure may compel the retrogressive element to relent for 
 the moment. It may prevent the immediate introduction of the 
 threatened further free trade measures. It may even force conces- 
 sions here and there to the protective view. But the leaven re- 
 mains, and stability cannot be expected so long as that element 
 dominates. The Halifax Chronicle and the Toronto Globe call for 
 a straight division on fiscal lines. These official agencies have 
 ordered those who believe in moderate protection, and who object to 
 any further injury to our workmen, and to the interests dependent 
 either directly or indirectly upon industry, to expect nothing but 
 disappointment from the Government as at present constituted. It 
 is an invitation to the industrial forces to get out of the party if 
 any of them are in it; and it must be confessed that the idea is 
 not .'ithout merit. That individual enterprise and national progress 
 should remain voluntarily at the mercy of the opponents of both is 
 certainly absurd." 
 
 MAIL AND EMPIRE, Oct. 21, 1902: 
 
 " Mr. Tarte is a protectionist. He believes that the Liberal- 
 Conservative policy of adequate industrial defence is the proper 
 thing for Canada. When the free traders, led by Mr. Sifton, fore- 
 shadowed another instalment of free trade, Mr. Tarte. who, to the 
 knowledge of Sir Wjlfrid Laurier, had pledged himself to a higher 
 tHrifl 'during the last election, came forward and insisted upon the 
 observance of the doctrines as committed to him. A war ensued. 
 The free trade ministers, through their various organs, ridiculed 
 and assailed their colleague. 
 
" Sir Wilfrid has apparently yielded to those of his colleagues 
 who are against a progressive Canadian policy. Mr. Tarte has 
 therefore to step out. The movement will deprive the Government 
 of its most active member, and will indicate, with more certainty 
 than in the past, where the Ministry stands on the question of de- 
 fending Canada's industrial interests." 
 
 MAIL .'\ND EMPIRE, Oct. 22, 1902: 
 
 The Mail ami Empire of Oct. 22, 1902, under the heading, 
 'The Ottawa Crisis; Mr. Tarte's Frotection Speeches Lead to His 
 Ejection from Cabinet," published a long editorial, in which it said: 
 
 " But, leaving this phase of the difficulty aside, it is clear that, 
 soon after Mr. Tarte embarked upon his campaign, the free trade 
 forces in the Government began to feel that their position was mi- 
 ptrilled. and that they would have to fiRht for their own hand. 
 They put u]> a visorous and bitter contest, and have succeeded m 
 snp]]rcssing the protective clement in the Government and m the 
 
 '■' The significance of the ejection of Mr. Tarte lies in the fact 
 tl-.at wc have a straight repudiation of the policy he has been advo- 
 cating. Sir Wilfrid, to be sure, endeavors in his letter accepting the 
 enforced resignation, to base his action in calling upon Mr. Tarte 
 lo withdraw upon the charge that his late colleague has been speak- 
 ing without authority, and not upon the policy that has been advo- 
 cated. But if the policy were acceptable, the advocacy of the policy 
 wniM be not nierelv acceptable and excusable.but decidedly welcome. 
 It therefore follows that the dismissal of Mr. Tarte is a declaration 
 against the principle of Canada for the Canadians, which looks to 
 the upbuilding of our industries, the defence of workmen, and the 
 rapid develop -ncnt of the country in all lines of effort. This is the 
 first time that the Government has frankly announced where it 
 stands, and its declaration is so emphatic that no ma 1 can misunder- 
 stand it." 
 
 M.\IL .\ND EMPIRE. Oct. 28th, 1902: 
 
 " The dramatic episode of last week has given strength to the 
 out-and-out free trade element in the Laurier party. From the far 
 West to the far East the cry is raised that another and a decisive 
 • move owards the promised goal must and will soon be effected. Mr. 
 Scott, the member for West Assiniboia. gives the assurance that 
 the industry of the East is to receive no consideration, but, on the 
 contrary, a' further instalment of low tariff. The Letellier Club, 
 of Montreal, taking advantage of the recent tragedy, impressed upon 
 the Government the desirability of proceeding along the historic 
 lines of the party in the direction of free trade as promised by the 
 Premier. Mr. Fielding's paper, the Chronicle, of Halifax, sees in 
 
the ejection of Mr. Tarte, a clear-cut division between the two 
 political forces. Mr. Tarte having gone out, the free traders arc 
 supreme among the Liberals, and the protectionists are suppressed." 
 
