^;^^, o.X'^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^ .^. vA^o 1.0 1.1 liAIM |2.5 |50 ■^" ■■■ ■U lU 12.2 S Bi ■■ M 11.25 III 1.4 ^U4 — 6" ol^ <5^ f3^ 0} /A nc Scieices CkjiporalJon 23 WIST .MAIN STMIT WiBST*iR,N.Y. MSM (flvV) •72-4503 4^% <5^4* CIHM/ICMH Microfiche ■ Series. • .^ CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions hietoriquas Technical tnd Bibliographic Notat/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquas The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may bo bibliographically unique, which may altar any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couieur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurAe et/ou pelliculAe D D Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque rri Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couieur Q Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couieur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couieur □ Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de i'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int^rieure D Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these havo been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches aJoutAes lore d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais. lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmies. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl^mentaires; L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a At* possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthode normale de fiimage sont indiquis ci-dessous. T t< I I Coloured pages/ D Q D ^/ Pages de couieur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagtos Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restauries et/ou pelliculies Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dAcoiortes, tachettes ou piquies Pages detached/ Pages dAtachies Showthrough/ Transparence T P o fl G b tl si o fi si o I I Quality of print varies/ Quality in6gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplAmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponibie T si T h d ei b ri H n □ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, una pelure, etc., ont it* fiim6es A nouveau de fapon A obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de riduction indlqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X p^HB 3 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X ails du idifier une nage Th« copy filmad h«r« has b««n raproducsd thanks to tha ganarosity of: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha host quality possibia considaring tha condition and laglbillty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacifications. Original cpias in printad papar covars ara filmad baginning with tha front covar jnd anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion, and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad imprassion. Tha last racordod frame on each microfiche shall contain tha symbol — ^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right end top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film* f ut reproduit grice A la gAn^rositA da: Library Division Provincia* Archives of British Columbia Las imagas suivantes ont AtA reproduites avac le plus grand toin. compta tenu de la condition at de la netteti de I'exemplaira film*, et en conformity avac las conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimAe sont filmte en commenfant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commen9ant par la premiere paga qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gaucha. de gauche A droite, et de haut en bes. en prenant le nombre d'imagas nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. rrata o lelure. 1 A 32)( 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 1 i ^ 1 ■ 1 * i 1 '■ /ayiw'» d'^/y^-'^ ANEW GENERAL ATLAS. CONTAININGA Geographical and Hiftorical ACCOUNT Of All the EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, and other DOMINIONS O F T H E W O R L D: WITH THE Natural HISTORY and TRADE of each Country, TAKEN FROM The Bed AUTJHORS, particularly C^uverius, Brietius, Cellarius, Bleau, Baudrand, Hoffman, Moreri, thetwoSANsoNs, Lujtts, the yitlas Hiftoriquef Sir John Chardin, Le SkuN, Tournefort, ^c. ^%. To which is Prefixed, An Introduction to Geography, rendring the principal Parts of that Science eafy, and containing all that is neceflary for the ready underftandirig of Maps. Together with a Copious Alphabetical INDEX, The MAPS, which are all Engraven or Revifcd by Mr. S e n e x, are laid down according to tlje Obfer- vaiions communicated to the Enx^if) Ro v a l Society, the French Ro t\l Academy of Sciences, and thofe made by the lateft Travellers: And the DESCRIPTIONS iuited totheCourfc of each Map, which has not been obfervcd in any other ATLAS. ja; lO-^ ^! >1 ^ t. 'W '^S ■''!>i< '^5 . i O F T H E WO R L D WITH THE Natural HISTORY and TRADE of each Country. TAKEN FROM The Beft AUTHORS, particularly CvyvERius, Brietius, Cellarius, Bleau, Baudrand, Hoffman, Moreri, thetwoSANsoNS, Lurxs, the ^tlas Hiftorique, Sir John Chardin, Le BkuN, Tournefort, ©"r. To which is Prefixed, , ♦» An Introduction to Geography, rendring the principal Parts of that Science eafy, and containing all that is neceflary for the ready underftandirig of Maps. Together with a Copious Alphabetical INDEX. The \f A P S, which are all Engraven or Revifcd by Mr. S e n e x, are laid down according to the Obfer- vations communicated to the EHjrltf) Royal Society, the French Ro y\l Academy of Sciences, and thofe made by the lateft Travellers: And the DESCRIPTIONS fuited tocheCourfe of each Map, which has not been obfervcd in any other ATLAS. ^0-^ ^ ^ i A'/in/^cn /cu^- LOKD Ni Printed for Daniel Browne Without Temfle-Btry Thomas TavlOR over-agaioft Serjeints-tnn in Fleet-Street^ John Darby in B*rMomeiV'CloJe, John Senex in Stlisburj-Court, William Taylor in Pjter-Nofier-Row, Joseph Smith in Exeter-Chtnge, Andrew Johnston Engraver in Rou»d Courtf William Bray next the Fouatai/fTazern in the Utrtttdy Edward Symon in Cornhill. M. DCC. XXI. v ■'X m^^m nM**" rl /, 'C- ^"2: y\ 1 » -%• Bii To His Royal Highnefs GEORGE AUGUSTUS Pnnccoi GREAT BRITAIN, Eleaoral PRINCE oi BRUNSfVI CK-LUNENBURGH. Duke of CORN IV A L L and RO THSA YE, Duke and Marquifs oi CAMBRIDGE, Earl of MILFORD.HAVEN and of CARRICK, Vifcount NO RTHALLERT ON, Baron of TEWKESBURT and of RENFREPT, Lord of the ISLES, and Steward of SCOTLAND, And Knight of the Moft Noble Order of the G A RT E R, Prince of WALES and Earl of CHESTER ; THIS New GENERAL ATLAS Is moft humbly Dedicated by His Royal Highness's Moft Obedient, # devoted > 'i % < . il '■f N '* GEORGE AUGUSTUS Prince of GREAT BRITAIN, Eledoral PRINCE oi BRUNSWl CK-LUNENBURGH, Duke o( CORN WAL L and ROTHS A YE, Duke and Marquifs o{ CAMBRIDGE, Earl of MILFORD'HAFEN aadof CARRICK, Vifcount NORTHALLERTON, Baron of TBIFKESBURT and of RENFREW, Lord of the ISLES, and Steward of SCOTLAND, And Knight of the Mofl Noble Order of the G A RT E R, Prince of PFALES and Earl of CHESTER ; THIS New GENERAL ATLAS Is moft humbly Dedicated by His Royal Highness's Moft Obedient, And Moft Devoted Humble Servants, The Undertakers. 4 iv ) ' *.4 I* Ji 1^8 'L\\ .////'. v/z/v/.'' /r ////■> //r//' . 9UiB TREST J. nam ■^ if s^!r'^5E'"*T^«e^^gB^l^ .y,. 1^ — -^iiTJi ' iin I'liu iE> Vj L»r^-— ^ HC- \jh, A'm/i/ /< ■'.• i i//A /'V.//V //. w .'' B-i •^^iJt z* .•/..'. . .'.. /J .'j './ ,i / /••,y t .1^', ,l,'i f > I t I 'h*'^ r ••^tSsSSSif"- Q--f4^ I '/ i/ri//,///,!m I 70. /•//;■//.'/ f^ iSMt^. \//i.>Kt,r//,vi'/. //////r/Z/hv Bar '.- '^HilS Ir, sinfi rHES T^ ''/u-Jihd/J/jn'. Su'umlu^r,/ £i.Ttl// Hi afc Tv^r'-f : /irt.iAy/wr '\iM.I/./>. /.• .'ff,7«! 7;.y . V , !;/rj (■/■/{ I/.' /r ///fj ///v/ t ii£; p i /}//'.! /yy/'/v.-r //> ////j /I ?'/'A . ^ m m f^ I )^) 1 7/'Vi.. //;/r- i ^ J.'hn lI'M-rt v/////.'.y'^■/./>,:y,^^ \^ 'fy', ILt/lrr in ± Vttt,ui,/tV C'l/aAi/A J I I S''r,-i,-rD. •//».- ^C-J;. /. .'n./.'n. A .f H.:,f,„jm . )^ll-t Tr.-/<-n.U>r f '% ..) Ml ' . ////: ft / y/7 y.v //^ ////. / //^v/' .*sft y ,y 1/ mi'tiA/,./„, l/c"'- //.>,>//liUI^ \7ili/iiirJLi'/y //.'■ *^feS ' ^ iiiTi? ffifA" T ^fc tin : //iirji/, 7- ^m JiwifA "^^ V.'N i '/lO.yJfn/ro^i #. ^> ''^^'V?'' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I |i.25 Ill 1.8 U 11.6 V] ^;; y ^# Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0 (;I6)S72-4S03 i-V (V \\ [v 6^ «■ ^J% '•«^ "•b VI ,^i//'jr/y/r/:f A' //// // '^v/. n >yi 1 1 ■ 1 4 , 0/ At (/'//'{/ :/ /r ///./ //r/'A VII : - ( '3 (>, J" If fife* * ^1 ■m 1 ,, . J) r Ju,/iA'>:i c/J/u . 11,1/ ■ i' 5n -> C5> ?;«• -jSt ^ ■.»■ .,i V -» -'ji- ■,;•. ^;» ■* THE P R E F AG E. E refer to the Beginning of the Introdudlion for an Account of the UlctUlnefs of a Book of this fort to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Commanders by Sea and Land, Divines, Lawyers, Phyficians, and Merchants, and indeed to Pcrtons of all Ranks. THE Title docs fo fully exprcfs the Nature of the Work, and the Vouchers on which 'tis found- ed, that there's no need of enlarging on that head ; only we think fit to acquaint the Reader that he will find the Authors every where fairly quoted, by which 'twill appear that they are fuch as the Learned ttlceni the bcft of their kind, whether antient or modern. We have chiefly made ulc of the latter, bccaufc modern Geography was our principal View, that they arc much more cxaft than their Predc- ccflbrs, and have corredled many of their Errors. THOSE who arc convcrfant in this Study, know very well how defcdi\ c the Anticnts were, both in their Theory and Delcripnons ; ami that oven fiiicc Learning began to revivo, betwixt two and three Centuries ago, the firft Authors on this Subjcdt gave into abundance of flibulous Dclcriptions, which Icrvcd for nothing but to aniulc and mif lead the unwary Reader, by romantick Accounts of Countries, Pco pie and Cities, that never had a Being. THERE was no way to reform this but by a careful Perufal of the bed modern Geographers, Voyages, and Travels, which is here faithfully performed. Wc have likcwilc had the Advantage of our Pre- dcccdors, oy conliilting Sir 'JohnLlnrdin's Travels, the A'l*s Hiflorique^ Le Brrtn's and Tournefort^s Voyages and Travels, &c. which were not complcatly publilhcd, till this Work was begun. IT has been a general Complaint that Performances of this kind have been either too voluminous, or too lliort to anfwet their end We have endeavoured to keep a Medium : and the Proprietors, in order to make the Work latisfadtory, have added above forty Sheets more thau at firft propolcd, to their very great Expcnce. WE have, foravoiding the Confufion which is too common among former Geographers, fixed our firft Meridian at London ; whereas in others the Longitudes are frequently let down from various Meridians on the different Maps, lb that the true Diftances of Places Eaft and Weft arc hard to be found in them, eipccially where the firft Me- ridian is not named in the Map, as coo frequently happens. WE have alfo taken care to make ourDcfcriptions agree with our Maps, which not being duly obferved by former Authors, perplexes and difappoints the Reader; whereas wc have always begun ourDc- fcriptions at the Top, or the North Part, of the Map, and go on from Weft to Eaft, according to our natural way of Reading, fo that the Penilcr finds every thing defcribed in its proper Situation ; which in- ftruds as well as pleales him : Only he is denred to oblcrvc, that wc begin our Dclcriptions of Grett Britain and Ireland on the South Piirrs, bccaufc beft known and of moft Importance, but ftill defcribc accord- ing to the Courfc of the Map from Weft to Eaft. A S to our Maps, they arc laid down according to the newcft Ob- fcrvutions cotmnunicated to our own Royal Society, the French Acade- my ni Sciences, and thofemadcby the latell Travellers; many grofs Errors in former Maps are corrected in thefe; and a great number of Places remarkable for Adion, omitted by others, arc inferred here. 