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The Public Meeting convened by His Worship the Mayor, pursuant to a requisition signed by a numerous and highly respectable body of our most influential Citizens, was held xi the Masonic Hall on Thursday the 1 5th of May. At half-past two the Hon. Joseph Howe entered the room, and was greeted with enthusiastic cheers. His Worship having assumed the Chair, Messrs .T, L. Shannon and A. B. Almon, Esqrs., were appointed Secretaries. The Mayor then rose and said. Fellow Citizens : Under the requisition which I hold in my hand, signed by upwards of 300 persons of all classes and creeds — all conditions and all political opinions — this meeting has been convened for the purpose of discussing this topic so engrossing and important ; one which peculiarly interests every man living in this City or Coantry. I need express no opinion touching the course we should pur- sue ; this I may say, however, whichever be adopted you have my heartiest and warmest wishes for success. (Cheers.) I scarcely need express the belief which I entertain that the harmonious unanimity of feeling which characterised the open- ing of this meeting will continue whilst we are together. If, however, there be opposition, or clashing of opinion — let the views of all be freely expressed, and fairly heard and answer- ed. In conclusion I have to announce that this meeting is now open for the discussion of the subject which has called us together ; and may again renew my wish that success may crown our efforts. ( Cheers. ) The Hon Joseph Howe rose and said. Mr. Mayor and Gen- tlemen — This meeting has been called to ascertain whether the citizens of Halifax, after six months' deliberation and reflection, are as unanimous as they were in August last — whether they are still disposed to entrust to their Government the task of con- structing Inter-Colonial Railways — and whether they are pre- pared to accept the terms which have been offered to the Pro- vince in Mr. Hawes' letter of the 10th March. The position 4 which the nngotiations have assumed, renders it necessary that etlbrts should be inad ; to overconK; dillicullics that have arisen beyond onr own frontier. The Government contemplate send- inf^ a (lei)iitation to Canada, to conl'er with delej^ates Irom the neighboring Provinces, in the confident ho])o that those diiTi- cultios njay be overcome, and that that nnity of action and mutual harmony may bo secured, by which alone the great works contemplated can be rendered not only practicable, but easy of acomplishmcnt, withm a reasonable time. To appoint mnn however, to perform this service — to send them horn amongst us to negociate with the govcrmrients of Canada and New Brunswick, iu ignorance of the state of public feeling at home — before they know whether the ground behind them is firm and stable — would be unwise, [)reinature and useless. They could not with confidence asik New lirvms wickers or Canadians to give their sanction to any line of policy, before they know whether or not Nova Scotians were determined to sustain it. I am ha])py in the belief, that the unanimity which presages success — the ma.ily Ibrbearancc and generous rivalry which ensure the perfection of large and comprehensive mea- sures, upon sound principles, do exist among us ; do pervade the comrnunitv, actuating and animating the large and highly respectable body of our fellow citizens here assembled. So far as I have been enabled to gather the general sentiment suice my return — from frequent comnujnicatiojis with leading men, representing great interests, and the opinions of large sections of our peoj)le — 1 believe that tlie resolutions which have been prepared for submission, will meet tlie unannnous support of this assemblage. The Imperial Government — with a magnanimity %vhich does honor tc the British people, sustained by that unanimity of sen- timent among the great leaders of public opinion at home, which promises a long continuance of the lionorable relations existing between them and us — has offered to the three British North American Provinces, seven millions of pounds sterling, at the lowest interest which money can be obtained in the world. This money is offered for the purpose of enabling them to complete, in an incredibly short space of time, and with security and case, great internal improvements which their ad- vanced condition renders so desirable — which will bind them together into one prosperous community — animate them with new hopes and aspirations ; and ultimately elevate them from for SI city 5 the colonial coiidition to lliat of a i^reat and prosperous nation, in perpctnal lunity and iViciidaliii) with tlioyo i^lorioiis Islands to which \vc traces onr ori^xin, and to which, liirouuh this t^frrat boon, so uuich ol' our uiatoiial [uoi^pciity will, in all lime to come, he traced. — ((Jliccrs.) Halifax lias hcen formed by nature, and selected by tlie dictates of sound policy, as a connuitn terminus for these great inter-colonial railways. 'I'hroe hundred and thirty ruiles will connect us with Portland ; with all ti:o lines mIiicIi interlace the American Republic, and buid together ibo ])rosp(nous com- munities ol the South and West. Six hundred and seventy miles more, opeiiinc!; up the central lands and settlements of New Hrunswi('iv, wdl not only connect us. as we originally con- templated, with i.iuebec and the St. I.awrence, but passing- through ISO miles of settlements on that nobb; ri\er, will place us ill communication with that populous city ol Montreal, which will soon be iii eonneetiou with Portland on the other side,— the circle Ixnng thus complete, and chains of intercom- munication established, easily accessible, by shorter lines, to all (he rising towns and seltlemenis which that wide circuit will embiace. lint ndien Montrerd is rea(dicd, shall we stop th(;re ? AVho believe it ? Who can think so liulnly of the enterprise of West- ern (Janada, -..s to ;x[)]iL'clieiid thai s!h; will not continue this iron road, link by iinlc. till it skirts tb.e ;;Iiores oi Ontario and Erie, and draws its trdjutary streams ol trailie. fri-m tlu.