^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 1.1 US m m Sf l£° 12.0 »22 M 11111.— >B nillsE^BB HlRalHi ^ 6" > Photogra^n ScMices CorpQratfcf c MAM STRUT WfBSriR,N.V. I4»M (7U)I73-4SM CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical iVIicroreproductions / Inttitut Canadian da microraproductions historiquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographicatly uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha rapt oductlon,. or which may significantly changa tha uaual method of filming, are checked below. I I Coloured covers/ D D D Couverture de coule^fr Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^ at/ou peiliculte Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured mapa/ Cartea gAographiquas an couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encra de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations an couleur D Bound with other material/ Relii avac d'autres documanta Tight binding may cauae shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liura serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intArieure Blank iaavaa added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have bean omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainaa pagea blanchae ajouttoa lore d'une reatauration apparaiaaent dans le texte, maia, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pea At# nimitem. Additional comments:/ Commantairee supplAmantairas: L'lnstl'^ut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaira qu'il lul a 4tA possible de se procurer. Les details da cat exemplaira qui sont paut-Atre uniquaa du point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthoda normala de filmage sont indlqute cl-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pagea endommagtea Pages restored and/oi Pages reataurAea at/ou pellicultes Pages discoloured, stained or foxet Pages dteolortes, tachettes ou piques I — I Pages damaged/ I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ rri Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ □ Pages detached/ Pages diit obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, urta palure, etc., ont M fiimAea A nouveau de fapon jk obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item la filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document cat filmA au taux da riduction indiquA ci-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X V 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed h«re hos b««n r«produc«d thanks to tho gonorosity of: Library of tlie Public Archives of Canada L'axamplaira film* f ut rsproduit grice A la g4n*rosit* do: La bibliothAque des Archives publiques du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the c9nditlon and legibility of the original copy and in Iceeping with the filming contract specifications. Las images suivantes ont MA reprodultes svec ie plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettetA de I'exemplaire film*, et en conformity evec ies conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover knd ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the bacli cover when appropriate. All oth^r original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplalres originaux dont la couverture en papier est ImprimAe sent f limAs en commengant par Ie premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impression ou d'illustration, soit par Ie second plat, salon Ie cas. Tous les autres exemplalres originaux sont f iimto en cornmenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame en each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meening "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur ia dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, seion Ie ces: Ie symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE". ie symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included In one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmte A des taux de reduction diff Arents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reprodult en un ssul cllchA, 11 est film* A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'Images nteessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lliustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 9. A 2J DESCRIPTION , O F T H E - 1 ^ . ' Coast, Tides, and Currents, IN . « B UTTO N's BAT, 1 KvAm^h& WELCOME: ■ BEING The North- Weft Coaft of Hudfon's Bay, from Churchill River, in 58" ^6' North La- titude, to U^ager River or Strait, in 65" 24^ taken from Scrog\ Crow's, Napier\ and Smith's Journals, made in the Years 172a, ^737* '740, 1742, 1743, and 1744. ALSO, From the Difcoveries made in 1742, in the Voyage in the Furnace Bomb, and Difcovery Pinky commanded by Captain Middleton and Captain Moor ; (hewing from thefe Journals, a Probability, that there is a Paflage from thence to the Weftern Ocean of America, ' DUBLIN: ^ *-r W X# *-. ^ iT . Printed in the Year M,DCC,XU^, i;. ^' ,r-\ • -^ -p^-i. . , Ji.' ' f ■ . I k:. f ' ■<• • •-■ i '* S' ' , v-/ :dA,i <-r. I % :n4 T T ■x *. / , ■>* E (3) h '•" .V DES CR I PTION I <>vr O F T H E Coast, Tides, and Currents ia BUTTON'S BAT, and in the IVELCOME; < being the North-Weft Coaft of Hudfon'i- Bay^ from Churchill River in 58° 56' North Latitude, to Wager River or Strait in 6f 24/ taken from Scrog*Sy Cro^*^^ J^a* per* Si and Smith's Journals, made