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I 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 T .SL 102 THE LITERARY WORLD. of this problem depends, at the same time, upon the accuracy of the observations, and upon the perfection of the analysis. It is very important to reject every empirical process, and to complete the analysis, so that it shall not be necessary to derive "rom observations any but indispensable data. The intention of this work is to ob- tain, as much as may be in my power, this interesting result.' Ij; is a work of great genius and immense depth, and exceedingly difficult to be com- prehended. This arises, not merely from the intrinsic difficulty of the subject, and the medium of proot employed being the higher branches of the mathematics, — but chiefly from the circumstance that the au- thor, taking it for granted that the subject would be as plain and easy to others as to himself, very often omits the intermediate steps and connecting links in his demon- strations. He jumps over the interval, and grasps the conclusion as by intuition. Dr. Bowditch used to say, ' I never come across one of La Place'h " T/ius it plainly appears," without feeling sure that I have got hours of hard study before me to till up the chasm, and find out and shew how it plainly ap- pears.' Dr. Bowditch says, in his Introduction to the first volume, ' The object of the au- thor, in composing this work, as stated by him in his Preface, was to reduce all the known phenomena of the system of the world to the law of gravity, by strict ma- themetical principles ; and to complete the investigations of the motions of the planets, satellites, and coraets, begun by Newton in his Principia. This he has accomplished, in a manner deserving the highest praise, for its symmetry and completeness; but, from the abridged manner in which the analytical calculations have been made, it has been found difficult to be understood by many persons, who have a strong and decided taste for mathematical studies, on account of the time and labour required to insert the intermediate steps of the demon- strations, necessary to enable them easily to follow the author in his reasoning. To re- medy, in some measure, this defect, has been the chief object of the translator in the Notes.' (To be continued. J ^pitit of iii^cobevs. FI^ENCH EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH. ', Jn *a few days, the corvette La Re- cherche will iqii'from Havre for the Feroe Isles; to proceed thence to Hamraerfest, and thence join tht Swedish, Norwegian, and Dsmislu HcientJiic cor'^Si whos in con- {' unction with thb French commission, lave prosecuted, dating the past winter. a rigorous course of astronomical, mag- netic, and meteorological observations, which the united bodies will continue during the ensuing year. PR(, -HESS OF NORTH AMEIUCAN Foa 1838. DISCOVERY [We have much pleasure in submitting to the reader the olFicial report of the Expedition, dis- patched by the Hudson's Bay Company, to complete the discovery successfully begun by Messrs. Dease and Simpson, in 1837. The furthest point explored was in lat. 68 Jeg. 43 min. N., and long. 106 deg. 3 min. W., making a total of 120 miles of con- tinental discovery.] Fort Conf«rence, Great Bear Lake, 1838. Hon. Sirs, — It now becomes our duty to report the incomplete success of the ex- pedition to the eastward this summer, in conseqiience of the extraordiimry duration of the ice. Much, however, has been done to prepare the way for another at- tempt next year, and our hopes, instead of being depressed, are elevated by the knowledge so painfully acquired this season. On the 6th of June our boat ; were con- veyed on the ice to the mouth of Dease's River (then just open), the afcent of which was commenced the following day. With some assistance from Indians we reached the portage leading to the Dismal Lakes discovered by Mr. Simpson last winter, and carried the boats across it without accident. The ice on these lakes was still perfectly solid, and we were pro- vided witn iron-shod sledges for the pas- sage ; on these we fixed the boats, and, the wind being fair, hoisted sail, which greatly aided the crews oi the hauling- ropes. In this manner these frozen re- servoirs, which are full 30 miles long, were passed in two days, and we reached our provision-station at Kendall River on the 19th. There we had the satisfac- tion to find the two men left there by Mr. Simpson, in April, well, and their two Indian hunters successful in the chase. Two of these active fellows consented at once to accompany ua along the coast, and proved not only good voyagers, but during om* frequent detentions among the ice, killed so many reindeer as enabled us to save nearly half our summer's stock of provisions. On the next day, June 20th, we proceeded to the Coppermine River, which we found still fast. It gave way on the 22nd, and we descended all its " terrible" rapids at fiill flood, while the ice was still driving. Below the Bloody Fall the river did not clear out till the 26th, and on the 1st of July we pitched oiir tents at the ocean. Two or three Esquimaux families were seen there, hut they took the alarm, and fled over the ice if ¥:> • . i