'T I S not pofTiblc for any human Compofition to be perfedl:, and much lefs a Work of this Nature, in which new Dilcovcries are made every Day Nor is it practicable to pleafe every Tafte ; for fome will complain of the Defcriptions being too long, and others that they are too fhort : Others will find feult that many Places of fmall Note arc defcribed, and fome will blame the Omiffion of any fuch, without con- fidering the Want of Room or Time, or the Deficiency of proper In- formations on thole Heads, which is a general Complaint in every Country. All that can be anfwered to liich Objedions, is, That as much Lare has been taken as pofTible. MANY of the Nobility and Gentry of 5«i/j» '*■ 1 1| ; ■1 -9 y! '1)1- cr I.) the Beginning of the Introdutitinn an Account of the Ulctulncfs of a Uonk. of thi^ fort to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Commanders by Sea and Land, Divines, Lawyers, Phyficians, and Merchants, and indeed to Pcrlons of all Ranks. THE Title docs fo fully exprcls the Nature of the Work, and the Vouchers on which 'tis found- ed, that there's no need of enlarging on that head ; only we think fit to acquaint the Reader that he will find the Authors every where iairly quoted, by which 'twill appear that they arc luch as the Learned ctlccni the bcft of their kind, wacther ai\ticnt or modern. We hav c chiefly made ulc ot the latter, bccaufc modern Geography was our principal View, that they arc much more exadt than their I'tcde- celTors, and have corrcdted many of their Errors. THOSE who arc converlant in this Study, know very well how t1cfc(Ui\ e the Anticnts w ere, both in their Theory and Dclcriptions ; .niui ch.u oven fincc Learning began to revive, betwixt two and three Centuries ago, the firft Authors on this Subjcd gave into ahiuulance of fabulous DcliTiptions, which Icrvcd for nothing but to amulc and mi - lead the uinvary Rcailcr, by romantick Accounts of Countries, Pco- jile and Cities, th it never had a Being. T H F R F was no way to reform this but by a careful Perufal of the bcrt modem Geographers, Voyages, and Travels, which is here faithfully ocrJbrmed. We have likcwiii; had the Advantage of our Prc- dccclFors, by conlulting Sir 'JohnChirdin\< Travels, the AUs Hilloriqne, l.e Rrun\ and 7W«r/or;'s Voyages and Trav els, c/'f . which were not conipicatly publiihcd, till this Work was begun. IT has been a general Complaint that Performances of this kind have been eithc- too voluminous, or too lliort to aiil'wer their end Wc have endeavoured to keep a Medium : and ilic Proprietors, in order to make the Work latisl'adory, have added above forty Sheets more than at firft propulcd, to their very great Expcnce. WE have, for Avoiding the Confuflon which is too common among former {ici)gr.ip!i;rs, fixed our firll Meridian at London ; whereas in others the Longitudes arc frequently let down from various Meridians on the ditlercnt Maps, io that the true Dillances of Places Eaft and Weft are hard to be found in them, elpecially where the firft Me- liilian is not namcil in the Map, as too frequently happens. WU have alto taken fo make our Dclcnptions agree without Maps, which not being dm obrervcd by former Authors, perplexes and ditappoints the Reader; whereas wc have always begun our Oc> fcriptions at the Top, oi the North Part, of the Map, anugo on from Wefl to Ead, according to our natural way of Reading, fo that the Pciulcr finds every thing dcicribed in its proper Situation ; which in- flruds as well as plcales him : Only he is dciircd to oblcrvc, that we begin our Dclcriptions of Grett Brittin and Ireland on the South Parts, bccauC ' eft known and of moft Importance, but Hill delci ibc accord* ing to the Courfc of the Map from Weft to Eaft. A S to our Maps, they arc laid down according to the newcft Ob- iciv.ir'ons communicated to our own Royal Society, the French Acade- my oi Sciences, .ind thofcmadcby the latell Travellers ; many grofs Errors in former Maps arc corrected in thele; and n great number of Places remarkable for Adtion, omitted by others, arc inlcrted here. 'TIS notpodiblc for any human Compofition to be perfeft, and much lels a Work of this Nature, in v hicn new Dilcoveries arc made every Day Nor is it pra(fticable to pleafe every Taftc ; for fomc w ill complain of the Dclcriptions being too long, and others that they are too Ihort: Others will find fault that many Places of fmall Note arc dcicribed, and Ibme will blame the Omiflton of any luch, without con- fidcring the Want of Room or Time, or the Dencicncy of proper In- formations on thole Heads, which is a general Complaint in every Country. All that can be anfwered to luch Objedlions, is, That as much Care has been taken as poflible. M ANY of the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland hivingc,cnCTOu(\y encouraged this Work by Sublcriptions, wc confulted fevcral of their Parliament-Men, and other>, upon the Maps of it in Bleau's Atlas, the bcrt that were ever publilhed ot that Nation; by which wc have im- proved t!.c Map and Dclcription of Scotland beyond any thing ycc extant. I F any objedl that the Dcfcription of the Scnts Ides is larger in proportion than the reft, the Rcalon is, that we had better Accounts of them, that their Natural Hiftory is curious ; and that being the princi- pal Seat of the Filhery, towards which the People of Great lirhain have of late dilbovered lb much Inclination, wc took particular Care to men- tion the feveral Sorts of Filh, the Places where they abound raoft, and the Harbours, &c. where that Trade is beft to be carried on in thofc I Hands. U'A- u)J» J* U.'» iV ft: ■..'» lyJlf V Diredions for the Binder to place the MAP S. The World Europe ■ Denmark - Sweden and Norway Muicovy Poland . Germany Holland Amdcrdam Spaniih Netherlands France, being two Maps Switzerland • Spaiu and Portugal . Italy 21 ■ 26 ?2 40 - 5? 1 12 116 124 IJ2 149 15a 159 ibid. 169 '74 Hungary Greece — England • London • Scotland Ireland - Afia Turkey, Arabia, and Perfia ' Eaft Indies Africa ' » America Englilli Empire in America Virginia and Maryland ■ 175 180 i85 207 2?} 262 ■141 148 187 • 226 2?7 . ib. 241 Jamaica, Barbadoes, and other Idands 244 MifTifippi — — — — ■ 248 Daricn and the Golden iHaads— - — 25 5 ^ E R R A T A. Pag. 248. Line 2. inftcad of the Earl of Kincardin, read, Sir Thomas Bruce Hope of KinrolTe Bar. is Hereiittrj Sheriff Scc. that thtChanryof Rofs, there defcribed, is now called Fortrofe. Pag. 252. Obfervc IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ^1^ i^ £ vs. 112.0 1-25 j 1.4 1.6 * 6" ► \ <=5 /. Photograpbii; Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET VIBSTER.N.Y. 14SS0 (716)S72-4S03 A LIST of the Subfcribers Names, His Royal Highnefs GEORGE Prince of Wales. TnE moR HiKouyablt the Marq'iif' of Annandalc. TA-- Hen. M.uirice Aflilcy Eff, The Hm. Joiuthan Allen Elf, Sir James Abcrcromby E.u- Sir H. Agar Bar. Sir lohii Anftruther E.v. &,■ 'John Auftcn cj Dtrlums in Mid- <1 efex B.J!-. Sir Rowland Alftone B.ir. 5/V lohn Armiugc Bdi . ^■(V 'jolm Askew of Lidyird Milhceiit jwNorth-Wiltfliire. Col. Philip Anftrutiier. Col. Jolin Armftronp. Alexander Abcrcromby cJ Glaflock EJj- Cyril Arlington of Ajlington Eff, Richard Arnold Efq; John Afterwit Efq; 'Iliomas Ambrofe Efq; Andrew Archer r/ Urnbcilad Efy; Tliomas Andrews Efy; t/Highgatc. James Andcrfon of Edinburgh Efq; Thomas Archer Efq; Robert Arbuthnott Efq; James Arbu^lnott Efq; Thomas Agnew Efy; ^he Reverend Dr. Aftry, Trt.ifurer cj St. Paul's. Jt,ez\ Mi: Arthur Atliinfon, Fellow vj Queen^f-Colkge, Oxon. The Rrj. Philip Ayfcoiiph .4M. Head- A/ijyJfir/iV.Paul'j^i /»!'/, 2 Books. 7he Rei:. James Andcrfon M. A. 7/:e Rev. M: Andrew Agnew, Reclo; cf Fobbint! m Eflex 7lieRe^: David Andcifon M A. John ArbuthnotA/.D. ^U). John Andcrfon Afe,J:.mt, i/j Lend. jMr. I'homas Allen Mcixlhi.u. Mr. Richard Acklom. Mr. Edward Arnold. Mr. William Attley. J[fy. Adam Andcrfon. /r .Tlio. Arnold /(/!if/)«.tn/«Holborn. A^-. lonasAlftron:. •^ B- jrii Grace the Duke of Bcaufcrr. JfitGr.uc Wriotlitfly D.^f of Bedford. nil Gnxe John DuLe if Biidiingham. Rrjit Nu:- the Earl (f Ikrl.fliirc, Lorj 'Uvjlial cf England. iJ;.r/jf //(./:. David £,ii7o/"Bi:chan. Riijit H.H. the Urd l^ergavcnny. Rilk Rev- the IJ Bijhcf tf Bath and WclU H'i E.\ce!.'eiu\ , Don Hyacinth Herges Pe rcyra a Caftro, £«-'cv cf Portugal. Ri,^ht Hon. the lord Belhaveil. Ki^ht Hin. the Lord Balandcn. Right Hon. George Baillie Efj; me (,j the Lord) of tlif Tieafury. Ri<^ht Hon. Theophiliis Baron Butler of MewtowD. 7*f//?«. Martin Bladen Efq; The Lady Bovcy. ^/K^Viiliam Baird Bar. tir Brook Bridges Ba,. .S,v Roger Bradfliaigh B.ir. Sir Charles Buck Bar, 5iV John Blunt Bar. AV Thomas Brand A>. Robert Briftow Efq; Clerk of the Green- cloth. Hon. Afajor James Butler. Hon. Henry Balcnden Efj; John Ecnnet£/'7; M.tflcr in Chancery. Harry Benfon Efq; jevtii Booki. Tyringham Backwcl! Efq; Edmond Browne Efq; Richard Bankes Efq; William Barncfly£/j; John Bridges Efi; William Baird o/Auchmedden Efq; William Bridges of Highgate Efq; John Boves of the Inner- Temple Efq;^ rhomas Bufliel Efq; one oj His Majtfi) i yi/fi:cei of Peace for the Ce Middle-Tcmplc Efq; William CIcland of Cleland Efq; John Cochrane cf Fercoully Efq; ohn Carer cf Kcmpllon im Bedford- fllire Efq; Robert C'leftcr Efq; Archib. Cummins of Glafgow Efq; St. Clements Danes. Rev. Mr. Barker, ReHor of Pinchback in Linrolnfliirc. Rev. M: Brett Backw ell, Fellem ofQitetui Celle^e, Cambridge. Captain Edw ard Boroughs. M: Alexander Burnet Menhant. A/.. Alexander Bower Metihunt. Mr. John Bonuell. Mr. Levi Ball. M.: Thomas B.«t if Highgate. Af). Benjamin Burrorglis. Af . Barnab.is Brovn, Mercer. Mr. George Brough. Af.CJcorgcBinckesf/Ccvcnt-Gardep Mr. Ab. Barber, Boclfcl'er in Wakefield Mr. Daniel Birck.il Bvokfeller in Lcvei poolc Mr. Benfon. Mr. Betts. Mr. Thomas Breack;;. Mr. Tho. Barlow 0/ Bcrkfliire. Mr. Thomas Badflead. Mr. Bernard Bifchott. Afr. George Bubb. Afr. William Burgcfs of New-York. Mr. Roger Brow nfword of Symmonds Inn. Mr. Brindley. Mr. Jofcph Barret Goldfmith. Mr. Henry Bethune Goldfmith in Edinb Mr. John Bale. Afr. Hugh Browne Boiifcller itt\'Ic\ls. Mr. Binheld. C. Hti Crnff James Di4kt of Chandois. Rirht Hon. SVilliam Ea>l of Coventry " I'/'i Hon. Thom.is £ /r/Conin':sbv Robert. Copley oj Ncxterhail £ Mr. Siijeam Comyns. John Chcvely of Lincolnt-Inn, Efq; Japt. John CoK ell. Cipt. CarmichcU. < illiam Cockburne M.D. John Crichton M. D. ■ )avid Cockburne M. D. V/i . Jofcph Como, Merchant. M. Noel Coflart, Merchant. Mr. James Corrie, 7 Bookt Cummings, M. D- »f Great Barford in Oxlordfllirc. lev. Mr. Cafe. iev. Edmund Otiamy Z). D. iev. Mr. Rich.Choppino/Diiblin. iev. Mr. George Cummins. Hev. Mr. Coliere, Rector of St. Co- lombe in Cornwal. ■ifii. John Gumming Af. A. Wc Robert Carter, Chymift. "iev. Mr. Carleton. iev- James Cathcart Af A. in Dublin, 'fr. Samuel Collctt. \fr. Samuel Carpenter of Philadelphia, Merchant. Mr. James Creed Mmhant. Mr. Samuel Card Jim. in Dublin. ffli Grace the Duke ,f Dcvonfliirc. Mf Grace the Duke of DougljN, Ri^i Hon. George Douglas Earl cf Dunbarton. Rtght Hon. the Earl of Dnndonald. R^ght Hon. the E.vl tf Dimr|K>rc. Right tion. Kenneth Lord DuHus. R^hi Hon. Count Dcgenfild. Hm. .Sir David Dalrymplc Bar. //.«.(?iwr.j/ Douglas. Hn Col. GeoTgc Douglas. Hn. Brigadier Ualzell. WIm. Col. Charles Dubourg.iy. Hon. CoL Robert D'Oyley Governor oj ihi To-jJtr. Sir Abflnipu'i Danby Bar. S:r Peter Dcime Kt. and AN. o/Lcndon. Sir Bafil Dix^ell Bar. Sir Robert Douglas of Glenbervie Bar. John Darnell Elq; UtrjeoKt at Lain. Edmond Dunch Efq; Col. David Dunbar. a/. William Douglas. Col. James Douglas. Robert Dyer Efq; Ro.Dundas Efq; Ln.i Advoc.iti for Scotl. William Dawion Efq; George Drummund Efq; Simon Degg Efq; John Dickion Efr, Rob. Dobbvns of Hercfordfhire Efq-, Montague Garrard Drake Efq; William Dunn of Lyford Efq; James Derkerftiil of Bury Ejq; vVilliam Dale Efq; Ficxtcr Dakinsf/f; (/Highgate. Edward Digbv Elf, Charles Defafayc Efq!" Peter Davis Efq; Recorder cf W'ellj. Rni. Dr. Dunlicr Prebemim of Sarum. Rev. Dr. John Th. Dcfagulicrs, F- R. S. Rev. Dr. Thomas Daw Ion. Rn. Mr. John Difney. Rei: A/r. 