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THE TARIFF ISSU

IN CANADA

The Attitude of the Two Parties
Regarding It

Extracts from Speeches, Resolutions and the

Party Press, showing clearly what each

Party stands for with respect

to Customs Duties

It is important that the people of Canada should know exactly
how the political parties stand with respect to the tariff. It is
therefore proposed to submit a collection of speeches and declara-
tions to show the attitude of each.

In the first place, then, the electors should know that the Con-
servative party to-day stands for the highest form of high protecfon,
the kind of protection that the manufacturers believe in. 'I'he
Conservative policy was formally set forth during the Parliamentary
Session of 1902. Here is the resolution containing it as proposed
by the Conservative leader, Mr. R. L. Borden, and supported by
his followers :

" This House, regarding the operation of the present tariff as
unsatisfactory, is of opinion that this country requires a declared
policy of adequate protection to its labor, agricultural products,
manufactures and industries, as will at all times secure the Canadian
market for Canadians. And, while always firmly maintaining the
necessity of such protection to Canadian interests, this House affirms

its belief in a policy of reciprocal trade preferences within the
Empire."

Now, the above policy is identical in effect with the tariff
pioposals of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, as set forth
by resolution at the big convention held at Halifax. The Manu-
facturers' lesolut'on was as follows:

" Resolved at, in tlie opinion of this .\ssociation, the changed
conditions wh..h now obtain in Canada, demand the immediate
and thorough revision of the tariff upon lines that will more effec-
tually transfer to the workshops of the Dominion the manufacture
of many of the goods which we now import from other countries.
" "That in any sucli revision the interests of all the sections of
the community, whether of mining, fishing, or manufacturing,
shoulil be ful'y considered, with a view, not only to the preservation,
hut to the future development of all these great national industries.
" That, while such tariff shall be primarily framed for Cana-
dian interests, it should nevertheless give a substantial prefereiice
to the mother country, and, also, to any other part of tl>e British
Empire with which reciprocal preferential trade can be arranged
to our mutual advantage, recognizing always that under any con-
ditions the minimum tariflf must aflford adequate protection to all
Canadian producers."

The more the two resolutions are studied, the more points of
identity are discovered. The only object tlu manufactfrcrs have
in their tariflf proposals is to bring about .:onditions which will
enable them to charge more for their products than they do to-day.
That is, they want to make the consumer pay higher prices. The
Conservative policy is the same as that of the manufacturers. The
Conservatives want to make the consumer pay higher prices.

That the " adequate protection " of the C nservative policy
means the highest possible protection, is shown by the speeches of
Conservative M. P.'s in Parliament. Below are extracts from
speeches by Mr, Borden and others.

All the extracts are from Revised Hansard, the official report
of Parliamentary proceedings. It may be explained that the proofs
of every speech delivered in Parliament are sent to the M. P. deliv-
ering the speech, and he makes all necessary corrections. Thu. 't
IS clear that, so far as Hansard reports are concerned, no one can
claim to have been misrepresented.

The following are extracts from tariff speeches by Conservative
leaders :

l^l

National library
Of Canada

Bibliothique natlonate
du Canada

.MR. R. L. BORDEN. LEADER OF THE CONSERV \TIVE
PARTY.
(From Hansaril, for Session of ltj<>2, page 28.)
"I. for one. do not belirve in the iloctrine of liiiyinp; in the
cheapest market, if it is to be done at the expense of our manu-
facturing industries."

I I'rom Hansard, pajje I,?,U*
■ ' >ne would expect tliat if we intend to maintain and Imild un
our own products and manufactures against such powerful and
treriiendous competition as that whidi we nnist anticipate from the
United States, we woidd fix our tarifT of customs against that
country on a scale at least as hiKli as is that of their tariff against
US. We must remember that our i>roducers and manufacturers are
restricted very much as to the home market, while in C.rcat Britain
and in other countries we enjoy no advantages in their markets
over the I'nited States. In Germany, fur example, Canadian prod-
ucts have to meet a less favorable tariff than that which tlie L'nited
States enjoys. While we have no greater advantages abroad, we
have a more restricted market at home on account of our small
population; and we, therefore, can reasonablv sav that, having
regard to that fact, there is all the more reason for' that restricted
market, such as it is. being protected for the manufacturers an<l for
the agricultural pro<lHcers of this countrv."

