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 ^OVA SCOTJ4 
 
 PROVINCE HOUSE 
 
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 ST R I A 
 
 AND 
 
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 #' 
 
 TIB lOtf I0»t 
 
 BEING 
 DELIVERED 
 
 By GREGORY itf! WORTABET, Esq. 
 
 A I^TIVE OF SYRIA, 
 
 AT THE 
 
 TEMPERANCE HALL, KALIFAl, N. S,^ 
 
 8ch, 9tii & 10th SEFTEMBEB, 1866. 
 
 PHONOGRAPHIC REPORT BY H. OLDRIGHT. 
 
 k,^ 
 
 * 
 
 PUBLISHED BY REftUEST. 
 
 ■I 
 
 HALIFAX : 
 
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 FRINTSD AT THE ''MOiqiriWa JOURNAL" OFFICB. 
 
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 Monday, 8th September, 1856. 
 
 Why Syria is mtereRting.-Baalbek-Tyre-Jerusalem-Petra-Mount CjU- 
 vary.-Syrian Grapes,-Jericho,-Soclom and Gomorrah .-Inhabitants 
 of Syria.-Bedouins or Ishmaelites,-State of the Jews,_Secret of Ene- 
 land's greatness. 
 
 (Long before the time appointed for the Lecture, the Hall 
 which is capable of containing 1500 or 1600 persons, was 
 densely crowded with a highly respectable audience. The Lec- 
 turer, a young man of average height, with pleasing features, 
 dark flashmg eyes, and black moustache, appeared in his native 
 costume. He wore a loose skirt or petticoat of light drab doth, 
 drawn m round the ancles, and fastened round the waist with a 
 broad girdle or sash, a short jacket of the same material with 
 the sleeves cut open halfway to the elbow and trimmed with 
 braid, and a light blue flowered silk vest and neckerchief. 
 ^ It is impossible to describe the exceedingly animated manner 
 m which the Address was delivered, the Lecturer's utterance 
 bemg very rapid, and the ideas enunciated being forcibly ^d 
 graphically expressed by appropriate gestures. As these gesti- 
 culations, of course, cannot be transcribed, the Lecture loses 
 much of Its original force and beauty in any writtm report, 
 liowever faithful and accurate.) 
 
 Me. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen— 
 
 tha? vn.? ^'^^^ ''''' ""^n^ ^ ^^" ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^«k of you, which is 
 
 I can^tP^lT '''''r '^} "PP^"^^^ ""^^^ *^« ^^««^ «^the Lecture 
 i can tell by your bright eyes and smiling faces when vou are 
 
 • 
 
and some AvcTc thieves vpt !^ I .V, ' '^'''' ''^'' murderers, 
 
 more so on the kd T^l. / ","'' '"'""'•'"g. but much 
 feeling. That tear oUM^'. ^ '*•■ ™ ' ^""'^' *P"' "^ 
 
 greatest conoue™ Nn„ „/ f- .i '" "^^ 3"""^"' ""^ t''«i'^ 
 thisgreatT«Seeto!^.h; 1ll*^ '" ^^"^ '° >™S »» 
 
 betwin Syria as a c^unS/anl N a Cr^' Se ''*""^ 
 there just like those here/hills trel , an< so forth ThTin" 
 
 Christianity the lan,l of thAff .'''T'' " '' *" ^'''^n^ "^ 
 
 Joshua atL . hi: • "Chri t^,'a Im l'"' '^r' J"""''" ^'*^ 
 born there — tl,.,^ rh • I •! ^^f .^,^"i there— Christian ty was 
 
 manSer there von will .n! I ■ °-,^^ 3^^^ ^^^1 see the 
 Thifirnrnqu^lrcSa^;^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 rtht-h''^t^;,^S rrli::r Thi"? V-1 
 
 fcr Door neon e ^ AT ""^ ''™. *"■'<' ^t*"<^« ™«d as rooms 
 
 |noC':!;-the^i^rXr'rs'';^r^trtr ^■'^ 
 
 Christ born in a manirer'> Oh rWl...?! , Xu .?• ^^ 
 poorest n„Vht ha^o" „„ 2S frno'tTon^^ SS^ ' £etl 
 
 Kw Z thiul \t:.\''e^^-S. "' " '1/' '^ f. *""f *"'" 
 there wa^ 1 hpll^n^ii, "^^ "^^^ ^'^^^^J believed that 
 
 »; s yo'^crMeVrf '"futr^^'ir"""' '*■ ^ -^' 
 
 not be so indifferent abont it 4*1 "^^'J'^'. *"' ^o" ^""l'' 
 
 a stable, is it g^n. to ^ow-i M. AT, ^''^tianity born in 
 
 ' '■ooin^ togrow/ Mr. Infidel says it cannot, it is 
 
 
 --:? 
 
 •"J 
 
mt 
 
 of this l!,, T'fiZwed tl^ b„, "ew „ ^''™ ">» 'T'^^ f"*''^^ 
 
 to porfbrm a ,vork «hich «il affect tt^ZC;! '"'; ^Tr'S 
 disciples «cro of tlie lowest caste in ^ n i , ""'"•' ' ^^'« 
 gatherers. Then J-, n loil, ,t M ^^ ■'"■, .*fl'e™ion and tax 
 
 Was It like Islamism or Jlormonisra tint if JlnJTiV. I 
 
 have all seen a fireplace filled with, l!, ™ P^' "^""^'f »• JOI 
 a verv little fire ludeiTOath ft Tife f^ '"'? "^ T'*' '"* 
 quired to be M-f^'^So wS yo^urTh! '7' •''"' ^°- 
 Bmothercd „p ,^ith the iubbisl rfJhiHorH uTt'f: ,/' '' 
 
 and only reouirPH to ho i.,./.^./ . a .^'^^^' '^^^^ it is there, 
 
 Founded of 'ohrL Sn'^ fe'^a ^^TheTeef VT^- "' "> 
 It was the remembrance of tl^, ,vh l?? the trees of Syria, and 
 
 its; ;ri.s;£='?'', ■&S;iXr.' 
 
 Can you think of them, without thinkingTSe G J R^S,' 
 
 ♦ 
 
v,l,o so often tml their streets ? Can you think of the outers 
 of (,a hloe, w.thout thinking of His ivonls. who sai, " BeTf 
 goo cheer, ,t ,s I ; be „ot afrai,I !'' Can yon thik of f\f. 
 of (W.Iee, without thinking of His first n,i^^ e t t' flZ 
 any you lostarehvtivey By the sable dresses 1 observo 
 among you, I presume many of you have 
 
 "oriTofw^ You will not part with it, becau'se it is { 
 
 iiow we come to tlie claims of Syria upon the Christian min.l 
 In Syria you can never be an In&el. 'she si ow s^u k "ery 
 
 When t !; T f '-"'^ "■™' "'^ "■"""">"" °f «'«1 « own wor7 
 ,Ih .n l"'0P';7«3 o»'0 upon the land, Syria was a grelt 
 iieh, and powerful country. Tyre was then a great citv So 
 Tras Jornsalcm Solomon the./reigned there in al Ws^„W 
 The prophecies foretold the destrueTion of the i™„t'v ^Wlm 
 beheved them? This is the age of Railways an™ TeLranhs 
 
 hearS'the :r ^"''^ T"^- "^S""^ P"' «" " ^^^V » atfonTnd 
 in »otW tri'"',!!'^ *'"=^ would suppose themselves 
 
 in mothe. world-they would not believe that 1 ey were on this 
 earth. Suppose you take them to the telegranh station »n J 
 
 fn N^^^^Tan's %ir'' '''" '^ T"' =" "^o ^ » ^i "d 
 Yon ^1 Vl 1 ^^ f^' ^'^' ""<• .™n send the message on. 
 ^ou ask theru how soon they e.xpeot to have an answer. They 
 say oh, in about three months. You tell them thlLwer % 
 here already-they will not believe you. Now let us comnJf 
 
 bSnon TW t ' ''^'t 1"', '''^'"^" ^<''*™«» «"J Anti?Le. 
 nanon. That town was built by Solomon, and is so wonderful 
 
 ^hat your architects are struck jumb with 'astonishment nv:;' 
 ^g t Its buiUbngs are wonderful for their conception. Some 
 
 ^,,t ™;t f '■' /'','" ^'S^' """^ 1^ feot wide. They were all 
 wtrnnt fnlT^ ^ ,^" ""•= *^'"'' "'l *» P«l''*od l^r hey 
 
 Sior b t ^ "'"'""is'- ^^'"y -^ fitto-J so closely to one 
 pother that ycu cannot find the seam between them. It seems 
 as If he city could not hare been the work of man. Ga'efor 
 
 ~nirtT'""°w? '"1 '" '"^'g''*' «■"• the entllihtur: 
 
 S antZ. t A ^^^' ''° r? *''"* "f ''^ You cannot 
 luinK any longer A person asked me what I thousht of that 
 
 not think at all, I could do iiotlimg bat just gane ! So it is with 
 
? 
 
 i 
 
 ,4. 
 
 tho belmWcr ot these miignifieont iiiins. An,l, nh,j is it that 
 Syrias Arc nteetare is unequalle.l.. It was sai.l byft^outh h^l 
 canno l,c, that there never hml beoa and never sCimT „n, 
 .rhl?rsf'''"'"?'>- .Tl.ei,™t Queen orsS'iw th^ 
 
 ■ er, ami t .ifc Aii<;lo-Saxon age is not equal to Solomon's al- 
 though ,t ,s .^OOU yoa,-s in a<lvanee of it. ' Syria's ArSect,^ 
 
 r^mirt!™/"^^'''''''"'' " """'"'""' y" -=-' «"•' L? 
 But Syria was not only groat in Architeeture, but also irtht 
 Arts and Sciences. The Si.lonians were celebm ed for B^unti^^ 
 on glass, an art which bad been lost to the wor d S^ 
 Ty am also were distinguished for the beautiful dye called 
 Tynan purple which has been hitherto inimitable Svria 
 T.as also .hstmguishod for her knowledge of AstronC 
 and Navigation. This country was Snown to the^ 
 
 great deal more. I can prove to you from the Bible that thk 
 
 tXof . nt T, "' ™'' ^"'""'"^ "•■ Ishniaelites. You 
 
 b k elt S "r Pr™' "8'=' Do you know what Baal- 
 
 Bck cost .' Iherc is not a king, or a dozen of kin^s on the earti 
 at present who could build it. " A whole quarry "(and n ^ 
 mstanees three or four) was exhausted fir eveVston" th^re 
 The persons who were quarrying the stones would go to a ndX 
 
 roTkf h""' ™> f •'T1 rr ?» "• 40 feet until Ly came Ta 
 rock Xhey would probably find it cracked, and therefore unfit fox 
 their purpose. They would then go to another hill, and anothcT 
 find rt'f f " ™"»g '>o™ so=me four or five hills, they wouH 
 find a rock winch was sound. Then they had to cut shane 
 form, and at last, carry the rock. Now, what do you'suppIS 
 