'rhomas Dyche, S^hsd-M.ijler of Bow. Rev. Mr. Nathaniel Denifon, Reilor of Great Wigborough in Edex. Rev. Mr. DuDordeau of York. Rtv. Afr John Defray, ReJor r/ Old Romney in Kent. Capt. George Dawfon »/ Fcrrcby in Yorl.fliire. Pierce Dodd Af. D. lames Douglas M. D. Thomas Decrips of th Evcliequcr Gera. John Difney jun. Cent. Adrian Drift fen. Gent. Mr. John Dubois Merchant. Afi. An. Dycmpllcr, Attvuiey atLmo\a. M>: James Douglas Mei chant. Mr.HM. Mr. Charles Dubois. Mr. Peter Downer. Af>. John Dimfdale «/ Hertford. Af--. John Dring. Afr. Thomas IX)bfon. Afr. William Deard. Afr, Eph. Mendci Decofta/««. AftivAf. Afr. Edward Davis. Afr. Diedrick Doberick. Afr. Davidfon Bookj'elUr 1 .1 Edinburgh. Afr. William Drummond. A^. John Davidfon, IVriter in Edinburgh. Afr. Eliphal Dobfon Book feller in Dublin. Af) . LuKe Dillon Bookfeller in Dul)Un. E. Right Hon. John Earl of Exeter. Vittor-Maric, Count DT.firies, Ahref- I ■«a ■ '■:m 0/ don. Bar. cotl. W' i. um. tor of l>y in ■ Gt)tt. ncolo. Itrtht. burgh. ibiirch. Dublin. l)lin. \Uref- M,. William Elliott. iVu-. Henry Emmet. M>: Maurice Lmmct. Atr, Henry Samuel Hyrc. Ml. George Ewing, BuoHfel/er in Dublin V. Jii^hi Hon. the E.vl i>f Finlatcr. Right Hit. the Lcrii Vifmmt Falkland. Right Hon. the Ijird Forrcftcr. Rilln Hon. the J^rJ Forbes. Sir Alexander Forbes*/ Fovcran Biir. Sir Robert Fumes Bar. Sir John Fcllowcs Bitr. Sir Fr. Forbes Kt. and Aid. of London Peter Flournoys Eff. Thomas F mfhawe Efq; Ralph Frcen;an Efq; iamcs Fleet Efq; /illiam Frckc Ef^; Alex. Fcrgufon of Ciaighderock £/*«; W. Few lis of Inpicby in Yorkfhiic Efq; Francis Foot Elq; William Fullcrton o/'Bartonliolm Efq; Kenelm Falkner Efq; James Farrell Efq; John Fullcrtcin Efq; Alexander Fullerton Efq; km. Bohun Fox B. LL. l^icar of Makcfliem, Wilts. Ufi/. Dr. Fiddcs. Cipt. Arthur Field. Oft. Farrer of Croxtotl in Lincolnfliirc. John Frciud M. D. Cipt. James Fall. Rev. Mi: William ForAer. Rev. Dr. Fullcr,/or the Library of Caius- CoVeie, Can-.bridcc. Rev. Dr. Fu 7 Scvenokes in Kent. Mr. Fort, .'ko.eist.'Per at Hampton-Court A/i-.Iofeph Franklin. yi/r. Lawrence Fashion, ^fi. Daniel de Foe jim. Mr. William Frafcr Merchant. Mr. John Fergus Merchant tn Edinburg. Mr. Felix Fift Jun. Mr. Anthony Furlong Surgeon. Mr. William' Fenny. Mr. Thomas Forbes »/ Echt. Afr. John Folkcr. Mr, Fairbrcther PfdfelUr in Dublin. G. Ri^ht Hon. th Earl of Galloway. Right Hm. tlte iMd Glenorchy. Sir William Gordon Bar. Sir James Grey of Kcnfington Bar. Sir Henry GooUrick of Ribfton Bar. Sir Richard Gough e/Qielfey. Alexander Gordon «/ Pitlurg £/j; Nehemiah Griffith Efq; John Georges Efq; F. R. .9. amcs Grant «/" Grant Efq; C»/. Peter Godbcy. Robert Grahams Efq; John Grant of Carronc £/jj Kenrick Grantham Efy; Robert Gray Efq; Richard Grantham Efq; Thomas Grymfton jun. Efq; Georj;e Gordon «) Ncthermuirc Efy; Partrick Garden Efq; John Gonfon of the Inner-Tcmplc Efq; 'harles Goodtellow Efq; James Graham hfq; 7«4* of the Court r/ Admiriilty in Scotland. John Georges Gent. F. R. S. Valentine Uoodman Gent. Ciipt. James Gordon, Rev Afr. Gardiner, .Vi(*-j;>M»e/"Lincoln Rev. Dr. Gibfon, Provtfl of Quetm-Col- Itge, Oxford. Rev. Mr. Greenwood. Rev. Mr. Gregory of the SavOy. Robert CJray M. D. George Gordon Gent. Cipt. Alexander Gcddes. • Capt. James Gunman. Cipt. John Godly Mr. George Gricrfou Boohfelter i.t Dubl. Mr. Richard Gunn Bookfc.'ler in Ddblin. H. His Grace the Duke of H'railton. Mofl Hon. the Marquifi of Ha.'-ington. Mjl Hon. the Marquifi vf Haro/I. Right Hon. the Eur I o/ Haddington. Right Hon. the Earl vf Hcynford. Right Hon. the Lord yifount Hatton. Right Rev. the Lord Bijijop of Hcrcfoxd. Right Hon. the Lord Havcrlham. Right Hon. Edward LordHirley. «i«. John Hallingius Efq; Envoy from the DiiLe of Saxe-Gotha. Hon. John Gerard HopmanE/^; Refiimt fvomt'-: Duke of Srhlcfwig Holftcin. Hon. Col. John Hart, late Governor oj Maryland. Hon. James Hamilton Efq, 2 Booh. Hon. Tliomas How ard Efq; Sir Riciiard Head Bar. Sir Richard How Bar. Sir Robert Hildyard Bar. Sir Thomas Bruce Hope Bar. S;V Richard Houbloa. Sir David Hamilton. John Haldanc of Glencagles Efq; Patrick Haldanc Efq; Mungo Haldanc Efq; Hcnfluw Halfey EJq ; Jolm Hanbury Efq; William Hucks Efq; W. Hamilton of Lincolns-Inn Efq; Henry Heme Efq; of KMm ne.v um\, t.!q; Heigham of RiughamiB Suftblk Ef}; . Harrington of Kclfon w.a- Dath, Efq; Maurice Hunt Efq; iohn Hiccocks Efq; Mafler in Chancery. William Hcvlham Efq; Hewer Edglcy Hewer Efa; John Hed worth Efq; Robert Holford Efq; Majler in Chancery. Mr. Serjeant Hall. John Hutchifon Efq; Caimes Henderfon Efq; Samuel Hill of the Temple Efq; John Hungerford Efit\ Edward Halded of Clements-Inn Efq; Henry Hare Efq; Charles Hyctt Efq; John Hill of the Middle-Temple Efq; Hcnr)' Herbert Efq; John Hay Efqi . Francis Hill Efq; Newburgh Hamilton Gent. Rev. Dr. Hudfon, Keeper of the Bodleian Librai-yat Oxford. Rev. George Hudfon, D D. Chaplain to the Ddte of Chandoif. Rtv. Mr. Hall, for the Library of Qiteent- Col/ege, Oxford. Rtv. Dr. Hutchinfon.o/Hammcrfmith. Rev. Dr. Holme, FeBovi of Qiietm-Col- Itgt, Oxford. Rtv. Mr. Hanlcy of Malmesbury. Rtv. Mr. Hycie. Rtv. Mr. Iohn Hcylin. Robert Howfton M. D. Mr. Horeywood. Mr. Piiilemon Hcmfley Merchant. l.ir. ]o\\n Hughes. Mr. Jacob Heiiriaues, Merchant. Mr. Charles Hocker. Mr. Henry Hammond,fiDot/<"''(''' '« Bath W, . Thomas Howard of Guilford. Mr. John Hickman. Ur. "James Holland Merchant. Afr. Fran. Hildyard, Bookfelier iuXoxV. Mr. William Higgs. Vf". Ifaiah Hetherington. Mr. J. Hodgfon, Teacher of the Mathe- Maticks in Chrift'x Hofpital, jBttks .Mr. John James Heidegger. Mr. Henry Hicks o/Covcntgardeo. Mr. Thomas Harrifon of Bath. Mr. Rcnfii Hcughes. Afc John Harwood. Joiin IngUihEfq; Affifiam Mi/ler o('l, : Books. 7/.hr Ho:, th; Earl '(f Ikri.llliro, L 'Mvjlal of ingland. Ri^bt Uai. David £,i>7c/'Bi:chan. Right H.ii. th! Lord Bergavcnny. Rilln Rc'j. tbe IJ Bd'cf f/Batii .wd Wclk H.i Exu'.:e)u\ y Ddk Hyacinth P/orgcs Pc rcyra a Caftro, Envcj of Portugal. Ri,lbt Hen. tbe Lord Bclhaveii. Rijbt Hni. tbe Lord Bahndcn. Ri^ht Hon. George Baillie Efi; one oj the Lord.' of tlie "trtafiry. Ri^bt Hi:. Theophiliis Baron Butler Newtown. 7*f//i'«. Martin Bladen ^'7; Tbe La.iy Bovcy. ^,1- ^'i iiliam Baird Bar. tir Brook Bridges /?.<;. .<;(>■ Roper Bradfliaigh B.tr. Sir Charle<; Buck E.v,; Sir Jolin Blunt B.ir. ^■iV Thomas Erjnd A.V. Robert Brifiow Efq; Clerk of theCreeti- ckth. Hon. ALyor James Butler. Hw. Henry'Balcnden Efq; John Ecnnet£/?i i^/.y?f> in Chancery. Harry Benfon Efq; Jeitn Books. Tyringham Backwcil Efq; Henry Bridges '/ Ember-Court in Sur- rey Efq; Jofuli Burciictt Efq; i'eirc!.:ry ifthe Ad- roiraltv. Richard Bark well £/;, Iohn Blake F.fq; )ennis Bend Efq; William Rlacl(iflo;i Bowes Efq; Robert Byerlcy f.rYorkfliirc Efq; Richard Blunt Eff, Henry Bland Efq; James Brodie of Brodi;; C/";; William Billers Efq; John Bculter Efq; Francis Boteier Efq; B:irn.irdilion Ef-j; James Bi ctt Efq; Stcpiicn Bifl'c Efq; V.';'!:.-.m H!.nkl>curne Efr; mmmmfmmfmim ihire Efq; John Bayneso//A# Inner Temple Efq; Bcttridgc Badham Efq; Francis Bcnzlin Efq; Mijor Boyde. Robert Bi uce Gent. Alexander Barclay Gem. S.Bcckinghamc/ Lincolns-Inn, Cent. Roger Brow nfon Gent. Charles Bavco/ Bath, MD. John Burnet M- D. John Beat M. D. Richard Beard of Worccftcr, M. D. Dr. Charles Browne. Cj/-?. Julius Buller. Capt. Philip Boys. Capt. John Barker, Inginetr. Reverend Dr. Thomas Bray. Re-v. Dr. Beaver De.vi of Bockin.^ Rev. Mr. Bell, Prebend the Prince. fames Campbell Efq; 'Colin Campbell Efq; John Cox Efq; Thomas Cooke of Norfolk, Eh; Corbctt of Lincolns-inn Efq; Oanic' Campbell of Sha\v field Efq; \vnry Cunningham c/Balquhan £/f ; ici rard Crokcr Efq; ieorge Chadw ick Efq; .Idward Challoner of Gisbrough id Yorkfliirc Efq; bilin Campbell £/7; Robert Cunyngham, one of his Majiflfs Council of St. Chriftophers, Efq; fohn Carr Efq; John Corbctt LL. D. Charles Catton of Yorkfliirc, Efq; David Craw ford o/Drumfoy Efq, \ iiliam Charlton of Hefleyfidc Efq; James Catlendcr of Craigforth Efa; Thomas Cochran of Killmaronoch Efq, I Abraham Crop Efq; Joiin Codringcon of Codrington, Efq; Robert Chetham Efq; Courtney Crocker Efq; Mr. Mm Mr. Lc\-i I St. Clements Danes. Rev. Mr. Barker, Re.lor of Pinchback in Linrolnfliirc. Rev. M: Brett Backw ell, Fellow ofQitetus Cellfs;e, Cambridge. Captain Edward Boroughs. .I/.-. Alexander Burnet Menhar.t. ^' . Alexander Bower MeriliMit. BonucU. Ball. M.. Thomas B.itt of Highg.ite. ilfi. Benj.min Burrorglis. M'. Barnabas Brow n, Mercer. Mr. George Brough. ;1f. George BinckcsfrCcvent-Gardep Mr. Ab. Barber, BooLfc/er in Wakefield Mr. Daniel Birchal Bookfeller in Lev ei poole. .Mr. Benfon. Mr. Betts. ofiMr. Thomas Breack«. ' \Mr. Tho. Barlow o/'Bcrknurc. Mr. Thomas Badflcad. Mr. Bernard Bifchott. Mr. George Bubb. Mr. William Burgcfs of New-York. M- . Roger Brow nfword of S) mmonds Inn. Mr. Brindlcy. Mr. ]o(cp\\ Barret Glifmith. Mr.'Hcnry Bethune GolJfm.th in Edinb Mr. John Bale. M<. Hugh Brovnc Boiifller inWcWs. Mr. Binficld. C. Hit Grace ]imc% Dute of Chandois. Rtrbt Hon. William Eal of Coventry. Rii^bt Hon. Thomas £.(r/Coningsby. R:fbt H n the Ijsrd Colerain. H n. lAird James Cavcndirti. Hi». Peter Carle Efq, Lieutenam-Gene- ral to the Kin?^ of Portugal. Sir James Campbell of Arlfinleys Bar. John Campbell of Calder Efq; Sir Alexander Cuming of Cuhcr Bar. Sir Walter Calverly of Calvcrly Bar. Sir James Cunningham Bar. Sir Nicholas Carcwe/ Bcddington « Surry, Bar. .Sir John Clcrkc Bar. .Sir James Carmichcl of Eonninton Bar S,r jamcs Campbell of AuchcnbrcL Bar, //,,;. Charles Cecil Efq; Hon. James Campbell Efq; dlonelofthe Reuil North-Britifti Dragoons |.1/,7rrCarm!chacI. Rev. Mr. Thomas Blomer, Reflor e/john Chcfter 0/ Lillington i» Bedford- ftiirc Efq; Edmond Clarke of the Middle-Tcmple Efq; William Cleland of Clcland Efq; John Cochrane of Fergoully Efq; olin Carer of Kcmpfton im Bedford* ftiirc Efq; Robert Cheftcr Efq; Archib. Cummins 0/" Glafeow Efq; Robert. Copley oj Nexterhall Efq, Mr. SvrjeaM Comyns. John Chevcly of Lincolm-Inn, Efq; .".jfr. Jiihn Cohcll. Ci/f. Carmichell. V iiliam Cockburne M.D. John Crichton M. D. ,)aviii Cockburne M. D. If . Jiifcpii Como, Merchant. \1 . Noel Collart, Merch.mt. 1/ . James Corrie, 7 Books. Cummings, M. D. of Great Biirford in Oxfordfliire. iev. Mr. Cafe. \ev. EomundCalamyD. D. i Norwich. \Mr, Jolin Co«kc Bookfilltr in Sherborne Hn. Col. Cjcorge Douglas. Hn- Brigadier Dal/.ell. H„n. Col. Charles Dubourgay. Hon. Col. Robert D'Oy ley Governor oj tht Tower. .Sir AbQnipuS Danby Bar. S:r Peter Delmc A'f. and All 0/ London. .Sir Bafil Dixlvell Sa>: ^ir Robert DoiigUs of Glcnbervic Bar. John Darnell Efq; Serjeant at Law. Edmond Dunch Efq; Col. David Dunbar. Col. William Douglas. Col. James Douglas. Robert Dyer Efq; Ro.Dundas Efa; Lcr.lAdvocattfor Scotl. William Dawfon Efq; George Drummond Efq; Simon Degg Efq; John Dickfon Eff, Lob. Dobb\ns oj Hercfordlhire Efq; Montague Garrard Drake Efj; William Dunn of Lyford Efq; James Deckerflial of Bury Ejq; vVilliam Dale Efq; Flexter Dakins£/f; e/Highgatc. Edward Digbv £/«: Charles Delafayc Efq;'^ Peter Davis Efq; Recorder cf Wells. Rrj. Dr. Dunltcr Prtl>end,irt of Sarum. Rev. Dr. John Th. Dcfaculicrs, F. R. S. Rev. Dr. Thomas Dawfon. Rev. Mr. John Difney. /{«■. Afr. 