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 1 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
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 6 
 
\ 
 
THE BORDER WARS 
 
 OP 
 
 NEW ENGLAND 
 
BOOKS BY SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE 
 
 Bach 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 With Maps and IlloBtratlons. $1.60. 
 
 The Bobdbb Wabs or N«w EuaLANB. 
 
 Tfl. MAKW8 or VlBGIKIA AND TH. MlDDLH 
 
 Colonies, 1678-1701. -""x^um 
 
 Thk MAKiNa OF New England, 1680-1643. 
 The Makino or the Qbeat West. 1612-1863. 
 
at 
 k\ 
 
 Cdl 
 
 1 UE BOKDER \\ \I{S 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW ENGLAND 
 
 COMMONLY C.ILLED KINT. WIIXIAMS AND 
 QUEEN AN\E.S WVRS 
 
 3^ 
 
 Wm 
 
 ;;fvte 
 
 Fwa,V 
 
 
 
 
 r/l 
 
 !',V 
 
 SAMUEL ADAMS DKAKE 
 
 " Honor H a good broodi »i> t*t«r in 
 
 a man's hat. at all times. "-B. Jon: 
 
 SON 
 
 Jrm/ j/:4.vr iLLVsm.iTWNs a.yd maps 
 
 iM': 
 
 ^::w YORK 
 
 HARLE8 S( HIBNER'S S0N8 
 1897 
 
THE BORDER WARS 
 
 07 
 
 NEW ENGLAND 
 
 COMMONLY CALLED KING WILLIAM'S AND 
 QUEEN ANNE'S WARS 
 
 BY 
 
 SAMUEL ADAMS DEAKE 
 
 '■m 
 
 
 t 
 
 "Honor's a good brooch to wear In a man's hat. at all tline8."-B. 
 
 JONSON 
 
 WITH MANY ILLUamATlONS AND MAPS 
 
 NEW YORK 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 1897 
 
'\ > 
 
 ' r 
 
 -N \ " 
 
 
 \ fkimamn. im, w 
 CHARLES SCRIBNEH'8 80N8 
 
 ' / 
 
 TnOW DIIHOTOIIV 
 
 WII1TIN* AND ■OOKIINMNa COMMMt 
 
 WW VOMK 
 
TTO 
 
 LUCIUS TUTTLE, Esq. 
 
V '*<, 
 
 Nl 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAoa 
 INTiiODUCTION i 
 
 King Williani*8 War 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 I. Hostilities Begin 9 
 
 1688-1689. 
 
 n. The Sack of Dover 14 
 
 June 27, 1689. 
 
 III. The Captivity of Sarah Gbrrish . . .33 
 
 IV. Pemaquid Taken; with the Relation of John 
 
 Gyles 317 
 
 Angnst, 1689. 
 
 V. Church's First Expedition 86 
 
 September, 1689. 
 
 VI. Frontknac's Winter Raids , . . . ... 48 
 
 March, 1690. 
 
 VII. Phips Takes Port Royal, but Pails at Quebec . 55 
 May-October, 1690. 
 
 VIII. Church's Second Expedition 66 
 
 September, 1690-1691. 
 
 IX, York Laid Waste, Wells Attacked .... 78 
 
 February-Jmie. 1692. 
 
 X. Rebuilding of Pemaquid to Treaty of 1693 . . 82 
 
 May, 1692-AugUBt, 1698. 
 
 XI. Durham Destroyed 94 
 
 July 18. 1694. 
 XII. A Year of Disasters . 104 
 
 1694-1696. 
 
M ■ \ I 
 
 ,//'■ 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 OUAP. 
 
 XIII. Onslaught at Haveuhill 
 
 ^ , , , ! Jfwch 16, 16»7. 
 
 AIV. To THE Peace of Ryswick 
 
 FAOK 
 
 . 117 
 . 129 
 
 Queen Anne's War 
 
 1 1' 
 
 XV. The New Outlook 
 
 1702-1T08. * ... 
 
 XVI. Six Terrible Days 
 
 Angust, 1703. 
 
 XVII. The War Grows in Savagery 
 
 1703. ' • . 
 
 XVIII. The Sacking of Deerfield 
 
 February 28, 1704. * ' ' ' 
 
 XIX. THE^EN^MY CUTS OFF BOTH EnDS OF THE LiNE 
 
 XX. Church's Last Expedition 
 
 May, 1704. * * " • 
 
 XXL Negotiations for Neutrality 
 
 July. 1704-Ap.il, 1706. 
 
 XXII. Hostilities Resumed . 
 
 April, 1706-Oct., 1706. 
 
 XXIIL Futile Siege of Port Royal 
 
 May, 1707. ' ' ' • 
 
 XXIV. Haverhill Sacked . 
 
 Auguet 29, 1708. * • • • . 
 
 XXV. Invasion of Canada Pails ; Port Royal Taken 
 
 April, 1709-October, 1710. "-"itAi. xaken 
 
 XXVI. More Indian Depredations 
 June, ITIO-April, 1711. 
 
 XXVI L The Great Shipwreck 
 
 August 28, ivii. • • • • . 
 
 XXVIII. Conclusion 
 
 . 141 
 . 153 
 . 162 
 . 172 
 . 187 
 . 193 
 . 205 
 . 216 
 . 224 
 . 238 
 . 250 
 . 268 
 . 267 
 . 284 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Sir William Phips Attacking Qukbec . . , Frontispiece 
 
 King William III ^ 
 
 Queen Mary ^ 
 
 Cotton Mather g 
 
 Sir Edmund Andros j2 
 
 Fort and Approaches, Pemaquid, Me gg 
 
 Colonel Benjamin Church on 
 
 Plan op Falmouth Neck, Portland 40 
 
 Samuel Sewall *» 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor Stougoton 49 
 
 Canadian Snowshoe Ranger 417 
 
 Wentworth Garrison, Salmon Falls, N. H, ... 49 
 
 Phips Raising the Sunken Treasure 5^ 
 
 Sketch Map, Approaches to Quebec 59 
 
 Quebec, prom an Old Print gi 
 
 Site op Storer Garrison, Wells, Mb 71 
 
 JuNKiNs Garrison, York, Me 75 
 
 John Nelson . . . . , gg 
 
 The Bastile, in the Time op Louis XIV 91 
 
 Woodman Garrison, Durham, N. H 97 
 
 Ruins of Woodman Garrison joj 
 
 Indian Head Brbakem tniy 
 
 
Zll 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 In the Bay of Fundy 
 
 Ddstan Monument. Boscawen, N. H. 
 
 Hannah Dustan Slays hek Captors : 
 
 DusTAN Tankard 
 
 Dog Mail-carrier 
 
 SCAMMAN'S JUO ... 
 
 BRAD8TREET HoUSE, NORTH AnDOVER, MasS. 
 
 QoBEN Anne 
 
 T 
 
 Louis xrv. . 
 
 " * * • • 
 
 Governor Simon Bradstreet 
 Thk Earl op Bellomont . 
 Governor Joseph Dudley 
 
 ANCIENT FKRRY-VyAY, KennEBUNK RiveR, Me. 
 
 Scene op Harding's Exploit 
 Ancient Seat op the PiGWACKErrs', Fryeburg. Me 
 Door op Sheldon House, with Marks op Axes 
 Ensign Sheldon's House, Deerpield, Mass. 
 
 Glimpse op Lake Winnipesaukee . 
 
 Church's Sword 
 
 Ancient Chart op Penobscot Bay 
 
 Entrance to Mount Desert Harbor 
 
 At Mount Desert Island 
 
 • • • 
 
 Ruins op Church's House 
 
 Ancient Garrison, Dracut, Mass . 
 
 colonel FRANCIS Wainwright's House.' Ipswich,' Mass 
 
 Plan op Poj^t Royal, Nova Scotia 
 
 SITE OP Wainwrioht Garrison, Haverhill' Mass 
 
 Pbaslee Garrison, Haverhill, Mass. 
 
 PMia 
 . 110 
 
 . 121 
 
 .125 
 
 . 137 
 
 . 132 
 
 . 133 
 
 . 135 
 
 . 142 
 
 . 145 
 
 . 146 
 
 . 147 
 
 . 149 
 
 ■ 165 
 
 . 157 
 
 . 163 
 
 . 179 
 
 . 181 
 
 . 188 
 
 . 193 
 
 . 195 
 
 . 197 
 
 . 198 
 
 . 203 
 
 . 217 
 
 . 227 
 
 . 281 
 
 . 242 
 
 . 246 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS jjij 
 
 FAOH 
 
 Tee Ybb Nebn Ho Ga Ron, Emperor op the Six Nations. 362 
 Sa Ga Yeath Qua Pieth Ton, King ob the Maguas . . 268 
 EcoN Oh Koan, King of the River Nation . 264 
 
 Ho Neb Yeath Tan No Ron 265 
 
 Map, Place op the Wreck gi^g 
 
 Schuyler and the Indian Scoutb 280 
 
 A Wampum Peace Bblt 291 
 
 Treaty Symbols 298 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 A MONOGRAPH on the subject of the Indian wars 
 during the reigns of King WiUiam III. and Queen Anne 
 was a favorite project 
 with my father, Samuel 
 G. Drake, for which he 
 • gathered a mass of ma- 
 terials in manuscript, but 
 did not live to see real- 
 ized. With the aid of 
 these, and other contem- 
 porary accounts, the 
 present volume has been 
 written. 
 
 Although told more or 
 less fully in all the gen- 
 eral histories, the story 
 is nowhere connectedly 
 told, but is broken off 
 whenever other features 
 of the general subject demand a hearing. This method 
 not only breaks the thread, but also the force of the 
 story, which is much more satisfactorily followed in a 
 compact form. 
 
 A twenty years' war, practically continuous, would 
 certainly constitute a critical period in the history of 
 any people, but to one only just beginning to take firm 
 
 KING WILUAX m. 
 
2 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 into the wilderness, it was reaUy a question of life or 
 death. It was the strategy of the enraged enemy to lop 
 off tl^ese b h^s and thus prevent the growth erf, if no^ 
 finally kill, the tree itself. ' 
 
 At the breaking out of these wars, the New England 
 frontier practically extended from the Hudson to the 
 Penobscot, or from Albany to Pemaquid ; and while thi 
 nvers flowing southward to the sea, through the E.g. 
 ish settlements were always so many avenues of danger 
 o be watched, this whole extent of countiy was open to 
 an enemy who needed nothing but the sun, moon, or 
 stars to guide him. To guard this long frontier ;as 
 impossible. To block up the mouths of fhe rive's wTth 
 forts, isolated from all support, was equally idle, as was 
 proved by the utter failure of every such attempt. Here- 
 in lay the weakness of the English. They were com- 
 pelled to receive the enemy at their own doors, and that 
 disadvantage they labored under from first to last 
 
 As the English inhabited open viUages, only one 
 practicable plan of defence suggested itself. This was 
 to make certain houses, better adapted or more favor- 
 ably situated for the purpose than others, so many raid- 
 ing points for all the rest, thus turning mere dwelling 
 into what were called garrisons. Exquisitely homely as 
 these ancient structures seem to-day, nothing could more 
 forcibly press home the startling fact that in them the 
 sole dependence of a settlement often lay, or in what a 
 decisive sense every man's house was his castle. Keal- 
 izmg the uncertain tenure of these historic buildings 
 threatened as they are on every hand, I have reproduced 
 as many of them as possible in these pages, believing 
 too that, like the famous standard of Joan of Arc, as they 
 
INTRODUCTION g 
 
 had been through the ordeal, so with good reason they 
 should share in the honor. 
 
 The earliest Indian names, as preserved by old writers, 
 like Champlain, Lescarbot, and others, may with pro- 
 priety be dispensed with, as having been given without 
 adequate knowledge in the first place, and dropped as 
 soon as a more thorough knowledge of the subject was 
 obtained. For the sake of convenience, the English fell 
 into the custom of calling the various tribes by the 
 names of the rivers they lived upon, as the Kennebec, 
 Penobscot, and St. John Indians, etc., but the French,' 
 with more accuracy, designated the three principal 
 Abenaki Nations as Canibas, Malicites, and Micmacs, 
 each speaking a different dialect. According to this 
 classification, the Canibas occupied the Kennebec and 
 its tributaries, the MaUcites aU between the Penobscot 
 and St. John, the Micmacs, generally speaking, all now 
 comprised in the provinces of Neva Scotia and New 
 Bru-iswick. Besides these, the once numerous Sokokis 
 of the river Saco, dwindled to a handful, had mostly 
 joined other tribes, and the Pennacooks, of the Mer- 
 nmac, were no longer either very numerous or united 
 though still sufficiently formidable to be troublesome 
 neighbors. Their villages were to be found in the 
 neighborhood of the Amoskeag Falls, now Manchester, 
 and at various points above, while the peaceful section, 
 or Praying Indians, as they were called, lived at Paw- 
 tucket Falls, now Lowell, on a tract of land reserved to 
 their use by the efforts of the Apostle Eliot in 1653 
 Although these people were friendly to the whites, there 
 was much the same sort of intimacy between them and 
 their pagan relations as between the seceding Mohawks 
 and their friends, a fact sure to east more or less sus- 
 
^li il 
 
 hi 
 
 4 THE BOIIDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 picion upon their fidelity in time of war. In the Con- 
 necticut Valley the Indians had been, for the most part, 
 
 dispersed during Phil- 
 ip's War, the fragments 
 going to other and 
 safer localities. The 
 upper valley of this riv- 
 er seems to have been 
 reserved as a hunting 
 ground, or as a debata- 
 ble ground, roamed 
 over by different and 
 hostile tribes from time 
 to time. 
 
 Back of all these, in 
 the heart of the White 
 Mountains, lay what 
 was, perhaps, the old- 
 . . , . est village of the Soko- 
 
 kis, near what is now Fryeburg, Me. This village was 
 Pigv/acket, or Pequawket, long a thorn in the side of 
 the English from its almost inaccessible position which 
 made it practically secure from attack, while the waters 
 flowing out of the mountains here led directly to the 
 Mame coast on one side, or to the New Hampshire coast 
 on the other. 
 
 For war purposes the rivers were connected by cross- 
 paths, easily traversed by the runners who carried the 
 war token from village to village. 
 
 And what of the Indian himself ? What shall be said 
 of him ? Undoubtedly there is much to admire, more to 
 arouse our pity. We cannot but feel that he was the in- 
 nocent victim of a cruel destiny. We know that he was un- 
 
 QCEKN HART. 
 
In the Con- 
 the most part, 
 1 during Phil- 
 the fragments 
 > other and 
 icalities. The 
 lleyofthisriv- 
 to have been 
 as a hmiting 
 T as a debata- 
 ind, roamed 
 different and 
 bes from time 
 
 f all these, in 
 of the White 
 s, lay what 
 aps, the old- 
 of the Soko- 
 is village was 
 I the side of 
 sition, which 
 le the waters 
 •ectly to the 
 apshire coast 
 
 ;ed by cross- 
 carried the 
 
 INTRODUCTION 5 
 
 justly dealt with. Wo admit that he fought for his rights 
 as he know thera, and in treating of the question, from 
 a moral stand-point, we are invariably driven to take the 
 defensive. All we know is that the white man was the 
 willing instrument, perhaps the appointed instrument, 
 of the red man's extinction. If the decrees of an inex- 
 orable destiny are to be deplored, the world has been 
 going wrong ever since the Creation. History is full of 
 just such examples. 
 
 But at the moment when we are ready to admire the 
 red man's noble traits, his ferocious cruelty, that rage of 
 blood which delights in rending and tearing its help- 
 less victims, disenchants us. We note how he measured 
 success in war by the amount of havoc and misery he 
 was able to inflict, and turn away from him in horror 
 and disgust. With the tormented English borderers, 
 self-preservation was the higher law. The final appeal 
 must therefore be to a Higher Court than ours. 
 
 shall be said 
 lire, more to 
 B was the in- 
 %t he was un- 
 
KING WILLIAM'S WAR 
 
^(W 
 
 I !! 
 
HOSTILITIES BEGIN 
 
 1688-1689 
 
 rpHE renewal of hostilities with the Abenakis, after ten 
 ^ years of peace, was distinctly the result of English 
 aggressions. At the bottom lay the one irritating cause 
 of all the Indian wars from that day to this, never to be 
 removed except by the final subjugation of p,^ ^„^ „, 
 one or the other race. By the rapid growth war. 
 
 and steady extension of English settlements, peace was 
 working the downfall of the natives even more certainly 
 than war, for just as 
 the wild gi'asses are 
 eradicated by the cul- 
 tivated sorts, so slow- 
 ly but surely, step by 
 
 step, the red man was 
 
 being thrust back into 
 
 the wilderness. Un- 
 der such conditions 
 
 little provocation was 
 
 needed to fan the 
 
 smouldering embers 
 
 into a flame ; and the 
 
 whole series of outbreaks, in their primary cause, may 
 
 therefore be regarded as one. 
 The Ten Years* War, or Lamentable Decade, as Cotton 
 
 OOTTOK MATHER. 
 
fiir 
 
 . ,il 
 
 I liji 
 
 
 10 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1688-1689 
 
 Mather tearfully terms it, is commonly known as King 
 William's War, although it began some time before 
 William ascended the throne. But the momentous 
 events, arising from the revolution in England, merged 
 what was at first merely a local struggle into the larger 
 proportions of a national conflict, as France and England 
 soon went to war about the succession to the throne ; 
 and, v/illing or unwilling, the colonies found themselves 
 drawn into it. 
 
 For New England no time could have been worse 
 chosen for an outbreak. It came just after the people 
 were arbitrarily deprived of self-government, and put un- 
 der the rule of a royal governor, whom they soon heartily 
 detested. This was Sir Edmund Andros, a favorite of 
 James II. when Duke of York, and his governor of New 
 QovernorAn- York after its recovery from the Dutch 
 dro. unpoputar. ^j^h the mass of the people whom he was 
 now sent to govern Andros had nothing whatever in com- 
 mon. He was a thick-and-thin royalist, and they con- 
 sidered James 11. a despot. In his eyes they were little 
 better than rebels and traitors ; in theirs, he was the 
 ready tool of a tyrant. The people were therefore dis- 
 concerted, angry, and stubborn — by no means the best 
 frame of mind for facing a great public danger. 
 
 Andros was, however, ready enough to assert the rights 
 of his master, and the disputed Acadian boundary gave 
 him an opportunity not to be neglected. In the spring 
 of 1688 he sailed to various points of the Maine coast, 
 as far as St. Castin's trading-post, at Penobscot, still 
 Descent on knowQ by his name. Sir Edmund purposed 
 St. castin. holding the place permanently, but the 
 
 ruinous state of the old French fort there induced him 
 to change his mind. Before leaving-, how^vfir ha r^hm- 
 
lND [1688-1689 
 
 1688-1689] 
 
 HOSTILITIES BEGIN 
 
 11 
 
 dered St. Castin's house, respecting only the altar 
 and vessels of the Catholic mission. The baseness of 
 the act, so like to that of some roving buccaneer, 
 aroused the indignation of St. Castin's tribesmen, the 
 Penobscots, over whom he had unlimited control, and 
 they were now ready to dig up the hatchet whenever 
 he should give the signal. 
 
 Another, and even less justifiable, exploit soon fol- 
 lowed. This was the seizure of sixteen Indians at 
 Saco, by Benjamin Bla^kman, a justice of the peace, in 
 retaliation for the killing of some cattle at North 
 Yarmouth. It is said that Blackman purposed selling 
 these Indians into slavery. Be that as it may, the act 
 set all the tribes buzzing with excitement. Eeprisals 
 quickly followed. Immediately the Kennebec Indians 
 made a descent upon New Dartmouth (Newcastle), 
 taking Henry Smith, Edward Taylor, and ,„diiu» ^i J 
 their families, prisoners, and carrying atstco. 
 
 them off to Teconnet. Egeremet, the chief sagamore, 
 angrily told Smith that these things were done in retu-n 
 for the outrages committed at Penobscot and Saco ; 
 significantly adding that St. Castin had promised the 
 Indians all the powder and ball they might want to fieht 
 the English with.^ 
 
 At the same time a Jesuit missionary arrived from 
 Canada, bringing a present of powder and guns, and 
 furthermore announcing that two hundred Frenchmen 
 would shortly follow him.^ 
 
 With the passions of the Indians inflamed against 
 the English to a pitch of fury, it is not strange that 
 some of the prisoners suffered death at the hands of their 
 captors. And thus matters stood in the autumn of 1688. 
 
 " SuiTH^B Relation to the CommiBsioners of the United Colonies, September 14, 1689. 
 
II! ■ ■• 
 
 f 
 
 ^ 13 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1888-1689 
 
 I Fearing ttiat he would soon have an Indian war on 
 
 I |,j J^'s hands, Sir Edmund first tried diplomacy. He im- 
 
 mediately ordered all 
 the Indian prisoners 
 set at liberty, and 
 called upon the sav- 
 ages to do the same 
 by the English cap- 
 tives, and also to give 
 up the murderers of 
 any English without 
 delay. These demands 
 being treated with si- 
 lent contempt. Sir Ed- 
 mund found himself 
 obhged to use force 
 or confess defeat, with 
 the result that his in- 
 eflSciency proved as 
 deplorable in war as 
 in diplomacy. 
 Seven hunched men were hastily levied, and with An- 
 dros at their head, marched down through the eastern 
 country, in the beginning of November. They found 
 not one solitary Indian to fight, suffered incredible 
 Andro.'. futile hardships, and loudly complained of being 
 • thus led about the country through frost 
 
 reaUy did, m this worse than foolish expedition, was to 
 leave gamsons m the various frontier posts of M^ne. > 
 
 nebeo River which is called Port Ann k ' ^ ^ """^ """"^ something up Ken- 
 
 BIB XDHUND Am)B08. 
 
^ND [1688-1689 
 
 1688-1680] 
 
 HOSTILITIES BEGIN 
 
 13 
 
 Spring came, and with it news of the revolution in 
 England. The arrest and imprisonment of Sir Edmund, 
 at Boston, quickly followed. Being now without any 
 lawful government, Massachusetts reassumed her old 
 form, until such time as further orders could be re- 
 ceived from England, and as the public exigency now 
 
 demanded. Confusion in the administra- And«- h ^ 
 
 tion of military, as well as civil, affairs April. 1689. 
 necessarily accompanied these abrupt and bewildering 
 changes. The garrisons postod plong the Maine bor- 
 der took sides in the dispute. Many of the soldiers 
 deserted, some were drawn off, and the rest with diffi- 
 culty kept at their posts of duty. 
 
 Some effort was made by the new government to pre- 
 vent further hostilities with the Indians, but the storm 
 had been long brewing and was ready to burst at last ; 
 and when it did, all the old animosities were dragged 
 forth to add to its fury tenfold. 
 
 I 
 
n 
 
 THE SACK OF DOVER 
 
 June 27, 1689 
 
 Dover is one of the oldest settlements in New Hamp- 
 shire. By the year 1689 it had grown to be one of the 
 most flourishing. There were, in fact, two settlements, 
 a second having gro' • n up at the first falls of the Cocheco 
 
 cocheco Falls. •^^^®^' J"®* ^®' ^^ *^® courso of time, lum- 
 ber was found to be the true source of 
 wealth of the province. At these falls Bichard Wal- 
 dron had built a saw and grist mill. The forests stood 
 at his door. The river very obligingly turned his mill- 
 wheel. 
 
 It is needless to add that Bichard Waldron was the 
 great man of his village. More than this, he had held 
 Richard not a few important civil and military 
 
 Waldron. ^^g^gg ^^^^^ ^^^ province, and was at 
 
 this very moment a major of militia, then an office 
 nearly equivalent to that of a county lieutenant in Eng- 
 land, and in war-times one of high responsibility. Wal- 
 dron was now about seventy-five years old, hale, hearty, 
 and vigorous, and, unless report does him wrong, as 
 hard to move as the dam of his own mill. 
 
 Five block-houses guarded the settlement, for Dover 
 touched the very edge of the wilderness. Waldron's, 
 Otis's, and Heard's were on the north side of the river, 
 and Peter Coffin's and his son's on the south side. All 
 
1689] 
 
 THE SACK OP DOVER 
 
 16 
 
 New Hamp- 
 e one of the 
 settlements, 
 the Cocheco 
 I time, lum- 
 B source of 
 ichard Wal- 
 orests stood 
 led his mill- 
 ion was the 
 e had held 
 id military 
 ad was at 
 3n an oiBSce 
 ant in Eng- 
 ility. Wal- 
 ale, hearty, 
 1 wrong, as 
 
 , for Dover 
 Waldron's, 
 >f the river, 
 I side. All 
 
 were surrounded by walls built of timber, with gates 
 securely bolted and barred at night, at which time 
 those families whose homes were not thus oarrteon 
 
 protected came into the nearest garrison to houses. 
 
 sleep. In the morning, if all was safe, they went back 
 to their own houses again. 
 
 This was Dover. This was border life. Yet even its 
 dangers had their charm. It was the making of a ro- 
 bust race of men and women, whose nursery tales were 
 the tragedies of Indian warfare or captivity, and who, as 
 they grew up, became skilled in the use of arms, keen 
 m tracking the bear or the moose, and almost as capable 
 of withstanding hunger or hardship as the wild Ind^ns 
 themselves. 
 
 Though they did not know it, the people of Dover 
 were actually walking between life and death. They 
 had forgotten ; but an Indian never forgets or forgives 
 an injury until it is avenged. For years the memory of 
 Waldron s treachery had rankled deep. It is no pleas- 
 ant tale we have to tell, yet it is all true. 
 
 During the expiring struggles of Philip's War, some 
 thirteen years before, Waldron had made a peace with 
 the Pennacook, Ossipee, and Pigwacket tribes, by which 
 the calamities of that war were wholly kept from him and 
 his neighbors. It was a shrewd move thus to keep these 
 restive Indians quiet. In the treaty the Indians prom- 
 ised among other things, not to harbor any enemies of 
 the Enghsh, meamng Philip's men. The Indians shook 
 hands with Waldron upon it, and were allowed to come 
 and go as freely as they liked. 
 
 This promise, however, was not kept. On the con- 
 trary, It IS certain that many of Philip's followers fled to 
 the Pen. acooks for protection. Indian hospitality could 
 
III! 
 
 16 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1880 
 
 II y^i. 
 
 not refuse these fugitives an asylum, hunted as they 
 were by the unrelenting vengeance of their conquerors. 
 To give them up was indeed a hard condition, which it 
 is not surprising to find disregarded. In other respects 
 the tribes mentioned seemed to have lived up to their 
 treaty obligations. 
 
 But other tribes, living on the Androscoggin and Ken- 
 nebec Kivers, who had been parties to the same treaty, 
 were easily led to take up the hatchet again, and were 
 soon busy at their old work of killing and plundeiing 
 the defenceless settlers. Help being called for to put 
 down this fresh outbreak, two companies were presently 
 marched from Boston to their relief. 
 
 When these soldiers came to Dover they found some 
 hundreds of friendly Indians gathered there, as it would 
 seem, to trade with, or have a talk with, their father 
 w«idron'» and friend. Major Waldron. And though 
 
 treMhery. ij^^y ^^^^ armed, no good ground appears 
 
 for supposing that they harbored any hostile intent 
 whatever. 
 
 It was then and there that Major Waldron dealt them 
 the most terrible blow they had ever received— a blow 
 struck, as it were, behind the back. 
 
 The two captains. Sill and Hawthorne, haviui^ " -'- 
 to seize all Indians who had been out with 1 . l 
 wherever found, upon being told that many of these v 
 Indians were among those now present, would have 
 fallen upon them at once without more words. But 
 Waldron was more wary. A plan had arranged itself 
 in his mind, by which the whole body of Indians could 
 be taken without striking a blow. 
 
 He proposed to the Indians to celebrate the meeting 
 by having a sham fight, after the English fashion, to 
 
 »!li 
 
1689] 
 
 THE SACK OP DOVER 
 
 17 
 
 which thej readily consented. Meantime, he called up 
 Captain Frost's company from Kittery, and got his own 
 men under arms. These, with the two marching com- 
 panies, gave him all the force he needed to carry out his 
 deep-laid plan. 
 
 The next day the two bodies, English and Indians, 
 were drawn up for the sham battle, into which the un- 
 suspecting redskins entered with much spirit. Mean- 
 time, while going through with certain simple manoeu- 
 vres, the English were quietly surrounding them. Still 
 mistrusting iiothiug, the Indians opened the light by fir- 
 ing the first volley. When their guns were discharged, 
 the soldiers rushed in upon them, and seized and dis- 
 armed them without the loss of a man on either side. 
 In this manner upward of four hundred Indians were 
 taken like so many silly herring in a net. 
 
 They were then separated. Those known to be 
 friendly were allowed to go in peace, but all those sus- 
 pected of having aided Philip, numbering some two 
 hundred in all, were sent under guard to Boston as 
 prisoners, where seven or eight were hanged and the rest 
 sold out of the country as slaves. It is true that those 
 hanged were known to have been concerned in some of 
 the bloodiest massacres of the war. Those sold helped 
 to defray the expense of their capture. And all the 
 people said amen ! 
 
 So now, long years after, some of the same Indians 
 who had been thus entrapped by Waldron laid their 
 plans to be revenged. When it was found that the 
 Dover people had fallen into careless habits, kept no 
 watches, and would even let the Indians sleep in their 
 houses, these plans were ripe for execution. It is true 
 that some hints of intended mischief had been thrown 
 9 
 
18 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 rt680 
 
 IV- 
 
 1 1 I 
 
 i!|l 
 
 I 
 
 out in a vague sort of way, but the careless settlers hardly 
 listened to them. 
 
 When Waldron himself was spoken to about it, he 
 jocosely told the uneasy ones to go and plant their 
 pumpkins, and that he would tell them when the Ind- 
 ians would break out. 
 
 As the time fixed for the assault drew near, the two 
 chiefs, Kankamagus and Mesandowit, brought their fol- 
 lowers to within striking distance of the village.^ Indian 
 cunning was then set to work. On Thursday evening, 
 June 27, 1689, two squaws went to each of the five gar- 
 risons and asked leave to sleep there that night. It 
 being wet weather, they were readily admitted to all 
 except tho younger Coflin's, though the people at Wal- 
 dron's offered some objection, until the bluff but kind- 
 hearted old major himself quieted them by saying, 
 " Let the poor creatures lodge by the fire." They were 
 even shown how to unbar the doors, and let themselves 
 out, without troubling the people of the house. Coffin, 
 more prudent, or less hospitable than the rest, bluntly 
 refused them admittance. 
 
 Mesandowit himself went boldly to Waldron's, where 
 he was kindly received, all the more readily because 
 he announced that a good many Indians were coming 
 there to trade the next day. While the two were sitting 
 at supper, like old friends, the chief jestingly asked, 
 " Brother Waldron, what would you do if the strange 
 Indians should come ? " 
 
 " A hundred men stand ready when I lift my finger, 
 thus," was Waldron's lofty reply. 
 
 Not dreaming of the storm so ready to burst upon them, 
 
 ' It IB known that some of the assailants came all the way from the St. John River, 
 showing wide-spread preparation. 
 
1689] 
 
 THE SACK OP DOVER 
 
 19 
 
 rst upon them, 
 
 I the St. John River, 
 
 the inhabitants went to bed at the usual early hour. So 
 far as known, not even one solitary sentinel stood guard 
 over the doomed village. When all wuo still, the faith- 
 less squaws noiselessly arose, quietly unbarred the doors 
 of the four garrisons, and gave the signal agreed upon— 
 a low whistle. Instantly the waniors, who had been 
 lying in wait outside, rushed in. Boused from sleep by 
 the noise, Waldron barely had time to jump out of bed, 
 pull on his breeches, and snatch up his sword, before the 
 infuriated wretches, who were in search of him, came 
 crowding into the room, tomahawk in hand. But the 
 fiery old man was not to be taken without a struggle. 
 Half-dressed, with his gray head bare, Waldron yet laid 
 about him so lustily as not only to clear his own room 
 of assailants, but also to drive them before him into the 
 next. There was still a chance for his life, and he hast- 
 ened to improve it. His musket and pistols had been 
 left lying in his own room. Waldron therefore started 
 to secure them. Seizing the moment when his back was 
 turned, a savage sprang forward and brained the brave 
 old man with a blow of the hatchet from behind. 
 
 Grievously wounded, but still breathing, Waldron was 
 now dragged into the great room, a chair put upon a 
 long table, where he had often sat as judge, and his 
 half-lifeless body roughly lifted into it, wiUd«>ntort. 
 while his captors made ready to gratify ured to death. 
 their long-nursed vengeance with savage ingenuity and 
 more than savage barbarity. 
 
 "Who shaU judge Indians now?" they asked the dy- 
 ing man, with grim irony. 
 
 Not to cut short Waldron's sufferings, his tormentors 
 commanded other captives to get them some victuals. 
 When they had swallowed their hideous meal, with the 
 
20 THE BORDRR WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [168Q 
 
 worthy major still sitting there, stunned and bleeding 
 to death, in his chair, these miscreants first stripped 
 him of his shirt, and then took turns at slashing him 
 with their knives across the breast, each one crying out 
 as he did so, " See ! I cross out my account ! " They 
 then severed his fingers, one by one, at the joints, ask- 
 ing in mockery if his fist would weigh a pound now. * 
 
 By this time Wjildron was so far gone that strength 
 failed him. Seeing him about to fall, one of the Indians 
 held up the point of the major's own sword, so that as 
 the dying man pitched head-foremost upon the table, 
 the weapon passed quite through his lifeless body. 
 
 After killing or taking all who were in the house, the 
 savages first plundered it and then set it on fire. 
 
 Meantime, other parties, led by the chief Kankama- 
 gus, were similarly engaged at the other garrisons. 
 Heard's was saved by the barking of the house-dog, 
 just as the Indians were stealthily gliding in at the 
 gate. One of the inmates, with rare courage and pres- 
 He.rd'8g.rri. ence of mind, ran to the spot, thrust the 
 son Mved. intruders out, shut to the gate, and held it 
 
 so by throwing himself flat on his back, and bracing his 
 feet against the gate, until the rest of the people came 
 to his assistance. 
 
 The elder Coffin's house was taken and ransacked, 
 but the lives of the inmates were spared. Finding a 
 bag of money here, the Indians made Coffin scatter it 
 by handfuls over the floor, while they amused them- 
 selves by scrambling for it, like so many mischievous 
 boys. This was their way of making an impartial divis- 
 ion of the money. 
 
 > It waB said that Waldron was in thehabitof putting his fist into the scale as a 
 make-weight against their furs. 
 
11089] 
 
 THE SACK OP DOVER 
 
 21 
 
 into the scale asn 
 
 Youug Ct)ffin stoutly rofusod to siirrouder, uutil tlio 
 ImliauH brought out his old father, aud throatoued to 
 kill him before his son's eyes. He then gave himself 
 up. Both families were then put in a tleserted house 
 ! together, but not being closely watched, all made their 
 escape while the Indians were engaged in plundering 
 I the captured houses. 
 
 This was a sad day for Dover. Twenty-three persons 
 had lost their lives, and twenty-nine more were being 
 canied off, captives. Five or six houses, with the mills, 
 were burned to the ground, all being done so quickly 
 that the elated assailants were able to decamp without 
 meeting with the least opposition, loaded with booty 
 aud exulting in the manner in which they had " crossed 
 out their account " with Major Waldron. 
 
 It is but just to add that the conduct of the savages dur- 
 ing the sacking of Dover was not without some redeem- 
 ing features. While certain persons seem to have been 
 marked for unrelenting vengeance, others were spared, 
 and still others not even molested. But the main cir- 
 cumstance is this : A new departure took place in regard 
 to the treatment of prisoners. Instead of wearing out 
 a miserable existence among the Indians, as in times 
 I past, they were now mostly taken to Canada and sold 
 to the French, whose treatment was at least humane, 
 although it was only a change of masters, not of condi- 
 tion, for the prisoners were held to belong to those who 
 had bought them until ranson^ed by their friends. True, 
 such conduct is wholly without warrant among civilized 
 nations. But there was no appeal. The savages treated 
 I all prisoners as slaves, and disposed of them as such. 
 And it must be admitted that the course taken by the 
 English in selling their Indian captives into slavery 
 
 
liii ^'ii 
 
 !!! till 
 
 ! !lii 
 
 ! 
 
 22 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1689 
 
 fully justified this species of retaliation, by which the 
 English were, by far, the greatest losers. Be that as it 
 may, just as soon as a living captive had a money value 
 greater than a scalp, it became to the interest of the Ind- 
 ians to save, rather than slay, those who fell into their 
 hands. To this extent the policy is to be hailed as a 
 distinct melioration in the conduct of these barbarous 
 wars. 
 
 Sad to relate, the terrible calamity which befell the 
 people of Dover might have been averted by the timely 
 delivery of a letter. The design was disclosed to Major 
 Henchman, at Chelmsford, who immediately informed 
 the Massachusetts authorities of it. A letter containing 
 this intelligence, and written by their order, was de- 
 spatched to Major Waldron on the day before the mas- 
 sacre; but owing to some delay to the courier at New- 
 bury the warning reached Dover some hours too late. 
 Waldron in particular was notified that he was a special 
 object of vengeance. The feelings with which this let- 
 ter was opened and read by his son may be imagined.^ 
 
 > The letter is in Belknap's New Hampshire. I., Appendix. The friendly warning is 
 said to have come from Wanalanoet, sagamore of Pennaoook. 
 
 IHI 
 
 ill 
 
m 
 
 ^.:^ 
 
 Friendly warning is 
 
 THE CAPTIVITY OF SARAH GERRISH 
 
 Among the captives taken at the sacking of Dover 
 was Major Waldron's little granddaughter, Sarah Ger- 
 rish, a beautiful and interesting child, only seven years 
 old, who slept at her grandfather's garrison on that 
 fatal night. 
 
 Waked out of a sound sleep by the strange noises in 
 the house, Sarah sprang from her warm bed and ran, in 
 a fright, into another room, where one of her little play- 
 mates was sleeping. Child-like, the little simpleton 
 crept into bed with her still more helpless neighbor, for 
 mutual protection, pulling the bedclothes up over her 
 head, as if imagining that in this way she might escape 
 detection. With a beating heart she lay there listening 
 to the muffled noises made by the savages in searching 
 through the house. 
 
 Her hiding-place was, however, soon discovered, and 
 she was rudely commanded to get up and dress herself, 
 which she very obediently did, though the savages hur- 
 ried her out of doors before she had time to finish put- 
 ting on her stockings. With one foot bare she was 
 presently marched off with the rest of the captives into 
 the wilderness, after seeing her grandfather's house 
 plundered and burned before her eyes. 
 
 According to their usual custom, when once clear of 
 the village the different bands went their several ways. 
 
 
 
'iM 
 
 24 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1689 
 
 after dividing the prisoners and booty. Sarah appears 
 to have gone with a party of Eastern Indians, doubtless 
 belonging to some Maine tribe, to whose village she was 
 first taken, and in which she remained till winter. 
 
 Sarah's first master, one Sebundowit, a dull sort of 
 fellow, was harsh, but not cruel. He, however, soon 
 sold her to another Indian, who was both harsh and 
 cruel, who can-ied her away to Canada to be sold. 
 
 No tongue can tell the hardships which this child of 
 tender years had to undergo during that long and terri- 
 ble winter's march. Strong men have sunk down under 
 less than she endured, the petted darling of a once happy 
 home, now made desolate. But a Protecting Ai-m seems 
 to have sustained the little captive maiden when her feet 
 were ready to fail her, and her heart to break, under the 
 hardships of which she was the innocent object. 
 
 At one time her wretch of a master told her to go and 
 stand with her back against a particular tree, while he 
 began loading his gun before her eyes, with tantahziug 
 mdiflference. When the truth flashed upon the child's 
 mind, and she shrieked out in mortal terror at the thought 
 that her last hour was come, the hardened wretch, whose 
 ferocious instincts seemed now and then to get the better 
 of him, either relented or was satisfied with having at- 
 tainer^ his object in frightening her so cruelly. 
 
 At another time, as they were ascending a river, her 
 brute of a master ordered Sarah to run along the shore 
 with some Indian girls, while he paddled on in his canoe. 
 In this manner they had reached a spot where the bank 
 was both high and steep, when one of Sarah's impish 
 companions spitefuUy pushed the little white girl off 
 the bank and inl o ihe river, leaving her to sink or swim 
 as best she mighi Fortunately the bushes here hung 
 
1689] 
 
 THE CAPTIVITY OP SARAH GERRI8H 
 
 25 
 
 out over the water, so that when Sarah rose to the sur- 
 face she was able to lay hold of them and draw herself 
 out of the water by their aid. Otherwise she must cer- 
 tainly have been drowned then and there. As it was, 
 she rejoined her wolfish companions, wet to the skin, 
 and frightened almost to death at her narrow escape. 
 Yet when asked how she became so wet she dared not 
 tell, for fear of meeting with still worse treatment from 
 the Indian boys and girls, who were always very abusive 
 to her. 
 
 Once again, having fallen into a deep sleep at the end 
 of a long and hard day's travel, Sarah did not wake when 
 the party was ready to move off in the morning, so she 
 was left asleep, half covered up with fresh-fallen snow, 
 like another babe in the woods, without a morsel of food 
 to eat or any guide by which to know what direction her 
 heartless companions had taken. Upon waking to find 
 herself left alone in that frightful wilderness, the poor 
 little captive may well have given herself up for lost, for, 
 strange to say, she seems to have been even more afraid 
 of the bears and wolves of the forests than of her inhu- 
 man captors. Terror sharpened her wits. Snow had 
 fallen before the party set out, by which their tracks 
 could be followed. Guided by these footprints in the 
 snow, Sarah ran crying after them, until, after a long 
 and weary chase, her tormentors let her come up with 
 them again. 
 
 Yet one more ordeal was contrived, with devilish in- 
 genuity, to play upon poor little Sarah's fears. One 
 evening the savages heaped together a great pile of dry 
 brushwood, to which they set fire, and when it was in a 
 light blaze Sarah's master called her to him, and told her 
 that she must now be burned alive in the fire. For the 
 
 ( 
 
26 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1689 
 
 jliiiijl liili 
 
 ii u 
 
 moment the child was struck dumb. Then she burst 
 into tears. Turning to the inhuman monster who claimed 
 her, she flung her arms around his neck and besought 
 him so piteously to spare her life that the hardened cut- 
 throat so far relented as to agree not to bum her alive 
 if she would promise to be a good girl. 
 
 After escaping death by fire and water, Sarah reached 
 Canada at last, where her sad story, no less than her 
 bright face and winning ways, could not fail of exciting 
 compassion. Indeed, it must have been a heart of stone 
 not to have melted toward the friendless one. Her greedy 
 master first took her to the Lord Intendant's, where 
 much notice was taken of her by persons of quality. In 
 the course of a week Sarah was bought by the Intend- 
 ant's lady, who placed the child in a convent, where she 
 was once more, safe in the hands of Christians. Here 
 she remained nntil the fleet of Sir William Phips came 
 before Quebec, the next year, when through his means 
 Sarah was exchanged, and returned to her friends again, 
 after a captivity lasting sixteen months, into which years 
 of suffering had been crowded.^ 
 
 » Belknap telle the story briefly iu a note, Hiatory of New Hampshire, I., SJ58. 
 Phips had taken some French prisouera while on hia way to besiege Quebec. 
 
IV 
 
 J- 'V 
 
 PEMAQUID TAKEN; WITH THE RELATION OF JOHN 
 
 GYLES 
 
 August, 1689 
 
 It was now St. Castin's turn to be revenged. True, 
 an attempt had been made by the new rulers to pacify 
 him with fair words, but all to no purpose, i^ more im- 
 placable foe never devastated the border ; and though he 
 dealt much with the English, by way of trade, being in 
 no way averse to English gold, no hand was ever more 
 ready to strike them than his. He had the twin pas- 
 sions of a true Bernais — love of war and st. castin 
 love of money. His is a strange, event- "* Penobscot, 
 ful history. Reared a gentleman, and by profession a sol- 
 dier, upon the disbanding of his regiment he had taken 
 up the vagabond life of an Indian trader with as much 
 facility as if he had never known any other ; had taken 
 a chief's daughter to wife ; and had thus, to all intents, 
 cast his fortunes for weal or woe among the filthy den- 
 izens of the forest. And the erratic Baron La Hontan, 
 soldier, traveller, and author of the most amusing memoirs 
 in the world, roundly asserts that St. Castin was so much 
 respected by his savage clansmen that they looked up to 
 him as their tutelar deity. If report was true, he had 
 amassed a fortune of two or three hundred thousand 
 crowns in " good, dry gold " among them. No wonder, 
 then, that he stood ready to draw his sword in their be- 
 nan. 
 
 m-i' 
 
 b 
 
 
^;i! 
 
 i|f !! 
 
 m 
 
 I n 
 
 28 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1689 
 
 Accoi-tliiigly, there was much bustle of preparation at 
 St. Castiu's fort for the descent he meditated. This had 
 for its object no less a place than the fort and settlement 
 at Pemaquid, farthest outpost of the English dominions, 
 in this direction, as Penobscot was of French power in 
 Pemaquid and the other. The distance between them 
 Penoi«cot. ^as Considerable, yet St. Castin's hatred 
 
 would not have coolev; ^ven if the distance had been ten 
 times greater. 
 
 When all was * ..dy the war-party put off in their 
 canoes. St. Castin and Father Thury, of the Indian 
 mission, with the Abenaki chief Moxus, were the lead- 
 ers. The scheme was a bold one, it must be confessed ; 
 Moxus and SO bold, indeed, that there is little doubt 
 
 ather Thury. ^^ ^j^^ invaders being well informed of the 
 true state of the fort and garrison. Spies were sent 
 ahead to New Harbor, an out-village of Pemaquid, to 
 learn how the inhabitants disposed themselves in the 
 daytime, and how best to strike them unawares. 
 
 The blow fell on one August afternoon in 1689. St. 
 Castin's war-party gained the rocky shore undiscovered. 
 They soon laid hands upon a white man, who disclosed 
 the defenceless condition of the place. It was in har- 
 vest time, when the unsuspecting settlers were busy, 
 either in the fields or about the shores. The main vil- 
 lage, in which only the women and children were left, 
 lay about a quarter of a mile from the fort. The farms, 
 where most of the men were at work, were three miles 
 higher up, at the Falls. 
 
 The assailants quickly arranged their plan of attack. 
 One band threw itself between the fort and the village ; 
 the other between the village and farms. Then the 
 work of slaughter began. As the men at the farms ran 
 
1680] 
 
 PEMAQUID TAKEN 
 
 29 
 
 for the fort, they found themselves cut off by the band 
 below. In like manner, those in the village, who started 
 for the fort, were mostly intercepted before reaching it. 
 
 PORT AND APPB0ACBE3, PEMAQUID, ME. 
 
 The few who did so owed their saf ocy to fleetness of 
 foot. 
 
 The assailants next turned their attention to the fort. 
 A ertain number threw themselves into some houses, 
 standing along the street leading to it, from which they 
 
 
30 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 
 fired on every one who showed himself. The high rock, 
 as conspicuous an object to-day as it was then, also 
 served to shelter more of them, who were thus advanced 
 so near the walls as to be able to drive the gunners from 
 their posts. 
 
 Weems, the commander of the fort, held out imtil the 
 next day, when having but fourteen out of thirty men 
 left unhui't, besides being wounded himself, he gave up 
 the place on condition that the garrison should be al- 
 Thefortsur. lowed to depart unmolested. For.t and 
 renders. village were then given to the flames, 
 
 after which the Indians took to their canoes, with their 
 captives and booty, greatly elated at their conquest of 
 this stronghold of the English. 
 
 The following relation, set forth by one of the cap- 
 tives, describes in a graphic manner the onset at the 
 Falls : 
 
 " On the 2d of August, 1689, in the morning, my hon- 
 ored father, Thomas Gyles, Esq., went with some labor- 
 ers, my two older brothers and myself to one of his 
 farms, which lay upon the river, about three miles above 
 Fort Charles, at Pemaquid Falls, and we labored there 
 securely till noon. After we hod dined, our people 
 went to their labor, some in one field of English hay, 
 some to another of English corn. My father, the 
 youngest of my two brothers and myself tarried near 
 the farm-house in which we had dined till about one of 
 the clock, at which time we heard the report of several 
 gi-eat gims at the fort. My father said he hoped it was 
 a signal of good news, and that the great council had 
 sent back the soldiers to cover the inhabitants (for on 
 report of the revolution they had deserted). 
 
 " But to our great surprise, about thirty or forty Ind- 
 
PBMAQUID TAKEN 
 
 31 
 
 ians at that moment discharged a volley of shot at us 
 from behind a rising ground near our barn. The yelling 
 of the Indians, the whistling of their shot, and tho voice 
 of my father, whom I heard cry out, ' What now ! what 
 now ! ' so terrified me (though he seemed to be handling 
 a gun) that I endeavored to make my escape. My 
 brother ran one way, and I another, and on looking over 
 my shoulder I saw a stout fellow, all painted, pursuing 
 me, with a gun in one hand and a cutlass glittering in the 
 other, which I expected in my brains every moment. 
 
 " I soon fell down, and the Indian seized me by the 
 left hand. He offered me no abuse, but tied my arms, 
 then lifted me up and pointed to the place where the 
 people were at work about the hay, and led me that 
 way. As we went, we crossed the spot where my father 
 was, who looked very pale and bloody, and walked very 
 slowly. 
 
 " When we came to the place, I saw two men shot 
 down on the flats, and one or two more knocked on the 
 head with hatchets, while crying out, *0, Lord! O, 
 Lord ! ' etc. There the Indians brought two more cap- 
 tives, one a man, and the other my brother James, who, 
 with me, had tried to escape by running from the house 
 when we were first attacked. This brother was about 
 fourteen years of age. My oldest brother, Thomas, won- 
 derfully escaped by land to the Barbican, a point of land 
 opposite the fort, where several fishing vessels lay. He 
 got on board of one of them and sailed away that night. 
 
 " After doing what mischief they could, the Indians sat 
 down, and made us sit with thera. After some time we 
 arose, and the Indians pointed for us to go eastward. We 
 marched about a quarter of a mile and then made a halt. 
 Here they brought my father to us. They made propo- 
 
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 11 
 
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83 
 
 THE BORDEU WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1689 
 
 sals to him by old Moxus, who told him that those were 
 strange Indians who shot him, and that he was sorry 
 
 Moxu. It .orry. ^^\ ^^' ^^ ^^^^^^ replied that he was a 
 dying man, and warned no favor but to 
 pray with his children. This being granted, he com- 
 mended us to the protection and blessing of God Al- 
 mighty ; then gave us his best advice and took his leave 
 of us for this life, hoping that we should meet in a better. 
 ♦* He parted from us with a cheerful voice, but looked 
 very pale, by reason of his great loss of blood, which 
 now gushed out of his shoes. The Indians then led 
 him aside. I heard the blows of the hatchet, but neither 
 shriek nor groan. 
 
 "The Indians led us, on the east side of the river, 
 toward the fort, and when we came within a mile and a 
 half of the fort and town, we saw fire and smoke rising 
 on all sides. Here we made a short stop, and then 
 moved on to within three-quarters of a mile from the 
 fort, into a thick sv/amp. There I saw my mother and 
 my two little sisters, and many other captives taken from 
 the town . My mother asked me about my father. I told 
 her he was killed, but could say no more for grief. She 
 burst into tears, and the Indians moved me a little far- 
 ther oflf, and seized * me with cords to a tree. 
 
 "After the Indians had laid Pemaquid waste they 
 moved up to New Harbor, about two miles farther east. 
 Embark at At this place there were, before the war, 
 
 NewHarfior. abput twelve houses. These were deserted 
 as soon as the rumor of war reached the place. When we 
 turned our backs on the town my heart was ready to braak. 
 We tarried that night at New Harbor, and the next day 
 went away in the Indians' canoes for Penobscot. 
 
 > A ssATABiMa expression for tied him up. 
 
1689] 
 
 PEMAQUID TAKEN 
 
 33 
 
 " A few days after we arrived at Penobscot fort/ where 
 I again saw my mother, my brother and sisters, and 
 many other captives. I think we tarried here eight 
 days. In that time the Jesuit of the place had a 
 great mind to buy me. My Indian master made a visit 
 to the Jesuit, and took me with him. Antipathy to 
 I saw the Jesuit show my master pieces Je«uit». 
 
 of gold, and understood afterward that he was tender- 
 ing them for my ransom. He gave me a biscuit, which 
 I put in my pocket, and not daring to eat it, I buried it 
 under a log, fearing he had put something in it to make 
 me love him. When my mother heard the talk of my 
 being sold to a Jesuit, she said to me, * Oh, my dear 
 child, if it were God's will, I had rather follow you to 
 your grave, or nevermore pee you in this world, than 
 that you should be sold to a Jesuit ; for a Jesuit will 
 ruin you body and soul.' 
 
 "II pleased God to grant her request, for she never 
 saw me more. Yet she and my two little sisters were, 
 after several years' captivity, redeemed ; but she died 
 ere I returned. My brother, who was taken with me, 
 was, after several years' cnptivity, most barbarously tort- 
 ured to death by the Indians. 
 
 "My Indian master carried me up Penobscot River to 
 Madawamkee,2 which stands on a point of land between 
 thv<^ main river and a branch which heads to the east of 
 it. At home I had ever seen strangers treated with the 
 utmost civility, and I expected like treatment here ; but 
 I soon found out my mistake ; for I pres- 
 ently saw a number of squaws, who had *^"'^"""«**- 
 got together in a circle, dancing and yelling. An old 
 grim-looking hag took me by the hand, and leading me 
 
 J Now Castine, Me. 
 
 3 
 
 a MATTAWAMaKAo is probably meant. 
 
 r 
 
 ^ iHi ' 
 
 f 
 
 4 
 
 if 
 
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 if 
 
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34 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1689 
 
 P ii 
 
 .iMMill. 
 
 , mi 
 
 At Medocktec. 
 
 into the ring, some seized mo by the hair, and others by 
 the bauds and feet, like so many furies ; but my master 
 presently laying down a pledge, they released me.' 
 
 " The next day we went up that oastera branch of Pe- 
 nobscot River many leagues ; carried overland to a large 
 pond, and from one pond to another, till, in a few days 
 more, we went down a river called Medocktec, which 
 emT)ties into St. John River. But before we came to 
 the mouth of this idver, we passed over a 
 long caiTying-placo to Medocktec fort,^ 
 which stands on a bank of St. John River. My mas- 
 ter went before, and left me with an old Indian and two 
 or three squaws. The old man often said (which was 
 all the English he couhl speak), * By and by come to a 
 great town and fort.' I now comforted myself in think- 
 ing how finely I should be refreshed when I came to 
 this great town. 
 
 " After some miles' travel we came in sight of a large 
 cornfield, and soon after of the fort, to my great sur- 
 prise. Two or three squaws met us, took off ray pack, 
 and led me to a large hut or wigwam, where thirty or 
 forty Indians were dancing and yelling round five or six 
 poor captives, who had been taken some months before 
 from Quochecho,^ at the time Major Waldron was so 
 barbarously butchered by them. 
 
 " After some weeks had passed, we left this village and 
 went up the St. John River about ten miles, to a branch 
 called Medockcenecasis, where there was one wigwam. 
 At our arrival an old squaw saluted me with a yell, tak- 
 
 » The owner of a captire might ransom him from torture in thin way, if po inclined. 
 Otherwise the custom was to first hand him over to the squaws, and afterward to the 
 warriors. 
 
 « Medoctko, a Malicite village on the St. John River. 
 
 » CocHECo, the Indian name of Dover, N. H. The complicity of these Indians in that 
 affair is thus proven. 
 
 I 
 
1089J 
 
 PEMAQUID TAKEN 
 
 85 
 
 mg me by the hair and one hand, but I was so rude as 
 to break her hold and free myself. She gave me a filthy 
 grin, and the Indians set up a laugh, and so it passed 
 ovei- Here we lived upon fish, wild grapes, roots, <fec., 
 which was hard living to me. 
 
 " When the winter came on we went up the river till 
 the ice came down, running thick in the river, when ac- 
 cording to the Indian custom, we laid up our canoes till 
 spring. Then we travelled sometimes on the ice and 
 sometimes on the land, till we came to a river that 
 was open, but not fordable, where we made a raft and 
 passed over, bag and baggage. I met with no abuse 
 rom them in this winter's hunting, though put to great 
 hardships m carrying burdens, and for want of food 
 But they endured the same difficulty, and would often 
 encourage me by saying in broken English, 'By and bv 
 great deal moose.'"! "^ 
 
 nine years a captive. Gvles Buhspnn«nn« kL "J'hwick, tnus having been almort 
 
 knowledge of the Ind an tonZ Xd 2^^^^^^^ " ';?'•""'" "''''' *" ™-»» --«*. »»« 
 The Afemoir fron. vhich thTah fve "t- ? T"^''^'^' '^'"''"« *>"" '" «^ '^<^^- 
 
 first printed at Bost^^in n^'iraTopv whi J ,",' "T' ^"^o-'^-ent 'orn,. was 
 Boston Public Library, there iVa note in Dr b1 '" T ^^ """■ ^•""""'' "°^ '" ^''^ 
 theauthorship to Jo^^h Seccombe Sapla^n to thetr^"'' ".V"' "'■"""• """'''""^ 
 miuister of Kingston. N. H. Iu7L wretlh«'i "^ ^ T "' ^'' ^"°'*^"«' ""^''^^d 
 •s , ^.a. " 18 a wretched piece of work, whoever wrote it. 
 
 I; 
 
 It 
 
i ! 
 
 m 
 
 liii 
 
 CHURCH'S FIRST EXPEDITION 
 
 September, 1689 
 
 After the fall of Pemaquid all the English settlements 
 east of Casco, or Falmouth, were hurriedly abandoned, 
 and this place now became the rallying point for the 
 fugitives, who were still laboring under the evil effects 
 of the panic, into which the enemy's successes had 
 thrown them. 
 
 Aroused by the pressing nature of the emergency, the 
 Massachusetts authorities, responding to the cries for 
 help coming from all quarters at once, promptly called 
 out six hundred men, who took up their line of march 
 Swaine»g march, irom the rendezvous, at Berwick, on Au- 
 Augu.ta8th. gust 28, 1689, to clear the border of ene- 
 mies, strengthen the weak garrisons, and restore the 
 failing courage of the inhabitants as they went. Major 
 Jeremiah Swaine,^ a good officer, was in command of 
 this small army. 
 
 This was not done a moment too soon, as the daring 
 enemy were now hovering about every settlement on the 
 Blue Point and coast, from Berwick to Falmouth, killing, 
 Falmouth re- Scalping, and burning on every side, until 
 Swaine's advance drove them back into 
 the woods. At Blue Point,^ in Scarborough, there was 
 a smart skirmish, and when the troops reached Fal- 
 
 • SWAINE was of Reading, Mnss. 
 
 s-iNOE ca! \r)n , t x\t, Bwains nrgcd holdiisg the fort at Saco Fails on aocount of 
 
 the saw and grist mill there. Letter of September 34, 1689. 
 
1689] 
 
 CHURCH'S FIRST EXPEDITION 
 
 37 
 
 mouth they foiind that place as good as invested by 
 the enemy, who made a sharp fight, in which ten soldiers 
 were killed, before being driven off the ground. 
 
 Having done the work assigned him in this direction, 
 and put new life mto the desponding settlers, Swaine 
 
 COLONEL BENJAMIN CHURCH. 
 
 marched back to Berwick the way he came. His march, 
 back and forth, disclosed the weakness of the whole 
 system of defence; for Swaine had no Durham 
 
 sooner uncovered the towns in his rear, attacked. 
 
 after taking with him every available iiiars that could be 
 spared, than the Indians swooped down upon Durham, 
 
 I! 
 
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iSi. 
 
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 38 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1689 
 
 N.H.,* killing eighteen men, murdering three or four 
 children, and carrying off several per, .ns into captivity.^ 
 Swaine immediately despatched a strong scouting 
 party toward Lake Winnipesaukee to hunt the assassins 
 down, but, as usual, no Indians could be found, and the 
 party returned empty-handed. These operations ter- 
 minated Swaine's share in this campaign. 
 
 While putting forth these efforts to hold what was left 
 of Maine, Massachusetts called the United Colonies ^ to 
 her aid. A second expedition, acting in concert with 
 Swaine's, but designed to carry the war into the dev- 
 astated region, east of Falmouth, was raised chiefly in 
 Plymouth Colony, and put under the command of Major 
 Church, the tried veteran of Philip's War. A part of the 
 two hundred and fifty men enlisted for this service were 
 Church takes Seconnet and Cape Cod Indians, some of 
 rteflew. ^ijQjjj jjg^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^j^ Church before 
 
 They were true Indians. During their stay in Boston 
 they had even sold their powder-horns and bullet- 
 pouches to get money to squander for drink. Then the 
 ammunition furnished was not of proper size to fit the 
 bore of the guns. All this seems to have been unknown to 
 Church, until the moment when he was going into action." 
 