in the Years 1722. ly^y^ 1740, 1742* 1743, and 1744. Alfo, from the Difcoveries made in 1742, in the Voyage in the Furnace Bomb^ and Difcovery Pink, commanded by Captain . Middleton and Captain Moor ; ftiewing from thefe Journals a Probability, that there is a Paffage from thence to the Wcftern Ocean of America, ESKIMAUX Point, on the Weft Side of the Entrance of Cburcbill River, by Captain Smith's Journals, is in Latitude 59« 94' Weft Longitude from London $ but by Captain Middlcton's ObfervatioDi is in 95* A 2 Weft w ( 4 ; Weft Longitude from London. There, a W. N. W. Moon makes High-Water, which is at 7*^ 30' at Change and Full Moon. The Main Land to Northward is a Low Land -, to Weft- ward of this River, is a large Bay which runs in- to the Souihward, fevert'l Miles wide and deep, the Variation here is about 2O0 Weft or one Point and I Weft : There is a fmall River in 59« 26/, called by the Natives, Porothinkifco Ri- ver, from thence to 60% the Co? ft continues ftraight and low, lying N. by E. true Courfe. Here the River of Seals enters the Sea, being the moft northerly River known upon that Coaft ; it comes fome hundred Leagues from theSouth-weftward, according to Monfieur Jer- fnie*s Account, when the French were poffeffed of Fort Bourbon now Tork Fort, on Nelfon or Haye*s River, according to the Account given to him by the Indians, . . I i ' I By this River many of the Northern Indians bring their Furs and Peltry to Churchill Fadory in fmall Canoes. r i ■ . Near this River, in about 60 •, is a Ridge or Reef of Stone, which runs into the Sea three Leagues ; bare at Low- Water, which is dange- rous, and muft be carefully avoided. The Coaft North of this River is barren, and without Wood ; Scrogs fent his Indians alhore therea- bouts, to look for a fine Copper Mine, which the Indians go frequently to, in order to get Copper for Ornaments to their Wives, v^hich they fometimes brought to the Fadlory, and laid it was upon the Sea-fliore Northwcft of Ckurch" .-, tv ■ ( 5 ) hilli but they found no Signs of it near that La- titude. Here are many Seals, and many Sea- Horfes or Morfes, wliilll the Ice continues, which the Indians kill for their ivory and Oyl. The Coaft from the River of Seals to Cape EJkimaiix in 61" 16' is mortly low, with feme round Hills near the Coaft i which continues to lye from North by Eaft, to South by Weft. Cape EJkimatix^ is about o** 48' Longitude Eaft oi Churchill '. This Coaft fo far, is known to be Part of the Continent of America, To the Southv^'ard of this Cape, Captain Smithy in July 1744, found a fine Bay or Inlet, which he called Knap*s Bay \ it was Landlocked all around, except two Points of the Compafs, with Land and Shoals dry at half Tide ; the Cape bore from the Bay Eaft half South, the Eaftcrmoft Point he called Sutter^s Point, He fail'd into this Bay the 8th of 7«/y, 1744, in his Sloop, three Leagues ; he had never lefs in the Mid- channel than ten Fathom Water, and had four Fathom near the dry Beach on each Side •, it continued two Miles wide as far as he went, and the fame depth, having gone feveral Leagues higher in his Boat, and found the Courfe con- tinue W. S. W. as far as he could fee from the Boat. The Water was clear and fait, having no Symptom of its being a Frefh-water River ; here he caught feveral Salmon ; he found no Current or Tide fetting in, or out, altho* it flow'd ten Feet each Tide : Here a Weft Moon made High Water, that is fix o*Clock at Full and Change 5 the Variation here is two Points and i Weft, or about 25% A3 Cape I T k- i yJi' ( 6 ) - ■ • r ' Cape EJkimaux had been accounted Part of the Main Land, but when he went into this Bay or Inlet, he found it was made up oi feve-» ral iQand.'', he feeing two or three Channels running to Northward, which difcontinued it from the Weft Land. From his Ohfervation of the Tide's rifing . ten Feet, and yet no Tide fetting in or out otv the Bay or Inlet, it miift have a Paflage fom^ other Way, to raife fo high a Tide, which muft conllquently come thro* thefe Channels to Northward, or fome other from the Weftward, behind Cape EJkimaux ; which is a Proof of its being a broken Coaft to Northward, and no Part of the Continent. This is further con- firmed by the Tide's ftill flowing later, thefur^ ther it goes Southerly into Hudfon's Bay ; for at IVhale-Cove in 62" 30', a W. S. W. Moon makes High Water at 4'' 30', at Full and Change 5 at Cape EfiimauXy in 61° 26', a Weft Moon, at fix o' Clock ; at Churchill in 59° a W, N. W. Moon at 7'' 30' ; and at Port Nel- fan in 57° a North Weft Moon at nine o'Clock; The Current of Flood fets alfo Southwardly a* long all that Coaft, there being only a fmali Current of Ebb, that fets Eafterly 4 a Mile from the Shore. All other Obfervations-alfo confirms its being a broken Coaft to North- ward, there being no High Lands feen to W^» •ward, nothing but Bays or Inlets, and low Iflands, nor are there any Trees or Shrubs fccn a- long the Coaft, or any Sign of a Frefh Water River. To the Northward of this, as far as }Fager Sirditi great Nuwb^cs of true black i / ■■' Whales V .. -y (1) Whales are annually feen, and aaught by the Ejkimaux Indians, tho' none are fcen in Hudfon\ Bay^ or Strait : The Company fending every Year a Sloop to fVhak'Cove to trade with the Indians for Whale. Finn, and Oyl : The Efii* maux Indians alfo fifhing, and frequenting this Coafl: from Cape EJkimaux every Summer, con- firms its being all Iflands ; for they never dare land on the Main, for fear of their conftant Enemies the Northern Indians ; wLo by their conftant Ufe of Fire-Arms, conftantly defeac them, if they meet them on the Main j but for want of Boats can't follow them to the lilands. (1 ';' ■■*. The Coaft from Cape EJkimaux to 620, runs Northerly, with fome rifing Hills near the Coaft; at four or five Miles Diftance from the Coaft is a fmall Ide call'd Centry-Jfle, lying in 61°. 