'rhomas Dyche, S,hiol-M.ijler of Bow. Rn. Mr. Nathaniel Denifon, ReHor of Great Wigborough in Elkx. Rn. Mr. Dubordcau oj York. Rev. Mr John Defray, Rnhr cf OIJ Romney in Kent. Capt. George Dawfon of Fcrrcby in Yorlfllire. Pierce Dodd M. D. James Douglas M. I). Thomas Decri}>s of th Evchcqucr Geiu. John Difney jun. Gent. Adrian DrUt fen. Gem. Mr. John Dubois Merck tut. Mr. An, Dyempfter, /^rfrii)C) .j/Lfncola. Ml. James IX>uglas Ah th.uit. Mr, Dahl. A/i. Charles DuIhus. Mr. Peter Dow ncr. Af). John Dimfdale of Hertford. M' . John Dring* Mr. Thomas Dobfon. Mr. William Deard. Mr. Eph. Mcndez Dccodi jun.Atetcht. Mr. Edward Davis. Mr. Diedrick Dobcrick. Mr. Davidfon Bockjeller in Edinburgh. Afr. William Drummond. Afr John Davidfon, HMter in Edinburgh. Afr. Eliphal Dobfon Bocifttlerin Dublin. Mr. Luke Dillon Bookftller in Dublin. E. Right Hon. John Earl of Exeter. Vidtor-Maric, Count D'Eftrces, Mditf- (hal oj France, 7 Books. Ri^bt Rev. the Lord Bijhop cf Ely. .SVr Gilbert Elliott c/Stobbs Bar. Hon. Col. John Erskia of Carnock. Sir Edmond Everett Bar. George Erskine o/Dun F-fj; Gerfliom Ely F.fq; Thomas Edmonds of Worsbrough Efq; John England 0/ Great Yarmouth Efq-, William Elliot Efq; John Elford of Langton Efp ■ Kingrmill Eyre £/f, Rev. Mr. L. Echard, AnhdeaconefSteyne. Rtv. Mr. Edwards of Weymout h. Rev. Mr. John Evans. Cntit. Nicholas Eaton. John Elphinflon Gent. A/'Mofes Efpinofa, Affrehant. Mr. Charles Eligt Lmnrr. '* t ... t| me Afr. Mr. Mr. Br Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr.' . Marylandr Hon. James Hamilton Efq, 2 Books. Hon. Tliomas Haward Efq; AvRicliardHead Bar. Sir Richard How Bar. Sir Robert Hildyard Bar. Sir Thomas Bruce Hope Bar. Sir Richard Houbloa. Sir David Hamilton, John Haidanc of Glcneagles EPr; Patrick Haldanc Efy; Miingo Haldane Efa; Hcnfhaw Halfey EJq ; John Hanbury tfq; William Hucks Eff, W. Hamilton of Lincolns-Inn Efq; William Frckc Efy, Alex. Fcrgufon of Ciaighderock £/(/; W. Fowlis of Inplcby in Yorkfliirc Ejq\ Francis Foot Efq; William Fullcrton n/'BartonhoIm Efq; Kenclm Falkncr Efq; James Farrell Efq; ohn Fullerton Efq; Alexander Fullcrton Efq; /in. Bohun Fox B. LL. l^icar of Makcflicm, Wilts. /{?f . £)) . Fiddcs. Capi. Arthur Field. CaPt. F.nrrer o/ Croxtoil in Lincolnfliirc, Joliii Frcind Af D. dipt. James Fall. Bev. Mr. William Forfler. Btv. Dr. Fuller,/iir the Library of Caius- CoUf^f, Cambridge. Rei: Dr. Fuller 0/ Scvenokes in Kent. Mr. Fort, Stortkeepcr at Hainpton-Court Mr. lofcph Franklin- iWr. Lawrence Fafliion. Afr. Daniel de Voc jun. Afr. William FrafcrA/crf/MW. Ml • John Fergus Merchant in Edtnburg. Af,. Felix Fill Juu. Mr. Anthony Furlong Surgnn. A/i. William Fenny. Mr. Thomas Forbes r,f Echt. Mr. John Folker. Mr. Fairbrcthcr Btdfelltr /« Dublin. G. Right Hon. ih Earl of Galloway, Rfghi Hm. tlie Urd Glenorchy. Sir William Gordon Bar. Sir James Grey of Kcniington Bar. Sir Henry CJooilrick cf Ribllon Bar. Sir Richard (iough «/ Oiclfcy. Alexander Gordon of?h\uTgEfj; Nchemiah Griffith Efq; Jolin Giorges Efq; F. R- S. Janu-s Grant e/" Grant Efq; O/. Peter Gocfbey. Robert Grahams Efj; John Grant of Carrone Efj; Kenrick Grantham Efq; Robert Gray Efq; Richard Grantham Efq; Thomas Grymflon/tt«. Efq; George Gordon of Nethermuirc Efj; Partrick Garden F.fj; John CJonfon ^ the inncr-Templc Efq, Charles Goodleilow Efq; James Graham ///; "Jml^c of the Court 1) Admir.iltt in Scotland. John Geoigcs Gent. F. R- S. Valentine Gotniman Gtnt. O/". James Gordin. Riv AIS .Gardiner, .>*i-Z?M««/"Lincoln. R,-.'. Dr. (Jibfon, I'rovofi of Q^teens-Col l:^e, Oxford. Re-.. \fr. Greenwood. Rex . M. Gregory 0/" tht SavOy. Robert Ciray M.D. George Gonlon (lent. C.ift. Alexander Gcddes. C.ipt. l.unes Gunman. Cipi- ji>lin ( nidly. M>. John Gale of Wliiteharcn, Mer- chant, 7 Books. Mr. lohn Greene. M> . Edward GoiltVey. Air. Stephen Gill. Air. William Gcaft. Mr. Thomas Gerard. Afi. Richard Gl n, Mathem.ttical-Inftru- ment-maker. Air. Henry Grur;man, 4 Bonks. Mr. James Goodwin Ch)mift. Mr. Harrington Gibbs Menhant in Briftol. Air. William Green e///j* Po/l-Ojfice. Air. John Gold. Air. Andrew Grubb. Afr. Samuel Gale. A/r.John Gill B'o'fllerm Dublin, y»/i-.Wi'liam Gral, Mafl:r of tlte Frte^ i^ihol ti DiKlIc;.-. Henry Heme Efq; Maurice Hunt Efq; Harrington o/Kclfon near Bath, Efq; Heigham of R^ughami/i Suffolk Efy; I ^■ John Hiccocks Efq; Mafler in Chancery. William Hc)lham Efq; Hewer Edgley Hewer Efq; John Hedworth Efq; Robert Holford Efq; Mafler in Chancen. Mr. Serjeant Hall. John Hutchifon Efq; Cairnes Hcnderfon Efq; Samuel Hill of the Temple Efq; John Hungcrford Efq; Edward Fialdcd of Clements-Inn Efq; Henry Hare Efa; Charles Hyett Eff John Hill «/ the Middle-Temple Efq; Henry Herbert Efq; John Hay Efq; rancis Hall Efq; Newburgh Hamilton Gent. Rev. Dr. Hudfon, Keeper of the Bodleian Liiraijat Oxford. Rrv. George Hudfon, D D. Chaplain to the Dike of Chandois. Rev. Ml. Hall, for the Library of Qiieent- CoBe^e, Oxford. Rev. Di. Hutchinfon, o/Hammerfmith. Rev. D-. Holme, FeBou of Q^ieens-Col- lege, Oxford. Rev. Ml. Hanley of Malmesbury. Rev. Mr. Hyiie. Rev. Mr. lohn Heylin. Robert How Hon M. D. Mr. Honeywood. Ml. Pliilemon Hemdey Merchant, Mr. John Hughes. Mr. Jacob Henriaues, Merchant. Mr. Charles Hocker. \1r. Henry H.immond,fijot/('/l>r/«Bath Vf. . Thomas Howard of Guilford. Vf). John Hickman. «/>-. James Holland Merchant. Mr. Fran. Hildvard, BookfeLiy inXax^. Mr. William Higgs. Vf.. Ifaiah Hethcringtcn. Mr. J. Hodgfon, Tt.icher of the Mathe- matiiks in ChriftV Hofpital, 7 Books ilr. John James Heidegger. Ml. Henry Hicks o/Coventgarden. Mr. Thomas Harrifon of Bath. Mr. Rencli Heughes. Afi-.John Harwood. Mr. Mark Harford. Afr. Hodges. Mr. HawTffmore ArchiieU. Mr. William Hunter Printer. Mr. titgderi Apothecary in the Strand. Afr. John Hooke Bookfdler. A/r. Gabriel Harris Bock feller in Giouc. Afr. Henry Hall Bookfeller in Carlifle. Rinbt Hon. the Lord JoKnfton. Ri^ht Hon. Jamei Johnfton Efq; sir William Johnifon Bar. Sir Patrick Johnflon. Sir Thomas Jones. Tho. Jett Efq; Auditor of the Exchequer. Hon. Henry Ingram Efq; Hon. William Ingram Efq; Hon. Col. Charles Ir\ino. /ft». Co/. Alexander Jacobs /icv.A/r. William Johnllon of Jamaica. Rev. J.Jackfon, M.A,, Rev. Mr. Jolland, Prebend of Salisbury. Rev. Mr. David jennins. Rev. Mr. Henry Johnfon ReFlor of Wil- ton in Northamptonrtiire. Atr. Jacob Henriques Julian. Rtv. Mr. Jones. Afc. Henry Jarnegin, Banker. Ai). Robert Jeeb, Bookfeller in York. Mr. Thomas Jones. Mr. George James, Printer. Mr. Johnfon of Coventgarden, Mercer. Mr. Richard Johnfon pfExetcr-Changc, Aff. Cuthberc Jackfon. Afr. William and John iii.-!ys. Afr. Thomas Tames. Mr. Thomas Jordan of Snowhill. ns Grace the Duki of Kent. Right .WciM.Gcrald de Courey I< man. Ac-', i^fr. David Nctco. Fcriiciiii'iii; Niclu'llon p^ LiRocli-C.if tic /;; Ciimberl.uui Get. iiL'W-Colk'^clAr.rn h: Ovon. Mr. i'lioina's Ncsbirt i'\f.:.ki:.t. M. Nairn ■ /' Giccnyardb. M . l.iiM is'i;\\man. ;i/.. Pi.:cr N\'\<.!ul!. Mr- lulin Niclio!a<;. Ai, i >i,l.crt Ncilfon •/ Round-Court. M,. Robfi't Kiiln^'ioii. O. RrJ,: H>:.th E.i. I.J 0\-Ucy. John OpiU ic (;/ Calbcgno Ffj; .sr, Aii.iiplni.s Oiighrcn /)',;•• lohn Olmiiis /J/^/i Herman Olniii:s Ely, Crt. Mimipi'.ry Ormc. James Og'.cthorp Efij; Cipt Antiicny Osb.un. Al . Tlionias Orbtll. M. H. Oyfton, 5 :v(7;'.;V.;/; Edinburgh. fill. Robert Owen, Hai/.or ni Dublin. P. Riff.t Hon. Thomas L:yJ Parker, Lord '//■ if Circat Britain RkhtHi:.j-lw £.!;7Powlett. Ri}j:r H.i.: ;/■: Lfy.i Poiw arr!i. Ifjii. Thomas Pcliiam Ef-]; Sit Rcberr Pollock B.n: Hit- J.;mes Pcnnyman B.iy. HjIi. M.:j.Giit. Ti'.omas Pearec. Popliam Efj; Thom.-.'; Parcrl', n Ef.j: John Prin;:!e 't H.ining F.J'ii Alexander Pitficld El j; Robert P-iLenliam El-j; Cnarles Palmer 0/ LadcbrocK Efj; John Phillips Ef.j; jolin Peers Ef.j; \Mii.Pitt A/:/, Tho. Pal.nier Efj; folm Parker r.l'r. iv. MacliworthPraedc/Freviniam ECj^ «.,';.;,/.i.-G,7.v,,;/S ohn Ramfay //^/i /).. Ra\ ncs. Re IVdrhafar Regis ED. Rf:ioy oj Adilham in Kent. R.v. Mr. Richardlon, E:!:.i}-K^-rpcr j, S:. NJartins. R:v. Mr. Riehardfvn, MiJIn-cf the Ef^ S.li el M lilaclv-Heatli. /J.:, John Rogers B. D. Rev. My Robert Rogers. \t'v. Af . Simon Rowc. /{r..,1/,. Pauld.-laRoquc. R.i.M>-. riiomas Rodd, Re:hy rfRid marley Dabilot ;); Woreclicrftiire. C.:pt,i!ii Taniied Robinfon. '".itt.vn Francis Rodd. U. Thomas Riih.ov.fon. \l. Patrick Ramfay. ■U . John Radhams. M' . William Rous. U. Sam. Rogers, B Afr':cr ,11 Rof. jIA.Rienard RiJer, U,.u:.iy,ip(y. .My. |ohn Rede. .Ml . Samuel Rulleil. My. Joieph Rex 0/ W'aterford. M. Vho.Rivif Waterto'ci;-; Ireland /I/r. George Renii}\.-(Ai7u ;/, Dubl.n. ;;• Ri^ht f/;ii. Thomas Eirl nf Stamf >rd. Ri^ht H ,1. the E.i.lif S lattesbury. Ri^ht H n. Joim E.rhj St.u're. iiRi;h H it. I'lionias £.1. / i/'Stra;:ord. jR-/'f //«. Tjlbot £.i:/crS.;tVev Ri;ht //.«. j],m Sv cden. ^"(V Robert Sutton, M. ,:■]}, B'itain ti the {on to: I'l Vi- ] imes S.ev art ',/ Go> R-:h //,i. hdward S.ii ;i-, Vr P.ulip Sydeii'iam B V, Jo m Stanley R .• . .Sty V.dv.. Symmonu B i-. Vji- WiuiamSr.t •)/ Tufrrftan B.it R :'■; Hi:. [ohnSmi'.ii Efq; Alexander S.wdilands .M. 1). Alexaniler Stev art .M.U- .W. Sharpe, - B.r'<. Air. Gilbert Stewart, M,i\h,tm in E- dinbiirgii. Mr. l>ihn Salti'/" Coventgarden, Atno. .I/,.' Charles Stone 7 /j.o/Hatli. l/i . R>ibert Si'ott Surgeon U . Edv in SamU s in Dublin. M. William Sotiieby. .M ■ lolni Smith, Mn-ih.int. / ./St. Mar- tin's Liidgatc R.'\ Dr. 'Tippen, f!f.7(j) rfCamberwcl. Ciiarles 'Thompron M. A. Ri'j. A/i. J> feph Trapp. CaftuiH tow ard Tyzack. Mr. 'Tucker (f Rye m SuflTcx. Mr. Riciiai d Taylor. Mr. William Turing r/Covent-garden. Mr. John 'Tonkin. Mr. Cornelius Taylor. Mr. Ralph 'I'hompfon of Highgatc. Mr. Thomas 'I'ooke, Jim. of St. An- drew's H-lborn. Mr. Nath. 'Thornc, BooltfeL'ir in Exon, Mr. 'Thomas 'J'liorhall. U. Right Hon. William Lord Vane. Hcn.y Vanderefch Efq; William Vaughan c/ Newnton in Wilt- ftlire Efq; John Upton £/jio/ Great Marlborough- Strcct. Henry VcrclA Efq; Cchttel Vans. Alexander Uiquiiart of Ncwhall Efq; Gerard Vanheytcftn Efq; Mr. William Vigor of the County of So- mcrfet. Mr. William Voycc. Mr. 'Thomas Vergin JVriting-Mnfle;-. W. t» Sir 'Tiiomas Webller B v . Hm. Thomas Willoughby /.//; M.ijirr rj./,(', ,;/\\ ade. ''M.ijiir Geitey.il W'iglitman. Francis Whitworth Ffj, iV,M.M t to tU I lil.m.l of iViibadocs I |ohn Walkinlliaw ./ W^kinHiaw Eff, •John Ward /•:/:/, 'Clirillophcr Wieii I'.if, Richard Waibnrti'ii if Timbcrtown in Ireland /.7y; Clement \V earg Efq; William Wentwortho/ W.dlis Efq; George Waddell £/,/, Jo!in Wi let Efq.'vHi' of hii M.i'r/l/( C'Un.il :n St C'lrillophers. John Wills n/ LiiKolns-Iiin Efq; \Villiam Waltcrc/Chatham, Efq; John WaHier Efj; Jihii Williams //; (/ Dylfryn-Alcd, lu.v Denbigli. Anthony Weltden Ffq; Thomas Wiiite :t. John Wolfe Gri:t. Thomas Woolly Gnit. C'hrillopher Widmore Gent. Iknj. Willoughby ./ lirilt ■'. Gent. Rich. Wafhington »j South-Cave Vorkfhire G(i:t. Lryan Whcclock OVw. Thomas WilkinlonOVw. Robe It Wood G:i:t. Thomas Williamll-n Cent. John Whilhaw (/ Grays-Inn Grrt. Af.. Thomas Wile if D. (/r!i>l.,:,t krR,r,.dH:S,l-i:>f tli.-l',in.tf c/Walts, .Mr. I . Watts (/ tie A.ampi.i 7'. Ohe. Ifaac Wari]uin ,ii:t. Mr. Richard Woolfe Meuh.int. Mr. Francis Woolley. A/i. 'Thomas Wefton of Greenwicli A/.. 'Thomas Watkuis. Af' . 'Thomas Wood. Mr. ]. Williamfon, Attomev in Dublin. Mr. (ohnWildman, Atton.e;. A/»-AV'illiamWeftA;.,uT. Af'.John Weems, Smgeou. Afi: fames Wilde, B'.uLfeLW in Ludlow. Mr. Ed. Wolley. BwlfLn in Wort«-ncr. A^i. 'Thomas Warner. Mr. U'atts. My. John Watts. Mr. Dabee Wells. Atr. William Wog.in. My. Daniel White cf Highgatc. Mr. Thomas Wilinott. Mr. Roger Warncn/ Chippenham, z*^'-. John Whormbey oj Clapham. Mr. James Winram, Hheiijf Clerk of Berwick. Y. Hi> Gr.ice the !o,u Arihh:'''''t' of York. vt John OpiH iL- 17 L).iUH't;no IJr, ^;i Aii.'lplnis Oughton llo. ]ohn Oliniu.s j;.fi; if-k'im.in OIniius Rlj; C.i'i. Humiiliry Oriiu-. Jameciih:im Elf, Cnailc"- Palmer ct LaJcbrool; Efj; lolin P;ii!;ip'. Eff, |ohn Peers Ef.i\ \N ill. Pitt /://;■ 'I'ho. PalT.ei- Efj; loiiiiP.iikei- /:';; XV. Madiw orth Pi-aedr/Freviniam FJ Fitz-\\'i!liam Plumptrc Elf, William PetfC Elq: z _rnv\>. Donr.crP.ulJv.nft^/^: } ns (•/ Leicefler el, Bo: |.!mt','. rriirj;] blarKwcli Pa: Efr; Maik'Pl.