(From Hansard, page i.?35.)

" Therefore, 91 per cent, of the goods manufactured in Canada
have been consumc<l in Cana<la. We have, consequentlv. at the
present time, to look to the home market and not to a foreign market.
Having regard to that, is it not right that we should take care
that the home market is properly protected for the industries of
this country ?"

(From Hansard, page 1,^,^6

" ^\ hat I object to in any principle of reciprocity of tariff
or retaliation of tariffs is that IT MAY BIXD US TO TUT OUR
TARIFF DOWN, admitting United States manufactures to crush
out our own manufactures, &c."

(From Hansard, page 1337.)
" Though I believe the laboring classes, the manufacturing
classes and the agricultural classes of this country, for the sake
of devetoping the country, for the sake of keeping their markets
for themselves, for the sake of preventing American competition,
which has reached so disastrous a point, would be willing for a
few years at least, to pay slightly increased prices, if nccessarv."

Mr.

MR. RUFUS POPE. M.P.
Rufus Pope, M.P.. like his leader, has

talked protectioi,

pretty straight. Hansard of 1902, page 2419. re|K)rts him a'^ 'aving
in regard to Mr. Borden's tariff resohition:

"Thi' rc-oIntii'M lliat I wmld liav.- prcfcrri'd vmhiM h;.w Iktii
for n Chinese wall all round."

( l''roni Hansard, pa^e 24-'5'

"That policy which we shall propound will he one which will
carry out, only in a more extended de«ree, the ohject* aimed at
by tiie policy which our political father., adopted m if'-S.

A. C. BELL. M.r.
Mr. A. C. Bell, of I'ictou, said (Hansard, page 267) :
" Krce Traders we cannot exjwct or hope to he, and tlurciore
it strikes me that the only alternative hefore us is one Ica.hnp; to a
system of protection which shall be really ctTcctive, and not merely

nominal.'' . , ^ ,

(From Hansard, page \(*/>.)

"So far as we on this side of the House arc concerned, we
arc free to say that we desire a policy that shaH declare and shall
establish such a system of protection as will sustam and protect
every industry in Canada to-dav. and will as rapidly as possihV;
<levelop withiii our country such industries as are likely to succeed
ir if and that as soon as imssibk- Canada shall, m ihc matter
of manufacturing, supply all her own wants and shall buy as little
as possible from the outside world "

(From Hansard, page 1698.)

" Now, in respect to free trade with the United States, it is
perfectly clear from the figures given us in the course of this
debate by the Hon. Member for North Norfolk, that we have not
.sufficient protection."

(From Hansard, pa"" 1705)

" I am always free to believe that in this matter (Preferential
Tariff) our Government has made the mistake of being too generous,
and did not in the full realize, as it now does, the consequences
of it."

MR. N'ORTllKUP, M.P.

Mr. Northrup. of Hastings, is reported in Hansrird oi' 1002,
page 2269, as follows:

•'The Conservative party lays down the principle which the
hon gentlemen are beginning to understand that it is just as
essential that the protection given to any industry shall be a com-
plete and adequate protection for the time being as it is that that
protection shall be a constant protection, so that those who engage

rtMl>-->>TWMiW^K3

iti that iiultistry iieid imt lie nfraiil tliat I'vory M-s^inn tlii'v may
have all tlu'ir sdn-ks ami p^■til^ swipt awav. hm shall know th.it
the Covrrnnicnt i> jtniiit; tn ^i\i' that inilii^tn the protection it
requires.'

I)K. SrUOlLE, MR

I Ml pane i7;8 of Hansanl. i(;<)j. appears the followinj; from
the lips of Dr. Sprotile. of East Crey:

" Our policy is a protective |X)licy in the interests of the people

of the country." "It aims at protectini; the laUir of

the country; it aims at protecting the mannfactnres of the country.
an<l not allowinp; this market to he made a slau|.;Iiter market (or
the -nrplus | rodncts oi foreign coimtries."

E. F. CLARKE. M.I'.
(Hansard, [902, page 1614. )
" There is certainly a fjreat deal of room for improvement m
that tariff; and if the resolution jirescnted hy the hon. leader of
the Opposition met with the approval of the members of this I louse,
k decided improvement would he made in the tarilT and a sub-
stantial benefit done to the interests of the country thereby."