^ proiifir. rei!;ions of Simcoe, Suf)erior and Huron? Ahanidy numicipalilies an; organizing and companies are forniuig to extend tins railway for six limHired miles above Montreal. (Jnce completed to that city; how will those interior lines advancer How many in- terests will combine for their extension r The IJritish govern- ment .and jieople will take a natiii:!! |)r!d(! in the continuation of Miis great national work. The success of tiie lower lines will be promoted and (insured by extension. British cajiitalists and contractors, lured into this bouiuiless field, will seek fur- ther employment for their capital and labor. — and millions of industrious peo])ie will dow into provinces where employment is certain and land is cheap. This is the prospect btdore us, sir, and the duties it im])oses we must learn to discharge w'ith energy — the destiny it discloses wc may contemjilate with pride. England forsees, yet f ars it not. She relies upon our resources and upon our integrity to repay iicr money. She be- lievos ill tlio existence of the old feelings here, which are to stren^^theii with oiii siiengtli, and hind us to her l>y links of love, wjien pecuniary ohligations h.ive heen cancelled, fehe virtual- ly says to us, hy this ollbr — there are seven millions of sove- reigns at half the prioe that your neighhors j)ay in the markets of the world ; construct yoar railways — |)eo|)le your waste lands — organize and ini])rove the houiidless territory ])eneath your feet — learn to rely upon and lo defend yourselves, and God si-eed you in the formation of national character and national institutions. — [ (Jheers,) liut, sir^ daring as may appear the scope of this conception, high as the destiny may soom which it discloses for our ciiild- ren— and boundless the fields of honorable labour which it pesents — another, grander in prof»ortions, opens beyond ; one whidi the imagiiuuion of u Poet could not exaggerate, but which the Statesman may grasp and realize, even in our own day. Sir, to bind these disjointed J'rovinces together by Iron Roads- — to give them the hon)ogeneous character, fixedness of purpose, and elevation of sentiment, v/hich they so much re- (]uire. ii, our Hrst duty. IJiu, after all, lliey occupy but a limited portion ol that boundless heritage whicli tjo'' and Nature have given to us ami to our children. i\ova Scotia and New J3runs- wick are but the frontage ol a territory whicli includes 4,000,- 000 of s({uare miles, stretching away behind and beyond them, to the Frozen liigions on tlie one side and to the Paciiicon the other, Of this groat section of the globe, all the Northern Provincoo, including Prince ICdward Island and Newfoundland, occupy but -h^'<),Oi)0 scjuare miles. The Hudson's Bay territo- ry includes •^•30,000. Throwin.^" aside the more bleak and inhospitable regions, we liave a magnificent Country between Canada and llie Paciiic, out o( which itve or six noble Pro- vinces may be lorined, larger than any we have, and presenting to the hand of industry and to the eye of speculation, every variety ol soil, climate and resource. With such a territory as this to overrun, organize and improve, think you that we shall stop even at the western bounds of Canada; or even at the shores of the Pacific': \ ancouver's island witli its vast Coal measures,lies beyond. The beautiful Islands of the Pacific and the growing commerce of the ocean, are beyond. Populous China and the rich East, are beyond, and the sails of our children's children, will rellectas fainilaiily the sunbeams of the South, as they now brave the angry tempests of the North. The Maritime Pro- vinces which I now address, arc but the Atlantic frontage of this boundless and prolific region — the wharves upon which its business will be try.nsacted, and beside which its rich argosies are to lie. Nova Scotia is one of these, A\'ill you then, put your hands unitedly — with order, iiitellif^encc and energy, to this great work ? Refuse and you are recreants to every prin- ciple which lies at the base of your country's ])rosj)crity and advancement ? refuse, and the Deity's hand -writing upon land and sea, is to you unintelligible langungc ; — rclusc, and Nova Scotia, instead of occupying the foreground as slic does, should have been thrown buck, at least behind the rocky mountains. fiod has planted your Country in the front of this boundless. region — see that you comprehend its desfuiy and resources — sec that you discharge with energy'and elevation ofsoul, the duties which devolve npun you in virtue of your,'position. Hitherto, my Countrymen, you have dealt with this subject in a becoming spirit, and whatever otliers may think or apprehend, I know that you will persevere in that spirit until oin* objects are at- tained. (Hear, and cheers.) 1 am neither a Prophet, nor a son of a Prophet, yet I will venture to predict that in five years wc shall make the journey hence to Cluebec and Montreal, and homo through Portland and St. John by Rail ; and 1 ])elievc tiiat many in this room will live to hear the uhistle of the Steam Engine in the passes of the Rocky IMountains, and to make the joinney from Tfalifax to the Pacific in five or six days. With such objects in view, with the means before us to open up 1000 miles^of this noble territory — to increase its resources, and lay bare its trea- sures,surely all petty jealousies and personahivalricsslionld stand rebuked ; all minor questions of mere Jocal interest should give way. The smoke of past contests has perhaps at times clog- ged my own mind : like an old cliininey, the soot of contro- versy may have adhered to it, after the cooking of conslitniions was over. But the lire of this noble enterprise has bm-nt it out, I come back after si.v montiis absence, prepared to co- operate wiih any man who will honestly aid me to Avork out the prosperity of our common country, — and I aui glad to dis- cover that a reciprocal and cordial feehng is manifested by those whose o])inions diller, on other subjects, from my own. It is frequently said, sir, that a Governmt.'nt should not touch these public works. Jiut the Roads of a country — tiio (.Queen's Highways, surely come within the purview of the Executive. In this case it is clear, that, unless done by the Government, 8 these grorit Ra'lu'.iyscnnnnt bo Joiio at nil. liVcii if Companies could iiiuice tliciii, llicy xvoiild cost r'uiiitccii iiiillioiis instead of ScVL'ii. J'lit, sir, wiiat is a (iovcniiiiciit lor, il it is not to tako tile lead in nohlc eiitcrpnsos — to stimulate industry — to elevato and guide tjic [Uiblic mind; Yon may set eight or nine men on red cushions or gildod chairs, with nothiii'j; to do hut pocket their salaries, and call I hat a ( JovcM-nuient. To such a paj^^oant I have no desire to holong. Those who aspire to {.'uvcrn others should n'MthcT he afraid of the saddle by day nor of the lanij) by nmhl. In advance of tlie general intelligence they siionld lead the way to improvement and prosperity. 1 would rather assuiiio the stall' of Moses, ;rnd struti'j;le with the perils of the nil!: rness, and the waywardness of the multitude, than be a trolden calf elevated in iior^eou:, inactivity — the object of a U'Mship Avhicli debased, i Loud and prolonged cheering.) IJnt how came this work to be assumed by the (lovcu'nment ? 'I'iie citi/erjs of Halifax, by acclamation, handed it over to us at the fireac meeting held iii 'rempeiance Hall, after the return (d' liie Delegaltjs from l*ortland. The Cajjiudists of the Pro- vince were there, and confessed tliat the enterprise was beyond tiien grasp. 