-dvvclW/Colel' Nathaniel Pa\ler£/y; RV-,'/./.V,„7 Eii.ftol. Gra.e th.' D:.L it Qiiccnsberrv l)>ver. 7/t /l/.iryvyr, DnQticfne. Ci^icen's-CoUegc Li'r .i ;. ,■..• 0\on. R. //■.' (7i-.h, //■. DuU if Ro:,b; /J;'/j( H II. Frederick E.irl i Ri}h. H.a-tle E.nlcf Rot'ic^. Ril.'t H,n. th,' E.r. / if Ri fcI-.-rry. Ricliard Rooth i'/ tpfom ///; Fcnjamiii Ri binfen £/(/; tdvard K'sixz^ Efq; Ralph RadcliiV Efq; MofesRapcr If j. Harry Radnc;,- '/:/;/; C'll. Will. Rliet't f / Soiith-CarohV.:. 'i'lio:iias Rcbe E'}i; 'J'ho.Stranc;ev a / . S.ini. Koaers, /i "(/r.;>- m jU. Ricliard Rider, LihUiJnipcr. Mr. lohn Rede. Mr. Samuel Riill'cll. Mr. Jofeph Res q/ Watertord. yi/i . "The. Ree ( / W'aterfo'd/V; Ireland Mr. George Ri:{\^ Khiflhr ,ii Diibbn. Ri^ht Hull. Thomas Eirl of Stainf.ird. Ri^ht H ii. the E.irl if S.i.ittesbury. R>:i,ht III!. John E.irl of Staire. Ri^ht H II. Tliomas £,/. / • f Srr.i:;ord. RrOn «-«.Tjlbot E.ii/urS.ille.v Ri;ht Hit. the E.nl .fS ir.wsbu Rii^ht Hun. the O'lmtcf 1 1' S.indw ' ,i. Ri^?/:t H II. George LiirJ S:. Georee. /}?/>///;.//./*.■ Li Sairon. His E<;ce/.eih\ A'.r..'H Solillentliall, Ei.V(i\ fivm Denmark. His E, Stran^ew . \ s Efi; j.i'm Shepard Ef: I'iiom.isShulli lol's /7/y; — Steven r.n £/./; "•nnet 5\sa}ne El'/; . alter SMtrr7 H.'.rdcn Efj; I '■<» S;x'a'-nn E'j; jn'.-is Smith Elf. lervafc Srrrop Efj; 'hiwas Sh.iirpc «/ Wanfe Eff, (e . Sambroke rl' Cecil-Street Eff. |..mes S-iiith £/y, ^>(,tiji,r Gour.d fj, Scotland. [ dm Scrimdiire Efij; |>:v,esS;r.Hit £/"/; [o.'in Shtigbiirc; (/ Durton ;/; W'arwick- ni:rc£//, John S:nall\vell Eh: M.ijhr-jDiie)- to h:: M.ij^lh. Henr\ Savilc Efj; if Metiil)-. [.imes Smart / //; .•\lcvander Strah.in Eff, 'I'iio. Siierigley if the do n/ Dublin Eff Gcorpc S.impfiin G.r Lii'! r. 07. J.->linSiiore\. R. : . D .Shippen, Ini-Ch.vic. (fO\Ud. Rti'. .Mr. yanies San\.av, -/' Pen/.,nce Re\.Mr. Spratt, A.iki of Roc.'ieftcr. Rt'V. Dr. Svdall, /'i;/tf;;7('/"ranterl)iirv. Rc-j. Dr. St. John RfJ'fff Vcldear.' Ri-j. yT/r. Steele, .S:v,-,U.//?., f/.S'/.Paiil\ .V./.,r/. Re-J. M. Shorthofe, R,,lrr ef Stanton Barn..rd /« U iltlllire. r?:-,c. RtZ.AE. Hcgli Slu rthofe, I.enurer kochford. Chclfey, iv..l (.h.q-iim to the DuL- Chandi is. RiV-M ./t /).'..M'wStubbs. /^■.v. D-.J. fephSmith. Ri-v.M.Sniith, Rcl.rrf Rongham. Rrj. M, . Smith if I.eictilcrniirc. Rev. Mr. {.Icorge Storey, R:^hr cf 1 tlevsorth. William Swanton of CombcbilTet Wilts Eff, .\rthurShepliard Gan. Blaiife-Heral.L Kcbinfon'rVi'ik£/^; ]Samncl Symonds Goit. and \er ,iA .. S^inire r/ Vorknure. M. Stewart, 5«-/;/i/,'o- iw Edinburgh. M . 'J'honias Smith. .n . William Saqg, Bockfeller in York. l7,.Smithur(i, BUfeiW ;« Pliinouth. ,U). Robert Sparke. .1/,. J.i.in Smith n/ North Wiitfhirc. U . Symmer, Bovkfller in Ediiiburgli. lA. Snerigley (;/ Dublin. U. . NVilliain Stearc. if Joiin S.ierv ill. 1/,. Richard Samborne. »/-. Saunders if Highgate. Mr Richard Standtiill 'B^dfellcr, -J Booh. Mr. j.iiin Snerrer. M . opiker. Mr. Peter Sahlgrcen. r. /J,>/..' Hn. thi E.irl if Tankervillc H II M ijor-Geiier.il Trekuvncy. Rnft Hjii. Richard Tighe Fff, cut of the /'/■•:» (j'lir.iil o/'IrcUnd. Samuel Tiiompfon EUj; Cholmley I'urner EJ [; Piii!ip''l'aylor Elf, William I'homplon Efq; J >hn Tolman £/.'/; i. Icment Tiuiwa) Efq; Moles Terr) £'7; J .IS rillard'f/ (/a Inner-Temple Tfj, Ralph Thiiresby if I.eed:> Etq; I'd ward rnrner Efq; Marmaduke Tonlial Efq; Ni h las 'I'rott Eff C7>:./ ^V^'u <:' S.nith-Carolina. Thomas 'I'omkins Efq; I'cmpeft Thornton £/!/; George-Lewis I'eilier, M.D. R:i. /V. . I'horc.Id, Ri'cl.ir ,/ St. Mar- tin's Ludgatc. R,-, Z) Tippen, /If./cfv/Cambcrwcl. Charles Tluimpl'on M. A. iR,v. .'Ur.JcfepliTrapp. C.iftr.iii Pdw ard 1") ^atk. \ir liickcr if R\c tn Suflcx. ,1/.-. Rich..id Pa) lor. .\1 . William Turing t/Covcnt- garden. .M . I.mii Tonkin. M, . Coriieliiis Tajlor. Mr. R.ilph ThompCon cf Ilighgatc Mr. 'I'homas 'I'ooke, Jim. if St. An- tlrew's H. Iborn. ,M. Nath. 'Ihorne, BjtLfL'er m Exon. /fr. 'I'homas 'I'liorhall. m m of '1 \.o na^ Rrbinfon r* Rocldiy /jy; |,l/i . William Sinitii MeTih.mt. RifhtHjii. Wilh-m /.()■./ \'anc. Henry Vandcrerdi Efq; William X'aughaiio/ Ncwnton r«U'ili Olirc Efq; John Upton £(710/ Great Marlborough Street. Henr\- WrclA Efq; OYw.'/Vans. .Alexander Urquhart i.f Ncwhall Efq; Gerard Vanlieytiftn Efq; Mr. William \'igor of th: County f/So- merftt. Mr. William V'oycc. ■ '/. . Tliomas Vergin JVriting-M.iflev. W. Ri;Jt H.ii. George Fail of Warring. on. Right H.n. the Couiitef, Doti.iger cf U'ln- chelfea. /J-^/j///«. Willonghby dc Brook, De.tii of U iiuKor. Ri?ht Rev. the LorJ B'jUp e/Watcrford. Ri^ht Hit. James Lord Waldcgravc. !I:s Em till ;;. 1 /,'.i J Wh it w on li, A'tiLif fid't E.xt.aordii:il>\, andPhnipoteiituii\ at theCoiifrefi t-.i te held at liruiifwick. RiXht H II. John Wallop Efq; one cf th: L'irdi rf the Trenftw. Rij'M //H.Edward \\f bier Efq; Pnmi- fal Se.retar) to the H Lieut, oj Ireland thenlliirc, Efq; Walter Waring Eff Edmond Warnttord Efq; E/.ekiel W'Mis Efq. o/'Lucknam ,« Wilt- Ihire, John Warburton Efj; Somcrfct Herald, "7 BooLf. Humphry Weld Efq; Thomas Wynn Efq; of Dyftryn-Aicd, ne.ir Denbigh. Anthony Weltdcn Efq; Thomas White Gent. John Wolfe Gent. I'homa'! Woolly Gent. Chriftopher Widmore (7iw. Iknj. Willoughby ./ P.rillol Gent. Rich. Wafliington of South-Cave in Vorkfhire Gent. Bryan Wheclock Gent. I'homas VVilkinlonG'cw. Robert W.Hid Gent. Thomas Williaml'on Gent. John Whidiaw of Cira\s-lnn Gerti Ac;. Thomas Wile I). D. rA .'K..',.' ti herRv^.ilHishuf thel'iiii.cf I'l W.tlLi. Mr. l.\Vi,.is ef the A^cni/t.irt'i Ofiie. Ifaac Warqiiin (/" New R.imney ut Kent, M. D. /:?i'..'V/;. Benjamin Wakefield, RcJhrof Eal't-Woodhay. Rez: .^/-. James Wotton, I'.i.ir r/ O ;- burn St. George, U ilts. Rej. yl/l. Williams, /'),/■<«./ li/'Cliichcfier. R, ; . Mr John Whitelide, " Re.jei (j the Mul.nim /If Oxford. R:v. y'V/. John Willis o/" Lincoln. Rrv. .A/'. Edward Wallyn. Ri ; . Mr. W liilller for NI ii\i..,'en V. !'■ 't II.. in. R:v. Ml . Wood. Ri-j. William Whiii> n M. ./. Rei'. .1//. Sairiiel Wright. Re;.. Mr JohnWillet. >?,"... William Weblier.U./. .\/..Jfcpli Walker, Attcnie, ,:.• Marl- b.)rouglt. .M . Arthur Wollcy, Mer,h.ii:i. .Mr. Richard Woclte Mtukiu. M . Trancis Woolley. ;l/r. 'Thomas Wcllon of Greenwicii M . Tliomas Watkins. M . I'iiomas Wood. Ml. J. Williaml'on, .iitorne\ in Dublin. Ml. [olin Wildman, Atr,ii,e\. ,Af,. William Weft A/r/u-r. .U.Jului Weems, Snri^eoii. ,M' fames Wilde, BvLfeuer ,n Ludlow. ■A//. Ed. Wollcv, Bniifn i« Worcflk Ml Ml .\t. M M . V\ illiam Wi'g.in, Mr. Daniel White . j Highgatc Ad . 'Th.-mas Wilmotr. ///. Rocer Warner/ Chippenliam, /l/i. J.'ii.i Whormbey oj t'lap'iam. Mr James Winram,\S'/;f<»/ Cleik Ekrw ick. Y. //,. G.-.i.e the lord Ar.hbi^j' cf York. John Vawle Ify. I]enj Ymmg cf I'lymouth £/"/; R(\: Mr. Arthur Youn;:, 1,7' Thames- Dittrn. .■\rtiiur Young Gent. Mr Bartholomew Young tf Kivi',- OiL'tre, Cambridge. Mr. .Samuel Vonpjj. Mr. fohnYarroM. Mr. Pliilip Yeo, Btolfller in Exon. Z. y^if. Charles Zouch A/. A. P'iiaff San- dal Magna. • I'homas W'arner. . Wart-s. • John Watt<. .Uabee Wells. '/ iV i.i mm New G E N E R A L ATLAS. INTRODUCTION. Tlje Definition of Geo^^r.iiihy. ' H I Word lircrally taU'ii lipnitics o;i!y a Dclcri;''- tioii ot tlic I'..irth ; b'.it Cullom, tiif Mi!:r.-l's rt" Lai!piiaf;i-, lus raw ^'ivcn ic a mi!c!i I.iri;i.'r l..\- tciir, lo that it takes in tlu- whole Tcir.uii:voi:s (ilolH-, as it totiiilis of l.an>l r \l U'atJr, „i:J l)y ccvifcqiii'iicfiiJcUulC'. Hy<.lr,ii;va|'hy, wirh all tlic Divilioiis and Qualities of the i>-i as w^U as ot the Larth, and an Ae^ouiit of the Air v^'liich (lirroiiiils thein. The Miiderns tiiulmp this Study, cvc:i as lo extended, nor ro be inflriK^tive and plealanc enough to all lorts ot" I'eo- plc, have thoiii;ht tit to rake m (>) much ot" Hiliory Natural, I'oluie.d and Reliu'io.is, as mig.'it more tiilly ar.hver thofe Ends, aiul make the Study aceeptable and iiletiil to Manki'ul i:i i;eiieral. As this Science is ot" (o lari^c a Compafs, there was a Neeeillty ot" bono'A'int; Uel[i from (evcral others, as t'rorn Al^roiioiny, I'ueh I'oaits, Lines and C;reles, as determine the Situation oi Places, with refpect to the I'olition o{ the Heavens tlie S.Ml'ons, Leni^th of Days a:-.d N'r.;l;t«, Climates, cj,. l-'roni (leomerry it liorrows the way oi taking the Diinen- fio'is and Diltanee ot Places; trom Anthmetick, the L'le it Rcquilire Kuinbers; trom Opticks, the Art of Reprcfenting this Karth, and itsDi- vilii'ns on a ( iloi>e or Piane ; and from Hiitory, the I'steiu ot ('ii.intries, witii their Prod.ict, People, (iovcrnment, f,an:;iiai,'e. Religion, Culioms, dTi. l-'rom lienee (imie A.ithors run out iito man)' S.i'idivnivins of (leo- craphv, as Allronomical, Clcometrieal, Natural, > 7.. which v.'ei;o;i'c at all thniK neeeilary, bttaufe they are cafy to be coneeiv'd by wiiac we lia\e (aid already. We lli.ill not tiierefore trouble tiie Reader witli any farther Account of this Science, than what is necilfiil for iitklerliaiuling thofe Things above mentioii'd, witli tiie general Nfaps of tlie Vv'orld, and the parii- ciilar Majis of its Quarters, and otiier Snbdi\ ilion^, which necJlarily iiicUide what is call d Cihorograpliy, or the Deleripcion o( larger aiul leiler Regions ; and Topoijraphy, wliicli is that of particular iJilhicts and Towiib, cTi. \/i brief jiccount tf the principal Gcogrrtphcrs, and of the Vfefuhiefs of Geogrjpbj. THIS Science mii'> ncccfTarily have been as ancient as the Planting and Divilion ot le World, as- we may |uiceive by the Sacred Hiltory : IJat after thar, we have very little Account of it ; toi- as ic was a Science, only a (c\v Perfons Teem anciently io have apply'd them- felves to it, and the Performances of the oldeft of them, as well as their Names, are now loll. It innll be own'd, thai the riuleavonrsof fucli of tlic ancient Ceogra- '7, iwi, i'mipnnr.i ,\ft'/.!, and *ie X:i- tiiiii Lis Aifjqui, C'l. which is oi.e of the n-.oA critical Works cxtart on thai Si.bj-Ct. For a ger.eral Introduuioii to this Xoblc Scier.cc, and illuflrai ig ic Philolbpiiic.dly, ror.e h.^s e.\ceeiied I \i>a!:i:<, tfi'eti..il)' as revis'd and correci.d by Sir //.'a.- A'.-a'.'(« ; ai.d the I.taiiiti' \\ or!a owts mi.th to Dr. L.l'HUfJ /{.:.'..)■, for iiis curious Performji cis upon I' me of the nicclt Parrs of ti.is Siibjecr. There are many otliers v.Iio iieleive Commenda- tion; b'.it thefe being of ci.i^f No;e, tne P..biek\vi!l c.scule us ticni na- mii'i; the relt, coi.lidering that our Deiigi'. is to be as bntt as poiiiDle. Si;ee Leavni;,ij cime to be re\iv'd, aiui Conur.erte ei'.larg'd, tiie Ule- fuliKis of this Seiei.i.e is fo uni\errally acLi.owledg'd, tiiat it is reckon'd a lort ot Difgr. ce, tor Perfons of any tolerable I'ii^ure, i.ot to be m lomc mealiire aci]. ai..:ed with it. Sovereigns', with their Miniflcrs and ir.t'etie.r Magifiratcs, find it nc- ceil.iry for Civil Cioverr.iuent ; and particularly tor ur.derftanding the l',;er.lts, Fxte:'.f, Siriiarioii, Weaitli ar.d S:rei;gtii of their own Domi- n;o:.s, and the fe ot their Neighbours. On this Occaiion I cannot but take Notice of fome pleafant Palla- ges, relating to the Blunders of publick Minillers and others, througli lg:;o;ance of Geography. The firli is, that an eminent 'Jiakrh Cour- t.er, when he lieaid that the lalt Siege o\ l''ici:i,.i was rais'd by J'^hi \.i':: '•, K;ng ot .' AW, t"ell into a great R.i^^^e againit the Kem/j King, Li-J.is \IV, for fullering thar Prince, as he llippos'd, to march througli Ins Dominions agair.lt ilie 'TmL. j\f. du I'l^Jjii, in the Pretace to his A'r.v Gi^i,:p/j\, printed at Amfimi.tm in 1700, takes Notice of a very p'.e.ifanc M iiake of an Li:x/iJ Ambalfador for want of this Science. Tiiat MiniHer, fays lie, beir.g at the Coi;rt of Ri.ri:e, when Af. BetLiii- cv:i:t, a I'niuh M.in, diicover'd the Ciiuines, then call'd the Foituiiate J .'