 I ?«'^*"^«'"«dOy8terRiverin the accounts of these wars. 
 
 work rtht2„l!f tr T "T ''' ""''''"^'^ ^*"'"" «^^'"^ •" *»-« ™- «° -t to 
 To „ de hiT c pe ihevt'" r.'!:^"" *'"" ""'^ *^« ''°""' ki>ll„gallbut one, 
 
 With so^: ToZz. Jh xr T:z:i:::z;j:;r^^^^^^^ ^^^"' 
 ^vera, of the.n. At .e„«th the I H'r ST.':::::: I ziTrxzzz 
 
 ^e chrl "* "r"'" """' '""^ ^"''•'*- »""^ P--'-d to Jr t^er 1 ve The 
 
 Ca ed ^n nr* 'r^"''''^ ""''^^'^'^ '""'^^ «' *°"'- °^ *»>« •^^'"'-n, one o whom las 
 
 he next L Zn v T'^ ''" "' ''' *'''"'«^'^ '"''*^-- «"-' *»>« boysesca^ 
 ine next day. -Belknap, Kew ITampsMre, I., 255, ed. 1792 
 
 for « 1'™ '' ^™'^"-**«' «^-»t''- New Haven, and Connecticut in 1643 
 
 yeitrwrhrLrorurizr^s"" ^"^'"^' '"^*"^'"- - ~ •- 
 
1689] 
 
 CHURCH'S FIRST EXPEDITION 
 
 39 
 
 Embarking at Boston, the expedition arrived at Fal- 
 mouth on Friday, September 20, 1689. Immediately 
 upon coming into the harbor Church found work ready 
 cut out for him. He was hailed from a vessel and told 
 that large numbers of Indians had been seen gathering 
 on one of the neighboring islands, as if getting ready to 
 make a descent. On board of a vessel lying at anchor. 
 Church found a Mrs. Lee,i a redeemed 
 captive, who said that she had counted mouth^teml 
 fifty canoes, and knew that more were ex- beraoth. 
 
 pected. To resist this formidable horde there were only 
 two companies of soldiers in the fort and garrisons, 
 besides the handful of inhabitants. Church had not 
 come a moment too soon. 
 
 As soon as it was dark, Church landed his men, fully 
 intending to go in search of these mai-auders at day- 
 break ; but they saved him the trouble by coming up 
 close to the neck, on which the village stood, some time 
 during the night ; so that the morning found them hold- 
 ing a position to cut off all retreat by land, whenever 
 they advanced to attack the village. 
 
 In fact, when the sun was about an hour high, firing 
 was heard in the direction of Anthony Brackett's farm- 
 house,2 situated over against the neck, on the westerly 
 side of a cove making in from the sea. Presently Brack- 
 ett's son came running into the village with the news 
 that the farm was swarming with strange Indians, who 
 had taken his father prisoner. His own escape was 
 owing to his fleetness of foot. 
 
 Though completely taken at a disadvantage, Church 
 acted with promptitude and vigor. First, sending off 
 
 » A MARRIED daughter of Major Waldron. taken at Dover, N. H. 
 * SiMOE the property of the Deerins family. 
 
 I ! 
 
 ^'! 
 
 i ' 
 
 1 I 
 
 1 ' 
 
 i 1 
 
 M 
 
 1 
 
 1 ' 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 ] 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
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 . 
 
 • 
 
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 i 
 
 
I :i ' 
 
 40 THE BOBDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND fi689 
 
 one company belonging to the garrison, he followed it 
 with one of his own, expecting to send in the rest as 
 soon as thej could be got ready. It being low tide, the 
 two advance companies crossed the cove, and were im- 
 
 2rj;Zii'*" ^®^^^^^y ^0% engaged in and about 
 ^ T^- Brackett's field and orchard, thus put- 
 ting the cove between them and their comrades. Instead 
 of coming promptly to their relief with his whole force 
 
 KiAN OF rALKODTH KBOK. POBTLAMD. 
 
 Church now made the startling discovery that the buUets 
 were too large for the guns, causing a long delay, while 
 the bullets were being hammered into slugs, and putting 
 the small detachment, then fighting against great odds, 
 Suluon *"*'"* ^^ <ianger of being cut to pieces before 
 help could reach them. When these lag- 
 gards did come up, they found themselves cut off from 
 their hard-pressed comrades by the rising tide. They 
 
1689] 
 
 CHURCH'S FIRST EXPEDITION 
 
 41 
 
 however, opened a random fire across the cove. Church 
 at length reached the spot. Seeing the danger his men 
 were in, he succeeded in getting across the cove with 
 his main body, higher up, and decided the combat by 
 coming down on the enemy's flank. They then fled in 
 confusion. 
 
 This fight, really forced upon Church before he 
 was ready, or acquainted with the ground, was credit- 
 able only to the small number, who bore the brunt of it 
 for several hours without flinching. It saved Casco, but 
 did not help Chui'ch's reputation. His loss was twenty- 
 one killed and wounded.^ As the enemy followed their 
 old custom of carrying off the dead and 
 wounded, no estimate of their loss was "«•»«•■«• 
 
 possible. It was enough that they confessed defeat 
 by making a precipitate retreat. That the battle was 
 unexpectedly thrust upon Church is true; but that 
 such an old campaigner as he should take the field so 
 wretchedly equipped is certainly surprising. 
 
 By those who first faced the foe, the battle was 
 gallantly, even desperately, fought. Among them, the 
 mhabitants came in for a full share of the credit for the 
 victory. There is a touch of humor in what Church 
 says m his despatches'' in regard to the fighting parson 
 of Falmouth. " As for the minister of this place," the 
 honest soldier declares, " I am well satisfied with him, 
 he i)eing present with us yesterday in the fight." 
 
 Having disposed of this body of enemies, who were 
 probably ignorant of his arrival when they began their 
 unsuccessful onset. Church now found himself at lib- 
 
 ^ '^ LIST Of these will be found in S. (i. Drake-s AOdUion, to Baylies's Neu, Plymouth, 
 « DATxn at Falmouth, September 23, 1889. 
 
 1 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 \l\ 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 
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 1 
 i 
 
 ; 
 
 
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 1 
 
 
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 1 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
42 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1689 
 
 erty to carry out his favorite idea of tracking the sav- 
 ages to their villages and strikiug them there. There 
 were two of these on the Androscoggin, and as many 
 more on the Kennebec, situated far enough inland not 
 to be easily assailable, yet near enough to the sea to be 
 dangerous neighbors. It was from these Indians that 
 the English had most to fear, and it was they, no doubt, 
 who had taken the lead in the recent assault. 
 
 Owing chiefly to the want of proper guides, nearly a 
 mouth passed before Church was ready to set forth on 
 this errand. Moving his force up to the head of Maquoit 
 Bay by vessel, he struck across the great Indian portage 
 uniting the waters of Casco Bay with those of the Andros- 
 Maquoit coggin, comiug out on the banks of the 
 
 Portage. Androscoggin at a point some forty miles 
 
 below the Indian fort at which he was aiming. He 
 found the low country everywhere flooded by the au- 
 tumnal freshets. Abandoning his first design, he there- 
 fore turned down the river, marching on until his vessels 
 took him up again in the Kennebec. He then set sail 
 for Pemaquid, where his men did some scouting, but 
 could find no Indians. All the fresh trails led east- 
 ward, thus indicating that the enemy's war-parties had 
 drawn off from their inroads for the season. After tak- 
 ing on board some of the heavy guns belonging to the 
 ruined fort, Church therefore sailed back to Casco, in a 
 storm, and the campaign closed without a solitary ex- 
 ploit to its credit except the rehef of Casco. ^ 
 
 ' Chuboh'8 mstory contains a lengthy, but rambling, account of his operations 
 Letters from him, written from Falmouth at the time, are much more coherent. See 
 Additions to Baylies's Neio Plymouth. 
 
 lijili 
 
VI 
 
 FRONTENAC'S WINTER RAIDS 
 
 March, 1690 
 
 After this war had been going on for a year or more 
 with the Indians alone, a new enemy suddenly appeared 
 in the French, who, from this time forward, became 
 open enemies, instead of the secret ones they had been 
 War had been formally declared between the two crowns 
 England and France, and the colonies of warwith 
 
 both must now bear their part in it.^ It plrallce. 
 
 is true that some sensible men had thought of a neutrality 
 for the colonies, as being a far more rational course 
 than cutting each other's throats without contributiug 
 one iota to the final result between the great belliger- 
 ents. But this wise and eminently humane idea did 
 not meet with favor either at the French court or from 
 the man now at the head of affairs in Canada. There 
 were fifty reasons why Louis should desire the conquest 
 of New England, to one why England Canada not 
 should wish to possess Canada, which at menaced. 
 
 that day she had no use for, and certainly did not covet. 
 Control of the fisheries, control of the Indian trade, but 
 more especially control over the one great gate-way to 
 Canada— the St. Lawrence— were the foremost of these 
 reasons. 
 
 » War was declared at Westminster, April. 1689; at Boston not until December. 
 
 
r 'ft 
 
 44 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1690 
 
 On the other hand, New England asked only to be let 
 alone. There was then no such thing as an American 
 NoAmericMi Colonial policy, although war between 
 P«"«y- the two great powers most interested in 
 
 America was as certain to create one as that the sun 
 rose and set. This conflict, which the French sought 
 to bring about and New England wished to avoid, may 
 be set down, therefore, as the beginning of the end. 
 
 The long series of hostilities, of which we are now at 
 the beginning, should not be regarded, therefore, as so 
 many hap-hazard blows struck in the dark, but as an 
 issue to be fought out to the bitter end, or until one or 
 the other adversary surrendered at discretion. 
 
 Count Frontenac, the man on whose shoulders Louis 
 had twice put the burden of saving Canada, was beyond 
 question without his equal as a commander in all the 
 colonies. Though now seventy, he was to all appear- 
 count ance as vigorous in mind and body as 
 
 Fronton*. ^ver. To a military training in the best 
 
 schools of Europe he added the genius of audacity— 
 the quick and brilliant conceptions which mark the 
 great soldier. It was this rare quality which made him 
 by far the most dangerous enemy that New England 
 ever had. None knew better than he the advantage of 
 carrying the war into the enemy's country, or of strik- 
 ing a disabhng blow when your adversary least expects 
 It; and while the English thought that winter, with its 
 rigors, had put a stop to warlike movements, Frontenac 
 was raismg war-parties to distress them to the utmost 
 In a few short years he could say, as his master said of 
 the Pyrenees, "there is no longer a wilderness." 
 
 By furnishing a few ambitious French oflicers to lead 
 his war-parties, composed mainly of savages, Frontenac 
 
1690] 
 
 PRONTENAC'S WINTER RAIDS 
 
 45 
 
 made the most of his means, without exposing himself 
 to great loss, besides, in a manner, dignifying these de- 
 scents with a character they were far from deserving, as 
 they were neither more. nor less than de- ;*ukeupoi 
 liberately planned raids for robbery and w«r-p«rtie«. 
 murder. We cannot, therefore, in conscience find a 
 place of honor for such deeds, although narrating their 
 
 SAHCEL SKWAUi, 
 
 injurious effects. Frontenac thought much of crippling 
 his enemies, but cared little for the means ; and it is to 
 his eternal disgrace that he inaugurated the policy of 
 indiscriminate massacre, which put him on a level with 
 the savages he employed.* 
 
 » It is claimed that this was done in retaliation for outrages committed by the Iro- 
 quois in Canada. But the Iroquois also were savages, neither governed by the rules 
 of civilized war, nor letl by English officers. 
 
 Il>l 
 
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 Hi! 
 
 ' IRi 
 
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 IB ' ' 
 
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46 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 f^ 
 
 ri690 
 
 Fronteimo had planned three expeditions, onn BKainst 
 Sohenee tady, and two against New England It If 
 
 bieak that the three war-parties set out on their errand 
 
 l^^tt '^ ^r""^^- "^^™ "^ "■« "troZ "as' 
 
 out the Jn 1^ ''°' " ""^1 °f '">""■• t"0"gt- 
 
 out the colonies, and served to put the exposed east- 
 
 w^ d.,.^v. em settlements somewhat on their guard. 
 «,■ ^ X , ""^ ^"^ '"U"!'- too lone and ton 
 
 IlSont hi *'^"'.'"''r'^' -d thirty miles apart, con- 
 nected only by occasional patrols. The horsemen were 
 of course compelled to keep to the few highwZ wS 
 wore easdy avoided, while the footmen! who 'ranged 
 
 the woods looking for 
 fresh tracks of an enemy, 
 often had to force their 
 way through swamps 
 Hnd th:"ckets where the 
 foot of man had never 
 trod before. 
 
 The venerable Samuel 
 Sewall relates that he 
 was present at a "treat" 
 or social gatheiing in 
 Boston when the news 
 of the shocking calam- 
 ity at Schenectady came 
 to cast its withering 
 blight over the spirits of 
 all the company. It was 
 a premonition of the coming storm which cast its dark 
 shadow before. It was a season of gloomy foreboding. 
 
 LIBUTENANT-GOVERNOB STOUQHTON. 
 
FllONTENACS WINTER RAIDS 
 
 ^^^I '"'^r^ii^iiXAUW WINTER RAIDS 47 
 
 " Mr. Dniiforth lookH very sorrowfully. Mr. Stoiighton 
 thinks best to prosecute vigorously," are simple words 
 pregnant with moan- * ' 
 
 iiiii 
 
 ing, 
 
 The second expedi- 
 tion, numbering only 
 fifty-two men, one half 
 Canadian bushrangers, 
 and one half savages, 
 were toiling on tlirough 
 snow and ice toward 
 the New England coast. 
 Fran9ois Hertel was in 
 command, with Hope- 
 hood, a Norridgewock 
 chief, to direct the sav- 
 ages.' 
 
 On the 27th of 
 March, 1690, the in- 
 vaders came out of the 
 woods near Salmon 
 Falls, a little village 
 
 t'-. . 
 
 CANADIAN 8NOW8HOE RANOBB. 
 
 situated on the west bank of the stream diyiding Maine 
 trom New Hampshire. Like Dover, of which it waffheu 
 a part Sahnon Palls had grown up around s.,„ " 
 
 the falls, which furnished excellent miU- fS™ 
 
 sites ; and lumber was here cut, sawed, and rafted down 
 the nver for shipment abroad. At the time Hertel ap- 
 proached it a more dismal landscape could scarcely have 
 met the eye, for in that bleak season winter still obsti- 
 nately disputes the advance of spring. 
 
 m.i6», °°'' '"^ ^'""' <">«»«'»■ HI- P"'J »t oul from Trols 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
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 ( 
 
 
 " "• '■ 
 
 H^ * 
 
 'i'l 
 
 m 
 
 ^V 
 
 ' l' 
 
 ^1 ' 
 
It : 
 
 48 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1600 
 
 Upon reconnoitring, Hertel'H scouts found no watch 
 kept. The advantage of coming on the place by surprise 
 decided Hertel to attack, small as his force was. At 
 daybreak, therefore, having previously divided it into 
 three parties, the assault began on the three garrison- 
 houses, placed to cover the rest of the village. 
 
 Though taken by surprise, the garrisons were stoutly 
 defended, but in the end were forced to surrender one 
 after another. After this success the enemy made short 
 work of the undefended farmhouses and mills, first plun- 
 Hwtoi dering, then burning them, with the bams 
 
 dMtroysit. and their contents, live stock included. 
 Every species of property was swept away. Thirty of 
 the bravest inhabitants were killed, and fifty-four made 
 prisoners, chiefly women and children. No place could 
 have been more thoroughly laid desolate.* 
 
 Upon an alarm that the English were coming to attack 
 him, Hertel began his retreat. He was pursued by a 
 hundred and forty men, hastily collected from the near- 
 est towns, who came up with him at Wooster River, in 
 Berwick, where the stream was crossed by 
 a narrow bridge. Hertel halted his men 
 on the farther side, faced about, and succeeded in keep- 
 ing his eager pursuers back until darkness put an end 
 to the combat. 
 
 Both sides lost a few men, the English suffering the 
 most, as they were the assailants. They gave up the 
 pursuit here, and Hertel continued his retreat. 
 
 Hertel now struck across the country to the Kennebec. 
 Upon reaching it he learned that Frontenac's second 
 war-party, reinforced from the Kennebec villages, and 
 
 ' M(M»aehu»ettt Archives. Sewall's account was obtained from a "Frenchman 
 taken while making up his pack." ' 
 
 Combat at 
 Wooster River. 
 
1690] 
 
 PRONTENAC'S WINTER RAIDS 
 
 48 
 
 by St Costm and his warriors from the Penobscot, had 
 passed down the river shortly before, on their way to 
 attack Casco.' Leaving his bounded at the Abenaki 
 viUage, Hertel set out to join the others, who, with this 
 addition to their force, mustered from four to five hun- 
 dred men. Portneuf » was the commander, ably second- 
 
 WENTWOBTH GARniSON. SALMON FALLS, N. H. 
 
 ed by Courtemanche, Hertel, St. Castin, Madockawan- 
 do, Hopehood, the two Doneys, and others— a truly 
 formidable array of the most crafty and relentless ma- 
 rauders ever sent out on the war-path. 
 
 > Th« garrison was not without warning of this. Captain Wlllard, who was then In 
 
 danger they were in, thirty Indian canoes having been seen in the •,«,, besides several 
 fires on the .hore. This was six weeks before the assanlt tooJc place, and showTtha 
 Zl^ TT ^«*'^'"»-*» ''«'' -Iting for the others to join it. The „ my 
 
 Council ordered 130 men sent ont of Essex to their relief. "-^«M,a« Ftipers 
 ' THiBD son of the Baron de Beoancour. 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 %.. 
 
 1 
 
 f 1- 
 
 !' 
 . I, 
 
60 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1690 
 
 
 I !, 
 
 ■'( 5 
 
 Though only a poor village, Casco was one of the 
 strategic points essential to be held if a foothold was to 
 be retained in eastern Maine, the more so since the fall 
 Port Loyal. oi Pemaquid had left Casco an outpost. 
 Casco. p(3j. defence, there was Fort Loyal, a pick- 
 
 eted enclosure, built on a low bluff at the seaside, and 
 mounting a few light guns to command the approach as 
 well by water as by land. A portion of the regular gar- 
 rison were gone out on a scouting expedition, and Cap- 
 tain Sylvanus Davis, the commander at this moment, 
 had just reported the works to be in a very bad condi- 
 tion. 
 
 Taking everything into account, the enemy could not 
 have made their appearance at a worse time. 
 
 Outside the fort four garrison houses served as so 
 many rallying points for the village, which lay in a 
 natural depression, around the fort, with its rough clear- 
 ings reaching back to the surrounding forests. Such as 
 they were, fort and village covered but an insignificant 
 space on the peninsula, now Portland, which, at most 
 points, rose high above the water, and in some was even 
 inaccessible. 
 
 At this time the number of inhabitants was some- 
 what increased by the fugitives who had been driven 
 from the settlements farther east. Including this small 
 Portneufat- garrisou, there were, in all, about a hun- 
 tacksit. dred able-bodied men in the place when 
 
 Portneuf came before it, on May 25, 1690. An ambus- 
 cade was quickly formed on the brow of Munjoy Hill, 
 the lofty elevation terminating the peninsula at the 
 northeast. All this passed without discovery. 
 
 Without doubt, Portneuf intended to throw his whole 
 force upon the village before the unsuspecting inhabi- 
 
1690] 
 
 FRONTBNAC'S WINTER RAIDS 
 
 61 
 
 tants were stirring in the morning, as Hertel had done 
 at Salmon Falls. The terror and confusion of a sur- 
 prise would do the rest. But this purpose was frustrated 
 through the eagerness of some of his outlying Indian 
 scouts, who waylaid and shot Bobert Greason, a settler, 
 as he was passing toward the village. They then raised 
 their scalp halloa. This put the English on the alert. 
 Thirty of them immediately started off on a scout in the 
 direction of the firing. Mounting the hillside, they 
 pressed on across the clearings, into a lane, fenced at 
 both sides, which led to a block-house,^ standing at the 
 skirt of the woods. It was noticed that the cattle, turned 
 out to pasture, instead of quietly grazing were all staring 
 in the same direction, a sure gn that all was not as it 
 should be. Instead, however, of acting upon the warn- 
 ing thus plainly given them by these dumb sentinels, 
 the impetuous assailants dashed headlong into the am- 
 buscade ; and, while penned up in the lane, they received 
 a murderous volley, almost at the muzzles of the en- 
 emy's guns, which brought thirteen to the ground and 
 put the rest in disorder. The enemy then sprang from 
 their coverts, behind the fences, and fell with swords 
 and hatchets upon the survivors, only four of whom suc- 
 ceeded in regaining the fort, and they were wounded. 
 
 Elated by this success, the invaders then rushed into 
 the village. The undefended houses were easily carried, 
 but the assailants met with such a rough reception at 
 the garrisons that they were obliged to draw off at night- 
 fall, and Portneuf even began to doubt his ability to 
 take the fort. 
 
 The English, however, were convinced of their inabil- 
 ity to withstand another onset. The loss of so many of 
 
 > This block-house was evidently left unguarded. 
 
 Ss^a 
 
 I ! 
 
Slli: 
 
 62 - THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1690 
 
 their best ir en thus early in the fight had seriously crip- 
 pled them. Under cover of the darkness those in the 
 gamsons therefore quietly withdrew to the fort. In the 
 morning, finding the village deserted, the enemy first 
 plundered and then burned it. Having carried the out- 
 works, they then advanced to attack the fort In re 
 connoitring it a deep gully was found running within 
 fifty yards of the stockade, in which the besiegers, com- 
 pletely sheltered from the fire of the fort, could inflict 
 considerable loss on the garrison. Its fire was, however 
 too hot to venture upon a direct assault. Portneuf there' 
 fore, set his men to work digging a trench up to the pali- 
 sade, with tools found in sacking the village. Meantime 
 firing was kept up on both sides night and day. That 
 from the fort, however, did not prevent the work of zig- 
 zagging toward the stockade from being pushed rapidlv 
 forward; and, though wholly unused to this species of 
 warfare, both French arid Indians labored so industri- 
 ously with pick and shovel that on the third day the 
 besiegers were close under the palisade. Portneuf then 
 summoned Davis to surrender. Davis, expecting the 
 retm-nof his detachment, demanded a truce of six days 
 This bemg refused, fighting was resumed. The besiegers 
 could now throw hand grenades over the stockade into 
 the fort, while their fire, kept up under cover of the 
 trenches, grew more and more destructive. As the end 
 drew near they grew more bold. A barrel of tar with 
 other combustibles, was pushed up against the stockade 
 m readiness for firing. 
 
 ^ Seeing the moment of assault at hand, and fear- 
 ing to risk Its result, Davis hoisted the white flag Up 
 to this time he supposed he Iiad to do only with savageP 
 Knowing them to be utterly faithless, he demanded to 
 
[1690 
 
 16901 
 
 FRONTEi^:\0'S WINTER RAIDS 
 
 68 
 
 know if there were any Frenchmen among them. Being 
 answered in the affirmative, he insisted on treating for 
 the surrender of the fort with them only. He stipulated 
 that all within the fort, men, women, or children, well or 
 wounded, should have good quarter, be The fort i. 
 
 allowed to depart unharmed, and be fur- ***«"• 
 
 nished with a safeguard as far as the next English town. 
 Davis would not be satisfied, he says, until, at his de- 
 mand, the French officers swore "by the ever living 
 God " to fulfil these conditions to the letter. 
 
 All were shamefully violated. Instead of finding the 
 promised protection the survivors were abandoned to 
 the fury of the Indians, who wreaked their vengeance 
 unchecked.^ Davis's indignant remonstrances were 
 treated with derision. He was told that he was a rebel 
 and traitox to his king, as if that fact, were it true, ab- 
 solved his captors from all pledges. After plundering 
 the fort the invaders set it on fire, and it was soon burned 
 to the ground, leaving Casco untenanted, save by the 
 unburied bodies of the slain. 
 
 French accounts make no mention of this act of treach- 
 ery. Charlevoix adds, however, that the place was 
 scarcely evacuated when four English vessels hove in 
 sight, bringing a reinforcement for the garrison. See- 
 ing no flag flying, those on board understood that they 
 had come too late, and after waiting some time in vain 
 for a signal from the shore they stood off to sea again. 
 The loss of this post threatened to lead to the total 
 depopulation of Maine. As it was, all the garrisons as 
 far as Wells withdrew in a panic to that place, where 
 they were hastily reinforced and ordered to make a 
 
 > No very dear estimate of the-Iossea is attainable. Ciiarlevoix puts the number 
 of prisoners at seventy, without counti/ig women or children. 
 
 >!.,*, 
 
If 
 
 64 TUB BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1690 
 
 Stand.* This left the savages free to overrun the New 
 Hampshu-e border undisturbed. A war-party, under 
 Hopehood, fell upon Fox Point in Newington, slew 
 taiS"*''^'"" *°^*®®^ persons, carried off six, and 
 " • burned several houses. Thej were pur- 
 
 sued by Captains Floyd and Greenleaf, were overtaJien 
 and compelled to leave behind some of their captives 
 and booty. Early in July eight persons were killed 
 while mowing in a field near Lamprey River (Newmar- 
 ket), and a lad taken. On the next day Hilton's garri- 
 Newmarkefnd SOU at Exeter was assaulted, but was saved 
 • by a timely reinforcement.^ On the sixth 
 
 two companies, who were out searching for the maraud- 
 ers had for some hours a severe fight with them at 
 Wheelwrights Pond, in Lee, in which Captain Wiswall 
 His lieutenant, sergeant, and twelve besides, were killed 
 and several more wounded. Floyd, the other captain' 
 kept up the fight some time longer, but was finally 
 a.ptoinwi.w.11 driven off the ground. The victors then 
 • went westward, leaving a bloody track as 
 
 they went, no less than foi-ty people havmg fallen vic- 
 tims to their rage in one week. Such were the immedi- 
 ate results of Frontenac's two war-parties. 
 
 row?.T^"'«!T^'"'' ^*'''''' ^«'-'-«<»"" i« in Jfassachusetes Htatorical Society 
 Collections, 8d Series, Vol. I, What relates to the siege is very bripf h! =„ ? 
 
 .dTrrS; ' A *^' *"""'' ^''"•"' ''""°""' °' "'>-' t^^« descents. La Hontan 
 
 eun^h?""'' 'f **'V*'«» °"« °* the relieving party. Simon Stone, received nine 
 
 8.g^s of life were perceived, and by the u.se of restoratives the wounded mm revved 
 to the amazement of all. See Sewall, I., 326. rev.ved, 
 
[1690 
 
 VII 
 
 \"t 
 
 PHIPS TAKES PORT ROYAL,> BUT FAILS AT QUEBEC 
 
 May— October, 1690 
 
 Up to this time the people of New England seem to 
 have had no thought of invading Canada themselves, or 
 felt much fear of being invaded from there. Thus far 
 the war, on their part, had been a purely defensive one. 
 But it was now clear to everyone that the real struggle 
 was not so much between the English and Indians, as 
 between the English and French, who kept the Indians 
 constantly supplied with the means of carrying on hos- 
 tilities, while enjoying entire immunity from its ravages 
 themselves. The relation was as close as that between 
 the hand and the weapon. Two flourishing provinces 
 lay at the mercy of hostile incursions, which no power 
 could foresee or prevent. The entire depopulation of 
 both was imminent. All this continual harrying of de- 
 fenceless villages, with its ever-recurring and revolting 
 story of captivity and massacre, was fast turning the 
 border back into a wilderness, which, indeed, was what 
 the enraged savages aimed at. Every attempt to reach 
 and destroy these vigilant foemen in their own fastnesses 
 proved worse than futile. New England was losing ten 
 lives for one ; and in property more than fifty to one. 
 
 This being so, the plan of striking at the root of the 
 evil was wisdom itself. True, the difficulties in the way 
 
 > So named by Champlain, 1G04, on account of its spacioua anchorage. 
 
 
 K 
 
66 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1690 
 
 of successfully assailing Canada were wellnigh insur- 
 mountable. Nature herself seemed to have set up an 
 impassable barrier between the belligerents ; but no 
 sooner was the necessity realized, than all obstacles 
 
 PUIPS HAISING THE 8UNKKN TRKASURE. 
 
 vanished before that spirit of stern determination with 
 which the New Englanders were accustomed to grapple 
 with the most arduous undertakings. 
 
 But hostile incursions from Canada were not the only 
 evils to be redressed with the strong baud. Injuries 
 scarcely lesr^ vexatious had long been accumulating in 
 
1690] 
 
 PHIPS TAKES PORT ROYAL 
 
 67 
 
 another quarter, where no wildernesses forbade a set- 
 tlement of the account. For years Acadia and its har- 
 bors had been a safe retreat for privateers Acadia 
 and corsairs, who robbed and ill-used the oIcJ'miS! 
 New England fishermen until those seas were become 
 no longer safe. Bad as it had been, the evil was now 
 made tenfold worse by a state of war. For depredations 
 of this sort Acadia, or Nova Scotia, is remarkably well 
 placed, and as New England subsisted mostly by her 
 fisheries the alternatives were either to see them de- 
 stroyed or to put them beyond the reach of future spo- 
 liation. 
 
 Early in the spring of 1690, before Casco had been 
 assailed, an expedition sailed from Boston to attack 
 Port Royal, the chief se tport of Acadia, where a French 
 garrison was kept. Sir William Phips,^ a man whose 
 simple force of character had raised him sirwiin«m 
 from poverty to affluence, and from an hum- piup^ 
 
 ble ship-carpenter to Knighthood, was put in command. 
 His popularity, no doubt, contributed much toward set- 
 ting the little squadron of eight vessels and seven or 
 eight hundred men afloat; but his appointment was a 
 wide departure from the traditions of the colony and 
 province, where social rank had always been considered 
 indispensable to high command.^ 
 
 As this was the first venture of the kind in which 
 New England had ever engaged, the result p^^ r^^., 
 was awaited in painful suspense. Phips taken. 
 
 was, however, completely successful. Port Royal sub- 
 
 ' Consult Mather's and Bowen's biographies. Mather is too laudatory. Phips was 
 B l)rot6g6 of the two Mathers. ^ ^ 
 
 cZ!TT'l^u ^-^ ^^"'''''" ^°'' "°* ""'"^ *° '^^^^ »>««» «^«» » freeman of the 
 colony, by the fol owing entry in Sewall's Da«ry, viz.: "Saturday, March 22.1690.- 
 
 h^iioHeteL'. """'"' '''' """• ^'^"'' "•''" ^'' "^""»- '-« -'^ --" 
 
68 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1690 
 
 niitted, and his reputation as a commander was made 
 at once.* 
 
 No doubt was now felt that, with a little greater effort, 
 Quebec and Montreal could be taken with all ease. 
 Phips himself seems to have been of this opinion. Nor 
 was it ill-founded. As a matter of fact, Quebec had 
 Plan to take been taken before, and it was not unreason- 
 Quebec, able to suppose that it might be taken 
 again. The concurrence of Connecticut and New York 
 being obtained, land forces were raised to attack Mon- 
 treal by way of Lake Champlain,^ while Phips, with a 
 fleet, should be thundering away at Quebec. 
 
 It was a good plan anu well deserved success— the 
 self-same plan, in fact, by which the conquest of Can- 
 ada was achieved seventy years later. By assailing two 
 points at once the chances of success were greatly im- 
 proved." But the army got no farther than the head of 
 Lake Ohamplain, leaving Phips to fight it out alone at 
 Quebec, where he was repulsed, as a matter of course ; 
 
 > Menkval, commander of Port Royal, charged Phipa with violating the capitula- 
 tion, and even with robbing him of his own money. A violent scene took place at 
 a hearing before the Massachusetts Council, in the course of which Bewail, who was 
 present, says that "very fierce woids" passed between Sir William and Mr. (John) 
 Nelson, who took Meneval's part. 
 
 " PiTZ John Winthrop, who had served under Cromwell in England, was put in 
 command. 
 
 s At a congress of delegates held at New York, early in May, it was agreed that 
 New York should raise four hundred men and the New England colonies three hun- 
 dred and flfty-flvc, to which the Ironnois were expected to add the whole fighting 
 strength of their confederacy. Only - rew Mohawks and Oneidas joined the expedition, 
 however, the more western tribes failing to appear. Of the white forces New York and 
 Connecticut alone furnished their contingents. Massachusetts and Plymouth having 
 their hands full in defending their frontiers. See Journal of Major General Winthrop, 
 N. Y. Col. Docs., IV., 193; Sewall Papers, I., 327, etc. News that the Montreal 
 troops were returning from Wood Creek, to which point they had marched, came to 
 Boston, August 28, during a Public Fast, eliminating, of course, all hope of ultimate 
 success. Ibid. Captain John Schuyler, with a detachment of New York volunteers and 
 Indians, made a bold d«sh to La Prairie, opposite Montreal, inflicting some logs upon 
 the enemy. 
 
1690] 
 
 PHIPS FAILS AT QUEBEC 
 
 59 
 
 I 
 
 for as soon as Frontenac found that Montreal was in no 
 danger he hurried off to Quebec with every available man 
 and musket. Instead of a garrison weakly manned, Phips 
 really had to contend with the whole strength of the col- 
 ony, led by a soldier every way his superior in military 
 knowledge and capacity. Quebec, too, had been made 
 
 SKSTOH MAP, APPBOACHSS TO QUKBKC. 
 
 very strong. But this fact did not become known until 
 it was too late to draw back. 
 
 Owing to various delays the fleet did not get in sight 
 of Quebec until the 5th of October, when, if anythfng 
 was to be done, it was necessary to act promptly, as the 
 season for active campaigning was draw- Phips'. fleet 
 ing to a close. The fleet consisted of and army, 
 
 thirty-two sail, scraped together for this expedition, the 
 largest carrying forty-four guns, some a few only, and 
 
 
 
J 
 
 60 
 
 THE BORDER WARR OP NEW EN(5LANJ) 
 
 [101)0 
 
 i 
 
 n 
 
 
 the gi-eutur part noue at ull, Ijoing mere truusports.' 
 
 Twenty-tkieo hundred men were embarked.^ 
 
 On the 6th, however, P'lips summoned Frontenac to 
 
 surrender in ternm which the old soldier hotly resented; 
 
 and, in view of iihc means at his disposal for enforcing 
 
 the demand, it must be admitted that Phips's language 
 
 was sufficiently offensive. But Fronteuac was not to be 
 
 browbeaten into surrendering. He flew in^o a towering 
 
 passion, called the En^iisii rebels and traitors to their 
 
 lawful sovereign, and threatened the envoy, but finally 
 
 calmed down sufficiently to return Phips the dignified 
 
 and soldierly answer, " Tell him who sent you to do his 
 
 best, and I will do mine." To Phips the challenge could 
 
 scarcely have been encouraging. From his anchorage 
 
 in the basin below, the huge, rock-ribbed promontory of 
 
 Quebec as it Qucbec towered defiant in the distance. 
 looked to Phips. itg fr^jji.^ ^i^j.^gt ^^i^-j^ ^^^ .^^^ ^j^^ g^^ -L^^_ 
 
 rence, was a precipice. Whichever way the eye wan- 
 dered no vantage ground offered itself in this direction. 
 Toward the country, however, the laud fell off to a lower 
 level, showing the besiegers a line of lesser heights, 
 down which the road from the town led to a stretch of 
 meadow land bordering the river St. Charles, crossed 
 this at the usual fording place, practicable only at low 
 tide, and passed on to Beauport, where the shipping lay. 
 A morass, a ford, a steep ascent thus separated the 
 combatants in this quarter. Yet this, as Frontenac well 
 knew, was the one assailable side of Quebec, 
 and he had accordingly made up his mind 
 not to risk a general engagement beyond the St. Charles, 
 as Montcalm afterward did, but to let the English 
 
 ' FouB ships of war nnd twenty-eight others.— Sewall. 
 * Wait Wisthrop to hie son John, 
 
 Plan of defense. 
 
1090] 
 
 PHIP8 FAILS AT QUEBEC 
 
 61 
 
 themselves cross tlie river, and attack Iiim in his do. 
 fences, thus taking the fullest advantage of all the nat- 
 ural obstacles in the way of their advance or retreat. 
 
 ii 
 
 iii1!!ili 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 QUEBEC, FROM AN OLD PBINT. 
 
 Such, in brief, was the position which Phips had come 
 so far to take, and Frontenac had labored night and day 
 to strengthen. Without making a careful reconnois- 
 sance in advance, misled by the out-of-date report that 
 
 I 
 
62 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [IflQO 
 
 it was not half fortified, and but weakly defended, Phips 
 noverthel<>88, born fighter that he wuh, saw only his en- 
 emy within his reach at lust. 
 
 The laud forces, upon whom the brunt of the assault 
 must fall, had now been cooped up for a nionth on ship- 
 board, without any opportunity whatever of getting 
 together for drill or discipline. All were raw miHtia. 
 Tliey were commanded by Major John Walley, a respect- 
 able civilian, who was yet to fight his first battle. The 
 small-pox had broken out at sea ; and, from one cause 
 or another, so many had fallen sick tliat of the 2,300 who 
 had embarked at Boston, probably a third piirt were 
 wholly unfit for active duty. The rest, however, showed 
 no lack of spirit when called upon to fight. 
 
 The plan agreed upon embraced an assault upon the 
 town, in the rear, while the fleet was cannonading it in 
 front. But the troops wore first to gain the desired po- 
 sition by crossing the St. Charles and storming the 
 heights of St. Genevieve beyond ; then, when the greater 
 part of the garrison should be drawn off to repulse this 
 Plan of attack. ^^^^^^^> P^^ps was to Open his batteries 
 upon the town. If the onemy showed 
 weakness here, Phips himself was to attempt a landing 
 at the Lower Town. Little fault can be found with this 
 plan, but much with the way in which it was carried out 
 Two days went by. The 6th passed, as we have seen 
 m fruitless negotiation. The 7th proved too stormy to 
 attempt a landing. On the 8th, however, about 1,300 
 The troops land. ^®" ^^®^® ^^<^ ^n shore, abreast of the fleet, 
 some four miles below the town, most of 
 them wading through water knee deep from where the 
 boats grounded on the flats. " Never were more men 
 landed in less time," declares Walley. 
 
IflOO] 
 
 PHIP8 PAILS AT QUEBEC 
 
 68 
 
 Tho troops had Hcnrcely begun their imirch toward 
 the town when they were fired upon from every copwe 
 and thicket by the enemy's out-purtics, who hung, like 
 swarms of angry bees, around the invaders, disi)uting 
 their advance from cover to cover, until routed by a 
 Hual charge, when they broke away and r.^^ j^, 
 
 re-crossed the river to the town, and at st.ch-riei. 
 dark the New Euglanders encamped for the night on the 
 banks of the St. Charles. This opening affair had cost 
 them four killed and sixty wounded. Considering that 
 the ground had not been reconnoitred at all, it was by 
 no means discreditable to Walley's raw levies. 
 
 That evening a deserter came into camp, bringing the 
 unwelcome news of the garrison's being heavily rein- 
 forced from Montreal. This piece of news seems to 
 have taken all the fight out of Walley, who now found 
 twenty reasons for not advancing a step farther. And 
 he was still further disconcerted at seeing Phips weigh 
 anchor to attack the town, before the troops were In 
 position to co-operate with him. 
 
 Whether this manoeuvre was intended to draw atten- 
 tion from WaUey, and thus facilitate his crossing the St. 
 Charles, is uncertain. Walley says that the boats prom- 
 ised him for this purpose failed to appear; and further- 
 more, that a battery of eight guns, with a thousand men 
 m support of it, was waiting for him on the opposite 
 shore. 
 
 Be that as it may, toward evening, the four heaviest 
 ships moved up before the town, and were soon hotly 
 engaged with the enemy's batteries. Night Phjps cannon- 
 put an end to the conflict. It was resumed «"«»«"" 
 
 in the moraing, with the result, that, after being bad- 
 ly cut up in their hulls and rigging, without doing seri- 
 
 
64 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1690 
 
 ous damage to the enemy, the ships were obliged to drop 
 down, out of the fire, leaving the troops without support. 
 During the cannonade, they had remained mere idle look- 
 ers-on, and, now, that it had failed, Walley shrank from 
 making the assault alone. After holding his ground until 
 the 10th, he appealed to Sir WilHam to withdraw the 
 phips is beaten troops, and as Phips now realized that he 
 was beaten, orders were given to bring them 
 off without loss of time. This was effected on the night 
 of the 11th. ^ 
 
 Phips now thought only of getting away from Que- 
 bec as soon as possible. Before sailing, there was an 
 exchange of prisoners,^ by which Captain Davis and two 
 daughters of Lieutenant Clark, taken at Casco, and little 
 Sarah Gerrish, carried off from Dover, were released 
 from captivity. 
 
 On the return voyage, the same ill fortune continued 
 to pursue Phips and his defeated squadron. One vessel 
 suffered sliipwreck on the Island of Anticosti,^ two or 
 more were sunk, and several blown off to the West In- 
 dies.'' One by one they came dropping into the port 
 they had left with such full expectation of an easy vic- 
 tory. Now all was changed. No such terrible humilia- 
 tion had ever before visited New England. Yet, alone 
 and single-handed, she had struck the blow which was 
 to be the key-note of future operations against Canada; 
 
 ' On hl8 way up the river Phips had taken several prisoner., among whom was the 
 wife of the explorer, Joliet. 
 
 a "June 29. 1691 : Yesterday Rainsford arrived with 17 men that remained alive on 
 Anticosti ; 4 dead of the small-pox since the long boat's coming."~Sewall Papers 
 
 *"Fbidat, Nov. 8. 1690: Between 9 an J 10 at night, governor sends to me and 
 enforms of the defeat at Canada. Shuto comes into Boston that night or next 
 morning; hath thrown overboard more than sixty persons since his going hence 
 most Indians of Plymouth, Town much filled with the discourse and some oast 
 blame on Major Walley."— ^ewa« Papers, L, 332. 
 
1090] 
 
 PHIPS PAILS AT QUEBEC 
 
 65 
 
 and if, in this instance, it had not proved successful, if 
 the means and the leadership had savored somewhat of 
 inexperience, and yet more of over-confidence, the les- 
 son, cosily as it proved, was not thrown away. Present 
 failure only pointed the way to ultimate success. 
 
 The impoverished people were, however, at the end 
 of their resources.^ For the present they could see 
 nothing but their overwhehning defeat. The returning 
 soldiers were loudly clamoring for their pay, and there 
 was no money to pay them with. In this extremity, 
 Massachusetts was forced to resort to the expedient of 
 issuing paper money to defray the expenses of the ex- 
 pedition, which, it had been confidently Fi«t paper 
 hoped, would be met by the spoil of "on^' 
 
 Quebec. And here was first opened the door to those 
 financial difficulties which ev.?r after proved so vexatious 
 and so lasting in their effects.'^ 
 
 livi.'^fTvr.L'itdter'''^' '''" ^^"^"^"^ "* ^'''^''^ '" --y' ^'^^^ *•>« 
 
 vo;'5"JSS"i5^i'f,.rr *'" 7P«?lfnareWallev's Jou.-naCiu Hutchinson, 
 voi.i,^ppenaix, inan/ of Sylvanut havit in Ma^a. Hist. Coll 3 l lOl • «?»u.™ Ar 
 
 IV, 198, iy>He Occurrence* (Boston, September 25, 1690). The French a«»unt; 
 of Oharlevonc. L., Hontan and La Potherie furnish de«.il8 not «lven eZXre qC 
 
 :n;":ror;^'"^*^''""°' ^^^ ''^-^ «^™«°"- ^ Hontan'r^hTinS; 
 
 5 
 
 ■mm 
 
 I I 
 
 I. 
 
 I'. 
 
ill 
 
 i 
 
 vra 
 
 CHURCH'S SECOND EXPEDITION 
 
 September, 1690-1691 
 
 While Phips was on his way to Quebec, the Massa- 
 chusetts authorities deemed the opportunity a fitting 
 one to chastise the hostile tribes who had desolated 
 ttie Maine border in the previous spring, now that the 
 French could afford them no aid. For this purpose 
 Major Church was again called into the service. It 
 required considerable persuasion to induce the old 
 ranger again to take the field, for he was still smarting 
 under the censures his previous expedition had called 
 forth ; but he was at length prevailed upon to lay aside 
 his personal grievances and accept the command. Many 
 of his old soldiers, Indians included, immediately en- 
 hsted under him. In all, three hundred men were 
 raised, with whom Church was expected to give a good 
 account of himself. 
 
 It has already been explained why the rivers empty- 
 ing upon the Maine coast were so many points of 
 danger from hostile inroads. At safe distances up 
 these rivers, varying from sixty to a hundred miles, the 
 tribes who usually acted together against the English 
 had permanent villages, whence war-parties could easily 
 shp down unperceived to the coast, join their forces at 
 some point mutually agreed upon, and fall upon such 
 settlements as had been marked for destruction. Small 
 
1690-1691] CHURCH'S SECOND EXPEDITION 67 
 
 and insufficient garrisons posted at the mouths of these 
 nvers had utterly failed to put a stop to these inroads. 
 Scouting the border could not do it. To destro the 
 enemy's viUages was the only alternative. Root out 
 the nests and the vultures would fly away. 
 
 Church arrived in Casco Bay on September 11th. He 
 was ordered to first strike the Indian viUages on the 
 Androscoggin, which the high water had prevented his 
 reaching in the preceding year. Landing, as before, at 
 Maquoit, he first marched up to Pejepscot Fort.^ Find- 
 ing this abandoned, he kept on some forty church 
 miles higher up the river, to the enemy's "tPejepI^t. 
 principal village and fort. When within gunshot of it 
 his advance was discovered. What few men were there 
 fled away m a panic, leaving the women and children to 
 their fate. Church says that some three or four were 
 shot while attempting to swim the river. Among the 
 dirt and filth of the wigwams five English captives 
 were found in a most pitiable plight.^ Six or seven of 
 the Indian prisoners were inhumanly butchered, Church 
 says, as an example to the rest.^ Two old women, too 
 decrepit to bear the fatigues of a march, were spared to 
 relate the story of the descent and slaughter to their 
 friends. In his usual boastful vein Church told them 
 who he was, what great things he had done in Philip's 
 War, and what their tribe might expect if they contin- . 
 ued to make war upon the English. Then, softening 
 his tone somewhat, he bade the hags tell their warriors 
 that, if they wanted to see their wives again, they must 
 
 1 Built nnd abandoned by the English. 
 
 Ba'nTa^' S'sin'Sr ?'' V* °"'*""" ''''' P"*^'"^ ^"8^'«*5 ^rs. Benjamin 
 !nTrr^" h!^ 1^ f" '• "^"^ ^'*'^' °* ^"^■"'^ • «"« Willis's daughter, of Durham 
 and al80 a boy of Durh«m._Church'8/.e«er. September 30, 1690. ^u.nam, 
 
 ' Crubob's Entertaining History. 
 
 Ifi 
 
 
THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGI AND [1690-1691 
 
 bring in all their English captives to Berwick within 
 fourteen days. 
 
 Nine women and children of the chiefs Kankamagus 
 and Worombo were brought off as pledges for the good 
 behavior of the tribe in future ; for Church well knew 
 that so long as they were in his power these chiefs 
 would remain quiet. 
 
 From questions put to the only man taken there, 
 whose life was spared at the earnest entreaty of Mrs. 
 Huckins, Church learned that most of the warriors 
 had gone over to the Saco Biver to collect provisions 
 there for an expedition they had planned in concert 
 with the Bay of Fundy Indians. Acting upon this 
 information, he resolved to follow them without delay. 
 After burning the fort, with its stores of corn, laid up 
 for the winter, Church therefore marched back to his 
 vessels, with his prisoners and booty. 
 
 He was here joined by young Anthony Brackett, who 
 had been taken at Casco, but had made his escape upon 
 hearing of Church's being up the river. Brackett's 
 thorough knowledge of the localities proved of much 
 use in Church's future operations. 
 
 Church now sailed round into Saco Eiver, where 
 some of the enemy were discovered making fish. His 
 scouts killed two of them, and rescued Thomas Baker, 
 an English captive, who told Church where these Ind- 
 ians had hid away their beaver at Pejepscot. Retracing 
 Sails back his course, that place was re-visited, and 
 
 *® s«»». tjie plunder secured, but no Indians were 
 
 seen. Some of Church's men now demanded that he 
 should return home. Church demurred, but was over- 
 ruled by his council, and afJ^^er recrossing Casco Bay, 
 the vessels cast anchor at Purpooduc Point, on Cape 
 
1690-1691] 
 
 CHURCH'S SECOND EXPEDITION 
 
 69 
 
 Elizabeth, for the uight. Three companies were allowed 
 to encamp on shore. The Indians whom Church had 
 been chasing about, but had never overtaken, had now 
 got together in considerable force, and, un- surprised at 
 known to him, were watching his every ^p* EiiMbeth. 
 movement. Finding a careless watch kept, they fell 
 furiously upon the camp, at daybreak, and had nearly 
 driven the English into the sea, before a sufficient 
 number could be rallied to make head against them. 
 Church hastened to their assistance. The assailants 
 were then charged and routed in their turn. In this 
 wretched affair the English had seven killed and twen- 
 ty-four wounded. 
 
 Standing off from here to the westward, Chm-ch next 
 made a landing at Cape Neddock, marched thence to 
 "Wells, and sent out scouts as far back to the eastward as 
 Saco Falls ^ and Winter Harbor.^ No enemy was found. 
 Since striking their blow at Purpooduc, the Indians had 
 scattered to the woods again. Having called in his 
 scouts. Church returned to Portsmouth on September 
 26th, to brood over the cool reception that he hutiw 
 awaited him at home. 
 
 As Church had foreseen, one good result followed 
 close upon his capture of the Indian women at Andros- 
 coggin fort. In October several of the chief sachems 
 came to Wells, where they held a talk with Captain 
 Elisha Andros, under a flag of truce. With real or pre- 
 tended sincerity— it is hard to say which— they declared 
 that the French had made fools of tliem, a truce 
 
 that it -, would fight against the English agreed to. 
 
 no h^Gve; and that they were ready to make a treaty 
 whenever the English were. A meeting was soon ar- 
 
 • Biddeford. *Bidde/ord Pool. 
 
 h H 
 
 "'f I 
 
70 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1691 
 
 ranged for, which took place at Sagadahoc, November 
 23d. By that time it is evident that the hostile Abena- 
 ki8 had heard of the repulse of Phips at Quebec, and, 
 under French influences, were wavering or scheming to 
 gain time, for they brought in only ten captives of the 
 large number in their hands, and after prolonging the 
 talk for six days, finally agreed only to a truce until 
 the following May, at which time they promised to de- 
 liver the rest of their captives and conclude a lasting 
 peace. We shall see how this promise was kept.» 
 
 No Indians appeared at the appointed time, though 
 the English commissioners were on the spot, ready to 
 proceed with the treaty. This keeping aloof from the 
 rendezvous was of sinister omen, and forewarned another 
 outbreak. Breathing time, however, had been gained, 
 which was much to a people worn down and dispirited 
 by the last year's reverses. 
 
 It proved, however, a mere lull in the storm. When 
 questioned, the neighboring Indians pretended ignorance 
 of the time fixed for the treaty. A further delay was 
 granted. This also proved a blind. Convinced, at last, 
 that the subtle enemy would soon be upon them again,' 
 the commissioners hastened homeward, promising to 
 send reinforcements to Wells forthwith. 
 
 It was in Jane, 1691, that Captain James Converse 
 was posted in Storer's garrison,^ at Wells, with some 
 thirty-five or forty soldiers, part of whom had but just 
 joined him, when the chief, Moxus, assaulted it at the 
 
 •Upon this conference see Mather's Magnalia, 529-553; Collections Massachusetts 
 mstortcal Soc^ety^s 3d Series, I., 104, 105 ; Hutchinson, I., 359. Church was annoyed at 
 being Ignored in this affair. ' 
 
 ''The site is now identified only by the angle of an old wall, built of large 
 nnhewn stones, brought here by water, for the purpose. It was on the main roaJ 
 through Wells, where the house of John S. Pope stands, m I write. 
 
1601] 
 
 CHURCH'S SECOND EXPEDITION 
 
 71 
 
 head of two liimdred warriors, expecting an easy con- 
 quest. The assault was bravely repulsed, and Moxus 
 drew off, swearing to be revenged. When 
 Madockawando heard of it he laughed ^*"* •'*•"'*«»• 
 heartily. " So," said the amused chief, " my brother 
 Moxus has missed it, has he ? next year I'll go myself, 
 and have the dog Converse out of his den." 
 
 BITE Ol- HTORER HARRISON, WKhLS, MK. 
 
 Foiled in their attempt on Wells, the enraged assail- 
 ants next fell upon the little fishing hamlet at Cape 
 Neddock, five miles farther down the coast, Murders 
 
 and in York. Here they killed nine men' at"York! 
 
 who were loading a vessel, set the hamlet on fire, and then 
 disappeared as suddenly as they came. The limit of 
 
 llifl! .lit 
 
 1. 
 
 
•\'H 
 
 72 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [leoi 
 
 this raid was, however, to mark the starting-point of 
 one bloodier still, before many months had passed 
 away. 
 
 Following close upon these events, four companies of 
 English, commanded by Captain John March, were de- 
 spatched in July to the enemy's old haunts at Pejepscot 
 They marched up from Maquoit, and they marcherl back 
 agam, empty handed. No Indians had been met with ; 
 yet while the soldiers were re-embarking, thfi^ ^rgre 
 violently attacked by the wily enemy, who expected to 
 repeat the lesson they had given Captain Church, the 
 September before, at Purpooduc. Captain Sherburne » 
 was killed before he could get off to h^s vessel. This 
 onslaught was excellently timed, when the vessels were 
 left aground by the tide. As soon as they were afloat 
 agam, tiiey hauled off, for reasons unexplained in the 
 accounts of the affair. 
 
 Except for roving scalping-parties, who killed seven 
 persons at Berwick, two more at Exeter, and killed or 
 captured twenty-one more at Eye, the remainder of 
 At^^rwick the year was passed in comparative quiet. 
 ■" y«- As usual, the English had suffered more 
 
 loss than they inflicted. But March's expedition was 
 said to have checked a purposed descent upon the Isles 
 of Shoals In November Port Eoyal was retaken by 
 Governor ViUebon without striking a blow, there being 
 no garrison to defend it. In gloom and darkness the 
 old year went out and the new came in. 
 
 > Shehbubhe vms of Portsmouth, N. H. 
 
 f^ 
 
IX 
 
 YORK LAID WASTE, WELLS ATTACKED 
 
 February— June, 1692 
 
 On the morning of the 5th of February, 1692,» the 
 village of York lay locked in the arms of winter. Since 
 daybreak it had been snowing heavily, so that few of the 
 inhabitants were yet stirring. At this hour nothing 
 could be heard but the muffled roar of the waves, beat- 
 ing against the ice-bound coast, or the moaning of the 
 wind, as it swept through the naked forest. All else 
 wore its usual quiet. 
 
 Suddenly a gunshot broke the stillness. At that 
 sound the village awoke. The startled settlers ran to 
 their doors and windows. Out in the darkness and 
 gloom they saw a body of armed men fronting them on 
 every side. Some tried to escape by their front-doors. 
 A storm of bullets drove them back. They next made 
 for the back-doors. Death met them at the threshold. 
 They saw themselves surrounded, entrapped. On every 
 side the rattle of musketry, mingled with the loud yells 
 of the assailants, drowned the voices of nature— moan- 
 ing sea and rising storm. The village was surrounded 
 and retreat cut off ; and a carnival of murder was to join 
 its horrid uproar to that of the elements. 
 
 From the brow of Mount Agamenticus, the enemy had 
 reconnoitred the village on the afternoon before. They 
 
 » Maxheb'B date of January 25 is Old Style. 
 
 I II 
 
 iffl I! 
 
 li 
 ifc'ii 
 
74 
 
 THE BOllDEH \VAR8 OF NEW ENfJLAND 
 
 [101)8 
 
 had bivouacked ther(3 that Jiight in the kuow. Thero 
 was no warning of thoir coming. Under cover of the 
 storm some three hundred savages had stolen upon the 
 village, like famishing wolves upon a sheepfold. They 
 found no watch set to give the alarm, as they nilontly 
 filed out of the forest into the open tields beyond. Not 
 even a dog barked. The fresh Hnow vleadened their 
 stealthy footfall. Until that signal shot was fired, no- 
 body dreamed of an enemy near. 
 
 Then the slaughter began. The savages quickly 
 burst open the doors with their axes, killing and scalp- 
 ing all whom they met. As soon as one house was 
 earned, and its inmates butchered, it was first ransacked 
 and then set on fire ; the assailants then rushing off in 
 pursuit of new victims. In a short time the village was 
 blazing in twenty places. 
 
 At length it would seem as if the savages themselves 
 grew weary of bloodshed, since some four-score persons 
 escaped the tomahawk and scalpiug-knife. Among 
 them were many aged women and little children, some 
 of whom were set at liberty when the Indians marched 
 off. Accounts differ as to the number slain, Mather 
 Number of fixing it at fifty, others at from sevcmty- 
 
 kiiied. fiye to g^ hundred. Many of the slain were 
 
 cremated in their own dwellings. The blow was sud- 
 den, unlooked-for, deadly. It was not supposed that 
 the place could ever rise from its ashes again. 
 
 Among the scattered houses, stretched a mile and a 
 half along the river, four or five had been expressly con- 
 structed as a defence for the rest. These were, there- 
 fore, termed garrisons. Their thick walls of hewn 
 timber were bullet-proof ; a row of stout pickets kept an 
 assailant at a distance; while the inmates were firing 
 
1692] 
 
 YORK LAID WASTE, WELLS ATTACKED 
 
 76 
 
 deliberately from a secure cover, through the loop- 
 holoH. Rude as they were, these primitive fortresses 
 proved of signal use in repelliug such attacks as that 
 just narrated. 
 
 A few resolute, or desperate, men succeeded in break- 
 ing through their assailants, tmd so gaining the shelter 
 of some of the four garrisons. All were summoned to 
 
 JUNKIN8 OAKKISOK, YORK. 
 
 surrender, but in every case the summons met with a 
 stern d^fi ,ce. Finding that nothing was to be had but 
 blows, tJie savages drew off without venturing to make 
 an assault. Except Alcock's, H.rmon's, Norton's, and 
 Preble's garrisons, every house in the village was burned 
 to the ground. 
 
 The house of Shabael Dummer, the minister, stood 
 by the seaside, not far from Roarin , Rock. He was 
 shot down at his own door, while in the act of mounting 
 
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76 THB BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [im 
 
 his horse. His wife and son were carried off into cap- 
 tivity, with the rest, and Mather pithily says that one of 
 Dum».r the " bloody tygres " strutted about among 
 
 1 /,. , *^® broken-hearted prisoners, wearing the 
 cjotbes of the murdered man. 
 
 These Mails belonged to the missions of Father 
 Thu Y at Penobscot, md Father Bigot at Norridgewock, 
 by whom the expedition had been set on foot. Before 
 dmding tlieir plunder, these so-called Christian con- 
 veri« chanted a Te Deum for their victory. They also 
 chanted ma.tin and vesper service, while on theur home- 
 ward m^ch, as their spiritual fathers had strictly 
 charged them not to omit the sacred offices of religion 
 if they would have success reward their undertaking » ' 
 
 A boy, four years old, who escaped the massa<;re 
 afterwards ^w up to lead an avenging band against 
 this same Kennebec tribe and mission, and extermi- 
 nated both. 
 
 As Wells joins York at the east, it was in a manner 
 isolated by the crushing blow dealt that place. The 
 people of Wells, lonely outpost of a lonely frontier, now 
 talked of nothing but abandoning the place. To in- 
 wdtouout. duce them to stay the garrisons were 
 strengthened, stores collected, and the 
 coimtry diligently patrolled for signs of the enemy. 
 JVothmg happened, however, until June, when Madock- 
 awando made good his threat, in part, by coming at 
 the head of four hundred warriors, as he had said he 
 would. Moxus and Egeremet were with him, the for- 
 mer burning to wipe away the disgrace of his defeat ; the 
 latter as eager for English scalps as he had been ever 
 
IflWJ YORK LAID WASTE, WELLS ATTACKED 77 
 
 since the kidnapping of his friends at Black Point five 
 years before. * 
 
 Joined to this formidable body of sayages was a 
 smaU band of Canadians, commanded by Portneuf an 
 officer assigned to the expedition by his superiors- 
 active in setting it on foot, skilled in border warfare 
 and now exercising as much authority p«. a horde of 
 undisciplined savages were disposed to Portnwifte 
 yield to a white man. With Portneuf command, 
 
 were the Baron St. Castin, a gentleman by birth, and a 
 savage from choice; also one La Brognerie, and one or 
 two other French officers. 
 
 To oppose this army Converse could muster only 
 fifteen soldiers of the garrison, to whom, if we should 
 add such of the inhabitants as had sought safety with- 
 in its walls, the defendei-s could still count themselves 
 but a handful at best. Fortunately, how- storf. gurn. 
 ever, two sloops, laden with stores for the •onbeMt" 
 
 garrison, had arrived on the 9th, with fourteen soldiers 
 more, thus bringing Converse's force up to iwenty-nine 
 fightmg men. To these should be added, of course, 
 those able-bodied inhabitants who had come into the 
 garrison, upon hearing of the enemy's approach. 
 