'I'he jieojile were there, and the Jeeling was nuiversal that this work was to be done by the CTOvernrnent if done at all. At that meeting many an old antipathy was buried, and tiio Gevernmciit assumed and has carried on the project in the spirit with whicii it was tendered. That meet- ing was held in August. Sir John Harvey's Despatch, asking for the Imperial (iuarantee. bears date the :i'.lth of that month. 'J'he refusal whicli led to the Delegation reached Halii'ax in Octolicr. On the 1st IN'ovember the deU'gato letl for bhigland. The lirst interviev/ granted to me was on the IHth ; 1 could not decide np.on :u\\ course till that was over. In a w^cek after, ihc: lirsL lelter to i'^arl Grey was wiitten ; it went in on the i.'uii. bo far, veu w ill perceive, that ironi August to the end of Noveniber. not a moment was \o>l. The meeting at iSontiiamjJi.on w:ts \w\d en the i '.ih of .January — tlu.^ second letter to lliuMiiey is if, led (he hUh. Six weeks elapsed between the dates oi the iwo letters. i[t)\v were these passed ? In reading a carliuad of Hooks and b'amphlets, and rarlianient- ury llecdrd.- .nid lieports, that 1 miglit gadier f'aels. and ascer- tain what others had written and said, on the subjects I wisiied to treat : — m diving by day and night into the mysteries of that industrial and social life which it might become my duty to ▼ mimnK 1 Others ) liiiiij) bliould ratlicr of the 'S 9 ilhistrute. TTo'A'evor iinpationt some of you have been, no Nova Scotiaa wild luid not bci'ii Miigluiid for ton years could have wisely apin.aled to it.-; iiilelli^enee without this preparation. The best proof that the time was not wasted is to be found in tlio fact, tliat no liostik; criticism met mv eve before I left Knir- land ; nor was a siui^le statentent altempted to bo gainsayed. From the Kith of January to the 1 Itli of February, the ■whole siilijc'ct was inider the consideration of the Cabinet with l.ord Grey's confident assurance of a favorable result. Hut delays were unavoidable. The Nation was boiling with ex- citement upoii other questions, and the Ministers were much engrossed. Even after the generous debi.te m the House of Lords, some delay was inevitable, and it was not until the -iOth of February that I had Lord (irey\s Draft of thu proposi'.ion embodied ni Mr. llawcs' letter. With that upon my table, lionorahly crowning; my mission, you may imagine what I endured durin^^ the .Ministerial crisis which lasted a fortnight, and during all which time no oliicial character could be given to the Dialt. Mr. llawes's letter came on the '20th i\iarcli, and my friend.-; in Fngland cougratidated me on the termina- tion ot mv labours. |}iit 1 knew better. The local interests, and apprehensions, the personal rivalries and jealousies, of three Provinces over the sea, rose before me, and 1 thought a month woidd be well spent in preparing to deal with these, ii.-1'oro I show you what I did, let me say a word or two to those, if any there are, who liold the opinion that the offer of tlie Hritish (jiovernmciil is not as lilicral and magnificent as it has been described, because no direct contribution has been given, in the fir^t place, as a Nova Scotiau, whose forefathers have gone through diiiieulties and jtrivations which the present generation are not calhid upon to endure — who has shared in the inherilaiioe of a country already valued at Fifteen millions — owing uotliiiig abroad, and but a nominal debt to its own [jcople, whicii a \ear's revenue would pay off: I am too proud to accept as a gilt a single sovereign from my bretheren in the nritish Llands. With all the surplus wealth of England, the taxation to meet tlie interest of weighty oliligations, and an iinjjerial ex|)endilure, is onerous. What right have I to take a shilling out ot the pocket of a Manchester weaver, or of a poor Orange Woman in the Strand, to jnake our Railroads? 'i'he credit of the Imperial Government I would freely use, without a blush of shall e, or a sense of dishonorable obligation, but 10 trust me, there is not -^ high spirited Nova Scolian who would take a shilUna; of its n!on(3y. Hiit suppose money had heen given. Suppose Earl 'Jroy had said to me, there Mr. Howe, are a niiHion of Sovereigns, go and get t!ie otlier six millions where yon can : 'i'lK; si.\ v.onid have cost us just £150 000 a year more than the whole will cost now. Suppose Mis Lordship had given mc two, or even three millions, and the most exacting spirit over thehorder would hardly require more, — 1 must have paid £:MO,00O a year for the tour millions at G per cent, while the T.liole seven will now cost but £215,000. Is it not clear, then, tlat d' I had accepted even two millions in solid gold, instead of the terms oliered in Mr. Ilawes' letter, I should have been an iuiot ? Is it not equally clear that the interposition of Imperial credit, while it leaves our pride untouched, and the resources of Great Hritain undiminished, actually saves us nearly Three Millions of Poimcls Sterling: in the construction of our public work's? Could I have stood here to-day, with brow erect, if over-taxed Englishmen's money mms in my hand : Would you have taken it if i had ? Xo you would not. The service olTered is incalculable. The sense of obligation should be as deep as it will be lasting. We incur this debt without dishonor, as we will discharge it in all integrity and good faith. (Loud Ciieers.) Those who undervalue this magnificient boon, offered to us by the iiritish Governujent, should relkct that seven millions of money, drawn from our own resources, or borrowed on our own credit in the general market oi the worl'J, would cost us just £137,000 a year more tf.an if we take the sum upon the terms which it has been my good forttme tosecine. ( Loud cheering.) But, \h\ Maycir. I thought it was just possible that there might be some obstructions presented, in some ([uarter, and I thought it might be as Vv'cU to pi.t \ova-Scotia in a position to act nidepcndently of those obstructions. 1 am happy to say that she is now nrejK.red at all points. I hold in my hand two lett(?rs, one from the liOndon and Westminster Hardc, the other from the Commercial Haidc c^i' London. --The first is })er- iia[)S the strongest moiiied institution in Groat IJrilain, next to the Hank of l']ni;land — the position and resources ol the other are well known. — Eitiier will open an account with TVova-Sco- tia alone, with or withnut guaiantees ; will i'"iu3r our drafts, sell oiu' debentiu'cs. and protect itur credit ; we draw to-mor- row for 'do or £:U),0<>0. lleie is a letter from anotlicr Ca))ita- ' mg of lies Mc asso tow the w e 11 mm stood list, who will do all this, and place £100,000 at oiii- dispo.vd. 