36' — \ North Eaft of it in 6i» 58' is another fmall Ifle call'd Knight* s- Hand i* 6' Long. Eaft from Churchill \ North Weft from that Ifle, at three or four Miles Diftance, is Sir Bihy* s-Ifland, about three Leagues long frqm North to South, and a League broad 5 here the EJkimaux Iridians have frequently a Quantity pf Whale Finn, Oil, and Ivory. Five Leagues Eaft of this is a fmall Ifland, call'd. Merry* s-IJle, and a League North. Eaft of it Jones'ljle, a fmall Ifland > and fitre Leagues N. E. of it. Sea HorJe-lfle\ in 62** lO'; Lit. and 2° ^o' Long. Eaft fr^m Churchill,^ ...^' 4. f » Among thefe Iflands there is no true JndgrpenC to be made of the fettir-gof the Tide, by Rea- fon of the Eddy Tides, only in general, that the Tide of Flood fets to Southward alon^ the , 1-: A 4 Coaft: ■K ( 8 ) Coafl: ; Here Captain Smilb found a Current which fct him twenty Miles to Southward of his Reckoning. Among thcfe Iflands Scrogs faw fcveral Whales, and Captain Smiih faw four Whales to Northward of them, and one to Southward ; the fnppos'd main Land North of Cape-EJkimaux is at lead five liCagucs Weft of Sir hiby*^ IQand; Captain Smith in failing ten Miles Weft of this Idand, had fevcntcen Canoes came on Board him with Oil, and returned to an Ifland they lived in four Miles Weft oi the Place he anchoi'd in; this he called //c/)^-!^^^, from the Expectation he had that a good Trade might be found thro* it to the Weftward •, for North Weft of it he faw no Land, but expected an Inlet there. Whale-Cove fo called, as given out, from a Whale's having carried one of the Companies Sloops to Sea, by its Tail's getting foul of the Anchor and Cable *, to which Place every Year fmce, the Company fends a Sloop to trade with the EJkitnaux for Whale Finn, and Oil, is an Ifland fituated in 62'* 26'. i** 21' Long. Eaftfrom Churchill, 37 Miles N. N. E. | Eaft from Knight* s- Ifland ; the Cove or Harbour is on the W. S. W. Side of the Ifland, and lies in E. N. E. there is a fmall Ifland Weft of the Cove, the beft Entrance is on the South Side of it ; the Cave is three hundred Yards long, and two hundred wide, five or fix Fathom clean Ground ; the Ifle is barren and rocky, with Mofs and fome Grafs ; on the Eaft Side of the Ifland is a kfler Ifland, with a narrow but deep Chan- nel, betwixt them, about two hundred Yards wide. ^ I < ( 9 ) wide, thro* which the Tide flows from the Northward ; on thefe Iflands arc many Rain Deer, four or five Miles S. W. o{ Whale Cove ^ is a fmall Ifland call'd Miftake-Jfle, and North of that two Leagues another, call'd Elkimaux- iy?^ ', the Variation here is 33*. or three Points Weft. Weft o\ thefe, is a large [Bay or Open- ing, from the Rocks above fVbale-Cove, Captain Smith could fee nothing to Wcftward, but Imall low Iflands, and broken Land : He had thirty- feven Canoes on Board him at one Time with Finn, and Oil, they generally return'dtorheWeft ward or South-Weftward, and fome to North- Wcftward •, they have generally but one Pcrfon in a Boat, which are made like a Greenland Boat, with a Hole in the Middle, in which they put their Legs and lower Part of their Body, and tic the Skin which covers the Boat, round their Middle, fo that no Water can en- ter if they fhould overfet, and the Boat being fhap*d like a Shuttle, they will Paddle as faft as a Pinnace with fix Oars. When they carry their Families from Iflaiid to Idand, they lafh many of thefe together in a Float, and paddle on the Outfide of each Float. 1 1 Captain Smith fail'd fome Miles to Weftward of fVhale-CoTie^ but faw no Land to North- Weft- ward : The Indians by Signs let him know, that if he would go with them to Weftward, he would get a much better Trade, and would have him fend his Boat with them •, but he durft not truft his Boat from his Sloop, and would not venture his Sloop among unknown Iflands con- trary to his Inftrudlions, from the Company, who permited him to go no farther t\id^ii Whale - Cove^ f 10 ) ' Cove, nor to (lay there above a Fortnight ; and therefore allow'd him no more Provifions than for his limited Time ; and upon his Return, "wheR he applied for Liberty to Trade furtl\er Weflward, by which he would Improve their Trade, iiiAead of encouraging him, they afk'd him if he wanted to make Difcoveries, and look'd coldly on him for defiring it. The Indians, when they left him at Whale^ Cove, told him they would go to bring more Trade, and would ftay away three Nights, but they did not return in that Time, and he could wait no longer for them. '^ ; '>t • / ■ " #■,-•, ) To the Northward of PFhale-Cove Ifland, is another Ir.rge Bay or Opening, call'd by Scrogs Piftol-Bay^ this Bay is South Weft of Marble- I/land, where Captain Middleton watered his Ships upon their Return from JVager-Straity from whence he procced«d for England, it is fituatcd