 MONTREAL STAR, Oct. 22, 1902: 
 
 " But actions speak louder than words, and the fact that the 
 Government has parted with Mr. Tarte rather than even discuss 
 . with him for a single day the policv he has been advocating, is 
 extremely significant. The irresistible inference is that the last 
 vestige of protcrtioiiisiii went out of the Cabinet with .Mr. Tarte. ;iii I 
 that the Go.urnnient will now feel free to carrv out its anti--cl(iti(tn 
 pledges. If there are any protectionists left in the Cabinet thev an- 
 tolerated only upon the condition that they swallow their jiriiiciples 
 and for any good they may be to the cause nf protection, tbcy iiiigln 
 as well be members of a deaf and dumb institute." 
 
 MONTREAL STAR, Oct. 23rd. 1902; 
 
 " That the most active minister has left the Cabinet is impor- 
 tant, not merely as an interesting event giving rise to speculaton 
 concerning the outpoer's future course, and the effect of his rrtirc- 
 nient on the strength and the prospects of political parties, but as 
 indicating, probably, the Premier's consent to a policv cither of im- 
 mobility or of retrogression in respect of the tariff'. ' There would 
 be no sense or logic in his objection to Mr. Tarte's demand for tariff 
 rt vision of a protective nature if he and his Cnliinet were intendin ; 
 such revision. Freed of their powerful protectionist colleague, the 
 free traders of the Ministry may carry revision the wrong way. 
 Thus not only are the industries of Canada threatened as at present 
 by the Ministry's inaction, but also newly endangered bv the too 
 great probability that Sir Richard, Mr. Fisher, Mr. Sifton and the 
 other free trade doctrinaires in power may endeavor to lessen ex- 
 isting present protection. That we take to be the important matter 
 in connection with Mr. Tarte's retirement to wliich bii^i'.,.. ;,'oi 
 will feel their attention called." 
 
 OTTAWA CITIZEN, Oct. 2.sth, 1902: 
 
 " The friends of protection have watched them with apprelicn- 
 sion ana the sacrifice of Tarte, the protectionist, at the demand of 
 the free trade element of the Liberal partv is conclusive proof that 
 this suspicion and apprehension have been well founded The cour- 
 ageous action of Mr. Tarte may defer his late colleagues for the 
 present from interfering with the tariff, but the public is satisfied 
 that It IS in dangerous hands. From a broad, national standpoint 
 the Citizen admires and commends the action of Mr Tarte That 
 he may be nominally a Liberal is beside the question. He has made 
 a stand on a policy that is still national and with which the future- 
 
vclfarc fif Canada is inscjiarably connected, and the method of his 
 expulsion from the administration, no less than the act itself, is 
 eloquent of the veiled antagonism of his late colleagues towards 
 the views he upholds. We believe that the incident will awaken 
 the people of Canada to the fact that the tariff is not safe in the 
 hands of the I.aurier administration, and to the un-wisdom of longer 
 committing such a trust to men whose political sympathies arc 
 really antagonistic to a policy they merely tolerate." 
 
 Summarizing the situation, several things arc dear; 
 
 1. The Conservatives, by formal resolution and by speeches in 
 Parliament, have declared for high protection ; for a tariff accord- 
 ing to tlii'ir leader, Mr, R. I,, liorden. as high as the United States 
 tiiriff, which averages over 50 per cent. 
 
 2. The Conservative policy is the same as that of the Canadian 
 Manufacturers' Association, whose only purpose is to increase, 
 by means of the tariff, tlie price of all goods they have to sell. 
 
 3. The Liberal policy is directly opposed to the policy of pro- 
 tection. The Conservative pap .rs and politicians recognize this and 
 vilify Messrs. Sifton, Fielding and Fisher and other Ministers who 
 have prominently championed the consumers. 
 
 4. Sup]x)rt of the Conservatives means support for a policy that 
 will increase the price of all manufactured goods. 
 
 5. Support of the Liberals means support for a policy calculated 
 to make necessities low-priced. 
 
 6. No matter what individuals may say, the two parties stand 
 ui.itinctly <iividcd cm the tariff: The Liberals for low tariff, the 
 Conservatives for high tariff, and any voter who is interested in 
 tariff matters can therefore have no difficulty in expressing his 
 opinion at the poll.