'The interest is hiijli it is true, but the arrangement may be use- ful, should Nova-Scotia be compelled to fall back on her own resources. Even with these, you will perceive, we are tolerably well armed; but here are three letters from English contractors, either of whom could and would make one of our lines, and some of whom offer to make the whole line to the St. Law- rence. [Mr. Howe here read one of these letters, signed by two gentlemen, whose notes would float, he said, through any Bank in London for a Million of Pounds, and who were asso- ciated with others ecjually \vealtliy and cnterprizing'. They claimed to have made, eitlier jointly or severally, one-third of all the Railroads in the United Kingdom ; were prepared to lodge £30,000 in the Provincial ^Prcasury as security l^or their good failli, and make cither line through a single Provnice, or all the lines required, in any time that might be stipulated for, and ui)on any terms that might be fixed by Imperial and Colonial Engineers. Anotlier of these contractors, said Mr. Howe, will make the forty miles from Truro to Pictou, or .'50 or nO from the trunk line to Windsor or Cin'nwallls, in less time, and with less chalfering, than would be required by some of our great politicians and capitalists to build a barn. Mr. Howe also referred to a |)ro|)osition from an Associated I3ody of tlie work- mg men of England, who were prepared lo purchase 50 n)i!es of laiid along the line, and transfer tJKMr .kill, capital and fami- lies to the Provinces, if fair and honorable terms were given. — He could, lie said, if authorized, have formed a dozen of such associations, and made arrangements to settle townsliip alter township, as the work advanced, through INew IJrunswick to the St. Lawrence, j The position that we occupy, then, Mr. Mayor, is one of security and varied resource. We can unite with the other Provinces for the couivtruction ol Intcr-Oolonial Railways, or we can '' do what \v" like with our own." We can make for Ijritish America 1000 ni'les oi Railway at 'J.i per cent, if these Provinces are alive to Uieir own intertists. We can make tlie whole line to Portland. indej)endently of the other, if New Brunswick JoHow our example, and pledge her public funds for the money. Or, we can make our own Roads to l^ictou on one side, and Bridgetown on the other, without reference to what may b" done beyond the frontier. If others choose to 12 waste time with bubble lj()lllpanle^ and expijiisivc c.xperiiiioiits — if this noble ofTer is rejected — we have enough to do till our neiulibors purchase wisdom at 6 per eeiu. In the ni(\in\v'hile we shall begin at tlie cpital, and extend our own liiieij east and west. We can corniricuce to-morrow il we choose, and can make 100 miles with more ease and celerity I ban any private company could make 10 — (Cneers. ) It has been said by some that the dcioijation was promatm'o. Yet iti what position would we stand now but for tbe delega- tion ? We are armed at all points. We are ])rc pared to m^'ke all the roads projected throui,di tlio three Provinces, and save tliem £175,000 a year in interest ; we are prepared with cori- tractors to make the whole line to Portland at ."( por cent, — and we are prepared to make our own roads, iiid(^ pendent of oiu' neighbours. While we have been doing all this, .Maine and ISew Brunswick have been passing Facility jJiils. to try and get '21o miles of Railway made with about as many thousand pounds. They have not yet made a mile, or stuck a pickaxe — and yet we are told that our delegation was ])ro!;iature ! But it has as often been said, thfit we have broken faith with the people of Portland. I should like to know in what man- ner. 'I'he gentlemen at Portland invited us to discuss with tliem the propriety of making a Railroad. 'I'hc delegad^s who attended represented local meefinss or comniitlees only, and nobody who sent them dreamed that the (jovernm'jiit or liC- gislature was to be bound by auytliing they said or did. Tlic nuieting was preliminary, for the purpose of compariM.g views and eliciting in/ormation. Had we siiptio,>(Ml tliat Maine was to dictate to us. how we were to maivo our poriion of the Jtai!- road — or that we were to be bound to \>ny some undiscovered capitalists £GO,OUO a year, when we could get our v/oilc dene for £'^5,000, we certainly should have Ikm n no I'.artirs to the Convention. IJiit in wl.at essential have we brok^ni laith r vVi; )tJer t o our nem lib ours the means to make the v,'l!o!o line. AV have pledgt>d our [Uiblic resource to make our part of it. Have they ottered us a jK)und, or raised one-tillh of what ihey want tl lemselves ->N! y, can either or both show us auylie obli gation to leiul them or us one-tenth ol what v/e uunljy retpiner They asked us to co-operate with thorn to (,!)t:iin a iJailmad, !ind we have broken faith by providing lor our own rer( tin IS nsl th| gel iu| aij orl S'f 3' r j iiciits our while t and can nvatc atnro. elcca- save I CUli- , — and of ouv le and md gel )usand kaxe — th with It nuin- with lies who ilv, iv.id 01- liC- 1. The |T vioH's ino was :\\e Hai!- SCMVrl'cul Ilk done >s to the ill : vVe me. AVo it. Have lev want y's obli- ',' iTi|nii('.' iJaihoad, iLMjuire- ;ory own 5 denion- 13 stiiilion made by all ranks and ch'isbcs at (^iiubuc, bhows that onr efForts have not been nna))|")recialfd in that quarter — and that the offer of the Uritisli (iovernaient iiaj; been hailed with the patriotic feeling it is so well calcniatcd to evoke. l>nt, sir, all winter long, a gentleman from one of onr northern counties has been pressing uj)on the Legislature a bill, asking lo be incorporated, tliat he might build tin? Portland Hail way. Now, 1 happen to know something of that person, and oi the resources of the county he is trying to mislead ; and sine Iain, that, if you had incorporated him three times over, he would not raise, between tl)is time and next Christmas, as much money as would niak'e a single mile of Railroad. — (Great Jiauglitcr. ) But let the County of Cumberland seriously letlect on v/liat this gentlemen and his friends are about : for iust so sure as the folly of these people tempt New Brunswick to rel}' upon co-ope- ration which they have not the power to give, so surely will years elapse before Cumberland sees a Railroad approach her borders, either on onesideor the other. The pfmple of Cum- berland however, sliall not be so deceived ; I will not wait till Mr. Dickey crosses tlie seas, but will take an early opjK)rtuniiy lo discuss with him the merits of his scheme, and then let the people of Cumberland decide between us. — (l^oud cheering.; But, sir, it has been urged, that by accepting the proi)Osal of l^arl Grey, we pledge ourselves to make Railroads in Sow Brunswick, and to bear the burden ol' the whole scheine. A word of explanation u[)on this jioint lii giving my adhesion to this plan, 1 conceive I did nothing more than pledge Nova- Scoiia to refiay the j)rincipal v.d interest necessary to construct the Railroad across her own territory — I assumed that me other Provinces v/oidd do the same. If, however, it shall apjjc^^'r that New Brunswick is unable to bear i;erov.