 This was not, however, to be a battle of numbers, but 
 one of courage, endurance, and skill. Wells was but a 
 small, straggling village, drawn out for a mile along the 
 seashore it overlooked. Storer's garrison stood on the 
 brow of a gentle rise of ground, commanding the little 
 salt water river, or creek, that makes the harbor. At 
 low tide there is only a thread of water left between 
 banks of soB, sticky ooze. The two sloops were an- 
 chored oflf in the channel, within pistol-shot of the 
 shore, ready to bear their part in the coming fray ; and 
 
 i. 
 
78 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1898 
 
 as Converse bad fuUy made up his mind never to yield 
 while a man was left to fire a shot, or load a gun, the 
 combat promised to be an obstinate one. 
 
 These preparations for defence were scarcely com- 
 pleted when notice was given of the enemy's presence 
 by the cattle running in out of the woods, frightened 
 and bleeding. The hunters of men were close at 
 hand. That night was an anxious one for the garrison 
 As soon as it was light, contrai-y to their usual custom 
 the savages came swarming out of their hiding-places 
 screeching, brandishing their weapons aloft, and hurling 
 shouts of defiance at the garrison as if they expected to 
 fnghten it into a surrender by a show of numbers and 
 
 Enemy lUMuit. ^^^^^' ^*®^ J^^^S themselves hoarse, 
 they let fiy a random volley which hurt no- 
 body, sheltered as the besieged were behind the stock- 
 ade, while their steady return fire speedily drove the 
 too confident assailants to their coverts again. 
 
 Failing here, the savages next turned their attention 
 to the sloops, which promised to fall an ea«y prey, as 
 they lay within short gun-shot of the shore. Lying 
 near at hand on the bank wajs a pile of planks, and also 
 a haystack. From behind these a gaUing fire was kept 
 up on the vessels with musketry, and they were once 
 and again set on fire with lighted arrows. The fire was 
 as often put out, however, by the steadiness and cool- 
 ness of the crews, who also managed, by a well-aimed 
 shot now and then, to hold their assailants under cover. 
 One, indeed, who rashly ventured an attempt to get on 
 board by shielding his body behind a slab of pine, was 
 shot dead in his tracks. 
 
 This failure, however, seems to have suggested what 
 followed. The besiegers having found a cart some- 
 
1892] YORK LAID WASTE, WELLS ATTACKED 79 
 
 where, proceeded to fit it with a shield of planks in 
 front made bullet-proof. As many savages as it would 
 Hold then got into it, and when the tide had left the 
 vessels aground, a score or more of their comrades be- 
 gan pushing their ingenious machine out toward the 
 helpless craft, under the direction of the conv«, hom. 
 Frenchman La Brognerie. It was thus om. 
 
 moved some distance when it stuck fast in the soft mud 
 of the creek. La Brognerie put his shoulder to the 
 wheel, to lift it, when a shot fired by Captain Stcrer 
 from the garrison laid him dead on the spot. Another, 
 who took La Brognerie's place at the wheel, fell a 
 moment later, pierced by a bullet fired from the sloop. 
 The machine remained immovable. As the tide rose 
 It overset, so exposing those within it to a galling 
 fire from the sloops, by which several more lost their 
 lives while running to cover. When night put an end 
 to the fighting, Storer's men had eveiy where more than 
 held their own. 
 
 Throughout the night, the savages kept up a drop- 
 ping fire, designed to keep the besieged on the alert, and 
 so wear them out. They lay so near, that the firing 
 was interspersed with harmless banterings on both sides 
 " Who are your commanders ? » a voice in the darkness 
 called out. The reply quickly came back, " We have a 
 great many commanders." " You lie," retorted the first 
 speaker, « You have none but Converse, and we'll have 
 him, too, before morning." 
 
 ^ In the morning the besiegers gathered together for a 
 hnal and decisive assault, and at a given signal they 
 made another blind rush for the stockade, firing their 
 guns and yelling like so many demons let loose. Con- 
 verse exhorted his men to stand firm. One man only, 
 
 IWi! f 
 
 l| I ! 
 
80 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1888 
 
 intimidated by the fearful outcries around him, stam- 
 mered out some words about surrendering, upon which 
 Converse threatened him with instant death if he dared 
 breathe that word again. A rapid discharge of musketry 
 was kept up from the loopholes, the empty guns being 
 passed back to the stout-hearted women of the garrison, 
 who loaded and handed them over to their male defender^ 
 again; some even firing away at the savages as un- 
 dauntedly as the men. The assailants could not long 
 stand before so hot a fire, on open ground, and gradu- 
 ally broke away to cover again. 
 
 Exasperated by repeated failures, the savages next 
 made their most dangerous attempt upon the sloops, 
 now lying lashed together for mutual protection out in the 
 stream. A fire-raft was hurriedly put together, the com- 
 bustibles lighted, the raft shoved oflf from the shore and 
 left to drift down upon the vessels with the tide. The 
 same fatality attended this effort as the others. A puff 
 of wind drove the blazing mass against the bank, whore 
 it burned harmlessly out. 
 
 Force having failed, the discouraged besiegers reeorted 
 to stratagem. A flag was sent to demand a surrender. 
 Ensign HiU went out to meet it. When the message 
 was brought to Converse, he returned for an answer, 
 "that he wanted nothing but men to come and fight 
 him." The wrathful envoys retorted the threat to cut 
 the English " as small as tobacco " before morning. Con- 
 verse then broke off the conference with a brusque invi- 
 tation to make haste, for he wanted work. The savage, 
 who held the flag, then dashed it to the ground in a 
 rage, and ran off one way, while Ensign Hill ran another, 
 each one eager to get under cover as quickly as possible. 
 It was weU for HiU that he took the alarm when he did. 
 
im YORK LAID WASTE, WELLS ATTACKED 81 
 
 for a number of shots were fired at him from an am- 
 bush treacherously contrived bj the sayages, in case 
 ti^eir demand was refused. Thauks to fleetness of foot, 
 Hill got into the garrison unhurt. 
 
 This incident ended the siege. After putting their 
 one captive, John Diamond, to death with excruciating 
 tortures the discomfited crew of white and red savaZ 
 slunk silently away between dark and daylight, lea W 
 some of their unburied dead behind them.^ 
 
 » 00NTBa.OBABT authorities tor theattocka on York and Wella. a™ w.^k , ., 
 nalia; Charlevolx'n Xeto Vmnr^ . ni, , ^ *" Mather'a Mag- 
 
 d 
 
 111 11 
 
REBUILDING OF PEMAQUID TO TREATY OF 1693 
 
 May, 1692— August, 1698 
 
 Thus far the war had been conducted under aU the 
 difficulties arising from an unsettled form of govern- 
 ment. Self-preservation had, indeed, united all the 
 people in a common effort against the common enemy. 
 There was, however, an active undercurrent of social 
 unrest, touching their political future, which now and 
 again bubbled up to the surface, keeping the minds of 
 all men in a state of dread and suspense highly injuri- 
 ous to interests of every sort. Since the accession of 
 Wilham to the throne of England the people had lived 
 m hopes of having their old charters restored. All un- 
 certainty was now set at rest by the arrival of Sir Will- 
 iam Phips, with a new charter, in May, 1692. ^ The 
 king, in his wisdom, had appointed Phips to be gov- 
 ernor, not unwilling, it would seem, to set a limit to the 
 sirw.Phip demands of the old Puritan party, with 
 governor. ^^om it is clear that he had much less 
 
 sympathy than was generally supposed. William was 
 a deep politician. In Phips, for whose rugged honesty 
 and personal bravery the king probably had a sincere 
 liking, he saw an entering wedge likely to divide the 
 
 > May 14. 1698, «' Sir William arrives on the Nonsnch frigHte. Candles liRhted before 
 he gets into the town- house." Sewall Papers, I. . 356. News of his being made goTcmor 
 reached Boston late in January. 
 
1092-1693] THE REBUILDING OP PBMAQUID 33 
 
 Strong repubUcan sentiment of New England, and by 
 that sign to conquer. For certainly William had no 
 
 more sympathy with repnblicanism than his predeces- 
 sors. It was his trade to be king. 
 
 The new charter went into effect at once. By its pro- 
 visions a^l the old traditions were swept away with a 
 strokeof thepen. It was in entire accord with the spirit 
 which had brought about this sweeping political chLe 
 that the new governor should himself be the obedient 
 creature of the royal favor. 
 
 Sir William found everything in the utmost confusion. 
 As If the calamities of war were not enough, a new and 
 secret enemy, intangible as the air itself, yet scattering 
 its deadly poison broadcast, so that all who breathed 
 the infection quickly yielded to its noxious effects, was 
 terrorizing the community beyond all beUef. It was not 
 the Ignorant alone, but also the wise, the learned, and 
 deeply pious who fell before this astonish- th. .*L.. 
 mg delusion. In Februaiy of this year ^'^'"^T 
 the fatal witchcraft delirium had broken out and was 
 now at Its height. The most abject, unreasoning fears 
 were pressing heavily upon the hearts of the people. 
 Phips feared nothing in human shape, but was ill- 
 equipped for an encounter with demons. It is no won- 
 der, then that he should prefer the horrors of war to the 
 
 udges and ministers of the Gospel to deal with th^ de- 
 lusion Su- William forthwith set himself to straighten- 
 mg out the military situation with his customarr energy 
 Moreover, the state of affairs on the eastern frontiS 
 was such as to demand immediate attention. 
 
 Bealizmg its importance, the king had directed the 
 rebuildmg of the fort at Pemaquid at once, first to re- 
 
 if 
 
 It 
 I® 
 
 
 ll'il 
 
84 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [im-im 
 
 cover lost ground, next to hold the Indians in check 
 and lastly to reassert the English claim to so much at 
 least of the territory in dispute between the two crowns.* 
 It was, as Hutohinson points out, a very ill-advised 
 measure, Pemaquid being too remote to come within 
 any well-digested plan of defence. He might have 
 added that its very remoteness was one of the strongest 
 reasons for attacking it, as it could not be reinforced 
 except by sea. 
 
 Turning a de^f ear, however, to the grumbling which 
 the proposal met vith, chiefly on account of the enor- 
 mous expense, Phips at once vigorously set about the 
 work cut out for him. He immediately summoned the 
 ever-faithful Church to his aid, levied several hundred 
 men with dispatch, made Church his second in com- 
 mand, and set sail for Pemaquid early in August. On 
 Pemoquid the Way there the expedition put into Fal- 
 
 rebuiK. mouth, interred the remains of the dead 
 
 who had lain there unburied since the sacking of the 
 place by Portneuf, took off the great guns, and then 
 proceeded to its final destination. Phips's operations 
 were greatly facilitated by the undivided authority which 
 had passed to him by the new charter, Plymouth 
 Massachusetts, Maine, and Nova Scotia being now un- 
 der one government. 
 
 rfll"^" !°? w«8 supposed to cover the Kenneboc, DamariBootta, and 9ome other small 
 feofaially kept ont of those rivers for the future. But this would demand a garrison 
 
 chuaette to maintain such a garrison as the professed objects required. But the3 
 
 cotfat ^t! ' T' I'l'"'"" •"*' " "^'"''" ^'^^^'c i'nPoSnce in the ZfT,^ 
 court at a time when fortifications were the rage in Europe. For further particular! 
 
 tiers of the New Eiiglam Coast ; ThA Phu-Ti ee Coast, etc. 
 
le^-i^W] 
 
 THE RBBUILDING OF PEMAQUID 
 
 86 
 
 Upon his arrival at Pematiuitl, Phii)8 inmiediatoly set 
 part of his force to work building the fort, while, with 
 the rest, Church started off to harass the enemy in that 
 quarter. Doubtless a secondary purpose was to keep 
 them from finding out what was going on at Pemaquid. 
 In the execution of his ordere Church first looked into 
 the Penobscot, and afterward went up the Kennebec as 
 far as Teconnet, where the Indians set fire to their fort 
 and fled to the woot's at his approach. 
 
 Meanwhile work on the new fort was being pushed 
 forward with the greatest vigor, and, on its completion, 
 it was given the name of William Henry.* It was 
 strongly built of stone, and armed with the heaviest 
 guns then to be had— eighteen-pouuders. Mather com- 
 putes that above two thousand cart-loads N,„e<i 
 of stone were used in laying up the walls, wiiiiam Henry. 
 Leaving sixty men, under Captain March, to garrison 
 it, Phips ordered the remainder back to Boston, well 
 satisfied with having, at last, put an iron cuib upon the 
 ambitious projects of his old enemy. Count Frontenac. 
 
 It was while the attention of every one was drawn to 
 the eastern frontier that a series of unlooked for attacks 
 broke out in the west again. At Lancaster, on July 
 18, 1692, a marauding party entered the house of Pe- 
 ter Joslin, while he was away at work, and butchered the 
 whole family. When Joslin came home Lamauter 
 
 he found his wife, his three children, and "»•<•«<*• 
 
 a widow Whitcomb, who lived with him, lying in their 
 blood, all having been tomahawked by the savages.* A 
 similar onslaught was made on Billerica, August 1st. It 
 
 > Fob a dmoription in detail see Mather's Mngnalia, II., 686; or Decennium Lve- 
 tuosum, p. 81. 
 
 > Habbinotom'8 Century Sermon. 
 
 
86 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND (1692-1608 
 
 itt known that six persons hero, belonging to two fami- 
 hos, were killed at this time, the victims being Ann, the 
 nitorte. wife of Zachary 8hed, and their two chil- 
 
 dren, Agnes and Hannah ; Joanna, the wife 
 of Benjamin Dutton, and two of her children by a for- 
 mer marriage, Mary and Benoni Dunldu. The records 
 touching this event are quite meagre, but the list of vic- 
 tims shows that probably not more than two houses 
 were assaulted at this time. Brookfield also was visited 
 at nearly the same time, on the same murderous errand.' 
 Ji%"'*"' ^^® ^^* victims were Joseph Wolcot's 
 
 ^ '^' wife and two daughters, who hid them- 
 
 selves m the bushes, but were discovered and slain, 
 Wolcot himself escaping, with another child, to a dis- 
 tant g^son. The house of one Mason was entered 
 while the family were at dinner. Mason and one or iwo 
 of his children slain, and Mrs. Mason and her infant 
 carried off. Thomas and Daniel Lawrence, two brothers 
 also were taken prisoners, Thomas being soon after killed 
 for having deceived his captors with respect to the num- 
 ber of men in the town. Meantime a messenger had 
 gone to Springfield for assistance. A company under 
 Captain Colton set out in pursuit of the raiders. Mrs. 
 Masons infant was found knocked in the head and 
 thrown into the bushes. Following the fresh tracks, the 
 pursuers came upon the Indians' camp, which they had 
 surrounded with a brush fence. The avengers of blood 
 waited until daybreak and then fell upon the camp, kill- 
 mg fourteen or fifteen of the savages,^ rescuing Daniel 
 Lawrence and Mrs. Mason, putting the rest of the sav- 
 
1«»-1«»J THE REBUILDING OF PBMAQUID 
 
 87 
 
 ages to flight, and capturing some of the plunder left 
 behind in their haste. 
 
 During these troublesome times, John Nelson, a 
 prominent merchant of Boston, had been taken prisoner 
 whUe making a trading voyage to the 8t. John Biver, 
 and carried to Quebec.^ 
 
 It chanced that, in the course of these wars. Nelson 
 had shown some kindness to certain French prisoners 
 of rank, and now that the fortune of war had placed 
 him in the same situation, his former conduct was re- 
 membered to his advantage. Frontenao j.Ndwn 
 lodged him in the chateau, gave him a seat •^••»- 
 at his own table, and though keeping a strict eye on his 
 prisoner, behaved like a generous enemy toward him. 
 
 Nelson spoke French fluently, had some knowledge of 
 Indian dialects, was quick and observant, intelligent and 
 penetrating. He had been in Quebec before ; knew all 
 the ins and outs of the place ; had a heart to feel for 
 the sufferings of others; and as the city was then 
 crowded with oui- poor prisoners, dragged thither by 
 the savages, Nelson humanely set himself to relieving 
 their wants as far as lay in his power. 
 
 From such a man what was going on around him could 
 not long remair. hidden. In the first place, two ships 
 of war arrived from France. Instead of unloading they 
 began taking on board cannon and provisions. Then, 
 a number of Indian chiefs were daily coming to Quebec, 
 to receive presents and to have a talk with their French 
 father, as Frontenac was staled by them. Among these 
 was the Penobscot sachem, Madockawando, who was 
 well known to Nelson. 
 
 By making good use of his eyes and ears Nelson soon 
 
 » Nblboh was Uken in October, 1691, with Colonel Tyng and John Alden, Jr. 
 
 II I 
 
 I 11 
 
88 THE B0RDB5R WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1692-1693 
 
 learned bejond a doubt that a formidable expedition 
 was getting ready to capture Pemaquid, the new English 
 fortress commanding tbi coasts of Acadia; and after- 
 ward to ravage all the New England coast beyond. 
 
 In all probability his friends and kinsfolk were com- 
 pletely Ignorant of the blow about to fall upon them 
 In the course of some talk he held with Madockawando 
 Nelson drew enough from the wily savage to be con- 
 ^nced that it was meant to be the heaviest stroke that 
 JNew England had ever known. 
 
 From this moment Nelson could think of nothmg but 
 how to warn his friends of their danger. His decision 
 was quickly take^ to attempt i^. at all risks. Bui how to 
 do this seasonably, and without drawing suspicion upon 
 aimself, was a matter so beset with difficulties on every 
 side cl: .t almost any other man would have despaired of 
 success. ^ 
 
 Tnough not restrained of his personal liberty, Nelson 
 was closely watched by an attendant. He was not per- 
 mitted to write letters. Once, indeed, thi^ vigilant at- 
 tendant, m reality a spy upon him, had surprised Nelson 
 
 ?IlnJe?.c ^° *^^ ''^^^ ''^ writing and had taken away 
 
 Ton nac his inkhom. However, whore there's a will 
 
 there a a w,iy ; 30, under the plea of illness. Nelson man- 
 aged to write a letter in bed, at ,.uch odd moments as 
 could be sixatched from this coiintant espionage. When 
 he herrci the attendant coming he would hide his unfin- 
 ished letter imder the bedclothes. 
 
 His neYt c^re was to find a messenger or messengers. 
 This was done by bribing two soldiers to desert, who 
 mcceedeu m making their way first to Albany and then 
 to Boston, thus disclosi-g Frontenac's favorite project in 
 time to admit of Btrengthenmg the garrison ot Pema- 
 
/OHM msiaas. 
 
 if 
 
 I im 
 
 X 
 
 11 ! 
 
 1 1' 
 
 M 
 
 ^ : 
 
 11 !1 
 
 ! I'mi 
 
 fjl i 
 llijllii 
 
 I 
 
00 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1692-1698 
 
 quid; so that when the two ships-of-war did arrive 
 before it the commander judged the place too strong to 
 be attacked. t 
 
 As this descent had been carefully planned in France 
 Louis was very wroth when he heard how completely it 
 had failed, and Frontenao received a reprimand that 
 stung him to the quick. 80 when Frontenac was in- 
 formed of Nelson's share in thwarting his well-laid plans, 
 as he presently was by the recapture of the two deserters) 
 his anger was aroused against the man who had dared 
 thus to beard him in his own stronghold. And the pen- 
 alty exacted savored both of fear and revenge. These 
 feelings were no doubt aggravated by the King's reproof 
 for having treated Nelson with so much consideration. 
 He was now to experience treatment of a far different 
 nature. 
 
 Nelson was therefore shipped off to France as a state 
 prisoner of the most dangerous character. He was first 
 thrown into a dungeon of the Chateau Angouleme, where, 
 for two years, he was aUowed to see no one except the 
 gaoler, who brought his food to the grating of his cell. 
 He might have died there, unpitied and unknown if a 
 visitor, from motives of curiosity, had not one' day 
 huhe stopped at his grating to ask if he could 
 
 do anything for him. Nelson entreated 
 that his friends in England might be informed of his 
 situation. This was done, with the result f hat a demand 
 soon came back for Nelson's release or exchange. Al- 
 though the demand was ignored, it proved the means of 
 getting Nelson transferred to the Bastile, at Paris, in 
 which formidable fortress he was confirvl for two and 
 a half years more. 
 
 After many grievous disappointments. Nelson at last 
 
THE REBUILDING OP PBMAQUID 
 
 91 
 
 got leave to go over to England, on his parole, upon giving 
 a bond m a large sum for his return. This was generously 
 
 TH« BASTILX, IJJ THB TDCB OF IMVU XIV. 
 
 furnished by a French gentleman. Nelson then crossed 
 the channel to England. Upon hearing his story, the 
 king laid his commands upon Nelson not to go back to 
 
 'tft 
 
 1 1 111 
 
 
92 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1692-1698 
 
 France. With a feeling which does him honor, Nelson 
 disobeyed the order, recrossed the channel and gave 
 himself up, thus redeeming his pledges. Peace being 
 declared, Nelson was set at liberty. Broken in health, 
 he returned to his family aiter an absence of ten years, 
 during which he had dared and suffered as few men 
 have for love of country.^ 
 
 The vigorous measures inaugurated by Governor Phips 
 brought a season of respite to the long-suffering inhab- 
 itants of the eastern frontiers. Except some minor 
 depredations committed by small scalping parties at 
 Oyster Biver,'* and Quaboag,^ the spring and summer of 
 1693 were passed in comparative quiet. Meanwhile, 
 the indefatigable Major, Converse, with four or five 
 hundred men, was ranging up and down the eastern 
 country, from Piscataqua to Pemaquid, and from the 
 coast as far up the Kennebec as Teconnet,^ keeping 
 the Indians continually on the move, and thus prevent- 
 ing their assembling in any force for their customary 
 raids. 
 
 With the active entrance of the French into the war, 
 by sea as well as by land, the old timber stockades of 
 former times had outlix ^d their usefulness. Forts for 
 sea^coast defence now began to be built with the view of 
 resisting the heavy artillery of ships of war. Pemaquid 
 announced this new departure from the primitive 
 
 « It 18 uncertain juBt how fur Nelson's information was effective in this matter His 
 letter, dated at Quebec, August 26th and 27th, mentions Wells, the Isles of Shoals and 
 Piscataqua, as the places to be ravaged. News of the rebuilding of Pemaquid might 
 not have reaoned him so soon, though it was undoubtedly known to Prontenac. Nnl- 
 son's letter arrived at Boston about September 26th, in ample time to strengthen Pema- 
 quid before Iberville came before it, in October. Charlevoix is positive that Nelson's 
 agency frustrated the design. Hutchinson (Vol. 11.. p. «8), while quoting Charlevoix 
 aays this is a mistake. Whether the authorities saw fit to act upon it or not, in nowise 
 lessens the value of Nelson's warning. 
 
 * DVBBAIL N. H. 
 
 • Bbooe?! 
 
 I Mass. 
 
 WAxsktii, 
 
 TII.I.E, aax. 
 
1692-1698] THE REBUILDING OP PEMAQUID 
 
 98 
 
 methods which, at need, had so easUy converted a 
 common dwelling-house into a fortress. During this 
 summer another strong work was built in portatSMo 
 Maine, near the site of Phillips's old garri- f«m». 
 
 son, at the falls of the Saco,^ and at the head of ship navi- 
 gation on this river, designed partly to cover the Saco 
 settlements and partly as a trading-post, as a means of 
 drawing the Indians of this region away from the French 
 to the English interest, by furnishing them with better 
 and cheaper goods than the French did. 
 
 Dismayed by the failure at Pemaquid, alarmed at see- 
 ing one avenue after another to the coast being steadily 
 closed against them, of their own accord the hostile 
 tribes now sued for peace. As the English were only 
 too glad to meet them half way, a treaty was soon 
 signed by some thirteen of the principal chiefs, by which 
 they bound themselves not to commit any PMcewith 
 hostile acts for the future ; but to be true indUuw. 
 
 and faithful subjects to the King of England. Five Ind- 
 ian hostages were delivered as a pledge of good faith ; 
 and to all appearances, the blessings of peace were now 
 to blot out the ravages of war. This treaty was 
 signed and sealed at Pemaquid, August 11, 1693, be- 
 tween Phips and the chief sagamores of the eastern 
 tribes. 
 
 » Ix WAS an Irregular pentagon, with a towei.-ffutcMnMon. It Btood six mUes from 
 the BOB. in what is now the Laoonia Company's premiaes, In Biddeford. 
 
 ■m 
 
XI 
 
 DURHAM DESTROYED 
 
 July 18, 1694 
 
 Thus, unexpectedly, the war seemed to have worn it- 
 self out. To both parties it promised a much needed 
 season of respite. But beneath this calm, there lurked 
 the gathering storm. In Canada, news of the treaty 
 caused real consternation, as well it might. The French 
 were alarmed for fear that the New England tribes 
 T>«j2^.tarni. would finally go over to the English, if the 
 peace should hold, thus defeating the policy 
 as crafty as it was cruel, of sacrificing the miserable Abe- 
 nakis to the vain hope of regaining what was clearly lobt 
 to them forever. When the weapon had grown too dull 
 for further use, it would be cast away. But, meantime, 
 this living barrier to Canada must not be broken down 
 Instructed by their superiors, the French missionaries 
 domesticated among the Kennebec and Penobscot tribes 
 now set themselves vigorously to work to break off the 
 truce. The first step was to dispose of any lingering 
 scruples on the score of conscience or honor ; otherwise 
 even these rude barbarians, if left to themselves, might 
 VHiteu's have hesitated. They were told that to 
 
 break faith with heretics was no sin. The 
 ground being thus prepared, an oflScer, named Villieu » 
 went about from village to viUage, urging these tribe's 
 
 • OoMMANDAirT Rt Penobscot. 
 
16M] 
 
 DURHAM DBSTKOYBD 
 
 90 
 
 to dig up the hatchet again. Large presente were given 
 them ; they were flattered, feasted, and cajoled to their 
 Heart s content; old wrongs were artfnUy dwelt upon 
 until the slumbering embers of rage and hate flamed up 
 again with tenfold fury. A generous supply of brandy 
 aid the rest. "^ 
 
 All this time the desolated border was enjoying a 
 season of long-wished-for repose, of thrice happy reHef 
 from that state of care and watehfuhiess which had 
 made life on the border not worth living. Once indeed 
 the New Hampshire settlers were on the point of aban- 
 domng the province in despair. They were now told 
 to go about their usual vocations without fear. 
 
 It is true that some mutterings of the coming storm 
 Had led to certain precautionary measures. Permanent 
 gwnsons were now established in Amesburjr, Haverhill 
 BiUenca (including Tewksbury), Chelmsford, Dun- 
 stable Groton and Marlborough. To prevent the deser- 
 tion of the frontier, the General Court, in March 1694 
 enacted a law, providing that if any person ha^g a 
 freehold m the towns named should desert the same 
 during tae war, his estate should be forfeited 
 naa^l '"^ *]»i« state of false security the midsummer of 
 1694 found the inhabitants of New Hampshire. Their 
 villages were mostly widely scattered farms, growing just 
 a httle more compact toward the central part, where the 
 bare, barn- hke meeting-house stood, like a shepherd 
 tendmg his flock. For famiUes so dispersed there 
 could be no central rallying point. Every man must 
 defend his own home as best he might. Nothing was 
 more easy, then, than for a numerous enemy to cut off 
 each dwelling from its neighbor. 
 
 a,rv«, Oavcc-v* Dy iiuj enorcs oi tlie mission- 
 
 I 
 
 P 
 
96 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [leM 
 
 aries, had prevailed. Casting the treaty to the winds, 
 Madockawando and Moxus, of Penobscot, declared for 
 war. Portions of the Penobscots, Norridgewocks, and 
 Maquoits, with a sprinkling of warriors from the tribes 
 farther east, were out on the war-path again. 
 
 The three hundred warriors, thus scraped together 
 by Villieu, had singled out the pretty little village of 
 Oyster River, now Durham,^ N. H., for fire and slaughter. 
 No hint of their murderous intent had reached that 
 Treaty peaceful Settlement, although some few 
 
 broken. Indians had been seen lurking in the 
 
 neighborhood; but their presence had provoked no 
 distrust, as they had disappeared without doing any 
 mischief. These were really scouts sent on ahead to get 
 exact information how best to assault the place. 
 
 Scattered along the high grounds were some twelve 
 garrison-houses, enough to have sheltered all of the in- 
 habitants, if warned in season. Most of them, how- 
 ever, not dreammg of danger so near, slept in their own 
 houses, instead of going to the garrisons at night. And 
 there being no suspicion, a loose watch was kept. 
 
 The settlement stretched out some miles along both 
 banks of Oyster River, clustering thickest about the 
 falls, where John Dean's saw-mill stood, with the meet- 
 ing-house occupying a gentle eminence just beyond; 
 and where also the roads, east and west, came together. 
 The country round is pleasingly rolled about in low 
 hills, then well wooded, rendering the approach of an 
 enemy all the more easy. 
 
 Villieu reached the vicinity undiscovered on Tuesday 
 evening, July 17, 1694. He halted near the falls till 
 after dark, then divided his followers into two bands, 
 
 ' FiBST forming a part of Dover. 
 
lOM] 
 
 DURHAM DESTROYED 
 
 07 
 
 one taking the south and the other the north side of the 
 nver, so as to make a clean sweep of the whole settle- 
 ment. Bomazeen went with the Indians p^.^^ 
 told off to the south side, while Captain «iertfiy«i. 
 Nathaniel put himself at the head of those on the north 
 The two bands then broke up into parties of eight or 
 
 WOOD3IAK GABBIBON, DUBHAM. N. H. 
 
 ten each, in order to faU on as many houses as possible 
 at once, as soon as it should be light. 
 
 Had this plan succeeded, it is probable that a much 
 greater loss of life would have been the result. 
 
 It chanced, however, that John Dean had planned to 
 go on a journey that morning. He had risen early and 
 was just leaving his house, near his mill, when he was 
 seen, fired at, a >d killed on the spot. The alarm was thus 
 given before some of the assailants had reached their 
 7 
 
98 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [lOM 
 
 designated stations, giving some families time to seek 
 safety in flight, or to stand on their defence, as their 
 fears or their courage prompted them. 
 
 At the signal the Indians fell with fury upon the 
 settlement, and the butchery began. 
 
 Each house has its own sickening tale to tell. There 
 was Uttle or no fighting. It was all downright butch- 
 ery. At each the same course was pursued. The 
 savages surrounded it, beat down the doors, and rushed 
 m upon the startled inmates, awakened from slumber to 
 see a dozen painted assassins menacing them with instant 
 death. The men were mostly tomahawked on the spot 
 the women, torn shrieking from their hiding-places' 
 dragged away to endure a captivity but little better than' 
 death itself. 
 
 John Dean's death has been mentioned. His house 
 was quickly assaulted. Mrs. Dean, with her little 
 daughter, was seized and taken two miles up the river 
 where they were left in charge of an old Indian, whUe 
 the captors went off to perform other exploits. The old 
 savage, who spoke a Uttle broken English, complained 
 nn. Dtmn', of having a bad headache, and asked Mrs 
 •**P*- Dean what he should do for it. Seeing 
 
 him have a bottle of rum, the poor woman told him to - 
 dnnk that and it would cure him. The savage, nothing 
 loth, drank freely, and soon feU fast asleep. The 
 prisoners immediately fled to the woods, where they 
 lay hid until night, when, finding all quiet, they plucked 
 up the courage to return home. A heap of blackened 
 ruins was all that was left of it. The fugitives then 
 found a canoe, in which they paddled down the river to 
 I-ieutenant Bumham's garrison, where they again found 
 themselves among friends. 
 
i0M] 
 
 DURHAM DBSTROYBD 
 
 Of course the garrisons were especiaUy marked for 
 destruction. Jones's was one of the first to be attacked 
 Awakened, just before day, by the barking of his dogs' 
 he went out to see if the wolves were not prowlinR 
 about hw hog-pen. Finding nothing wrong Uiere, he 
 turned back to the house. StiU uneasy, he climbed up 
 into a flanker, and sat down on the wall to j„„„ 
 
 listen. He was hardly seated when the -dventorJ! 
 llaah of a gun lighted up the gray twilight. Upon the 
 impulse of the moment Jones threw himself back- 
 ward, and drew his body up into a heap. The move- 
 ment saved his life, as the bullet struck in the place he 
 had just quitted. Finding the people here on their 
 guard, the Indians drew oflf aiter firing a few shots out 
 of spite. 
 
 Adams's garrison made no resistance. Fourteen per- 
 sons were kiUed here. Drew surrendered on the prom- 
 we of having his life spared, but was immediately slain. 
 His nme-year-old boy was then made to run the gaunt- 
 let of a double file of Indians who, at length, despatched 
 him with their hatchets. Thomas Edgerly and his son 
 both wounded, made their escape by taking to their 
 boat, and paddling off down the river. Beard's and 
 Header's also were abandoned, making in all five gar- 
 risons taken without firing a shot. The remaining 
 seven resisted every assault, although one or two had 
 narrow escapes from capture. At Burnham's,^ where the 
 gate carelessly had been left open over night, the in- 
 mates barely secured it in time to save themselves from 
 a surprise. 
 
 Thomas Bickford saved his ganison with rare courage 
 and address. It stood near the river, surrounded by 
 
 » Th« bousk in which Mrs. Dean took shelter. 
 
 •,v ifl 
 
 ; i 
 i 
 I', . 
 
 1 
 Nil! 1 
 
 si if 
 
 ' 
 
 il 
 
 1 f 
 
 :iJJ 
 
100 THE BOttDKR W.iRS OF NBW ENGLAND [1(KM 
 
 the usual palisade. Hearing tlie alarm, he sent oflf his 
 family in a boat, shut his gate, took down his gun, and 
 stood on his defence, resolved to risk his life for hig 
 homestead. Soon the house was surrounded. He was 
 Bkkford'a urged to surrender ; then threatened. But 
 
 '^"**- promises and threats alike failed to bring 
 
 the wary Bickford out of hrs fortress. His only reply 
 was to tire at his besiegers as fast as he could load his 
 gun, showing himself first at one loophole, then at 
 another, always in a different hat or cap, and shouting 
 out his orders as if there were a number of men in the 
 garrison with him. Deceived by these artifices, the 
 Indians withdrew to some easier conquest, leaving the 
 brave Bickford master of the property ho had so ably 
 defended. "^ 
 
 As each house was carried it was set on fire, until 
 some twenty, or half the settlement, were blazing at 
 once, over the mutilated bodies of their inmates. 
 
 While the Indians were thus rioting in fire and 
 slaughter. Father Thury, their chaplain and father- 
 confessor, made his way into the Puritan meeting-house, 
 where he amused himself by writing with chalk upon 
 the pulpit what was probably meant as a waminf to all 
 heretics to beware how they provoked the just auger of 
 heaven in future. Unfortunately, the purport of the 
 message is not preserved. 
 
 Having completed their bloody work as far as possi- 
 ble, the scattered bands now came together again at the 
 falls, whence they presently moved off in a body to 
 assault Woodman's garrison,^ which stood a little out 
 
 1..H ^i" ;*'"«"""° structure, built by John Woodman about 1670, wan atlU standing a 
 Httle off the Madburyroad when the above was writt-n. Within thirty day. after 
 iny visit to it, nothing was left but the tall chimney-stack, it having been burned to 
 the ground on November 9, 1896. It was one of thebaac ,« .r .d specimens of ita 
 
Ifl04] 
 
 DURHAM DESTROYED 
 
 101 
 
 of the village on a conimaiuling eminonce overlooking 
 the whole course of the nioruiug'H bloody work. 
 Finding Woodman preparecl to give them woodm-n-. 
 u warm reception, and fearing that the Crrtoon. 
 
 country people would soon rally to attack them, the 
 assaUants drew off, after hearing mass for their victory, 
 
 BUINS 0» WOODVAN OABRISOK. 
 
 with iiijovr priso^oi's and booty. Only one man of them 
 had been wounded, as they report. 
 
 They left Durham a shambles. Not far from a hun- 
 
 tJme to be found in New England. The «it.,ation U superb, overlooking the country 
 for miles around. On . beautiful woode<l knoll to the south rest the remains of 
 jen generations of the Woodman fam.ly, from Joh i Woodman, the earliest occupant 
 of these grounds, in 1659, to the latest in 1868. 
 
 ',i I !| 
 
102 
 
 THE BOBDBR WAHS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 am 
 
 dred inoffensive persons had been shot down or toma- 
 hawked, in cold blood.^ About thirty were led away 
 into captivity. For six miles up and down both sides 
 of th^ nver the place was in a maimer laid wm.te. 
 Iwenty dwellings wero burned to the ground and many 
 cattle wantonly killed. The survivors were aghast at 
 the scone of desolation around them, and a great dread 
 feU upon the country far and near. 
 
 All, however, was not yet ended. The tale of blood 
 was to have its bloody sequel. While the enemy's 
 main body was making good its retreat, a picked band, 
 led by the chief Moxus, not satisfied with the carnage 
 just committed at Durham, struck off toward the Mer- 
 iimac in search of more victims. A small party first 
 cropsed the Piscataqua, where they feU upon some farm 
 laborers who were at work in the hay fields without a 
 guard, and killed Mrs. Ursula Cutts, widow of the late 
 chief magistrate of New Hampshire, with three others 
 
 Avoidmg the settlements lying farther to the west, 
 the crafty Moxus now made a large detour, crossed the 
 Memmac unperceived, and after making such a march 
 as only savages out on the war-path are capable of, on 
 the 27th of July, at daybreak, made a determined 
 assault upon Groton, Mass., some thirty -two miles 
 SSon '*'**" ^^^"^ Boston. At Lieutenant Lakin's gar- 
 *"• rison the assailants were handsomely re- 
 
 pulsed but m the scattered parts of the village, where 
 the inhabitants were taken wholly unawares, twenty-two 
 persons were killed and thirteen carried off into captiv- 
 %. Of one family of Longleys, the father, mother, and 
 
 104 aa the number slain.- ViUieu ^ TmZZ' ^f/J^'^f '::jr'~"«"' »"« «''^1'"' 
 
1694] 
 
 DURHAM DESTROYED. 
 
 103 
 
 fiTe children were slain on the spot, and three children 
 taken captives.* 
 
 This audacious blow, struck, as it were, within reach 
 of the most populous parts of the province, brought the 
 dread possibilities of the war home to every man's door. 
 Having regard to its intimidating effects, it was, from 
 the enemy's standpoint, much the most bnlliant exploit 
 so far of which they could boast. 
 
 It is supposed that this was the same band of 
 marauders, who, at their returning, slew three persons 
 at Spruce Creek (Eliot), one at York, and eight more at 
 Kittery. These murders happened between August 
 20th and 24th. No loss worth mentioning had been 
 inflicted in return. 
 
 Deep exasperation followed these wanton acts, yet it 
 was the old story told over again. Truth to say, the 
 English, or those who had the management of civil and 
 military affairs, seem always to have been dull in esti- 
 mating the value of Indian treaties or the Indian 
 character, and presumed too much upon pledges of no 
 more real worth than the scratch of a bear's paw. But 
 the Indians had dealt their blow, and were now waiting 
 to see the result of the storm they had so unexpectedly 
 raised. 
 
 » Th» town has since caused a monument to be erected to their memory on iae 
 site of their old home. One of the surviving daughters, Lydia, was baptized in the 
 Roman Catholic faith, in Canada. John, a boy of twelve, was ransomed, bnt four 
 years of savnge life had so won upon him that he had to be brought away by force. 
 Betty, another daughter, died in captivity. 
 
 Ill 
 
 I 
 
\ 
 
 A YEAR OF DISASTERS 
 
 1694—1696 
 
 It happened that some of the leaders in the horrid 
 work at Durham had been recognized.' Among the 
 number were the two Doneys,^ of Saoo, who h^ so 
 ^ly put their hands to the broken treaty of Pemaquid. 
 men the noise caused by that afiair had a iittirsub- 
 sided, Bobin Doney, a most hardened wretch, and three 
 more of his comrades, with brazen impudence, samitered 
 into the tort at Saco as if nothing had happened. They 
 i-diuu «i«d. 7®™ ""mediately seized by the command- 
 ing officer's orders. In like manner, Bom- 
 azeen and two others were taken at Pemaquid and sent 
 to Boston, where they were kept in close confinement. 
 Jto™.Kr ^, It IS true that Bomazeen came into the fort 
 tors in ,, ."'"^^'^"•^P'-o'ectionofaflag; bnthiscap- 
 
 TJ^LT ^f^'"""'" *° """""^ ^ redoubtable L 
 
 enemy, were not more disposed to stick at a little de- 
 ception than the Indians themsel.es, with whom sucl 
 artifices were more often a merit than a crime. At any 
 rate, the authorities now considered that they had ob- 
 tamed more substantial security than empty pledges, 
 and the prisoners were accordingly held in close cust^y. 
 
1604-1696] 
 
 A YEAB OP DISASTERS 
 
 for England in order to answer to certain charBeTn™ 
 forred against him thereof official mSTondnTl W 
 absence the conduct of affairs devolved npon itntet^^ 
 Governor Stooghton. who belonged to le !! 
 old wing of the Puritan party, Ihiet t^ "S-ST 
 W ^ ev^te had lately pushed somewhat into the back- 
 p»und. Wh, e waiting for his case to be decided Phing 
 was seized with an illness, of which he died iTpeS 
 
 ^kable for its failures as for its successes, and of a 
 personahtj in which the good and the bad wer^ * 
 
 or wfts not of benefit to his country. 
 The year 1695 was one of comparative quiet. One of 
 
 ntTa^rt^'^ '"'"T"' '^"'' '''^'^ the mdian^Te^' 
 now and then scourged, was again making frightful rav- 
 ages among them This kept them from goigout™ n 
 the war-path, and, it was thought, would Jspie them 
 
 L « ^ "T*™^ ^°' " ^"^"S peace. A^a^y tr 
 the experiment was worth trying. With this view one 
 of the hostages was released, and sent out as a me^latr 
 
 oVthe I^H^w-. ^ *'"'*^ *"«* ^« had been one 
 01 the Apostle Eliot's converts, but had „ 
 
 relapsed into paganism again. Th roSgt "t-;^ 
 
 his influence two captive children were brought to 
 
 Storers gamson at Wells, on May 1st, and severj more 
 
 mthe ..f atrocities at Crrerldrotorw"' ^''^ '"'""^ tri ben concerned 
 only the prisonen, taken, but al«, the chf«f v. \. !" *^'"'"'""'««> ^ "JeHver up not 
 the«, demands Asacambnit of NorwL r*"" ""'' '"''^" P"' "» *"* <»«««"te- To 
 
 the vIoUUon of the fia«. »«„. ,„». ^"1"^^"'"/: '*«"'*'»"«"& 'n unmeasured tenns. 
 venge. * -maqHld ana aaco, «ud breathing nothing but re- 
 
106 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1694-1696 
 
 to Pemaquid on the 20th, with the promise that the 
 rest should be given up within twenty days, at which 
 time they would be ready to make a tr« aty. Commis- 
 sioners therefore met the Indian delegates at the time 
 appointed, at Pemaquid. As a first step the return of 
 all English captives was insisted upon. Not seeing 
 Bomazeen or his fellow-hostages there, whom they had 
 fully expected to get back by an exchange, man for man, 
 the Indians believed they were being cheated, and went 
 off in a pet. 
 
 Notice was immediately despatched to put the frontiers 
 on their guard, and again were the poverty-stricken set- 
 tlers compelled to abandon their own homes, with such 
 little comforts as they were able to command, for the 
 narrow limits of the garrisons, which, indeed, promised 
 safety, if little else. This sort of life, if life it can be 
 called, had now endured for seven years, with only short 
 intervals of repose from the daily and hourly menace of 
 sudden death. Little wonder, then, if a stoical indiffer- 
 ence to danger had grown up out of the habit of always 
 facing it or that a great many lost their lives through 
 sheer recklessness, or worse— as the long list of casualties, 
 occurring between July and November, sufficiently shows. 
 Biiierica. smo, At Kittery, Me., Major Hammond was 
 •nd Pein«iuid. taken prisoner, and carried to Canada ; at 
 Billerica * ten persons were killed, and five carried off 
 into captivity ; at Saco Fort Sergeant Haley was slain ; at 
 
 > This occurred August 6th, in what in now Tewksbury. On that day a number of 
 horsemen were seen approachinff, but were not suspected of being Indians until they 
 surrounded the house of John Rogers. Rogers received a mortal wound from an arrow 
 while in bed and asleep. He woke with a start, withdrew the arrow, and expired. 
 Rogers's son and daughter were taken captive. A woman who was scalped, and left for 
 dead, recovered. Of John Leviston'e family, six were killed and one taken. Dr. Roger 
 Toothaker'B wife was kiHed and his daughter carried oflf. It is said that the Indians 
 bad even tieil up the mouths of the dog« for fear of being betrayed by their barking. 
 
1694-1696] 
 
 A YEAR OP DISASTERS 
 
 107 
 
 Pemaquid » four more were killed and six wounded, out 
 of twenty-four men at work outside the fort. Nine per 
 sons were also captured at Newbuiy, and hurried off into 
 the woods. Being overtaken at their first camp, the 
 marauders, according to their usual custom, Newbury m.. 
 when hard pressed, tomahawked all the trteni 
 
 prisoners on the spot. Strange to say, none were kiUed 
 outnght, though aU subsequently died of their wounds 
 
 INSUN HBAD BBXAKBB. 
 
 except one youth, who luckily received the blow from 
 the hatchet on his shoulder, instead of his head, and so 
 escaped a lingering death. 
 
 Having had several men shot down, while at work 
 outside the fort, the garrison at Pemaquid were in a 
 revengeftil mood. Captain Pascho Chubb had relieved 
 Major March of the command. His quaHfications for 
 so important a post do not appear, yet a strange fatuity 
 seems to have put him there. The sequel was a tragedy 
 m which Chubb showed himself utterly unfitted for the 
 trust committed to him. 
 
 In the month of February, 1696, on a Sunday, a party 
 of Indians came before the fort, with a flag, and de- 
 manded a parley. Chubb and some others went out to 
 meet them. Three noted chiefs, Egeremet, Abenquid, 
 and Moxus, were with the other party. In only one re- 
 spect IS the account of what afterward happened at all 
 clear. The object of demanding the pariey was said to 
 
 » IH September. Hugh Maroh was one of tbe glaln. 
 
 Ill Wi I 
 
108 THB BORDER WARS OP MW BKOLAND lim.im 
 
 U the exchange of prisoners. In view of the late attacks 
 on the garmon, fear of treachery was no doubt upper- 
 c«*«|w.. most in the minds of bo:," parties. Mutual 
 act„«lW ■*<=y"|nation was probable. Yet what 
 
 actually passed is shrouded in mystery. All positively 
 
 %eremet and Abenquid, two as untamed spirits as ever 
 hfted the war-hatchet, we.^ killed on the spot. Two 
 others of the party were slain, and one or mo.« ma^e 
 prisoners.' Moxus freed himself from the grasp oTws 
 enemies and made good his escape. For thus pu ting 
 
 3i censure, perhaps, as Mather naively re- 
 
 marks, because some weU enough liked the thing that 
 was done, although they did not like the m^f er o 
 
 l^h , ^° t'" ""'"' "" " ^^' ^-'^^^ -- - 
 Sess. " ""* *° ''°'"'^'" ^""^ unpardonable 
 It was but natural that the Indians should exact 
 prompt and bloody reparation. With the spring, there- 
 
 s^M^rT '"f °^ '^"''^^ ^S"^' *« K«cataqua 
 ^y^ W "°^ ""^ "*" P'"''""^'" °''i««'» °f tl'e en- 
 
 The densely wooded country around York, Mc, out 
 of which nses the blue dome of Mount Agamenticus 
 was threaded by a lonely horse-path uniting Ihe viS 
 of York and Wells. As Thomas Cole and his wife Abi- 
 mh with two others, were returning home from a visit 
 to York, they were waylaid in these woods. Cole and 
 his wife were shot dead. The othere made good their 
 
ICM-lOW] 
 
 A YBAB OF DI8A8TBB8 
 
 108 
 
 escape. On the 26th of June a large bodr of Tn^i 
 crossed over from Tork Nubble to lyelScI ^^^ 
 canoes hid theiro^oes among the busheT^ "" *"•"" 
 and made a violent assault upon the scat^ *•* •"■ "y 
 toed houses lying some two miles below Portsmouth 
 
 emd left for dead, and four taken. After plundering 
 
 tj:t ^hTretir «-• -' *F^% 
 
 of militia from '^oZoZ^Z^^,i:^tZ\r^. 
 dope of a M, ^ ^at their brealiast ■ tbel^SveTand 
 
 three earned away into captivity. ^ 
 
 While the Piscataqaa settlements were being thus t^r 
 ronzed, a blow waa struck in another <,Z^Zh^ 
 
 Whether tW w» '" "°"' '"^'^' '' «"''''' '^^ardless of 
 wnether they were, or were not, properly manned or 
 
 commanded True, the poverty of the coZy com 
 pe led the stnetest economy to be pmctised, yet all 
 ence to a penny-wise, ponnd-fooUsh policy Lm of a 
 natwe reluctance to spend, lay at the bottom oVl^l a 
 
 dZv ' ^r\"l'?^* ""^ ^^^" "-''^-l- Most s 
 dentlywhJetekmg counsel of their own poverty fte 
 
 Frontenac had only postponed his purpose of takinc 
 Pemaquid at all hazards. EverythL was careft2 
 Plam^ed atQuebec, and ViUebon, aVst. Joh. wlSj 
 
 . Pqh th!e. rcson Biaec- called BreaWaat HiJl ; between Bye and Greenland. 
 
110 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1694-1696 
 
 to lend liis assistance. In July, 1696, a second expedi- 
 tion was despatched against the English fortress. There 
 were two war-ships, commanded by Le Moyne d' Iber- 
 ville and de Bonaventure, and a mixed force of Indians 
 picked up on the way at St. John and Penobscot, com- 
 
 I» THB BAT OF FCKDY. 
 
 manded by the younger St. Castin. In the Bay of Fundy 
 Iberville fell in with two English ships-of-war, sent 
 there to intercept Villebon's supplies. A sharp combat 
 at once took place, in the course of which one of the 
 English vessels, the Newport, was dismasted and taken. 
 The other made her escape in a fog. 
 Having thus rid himself of what might have proved 
 
161)4-1006] 
 
 A YEAR OF DISASTERS 
 
 111 
 
 the ruin Of his attempt then and there, Iberville, after 
 refattiDg his prize, made sail again, and on August Uth 
 tne ships cast anchor before the fort. 
 
 Pemaquid is a peninsula. The' fort stood at the 
 shore, facing the sea. Castin immediately broke ground 
 ir the rear of the fortress, where the cemetery now is 
 thus cutting off communication on the land side. Bat^ 
 teries were also thrown up on the adja- 
 cent islands, with so much industry that tSe"" 
 
 the investment of the place was quickly completed, both 
 by land and sea. 
 
 Captain Chubb was still in command of the fort, with 
 less than p, hundred men to defend it. Incapacity or 
 indifference, it matters little which, had left it in this 
 weak state. 
 
 The besiegers worked so diligently that their batteries 
 were ready to open fire on the afternoon of the next day 
 after landing.^ The fort was then summoned. Chubb 
 retorted defiantly enough, but lost courage upon the ex- 
 plosion of a few shells inside his works, reinforced by a 
 savage threat from Castin to give no quarter, and threw 
 open his gates to the ^W.ed besiegers, who were far from 
 expecting so easy a oo 
 
 Once more the victoiic my dismantled the works 
 
 and threw down the waL , jnstructed with so much 
 labor, yet defended with so little spirit. * 
 
 By the terms of the surrender Chubb and his men 
 were paroled and sent to Boston. So incensed were the 
 Indians against him that the whole garrison, doubtless, 
 would have fallen victims to their fuiy, if Chubb who 
 knew only too well what he might expect from them, 
 
 ,'Jf" '^^^-- ^^° ^"^^ *"" ^*''^ *^" '""^ ^^ »'°'"° among ^uch scenes than in hi. 
 mission, with Father Simon, assisted In this work, each doing his verTbest. 
 
 |i 1 
 
 :! ■ 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 J 
 
113 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1894-1600 
 
 had not stipulated for a safeguard until his men could 
 be embarked. When they reached Boston Chubb was 
 Chubb put promptly put in arrest and lodged in gaol, 
 
 n.rr«t. ^j^^^.^ j^^ j^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ spring, by 
 
 which time the feeling against him had so far cooled 
 that his imprisonment was deemed a sufficient punish- 
 ment, and he was allowed to go to his home at Andover 
 and there hide his disgrace in retirement. ' 
 
 Meanwhile, another expedition was forming at Bos- 
 ton, under Church's command, to go and clear the east- 
 ern frontiers of enemies again. Before it was ready .o 
 move news came that Pemaquid had fallen. That disas- 
 ter redoubled the exertions to get Church to work, for 
 It was thought that the victorious enemy might come to 
 the westward as far as Portsmouth, that place being 
 nearly defenceless against an attack from sea. 
 
 It was soon learned, however, that Iberville's squad- 
 ron had set sail for the eastward instead, after com- 
 pleting the destruction of Pemaquid; so that fears of an 
 attack were removed, only to give place to apprehen- 
 sions that he and his savage allies might now make 
 their escape unscathed. 
 
 It chanced that three men-of-war were then lying idle 
 in Boston harbor. These ships, with two armed mer- 
 chant vessels, and some few land forces, were hurried 
 off in pursuit of Iberville's squadron. It was sighted, 
 but lost again among the intricate passages of the east- 
 ern coast, with which the French pilots were much bet- 
 ter acquainted than the English. 
 
 Church's expedition proved an even worse failure. 
 With their usual fatuity the authorities had seen fit to 
 release an Indian prisoner from gaol while Church was 
 getting ready. News of his coming had thus every- 
 
1001-1096] 
 
 A YEAR OF DISASTERS 
 
 113 
 
 Where preceded him, with the result that wherever 
 Church went, the Indians had buried themselves deeper 
 m the woods. In vain he tried every means known to 
 his experience to conceal his presence or ci. h 
 throw these wily foemen off their guard. -t.^! 
 
 All was of no use. His ill-fortune doggdd him like his 
 shadow. In order to be able to move his men at will 
 and undiscovered, he had provided himself with whale^ 
 boats, m the handling of which his Cape Indians were 
 thoroughly at home. The better to hide his intended 
 movements from the vigilant savages Chm-ch steered 
 first for Monhegan Island, ten miles off the mainland at 
 I'emaquid, where his vessels were securely hid from 
 prymg eyes. Then, manning his whaleboats at night- 
 fall, he rowed across into Penobscot Bay, and, after 
 concealing the boats among the bushes at daybreak 
 ranged the woods up and down in search of the savages' 
 In this way the western shores and islands of the bay 
 were scouted from Owl's Head to Bangor, without get 
 tmg sight of more than four or five wandering sav^es 
 m a region usually much frequented by them 
 
 Finding the sea^joast deserted as far a<^ Mount Desert 
 Chm-ch now sa^ed over a long course, landing next at 
 Chignecto or Beaubassin, in Acadia, which place he 
 plundered and burned. The inhabitants, ch.«.^ 
 
 both French and Indians, fled at his com- bS 
 
 ing, but some of the former returned upon promise of 
 good usage After reading them a sharp lecture upon 
 the barbanties practised by the savages upon the Eng- 
 lish, and forcibly contrasting it with his own magna- 
 nimity m now keeping his Indians from knocking them 
 aU m the head. Church took his departure for the St 
 John River. 
 
 liii; 
 III 
 
114 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1694-1896 
 
 Hei-e there wjih a trifling skirmish with some workmen, 
 who were building a new fort at the mouth of the river, in 
 which affair one Frenchman was killed and one wounded 
 and taken. From the wounded man it was learned where 
 the great guns, intended for the fort, had been buried 
 At St. John t)elow high water mark. These were 
 ^''*'' secured. Church now called a council to 
 
 decide whether an attempt should be made on Villebon's 
 fort, situated still higher up the river. It was thought 
 impracticable, as the river was so low, and Church ac- 
 cordingly turned homeward. 
 
 While on the way back, Church fell in with a rein- 
 forcement, under Lieutenant-Colonel Hathome, who, be- 
 sides superseding him in the command, to his great 
 chagrin, promptly ordered him back to St. John again. 
 Villebon's fort was reached and attacked this time, but 
 to no purpose, as the English were beaten off without 
 much effort. And so this expedition ended, like the 
 others that had gone before it, in disappointment ^ and 
 disgrace. 
 
 Meanwhile, Iberville, after eluding the squadron sent 
 in pursuit of him, had gone to Newfoundland, where he 
 virtually possessed himself of the whole island, by tak- 
 ing St. John's, its chief port. Bonavista and Carboni^re 
 Island remained in the hands of the English, only be- 
 cause the cold weather put a stop to further operations. 
 This conquest, so important in every way to French 
 interests, from its bearing upon the control of the Bank 
 fisheries, was thrown away as quickly as it was made, 
 
 > OBintOH, justly offended at being snpenieded, is silent about this affair. Hutchin- 
 •on, II., 94, gives some deUils, not found elsewhere, perhaps taken from Hathorne's 
 jonmal of the expedition. Charlevoix confuses the part taken by thn Engllab squad- 
 ron with that acting under Oburch and Hathome. 
 
leM-iew] 
 
 A YEAR OK DISASTERS 
 
 115 
 
 because no measures Lad been concerted to hold what 
 had been gained. Iberville, therefore, burned St. John's 
 and went back to Placentia, wher(( the French had a 
 poor establishment, placed there more with an eye to 
 covering the French half of the island than for its ad- 
 vantages as a port of commerce. 
 
 Though Newfoundland was the more remote, New 
 England had far more at stake there than she had in 
 Acadia, which was, at best, little more than an incum- 
 brance, saddled upon her by the new charter. Indeed 
 to shut the ports of Newfoundland against her would lit- 
 erally have taken the bread out of the mouths of thou- 
 sands of New England fishermen and their families, 
 besides seriously crippling many other branches of in- 
 dustry closely depending upon these fisheries. It was 
 not accident, but its conceded appropriateness, there- 
 fore, which first made the codfish the chosen symbol of 
 Massachusetts, as it continues to be to this day. 
 
 In so far, therefore, as these operations threatened to 
 cripple the resources of New England for carrying on the 
 war, as they undoubtedly would have done if turned to 
 better account, they should not be lost sight of ; for the 
 cutting off of its water-supply, at its source, from a 
 beleaguered city could hardly have proved more ruin- 
 ous to the besieged than the cutting off of the New- 
 foundland fisheries from New England ; and it was not 
 to be believed that England would permit France to 
 exclude her from these fisheries without a struggle. 
 
 For the English this had been a year of disasters, 
 with hardly one redeeming feature upon which to build 
 hope for the future. At its close the advantage rested 
 wholly with the enemy. East and west, the hostile 
 
 :il! 
 
 'i<i: 
 
116 THE BOKDEB WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 11694-1696 
 
 tribes were now acting together as one man. Acadia 
 had been lost, Pemaquid demolished Much h.^l 
 expected from the expeditions :' ' Chu'h td hT 
 thorne; nothing realized. It is well there^e L . 
 over a new leaf of the sombre trl^d; t^^^^ 
 drawmg toward its close. happily 
 
 t 
 c 
 
 V 
 
 a 
 h 
 h 
 
1696 
 
 dia 
 sen 
 la- 
 irn 
 ily 
 
 xm 
 
 ONSLAUGHT AT HAVERHILL 
 
 March*16, 1697 
 
 During this war the newer settlements, forming a sec- 
 ond line between the Merrimac and Piscataqua, and thus 
 becoming so many outposts to the old sea-coast settle- 
 ments, suffered much by reason of their exposed sit- 
 uation. Yet the careless settlers do not seem to have 
 realized their danger overmuch, or else long familiarity 
 only served to render them indiflferent to it. 
 
 Of all these villages little Haverhill, with its thirty 
 odd houses, was perhaps the most exposed, because the 
 Merrimac offered such a short and easy route of attaxjk 
 Moreover, the Pennacooks, of this river, were well ac- 
 quainted with every nook and corner of the place 
 
 There was the village, nesthng close along the* bank 
 of the Merrimac for its own protection, and there was a 
 hamlei boldly thrown out on the hills rising behind it. 
 ViUage and hamlei were a long mile apart, with a slug- 
 gish stream, Little River, crawling between them. In 
 the village there were three block-houses, „ ,„. 
 
 conveniently placed for its defence, to inX 
 
 which the inhabitants might fly in case of an alarm ; 
 and It IS not unhkely that some of the scattered farm- 
 houses were expected to serve the same purpose at need ; 
 but those families who, in such uiisettled times as these,' 
 
 if 
 
 HM 
 
 (!■ 
 
 I: 
 
 
 n 
 
118 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1697 
 
 tti 
 
 snow, and the ra^ north wind sweepfover alf 
 earth in Wand fitful blastetCr^iZp 
 sounded the onslaught bo long remembered. ^ 
 
 on? tw"* 'i"** ^'"'""^ ^^''' husbandman, rode 
 
 r^rhrr-i^iirzinri 
 
 had that mo^>.g le ft his wife, Haniah, lying of a sS 
 Ti»m»D,«.„. Ofd. With Mary Neff, her nurse, and his 
 eight children, whose aces ran fmm f^„ * 
 
 ™!! ,! V , , ° ''''"'^'^> Dustan's next thought was to 
 ^scue his helpless wife from the clutches of thesavl^ 
 
 ber where she lay, pale and trembling at the arS 
 pounds now heard close at h^d. 'if Du^tr^" 
 dreamed of carrying her off with him, he was too iX 
 Every moment's delay wasputting all the^resS^ 
 
 Distmcted between the thoughts of abandoning his 
 
 and gaUoped off after them AsTe L? !,.'''"' 
 Anders were at his door«,Tomatawk ^7' ^'^ "■"■ 
 
1697] 
 
 ONSLAUGHT AT HAVERHILL 
 
 U9 
 
 Fortunately for him, the greedy wretches stopped to 
 nfle the house. This gave Dustan a start of a few min- 
 utes, which was improved to the utmost ; yet so quickly 
 had all this happened that the terrified children were 
 not more than forty rods from the house when the dis- 
 tressed father overtook them. As his eye ran over the 
 forlorn little group, his heart may well have sunk within 
 him. To save all seemed out of the question. The 
 whole could travel no faster than the youngest of them 
 all, while the shouts of his pursuers announced that 
 they were already on his track, and would soon be up 
 with him. What was to be done ? 
 