 Zm^'\Tl t "™ f 'T I W''»"'>» «ost 0? the S 
 bu Itbfl I ' ""i.""'' ."f "'<' entablature'? If this city 
 an LL °'™' "" ""^ ""'fi'"' «*■ ""> Holy Land in honor o7 
 bcenf^fr.''T*r''rn '" T'^''' ^'''»* <lo you suppose mustharo 
 hZl T!t "^^^^ ■^?'"P''^ *" Jerusalem-of §olomon's own 
 cS;;".^ *\? 7''»1<' of Jerusalem !-Think also of the oth™ 
 TWnV nf « f ""'?" '^"'"-'^f Baal-IIamon, Baal-IIanan, kl 
 "ves ThinkTnn''ir*'''?'"^'*"''*'' /"' ^' ''"'' ^ thousand 
 Ses of S^kmon ' ""'' ^"" "'^^ '"'™ "^' '^'^ "^ t^« 
 
 fiit^" wl' r^rJ*"™ ^""""^'^ ""'' oome to Tyre, thatmerchan* 
 city. What IS Tyre now? What said the TT^rrf of her? Tvre 
 shall no longer be, she shall be like the top of a rock. I gjSt 
 
 i, 
 
8 
 
 a night in Tyro, a twelvemonth a-o last Murrj, Tl.o ni i / 
 
 thirteen ,;e J:,, •:.:u';nrsri^:i-;''^'^r"''"^^ 
 
 IS situated on a on^'ue of lii„l ^-l.i.) ■ ■ '•' '""'''■™ '""'< 
 
 Won! .sai.l, ■■ It sl.aM Ve aT, e f' " "'" ,'"" "'^^ '"■'■ I'l*" 
 
 niicfet of the sea KM, tf. '! ^pi-eadtug of nets in tho 
 
 the fnlfilntc-ni o .Ik- pn 1 , , ?. 1'"f "'] "'■""'« '^y^'": «ith 
 to write i>i,s cMvat.Jo ,";"''''''''■■ "'"'' ''^'' him 
 
 that in ten ^t^^a^Tj^'^^tJ'l^'^'''^' '"" ^•"' 
 that where this fine l,n;i,i;,„r.t '^ "",»''-' '"-' ">"'•«• water— 
 
 th..ir hoats: >4 " u t ^ ''" ' J'^.t '7T" """''' "'■^'''"^ 
 wouhl r.robal.ly say. ■ take t m n ., , T' ^i'"' '"■'■■• 'i'"" 
 
 foretold aetuallv^;! ,U;'to,t''::,.n 'T ' ^'" "' "'"'» ^ 
 num I was ! You V-T.'.t ' i ''"" *' ' «'"'' » "■"<= 
 
 Wm; did you . "t . t ten, ■^' p""'"'"' l""""-"''^ "f I-™'' ■»■ 
 Liverpool ai'thel^ot/y^, I'T SrVl ^i\'^'^ »'' 
 peopled fron, Muenieia. andTt''. ev 1™, , "" /''''"";' ™^ 
 countries, for she is eilled , , , pi V''>tshecolonizod other 
 The siege of Ty v /,le "V ' f r .""i "'""'"■ "^ ■«*'»'«■ 
 was formld of Ty re ,at an . ,? I "' , ','','"= '" '"■''"'■/• I' 
 
 the du.st of her walls shou dV e ■ ,,ed T*""" ''"'• ''"" """ 
 flourishing, city when the edict we ,,');. •^''''' '*?^ " S''«" ^nt* 
 make thee^like^he top o at k «« tdf; e'^' V"'^ " ^ «"' 
 nets „j,on, thou shalt be Cilt nnov''T ''''''' ''''''^•'''' 
 besH-ed, tl,e first time hy Kehml,'^ '"" ' 3''n '""* '"''"« 
 ful that their city wouhl^ t-d'e , rnl i ^ ''.'' ■'^■^'■"'"■' ^ar- 
 
 outer wall, and-'bt^u.hV he s» Z^^/rt f r",'"' "•« 
 was therefore oMLa'd to l„,;i.l '. ,„ . ^ ehuehadnezzar 
 
 than the walls of the ct bt Ustil rldT'' F'"^* ''' '"«'"•-'• 
 to make the battering r,^ns J Ly . ,» ^ Zf'T' T^ 
 therefore, scraped the walls 'wi-ti, 1 or es^hoi ° ^r,:'''' n''''i 
 Tyre were made of mud iu,t i;i.„ ,v If <• ? / "^ "'''"« "f 
 (People are just be-^innL n fi 1 ' "'°*' "^ ««'«stopol. 
 
 it by mere ehal-e t ■ fl.tl " t'^ • ^' "'"^ "" <^'t'°" ? Wa.^ 
 so remarkably Mfinod'"'' '""''''^^'^^ ™-^^ ''^ J"«'-alIy and 
 
 - w fi.?i 4a St- -'iS'i v:^:^^:^ 
 
mumm 
 
 riic old tovm 
 >e olden city 
 ning, and saw 
 ni(j<U'rn town 
 the sea. Tho 
 ijf nets in tho 
 ^' Tyre, with 
 t it led him 
 ' I told you 
 der water — 
 ould anchor 
 are." You 
 1, and put ii 
 t if what I 
 »vhat a wise 
 of Lond 'U. 
 >u sjieak of 
 reland was 
 )nized other 
 of nations, 
 li.storj. It 
 ght against 
 c"; and that 
 a great and 
 : ^" I will 
 c to S])road 
 was twice 
 I'ians fear- 
 I'ound tho 
 'hadnezzar 
 it, higher 
 ar enough 
 s soldiers, 
 e walls of 
 ebastopol. 
 are supe- 
 '11'.'' Was 
 "allj and 
 
 iTounded 
 11 it. It 
 ore early 
 fore sun- 
 the fii-st, 
 
 9 
 
 the second the thinl v all /-where is the tower of Antonia '— 
 TTiere is Zion .'-where is Mount Moriah .' You search for even 
 fallen rums,, but you can find none. The scene is one which 
 really hnngs your heart down, i have often gazed with »)lea- 
 sure upon tiic iyy covered ruins of England. I love that 'dear 
 littlC; iond. aftectionate ivi/. It seems to say to the ruin 
 '^ever mjud, 1 will be your friend throughout: thou-^h all 
 forsake you. yet will I cling to you."' ° 
 
 liut in looking upon Jerusalem you can see no ruins, not oven 
 a single sprig of ivy to cheer you. It is a small town encum^ 
 bered v ,th hovels. ^ As you gaze sadly upon it, the infidel says 
 to you -surely, sir, this k not Jerusalem?'' But yes it i? 
 Jerusalem for there is Mount Olivet where our Saviour retired 
 to pray, there is the brook Cedron, there is the pool of Siloam 
 there is Mount Zion, there is Mount Moriah. It /.. Jerusalem 
 but oh, how changed! When we sec a rich man reduced to 
 poverty, we feel sorry for him, and that is generally the feelin.^ 
 one has on viewmg a decayed city. But that is ?wi the feelin? 
 which you will have on seeing Jerusalem. The idea that filll 
 youi- mmd is, that Jehovah has passed over the country An 
 a^ful feeling creeps over you. When I first saw Jerusalem. I 
 
 'frr , ^^^^^'^ J'''^^'*^ "" '^^^^^ ^'"""^y ; ^" ft^ct I cannot tell you 
 ^r//«^Ifelt, or A... I felt. Even the Infidel experiences the 
 same feeling. Is this Jerusalem where Christ lived and died 
 whore he was mocked, scourged and crucified? Is this the 
 birthplace of Christianity? You pause and think. You feel 
 as Jt you were following some dear friend to the grave 
 
 Let nie now speak to you of the church of the Holy ^enul- 
 chre at Jerusalem. This church is built over Mount Y^alvarv 
 where our Saviour was crucified, and over what is said to behig 
 His .Sepulchre. It was about the dome of this church that the 
 late war commenced. It became dilapidated, and France and 
 Kussia quarrelled about which of them should repair it It ig 
 still unrepaired. (The lecturer then proceeded to describe the 
 relative position of the several places of interest within the 
 Church : tiie stone of unction, where the bodv of our Saviour was 
 prepared for the tomb, the pillar of flagellation where He was 
 scourged just before his crucifixion-the place where his gar- 
 ments were divided-the cave where the cross was found, lc • 
 but as It IS impossible to make this description intelligible with- 
 out a diagram, w-e are obliged to omit it. This is the place which 
 thousands of pilgrims come yearly to visit. It is impossible to 
 describe one steeling on falling on your knees, (you do so in- 
 voluntarily ) on the stone of unction. You feel as if you were Tn 
 
 r 
 
saamM 
 
 
 f 
 
 10 
 
 the immediate presence of the Great Saviour of Mankind. You 
 do not stop to think whether the localities pointed out to you 
 are really the places where the events descrilitd took place. 
 
 It was foretold of Jerusalem that she t'-hould be a city of 
 heaps, and it is literally fulfilled. Immense heaps of rubbish 
 meet }ou every where. The church of England peo]>le when 
 lajnng the foundation oi their church, had to dig through a heap 
 of rubbish 50 feet in depth before they came to the rock. It is 
 peculiarly a city of heaps. 
 
 Suppose you enter a h rge town, and go into one house and 
 find nobody there, then into another, and another, and so on, 
 findmg alf empty. You go to tbo markets, to the halls, to the 
 churclies, and find them quite «:ieserted, nobody to be seen. 
 Will you not be astonished? There is ?. town in Syri^, with it3 
 houses, theatres, columns, and gate-ways all there, but without 
 a single i- 'labitant. That town is the w^onderful Petra, the 
 capital of Edom. The town is built at the foot of a hill, on a 
 slope rising up from the valley. It was foretold of Edom that 
 she i;bould be made bare, and that no man should live in her. 
 Can the fulfilment of this be all fiction 'l Can it be mere chance ? 
 We come now to a point still more striking. It is quite a 
 common saying among you to tell one another to go to Jericho. 
 Well, you need not tell me that, as I have been there. {Ltiagh- 
 ter.) The town no longer exists. Where Jericho once stood, 
 the wild Bedouin encamps. It is an excellent site for a town 
 for business, for commerce, for agriculture, and yet nobody lives 
 there. You have read of the cluster of grapes which the spies 
 which Joshua sent forth, brought from the bi'ook of Eschcol. 
 You talk of your grapes ! Why we would not call them grapes 
 at all in Syria ; we would not give them even to pigs ! Our 
 grapes are as large as Walnuts, very juicy, and grow in great 
 abundance. I remember my brother John and myself bringing 
 home a bunch one day on our way from school, which was so 
 large that we W'ere obliged to carry it home on a stick be- 
 tween us. Thousands of pilgrims visit Jericno every year, and 
 ic >vould therefore be an excellent place for a hotel. If a large 
 hotel were built, other houses and buildings would necessarily 
 follow, and a town would soon rise up, but notw ithstanding this, 
 and all the natural advantages of the place, no hotel is built. 
 Two American fiirmers went to Syria some years ago to settle. 
 They went over the whole country, and visited Jericho, but tin- 
 ally settled, one of them at Etam, and the other at Jaffa. I 
 asked them why they did not settle in Jericho. They said they 
 did not know. I asked them if it were not a good place for 
 
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 11 
 
 business, if they could not have made money there. Oh yes, 
 they said plenty of money could be made there,— excellent 
 stand for business. I asked them again, why they did not settle 
 there. Their answer was, " Sir. we cannot tell you why we did 
 jiot settle there."' But / can tell you friends. The Lord says 
 "Cursed is the man that rebuilds Jericho," and no man dares 
 
 to rebuild it. ^ 
 
 You have heard of Sodom and Gomorrah. They were de- 
 stroyed l)y fire, and the Dead Sea now occupies the spot where 
 they stood. The Infidel says when you tell him this =' do you 
 thiiik I am a fool, can fire become water? No, fire cannot be- 
 come water, nor water fire." "Well, no matter, ' you say, 
 " cto into this sea cad have a bathe, you need not be afraid, you 
 ca?mot sink in it." Well, he goes in, comes out again, and be- 
 gins to scratch himself You say " what is the matter sir, why 
 do you scratch yourself, water cannot become fire, water cannot 
 burn." But he says "I am burning, I am burning.;' |' Non- 
 sense." yon say. "who ever heard of water burning." But 
 friends he is really burning. Stephens says that long after 
 coming of the water, after bathing in the Dead Sea, he felt like 
 a lamb roasting over a slow fire. 
 