(From Hansard. pa};e 1639.)

" And that the resolution presented by the hon. leader of the
Opposition (Mr. Rorden, Halifax) is on the right line; that the
time has come when a declaration of a definite policy of protection
should be announced by the Parliament of Canada, a policy under
which we would not be meetiiif; with appeals from year to year
from manufacturers and workiiiRmen, askint; for the reasonable
measure of protection to which tliey are entitled to enable them to
carry on their business apainst the fierce competition which exists
in the I'nited States and elsewhere throughout the world."

MR. CLANCY, M.P.
(From Hansard. 1902, pafr^ 2,^66.)
" How can be better the country by a revenue tariff? That
is a dead-weipbt tax-collectinpr tariff, but a protective tariff protects
the interests of the people of ' pada, and it is the only weapon we
can use against foreign comitries who make commercial warfare
on us. '

(From Hansard, page 2351.)
" .\nd what are the weapons of defence that shall be used in
Canada ? Does not the hon. gentleman throw them away when
he refuses to use them and proposes to impose a dead weight upon
Canada by a revenue tariff, as he calls it ?"

mimL^xm»Bim

(Irom Hansard, paRt- 2.VS2. )
" Why, Sir, the preference was givi'ii to (irtat llritaiti alone,
and till- oiilionic is that ilierc is not onr rivU'<<nin); feainn- in the
preferential tariff in so far as any benefit t.p the iwoplo "f C ana<ia
is concerned."

RR'llAr<n III.AIN, Ml'.

Richard Itlain, of Tccl, said (Hansard, \<)OJ. paRO 1407):
" In so far as I am concerned, I wish to say that the preferential
tariff is not at all satisfactory to the jieople."
(From Hansard, page 1 499'
"1 hold that the tariff should be so arrange<l that every insti-
lulion in this countrv which is nian«f.ictnrint; t,"K»ls to lie consumed
hy the Canadian people, should have sufficient protdUon to keep
out the same class of goods made in any foreign country;^ and I
I'.nc no hesitation in savmi,' that if that country should be hnsland,
the policy of Canada should be framed in the interests 0/ the Can-
cdian taxpayer as against the people who are producing the same
class of goods even in the Old Country, under the same flag."

r.EORGE TAYLOR, MP.

George Taylor, 0' South Leeds, chief' Conservative whip, is
reported on page 2087 of Hansard. iqo2. as saying:

" Here we stand as one man declaring in farvor of increased
and adequate protection to the manufacturing, agriculture, fishing,
mining and other interests of this country."

Andrew Broder, of Dundas. is reported on page 2191 "f Han-
sard, 1902, as saying:

■' H there is one thing more than another that renders high
protection necessary in Canada, it is the con litions of the country."

W. R. BROCK, M.P.
W. R. Brock, Centre Toronto, Hansard of 1902, said, on page

1562:

" If they are not free traders, they nnist be protectionists. The
medium course is not an honest course. This country is demanding
that our industries should be protected."

On the same page he referred to the preferential tariff as a
' one-sided preference," and on page 1565 he said:

" If you give such transportation facilities that our farmers
in the North-West place their grain in the English market at a
favorable price, as compared with grain from the United States,
1 contend that the people o{ the North-West are big enough and

ilrang enough tn stand a iiltic duiy on some kmds of importtd
goods, '

D. HENDERSON, MR

Mr. Urndcrson, of Halton. another proniincnl Consfrrvative
member, devoted a great deal of atu-ntion to an atlaik on the
preferential tariff, Hai.sard, at i^ge 2376, reix)rts liini as saying:

"Then the hon. gentleman spoke very badly al- Mt. the prcfer-
t-ntial tariff, and asked: Why do yon not move to r<.|)eal it ? If
»( had liiiy of a majority on this >i.le of ilif House Kv u'lnild ver\
■won repeat il. I would have no hesitation any day recording my
^ote m this House to wipe out the present r<ferential tariflf I
never favored it. I do not expect to live loi. , enough to be able
to favor a one-sided preference such as wc have now."