 For just one moment Thomas Dustan thought of 
 snatching up the youngest and most helpless one of aU 
 puttmg spurs to his horse, and leaving the rest to their 
 fate. It was a horrible temptation, prompted by the 
 instinct of self-preservation, but repented of on the 
 instant. The thought of what that fate must be might 
 well have made the strong man shudder. Scattering 
 shots from his pursuers hastened his decision. Come 
 what would, Dustan resolved to live or die with his little 
 family Better fall, like a man, defending them to the 
 last, than hvo to be pointed at as the coward who had 
 saved his own life by the sacrifice of his own flesh and 
 blood. 
 
 Yet it was necessary to act with all prudence and skUl. 
 Dustan well knew that the savages would not venture 
 mthm gun-shot until they had first drawn his fire. 
 Urging his little flock to quicken their pace, he wheeled 
 his horse and levelled his gun at the nearest of his pur- 
 suers, who instantly halted, expecting a shot. Dustan, 
 however knew better than to throw his only chance 
 ,.^ ^^^i ,0*0 ludiauH covered with his gun until 
 
 awav- 
 
 -- . . — ^ . 
 
 I 
 
 d. 
 
 
 ' .1 r I 
 
 
 
120 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1697 
 
 Zn^r ^1 1''*"""^ "'^ ^^""""^ '^«"'«- them, 
 then coo% rode back to rejom them. By repeating this 
 
 father fortunately escaping the bullets fired at random 
 in the hope of knocking him o« his horse. And in thfa 
 IZT^t ffigbt and pu..mt continued .rntil thesa^ 
 ages had been drawn so far from their band that they 
 gave over the chase in disgust With unspeakable re^ 
 hef Dustan, at length, saw his little famUy safe^^d 
 Bound w,than the shelter of a stout block/ouse frl 
 which, on looking backward over the ground he h^ iu«t 
 traversed he could see his own housf in flames. ' 
 
 Meanwhile, those savages who had not joined in the 
 pursuit were hurriedly ransacking Dustan's house, for 
 by this time, the alarm had spread to the vilkge which 
 was now up m arms. The nui^e had been seized in the 
 attempt to fly with the new-born infant before she had 
 gone many rods from the house. 
 
 Upon enteringtheroom where Mrs. Dustanwaa lying 
 the greasy redskins roughly bade her to get up. With 
 the fear of instent death before her eyes, the poorwom^ 
 arose, and with trembling hands began to put on h^ 
 
 l"..""""" :'''"^,f' ""^"^ ^^' "^P'""^ ""^^ busy load- 
 cnnl^ "^ themselves with aU the plunder they 
 
 could carry away. This done, she was led from the 
 
 bSgttr '"'"'^''''*^'^ '-' "" "-'■ '-^ ''- -^ 
 
 Smoke and flames were now bursting forth from all 
 he'orT.^ '""^ --gl'borhood,ihich, onTaftt^ 
 
 Ld Tw . "' " '""' '"'*''""'^' ---"^d ana plun- 
 dered. Twenty-seven settlers lay dead or dying amone 
 the smoking niins of their own peaceful dleZ^ 
 Thirteen misei-able captives, shivering with cold atd 
 
1697] 
 
 ONSLAUGHT AT HAVERHILL 
 
 121 
 
 friglit, were huddled together, benumbed by the blow 
 
 that had so unexpectedly fallen upon them. These were 
 
 now bemg hurriedly loaded down with the 
 
 spoil of their own houses. The savages *'"'"»'*^«"- 
 
 then plunged into the woods, driving their prisoners be- 
 
 lore them like so 
 
 many beasts of 
 
 burden. 
 
 Mrs. Dustan and 
 Mrs. Neff, who still 
 held the baby in 
 her arms, marched 
 with the rest. No 
 mercy was shown 
 to laggards. One 
 miscreant, not yet 
 sated with slaugh- 
 ter, tore the help- 
 less infant from 
 its nurse's arms 
 and dashed out 
 its brains against 
 the nearest tree. 
 Among the pris- 
 oners some were 
 
 old and feeble. Whenever one showed signs of giving 
 out he was instantly despatched by the blow of a tom- 
 ahawk, and his load given to another. By this means 
 the retreat was pressed to the utmost. 
 
 Though in hourly expectation of meeting with the 
 same fate, Mrs. Dustan succeeded in keeping up with 
 the band during the rest of the day, notwithstanding her 
 extreme bodily weakness. The halt for the night brought 
 
 BUBTAN HONVHENT. 
 
 ' I 
 
 1 1 ! 
 
122 
 
 THE BOBDEB WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 tlOOT 
 
 With it a short respite. She saw that none of her loved 
 ones were among the little knot of captives. And with 
 that knowledge, reviving hope gave her the strength stiU 
 to bear bravely up against her cruel sufferings of mind 
 and body as m th^ deepening gloom she threw herself 
 upon the bare earth, there to live over again in speech- 
 less misery the woful tragedy of the day 
 
 Upon resuming their march, the hostile band separat- 
 ed mto small parties, the better to throw their pursuers 
 off the scent. To each one was parcelled out its share of 
 tlie prisoners and plunder. 
 
 1 J 'it^^ """^ property Mrs. Dustan and Mrs. Neff 
 liad thus become took a wide circuit through the wiL- 
 derness of woods, hills, and waters, stretching away to the 
 north. After travelling for several days longer, aU fear 
 of pursuit now bemg at an end, a more westW co^ 
 was steered, which, at length, brought them out of the 
 woods, on the shores of the Merrimac, some sixty 
 odd miles, as the nver runs, from their starting-point 
 t> a few short hours the friendly current would have 
 earned the wanderers to their homes again 
 
 Thecamp to which the prisonerswere now conducted 
 was pitched on a pleasant Uttle island Ivine at the 
 mouth of the Contoocook Eiver. Here the^Cfreliven 
 to ^iderstand that they would remain. Lil such a 
 time as thejr captors should be ready to start for Can- 
 ada. Should they ever reach it alive, a long and lin- 
 gering captivity awaited them. Should they perish by 
 the way, who would ever know their fate' 
 
 The Indian family, of whom the captive women now 
 formed part for the time being, consisted of two stout 
 wamors, three women and their seven children. Hav- 
 ing nothing to fear from two such helpless beings, no 
 
16971 
 
 ONSLAUGHT AT HAVERHILL 
 
 123 
 
 very stnot watch was kept upon ihem, nor did they meet 
 with dl-usage beyond what commonly fell to the lot of 
 captives m the.r situation, namely, to be the submissive 
 
 Their masters already were counting upon getting a 
 handsome sum for them in Canada, so it^oiSd never 
 dojo mifit the captives for the long maich before 
 
 Besides these twelve Indian men, women, and children 
 already mentioned, there was also domesticated among 
 them a captive English lad^ one Samuel Leonardson 
 who ab-eady had been a year and a half in their hands 
 m the course of which he had mastered their language 
 fallen m with their way of life, and was looked^l^n 
 and treated as one of themselves. Upon this half- 
 savage stripling the last hopes of a desperate woman 
 now rested. 
 
 The captive women could not help showing by their 
 looks something of the despair in their hearts When- 
 ever they could steal away by themselves, they prayed 
 fervently for deliverance. Sometimes their Indian 
 master would say to them, in mockery of their haggard 
 looks, What need you trouble yourself ? If youT God 
 will have you delivered, it shall be so " 
 
 Not long before the time set for the long march to 
 Canada to begin, the captives were told that, on arriv- 
 ing at a certain Indian town, they would have to run 
 the gantlet That is to say, that they would first be 
 stripped of their clothing, and then made to run through 
 a lane formed of all the men, women, and children of 
 ae place all armed with clubs, sucks, or tomahawks, 
 with which each Indian would strike the terrified vie' 
 tims as they ran. To add to their terror, they w«r» a'so 
 
 fi! 
 
 ft 
 
 I' I 
 
 I 
 
 ,,1 * 
 
 
IF 
 
 M' 
 
 
 ' ii . 
 
 124 THE BORDER WARS OK NEW ENGLAND (ifiy? 
 
 told how the weak or faint-hearted often fell seuseleys to 
 the ground under the blows of their brutal tormentors. 
 The knowledge of what was in store for them seems 
 to have nerved the unhappy captives to an act of des- 
 peration. Then, there was the deep-flowing Merrimac, 
 always whispering « home ! home ! " as it swept by them! 
 Mrs. Dustau knew that after this journey began all 
 hope of escape would be over. She therefore laid her 
 plans to fly before it should be too late. To attempt this 
 with two stout warriors alive was not to be thought 
 of. There was but one other way. They must die by 
 her hands and those of her companions. 
 
 Hannah Dustan was no delicate flower of the city, 
 ready to faint at the pricking of her finger with her 
 needle, but the sturdy helpmate of a sturdy yeoman, 
 whose will to do and dare had been strung to the high- 
 est tension by the knowledge that there was one way 
 of escape, and but one. 
 
 This settled, the next thing was to gain over the nurse 
 and the boy, Leonardsou, to her plan, which was to kill 
 all the Indians without distinction of age or sex, except 
 one boy, who Avas to be taken away alive. There could 
 be no paltering with the situation. They knew that to 
 let any escape would endanger their own safety. 
 
 From this moment, Hannah Dustau pursued her de- 
 termination with Indian sagacity, and almost savage 
 ferocity. 
 
 Young Leonardson was charged to find out just where 
 and how to strike with the hatchet, so as to kill at one 
 blow. There must be no bungling here. The lad seized 
 his first chance to do so. " Strike here," replied the un- 
 suspecting savage, laying a tawny finger upon his temple. 
 Then drawing the same finger rapidly around his shaven 
 
ltiU7] 
 
 ONSLAUCJHT AT HAVERHILL 
 
 125 
 
 crown, he showed the lad how the Imife was used iu 
 taking a scalp, and how the scalp was torn from the 
 victim's head. The lesson was well learned. 
 The prisoners now knew what they had to do, and 
 
 HANNAH DU8TAN SLAYS HBB CAPTOBS. 
 
 how to do it. The time for the attempt was fixed for 
 the very next night. 
 
 In the dead of night, when the Indians lay fast asleep 
 in their ^ylgvvam, three dusky forms rose noiselessly 
 and stealthily up from their midst. Each grasped a 
 hatchet. Each had marked a victim. Bending over 
 the prostrate bodies of the sleepers, blow followed blow 
 in quick succession. Mrs. Dustan's weapon was buried 
 in the brain of her master ; Leoiuirdwn'.^ in that of the 
 
 it! ■ fl 
 I 1 
 
 
 H 
 
 !| 
 

 m' 
 
 S£»J 
 
 126 THE BOEDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND (WOT 
 
 wme Indian who had directed him where to strike 
 None escaped, save a squaw, who, though sorely wound- 
 Th. EK.P.. «<!. ran out into the thickets, where she hid 
 herself, and the boy whose life they had 
 agreed to spare. He got away, unharmed, in the dark- 
 ness and confusion of the moment 
 
 Arming herself with her dead master's gun and tom- 
 ahawk, Mrs. Dustan led the way to the place where 
 the canoes were beached. All these were stove and 
 ..unk, except the one in which the fugitives now pushed 
 out upon the broad river, with no other thought than to 
 hasten away from the scene of shtughtor. Two of their ' 
 destined victims had saved themselves by flight. Thev 
 knew that the next encampment was not far oiT, and 
 would soon be alarmed. 
 
 ^^^If""^ """^ ^'^'^'y *>««" 1«" beJiwd, however 
 when Mi^ Dustan suddenly recollected that, in the hurrv 
 of their flight, they had neglected to take off the scalps 
 of the slain. In this woman an iron will seems united 
 with cool courage and rare presence of mind. She « ould 
 
 her the bloody evidences of their exploit. These, at 
 least, could not be caUed in question. The canoe Vas 
 again headed for the shore, and not until the bloody 
 trophies of that fearful night's work were secured did 
 the fugitives again embark on their perilous voya-^e 
 
 It was beset with dangers. Many a hideous faU or 
 treacherous shallow ky between the fugitives ndTheir 
 a rf , r" ^"^ ^ ^^""^ '^^^ starting-pZt 
 
 •n huge masses of jagged rock, through which the pent^ 
 ^waters boil and plunge with indescribable faj- 
 Heie the canoe had to be miloaded and carried around 
 
1607] 
 
 ONSLAUGHT AT HAVERHILL 
 
 127 
 
 he faUs, before it could be launched into smooth wa- 
 ter again. Below these again, the free coure of Z 
 
 before Zd^lt^^^^^^ ^/ ^'"^ "^^ ^""^'^ surmounted 
 befoie the distant roar of angry waters told them of an- 
 other ahead. Down this perilous road the flTti^s 
 held their steady course, hope rising higher and h ghe 
 as the long leagues of wooded ^ 
 
 shores swept majestically by 
 them. They took turns at the 
 paddle, keeping a shaip look- 
 out for lurking enemies. In 
 the night two slept while 
 
 the third plied the paddle.^ 
 
 Half-starved, worn out with 
 
 unceasing labor and watch- 
 fulness, the feelings with 
 
 which the weary wanderers 
 
 saw at last the familiar shores 
 
 and cottages of Haverhill rising before them can only 
 
 frrrdead''^^ ""''' ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^«^^^« ^^- 
 The story of the exploit soon spread throughout the 
 ength and breadth of the colonies, .nd was everywhere 
 the theme of mingled wonder and admirr.tion. After re 
 covering from the effects of their captivity, all the actors 
 m this remarkable tragedy went to Boston,^ taking with 
 
 Tvn'/ a't htl*'"' '""'y'^^^^ were hospitably received and entertained by Jonathan 
 lyng, at hiR house on Wickasuck Island. lonainan 
 
 » " Mat 1. Ifift?. Hannah Dustan came to see us • I eave her n»rf ^t n .- ' 
 flax. She saith her master, whom she killed, did fLeriy Le "i^L R^wZ 
 
 DIBTAN TAHKABD. 
 
 " 
 
 
 1 1 
 f I 
 
 It 
 
 

 128 THE BORDRFl WARS OP NEW ENfJLAND nam 
 
 them the ghastly trophies that Haiiuuh Dustun would not 
 eave behind her. The Massachusetts General Court 
 being then in session, a reward of twenty-five pounds 
 was voted to the Dustans, and twelve pounds ten shil- 
 lings each to Mary NeflF and Samuel Leonardson. Be- 
 sides this gratuity, doubly welcome to those who had 
 lost their all, Governor Nicholson, of 7^aryland, sent 
 Hannah Dustau a pewter tankard, as a i.urk of his re- 
 gard for her remarkable heroism. This token is still in 
 existence. 
 
 Monuments have been raised to commemorate this 
 exploit, both at Haverhill, where the savage ouslauKht 
 begm., and at Dustan's Island, in the town of Boscawen 
 y.. H-. where the maternal vengeance overtook some of 
 the acto.« in that day's work. Yet, strange to say, even 
 to this day the site of Thomas Dnstau's house is not 
 positively known. 
 
XIV 
 
 TO THE PEACC OF RY8WICK 
 
 Unknown to the people of Now England, during the 
 winter of 1696-97 a blow was impending by the side of 
 which Indian raids were trifles indeed. And when it 
 was known, the danger itself had passed away, like the 
 storm-cloud, watched in doubt and dismay, until it has 
 drifted far down the darkened heavens, and light and 
 sunshine have come again. 
 
 Canada being a royal colony, its affairs were really 
 directed from Versailles. For yeais Louis had been 
 importuned to lay Boston in ashes, as the only means 
 of securing the tranquillity of Canada. Hitherto, more 
 weighty affairs at home had kept the project in abey- 
 ance, but at last Louis was ready to act. At the ports 
 of Brest and Rochefort a formidable squadron, consist- 
 ing of ten heavy ships, two fire-ships and a galliot,' was 
 being fitted out, first to destroy Boston, and afterward to 
 lay waste the New England coast as far as Portsmouth. 
 New York and Albany were to be served Fleet sails to 
 in the same way, provided all went as it •'"••n Boston, 
 was hoped and expected. A good deal of other work 
 was cut out for the Marquis de Nesmond, who was to 
 command ; but these were the leading objects with which 
 he was charged. So much pains was taken to keep the 
 project a profound secret that orders were sent to Fron- 
 
 > A Small open, vessel, using both sails and oars and intended to chase. The crews 
 were usually soldiers, laying down their oars to take up their muskets. 
 
 ' r 
 
130 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1697 
 
 tenac to have fifteen hundred men in readiness by a 
 certain date, without letting him know for what serrice 
 they were wanted. 
 
 News that this powerful armament was at sea reached 
 Boston some time in the summer, and its object was so 
 easily guessed that the whole country, far and near, was 
 stirred as never before. At that time the reliable Major 
 March was out scouting with five hundred men, at the 
 eastward. Boston, as well as all the seacoas*-. towns, was 
 in a state of feverish excitement. The old fortifications 
 were overhauled and repaired, new ones built, and heavy 
 guns mounted along the water-front, and at the castle. 
 For weeks the provincial militia were held in readiness 
 to march to the threatened points. These measures are 
 a sufficiently clear indication of public feeling. 
 
 Fortunately for New England, the whole enterprise 
 fell through. De Nesmond had been saddled with so 
 many orders, his passage across the Atlantic was so long, 
 that when he arrived at Placentia (July 24th), it was too 
 late in the season to bring the cooperating land forces 
 The project f.ii5. ^own from Quebec, where they had been 
 held to prevent news of the intended de- 
 scent from getting noised abroad. To this puerile 
 attempt to combine the operations of a fleet and armv 
 three thousand miles away. New England owed her 
 escape from a great danger. Old as he was, Frontenac 
 would have managed the aflfair much better. 
 
 In all probability, the holding of so many men inac- 
 tive in Canada had a tendency to diminish "the number 
 of Indian raids during the summer. There were, how- 
 ever, more than enough to show what a handful of creep- 
 ing savages could do among thousands of unguarded 
 husbandmen. In June a large war-party placed 
 
 ] 
 c 
 
 t 
 c 
 a 
 
 / 
 
1(197] 
 
 TO THE PEACE OF RYSWICK 
 
 131 
 
 selves in ambush outside of the village of Exeter, N. H. 
 meaning to make an assault early on the next morn- 
 ing. Against the advice of their friends, 
 some women and children of the village ^"^^ '''•"*'• 
 went out into the fields to gather wild strawberries. 
 In order to frighten them back, some alarm guns were 
 fired. This quickly brought aU the people together 
 in arms, and thereby frustrated the intended attack, as 
 the Indians supposed themselves discovered, and after 
 firing a few random shots made a hasty retreat. One 
 person was killed, another wounded, and a child carried 
 oflf.^ 
 
 How death lurked on every side is strongly emphasized 
 by the f oUowing incident. One quiet Sabbath afternoon, 
 early in July, Major Charles Frost, with several of his 
 neighbors, was returning home from meeting in Eliot, 
 Me. The road on which they were riding had been 
 ambushed in a retired spot by an outlying party of sav- 
 ages looking for scalps. To make sure of their prey, the 
 lurking assassins had stuck some bushes in najor Frost 
 the ground, at a turn of the path, behind »i««n. 
 
 which they crouched, armed and ready. The Major's 
 two sons were permitted to pass the ambuscade in safety, 
 but the worthy Major, against whom the savages had 
 nursed their revenge ever since the kidnapping aflf:>ir at 
 Dover, eight years before, was shot dead in the road. 
 Dennis Downing and John Heard's wife, two of Frost's 
 companions, were also killed on the spot, and Heard was 
 wounded. « The good Lord keep us in these perilous 
 times ! " exclaims pious Joseph Storer, in giving an ac- 
 count of the aflfair. " The good Lord sanctify it to us 
 
 » Bklknap's New Oampahire, I., 879, 880. 
 
[1697 
 
 132 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 In a day or two after, three men carrying the mail 
 were waylaid and killed as they were leavmg Wells. 
 Storer warns his brother, Captain John Hill, at Saco, 
 against travelling in the daytime. Indeed, the ways 
 had now become so dangerous for men, that dogs were 
 trained to carry the mail between exposed points. Frost 
 had been a tower of strength to this weak comer of 
 Maine, and it is no wonder that his death should be 
 mourned as a pub- 
 lic calamity. 
 
 After commit- 
 ting several more 
 murders in this vi- 
 cinity, the Indi- 
 ans next made 
 their unwelcome 
 appearance among 
 the Saco settle- 
 ments. Of a party of five belonging to the garrison of 
 Saco fort, who were chopping wood on Cow Island, in 
 the Saco, three were killed, and three more, posted as 
 sentinels, but keeping careless watch, surprised and car- 
 ried off.i In going down the river the marauders were 
 fired upon from the shore, and some of them hurt. 
 
 One tradition of this descent deserves to be preserved. 
 Captain Humphrey Scamman's garrison stood on the 
 bank of the river, about two miles from the sea. He 
 was at work that day, mowing in his meadow, the house 
 being left in charge of his wife and children. The day 
 was sultry, and the labor fatiguing, so goodwife Scam- 
 man presently sent their little ten-year-old boy to his 
 father with a mug of ale, probably charging him to be 
 
 ' These were Lieutenant Fletcher and his two sons. 
 
 DOQ MAIlj-CARBIEB. 
 
16WJ 
 
 TO THE PEACE OP RYSWICK 
 
 133 
 
 careful not to spill it by the way. Soon after starting on 
 his errand the lad caught sight of the Indians approach- 
 ing the house. He instantly turned back, 
 still carrying the mug in his hands, but it ^^ ""**'• 
 was now too late, as the Indians quickly took possession 
 of the house, and made prisoners of the whole family, 
 including Scamman, all 
 of whom were carried off 
 to Canada. At the end 
 of the war they were 
 released and returned 
 home. Their house was 
 found in the same condi- 
 tion as when they had 
 left it, even to the beer- 
 mug^ which the fright- 
 ened boy had hastily set 
 down on the diesser, 
 when he ran back home 
 to warn his mother of 
 the approach of the ter- 
 rible redskins. 
 
 In September, bloody notice was served on the in- 
 habitants of Lancaster, Mass., that safety was only to 
 be purchased at the price of unremitting vigilance. 
 This town, which had suffered so severely 
 in former wars, was again completely sur- ^*^ Lan«"ter. 
 prised, nearly twenty persons killed, one of whom was 
 the Eev. John Whiting, the young pastor of the church 
 there,'' and five more carried away into captivity. Two 
 
 » This Interesting relic, a brown earthen juff, evidently of Dutch make, decorated with 
 an equestrian figure of William III., is now in the possession of Joseph Moody. Esq.. of 
 
 BatX), 
 
 « The meagre account of this affair is taken from Mather. Hutchinson loosely places 
 
 BCAMMAN'a JUO. 
 
 5F5i 
 
 7 it 
 
 I \ 
 
134 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1887 
 
 or three houses were burnt with their occupants, too 
 decrepit to fly, in them. The raiders were pursued for 
 two days without coming up with them. 
 
 The long wished for peace of Eyswick was proclaimed 
 at Boston, on December 10, 1697. At between three 
 
 PeaceatiiMt. ^^^ ^^^ ^" *^® aftemoon, eight or ten 
 drums and trumpets sounded out the glad 
 tidings to the citizens. Hostilities with the Indians did 
 not, however, cease for some time to come, or not until 
 they found out that the French no longer dared to give 
 them open support. 
 
 The winter of 1697-98, was the coldest within the mem- 
 ory of his generation, Mather says. Moreover, the set- 
 tlers along the Merrimac were destined to feel once and 
 agam the rage of their old enemies before the day of 
 trial was passed. Proclamation of peace, by sound of 
 trumpet in the streets of Boston, could not stay the 
 stroke of the tomahawk, or turn from their bloody de- 
 signs those who had a debt of vengeance yet to pay. 
 
 In the latter part of February » a war-party made a 
 fierce onslaught upon Andover, Mass. They had ap- 
 parently singled out two of the foremost citizens for 
 their prey. The house of Captain Pascho Chubb, late 
 commandant at Pemaquid, was assaulted, and he and 
 Killing at his wife were slain on the spot. At the 
 
 ^"''°^"- same time the house of Lieutenant-Col- 
 
 onel Dudley Bradstreet^ was atta<5ked, the inmates 
 dragged out of doors, one of them brutally tomahawked,^ 
 
 fnrh^ff ^T f ^■'*«°««'-«'* "l'" by the Indians, but that h*, ^.referred to flght 
 for his life and lost it. He was only thlrty-three rrea to ngnt 
 
 ML!h4 n?' "'** ^'"" '^ ''"'*" ""' ''"•^' ^^'""'^ ''• \^^ "'"-P""^^ with 
 
 * SiiLi. Standing In North Andover. 
 
 » Major Widi^'b son, of Medford, a guest and relative of the family. 
 
1697J 
 
 TO THE PEACE OP RYSWIOK 
 
 136 
 
 and the rest, strange to say, after a short detention, set 
 at liberty. Besides rifling Colonel Bradstreet's house, 
 the marauders burned some of his neighbors' houses and 
 bams, with their contents, but only two persons, besides 
 those already reported, are known to have been killed 
 by them. Mather relates that the B«v. Thomas Bar- 
 nard, the minister of the place, narrowly escaped their 
 
 ■■*1! 
 
 §t: 
 
 -.ft 'm 
 
 
 I * 
 
 BBAD8TBEET H0V8E, AT KOBTH ANDOVEB, MASS. 
 
 fury; and Sewall adds that the pulpit cushions were 
 taken away and burned. 
 
 While making off toward Haverhill, the same party 
 fell in with Jonathan Hnynes and Samuel Ladd, of that 
 town, driving their teams homeward, and killed both of 
 them. A son of each was taken at the same time. 
 
 Occasional outrages of this sort, continued during the 
 spring months, served to signal the expiring efforts of 
 the war, like the random shots fired after the main battle 
 
136 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1697 
 
 is over. Deprived by the peace of the means of carry- 
 ing on the war, the hostile tribes quickly reaUzed that 
 since they had been abandoned by their friends, the only 
 course left was to make terms with their enemies. Find 
 mg them in this temper, Major Converse and Captain 
 Alden held a conference with some of the chief sachems 
 at Penobscot, in October; the Indians, as usual, throw- 
 ing all the blame of their past a^jts upon the French. 
 Tr^yof There was no doubt, however, that they 
 
 • were now sincerely desirous of peace. A 
 
 meetmg was therefore arranged for this end, which took 
 pkce at or near Mare Point in Casco Bay, in January 
 when articles of submission were signed by Moxus and 
 ma^y more chiefs, representing the different tribes 
 
 By this treaty the Indians freely acknowledged their 
 past misdeeds, set forth in the strongest colors by the 
 ^ghsh, and once again pledged their worthless honor for 
 the performance of the E^jie old threadbare obligations 
 Next to the cessation of the long reign of arson, pilWe 
 a^d murder, the rescue of English captives was the 
 chief object to be attained. Some hundreds of these 
 were scattered far and wide among their brutal captors 
 They were to be restored, but the inclemency of the sea^ 
 oiptive. son prevented this merciful act from taking 
 
 J'" Til . ^^^""^ *"* '''^''^' ^^^y ^^^ perished misera- 
 bly of lU treatment or starvation, but all who were able to 
 bear the fatigues of the long ma.ch homeward, and who 
 themselves, wished to return to their friends, were rer^ 
 mitted to do so. Strange to say. not a few preferred to 
 remain among the savages, thus furnishing a homely, 
 but apt Illustration of the ease with which so-called 
 cmhzed beings relapse into barbarism. We may take 
 comfort in the belief that not one of these rene^ad«« 
 
 V 
 
1897] 
 
 TO THE PEACE OF KYSWICK 
 
 )! 
 
 / 
 
 137 
 
 would have made a useful citizen, had he remained true 
 to his color and teachings. 
 
 Various estimates of the loss of life in this war are 
 to be met with. But it is evident that none were care- 
 fully compiled, as they run all the way from 500 to 700 
 killed. The latter number is probably the more accurate. 
 Asacumbuit alone claimed to have slain one hundred 
 and Mty persons with his own hand In l„.^ 
 
 view of the length of the war, the highest ^ 'n 
 
 figure does not seem large, but when we reflect that the 
 losses mostly fell upon the agricultural population, and 
 m many cases virtually wiped out of existence entire 
 towns or villages; that hundreds of dwellings and bams 
 were burned to ashes, with their contents ; and that prog- 
 ress as measured by pushing forward the frontier, was 
 beaten back twenty yeaxs, the true natui-e of this con- 
 flict stands out in strong relief. The weakness of the 
 H^nghsh plan seems to have been in the attempt to hold 
 an untenable line, more as a point of honor than from 
 the dictates of a sound policy. It has been seen that 
 the effort severely taxed the entire resources of Massa- 
 chusetts and New Hampshire, both in men and money 
 Though no estimate of the losses to the Indians is 
 possible, it may be measured somewhat by its visible re- 
 sults. Many of their best warriors had faUen in fights 
 As many more, perhaps, had died from the effects of 
 disease or starvation, occasioned by the destruction of 
 their winter supply of com, which put them to the most 
 cruel privations. It was now become a matter of 
 difficulty to raise fifty warriors, where it had been easy 
 to raise a hundred and fifty. In some cases only frag- 
 ments of tribes remained, and in others the remnants 
 had joined their nearest neighbors for mutual protection 
 
 
 I } 
 
138 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [16OT 
 
 The hard, uncompromising fact, which stared this doomed 
 people in the face, was that they could not afford even 
 trifling losses, impossible to be repaired; and repair 
 them they could not so long as they were being hunted 
 like wild beasts. At the close of the war they held 
 laothing that they could call their own within sixty miles 
 of the sea-coast, between the Merrimac and Penobscot 
 rivers. That, surely, was a visible sign of their impend- 
 ing doom. 
 
QUEEN ANNE'S WAR 
 
 <il IS 
 
XV 
 
 THE NEW OUTLOOK 
 
 1702-1703 
 
 WAR broke out again between England and France 
 in 1702.' In Europe it was called the War of the 
 Spanish Succession ; in the colonies, Queen Anne's War • 
 as that princess had succeeded to the throne of Eng- 
 land, made vacant by the death of her great brother-in- 
 law William III. 
 
 Two dramatic incidents preceded the formal declara- 
 tion of war. In taking leave of his grandson, a boy of 
 seventeen, whom he was seating on the throne of Spain 
 in the teeth of Europe, Louis XIV. had made use of the 
 picturesque and significant expression, "// n'y a plus 
 de Pyrenees." ^ 
 
 This act gave birth to the formidable coalition meant 
 to curb the ambition of the brilliant despot of Ver- 
 sailles. 
 
 The other event took place at the death-bed of the 
 exiled James II. According to his biographer, Louis 
 approached the bedside of the dying man, octh-bed of 
 and after desiring those present to remain, 'j"«e8 ii. 
 
 as if to give greater solemnity to what he was about to 
 do, he said, « I am come, sii-, to acquaint you, that 
 whenever it shall please God to call your majesty out 
 
 ' Wah was proclaimed at Wertminster May 4, 1708. 
 * " Thjcss are no longer any Pyrenees." 
 
 ': -i 
 
142 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1702-1708 
 
 of this world, I will treat your son, the Prince of Wales, 
 in the same manner I have treated you, and acknowl- 
 edge him, as hf) then will be, King of England." * 
 
 As an example of studied insolence this declaration 
 is almost without a parallel in history. The insult 
 
 stung Protestant 
 England to the 
 quick. In a few 
 short months 
 William followed 
 James to the 
 grave, but his 
 spirit still sur- 
 vived, the resort 
 to arms was fully 
 accepted, and war 
 declared on May 
 4, 1702. 
 
 Willing or un- 
 willing, the colo- 
 nies of the two 
 ^ great bellig^er- 
 "^ ents were none 
 the less to be 
 dragged into the 
 quarrel, though under conditions widely diflferent from 
 those existing in Europe. The coming ordeal was in- 
 deed one to make men thoughtful, yet there are no 
 signs of faltering. 
 
 There were in all New England about 120,000 per- 
 sons of all ages. Although New England had the 
 most men, Canada invariably had the better leaders. 
 
 > Jambb died at St. Germain, SeptPiul)er IC, 1701, at the age of Rixty-aeven. 
 
 QUEXN ANMB. 
 
1708-1708J 
 
 THE NEW OUTLOOK 
 
 148 
 
 Military men were chosen there to conduct military en- 
 terprises. There were none such in New England. Bor- 
 der warfare was the only school in which her rude yeo- 
 manry had been trained up, and as soon as the exigency 
 was over they returned to their farms or workshops. 
 The Canadian yeomanry, on the contrary, 
 being mostly hunters, boatmen, or wood- ^''S^i^^7. 
 rangers, and always in the woods, were '*'**• 
 
 about as well skilled in forest warfare as the savages 
 with whom they fraternized; so that disparity in num- 
 bers was by no means the true measure oi the ability of 
 the combatants. 
 
 There was, however, an enrolment of the colonial 
 militia into regiments, troops, and companies. But 
 with only an annual muster to bring them together 
 their discipline stood small chance of being improved. 
 The truth is that the spirit of the people was unalterably 
 opposed to a permanent military establishment of any 
 sort whatever. Their fathers, in their wisdom, had 
 fixed the tradition that a standing army was a standing 
 . danger, and so the sons would have none of it. Hence 
 the career of arms, with its twin incentives, thirst for 
 glory and hope of promotion, was as 
 good as shut to the ambitious young men """•■•>■**'"• 
 of the day. Unlike the young Canadian nobility, they 
 took the field from a stem sense of duty, not from 
 choice, having it always in mind that they were soldiers 
 only for the time being. Citizen soldiers are good for 
 little until they have lost their identity as citizens in 
 the soldier. Consequently, great enterprises had turned 
 to great failures during the last war, not so much from 
 faulty conceptions, as from the want of organization, 
 discipline, command, and of that kind of confidence 
 
 
Ik- 
 
 144 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1702-1703 
 
 which comes with them. For mere bush fighting raw 
 levies had indeed proved suflicient, but for such opera- 
 tions as laying siege to Quebec, something more than a 
 courageous rabble was needed. 
 
 This enrolment of the fighting strength of the colony 
 into troops and regiments, which, by the by, seldom 
 took the field as such, did, however, facilitate the mus- 
 tering of such bodies as were called out upon emer- 
 gencies, when each regiment was required to furnish its 
 quota, either by voluntary enlistment or by draft. 
 Here we find the germ of that antiquated militia system 
 which endured well into the present century. More 
 curious still it is to note that the methods in force in 
 our own time, with all their abuses, were in full opera- 
 tion in what a later generation has been taught to look 
 back upon as a model of civic virtue. There were those 
 who slipped out of one colony into another to avoid 
 military service or, worse still, the tax-gatherer. In 
 order to put a stop to wholesale desertions from the 
 Its abuses. ' *^^^*^®f towns, a law had to be passed 
 prohibiting all persons of sixteen years of. 
 age from leaving them. Yet fear of the law was less 
 potent than fear of the soalpiug-knife. There were also 
 bounties and bounty-jumpers ; and there was falsifica- 
 tion of names and ages, as well as fraudulent raising of 
 provision returns, muster-rolls, and the like. And, fi- 
 nally, there was also the same eager buying up of sub- 
 stitutes by those whose courage or patriotism failed 
 them at the pinch. Such was the system and such were 
 its defects. 
 
 If the military arm was thus weak, the civil adminis- 
 tration was powerless to strengthen it, because no soldier 
 had ever been put at the head of the government. Al- 
 
1703-1703] 
 
 THE NEW OUTLOOK 
 
 145 
 
 though captain-general by virtue of his commission 
 only here and there one in the long line of governors 
 was possessed of more military knoAvledge than could 
 be picked up on the annual training-field, civilian 
 
 where the martial exercises were usually t^Litrs. 
 
 opened with a prayer. Not that men who pray will not 
 fight, and fight 
 weU, but there is 
 evidence that by 
 this time the spirit 
 that had prompted 
 the fathers always 
 to seek the Lord 
 before unsheath- 
 ing their swords, 
 had grown some- 
 what weaker with 
 the sons. In Vau- 
 dreuil, Dudley was 
 going to be pitted 
 against an adver- 
 sary of experience 
 in active warfare, 
 and fare accord- 
 ingly. And as 
 events move on, it 
 
 will be seen that the English were driven to adopt the 
 tactics of their enemies. In diplomacy, however, the two 
 distinguished adversaries were more evenly matched 
 
 In this war, as in the last, the colonies had for an 
 adversary Louis XIV., surnamed tlie Great. If he had 
 been as blind to the wants or perils of his trnnsatlantic 
 subjects as England was to hers, the contest would have 
 
 10 
 
 
 L0UI8 XIV. 
 
 I S 
 
 fe. 
 
*m 
 
 In'' 
 
 146 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 11702-1708 
 
 been more equal. Such, however, was not the case. 
 The whole situation on this side of the water was about 
 Louis XIV. as well understood at Versailles as at Que- 
 
 the movements of war-parties upon our frontiers were 
 generally first ordered or sanctioned or suggested by 
 
 Louis himself. 
 Though it may 
 seem strange that 
 this monarch, with 
 half Europe 
 leagued against 
 him, should thus 
 find time to turn 
 from great affairs 
 to little, it is no 
 less true. While 
 he lived, Louis not 
 only insisted upon 
 ruling everything, 
 but upon knowing 
 everything. It 
 was really there- 
 fore with him 
 
 that the English colonists were now measuring their 
 
 strength. 
 England's policy, briefly stated, like that of the savage 
 
 toward his oflfspring, was to leave her colonies to shift 
 
 for themselves. If they survived the ordeal, well and 
 
 good ; if not, it would be because nature had not well 
 
 fitted them for the battle of life. 
 
 In the brief breathing time allowed from the ravages 
 
 of war, the wheel of time had moved relentlessly on- 
 
 QOVEBNOR SIMON BRAD8TBEET. 
 
1702-1703] 
 
 THE NEW OUTLOOK 
 
 147 
 
 ward. Many of the chief actors had disappeared from 
 the stage. Frontenac was dead at seventy-seven. Brad- 
 street, one of the last survivors among the first-comers, 
 had died at the great age of ninety-four; so had Lord 
 Bellomont, after a brief rule of only two years j and so 
 had Stoughton, who had borne the burden of govern- 
 
 THE EABL OF BBLLOMONT. 
 
 ment since the death of Phips. Madockawando, the 
 father-in-law of St. Castin, had also succumbed to the 
 dread destroyer, with many more whose names once 
 struck terror to the her.rts of their enemies. In view of 
 its probable murderous character, it would perhaps be 
 too much to say that the war was popular in New Eng- 
 land. But the people were intensely loyal to the cause 
 
 i' if 
 
 r 
 
148 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ExVGLAND [1703-1706 
 
 of Protestantism, of which William was the recognized 
 champion, and intensely partisan, too. They resented 
 as warmly as all Protestant England did, the insult put 
 upon the nation in challenging William's right to the 
 throne. Canada was wholly Catholic. Those in authority 
 there took their cue from their royal master in declaring 
 William a usurper. So that there was no want of an- 
 tagonisms to fan the old embers into a fiercer blaze 
 than ever. 
 
 The short administration of the Earl of Bellomont 
 covered a season of recuperation from the exhaustion 
 of war. He died in office on March 6, 1700. Stoughton 
 the lieutenant-governor, having died the next year the 
 government devolved for the first time upon the Council 
 a cumbrous body of twenty-eight persons, of whom a 
 majority constituted the executive for the time being. 
 
 Joseph Dudley succeeded Lord Bellomont as gover- 
 nor. He came into office with a war on his hands, 
 Joseph Dudley. ^^^^^^' ^^^' *®^ J^ars, taxed aU his resources 
 to the utmost, and the fact stands out in 
 strong relief that his worst enemies, whom he took no 
 great pains to conciliate, wore forced to admire his 
 abilities, much as they disliked him as a ruler and a 
 man. Although the son of a Puritan of the sternest 
 type, Dudley's own leanings were strongly toward ab- 
 solutism. By the old Puritan party he was looked 
 upon as the degenerate son of a noble sire ; but even 
 they had the wisdom to see that the times had altered, 
 since they made their own rulers, and were not indis- 
 posed to give Dudley a trial, thinking him perhajKs, on 
 the whole, better than a stranger. But they never could 
 or would forget his having taken office just after the 
 vacating of the old charter. That wound still rankled 
 
1702-1708] 
 
 THE NEW OUTLOOK 
 
 149 
 
 Dudley arrived at Boston, June 11, 1702. He was 
 well received even by those members of the Council who 
 had sent him to prison in the time of Sir Edmund An- 
 dros. In the face of political changes such as few men 
 have experienced (and in his limited sphere of action 
 Dudley was a 
 • consummate pol- 
 itician) the new 
 governor could 
 well aflford to let 
 bygones be by- 
 gones. No doubt 
 his late oj^po- 
 nents were more 
 than pleased 
 with the un- 
 looked-for prof- 
 fer of a general 
 amnesty, and so 
 for the present 
 there was a truce 
 to the old quar- 
 rels. 
 
 There was 
 certainly need 
 enough for united support from all parties. Dudley 
 found his province assailed at once by war and pesti- 
 lence. During the winter no less than three hundred 
 inhabitants of Boston w^ere carried off by the small-pox, 
 a disease which had periodically scourged the larger 
 towns since their first settlement, almost unopposed. 
 
 Looking abroad, for the most part the Indians re- 
 mained in the same situation in which the close of the 
 
 CIOTEBNOR JOSEPH DUDLEY. 
 
 li 
 
tl' 
 
 150 THE BOllDEll WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1702-1703 
 
 war bad left them, their villages being equivalent to 
 outposts guarding the main avenues to Canada or 
 covering their lines of supply or retreat. And they 
 were situated just far enough from the English border 
 to make it difficult to attack them by surprise. Some 
 of the more wary among them, however, keenly realizing 
 the dangers to which they were exposed in time of war 
 were easily persuaded by M. de Vaudreuil to with- 
 draw themselves to Canada, ostensibly for their own 
 protection, but really as a defence against the Iroquois 
 These seceding Abenakis were located at Becancour 
 a httle river flowing into the St. Lawrence, midway be- 
 tween Montreal and Quebec ; and at Bh, Francis, on the 
 nver of that name, flowing into Lake St. Peter. They 
 were thus placed within supporting diet mce of each 
 other, under the keen eye of Vaudreuil and the watch- 
 ful care of the Jesuit missionaries!' Still others had 
 withdrawn from the Kennebec to Penobscot. 
 
 Dudley fully realized how much the peace of New 
 England depended upon holding the lately hostile tribes 
 ^^«">t firm to their professions of friendship. If 
 
 '^' they could be kept quiet the war would 
 
 be shorn of its terrors. It ^^^as therefore all-important 
 to know their present disposition, and to meet their 
 grievances, if such they had, in a spirit of conciliation 
 and just dealing. To this end he summoned them to a 
 council, which accordingly met at Casco,^ June 20, 1703, 
 
 > THE seignory of Becancour was granted in 1*547 to Sieur de Becancour The AhPn.iH 
 
 Village zz VLi"^z:t 'i^::?r '' 't- '^'^ ^"^•''" 
 
1703-1703] 
 
 THE NEW OUTLOOK 
 
 161 
 
 aud was largely attended by delegates from the diflfer- 
 ent tribes. Hither came the old, seasoned, war chiefs 
 of the Penobscots, Norridgewocks, Androscoggins and 
 Pennacooks, armed and painted for the ceremony, ac- 
 companied by a numerous retinue of their wild fol- 
 lowers. 
 
 When the council opened Dudley saluted the grave 
 sagamores present as his friends and brothers, and said 
 that he was come to reconcile whatever differences had 
 happened since the last treaty. After the usual pause, 
 the Indian orator who spoke for the rest assured the 
 governor that "as high as the sun was above the 
 earth," so far were their thoughts from breaking the 
 peace between them. In proof of sincerity they first 
 presented him with a belt of wampum, and then invited 
 him to go with them to the two heaps of stones, erected 
 to commemorate a former treaty at this place, affection- 
 ately called The Two Brothers.* Still further to 
 strengthen the bond between them, both parties added 
 more stones to the piles before them. A little later, the 
 noted chiefs Bomazeen and Captain Samuel came in to 
 declare that they, too, were " as firm as the mountains," 
 and should continue so " as long as the sun and moon 
 endured." 
 
 So far everything had gone smocthly. But some- 
 thing now occurred which disturbed the white men not 
 a little. The council was breaking up with the usual 
 noisy demonstrations of joy. When it came the turn of 
 each party to fire a salute, in ratification of the treaty, 
 upon being asked to do so the English fired first, with- 
 out hesitation. But when the Indians fired, it was no- 
 
 > This name has since been taken by the two little islands lying oflf the F.imonth 
 shore. 
 
152 THK BORDEU WAU8 OF mw iSUGLAND [lra)-„«i 
 
 ticed that their guns were loaded with baU.' Treach- 
 ery seemed luiking in the air. 
 A round of festivities succeeded the deliberations of 
 
 their hearts content. Many presents were given them 
 whzch were thankfully received; and the assemU; 
 broke up with fair promise that the harassing warfare 
 of former years would not be renewed. In this behef 
 he scattered settler, along the seaboard prepared to 
 sta^d therr ground, all unconscious of the storm about 
 to burst upon their devoted heads. 
 
 f.ii«i item i„ „ .. .;;" i^'^l:';;' ■ ™"»' "« "V'"^""'' '"' "^ 
 
 I! 
 
 Sf » 
 
 Sk. 
 
XVI 
 
 SrX TERRIBLE DAYS 
 
 August, 1703 
 
 While Dudley was congratulating himself upon hav- 
 ing brought the Indian tribes so emphatically to com- 
 mit themselves in favor of peace, \ audreuil, governor of 
 Canada, through his agents, the missionaries, was doing 
 his utmost to prevail on them to renew the war. Even 
 while the conference at Casco was in progress, it is as- 
 serted that the Sokokis, of Pigwacket, were only waiting 
 for a French reinforcement to begin their march for the 
 border. > 
 
 Under the late treaty « the French claimed to the 
 Kennebec. The EngUsh denied this claim in toto It 
 was no very difficult matter to bring the tribes living to 
 the east of that river, who had suffered in the past from 
 the encroachments of the English, into full and entire 
 accord with the French upon this question. boubUt 
 
 It was plain enough, even to the dullest quiltiom 
 
 perception, that, unless prevented, the English would 
 move back into the disputed territory, from which they 
 had so recently been driven, without loss of time. Al- 
 ready there was talk of rebuilding Pemaquid. Vau- 
 
 ' PKNHAIiOW. 
 
 ' Th' ^'^ uTl^^. ^r'^'''^ '^^"'^ ^'"^''* ^ ^••""°«' ^'thout fixing Its boundaries 
 The English still insisted that the St. Croix wa« the tn:e dividing line but in 1700 both 
 

 Si 
 
 [i 
 
 Wi 
 
 Ur 
 
 164 THK BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [nm 
 
 dreuil thiiH had anipk material uitli which to work 
 upon the fears or prejudices of the eastern tribes, and 
 he hastened to improve it. 
 
 As soon as hostilities had actually ceased inajiy of ihe 
 fugitive settlers had gone back to their deseitor^' hnmeB 
 between Wells and Falmouth. If his plans should suc- 
 ceed, Vaudi-euil aimed at nothing short of making a clean 
 sweep of all the settlements in Maine. If those in the 
 west were destroyed, he argued that there would be les'' 
 danger of the English renewing those in the east. So 
 the work was to be thoroughly done, by making a com- 
 bined attack on aU the settlements at once. In this way 
 one would be prevented from Iielping the other the 
 panic would become more widespread, and the con- 
 quest probribly be all the more easy. But first of aU 
 the Abenakis of Maine must be worked up to the proper 
 pitch of fury against the English. 
 
 A pretext was soon found. It chanced that while St 
 Castm was away from home, some lawless Englishmen 
 had plundered his house. He being an Abenaki chief 
 the Penobscots instantly resented it as an insult offered 
 to the whole tribe. The two missionaries, Bigot of Pe- 
 nobscot, and Rale of Norridgewock, seized the oppor- 
 tunity thus offered still further to inflame their wrath • 
 so that what ought to have been equitably adjusted' 
 without provoking ill-blood, was wickedly used to 
 plunge the nations into war again. This, at any rate 
 was the assigned cause. But the other fact that in 
 Pretext for less than eight weeks a general assault be- 
 gan on all the settlements of Maine de- 
 notes more preparation than so trivial a provocation- 
 would seem to imply. Be that as it may, on August 
 10th, several bands of French and Indians, clearly act- 
 
 Wn 
 
1703J 
 
 SIX TEIlRIliLE DAYS 
 
 166 
 
 ing in concert, and estimated at not less than five 
 hundred in all, suddenly fell upon the reviving villages 
 of Maine with fire and slaughter. 
 
 The blow seems to have fallen first upon Wells ' and 
 thence have been taken up all along the shore as far as 
 Falmouth. Not one hamlet escaped. At Wells thii-ty- 
 mne persons were either killed or carried away into 
 captivity. "^ 
 
 There is a local tradition touching an adventure of 
 one Stephen Harding, who kept the ferry at the Kenne- 
 
 ANCIENT rBBKY-WAY, KKNNEffll^K RIVBR. MB. 
 
 bunk River, where all travel passed at that time. The 
 story has probably lost nothing in being handed down 
 through several generations, yet its main incidents are 
 believed to be true. 
 
 At this early day the only travelled ways closely 
 hugged the seashore, taking advantage of the hard sand 
 bea<3hes, passing the intercepting streams by fords or 
 ferries, and cutting across ae gray, old, rock-ribbed 
 headlands by strips of half-worked roads, practicable 
 
 BoMr':^.h'"'Tii"'"l'? "*'"* " "°^ Kennebnnk. Nowh of the attack reached 
 the air 'a ; J "" '""""''' "" '•'^ "^"^ ""-^ "^ exaggerated accounts of 
 the affair. A.ignst 13, at .n^l.t. „e,v« co.nes from Well« thnt they have bnriod 15- 
 duirt not go to bury their uttermost (outermost). Lost, as thev fear, fiO," .?«««// 
 
 i i . 1 
 
U)6 
 
 THK noilDKJc WAU8 OF NKVV KN(jr.ANI) 
 
 iPf, 
 
 m 
 
 t:f 
 
 ri7(K{ 
 
 only for the two-wl.o«l,„l a^rU tl,.,„ in „ho, yet .liguilied 
 by the «„„n.hng title of the Kij,g'„ ||ig|,„.ay8.. 
 
 Hard.ng'8 log-house stood on u „„ell of ground en- 
 closed be ween Oooch's beaeh, the .nain river, and u tidal 
 creek making in from it toward the west. From here 
 
 toward Wells, so that no one could approach the house 
 that way unseen in the daytime, if the occupants were 
 on the lookout. 
 
 Tradition reports Harding to have been a man of un- 
 common physical strength and courage-in fuct, a veri- 
 table giant. The Indians knew him well, and he knew 
 tliem of old. 
 
 One morning, on going out of the house, Harding 
 sawqmte a large body of some sort of people coming over 
 the beach from the direction of Wells. He was at tirst 
 undecided whether they were friends or foes, but their 
 WMy movements soon satisfied him that they must be 
 Indians. They were, in fact, the raiders who had 
 ravaged Wells the day before, returning with their 
 pnsoners and booty. 
 
 It was now Hai-ding'g turn to be alarmed. Fortu- 
 nately the redskins were still a good way off; but there 
 lining., was not a moment to lose. Hurrring 
 
 to take their little year-old infant, make haste with it 
 across the creek, and hide herself at a certain oak-tree 
 
 up the child, and ran off with it, as she was told ; while 
 Harding, more bold than pnident, remained behind to 
 
 Meantime, the thought strack Harding that mo.« 
 
1708] 
 
 SIX TERRIBLE DAYS 
 
 lfi7 
 
 If so he 
 
 Indians might bo lurking about his premises, 
 would inevitiibly be caught in the toils. 
 
 It turned out as he thought, for upon going into 
 his blacksmith shop, and giving a loud whoop, four 
 stout Indians started up from the ground where they 
 had lain concealed, and made a rush for him. Hard- 
 ing now thought only of making his own escape. His 
 cornfield offered the only cover at hand, so into it he 
 
 SOKNB OF HARDING'S KXPLOIT. 
 
 plunged, making rapid strides for the creek. But while 
 running at the top of his speed, who should he see but 
 his wife lying prostrate among the corn ? Overcome 
 by terror, the poor woman had sunk down helpless, 
 after going only a few rods from the house. 
 
 Harding's extraordinary strength was now put to 
 the test. Taking his wife under one arm, and her babe 
 under the other, he dashed on again for the creek, 
 plunged in, waded through mud and water, to the oppo- 
 site bank, and dived into the woods beyond, while his 
 
\ 
 
 [1708 
 
 II 
 
 1:1 
 
 I III 
 
 158 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 baffled pursuers stood looking at him from the shore he 
 had just left. 
 
 Harding's faithful dog had followed close at his 
 master s heels. The animal was killed for fear that his 
 barking would betray the route the fugitives had taken. 
 Ihey then plunged deeper into the woods. AU that 
 night they lay hid. Late on the next day they reached 
 Storer s garrison, at Wells, weary, footsore, and famish- 
 ing It IS more than probable that the Indians wished 
 to take Harding alive, or he would hardly have got off 
 so easily They showed great admiration for his prow- 
 ess m this affair, often .^aying, when speaking of him 
 
 Much man Stephen ; all same one Indian " 
 ..TC'u^^^J Harding's house, pulling up his com, 
 ^d killing his hogs, the savages crossed the river to 
 Wilham Larrabee's, whose wife and three children were 
 inhumanly butchered, while the husband and father 
 was a horrified witness of the deed from a place where 
 ne had concealed himself. 
 
 From here they moved two miles farther up the river 
 to Phihp Durell's house, at Kennebunk Landing. They 
 found no oneat home here but the women and children 
 Durell himself being absent. When he did get back 
 at nightfall, it was to a desolate home.^ 
 
 Cape Porpoice, being inhabited by only a few fisher- 
 men, was wholly laid waste, and, for the second time in 
 n«ine beset. 1*8 history, depopulated. Upon the ap- 
 pearance of the enemy at Winter Harbor 2 
 the inhabitants took refuge in Fort Mary. Here the 
 
 off !tTT'' f*"^ "^ J^onnebunkport, further relates that the IndlanB carried 
 off, atth,s time. 7.rs. Durell, her two daughters, Sn«an and Rachel, and two Ls onJ 
 of V hom, Philip, .as an infant. The prisoners we.^ taken as far .. CrXeT F^^ 
 bunr MeO When Mrs. Durell was allowed to go home with her infTnt Sth da„S 
 niarr.ru Frenchmen, and refused to return affer the war aaughtera 
 
 * THOuau locally preserved, the name is now merged in that of Biddeford Pool 
 
1703] 
 
 SIX TERRIBLE DAYS 
 
 159 
 
 attack was repulsed/ but that made on the stone fort » at 
 the falls, above, was more successful, thirty-five persons 
 being kiUed or taken there. At Scarborough, the gar- 
 rison bravely held out until assistance reached them. 
 At Spurwink,3 a neighborhood of Cape Elizabeth, in- 
 habited almost exclusively by families of the name of 
 Jordan, no less than twenty-two persons of that name 
 were killed or taken. At Purpooduck, another little 
 fishing hamlet of Cape Elizabeth, finding no men at 
 home, the marauders murdered twenty-five and canied 
 off eight of the women and children. 
 
 It only remained to dispose of the fort and settle- 
 ment at Falmouth. The veteran Major John March 
 was then in command of the fort. Stratagem was first 
 resorted to. While the main body of assailants kept 
 out of sight, three chiefs boldly advanced to the ga^^- 
 with a flag of truce. At first, March paid no atten- 
 tion to the flag, but finally went out to meet it, taking 
 with him two others, aU three being unarmed. His men 
 were, however, warned to be watchful against treach- 
 ery. Only a few words had been exchanged, when the 
 Indians drew their hatchets from ^mder their blank- 
 ets, and fell with fury upon March and his compan- 
 ions. March being a man of great physical strength, suc- 
 ceeded m wresting a hatchet fiom one of his assailants 
 with which he kept them off until a file of men came to 
 his rescue. Luckily he escaped with a few slight wounds. 
 
 rl7"^ty\T''*^"'' ''^^''*"''' '*""""'"« Penhallow, errs in saying that this K«r. 
 DZr" H . . T *'"^ •"""""""^•^'^ »'y Captain Turfrey. who writes to Govcror 
 Dndley under date of Angu.t, 1703. to the above effect. See Ma.sac^umt. Archive, 
 
 s^cLi:: : d r"' '''"■ ''"'''' ""*^ ^° ^■■"*'''''''' ^•^y'"« ^''^^ *»>« '-^« « ^-i 
 
 Blftckpoint. and Ca.co were assanlted. bnt were yet safe. W,mr,rop Paper. 
 * The attack here was known in Boston on the 12th. 
 
160 
 
 I'M BOBDEB WARS OF XEW E^Gi^^„ 
 
 [170S 
 
 One of his g„;S" Zltlh^rr "' ^ """^^ ^^'«- 
 
 tte fort if the altLp to etSe r ° "*'"« «*" 
 succeeded. surprise March's party had 
 
 ago^i^Spol^eitd \'-'-''''' *'^ - 
 were soon blaing i' 1 ^idet "t^ T '"^^ """"^ 
 turned to attack the fort. For six d^™ fh""' ^^ '*- 
 mon defended itself nnflinchTnJty. '?Jt Ih^'r" 
 tlie besiegei-s were joined bv thl . J^ ""* *""« 
 P-~-.«.M* who had been ^L .<'°''''"'«»'« ba^ds, 
 •^ at the west "^S. r^."" ''^fore them 
 
 leader, now pressed th» • ^^''l^^^^i". the French 
 «kill CovereTr he b^nr ""tf-'^^ -gor and 
 the savages set toV^ ^^^^I'^tont '"1 ^"""'' 
 for two days and nights tb^^l7""'^'^^^- 
 way under the bank toward fl t,^. ^""^'^ ""^^ 
 hindrance from the I^t *he pahsade without any 
 
 have ca^ed tZLt^lXtrT " '"'' ^"^ *° 
 provincial galley comZlT^' }"" *''* """^ "^ ^e 
 PO«e in a hu^Ttw*t''"*^8'™''-«'t''eirpur- 
 -*ngparty. Snfhefir.l^^.f-f-' their 
 Two hundred canoes wp^. a . T ^^^ decamped. 
 
 ht up by the fires kindled bvL f ^ ^^ * "'^ ""^^ ^"^ 
 -lyr.eivedherdea:h'.,SrS-,Jt:t:^ 
 
[inis 
 
 170S] 
 
 SIX TEBBIBLB DAYS 
 
 161 
 
 fare border nothing was left standing except a few iso 
 lated ga^sons, and it was a question if evenC 
 could hold out much longer. The deception Td been 
 so complete, the onset so sudden, that ofganLdlesisT 
 auce was out of the question. The EnLh heeSe^ 
 
 lftoa\r' .°V^ «^"^«^« «'°-' ^ "e'en £ 
 
 11 
 
f V 
 
 I' ' 
 III 
 
 I eg 
 
 I! 
 
 II ! 
 
 it 
 
 XVII 
 
 THE WAR GROWS IN SAVAGERY 
 
 1703 
 
 The preceding chapter closed the record of six ter- 
 nble days which had left a track of blood for fifty miles 
 along the stricken seaboard of Maine. How fared ii 
 with the exposed frontiers of New Hampshire after this 
 new outbreak ? We have scarcely patience to continue 
 he sad reel al of indiscriminate slaughter, which cast 
 the silence of death over so many desolated hearthstones 
 in this ancient province. 
 