 Let us now come to the people of Syria. They are still more 
 interesting than the country itself There ought to be three 
 races of people in Syria,— the Canaanites, the Hebrews, and 
 the Ishmaelites. Now, I am u native of Syria, but I cannot 
 tell you to what race I belong. Our country has been overrun, 
 over, and over, and over again. It has been re-re-re-conquered, 
 and each successive band of invaders has settled down in the 
 country, and inter-married with its inhabitants. Suppose an 
 Englishman marries a French woman, and a boy is the result,— 
 that boy marries a Swedish woman, and a boy is the result 
 and so on through half-a-dozcn different nations, and at last I 
 am the remit— (Laughter.) Now of what race am I ? I am 
 suro I cannot tell you. I suppose you would say that I would 
 be the cream of the whole lot, so I suppose the people of Syria 
 are the cream of the whole world.— (i^««<^/iier.} 
 
 One of our most remarkable races is the Bedouins or Ishmael- 
 ites. They will rob you wherevtr they meet you, but still will 
 indignantly repel the charge of being robbers. They consider 
 that they are merely taking back the share in the property of 
 Abraham, of which their father Ishmael, as they think, was 
 unjustly deprived by his brother Isaac. Still with all his faults 
 the Bedouin is an honorable man. If you put your hand on the 
 pole of his tent he will do everything in his power to serve you. 
 
 t. 
 
MRIgli 
 
 12 
 
 If you have eaten bread and salt with him (their term for taking 
 a meal with you) he will fight for you. and if nee<l be. die for 
 you. 
 
 We come now to the Jews. Their history is to us the most 
 interesting of any. Syria was anciently the limd of the Jews. 
 But where is Israel now I What says the Bible of him, '• His 
 feet shall carry him far oif, he shall sojourn in a strange land, 
 he shall bo called forsaken, he sliall bea servant to his brethren." 
 The Israelites used to be like Englishmen of the present day. 
 The Englisliman. when he is on tlie continent and has nothing 
 particular to do amuses himself l)y strutting up and down half 
 a dozen times a day. calling out, '-I am an Englishman, I am 
 an Englishman.'" So the ancient Israelite used to exclaim. 
 "I am of Israel — I am of Israel."' There are very few Jew3 
 now in Syria. The few tluit arc there are old men, who have 
 come from other countries to die there. You ask me where are 
 they? I answer, their feet have carried them far off. they arc 
 sojourning in strange lands. ]\Iark the word sojourmn[^. You 
 will meet a Jew in Austria and ask him about the political state 
 of the country. He will tell you, sir, I am a stranger. I know 
 nothing about it. You ask him where he was born. He will 
 tell you in Austria. I'ou ask the same question al>out his father, 
 grandfather, great grandfather. They were all born in Austria, 
 and yet he is a stranger. He is sojouniing in a strange land. 
 It is only in Christianized England that the Jew is beginning to 
 feel himself not a stranger, and that is only a late occurrence. 
 
 This is'a money loving age. Money will make the fool pas^ 
 current in society. Gild the madman over with gold, and n<^body 
 will believe that ho is mad. If a man has plenty of gold he 
 does not want brains. In this age 
 
 Copper pence are above common sense. 
 But if a man be ever so wealthy, the moment you kij he is a- 
 Jew, it is felt to be something against him. I rememl)er once 
 in a steamer in the jNIediterranean, there was a gentleman, in 
 ■whom, from his agreeal)le and gentlemanly manners, we all be- 
 came very much interested. We went to the captain to find out 
 •who he was. and discovered he Avas a Jew. One repeated to the 
 other with an expression of disgust on his face, "sir, he is a 
 Jew,"" and elegant and gentlemanly though he Avas, we all kept 
 aloof from him as much as possible. The Bedouin says he would 
 rather be a hog than a Jew. The Mussulman says he w^ould 
 leather be a dog. I met a Bedouin driving an obstinate pig 
 into Jerusalem. The Bedouin called out to him, cursed be thy 
 father the son of a Jew. then, with another blow, cursed be thy 
 
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 for taking 
 
 e. die for 
 
 J the most 
 
 the Jews. 
 
 lim, ''Hia 
 
 iiige hmd, 
 
 hrctliren." 
 
 esent day. 
 
 as nothing 
 
 down half 
 
 man, I am 
 
 exclaim. 
 
 few Jew3 
 
 Avho have 
 
 ! -wliere arc 
 
 f. they arc 
 inrr* You 
 litical state 
 er, I know 
 . He will 
 t his father, 
 in Austria, 
 vamze land, 
 eginning to 
 }currence. 
 le fool pas:? 
 and n<^body 
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 hay he is a- 
 C'nil)er once 
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 we all be- 
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 eated to the 
 sir, he is a 
 we all kept 
 ys he would 
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 jstinate pig 
 rsed be thy 
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 mother the daughter of a Jew. Observe, it was the Jew whom 
 he cursed all the time. It was foretold that Israel should be a 
 servant to his brethren, and so he is, even as an usurer, what 
 does he do but serve you. Provided you give him goot security 
 and goot interest, he will give you the monish. — {Laiig/Uer.) 
 He will serve you. 
 
 The Bible is indeed true. Your Bible is built on every rock 
 in Syria. 
 
 One word in conclusion. That Christianity which rose from 
 poverty and degradation, has spread over the whole world, and 
 wherever it has gone, it has produced freedom, science, and 
 refinement. The Anglo-Saxon is now at the top of the pyramid. 
 They tell me it is the Anglo-Saxon blood which is the cause of 
 this. I do not believe it. Bleed me and you will find that my 
 blood is as good as yours. I can bring you as good Syrian blood 
 as any Anglo-Saxon blood. You Anglo-Saxons do not com- 
 prehend the cause of your greatness. We Syrians do. When 
 years ago I saw in my own country the great ships of England, 
 her goods all over Syria, and heard that she had sway over 
 200 millions of people, I thought she must be a very extensive 
 country, that she must spread from pole to pole. W"ell, when 
 I went to London, and travelled from there all over England, 
 Scotland and Ireland in five days. I said to myself, can it be 
 possible that this small Island rules 200 millions of people. 
 
 I saw the tall chimnies of the manufactories of Paisley, Man- 
 chester, and Birmingham, where goods are manufactured for the 
 whole world. Speak to the Bedouin of Birmingham, and he 
 knows not what you mean, but the scimitar which he carries was 
 made there. The Syrian never heard of Glasgow, but the gir- 
 dle which he wears is from that city. You find England's sol- 
 diers at Gibraltar, the key of the Mediterranean. You meet 
 her everywhere. She is, in fiict, the policeman of the whole 
 world. Whence has all this arisen 7 Three hundred years ago, 
 England was a third-rate power. Even paltry Spain made her 
 tremble at that time. You depended for your commerce upon 
 Flemish tubs (I call them tubs, for they were not ships). — 
 {Laughter.) You were not free then. Kemember Smithfield. 
 Tell me that your blood has achieved all your greatness for you! 
 Where was your blood 300 years ago 7 Perhaps it was thin 
 then, and has become a little thicker since ! — (a laugh.) No, 
 Sir, it was not your blood, it was the Bible of God, that has 
 made England what she now is. You cannot trace her supre- 
 macy one day earlier than the Reformation. Look at her in the 
 vertex of 1848, standing calmly with her arms folded awaiting 
 
 I 
 
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 ? i 
 
 14 
 
 the storm. The waves passed over her, but she stood firm and 
 unwavering. It was not her Anglo-Saxon blood which pre- 
 served her ; it waa the Bihh.— {Applause.) Do you remember 
 Louis Philippe— Pomare— Tahiti. Ten years after Queen Po- 
 mare became a Protestant. Louis Philippe sent her a ship load of 
 priests and crucifixes. She refused to receive them; but he 
 compelled her to take them, and to allow convents and nunne- 
 ries to be built. Six years after he was hurled from his throne. 
 Look at the triumphs of the Bible in the Society Islands. Thirty 
 years ago the Inhabitants of those Islands were savages. Twenty 
 years since they became Christians, and now they build their 
 own churches and schools, and contribute towards sending the 
 Gospel to the rest of the world. Mark also the spread of the 
 Gospel in India, China, and Persia. 
 
 One word more. You must all die ! What will be your 
 state after death? Christianity is a reality. Oh ! if I could 
 show you the terrors of hell ! But, what says the Word of 
 God? '• If they hear not Moses and the Prophets, neither will 
 they be persuaded though one rose from the dead." Go home, 
 and reflect that your hearts will not beat forever — that there is 
 an eternity be} ond the grave ! When you come to die, your 
 wealth will not be of any benefit to you ! Christianity cannot 
 be a fiction. Your souls are bound to an eternity, either of bliss 
 or of woe! Promise me that you will go home, and think of 
 this for one half hour. Think of heaven, think of the terrors 
 of hell, think of the love of Christ ! I shall be amply rewarded 
 for all my trouble, if you think seriously on these things for 
 even one half hour. Your Christianity is true, powerful, and 
 strong. Think of it ! And now, friends, I will bid you good 
 night. {E?ithusiastic applause.) 
 
 After a few remarks from the Chairman of the meeting 
 (Dr. Avery), a collection was taken up, the object of which was 
 then explained by the Lecturer in the following remarks: — " The 
 object of this collection is to aid in the erection of a church on 
 Mount Hermon. Several missionaries were sent there, one after 
 another, some years ago, but they were all driven away. At 
 last a doctor went there, who was very successful in healing the 
 sick. The people were very grateful to him, and asked what 
 he would take for payment. In Syria we do not pay our doctors 
 in money as you do, but in honey, or other produce. He said, 
 he required no payment, but asked as a favor that they Avould 
 
 
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 firm and 
 lich pre- 
 emeniber 
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 ; but he 
 i nunne- 
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 be your 
 I could 
 Word of 
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 Gro home, 
 b there is 
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 think of 
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 rewarded 
 ;hings for 
 ?rful, and 
 you good 
 
 ! meeting 
 which was 
 i:— "The 
 3hurch on 
 1, one after 
 svay. At 
 ealing the 
 ked what 
 lur doctors 
 He said, 
 lev Avould 
 
 15 
 
 allow him to preach the gospel to them. They granted his 
 request and he laboured among them as a Missionary. At 
 last, in 1855; eighteen persons declared themselves Protestants. 
 They worship in a small room. When the Gospel call came 
 from China a few years figo, an elderly man with a grey beard 
 rose up in their assembly, and said, *' Sir, we must do something 
 to send the Gospel there." The result was a collection of .£6 
 Ys. sterling, the first collection in the first native Protestant 
 Church in Syria. The members of this Church are very poor. 
 Th"Sir whole property is not worth £80 sterling. They are 
 anxious to build a Church. The Church will cost £600. This 
 amount has all been raised except 280 dollars. I hope Halifax 
 will give that sum. Be it your privilege to join with us in put- 
 ting a stone in the first native Protestant Church in Syria." 
 
 T 
 
■,-\ 
 
 Taesday, 9th September, 18^. 
 
 Secret of Happiness.— Bible the best book on Syrian customs.— Bedouins of 
 Syria and Indians of America, the same race.— Manners and customs of 
 Bedouins —America known to the Inhabitants of Syria in Solomoa'3 
 time, and colonized by them.— Townspeople of Syria, their manners and 
 customs.— Mode of ' Salutation.— Marriage customs.— Marriage of Isaac 
 and Rebekah.— Sects in Syria— State of Cliristians in Syria.— Degraded 
 condition of Syrian women.— Appeal on their behalf. 
 
 [As on the last evening, the Hall was filled to overflowing long 
 before the hour for the lecture, and many were obliged to leave 
 the building, being unable to find even comfortable standing 
 room.] 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen — 
 
 I am happy to be once more among you. I am glad to see 
 so many here, and sorry to learn that a number have been 
 obliged to leave for want of room. I really feel flattered by 
 your kind attention. Last night it was only 7iatural that there 
 should be a large audience. A Syrian from the Holy Land wag 
 to lecture in Halifax for the first time, and from the novelty of 
 the thing, many would be induced to come. But it is highly 
 gratifying to my feelings that after that novelty has ceased, so 
 large an audience is again here. I hope that I may be able to 
 tell you something which will repay you for your trouble in 
 coming. I am no orator ; I simply relate facts. I leave elo- 
 quence to other hands, and there are gentlemen on the platform 
 who arc much better skilled in the art than I am. I am anxious 
 to make you love Syria in her associations — to love her as the 
 temple of the Christian faith. Everything which shows the 
 Christian religion to be true is important to us. It makes our 
 faith rise from a worldly to a heavenly point of view- Then we 
 can say, "Thy will be done." 
 