in 63* N. Lat. o» 20' Eaft o{ Churchill by Captain Middlelon*s Journal. Pijiol-Bay is in 620 40' and about lo 40' Long. Eift from Churchil, which is about feventeen Leagues Weft- ward of Marble Ifland 5 fo that this Bay was cer- tainly the Opening obferved by Lieutenant Ran- her, from the High Lands in Marble Afland^ which he defir'd Captain Middleton wouM lee him go, to difcover it, which the Captain re- fufed, and immediately fet fail for England on the fifteenth of Auguft. Crow and Napier fent one of their Boats to Northward mto PiftoUBay \n 1737, when they were in fVhakCovs^ to look out for a Harbour *'-''»/ in ( II ); in Ofe they fail'd that Way ; when they had got to ten Miles Diftance from the Weft Point of Pifiol-Bay, W. N. W. which Variation aU lowed is Weft by South from it, they came to an liland which was low and Sandy, with fome Grafs upon it, and four Miles farther Weft, -ta another liland fmall and rocky, but found no Harbour, which they were dire<5led to look for; nor did they mention any other Land, or Ice, to obftruft their going farther, tho* they pre- tended they were kept in W bale Cove by the Ice, ' - ■ >•* »*iv/.. , T ill ,|| il • ivt^'/'^"-' Scrogs endeavouring to make this Bay upon his Return from IVhale-bone Point in 1722, af- ter ftopping at Marble IJland^ had Sounding* from fitty to feventy Fathoms, in 62° '^\' N. Lat. and 2° 35' Eaft Long, from Churchill and then law a Cape he call'd Cape Fair-way, four Leagues North Weft of him. It was thro* this Bay or Inlet, that Vaughan and Barlow expedted to find the Paflage in tne Albany in 1 720, when they oblig'd the Company,tho' very unvvrllingly^ to allow them to attempt it, but as one, or both their Ships were loft, or furpriz'd by the Indians hereabouts, either in going out, or upon their Re- turn, in wintering ; for no Perfon on Board having ever fince been heard of, it can't be known whether one, or both, were loft, or whether before or after making any Difcovcry \ but Scrogs having feen fome broken Mafts, and floating Rigging hereabouts in 1722, when he was fent to know what was become of them 5 and afttr his Return from the JVelcome to Marbk-Ifiandy having feen there feveral Yards fplit into Tent-Pale^, and Tenrs covered with - ..- . Sails, u 1 ( f 12 ) Sails, and a Copper Pot, and the Indians having there fo much Iron that they would Trade with them for no Iron, but Sword- Blades, it feems evident that one Ship was loft, or furpriz'd by the Natives ; and is alfo a ftrong Prefumption that they expelled to find the Paflage by this Inlet. '■' '■ ' \ -' ':;* ■ ■ >■ - ' -^^ Thefe Iflands near WhaU'Cow^ are what Cap- tain Fox upon his Voyage called Brigg's Mathe- maticks, a Number of low Iflands which he faw in failing Southerly, from Brook Cobham or Marble IJland, where he fays he found the Tide had left him, and began to follow him down the Bay, here he was fatisfied he loft the Paflage, but was obliged to follow his Inftrudlions, which was to fearch down all the Weft Side of the ijay* ,.-..': ,-;,;:' ^'.iJ:>.,t-c:. .-i.. ■■ -;!»--^ * ■ ■ . . \: '^ ' .^ , ■ There is but an imperfeft Account given of the Coaft, from Pijiol Bay to Marble IJland. Scroggs only faw one Headland North Weft of him, which he called Cape Fair Way ; fo that it appears to be broken Land or Openings and Iflands betwixt that Bay and the Ifland, which is about feven Leagues long, from Eaft to Weft, on the South Side there is a fine Cove, a fmall Ifland lying before it, which breaks off all Winds from its Entrance ; it is three Fathom deep at the Entrance, and fifteen to twenty Fathom •within, being land-lockM from all Winds 5 the Tide of Flood came here from the Weft ward, and a Weft Moon made high Water. Scroggs called a Hill upon this Ifland Pits Mounts and the Eaft Point fVhalebone Bluff, There are many Deer upon this Ifland, it is about three Leagues from (13) from the broken Land to the Weftward, or Opening which Rankin faw. Hereabouts Scroggs faw many black "Whales and traded with the /»- dians for green Bone juft taken, it lies exadtly in 63°. — North of this is a Headland in G^'', io\ near which Captain Middleton^ in his Return from Wager Strait^ and Repulfe Bay^ upon ftand- ing in clofe to the Head land, faw feveral large black Whales 5 and Captain Fox much about the fame Place, faw many black Whales, forty fleeping together, as his Boat rowed afliore. North Eaft of this in 63°. 35/, and 5'4» Eaft Long, from Churchill Scroggs made Land, and found the Current fet feveral Ways among the Iflands, North of Pijiol-Bay ; he calls it the Main, but fays, from the Number of little crag- gy Iflands a Mile from the Shore, he could not get near enough to difcover the Coaft. Here he found fome fmall Ihattered Ice on the 8th of July 5 he next Day fell in with the South Eaft Side of the Welcome^ in 64". 10,, faw fourteen fmall Ifles on that Coaft he called Keljy's Defires, and high firm Land behind them ; this is the Main Land North of Gary's Swan's-Neft. Af- ter four Days beating, he fell in with Whale- bone-Point in 64°. ^&. — 9°. 