Mr. Henderson also took strong exception to the claim ni some
of his fellow-Conservatives that t' • Liberals had stolen the Con-
servative's clothes. Hansaril ol 1902 reports him at page 2384
as saying:

" J' ^**' *^''' '" *he early days of the present tariff thai the
Liberals had stolen our clothes. I never said so, but of course
when the preferential duty was only 12 1-2 i)tr c nt., and .vhen, on
colored cotton goods and many other goods, tl- luties were prac-
tically the same as under the Conservative regl .c, there was some
reason for perhaps coming to the conclusion, without due consid-
eration, that the Liberals had stolen our clothes, fiut 1 UO NOT
CONSIDER THAT Ti:SY HA\'R DONE ANYTHING OF
THE KLND. I AM ONLY SORRY THAT THEY DID ' V
FOR IT WOULD HAVE BEEN BETTER FOR THE CO 1-
TRY IF THEY HAD. THEIR TARIFF IS, INSTEAD JUST
THE ANTIPODES OF OURS."

A POLICY OF HIGHER PRICES.

The lesson from the above quotation is this :

The Conservative party, by formal resolution in Parliament,
has declared for a policy of " adequate protection," which means,
in the light of the speeches of its leading M.P.'s, a policy of the
highest kind of protection. The party is not satisfied with the
protection of the old N. P., but, in the words of the leader, R. L.
Borden, wants a tariff at least as hieh as that of the United States.
It is clear that on the tariff question the Conservatives and manu
facturers agree. Both want increased protection. The only reason
that increased protection is desired by the manufacturers is that

it wilt enable them to charge higher prices for their products. If it
did not it would be of no value to them. But the object of the
manufacturers' policy being to secure higher prices, the object of
the Conservative policy, which is identical with that of the manu-
facturers, must be the same. Therefore, the Conservative policy is
to increase the prices of the articles required by the Canadian
consumer.

LIBERAL POLICY.

The Liberal policy upon the tariff question is ciystallized in the
present tariff.

Wlien the Liberal party met in the great National Convention,
held at Ottawa in June, 1893, the commercial situation of the country
was fully and carefully considered, and it was declared that the
highest interests of Canada demanded the removal of the policy then
existent, which was founded upon the principle of protection and
the substitution of a sound fiscal policy, which, while not doing
injustice to any class, would promote domestic and foreign trade
and hasten the return of prosperity to our people. It was also
declared that the tariff should be reduced to the needs of honest,
economical, and efficient government, and that it should be so
adjusted as to make free or bear as lightly as possible upon the
necessaries of life, and should be so arranged as to promote freer
trade with the whole world, particularly with Great Britain and
the United States.

That, in substance, was the pronouncement or pledge of the
Liberal party on the trade question ; that was the message of the
Liberal party to its leaders when they assumed the reins of power
in 1896.

What has been the fulfilment ?

The first step taken by the Government was the appointment
of a committee of its members, comprising Hon. Sir Richard Cart-
wright, Hon. W. S. Fielding, and Hon. Wm. Paterson, to ascertain
in an exact and definite way the precise situation of all classes
and sections of the country an"' their actual needs. This committee
held meetings in most of the principal cities and towns of the
countrv. which were attended by representative men in all spheres
of industrial life, v^fho were given every opportunity of expressing
their views.

Having completed their labors, the committee duly made its

report to the Government, and the whole question was then given
that full, fair and serious consideration which its great importance
demanded.

The result of the delibi .jns of the Government was the
adoption of the present trade policy, which was a judicious, business-
like, well-considered, and very material measure of reform. The
chief features of that policy were :

First. A reduction in the average rate of ta.xation of about ten
per cent, from the rate under the Conservative tariff of 1896.

Second. The transference to the free list of a larjje number of
articles which are necessaries of the farmer, such as binder twine.
barb and other fencing wire, Indian corn, cream separators, and a
reduction in the rates of many other articles of necessity to the
farmer and people generally.

Third. A reduction in the rates of duty on iron and steel and
coal, and the transference to the free list of many articles of raw
material, thus stimulating manufacturing industries.

Fourth. An increase in the duties on wines, spirits, ci;.;ars and
other luxuries, and,

LAST, but by no means least, the granting o! a substantial
preference to the goods of Great Britain.

The wisdoni of that policy is reflected in the prosjjonjus con-
dition of the country since its adoption. It is generally considered
bv all \v\m have taken the trouble to study the question, that the
new tariff was a very fair measure of tariff reform and a well-
considered step in the right direction.