 HMI 
 
18 
 
 Which is the happier, the Christian or the Infidel T 
 Where is the truest happiness ? We all long for happiness.— 
 Yonder young man is working day and night. You ask him 
 why he works so hard ? He tells you he is striving to make- 
 a fortune, so as to be able to retire from business, and be 
 happy. He amasses a fortune, and still he is not happy. 
 He says now he must get married, in order to l^ecorae 
 happy. He gets married, and still he is not satisfied. So 
 he goes on continually striving after happiness, but never 
 attaining it. I have traversed the civilized globe, and I have 
 found that everywhere men seek after the shadow, but miss the 
 substance. In order to be happy, we must live for others, not 
 for ourselves. There is a pleasure in making others happy. 
 I can prove this to you by every day occurrences. Take the 
 smoker. He will not perhaps, give a beggar a penny to get a 
 loaf of bread, but he will willingly pay sixpence for a 
 cigar, to smoke U'ith you. Take the drinker. He will spend 
 4s. or OS. for a bottle of wine, to enjoy the pleasure of drinking 
 it with a companion. No man can be happy, who lives for 
 himself alone. God knew this principle in our nature, when he 
 took the rib from Adam's side. Look at the miser. He goes- 
 about with a ragged coat, and a care-worn anxious look, piling 
 money upon moiey. Is he happy ? With all his money he 
 can only breakfast, dine, and go to bed, and so can I. He must 
 have a great idea of happiness ! Even children cannot be happy- 
 living for themselves alone. Poor little Jane is sick. She is 
 fond of flowers, but cai not go out to pick any herself. Little 
 John makes a bouquet for her, and she is quite delighted with 
 it. Is not little John happy now ? Take another illustration. 
 A little boy gets a penny to buy candy. The candy after it is 
 once eaten cannot be reproduced, besides it may spoil his teeth, 
 and make him ill. But suppose he goes and puts his candy 
 money in the ^lissionary box. then his candy will be repro- 
 duced over, and over ^gain, and ten times SAveeter. You say, 
 ■what can a penny do ? One penny cannot do much, but a haap 
 of pennies may be enough to pay the passage of a Missionary 
 to a foreign land, After some years a Syrian comes forth, who,' 
 with many others, has been converted through the instrumen- 
 tality of that Missionary, and who has been educated in a school 
 established by him. He' says to you, sir, I am your penny. 
 If it had not been for your individual penny, there would not 
 have been the collected pennies, and had it not been for them, 
 the Missionary would not have gone to my country, and I should 
 not have become a Christian. There then is the little boy's 
 
 k\ 
 
1 
 
 19 
 
 candy re-produced ten times sweeter. The man must be devwd 
 of all feeling who would not be made happy by seeing the good 
 that his penny has thus done. But we are not done with the 
 penny yet. Afier ten years more when the little Iwy has be- 
 come a man of thirty, another Syrian comes forth, and explains 
 as the former one did, that he is also the fruit of his peDiiy. 
 Again ten vears later another is brought to your notice, and at 
 last after tl'ie little boy has left this world, he finds his penny 
 again beyond the grave. A band of Syrians approaches the 
 Almigl'ty Father. They say, "here is the man who sent money 
 to Syria to teach us, to him we owe all our Christianity." TheO- 
 the little boy hears the heavenly greeting- " Well done, thoa 
 good find faithful servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." 
 Last night I endeavored to prove the reality of Christianity, 
 by describing the present condition of Syria, and its towns, and 
 showing how r^narkably the prophecies with reference to thera 
 have been fulfilled. To night I shall with the same view direci 
 your attention to the manners and customs of its inhabitants. 
 
 The best book on Syria is the Bible. We people in the East 
 are strange people, bashful people. We live much within doOTS, 
 and few see much of us, except those of our own country. Very 
 few travellers have written correctly of us, because they are not 
 admitted into our private circles. We are very fond of old 
 ways. Our customs are just the same now, as they were m 
 Bible times 3000 years ago, and therefore the Bible is the best 
 book on Syria. Some of our customs are amusing, laughable, 
 and interesting. They are altogether different from yours. You 
 take ofi" your hat on entering a drawing room, — we take off" oar 
 shoes. This is a custom that comes to us from olden timea. 
 Moses was told to take off his shoes* on approaching the burning 
 bush. Taking the hat oft' with us on entering a room would be 
 considered the same as t^dcing off one's coat with you. 
 
 The people of Svria may be divided into two great classes, 
 tLe Bedouins and "^ the Towns-people. The Bedouins are the 
 Ishmaelites of olden times. They inhabit the wilds of Syria, and 
 form a i)eculiar, and entirely distinct race. The Bedouin will 
 rob you on the principle that you have robbed him before. But 
 still the Bedouin is the soul of honor and chivalry. For a de- 
 scription of his character read Antar by Hamilton. If you reach 
 the Bedouin's tent and put your hand upon the pole, you are 
 safe,— your life is secure. The Bedouins arc well made and 
 exceedingly handsome, tall, erect, and noble looking, with an 
 eagle eye that will look you straight down. Their food is sim- 
 ply milk and Indian c "' The men are constantly away in the 
 
iiai 
 
 aiji 
 
 20 
 
 Mi 
 
 desert in search of plunder. The women remain at home to 
 take care of the tents. When I first came to America, some 
 four or five years ago, I was prepared to adopt the idea that your 
 Indians are the lost ten tribes. But when I visited Minnesota, 
 and Iowa, and went among the Indians there, I felt that there 
 was no fiction greater than the idea that they were Jews. I saw 
 at once from their customs and manners that they were down- 
 right Bedouins. We know the habits of the Jew. He settles 
 down to make money. Does the Indian do so ? No ; but like his 
 brother Bedouin in Syria, he loves to rove. You cannot make 
 him settle down in one spot. He has nothing in common with 
 the Jew. except hands and feet, a head, and a pair of eyes. — 
 (^LmiQhtcr.) He lives in a wigwam, the Bedouin in a tent. 
 The Indian calls the white man pale face, and considers him 
 cowardly : so the Bedouin calls us townsmen a band of women, 
 and regards us as low, mean, powerless people. Go into an In- 
 dian's wigwam, and the first thing he presents to you is the pipe 
 of peace , The Bedouin does the same when you enter his tent. 
 These two nations are also alike in the treatment of their chil- 
 dren. When an Indian child is born, it is strapped tight to a 
 straight board. The motlier carries it in this way on her back ; 
 and at the same time a load on her head. The Bedouin mother 
 does the same thing, and nowhere except among these two na- 
 tions have I seen this custom. Their lives, habits and manners 
 are similar. Look also at the Indian's features. He has the same 
 eagle eye and commanding look which distinguish the Be- 
 douin. I speak particularly of the Indian of the interior, some 
 2000 miles from the sea coa^t. I do not say that all the Indians 
 are Ishmaelites. Some in South America, and some in the Uni- 
 ted States, I am convinced are not. You will ask me how they 
 came over to America. Look at the last three vei-ses of the 
 ninth chapter of L Kings, and you will find that Solomon had 
 a navy of ships at Ezion-geber. You will see in the following 
 chapter that his ships made a voyage once in three years. Again 
 in speaking of Tyre, the Word of the Lord says. 'Thy rowers 
 have brought thee into great icatcrs, the East wind hath broken 
 thee in the midst of the seas.'' Observe that wafers is in the 
 plural. The Easterly wind would carry the ships direct to Gib- 
 raltar, and from thence across the Atlantic to America. Histo- 
 rians say that the Indians came by Behring's Straits. I do not 
 believe this, because very few Indians remains are found near 
 Behring's Straits. In fact, the majority of such remains are 
 to be found further South than this place. As to the story of 
 their coming over in a vessel which was driven far out of her 
 
 * 
 
 ^. 
 
I 
 
 21 
 
 course by a storm, and wrecked, jou may believe it, but I do 
 not. It must have been after-dinner talk. As I remarked 
 last evening, arts were practised in Syria in ancient times, which 
 are now unknown to the world. Why may we not have had as 
 perfect a knowledge of navigation as of the other arts, which 
 we know formerly existed among us ? The majestic columns of 
 Petra, and the magnificent temples of Baalbec, remain to prove 
 our knowledge of Architecture, and this country with its an- 
 cient inhabitants remains to prove our acquaintances with navi- 
 gation. I am satisfied that both the Atlantic and Pacific were 
 known m Bible times. 
 
 I will now speak of the Townspeople. I am a Townsman 
 myself Our national character has suffered much by mixing 
 ■^ith foreigners. We have learned from them duplicity in trade. 
 For instance a i'rench or Austrian merchant sends a cargo of 
 merchandize to Syria, amounting in value to £1000. His agent 
 takes a false invoice, in which the goods are made out to be worth 
 only X500, shews this to the custom house ofii^er. and pays du- 
 ties on the latte)^ amount only. The Syrian merchant, in order 
 to compete successfully with the foreigner, is obliged to practise 
 the same deception. This duplicity is then, you see, a foreign 
 addition to our character, and by no means a creditable one. 
 Nothwithstanding this defect, the Syrian is hospitable, generous, 
 and agreeable. He takes as much pains to be polite, and to 
 make himself pleasing to the old man of eighty, as to the young 
 girl of eighteen. — He is as agreeable with the one as he is lov- 
 ing with the other. — {Laughter.') The e are no hotels in Sy- 
 ria, except at Damascus or Jerusalem. When you enter a town 
 you knock at the first door you come to, and then walk in. The 
 servant comes to meet you, and then goes to inform his master 
 of your arrival. The master comes and welcomes you, telling 
 you that his house is yours. You then take off your shoes. In 
 Syria we wear morocco slippers — not such shoes as I wear here, 
 which are like yours. The servant then washes your feet, and 
 wipes them in true Abrahamic style. A pipe is then handed to 
 you. You are not asked whether you smoke or not, it is as- 
 sumed you do, as smoking is the rule, and not smoking the ex- 
 ception. You may then make yourself perfectly at home in the 
 house. You may stay one, two, or three days, as you please, 
 but you are expected to stay three days. If you then receive 
 a further invitation from the master of the house you may stay 
 three days more and so on, three additional days for every time 
 that the invitation is renewed. The rooms in Syrian houses are 
 large and spacious, and there are separate saloons for wome7i, as 
 
 r 
 
 wmm 
 
mill 
 
 22 
 
 they never sit in the same room with mm. When you enter a 
 room you find the people sitting all round the walls. It would 
 never do for us to sit in the centre of the room as you do, for as 
 our rooms arc always full of smoke, if persons were sttting in 
 the middle of the room, you would be apt to break the neck of 
 s pipe, or perhaps the neck of some person. — {Laui^hter.) The 
 seat of honor is directly opposite the door, and every new comer 
 is pressed to take that place. 
 
 The host sits near the door. Yon are not introduced as 
 you are here, — Mr. So and So, Mr. So and So,— but the 
 host takes you in his arms and kisses yon, as much as to 
 say, 1 take you into my confidence: the person sitting next 
 him does the same, and soon, until you reach the top of 
 the room, where you sit down, take your pipe and smoke 
 in company with the rest. I do not like this custom very 
 much myself. When I returned home after my first visit 
 to America, I was kissed all over my face until my cheeks 
 were really sore. — (Laughter.) 
 