 On August 17th a war party, led by Captain Tom 
 set upon Hampton ViUage. Five of the inhabitants 
 were kJled, one of whom, a widow Mussey was a 
 noted Friend. They also plundered two houts her! 
 before a general alarm brought the people together in 
 sufficient numbers to drive the assailants away 
 
 Fear and dismay now spread on the wings of the 
 wind. It could never be known where the subtle 
 enemy would stnkenext; hence the widespread alarm 
 which at once turned every man's thoughts to his own 
 means of defence. Little enough could be done where 
 dS« ' th« onemy possessed every advantage- 
 
 particularly that of choosing his own time 
 
 ""^ f*"' If *^'- ^™' '""^ ™"''' »— s wc re rT 
 «.rted to. The people were ordered into the garrisons. 
 Only the most necessary labor was performed, and that 
 
1703] 
 
 THE WAR GROWS IN SAVAGERY 
 
 163 
 
 went on under the protection of an armed guard. The 
 women and children were ordered to be sent out of the 
 Maine garrisons to a place of safe ty. Wadleigh's and 
 Somerby's troops were quartered at Wells to prevent 
 the d'3couraged inhabitants from deserting the place in 
 
 ANCIKNT SKAT OF THE PIGWACKKTT8, PRYBBURG, ME. 
 
 a body ; while a foot company of a hundred men was 
 ordered to man tlie remaining garrisons there, the horse 
 being designed to keep the roads well scouted and pa- 
 trolled. 
 
 But for these prompt anr" t d/jient measures it is 
 doubtful where the panic would Lave ended. 
 
 Dudley had thus met the outbreak firmly. In Au- 
 
 ' 1 
 
164 
 
 lii 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1708 
 
 turned to Ms neXiTST' .""^ *"""'«« 
 admitted with 1.0 very me^L/?' "'""S'' '' •""«* ^^ 
 indeed, sent a trloD ZT t "^^^ Connecticut, 
 Bhode'l«la.d held Zf ^''"'^""" ^™"*^' "»* 
 
 Bud, , , detenn^rtotiltn^:: Vr -- -^ 
 vellms Marph f^ ^^'^^^ not Und then vay, com- 
 
 Ln4 ^ix^z^^:^j:^ 
 eouis r;trd tS: th^''^e.^/rdrdV°'"!: 
 
 be^ their depredations in MainT £ J'^TS 
 out to, .or. i,. the neigh WiJlt^ItZrj-f 
 
IVK] 
 
 THE WAR GROWS IN SAVAGERY 
 
 165 
 
 one man either killed (^r taken. ' This bloody affair took 
 place on October 6th. Emboldened by their success, by 
 which the force there wis greatly weak- Btack Poi«t 
 ened, the savages next assaulted the gar- h«rrte4. 
 
 rison itself. Eight men under Lieutenant Wyatt, with 
 the help of two vessels then lying in the harbor, held 
 out until they were able to make good their retreat on 
 board the vessels, when the triumphant enemy quickly 
 set the fort on fire ; and so that link in Dudley's chain 
 of defence was broken apart. 
 
 After performing this exploit the Indians renewed 
 their outrages in and about York and Berwick, seem- 
 ingly intent upon destroying every white settlement in 
 Maine. At York the wife and five children of Arthur 
 Bragdon were slain, and Mrs. Hannah Parsons and her 
 daughter carried into captivity. 
 
 It being worse than useless to play at hide and seek 
 with these vigilant foemen, who first showed themselves 
 in one place and then in another, far distant, the au- 
 thorities persevered in the plan of hunting them down 
 in their own villages. Usualiy, it was next to impos- 
 sible for white men to approach them undiscovered, 
 and after long and frightful marches a few deserted 
 wigwams would be all that the disappointed ra^/^ers 
 could find. This autumn, however, Colonel March was 
 more fortunate. During a second march to Pigwacket 
 his men killed six Indians, and took six m^ro. That he 
 should have travelled so far to effect so little, or that 
 so trifling a result should be hailed as a great success, 
 is a telling commentary upon the peculiar character of 
 Indian warfare. Nothing more discouraging or more 
 
 » The spot where this affair occurred is on Prout's Neck, in Scarborough, and has 
 ever since been knonii as Massacre Pond. 
 
' il 
 
 166 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 (1708 
 
 Srlf ^ """ ""^ ^ imagined, yet there was no 
 
 This success induced the Massachusetts government 
 to offer a bounty of twenty ' pounds for every Indian 
 «Mip bounty. ^*^P' '^^'en by volunteer ranging parties 
 thus bringing into the conflict the new' 
 and to this later generation repugnant, incentive of 
 private gain. This was treating Indians and wolves 
 alike. It was even more; for thus to authorize the 
 forming of scalping parties was to put those engaging 
 
 yJT'M r '^r'."^*'' '^' ^''^ees themselves 
 let }» ohc feehng had reached a point when no more 
 w«f= tn.ught of kiUing an Indian than a wolf Pen- 
 „ ""!; who is by no means a bloody-minded writer, 
 says .Uat this bounty prompted some and animated 
 other, to "a noble emulation." The Bev. Solomon 
 Stoddard minister of Northampton, venerated for his 
 
 r'fT' f ^.''™'^,'" ^^^ -"M^t of hostile alarms, declared 
 that the Lidians should be looked upon only as " thieves 
 and murderers," and he proposed hunting them down 
 with dogs "the same as we do bears," as the best and 
 only way of tracking them to their dens.^ He savs 
 what is quite true, that the same thing had been done 
 with success m Virginia, and goes on to quiet any 
 qualms that might arise on the score of inhumanity 
 by the plea of an ineiiorable necessity. There is no 
 doubt whatever that he spoke the ijeneral opinion. At 
 that very moment his own flock Were anxiously discuss- 
 ing the chances of having the Indians come down upon 
 them without a moment's warning. Then again the 
 
 n.o.^xr;"""' *■""" ■'"°"'' ""' «» *" «' ^'p"""*. '. t«. ...w «o„ 
 
 " Letter to Govv' nor Dudlev. Octohpr 94 i7n-^ ^^ T^ , , 
 a .cverence wMch win scarcely L rcnToL t an^'otii JI:!"'' "'"' '^ "''^ '''' " '" 
 
1706] 
 
 THE WAR GROWS IN SAVAGERY 
 
 167 
 
 Snowshoe 
 men. 
 
 atrocities of the last war were now freshly recalled with 
 fear and trembling ; and where hardly one family could 
 be found, along a wide extent of border, not mourning 
 the loss of a relative or a friend, the morahty of any ef- 
 fectual method of retaliation was not likely to be called 
 in question. 
 
 It resulted that no less than seven companies of 
 rangers were engaged in scorning the woods for scalps 
 during the winter, under the bounty act— a stroke of 
 policy relieving the authorities of the expense of main- 
 taining an equal force of enlisted men. In their 
 marches these rangers made use of snowshoes, as the 
 Canada Indians had done in their de- 
 scents, for which reason they were styled 
 snowshoe men. Thus equipped, they were able to 
 reach the farthest haunts of the savages in the depth of 
 winter, without more fatigue than the same march 
 would have caused them in summer. 
 
 One company only succeeded in finding any Indians. 
 This was the one commanded by Colonel William 
 Tyng, of Dunstable, who went to the headquarters of 
 "Old Harry," so-called; at Lake Winnipesaukee, where 
 five Indians, including "Old Harry" himself, were 
 slain. ^ 
 
 All could not prevent the daring enemy from molest- 
 ing the settlers when and how they pleased, and Indian 
 cunning was often more than a match for English wit. 
 Thus, on December 20th, three out of five Saco men, 
 who were bringing home wood, were found slain. 
 Seven more, who were also out of the garrisons, luckily 
 
 ' BisiDKS the bounty, the heirs of the actors in this afifair were subsequently 
 granted a tract of land at first called " Harry's " Town, then Tyngstown, then Derry- 
 fieia, and lastly MancheBter, N. U. 
 
168 
 
 ■'"" "°'"'''« "^ARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 i I 
 
 ri708 
 
 BtwIcHm. most dosuer»f„ »f* \ """"i a week, a 
 
 stray BeXlct "theTf ', "T ""^^ '" ''<'- 
 It was on the morlTnf T "' '°™ °' ^''^''■ 
 
 in »»mbe,. bTl: '1 7"' "^1 ^ "^'-P"'^' «""J' 
 
 tanee off. « ".T t fe^ s'" 't^ "T <"- 
 quickly overtaken ami Ir„n„i 7j * 8"'' "^as 
 
 a tomahawk, but the ad s m k 7" """j "' ^'"^ °' 
 reached the ganiZ when L ^ '"^ """^ '""' '''""'«' 
 
 and were come obse 1 to^l T. *°^"'^ ""^ earrison, 
 from the flanker laid 1 , \ J " '"'" "'"^-l «tot 
 Wnile his con,™dt te e\usf r ''1 °'' *« ^""-J- 
 away, the yonng maT l,,,!? ?■ °^ '" ^^S *« ^odj 
 safety into the LTonZ ^'T'" '^''"' "■"! 8°* 
 Smith's garrisonTt «;» f™"'*""^ ""«" f«" «F)n 
 
 -eivethem, th^yw rfLr:e ; *'T ^-8 »ady'to 
 of their nnmber wounded Mr"* "f ""^ °^ '^» 
 aroused the people at Rv T'""«' *« fi^ng had 
 Brown, with alufa dozen ^d '"""". '"'^"'^ 
 c.pu.„B„w„.. speed he coXo^e Ti T^" "^^ *•■« 
 '"""'• bors ^r ''*^'*' ""'is neigh- 
 
 were engaged in tind^. """"f "P"" ^e Indians as they 
 
 ■s-.u.»«„, '• """^^'y •■'«' npon them and put 
 
 ^0„.„ „.„« „ ,^ ,„^^^ ^^^^ ^ Ke«o.e»„„«k ,„ ., 
 
 "WBunoofc In the accounta of the 
 
1703] 
 
 TIIK WAR GROWS IN SAVAGERY 
 
 169 
 
 them to flight. Brown'8 party fired briskly at tho fugi- 
 hvoH as they ran oil' thrciigh the snow, wounding several 
 as afterward appear.'d by the bloody tracks in the snow 
 and making theia >ave all their plunder behind, besides 
 some of tiieir own natchets and blanketH. The want of 
 snow-shoes prevented the English from pursuing until 
 the next day. In this raid the savages burnea two 
 houses and killed about seventy cattle, besides a good 
 many sheep.' 
 
 A little later in the season, on Febniaiy 8th, a small 
 party of the enemy made a more successful descent 
 upon Joseph Bradley's garrison, si uated in the north- 
 erly part of Haverhill. Hero the inmaten liad gone about 
 their usual employments, so thoughtless of danger that 
 the gates of the garrison wer«. left standing wide open 
 Bradley's wife, Hannah, who had been made a prisoner 
 at the same time as Mrs. Dustan, was busy ,y,„ g^.^,^ 
 stirring a kettle of boiling soap, over the " tie!?! 
 
 fire, while Jonathan Johnson, a soldier, was loitering 
 about the house, when a small party of savages, rushed 
 m upon them, tomahawk in hand. Mrs. Bradley in- 
 stantly flung a ladlef ul of boiling soap into the face of 
 the foremost savage, putting hitn ho,,, de combat, hnt 
 his companions seized her, kilP d Johnson on the spot, 
 and hurried the rest of the inmates oflf into the woods 
 before an alarm could spread to the village. 
 
 Thus this heroic woman became for the second time 
 a captive. She was now obliged to travel on foot in 
 the deep snow, carrying a burdei. that would have been 
 heavy for a strong man to bear, with no other food for 
 days together except some tough scraps of dried skins 
 
 JJifl^^ ir^" "*"°- '" ''"^' *** ^°'*"'"°'" ^"•''^y' ^^^^ the day after the attack • 
 Hif J^S •?« T' "^"'^ "'«""«"«d by Penhallow, who makeB the Indians lose nine 
 kUled, though March knew of but one. 
 
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 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW mQLA^i, 
 
 [1708 
 
 ^dSrS^^^tr^""'^ of bees, wild onions 
 her durii the lo^" ''^ «"««7. « child was bom to 
 
 its life at aU risks Zt^w= ^ ^°°8''' '" "'^ 
 
 the face otj^h.^t^ ^^ °*" *° impossible in 
 
 length put it to death hJ^ of . the wilderness, and at 
 moSth to ati iteXtigT *^""^ ''<" «"''>«™ i»to its 
 
 v/{jc7i;uer naa ow men in service Naw ti««. u- 
 turnuig out every fourth man fit iT^^ifZ S^^IT 
 exigencies of the times o«n^ t "r""®^ <*"*?• The 
 labors on the w TfL^^ !. *^* """* "'^'•ous 
 
 Bious often tch'e^^ir'n::ht°"c"' ""''" "'■ 
 W.B painfuUy slow. wC ^ nf t^e^S^r^f " 
 
 rtt;*tr^„,rp:&^^^^^^^ 
 
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 snatch a few hours' 8le«« wV wu' . ""*' "ould 
 
 got roa., for TreS' ^^L IVl^Z'"] T^^ 
 
 g-ns.^be^ns and bonfire ^.Z^ttl^^X 
 
 
[1708 
 
 onions 
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 1708] 
 
 THL WAR GROWS IN SAVAGERY 
 
 Late in January, as the council was breaking up at 
 Boston, Colonel Schuyler Walked into the chamber, ac- 
 companied by a young man of soldierly port, knowii to 
 a few there as Colonel Samuel Vetch. Few thought of 
 him as destined to play so conspicuous a 
 part in the near future as subs^jquently ^""•'^•*«»'- 
 turned out to be the case. Yet Vetch was no less des- 
 tined to make his m- \ in these unquiet times, because 
 they were exactly suited to his genius and his ambition. 
 And in the years to come Vetch was sure to appear in 
 every important crisis. 
 
 Vetch is first heard of as one of the survivors of the 
 memorable Darien colony of 1688-89, he being then a 
 young Scotch captain attached to that ill-fated and ill- 
 conceived expedition. From Darien Vetch came to 
 New York, where his energetic character and natural 
 abilities soon won for him fiiends and social position, 
 as is evinced by his marrying into the Livingston 
 family soon after.* Never very scrupulous, he seems 
 easily to have fallen into the loose notions, too preva- 
 lent among a certain class of merchants of that day, for 
 we presently find him charged with carrying on an il- 
 licit trade with Canada. He is next heard of in Boston, 
 seeking employment in the wars. 
 
 ' >^ * U> nuurried the daughtor of Bobert Livingston. 
 
 ring 
 
!i 
 
 i 
 
 xvm 
 
 THE SACKING OF DEERFIELD 
 
 Febraaiy 28, 1704 
 
 Hatwo Struck a benmabiiiK blow »t tj,„ „ 
 tlements of Maine, and thro^ ^Tfh.rl^"^' ""*- 
 Btate of unspeakable te,^rZdLT-°''^'" ^*''* 
 the oolomal forces huni^ M « oonfusiou, and while 
 
 Bcouring the wol irp^^t rf'^"'«^"»« ^'^J 
 the eueu.y was getti^rj *:' ^^ fb,"''^?' 
 po^o.u.ote thatlitUe ,i,^C^'^'':^l 
 
 the^cisrvSirs t ^"r "*"--* of 
 
 destruction. ^' ^ "^ »"6'»d ""t for swift 
 
 dot*the''Xr™s'i'" 1*^ ««*««■"»*« 'o- 
 hazards, sinr^e^ ZtvT"^.' *° '«"'* >* «* all 
 
 porting LtancTof the ri 'T'^*' ""/ "^""■" «•>?- 
 colony, Dudley saw tharhelpXur: "' ^''""^o^O"* 
 - of need. Notlnng. in i^^^T^ J^fJ^- » 
 
 actually covered Connl w '^^ ' **"" ^o^^i^e. 
 
1704] 
 
 THB SACKING OP DEERFIELD 
 
 173 
 
 Governor Winthrop * with considerable warmth, until 
 a sort of tacit understanding was reached that Connec- 
 ticut should aid in defending that part of the valley in 
 question, upon the appearance of danger.=» 
 
 Dudley, who had so many irons in the fire, was com- 
 pelled to be satisfied with these half measures, simply 
 because he could do no better. He knew— everybody 
 knew— that to repel an Indian attack forces must be 
 on the spot, not at a distance. The moral eflfect, how- 
 ever, was good. Including the promised aid, there 
 were in the four towns of Northampton, p^^^^^^ 
 
 Hadley, Hatfield, and Deerfield about five •twngth. 
 
 hundred fighting men. By adding Springfield, the 
 whole valley probably could muster at least six hundred 
 and fifty men.^ But not more than half of these could 
 be put in the field without leaving the towns to wEich 
 they belonged unguarded, and that was not to be 
 thought of. 
 
 The physical defences ./ere of the rudest kind. 
 
 Some years before, all or most of the houses in Deer- 
 field had been enclosed by a stout timber stockade ; but 
 with the growth of the place, both old and oeerfieid 
 
 new settlers were forced to build outside, ■i«™ed. 
 
 where their farms lay.* Inside and out, there were 
 forty houses, or, as some say, forty-one. Warned by the 
 kidnapping of two persons belonging there that Indians 
 
 » UsuAixT called Pitz-John, the prefix telng used to distingulbh hira tnm hit father 
 and Krandfather, John Winthrop. 
 
 3 Thb correspondence between the two governors on this head is In the Winthrop 
 Fapert. 
 
 •AoooBDiNO to a report mads by Colonel Samnel Partridge, who had mlUtaiy 
 charge over the valley settlements, Hatfield had 100 men of its owu, Hadley tb« same 
 number, Northampton 160, and Deorfleld 25 just after the raid. Springfield is omitted 
 from the Ust. Adding the sixty from Connecticut, imd allowing Deerfield only the 
 same number as Hatfield, the six towns could muster not less than 660 fighting men. 
 
 < I.RTEB of Rev. John WUUams to Governor Dudley. MoMUChmettH Archivet, 
 
 jllill 
 
 w 
 
174 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW BKOLAND 
 
 [inM 
 
 were lurking near them, aware that their village was 
 greatly exposed to attack, the alarmed settlers had now 
 taken refuge inside the stockade, where they were over- 
 crowded, restless discontented, and as time wore on 
 without anything further occurring to excite their fears, 
 toj^uch disposed to regard the whole affair as a fals^ 
 
 Most of the old stockade having rotted away, it was 
 dangerous t»letit remain in that condition, alid also 
 dangerous to go into the woods after the timber to re- 
 new It. In fact, the imperilled settlers hardly knew 
 which way to turn. They wer« afraid to remain, yet 
 forbidd^ to remove. Many were on the point of leav- 
 ing probably some did leave, but as their fears abated 
 ^^A °' *f '^'"l «y« '« tteir own, kept them mostly 
 steady at the post of duty. This was the situation in 
 the autumn of 1703. 
 
 fr„![r*'T-^**irt!''''"y'*'" "' ^'"^y had learned 
 from some fnendly Mohawks, who were returning from 
 
 a visit to their Canada relations, that an attack on Deer- 
 field was actimlly in preparation. Schuyler lost no time 
 m nohfying Governor Dudley. In the valley the news 
 caused a panic. All occupations save those of watching 
 and scouting were laid aside. The Connecticut horse 
 came up at a gallop. But as time wore on and no enemy 
 appeared, the panic subsided. Like the old cry of 
 wolf! it felled, at last, to arouse even a hnguid in- 
 terest. 6,0 the autumn passed away and the long winter 
 Set in. 
 
 It was in the depth of winter, and the snow lay deep 
 fJong the ^aceful valley, and high up the Lged 
 mo^tein sides^ The river, now soKdly frozen over, 
 formed an ice-bndge from bank to bank. The nearl 
 
1704] 
 
 THE SACKING OF DEEBFIELD 
 
 175 
 
 est village lay some miles below. There was little 
 for the husbandman to do, except to watch the slow 
 lengthening of the days, as the morning sun climbed 
 the eastern hiUs, or note his briUiant setting behind 
 the darkening mountains on the west. So he woke, 
 and dozed and slept again without care and without 
 fear. 
 
 But while these settlers were thus resting in the most 
 profound security, all unknown to them the Governor of 
 Canada was launching one of his murder- Rouviiie's w«f- 
 ous expeditions against them. The his- p»rty. 
 
 torian, Charlevoix, says it consisted of two hundred and 
 fifty men, commanded by Hertel de Bouville ; other 
 writers place the numbers much higher. It matters 
 little; there were enough and more than enough for 
 the terrible work cut out for them here. Perhaps the 
 Jesuit historian forgot to include the Indians who 
 joined De Rouville later. 
 
 It was a frightful march to look forward to; though in 
 
 some respects, perhaps not so difficult as if made at a 
 
 diflferent season of the year, the party being equipped 
 
 with snow-shoes, on which they could move with ease and 
 
 rapidity over the frozen crust. Streams could be passed 
 
 on the ice ; swamps were no longer to be avoided ; rough 
 
 or broken giound offered no hindrance. Yet was the 
 
 march long and painful. At each halting-place, sheltered 
 
 only from the cutting blasts by burjing themselves in 
 
 the depths of the forest, these hardy rangers would 
 
 scrape out shallow burrows in the snow, in which they 
 
 lay huddled together around a few fagots, like so many 
 
 shaggy dogs, until roused to begin the march again. 
 
 And like dogs they would have only to shake themselves 
 
 to be ready. The bearded Canadian and the painted 
 
 ir 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
\ 
 
 176 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [ITOi 
 
 J! 
 
 savage shared this wretched bivouac together spurred 
 ou by the thirst for booty and slaughter * 
 
 seem to have conspired against this lonely outoost 
 among the mounteins. Cold had bridged the stems 
 had smoothed the way over the deep snows, wUcTL' 
 ^mg lu^ so drifted up against thest'octade i t^mak" 
 scaling It m one or more places from the outside an 
 easy matter. Yet, instead of redoubling their ^^ 
 ae heedless settlers seem to have thought the S 
 of the weather their greatest safeguard. 
 
 One man only could not shake off the feeling of im- 
 pending danger. This was John Williams, minister^/ 
 
 wUiil" ?^'^«>'1'»«^ of niuch force of character, 
 
 leammg and piety. So strongly had the 
 presentunent of evil taken possession of M.n'^^^t he 
 preached it in his sermons. Finding this tim; throwL 
 away he apphed for and obteined a reinforcement rf 
 twenty soldiers just four days before the murderous a^ 
 
 ™h *' t^l *° ^.''^'^ ^^ ^^- Williams was now 
 undoubtedly easier in his mind, thinking that a morl 
 
 wl'^^'rr^'r There wereLdenwat" 
 which the sentinels took up their poste at nightfaU, re- 
 :^,*ir"^- ^•'«'^«^*ofMondfy.Febru- 
 At the hour when the mothers of Deerfield were 
 was to be that sleep fr»m which there is no wakUig 
 
 only two mJes from the vilhige. Not daring to ligh 
 fires, they shivered through the long hours as best th" 
 
1704J 
 
 THE SACKING OF DEiSRPIELD 
 
 177 
 
 could, whae warmth and comfort reigned in the happy 
 homes so soon to be made desolate. 
 
 Finding aU quiet, shortly after midnight De Eou- 
 ville aroused his men for the assault. 
 
 Like shadows they stole out of the woods, where 
 they had lain huddled together for warmth. As the 
 crust had grown hard enough to bear a man's weight, 
 snow-shoes were left behind. Great caution was taken 
 in approaching the stockade. There were frequent 
 halts to listen. It was needless. The faithless guards 
 had left their posts, and the sleeping village lay whoUy 
 at the mercy of the invaders. 
 
 It was about two hours before day when Bouville's 
 vanguard approa<3hed the stockade, unseen and unchal- 
 lenged. Quick to act, the foremost assailants lightly 
 moimted over the snowdrifts, let themselves drop down 
 on the inside, and ran to unbar the gate to their com- 
 panions, Tho rushed into the stockade 
 screeching and yelling like so many fiend^ ^'"''^ ""^ 
 incarnate. They then scattered themselves right and 
 left, so as to let none escape, and the work of slaughter 
 began. ° 
 
 The pen is powerless to portray the fright and bewil- 
 derment of that moment. To the suddenly awakened 
 inhabitants it must have seemed like the dawning of 
 the Judgment Day. 
 
 TiT^ wMv^'^^'''^ ^* «°« ^as the experience of all, and 
 m. WiUiams has told his own in a most graphic way.» 
 His house was one of tha very first to be attacked. 
 Leaping out of bed in his shirt, Williams ran for the 
 door, just as the Indians had forced their way in. Two 
 
 print^!^ ««te«««. Captive Jtetuming to ZUm, of which many editions have be«> 
 
\ 
 
 I I 
 
 178 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 soldiers lodged with him. Shouting to them to get 
 up, WiUiams darted back to his bedside for his pistol 
 vmuMnu snatched it up, leveUed it at the foremost 
 
 11* J .,. . .^"^ ^ ^® "^^ entering the room, and 
 pulled the tngger. Luckily for Williams it missed fire, 
 or his hfe, probably, would have paid the forfeit (m the 
 instant. He was instantly seized, disarmed and bound, 
 and kept standing for near an hour in the cold, without 
 a rag of clothes on except his shirt. Meantime, two 
 of his young children, with his negro woman, were 
 dragged to the door and despatched ; while Mrs Will- 
 ies, brutally turned out of a sick bed, with five more 
 of her children, was reserved to share her husband's 
 captivity. The house was then ransacked from top to 
 bottom. ^ 
 
 While the Indians were thus employed, John Stod- 
 dard, one of the two soldiers who lodged with Williams 
 that night, waa aroused by the uproar. Only one av- 
 enue of escape was open to him, and of that he hastened 
 to avail himself. It was the work of a moment to jump 
 out of bed, throw up the window, leap to the ground 
 and make for the river, over the snow, all undressed 
 and m his bare feet. The snow was three feet deep, 
 and the nearest settlement several miles away. At the 
 sto«.rd', nioment of making his hasty exit he had 
 1 , m, . presence of mind to snatch up his 
 
 oloBk This was quickly torn into strips and wrapped 
 abound his benumbed feet, sandal-wise. In this wretch- 
 ed plight he continued his flight to Hatfield, where he 
 arnved more dead than alive, to give an account of the 
 bloody work going on above. 
 
 Ensign John Sheldon's house stood near the north- 
 west angle of the stockade. It was well for him that 
 
1704J 
 
 THE SACKING OP DBERPIELD 
 
 179 
 
 he was not at home. Mrs. Sheldon was startled from a 
 sonnd sleep by the din of blows, mining down against 
 her door. The poor woman could only sit up in bed 
 and listen in an agony of terror and suspense. The 
 door, being barred, re- 
 sisted every effort made 
 to force it. Failing in 
 this, the assailants then 
 
 set to work sheWoo'. hou- 
 chopping a plllaged. 
 
 hole with their axes, 
 and when they had suc- 
 ceeded in doing so, a 
 savage put his eye to it 
 and peered in. Someone 
 was seen stirring in the 
 dim light within. In- 
 stantly a musket was 
 thrust in and fired. ^ The 
 fatal bullet struck poor 
 Mrs. Sheldon, as she 
 was in the act of ris- 
 ing from her bed, and __ 
 
 she fell back upon it a wor of shbldon house, with harks or 
 
 corpse. ^'^^ 
 
 Meantime, her son John and his wife Hannah, who 
 slept upstairs>, and were also awakened by the tumult, 
 sought to escape by jumping out of the window. The 
 snow broke the force of the fall somewhat. Young 
 Sheldon quickly scrambled to his feet unhurt, and made 
 for the woods, which he fortunately gained, and by 
 
 dISwI'""'* """ *°™ '''"" *° ^^^' ""' *"*' ^"^^ " """ preserved in the mnseam at 
 
 ■ 
 
 III .U 
 
 !: ,4' 
 
 It 
 
 r ! 
 
 ail 
 
KljM 
 
 m 
 ill:. 
 
 II ! 
 
 i. 3^ 
 
 180 THE BOllDKR WAR8 OF NKW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 koepiii^r well imdor cover succeeded in reaching the vil- 
 lage bolow, spreading the alarm as he went. His wife, 
 loss fortunate, sprained her ankle in the fall, and being 
 thus disabled, the marauders soon laid hands upon her. 
 This liouse was one of two loft standing inside the 
 stockade, besides the meeting-house. All the rest 
 were set on fire, to burn along with the gliastly evi- 
 dences of the morning's work. Death, in its most ter- 
 rible form, thus overtook many who, to escape the 
 tomahawk, had hid themselves in their cellars, only to 
 be stifled beneath the ruins of their burning dwellings. 
 When all was over, forty-seven of the unresisting in- 
 habitants lay dead in or around their own homes. A 
 hundred and twelve more, half dead with cold and 
 fright, were crowded into the Sheldon house, spared for 
 the time being for their reception.^ 
 
 The only resistance that the marauders seem to have 
 met with came from the house of Beuoni Stebbins, just 
 mentioned, in which seven braye men and a few cour- 
 ageous women successfully defended themselves during 
 all the time that the carnage raged fiercest around them. 
 Mr. WilUams, himself an eye-witness of the determined 
 Benoni eflforts to capture this house, saw the same 
 
 ly before, shot dead from it. Although the gallant 
 Stebbins had fallen, and two of his brave companions 
 were badly wounded, in spite of coaxing, promises, or 
 threats, to all of which the heroic defenders turned a 
 deaf ear, this one house continued to stand firm as a 
 rock in the midst of the storm of fire and blood surging 
 
 ' Colonel Whiting puts the loss Ht 49 killed, and nearly 100 taken. Letter to Gor- 
 
[170A 
 
 1704] 
 
 TIIK SACKINC; OF DKKUFIKLD 
 
 i81 
 
 round it loug after the eimmy wore masterH of the reflt 
 of the viUage. 
 
 It was Homewhere about eight o'clock ' when the 
 enemy's imm body moved off toward their last camp, 
 guarding their loug train of captives, and loaded down 
 
 'n 
 
 BN8I0N SHELDON'S II0C8R, DBBRFIKLD, MASS. 
 
 with booty. After passing the river a halt was made to 
 recover their packs, as well as to prepare the prisoners 
 for the long march before them, by making them take off 
 their own shoes and put on Indian mocassins brought 
 for the purpose. Not all the marauders, however, had 
 
 » AcoouMTB vary ; Bome make it earlier, some later. 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 ! ; 
 
 I 
 
 -»;!J 
 
 I 
 
i S: ( 
 
 183 Tim BORDBB WABS OP HEW ENGLAND i„« 
 
 marched o£f with their elated companions. A certain 
 aumber ct stragglers lagged behind, lookingfor ^ 
 der among the smoking rui,,s. Bouville^dld „^t" 
 deky ks retreat longer, well knowing that the ^1?° 
 below would ^on be up in arms, if fact, the S 
 the burning buUdings had been seen fci do^ the 
 now-bou„d vaUey, spreading it« bJe of Mo^d If^: 
 t m the heavens, and calling every able-bodied mai to 
 
 L^^M ^""^ °^" "•"« «"*y mounted men 
 fiom Hatfield were early on the road, but the ai,ow was 
 deep and the pace slow. 
 
 But the 3rst to reach the ground were some scattered 
 
 se tiers or fugitives, who raUied at the stockXof J^^ 
 
 atha^ Wells situated at the lower end of the Xe 
 
 W .TV.^1^ ""^ """^^ «»«» '^^ determinJl^ 
 
 lead of Wells, they charged on into the stockade driv- 
 
 n.«tow Hrt.. ""S °y'.*'ie enemy's stragglers and reMuini? 
 
 the living inmates of the Stebbins housT 
 
 which was still hard beset. Indeed, tbey were red^^ 
 
 to the very last extremity when this timely aid ap« 
 
 on the scene.' The wom«n and chilLn who hadt^^ 
 
 cooped ap there instantly ran back to Captain WeUs^ 
 
 pursuit of tjie retreating enemy. 
 
 The pursuit was kept up' for a mile and a half 
 through tae meadows, the exasperated EngUsh even 
 
 take the fugitives Wello, more prudent, vainly haUoed 
 to tnem to halt. Thoy were too ^.uch carried aw^lby 
 the chase to hear him. ^ •' 
 
 Mil 
 
 '/ y—rr ' i. J 
 
(1704 
 
 1704] 
 
 THE SACKING OP DEBRPIELD. 
 
 183 
 
 All at once a rapid discharge of musketry scattered 
 them in confusion. They had run headlong into an 
 ambuscade which Rouville had cunningly laid for them, 
 upon hearing the firing. A swarm of infuriated sav- 
 ages now sallied out upon the little band of reckless 
 white men, who, breathless with their previous exer- 
 tions, sought safety in flight, keeping up a running 
 fight, however, until the protection of the palisade was 
 gained, when Rouville, satisfied with having cooled the 
 ardor of his would-be pursuers, resumed his march 
 the way he came. Nine of the English and five of the 
 enemy fell in this rash encounter. 
 
 By midnight eighty well-armed, resolute men were 
 assembled at Deerfield. Word was brought in by an 
 escaped prisoner that the enemy had encamped not 
 more than five miles ofi". By two o'clock of the next 
 day the Connecticut men began to come in, when the 
 question of making a further pursuit was put to a vote 
 and decided in the negative, as being a thing too haz- 
 ardous to attempt without snow-shoes, the snow being 
 so deep that the pursuers would have to travel in the 
 enemy's track, exposed to being flanked or ambushed 
 at evcx-y step. 
 
 Much fault was found with the failure to pursue, and 
 there can be little doubt that the check sustained on 
 the previous day had something to do with it. Dudley 
 gave vent to his disgust in his usual emphatic way. 
 " I am oppressed," he declares, " with the remembrance 
 of my sleepy neighbors at Deerfield, and all that came 
 to their assistance, could not make out snow-shoes 
 enough to follow a drunk, loaden, tyred enemy of whom 
 they might have been masters to their honor." 
 
 Words fail to describe the horrors of that dreadful 
 
 i'. M 
 
 I I'M 
 
 M-' 
 
 , ir 
 
M 
 
 I'M 
 
 ill 
 
 III 
 
 184 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [I704 
 
 march as day by day the wretched prisoners toiled on 
 through the deep snows or up the steep mountein 
 n«rcii to sides, staggering beneath the weight of 
 
 ^- their burdens. To fall behind was certain 
 
 death. One blow of the tomahawk put a speedy end to 
 the sufferings of those who failed to keep up with the 
 rest. Poor Mrs. Williams was one of the first to meet 
 this fate at the hands of her inhuman master, while 
 her anxious husband, after being roughly refused the 
 privilege of helping his wife up a steep ascent, was 
 vamly waitmg for her at the van of the forlorn proces- 
 sion.'' ^ 
 
 At West Biver, sledges had been left, to which the 
 wounded and young children were now transferred 
 thus enabhng the marauders to move on more ex- 
 peditiously. At White River, fears of a pursuit having 
 abated, they separated into smaller parties, the better to 
 subsist by hunting. Part kept on up the Connecticut 
 part struck off into the valley of White River, and 
 across the Green Mountains to Lake Chamr»lain With 
 these went Williams. Once, when his sa'vage master 
 roused him to begin the day's march, Williams found 
 wiiii«iB.'.h„d- his feet so swollen and bruised that he 
 • *'*• could hardly stand erect. In vain he 
 
 pleaded his inability to keep up the killing pace his 
 master required. The savage significantly fingered the 
 
 ^ ttjB body wa, recovered, and her ^rave m«y still be aoen In the old graveyard at 
 
 « HoTOHtNsON. II 128. strangely defendn the murder of tht^ helpless pri«onen^ as 
 an act necessary to the safety of tho captors. But this sort of reasoning Zw Z 
 
 thirst for blood, and enough .1 alive lo satisfy his avarice. Nineteen persons were 
 thHB siicriflced during tho retreat. persons were 
 
 Mill 
 
1704] 
 
 THE SACKING OP DEERPIBLD 
 
 186 
 
 tomahawk in his belt, and Williams found his strength 
 wonderfully revived by the threat of instant death. 
 After forty days passed in the wilderness, the weak, 
 haggard, and footsore captive reached the French fort at 
 Chambly, bowed down under the most acute distress of 
 mind and body, having been separated from his chil- 
 dren, of whose fate he was wholly ignorant. 
 
 After suflfering untold hardships, the surviving cap- 
 tives straggled into the Indian villages on the St. Law- 
 rence. Some sixty were eventually restored to their 
 friends, a few at a time, either by ransom or exchange. 
 By a sort of irony Williams, himself, was exchanged 
 for a noted freebooter, called Baptiste, October, 1706. 
 Eunice, his ten-year-old daughter, was adopted by the 
 Caughnawaga tribe, embraced the Catholic faith, and 
 eventually married a full-blooded Caughnawaga Indian 
 Bieazerwiii- named Amrusus, who thenceforth appears 
 •■"■• to have taken his wife's family name of 
 
 Williams. From this marriage came a grandson, 
 Eleazer Williams, who achieved considerable notoriety 
 rather more than a generation ago by pretending to be 
 the son of Louis XVI. Eleazer, however, became a 
 Protestant, and in 1822 went to establish an Episcopal 
 mission among the Menomonees and Winnebagoes at 
 Green Bay, Wis., where he was married to Miss Made- 
 line Jourdain of that place.^ 
 
 > I FIND the following memorandum concerning him among my fathers MSS. 
 " Williamfi came to Boston several timcR and used to visit me. He was short and stout 
 and spoke with a strong French accent. His errand was begging, in which he had 
 pretty good success. His figure wps not unlike that represented in the prints of Louis 
 XVI., hence somebody started the ridiculous story that he was the dauphin of that 
 king. Williams himself was evidently willing that people should believe the story. He 
 said to me, in conversation, ' that hi could say nothing about it, as he knew nothing, 
 but that there were strange and unaccountable things in the story, especially respecting 
 a scar on his person, which agreed with a similar one on that of the dauphin.' Wllliania 
 died nt Hopanshurg, N. Y.. August 28, 1S58."— Seethe Appendix to Dr. 8. W. Williams's 
 edition (1863) of The Redeemed Captive. 
 
 '{I 
 
 m 
 'I 
 
 hi 
 
 
 m 
 
186 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 One feature of this raid, related by Penhallow is 
 worthy of mention, if true, if only for its singularity. 
 He says that some of our captives, then in Canada, who 
 knew that this expedition of Bouville's was on foot 
 took advantage of it to send letters to their friends, the' 
 bag m which they were carefully put being afterward 
 found hanging to the limb of a tree in the highway 
 And he adds that these letters gave comforting intel- 
 ligence to those who before were ignorant whether their 
 fnends were living or dead.^ 
 
 Charlevoix puts Bouville's loss at only three French- 
 men, and a few savages (as if their losses were of small 
 account); but adds that RouviUe himself was wounded 
 Others make the number forty or fifty, judging from the 
 dead bodies seen before the enemy had time to hide 
 them under the ice of the river. 
 
 ' ^f«BAisA>w's account Reems to diflfrr little from the others. He save he had it 
 nZ . "Jf'- ^"""""""^ '*'^''*'^' '"•"'«*«•• «' Northampton MaesTho wL J 
 ^LTZ^Wi::^^'''''^'"' '^'^''^^"^- Muchva.Lbl'ei„for;r«:nTcS:! 
 lainea In the Wtnthrop Papers, which were not accessible to «ru»^ »^f 
 Through Hoyfe and Sheldon's histories of Deerfleld^he^t ng of thaToL w^ 
 come one of the be«t known chapters of local history. ^ ^ ^ 
 
XIX 
 
 THE ENEMY CUTS OFF BOTH ENDS OF THE LINE 
 
 1704 
 
 The tragedy of Deerfield sent a thrill of horror into 
 every New England hamlet and home. What might 
 not the daring enemy next attempt ? 
 
 After the first shock was over, the authorities be- 
 stirred themselves to guard against a repetition of such 
 disasters. This was something like shutting the stable- 
 door after the horse had escaped. Bitterly was the 
 pai-simonious policy condemned that had laid the whole 
 valley open to attack. But it was now too late to in- 
 dulge in vain regrets. The enemy must first be reck- 
 oned with. 
 
 Unfortunately there was no longer that concert of 
 action that had existed under the old confederacy of the 
 New England colonies, by means of which the forces to be 
 furnished by each in time of war were duly apportioned. 
 Old feuds and old dislikes prevented any cordial un- 
 derstanding with Rhode Island. Winthrop, of Con- 
 necticut, seems to have made up his mind to do just 
 enough to save himself from the charge of indiflference, 
 and no more, let the demand be ever so pressing.^ 
 But Deerfield seems to have stirred even his sluggish 
 blood somewhat. In April he sent off sixty troopers 
 to be posted at Hatfield un.il further orders. As re- 
 
 > Ske the correspondence in the WinOirop Papers. 
 
 1",! 
 
 '4 
 
 Jll 
 
 H 
 
 • f> t 
 
 i 
 
 (1 
 
 ■N 
 
 lU 
 
 ,t 
 
 n; 
 
I 
 
 li 
 
 In 
 
 I. 
 
 188 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 gards the eastern frontier, Dudley now succeeded in 
 obtainmg a hundred Pequots, Mohegans, and Niantics 
 waards of Connecticut, to serve on that exposed front, on 
 the^theory that Indians could be pitted against Indians 
 with advantage. He had first meant to post them at 
 
 OLIHFSB OF I,AKB WINNIPESAUKBK. 
 
 the foot of Lake Winnipesaukee, as a cover to the New 
 Hampshire settlements, but had finally yielded to their 
 fears of being cut off there, and had left them posted at 
 Berwick instead. These Indians were under the com- 
 mand of Major Samuel Mason, of Stonineton. They 
 
1704] ENEMY CUTS OFF BOTH ENDS OP THE LINB 189 
 
 were furnished with subsistence by Massachusetts, and a 
 per diem allowance of twelve pence by Connecticut, but 
 were actually volunteers, or more accurately speaking, 
 guerrillas. In this employment of those fragments of 
 tribes, whom the English had once crushed with iron 
 hand, against their own race, the moralist of to-day 
 might find food for reflection, but the exigencies of 
 those times were such as to require the prompt use of 
 every available weapon within reach, regardless of what 
 posterity might say. 
 
 These arrangements enabled Dudley to withdraw an 
 equal number of men for the expedition, now fitting out 
 under Church, without weakening too much the vul 
 nerable points of the frontier. That expedition will be 
 treated of in another chapter. 
 
 But all could not prevent the skulking foe from strik- 
 ing at both points, so carefully guarded, at nearly the 
 same time. They first broke in at the weak eastern 
 comer, just out of reach of Dudley's Indian contingent. 
 On May 11, 1704, as Nicholas Cole, of Wells, with Nich- 
 olas Hodgdon, Thomas Dane, and Benjamin Gooch, all 
 three soldiers belonging to Wheelwright's garrison, 
 were out looking for some stray cattle, they weiis men 
 
 were attacked by a party of twelve Indians, Allied, 
 
 who killed Cole and Hodgdon, took Dane prisoner, but 
 failed to secure Gooch, who made his escape to the gar- 
 rison. A party immediately set out in pursuit of the 
 marauders, but failed to come up with them.^ 
 
 At the extreme western corner of the line a war-party 
 of French and Indians, eludir^ the vigilance of the 
 scouts, surprised a gdrrison in the lower part of North- 
 
 » Boston News Letter, May 16 to 17, 1704, where Gooch is called Gough, probably 
 owing to the habit of pronouncing it as if spelled Googe to this day. 
 
 
 »1! 
 
 ■ ■ !. 
 
 i ',"Li 
 
 if 
 
 I 
 
 \4 
 
 ill i m\ 
 
 I 'i 
 
190 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 fl704 
 
 ! i» I 
 
 ampton,' May 13th, hetove day, tiUing or taking aU the 
 
 inmates. In all twenty persons were slain. After re- 
 
 ^toruw.pt«, treating for some distance, the raiders 
 
 • sent back a wounded prisoner to warn his 
 
 friends that if they foUowed in p„Lt the rest rf the 
 
 prisoners would be instantly despatched. The nnfort- 
 
 unate me^nger was met on the road, alone and un- 
 
 aimed, and slain by Indian stragglers. Colonel Whit- 
 
 u« chased this party for two days without coming up 
 
 of the thing. Partridge writes : " We are so surprised 
 ttat we day and night stand upon our guard,-and most 
 of our men keep watch every other night, and spend 
 
 Meanwhile, trustworthy intelligence had reached the 
 valley to the effect that the enemy was building a fort 
 and planting com at a place high up the river, called 
 m the Indian dialect Cowass or Cowassuc,^ and now 
 known as the Great Connecticut Oxbow 
 
 Ti'JVr^' !^'^ P'^""^ ""^ "^^^ ^^^^d ^^ good to the 
 Enghsh settlements below But, first of all it was 
 necessary to know whether it was true or not. 
 
 f TsJ^'l^''^' ^ ««^"*i«g-party of six was sent out 
 from Northampton early in June to clear the mystery 
 up After a fatiguing tramp of nine days through the 
 wilderness they came to the river not far from the sup- 
 posed site of the fort. While debating what move to 
 make next two Indians came in sight paddling a canoe. 
 
 « Thkn called PasRacomuc, now Easthampton 
 BKW.EN the towns of Haverhill, N. H-, and' Newbury. Vt. 
 
1704] ENEMY CUTS OFF BOTH ENDS OF THE LINE 191 
 
 This was taken as a sign that they were on the right 
 scent. Until sunset they lay close. As it grew dark, 
 smoke was seen curling up above the tree- Lynwn'. 
 
 tops about half a mile oflf. With all the exploit. 
 
 care requisite to conceal their approach, it was two 
 o'clock in the morning before the assailants could reach 
 the spot aimed at, when it was found that the smoke 
 had come from a wigwam which stood in plain view a 
 few rods before them. While hesitating how to ap- 
 proach it without waking the inmates, rain began fall- 
 ing, and presently a " smart clap of thunder " sent, as 
 the pious narrator * relates, by " God and his good 
 providence," drowned the noise made by the assailants 
 in forcing their way through the surrounding thickets. 
 Then, aftei- creeping on their hands and knees to with- 
 in three or four rods of the wigwam, the eager scouts 
 rose to their feet, ran up and fire."*, z volley into it, in- 
 stantly flinging down their empty guns and rushing in 
 upon the astonished savages to finish the work with 
 clubs and hatchets. 
 
 Two escaped ; seven were killed on the spot. Six 
 were scalped, the victors leaving the seventh unscalped 
 at the ironical suggestion of one of their number, who 
 said that inasmuch as they now had a scalp apiece, they 
 could well afford to give one to the country. 
 
 Not ventui'ing to remain longer in the vicinity, the 
 scouts immediately made the best of their way home, 
 without, however, obtaining the information they had 
 come for. Being in constant fear of pursuit, they were 
 nearly starved to death before reaching the settlements, 
 having eaten nothing for four or five days except young 
 
 1 Calxb Lthan's ncconnt in Penha)low. 
 
 ! I 
 
 i 'P 
 
 tli 
 
 n I 
 
 I 
 
 _j_ii 
 
i.:;i! 
 
 mi: 
 
 ill; 
 
 Mii 
 
 \ 
 
 192 THE BORDBR WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 buds, strawberry leaves, and even grass, to alleviate the 
 pangs of hunger. 
 
 The actors in this bold exploit bitterly complained 
 because they received only thirty-one pounds reward 
 from the government, when, in fact, the scalp bounty 
 had risen by this time to thirty-two pounds a head in 
 Massachusetts, to which New Hampshire added enough 
 to make the whole bounty forty pounds. Dudley wrote 
 that he had 1,900 men and twenty vessels in service at 
 this time. The people were loudly groaning under the 
 burden of taxation, which this state of things imposed. 
 If, therefore, as was claimed, every Indian killed by the 
 regular forces cost a thousand pounds, the payment of 
 forty pounds to a volunteer who took a scalp without 
 expense to the government would, of course, be looked 
 upon as an economical measure from every point of 
 view. And the mutilation of a dead body was consid- 
 ered essential to establish the equity of a claim to the 
 bounty — nothing more. 
 
XX 
 
 CHURCH'S LAST EXPEDITION 
 
 May, 1704 
 
 The tragedy of Deerfield so stirred the blood of the 
 veteran Church that, although now grown corpulent 
 and getting on in years, he mounted his horse 
 and rode seventy miles to Boston to oflfer his 
 services to Governor Dudley again. After some 
 exchange of views as to the proper method of 
 crippling the enemy, which Church always in- 
 sisted could only be done by caiTying the war 
 to their own doors, he was put in command of 
 a new expedition, designed to make a clean 
 sweep of the coasts of eastern Maine and Nova 
 Scotia. This done, he was directed to pay a 
 visit to Norridgewock on his return, should it 
 be found practicable to do so, and lay waste 
 that standing menace to the peace of the Maine 
 frontier. Governor Dudley would not sanc- 
 tion an attack on Port Eoyal, though Church 
 strongly desired to destroy that nest of con- 
 traband traders, among whom, it was whis- 
 pered, some New England merchants might be 
 found, base enough to turn the enemy's wants 
 for carrying on the war against them to their own 
 profit. 
 
 "While these preparations were on foot, in the month 
 13 
 
 OHUBOB'S 
 8WOBD. 
 
 
 u 
 
 f ' i I; 
 
 '^1 
 
 i^l 
 
 I-. 
 
I ' ■ 
 
 104 THE BORDKll WARS OP NEW ENGLAND flTO* 
 
 ^ April, 1704, there appeared in Boston the first num- 
 ber of the first newspaper published in the English 
 colonies, The Boston News Letter^ Strangely enough 
 this diminutive sheet, not larger than a modern hand- 
 bUl, contains no reference whatever to the war then 
 raging, or for that matter to anything else that should 
 stamp it as the destined progenitor of the great news- 
 paper of the present day. Indeed, the history of that 
 penod could never be written from the columns of the 
 News Letter alone. 
 
 With his usual activity, Church soon succeeded in 
 raising a mixed force of English and friendly Indians, 
 chiefly in old Plymouth colony, to the number of five 
 hundred and fifty men, a few Indians being allotted to 
 each company of whites. Church boasted that there 
 was not a pressed man among them. Like the previous 
 ones, this expedition was provided with enough whale- 
 boats to move half the command against any given 
 point at once. Celerity and secrecy of movement were 
 thus secured. Two armed vessels of the royal navy 
 and one sailing under the province flag, were to act as 
 Queen', .nn*. * ^^^"^^^ *« Church's fleet of transports. 
 In short, the e pedition in all respects was 
 as well, if not better, equipped as any that had been 
 sent out on the same errand. One step in advance may 
 be noted here. A certain number of improved muskets, 
 recently imported, were distributed among the new 
 levies, and thus came to be known m Queen's Arms, 
 Dudle:, bad certainly acted with vigor, and Church 
 had seconded his superior to the best of his ability. 
 
 /=' ^ "r'«" °"™'^''' "^ * '''°"'"" '*'^'' *""* »^° '""^^ ^«"-»y fonrteen y^re before 
 (September 26, 1690), under the title of Public Occurrence,, but summarily mppre^sed 
 
 'If r.f' "" J""'*'"' ""'' "''~'^*" '*'~'*''-" '^^'^ "^""«' »« >'"-K«'y n^nde up of 
 newBof the war then /nK'n$!, 
 
17M] 
 
 CHURCJHK LAST EXPEDITION 
 
 195 
 
 In the main, tho same old prograrame was marked 
 out for this expedition. Church was too old a cum- 
 
 
 JUy 
 
 ^^'' 
 
 
 'tS- 
 
 ANCIBNT CHART OI" PBNOBBCOT BAT. 
 
 paigner not to know that the prospect of coming upon 
 the hostile Indians unawares was poor indeed. Burn- 
 ing their deserted wigwams might be compared with 
 
 
 ti 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 ' ,ii 
 
 a, 
 
 ,1, I 
 
i iiii 
 
 >^'' 
 
 MM ' 
 
 'III'. 
 
 I'i' 
 Hi! I 
 
 196 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1704 
 
 burning so much old bn-^hwood. They were almost as 
 eas Jy rebuilt as destroyed ; and it was too early in the 
 season to lay waste the Indian cornfields. Church 
 therefore had proposed to himself the rooting out of as 
 many of the French trading and fishing stations of 
 Nova Scotia as he should have the time to visit, satis- 
 fied in his own mind, as he was, that it was there he 
 could do the enemy the most harm. It being impracti- 
 cable to reach Canada, he argued that the next best 
 thing to do was to strike where the enemy was most 
 vulnerable— thaij is through Nova Scotia. This was 
 rude strategy, to be sure, but it was the only means left 
 of making reprisals for such murderous raids as that of 
 Hertel de Rouville. 
 
 After seeing his fleet under sail, Church accompanied 
 Governor Dudley to Portsmouth, where a company of 
 New Hampshire soldiers reinforced the expedition. 
 Leaving the ships of war behind as a blind, on May 15th 
 the transports made sail direct for Matinicus Island,^ 
 where active operations may be said to have begun. 
 
 Next day a small party, sent oflf on a scout to the 
 nearest group of islands,^ was lucky enough to capture 
 three Frenchmen and an Indian, before they could make 
 good their escape, from whom, under threats of torture, 
 Church obtained some reliable information as to the 
 numbers and positions of the enemy in this quarter. 
 He then pretended to relent. In gratitude for having 
 their lives spared, two of the prisoners piloted Church 
 to several small habitations of the French in Penob- 
 scot Bay, that of St. Castin among the rest. St. Castin, 
 
 ' MiTiNiCDS lies out in the open ocean, seventeen miles sontlipast of OwI'r Hoad ; tlie 
 lonely outpoKt of IVnobscot Bay. 
 '^ fJiiEEH Ihlakdm of the Fox Islands group are probably meant. 
 
 Ift'A 
 
1704] 
 
 CHURCH'S LAST EXPEDITION 
 
 197 
 
 himself, was luckily gone to France, but Lis wife and 
 children fell into Church's hands. All of the enemy met 
 with here, whether French or Indians, were either killed 
 or taken, though the actual numbers are unknown. 
 
 Mount Desert was next visited. On the way there 
 every nook and comer of the coast was thoroughly ex- 
 plored, every possible precaution taken to waylay any 
 
 ENTRANCK TO HOITMT DESERT HARBOR. 
 
 of the enemy's war -parties who might be coming 
 westward on one of their destructive raids, and for 
 whom Church was now so sharply on the lookout. Fail- 
 ing to make any discoveries of this nature. Church's 
 flotilla rowed on into what is now the Southwest Harbor 
 of Mount Desert, a primeval solitude of wild sublimity, 
 suddenly turned into a scene of unwonted activity by 
 the presence of the ships-of-war and transports. Ivine 
 there at anchor. 
 
 I 
 
 If' 
 |; 
 
 I' 
 
 11 
 
Iff n 
 
 if I, 
 
 > 
 
 !! 
 
 111 
 
 
 198 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 The expedition had now traversed something like 
 fifty leagues of coast without effecting anything of con- 
 sequence, while the labor involved in making these 
 
 AT MOTTOT DESERT ISLAND. 
 
 night excursions was excessively arduous, the men being 
 either constantly at the oars or kept scrambling over 
 rocks and through thickets, loaded down with their 
 arms and packs. Still Church would not be disheart- 
 
 lii . ' ' 
 
1704] 
 
 CHURCH'S LAST EXPEDITION 
 
 199 
 
 eued. After taking some provisions out of the trans- 
 ports, he once more set his face eastward, leaving the 
 ships to follow him later, while he resumed his careful 
 examinations along shore, as one wild headland opened 
 upon another before him. Machias Bay was thus 
 reached and explored from top to bottom, but even in 
 this noted rendezvous of the redskins neither tracks nor 
 fires were discovered. The place was wholly df serted. 
 So again, Church pushed on into Fassamaquoddy Bay, 
 where he had been constantly told he would find plenty 
 of Indians ; so that here, at least, he had hopes of ef- 
 fecting something that should redound to the credit of 
 the expedition. 
 
 The first landing in this fine bay was made upon the 
 island where Eastport stands to-day, June 7, 1704. 
 One or two French families, probably AtEMtport, 
 petty traders, were then living on this isl- '^*' 
 
 and. Church forthwith seized and questioned them 
 closely; and upon the strength of a story invented by 
 an old woman on the spot to mislead him, to the effect 
 that there were Indians lurking in the woods about 
 them, Colonel Gorham was left here to look after them, 
 while Major Hilton crossed the bay to scour Campobello 
 Island. With the rest of his force Church then pushed 
 on up the bay, the same night, coolly braving the perils 
 of wl. irlpools or tidal eddies that make the passage dif- 
 ficult enough in the daytime, but seldom attempted at 
 night even by the best pilots. But Church knew that 
 a single hour's delay would render all chance of success 
 hopeless. 
 
 At a little before day a landing was made at another 
 French habitation ^ on the St. Croix River, so noted in 
 
 'T 
 
 n 
 
 ' i 1 
 
 i' ' : 
 
 * CaUiXD Qourdan's in Church'B account. 
 
 n 
 
 (• I 
 
200 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 the early annals of New England. The people here 
 were surprised, and taken without resistance. After 
 Croix* ^*" looking to the disposal of these prisoners, 
 
 Churcii followed on after his men, who 
 were industriously looking about them for more enemies. 
 They were under standing orders to advance only in 
 open order, so that if suddenly fired upon the fire would 
 do as little harm as possible. By the dim light Church 
 saw some of them crowding up around a solitary hut 
 nearby. Angry at so flagrant a violation of his orders' 
 Church called out to them to know what they were do- 
 ing there. They answered that there were some of the 
 enemy in the hut who would not come out. " Then 
 knock them in the head ! " shouted back the choleric 
 old man. This order, given in haste, and repented of at 
 leisure, was promptly executed^by the excited soldiers.^ 
 Finding nothing more here the English pushed on 
 up the river to the falls,^ where still another French 
 trader was living on a spot always much resorted to by 
 the Indians on account of the fishery, and now cleverly 
 turned to account as a rallying point from which to set 
 forth on the war-path. 
 
 The advancing force being discovered, nothing could 
 be effected here except to destroy some dried fish, which 
 the enemy had been curing for winter use on the bank 
 of the river, and the exchange of a few harmless shots 
 with the owners, who ran howling into the woods. 
 
 Having united all his detachments below, and being 
 joined by the shipping there, a descent was next 
 planned against the French posts in Nova Scotia, in 
 
 > Church himself jnstlflea tho act by a reference to the atrocities committed by the 
 enemy at Deerfleld and elsewherr. 
 9 Probably at Calais. 
 
 ( I H' 
 
1704] 
 
 CHURCH'S LAST EXPEDITION 
 
 201 
 
 pursuance of which the armed ships sailed to blockade 
 Port Boyal, and Church, in his transports, to Mines, or 
 Grand Pr^, on the basin of Mines. Having arrived 
 before the place when the tide was low. Church was 
 forced to Ue out in his whaleboats all night, waiting for 
 the flood. Next morning the English, upon landing, had 
 a harmless skirmish with some of the enemy, who were 
 simply making a show of resistance to cover the driving 
 off of their cattle. In pursuing these too eagerly the 
 English lost the only men killed during the whole ex- 
 pedition—a Lieutenant Barker and one private of 
 Church's own company. 
 
 That night Church set fire to the place ; in the morn- 
 ing the dykes were cut by his orders, so as to flood the 
 farms rescued by the Acadians from periodical inun- 
 dation, with such great labor to themselves.^ The 
 work of destruction being completed, the EngUsh re- 
 turned on board of their transports with « ^ „ . 
 
 11 , I .... urand Fre 
 
 the prisoners taken either here or in the burnt, 
 
 neighborhood. It should be said in explanation of 
 Church's acts here that he merely carried out the ex- 
 press orders of Governor Dudley, conceived, it must be 
 admitted, rather in a spirit of savage barbarity than of 
 fair and honorable warfare. Yet it was but a foretaste 
 of what the future had in store for the doomed Aca- 
 dians of this romantic region. Enough of them were 
 now carried off to offset the number of English captives 
 held in Canada. 
 
 The transports next sailed back to Port Royal, where 
 the whole fleet was once more united, but not, it seems, 
 ready for action. Thus far Church had been laying 
 
 1 Thky made the mistake of cultiv.Ung the low meadows instead of the uplands, to 
 avoid the labor of felling the timber. t>^>^»^», ^ 
 
 
 <■ fii 
 
 H 
 
 i' 
 
 ■;fi! 
 
 i . in 
 
 
202 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1704 
 
 waste undefended places, where little risk was run. 
 Here an opportunity for more brilliant action offered 
 Itself, as Port Royal was defended by a fort in which a 
 permanent garrison was kept. It was also the chief 
 port of Acadia. In short, if Port Royal fell, Acadia 
 would be rendered both harmless and helpless. Yet, 
 with a force at hand fully competent to the task before 
 it, nothing whatever was attempted. The invaders con- 
 tented themselves with a mere idle demonstration— 
 with lying off in the basin out of cannon-shot. The 
 fort was not even summoned. It is hard to understand 
 Port Royal the true motives of this ridiculous affair, 
 ookedat. if^ ^g Church alleges in his narrative, he 
 
 was restrained by peremptory orders from making 
 an attack at all, why was he there ? If, again, these 
 orders were as imperative as he makes it appear (and 
 his truthfulness is not called in question), why should he 
 have submitted the question of an attack to a council 
 of war, which decided against it, on the ground that the 
 place was too strong for them ? Thus, instead of being 
 an exhibition of strength, the expedition had only 
 shown Its weakness. Yet Church still had nearly 400 
 men fit for duty, with three ships carrymg ahnost a 
 hundred guns at his back.^ 
 
 Church, therefore, leaving Port Royal unscathed, 
 sailed away to Chignecto (Beaubassin).at the head of 
 the Bay of Fundy. The inhabitants having received 
 timely warning had carried off their effects out of 
 Chignecto Church's reach. But this did not prevent 
 
 wMte. tjjgjj, making a feeble opposition to his 
 landing, though they ran away as soon as the invaders 
 
 reputoed. Nothing 18 found in the Englinh accounts to .support this cluim. 
 