-n hiirlhen, 1 am (juite ])re pared to consider whether Canada and Nova-Scotia shall lend their aid :- -to what amount and in what proportions. t>iit this is a new (juestion, to l)e discussed and decided iiereaftcr, upon iis own merits. New Brunswick, in my op'inion, will re;i[) the the largest amount ot' benelit from the expcmditure. She will get tv.o most im{)orlant lines at 3^, percent — the other i»rovinces }»nt one. She has I ! ,(lUtJ OOO acres ol' crov.Mi lands to settle and to raise in value. Uer poj)ulation may he (ioubled in two or three years almost without an elh^rt, and I am very san- guine, that when the true bearing of this proposal upon her great interests comes to be understood, her people will accept u •I vvilliotit any apprehensioii for the result. These Iwo lines will touch nearly all lier more populons counties, and breathe new life into tlicni all, — these two lines will open u|) millions of acres of wilderness lands, and prepare locations for half a million of [)eoplc, — who will settle township after towiisliip as the works advance. But, it has been said that our own revenues will be swamped, and that our own country will be burthened by this specula- tion. Now, taking the worst view that can be taken of tliis enterprise, — let us suppose, that oin* 130 miles arc made, and do not, for a few years, yield a pound beyond their workin,tj; expenses. In that case, we should liave Xo.!),00() currency to raise. In 1819, our revenue was £15,000 less tlian in Ir^oO ; yet there was enough to pay all our ordinary expenses, and £30 or £ 10,000 to spare for Roads, Bridijes and Schools. This year the Receiver General assines me our Revenue will increase from £5 to X7000 over that of ]8,";0. Here then are £:!2,000 over and a1)ovc the Revenue of 1849, before the Railroads have commenced. The diti'erencc of £13,000 may be met, for a few years, by an issue of Province Paper, if our Revenue should not jncroasc from emigration or increased expenditure. But, sir, the population of Nova-Scotia is oOO.OOO, and doubles every -20 years. Home of our young men, it is true, go abroad from restlessness and a desire to see the world. A few, to better their (ortunes, it may be ; more, to be convinced, by sad expe- rience, that half the labor, energy and sldil, fruitlessly expended in foreign states, would have made them richer and happier in their own country. But, sir, the cradles of Nova-Scotia add I.'). 000, year by year, to our population. 1 never see a bride going to church with orange blossoms in her bonnet, or a younjj; couple strolling to Kissing Bridge of a summer ev(;ning, but I involuntarily exclaim, liciivcm bless them — theic go the mate- rials to make the Hailroads. — (Loud cheers and Laughter. ~i — So long then as bive is made in Nova-Scotia, and love makes children, we shall 50 or 60,000 added to our j)ii|iiiiation every live or six years, who will add at least £!d0 or £80,000 to our annual income. The speculation is, then, jieri(!ctly safe for us, even if an emigrant should not touch our shores. Let me now, however, turn your attention to a s!U)ject whicli has been loo long neglected m these North American Pro- vinces, — I mean the subject of Lmigration and Colonization. VV'e are too apt to turn to the United States for comparisons spc lio^ yq lai Avel nuj ol ni( Yd lines iCiiUie illioiis half a hip as luped, )ccula- of this and orkiii^ iicy to 1.^50 ; nd c£30 lis year se froiii i)U over s have ir a few )ii!d not }nt, sir, s every id from better d expc- xpendcd (ijVier in ttia add a bride a young; g, but [ le niate- ^hter.'i — :; makes )n eve IV II to our safe for let which ;an Pro- nization. ipurisoiib 15 unfavorable to our own prosperity and advancenn:^nt. One cf the principal causes of this prosperity we rarely pause to con- sider. Yet, I believe, that since the recognition of American independence, the British Islands alone have thrown oil' at least r», 000, 1)00 of people, to swell the numbers in the R,epublic. Every convulsion in continental Murope, adds its quota of capital, skilled labour, and energy, to those States, Germany has sent millions — France, Switzerland, Italy, lesser — but still valuable, contributions. Add to the emigrants whc have come, the progeny that has sprung from their loins, and one half the whole population of the United States may be taken to repre- sent its imuiigration. Should we, then, with institutions as free as those of our neighbors — with a territory of boundless extent — with natural resources which defy calculation — with a noble country in our rear, capable of sustaining millions of people, permit this stream of populaiion and wealth to flow past us, as the gulf stream Hows, without a thouifht as to its utility, its volmne, or its direction ? Of late our attention lias only bee; turned to Emigration, by {he occasional arrival of a floating pest house, and by the sufferings of poor wretches, flung by the accidents of life upon our shores. Hut the titne approaches rapidly when all this will be cbang(;d, — when stt;amships of large size will transjiort the surplus labour of the British Islands to these Provinces, to go in upon these I^adway lines, and fill up the fertile lands of the interior. SimultaneonsI/ with the commencement of these Railroads, tiie stream will set this way, and it will never cease to flow till it enlivens the shores of the Pacific. Make these Kailroads, and our own cnteri)rising townsman, who has already bridged the Atlantic, will start the Ocean Omnibus, or, if he does not, lie will soon have competitors upon the line. It has b(i;n, of late, too much the fashion in IN'ova-Scotia to speak slightingly of Emigratiim. How lew [)ause to rcllect liow much even of our own prosperity we owe to it ; — and yet, a small band of Ihiglish adventurers, under Cornwallis, laid the foundation of Ifalifax. 