 If a Syrian meets a friend on the street, he places his 
 right hand on his heart, then on his forehead, then kisses 
 the tips of his fingers, and then bows, which means I sin- 
 'Cerely love, respect and esteem you. Young Syria has 
 abbreviated this process, and merely kisses his hand. After 
 smoking, a servant brings you coffee, as strong as jalap, 
 (laughter,) without sugar or milk, in a cup as small as one 
 of your egg cups. Such coffee as yotirs would be nothing 
 but dirty water to us. Then iced sherbet (which is just • 
 iced lemonade) is brought in on a silver salver. Having 
 partaken of this, you talk, laugh, and so on, and after one 
 more kiss away you go. Our manner of living and our 
 houses ai-e altogether different from yours. We are all 
 such great smokers, that we would be sm*,tb.eied in your 
 houses, as there is no convenient way of getting he smoivc 
 out of them. Our houses are built in the form of a quad- 
 rangle. There is a square room in each corner, with half 
 rooms between them. The roofs of the houses are flat. 
 We often spend 6ur evenings, and sometimes the whole 
 nifht there. You read in the Bible of praying on the 
 ^ho\^^e 'Of: That is not at all an uncommon thing in Syria. 
 We recline on rich ottomans. We Eastern people are 
 fond of lounging. I like it myself, I do not fancy being 
 stuck up bolt upright on a chair like an Egyptian mummy. 
 We cannot live upon roast beef as you do. The heat fairly 
 
enter a 
 [t would 
 
 0, for an 
 tting in 
 
 1 neck of 
 /•.) The 
 w comer 
 
 need as 
 but the 
 h as to 
 ing next 
 e top of 
 1 smoke 
 Dill very 
 irst visit 
 ' cheeks 
 
 aces his 
 n kisses 
 ns I sin- 
 ^ria has 
 
 1. After 
 
 is jalap, 
 
 1 as one 
 
 nothing 
 
 \\ is just ■ 
 Having 
 ifter one 
 and our 
 ! are all 
 in your 
 le smoke 
 ' a quad- 
 vilh half 
 are flat, 
 e whole 
 ; on the 
 in Syria, 
 lople are 
 3y being 
 niummy. 
 eat fairly 
 
 23 
 
 makes rof/s/ />r<c/ of ourselves. (Lfiuffhtcr.) They laugh 
 at me at my hotel here for living on vegetables. We take 
 one meal between 11 and 12 o'clock in the morning, some- 
 thing like your luncheon — iicold chicken with abundance 
 of vegetables of i U knids. We time at half-past seven on 
 a warm dish made up of meat, minced with vegetal)les. 
 Tliere is one dish which I am very fond of. I will de- 
 scribe it to you, and if any of you will take the trouble to 
 make It, I will be happy to dine with you. — {A laugh.) 
 Take a vegetable marrow, scrape out the inside uiuil it is 
 quite thin, fill it with rice^ and mutton cut into small pieces, 
 and well seasoned with herbs, pepper, and salt, then lay on 
 the top a cauliflower leaf or something of Ihe kind, and 
 let It boil in a saucepan for 2 hours. We never eat meat 
 by itself, but always mix a large quantity of vegetables 
 with it. On this diet we attain to great age. Old men of 
 110, 120, and even 130 y«ars, are not at all uncommon in 
 Syria. 
 
 Our marriage customs are the most amusing and inter- 
 esting of all. We are still the people of 3000 years ago — 
 still the same as m Bible times. Look at Isaac's marriage. 
 Abraham said to his servant, go and take a wife for my 
 son, I depend upon your taste in the matter. Persons are 
 married in a similar way now in Syria. Marriage in Syria 
 is the great epoch in a young man's life. If a boy wants a 
 pair of shoes, his father tells him, wait my son until you 
 get married, and so with almost every thing else that he 
 asks for, and thus the young man is very anxious to get 
 married, as he expects then to have all his wants satisfied. 
 You say how is he to get married, when he never sees a 
 female ? The young people have nothing to do with bring- 
 ing it about. The father or mother manages ths affair. 
 Young men are married at the age of fifteen, or sixteen, 
 and girls at thirteen. My mother was married when she 
 was eleven, and I was born before she was fourteen. At 
 eighteen she was a widow with four small children. Tlie 
 climate allows these early marriages. Marriages are brought 
 about in this way. The mother sees a young girl who 
 pleases her, and she says to her husband, " husband, I think so 
 and so, would make a nice wife for our John." " Well," says 
 the husband, "do you think she will make him happy?" 
 '* Happy, oh, she will do well enough to hand him his pipe." 
 «' Very well then," says he, " you go and see her mother, and 
 
 I 
 
 T 
 
 r 
 
 wmm 
 
 mmm 
 
i 
 
 v^ 
 
 ili 
 
 ; II 
 
 24 
 
 I will see her*father." He accordingly calls on the father, and 
 after a good deal of preliminary conversation, tells the father 
 that he has a very fine daughter, whom he would like to have 
 the honor of getting for his son. If the proposal be agreeable, 
 the father replies, " Sir, the honor is on my head, I shall be 
 proud of an alliance with your house." And now the young 
 people are just as much married, as if the ceremony had actually 
 been performed, although they know nothing about it. They 
 are now betrothed. Some time after the clergyman comes to 
 the house of the father of the young man. The father tells the 
 son to bring a pipe for the clergyman. This is nothing uncom- 
 mon, as it is always done when a visitor enters the house. But 
 when the clergyman puts his hand on the young man's head, and 
 blesses him, he then suspects what is going on. He knows now 
 that he is betrothed, but whether his future bride is bla«k or 
 white, short or tall, whether she has false teeth or no teeth, 
 (laughter) he cannot tell, he only knows that he is going to be 
 married, as besides having received the blessing his father has 
 given the clergyman the diamond, bracelet, and necklace for his 
 future bride. The clergyman next goes tr the house of the 
 future bride. Her father says to her, " Jane, bring a pipe. ' 
 She does so, and the clergyman on taking it, blesses her. StiL 
 this does not excite her suspicion, as it is very common for the 
 clergyman to bless the girls j but when he puts the bracelet on 
 her arm, the diamond on her forehead, and the necklace on her 
 neck, she then knows that she is betrothed, but as to whether 
 her future husband has woolly hair or straight hair, arms or no 
 arms, a nose or no nose, she is utterly ignorant. {Laughter.) 
 You will remember that when Abraham's servant selected 
 Bebekah as a wife for Isaac, he gave her jewels. The poor 
 bridegroom has never y3t seen his wife, and cannot for some 
 time yet Tlie period oi betrothal varies from three to twelve 
 months, b-it three months is the usual period. Next comes the 
 marriage. This occupies four days,— from Thursday until 
 Monday. If the Syrians saw your marrir.ges liere which are 
 completed in five minutes, they would be astoni.^hed. They 
 would say. " well, these people do every thing by steam, they 
 even get married by steam." {Laughter.) Ten years ago a 
 marriage used to occupy fourteen days, but young Syria has 
 shortened the period. Anyone, knowing that a marriage is 
 about to be celebrated, may enter the house of the father ot the 
 bridecrroom. He goes in and finds the house full of people eat- 
 ing and drinking. No invitation or preparation is required, 
 except that you must have your best clothes on— you must have 
 
 \. 
 
w^ 
 
 ;as 
 
 mi 
 
 ther, and 
 he father 
 3 to have 
 tgreeable, 
 
 shall be 
 le young 
 d actually 
 t. They 
 
 comes to 
 r tells the 
 ig uncom- 
 ise. But 
 head, and 
 nows now 
 
 black or 
 no teeth, 
 oing to be 
 father has 
 ice for his 
 ise of the 
 
 a pipe." 
 icr. Still 
 )n for the 
 racelet on 
 ace on her 
 3 whether 
 irms or no 
 aughter.) 
 t selected 
 
 The poor 
 
 for some 
 
 to twelve 
 comes the 
 iday until 
 which are 
 ed. They 
 ;eam, 
 jars 
 
 Syria has 
 tiarriage is 
 ther of the 
 people eat- 
 ; required, 
 must have 
 
 they 
 ago a 
 
 25 
 
 the wedding garment. You find some fitleen or twenty men 
 with long grey beards, carrying round trays of sweet meats. 
 You refuse to take anything, as you say that you have already 
 eaten enou^rh, but you are pressed to eat, and must eat as they 
 teU you, the more you eat and drink, the more you show your 
 bve to the bridal pair. So the guests continue eatmg from 
 Thursto afternoon until Sunday evemng. The bridegroom 3 
 father i soon as it becomes dark, says, " now friends, we mu3t 
 go to church." Marriages are always celebrated at night. 
 A taper is then given to certain of the guests, as an invitation 
 t wHness the marriage ceremony, and the others quiely take 
 SeTr leave. Bemember the parable of the wise and foohsh v^- 
 Sns. The bridegroom and his party tben leave through the 
 archway. They arrive at the church. The ^nd^S^^J^ 
 not even yet see the bride, for she is veiled from head to foot 
 You will remember that Rebekah veiled herself when she met 
 Wc Even after the marriage ceremonial the bridegroom 
 loTs notTmmediately see his wife' The bride and bridegroom 
 
 ^Tthen paraded thLgh every street i- {f ^-' ^^^, ^"^^rrW^^ 
 eoina one way and the bridegroom's another until they arrive 
 ft the house ^f the bridegroom's father. A little before mid- 
 nlht the cry is heard, the " bridegroom cometh," and exactly 
 at='hat hour the door is shut. Those who are out hen ^ust 
 remain out, and those who are within, remam m. {Ihe l.ec 
 toerhere gave a humorous description of a marriage at Tripoli 
 n which he himself took part as one of the groomsmen. He 
 
 graphically described the anxiety of tl^^^^^^^f^bv the mt 
 life, his nervousness and trepidation on being told by the mis- 
 
 S evous younc men among his party, that the bride was old 
 ujy, &c.%owever, the bride turned out to be a very pretty 
 
 ^ The Syrians are all nominal Christians and Mahometans 
 They are very indolent and ignorant. You wil scarcely find 
 five among aimdred who can read. Even withm my own re- 
 meXnle, when a letter came to Beyi-out, it was necessary ^ 
 20 over the whole town to find a person to read it. The girls m 
 lyr a (except in Beyrout, the town I come from) are considered 
 beneath education. If I were a married man. m Syria and 
 a s^ wT borp to me, my friends would run to me and say, 
 ^' ul ;ou a son is born," a'nd I should be expected to give the 
 bearer of the ioyful tidings, my purse, f>v some valuable pre- 
 S After that I should^lways be called by the name of my 
 Ton If my son's name were Gregory, I should be styled Fa- 
 te Grecrory. If you were to write a letter to me, you would 
 
f^Um 
 
 mmMtM 
 
 mtmii 
 
 "■4^' 
 
 I!! 
 
 % \ I 
 
 26 
 
 address me thus : ''My dear Father Gregory.'' So in conversa- 
 tion also, I should always be called "Father Gregory." But 
 if it be a girl that is born, no one will come to tell of it. Bad 
 news comes soon enough. All the windows in the house will be 
 closed, and you would suppose that a funeral had taken place. 
 My friends will by and bye, come to condole with me and say 
 am $halluh. (it may please God) to give you a son next time, 
 and the daughter can sweep your house, and cook your dinner, 
 and thus be of some use to you. As to her being educated, such 
 a thing is never thou-ht of The Mussulman never expects that 
 she will go to Heaven. Indeed he does not want he^to go there, 
 as he looks forward to meeting there the beautiful Houris, whom 
 he thinks earthly companions would defile. At her father's she 
 has been the slave of the whole household, and now she is mar- 
 ried to a man she never saw, she must be a slave to him. The 
 moment he walks in, she must bring him his pipe, if he weeps, 
 she must weep, if he laughs, she must laugh, she must be all 
 things to him. Her bosom must never beat with pleasure, she 
 must be all submission to her lord and husband, and never pre- 
 sume to sit in his presence.— Ladies ! how would you like this 
 to be your condition ? If you were kept in this state, would 
 you not be anxious that some one would plead for you ! If she 
 is beaten nobody knows it. Nay, he may even kill her. One 
 individual, as it was afterwards discovered, killed seven wives in 
 one night. A writer on Syria, speaks of having found the body 
 of a female under the window in the street, stabbed in two 
 places. The body was put into a sack and thrown into the wa- 
 ter, and no inquiry made about it. Unhappily, beating, flog- 
 ging, and killing, are not the worst. If your condition is differ- 
 ent, ladies, it is not because you are Anglo-Saxons, but because 
 you have the Bible. If you think that it is education makes all 
 the difference, look at the loose girl of France or Austria. In 
 Syria the father takes his child with him to the store, and takes 
 care of him. Here, his mother takes care of him all day. It 
 is only in Bible lands that woman is a wife and mother. In 
 Turkey and Syra she is only a slave. 
 