6'. Eaft of Churchill\ there he faw many black Whales, and feveral Iflands North Weft of him, and a Headland made up of Iflands South-weft of him, which he C2X-' led Cape FullertoHy in about 64^ 10'; but to Weftward faw no Land ; here it flowed upon his Lead Line when at Anchor five Fathoms j he ftaid there three Days from the 9th to the 1 2th, fent Mr. Nor ion afhore in his Boat, who from the High Lands faw an open Sea to South- ward r II. r (H ) ward of the Weft % he failed on the 12th, and on the 14th, the Tide of Flood forced him clofe to the Eaft Shore ; which is a Proof that the Tide flowed there from che Wcftward, , This Weft Coaft from Marhle-IJland to Whalebone Pointy was never looked into by Cap- tain Middle ton in his Voyage from Churchill \ . when he got near Cape Fullerton in about 64°. He fell in with fhattered Ice, near the Coaft, and drove to Eaftward, until he got in with the Eaft Coaft, feeing no Land on the Weft Coaft, until he came near Cape Dobbs in 65**. 10'. Which Cape was to North Eaft oi Whalebone point ; and feeing an Opening North Weft of it, he failed into it, only with a View of fhel- tering his Ships, until the Ice was dilTolved ; intending again to fail North Eaftward y not once deflgning to look into any Place for a PalTage to tlie Weftward 5 when he got into this Strait, which he faid was a frelh Water River, though from fix or (even Miles wide at Entrance, and fourteen Fathoms Depth, in which was a great deal of Ice, forced in by the Eafterly Winds, he found it increafe after he had gone twelve or fourteen Leagues into it. North Weft ward, to tenor twelve Leagues wide, and at leaft feventy Fathoms deep \ having no Ground with a Line of fixty-eight Fathom, where it was entirely free from Ice, and Salt Water, and many black Whales were feen aC that Height within it, and yet none feen below or without the Strait, the Water continuing Salt even thirty Leagues up the Strait ; and a large open Channel at leaft five or fix Leagues wide, as far as could be feen to South-weftward from ( 15 ) _ from a very high Mountain, for near twenty . Leagues W. S. W. with broken Lands on each Side, with a Tide of Flood coming from the Weftward, yet this he would impofe upon the Publick for a Frefli- Water River, and what was fcen from the Mountain was only Frelh- . Water Lakes, with Waterfalls or Catarads falling from it, into the River where the Ships lay ; becaufe a Ripling was feen betwixt an IQand and a low Point through which the Tide had a rapid Courfe, yet all beyond thefe Iflands, where the Channel was five or fix Leagues wide, was upon a Level, and united with the Strait m which the Ships lay, yet upon this Difcovery's being made, and reported to him under the Hands of the Lieutenant and Matter, he, with- out confulting his Officers, failed out of his Ri- ver, and went away North Eafterly to look for the Paffage, until he was embayed in Repulfe Bay in 66°, 40'. and then went afhore, and gave out that he faw a Strait, clofe frozen over from Side to Side, five or fix Leagi^es wide, and eighteen Leagues long, running South>Eail in- to Hudfon*s Strait 5 yet this he was obliged to make his Paffage for the Whales, and Tide to flow through, which raifed all the Tides on the Weft Side of the Bay ; he having allowed that no Whales came in through Hudfon*5 S trait y or were feen in other Parts of the Bay, all that were fcen being only amongft the Inlets, and Ifiands, on the North- Weft Side, from 62 •. jv*ar Cape EJkimauie to 6^0 40'. in Wagir Strait, When he returned from his pretended frozen Straiti which was only a fmaU Channel three : ' Leagues ill M m m ( i6 J Leagues wide, furrounding the Ifland he was upon ; he kept at a Diftance from the Bays or Inlets South of fFager Strait^ fcarcely feeing the Tops of the Mountains at a great Diftance, for he only flood in at the Headlands of Cape Fuller ton in 64'. lo*, and near Brook Cohham in 630. 20', where he faw the Whales, not be- ing able to diftinguifh whether the Bays between them were Inlets and Iflands, or Part of the Main; and then anchored at Marble Ifland in 63°. .Where he watered his Ships, and proceeded for England the 15th of Augufty never once trying riw; Tides in. his going out, or Return, except inborreftty when at Anchor in Savage^ Cove^ in fKager Strait y and very flightly when he was aflibre at his frozen Sixait ; having been only forty- five Days upon his Difcovery, of which Time he was about twenty-eight Days at Anchor in IVager Strait^ and Marble Ifland i only feventeen being employed in the Difcove- ry. His whole Courfe and Difcovery being to ^ - North- Eaft ; except when he was forced into I H^ager Strait, However, he could not well avoid knowing the Tide, for three Weeks and upwards he was at Anchor in PTagerStrait^ andfound, that 'both at the Entrance, and as high up as Deer- Soundf twelve or fourteen Leagues within the Strait, that a Weft Moon made high Water, and that it flowed there fourteen or fixteen Feet; though thofe who were on board faid it ^^ taken very incorrectly, for they had Reafon to believe it flowed much more at Beer-Sound^ by their Obfervations afhore. He took it by let- ting up a Pole fifteen Feet long, at low Water Mark, fupported by a Heap of Stones ; at high iJVater the Pole was covered, how far above it .