The Government gave careful thought to the conditions of
trade in all parts of the Dominion, and framed a tariff based upon
revenue, not protection, as a principle, a tariff which does injusice
to no class, which is simple in classification, and which matcriallv
reduced the burdens of the people.

Liberals stand to-day upon the same tariff platform that they
stood upon in 1896 and 1900. But some Conservatives, upon finding
themselves in districts vfhere high protection is unpopular, try to
distract attention from themselves by attributing protectionist views
ti the Liberals. The best answer to such allegations can be obtaine I
fiom Conservative sources. In the first place we have the testimony
(already quoted) o£ Mr. D. Henderson, M.P. for Halton, that
the Liberals have not "stolen our protectionist clothes." And we

have but to look at the Conservative newspapers to get any quantity
of such testimony. Now, if these papers thought there was any-
thing in the " stolen clothes " idea, they would not hesitate to exploit
it, for the theft would be the strongest possible tribute to their
policy. But they emphasize the fact that the Liberals do not stand
for protection and appeal to the protectionists to have nothing to
do with the party that dares to show any consideration for the
consumer. Here are a few quotations in this connection;

TORONTO MAIL AND EifPIRE, chief Conservative organ,

Feb. 15th, 1902:

•• We cannot allow our own industries to be wiped out, as they
would be, if the Sifton view should prevail."

MAIL AND EMPIRE, April 19th, 1902:

"At this moment the Provincial Government supports Mr.
Sifton, who says that Ontario industries, if insufficiently protected,
lii'tl better shut up."

MAIL AND EMPIRE, Sept. 8, 1902:

" Mr. Tarte has lost no time in replying to his colleague, Mr.
Sifton. Immediately that Mr. Sifton issued his lower tariff inter-
\iew Mr. Tarte hastened to Toronto with a higher tariff nation.
Mthouch Mr. Tarte does not say in so many words that the Liberal-
Conservative policy of Canada for the Canadians is, and always
was right, that is what his speech means. He points to the growing
importations from the United States, and wants to know why we
cannot have proper tariff laws, building up our own industries for
our own operatives and our own farmers. Mr. Sifton, who says
that proper tariff laws rob the consumer, now has the floor. It
rests with him to justify his lower tariff crusade."

"Where are Ontario's Cabinet representatives m the taritt
fight ? Are they all afriad of Mr. Sifton ?"

OTTAWA CITIZEN, Sept. 16, 1902:

■' The Toronto Star, the newspaper organ of Hon. Mr. Mulock,
demands that the leaders of the Liberal party shall not forget those
who journeyed with them long years in the wilderness; namely,
the free traders, and savs the latter expect that, although they may
sometimes sit at the table of the Philistines " (meamng thereby the
protectionists), " they will remain true to Israel.

"The utterance, of the Liberal press, both in its virulent at-
tacks on Hon. J. Israel Tarte, and its subsequent comments on the
existing situation, give ground for serious surmise that there is
more in the present row than appears on the surface. Has the
I iberal party, or at least its leaders, been meditating the overthrow

of protection, and is the sudden .bolt of Hon. Mr. Tarte in
the nature of a revolt against a movement as yet only foreshadowed
in the utterances of the Grit press. From the latest tones of these
comments it looks as though Mr. Tarte had forced the hand of
plotters who have in view nothing less than the overthrow of the
tariiT and a return, if not to free trade, to tariff for revenue only.
The mere difference of opinion l)etwecn the two ministers a^ tn
whether the policy of protection should remain as it is. or that
ll e Government sliould go a little further, hardly accounts for tlu'
virulence with which Mr. Tarte has been attacked in the columns
of the leading Liberal newspapers for voicinp; his views. It was
more like the embittered vituperation of foiled conspirators, whose
plans had been thwarted, than the grave and temperate reasoning
of a party press with, let us say, an imprudent member of the
Government in the absence of the Prime Minister.

"That appears to be frank enough. The free trade cranks did
not think the country would stand for a reversal of policv when
the Liberal party came into power, but now, as times are prosperous
and people in better temper, they think the occasion opportune to
throw protection to the winds an<l go-back to a tariff for revenue
only. Here is the proposal made in cold blood by a paper that
is recognized as the mouthpiece of a minister for Ontario, and the
utterances of other leading Liberal organs, though more or less
veiled as yet, bear a similar construction.