k- »1" "''"""^lllto k i^i' T j 'w ^u m vrm ' Mv f ft -.1. ¥.' • i THE LITERARY WORLD. lOB towardH some distant islands. Here, and on various parts of the coast, a fine col- lection of plants was made by Mr. Dease. We remained imprisoned in the mouth of Coppermine, awaiting the opening of the ice, till the 17th of July. Our sub- sequent progress along the coast was one incessant, we may say desperate, struggle with the same cold, obdurate foe, in which the boats sustained serious damage, seve- ral planks being more than half cut through. At varioas points we saw caches of the Esquimaux placed upon lofty rocks, out of reach of beasts of prey ; l)ut we did not fall in with any ot the owners, who seemed to have all gone inland to kill reindeer after their winter seal-hunt among the islands. Frngments of Dr. Richardson's mahogany boats were found widely scattered ; and many articles left by his party at the Bloody Fall were care- fully preserved in the native keepings. On the 29th of July we at length suc- ceeded in doubling Cape Barrow. The northern part of Bathurst's Inlet was still covered with a solid sheet of ice : and, instead of being able to cross over direct to Point Turnagain, we were com- pelled to make a circuit of 140 miles by Arctic Sound and Barry's Islands. On the easternmost of that group Mr. Simp- sou discovered, at the base of a crumbling clift", several pieces of ])ure copj)er ore, and the adjacent islands had also the ap- pearance of being strongly impregnated with that metal. A series of specunens of all the principal rocks along the coast were preserved. In order to attain Cape Flinders, we had to perform a portage across an island, and several over the ice. On the 9th of August we doubled that cape; and in a little bay, three miles to the southward of Franklin's fiirthest en- campment in 1821, our boats \\ -re finally arrested by the ice, which encompassed them for 22 days ! so different was the season of 18^8 from that of 1821, when Franklin found a perfectly open sea there on the 16th of August. In June, the early part of July, and the middle of August, we had frequent storms, accompanied by snow and frost, but dur- ing the greater part of July and the be- gining of August calms prevailed, which, together with the severity of the preceding winter, we consider as the cause of the tardy disru])tion of the ice this season. On the 2()th of August we were oliliged to relinquish all hopes of advancing i'ur- ther with the boats. That our efforts might not, however, prove wholly fi'uit- less, Mr. Simpson cnered to conduct an exploring party on foot for ten days. It rrac ctL MIC 5a.iiit: tiitiTr US, that, iu the event of any favourable movement taking place in the ice, Mr. Dease should advance with one boat. Signals were agreed upon in the event oi our missing each other on the way, and should we unfortunately do so, the last day of August was fixed for the rendez- vous of both parties at Boat Harbour. That unlucky spot is situated iu lat. 68 deg. 16 min. 25 sec. N., long. 109 deg. 20 min. 45 sec. W, ; variation of the compass 46 deg. E. Mr. Simpson's narrative of his journey and discoveries to the east- ward is annexed. On the 31st of August we cut our way out of our icy harbour, the grave of one year's hopes, and, having the benefit of fair winds, crossed Bathust's Inlet, among W^ilmot Islands, and safely re-entered the Coppermine River on the 3rd of Septem- ber. The following day we proceeded to the Bloody Fall, and there secreted our superfluous provisions. The ascent of the Coppermine, (hitherto deemed impractica- ble,) to near the junction of the Kendall River was accomplished on the fifth day. We deposited the boats in a woody bluff, where they can Ije conveniently repaired next spring ; then, taking our bundles on our backs, we traversed the barren grounds, and returned to winter quarters yesterday. Here we had the satisfaction to find everything in good order ; the buildings rendered more comfortable, and some pro- visions collected. Our return, so much earlier than we ourselves expected on leaving Port Turnagain, has enabled us to commence the fall fisheries in good time; and though our stock of ammu- nition and other necessaries for the In- dians is reduced very low, want no longer stares us in the face, as it did for several months after om' arrival here last year. We are most happy to add, that the na- tives have experienced neither famine por sickness this season, the only death within our knowledge being that of a blind old man. September 20. — We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt, this afternoon, of Governor Simpson's despatch of the 2Htli of February. As things have fallen out this season, it is fortunate that no party was sent down the Great Fish River to meet us : and from the experience we now possess of the coast to the east- ward, we are of opinion that a retreat by the Coppennine may be effected when the ascent by the (Jreat Fish River would be no longer practicable. We feel deeply indebted for the confi- dence reposed in us, and the ample autho- rity granted by the Governor's circular^ resources of all parts "Tjssrr! w f ii l ii W . 