^ \. they Id ( 17 ) ^ ' \ they could not tell, nor did they wait until next Tide to get the Pole. The Whales came in to Deer Sound every Tide from the Wettward, with the Flood, and returned with the Ebb to the Weftward. There were feveral Openings feen on the South Weft Side of the 5/r^'> which were never look*d in- to, fo that the Weft Side feemed to be only broken Lands and Iflands, but no Openings were feen on the North Eaft Side, except Deer Sound, which only went up two Leagues, the Indians they had on Board having travelled round it on Foot ; there was alfo below it a fine large Cove, or Harbour, capable of containing a Fleet of Ships, -; f^: ::a Captain Smith, in failing from Churchill to JVhale Cove in four Voyages, in 1740, 1742, 1743, and 1744, fet out about the Firft of July in each Year ; he found fomc Ice betwixt Churchill and Cape EJkimauXi but from thence to Whale Cove, he neither in going out, or re- turning, faw any Ice to obftruS his Sailing, it being always drove to the Eaftward from that Coaft into the great Bay, by a ftrong Current fetting from the North Weft Shore, which, with an equal Wefterly Wind, drives it more to South Eaftward in twenty-four Hours, than an Eafterly Wind can force back again in forty eight Hours ; by which Means, the Bay to Southward is full of Ice, when there is none on the North Weft Side of the Bay. ^ This Current from the Weft alfo, fets the Ice to Eaftward thro* Hudfon*s Strait^ which ^ B caufes i \ I- ^ ( i8 ) caufes fo much Ice being at the Eaft Entrance of the Strait^ in the beginning of July^ when at the fame Time the Weft End is tolerably clear of Ice ; and this Current, with the Ice from Davy's Strait, is the Caufe of fo many Iflands of Ice being feen fo far as the Banks of New- foundland in 44", Scrogs failM the 2 2d of Juue, 1722, from Churchillf to know what was become of the j^I- hany, and the other Veflel that fail'd with Vaughan and Barlow^ upon the Difcovery, in X720. He faw \atter'd Ice to Eaft ward of him, with Sea-Horfes lying upon it, until he came near Merry-Soundm about 62°, where he arriv- ed the Twenty fixth ; there he anchored, and traded with the Natives, until the Firft of JU' ly ; the Ice driving in by the Eafterly Winds to the Iflands near it *, he failed thence the Firft of Jitfyi and faw fome (hatter 'd Ice, Eaft ward of Piftol Bay, on the Second 5 from thence to Whalebone Point in 64" ^^* where he anchored, he faw no Ice, but a little fhatter'd Ice in 6^** 35', tho' he beat fcveral Days backward and ' forward in the Welcome^ nor any Ice from thence upon his Return to Churchill^ where he '.arrived the latter End of J//^. • ,^ 'Crow and Napier ^ who failed from Churchill the beginning of July iys7* upon a pretended Difcovery, by- Orders from the Company; they having been for fome Years importuned by Mr. Dobbs^ to fend a Sloop to fVhalebone Point, In 6^** where Scrogs had found fo great a Tide, and faw an Owning to Weft ward ; in order to obferve that Tide* and to try the Opeiubgi with v-'- foil in ^ '9) full Inftru6^ions given to the Company for his Condu6l upon the Voyage ; initead of attempt- ing any Difcovcry, they went out late in the Summer,fail'dno farther than IVhale Cove in 62* 26', fevcnty Leagues from C/S»«rf/&/7, where they traded with the Indians^ they were limited by the Company, not to flay longer out than the 24th of July^ and were inftrudfed by them not to go farther than 63** ao', as appears by their Journal j confequendy, were not capable, or defigned to make any Difcovery. They were teii or twelve Days in failing to ivhale Cove^ com- plaining of much Ice in the OfHng, or to Ead* ward, and near Sir Byhy^s IJland 5 by the i^th they got to Piftol Bay^ and failed into fFhak^ Cove that Night, where they traded with the Indians for Finn and Oyl, until the 27th, pre- tending they could not get out for Ice, tho* \t did not prevent the Indians coming to them in their Canoes, and in the mean Time they fent their own Boat into Piftol Bay to look for a Harbour, but found no Harbour, nor faw any Land except two fmall Iflands four or five Leagues Weflward of Piftol Bay^ and don*c mention any Ice being feen by them in their PafTage there. Napier kill'd himfelf by drinking Brandy, and Crow, in his Journal fays, that having no more Trade, the Indians being gone, he proposed to have gone to 63** 20', but it being then the 27th. and they being limited by the Company to flay no longer out than the 24th of Juhf^ he return- ed to Churchil ; and thus ended the Company's Expedition, for a Difcovcry of a Paflage to the Wcftern Ocean, Yet Sir Byhy Lake, in his B 2 Letter 1 1/ (20) Letter by Order oF the Company to Mr. Dobhs^ magnifies this as a great and dangerous Attempt, and Voyage, faying, the Sloop had gone out early in, the Summer, and ftay'd out until the latter Eni of Au^ujl^ and in all that Time could make no Difcovery, nor faw any Sign of a Paiiage ; that they had loft a Governor (Nappier) in the Voyage, and the boldcft of their North Wefters were afraid of failing to the Northward 5 but they carjcfully avoided fending a Copy ot the Journal, which they were at laft obliged to produce, by Order of the Commit- tee of the Houfe of Commons. May not then the Account they give in their Journal, of fo much Ice feen in their Paf- fage. to ^hale Cove^ which was no more than fhattcr'd failing Ice, not capable of obftrufjking their Faflage, fo contrary to Captain Smitb*& four Journals, to Scrog's Journal, and Fox\ and Button\ upon their firft Difcovery of that Coaft 5 and contrary to Middleton*s Journal, who faw no Ice but a very little to Eaftward^'when he left ChurcbiU upon his going out, until he got to 64** 20* in the Welcome ; may not this Account from Crow and Napier^ be much mag- nified by them, to pleafe the Company, by in- timidating others from attempting to find the Paffage. From this Abftracl of their Journal, it is evident, that under a meer Shew of fend- ing them upon the Difcovery, they ordered them to fail only to ffbale Cove, and trade with the Indians^ and to return in three Weeks % fo that every intimidating Account, they knew, iwould pleafe the Company. I From 1" I 1^ •( " ) . From all thefe forementioned Jourx)aIs, it feems evident, that from the Inlet near Cape Ejkimaux in 6i* lo, to Wager Strait in d^"* 24', it is all broken Lands and IQands, and this is confirmed by feveral other concurring Cir- cumftanccs. The Rifing of the Tide ten Feet in the Inlet South of Cape E/kimaux^ when no Current fet into or out of that Inlet, to- gether with its Saltnefs, Depth, and Clearnefi of the Water, is a Proof that the Tide there, flowM thro* the Inlets feen to the Northward of the Inlet ; the great Opening and Idands feen in Hope Bay^ South Weft of Whale Cove, the large Opening North-Weft of it, and Northward in Pijlol Bay ; there being no Land feen from Whale Cove to Marble IJland^ ex- cept one Head-Land, called Cape Fair-way ; the great Bay between the Head- Land North of Marble IJland in 63** 20', and Cape Fuller- ton in 64° 10', which Cape is made up of I- flands ; the great Opening between that Cape and Whalebone Point in 64°. 55', as well as Wager Strait arc confirmed by the feveral Journals *, fo that whole Tracl is nothing bue iflands and Inlets. The Tide and Current, and Courfc of the Flood, is a great confirmative Proof, not only of its being a broken Coaft, but alfo that it communicates with another Ocean : For all Tides, in Inlets, Bays, or Straits, are cauf- cd by the Influx of Waters from fome Ocean; and the further fuch Coafts or Bays are diftant from the Ocean, fo much later the Tide is ftill in flowing ; the Method Mariners in their Jour- nals take, of (hewing the earlinefs or latenefs of the Tide, is from the Moon's iSouthing, by the Points ( Points oF the Compafs ; and alfo by the Hour ic it high Water at the full and new Moon \ there- fore as the Moon goes in its Diurnal Rotation from the North to the South, by the Eaft, and from the South to the North Iv.* the Weft •, fo the Moon's Place from the Meridian, being pointed out by the Compafs, a Tide flowing later, as it goes farther from the Ocean, is de- scribed thus. Flood or high Water by a South Moon, S S W. S W. W S W. W. W N W. &c. for the Moon in going from South to Weft is ftill later in coming to thofe feveral Points in its Diurnal Rotation, and in going towards an Ocean, where you meet the Tide fooner as you approach the Ocean •, there you meet the Tide in the Rcverfe ; as from Weft, to W S W. S W. S S W. South, ind fo on towards the Eaft ; fo that failing in a Strait, Bay, or Inlet, it is eafily known whether they are failing towards or from an Ocean by their finding high Water earlier or later, by the Moon's Place, when it is high Water. This is alfo dcfcribcd by the Hour of high Water at new and full Moon, for a South Moon makes high Water at twelve o'Clock, S S W. at i** 30' S W. at 3\ W S W. at 4'* 30' and a Weft Moon at 6\ Thus in going thro* Hudfon's Strait to the Bay ; at the Eaft Entrance, from our Ocean, an E S E. Moon makes high Water at 7'* 30*5 farther in the Strait, a S £. Moon at 9'' far- ther a S S E. Moon at 10^ 30', and at Cape -D/^g^-j, where they enter the Bay, a South Moon at iz"^ o'clock. If therefore this Eaftern Tide continued to flow and raife the Tide at the Weft, and ( 13 ) and North Weft Side of the Bay ; as that Coail: is nearly at an equal Didance from Cape Diggf where the Tide enters the Bay, it therefore (hould ue high Water much at the fame Time at Port Nelfon^ in 570, Cburchil River in 590* Cape EJkimaux in 610 26', and Whale-Cove in 62o 26 , and fo on to MarbU'IJlandj and fFom ger 'Strait ; and the Tide (hould fet into, an() from the Coaft, by an Eaft and Weft Currenr; But if at the fame Time that an Eadern Tide from our Ocean, flows into the Eaftern Part of Hudfon*s Bay^ and raifes the I'ide there \ a ^.Tido from a Weftern Ocean, fhould thro* a ^ Strait or broken Lands, flow into the Weft I Side of the Bay, and raifea Tide there *, for the f fame Parity of Reafoning, the Tide of Flood fhould not be at the fame Time in diffe- rent Parts of the Bay, but fhould be earlier or later, according as the Places are nearer, or far- ther, from the Opening thro" which the Tide flows from the Ocean. ,: •. . It is therefore evident from the feveral Jour- nals taken from FoXy Scrogs^ Smith and Middle tony that at Whale- Cove in 62° 26/, a W. S. W. Moon makes high Water, at 4'' 30' at C?pe Efiimaux in 6i* 26', a Weft Moon at 6\ aC Cburchil in 59°, a W. N. W. Moon at 7*' 30', and at Port Nelfort in 570, a N. W. Moon at 9''. So that it is fix Points of the Compafi^ or 4 3c' later, flowing at Port Nelfon^ than ac Whale-Cove '» yet both are near the fame Diff tance from Cape Digg\ where the Tide enters the Bay By Captain Middleton*s Journal, a Weft Moon makes high Water at MirPk-J^fid, a|: the '(24 ) the Entrance of JVager Strait ; as alfo in Savage Sound, and Deer Sound, many Leagues within the Strait ; fo that the Tide flows later at Marhk'IJlandy and Wager Strait, by an Hour and half, than at fVhale-Cove, tho* they arc both nearer to Hudfon*s Strait, than tvhale- Cove ', and therefore ought to be earlier if caus'd by our Eaftern /Tide. * The Tides flowing at the fame Time at Marble IJland and fVager Straity is a Confirma- tion of the Tide's flowing thro' thofe broken Lands, and Iflands, to the Weftward \ thev^ being much at the fame Diftance from thc^ Weftern Ocean j but as the Tide is later than f at Whalt Covet confequently fFbale Cove is nearer to that Ocean, and feems to be the largefl: and beft Opening by Pifiol Bay, - The Number of large black Wha' .s which are conflantly feen, and taken in Summer, ?