• " The large majority of the people of Canada are protectionist's.
The prosperity of Canada is founded upon an 1 guarded b\ pro-
tection. What guarantee of permanence is there, or ever has been,
trvr that policy in the hands of its avowed and determined onnnnents -
They have made concessions to the exigencies of the situation, as
the Star says, but in their hearts they are not in sympathy with it.
and it would appear that when the exigencies of the s'tuation
permit they are ready to undermine and overthrow it."

MAIL AND EMPIRE, Oct. 4th, 1902 :

" With increasing violence is the campaign against Canadian
irjdustry conducted by the free trade wing. There can be no
doubt that the struggle was precipitated by the war-like declarations
of Mr. Sifton at the last Liberal convention in Winnipeg. After
apologizing for the moderation of the tariff reductions so far made.
Mr. Sifton sounded the free trade slogan, and pronounced, as a
Western man, against the Eastern worker. .Mready the defence of
the Eastern enemy had been reduced by a compromise between
the protectionists and free traders in the Government. While the
present duties might not be heavy, that, nevertheless, was no reason
why they should not be lighter. If the Eastern industries could
not live under the present tariff, the sooner they shut up the better.

" Mr. Sifton's cue has been accepted by his faction in and

out of the Government. Mr. Fisher, and the agency controlled
by that Minister, demanded a further assault upon industry. The
Toronto Globe announces in triumphant tones, that the work is
certainly to be continued. It threatens, as another instalment, a
further increase in the British preference, which, as we all know,
is more useful to Germany than the Motherland. Tariff changes
there will be, says the organ, but they will all be in the direction
of freedom or free trade, and not of restriction or defence for Cana-
dian labor. In the far East the Halifax Chronicle has taken up the
tunc. That paper represents the situation as one appertammg
cxclusivelv to the manufacturers. It throws aside with contempt
the interests of the great army of operatives skilled in industrial
lilies, the interests of the merchants who sell to them, and the
interests of the farmer who feed them. The manufacturers, we are
told, have huge funds at their disposal. They intend to place these
funds where they will do the most good ; that is to say, they mtend
to buy the politicians as cheaply as possible, and in turn to sell
lliemselves to the politicians at fancy prices.

•' Their aim is to secure adeauate protection for Canadian in-
dustry. Thev did this once before, and the N. P. was the outcome.
Then the Liberal party came into power, but even they, fresh from
the people, had not the strength or the courage to carry out their
undertakings in full. The day for action has come, for, says the
Halifax Chronicle:

'Now is the time for Canada to resist— to make an effective
stand for industrial and commercial freedom. Everything but the
interests of the combined manufacturers and a few contemptible,
time-serving politicians, urges the people to stand firm. Will the
people encounter the certainty of being plundered and trampled
ii]xi" fur voars to come for the gratification of any petty partisan
considerations, or that a few selfish manufacturing and political
schemers may triumph ?'

" The an Canadian policy is thus preached. It is war to the
l.nife a!.':iinst i^anadian industry, against the Canadian workman,
and against the Canadian faimer, although as a political or diplo-
matic exjudient. the manufacturer is mentioned as the criminal in
the case. Mr. Tarte's efforts to graft a Canadian policy upon the
party have been so far in vain. The more earnestly he has urged
the abandonment of the old views, the more violently have the
doctrines been asserted, and the more threatening has the attitude
of the anti-Canadian wing become. The situation now, in view of
the fury with which the general interests are attacked, is more
serious for the people than it has been for years. There is a pro-
nounced element in the pa..y that will not listen to reason, and
that, even if it should make a temporary surrender, or consent to
another compromise to protectitself in office for a few years, cannot
possibly be trusted. In the past it has been difficult to understand

how any man of enterpriM, whose all is invested in industrial under-
takings; how any workman, whose employment depends upon the
success of the existing industries and upon the creation of others ;
how any merchant, whose business rests upon the prosperity of
tilt entire community ; how any farmer, whose prices are governed
by the size and nearness of his market, can place himself and his
interests in the power of politicians who arc openly and fraiiklv
his enemies, and who tolerate him only as a matter of expediency
o- of charity. The time to withdraw from this preposterous and
dangerous situation has surely come. With every country, situated
as ours is, protecting its own interests and building up its own
slrcngili in men and in industry, it is our best policy to unite in
a firm and aggressive Canadian movement. Mr. Tartc, as we have
said, has endeavored to impose the Canadian view upon the poli-
ticians with whom he is working. But the jeers with which he has
been met; the suggestions of corruption and plunder which are
oflcrcd with regard to those who think with him; the threats that
are made of impending action antagonistic to Canadian progress,
announces in terms that all can understand that it is idle to trust
Mr. Tarte's colleagues in the future.