1U4 THE LITERARY WORLD. ThiB power we have hitherto used in ex- treme moderation, and we are glad to say- that we are not reduced to the necessity of exercising it any further. One of our men leaves us in consequence of a bad complaint, and has been replaced by a servant from M'Kensie's River. To chief trader M'Pherson, the gentle- man in charge of that district, we are indebted for valuable assistance in many- ways, likewise to chief factor M'Leod, of Athabasca. Between them our order of last winter for an additional supply of pemmican, dogs, sledge-wood, leather, ammunition, guns, axes, and tobacco, has been completed; while the prompt and kind attention of chief trader Ross, of Norway-house, has fulfilled the private orders of our people, for a part of which we now send to Great Slave Lake. We are, &c., P. W. Dease, Chief Factor. T. SiMPdON. To the Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Committee of the Hon. Hudson's Bay Company, London. NARRATIVE OF A JOURNEY ON FOOT TO THE EASTWARD. On the 20th of August, the date appointed for the return of former expeditions from these desolate shores, I left our boats, still hopelessly beset with ice, to uerform a ten days' journey on foot to tne eastward, and my companions were five servants and two Inilinnr we carried a wooden- framed canvas anoe, and nearly the same other baggage as on the journey to Point Barrow last year, with the addition of a tent for the nightly shelter of the whole party, on a coast almost destitute of fuel. Each man's load, at starting, weighed nearly half a cwt., and our daily progress averaged twenty geographical miles. About the middle of the first day's journey, we passed the furthest point to which Sir John Franklii; and his officers walked in 1821. Beyond that, the coast preserved its N.N.E. trending to the en- campment of the same night, situate on the pitch of a low cape, which I have named Cape Franklin. From the west to the north-east, a new land, or crowded chain of islands, of great extent, in many places high and covered with snow, stretched along at the distance apparently of thirty miles, and led to the apprehension that we were entering a deep sound or inlet. The main land now turned up to E.N.E., which continued to be its general bearing for the three following days. It is flat, its outline or path leading alter- nately over soft sand, sharp stones, and Bwampy ground. At the distance of from one to two miles the coast is skirted by a range of low stony hills, partially clothed with dull verdure, which sends down to the seas numberless brooks and small streams ; none of the latter, at that season, reached above our waists, though the deep and ragged channels of them shewed that, in the spring, they must be powerful tor- rents. Two leagues inland, a hill, which I have named Mount George after Gover- nor Simpson, rises to the height of 600 feet, and forms a conspicuous object for a deep journey; on either side, the ice all along lay immoveably aground upon the shallow beach, extending in every direction as far as the eye could reach. The great northern land still stretched out before us, and kept alive doubts of our having ex- plored an immense bay, which, however, the increase in the tides, the quantity of sea-weed, and the shells, and the discovery of the remains of a large whale and of a polar bear, could not altogether dispel. These doubts seemed almost converted into certainty as we drew near, on the fourth evening, an elevated cape, and saw land apparently all around, with feelings of bit- ter disappointment. I ascended the height, from whose summit a splendid and un- looked for view suddenly burst upon me. The ocean, as if transformed by enchant- ment, rolled its free waves' beneath and beyond the reach of vdsion. To the east- ward, islands of various shape and size overspread its surface, and the northern land terminated in a bold and lofty cape, bearing north-east, at least forty miles distant, while the coast of the Continent trended away to the south entrance of an ice-skirted strait. The extensive land to the northward, I have called Victoria Land, in honour of our youthful sovereign, and its eastern extremity I called Cape Pelly, after the Governor of the Hon. Company. To the promontory where we encamped, I have attached the name of Cape Alex- ander, after an only brother, who would give his right hand to be the sharer of my journies. The rise and fall of the tide there was about three feet, being the greatest observed by us in the Arctic seas. The coast here changes its character ; the water becomes deep, and the approach easy, uod I have little doubt that the islands contain secure harbours for ship- ping. Next morning, at the distance of eight or nine miles, we crossed another high cape, formed of trap rocks, in latitude 68, 52; 18, 5 N., the variation of the com- pass being 63 E. The travelling had become more and more toilsome, our road now passing over some miles of round loose stones, and then through wet mossy tracks, sown with large boulders, and tangled with dwarf willows. At our usual conipany hours we opened a large bay, studded with islands, which ran on five miles to the S. S. W., and then turned off ir - ' "■ ■m^ i t- 'W. i THE LITERARY WORLD. 105 sweep of iroundc!j