.i,:.l> ; and Po '.• Ck'utnt V'l haiing in.ide a Grant of them under that Name, in 1 j-fj, to iiie C?o;iiit dc Ch-tniviit, a Prince of the Blood Royal of /•'.i/.'itai-d .■/.■.;, the /■.■/.;^A,yLmball'ailor thinking there were no other fortunate lilai'us bur thoie of u'c.it B t.int, left Rome in dilgufl, and went to acq:ai;-t his King, that tlie Pope had given away his Domi- nior.s. Nor tioes tin's Aiitiior fpare his own Countrymen for fnch Blun- ders ; but tells us, that ("onie of them, when they heard of a War about the Pom Eu:Jii, wonder'd that ic was not broke do.vn by one of the Par- ties, becaufe I'cut in their Language fig.iiti.s a Bridge. He fays that others, when tliey heard oi the Aljici, tool; ic to be the Country' of the Moors ; and v, li-n che\ hcai\l of C?c;;wi and L:iuii, they believ'd em to be lich /m//.;;/ Laiiies: Aiulhc mentionse\enfoine late Authors, whowrite of Ships failing I'roin the C.ifputn to the Eusinc Sea, becaufe they did not know that tliole Seas lia\ e no Coinniiimcation with one another and that there's a great Ridge of Mountains betwixt them. To return ro the Siibjeft, Generals, and other Commanders of Armiey, (ind this Study abfoUitely needt"ul for direc'ling their Marches, Encamp- ments, I''orr;tieat;o:-.s, Ci'. Divines find it ro lefs necclVary, for undcrflanding the feveral Religions of the World, aixl the Way how they are manag'd by thofe whofe Pro- vince it is to take care of tiicm. " nowinf u iNCW O 11 i\ E INTRODUCTION. T7;^ Definition of Ceo^rf.iphj. H r. Word lircrally tal.cii li.qnitic; o:i!y a Dcrfri;'- tioli ot the l'..ircli ; l);;t (.'iilloni, tilt- Mi'.r.l-) I't' LaiiRiia>;o, has now j^ncii it a miicli l.ir'.;cv I ,\- teiit, (orhat it tal.fs in th.; whole 'rtir..ii:'toi:s (ilolK-, as it cuniiits oi' I,aiul ind Wat^r, ,s.d l)y confci]iicncc incliii!c< Ilydriim-apay, wkii all the Dniiioiis aiij Qiialitics ot" the Sm as well as (it tlie I'.arrh, ami an At>;oiiiit of tlie Air W'hicli (iirroiiiuls thtiii. Tlic Moderns (iiidmi; this Study, even a' (i) <)ctcndcil, nor to lie innruiItivL- and plealant tnim^h to all forts of Peo- ple, liave tlionuht tit to take i;i (o much of Miilorv Natural, I'.Kitieil and ReliL;:o.i'., as mighr more tully a:.f\ver tliofe Lnds, ai'.d iiiul.e t.ie Study aei.ep;al)!e and iilcfii! to ManU:;d 1:1 general. As this Seieice IS ot io laiije a ConnMA, there was a NeeeiHty of boriowini^ Me!|> trom fevcral others, as from Allronomy, fiieli I'o.nts, Lines and C;rcles, as determine thv Siruation of Places, with refpe.t to tlic I'oiituvi ot the Heavens, the S-Mfons, Length of Day; a-.d NiLVif;, Cimates, o. . Vrom C Icomctry it liorrows tlic v-ay of tal.m'^ the Dimen- fio",s and Diltaree of Places; trom Arithmettek, the Ufe V.t RcvUiilirj N'linlKrs; trom Opticks, the Art of Reprefeiirins; this {^arth, ar.d itsDi- vili I'.s on a ( iioSe or Piane ; and trom Miltory, the I.\tent of (,'>i.;i;tries, with the.r Prod,;ci, I'eopie, ( loveriiment, l-an:;ua';e, Kelii^ion, Culurii;,, t7i- l'rv>m lu'r;ee limie A.ithors run out i iio nia:i\ S.;lidiv.ii.);:s ot' (leo- praphy, as Ai!roi:o:nie.tl, Cieomet .'atiiral, ' v.-hicii v.v tion't ar alt tnink neeeiiary, lieeaule they are K^i'y to be conceiv'd by \v;:at we have faid already. We (hall not tiieret'ore trouble the Reader with a:u' farther Aeevii;i;t of this Siicnce, than what is r.ecdt'ul tor iiiuierl'tandivi; thofe 'ri.i:;L;s above mentio;i'd, with the pcncral Maps of t!ie Ns'orld, and the p. v:i- tular Maps of its Qiurters, ami other S'lbdnilion^, which nec.ila ■!y incliid- what is call li C.'.uui'i^raphy, or the DellriptiiMi of lari. d leiltr Rel;;o■l^ ; and Topoi;raph\ , which is that ot pariicLiIar JJ.liii^.cs and Tiiw,;., .,■/■■•, /'/'Awii, l'i-mpr,it::', Ml.:, ai;d the -Vi- ii.m C>eoi;rap!ier, C\. were very conliderabie in ti;cle Times, tho'miicli Ihort o\ the Moderns, both as to Method and Pertl^tio:i. As Learning decay 'd, that Study was in a manner bury'd till the laft Century, when it was af^ain reviv'd. 0//cAi(> was one of the (iril who beijan to ^'ive it a new Life; after him, Ma.itor reduc'd it into a more connected Syllem. Cluioi/n oblig'd the Publick, by bringing' ic into a better Method, as well as by his iiicom-'arabie Doob vt 0'.,- W.W/.I, /;.;/..* and Sui/i.t Annqiu. Atter him, Buittin piibliiii'd his Lear- ned Volumes l)c I'li'iht U.l':s .Vnn.i, cr>. which have many curious Thini,'s, efpeciallv as to ancient (leojjiaphy, betwixt wliich ai.d the Modern he draw's Parallels. Buknt did highly oblige the Learned Woild by his 6".\5. .'/.';;.< Xunii but as to modern Geog..ipliy, .V,/,,/..; the Father, Geograp'her to Leiia XIV of /-'.jw.v, improv'd k mightily by his excellent Tables, and exact Diltinctions betwixt all tiie Domi.sions of the known Woild. They have lir.ce been corrected and enlarg'd by jM\ti, which has made this Study much more plealanc and eais' th.::i formerly. .Uiloii the StJii has alio rais'd very good Suifrilructiires on lis tiilKt'i I'ouiiJauou i anJ die Learned O^unui is famous tor Ins Nj~ tiii.i O lis /1iv:qiii, t't. wiiicli is oi.c of the n-.ofl critical Wotl.s cxtart on that S.,iij.Lt. lor a general Introdudtion to this Kolile Sci.i.ce, and iUufirauiig ic Philolopiiie.dly, roi.e h.-s e\ceeiied I .luii.r.i, ifjcci.dly as levis'd and eorrecLd b}' Sir //.'/.;, A'-.r.v/; ; ar.d ti:c l.taricd V\ or'u owis mi.ch to Dr. Ldwo.il ll.L.^y, for his curious Pertorm.n e'.s i; on f> me 4)t the nieelt Parts of ii.is Siii>jecr. There are many others v.Iio deleive Commenda- tion ; but thele being of ci.iel" Noie, tiie P.,b.iel. will exctJc us trcm na- ming the rell, Co; lidcring that our Delign is to be as brief as polhljle._ Since F^earni;,L' c.iine to be re\i\''il, aiiii Cuiiimerce ei.larj^'d, the Ul'e- fiilnels of this S iei.ee is fo iini\etrally acl.i.owkdg'd, tiiac it is reckon 'd a hrt of Difgr. cv , tor Pcrfons of any tekrable li^ure, i.ut to be 111 lomc mealure acij ai .lei' \u:li it. Sivereigiis, wiih Jieir Miniflcrs and infetior Magifirates, find it nc- cellar) for Civil (.io\e •r.iiien.t ; and particularly tor ur.Uerlbr.ding the L.;e:Mts, l.x:c:'.r, SiruatK-n, U'eaitli and S:reiiL;tli of their own Domi- nions, and till fe ot tiieir N -ighbours. On this (Jccalion I canno but take Notice of fome pleafant Pallii- ges, relating to the li!iii:ders of publkk Minilters and ethers, through ignorance of Geograph). The (iril is, that an eminent 'Tuikrh Cour- ier, 'y\ii:n he heard that the lalt Siege of f'i'/.'/„» was rais'd by jf'/.'« .S (';■ '', King of I'o/.iml, tell into a grc it Riif-e againit the F.ciuh King, l.::i!i \\V, tor futlering that Prince, as lie I'.ippos'd, to marcli throiigii liis Dominions agaii-.ll tlie 'Jud^. Al. du I'i.-Jn, in the Prct'ace to his A't'.e C\ i'i.///ii, printed at A>i:fii:id.ti>i in 1700, takes Notice of a very p'.e.il'ant M iiake of ati Ekk^'/j Ambaliador tor want of this Science. Tiiat Miniitcr, fays he, beir.g at the Coi.rt ot Rjk, when At. JletLin- i'.:<:t, ,i t'lt.hh M.in, iiifcoNer'd the (:.i,iiii\s, then call'd the Fortunate J .'.I,:,!' ; aid Po e UmMit \'\ having m.ide a Grant of them under that Name, in i ;.fj, to lae Count a Bridge. He lays thac ir.i'.er^, u':en tl'ey lie.i'd oi the Min\i, tooi; it to be tire Country of the Moois; .uu\ wlie.i they iieard of GVi/i'.i and /..'ki.^, they believ'd 'em to be rieh It.il HI Laii.es : Anil he mci-.tionscuM foine late Authors, whowrite of Slups iaiang trom the dfput.i to tlie Eu.'itin; Sea, becaufe they did r.or know that thofe Seas lia\e no Communication with one another, and tiiat there's a great Riiige of Mountains betwixt them. To return to the Subjeift, Cknerals, ai d o:her Commanders of Armies, lind this Study abloiutely needful tor directing their Marches, Encamp- mer.ts l-'ort.;ica:io:.s, 0\. Divines tind it no lefs neceilaty, for underrtai.ding tlic fevera! Religions of the Woiid, nt-.d the Way how they are nianag'd by thole whole Pro- \ incc It is to lake care of them. Tis 1.0 lefs ulei..l to tlie Gentlemen of the long Robe, for knowing tl",e Laws ai'.ti Culloins of all Natioi's. It IS equally neeetiary to Piiylicians, t'or knowing the fevcral Confti- ti'tiiins and Difeafesof People ; and v.-hat Piovi/ion the bountiful Hand of Providence h;is made for the Prelervation .md Cure of Ivfankind. liillorians, Poetsand Pinlofophers cannot be ignoianr of it, without fallii'.g into grol's and unaccountable Miit.!l,es; for no Part of Hiftory, or c'. en lb much as a G.itiUe, can be undcntood without it. Abo\e all it :s i.ilful to Merchants and Sailors, for directing thcra in tlieir Commerce or Navigation; r.or can Travellers by Sea or Land be without it, if thev lia\e a mind to reap either Pleafure or Profit by theii: Travels. Nay, the very Husbandmen, with o'dinary Mcclianicks, and their Families, muU be convinc'd of its Uiefulttefs, to inform them of the Qtiality and Product of the Soil which Ma: kind lives upon ; of the Air tliey breath in, and of the Waters tl.ey ul'e fcrDrinlc, Filliicg, Trading, and otiier Cunveniei-.cies of Life. B To A INTRODUCTION. To co'.iJiulc tliis Hciil, ir oiiqlit not to be cmitteJ, tli.ir as tins Science is luccil'aiy t.ir all K.iiil.s of Mc:i, from the Priiicc to tlit Pca- r.int, to It is bv ilic Boiiinv ot' Hc.ivcn more caly to Ik .n:.iuiil than maiiv otiurs tliat arc ot muili l.fs Ull- ; for it is tuw broiiglit to liich a tlcutic ol I'l.iinncl's, that no more i^ riiiuilitc tor iindcrHanilini' what Parts gt it avc uUtiil to Manl.iiul m general, than to be able to reaJ or hear. Of the Globe md 'VI mi ff hens. IT b:i :: row a;;roeil, tliat the Earth i". ot' a tjlobuiar Form, Artitici.il (iloovs are nu'Jle iile ut as the molt pr. OH ivlicb /hujiaiil Giles wcic inrmtcJ B.it before \vc prsx'ecd ar.y farther, 'tis proper to !;iic an .Account of the Grounds \^po^.^ wliieli t!:. In\e:,tion of th. I'e Artilieial tilobes v.as founded, and that the Reafons w.Tv taken from Allronomical Ooler\atio:-.s. When riil:!;!'.!\ Syflcm (which was rot re\i\"d till dpom^ui did it in the Kifteentli Century) came to be torijot or negkaed, Altronome;s, aceoriiint; to Vfhmi\\ Sylu-m, fiippos'd the l-.artli to be fi.v'd and im- movtv.Mc ill the Middle or Center of the World- Aceordmijly they t;iou>;'nt that thi S.m and Stars turr.'d round the L.arth I'rom \. to W. ni :4 Hours ; Then, agreeable to this Notion, tliey obl'eri'd, that as the Stars did I'o turn, tlie Circles they dd'trihtd were ::ot a' way s ot an equal L\te:,t ; that thofe w.'uch correfpordtd to the miiid'e o\ the l.arth, svere nii:c;i iari;er than thofc a: a I');r:a;-.ce from it o-, lirluT S;de ; and t.Kit tl;e yreater the Diltanee was t'lom tiie Middle, theCutas were the Ufs. They alio obferv'd, that there were two Points in the Heavens whicli b.ad always the fame bituation ; and thefe tliey call'd lJi\ from zGiak Word ■.vhich lifinifies to turn ; becaufe the\ f.rcy'd them to be the Cen- ter vi all the Celfftial Motions, ai-.d that the Heavens ttini'd round them. Thev obferv'd farther, that vlieSun at tlic F<]':i;'n\cc, whicli now tall about Mi. J' 10 and S live iKtwut the Equator, or at leaft betwixt the Tropick of (../;>r,.oi« and the AntaictK-k, Tlie G ftd and l^uin> the^elorc e\pref-.'d themlelves more naturally by ■,li \1. .1... ■,,■^\, wc reckon the Sun to lie South. tlie Words Mt id; and.'i'rv-t,";.'*, which lignii'y Midday or No«.>n, whca Of the Points Eiifi an.l WcP:. The F.aft and Weft in a large Senfe are moveable Point*, which the Sun changes as often as he does Meridians ; but thefe Points, proixrly taken, muft be underftood of the Fiterfettiv)ii of the F.quinocnal and Ht>- ri/on, on which when the Sun rifes, tlic Days and Nights are cf equal Length. The Laft is that Point where the Sun rifes, and begins to appear above the Horizon when he make^ Ins Courie upon tlie 1 qu.'toi, and theret'ore is more natuially cxprefs'd by the /..