" Pressure may compel the retrogressive element to relent for
the moment. It may prevent the immediate introduction of the
threatened further free trade measures. It may even force conces-
sions here and there to the protective view. But the leaven re-
mains, and stability cannot be expected so long as that element
dominates. The Halifax Chronicle and the Toronto Globe call for
a straight division on fiscal lines. These official agencies have
ordered those who believe in moderate protection, and who object to
any further injury to our workmen, and to the interests dependent
either directly or indirectly upon industry, to expect nothing but
disappointment from the Government as at present constituted. It
is an invitation to the industrial forces to get out of the party if
any of them are in it; and it must be confessed that the idea is
not .'ithout merit. That individual enterprise and national progress
should remain voluntarily at the mercy of the opponents of both is
certainly absurd."

MAIL AND EMPIRE, Oct. 21, 1902:

" Mr. Tarte is a protectionist. He believes that the Liberal-
Conservative policy of adequate industrial defence is the proper
thing for Canada. When the free traders, led by Mr. Sifton, fore-
shadowed another instalment of free trade, Mr. Tarte. who, to the
knowledge of Sir Wjlfrid Laurier, had pledged himself to a higher
tHrifl 'during the last election, came forward and insisted upon the
observance of the doctrines as committed to him. A war ensued.
The free trade ministers, through their various organs, ridiculed
and assailed their colleague.

" Sir Wilfrid has apparently yielded to those of his colleagues
who are against a progressive Canadian policy. Mr. Tarte has
therefore to step out. The movement will deprive the Government
of its most active member, and will indicate, with more certainty
than in the past, where the Ministry stands on the question of de-
fending Canada's industrial interests."

MAIL .'\ND EMPIRE, Oct. 22, 1902:

The Mail ami Empire of Oct. 22, 1902, under the heading,
'The Ottawa Crisis; Mr. Tarte's Frotection Speeches Lead to His
Ejection from Cabinet," published a long editorial, in which it said:

" But, leaving this phase of the difficulty aside, it is clear that,
soon after Mr. Tarte embarked upon his campaign, the free trade
forces in the Government began to feel that their position was mi-
ptrilled. and that they would have to fiRht for their own hand.
They put u]> a visorous and bitter contest, and have succeeded m
snp]]rcssing the protective clement in the Government and m the

'■' The significance of the ejection of Mr. Tarte lies in the fact
tl-.at wc have a straight repudiation of the policy he has been advo-
cating. Sir Wilfrid, to be sure, endeavors in his letter accepting the
enforced resignation, to base his action in calling upon Mr. Tarte
lo withdraw upon the charge that his late colleague has been speak-
ing without authority, and not upon the policy that has been advo-
cated. But if the policy were acceptable, the advocacy of the policy
wniM be not nierelv acceptable and excusable.but decidedly welcome.
It therefore follows that the dismissal of Mr. Tarte is a declaration
against the principle of Canada for the Canadians, which looks to
the upbuilding of our industries, the defence of workmen, and the
rapid develop -ncnt of the country in all lines of effort. This is the
first time that the Government has frankly announced where it
stands, and its declaration is so emphatic that no ma 1 can misunder-
stand it."

M.\IL .\ND EMPIRE. Oct. 28th, 1902:

" The dramatic episode of last week has given strength to the
out-and-out free trade element in the Laurier party. From the far
West to the far East the cry is raised that another and a decisive
• move owards the promised goal must and will soon be effected. Mr.
Scott, the member for West Assiniboia. gives the assurance that
the industry of the East is to receive no consideration, but, on the
contrary, a' further instalment of low tariff. The Letellier Club,
of Montreal, taking advantage of the recent tragedy, impressed upon
the Government the desirability of proceeding along the historic
lines of the party in the direction of free trade as promised by the
Premier. Mr. Fielding's paper, the Chronicle, of Halifax, sees in

the ejection of Mr. Tarte, a clear-cut division between the two
political forces. Mr. Tarte having gone out, the free traders arc
supreme among the Liberals, and the protectionists are suppressed."

