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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmi au taux de rMuction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X / 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmad h«r« haa baan raproduead thanka to tha ganaroaity of: Library, GaologiGal Survey of Canada L'axamplajra filmi fut raproduit grica i g4n4roaiti da: Bibliothkiue, Comniiuion Gtelogique du Canada Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha boat quality poaaibia eonaidaring tha condition and lagibiiity of tha original copy and in icaa^ing with tha filming contract spacifieationa. Original copiaa in printad papar eovara ara fiimad baginning with tha front eovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara fiimad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- sion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol <-^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whiehavar appliaa. Laa imagaa suh^antaa ont 4ti raproduitaa avac ie plua grand soin. compta tanu da ia condition at da la nattat* da i'axamplaira film*, at •» eonformit* avac laa condltiona du contrat da fllmaga. Laa axomplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat imprim4a sont filmte an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par ia darniira paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illuatration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la eaa. Toua laa autraa axamplairaa originaux aont filmte an commandant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta dimpraaaion ou d'illuatration at 9n tarminant par la damlAra paga qui comporta una taila amprainta. Un daa symbolaa suivanta apparaitra sur ia dami^ra Imaga da chaqua microficha, salon ia eaa: la tymboia — »• signifia "A SUIVRE", ia symbol* ▼ signifia "FIN". Mapa. plataa, charta. ate., may ba fiimad at diffarant reduction ratloa. Thoaa too large to ba entirely included in one expoeure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framee aa required. The following diagrama illuatrata the method: Laa cartee. planchea. tableeux. etc.. pauvent dtra filmAe A dee taux do rMuction diffirents. Loraqu* la document eet trop grend pour itre mpnCitit en un saul clichA. il aat film* A partir da I'angla sup^riaur gauche, do gauche i droite. et do haut en baa. mx prenant ia nombre d'Imegee n^ceeaaire. Laa diagrammea suivanta illuatrent la m^thoda. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 9 6 iiM V.Q, O -.y y ^^^2 2m2 I Extracted from Tiik, Oi iawa N'aiukai.ist, Vol. XI, No. 9, pp. 173-176, Olt.TWa, Dcremher, 1897. vKCKNT CONCLUSIONS IN QUEBIX GEOLOGY. R. VV- El-i.s, LL. I)., F. k. S. C, Geological Survey, Ottawa. (Read before Section ("., ISriiish .Association Meetinn, Toronto, Canada, 1S97.) The paper gives a brief outline of the progre.ss of geological exploration in this portion of the Dominion, with a statement of the most recent conclusions arrived at as the result of the detailed study of the rocks in the field. It is largely a summary of the conclusions stated in the published report of the Geological Survey of Canada,* on this district. The principal problems west of the St. Lawrence were the relations of the great Anorthosite masses, lying to the north of Montreal, to the Laurentian Fundamental Gneiss and the Gren- ville Series ; and secondly, the relatiot.s of the Grenville Seriec itself to the underlying Cineiss on the one hand and to the Hastings Series of Ontario on the other. These may now be regarded as fairly well settled, at least to the satisfaction of those who have most recently worked in this field. In regard to the age of the Anorthosites the old con- tention that these were an altered series of the .sedimentary rocks, resting unconformably on the gneiss and limestone of the Grenville series, has been abandoned. It has been found that the Anorthosites and Gabbros which are associated with these, are igneous in character, and that they are newer, in point of time, than the Grenville rocks ; that they have invaded these at many points and altered them along the lines of contact. The change of view in regard to their origin dates back to about 1879-80, and their igneous intrusive character was first pointed out by Vennor nearly twenty years ago. This view was expounded by Dr. Selwyn in the report for the years mentioned.but thewholequestionhas more recently been investigated, principally by Dr. F. D. Adams, whose observations in the field and in the laboratory have finally conclusively settled the problem and shewn that the anorthosite areas are ma.sses of igneous rocks newer thar» the Grenville limestone and associated gneisses. The second grand problem as to the relations of the Gren- ville limestone and associated rusty and hornblende gneisses to the Fundamental Gneiss of the Laurentian proper, has also been conclusively settled. It is now held by all the recent ob- servers in this field that the rocks of this division are a newer Annual Report, Vol. VII, N. Series, 1894, Part J. series, resting upon the Fundamental (inciss. In this no trace of sedimentation is now apparent ; while in the Grenville series the originally clastic character is clearly recognized in several of its members. The rocks of the Grenville series have been worked out alon^ their westward development and have been found in this direction to include the series named by Vennor, the Hastings, which is apparently the same as the Grenville, under different conditions as regards alteration and local development ; the limestones of the Hastings series being frequently less altered, and associated with micaceous and other schists, along with beds of slate and true conglomerates. Hast of the St. Lawrence. The great problems as to the structure of the Quebec Series or Group which have been prominent for nearly fifty years have also been settled, at least to the satisfaction of those most familiar with all the aspects ol the question. The crystalline series of the Sutton Mountain, at one time regarded as the newest member of the Group has been separated and placed in the pre-Cambrian division, and are presumably of Huronian age, since it has been found that these rocks underlie the lowest fossiliferous Cambrian sediments. Above these crys- talline rocks there is a very