- mong all the broken Grounds on the North- Weft of the Bay, is an additional Proof, of a Communication with the Weftern Ocean there ; for fincc all our Whales go in the Beginning of Winter from Spitzherg^ and Davy^s Strait^ to warm Latitudes in our Atlantick Ocean, even as •far as Bermudas 5 and return, in the Beginning of Summer ta Spitzberg^ and Davy*s Straits ; fo, for the fame Reafon, the Whales feen in the North- Weft of Hudfon*s Bay, muft have a Way . of coming from, and returning to an Ocean, and going to warm Latitudes in the Winter ; now it is allowed by all, that there arc great Numbers in the North-Weft of the Bay, many every Year caught there by the Eikimausc Indi- ^ * ■ / arts. ir thin r at lour are 'bale- us'd e at ma- )ken thc^, than i ^e is rgeft hich • -^- ■ » >•■■ )rth- of a ere ; gof ; to n as ling , fo, the Vay ean» ■er 5 reat any ndi- dth^ and thelTe bring their Finn and Oil t(5fc Whak'Cdv. , to fell to the Company's Sloop fcnC there, froni the Wcftward, Southwcftward, and North-Weliward \ and consequently thcfe W bale?' sn-e caught much farther to the Weft ward j and lince none have been fcen in any other Part of^ the Bay, nor in Hudfon*s Jiraii^ .except within twenty Leagues of its Entrance, they cannot ^ffibly be fuppofed to come from our Ocean > to the North-Weft Side of the Bay. * Captain Middleton^ to avoid the Force of this Reafoning about the Whales, and the Height aind Time of the Tides there, has endeavour- ed to impofe a Strait upon the Publick in 66"*,, 40'.. in Repulfe Bny^ uhich runs into Hudfons Strait i near Cape Comfort 5 this he makes tc be five or fix Leagues wide^ eighteen to twenty Leagues long, yet faft frozen over from Side to Side, and would not be broke tip the Sealon he was there s yet through this frozen Strait, he would bring all the Whales feen in PFager Straity fVhalehone Pointy near Marble Jfland^ UnjaU'Cove^ &c. ^nd alfo Water fufficicnt to raife the whole Tides in all the North- Weft Side of the Bay ; although he allows the Strait to be frozen over, and full of large and fmall Iflands, bcfides, though he fays the Tide there was three Hours earlier than it really was, from the Eviclence of others aboard him 5 yet by his «iwn Account, it is later here than at IVbale- €&ve, and confequently could not raife a Tide tfcerc, for then the EfFc6t muft be earlier than the Caufe ; he then finding it impradl^icable to bnhg them this Way, would infinuatc that they came- from ' Davy*s Strmt^ and Baffin* s Bay^ and '■'■•.. ^ C ' fo ^■•fidi ( a6 ) fo round to fome Inlet, he fuppofes may be to North-Weft of Wager Strait. But how Whales from our Ocean, which have little enough Tinne to get up into Baffin* s Ba% to the Lati- tude of 78°, by the Middle ox July ^ and af- terwards to return to the Southward in Au- tumn, could take fo long a Route as to go round again to the North- Weft of JVager Strait, and down to Whale-Cove in 62'. from 78°. through a Sea full of Ice, as is the Weft; Side of Baffin's Bay, and yet be there fo early as June, (for in the Beginning of July they trade with the Indians for Whale-Fin taken frefli the fame Summer,) is not to be conceived 5 and if only fuch a Paflage ftiould communicate with the North- Weft of the Bay, and no Paf- fage from a Southerly Ocean, would not fuch ft Paftage from fuch Northerly cold Latitudes, as to 78°. caufe a vaft Quantity of Ice to bo thrown that Way into the Bay j but fince no Ice is feen there at that Seafon, it is a corrobo- rating Proof that the Communication there is between the Bay and a Southerly Ocean, and no: with a Northerly Ocean ; and the Current from this, fetting, the Ice conftantly Soutlvn Eafterly, from that Coaft, adds to all the other Proofs, and confirms the Whole. The E^i- $naux Indians not daring to go to the Con ti^ nent, yet frequenting all this Coaft to Weft^ ward, (hews that the Whole is Iflands ; and all the Northern Indians coming to Cburcbil^ who have been any way to the Weftw'ard, give an Account of a Sea Weft of Churcbil in the fame Latitude, where they have feen Veflels, and traded with them there, having brought Copper to Churcbil^ and other Things they hacj barter'd * in ( ^7 ) barter'd with tHem there. Belides, if Admi« rsA de Fantes*shetter be genuine, of his Meeting in his Boat a £0/?0ff VefTel trading beyond the eft of Hud/on' s Bay ^^Ucr leaving his Ship inLake elUt upon failing from Dma round California^ o 54° North Latitude, wherein he names the Matter's Name and Pilot's, Shapley and Sey* mour Gibbons^ and we find a Family of the Name of ShapUy then lived at Bolion ; there would be no further Need of Proof to de- monftrate there being a navigable Paflage from HudfinU'Bay to the Wcftcrn Ocean of America,