«;« Vs'ord Ou«ji, ^tid the 6'ni» «v2T;>.ii, which (ignit'y /v;/7\5. 1 he 'A eit is that Point where the Sun fets, and defccnds belcw the Hori/ ;n wlien he moves on the Eciuator, and therefore the Thing is mncu more i.atur.diy exprefs'd by the /..;;;/; Word O..;./.;/., and the C trk Iv:';, wiiicii ligf.ity ^'mg 1!. ;;«. Thoughtliefe two Points be inovcable in the Sen.fe al)ove, tiicy arc maik'd as fix'd at the L.stiemity of each Hemilphtrc upon the I .juatot; the L. on the tighr, and the W. on tiie left. Of tW f,ur Collateral Points. They arc fo cnll'd, becaufe they lie betwixt the Cardinal Polntt The y..i//rti exprefs them nioie i atiir.illy th.ui we, for they call the firft ( .r.iii yfj///vtt., or the Point near which the Sun rifes on the lorRcd Day of Summer, which anf.vtrs to our N. IL The fecond they call UuiJtiu A-.Jtivm, or the Point near whicli the Sun fets on the fame Day, whith ai-.fAcrs to our N. W. The third they call Uneiii //./rwofi, or the Point near which the Sun rifes on the fliurteil Day of Winter, which anfwcri to our S. E. The fourth they c.ill OurJ.ii> J/.Lf.im, or tiie Point near which the S.;n fets on tiie fame Day, winch anfwers to our S. W. Thofe Rilings ii;d Settings of the Sun, on the longed and fliortcft Days of the \ear, h.ippcn only wlien he has hisCourfe on the Tro- piel.s; upon whu'i, tl.ni;;ii tl.el. Collateral I'oints are .d.v. INTRODUCTION. TIjc Ufei of the ten PuiiUi. t. The four Cardinal and tour Collateral Points fcrvc to fiicw tis liow Coimtrifs arc lituatf with rLl'iKit to one anotlitT. :. Tlicy rcfjiilaic and lompolc tlic p Points ot the Wi^ls ii tii.' NJaniicr's (..iiiiiuls. 3. Actoui.ti^ to the Cardinal Points, the Worid i-, divided into tour priicipal Ke.uions or Parts, and the tour Continents have their Names from them. Tiie o!d World, or /.",•/,(/,, .•///.( a'ld .//■/>,< is eJl'd Lall; and the new WoiKl, or .-/w. ;.,/, the Wili : The I0..1 M.i<;,!!mh.i is the South, and '.he Ar.iick the North. 4. 1 he S. and N. Po!is,"l)v their Lle- vation above the Hori/on of a Plaee, (hew in u!iat Latitude that Plaee is liiuate, wiueii wi thai e\|>lain when we come to treat ot' the Decrees of Latitude. 5. The N- is the Point, towards wliieh all tlie (ieo,;ia- Khtis of our Nnrrhern lienul; hue are liipj'D'.'d to look aid prcj.Lt their laps ; for whuli K^alon tin.y either plaee, or ouj^lit to do (o, the N. on tlie upper Side ot t.iein, th; S. 0:1 tiie Ki.eer ; tlie !.. on the rit^iit, aiul the Vv'. 01 tUi Ltt. The y. mil ad Nadir f.rve, 1. As Pules to the Hori/on. ;. Th' '■ flicw us the C!oiintry wiierc the liluhuants are Anti|io.ies, or lue diame.iiially op.dhte, with their I eit one to another. Aiui, ;, they determine the .-V/.mu.iis or \ ertical Ciriies wiiieh all pal's thru' ilieiu. The tat '.iyJ.<. They arc confiJct'd, i. Lither as l'ar.illel or In.rcrr.vtin;^ each other. '.. As ^reat or little. ;. As rix'il or niovcaMe. 1 litre are li\e 1 t tiieni Paralici"., xj; the l.quator, the tno rruj ids, and tl'.e two Pi'.,;C.u- tles. Tlie live Intulcaing ones, ad which tut ore ..luulicr, ate tl ; Lcliptitk, the Hori/0,1, the NLiuliai, a:-.d the tvo C!nl,:rc-. (it thele ten Circles, there aie lis ijreat and tour titiall. The ti\ prcat ones are toe Lqiiator, the !-.elipiiek, the Hoii/on, the Meiienan, and tl'.e two Coliirts. The four little ones are, the two Tropicl.s, a;.d the two Polar Circles. Thi'Ujjh thele ti;. Circles Ik niark'il, as lis'ii in t!ie Maps or P'..ini- ipheresot the Cilolv', the llort/.ia ard the .SjLTjihati are thaiic;eaLi'.e, ac- cordiiiu io liie diseiiity o! P.aees we ^o to. Tlie eii; tt otiier'., ir^. the Li]ua:ur, tiic two Tropitks, the two Polar Circles, the Lthptit-k, aiui tiie tvvo C'lurcN areiix'd to all the Inhaliit.jits i-f the Lariii.and meet alwa.s at til. lame Plaee, let us uo where wc will. T"iie ijreaL C.irelesare ei|ual 111 bipntls, ha\e all the f.ime Center with the (iIoIk, wiiica they divide into two cji al I'arts, and cut oi.e anotiier into the lir>e. Tlie littic (ireles are untqnal, .ind have rot (o miieh Cireuir as t!:.' reft, beeaulV each ot them li:.\ e another Center than that ol tlie Cloee, which octalions tlieir cuttii)}? u into two uiieq.ul Parts. The Eqnatcir I< a prc.it Circle, ninally dillant from both Polct, and is call'd by that Name, lx.caule it diudes the C.iobe into two eijiial I'artv. 1; is alto (.all'ii the |-.ii.iir;Ovti.d ; beeaule, when the Sun appear- to move in It, he makes tiie IJays ar.d Ni;;hts of equal lenc;th 111 all Parts of the WorUi. Mariners call it the Line, by wa\ ot' L.\.cell;nce, as being tlie firll and pruicipai Circle delenb'd on the C>lobe. The I' (a of thi' E'lmtnr. I. As it divides the (ilobe into two equal Parts, it diftintT'iiil'^'s he- twixt the N«'r.iieni and Southern Hemilpheres. 1. It marks the true E. and W. whicii are eall'd the Lquinoctial Points to all tlie Regions of the Lartii- _ ;. Ik.-iii!' tiie hrit and chief of the Parallels ot the Latitude, it Lives to imd ourand reekoti the Latitude of any P:aee, whieli is its Diltanctf from the lu) .ator, as we adia: ee to the one or the other Pole, and ae- corkliii.ytv IS cali'd North or Sout.i Lanrude. 4. ic marks on the hciiptiek the two Points of the Equinoxes, throiiuh which the Sun appears to pais when he m.ikes the Da>s and Nii; its it equal letiqth, and di\ ides 'em mto i : Hours each, e.scept ur.d.T me Poles, Where at'tne lame time there be^iib a Day and a Ni^h: ot lis Months each : Stt tnat wnen a Day of li.s Months b.t^-ins under the North Pole, aNieht of li\ N! vithsbei^ins under the Soatn Pole, O wu vel.i. 5 It Lives 10 laew us, chat thole who live under the hqtator have nor only their Davs and Nights of equal leni;;h at tiie i: lumoses, but al- ways ; beeaiife their Horizon cuts into eqnal Parts all iheCire:es ssliieh the Sun defcribes each Day of the Year ; all tiie relt lun e iiieir Days aitd ^i^hts unequal ; but as they live nearer to or tariher trom the Lqaator, their Lquahty or Inequality is the i^'reater. ■,„• 6 It Ihews us, that when the Sun comes to the Lquinoctial Points, he mak-s Spring or Autumn to all the Parts ot the f.lobe ; but at dit- fercnt times, as the Sprinj; ro the Nortiiern, when Anti.mn to the Southern Hemifphere, C/"^ wa' W''- ,, ■, ia e 7 The tquator (hews on its Carele the ^^o Meridians or Deprecs ot Longitude, wliieh is the only Place u:,.ie they are cgual to the Degrees picks. Tlie Breadth of the Zodiack is commoiilv reckon 'd t6 Decrees, ^ll,. eight 0:1 eacli lide the Leliptick ; but our'Modcin Allroiu.mcrs give It ten on each Side, to terminate the Courfeofthe Planets; be- eaiife, beyond ten Degrees N. or ten S. the Latitude of no Planet ever readies. The Lcliptiek, as the Zodiack, is divided into 12 Parrs, and each Part into 50 De-rees, which, multiply 'd liy 1;, make up the 360. into whicliit IS divided. The Ufa of the Ec lip title. I. Lach Decree of it marks, near upon tiie matter, the Coiirfc wlucIi the Sun runs every Day. By each of the / : Parts, it (liews the Sign ami tiie Month; by the ;o Degrees of caeli Sign, it (hews the 50 Days that t.u S.in t-kes to run through each ; by the K'-'i Degrees, it fliews us the annual Cmirle of the Sun, winch is jrt^Dajs, (i.v Hours, and fomc- tliing nune, which r. iloiirs cnery tour Years make up a D.iy, which be- ing added to that Year, ni.d^c it coiitiii oi 566 Ji.iys, and is tjll'd BiJ- / s/.7c, beeaule the Ancients, on every tourtli Year, reckon 'd the (ixtli of the Calends of Mi.Jt twice; but the Moderns add this Day to F Degrees, (he nii^s through the whole Lcliptiek in aUvic ;;', Da>s, which added to the Sun's Mo- tion in the mean time is about i.\)\ Da,\s, or little lefs tliaii one Month, and between 1 : and 1 5 of thole NJonths do make up the Solar Year. 5. The l-.tliptiek (news us the Lclipfes of the Sun ar.d Moon ; be- caul.', inak;n'4 their Courfe upon_ this Line, but diftcreiitly, fometimes tl.ey are in Conj.itvtion, with relpea to us, and lometimes in Oppo- li.nvi, 1 he Lelipfe v( the S;in iiaprens when the Moon is in Coijunction with him, tiiat is, when the comes betwi.\c the Sun and us : And tl.c }.cl;;ie of die Moon is wi.en die is in Oppolition to the Sun, and that th.e l.arth isdireitly betwixt them. The lieiipfe o\ the Moon is imi- verl.d, ard all tliofe above wliofe Mori/on the is lee lier eelips'd; btit the l.eliple of th.Sun is particular, and o-.ly to tiiofe veliotn the Lirer- pchtii :; of t!:e Moon hir.ders ;o f.e him more or Icis ; tor all the rell, abo\e vi'hole Her/i>:i flie is, lee the Sun entire. 4. Tilt Lcliptiek being divided by the Lquator into two equal Parts, thai winch auunees towards the Nortii Pile, marks all the long Dajs of the Northetn Hemiiphere, and the fliort (n:es of the Southern ; and the other I'arr, wineii ad\antes towards the South Pole, does the like. With rdpect to the other Hemifpliere and outs. s. The Lcliptiek, iivid.d into tour Parts by the Coltires, marks out tl-.ree Si^n.s tin- each e^" tne tour Seafons of the Year. The North He- milphere has tor it- S'uii-g-tinie, Ana, T.iiiin< nv.d Gimm; for Summer, (.'.iiuc, l<<) a.nii /'.'.;■ ; for Autumn, Libra, \o;fi' and S.ignr.iiiin ; and tor Uin.er, C;". .'.wv/, A/;..i,'iii ar.d J'lJ.ts. An.ii i,,lt a:\ tne contrarv, ti.e lall three Signs make Summer in the South Hemifpliere; /.,i;!/, \o;/')n and .s',:i;.';/./.;.vi make the Spring; Caiiu;, Leo and I'l.gu the Win- ter; A 'C', I.VMH' and Unnim the Autumn; lo :hat when it is Sprintr in tiie one, 'us .Autumn 111 the otiier ; and vvlien Summer in tlie cw, 'tis Winter in the other. 6. It cuts the Terraqueous Cllobe into two equal Parts uncertainly; and obliquely in an Angle of 23 ',- Degrees with refpect to the Lquator and the Poles. 7. 1: deieribesby its Poles the Polar Circles. S'. It cimiprehends, by its Obliquity, all that Space of tlie Terra- queous t.lobe wliicii is call'd the Torrid Zniie. The I : Sig-'.s of the Lcliptiek are exprelVd by this Latin Diuicii : .V.'.;:f Afii<, 7'.tu>u<, Gemini, GiH.vr, l.eo, 11) go, L i- .If, SiVipiiii, Anihiiaii, Ciifei, A'l'f/ma, Pifces. Tl.f Xitma., Situuticn and Characters of the Signs are thus: Nortiiern. I. A. u ( r 2. Jau.iii V s- Giiivni X 4- Cancer s 1- Lto SI (. I '/( "0 •w Southern. 1. L,b,a A 2. i'coipio m 3- Sagittaiius f 4- Capiiibrrais y* s. A'jua, tus at 6. i''M> K The Kortliern make our longeftDays, ar.d the Southern thcfliorten-, C7 tdi' ■:o/.;. The Conftellations wliitii formerly aniwer'd to thefc Signs, don't to now, for they are near 30 Degrcx"-, or an entire Sign more E. than anciently ; lb that when we lay tlie Sun is in inch a Sign, it mult not be i;i derllood now of thole Coi ikllations, but of a 1 2th Part of the Zodi.ick, formerly call'd by fuch Names. 'Tis to be cbferv'd, that the Sun apfears to make (even Revolutions more in the Nortii than in the South Hemifpliere, where it makes only 179, but •'•! ours iS6, which proceeds trom the lAceiuricity of the Sun, that is, becaufe the Circle, which the Sun defcribes each Day on the I., h.is jnoLhei- Center than tlut of the Larth. 4 II I t'M[ lKlot\' wf I'loiwii at^\ t'.irthcr, 'tis ['Uij'ci Jo ;;nt_.lii Ai-Mi.t vl [Ik' CiioiiikIs ui'oa which tiic ln\ .T.rioii of tlmll' Artititi.il d'olvs v.is t'nrulcil, ar.il tli.it die Rciroiis w.U' taken tioin Allroiioimcal Oiii..i<.itio ,s. When r\tl:i,;.T.t<\ SWK'm (wliich w.n rot rt\iv'il till Opuiiifo Jul ic in tiu- lihccMt.! Icnturyl tame to Ik f'.n\i;ot or !iti;kLttil, Altro;iimitrs accoiiliMq to /> '/""m's S\licm, Inppos'il the l.arth to l.c ri\'il aiui im- movtal'le ill thv Nfulii'lc or C'tiiter ot the U'ovKI. Aecoiiimulv they t;ioi:|;!it that tilt S.in anJ Stars nirn'il roiiiui tiic larth tVom 1', to W. m ."4 HoiUA : Then, apreeaUe to tins Notion, they ohlen'ii, th.it as tlit Scars liiil lo tiirii, the C.'iicles they ilel'trikd were not a'\\M\ s ot'an tiiiul l.