1704] 
 
 CHURCH'S LAST EXPEDITION 
 
 203 
 
 were drawn up ready to charge them. After destroy- 
 ing the settlement Church turned homeward, caUing 
 again at Passamaquoddy, Mount Desert, and Penob- 
 scot, without seeing an Indian at either place. 
 
 At Casco, where he next put in. Church found orders 
 awaiting him, directing him to march up to Norridge- 
 wock before returning home. Finding his men strongly 
 opposed to making 
 the march, now that 
 their minds were bent 
 upon a speedy com- 
 ing home. Church 
 readily found an ex- 
 cuse for disobeying 
 the order. Thus end- 
 ed Church's fifth and 
 last expedition. A 
 wide extent of terri- 
 tory had been trav- 
 ersed, a few insig- 
 nificant villages de- 
 stroyed, and a num- 
 ber of prisoners, 
 equal to those taken 
 at Deerfield, brought away. The expedition was looked 
 upon in the main as a failure, and if the adaptation of 
 means to ends be looked to, it was one. So far from 
 suffering loss, the Indians had been merely frightened 
 away from their old haunts, like birds of prey before the 
 fowler. "When he had passed on they came back again. 
 Nothing was more true or more certain than that the 
 geographical position of Port Royal was a constant 
 menace to the New England fisheries. And as its re- 
 
 l-hn 
 
 BVIN8 or CHUBCB'S HOUSE. 
 
 
 
 ^p 
 
 its 
 
 = (■ 
 
 
 ill 
 
iSli 
 w 
 III 
 
 204 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1704 
 
 auction had been the professed object of the expedition, 
 the failure to attack it easily provoked suspicion that 
 all was not as it should be. And when Dudley's agency 
 in the matter became known, as it eventually did his 
 motives were severely impugned. In fact, Dudley had 
 not taken the public into his confidence. His alleged 
 reasons, as stated by Church, failed to satisfy an in- 
 creasing number of political and personal enemies, and 
 indeed were puerile in the extreme. 
 
XXI 
 
 NEGOTIATIONS FOR NEUTRALITY 
 
 July, 1704— April, 1706 
 
 The scene of Indian depredations now shifts for the 
 moment from the harassed frontier to one of the older 
 settlements. On the last day of July, 1704, some four 
 hundred French and Indians fell upon Lancaster, 
 Mass. It was rather more than half the uncwter 
 
 force which had set out from Quebec, b^t. 
 
 under the command of Beaucour, boasting to lay 
 waste the Connecticut Valley with fire and slaughter. 
 When it had reached the Connecticut, a disgruntled 
 Frenchman seized the opportunity of deserting to the 
 English, thus frustrating the original plan of a surprise, 
 and cp.using part of the invading force to turn back dis- 
 heartened, while the rest struck off into the woods 
 ■• the Nas!iua. Our scouts, perplexed by these 
 »^« its, were at a loss to penetrate the enemy's de- 
 
 sigx. . yas it possible to tell where the blow would 
 actually fall next, though the valley settlements, guided 
 by their own fears, thought there might be some snare 
 to entrap them. 
 
 Lancaster being a frontier town, Captain Jonathan 
 Tyng was posted there with a company of soldiers. 
 The enemy's first onset was made in the west part of 
 the village, near Lieutenant Wilder's gan-ison. Wilder 
 himself and three more persons were killed here dur- 
 
 \ I 
 
 I 
 
 (it 
 
 Ifi f !:| 
 
 
 ! PI 
 
illtti 
 
 206 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1704-1706 
 
 ing the day. Tyng ralUed wh«t men he could, and with 
 the aid of some Marlborough men, under Captain How 
 made a resolute attempt to save the village, but being 
 greatly outnumbered, he was at length diiven into the 
 shelter of the garrisons, leaving the rest of it in the 
 possession of the exultant enemy, who then set about 
 the work of wanton destruction unopposed. In a short 
 time the meeting-house and several dwellings were in 
 flames, and all bmmed to the gromid. The marauders 
 also butchered a great part of the live stock belonging 
 to the inhabitants. ^ 
 
 Meanwhile the alarm was rapidly spreadmg through- 
 out the neighboring towns, whose inhabitants, seizing 
 theur weapons, flocked to the assistance of their dis- 
 tressed friends in such numbers as to enable them to 
 renew the fight upon more equal terms, when the ma- 
 rauders, seeing only blows were to be had by remaining, 
 beat a hasty retreat, carrying their dead and wounded 
 along with them.^ 
 
 Yet, notwithstanding that the English were now 
 everywhere on the alert, the savages continued to 
 strike first in one place, and then in another, keeping 
 up their petty, but irritating, warfare of small parties 
 against isolated farms or neighborhoods all summer/* 
 
 In the beginning of August one of these prowling 
 
 band^ waylaid a small scouting party, going from 
 
 Petty warfare. Northampton to Westfield, killed one man 
 
 and took two more prisoners. There being 
 
 more of the English coming up in the rear, the assailants, 
 
 » DUBINO this Winter a story was current in the Connecticut Valley that Vandreuil 
 had first imprisoned Beaucour and then degraded him and taken away his sword 
 Letter of William Whiting. 
 
 « Under date of May 8, 17U5, Sewall records that several " persons killed and carried 
 away last Friday " from York and Spruce Creek. 
 
1704-1706] NKGOTIATIONS FOR NEUTRALITY 207 
 
 in their turn were unexpectantly assailed and quickly 
 routed with the loss of two killed and all of the prisonr^ 
 just taken. Groton, Amesbury, and HaverhiU in Massa. 
 chusetts, and Exeter, Oyster River, and Dover in New 
 Hampshire, all suffered more or less from the visits of 
 these smaU scalping parties.' In October their reappear- 
 ance m the neighborhood of Lancaster » was the cause of 
 a fatal mistake by which the Rev. Andrew Gardiner, min- 
 ister of the place, lost his life. It seems that a scout had 
 been out the day before looking for the enemy. The 
 soldiers composmg it came back worn down with hard 
 travelling. Out of consideration for those whose turn 
 came to stand guard that night Mr. Gar- r.^ ^ 
 dmer volunteered to mount guard himself, ""a^-Jii^ 
 and did accordingly take his post in the watch-box. over 
 the flanker, when the time came to man the walls, remain- 
 ing there until a late hour, when, as he was coming 
 down from his post, he was seen, shot at, and mortally 
 wounded by a soldier of the garrison, who took him for 
 an enemy. The unfortunate clergyman lived only long 
 enough to forgive the man who shot him, and to take 
 a last leave of his sorrowing friends. 
 
 Winter having set in, it was fairly hoped that the 
 Nomdgewock village might be surprised by a sudden 
 dash, while the enemy were off their guard. In the 
 very heart of winter, with the snow lying four feet 
 deep, so that the frozen wilderness stretched out before 
 
 Bigelow. Thomaa Sawyer, bis soil Elias, and John 
 
 in 
 
 
 .[]i 
 
 m 
 
 I fill 
 
 I iSi 
 
 Lh 
 
 
208 
 
 THE BORDEll WAH8 OP NEW ENGLAND £1704-1706 
 
 them one vast sheet of dazzling white, Colonel Hilton 
 set out with two hundied and seventy hardy borderers 
 for the distant Kennebec village, where more mischief 
 Hilton's had been hatched against the whites than 
 
 •"•"•»• in any other place short of Canada. The 
 
 long march was expeditiously made on snow-shoes, the 
 onset duly arranged, but when the village was reached 
 not a soul was to be found. The birds had forsaken 
 the nest. After setting fire to the deserted wigwams 
 and to the chapel,' which stood at one end of the village, 
 the baffled rangers marched back the way they came! 
 And so all this expense, haidship, and fatigue went for 
 naught. 
 
 These two examples, one of a successful, the other of 
 an unsuccessful, raid, tell the whole story of this war. 
 The Indians knew that they could always find the Eng- 
 lish, while the English were never sure of finding them. 
 
 Spring brought with it a brief respite from a conflict 
 which never seemed neariug its end, and which it was 
 realized that the enemy might protract indefinitely; 
 yet a respite of any sort was thrice welcome to those 
 who lived in constant fear of death by violence. Most 
 unexpectedly a ray of light pierced through the sur- 
 rounding gloom. It was learned that steps had been 
 Exchange taken looking to an exchange of prisoners. 
 
 «i captive.. Of all the trials arising from the war, per- 
 haps the hardest to bear was the suspense relative to 
 the fate of friends or relatives. That innocent women 
 and children should be held for ransom was perhaps 
 one of the penalties attached to carrying on a war with 
 barbarians, but that a people like the French, prvofess- 
 ing to represent in themselves the highest type of 
 
 » This chapel had been built by English carpenters in 1698, at the conclusion of peace. 
 
 m 
 
 r^.« 
 
1704-1706] NEGOTIATIONS FOR NEUTRALITY 200 
 
 Christian civilization, should, either openly or covertly 
 sanction such a practice, was not only fostering one of 
 the worst features of the war. but to all intents it was 
 descending to the level of the savages themselves. 
 
 The history of these negotiations aflfords a welcome 
 relief from the relation of one murder after another 
 
 In October, 1704, a letter was received at Wells from 
 ofl T' HilV announcing ike safety of sever" 
 
 as dead. Later, in December, John Sheldon and John 
 Welk applied to Governor Dudley fcr leave to goto 
 Quebec with the view of opening the way for the re 
 lease of their friends in captivity there. * V 
 
 The application was approved, and it was to'Cbi^ 
 
 decided that Captain John Livingston, of Albany, should 
 be employed to conduct Sheldon and Wells on their 
 journey to Canada. 
 
 Early in May Hill himself anived at Boston, he hav- 
 ing been paroled by Vaudreuil, with the same general 
 object m view. Hill reported a hundred and seventeen 
 persons, old and young, in the hands of the French 
 and seventy more scattered about among the Indians! 
 The boys and girls were kept apart from their parents ; 
 the adults were put to work, either as domestics or at 
 such occupations as they had followed at home 
 
 Withm a week or two Livingston and the other mes- 
 sengers returned, bringing with them Captain Courte- 
 manche, a French officer, whom Vaudreuil had com- 
 missioned to conduct the negotiations 
 on his part. Better still, the messengers p^^:: 
 
 brought back with them two of Sheldon's children, his 
 3ons wife, Hannah-the same who had sprained her 
 
 ^'11 
 
 ^1' ■■ I: 
 p. j !' 
 
 14 
 
 ' Taken at Welln, August 10, 1708. 
 
210 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1704-1706 
 
 ankle at the time she was taken— besides one of the 
 children of Mr. Williams.^ 
 
 Courtemanche was handsomely treated by Dudley, 
 but his demand for the release of one Baptiste, a notori- 
 ous freebooter, then lying in Boston jail, chai-ged with 
 piracy, proved a stumbling-block to the negotiations, as 
 Dudley, who fully intended to hang Baptiste, plum'ply 
 refused to include him in the exchange. Livingston 
 declares this refusal to have been the only thing that 
 hindered the parties from coming to an agreement then 
 and there. 
 
 Nothing being settled, Courtemanche was sent back 
 by sea early in tho summer, in company with Vetch, 
 Hill, and young William Dudley, the governor's son, to 
 continue the negotiations at Quebec.^ They took with 
 Neutrality them the draft of a treaty of neutrality 
 
 tendered. ^j.^^^^ ^^ ^^ Dudley, which was submit- 
 
 ted to Vaudreuil soon after their arrival in the autumn. 
 This important step, which seems to have been kept 
 very quiet, put an entirely new face upon the situation, 
 and in view of possible results had need of being con- 
 ducted with the greatest secrecy and deHcacy on both 
 sides. 
 
 Dudley's agents got back to Boston in November, 
 having been detained by Vaudreuil until the home- 
 bound fleet had sailed from Quebec, as a matter of pre- 
 caution. They brought with them counter -proposals 
 
 .nL^ll f *"*«/"• ^i^'nRston, dated at Quebec. April 21, 1705, WilliamB warmly 
 noknowledges hia dobt to her husband. 
 
 « VATTDREnn, was afterward mildly reproved for the freedom allowed the negotlatom 
 while in Quebec. The Minister writes as follows: -The Illness which obliged your 
 envoy, S.eur de Courtemanche, to return in an English brigantine. has much the 
 appearance of having been assumed as a cover for trade, etc." He further declares 
 that Vaudreuil ought to have had young Dudley and Vetch duly "attended " meaning 
 watched, while they were in Quebec.-Ponchartrain to Vaudreuil, June 9 V,OQ. 
 
1704-1706] NEGOTIATIONS FOR NEUTRALITY 
 
 211 
 
 from Vaudreuil, providing for the cessation of all hos- 
 tile acts between the two governments, a general ex- 
 change of prisoners, besides guaranteeing the shipping 
 of each party from captm:e by the other, but forbade 
 New England vessels from fishing on the coasts of 
 Acadia. The limit for concluding was fixed in the 
 following February. The envoys also brought home 
 with them five or six English prisoners,^ one of whom 
 was Stephen Williams, the young son of Rev. John 
 Williams,'' taken at Deerfield. 
 
 As the people of New England would rather have 
 fought ten years longer than to give up the rights they 
 had always claimed in the fisheries, after submitting 
 VaudreuU's proposal to the General Coui-t, Dudley de- 
 spatched another messenger to Quebec in the winter by 
 land. Up to this time Vaudreuil had been acting under 
 mstructions from the King's minister, Ponchartrain, 
 whose feelings of magnanimity had at length revolted at 
 the useless barbarities practised by his savage allies, 
 but Vaudreuil now believed he saw through Dudley's 
 motives in protracting the negotiations under the flimsy 
 pretext that the proposed treaty must be ratified by aU 
 the English colonies, and, piqued at the discovery that 
 he was being played with to gain time, he made prep- 
 arations calculated to force matters to a definite issue.^ 
 Meantime the negotiations reverted to the question of 
 exchange, which was now pressed to some purpose. It 
 wiU be easily understood that while these mysterious 
 messages were passing between the two governors, the 
 
 • " Taken at the eaBtward."— Dudley's Letter. 
 " Aptebward minister of Longmeadow, Mass. 
 » Thk time fixed having expired, " I permitted several small parties of our Indians to 
 
 -vi.mifcjr b) suvcmment, in order to force him to declare 
 
 him8eli."-Viiudreuil to the Minister, April 28 (N. S.), 1706. 
 
 
 !']' 
 
 
 fl' 
 
 if 
 
212 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1704-1706 
 
 prisoners and their friends were enduring the most 
 cruel suspense. 
 
 In the winter (1705-6) John Sheldon, whose activity 
 in behalf of his old friends and neighbors is worthy of 
 high praise, went a second time to Canada, as Dudley's 
 messenger. By this time Dudley had made up his 
 mind to yield the point with regard to Baptiste, which 
 Sheldon's he had said he never would do. Sheldon 
 
 good work. nQ^ brought back forty-four released pris- 
 oners, chiefly taken at Deerfield. In the same summer 
 the brigantine Hope took a number of French pris- 
 oners to Quebec,! for whom fifty-seven English were 
 received in exchange, the minister Williams being given 
 up for the pirate Baptiste. Some few more were not 
 obtained until the following year. 
 
 The inside history of these negotiations sheds light 
 upon the dilatory motions of the contracting parties. 
 In fact, complications arose at the very outset. Vau- 
 dreuil, for instance, insisted that the English must treat 
 with the Indians for the captives held by them, as he, 
 Vaudreuil, disclaimed all authority over them. This 
 Ransom brought from Dudley a point-blank refusal 
 
 refused. ^o negotiate on any such basis, pointedly 
 
 styh'ng it "an Algiers trade," and to still another per- 
 son, who had vainly worked upon his sympathies, de- 
 claring his fixed resolve "never to buy a prisoner of 
 an Indian, lest we make a market for our poor women 
 and children on the frontiers." For his final word he 
 assured Vaudreuil that he, Dudley, " would never per- 
 mit a savage to tell him that a Christian prisoner was 
 at his disposal." 
 All this had a very heroic sound indeed, and in 
 
 ' PxNBALLOw saye seventy. 
 
1704-1706] NEGOTIATIONS FOR NEUTRALITY 
 
 213 
 
 m 
 
 theory was excellent, but in practice it did not work 
 well with Indians who had only refrained from knock- 
 ing their prisoners on the head for the sake of the ran- 
 som. To Vaudreuil it simply meant that he, instead of 
 Dudley, would have to pay the price demanded. 
 
 But more difficult than all the rest to deal with was 
 the act of those who, unable to resist the temptations 
 held out to them, had voluntarily sundered all ties 
 binding them to home or kindred. Some had turned 
 savages, others had embraced the Catholic religion. In 
 either case the separation was full and complete. In 
 its way the work had been as thoroughly seceding 
 
 done in the smoke and dirt of the wigwam, captive*, 
 
 as in the seclusion of the convent, for when the time 
 came to claim their children the grief-stricken parents 
 were told by those having them in their keeping, and 
 with apparent candor too, that their son or daughter 
 no longer owned their authority. Indeed, in some 
 cases, children actually had to be kidnapped by their 
 own relatives and carried oflf by force. 
 
 It is safe to say that this method of enfeebling an 
 adversary had not been foreseen in New England. But 
 bad as it was, a relapse into savage life was less de- 
 plored, perhaps, than a relapse into Catholicism, so to 
 speak, for not death itself could have cast such a dark 
 shadow over a sorrowing household as the knowledge 
 that one of its members had abjured the faith of his 
 fathers for one he had been taught to look upon from 
 his cradle as the way of perdition.* Some even became 
 eminent members of the Roman Church. Among others, 
 Esther Wheelwright, who had been carried away from 
 Wells when a child, became the Mother Superior of the 
 Ursulines of Quebec. 
 
 » In proof of this, see p. 83 of this work. 
 
 M 
 
 
 ■Ifll 
 
jii 
 
 
 214 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND (1704-1706 
 
 These incidents, so peculiar in themselves, and so far- 
 reaching m their results, belong to what may be called 
 the psychic phenomena of these wars. They go to 
 show that their horrors were by no means confined to the 
 work of the axe or the gun, but also included other, 
 yet no less effective, methods of disintegration suggested 
 by a policy as deep as it was unassailable. No more 
 touching incident meets the eye of the student of these 
 wars than that of the aged parent vainly watching for 
 the one who, though living, never came back. 
 
 To make an end of the matter of a neutrality, ea<}h 
 party accuses the other of double-dealing. It is certain 
 that Dudley employed all his art to keep the negotia- 
 tions open as long as possible. It is equally certain 
 that Louis approved of the treaty. But with this brill- 
 iant despot the point of honor was supreme. Even as 
 late as June, 1707, when the treaty was practically dead 
 he strictly charged Vaudreuil to take care that it should 
 not be made in the name of Queen Anne, as he did not 
 recognize her as the Queen of Great Britain. 
 
 But the proposal came many years too late. Too 
 late Vaudreuil put before Dudley the absurdity of their 
 cutting one another's throats without in the least affect- 
 ing the result as between the two great belligerents. 
 There was now but one sentiment in New England 
 among high or low, and that sentiment had become so 
 embedded in the popular mind as to be ineradicable. 
 In a word, the conquest of Canada was become as much 
 the settled policy of the future as the " delenda est 
 Carthago " of the Roman senator.^ 
 In Canada there was much grumbling because young 
 
 JA?^".?ll!'"' ^ •""• "■^^'^ *''*' "P*'" *»»« 1"««" "^e' «»noe the beginning of the 
 
1704-1706] NEGOTIATIONS FOR NEUTRALITY 216 
 
 William Dudley, the governor's son, had been allowed 
 to remain so long in Quebec about the business of the 
 negotiations. It was even asserted that he and his com- 
 panions had been detected in the act of examining and 
 measuriig some of the fortifications.* But here neither 
 party had the advantage of the other. Vaudreuil's 
 agents had been instructed to do the same thing. 
 
 Although there was a truce to active hostilities while 
 negotiations were going on, several persons lost their 
 lives at Kittery during the summer.^ The winter was 
 quiet, perhaps because the frontier garrisons were now 
 well provided with snow-shoes, so making the Indians 
 more cautious. 
 
 ' Chablkvoix : Vetch was also aconeed of taking soundingH of the St. Lawrence In 
 going and returning. 
 
 » At Spruce Creek (Kittery) five were killed and five more taken. Among the slain 
 was Mrs. Hoel, a gentlewoman of birth and education. Enoch Hutchins lost his wife 
 and children. John Rogers was afterward dangerously wounded, and James Toby 
 shot BtiU later.-Penhallow. See ante, for mention of this war-party. 
 
 
 r\ 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 i ' 
 
 ill 
 
TV 
 
 111! 
 
 II' 
 
 iMli 
 
 
 XXII 
 
 HOSTILITIES RESOiWr 1 
 
 April, 1706— October, 1708 
 
 HoSTiMriES were resumed in the spring of 1706 In 
 Apnl the Mians attacked the houi of' John B»w 
 at Oyster Biver. Eight persons were killed and two 
 wonnded here. There waa a garrison-houae near at 
 hand with nobody in it, except some of the women who 
 Durj.„ „. nothing daunted, let down their hair, put 
 on mens hats, and fired away so brisklv 
 from the loops that the enemy fled without'^sven secm^ 
 
 ^i Ir^!^ '"""'^ "' ^'^'^'^ ^°^^- A townsman 
 John Wheeler, who fell in with the party, was Med' 
 w^ his wife and two children. Four'^of Ms sons mide 
 
 tZf "^- ""'*"■ ^°°^''^ f«^ t'^«'" ^ vain, 
 
 theu- pursuers gave over the search. ' 
 
 L. June Dudley was warned from Albany that an- 
 other war-party would soon be upon him. He at onTe 
 r;l^ Wiuthropforone hundred men to retfol 
 the valley garrisons without loss of time; these to be 
 followed by a much larger force. His letter closed 
 
 save t^ r'^'r f '''' ■ " ^""^ ^«' '^ necess»yT 
 save their lives tiU the last comes. Otherwise, I only 
 expect your people to come to their funeml, as has been 
 done sometimes before." 
 Dudley's advices made this war-party, said to be mis- 
 
1706J 
 
 HOSTILITIES RESUMED 
 
 217 
 
 sion Indians from St. Francis, two hundred and seventy 
 strong. Piscataqua was its supposed destination. The 
 people were at once ordered into close garrison, scout- 
 ing parties set in motion along the frontier, patrols 
 organized in the villages, and one-half the militia di- 
 rected to be in readiness to march at a minute's wam- 
 
 AMOIBNT GABBISON, DBACUT, KA88. 
 
 ing.^ Indeed, the emergency was such that in July 
 Massachusetts had one thousand men under pay for 
 the defence of her frontiers.^ 
 
 This time the enemy had shrewdly chosen the most 
 remote settlemer f 3 on the Merrimac as the point of at- 
 tack. They were not, however, left unguarded. The 
 
 > This seems about the ««rll««t. mention of the subsequently famous iiiinute-meii. 
 a Lettkb of Secretary Addiugton. 
 
 
 liUl 
 
 Mi 
 
 t. ■ i 
 
 m 
 
 : M 
 
 ;iE -a 
 
 m 
 
dill 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 218 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1706 
 
 blow fell first upon Dunstable.' On July 3d a garrison 
 m which Captain Pearson of Rowley with twenty 
 troopers was posted was assaulted by this band It 
 chanced that the soldiers had just returned from a 
 scout without making any discovery, and after turning 
 their horses out to graze in the meadow, teking off 
 SlfilSS.'' *^®''' equipments, and laying aside their 
 • arms, were indulging in a carousal in true 
 barrack-room fashion, to make amends for the fatigues 
 of the day. Worse still, no sentinels were posted. At 
 sunset John Cummings and his wife went out to milk 
 the cows Meantime the Indians had quietly sur- 
 rounded the house, and when Cummings and his wife 
 came out of it they were fired upon. Mrs. Cummings 
 fell dead on the spot, and her husband was taken. With 
 loud yells the Indians then rushed through the open 
 gate mto the house before the astonished soldiers could 
 have time to seize their arms or get themselves into a 
 posture for defence. A furious hand-to-hand fight took 
 place, m which such of the soldiers as had not lost their 
 heads laid about them with chairs, clubs, or whatever 
 else they could lay hands upon, with such effect as 
 tmally to clear the house of their assailants. 
 
 ' DuMBTABLB first included Tyngsborough. It was settled before 16OT. 
 
 z:::o:^zz^z ""™"^'- ^-^-^^ — '• n-rXdVr:s 
 
 fo^^JT^C.titVV""'"' *"' ''°"'^''' ^^"^'■'"•' ^'"'^"^''^ •« substantially 
 tollowed. though it is there erroneously referred to the time of Lovewell's War and 
 
 Xth: I r ^^^r'fr "' '''--P-"*-- ^^r instance, it is hard to unders7and "st 
 1^ t I"d«»n8 Bhould not have discovered the presence of the soldiers if their horwa 
 were tamed out to pasture, or have shut their ears to the sounds of the carouS^ if one 
 
 Sudtv Ts'tharnr^' and Dudley, though the whole story smacks of embellishmenT 
 Dud ey says that nine English were killed to seven Indians, thus disproving the state 
 
 tTe"fl^^ / '*':'""""'^'""''^ •''"^•^ «" *'^-''^«»' the English. He ZtnZ 
 the fact of a surprise, or i»ther of criminal negligence. 
 
1706] 
 
 HOSTILITIES RESUMED 
 
 219 
 
 From here the savages went to Daniel Galusha's. 
 about two miles distent, on Salmon Brook, where they 
 quickly despatched Bachel Galusha, but a..«.h... g.r. 
 luckily missed another woman who had riL". 
 
 the presence of mind to hide herself underneath an 
 empty cask in the cellar, until the intruders had gone. 
 But after plundering the house, the savages had set it 
 on hre, and the poor woman, imprisoned in the ceUar 
 by the flames, only effected her escape by tearing away 
 the loose stones from around a small hole with her 
 naked hands, until the opening was large enough for 
 her to crawl out through it. 
 
 ^ On the same day the Indians forced the garrison of 
 Nathaniel Blanchard, killed him, his wife, and also a 
 Mrs. Hannah Blanchard. They then scattered them- 
 selves through the contiguous towns as far as Wilming- 
 ton, Mass., where, on the night of July 8th, one party 
 forced an entrance into the house of John Harnden 
 while he was absent, killed his wife and three children' 
 and carried off five more. These last are said to have 
 been recovered by a pursuing party of Harnden's 
 neighbors. 
 
 On the next day some forty of the marauders fell 
 upon Amesbury where eight of the inhabitants were 
 ialled. Two others, who were at work in « r^ 
 the fields, took refuge in a deserted gar- AmSurj! 
 
 nson, in which two unserviceable old guns had been left 
 wunout powder or ball. These were, however, pressed 
 mto service, and when the savages ventured near the 
 house the guns were thrust out of the loopholes at them • 
 while the men, whose Uves were staked upon the success 
 Of their clever ruse, called out to each other, « Here 
 
 » Them part of Reading. 
 
 >M 
 
 ? ! 
 
 Up 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 
 B 
 
 
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 *^ I ^ ' } 
 
 i 
 
 
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 ii 
 
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 it 
 
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 I 
 
220 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1706 
 
 they are, but don't tire till they come nearer ! " These 
 two brave white men had the satisfaction of seeing theii 
 cowardly assailants shnk away to cover again. 
 
 Still another band, who had marked Major Hilton for 
 their especial prey, lay in wait for him around his gar- 
 rison at Exeter, where they could see all who went in 
 or out of It, without detection. One morning ten men 
 came out of the house with their scythes, and went 
 away into the fields to mow. After they had laid aside 
 their guns to begin mowing, the crawluig savages sud- 
 denly rose up and rushed in between them and their 
 fire-arms, killed four, wounded one, and captured three 
 more. The two others made their escape. Two of the 
 prisoners. Hall and Miles, afterward came in, i i a de- 
 plorable state, having hvod for three weeks on roots and 
 the inner rind of trees. 
 
 Chelmsford, Sudbury, Groton, Hatfield, and Brook- 
 held also suffered more or less during this incur- 
 sion, the subtle enemy, as usual, inflicting much loss 
 and sustaining little themselves. Indeed, it was fairly 
 reckoned that so far every Indian killed or taken in 
 this war had cost the English a thousand pounds. 
 
 Dudley had complained to the queen of the back- 
 wardness of Connecticut in furnishing men, and Win- 
 throp had received the queen's commands on the sub- 
 ject. This drew a tart letter from Winthrop to Dudley 
 who still insisted that Connecticut had not furnished 
 her proportion. The reJi.4ons of the two men had long 
 been strained and this incident did not tend to diminish 
 the friction between them. 
 
 An exposure took place this summer which made a 
 great noise at the time. It was an open secret that the 
 Albany merchants were getting rich by tradim? ^^Hh the 
 
I7M; 
 
 HOSTILITIES RESITMPD 
 
 221 
 
 Canada Iud,ai,s ; but thi« was beiBg done under cover 
 of a <?«««.truce, which no doubt was sufficient to qmet 
 the consciences of those engaged in thus giving aid 
 ^d comfort to the enemy. No such state of things 
 however, existed in New England. With the enemy ^t 
 their doors such conduct on the part of her merchmts 
 was altogether too flagrant to admit of any suXmS^ 
 able subterfuge as that. 
 
 tr.l"^'*?j" r'^'r °* ^Slish prisoners were known 
 to be in the hands of the French at Port Boyal. The 
 authont.es at Boston having «tted out a smaU vessel 
 o go there for the purpose of procuring an exchZ 
 the opportunity was seized by some well-known mlt 
 chants of Boston to open a contraband trade t^re and 
 tn J wn°°^ ^ "'"'''• "^^'^ *« "-«' ot a flag of 
 
 W J° '; ®° ""^ ^'"""«' V«*«''. who had 
 
 figured so prominently in the negotiations of the year 
 Wore All the parties to the plot were no doubt re" 
 sonably certaia of the connivance of Bo- 
 naventure,' the French commandant, in .rSS' 
 
 their schemes, for Bonaventure subsequently entered 
 into a laoorod attempt to clear himself from thecharee 
 In doing so he implicates still another Boston mer- 
 
 ~1 f '' 'f • ^"^'^ "oo^'-iBsary, confirms the 
 
 general charge in a letter to the Minister of the follow- 
 ing year, m which he says that there were "no pots 
 scythes, sickles, knives nor iron in the country. Miey 
 
 m 
 
 1 ' , 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 •' 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1^ I 
 
222 THB BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [noe 
 
 would be lucky," he adds, "if the enemy would Bell 
 them goods again for their beaver, but Suborcase is op- 
 posed to it." ' 
 
 Bowse made two trips on this business. On the 
 first he brought back only seventeen prisoners, and on 
 the second but seven more. His long stay at Port 
 Royal to accompUsli so little excited suspicion, and at 
 his last returning h< /as charged with having spent his 
 time m trading with the enemy in goods contraband of 
 war, instead of attending to the business for which he 
 was sent. Being unable to clear himself, he was sent to 
 
 ?"r";>u.n^''^^' ^^*'^' '^^^^'^ ^^^•^^"^' ««g«r I^awson, 
 John Phillips, Jr., and Ebenezer Coffin, all merchants 
 
 m good standing, were also apprehended and put under 
 bonds on a similar charge. What came to light, as a 
 result of these proceedings, caused a general burst of 
 indignation, particularly against Vetch. Some of the 
 more clamorous ones even wanted him confined "in 
 the stone cage " for fear he should get away.' Even 
 l^udley himself came in for a share of the popular in- 
 dignation, as being a party to these underhand transac 
 tions. 
 
 There being no court of competent jurisdiction, the 
 offenders were tried before the General Court.=» Paul 
 Dudley son of the governor, was the prosecuting attor- 
 ney. All were found guilty and sentenced to pay various 
 sums-Rowse,Xl,200; Borland, £1,100; Lawson,£300; 
 Vetch, £200; Phillips, XlOO, and Coffin, £60. These 
 fines were, however, remitted by order of the queen, on 
 the ground that the General Court had exceeded its 
 
 » Letteb o* J. Winthrop to Pitz-John Wlnthrop 
 
 ,.' Y""*!.?*! .°' ^"*^''* ^®*^' ^^*" """^^ '^^^ «"^'y '" hl8 di«y : » Captain Vetch 
 was brought to his trial in the court chamber " AnimB)- i7f h i, f \, ^"P"*'" ^^^'^ 
 
 Borland pleads that he was a factor in the Sair.""^ ' '' '""'"' ^''"' ''''' " ""- 
 
I706J 
 
 HOSTIUTIEg RBStTMEO 
 
 323 
 
 powers Dudley was exonerated, the matter cha«ed 
 agomst h.m bemg of too trivial a nature to be push^ 
 much to the disguHt of his many enemies who h^ 
 hoped for a different result. In fact a petitiin was fo^ 
 warded to the queen praying for hie removal. In answer 
 to this prayer reiterating the charges of corruption 
 both branches of the General Court passed votesof con: 
 fidencein the governor. His assaihmts then resorted 
 to pnntmg anonymous pamphlets.' But in the end 
 Dudley prevaied over both open and covert attacks 
 chiefly, It would seem, by reason of his address in a.6 
 management of men. At court Dudley was looked upon 
 as representmg m his own person the principle of roU 
 supremacy, as opposed to the old Puritan doctrines of 
 popular rights. So long, therefore, as the compUinte 
 agamst him emanated from that source, Dudley was 
 reasonably sure of being sustained at London For 
 the rest, he was not the man to give an inch to his op- 
 
 pThim doln^^ "-'''' '"'"'''-• •"" '^^y "-'^ "-r 
 
 hh 
 
XXIII 
 
 FUTILE SIEGE OF PORT ROYAL 
 
 May, 1707 
 
 Every such raid as that recounted in the last chapter 
 only made the impossibility of protecting either life or 
 property m open villages, whose inhabitants were farm- 
 ers more and more manifest. When one of these war- 
 parties was abroad no man's life was safe outside of a 
 garrison. It may well be conceived that to men, strong 
 robust mured to labor, and a^^customed to the freedom 
 of outdoor hfe, nothing could be more irksome than to 
 be shut up within the four walls of a garrison. Hence 
 in spite of warnings, orders, or entreaties, fatal risks 
 were taken, and many valuable liyes thrown away 
 Ihis species of assassination was draining the life-blood 
 of a few struggling frontier villages drop by drop 
 
 On the other hand, few Indians were killed in these 
 sudden encounters. In the quiet of a summer's day 
 a distant gunshot would be heard, and its meaning 
 easily guessed Nine times in ten, before the scattered 
 neighbors could be rallied the marauders would be be- ' 
 yond pursuit. Could the Indians have made good even 
 their small losses the war might have dragged on in- 
 indiansiosiofiT definitely; but unfortunatelv for them 
 ',x. ' . XI '''^''*'^"^d attrition was wasting them awav 
 without the power to recuperate, so that their numbers 
 were steadily diminishing. A more efficient means to 
 
1707] 
 
 FUTILE SIEGB OF PORT ROYAL 
 
 226 
 
 their destruction than the edge of the sword was the 
 Comfit: '-'"''^ *^"^ ^^^- -'-"^^ *^- to the 
 In January Colonel Winthrop Hilton, with two hun- 
 dred and seventy men, made a scout eastward as far as 
 Casco without meeting with an enemy. But when come 
 near Black Point on his way back, a small band wl 
 tracked, four of them killed, and a squaw „! 
 
 taken prisoner. The woman, who had a -Sut"" 
 
 papoose at her breast, was either compelled by threats 
 or prevailed on by promises, to lead the English to a 
 camp of eighteen more Indians, all but one of whom 
 were slam while asleep.^ 
 
 Dudley had been kept in a state of alternating hope 
 and suspense m regard to his favorite project of sub- 
 dumg Canada^ by reason of the heavy demands that 
 the war m Europe was making upon England. It 
 was only by returning again and again to the subject 
 that the queen s ministers were induced to fall in with 
 It at all; but even then it was treated as something 
 ^at^could wait; so that Dudley's patience was sorely 
 
 AU hope of receiving effective aid this year (1707) 
 having failed, and smarting under the wounds his repu- 
 ta ion had suffered at the hand^ of his enemies, who 
 boldly charged him with having sent Church ^ff to 
 Port Eoyal on a fool's errand, Dudley seems to have 
 resolved upon making one more attempt, single-handed 
 and alone, trusting to its success to retrieve his rep- 
 utation and silence his defamers. It proved another 
 
 > It i8 this aflmr to which the following curious entry refers- "Gave th»„ir- , 
 noted rendezvous for warparties. ° "" """ '" «"n«JnocK, aiaother 
 
 15 
 
 r :1 
 
 
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 \m 
 
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ii; 
 
 I' 
 
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 226 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1707 
 
 wretched exhibition of aggregated incompetency, i - 
 norance, and pulling at cross-purposes. *^ 
 
 But before anything could be done the popular feel- 
 ing must be worked up to the fighting point. And 
 here traces of the deeply rooted faith that they were 
 God's people, guided by His almighty hand, are clearly 
 manifest in the acts of those who then gave direction to 
 pubHc opinion. Honest Samuel Bewail, our Pepys, re- 
 cords that " several ministers pray'd (at the desire of the 
 Praying against court) that God would Speedily, by some 
 Port Royal. Providence or one way other, let us know 
 what might doe as to going against Port Eoyal." Just 
 how this manifestation of the divine wisdom was ex- 
 pected to appear is not so clear ; but it is evident that 
 the barbarous dictum that God is on the side of the 
 strongest artillery would have found few followers in 
 the Puritan capital. 
 
 Meantime, the practical side of the question was be- 
 ing earnestly discussed at the council board. In this 
 instance, a regular fortification, built on a hill-top, 
 mounted with heavy cannon and garrisoned by regular 
 troops, was to be taken either by siege or assault. 
 New England Here was no question of mere bush fight- 
 miiitia. ing^ g^^jjj ^g ^jjg ^g^j^ ^^^ England sol- 
 
 diery had been used to. The best soldiers were none 
 too good for this sort of work. It is no less to the 
 credit of the provincial militia that they were ready to 
 undertake the unusual task with some confidence. Yet 
 we find certain fastidious critics speaking of the rank 
 and file as if nothing but failure was to be expected, 
 when, as a matter of fact, the material was precisely 
 the same as that which won Louisburg and defended 
 Bunker HilL 
 
IWn FUTILE SIEGE OF POBT BOYAI, 227 
 
 Two fall regiments were raised in Massaohnsette 
 New Hampshire and Ehode Island.- ColonTS 
 
 Winthrop Hilton, of Exeter, the other. Colonel Man* 
 an excellent partisan officer, whose brilliant defoS 
 Casoo had won for him the place formerly h^by 
 
 COK.KM, ™«0B .UHWMOBrs HOUM, ^TOB, M«l 
 
 manf Th^t P"''''«.««*r"°''' ""^ P"' '" "^ef com- 
 
 men and « ^^S'"'^'"^ ""^t^'-ed 1,076 officers and 
 
 men , and there was also a small artillery m . 
 
 corps, u. charge of Colonel Eedknap.^ai ^'ZnZ 
 
 w:ilCr tirZrnr ^^^^^^^ ^^^ '- -- "- eo^^erce 
 
 end of this chapter. ConneTCt de^ iLTtf f ^ ^'' ^'"'* ^"*^'*^'» '«y« «»* *"« 
 very M.e excuses. There wt^Tn^cCi:^;;:;^ ^J ^"^ Winthrop .«.|„, «,„e 
 tain Freeman, of Harwich. For the roster of tT ^'"'?"f ''""'' «"nmanded by Cap- 
 
 Who Sharply reb„.ed h,. for htat^" dcp:"::^" """""^ '"" "^^'^ ^'^ ""'"'■>- 
 
 I if; 
 
 if 
 
 *J 
 
 
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 r 
 
 < 1 
 
 I 
 
 
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228 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1707 
 
 jam Dudley, the goyemor'8 talented son, accompanied 
 the expedition, m the rather anomalous capacity of secre- 
 tary of war, and there were no less than five chaplains to 
 keep the rude soldiery in touch with home and its in- 
 flnences, while exhorting them to a valiant use of their 
 carnal weapons. 
 
 On May 26th' the fleet cast anchor in Port Boyal 
 basin. A thousand men were landed the same after- 
 noon seven or eight miles from the fort, part on the north 
 shore under Appleton, and part on the south or fort side 
 under March himself. Fault was fomid with landing 
 Tnwp. tend. *^® "^en so far off, as the long march up to 
 the fort consumed all the rest of the after- 
 noon, besides defeating the important object of cutting 
 off communication between the fort and country at once 
 
 f uT^f F"""^^^' ^^^ °* ^^^ fi^« chaplains, has 
 told the story of the preliminary movements somewhat 
 
 m detail. He was with Lieutenant-colonel Appleton's 
 detachment, which moved off the ground first 
 
 "It being so late ere we landed, we could not reach 
 the place of our destined encampment, but alter several 
 hours travel, partly thro' hideous woods and fallen trees 
 across the way, which we sometimes climbed over at 
 others crept mider, at length we arrived where were two 
 or three houses and barns, and at nine o'clock at niaht 
 took up our quarters there. There also Captain Free- 
 man and his company of Indians, who flanked our left 
 as we marched along, who also had a warm skirmish 
 with about forty or fifty French, came to us without the 
 loss of a man." Appleton's movement was essential to 
 cover March's advance. 
 
I707J 
 
 FUTILE SIEGE OF PORT ROYAL 
 
 329 
 
 this fleet the disembarkation of the English in such 
 orce with their prompt advance toward fte fort put 
 he French in such a fright that Subercase had£ 
 ^ubk m restoring their courage to the fighting po'^I 
 He however, kept up a bold front, and by throwing 
 out a numerous body of skirmishei-s, who sh .. 
 
 knew RTOrr-innl. „til, 1 Slim-prtlrmlrti. 
 
 Knew every inch of the ground, contrived int. 
 
 to delay the march of the two attacking columns as 
 much as possible, thus gaining time for the inhabitants 
 
 hJTA "" T **" ''"'-^''"•^■"onte- Appleton had 
 tashed away his assaUants. To oppose March an am- 
 bush was laid at the crossing of Allen's Creek, a smajl 
 stream, bordered by copses of thick brushwood, which lav 
 between him and the fort, so that when his van came up 
 
 shal «r""°.^' f« *''«'''y-«-enth, there was some 
 sharp skirmishing before the English could shake off 
 their assailants, and move on to the ground they were 
 to occupy. In this encounter five men were wounded 
 
 March now encamped at ibe foot of the hill on whijh 
 the fort stood, where a few deserted houses offered 
 some shelter to the weary soldiers. The task before 
 
 of the fort forty cannon, some of them thirty-six pound- 
 
 sault might perhaps have proved successful. March 
 shrank from making it. The other alternative was to 
 bring up his artillery, make a practicable bleach in the 
 waUs, and then, f the fort still held oat, try the fortune 
 of an assault only as a last resort. Upon finding their 
 commander in that disposition, the soldiers natura".- 
 
 _-'."'* 1" "^ "" " "■""" '""^ ««« '« o<.»."-«..i- -«. '-^ a. - ,-., - . 
 
 i Til 
 
 
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 230 THE BORDER ^\ARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1707 
 
 came to the conclusion that the place was stronger than 
 it really was. 
 
 Everyone was therefore asking why the artillery was 
 not brought up. This duty naturally fell to the naval 
 officers, who now came forward with a positive declar- 
 ation that the thing could not be done under fire of 
 Fatij de- the fort. The opinion was hotly contest- 
 
 '■^•- ed, but the royal officers would not budge. 
 
 From that moment the fate of the expedition was sealed. 
 It is true that Redknap had begun the work of raising 
 batteries, though his spiteful temper when on shore 
 showed how fully he shai-ed the antipathy of the sea 
 officers for the land officers, which proved the shipwreck 
 of the whole undertaking. But batteries without cannon 
 were seen to be labor wasted. The place, however, was 
 closely invested, trenches opened, and a regular siege 
 ]• 3erun, which, if resolutely kept up, could hardly have 
 failed of its object, even if the English had confined 
 Quarrels their efforts to holding the French cooped 
 
 breakout. ^p ^j^jj^jj ^^le four walls of their fort ; but 
 
 at the moment when the battle was half won, the lead- 
 ers lost heart, they fell to quarrelling among themselves, 
 their disputes spread to the soldiers, and lioon all sub- 
 ordina,tion was at an end. 
 
 March was at his wit's end. His council advised one 
 thing one day and recalled it the next. On May 31st, 
 only five days after landing, it was decided that the 
 place was too strong to be attacked with any prospect of 
 success. Chaplain Barnard gives an amusing account 
 of an interview he had with March on that occasion. 
 
 "When Colonel Appleton went over to Colonel 
 March's camp," the honest chaplain goes on to say, 
 " he took me along with him. After the council-of-war 
 
i 
 
 S 
 
 >!if 
 
 f 
 
 f^il 
 
232 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 £1707 
 
 was over General March, meeting me, took me aside 
 not^t^ ">«.; Don't you smell a rat?' I, «ho knet 
 not what he intended, said, 'No, sir.' 'Why' said 
 he 'Colonel Appleton is for staj4g to brT^gro'd 
 only to Lave Lis wages increased.' I said. 'Sir I am 
 a stranger to Colonel Appletons intentions.' H^ then 
 said to me, somewhat roughly, 'I have heard you 
 
 iZ , "'^'^t'y '"'«'" l» brougLt' (and indeed 
 I had said so to Colonel Appleton, and even projected 
 a sa e ^ethod for it). I said to him, • Sir, I tLink it 
 ^\ ,^«" *''«"• «^<i he, 'it sLall be attempted: 
 you shall be the one that shall bring it up.' I replied 
 
 ■' ..":* 'I,"?* ""y business, as you well know; how- 
 ever. If It will be of public service, and you please to 
 command me to it, I will readily venture myself on it 
 and find a way to do it.' ' Very well,' said he." 
 
 Ihere is no evidence that the youthful chaplain's 
 services were ever brought in requisition, though al- 
 ready he had won a reputation for bravery by march- 
 ing alone beyond the lines for the purpoi of making 
 a sketch of the fort; and while thus engaged a cannon 
 baU had struck the ground so nea^ him Tto cover him 
 with dirt ; whereupon Barnard, suddenly realizing that 
 he had no busmess there, beat a hasty retreat. 
 
 Good or bad, Eedhjap's objections had decided the 
 breaking up of the siege, at what one ofScer indignant- 
 ly calls "ye fetal council of war." There was no 
 gam-saymg a professional orinion, solemnly delivered 
 ret there was a stormy time. The decision was re^ 
 
 both fool and boy-ridden," ■ is the tart comment of one 
 disgusted bearer of a commission. 
 
 ' PaosABi, Ktertng lo Wllll.m Dudley. &» muhinm,. II., MS, noU. 
 
H07| 
 
 FUTILE SIEGE OF PORT KOYAL 
 
 333 
 
 Charlevoix relates, with considerable detail, a repulse 
 which he says the English met with on the nLht £ 
 
 te'TtE^rf'"'"^ ""^^ anassa-^on Z 
 fort. The Enghsh accounts make this only a demonstra 
 taon designed to cover the burning of some ''*'"°"'*"'- 
 bmldings outside the fort, and close to it! " '^' 
 winch was successfully done, under a hot fe of ci-.nnon 
 "b^^r"t;i,"''r ••"'' "'^" behave more ^Z^ 
 
 flee?puT?^ -""e-embarked on June 6th. Most of the 
 fleet put in at Casco, whence March despatched R.d- 
 
 feeTo Bui; •"'--•' ^ '-^ ^''-^ o^ ^^ 
 But their ill news had flown before them, and a unique 
 reception awaited their coming. Upon laning they were 
 compelled to elbow their way through a crowd of nlisy 
 women drawn together from the lowest quarter of the 
 town who saluted the unlucky envoys with mockiig cries 
 of "Welcome, soldiers!" One of these vi«i- ," 
 
 gos, who carried an enormous sword of lath in uil' 
 
 her hand,rudelythrust it into their faces,at the same time 
 bawhngout,"Fie! for shame! pull offthose iron spits by 
 your sides ; for wooden ones is all the fashion now I " » 
 
 After running this gantlet, the crestfaUen trio walked 
 on mider a running fire of the coarsest abuse, with a 
 
 X^ ,i^ '""^f "g ""^"'5 o' children, servants, and 
 ^lers foUowing close at their heels, aU shouting, "Port 
 Eoyal ! Port Eoyal ! " ^' 
 
 ^^^f^iT- *,""°"'- ^' ^^ ''rigl" anticipations 
 were clouded in disgrace. V/hat was to be done ? He 
 
 i«TTEs or John Wiiitnrop, in Wiuihrop Faperi. 
 
 fill 
 
 

 384 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [I707 
 
 Imew too well that be was the bright and shining mark 
 at which all the obloquy would be levelled. Again aU 
 the old trumped-up charges would be revived. Many 
 would rejoice at his discomfiture. It was not in Dud- 
 ley s nature to sit down quietly under it. He decided 
 on heroic treatment. The armament was practically 
 intact. He would send it back. The frame of mind he 
 was in may be inferred from the following sentence of 
 a letter to Governor Winthrop, of Connecticut : " They 
 are returning to that ground where I meaii to have them 
 lye fifty days at least." 
 
 It was an unwise aecision, yet no doubt had the sup- 
 port of the people. There had been some desertions.^ 
 1 wo additional companies in a measure made good these 
 losses, but could not restore life to a body already ex- 
 piring Three prominent civilians ^ were sent to act .is a 
 council to March, with authority to overrule him, if they 
 s««nd landing, ^aw fit. Again the fleet Sailed. A second 
 landing was made on August 10th, on che 
 north side of the harbor; for Subercase had employed 
 the interval in throwing up field works on the ground 
 formerly occupied by March, so that the situation was 
 now wholly changed for the worse.« 
 
 '^^^^^^^^^ggeved by the unexpected return of the 
 Jl^nghsh, Subercase immediately resorted to his old 
 tactics of wearing them out by keeping up an incessant 
 firing upon their camps, waylaying foraging or recon^ 
 noitring parties, or cutting off stragglers, so making it 
 dangerous for them to stir beyond thezr own lin! of 
 
 » SOMK Of ihe Plymouth and some of the New Hamnshlrp «.»„». ^ 
 
1707] 
 
 FUTILE SIEGE OP TORT ROYAL 
 
 236 
 
 iii] 
 
 seainel8. In u yevy short time it was the English who 
 were besieged in their camp. 
 
 The rest of the story is soon told. March broke 
 down under the strain, and turned tho nominal com- 
 mand over to Wainwright.' Meantime the provincial 
 roops were marched a quarter of a league, above the 
 fort, with the evident design of making their approach 
 from the rear. Subercase learned from a prisoner of the 
 plaii to carry the artillery past the fort, under cover 
 of the night, and cleverly defeated it by 
 lighting fires all along the banks. Wain- ^'**'p "«''*"^'«' 
 Wright then fell back to a point opposite the fort, was 
 cannonaded out of it, moved still lower down, and 
 finally on the 20th, goaded into attempting something 
 crossed his whole force over to the fort side and advanced 
 as If to assault it in earnest. Subercase sent St 
 Castm out to ambush them. There was sharp fighting 
 for a time, with the probable object of diwing out the 
 entire gamscn, as otherwise the demonstration was 
 mere bravado; but Subercase would not venture upon 
 so dangerous a step, until he saw the Eng- p„„., ^ T 
 lish falling back to their boats. Then a ' ^ 
 
 second and third detachment were humed off to St 
 Castm s aid. All three were sent ba3k, very roughly 
 handled The English then re-embarked, unmolested, 
 apparently satisfied with having shown that they could 
 hght, even when nothing was to be gained by it.^ 
 
 rufluug Che kme« ; m. de Bonlarder.e and St. Castin among the woundi. ■"* ""' "" 
 
 i ! 
 
; i 
 
 rt 
 
 236 THE BORDER WARS OF x\EW ENGLAND [1707 
 
 BoBtou was thrown into a ferment. Dudley manfull v 
 
 endeavored to extract some consolation from the stonii 
 
 of disaster, but as everybody knew the truth, the effort 
 
 to disguise it was worse than idle. The three hiiih 
 
 commissioners were laughed at for their pains: and 
 
 jeered at in the streets with such stinging remarks as, 
 
 Ihe three Port Royal worthies!" "The three 
 
 champions ! " etc. " But what could be done when the 
 
 very devil hud entered into the common soldiers ? " is 
 
 the concluding observation of a distressed looker-on. 
 
 All summer roviug bands of Indians were infesting 
 the highways beyond the Merrimac, killing, scalping 
 and robbing unwary travellers. To enumerate all the 
 casualties of this nature would be tedious. One how- 
 ever, may be mentioned. On August 10th some of 
 these lurking assassins fell upon a party of four horse- 
 men, who appear to have been escorting a Mrs. Little- 
 field from York to Wells. The lady had a considerable 
 sum of money with her. Only one of the paxty escaped 
 to teU the horrid tale. ^ 
 
 Upon the return of the Port Royal expedition the 
 enemy grew bolder. They seemed to bear Oyster River 
 a peculiar grudge, although that place had suffered 
 more than all of its neighbors. In September a party 
 of French Iroquois, hideously painted, suddenly rushed 
 from their coverts, and with piercing yells fell upon 
 Killing .tDur- a Company of men who were engaged in 
 ■"• cutting and hauling timber in the woods 
 
 under the direction of Captain Chesley. Seven fell 
 dead and one was mortally wounded, at the first fire. 
 Chesley, with those left alive, manfully stood his ground, 
 until he himself shared the fate of his companions. 
 He was a brave officer, just returned home from Port 
 
1707] 
 
 FUTILE aiBQE OF PORT ROYAL 
 
 237 
 
 S;;"'" '^ '"^ ^H«tinguished bi..«elf by his good 
 
 Exeter, Kingston, and Dover, in New Hampshire and 
 Berwick, York. Wells, Winter Harbor, Casco anT'eten 
 
 lence of Port Eoyal, and its results. He very reason 
 
 zrsr:'o:^iret2n""^*""- ^'^^^" 
 
 probably oaptureX Bos X^"^ '" ^^^^^ -"l-^ 
 the provineia. cruiser), enable ht^l^'^^^^iTS 
 
 ne says is inhabited by rich Quakers, and is the resort 
 of rascals and even pirates. 
 Nothing is said of the West Indian corsairs who 
 
 oS« Teif "'^ ^"^'^^ ''*^-- wS" eTj,: 
 carrying their prizes into Port TJnvnl o«^ • • 
 
 wl^tever they needed in e.^ ^-^L^--^ 
 eathrserbei^;''"' ^"^^^ "^-^ *» -C 
 
 » Lkttxb of December 26, l?oa 
 
 11 'J;i 
 
Jh 
 
 XXIV 
 
 HAVERHILL SACKED 
 
 August 29, 1708 
 
 Strange to say, although war raged so fiercely in New 
 England all this time, a kind of truce existed between 
 Canada and the province of New York. Both had their 
 selfish reasons. To provoke the still formidable Iro- 
 quois would be to bring down a horde of enemies on 
 the back of Canada. An attack on the Dutch or Eng- 
 NewYork Hsh settlements would furnish the prov- 
 
 ocation. Louis, therefore, had given strict 
 orders to VaudreuiP not to distui-b the English on the 
 Hudson so long as they kept quiet, and, on their part, 
 the Albany traders found golden reasons for keeping 
 quiet, so long as they themselves were let alone. It 
 was well termed a criminal neutrality, since it left 
 Canada free to throw her whole strength against New 
 England, instead of having to look two ways at once; 
 and while she was being impoverished by the war, the 
 Dutch traders at Albany were actuaUy making money 
 by it. 
 
 This anomalous state of things permitted the old 
 channel of communication, so long existing between 
 Indian go- the Seceding Mohawks and their relations 
 
 between.. ^^ ^^^ york, to be kept opeu, as in time 
 
 of peace. Both parties came and went freely. The 
 
 > Vacdreuil to Subercase, cited by Hutchinson, II., 180, 168. 
 
1708] 
 
 HAVERHILL SACKED 
 
 239 
 
 Albany traders found this arrangement profitable, the 
 i^rench Indians secured cheap goods for their beaver, 
 and the Canadian authorities were only too glad to wink 
 at It for reasons already pointed out. As the French 
 Historian, Charlevoix, truly says: "Thus our own ene- 
 mies reHeved our most faithful allies when they were 
 in necessity, and while they were every day hazarding 
 their lives m our service." 
 
 It is true that this unauthorized neutrality was also 
 a means of getting intelligence of the enemy's plans. 
 Peter Schuyler was indefatigable, as well in his efforts 
 to keep the Massachusetts authorities advised of Vau- 
 dreuil s designs, as in holding the French Mohawks 
 aloof from joining his desolating war-parties. But it is 
 much to be doubted whether this advan- 
 tage was not more than offset by, the *****' ^''"'"•'■• 
 contraband trade which made it possible. Indeed it 
 would be putting it mildly to say that this sort of secret 
 service did New England quite as much harm as good. 
 Un the other hand, the events now to be related go to 
 show that Schuyler's skilful intrigues sometimes bore 
 iruit at a most critical time. 
 
 Kumor had for some time been busy with a great 
 war-party that Vaudreuil was said to be forming for 
 a raid into New England. As the destined point of 
 attack could only be guessed, the whole frontier was 
 'Strengthened, the roads patrolled, and the inhabitants 
 wamed to be more than ever vigilant. So the spring 
 passed and summer began. 
 Late in June, 1708, Colonel Schuyler » wrote from 
 
 m^m 
 
 M 
 
 '. ri 
 
 tt 
 
 Mi 
 
 'i >i 
 
i 
 
 lil 
 
 240 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [I7O8 
 
 Albany to Governor Dudley the cheering intelligence 
 that he had succeeded in persuading several of the hostile 
 sachems, leagued with the French, « to throw down the 
 hatchet at the feet of the governor of Canada," thus 
 signifying their resolve not to go out on the war-path 
 against New England again. He also added that he 
 had great hopes of prevailing with the Indians, lower 
 down the St. Lawrence, to adopt the same course. 
 
 At this very hour an expedition was in preparation 
 against New England on a laige scale. It had been re- 
 solved upon at a great council held at Montreal, at 
 wbicii the chiefs of all the mission Indians domiciled in 
 the colony were present, and bad promised to furnish 
 the warriors demanded of them. One hundred picked 
 Canadians, with a sprinkling of volunteers from the 
 regular troops, were to take part. Besides these, a 
 Asreatwar- Sufficient number of friendly Abenakis 
 P*'*y- from the New England villages were ex- 
 
 pected to join the expedition on the march, to bring 
 the whole force up to four hundred strong. St. Ours 
 des ChaiUons and Hertel de Rouville were to command 
 the French, and La Perriere the Indians. The better 
 to conceal their march, as well as to hasten it, the dif- 
 ferent bodies were to take as many different routes to 
 the designated rendezvous, at the foot of Lake Winnipe- 
 saukee, where the Abenakis should have preceded them. 
 From thence two short marches would bring them down 
 upon the Piscataqua settlements — Berwick, Salmon 
 FaUs, Dover, Portsmouth, Oyster River or Durham, 
 etc.— where the meditated blow was to fall without 
 warning. 
 
 On July 26th this formidable expedition set forward 
 through the wilderness. Fortunately for those against 
 
inw] 
 
 HAVEBHttL SACKED 
 
 341 
 
 whom It was directed one party of Hnrons and another 
 of Caughnawagas turned back, the one dishearteriZ 
 the accidental death of a warrior, which was conridered 
 an evU omen; the other, among whom Schu/ler had so 
 ^Senaj sown defection, seemingly glad of IZ excu'e 
 to abandon the enterprise altogether 
 
 Though disconcerted by this wholesale desertion the 
 leaders pushed on, mider positive orders f«,m Van! 
 d^uil, although their force was now much toosmalu"; 
 the sweeping blow first planned. A further disap^inT 
 ment awaited them at the rende^rons. No IKkt 
 omed them there. Instead, therefore, of „ / 
 
 throwing themselres upon the nearest set- t^^. 
 
 tlements the raiders moved off toward Haverhill some 
 
 wol " '"f "' ""''' ""-^^^ '"^^ impression that^t 
 would pr-Nve a far more easy conquest 
 
 f /* ^T^-H' *•" ^*™""^ """"^^^ l«i«°rely on be- 
 tween high ndges of land, that slope upward by el- 
 ascents to moderately level, commanding crests wWe 
 the outlook, n all directions was wide and ample, e" 
 tensive as it was, it embraced nothing but one unbroken 
 sohtude, one vast virgin forest, dimpled with shado«^ 
 hero or dashed with sunlight there. There was not a 
 white man's cabin anywhere in sight 
 
 Buried in the depths of these forests the enemy was 
 coming on without fear of discovery ^ 
 
 to admit the passage of Little River, coming down out 
 
 mal S w :r'' '" ^^'^ "^^" '"*«*»'« Mem- 
 mac. This was the open postern through which the 
 
 vJlage was easily assailable on that side, leakly g^aS 
 edbya gamsonor two on the height, beyond, where 
 _ _^r„„ ....^,,1^. ,,vy^j, Unless this outpost 
 
 F i' I 
 
 ri! 
 