'J'hese, at a critical moment, were rcinlorced by the l,oyalist Emigration, which flowed into our Western Counties, and laid broail and deep the louudation of their ])rosperity. A few hardy emigrants from the old Colo- nies, and their descendants, built up the maritime county of Yarmouth. — Two men. of that stock, first discovered the value 16 o[' Lock's Island, the commercial centre of East Shelluirne. A few hundreds of sturdy Germans peopled the beautiful county of r.iiuieiiburijj. A handful of emigrants from Yorkshire Lrave imimation to the County of Cumberland. "^rhe vale of Colchester has beeii nindc to l)lossom as the rose by the industry of a (cw adviuiturers from the North of Ireland, Half a cen- tury ago a few poor but pious lowland Scotchmen, jienctrated into Pictou, Tl:ey were followed by a tew hundreds of High- landers, many of them " evicted'' from the Dutchess of Suther- huid's Eslatos, Look at I'ictou now, with its beautiful river slopes and fertile montain settlements — its one hundred schools ; its numerous churches and decent congregations ; its produc- tive mines, and 30.001) inhabitants, living in comfort and abund- ance. Th.o picture rises like magic before the eye, and yet every clieerfu; tint and feature has been supplied by emigra- tion. At the last election it was said that 276 Frascrs voted in that county — all of liiem heads of families and proprietors of land : — 1 doubt it as many of the same i.ame can be found in all Scoiind, who own real estate. I remember the County of Sydney well, when the descend- ants ot the old loyalists and disbanded soldiers were scattered upon its sea coast and river intervales, " few and far between." IjOi'k at it now, and see what emigration, chance directed, has done for it, even in a lew years. Turn to the three counties of .C;i|)e nicion, into which emigiants have heen thrown, without forethought on l!ie jiart of the Imj)erial or rrovmcial Tlovern- ment' -v.ithout ;iny cari; or prej)aration. Wiiat would those Counties be without tlu! broad acres these men have cleared, 'viihoiit then" stock', tiieir shipping and their industry? And what v\()iild our Roveinio be without their aiimial consumption: A^'hat lesson should we gather, then, Irom tlie history of the riiiied States and from our ownr The value ol I'lmigralion and Coloni/ati.'ti. I Jut. an idea prevails, that Xova-Scotia has no space to s|)ar(j — no lauds to peoj)l(^ — that, l'o\vever important emigration may be to New-13ruiisuick and to Canada, we have no room tor the surplus population of Europe — no lands to give tluMu should tli(,'y come, This is also a mistake. (Here Mr. Howe exhibited a colored Maji, from wliich it appeared that there were l.OOO.OUO of acres of (Jro\,n Lands yet ungranted m Aova-Seotia proper, exclusive ot those in three Counties of Cajie-Brcton. Liesides these, he argued, there were the vacant lands oi large proprietors, whde it was notorious that all the old V€ of Iburiie. oautifnl r>rk shire vale ol ndiistry a ccii- nctratcd )f High- S lithe r- ful river schools ; noduc- 1 abiind- and yet emigra- voted ill ■letors of fouiul ia descend- scattered )Ct\voeti." :!Cted, has oLinlies of 1, without I (Jovern- uld tliose c cleared, •y ? And >uiiiptioii ? ry of tl'.e Itnigratiou ■^cotia has important , we iiave lids to give I Here Mr. uared that iiiigratitctl oiiiities of the vacant all the old i 17 farms would feed, by high cultivation, tAvice the population they contained.] There is room, then, for a very large body of emi- grants in Nova-Scotia. Is Iheie no room in this city, which must ultimately expand into ten times its present size ? I regret that it is too mnch the habit to dejjreciale our ov.n country, instead of studying its resonrces, and anticipating its future progress. In an especial manner has this habit prevailed among the idle youth of Halifax. I have known hundreds, whose industrious fathers had toiled upon land and soa, to bring them up in luxury, and who have spent their own lives upon the side walks, or in senseless dissipation, all the time abusing the country they have been too idle to cultivate or improve. Dozens of these have died in imbecility and sloth — many more have wondered oiF to some " fool's paradise" or other, and those who have been too proud to work in their own noble country, have toiled like slaves and died in foreign lands. LiOok round Halifax and ask who own the wharves and stores — the valuable corners, building lots and mansions, that these idlers, and unbelievers in Nova-Scotia's resources, have let slip out of their hands. Englishmen, Irishmen and Scotchmen. P'any ol whom came into Halifax without a shilling, but who have added to its wealth by their industry, and who are living all around us in abundance, and many of them in the enjoyment of am- ple fortunes. Even Halifax, then, Mr. Chairman, has tested the Talue of emigration, and as she has thrown olf her idlers and grumblers, has been recruited by an itiHux of the entcrpriz- ing and industrious. What lessons should past exjieritiuce, in town and country, teach us tlicn ? The value of t-migration. Let me state here, that the government ))r()pose lor the future, to combine the business of Emigration and (Colonization with the duties of the land ofiice, or commit to a distinct vet active Branch of Administration. Thus we shall have a Colonial Olli- cer in communication with the Board of L^and and Emigration at home, and through that Board with the Board of Toor Law Guardians, and with the constituted authorities of every city and parish in England. We propose to make the Deputy Sur- veyors in each County, active agents of this dcj)artment — lay off the Crown Lands, and prepare pictures of their districts. We shall then have persons whose business it will be to instruct and advise every poor man who touches our shores — to |)repare annual lists of the number and description of mechanics, far- mers, servants or apprentices, reiiuired in different localities — 3 18 to bind the latter when tliey como, and protcnt tlicm in case of need. By the aid of this simple, and not very expensive ma- chinery, I shall he much mistaken if we tlo not add many thou- sands to our population, and a very handsome sum to our Reveinie. In ev(^ry part of North America, there is no remark more proverbial than that the farmer with a large fainjly gets rich, while he -who has no children is generally poor. Why is this ? Because the labour of younij; people, from 12 or J 4 to 21, is the least expensive and most profitable hdior thata farmer can have. A boy or a girl on a farm soon h?arns to do light ^vorIc as well as a man or woman — from IS to 21 they can do men and women's Avork, but do not cost men and women's wages. It is the same upon the shores, where our fishermen and coasters have to rely upon the strength of their own families, and rarely can get an apprentice. And yet there are, in' the Asylums of England and Ireland, at this moment, 185,000 children, 8,000 of them, on average, fit to be bound out. Any number of these, fine hearty boys and girls, may he had for tlie askii.g. They will be sent h^re free of expense, if ^\^e make preparations to receive them. Now, I propose to collect return? in the autumn, of the number of apprentices wanted in the spring, so that any industrious man may send for a boy or a girl as he would for a plough or a net. To our country this deseription of emigration is admirably well adapted, for these young peoj)lo, in a few years, Avould be jieads of families