MONTREAL STAR, Oct. 22, 1902:

" But actions speak louder than words, and the fact that the
Government has parted with Mr. Tarte rather than even discuss
. with him for a single day the policv he has been advocating, is
extremely significant. The irresistible inference is that the last
vestige of protcrtioiiisiii went out of the Cabinet with .Mr. Tarte. ;iii I
that the Go.urnnient will now feel free to carrv out its anti--cl(iti(tn
pledges. If there are any protectionists left in the Cabinet thev an-
tolerated only upon the condition that they swallow their jiriiiciples
and for any good they may be to the cause nf protection, tbcy iiiigln
as well be members of a deaf and dumb institute."

MONTREAL STAR, Oct. 23rd. 1902;

" That the most active minister has left the Cabinet is impor-
tant, not merely as an interesting event giving rise to speculaton
concerning the outpoer's future course, and the effect of his rrtirc-
nient on the strength and the prospects of political parties, but as
indicating, probably, the Premier's consent to a policv cither of im-
mobility or of retrogression in respect of the tariff'. ' There would
be no sense or logic in his objection to Mr. Tarte's demand for tariff
rt vision of a protective nature if he and his Cnliinet were intendin ;
such revision. Freed of their powerful protectionist colleague, the
free traders of the Ministry may carry revision the wrong way.
Thus not only are the industries of Canada threatened as at present
by the Ministry's inaction, but also newly endangered bv the too
great probability that Sir Richard, Mr. Fisher, Mr. Sifton and the
other free trade doctrinaires in power may endeavor to lessen ex-
isting present protection. That we take to be the important matter
in connection with Mr. Tarte's retirement to wliich bii^i'.,.. ;,'oi
will feel their attention called."

OTTAWA CITIZEN, Oct. 2.sth, 1902:

" The friends of protection have watched them with apprelicn-
sion ana the sacrifice of Tarte, the protectionist, at the demand of
the free trade element of the Liberal partv is conclusive proof that
this suspicion and apprehension have been well founded The cour-
ageous action of Mr. Tarte may defer his late colleagues for the
present from interfering with the tariff, but the public is satisfied
that It IS in dangerous hands. From a broad, national standpoint
the Citizen admires and commends the action of Mr Tarte That
he may be nominally a Liberal is beside the question. He has made
a stand on a policy that is still national and with which the future-

vclfarc fif Canada is inscjiarably connected, and the method of his
expulsion from the administration, no less than the act itself, is
eloquent of the veiled antagonism of his late colleagues towards
the views he upholds. We believe that the incident will awaken
the people of Canada to the fact that the tariff is not safe in the
hands of the I.aurier administration, and to the un-wisdom of longer
committing such a trust to men whose political sympathies arc
really antagonistic to a policy they merely tolerate."

Summarizing the situation, several things arc dear;

1. The Conservatives, by formal resolution and by speeches in
Parliament, have declared for high protection ; for a tariff accord-
ing to tlii'ir leader, Mr, R. I,, liorden. as high as the United States
tiiriff, which averages over 50 per cent.

2. The Conservative policy is the same as that of the Canadian
Manufacturers' Association, whose only purpose is to increase,
by means of the tariff, tlie price of all goods they have to sell.

3. The Liberal policy is directly opposed to the policy of pro-
tection. The Conservative pap .rs and politicians recognize this and
vilify Messrs. Sifton, Fielding and Fisher and other Ministers who
have prominently championed the consumers.

4. Sup]x)rt of the Conservatives means support for a policy that
will increase the price of all manufactured goods.

5. Support of the Liberals means support for a policy calculated
to make necessities low-priced.

6. No matter what individuals may say, the two parties stand
ui.itinctly <iividcd cm the tariff: The Liberals for low tariff, the
Conservatives for high tariff, and any voter who is interested in
tariff matters can therefore have no difficulty in expressing his
opinion at the poll.