M 
 
 242 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1708 
 
 gave the alarm, Haverhill lay at the mercy of the in- 
 vaders. 
 
 As to the village, it still consisted of no more than 
 thirty houses chiefly grouped near the foot of the ridge 
 where it is washed by the river, with a few more scat- 
 tered here and there along the crest above, like watch- 
 houses on a castle wall. In one of these' lived Simon 
 Wamwnght, captain of the village militia. From his 
 
 BITS OF WAINWBIQHT OABRI80N, BATBBHOI,, MASS. 
 
 doorstep Wainwright could look oflf over the dense 
 forests stretching far and away to the east, could follow 
 wainwriffht's with his scrutinizing eye through this 
 •"•"•*• labyrinth of aged woods the windings of 
 
 Little River, from its vanishing point among the dis- 
 tant hiUs to where it finally breaks through the natural 
 embankment on which he stood; and he could also 
 plainly see if all was well with his lonely neighbors 
 
 > The house shown in the engraving is opposite Winter Street Churcli. 
 
1708] 
 
 HAVERHILL SACKED 
 
 243 
 
 over against him on the heights beyond. And this we 
 take to have been his daily habit. 
 
 Other garrisons lay to the north and south, that of 
 Jonathan Emerson standing guard over the approach 
 to the ndge from Little River, those of Joseph and Na- 
 thaniel Peaslee flanking it in the opposite direction. 
 These simple defences, in a measure, cov- 
 ered the more compact part of the village. «-m«»nt' 
 
 In fact, nothing more could be done. Three or four 
 soldiers were posted in each. A certain number also 
 were quartered in the village itself, some houses being 
 designated garrisons and some not. Major Turner 
 Captains Price and Gardner, all good officers, were in 
 the command of the colony soldiers thus posted. 
 
 Only the most sleepless vigilance could have prevent- 
 
 fll iTu^"'".^ *^ ^"PP'^' "^ '"^ *^^ P^«««^t «ase 
 the back of the village, so to speaJs, was turned to the 
 enemy. 
 
 On Sunday, August 29th, at daybreak, or the dusk just 
 before dawn, the savages were discovered just entering 
 the skirt of the village. Of all the days of the week 
 this one most favored just such a surprise, since, it 
 being a day of rest, the drowsy villagers were still abed 
 In some unexplained way the outlying garrisons had 
 been passed without giving any alarm. 
 One man only, who chanced to be abroad -rpnJS! 
 
 at that earty hour, caught a glimpse of the assailants 
 filing silently out of the forest, close upon him. Taking 
 to his heels ne shouted aloud the alarm, fired his gun 
 and ran for his life. ^ ' 
 
 It wao too late. The marauders ente. d the viUage 
 with him whooping and yelling, like so many hell- 
 Hounds, at the comDlet« snpnA«Q «f +i.^,v -.i— „ 4 i .i,- 
 
 !i'..|l'[Vi!i«l| 
 
 iL 
 
244 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1708 
 
 dreadful summons the inhabitants awoke. Smothered 
 noises came from the houses. Presently a woman, 
 bolder than the rest, threw open her door and ran for 
 dear life toward the nearest garrison. A bullet was 
 quicker, and the first victim lay bleeding on the ground. 
 Then the assault became general. Frenchmen, daubed 
 and painted to hide their detestable faces, loaded and 
 fired, and cheered on their no more savage comrades to 
 the work of slaughter. Some houses were weakly, some 
 stoutly, defended. One party made for that of Benja- 
 min Eolfe, minister of Haverhill, in which a few sol- 
 diers were quartered. Acting on the impulse of the 
 moment, Rolfe ran to the street door, to keep the sav- 
 ages out. Finding the door securely fastened the as- 
 sailants first discli;>:-ged their guns into it, shattering 
 Rolfe the wood ^ and wounding Tiolie where he 
 
 ''"'*^- stood ; then bursting in, despatched the 
 
 wounded man, brained Mrs. Rolfe with a tomahawk, 
 and dashed out her infant's brains against the door- 
 stone. Paralyzed by fear, the cowardly soldiers were 
 slain while begging for mercy. The house was then 
 ransacked from top to bottom. 
 
 Two of Rolfe's children were saved through the 
 presence of mind of Hagar, a negress, who ran with 
 Children them into the cellar, hid each one under a 
 
 *"^*<J- large washtub, and then concealed herself 
 
 behind a barrel of meat.^ The marauders searched the 
 cellar, drank milk from the pans, and even helped them- 
 
 » The Bite of Rolfe's house is marked by a monument at Dustin Square. The door 
 pierced by balls, was afterward nailed up in the meeting-house porch, as a memorial of 
 the event, and was burned in the Are that destroyed that hoase.—Allen. 
 
 « One afterward became the wife of Colonel Hatch, of Dorchester, Mass.; ihc .;i,her 
 Elizabeth, of the Rev. Samuel Checkley, Sr., of Boston. Their daughter bvoame the 
 wife of Samuel Adams, the patriot. 
 
[1708 
 
 1708J 
 
 HAVERHILL SACKED 
 
 245 
 
 selves to meat from the barrel behind which the trem- 
 bling negress was crouching, breathless with terror, with- 
 out suspecting that anyone was concealed there. The 
 poor fugitives were no doubt favored by the darkness, 
 as well as the haste these brigands were in to be off 
 to their bloody work again. Besides Hagar and the 
 children, Anna Whittaker, who lived with the Eolfes, 
 
 FBASLEB GAKRI80N, HAVERBIU:,, UA8S. 
 
 also escaped death by hiding behind an apple-chest 
 kept under the stairs.^ 
 
 What was true of one was true of all. The French 
 contingent was quite as active in the house-to-house 
 slaughter now going on as the savages themselves. 
 Impious wretches ! that had said their prayers, em- 
 braced each other, and commended their souls to God, 
 just before bathing their hands in innocent blood.^ 
 
 » She also claimed to have saved Eolfe's chMren.— Massachusetts Gazette, Sep- 
 tember 27, 17fi4. 
 a Charlevoix, II., 386. • 
 
 il t 
 
 t! X 
 
 '; i 
 
 { 
 
 M 
 
246 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1708 
 
 Thomas Hartshome and his three sons were killed in 
 the act of escaping from their dwelling. Mrs. Harts- 
 home secreted herself and her children in the cellar, 
 closing the trap-door in the floor after them. An- in- 
 fant was left lying on a bed in the garret. Finding no 
 one else, the child was quickly tossed out of the window 
 without ceremony, but fortunately was only stunned, 
 not killed, by the fall. The story goes that this babe 
 was left in the garret for fear that its cries would be- 
 tray the hiding-place of the others ! The trap-door 
 escaped discovery. 
 
 Of such sickening details does the story of the sack- 
 ing consist. Still more remarkable were the events 
 happenmg at Captain Simon Wainwright's, on the 
 hillt( p. As the story has come down to us, the in- 
 mates there were getting ready to make a stubborn 
 resistance when a volley, fired into the house at close 
 quarters, killed Wainwright on the spot.^ One's cre- 
 Mfs. w«in- dulity is severely taxed to believe what fol- 
 
 wright'.e«aipe. Jo^g^ j^ jg ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ husbaud's 
 
 fall, Mrs. V/ainwright unbarred the door to the savages, 
 
 who instantly crowded into the hoase, weapons in hand.' 
 
 With great presence of mind the wife of the man lyiig 
 
 dead there before her, spoke kindly to his murderers, 
 
 brought them food and promised to do whatsoever they 
 
 should require of her. Astonished at such treatment, 
 
 the intruders demanded nothing hub money. Telling 
 
 them it was in another room, the quick-witted woman 
 
 left them as if to fetch it, but instead of doing so she 
 
 seized the opportunity to fly with her children, one 
 
 girl excepted, who was left behind. Enraged at the 
 
 » PUtFBBy erroneously identifies him with' Colonel Francis Wainwright, late com- 
 mander at Port Royal. 
 
[1708 
 
 1708] 
 
 HAVERHILL SACKED 
 
 247 
 
 trick played upon them, the savages set tiie to the house 
 after securing their prisoners.^ 
 
 A still more dramatic incident,!* if we may believe 
 tradition, took place at the house of a man named Swan. 
 This man also had barred his door against the maraud- 
 ers. The Indians first ran against it in a body, but 
 on finding that it did not give way, one of them set his 
 back against it, the better to exert his „«. sw«i'« 
 whole strength, while the others joined herotem. 
 
 their efforts to his. From the inside. Swan and his 
 wife opposed their strength to that of the besiegers, 
 and a desperate tussle ensued between them. As a 
 result the Indians succeeded in forcing the door partly 
 open, and Swan gave himself up for lost, when his 
 stout-hearted wife snatched up an iron spit, collected 
 all her strength, and ran the foremost Indian through 
 the body. This house was saved. 
 
 In this manner the work of burning, pillage, and 
 slaughter was going on with Uttle check, when the dis- 
 tant roll of drums and blast of trumpets warned the 
 invaders that it was time to look to their retreat. By 
 this time the soldiers, collected from the neighboring 
 garrisons, were on the march to attack them. The vil- 
 lage was immediately deserted. Before leaving, how- 
 ever, the enemy had set fire to the meeting-house, but 
 the flames were quickly extinguished. 
 
 As the invaders retreated, the exasperated settlers 
 rallied and hung on their rear. Before they could 
 Te&ch the shelter of the woods, they were Enemy 
 
 furiously attacked by sixty or seventy retreat, 
 
 men, who pressed them so closely that they were com- 
 
 » Mtbiot : Chase's BaverlUU, 222. 
 •Ibid. 
 
248 THB BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1708 
 
 pelled to halt, throw down their plunder, aud face their 
 pursuers. After a sharp light, in which they left nine 
 of their number dead on the ground, superior force 
 enabled them to shake rjf tiieir ussailhnts, who then 
 gave up the pursuit. ^ 
 
 In this lively combat, two French officers, TNambly 
 and Verch^res, were killed, and in the various encoun- 
 ters of the day the French admit that eighteen of their 
 number were wounded. Their acroi^r/,^ ^dd that the 
 monster Asacumbuit performed prodigies of valor with 
 a sabre given him by Louis XIV.^ 
 
 Between thirty and forty persons were killed or taken 
 prisoners m this raid. Sixteen of the slain were inhabi- 
 LoMofiife. *^^*« ""^ Haverhill. The soldiers were 
 mostly from the towns below. Several 
 prisoners were retaken during the fight outside the 
 village. Others made their escape. On the whole the 
 marauders had Httle cause for rejoicing. They were so 
 hard pressed that they lost all their packs, with their 
 
 ' Fmhoh accounts epeak of thi« fight as an ambuscade, which was broken through 
 th« p i^"^"' "''1'^*"* ''""**•*"■■• ^''""'^*' '' "^^* Picturesqueness to the narrative. 
 
 IJ!jf, n hT" JT*"' "° """"°" '"*"'*'""' °' ™°»> ■ '°«l»'»''*y •"e'nPt upon an 
 enemy, probably numbering four to one. » »~" «i 
 
 Jm,^"^"!" °* **" 7*' '*'''' '"' '"''*"^' "^ ^" **«"'"^' ">'»*" «"« hundred and fifty 
 o^His Majesty's enemies with his own hand. How many were women and children he 
 
 Iw ^ ^^V« 7", ""T^^ *" "'^ '""* *" *"' "**'' ""^ '^'^ «°«» '''«'PP«'"-- "om 
 
 Ws deat?!^ " ''""'*"'" "' •'""' ^^' "*^' *"»« '*■« '"""^'"^ °°«<« <" 
 
 ''We hear from the eastward that some days ago died th. e Old E«cambnit, who 
 
 was formerly the principal «agamore of the (now dispersed) tribe of Saco oi Pig! 
 
 Tth h T • >,-. ; v.^"' =«'-''°"'«-'^''«' i"«l « "»•"""« club, which he always carriM 
 
 ttath^'.^Jn,!^!.! :,'' ""'' ninety-eight notches, being the number of Englishmen 
 thathehadklledwithhisownhands. . . . He had formerly made discovery of a ver^ 
 m.Z"'^ Tr^^ ^'""' '"* ""''"' ''''"' "^ ^''^'^^"^ *« t«" Whereabouts it Z 
 
 ZJ7J i r '"■''*""' "^'^ *° P^"""'" ^^ '"'"y *" Englishman (who had 
 several Hmes been in quest of it) to the spot, and endeavored to do it. But upon their 
 way when they got within a few miles of it. he fell sick, and in a short time died 
 having first gave the Er.gH.hman all the directions he was able for the finding out o 
 said mine, who Is resolved to prosecute the matter, hoping still to make discovery 
 
[1708 
 
 1708] 
 
 HAVERHILL SACKED 
 
 249 
 
 provisions, besides what booty had been secured. The 
 losses on both sides were not far from equal. Had the 
 pursuit been as vigorous as the attack was prompt and 
 well-sustained, the whole party, in all likelihood, would 
 have been scattered or taken. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 I'i' 
 
 
 
 lljl. 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 ) 
 
%. t 
 
 XXV 
 
 INVASION OF CANADA FAILS; PORT ROYAL TAKEN 
 
 April, 1709— October, 1710 
 
 A C3RI8I8 in the long struggle between New England 
 and Canada was at hand. Early in the spring of 1709 
 The queen's Dudley was notified that the queen was 
 rwdinew. ^eady to aid the colonies in making one 
 
 strong and united effort for the final overthrow of 
 French power in America. Vetch, made a colonel for 
 the purpose, came over from England, anned with in- 
 structions to set forward the necessary preparations. In 
 company with Vetch came Colonel Francis Nicholson ^ 
 who had been Governor of Virginia, and more recently 
 of Maryland, and was now seeking a new path to pre- 
 ferment through the medium of the coming campaign 
 He was well known in New England, through his asso- 
 ciation with Andros in the government of New York 
 some years before, but old prejudices seem to have lost 
 their force, now that a common interest brought Puritan 
 and Jacobite to join hands again at the sound of the 
 FmnctaNichoi- war-drum. Moreover, Nicholson was a 
 •""• man of far more statesmanlike mould 
 
 than the canny Scot, Vetch, and carried far more weight 
 into the enterprise now on foot than his shrewd, but 
 vehement and irascible, associate. From this time 
 
 Whan any public man of hwday. Besides VirKinia, New York, Maryland and No^ 
 
 T^:^ tZ ?'!!, "'1 *" """*' ^"^"""''' ''''^ ^-'"^ »-- knighted the year Jor 
 He died at his lotiginge in Old Bond Street, London, March 5, 17^. 
 
noy-1710J INVASION OF CANADA FAILS 251 
 
 forth the fortunes of the two men wore destined to be 
 closely identified. 
 
 More welcome news can hardly be imagined. If one- 
 half of what Subercase wrote to the Minister on the 
 subject was true, no sacrifice was too great on the part 
 of the Bostonians, if it promised to put an end to the dep- 
 redations committed upon their shipping and commerce. 
 These depredations were chiefly the work of French 
 corsairs, hailing either from Martinique or other West 
 Indian ports. Speaking of these free- French cor. 
 hooters Subercase goes on to say that ••in. 
 
 "they have desolated Boston, having captured and de- 
 stroyed thirty.five vessels. They have had during the 
 whole year a scarcity of provisions, because our corsairs 
 captured from them nearly six barques, the greater part 
 of which were laden with cargoes." This refers to the 
 year 1709. The governor adds that " the prizes taken 
 by the freebooters caused a temporary plenty in the 
 colony, and had put it in his power to make presents to 
 the Indians." 
 
 In brief the plan of operations was this : The cam- 
 paign was to be opened by a combined attack upon 
 Quebec and Montreal, both by sea and land. The fall 
 of Canada would, of course, involve that of Nova Scotia 
 Newfoundland, and all the rest of the p,,„J 
 
 French possessions on the continent, camtmizn. 
 
 which would then come definitively under British rule, 
 once and forever. To this end Massachusetts and 
 Rhode Island were to raise 1,200 men, who were to 
 take part in the sea expedition, while Connecticut, New 
 York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania should furnish 
 1,600 ^ for that directed against Montreal. 
 
 > Thk assigned qnotns were : New York, 800 ; Pennsylvania, 160 ; New Jersey, 800; 
 Connecticut, .350 : Rhode Island 200. 
 
252 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [1709-1710 
 
 Dudley entered upon the work cut out for liim with 
 alacrity. After seeing things in train here, Nicholson 
 and Vetch went round to New York by water, calling 
 at Newport and New Haven on their way, in order to 
 hasten matters to the utmost. Finding everything 
 
 working to their 
 wishes, they contin- 
 ued their voyage to 
 New York. 
 
 Here they were 
 doomed to meet with 
 disappointment. 
 New York, indeed, 
 no longer hesitated 
 to cast off the tram- 
 mels of a quasi-neu- 
 trality, and throw 
 her whole weight in- 
 to the contest.' Well 
 she might. Subju- 
 gated Canada would 
 divert the Indian 
 trade of the great 
 Northwest from 
 , , .„ Montreal and Que- 
 
 bec, to Albany.and New Yt^rk. With New Jersey and 
 Pennsylvania it was different. Recently settled, largely 
 Pennsylvania ^J Quakers, who abhorred the very name 
 ZJ'^h"'"' ""^ ^^^' ^^'^ former colony would vote only 
 a money grant of £3,000, ^vhile the latter 
 refused aid of any sort. The loss of men in this quarter 
 was, however, made good, in part, by six hundred Iroquois 
 
 > As the treasury wa8 empty, New York for the flrst time issued bills of credit. 
 
 TEE YEB KEEN HO GA RON. KMPBHOR OP THE 
 SIX NATIONS. 
 
1709-1710J INVASION OP CANADA PAILS ggg 
 
 warriors, whose wives and children were maintained at 
 the pubhc expense during the campaign. Nicholson was 
 put m command of this force, reckoned at 1,500 men 
 which took up its line of march for Lake Am. at 
 
 Champlain, cutting roads and building WoodSik. 
 forts as it slowly advanced over ground destined to be- 
 come the scene of far more momentous events in the 
 future. At Wood Creek the army halted to wait for 
 news of the sailing 
 of the other branch 
 of the expedition, 
 before resuming its 
 forward movement 
 upon Montreal. 
 
 Meanwhile, the 
 transports and 
 troops assembled at 
 Boston lay waiting 
 from May to Sep- 
 tember, in daily ex- 
 pectation of the ar- 
 rival of the prom- 
 ised squadron and 
 regiments Roy,,,,^ 
 out of *«"»• 
 
 England. They wait- 
 ed in vain. It was 
 not until October 
 that a ship arrived 
 
 vyith the unwelcome news that the royal troops, des- 
 tined for America, had been sent to Portugal instead. 
 
 Before the receipt of this truly exasperating intelli- 
 gence, Nicholson had been compelled to break up his 
 
 SAGA TEATH QUA PIETH TON, KING OF THB 
 MAGOAS. 
 
 i: 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 
 ifjii 
 
 ' ^t¥\ 
 
 I •! 
 
 :' jl' 
 
254 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1709-1710 
 
 camp at Wood Creek on account of the sickly condition 
 of his troops, who were dying oflF by scores from camp 
 dysentery contracted by drinking water reeking with 
 the filth of the CO. ips. Decimated by disease, the enfee- 
 bled force retraced 
 its steps to Albany. 
 
 Unwilling to throw 
 away what it had 
 cost so much time, 
 trouble, and expense 
 to get together, the 
 New England gov- 
 ernors met Nichol- 
 son, Vetch, and 
 Moody at Rehoboth, 
 October 14th, to see 
 what was to be done. 
 It was unanimously « 
 decided to send the 
 New England forces 
 to attack Port Royal, 
 provided the queen's 
 ships then at Boston 
 and New York would 
 co-operate. This be- 
 
 WX)N OH KOAN, KING OP THB BIVBR NATION. 
 
 mg refused, nothing remained but to disband the troops 
 settle the cost,^ and swallow the disappointment with 
 the best grace possible under the circumstances. 
 
 Nicholson immediately sailed for England to soUcit 
 aid for another attempt the next season. He was ablv 
 seconded by Peter Schuyler, who had conceived the 
 shrewd Idea of taking over to England some Mohawk 
 
 » Stated at £23.000 aterling ; reimburaed to the colonies by England. 
 
noD-ino] INVASION of Canada pails ggg 
 
 chiefs as a means of holding the wavering Iroquois 
 fiuU. ul to the English, for that powerful o!nf^^ 
 
 them. Schuyler accordingly sailed for „. ° 
 
 England with five Mohawks, one of whom inEnS.'^ 
 died at sea. If Schuyler had counted upon making 
 a sensation he was not disappointed. His dusky com- 
 imnions were the lions of the hour. They were shown 
 about London, feast- 
 ed, flattered, followed 
 about by the common 
 people wherever they 
 went, and caressed 
 by the nobility. They 
 sat for their por- 
 traits 1 to a Dutch 
 artist. Honors per- 
 mitted only to royal 
 personages were paid 
 them. The queen 
 caused them to be 
 clothed at her own 
 expense by a promi- 
 nent theatrical cos- 
 turner. Even liter- 
 ary London, in the 
 persons of Addison 
 and Steele, bestirred 
 itself in their behalf 
 
 -aU this to impress the tawny visitors with a due sense 
 of the might of the British empire. As a fitting climax 
 
 HO KBB TKATH TAN NO HON. 
 
 1 
 
 ft 
 
 1 
 
 Jl\ ll 
 
 
 ! 
 
 LI il 
 
 ' ,1 if 
 
' i 
 
 886 THE BOBDBR WABS OF NEW ENGLAND 1X709-1710 
 
 they were given an audience by the queen herself, who 
 graciously listened to tte speech spoken for them en- 
 treating her royal aid against France in Canada.' 
 
 Throughout the spring and summer smaU squads of 
 skulking marauders spread distress and alarm m their 
 tmck. Mehuman Hinsdale was captured for the second 
 time at or near Deerfield. WiUiam Moody, Samuel 
 Stevens, and two sons of Jeremiah Oilman were snr- 
 "^i piised on the road three miles out of Ex- 
 
 ■ eter, and carried away into captivity 
 
 Moody was subsequently the victim of an advenWe so 
 remarkable as to be well worth narrating, if for no other 
 rea«on than to keep alive the memory of what it meant 
 in those days to faU into the hands of the savages 
 
 It seems that a party of ten Englishmen was return- 
 ing from a successful scout, which had carried them as 
 fax into the enemy's territory as Fort La Motto, on the 
 Bicheheu Kiver. They were now making all speed 
 homeward, travelling night and day to elude pursuit 
 
 iSv."':?/'' , T "^'^«««7 'o b« constantly on the ■ 
 
 alert, as they were now following the 
 route most frequented by war-parties going to or re- 
 turning from the Connecticut Valley; and they were 
 most anxious to rejoin six of their companions, who 
 were waiting for them at the mouth of White Eiver 
 with supplies. ""oi, 
 
 After paddling all night up the Onion Eiver, the 
 scouts left their canoes at the faUs, shouldered their 
 packs, and struck out across an elbow, formed by the 
 windmgs of the stream, untU they came to the river 
 again at some distance higiier up. 
 
 While making a short halt here a canoe was seen 
 
 » This speech is given by Oldmixoa. 
 
h & 
 
 1™-W0] INVASION OP CANADA PAIM 367' 
 
 coming down the river. There were five persons in 
 t. On a nearer approach four were seen to h7? f 
 
 captive. When the unsuspecting ravages came Wl, 
 m easy range, the scouts fired with so t^e rrmThat" 
 two redskins were tilled outright one tt^C^ 
 wounded, into the bottom olthel°ZhZ^f, "Z' 
 
 bank, as it arifted'Twu^^thtttriThTci*^^ 
 the same time hallooing to the white man to briri;' 
 canoe to the shore. He replied that he co^d ^f d 
 s.. because the wounded sivage would ^^tt him 
 
 thf ::?.^rherr "^ ;r '^^ ^-^ ^^' 
 
 to a wi, , - -.-e^.~ a .mpted 
 
 but in the struggle which took place the canoe w^ 
 overset, plunging both combatants into the watTr! 
 
 Ihe white man swam toward his friends, while the 
 Indian made for the opposite bank, which he succeeded 
 
 ZtoZ7' T""'^ ^ """ ''^- --J -«« scrrbKrg off 
 httotheTarir^" -en well-aimed bullets pini:d 
 
 Meanwhile, the captive was straining every nerve t« 
 
 undoubtedly ..uiavrrk^Tirott'irot^^^^^ 
 
 ZZlllTr ™' *^''^ --'--with a sap 
 img, which ^the drowning man managed to grasp, and 
 
 |J'I 1^'. 
 
 iK 
 
 I 
 
 I' 
 
 ■ 'I 
 ^ I 
 
 ■ i 
 
 11^ 
 
 I Oil i 
 
iisi 
 
 368 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [ITOQ-mO 
 
 was quickly drawn to the land. He proved to be Will- 
 iam Moody, of Exeter. 
 
 While attention was thus drawn to the captive's 
 struggle for life and Hberty, one of the scouts who was 
 looking on from the bank above heard the snapping of 
 dry sticks behind him. He gave one hurried look in 
 the direction of the noise, and instantly shouted ottt 
 the warning cry of " ladians ! Indians ! " The cry was 
 scarce uttered when the scout received a charge of 
 buckshot in the face. Another shot dropped Lieuten- 
 ant Wells, as he was scrambling up the bank after his 
 gun, left there when he v ent to Moody's assistance. 
 
 In a few words Moody then told the panic-stricken 
 rangers that the canoe he had just escaped from was 
 only one of five, two of which the rangers had missed 
 by taking the cut-oi^ while two more were still above 
 them. Upon hearing the guns the party below had in- 
 stantly turned back, taking to the woods for a cover, and 
 It was their fire which had just disabled two of the 
 rangers' best men. Dropping shots from the opposite 
 bank also told the rangers that the party from above 
 had now come to the aid of their companions. 
 
 Upon finding themselves thus caught between two 
 fires, the rangers scattered in a panic, every man for 
 himself, leaving poor Moody to his fate. Seven suc- 
 ceeded m reaching the rendezvous safely. The eighth 
 man, John Burt, of Northampton, was never heard from. 
 Moody's tragic end was subsequently learned from 
 some feUow-captives, on their return to the settlements. 
 Upon bemg so suddenly abandoned by his rescuers he 
 gave himself up for lost. Too feeble of body either to 
 fly or resist, he was driven to choose between starva- 
 tion or captivity, and nerved by the hope of saving his 
 
 m 
 
1709-1710] 
 
 PORT ROYAL TAKEN 
 
 269 
 
 life he caUed out to the savages from his place of con- 
 cealment to come and take him. The wretched man 
 was quickly secured, taken across the river, tied to a 
 stake and burned alive, in revenge for the losses these 
 miscreants had sustained in their late conflict with the 
 scouts.^ 
 
 In June Deerfield was again attacked by a body of 
 French and Indians, estimated at one umdred and 
 eighty, led by one of the Rouvilles; but this time the 
 inhabitants, many of whom had so lately returned from 
 captivity met the attack with steadiness, and repulsed 
 It with the loss of only one man killed and three or four 
 wounded. In September, at Wells, a soldier was killed 
 and another taken while passing between the garrisons. 
 2!^icholson came back from England in the summer of 
 1710 with a small squadron, which, upon being joined 
 by other ship» then cruising in American waters, sailed 
 for Port Royal, where so many reputations had been 
 lost. On board this fleet there was a regiment of royal 
 mannes, and four of provincial troops, or about 2 000 
 men in aJl. Captain Martin of the Dragon was commo- 
 dore of the fleet ; Nicholson commanded the land forces, 
 with Vetch acting as his chief~of -staff. The four pro- 
 vincial battalions were under Ccuunels Hobby and 
 Taller, of Massachusetts, Colonel Whiting, of Connecti- 
 cut, and Colonel Walton, of New Hampshire. Paul 
 Mascarene, afterward Governor or Nova Scotia, com- 
 manded one of Walton's companies. Besides these 
 there was a company of Iroquois Indians attached to 
 the expedition, under the orders of John Livingston 
 who held the nominal rank of major of scouts. 
 
m 
 
 if 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 260 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1709-1710 
 
 To repel this well-equipped force Subercase/ the 
 French commandant, could muster only two hundred 
 and sixty men, the greater part of whom he was afraid 
 to trust outside the fort for fear of their deserting. The 
 ramparts were in a dilapidated condition, so that from 
 the first there was Httle hope of making a successful 
 defence. Indeed, soon after the arrival of the English 
 fleet at the entrance of the basin, Subercase had written 
 to the Minister, exposing his weak condition, and ad- 
 mitting that if the garrison received no succor, there 
 was " every reason to fear something fatal." 
 
 As seven or eight deserters had stolen oflf on board 
 the English fleet on its arrival, the besiegers were no 
 doubt well informed of these facts, and indeed went 
 about their work in a way to show that the result was, 
 to all intents, a foregone conclusion. Little or no op- 
 position was offered to their landing, altlyugh in march- 
 ing up toward the fort a few men were killed by the 
 inhabitants, who fired on the soldiers from their houses 
 and then took to their heels. Colonel Vetch with five 
 hundred men m lined the shore opposite to the fort with 
 his skirmishers as to cover the landing of the cannon 
 and ammunition. By drifting up and back with the tide 
 the English bomb-vessel was able to throw her shells 
 Port Royal into the fort, and to draw its fire, thus 
 
 taken. rendering material service to the be- 
 
 siegers in throwing up their batteries. The fleet had 
 cast anchor in the basin on September 24th. On Oc- 
 tober 1st the besiegers opened fire from three breaching 
 
 ' SnBERCASE was informed by prisonei-s that the Bosionians were again planning the 
 conquest of Acadia and trying to induce Scotchmen to tiike an interest in it through 
 Vetch, wlio had gone to England for that purpose. Mountaitm of gold were expected 
 from the enterprise. Among other projects was one to seize on La Hfeve, and make a 
 post there.— £e««r to the Minister. 
 
1709-1710] 
 
 PORT ROYAL TAKEN 
 
 261 
 
 batteries at only one Imndrecl yards' distance. It was 
 sharply returned from the fort. The English now be- 
 ing able to reduce it, at will, to a heap of rubbish, a 
 demand for its surrender was complied with as soon as 
 made. Articles of capitulation were signed on the fol- 
 lowing day. Indeed, in the presence of such an over- 
 whelming force, Subercasehad no choice but to submit, 
 yet, with a soldier's instinct, had fought to save his 
 reputation. Strangely enough, his former successful 
 defence was meanly used to convict him of a want of 
 courage in this instance.^ 
 
 A garrison of marines was left in the fort, with Col- 
 onel Vetch as military commandant, and the place, now 
 definitely passed under the English flag, was named 
 Annapolis Koyal in honor of the reigning princess. 
 
 By the terms of the capitulation only such inhab- • 
 itants as lived within three Enghsh miles of the fort 
 were free to go or stay in their old homes upon taking 
 the oath of aUegiance to the Crown of Great Britain. 
 Four hundred and eighty-one persons were embraced 
 in this provision. All others were treated as prisoners 
 at discretion, or as subject to such penalties as the 
 conquerors might see fit to impose. 
 
 It will be remembered that Church had threatened 
 to rv^taliate the savage cruelties at Deerfield upon the 
 heads of the Acadians. The threat had faUen upon 
 deaf ears. But Nicholson conceived himself now in a 
 position to enforce it. With this end in view Living- 
 ston and St. Castin ^ were sent off overland to Quebec 
 
 » NI0HOL8O1-8 Journal of the expeditiou, with many other documents relating to the 
 uege, ia in the Nova Scotia Historical Collections, Vol. I. 
 
 " StJBBBOASE before this had warmly recommended St. Castin to the Minister on 
 account of his services during the late siege. He declared that St. Castin was kept out 
 of his estate in Prance under pretence of illegitimacy, although he had full evidence of 
 
 1 9 
 
262 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENOr.AND (1709-1710 
 
 to inform Vaudreuil that Acadia had fallen into Eng- 
 lish hajids. LivingRton was further to notify him that 
 if the indiscriminate massacre of innocent women and 
 children by his hired cut-throats was persisted in, then 
 the Acadians would be treated in a like manner. It 
 was hardly worth while making a threat wiiich it is 
 more than doubtful if Nicholson ever meant to put in 
 execution. 
 
 After undergoing unheard-of hardships m crossing 
 the wilderness at that inclement season of the year, 
 the envoys reached Quebec in a -starving condition.^* 
 Vaudreuil, probably to gain time, despatched his an- 
 swer to Boston by the hands of two of his best partisan 
 officers, Eouville and Dupuis, who were secretly in- 
 structed to thoroughly reconnoitre the country passed 
 . through. In reply to Nicholson's threats, Vaudreuil 
 smiply said that if they were carried into effect he 
 should be compelled to do the like by all the English 
 in his hands. And this was all the satisfaction to be 
 had for the attempt to frighten Vaudreuil. 
 
 hlB heirship. •' This poor boy has to do with the first chicanier of Europe, and llouten- 
 ant-g^neralof thetownof Oleron, In Bearne, who forlong years enjoys this property." 
 —Suberease to the Minister. y t^^^s. 
 
 I Sbb acooont in Penhallow. 
 
XXVI 
 
 MaRE INDIAN DEPREDATIONS 
 
 June, 1710— April, 1711 
 
 The operations against Port Eoyal did not seem in 
 the least to check the wanton destruction of life on the 
 frontiers. On th^ contrary, the impression that most 
 of the fighting men s.ero away with the expedition 
 seemed to make the savages bolder than ever. 
 
 Much the most notable victim of the year was Colonel 
 Winthrop Hilton,^ of Exeter, whom the Indians bitterly 
 hated on account of his activity in hunt- coionei Hilton 
 ing them down, and who had long been •»■«•»• 
 
 a tower of strength to the distressed frontier. Hilton 
 had felled a number of mast-trees ^ in the forests of 
 what is now Epping, and was busily engaged with his 
 workmen about the' when the savages stole upon 
 them unperceived, shot Hilton and two more dead on 
 the spot, and captured two others. The rest escaped. 
 On the next day the bodies of the slain were found 
 shockingly mangled that of Hilton being scalped and 
 a lance left sticking in his breast. The murderers had 
 buried themseb oh in the woods. This affair took place 
 on June 23d. 
 
 On the same day the road in Kingston was ambushed, 
 probably by the same gang, and as some of the towns- 
 
 > Hilton was the kinsman of both Governors Dudley and Wintbrop. 
 
 « Thekb were mast-paths cut for the purpose of hauling out the timber ut tide-w»t«r. 
 
 k, 
 
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 lill'l I 
 
 

 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
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264 THB BORDEB WAKS OF NEW ENGLAND [1710-1711 
 
 people were passing over it, Samuel Winslow and 
 Samuel Huntoon were kiUed, and PhiUp Huntoon and 
 Jacob Oilman carried off to Canada. \v 
 
 Emboldened by these successes, the elated savages 
 showed themselves in the open road at Exeter, where 
 four children were seized while at their play. They also 
 ^ took John Wedgewood, and kiUed John Magoon on the 
 very spot where he had dreamed that he should meet his 
 deatL David Garland was also slain at Dover, while 
 returning home from public worship. Waterbury and 
 Simsbury, two exposed frontier towns in southwest- 
 em Connecticut, had several inhabitants killed at this 
 time. The active and ubiquitous enemy then struck 
 swift blows at Marlborough and Brookfield, killing six 
 persons there, and also shooting down the post-rider as 
 he was going to Hadley. They or their confederates 
 cptoin Tyng then turned back to the Merrimac, in search 
 •lain. Qf f j.ggj^ victims, thus throwing their pur- 
 
 suers off the scent; and here, between Concord and 
 Groton, they mortally wounded Captain John Tyng, 
 one of the best and bravest partisan leaders of this war! 
 Thus the already long death-list was being swelled 
 on all sides at once. Even poor, poverty-stricken 
 Maine could not escape. At Winter Harbor a woman 
 was slam and two men taken prisoners, one of whom 
 Pendleton Fletcher, had already been thrice a captive! 
 Fortunately, his comrades of the garrison succeeded in 
 redeeming him at this time. A week later, three more 
 were killed and six carried away from Saco settle- 
 ments.^ 
 
 As usual, the English were poweriess to prevent the^^e 
 
1710-1711] MORE INDIAN DEPREDATIONS 
 
 265 
 
 outrages. Nevertheless, it was necessary to do some- 
 thing to silence the cries of the people. Therefore, in 
 the autumn, when the savages were in the habit of visit- 
 ing the clam-banks to get their winter supply of food, 
 Colonel Walton made a scout along the Maine coast,' 
 looking sharply out for stray parties of clam-gatherers! 
 None wer^ met with, however, until he got to the 
 Kennebec, aU having withdrawn to a safe distance after 
 the late raid, as their custom was. But while en- 
 camped upon an island here, his smoke wMon', 
 decoyed a small party of savages into his ■«>«t. 
 hands. One of the prisoners proved to be a head chief 
 of the Norridgewocks, who, upon finding himself en- 
 trapped, maintabed to the last a truly Spartan stoicism, 
 steadily refusing to answer all questions put to him 
 and laughing scomfuUy in the faces of his enemies 
 when threatened with death. Finding him stubborn 
 Walton turned him over to his friendly Indians, who 
 quickly despatched him. His squaw proved more 
 tractable. She disclosed the whereabouts of more of 
 their people, some of whom were discovered and slain. 
 As insignificant as these reprisals may seem they 
 were, nevertheless, hailed with exultation by the whites 
 —a most telling commentary upon the disparity of ends 
 to means in this species of warfare. 
 
 At times, however, the Indians themselves seem to 
 have realized that in the long run the battle would go 
 against them. An incident, happening at Saco, shows 
 this to have been the case. It chanced that Corporal 
 Ayres, of the Winter Harbor garrison, fell into their 
 haLds. His captors released him without hurt or in- 
 sult, and very shortly came to the garrison themselves 
 with a flag, professing a strong desire for peace. This, 
 
 > ' 
 
 f 
 
 II El ! ^1 
 
266 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [1710-1711 
 
 no doubt, was the sincere wish of the old men. But the 
 young men, like wolves maddened by the taste of 
 blood, could not be controlled, and were only waiting 
 for the coming of spring to be at their bloody work 
 again. Four men were slain at Dover while at work 
 in the fields ; one was killed and one wounded at York, 
 the wounded man succeeding in getting into the garri- 
 son after being knocked down and scalped ; two more 
 were killed at Wells (April 29th) whUe planting com; 
 after that John Church was slain at Dover, and the 
 people there were waylaid while going home from meet- 
 ing, John Horn being wounded, and Humphrey Foss 
 taken, though soon rescued by the determined bravery 
 of Lieutenant Heard. 
 
 Upon these alarms Colonel Walton made another 
 fruitless march to Winnipesaukee and Ossipee Ponds, 
 finding only a few deserted wigwams at either pLice. 
 
xxYtr 
 
 THE QREAT SHIPWRECK 
 
 August 22, 1711 
 
 Meanwhile the indefatigable Colonel Nicholson, who 
 had gone to England immediately after the taking of 
 Port Boyd, the more effectually to urge upon the min- 
 istry a determined effort for the subjugation of Canada, 
 was now returning successful from that mission. As 
 this result had been rather hopod for than coftqH«.t 
 
 expected, it is necessary to explain just of Canada, 
 
 how it had come about. It is explained by the fact 
 that in 1710 the Whig ministers were turned out of 
 office, and a Tory cabinet brought in. Even the great 
 Marlborough found himself out of favor at Court. 
 Changes so sweeping are always significant of a change 
 of policy. The war went on, but secret negotiations 
 were begun with France looking to peace. It was ar- 
 gued that for nine years England had been fighting to 
 cripple the power of the House of Bourbon, only to 
 augment that of the House of Austria. Even Gibral- 
 tar, though subsequently ceded to Great toHm 
 Britain, had been captured for the House in power, 
 of Austria. The new ministry, therefore, had adopted 
 a new line of policy, by which Englan4 should gain 
 something for herself, to which her allies could lay no 
 claim, should settle the question of dominion in the 
 New World for all time, and finish the war with such a 
 
 
 ' 
 
268 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND fmi 
 
 brilliant feat of arms as should lift the ministry to the 
 ■"ery crest of the wave of popular favor.' 
 
 Two things contributed to mask the design. In the 
 first place, the eyes of the allied powers were fixed upon 
 the continent of Europe, where every move was closely 
 watched, and in the next, it was wholly improbable that 
 France should suspect England of playing so deep a 
 game, while professing a sincere desire for peace. Even 
 so consummate a master of the art of duplicity as Louis 
 himself must have been staggered when his eyes were 
 opened to the patent fact that he had been so complete- 
 ly overreached. 
 
 To carry out this grand design, a powerful land and 
 naval force was being got ready with all possible de- 
 spatch, the greatest secrecy being observed as to its 
 destination.2 Sir Hovenden Walker was p t in com- 
 secretprep. mand of the fleet and Brigadier John Hill 
 "■****"•• of the army. Of the former Uttle is known 
 
 apart from his connection with this disastrous enter- 
 prise; and of the latter not much more than that he 
 went by the nickname of " honest Jack Hill " among his 
 boon companions, and that he was a brother to Mrs. 
 Masham, who, in the general overturning, had succeed- 
 ed the Duchess of Marlborough as the queen's favorite. 
 Hill's chief recommendation for this command seems to 
 have been hatred for the ChurchiUs, as the duke had 
 no sooner pronounced him good for nothing, and re- 
 fused him a colonelcy, than the queen pensioned him 
 and made him a brigadier. 
 
 > P«.FiaT (IV., 8*)-87) says this expedition waa the favorite plan of Secretary 
 Bt. John, afterward Lord Bolingbroke. 
 
 » St. John writes to Governor Hunter, of New York, that no one was informed of it 
 except the queen, himself, and his colleague. Lord Dartmouth. Those who were to 
 engage in it were given to understand that its destination waa the south of France 
 
1711] 
 
 THE GREAT SHIPWRECK 
 
 269 
 
 Chi Jmie 8th, while the council was in session at 
 13cston, discussing matters of routine, the booming of 
 cannon at the castle announced some unlooked-for ar- 
 rival from sea. The sitting was immediately broken 
 up by the noise of drums in the streets, calUng the 
 town regiment to arms, if an enemy to repel his attack, 
 If a fnend to show him the proper honors. It proved 
 to b^ Colonel Nicholson, bringing the queen's orders 
 for the immediate levying of the land and naval forces 
 of the colonies as far south as Pennsylvania. Better 
 still, he announced the speedy arrival of the most for- 
 midable armament ever despatched to these shores 
 destined to lay siege to Quebec, while he himself, with 
 the land forces, chiefly raised outside of New England 
 should be engaged in attacking Montreal, at the other 
 exteemity of the line. This sagacious combination, 
 tot devised by some plain colonists in the time of Sir 
 William Phips, now newly renovated and set forth by 
 the queen's advisers, would compel a like division of 
 the enemy's forces to meet it, and it being reckoned 
 that the invaders would still be the stronger at each 
 point, Httle doubt was felt of the result. The main 
 difficulty lay in getting the English forces up to within 
 striking distance, and, by pajrity of reasoning, here also 
 lay the strength of the defence. 
 
 Thus, at one powerful blow, the colonies were to be 
 forever freed from all fears for the future. Certainly 
 the prospect set before the long-suffering people of 
 New England was briUiant indeed; for, with the down- 
 fall of French dominion, all the rubbish of Indian 
 alhances, piratical depredations, contraband trade, and 
 the like, would disappear like water spilled on the 
 ground. Not the least gratifying result, reached by so 
 
270 THE BOEDER WARS OP SEW ENGLAND tmi 
 
 oomprehensive a plan, was the bringing of New Tork 
 mto hne with New England, for, no longer ago than 
 March, Massachusetts had complained to Lord Dart 
 mouth of the criminal neutraUty maintained by New 
 York toward the French Indians. Indeed, the selfish 
 policy pursued by that province in the past had in torn 
 offended disgusted, and well-nigh alienated the stiU 
 powerful Iroquois, who, from being eager to take up the 
 hatchet i^amst the French, as they once were, had 
 grown indifferent or worse in most parts of the con- 
 federacy. 
 
 As her part in this grand undertaking, New England 
 was called upon to raise two regiments. Some dissatis- 
 sumn,on.to faction was felt with the appointment of 
 
 in h.A ^ "^fu'i: *"" ^o^^'^and them, as he was still 
 m bad odor with the provincial authorities and people 
 on accomit of former sharp practices of his, but what 
 would have been resented at another time as a slight 
 put upon them, now passed off without making any stir 
 Yet, considenng that Veteh cordially hated the Bos- 
 tomans this self-restraint on their part was unusual. 
 
 On the 24th 1 the fleet itself entered the harbor un- 
 der a press of sail. Not having looked for it nearly so 
 soon the authonties were taken somewhat by surprise 
 Dudley had^one with Nicholson to attend the meeting 
 of governors caUed at New London. The assembly 
 however, was in session, and with the council it pre- 
 pared to welcome the distinguished visitors in a suitable 
 manner. 
 
 It was just said that the armament was by far the most 
 formidable that had ever crossed the Atlantic under the 
 English flag. Little wonder, then, that the astonished 
 
 • This was Sunday. 
 
1711] 
 
 THE GREAT 8HIPWBECK 
 
 871 
 
 Bostomans should have beHeTed it inTincible In «U 
 there were fifteen dupwf-war, first-rates and frigatT 
 
 canymg nine hundred gmm and manned JTr" 
 by more than five thousand seamen.' ^^. 
 
 There wero forty transports and dx store-ships, having 
 on board seven battaUons of Marlborough's veterans 
 mostly withdrawn from the Netherlands to take p„Tta 
 this expedition besides a battaUon of marines" and a 
 
 it;STo i!r '"'"^' "°'"^'^'« «^«" *» «•« ''"^ •- 
 
 Upon landing, Admiral Walter and Brigadier Hill 
 were escorted to the town-house by the l<Sal milMa 
 and warndy congiatulated upon their safe ^^„ ' 
 arrival. The admiral immediately sent mSI^'S 
 for John Nelson, who win be remembered for his dar^ 
 ing and successful efforts to thwart Frontenac's plans 
 while a prisoner at Quebec No man in New England 
 was better able to give an intelligent idea of the strength 
 and weaknesses of Quebec, although Veteh was in L 
 habit of bc«stmg that he knew more about Canada than 
 the Canadians themselves. Quebec now was by no 
 means, however, the Quebec of the last war 
 
 The royal troops were at once landed and went into 
 camp on Noddle's Isbnd,' opposite the town, where 
 they had a most excellent chance to re- 
 cruit from the effects of their late voyage, bZ^ 
 and prepare for the unexpected work of the new. This 
 
 ' POB a Hat of tline aee BDU m Smt IMUr, No «l» 
 
 ward 36th Foot ; Windress's. IftTmlS^r;; S , ^ "^ "'"^ ^'^ ' ^"^""y'"' «*««'- 
 disbanded in 17lV cZrchi^^^H^^^^^^^ 
 
 the Marines at Annapor ihe^^ll , T"* ^'■""'"^- ^° '"'^ "«« ''^^^ 
 and men. increase; in*:;!,!;^ torn '' -««»'1"» "^-nf was 815 officer. 
 
 * Now East Boston. 
 
 I'i'i 
 
 Hi 
 
 ! :: ! 
 
 I' 11 
 
 ^8 
 
272 THE BOKOER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND £i7ii 
 
 military camp, thus transferred from the fields of Marl- 
 borough's fame, numbered as many men, if not more 
 than Boston itself, and no doubt furnished an object 
 lesson long remembered by ftll who had perhaps seen 
 something of the hardships, but little of the "pomp and 
 circumstance," of war. 
 
 Dudley having returned from New London on the 
 27th, a conference took place between him and the ad- 
 miral on the next day, during which Walker sharply 
 complained of the merchants for offering no more than 
 twenty per cent, for exchange, and ended by threaten- 
 ing " to be gone somewhere else with the forces." 
 
 Councillor Sewall, who was present, remarks that 
 when the conference broke up, "the governor would 
 make the general goe out before him, though he much 
 resisted it." It is presumed that this Kttle breeze soon 
 blew over, as on the following day the admiral, general, 
 field-officers, and several of the sea-captains dined with 
 the governor at Roxbury.^ 
 
 After the exchange of formal civilities was over, the 
 serious business of the hour was taken in hand. It 
 now transpired that in their impatience to get the fleet 
 off before its destination should be discovered, the min- 
 isters had come very near defeating the whole enter- 
 prise at its birth. It was ignorantly assumed by those 
 in the secret that Boston could of course furnish sub- 
 Troubie sistence for the royal army for ten weeks. 
 
 *•*""•• So the commanders simply had been in- 
 
 structed to procure it there. Everj-body was aghast at a 
 proposal so absurd on its face, and to many it looked like 
 a scurvy attempt to throw the responsibility for failure 
 upon them. This, of course, was equally absurd. It 
 
 » " Jxmm 29th, Governor treats the general."— Sewaif Papers. 
 
i7ig 
 
 THE GREAT SHIPWRECK 
 
 278 
 
 was not at all surprising then that only one merchant 
 could be found in the town willing to undertake the 
 truly formidable task of victualling the fleet at so late a 
 day and without one hour's previous notice. This was 
 Andrew Faneuil, uncle to the builder of Faneuil Hall. 
 But for his energy and pluck the expedition must cer- 
 tainly have suffered shipwreck then and there. 
 
 The extraordinary demand immediately doubled the 
 price of everything wanted. This advance was met by 
 an act of the General Court fixing prices on the basis 
 of former values. The greedy merchants retaUated by 
 shutting up their shops or removing their stocks to 
 places of concealment. To counteract this an order 
 quickly passed authorizing the seizure of provisions 
 wherever found, and giving the searching y„y^^^^^ 
 
 officers full power to break into any man's Marumi uw. 
 premises if resisted. This high-handed proceeding had 
 the desired effect. Provisions were brought from their 
 hiding-places. The merchants took what was offered 
 them, though not without grumbling at losing so fair 
 a chance of making their fortunes. And it cannot be 
 denied that in their zeal for the good of the service the 
 provincial authorities had stretched their powers to the 
 danger point. 
 
 The same thing was true with regard to wages. An 
 embargo was declared on July 7th, both to secure sailors 
 for the expedition and to prevent news of it from get- 
 ting abroad. Following on the heels of this came an 
 order to impress all bakers, brewers, coopers, and other 
 artisans, who could not or would not supply the public 
 at the stated prices. It seems, however, that the in- 
 habitants could not all at once get over their traditional 
 and habitual reverence for the Sabbath, orders or no 
 18 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 < ' i 
 
 ! 
 
874 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1711 
 
 orders ; for Colonel King notes in his journal « that 
 on that day nobody would do any work, although the 
 troops were in want of bread. 
 
 It was much less surprising to find it also taken for 
 granted that experienced pilots could be secured at 
 short notice. As a matter of fact, however, the number 
 of seamen m New England acquainted with the rather 
 intricate navigation of the St. Lawrence might be count- 
 ed on one's fingers. It is true that Vetch had been to 
 Quebec some years before in a small craft and had then 
 taken certain soundings of the river; so had Captain 
 John Bonner,'' but with rare exceptions the river had 
 remained a mare clauaum to the Englibh for twenty 
 years past. This difficulty also was overcome by the 
 impressment of several shipmasters, Bonner included 
 who were known to have some knowledge, more or 
 less, of the dreaded river of Canada. 
 
 This done, anew source of initation was found in the 
 frequent desertions from the army and fleet, which the 
 inhabitants were charged with aiding and abetting. The 
 admiral atormed and fumed. He angrily demanded of 
 JJudley that these losses should be made good by a re- 
 sort to an impressment, but Dudley knew better than to 
 attempt such a thing himself, and the admiral wisely 
 refrained from doing what wholly exceeded his powers. 
 , Z'^^^T""' ^^^ promptly passed imposing a penalty 
 of £50 for harboring deserters, with a summary process 
 for bringing the offenders to trial. It is only just to 
 say that the people had so patiently borne with all the 
 
 • ^wSx ttv ahl p"""".!; ^"* "^'^ ^'"'* ^°*^" '^•'*''«'- »"»« ^ «»y. later on 
 
 Wh«x they (the French) were promlslnR themselves to draw aw»v the English t^ 
 
 ZZ:T ""*'*'"' "" English briKantlne wa« coming .p^Zy^:^^^^^ 
 
1711 J 
 
 THE GREAT SHIPWRECK 
 
 275 
 
 bnrdens imposed upon them by the queen, which they 
 felt were quite enough, but also with these unlooked- 
 for exactions of the royal officei^, simply because they 
 reamed of what vast importance the undertaking was * 
 to their own future welfare. 
 
 At another time Dudley would have thought that he 
 had troubles enough of his own, and to spare, without 
 being burdened with so many complicated DudLv. c, 
 evils not of his creating, but laid at his iV:!: 
 
 door all the same. He had his two regiments to raise, 
 transports to provide, and supplies to purchase, with a 
 market abeady swept bare of eveiything to supply the 
 royal forces. (In fact, the Bostonians were eating salt -1 
 meats m order that the troops might have fresh.) There 
 wa« no money. To tide over the emergency X40,000 in 
 bills of credit were issued. Two full regiments were 
 raised and put under the command of Colonels Vetch 
 and Walton, Vetch having come from Annapolis for 
 that purpose, thus bringing the totel land forces up to 
 nearly, if not quite, 7,000 men. 
 
 Ready at last, the combined fleet set sail on July 
 dOth, after a detention of only five weeks in port. The 
 superb appearance of this truly formidable 
 armada, as ship after ship spread itP canvas '''*** ""•• 
 to the breeze, gave rise to the most confident anticipa- 
 tions of success ; yet in view of the domineering con- 
 duct of its officers it may weU be doubted whether its 
 arnvaJ or departure was hailed with the more pleasure. 
 The fleet put in at Gaspe on August 18th on account 
 of contrary wmds. On the 20th it got under way 
 again, the admiral having now on board the flag-ship a 
 
 Ri2 i^e ref ""' ^«-"^ '-"i^hed 1.160. New Hampshire 100. and 
 
 fl 
 
276 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND [mi 
 
 French pUot, called Paradis, picked up by one of the 
 cruisers sent out in advance to prevent news of the 
 fleet from going to Quebec before it. Vetch, all impa- 
 Detay at tience, was in a constant fret over the dila- 
 
 °"P«- tory motions of the admiral in not standing 
 
 on into the river, when the wind was favorable, which 
 course. Vetch did not hesitate to say, would have pre- 
 vented what afterward happened. But Walker charged 
 the delay, as Vetch contends, to the timidity of Paddon 
 his captain, and of <V01d Bonner," his pilot, about weath- 
 enng the shoals of Anticosti. 
 
 Nothing material occurred on the two following days 
 Some of the vessels had been late in coming out of 
 Gasp^, and had fallen astern. All, however, had cleared 
 Anticosti, but were making very little headway in con- 
 Night of au- sequence of light winds and a heavy sea. 
 srurtaad. On the afternoon of the 22d the wind 
 
 worked round to the east or east-southeast, and blew 
 fresh, bringing with it a thick fog. There being no land 
 m sight, from which to judge of the position of the fleet 
 with every prospect of a dirty night before them, by the 
 admiral's orders the ships were hove to, heads to the 
 south, in the expectation that they would thus ride out 
 the night at a safe distance from shore. In plain words 
 while slowly jogging to windward they were left to drift 
 to Joeward. To anchor in a hundred fathoms was of 
 course, out of the question. 
 
 From this poijt, up to which they agree fairly well 
 the various accounts are so conflicting that any attempt 
 to reconcile them would be folly. One thing is clear: 
 No man in his senses would have handled the fleet in 
 that manner if he had not supposed the land many 
 leagues under his lee. 
 
1711] 
 
 THE GREAT SHIPWRECK 
 
 277 
 
 . Darkness enveloped the fleet which was buffeting the 
 rising gale in the way just pointed out, much scattered, 
 and with a growing uneasiness among the officers quite 
 natural to navigators sailing without guide or land- 
 mark.1 
 
 The admiral's account of what fell under his own ob- 
 servation is sufficiently graphic. He was just turning 
 m for the night when Paddon, the captain of the Edgar, 
 came down to say that land was in sight. Supposing it 
 to be the south shore. Walker merely ordered the signal 
 made to steer in the opposite direction, and then went 
 to bed. Shortly after, Captain Goddard, Bre.ke« 
 
 of the army, at the solicitation of the ■he«d. 
 
 French pilot, rushed into the cabin in great agitation 
 and begged of the admiral at least to come on deck, 
 and see for himself ; but Walker, annoyed at the inter- 
 ference of a landsman, only laughed at his feai-s and 
 refused to stir. A second time Goddard came down 
 exclaiming, "For God's sake come on deck or we shall 
 all be lost ! I see breakers all around us." " Putting on 
 my gown and slippers," says the admiral, " I found 
 what he told me to be true ; but still I could see no 
 land to leeward." Just then the moon broke through 
 the mist and showed him his mistake. Under his in- 
 structions the whole fleet was blindly rushing on to its 
 destruction. 
 
 It was midnight, or later, when the alarm was given 
 that the ships were among the breakers. All was in- 
 stantly confusion, terror, and dismay. Signal guns 
 boomed dismally in the darkness. High above the 
 
 • Thb admiral laid the blame of this fatal manoeuvre upon the pilots, who, to a man. 
 
 -._» s-.-i-a os.-n ..n.r r.„^n artviec. iiiu charts show tne fleet tit tiiistime 
 
 to have been aotuaUy embayed by the southerly trend of the north shore. 
 
 I 
 
 
 iii 
 
 m 
 
978 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1711 
 
 rULOS OF THB WBBCK. 
 
 shouts of the living rose the drowning shrieks ot hun- 
 dreds of miserable wretches, as one ship after another 
 fSfr/" "r^*** .'^^y "P°" ">« J'idden rocks of 
 
 ..11 .™ • 1,! ! ^""-'yi^g %g Islands. When it was 
 all ore^ eigtt transports were seen to have been lost 
 and no. .ar from a thousand psiwns had perished. 
 
17J1] 
 
 THE GRBAT SHIPWRECK 
 
 279 
 
 Bad as this was, the wonder is that any escaped to 
 tell the tale. But warned by the signal guns fired by 
 the ships that had struck, some captains wore ship in 
 time to go clear of the rocks, while others, upon finding 
 themselves actually among the breakers, Narrow 
 
 let go their anchors as a last resort and teapn. 
 
 were saved by a lucky shift of wind from the very jaws 
 of destruction. Among others, the flag-ship herself was 
 caught in this perilous plight, from which she only es- 
 caped by cutting her cables and crowding on all sail. 
 
 The next day was spent in rescuing such of the ship- 
 wrecked soldiers and sailors as had survived that dread- 
 ful night. The number saved fell only one short of 
 five hundred, but fully nine hundred more lay stretched 
 along the inhospitable shore, victims to incompetency, 
 obstinacy, or neglect.^ 
 
 On the 25th a council of war was held on board the 
 Windsor, at which it was resolved not to make any fur- 
 ther attempt to ascend the river. The admiral plainly 
 showed that he was still laboring under the depressing 
 impressions left on his mind by the late disaster. Yet 
 none of the fighting ships had sustained any injury 
 worth me^iiitioning, while the land forces were still 
 strong enough to give a good account of themselves. 
 Though crippled, the fleet was by no means disabled. 
 A commander with the spirit of a Nelson or a Wolfe 
 
 > The Queen's regiment, afterward the King's Own. lost two hundred and nineteen 
 officers and men and twenty women. These were probably the troops Charlevoix refei-s 
 to as the queen's guards, etc. Captain Laurence Armstrong, of Windress's regiment 
 afterward Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, escaped with the loss of his clothes', 
 also his own and his company's baggage and arms. Charlevoix makes the number 
 of drowned 8.000, evidently mere guesswork, as fully six weeks elapsed before the 
 disaster was known at Quebec. More or less accurate returns were made of the troops 
 lost, but not of the shipwrecked crews. Only one of the New England transports went 
 ashars, but without loss of life. 
 