considerable thickness of strata which represent the Cambrian and which have been locally assigned to the lower Sillery formation, for the sake of descrip- tion ; and these rocks contain, at many points, organic remains such as trilobites, graptolites, etc., which have a marked Cam- brian aspect. The fossiliferous beds of the upper Sillery and Levis have been carefully searched and studied, stratigraphically, and it has been conclusively shewn that the Levis is the upper member and overlies the upper Sillery; and, that in fact the Sil- lery is the downward prolongation of the Levis without manifest break, except that the fossil contents become less abundant in the upper Sillery, as in the case r f the passage of the Calciferous of the Ottawa Basin downward i;ito the Potsdam sand.stone, where there is also no marked line of .separation, except in the change oi chanictci- in the composition of the strata. There is however a marked break between the slates and sandstones of the upper Sillery and the limestones and slates of the lower Sillery; since in connection with heavy faults between the two series there are thick beds of limestone conglomerate at the base of the upper Sillery, abounding in pebbles of limestone whicVi contain numerous specimens of Olenellus Tliompsoni, and other lower Cambrian fossils. In point of time the Levis beds may be regarded as the equivalents of the Calciferous of the Ottawa Basin, while the lower portion or upper biiiery may be taken as the equivalent of the Potsdam sandstone. The rocks of Quebec City and the Citadel Hill are some- what higher in the scale than those of the Levis shore opposite. They were at first regarded as of Levis age and lower in posi- tion than the Sillery. Subsequently they were held to repre- sent the Hudson River and Utica divisions, but a careful study of the fossil contents, as well as of the stratigraphical relations as shewn in other portions of the field, where the similar rocks appear.shews this peculiardevelopmentof strata tobelong largely to the lower division of the Trenton and not far from what is de- signated the Black River division. The equivalence of the areas in the vicinity of Quebec to those seen in the Phillipsburg section has also l»een very clearly established, and the rocks of the latter are iound to range upward from the base of the Cal- ciferous to the top of the Chazy formation. Thence eastward the ascending sequence can be traced upward into the black slates and limestones of Farnham which are apparently the equivalents of those of Quebec city, l)Ut which were at one time described as a part of the Potsdam formation. The great areas of upper Silurian, once depicted on the map of the province of Quebec, have in large part been re- moved. These were supposed to occupy the greater portion of the province, east of the Sutton mountain range ; and their Silurian horizon was maintained from the presence of a number of areas of these fossiliferous rocks found at various places in this district. The detailed study of this field shewed conclusively that these Silurian areas were detached outliers, sometimes of very limited extent, in places infolded with the underlying Cambro-Silurian sediments. The age of the latter was estab- lished by the finding of characteristic fossils, such as graptolites and trilobites at a number of points. It can therefore be safely asserted that by far the greater part of the area east of the Sut- ton Mountain anticlinal is occupied by strata of Cambro Silurian and Cambrian age and that the upper Silurian and Devonian portions are very limited in extent. The question of the age of the mountain masses of diabase and syenite so conspicuously displayed in the area east of the St. Lawrence, has also been a somewhat difficult one to decide. In places the associated rocks have been .':o altered as to present the A aspcctof Prc-Cambrian schistsand for a time these mountains were supposed to l)C as old as the lowest Cambrian. Their intimate as- sociation with Silurian and Devonian sediments at a number of points, together with the fact that numerous spurs were given off from the main masses of igneous rocks which penetrated these newer sediments in the form of d kes, the fossilifcrous Silurian and Devonian in contact being frequently converted into schists and otherwise altered, shews conclusively that the age (»1 most of these mountain masses must be more recent than the sediments which they penetrate so that they arc at least post-Silurian. There arc however large areas of igneous rocks in as- sociation with the pre-Caml)rian strata of the Sutton Mountain axis which are of Pre-Cambrian age, since they are overlaid by the slates of the lowest Cambrian. These have also been altered and arc now often seen in the form of chloritic and other schists. The age of the Granite masses which are conspicuous features in the eastern portion of Quebec, is probably not very different from that of the diabase hills just referred to. These cut rocks of all ages from the pre-Cambrian t'» the Silurian. The strata in their vicinity are all greatly altered, the slates being changed into chiastolite and staurolite schists, while the Cambro-Silurian limestones have been rendered schistose and are filled with small scales of mica, often with a large development of quartz veins. The serpentine areas in which the asbestus of the Eastern Townships is frequently found apparently l)elong to the dia- base and olivine group. They are often found in association with the Cambrian slates but they also occur in connection with the Cambro-Silurian and Silurian strata. They are apparently altered portions of the diabase and olivine masses. ThQ same remarks c ; p'y to most of the igneous rocks of the Gaspe peninsula. These h here a central zone of pre-Cambrian rocks, overlaid on the north by Cambrian slates and limestones, and on the south l)y Silurian and Devonian strata of the great Siluro-Devonian basin. Through these newer rocks great mountain masses of diabase and kindred rocks protrude ; similar to those found in the areas east of the St. Lawrence, and these are evidently newer than the fossilifcrous sediments which they penetrate, since, at several points, pieces of the fossilifcrous lime- stones are caught and held in the igneous mass.