 I know not how to beg. You may know this, as I have not 
 been near any of you to day. I want you, however, to feel for 
 Syria. To say that you are sorry for hor only, will not 
 do. That is just Ipie mustard on beef—^ mere accompani- 
 ment to something more substantial. If you really feel for 
 Syria, you will be willing to give something to aid her. Why 
 must missionaries always derive their support from England 
 and America ? Is Halifax for ever to remain free from such 
 
•as^^^^mt^e^MtStltli 
 
 ?onversa- 
 ." But 
 it. Bad 
 e will be 
 en place. 
 ! and say 
 ext time, 
 
 dinner, 
 ted, such 
 ects that 
 go there, 
 is, whom 
 ler's she 
 } is mar- 
 n. The 
 e weeps, 
 istbe all 
 jure, she 
 >ver pre- 
 like this 
 J, would 
 If she 
 r. One 
 
 wives in 
 the body 
 I in two 
 • the wa- 
 ag, flog- 
 is diflFer- 
 
 because 
 aakes all 
 ;ria. In 
 nd takes 
 lay. It 
 ker. In 
 
 27 
 
 such claims ] This is the first time that a Syrian laborer in tho 
 Missionary cause, has ever visited you, and let it be said that 
 vour reply to this appeal was, " We iri/Hielp.'' 
 
 I have told you nothing strange. 1 have told you simply the 
 fact that T-a-e is no longer, that Baalbek is in rums, that Jeru- 
 salem is in heaps. But the same God who foretold the destruc- 
 tion of those cities, has also said of Syria '' I will redeem her 
 acrain, I will make her the glory of the whole earth. That 
 p?onhecy is now being fulfilled. Look at our rising Beyrout. 
 I have told you what she 'was 20 years ago. Now, we have 
 schools, churches, missionaries, and our people are educated and 
 refined. Be it your privilege to join in this missionary work. 
 Show that you can live for others, and that the land where Christ 
 died for your sake is not without your sympathy. Let it be 
 said that Halifax, when this appeal was made to her, came tor- 
 ward sympathizingly and generously. I can say no more. 1 
 know not how to say more. ^ ^, , , jv i,.,^ 
 
 I thank you for your marked attention. Oh ! how delighted 
 I should be if my mother were here to-night. How it would 
 delight her heart, far away in Syria to know that an audience 
 had listened with such attention to her son, for an hour and a 
 half Once more I thank you, and now, may the Lord bless 
 jou and poor ^jvm.— {Enthusiastic applause.) 
 
 lave not 
 > feel for 
 m\\ not 
 ompani- 
 feel for 
 . Why 
 England 
 )m such 
 
■'13 
 
 Li 
 
 tttatmrnrnM 
 
 
 
 
 ~i ""1 
 
 P"" 
 
 
 
 ■1 
 
 ^ 
 
iJBata 
 
 MMMi 
 
 / 
 
 ■Wednesday, 10th September, 1856. 
 
 The Late War-Its connection with Syria and the Holy Lan'J-Preserving the 
 Intesrity of the Ottoman Empire— The immediat* cause of the War- 
 Dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre-Different Christian Sects in 
 Svria—Maronites— Intrigues of France and Russia— Ihe Late treaty— 
 iL effect-Education in Syria-First Missionaries there and their con- 
 verts— Their Sufferings— Protestant School at Beyrout, opened by William 
 Thomson, of Ohio-Its beneficial effects-Present and former state of 
 Beyrout. 
 
 [Although an admission fee of 7 l-2d. was taken this even- 
 ing, at the suggestion of the Rev. P. G. McGrigor the evening 
 previous the room was still crowded. This small fee was 
 charged in order to secure comfort to the speaker and audience, 
 by the Hall's not being uncomfortably filled, and that some 
 noisy boys who had obtruded themselves at the second Lecture 
 might be excluded. The Lecturer was opposed to it, as he said 
 that he wished evcnj one to. know about Syria, and did not in 
 any sense of the word want to beg. He finally consented how- 
 ever.] 
 
 SIrT Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen — 
 
 " I rise to address you for the last time. There is something 
 sad in the words ''the last time:'' Parting is to me always 
 sad. Even on leaving a hotel for the last time, I feel sad. 
 You may imagine then how deeply pained I must feel at parting 
 with you, after the peculiar kindnesses which I have received, 
 th« manner in which you have opened your hearts and your 
 homes to me, and the attentive hearing you have given me. A 
 number of gentlemen who kindly called and left their cards, 
 I have not been able to see. I hope they will take the intention 
 
 TT-f 
 
 dtt 
 
 mmmmmmi^m 
 
30 
 
 11 
 
 for the deed. I cordially thank those gentlemen who have m 
 kindl J given me their time, and invited me to their homes. My 
 home is in Syria 7000 miles away, and I cannot hope ever to 
 visit you again, nor can I expect that you will leave your duties 
 to come to see me. We shall see each other no more until we 
 meet at the great tribunal. Once more I thank you for your 
 hospitality and kindness to me, and now friends to our lecture. 
 {Enthusiastic and continued applause.) 
 
 I thank you for the applause, but please leave it until the 
 close of the lecture. 
 
 Our subject is one of deep interest to you Anglo-Saxons, for 
 you have spent your money on it, — and what is infinitely more 
 valuable than money, — your blood. I am about to show you 
 how Syria and the Holy Land are connected with the War, and 
 how the War took place. I shall also explain to you the late 
 Treaty, and the results which have just begun, and which must 
 inevitably follow from it. Syria must always be a place of vital 
 interest to England and the Anglo-Saxon race. Imagine that 
 you have a map of Europe before you. There away up to the 
 north is Russia, and below her, to the southward, Austria and 
 Prussia. Then to the east of the latter two countries, and to 
 the southward of the former you find Syria, Africa, and Egypt. 
 France through her first Napoleon once said, " Give me Syria 
 and I will conquer Constantinople, and break down the Turkish 
 empire." Russia says the same, and they are right, too; for 
 Syria is the key to the possession of Turkey. Russia says, 
 *' Give me Turkey, and I can soon conquer Austria and PruesiaJ' 
 If she gets Syria she will soon overrun Austria and Prussia, 
 and ten years hence there may be France alone on the continent 
 to bear the brunt of the whole Russian empire, France. Russia, 
 Austria, and Prussia, are all clamoring for the possession of 
 Syria, but England steps in and says, •' Gentlemen, none of 
 you can have it ; if any one must have Syria, I must have it 
 myself" (Applause.) But England says, "If I take it, I 
 will be vulneiable at thai point : Russia will be constantly 
 attacking me there, and it would cost me another national debt 
 to fortiiy it." England, therefore, determines to insure its 
 possession to Turkey, and to defend her in the possession of it ; 
 and this is what is called preserving the integrity of the Otto- 
 man Empire. 
 
 Much has been said about danger to India, if Russia should 
 become possessed of Turkey. But those who know the Balkan 
 and Himalaya mountains, know that there need be no fear alwut 
 India being conquered by any army coming over them. How- 
 
 ^m 
 
a ... iiBS 
 
 lave m 
 
 '• My 
 ever to 
 r duties 
 intil we 
 )i' your 
 lecture. 
 
 itil the 
 
 ons, for 
 ly more 
 )w you 
 ar, and 
 he late 
 jh must 
 of vital 
 ine that 
 > to the 
 ria and 
 and to 
 Egypt, 
 e Syria 
 lurkiah 
 too; for 
 ia says, 
 ruBsia.' 
 Prussia, 
 mtinent 
 Russia, 
 3sion of 
 none of 
 have it 
 :e it, I 
 nstantly 
 rial debt 
 sure its 
 >n of it; 
 le OfJo- 
 
 \, should 
 
 Balkan 
 
 )ar alwut 
 
 How- 
 
 31 % 
 
 ever, if Syria belonged to France or Russia, the highway of 
 England to India would be blocked up, and it would cost her a 
 miltion, perhaps a thousand millions, to keep up her intercourse 
 with that country. 
 
 Now, let us step back oOOO years ago. Syria was even then 
 an interesting country. The Almighty having the whole earth 
 before him, chose Syria par excellence, as a good and perfect 
 gift for Abraham, and also as the dwelling place of His own 
 Son while in the flesh. 
 
 Alexander the Great knew the importance of Syria. He spent 
 several months at the siege of Tyre, and at the end of that 
 time a bridge, which he had constructed to lead into the town, 
 was destroved. He was dismayed, appalled, and would have 
 retired from the field, but that he felt it was absolutely necessary 
 for him to possess the place— Tyre being the mistress of the 
 Mediterranean. 
 
 Your councillors, your statesmen, know full well the value 
 of Syria. Let her be menaced, and you will have to go and 
 fight' again. Your blood was shed unsparingly at Sebastopol, 
 and it would then have to flow as freely again. 
 
 God has done for England what she never could have done for 
 herself This war has strengthened her interests, and insured 
 her safety in the Mediterranean, in Turkey, Syria, and Egypt. 
 You ask me how? I will show you. The war commenced 
 about the dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusa- 
 lem. This dome became dilapidated ; the Greek Church said, 
 *'I must repair it." The Romish Church claimed the same 
 privilege. Lavalette asked and obtained from the Sultan o. firman 
 to enable the Romish Church to build it. The Greek Church 
 found themselves nonplussed. Russia then said to Turkey, 
 "You must recal that firman." Turkey was about to do so, 
 when Lavalette said, -If you (/o, I will bring a fleet to Con- 
 stantinople.'' Turkey then hesitated. Russia seemg this, said, 
 " If threatening be the order of the day, I can threaten too,'" — 
 and ordered her armies into the Principalities. This was con- 
 sidered as a casus belli by Turkey, who accordingly declared 
 war some time after against Russia. 
 
 You will ask me how did the Greek and Romish Churches 
 get to Syria, and what have they to do there 1 I will explain to 
 you. There are various sects of Christians in Syria. There 
 are the Greek Orthodox, the Greek Maronites, and the Roman 
 
 C/itholics. 
 
 ' The Maronites acknowledge the Pope as the head of the 
 Church. In the 11th century the Crusaders went forth. The 
 
 T™" 
 
mm 
 
 MBH 
 
 
 # 
 
 S2 
 
 i .(! 
 
 I 
 
 Crusaders hated the Mussulmen, and so did the Maronites, who 
 accordingly made common cause with the Crusaders, and con- 
 sented to acknowledge the Pope as the head of the Church, 
 although they have no other views in common with the Catho- 
 lics. There was a popular preacher in Damascus called Caro- 
 lus — a Greek bishop. His people wished to make him Patriarch 
 of Antioch, but the Greek Ecclesiastics refused to do so, as he 
 held some doctrines which were contrary to thoso of the Greek 
 Church. For instance, he believed that the Holy Spirit pro- 
 ceeded from the Father and the Son. The Greek Church be- 
 lieves that the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Father alone. 
 In this strait the Catholics ofiered to make him Patriarch if he 
 would acknowledge the Pope as Head of the Church. He con- 
 sented to do so, and thus became Patriarch of Antioch. Thus 
 sprang up the sect of the Maronites. 
 
 Strenuous efforts have been made by the Roman Catholics to 
 extend the power of the Komish Church in Syria. They have 
 built cathedrals, convents, nunneries, and so forth. A poor 
 Maronite finds a magnificent cathedral going up by his door. 
 He savs, " Dear me what a fine church, what church is that?" 
 "Oh,-" says the Ilomanist, "that is your church." "Oh, 
 no," he replies, " that cannot be the case, for I am a poor Ma- 
 ronite." "But yon acknowledge the Pope as the Head of the 
 Church." "Yes," "Well, then, that Church is for you." 
 
 The Greek Church were acting in the same way. 
 