280 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 [1711 
 
 r^^T- T . '}" '""^ ''^^^^^*^^- ^-* Walker 
 and mi flinched from it. In vain Vetch urged the 
 
 admiral to recall his decision. A wav of retreat lai 
 absolutely disgraceful " ^* """^ 
 
 was quickly seized 
 upon, defeat confessed, 
 
 SCHUTIBB AND THB INDIAN 8CODT8. 
 
 and the great fleet steered for Spanish Eiver, now Syd- 
 seeing the colonial vessels safe on their own -o-s^ 
 
1711] 
 
 THE GREAT SHIPWHEOK 
 
 281 
 
 Word was immediately sent to Nicholson, who, with 
 the prospect of having aU Canada upon his hands, had 
 no choice but to break camp and disband 
 his forces, in the deepest mortification at £S! 
 
 seeing his really great efforts twice brought to naught 
 before he could even strike a single blow 
 
 Upon New England news of the disaster fell with 
 stunnmg effect. Success, full and ample, had been 
 looked for, not defeat. Looked at in any way it was 
 reahzed that all hope of the conquest of Canada was 
 now at an end for years to come, if not forever. From 
 the attitude of the commanders all along there were 
 well-grounded fears that New England, and particularly 
 Boston, would be made the scapegoat of „„_ 
 
 the affair in order to shield themselves. I^rt 
 
 As usual, intense discouragement gave rise to a season 
 of rigid self-examination by those pious souls who saw 
 only m this signal overthrow the manifest anger of God 
 for the sins of the worldly minded among them In 
 especial, Cotton Mather loudly bewails the decay of true 
 piety as inviting the divine wrath. " Have not burdens 
 been earned through the streets on the Sabbath Day? " 
 he pomtedly asks his congregation of merchants, ship- 
 Wrights, and petty tradesmen. « Have not bakers car- 
 penters, and other tradesmen been employed in servile 
 works on the Sabbath Day ? " 
 
 With better reason, since they themselves had no 
 hand m bringing it about, the Canadians also attrib- 
 uted their escape to " a Providence who in a sin-alar 
 manner watched over them, and who, not ^'j 
 
 content with deli^v-ing them from the c.nL." 
 
 greatest danger which the colony had ever run, had act- 
 ually enriched it with the spoils of an enemy it had not 
 
 
282 THfi BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND [17] j 
 
 even had the trouble to vanquish."' Solemn masses 
 were said, and votive offerings made at tho shrine of 
 Notre Dame de Victoires. 
 
 Strangely enough the earliest intelligence of the dis- 
 aster reached Quebec by way of Albany, after Nichol- 
 son's retreat to that place. It was not until the middle 
 of October that two French ships arrived there from 
 sea, bringing news that no enemy had been seen in 
 coming up the river. These tidings were presently con- 
 VMtigeioithe firmed direct from the scene of the wreck, 
 wreck. ^jji^jj ^^g reported strewn with corpses,* 
 
 lying in heaps among the wreckage of all sorts cast up 
 by the waves. Wedged firmly in the rocks of the Egg 
 Islands lay the stranded hulks that had borne them 
 to their death, slowly dropping to pieces. Superstition 
 had already fixed itself upon the scene of desolation. 
 Mysterious lights, dancing over the water, were said to 
 have heralded the disaster, and are, it is averred, still 
 to be seen on the anniversary of its occurrence. 
 
 A great deal of plunder was secured from the wrecks. 
 Among other things found there was a parcel of proc- 
 lamations, which Hill had got printed at Boston, in 
 bad French, for distribution among the Canadians. 
 They could now afford to laugh at his threats. 
 
 The iU-starred fleet of Sir Hovenden Walker had not 
 yet reached the end of its misfortunes. On the voyage 
 home the frigate Feversham and three transports were 
 lost in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. One week after the 
 admiral's arrival at Portsmouth, the flag-ship Edgar, 
 with the admiral's papers and journals, and four hun- 
 dred men on board, blew up at her moorings.^ 
 
 * Ohablxtoix. 
 
 a WAMKRsays he lost the original of Sir William Phlps's journal of his Canada ex- 
 peditlon by this accident. 
 
1711] 
 
 THE GREAT SHIPWRECK 
 
 283 
 
 In England the Court went into mourning. Strange 
 to say no official inquiry was made into the causes 
 of the return of the fleet. The real delinquents 
 however, sought to shield themselves by throwing 
 the blame upon Dudley, upon the Bostonians, upon 
 the pilots— in short, upon everybody but ,« „ . 
 themselves. Dudley wL notified of the "''ri- 
 coming storm and made a dignified answer. The pilots 
 were sent to England, in order to give their evidence, 
 but It was never called for. The policy of the Minister 
 seemed to be to let the matter die out. Silence, indeed 
 best served to hide the cruel mortification of such a 
 wretched/asco, which it was hoped might be the sooner 
 forgotten. This was all very well for England. But in 
 the colonies, where public expectation had been raised 
 to such a height, only that the fall might be the greater 
 the universal discouragement found vent in mutterings 
 long, loud, and deep.* ^ 
 
 v.'f?»f ''^*V?'^ ^ **"'" contemporaneous authority, the jonmate of Walker HHI 
 *»« Miagaatne for 1766, p. 231. expeaition m the £on- 
 
xxvni 
 
 CONCLUSION 
 
 Commissary Sheafe, writing home from AnnapoUs 
 under date of October 6, 1711, truly says of the futile 
 ending of Walker's expedition : " This will be a bitter 
 pill for New England." His words regarding the out- 
 look were no less prophetic : « The French will now 
 employ their Indians with redoubled rage and maUce, 
 to distress and destroy our exposed frontiers." 
 
 To forestall these incursions, Colonel Walton marched 
 in the autumn at the head of one hundred and eighty 
 men as far as Penobscot, where he found two vessels 
 being fitted out as privateers, and burned them. He 
 also took a few prisoners here. 
 
 A single piece of good fortune may be placed to the 
 credit of Walker's inglorious expedition. It was not 
 much, but it counted for much just at this time, when 
 the public mind was so depressed by defeat. It was 
 now learned that Annapolis had been on the point of 
 falling into the enemy's hands again. Indeed, very few 
 people knew how narrow had been the escape, until the 
 danger was over, or how determined the French were 
 to repossess themselves of a place of such vital impor- 
 tance to the control of the fisheries. 
 
 Outside of the three-mile limit expressed in the 
 axticles of capitulation, the inhabitants were openly 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 S85 
 
 hostile, and inside rf jt covertly so. In the first place 
 they were as strongly loyal to their old master as ever 
 and m the next Nioholson's drastic treatment ZZ 
 ^ely to reconcde them to their new one. To all in- 
 tents, thei^fore they were stiU enemies to be reckoned 
 with. Vaudreml, always aUve to the importance of re- 
 covering Acadia, never ceased to exhort these people 
 ^Zi ^ '^''"'' *•** ^^"-'^^^ to hold teJto 
 to maintain themselves where they were, rather than 
 
 doing. That would never do. Events were shaping 
 themselves exactly to Vaudreuil's wishes. AnnZS 
 had Men in October. By J^ie 1st, following, thtC 
 
 FrZh '°t*"°-*'l''^« °' i<« """bers by s^kess^Mf 
 French reports are true, and in this weak si.„«l. « 
 condition no doubt would have follen an ^.Ci" 
 easy prey to the exasperated Acadians. who we.« only 
 waiting for reinforcements to arrive from Quebec to 
 
 Enl.°fl Tu°^'' '"'°'*- "''«'' "^rtain news of the 
 English fleet being seen on the coast caused the whole 
 enterprise to fall to the ground. After the fleetW 
 
 !teoke ^^ """ """^^ '""""" '«'^«* "^y ^"d'len 
 
 res^'ed'toThf '^' T"""''^ '»°''i«<'"« w^ich finally 
 resulted m the expulsion of the Acadians from thek 
 
 ontLT"*^ '"'''-^'^ ''"'' '"*«'• ^- this tim" 
 onward they were as undeniably the victims of French 
 
 policy as soldiers ordered to hold a post, with the Ml 
 
 knowledge that they are to be sacrifice'd to the S 
 
 llicilla 
 
886 THE BOUDEIi WABg OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 The Bostonians were in the fii-st glow of mingled 
 anger and mortification over the ill-success of the great 
 expedition when a new calamity pushed the old rudely 
 
 2 -;>. ?t^'' ^, ""'^^ '° *''« ^^-^S' " fi'" broke 
 out through the carelessness of an old woman " nick- 
 ing oakum by a lighted candle, by which most of the 
 business part of the town, including its oldest church 
 and Its town-house-two buildings around which clus- 
 tered Its earhest and ktest history-was laid in ashes 
 
 ^. wl. "?1" *^, ^'""'" '^^ nnchecked.' 
 
 h^^ , B . **y ^"^ ^P'"' *''«'' '"^ the very 
 
 heart of Boston was a mass of smouldering ruins It 
 
 h^come hke a thief in the night, when the inhabiiants 
 were wholly unprepared. Besides a number of Uves lost 
 more thaii one hundred families were rendered home- 
 less; and so far did this conflagration surpass any that 
 
 that for fifty years it was always spoken of as the gr«at 
 
 A quiet winter was followed by the usual irruptions 
 m he sprmg. The frontier fairly swarmed with small 
 scalping parties, whose fury chiefly feU upon the towns 
 lymg to the east of the Menimac. It was a sudden 
 
 ,sh«/ \f '''°°/''""' **"" perpetrators had van" 
 .shed as quickly as if the earth had swallowed them up 
 At Exeter, April 16, 1712. one Cunningham was killed 
 
 t V w iu « ''°'" ^'- ™'™'« ^ '°™- Soo" after 
 SamuelWebber wa« shot between York and Cape Ned^ 
 
 dock. Three more were slain, and three wounded, while 
 
 en^ed in teaming at Wells. Lieutenant Josiah Little! 
 
 field,, one of the slain, had but just returned home 
 
CONCMTSION 
 
 ssfr 
 
 from « long captivity. Getting bolder, the marauders 
 present y showed themselves in the middle of the town 
 where they secured two captives. They 
 then went to Spruce Creek, in Kittory, '^IX^ 
 Wiled one lad, took another, and though ""*'■ 
 
 closely pursued, made their escape into the woods 
 Another party struck the upper branch of Oyster Eiver* 
 where they shot Jeremiah Oromett and buLed a saw^ 
 miU. At Dover, Ensign guttle was killed and a son 
 of Lieutenant Heard wounded while standing guard 
 
 ambushed the road between Wells aad Cape Neddock! 
 
 Z. Jf " A rf '"« ^y "' ^-eJish. kiUed the ser- 
 geant and took seven prisoners besides. The rest 
 
 Zlt Z *t"^*' "^'^ *^*y •"""« *° -^ •''«'' '""k ''here 
 f,r^w-n *J«" P»"»«™ «t W till relieved by Oap- 
 tam Waiard. The only loss sustained by the Indians 
 
 MeSm^ ^'^ "^''* ^"'^ -^-^S » «'=°°* »P *« 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that scouting parties were 
 kept out, John Pickemell was shot at Spmce Cree^ 
 he was m the act of locking his door, his wife wounded, 
 and a child knocked on the head and scalped. Stephen 
 Oilman and Ebenezer Stevens were taken at Kingston 
 and Oilman was put to death. Two children of John 
 Waldrou were seized outside of Heard's garrison at 
 Bover and brutaUy decapitated because the savages did 
 not have the time to scalp them, and woidd not lose the 
 scalps. The garrison itself was not molested, although 
 there was no one in it at the time except a few womTn 
 one of whom Esther Jones, kept up such a shouting 
 th»t the assailants, deceived as to the fact, did no fur- 
 
 > PBNHALLOW, whose account Is hnr« f..llQn.s^ S.-J., vi_. ,. ,. 
 
288 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 ther miHcliief there.' Berwick and Wells again suffered 
 the loss of a man each, and at Wells, Sambo, a negro 
 slave belonging to Captain John Wheelwright, was car- 
 ried off while out looking for his master's cows, but 
 quickly made his escape again by trusting to fleetness 
 of foot.' On Heptember Ist John Spencer was killed 
 and Dependanco Storer wounded. 
 
 In September a noteworthy event took place at Wheel- 
 wright's garrison. In the midst of all these alarms, or 
 rather in spite of them, his daughter, Hannah, and 
 Elisha Plaistead, of Portsmouth, were to have an old- 
 fashioned wedding, to which the neighbors far and near 
 had been invited, and had come in goodly numbers 
 End of a wed- to witness, as Wheelwright was a man 
 •""«• of some consequence in that section. But 
 
 there were other guests not far off who had come there 
 unbidden. After the nuptial knot had been tied, and 
 the company was separating to their homes, two horses 
 were missing. Some of the party started off to look for 
 the animals, which were supposed to have strayed away. 
 A few minutes after their departure several gunshots 
 were fired in quick succession. The trap laid for the 
 unwary whites as then exposed. Indian cunning had 
 been used to decoy them to their death. On the spur 
 of the moment, a dozen or more men hastily mounted 
 their horses and rode off to the rescue of their friends, 
 the bridegroom with the rest. 
 
 This party also fell into an ambuscade L - which 
 the savages fired as it was passing at u ^o-xxop, Killing 
 one man. Captain Robinson, outright, and unhorsing 
 the others. All who were unhurt got safely off except 
 
 ' l"«^HALLow: Belknap'B New Hampshire. 
 
 '■* asLATRV at length by Bourne, Hittory of Wells and Kennebunk. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 289 
 
 the unlucky bridegroom, who was quickly seized and 
 dragged away by his tawny captors. Of the first party 
 Joshua Downing and Isaac Cole were killed, and Ser- 
 geant Tucker was wounded and made a prisoner. 
 
 After this rebuflf the white men acted with more pru- 
 dence. A stronger party set out in pursuit of the 
 marauders, who were presently found in strong force, 
 brought to bay, and sharply attacked, though without 
 mating much impression. After the loss of a man or 
 two on each side, the Indians slowly moved off with 
 their captives. Soon after a letter came from Plaistead 
 to his father, saying that his captors demanded £60 
 ransom for him and £30 for his fellow-prisoner, Tucker, 
 besides certain -articles of which they stood in want! 
 He put the number of Indians at two hundred, and 
 said they were from Canada. His letter closes with 
 this moving entreaty : 
 
 Pray, sir, don't fail, for they have given me one day, 
 but the days were but four at first. Give my kind love 
 to my dear wife. This from your dutiful son till death, 
 
 "Elisha Plaistead." 
 
 Had it been attended with no loss of life, the act of 
 kidnapping a bridegroom, and at such an interesting 
 moment, too, might be fairly classed among the humors 
 of the war, instead of being only one more reminder of 
 its stem realities. 
 
 With this affair hostilities definitely closed.^ In fact 
 a treaty of peace had been signed on April xr«.t of 
 
 11, 1713, by the belligerent powers, which utmrht. 
 
 Mctthew Prior, who, with his patron, St. John, had 
 
 Anne on the 18th of the same month. News of this reached New BngUnd in October. 
 
290 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 taken some pirt iii the secret negotiations, tersely char- 
 acterizes as "the d d peace of Utrecht." Strong 
 
 language that; yet it is doubtful if a more scandalous 
 story over disgraced the annals of a nation ; and there 
 were few who could speak with more authority than the 
 pliant tool of an unpcrupulous minister. To the colonies, 
 however, who could have no hand in the settlement, the 
 result was everything. Only those who have witnessed 
 the ravages, the demoralizing influences of war, under 
 the weight of which the colonies were being slowly 
 pressed to death, can begin to realize what the sudden 
 lifting of the weight meant to an impoverished people. 
 To them, at least, peace eame untainted with dishonor. 
 The loss of life, and that too of the very flower of the 
 country, had been such as to give a check to all thoughts 
 of triumph. From the beginning of Philip's War, in 
 Losses by 1675, to the close of Queen Anne's, in 1713, 
 
 '^"' it was reckoned that from five thousand to 
 
 six thousand had perished in the service— a most griev- 
 ous blow to the growth of the country. To the miseries 
 incident to the total extinction of some families and the 
 dismemberment of others, were added the burdens of 
 private and public debts, incurred on account of the 
 war, and likely to last out a lifetime. Yet all disasters 
 had been patiently borne, all sacrifices freely made, in 
 the hope of putting an end, once for all, to a state of 
 things in which these complicated evils had their com- 
 mon source. 
 
 Under the treaty France gave up Acadia as lost, 
 though not without a struggle which should have been 
 Acadia a revelation to the commissioners charged 
 
 gained. ^^j^jj ^j^^ ^^^j ^f framing the various ar- 
 
 One thing after another was offered to procure 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 291 
 
 its return and refused. During the negotiations pre* 
 liminary to the signing, the foUowing proposal was 
 made : " His Majesty offers to leave the fortifications of 
 Placentia as they are, when he yields that place to Eng- 
 land—to agree to the demands made of the guns of 
 Hudson's Bay; moreover, to yield the islands of St. 
 Martin and St. Bartholomew— to give up even the right 
 of fishing and drying cod upon the coast of Newfound- 
 land, if the English will give him back Acadia in con- 
 sideration of these new cessions which are proposed as 
 an equivalent. In this case his Majesty would consent 
 that the river of St. George should be the limit of 
 Acadia, as England desired." 
 
 But after having obstinately refused to gratify Louis 
 by giving back Acadia to France, the English commis- 
 
 cu(iiiiu[[(iim I 
 
 c(ci[ii(([(ciceu t 
 
 TIIIIJIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl 
 
 uttmifcicrtM 
 ftt[nii(([((( I 
 
 Immllll. . ^ flllllflll}!' ' ,ll!!!ff!!l"'f?!H ^' ' m 
 
 '! umiHV .,»umu;;in.tl{l{l 
 
 HUjftuiUintmuuU hI\u\\\ 
 
 UIIIUIIli 
 
 Jiiniiiiii 
 
 CfcmuitM I (ft((tcitt((r(i f ( 'r 1 ' " ' HUiiuiiiutitmuti 
 
 «;"''"/ I ttcfinnititi t c n (I D '.' H'liiaimuuiuiiuii 
 
 [tfic(r(( ( [ cumiiKiticuKtm i rfn s i ', ' iti"'i"iiii(utttcr(u' 
 
 'ttciciK c ( itttHtwirrtfritictca c rnt f J f V' I'liiiii"""*""'""'^'!- 1; 
 
 TOtmi I ritticttttitticfli" mm ( II ( . V u nil m'J[,'[[[i[l!f[!'.' ' 
 
 m I uiuiULnufftfii 
 
 A WAMPCM PBACB BELT. 
 
 sioners immediately proceeded to make an exhibition 
 
 v!nl *^, T':," °°* ''"■'"• "«»t™"izing the ad- 
 vantages of this hai-d-earned conquest. Louis was al- 
 lowed to letam Cape Breton and to fortify 
 there, thus putting it in his power to ere- ^b^'^. 
 ate a much more formidable post than Annapolin had 
 ever been, and one far better situated for commanding 
 
 i 
 
292 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 the entrance to the St. Lawrence. To the dullest com- 
 prehension this piece of folly, or worse, meant that in 
 the event of another war the work just finished would 
 have to be done all over again. To the bewildered col- 
 onists nothing, in short, could be plainer ; but in Eng- 
 land American objects were of secondary importance. 
 
 France also gave up all claim to sovereignty over" 
 Newfoundland, although the privilege of di-ying fish en 
 the west coast was granted her— another stupid con- 
 cession which has periodically threatened to disturb 
 the peace of the two nations until a very late day. In 
 short, as a specimen of modern diplomacy, the Treaty 
 of Utrecht stands without a peer for what it left un- 
 settled and undone. 
 
 The French view of the value of Indian alliances was 
 set forth by the pithy remark of De Costabelle to the 
 minister when going to take charge at Cape Breton, 
 " Point d'argent, point de Suisse." 
 
 One incident of the treaty is not without interest, if 
 only for its damning testimony to the bigotry of the 
 time. Under date of June, 1713, Lord Dartmouth 
 writes by the queen's orders to Nicholson, at Annapo- 
 lis, that inasmuch as the Most Christian King had, at 
 her request, " released from imprisonment on board his 
 Galley- galleys such of his subjects as were do- 
 
 '"■^«'- tained there on account of their professing 
 
 the Protestant religion," it was her Majesty's good 
 pleasure that such of these unfortunates as might have 
 lands or tenements either in Acadia or Newfoundland and 
 were willing to become British subjects, might retain 
 their property, sell it, or remove, as they should see 
 fit. 
 
 The hostile tribes were quickly apprised of the turn 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 293 
 
 uu- 
 
 of affairs through their allies, the French. Left to 
 shift for themselves, no time was lost in sueing for peace. 
 To this end certain of them cams with a Treaty with 
 flag to the fort at Casco, declaring their Indians, 
 
 wish to enter into a treaty with the English. Captain 
 Moody forwarded their request to Governor Dudley, 
 who agreed to hold a conference with them at Ports- 
 mouth, which accordingly took 
 place on July 13, 1713, when 
 a treaty, couched in the usual 
 terms, was duly signed and 
 sealed by the contracting par- 
 ties. It was an agreement in 
 which all the demands were 
 on one side and all the con- 
 cessions on the other. The 
 Indians, on theii- part, freely 
 confessed to their past mis- 
 deeds, again acknowledged 
 themselves lawful subjects of 
 the Crown of England, prom- 
 ised for the future to forbear 
 all acts of hostility toward the 
 English or in any way ob- 
 structing the free entrance of 
 the refugee settlers upon their 
 old plantations. As a measure 
 of security the Indians were 
 prohibited from coming near 
 any English settlement on the 
 west of Saco. Other stipula- 
 tions were similar to those embodied in the treaty of 
 1693, made between the Indians and Sir William Phips. 
 
 Kirebenuit. 
 
 Warratemitt. 
 
 Bmnaxeen. 
 
 Wadacanaquin. 
 
 uEneas. 
 
 lieaniU. 
 
 Jackoid, 
 
 ^ Joseph. 
 
 TBSATY 8TMB0U. 
 
394 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OP NEW ENGLAND 
 
 f».fr t"*^*-! '"'f'yyea.sof almost continuous war- 
 fare broken only by a short respite of four yeai« from 
 ite alarms, and d»ing which the valor, patieni^d 
 end^^ce of the inhabitant of New EnglL ZZt 
 put to the severest test. As the truest index to the 
 ^racter of a people, stmggUng with an adve^y 
 
INDEX 
 
 . ! 
 
 Abenalda. (See Canibas, Mali- 
 cites, MiCMAOS, Pbnnaoooks, 
 
 SOKOKIS, ETC.) 
 
 Abenquid killed, 108. 
 
 Acadia (Nova Scotia), expedition to 
 attack, 57 ; restored to France, 153 
 and note. 
 
 Acadians, The, their anomalous con- 
 dition, 285, 
 
 Adams, Samuel, mentioned, 344 
 (note). 
 
 Agamenticus, Mount, a lookout for 
 Indians, 78. 
 
 Amesbury, Mass., raided, 319. 
 
 Andover, Mass. , assailed, 134. 
 
 Andros, Sir Edmund, as war gov- 
 ernor, 10 ; plunders St. Castin, 10 ; 
 makes a winter march into Maine, 
 12 ; is deposed, 13. 
 
 Andros, Captain Elisha, holds peace 
 talk, 69. 
 
 Androscoggin Indians killed by 
 Church, 67. 
 
 Annapolis Royal {aho Port Royal) 
 menaced with a revolt, 284. 
 
 Appleton, Samuel, 374 (note). 
 
 Appleton, Lieutenant-colonel Will- 
 iam, at Port Royal, 228. 
 
 Armstrong, Captain Lawrence, es- 
 capes the wreck, 279. 
 
 ARacumbuit, his murderous deeds, 
 348 and note. 
 
 Austin, Matthew, slain, 207 (note). 
 
 Ayres, Corporal, taken and given his 
 liberty again, 365. 
 
 Baker, Thomas, rescued, 68. 
 
 Baptiste, a corsair, exchanged for 
 Rev. John Williams, 310, 213. 
 
 Barker, Lieater .it, killed, 301. 
 
 Barnard, Mrs. Benjamin, retaken, 67 
 (note). 
 
 Barnard, Rev. John, account of op- 
 erations at Port Royal, 228, 229. 
 
 Beaubassin, M. de, conducts the 
 siege of New Casoo Fort, 160. 
 
 Beauc^ur, M. de, strikes Lancaster, 
 Mass., 205. 
 
 Becancour, residence of seceding 
 Abenakis, 150 and note. 
 
 Bellomont, Lord, dies, 147, 148. 
 
 Berwick, Me. ,troops mustered at,86 
 killing at,72 ; ravages at (1708),165 
 desperate attack on (1703), 168 
 friendly Indians posted at, 188. 
 
 Bickford, Thomas, saves his garri> 
 son, 99. 
 
 Biddef ord Pool (See Winter Har- 
 bor.) 
 
 Bigot, IV. Jaques, sets on attack on 
 York, 76 ; incites Indians to war, 
 154. 
 
 Billerica, Mass., raided, 85; killing 
 at, 106 and note. 
 
 Black Point. (See Scarborough, 
 Me.) 
 
 Blackman, Benjamin, seizes Indians, 
 11. 
 
 Blancbard, Hannah, killed, 219. 
 
 Blanchard, Nathaniel, killed, 219. 
 
 Bolingbroke, St. John, Lord, en- 
 gages in conquest of Canada, 268 
 and note. 
 
296 
 
 INDEX 
 
 
 194 
 
 at 
 
 288 
 
 his 
 
 Bomazeen, at aaok of Durham. 97- 
 captured, 104 ; at council ot Casco! 
 151. 
 
 Bonaventure, de. at taking of Pema- 
 quid, 111; implicated in contra- 
 band trading, 221 and note. 
 Bonner, Captain John, impreseed as 
 
 pilot, 274 and note. 
 Borland, John, fined for contraband 
 
 trading, 222. 
 Boston, plan to destroy it frustrated, 
 129; visited by small-pox, 149; 
 losses inflicted upon her commerce,' 
 251; great armament assembled at,' 
 272; great fire at, 286. 
 Boston Newft Letter published, 
 
 and note, 
 Boularderie, M. de, wounded 
 
 Port Royal, 235. 
 Bourne, Edward E.. quoted, 
 {note). 
 
 Braokett. Anthony, fight at 
 fwrn, 39 ; escapes, 68. 
 
 Bradley, Hannah, scalds an Indian, 
 169; her suflFerings and heroism 
 170 and tiote. ' 
 
 Bradley, Joseph, his garrison capt- 
 ured, 169. 
 
 Bradstreet, Lieutenant-colonel Dud- 
 ley, his house attacked, 134, 135. 
 
 Bragdon, Arthur, his family slain. 
 165. 
 
 Breakfast Hill, N. H., 109 and 
 note. 
 
 Brookfield, Mass., killing at, 86; 
 depredations at. 93 ; more kill- 
 ing, 264. 
 
 Brouillan (Governor of Acadia), 
 story of his heart, 152 (note), 221 
 (note). 
 
 Brown, Captain, drives enemy at 
 Berwick, 168. 169. 
 
 Burt, John, lost in the woods, 2.58. 
 
 Canada, unassailable. 56; attacked 
 by Phips. 58 ; does not want peace, 
 9i; her military strength, 143; 
 
 Vaudreuil forms new defensive 
 Ime, 150; the conquest of, urged, 
 214 ; motives for avoiding a conflict 
 with New York, 238; Walker's 
 expedition against fails, 377 et 
 aeq. 
 
 Canibas, location of, 3. 
 
 Cape Breton becomes a strategic 
 point, 291. 
 
 Cape Elizabeth, Church's fight there, 
 69, 
 
 Cape Neddook, Me., visited by 
 Church, 69 ; killing at, 71. 
 
 Cape Porpoise laid waste, 158. 
 
 Captain Nathaniel at sack of Dur- 
 ham, 97. 
 
 Captain Samuel at counoU of Casco 
 151. 
 
 Captain Tom raids Hampton, 163 
 Casco, or New Casco, important 
 council held at, 150 ; fort assaulted, 
 159. (AVc Falmouth also.) 
 Caughnawagas turn back from war 
 241. ' 
 
 Chaillons, St Ours de, attacks 
 
 Haverhill, 340. 
 Chambly, a French officer, killed, 
 
 Charlevoix, Francis Xavier, referred 
 to, 228. 
 
 Checkley, Rev. Samuel, 244 {note). 
 
 Chesley, Captain, killed, 236. 
 
 Chigneoto (Beaubassin) burned, 118- 
 again destroyed, 203. ' 
 
 Chubb, Captain Pascho, in command 
 at Pemaquid, 107 ; seizes Indians, 
 108; surrenders the fort, 111 ; put 
 in arrest, 113; slain by Indians 
 134. ' 
 
 Church, Benjamin, first expedition 
 of, 38 et aeq. ; fight at Falmouth, 
 39 ; limit of march, 42 ; second ex- 
 pedition, 66 et seq. ; operations 
 on the Androscoggin, 67; goes to 
 Pemaquid, 84, 85: fourth e:jpedi- 
 tion, 112, 113 ; superseded, 114and 
 
INDEX 
 
 297 
 
 note; offen his services to Dudley, 
 193 ; fifth expedition, 196 et seq. • 
 lays Acadia waste, 201, 802. 
 
 Church, John, killed, 266. 
 
 Coffin, Ebenezer, fined for contraband 
 trading, 2^3, 
 
 Cole, AbigaU, kiUed, 108. 
 
 Cole, Isaac, killed, 289. 
 
 Cole, Nicholas, killed, 189. 
 
 Cole, Thomas, killed, 108. 
 
 Colton, Captain Thomas, notable ex- 
 ploit of, 86. 
 
 Connecticut, sends soldiers into the 
 Valley, 164 ; agrees to aid in its de- 
 fence, 173 ; complaint of backward- 
 ness of, 220 ; raises forces to invade 
 Canada, 251. 
 
 Connecticut Valley, fighting strength 
 
 of (1704), 173 and note. 
 Contoocook River, N. H., scene of 
 
 Mrs. Dustan's exploit, 122. 
 Contraband trade, exposure of, 221. 
 Converse, Captain James, repulses 
 
 Indians at WeUs, 70, 71 ; his brave 
 
 defence of, 76-81 ; ranges in Maine, 
 
 92. 
 
 Courtemanche, Tilly de, at the tak- 
 ing of Falmouth, 49; in Boston 
 about exchange of prisoners, 209. 
 
 Cow Island (Saco River), soldiers 
 slain at, 132. 
 
 Cowass, or Cowassuc, rumors of an 
 Indian fort there, 190 and note ; 
 adventure of a ranging party there. 
 191. 
 
 Cromett, Jeremiah, killed, 287. 
 Cutts, Mrs. Ursula, killed, 102. 
 Dane, Thomas, taken prisoner, 189. 
 Davis, Captain Sylvanus, surrenders 
 
 Fort Loyal, 52 ; hia narrative, 54 
 
 (note) ; is exchanged, 64. 
 Dean, John, his saw-mill, 96; is 
 
 kiUed, 97; Mrs. Dean's escape, 
 
 98. 
 Deerfieid, Mass., a frontier village, 
 
 178 ; expects an attack, 174 ; the 
 
 blow falls, 177; set on fire, 180; 
 slaughter at, 180. 
 
 Des Goutins confirms contraband 
 trading, 221. 
 
 Diamond, John, tortured to death 
 81. ' 
 
 Doneys at taking of Falmouth, 49; 
 Robin Doney captured, 104. 
 
 Dover, N. H., sacking of, 14-22; 
 how protected, 14 ; Indians seized 
 at, 17; loss of life at, 21 ; killing 
 at, 109; escapes an ambush, 207 
 {note) ; man kiUed at, 264 ; more 
 outrages at, 266, 287. 
 
 Downing, Dennis, slain by Indians 
 181. ' 
 
 Downing, Joshua, killed, 289. 
 
 Drake, Samuel G., his preparations 
 for this work, 1. 
 
 Drew, John, his house assaulted, 216. 
 
 Dudley, Joseph, made governor, 148 ; 
 arrives in Boston, 149 ; eflbrts to 
 keep the peace, 150 ; efforts to meet 
 the crisis, 163, 164; labors with 
 Governor Winthrop for defence 
 of Connecticut Valley, 173; no- 
 tified to look to Deerfieid, 174 ; his 
 disgust with want of energy there, 
 183 ; employs friendly Indians, 188 ; 
 plays fast and loose about Port 
 Royal, 204; suggests a neutrality 
 to Vaudreuil, 210; urges conquest 
 of Canada, 214 (note) ; suspected 
 of contraband trading, 283 ; sends 
 fleet back to Port Royal, 234; 
 troubles with British commanders. 
 278 et seq. ; makes peace with hos- 
 tiles, 293. 
 Dudley, Paul, brings action against 
 
 illicit traders, 222. 
 Dudley, William, goes to Canada 
 
 about exchange, 210 and note; at 
 
 Port Roval, 228. 
 Dummer, iiev. Shubael, killed, 75. 
 Dunkin, Benoni. killed, 68. 
 Dunkin, Mary, killed, 68. 
 
298 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Dunafcable, sharp combat at, 318 and 
 
 notes. 
 Durell, Philip, his family carried off, 
 
 158 and tiote. 
 Durham, N. H., attacked, 38 {aho 
 OrsiBR RivEU) ; depredations at, 
 92; murderous descent on, 96 et 
 aeq.; loss of life at, 102; further 
 killing at, 207 {note) ; again mo- 
 lested, 216; massacre at (1707), 
 236. 
 Dustan, Hannah, taken captive, 130 ; 
 kills her captors and mako her es- 
 cape, 125, 126; gets bounty for 
 scalps, 128. 
 Dustan, Thomas, saves his children, 
 
 118. 
 Dntton, Joanna, killed, 86. 
 Eastport, Me., visited by Church, 
 
 199. 
 Egeremet, a Kennebec sagamore, 11 ; 
 at the attack on Wells, 78 ; killed, 
 108. 
 Egg Islands, Walker's fleet wrecked 
 
 at, 278. 
 Emerson, Jonathan, his garrison, 343. 
 Exeter, N. H., attacked, 54 ; killing 
 at, 72; disturbed by enemy, 131 ; 
 several persons slain at, 230 ; again, 
 264. 
 Falmouth, Me. (also Casco), Swaine's 
 fight at, 37; Church relieves it, 
 39 ; losses at, 41 ; attacked and 
 burned, 49-51 ; Port Loyal taken, 
 52 ; dead buried at, 84 ; Falmouth 
 new fort assaulted, 159 (see Cas- 
 co) ; settlement burned, 160. 
 Paneuil, Andrew, undertakes to sup- 
 ply Walker's expedition, 273. 
 Fletcher, Pendleton, taken captive, 
 
 264. 
 Floyd, Captain, pursues Indians, 54. 
 Port Ann, Kennebec River, 13 (note). 
 Port Loyal, attacked and taken, 50 ; 
 
 capitulation broken, 53. 
 Port William Henry, Me., 85, 
 
 Poss, Humphrey, captured and res- 
 
 oued, 266. 
 Pox Point, N. H,, assaulted, 54. 
 Freeman, Captain, at Port Royal, 
 
 237 (note), 238. 
 Prontenac, Louis de Buade, Count 
 de, sketched, 44; sends out war 
 parties, 46 ; defends Quebec, 59 ; 
 plans capture of Pemaquid, 109. 
 Frost, Captain Chari-, , at Dover, 
 
 17; is slain, 181. 
 Pryeburg, Me., early home of the 
 
 Pequawket tribe, 4. 
 Galley slaves, French Protestants 
 
 serving as such, 292. 
 Gallop, Captain Samuel, his men 
 
 kiUed, 168. 
 Galusha, Rachel, killed, 219. 
 Gardiner, Rev. Andrew, killed by 
 
 mistake, 207. 
 Gardner, Captain , fights at Hav- 
 erhill, 343. 
 Garland, David, slain, 264. 
 Garriscm houses, their design, 2 ; at 
 Dover, 14 ; at Casco or Falmouth, 
 50 ; at York, 74, 75 ; at towns in 
 Massachusetts, 95 ; at Durham, 98, 
 99 ; at Haverhill, 117; at Berwick, 
 168 ; garrison life, 224; at Haver- 
 hill, 243. 
 Gerrish, Sarah, her captivity, 23-26 ; 
 
 is released, 64. 
 Gilman, Jacob, captured, 264. 
 Gilman, Stephen, killed, 287. 
 Gooch, Benjamin, escapes Indians, 
 
 189 and note. 
 Grf'pnieaf, Captain, pursues Indians, 
 
 54. 
 Groton, i'ass., raided, 102. 
 Gyles, John, relation of, 30 et seq. 
 Gyles, Mark, wounded, 207 (note). 
 Gyles, Thomas, killed, 32. 
 Haley, Sergeant, killed, 106. 
 Hammond, Major, taken, 106. 
 Hampton Village, N. H., harried, 
 162. 
 
 
INDEX 
 
 299 
 
 res- 
 
 jyal, 
 
 Dunt 
 war 
 59; 
 0. 
 ver, 
 
 the 
 
 mts 
 
 nen 
 
 by 
 
 av- 
 
 at 
 th, 
 
 in 
 98, 
 
 3k, 
 
 er- 
 
 IB, 
 
 IB, 
 
 I 
 f 
 
 d. 
 
 Harding, Stephen, makes his escape 
 
 from Indians, 155, 150. 
 Harmon, Johnson, mentioned, 364 
 
 (note). 
 Hartshorne, Thomas, killed, 246. 
 Hatch, Colonel, 244 (note). 
 Haverhill, MasB., situation and de- 
 fences of, 117, 118; Indian de- 
 scent at, 118 et seq. ; onslaught of 
 1708, 243 et aeq. ; sharp fight at, 
 248. 
 Hawthorne (or Hathorne), Captain 
 William, seizes Indians, 16; su- 
 persedes Church, 114. 
 Haynes, Jonathan, killed, 135. 
 Heard, Ann, retaken, 67. 
 Heard, Mrs. John, slain, 131. 
 Heard, Lieutenant, bravery of, 266. 
 Hertel, Francois, leads an attack on 
 Salmon Palls, 47; at Falmouth, 
 49. 
 Hill, Brigadier John, commands 
 troops destined for Canada, 268, 
 271 (note). 
 Hill, Ensign John, his lucky escape, 
 
 80. 
 Hill, Captain Samuel, acts in behalf 
 
 of his fellow-prisoners, 209, 310. 
 Hilton, Major Winthrop, goes out 
 with Church, 199 ; leads forces to 
 Norridgewock. 208; scouts in 
 Maine, 325 ; serves at Port Royal, 
 227; is assassinated, 263 and 
 note. 
 ivinsdale, Mehuman, captured, 256. 
 Hobby, Sir Charles, at Port Royal, 
 
 259. 
 Hodgdon, Nicholas, slain, 189. 
 Hoel, Mrs., slain, 215. 
 Hopehood, at taking of Falmouth, 
 
 49 ; strikes Fox Point, 54. 
 Horn, John, wounded, 266. 
 How, Captain, defends Lancaster, 
 
 206. 
 Huckins, Mrs. Robert, recaptured, 
 67 (note). 
 
 Hunncwcll, Captain Richard, slain 
 at Black Point, 164. 
 . Huntoon, Philip, captured, 264. 
 Huntoon, Samuel, killed, 364. 
 Hutohins, Enoch, loses wife and 
 
 children, 215. 
 Hutchinson, Major Thomas, sent to 
 the relief of York, 76; at Port 
 Royal, 234. 
 Hutchinson, Thomas, cited on Ind- 
 ian barbarities, 184 (note). 
 Iberville, Le Moyne de, takes Pem- 
 aquid, 110; takes possession of 
 Newfoundland, 114. 
 Indian names, unreliability of early 
 
 tribal designations, 3. 
 Indian tribes, how placed in 1687, 3, 
 
 4. 
 Indians of New England (see differ- 
 ent tribes); how King William's 
 War left them, 137. 138 ; situation 
 of, 234 ; compelled to submit, 298. 
 Iroquois furnish warriors to invade 
 
 Canada, 353 ; at Port Royal. 259. 
 Isles of Shoals threatened, 72. 
 James U., his death-bed, 141. 
 Johnson, Jonathan, slain at Haver- 
 hill, 169. 
 Joliet, Louis, taken prisoner, 64. 
 Jones, Esther, her clever stratagem, 
 
 287. 
 Joslin, Peter, family butchered, 85. 
 Kankamagus, attacks Dover, 18 ; 
 hostages for his good behavior, 68. 
 Kent, Mr., slain at Casco, 160. 
 King, Colonel, bis journal quoted, 
 
 274 (note). 
 King William's War, causes of, 9, 10 ; 
 ended by Peace of Ryswick, 134 ; 
 loss of life by it, 137. 
 Kingston, N. H., visited by scalping 
 
 party, 264, 287. 
 Kittery, Me., killing at, 108 ; In.di«|!ii; ■ 
 at, 106 ; again infest it, 215 and 
 
 ' La Brognerie killed, 79. 
 
 ^-•^v,. 
 
800 
 
 IJ^DKX 
 
 Lafld, Samuel, killed, IHS, 
 
 La Hontaii. Baron, on St. Caatin, 37. 
 
 Lamprey lliver, N. H. (Newmarket). 
 
 attacked, 54. 
 Lanoaater, Mass., raided, Wi; again, 
 
 133 ; nearly destroyed, 5>05, a06. 
 La Perriere in attack ou Haveriiill 
 
 240. • 
 
 Larrabee, William, family butchered. 
 158. ' 
 
 Lawrence, Daniel, captured, 80. 
 Lawrence, ThomaB, taken and killed 
 86. ' 
 
 LawBon, Roger, fined for contraband 
 trading, 223. 
 
 Lee, Mrs., redeemed from cap ivitv 
 39. •^' 
 
 Leonardson, Samuel, a captive to the 
 Pennacooks, 123 ; helps to slaugh- 
 ter his captors, 125. 
 
 Leverett, John, sent to Port Royal 
 234. 
 
 Littlefield, Lieutenant Josiah, killed, 
 286 and note. 
 
 Littlefield, Mrs , kUled, 236. 
 
 Livingstone, Captain John, goes to 
 Canada about exchange of prison- 
 ers, 209 ; at taking of Port Royal, 
 260 ; goes on a mission to Canada 
 261. 
 
 Longley, Lydia, taken prisoner, 103 
 (note). 
 
 Longley, John, taken prisoner, 103 
 (note). 
 
 Louis XIV., he directs colonial af- 
 fairs, 146. 
 
 Lyman, Caleb, his account of a scout, 
 191. 
 
 Madookawando, at taking of Pal- 
 mouth, 49 ; heads attack on Wells, 
 76; at Quebec, 87; breaks the 
 treaty, 96. 
 
 Magoon, John, killed, 264. 
 
 Malicites, locatici of, 3. 
 
 Manchester, N. H., various names 
 of, 167 (note). 
 
 March. CapUin John, marches to 
 Pejopscot, 12 ; at Pemaquid, i'i ; 
 scouting in Maine, liJO; beats off 
 Indians at Falmouth, 159 and 
 note ; idle march into wilderness, 
 164 ; kills Indians at Pigwaoket,' 
 165 ; commands at Port Roval' 
 227. ' ' 
 
 Mare Point, Me., peace concluded at 
 with Indians, 136. ' 
 
 Marlborough, Mass., killing at. 264. 
 Martin, Captain, commands fleet at 
 
 Port Royal, 269. 
 Mascarene, Paul, at taking of Port 
 
 Royal, 259. 
 Mason, Major Samuel, commands 
 
 friendly Indians, 188, 
 Massachuoetts forces in the field, 
 
 317 ; forces for invasion of Canada' 
 
 251. 
 
 Massacre Pond, Me., 166 {note). 
 Mather, Cotton, on the war, 10. 
 Matinicus Island, Me., Church makes 
 his rendezvous there, 196 and 7iote. 
 Medocktec Port, 34. 
 Meneval (Governor of Acadia) 
 charges Phips with robbing him 
 58 (note). ' 
 
 Mesandowit's treachery, 18. 
 Micmacs, location of, 8. 
 Mines, or Grand Pr6, burned, 301. 
 Monhegan Isand, Church's forces at 
 113. ' 
 
 Moody, Waiiam, captured, 256; his • 
 
 strange adventures, 257-59. 
 Mount Desert Island, Church's expe- 
 dition puts in at, 197. 
 MoxuB, goes against Pemaquid, 28 • 
 attacks Wells, 70; again, 76*; re- 
 news hostilities, 95; raids Groton, 
 103; escapes from his captors 108 
 Munjoy Hill, Portland, Me., masl 
 
 sacre at, 50, 51. 
 Neale's garrison, Berwick, Me. de- 
 fended, 168. ' 
 Neff, Mary, taken at Haverhill, 130. 
 
INDEX 
 
 801 
 
 Nelson, John, scene with Phips, 68 
 (note) ; is taken prisoner, 87 and 
 note; thwarts Frontenao's plans, 
 88; is sent to France a prisoner, 
 90 ; is released, 93 ; referred to, 
 221 (note) ; is consulted about 
 Canada, 271. 
 
 Nesmond, Marquis de, to destroy 
 Boston, 129. 
 
 Newbury, Mass., nine persons carried 
 off, 107. 
 
 New Dartmouth (Newcastle), Me., 
 
 raided, 11. 
 New England unprepared for war, 
 10 ; does not wish for it, 44 ; new 
 charter goes into effect, 82 ; losses 
 by King William's War, 137; popu- 
 lation in 1703, 142 ; military sys- 
 tem, 143 ; men in service, 170 ; im- 
 portance of her fisheries in Acadian 
 waters, 237 ; raises more troops for 
 Canada, 270; effect of Walker's 
 disaster upon, 281 ; losses by the 
 wars, 290. 
 
 New England frontier, extent of in 
 1687, 2; unsettled state of under 
 Andros, 10 ; garrisons established 
 to cover (see Gakbisons) ; con- 
 dition in 1694, 95 ; act to prevent 
 desertion of, 95. 
 
 Newfoundland, importance of to New 
 England, 115. 
 
 New Hampshire, on the point of de- 
 sertion, 95 ; her efforts in the war 
 (1703), 170. 
 
 New Harbor, Me., in 1689, 33. 
 
 Newlchewannock. (See Berwick, 
 Me.) 
 
 New Jersey refuses aid to invade 
 Canada, 253. 
 
 New London, Conn., meeting of gov- 
 ernors at, 270. 
 
 New York, tacit truce with Canada, 
 238 ; raises troops to invade Can- 
 ada, 251; enters heartily upon 
 Canada campaign, 270. 
 
 Nicholson, Governor Francis, sends 
 Mrs. Dnstan a pewter tankard,l38 ; 
 takes the lead in an to invade 
 Canada, 950 and note; leads 
 troops to Wood Creek, 263; is 
 compelled to break camp, 854; 
 sails for England, 254 ; returns and 
 takes Port Royal, 259 ; his journal, 
 261 (note) ; threatens Vaudreuil 
 with retaliation, 263 ; induces the 
 ministry to attempt conquest of 
 Canada, 367; at Boston, 269; 
 obliged to retreat, 281. 
 
 Norridgewock, Me., Indian mission 
 at, 76; attempt to surprise fails 
 208. 
 
 Northampton, Mass., garrison at 
 
 surprised, 190. 
 North Yarmouth, Me., raided, 11. 
 Old Harry slain, 167. 
 Oyster River. (See Durham.) 
 Paper money, first Massachusetts 
 
 issue, 65 ; another issue, 375. 
 Parsons, Mrs. Hannah, taken cap- 
 tive, 165. 
 Partridge, Colonel Samuel, report on 
 fighting strength of Connecticut 
 Valley, 173. 
 Passacomuc, Easthampton, Mass., 
 
 190 (note). 
 Peace of Ryswick proclaimed, 134. 
 Peace of Utrecht, 289, 290 ; unfavor- 
 able to New England, 291. 
 Peaslee garrisons (Joseph and Na- 
 thaniel), situation of, 243, 24.5. 
 Pejepscot Port, Church at, 67 ; re- 
 visited, 68. 
 Pemaquid, taken, 28, 29; fort re- 
 built, 84 ; strategic importance de- 
 scribed, 84 (note) ; named William 
 Henry, 85 ; plan to surprise, 88 ; 
 treaty concluded at, 93 ; four killed 
 and six wounded at, 107; again 
 taken, by Iberville, 110. 
 Penhallow, Samuel, singular state- 
 ment of his, 186 and note. 
 
302 
 
 INDKX 
 
 Pennacooka, location of, 8; give 
 shelter to Philip'H men, IR. 
 
 Pennnylvania refmea troops in 
 Queen Anne'a War, !25a. 
 
 Pliillipa, John. Jr., fined for contra- 
 band trading, 22'.i. 
 
 Phippeny, Mr., Icilled at Caaoo 
 !♦». 
 
 Phipa. Sir William, who ho waa, .57 ; 
 takes Port Royal, 68 ; repulsed at 
 Quebec, 51); appointed governor, 
 83; rebuilda Pomaquid, 84; aigna 
 treaty there, 03 ; dies in England 
 105. 
 Piokernell, John, shot, 287. 
 Pino Point (also Bluk Point), Mo., 
 
 skirmish at, 36. 
 Plaisttad, Elisha, ludicrous advent- 
 ure of, 288, 289. 
 Portneuf leads an attack on Fal- 
 mouth, 49 ; against Wells, 77. 
 Port Royal, N. S., how named, 55 
 {note) ; taken by Phips, 57 ; re- 
 taken by ViUebon, 72 ; reduction 
 of discussed, 226 ; troops raised for 
 it, 337 ; are landed, 228 ; re-embark, 
 238 ; are sent back again, 2;W ; but 
 fail as before, 235 ; is finally taken 
 by Nicholson, 261 ; called An- 
 napolis Royal, 261. 
 Portsmouth, N. H., raided, 109. 
 Praying Indians, location of, 3. 
 Price, Captain, at Haverhill, 243. 
 Prior, Matthew, his agency in peace 
 
 negotiations, 290, 
 Prisoners, steps looking to exchange 
 
 of, 208 et seq. 
 Purpooduc Point, Me., Church's 
 
 fight at, 69 ; slaughter at, 159. 
 Quaboag. (See Bbookfield.) 
 Quebec, Phips repulsed at, 58, 59 ; 
 its strength, 60 ; English plan of 
 attack, 62. 
 Queen Anne's War breaks out, 141 ; 
 
 a pretext found for it. 154. 
 Queen's Arms first imported, 194. 
 
 Rale, Sebastian, oxoitea Indians to 
 war, 154 
 
 Redknap, Colonel (engineer officer), 
 at Port Royal, 227 and note.- givta 
 half-hearted aid, 88 J. 
 
 Rehoboth, meeting of govemora at. 
 2.'i4. ' 
 
 Rhode Island raisoa troopa for in- 
 vasion of Canada, 2.5! and note. 
 
 Roaring Rock, locality in York. Me 
 75. ' 
 
 Robinson, Captain, killed, 288. 
 Rolfe, Rev. Benjamin, slain, 244 and 
 note. 
 
 Romer, Colonel Wolfgang, men- 
 tioned, 227 (note). 
 RouviUe, Hertel de, leads an attack 
 on Deerfield, K5; begins his re- 
 treat, 183 ; ia attacked, but beats 
 off his assailants, 184 ; is wounded, 
 186; leads a war-party against 
 Haverhill, 240. 
 Rowse, William, detected in contra- 
 band trading, 221 ; arrested and 
 fined, 321, 
 Rye, N. H, killing at, TO. 
 Saco Falls, Biddeford, Me., 86 (note)- 
 Church at, 69 ; fort built at, 93 and 
 note,- Indians infest, 106; soldiers 
 surprised at, 183 ; fort assaulted, 
 159 and note ; more killing at, 167 ; 
 again visited, 264. 
 Saco River, Indians killed at, 68. 
 Sagadahoc, truce of, 70 and note. 
 Saillant, M. de, killed, 335. 
 St. Castin, Baron de, his trading- 
 post plundered, 10; his career, 
 27 ; heads an attack against Pema- 
 qnid, 28; at the taking of Fort Loy- 
 al, 49 ; at the assault of Wells, 77. 
 St. Castin, the yonnqor, leads Ind- 
 ians against Pemaquid, 110; his 
 house plnndeied. 154; wife and 
 children taken, 1(7; fights and is 
 wounded at Port Royal, 235 ; goes 
 on a mission to Canada, 202. 
 
INDEX 
 
 303 
 
 8t Croix River, lamilngn raided by 
 
 Church, 19», L»00 and note. 
 St. FranciH, village of Bocediug Abo- 
 
 nakiH, 16<) and note. 
 St. John River, Hkirmish at, 114. 
 St. John's, Newfoundland, takin by 
 
 French. 114; and in burned, 115. 
 Suhnon Falla, N. H., destroyed, 47. 
 
 48. 
 
 Scalp bounty, offered by MasBRchu- 
 
 ■ettg, 16(i; increased. 19^». 
 Scamman, Captain Humphrey, taken 
 
 by Indians, loS. 
 
 Scarborough {also Black PoiNT),as- 
 
 saulted, 1.59 and tiote ; niasBacro 
 
 at, 164, 1(55 and note; Indians 
 
 slain at, ii:i', and note. 
 
 Schenectady sacked and burned, 4(5. 
 
 Schuyler, Captain John, bold dash 
 
 of, 68 (7iote). 
 Schuyler, Colonel Peter, warns Dud- 
 ley of a threatened descent, 1T4 ; 
 BOWS defection among the French 
 Iroquois, ayO; takes Indians to 
 England, 254. J.'55. 
 Sowall, Samuel, on the Schenectady 
 
 affair, 46 ; his prayer, 236. 
 Sheaffe, Commissary, quoted, 284. 
 Shed, Agnes, killed, 86. 
 Shed, Ann, killed, 86. 
 Shed, Hannah, killed, 86. 
 Sheepscot, John, 105 and note. 
 Sheldon, Ensign John, his house 
 forced, 179 and note; goes to 
 Canada about exchange, 2(K), 212 ; 
 brings back Dcerfield prisoners, 
 212. 
 
 Sheldon, Hannah, taken captive, 179 ; 
 
 redeemed, 209. 
 Sherburne, Captain, killed, 72. 
 Sill, Captain Joseph, seizes Indians, 
 
 16. 
 Simsbury, Conn , killing at, 264. 
 Smith, Henry, taken prisoner, 11. 
 Snowshoe men for winter marches 
 
 167. 
 
 Sokokis, locations «)f, 3, 4. (See alto 
 
 I'EyiAWKIITN.) 
 
 Southwest llurlwr. (A'ec Mount 
 
 DK8EKT.) 
 
 Spanish River. Cape Breton, Walk- 
 er's fleet at, 380. 
 
 Spencer, John, killed, 288. 
 
 Spruce Creek, Eliot, Me., killing at 
 10«, 287. 
 
 Spurwink, Me., slaughter at, 169. . 
 Stebbins, Bononi, heroic defence of 
 
 180. ' 
 
 Stevens, Ebenezer, captured, 287. 
 Stevens, Samuel, ciiptured, 256. 
 Stoddard, John, escapes from Deer- 
 field, 178. 
 Stoddard, Rev. Solomon, his mode 
 of hunting Indians down, 166 and 
 note; account of the sack of 
 Deerfield, 18(5 (note). 
 
 Storer, Dependancc, wounded, 288. 
 
 Storer's garrison, Wells, Me., brave 
 defence of, 77. 
 
 Stoughton, William, succeeds Phips, 
 105 ; dies, 148. 
 
 Subcrcase,M de, appointed Governor 
 of Acadia, 221 {note); ccmmands 
 at Port Royal, 229 ; his successful 
 defence, 234, 237; surrenders at 
 last, 260 and note, 261 and note. 
 
 Swaine, Captain Jeremiah, marchei 
 into Maine, 36. 
 
 Tailer, Colonel William, at taking of 
 Port Royal, 259. 
 
 Tasker, William, wounded, 207 {note). 
 
 Taylor, Edward, taken prisoner, 11. 
 
 Teconnet, an Indian village, 11. 
 
 Tei. Years' War. (Hee King Will- 
 iam's War.) 
 
 Thury, Father (missionary), goes 
 against Pemaquid, 28, 33 ; sets on 
 Indians against York, 7(5 ;^ at the 
 sack of Durham, 100 ; at taking of 
 Pemaquid, 111. 
 
 Town send sent to Port Royal, 234. 
 
 Turner, Major, at ilaverhiil, 243. 
 
304 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Tuttle, EnBign, killed, 387. 
 
 Two Brothers, Me., site of Indian 
 treaty, 151. 
 
 Tyng, Jonathan, entertains Mrs. 
 Duatan, 127 {note) ; defends Lan- 
 caster, 205, 206. 
 
 Tyng, Captain Jolin, killed, 364. 
 
 Tyng, Colonel WilUam, slays Ind- 
 ians, 167 and note. 
 
 United Colonies take action on the 
 war, 38 and note. 
 
 Vaudreuil, M. de, his capacity, 145 ; 
 persuades Indians to remove to 
 Canada, 150; devastates Maine, 
 1,54 et seq. ; negotiates with Dud- 
 ley, 308-13 ; under orders not to 
 attack ITew York, 338 and note ; 
 treats Nicholson's threats with 
 contempt, 363; tries to recover 
 Acadia. 385. 
 
 Vercheres, a French officer, killed, 
 
 348. 
 Vetch, Colonel Samuel, comes to Bos- 
 ton, 171 ; goes to Canada, about ex- 
 change, 210 and note ; accused of 
 taking soundings, 815 (note) ; im- 
 plicated in trading with enemy, 
 231 ; and fined, 333 and note ; is 
 authorized to raise forces against 
 Canada, 2.50 ; at the taking of Port 
 Royal, 359; takes command there, 
 361 ; put in command of New Eng- 
 land troops, 370. 
 
 Villieu, Sieur de, stirs up the Indians 
 to war, 94 ; leads attack on Dur- 
 ham, 96. 
 
 Wainwright, Colonel Francis, serves 
 at Port Royal, 337 ; succeeds to 
 the command, 235 and note. 
 
 Wainwright, Captain Simon, slain, 
 343, 346. 
 
 Waldron, Richard, a leading citizen, 
 14 ; "obiect of Indian revenge, 15 ; 
 is tortured to death, 19. 
 
 Walker, Sir Hovenden, given com- 
 mand of fleet destined for Canada, 
 
 388 ; its strength, 370 ; is driven 
 back, 276 et seq. ; loss of life, 279 
 {note) ; flag-ship blown up, 282 ; his 
 journal, 283 {note). 
 Walley, Major John, leads troops at 
 
 Quebec, 62. 
 Walton, Colonel Shadrach, at Port 
 Royal, 2.59; his successful scoat, 
 265; marches to Ossipee Ponds, 
 366; scouts to Penobscot, 384; 
 made secure, 285. 
 Wanalancet warns of the intended 
 
 raid on Dover, 33 (note). 
 War of the Austrian Succession be- 
 gins, 141. 
 Waterbury, Coim., killing at, 364. 
 Webber, Samuel, killed, 386. 
 Wedgewood, John, captured, 364. 
 Weems, Captain James, surrenders 
 
 Pemaquid, 30. 
 Wells, John, goes to Canada about 
 
 prisoners, 309. 
 Wells, Jonathan, heads a pursuing 
 
 party, 183. 
 Wells, Me., conference at, 69; Ind- 
 ians repulsed at, 71, 73; again 
 attacked, 76 ; is desolated, 155 and 
 note; troops quartered at, 163; 
 men of killed, 189 ; more killed at, 
 366; still another descent, 386; 
 Indians attack a wedding party at, 
 288,289. 
 Wheeler, John, killed, 216. 
 Wheelwright, Esther, becomes a 
 
 Catholic, 213. 
 Wheelwright's garrison. Me., men 
 
 of slain, 189. 
 Wheelwright, Hannah, Indians break 
 
 up her wedding festivities, 388. 
 Wheelwright's Pond, N. tt, fight at, 
 
 54. 
 
 Whiting, Rev. John, slain by Ind- 
 ians, 133 and note. 
 
 Whiting, Colonel William, report of 
 losses at Deerfield, 180 {note) ; at 
 taking of Port Royal, 359. ' 
 
INDEX 
 
 305 
 
 Whittaker, Anna, her claimB, 245 
 and note. 
 
 Wilder, Lieutenant, killed, 305. 
 
 Willard, Captain, at Falmouth, Me., 
 49 (note), 287. 
 
 WilUam Henry, name of Pemaquid 
 fort, 85. 
 
 WiUiams, Eleazer, 185 and note. 
 
 Williams, Eunice, 185. 
 
 Williama, Mra. John, slain, 184. and 
 note. 
 
 Williams, Rev. John, singular pre- 
 monition of danger, 176; his ac- 
 count of the sack of Deerfield, 
 177 ; is taken prisoner, 178 ; suf- 
 ferings on the march, 184; ex- 
 changed, 185 ; some account of his 
 family, 185 and note. 
 
 Williams, Stephen, redeemed, 211. 
 Wilmington, Mass., harried, 219. 
 Winslow, Samuel, killed, 2()4. 
 
 Winter Harbor, attack on repulsed, 
 158, 159 and note; kUling at, 264. 
 
 Winthrop, Fitz-John, commands 
 land forces, 58 (note), 173 and note ; 
 puts more spirit into the war, 
 
 187. 
 
 Wiswall, Captain Noah, killed, 54. 
 
 Witchcraft delusion breaks out, 83. 
 
 Wolcot, Mrs. Joseph, kUled, 86. 
 
 Woodman's garrison, Durham, de- 
 fended, 100 and note, 101. 
 
 Wooster River, Me., fight at, 48. 
 
 Worombo, his women and children 
 become hostages, 68. 
 
 Wright, Captain Benjamin, narra- 
 tive, 259 (note). 
 Wyatt, Lieutenant, defends Black 
 
 Point, 165. 
 York, Me., laid waste, 73 et teq. ; 
 murders at, 165 ; more murders, 
 366. 
 
 30 
 
M 
 
AMERICAN HISTORY 
 
 By SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE 
 
 FIVE VOLUMES PICTURING THE 
 BEGINNINGS OF OUR COUNTRY 
 
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 ^rujn their teenfj,. ^/r.^^::^ r^.^^^^^s::^!?:^^^ 
 
 THE BORDER WARS OF NEW 
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 1660-1837 
 
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