themselves, re(iniring from others the labor they had supplied. Tliese provinces, , I believe, could, under judicious arrangements, take the whole 8,000 that the Mother Country is prepared to throw oil — which she now has to fling into her strf?nts ; and if t!icy did, while our numbers were increased every day, the Mother Country would have 8,000 paupers, prostitutes, and thieves the less, and 8,000 honest and industrious people more would annually contribute to Colonial Revenue and to the consnni]>tion of British manu- factures. Let us have the IJailroads, then, and in addition to the natural absorj^tion of labor by t!ie settlements already formed, we may surjierinduce, n])on the construction, an enlarged and healthy system of Colonization. Difliculties have, it is true, started up in New BrunsTi'ick, but let me say that I def)reeate all attrnipts to scold the people of that Province for what they have done or left undone. Rash, I think they were, — but I quite appreciate the delicacy and difficulty of the position which the public men ol New-Bruns- 01 Gj OIK to COI to lai] aei w on m( at wl dol i9 ISC of G ma- thon- lo ovir mark ly gets ^hv is to 21, icr call work as (11 and It is oasters d rarely ums of 1, 8,000 )( these, They tions to autumn, hat any lid for a migration n a few iug from I believe, -.le 8,000 hich she vhile our Lry would nil 8,000 contribute sh manu- Jdition to s already n enlarged sTV'ick, but people of le. Hash, icacy and few-Bruns- I wick occupied, called uj)Oii, at the close of a session, to deal suddenly with this f,Meal (piestion. All that they felt I had foreseen before I left, England, and, so far as I had authority or leisure, had provided f<»r. I do not believe that tlie Legislature of Ncw-Urunswick will permanently obstruct this mighty en- terprise ; and of this I am (|uite sure, that the people of that Province will not siK^tain tluin if they do. Let us look at the fhiancial aspect of this (|uestion, shuttmg out of view for the moment all hopes of increased population and revenue. Sup- pose Nova-iScotia and New-Hrunswick, by a company, were to construct the Portland IJailroad, 330 miles, with money at 6 per cent. The annual interest would be £138,600, even if the stock sold at par. No Colonial Railway Company's bonds or stock would bring in England within 20 or 2.5 per cent, of the amount which the debentures of (he government would bring, even without the guarantee. Take the higher rate, and there is a dead loss of ~0 sovereigns in the 100, or £200 in every XIOOO, and £20,000 in every million. We want about two millions and a half to build the Portland Railroad. Add to this the half million sunk, at starting, and the annual interest, which the two Provinces must pay, for the Portland line alone, will be £180,000, for 330 miles road, to say nothing of the ruin- ous expenses entailed by uncertainty and delay. Now, liOrd Grey will enable us to make 570 nnles through these two Pro- vinces, paying for interest but £139,050 or £40,350 a year less than Mr. Dickey and his Portland friends want us to pay for one. But, besides, New-Brunswick oflers £20,060 for 20 years to the Gluebec line. Now, add to this, her share of the inter- est on the Portland line at the dear rate of £119,000, and her money contribution is £1:39,000, about as much as both Pro- vinces would have to pay, by my scheme, for both roads, or £31,000 more than 1 ask to ])ay for opening up her entire country. But wliat more has New-Bruiir^wick pledged herself to give? A million and a half of acres of land upon the Port- land line — three millions on the line to Q,uebec — 4,500,000 acres. This land, at the low upset price of 2s. 6d. an acre, is worth £562 500 : at 5s. £ 1.125,000. So, then, the interest on the value of the land, i:75,000 a year, being added to the money already granted, and to the cost of what is to be raised at a ruinous rate, we have the round sum of £214,000 a year, while I offer to make her both roads — open her entire country — doable and treble her population, for £108,535 a year, leaving 20 her to riiako llio most of lier 4,500,000 acres of land as they nso 111 vahic These are the facts, sir, upon wliich I rely, to convince the public men of New-Mrmiswick ; at all events. I am very coiifjdcMt that they will he easily understood by the people. IJiit \vu are yoincliines told that Halifax is going to ruin the Province, nnd that the distant counties have no interest in this scheme. Sir. it becomes Jlalilax to take the lead in this, as she has hitherto done in noble onteri)rises and battles for ]>rinciple, of which all parts of the Province have reaped the advantage. T.hc dostinv of Halifax is secure. Providence has made her the naiural emporium of cast and west — has formed her noble harbour and capacious b;isin to receive the i)rodncts of a vast interior. VVIieii the l^lectric Telegraph was introduced, it began at Hiilifax because here alone was there business to sustain it. It |')aid, and now it is being extended to various sections of the Province by private enterprise. Suppose it had gone first to White Head, where nobody lived, and where there was nothing lor it to do ? The speculation would have failed, and no more lines would have been built. So it will be with the Railroads. We want them, not merely for strangers to pass over our comi- try, (and if we put them on such lines, they would not pay, for local and not through traflic sustains a Railroad) but for our own trade and our own people. Build one to White Head to- morrow, aiul of what use would it be to the people of Pictou and Sydney, where much misconception y>revails on this sub- ject ? A century iriust elapse ixdore White Head would grow to the size of Halifax — and, in the meantime, tlic cattle, and sheep, ami pork, and buUor and oatn eal, would come to Hali- fax, where the consumers are, and the cars would go to White Head where they are not. For every Pictou and Sydney man that iroes to I'lurope, five hundred come to Halifax. What would bo the cous<,'i[uencr' ? Halifax would make her branch Imo, which would be profitable. — the other would be ruinous, there being little or nothing for it to do at VVMiito Head, from the time a steamer arrived or went away. But, suppose a line made to Halifax, with money at a low rate of interest ; in a lew /ears it would pay: perhaps at once, as the '^Pe'legraph did — uiid then, how soon would branches extend to Pictou and Antigonish on the one side, and to Bridgetown or Annapolis on the other .-^ FTow long would one of my English friends be making us 10 or 50 miles east or v/cst ? Then, suppose the 21 they ly, to Ills. I jy the in tlie in this as she inciple, antage. do hei- noble a vast t began stain it. s of the first to nothing no more aihoads. ir coun- pay, for for our lead to- f I'ictou his sub- ild grow ttle, and to Hali- lo White nev man :. 