 The movements of these Churches were closely watched by 
 the Potentates who supported them, and they were both making 
 rapid advances, until this war broke out and stopped ihe progress 
 of both of them. 
 
 We are all Turkish subjects in Syria. France is the pro- 
 tector of the Romish Church, and Russia of the Greek Church. 
 I will explain to you how they became such. Even as late as 
 five years ago. the greater part of the inhabitants of Beyrout 
 were in a very degraded condition. A Christian's word would 
 not be taken in a Court of Justice, and he had to suffer all 
 kinds of insults. Suppose I were a Roman Catholic or a Greek, 
 and a Mussulman strikes me on the cheek. I go and tell the 
 Consul — the French or the Russian, according to the Church' to 
 which I belong. The Consul immediately puts on his cocked 
 bat. and goes to the Pasha, and says, "Sir, this conduct must 
 not be allowed." " Certainly not," says the Pasha. " the man 
 must be punished," and accordingly he is punished. The Pasha 
 does this not because he cares about the Christian, but because 
 he is afraid of greater demands being made by the nation to 
 
km 
 
 
 yggaim 
 
 88 
 
 • 
 
 by 
 
 which the Consul belongs. From frequent occu'rences of tta 
 kind it became an umfcrstood thing, that the Romish Church 
 ;r, unto he protection of France, and the Greek C'mrch unto 
 r protection ol' Russia. These powers, m order to s«rve their 
 own eiuls have made political capital out of our creeds. They 
 were endeavoring to effect by stt-atagem, ^v^at they could not 
 
 :Z by fo-e. F-nce says,' "If I can >n'f'^,,-ll ^^P^^nk 
 
 Syria Vatholkx, I shall have their sympathy. I^"?f «L"^^ 
 
 she will attain the »me end by making them all '^^^^'^^^ 
 
 (ireek Church.' France has spent enormous sums of money tor 
 
 Meet Tie Roman Cath'olic Cathedral in Jerusalem cost 
 
 PlTnonO one in Beyrout X120,000, one m Damascus £80,- 
 
 m:Z\C::: l W ^00,000.. several othe« have 
 
 hppn built at a large cost in other towns in Syria. What a con 
 
 Stsis to the'^liberality of Protestants! .It has cost your 
 
 iinworthv speaker, three years labour to raise i-bUU. 
 
 You isk me who has gained by this war 7 I say nothing has 
 .ailed by T but the^Bible/ All the great Powers who 
 ^ngag^^^ it, have been disappointed. They have been d^ck- 
 mated in every project and in every idea by the Great Super- 
 fntending Powe'^^ Goo has said to France and Russia, 
 " Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further ! -, i.x.u^,. 
 
 Turkey never supposed that the war was gomg to annihilate nei , 
 but h SXie so'virtually by the destruction of her re igion^ 
 She may now say of her Islamism, - Ichabod, the glory is 
 
 ''Cfagain as to France. A cardinal from I^ome used to 
 visit KSvrfa every few years in state, and parade through the 
 
 et It the heaLf a Lge procession, almost equal mma^ 
 nificence to a re-al retinue, in order to impress the SyrianbWith 
 "i Zof the pSwer and grandeur of Rome. France supposed 
 that she would be a gainer by the War, ^^^^.^f^f, ^^.^^^^^ 
 disaDDointed. The Bible is now allowed to circulate treelv 
 uSr;nl-- in Syria, and I need not tell you friends, tha 
 where the Bible jroes, it will make its way. {Applause.) All 
 Ihl^flrent nations entered upon the War with different motives, 
 luit God overruled it all, to his own glory. 
 
 So again Witt Russia! Russia thought tbat the War would 
 destroy the Romish Church, but her own power has been broken. 
 ThfBible now goes to the Greek, as well as to the Mussul- 
 
 "''The promises are now being fulfilled of the deliverance of 
 Syria. Baalbek remains to attest her former grandeur, iyre 
 is no longer, and Jerusalem is in heaps. The Dead Sea flows 
 8 
 
 ^W 
 
• 
 
 34 
 
 
 over Sodom and Gomorrah. But the same mouth which uttered 
 the proXy of Tyre, that she should be a rock for fishermen 
 to spread their nets on, has also said of her, and of all Syria ' I 
 wilfredeem her again, I will make her a praise unto all nations 
 Do you not see thtt there is a ffuiding hand m Syria .' If a 
 Syrfan is injured the whole world is in coinmotion about hin. 
 Y^takc asliuch interest in him as though he were j.our o.n 
 child You do not take such an interest m other countries 
 Lot China Prussia, or Franco be atiaoked, and you are quite 
 intilk nt\ result. Although this War came upon us 
 
 ui^eWedly, it did not come too soon. Our country required 
 r CntyVs ago it would have done little or no good. 
 The state of ignorance which then prevailed, even m Beyrout 
 I ha; already described to you. Girls were looked upon as far 
 mferiortomen, thtee girls being considered equivalent to one 
 boy AH the education you could then find in Syria, ^^as a 
 school of twelve- boys-the scions of the aristocracy sitting 
 S rV^^t in the vestry of the Church. They were taugh 
 to read the Psalms of David ; there ,was no Spelling Book in 
 Svria When a boy could read tlie Psalter, he was considered 
 ^[uStod A^ithme^tic was not taught. The educated boy could 
 not tell what twice two made without counting it up on Ins 
 fingers. The people, then, ha.ghed at the ulea of the wor 
 behig round, or that tlie sun stood still If I had to^^l the, 
 that this liandkerchief was silk, and the Chui-ch said it was 
 cotton, they would believe that it was cotton. Even on looking 
 Mt it thev Avould not think otllerwis(^ It I were to say, teel it, 
 K^y tmM-ply, ''we do nut want to feel it; the Church has 
 said it i. cotton, and we say it is cotton-- ro//o/. it must be, and 
 so there is an end of all argument about it. 
 
 Such was the state of Syria a few years ago, but a. great 
 .liange has been wrought there. Got) first began with the 
 Christians. In 181H the first Missionaries (who were Ameri- 
 cans) went to Syria; English Missi^aries went subsequently^ 
 As soon as it was known that thcc Missionaries had lauded, a 
 cry went through all the churche. that they were heretus. i 
 a Syrian saw one of them walking down the s^cet, he wouh 
 run as if the plague were after him. If a Missionary even M 
 his way out of a street, they would put their hands to their 
 ears, and run away as if for their lives, cvymg heretic herctw. 
 Whit human power could efiect anything under such circum- 
 stances as these '.' The work which has progressed there within 
 the last twenty years is peculiarly the Almighty s own woi^ 
 The word "heretic" in Syria means a man expelled trom the 
 
a 
 
 35 
 
 • 
 
 Clmvch, and «.cur^l by O^V'^^'ltl'TSTJiftot 
 is mt\ to bo rcsorvca for the heretic. It is thouKlit worse 
 
 f , retic, tl„«. to be a thief, or even a murderer. A Jh^'j]* 
 ■:,u.lere; can Ik, '^^Z^^ZT^^^^ 
 the natives were shy of *f«"''rX American Missionaries 
 tions were uttere.1 iiffvinst them • Iho A;""'^'' j,. ^^]^„^^ 
 
 Uitoed prayerfully and faithfully &»» ^.^^ '» ^^'^ Arsons 
 "tTtl^irtltrbrth™^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 .n.e St 1 ke the different regiments in your -™y-«j"4„; .^ 
 
 \ hZ^ Croi mm\ I ^s\\\ hail him as a brother. \ ou amI 1 s<ty , 
 
 ^Iwvc n M^i»aries. 'key were ;'-%'---•;";;, ^^ "l 
 
 rrdingiy brought up ^;^;^:;^S^:^J^:f^:{:^ 
 
 S h-;:::—! ''yon: thef C I co«ld be O-e so„ of 
 
 ;,„ Armenian Bishop, ami yet a ^''^^'J";'"^,,^,, ^,„ .„fes„i„i, 
 
 You call y»"™« ''=?,<^ '"*™'^', ' " ,\,;^ f L Aeutions 
 
 i^:u::iaSans^urtLi^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ;:!"i;Xfoni;\''roVat'yo«r Missionary Uecords to 
 'T S KSn Missionaries v,ith o™ ttrS 
 : ;S [SiJId be liis nanro,) was cletmnined to re^^ajn. 
 
 ^:i^rt; bS tXr oSa?S . earnestly, telling 
 
• 
 
 86 
 
 Syria were at that t.„^e '"-'if j^'j/'^tw no bettor. Tl,o 
 th«,y wanted »«"'» ''%, n"„';, ""ild no idea of European 
 chidreuwere dirty. •1'"' P^."!' /"I,,,.;,,,, together. I'ray 
 manners. Men and won.en dul ""' "X ' ,aK » tl.e.n J. 
 exeu»o me for sayinj; men and ;«'.«'- ^^^ ^ ^ , „f tl.eu, 
 
 When I speak of n,y <'™ -"^''^y^^^^: I »lU eall you 
 an men mi icomm. Wlien J. speaK oi y ,,. . .,, 
 
 ladio. and ^entlctm (rMvflcr) ^ ^H,.*!' XS, and 
 
 eaeh of us a r(»m u.eely '"™'f'<^'^l.XJ'X &e Wlu u n,y 
 
 r: U Jrirnjf ,ers. The g^«t ^n was to see he 
 whole six boys with .tbeir ^™V ff™ hIuS' Arahie) with 
 (f»f 'l^-™^ I'^^il* ! 'r-f S ';l wteel. the] were 
 
 s was part oi ine j uu.».. .— - -■ ■ . j- , , ,, 
 
 i fine warm 'dinner ™«f '"S /'^ I'!:; '/ :^^;^t e, return to 
 
 obliged to stand lookmg at '- :^' '"'j' .'^.^f „t* the end of a 
 
 the school dmnerlesd. C-l /'"'=«■) ' p , ,,,,^e .^kwl 
 
 year, we eould speak Enghs^. petty -U-l o.p^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 me how it is, that I speak E"gl«h ^o « i o 
 
 first tongue in wliieh Tlearned to read, w nte , ml c.pr y^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 I think,^eel, aet, ami even J^™ >^„f„f ^i '' t, Mr. Thon.p- 
 
 Engliah exeept my J'T'^.i* f" Wo were then elean a,ul neat 
 son gave us two weeks vaeat^ ^^« « j„ ^.^^ „, „,„.„ „,Ve 
 in our persons l'-\ ^ood Uotlo^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^,,^ ^„l,„„, 
 
 boys compared to what we wen, wne i « 
 
 "^, '^lo'Z*^ nSyla':"' CiownW-wcled 
 
 so dirty." The boys stared "VrUtoniZ"nt I pulled my 
 grandfathers gazed on u,e ««' ^^^f »'™^,, J ^, ,J, 
 
 Ll ir»nSato it into Syri«-a Syrma boy wult fu.u lon^ Uu, 
 
 and nicely ^m 
 
 Haul I, ''<lo" 
 
 tlicro'H Tom, - 
 
 forgotten mo. 
 
 nice, and mn 
 
 them about tl 
 
 picturcH, cry 
 
 too!" Thei 
 
 to school t( 
 
 restrained, J 
 
 the school ii 
 
 for want of 
 
 that time B 
 
 formerly avi 
 
 tlemanly lo 
 
 twontj* wh< 
 
 boy in 15c)' 
 
 two or ihr( 
 
 never lett 
 
 and aft goo 
 
 Our gi 
 
 capable of 
 
 — no maji 
 
 warm feel 
 
 here or ai 
 
 mcnt. 'I 
 
 Haw a yoi 
 
 how the}/ 
 
 our kid } 
 
 selves lo 
 
 not ec^ua 
 
 i^yria, c 
 
 are prot 
 
 we love 
 
 We alst 
 
 yes '. W' 
 
 that th 
 
 -women 
 
 girls a 
 
 Nova i 
 
 compli 
 
 respecl 
 
 The 
 
 amau 
 
 y 
 
Jl 
 
 mc for 
 iinswor 
 ople of 
 
 )OCJlUSO 
 
 . Tho 
 iropcnn 
 Pray 
 lioin so. 
 jf tliom 
 all you 
 •y gave 
 ad, aiin 
 lieu my 
 room, r 
 rer here 
 in til em 
 the first 
 ised, l)ut 
 lid lose a 
 3m I lost 
 > sec tlio 
 I a bench 
 )ie) with 
 ley Avcre 
 return to 
 I end of a 
 ave asked 
 I was tlie 
 ; luy ideas, 
 t I am all 
 r. Thomp- 
 n and neat 
 AYOVC iu''e 
 the school. 
 r>cst dress, 
 ys crowded 
 yT, you arc 
 others, aTid 
 pulled my 
 J the same 
 ic pictures. 
 n,!j;lish, and 
 lid English, 
 long bail', 
 