'What >r branch rnmons, ad, from ose a line est ; VIcg icloii and lapolis on liends he )pose the Ml a raph I'i', country behind us, opened and fili(?(i up by two or throe mil- lions of people. Would they cut no fish ? Yes, sir, wc should have a home market for our Fislitrinon, where they would not be interfered with by Ilounties, or have to pay 20 per cent. Suppose Halifax and St. John become depots for the productions of the west ; will the shipping of Yarmouth and Richmond — of Shelburne. Uuoen's, Lunenburg and Guysborough, have nothing to do ? Ilelieve me, sir, that the eastern and western seaports would rise, as Halifax rose, and where they have one vessel at sea now, they would then have ten. The whole Province, and not Halifax alone, has deep pecu- niary interests in the construction of these Railroads. But, alter six months oi thou<;htful rcfiection on this matter, I have brought my mind to the belief that there are higher interests involved even than our own. I believe this to be God's work, and 1 believe that He will prosper it. I believe that a wise and beneficent Providence never intended that millions ol square miles of fertile territory, behind and around us, should lie waste and unoccupied, while millions of our fellow creatures rot in Alms Houses and Poor Houses over the sea. or perish for lack of food. I regard these Railroads, after all, but as Mieans for the accomplishment of elevated and beneficent ends. I believe that, while the Mother Country aids us in the great work of internal improvement and national organization, we can aid her by removing the plague spots, poverty and crime, from her bosom ; we can offer her a freehold for every surplus laborer she has ; avc can take thousands who are btirtlicnsome, and make them help to support those who now support them ; we can cut olT tlie sources of crime, by providing for the Or- phanage of England ; we can clear the streets of the destitute, and rob the gallows of Hs prey. — (Loud cheers.) During my recent visit to the IJritish Is'ands, I surveyed wilh pride and exultation their accimiulatod wealth — their high cultivation — their noble cities — their unsuspected courts — their active com- merce — their science, art, refiueuieut and civilization — but, I saw with sorrow and regret, much poverty and wretched ness, which, f believe, may be largely abated, if they caiuiot be en- tirely removed. Aid me in this good work, and the capital of FiUgland will flow into North America, providing healthy em- ployment for her surplus po[)ulation ; aid me in this good work, and the poor rates of I3ritain may be beaten down from 8,000,000 to £3,000,000; aid me in this good work, and the t^* Mieits may In; cI(,'uiih1, and llic Alms I Idusos closed up ; aid me Ml this L;<) pay me the poor compliment of sup- posing that I could ah- don the field of honorable exertion which lies before me. To ihat he knew, as y«:ju know, my energies must be devote J, till these great works are completed, until these experiments tf phii thropy and moral obligation are fairly tried. To la! r with . and for you, that we may work out the prosperity and liapj)iness of our common coun'ry, is lor me sufficient distu)ctioii,--and let me say, in conclusion, though my eye has res'oci, li tiring my absencs, upon many no- ble objects and many beautiful scenes, for them ^11 I v/^ould not exchange the warm hearts that are bcatii:g around n»e here. — (Loud and prolonged cheering.) Mr. Howe then moved the following Res'ilution: Resolved, That the Citizens of Halifax have read, with un- mingled satisfaction, the Letter addressed, on the iOth March, to the Honorable Joseph Howe, by Benjamin Hawes, Esquire, acting under the directions of Earl Grey, and by which Funds to the extent of Seven Millions of Pounds, to be expended in the construction of Inter-Colonial Railways through the North Ame- rican Provinces, arc rendered to the Governrnenfs of Canada, Nova-Scotia, and New-Brunswick, on t "^ns which secure the completion of those works at a little more than one half of what they would cost without (he direct interposition of Im- perial credit. ■■f-':' L5l.gWI»M- 'lli»"jyiilinr»iTii .iigjamriTi rr^— ■ ,:■- .^7^*^.4. .■..-.:..-.^.--.m^^...^-, .-:,■.., .L-f, nment ant for led I7 of the lolhiiig luse, or e posed, 1 w,as e honor zt it. — jcretary jersonal ily have mode, of siip- Bxertion ow, my npleteti, )hgation ive may country, iclusion, lany no- oiild not here.- — .vith un- I March, Esquire, Funds to ed in the rth Ame- Canada, icure the 3 half of n of Im- -*• 24 that 1 had gone to seek, not the Railroad, but the Government of Prince Edward Island. That Government was vacant for months after I reached England, but it was never named by me, nor was that or any other personal favor ever asked of the Colonial Secretary. Sir, from first to last, I felt that nothing w^uld so lower and degrade ray country, so injure her cause, or evince greater unworthiness of the confidence she had reposed, than for me to solicit any personal favor. I felt that 1 was charged with your interests — cot my own- that 1 had the honor of my country in my hands, and was bound to protect it.— (Cheers.) This I may say perhaps, that the noble Secretary for the Colonies would not have withheld from me any personal favor that I could have fairly asked — that he would galdly have improved my fortunes, if I could have suggested the mode. But his Lordship did not pay me the poor compliment of sup- posing, that I could abandon the field of honorable exertion which lies before me. To that he knew, as ygu know, my energies must be devoted, till these great works are completed, until these experiments of philanthropy and moral obligation are fairly tried. To labor with you and for you, that we may work out the prosperity and happiness of our common country, is tor me sufficient distinction, — and let me say, in conclusion, though my eye has rested, during ray absence, upon many no- ble object&and many beautiful scenes, for them 9.II I would not exchange the warm hearts that are beatirig around me here.— (Loud and prolonged cheering.) . . t • •> . : :>/ i ji'i'it'K- '\ ] Mr. Howe then moved the following Resolution : ' ' Resolved, Tliat the Citizens of Halifax have read, with un- mingled satisfaction, the Letter addressed, on the 10th March, to the Honorable Joseph Howe, by Benjamin Hawes, Esquire, acting under the directions of Earl Grey, and by which Funds to the extent of Seven Millions of Pounds, to be expended in the constructiou of Inter-Colonial Railways through the North Ame- rican Provinces, are rendered to the Governments of Canada, Nov. Scotia, and New-Brunswick, on terms whicb secure the completion of those works at a little more than one half of what they would cost without the direct interposition of Im- perial credit.