 8T 
 
 V' "Why " 
 Haid I '' «^""'t you reme nhei Uui. ,^^^ ^,^^^ have you 
 
 ,n " Their fatl.e« mt.-vi.o«-.l «>'» ^;"" ,, ,/ e,mU not l.e 
 
 r school to tUUuretk n.u.. i'" .^'l.^; ol. wore mlW W 
 
 lt»r.., una ti,c con^l-c.- - that _.U . ^ y^^ , „ 
 
 tlie school in a smi^lc yeai . i" ^ ^.i-jiaren in attendance, l^om 
 
 fr want of funds, theiH) ^vcre "^ ^^^^^^^^ ^vitlMvhat she 
 
 nt n.c 15eyvont Iras become nnd- « J c u I ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 h:;TT oyi-out «ho cannot ho^he „^' J, Blount Honnon 
 
 S or tln^ h.,.n.«JJ ^J^^ ,,.„ „.. „U,o lun««a«.s, 
 never left Syr», a ul !'« ^l'*- , ,, ,„o,„. 
 
 and as ffx-l English as any o. l n ^^^^^ themselves 
 
 l,„,. i-irls have l^'^^Vt'^i^'-'Vo' ve I<iaWn> a^ you have, 
 Jle of eaucation. ^e 1-v-, n« ^ ;^,,„t ;;„ .ivls have as 
 _„o maiestic rivers, or .v 1.1 ""^ct, ^j,, i,„„ts as any huhes 
 
 «arm feelings, »"<^ f ''"'?;: Vid" - ■''- -l"*'t "f "'Xv 
 here or any ^vhero else. Or t > ^^^^^ ^ ,^^.^,, ^^^ t^ey 
 
 Int. Twenty years ago he /«»;,,„., ,,„,„ „p „r .lown o 
 
 „,^ a yo»"S «'""'"'i,: '' ",' ve go eourting «e >"«^* I"' ° 
 l,n» thcv hioked. Now -rtntu " .° ,. „ (,„.. nml make oui- 
 
 rSovos, straighten up o"', ?"'\^"'n„w- seven n,cn arc 
 SvcB i .,«iU.. smart -'f ",Uen the r.ihlo went to 
 not enual to one woman m "^ " . ;„ ^oeial i-'Sition. \\c 
 Z X} ,mr uirls were at once clcvatui ni . ^^^.^^^^ 
 
 t.?;;o«a to sec them no l^-^^flnncUm or burning W 
 '1- love to feel their soft and !?^nf .>";;! • „„ hours. ^ es 
 Wc also love their co'''r'"''»tVo lom'c; .md I pvay .'» ^i"^ 
 " , ,,c «iU have them 'l^n ta Ae irhole of Syria, our 
 J. . .,^ »;„,„ muv come when ni i"i ,.,.„;„ „„v. Our 
 
 ",, ,,c«iU have then. «'»"» jn he vhole of 
 that the time -Y ^ h^'rLTaignity of thch 
 
 Nyria, our 
 
 &• the time may ^f^^xJ^ £^y o( their seK. Our 
 «omen will he exalte,! to the p oper y ^^^^^^ ,,^,,,^,, 
 
 ,.irls are amiable, l^^^'^ .,:"', "" .u-o, and I pay. y^«- t^o 
 •tlovaScotian topics, ^ca^'til Us you .^^> ,^^,^.,^^ ^ ,„ ,h,s 
 
 compliment, our bynan g» ' , 
 
 respect. . ^„„„ , ,,• „,„. Merchants now. , totmeriy 
 
m 
 
 mm 
 
 m 
 
 <> 
 
 8 
 
 a man worth tenw of thousands is not considered extraordinarily 
 wealthy. All this has been done within the last 20 years. 
 Look at our luxuries, our drawing rooms, our carpets, furniture, 
 kc. 
 
 If his Holiness were to tell us noAv, that a sour thin;^ was 
 sweet, Ave Avould say, " wait your Eminence, Ave Avill taste it 
 ourselves.'- As a proof of Avhat the Bible has done, I Avould 
 only ask you to look at Old and New Beyrout. OldBeyrout is 
 like the old town of Edinburgh — black und dingy. The ncAv 
 town is beautiful — pleasantly situated and eniboAvercd amidst 
 nnilberrv trees. 
 
 The Oliristians arc noAV rising up. •Do you suppose I Avould 
 alloAV a Turk to strike me on the cheek? No, I)y no means. 
 "We Avere on the point of a civil Avar, Avhen this War broke out. 
 (Mu'istianity came OA'cr our country, like a mighty Niagara, roll- 
 ing along, and bringing Avith it Avealth, refinement, taste, and 
 civilization. The Mussulman, hoAVCver Avas a drag to us. We 
 Avere sighing for a change Avhcn Go i> brought about this War. 
 Maliometanism had ever been a great barrier to the advancement 
 of our country, and to the progress of Cliristianity. This War 
 came and broke it doAvn. The late treaty alloAVS the Bible to go 
 to every man in Syria. The jMussulman can noAv go to school 
 with tlie Christian. Wo can now teach the Mussulmen, and they 
 will conse(juently advance as Aveli as ourselves. The War was 
 necessary for 8yria and ibr Euro{)e. (The Lecturer here related 
 ;in iii(;ident wliieh took place in Beyrout, so late as April 1855, 
 in Avhich ho himself Avas an actor, showing the insults to Avhich 
 the (Christians were exposed, and the (juarrcl:^ Avhich took places 
 between them and the Mussulmen, whicii would have ])robably 
 led ere long to oivil war.) The INIussulmen are noAv angry al)out 
 tiie late treaty, but that feeling Avill wear aAvay in time; and 20 
 years hence Turkey, I hope and believe, Avill be a Olu'istiaii 
 Country. We don't Avisii to drive the Mussulmen aAvay, ])ut to 
 nudic them part and parcel of ourselves. O. happy day ! O, 
 happy moment ! Avhen the banner of the Cross shall Avave over 
 -lerusalem — the grave of my (Jreat Redeemer. If I could only 
 see Ih'ft, I could die happy. I believe that it will happen, for 
 the Lord has said : — "I will redeem her, I Avill make her a praise 
 to all nations.'" Whoever supposed Avlien this War commenced, 
 that it Avould lead to the overturning of the Great Eastern 
 .h]mpi^ ? Who ever thought that by Turkey's rising up against 
 Russia's oppression that Christianity would be forAvarded in tJic 
 East? Nobody Avould have believed it, but it has coma to pass, 
 mid you, tUougii far frora ^ym, luay yet como to look upon hor 
 
39 
 
 as the dory of the world. I have devoted the energies of my 
 S^e _^^^^^^^^^ and strength for the last eight years,-to excite 
 In inte'Vin her. I felt very bad when it .^s Proposed *ha^^ 
 vou should nay for your admission here to night. It is true you 
 Ta^et^brLked'topay much, but I -nt .^/ to^~^^^ 
 about Syria. I ^n ant every heart to say, I/^f/^^^^^^^^^ 
 want vou to love Syria for Christ's sake. Contemplate youi 
 S-iviom-Tn the garden of Gethscmane ! Think of the Crown of 
 Ttorm on Ilfs brow ! Think of him dying-gaspmg for 
 breath . Th nk of Him as he was borne along to the stone o 
 unct on of His love, of His passion, of His death and burial ! 
 
 „S-v, i "«k Lt but fov the grace of Gob, you .n.gl t 
 have £ in the san.e state. Perhaps you ^v^l ^^^J^^^^l 
 ™v ^tren.'th hii3 saveil me trom the anuikard s oi tlie Beggar s 
 f7, m ^ir it is Goi. ! I want you to give with a loving 
 ate No-Pr,^it«'|Oi i/„o collection to be taken 
 
 because vou may yet have 1-. work for the whole wovhl. \oui 
 liecause you ni. y y . ^^,,.^,^.^,4 ,„ n,,,iang 
 
 ™„tt« rium^. . J f ^t^ ";. 1 ,(■ , d,„v thee uiy taith by my 
 ™: kf " S c I ai-ri'wiUi which be speafe of faith w.thou 
 oto. Tou say t., the hungry man, go an,l ho fed, bu yoiulo 
 
 rr:;' h::* iii^S'' ^ ^l<> be a CH^tian costB yoi. 
 I iiad uKtUj^uL VI rhooMo mv friends the eaiest 
 
 litth^ to be a smnor a great deal. i^uooHt- iny m^ 
 In best WMV Then you will have a Hunbug Father, to say, 
 •Well d-ie thou goodlnd faithful servant, enter thou mto the 
 joy of thy hoviV'—iA^plmise.) 
 
 
 ■m 
 
 iniiyii;»iiin ' 
 
 .\1 
 
^\ 
 
 mtHimmimi 
 
 i 
 
 ."%: 
 
 l^hfi liftcture being coucluded, the Chairman, (Rev. F. Cr. ; 
 
 McGregor,) announced that the . Lecturer would be happy to-j 
 reply t6 any questioa* respecting Syria, which any of the 
 audience might be disi'- ed to ask. No questiontJ, however, 
 were asked. The Lecturer then rose and said, " I thank yon 
 once more for your kindness and attention. Thanks to my 
 different Chairmen. May the Lord bless you all. If you ever 
 come my way, I shall be glad to return your kindness. I will 
 think of you, when far away. Syria will think of you too. I^ 
 shall ever consider as among the happiest moments of my life, \ 
 the hours passed in this Hall addressing such numerous, respect- 1 
 able, and intelligent audiences. ^ 
 
 I shall feel proud to get up an audience for you in Syria, if, 
 any of you will Jionor us with a visit. I feel sorry to leave 
 Halifax. It is not likely that we shall -^ver meet again unwl we 
 stand at the Judgment seat, before the Oreat Judge of all — ?imv 
 a God of mercy, fhen a God of Justice. May you live long, 
 happy and ireful lives; mav .ycmr last hours be calm |pid 
 peaceful, and may you be received at last into the Kingdom* of 
 . your God and Sa\nour !" 
 
 A vote of thanks was tlien passed by acclamation, the Doxo- 
 logy was sung, and the meeting pronounced concluded. The 
 audience however seemed unwilling to leave. Numbers of laxlies 
 and gentlemen pressed forward to the platform to take a personal 
 farewell of the liccturer, who received their congratulations in 
 a graceful land kindly manner. 
 
 Thus ^ended a series of Lectures which have probably excited 
 a deeper inttnest in Halifax, than any which have been delivered 
 in the city 'for years. Notwithstanding the injunction laid upon 
 them by the Lecturer, the audiences carried away by his vivid 
 and graphic descriptions, interrupted him with bursts of applau^. 
 The other part of the suggestion "a good round at the endr' 
 was not forgotten. 
 
 KuRATA— 7t,li page, I'Jtli Hue, for " had" reatl "has"; 17t.h lino, after 
 "present" ill >>rt "day"; ^)tlt page, 4 1 at line, after '"it" iusert a parenthe- 
 h;h: -iOtli Datre. 4lBt lin«. fur " Indians" r«ad " Indian"; 20th page, mh 
 Hue, for "tha" read " hia" ; HOth I'me, for " Sjg-a," read " »yvitk.- I 
 
• . 
 
 S'w