\tc;'t; tli.ir tiiofe wliich coirefpordetl to the miiikHe ot' rlie l.artii, svere nuit:! larger than tiiol'e ar a Dillaiiee t';i>Mi it on eirher Snle ; anl that the greater tlie Diltanee was t'roin the Miiidle, tlieCiules weie tlie lets. Thcv alio olil'triM, that there were two Points in thw- FIeave:-s whieli (,,,,1 |ni:iuiMl I'aiiiOiKe^ioi.b ut' ihc WotU!, Lail aiiJVUii. LJit North, i!i.i>:;li, Of ik r.i.f. The Points of tlic Nortli atul South are rctkonM immovcat.le. anJ arc the latne with the Poles, already mention'd, at the rw,^ I xrrcinitirt in' the Axisot the (Hoh.'. • , » ■ i i ,i . r .-l, That which u e tall the North Pole, was nam d An tick by tli. (rr-u, beeaule the i:oniicllatio!i Vh»vuo is m thtir l.an:;ua^-e tall d «,«r«. ind the Po'arStar is at the end ol tlie Tail ol that llonllcliatu.,, two IX-rccs and lome Miniitts horn the Pole : the /.-.«. .all d it \fui:in„, W.^Mk Ot the ^e^en Stars l-y whieli that Point is ditcitcd to, in the l.eleiiul t..lol>e. , .. Tlie South Pole vris call d .■ht:.:J..k, becaule it lie* m di.-cit 1 Oipoll- tion to the other. ' 't is known by lo'i;r pretrv la."RC Si.irs lome^vhat ludalwa\s:h,'i:inieSia:ation, :^^>li thel'e iIks calfd /,/,■, t'rom a f,' ..t l,k; a Crofs; t'lom v hence it is r.am'd the t hU/ , a!;d w.uJi ate ajouc Word wliicli iijjinlies to turn ; becatife tlies t..ne\'d them to be the (. ci- ; , Decrees t'r.im the South Pole tcr or' all the Lele'l'tial Motions, a;.d that the Heavens tuiii'd round them. Tliey obfeu'd taither, tliat tlitSunatthc f'q'nnoset, wlueh r..iw fall .-ibour M. ,1' I T and Snkr i :, did in 14 Hours deknbe a Track in the He..vens equally dutant t'rom tlie two Poles ; and this thev thoui;ht ini^i'.t be r.prelonted by a Circle, which they call'd tl-.c /J/../, ./.'.i/. H..>i;',^ aiio iil'l.,\'d that the Sun, t'roin the lo: ucit Day which row falN about the 1 1 :h ot ym:, ,to the (liorteti Da\ ss'hich row ta 's ahont tl:e iitlmt"Z)..i-v.'c,, .uhanc'd about o"e TXcrecevety Day tovards j certain Point i ..I'.d tiuit when he came t.i tlia: Po.::t, h: i.run'd Mwards the lint, as ".ow from th.e i itii of' IX. mi., to t!-.e 1 ith it' ^w:, , ard Ivi' ;; attain arri\ 'd at tlie ti:!t, he becan to remove t'r. m it a:;cni : T''-y (is'd tliole Poi-ts, which the-' call'd the .Si /.'•.. , as it tie Sun h.i.l m.;c!e a Itand tlurc ; a;.d tl'.ey r., relented thofe B.xirdarics of' the Su .'■< Movuvi by the two (Jireles, which tiiey ca.'I'd the /; puk , t'lom a (Jink Word whieii fi.unifics ro R.;;i v, bccaul'e the Sun ai'pear'd to reiurn back w!ieii he tame to tl-.nfe Points. Havi'"^ likcwde obfers'd the Nforion iM' tlic S'l". m.Te clofily, .".nd that as he tur :'d daily ro./id the K.irth, he remov'd from i>r appro.iil.M ti' t!:e Tropicks oblii]uely about a Degree e\ cry Day : and that m a Year's tini^ he deleiibM a Cuc'e in t :e Hea\e;;s, without dcMacinq from it to the N. or S. as the other I'!a"et^ did more or Id's ; they rtprel'ented tins Circle by i : C'ViivJiarions ot' tl-.e fis'd Stars whiwh appcar'd in or near It, that they might trace o;:t the aitntial Morion of' the S.:n and Planets : The'.'e Conitellations they call'd the 1: .V;i;).', as ^!arks to liifnn.gr.ifii whereabout the Sun was ; a^d the Circle they call'd the Z'lii.id; t'rom a C.tek\\ord l:gnit'}irg an Arim.il, liecaufe they lai:t\'d that thole Sipns upon ir did rcprel'ent the .Animals wli.l'i.- Names tiiey g.ue them, and ac- cordiiv.',!;. tliey painted them eitiier 1:; Specie or by pr.iper Hierogl;, jhicks : So that wi.c.hicr the Earth f"",s round, or is immoveable, be it the C-.nter of" the World or not, the .\n.iicial Globe equally rer\es all the Jc'tirjores of' (ico:;rapiiers. For the better underftanding of Terraqueous Globes and Planifpliircs, Geocjrapiier'. in.ventcd imagi',ary Poles, Lines and Circles upon tlxni, wiiich correi'po-.d with th.e lif,e imaginary o.-ics in tl.e Heaiens. And here 'ris pro;'er to obfctve, that fome of 'em arc fuppos'd to be within tlie Globe, and others are deknoM on its Surface, botli which we fliall here de.'ir.e, and g.ve an Account of their L'les. Thofc xvii['ui it arc, I. T/.r Quia. of tlie T'.is is a Poi;.c fuppos'd to be in the middle of the Globe. a;-.d equally ddlant fro.-n all Parts of us SLiruce, from wiucli Point all the Right Lints drawn on the Surface are Semi-Diameters, and equal! v dif- tan: from ail tiic c.sterior Points upon it. The L'lls of this Center, i. It is the Foundation and lialis of all tl-.e Semi-Diamtters. :. It is tiie Center of all the yreat Circles de- ftrib'd on the Surface of the Globe, and wiutli divide it into two equal Parts. Tliii is reckon 'd by the Vulgar to be the Center of the Lin\tile. II, The Dianiew-y and the three Axes «• Axlctrecs. Diameter is a Cuk. Word, that figiiifics the Meafure of anv thing through the Middle : Tluis the Diameter of the Globe is a Rigiit Lii.e drawn from the one Side to the other through the Center. An infinite Number of them may be imagiii'd, but Geographers fic- qiicn.tly content tiiemfeives with three, which they tall y?\f.. ^ Ihe lirrt, which points to tlie N. and S. is cull'd tiie Axis of the Cj!i,bc. Tiie f^Lcond, whofe Motion round the Pole defcribei the Polar Circles, is call'd tlie Axis of the Lcliptitk. The third, which points to tilt Zciutli ar.d Nadir of each Place, li call'd :lie A,vis of tlje Horizon. ; . Degrees from the South I'oie. • „ n As thel'e two Points are hx'd, they may ktter fervc tor all Parts the Globe, iirdet the Names of .•/».•/;.(■ and li.irihJ ; tor as to 1 Name South, which wegi>e the Antarctick, 'us only with rtl(Ht« to thofe who liK betwist the I.quator, or at lca:t bctwmt the Tropick Of ( . ,-.. and the Aiciick Pole, that we i:i:\ properly call it lo , imec the Noith Point ii that of tlie South to thole who live ktsvut the I oiuror, or at leall betwist the Tiopick ot C.ipyMii r.)d the Antaicfiok. 'liKG !i<< r\l l.M:ii' th.cietore csprefN'ii themklves more natuully by the Words .V. J. A-.d -'rxa •;.'«, which U^niiy Midday or Noon, wlua we tecke);'. tl-.eSi.n to he Sout.n. Cf tW Pii'ii' Eihl aid ircf:. The r.aft and Weft in a large S.nfc are moveable Point*, wliiJi the Sun changes .ts often as he dixs Meridians ; but lUtfe Points, pr.>ivr1]r taken, mult beiinderdooiiof the Ii'terkaiou of the h.o^uir.oiiial ai.d Ho- n/on, on which \vl,tn the Sun rifcs, the Days xnd Nights are ct cquil Le:u;rli. The l.all is that Point where the Si n rit'is, ai d begi-s t.' appear abo\e tlie Horizon wlicii he makes his Couitc ui'O'x th.e 1 qiiator, and t!iereui:e is more natuully txprcfs'd by the /,.(;(« Vs'ord C)'^<«i, aiid the 6'iui «■.**:>■*!, wi'ich (igr.it'y A.;,/).^. 1 he W eit is that Point where the Sun fets, anil deficnds below tlie Hori/.^nwhen he moves on the tqiiator, and therefore th.e Thing is much more laturalh txprel's'd b> the l.iun V'.'oril O...Mti , ^^vA the U trk ccf.;, w.ii'ch lig!if\ ;; .'»■.; 1.'.:.);. Tliough ihtl'e t'Ao I'oints be mm cab' he Senfc aU". e, they are m.;;k"d as (ix'ti at the 1 xttemi:) of each ii .liphtre iiptnithe l.>iuatoti tiie L. on the nglir, a-d the W. on the left. or ?''«• fur Qllatcriil Voints. They arc ^o c.-U'd., bctaufe they lie betwist the Cardinal Pointt. The I Av.iif exprei's them more naturally than we, lor they cail the lirlt ( uiiK .-KjInU', or the Point near whii.h tlw Sun riles on the lorgtlt Day of Summer, which ai'.f.vi.rs to mir N. !■'- The fecond they cili U.-.-Um A'ljr.if, or the Poir.t near wlhdi the Sun fets on the f..mc Dj,\, wimh aii.vers to our N. W. The tlurd they tall Ounti ll.U ,,in, or tiie Poinc near uliitli the Siin nils on the (iiorttlt Day of Uiiiter, which aM^crs to our S. L. The fourth they t.ill 0.,:J.ii< //tf,);m, or the Point luar which the S..n fets on tiie fame Day, winch ar.fwers to our S. W. Thofe Rilings >i:d Settings of the Sun, on the loi geft and flu rtc-ft Days of the Year, luippen o; ly when he has InsCoutfe on the Tri>- picksi upon winch, thougii thcle Collateral Points ar<. always luovuig, yet they are mark'd as iix'd ar the Place where the Tiopicis'arc cut by the Cnlure ot the Lqumuxes. For the Ule of thofe who lire in our Northern Hemifphcrc, the 'N. E. and N. W. are mark'd near the Tropick uf L-mu, and the S. L and S. W. near the Tropick uf C.ip.Hwn. PiUt fur thole who live m the Southern Hemifphcre, the N. P.. arj N. Welt are mark'd r.car the Tropick of Ufu.un:, and the S. t. and S, W. near that of Cw.- ferve, that our Zenith is the Nadir of our Antipodes, and jur Nadir their Zenith, & znt ^etf.i; becaufe our I'eet and theirs point mutually at one another's Zenitiu, as out Heads awj thciti (Juat one auothcra Nadiii. -ju \ mmrnrn^ ^^ . The ten (.itdiSy I) Tlicy arc c'onniU-i'il, i. I itlicr as I'aiMlltl or Iiircrra'tiii" cadi other. 1, As j'ri.'at or little, i;. As ri\'ii di iiimc.iMc. 1 litre arc In c . I tliem Paralli-is, ^u the Initiator, tlic two TropiU, ami tlic two Po;.iiC.ir- tlc<. Thf live IiitirlcttinR ones, a"d wiiicli cm oif .;iioriitr, are t! : Lcliptick, tliL' Hori/i);i, tlic Mcruliat, and tlic t vo Coiiircv. (it' tlicfc till Lirtlcs, there are lix 1,'reat aiul t'our linall. The fix prcat ones art tiic ['.(iiiatur, the Lelipuek, the Miiii/on, il.c Mc;iiiiaii, and the two Cohircs. The tout little ones are, liu v\o TrKjuel.s, ai.d the two I'olar (.irclis. Thoiinh thele ten Circles be mark'd, as /i^'il in t!ie Maps or Plan!- fpheresot'the (.ilobe, the Ho'viaard i..e Meridian ar^ i hanr^ealile, .le- tordini; to liie diverlity ot Piaees we RO to, The eii;iit otiuT'., i/i. the LMjuauir, the two Tropiekv, the two Polai C.iri.les, the Lehptitk, ami toe txvoC-iiures areti,\M to all the I'lhalnt.aitsi.t'the Lariii.aiid in..t alwa\s at tli. lame Plate, let lis ;^(i where we will. T.ie ijre.i t ;rilesare tinial in Itif^m.!-, have all the f.imc Center with 1 i i..x',[ l/i li> ihar ;;or i, nom i ; to i the wliole KipUv.1. Ill about :;', l)a\s, wl til in ill the IV an time is about j^', lJa)s, or li '.lie , liie in ^ lliioii'jji ddcd to tilt Sun's Mo- ld's than one Month, ami k'tweeii i : and 1 3 ol' thole Nlonths do mak^ up tlie Solar Vear. 3. The l.cliptiek I'lews us the hdipfes ot" the Sun and Moon ; bc- caiiL', iiiakiiii; their C'ourfe i pon thi< Line, but dirttr.ntly, I'omttimes they are in Loiij-; vtion, u ith rtfptct to us, and lonietiities 111 Oppo- li iin. The lielipfe ot the Sun lappens when tiie Moon is in Coi jniiLtion with hiin, tiia' iv, when Ihe tomes betwixt the Sun and us: And tl.i: l.tlij le ot the Mion ; .'lieti (he is in Op|'o(itioii to tiie Sun, and that the l.arth isdirttily betvvi.st thi m. Tiie I'.tlipfe »>l th,- Moon is mii- \erlal, and all tliofe above whofe Hori/on Ihe is, li.e her etlip.s'di biiC the l.eliple ot' tli.Snn is partieular, and only to thole whom tiie Inter- puhtiiii ot the Motui hinders tj l.e him more or Itl'ji i tor all the rcit, above wiiofe Horizon (he is, let the Sun entire. 4. The Ltliptick being daided by the l.qua:or into two equal Parts-, th.u wli.eli atUai'ti. . towards the North I'l le, marks all the loiiij Days ot t.'ie Northern Hentil'-'here, and tie fliort ones of tlie Sout.'itrn ; aiul the ( >lobt, Wiiicii they divide into two Cijial Parts, and tut oi.e anotiier tl.c oth.r Parr, which amaiitv.- tow....! . the South Pole, does the like, V .;h refpeei to the other llemirphere and ours. 5. 1 he l.tliptii.1, divided into t'our l'ar:s by tlr: Colnres-, marks out tlirte Si^n tor eath ot' tiic to.ir Seaioiis ol the Kar. The Korth Ue- milphtre 'as tor its SjMii ijtime, Am's, Ttumi ivd Gimim lor Summer, l.tiiii,, l.i'i and/7i,?i/i tor Autumn, Liljr,i, H^mfi'i aiul S.tgitt.niin ; ami tor Winrer, Ci-it.^in, Ajiut.iu^ and Ptj.'.s. Aiulj.it on tne tontrary, the lall three fcipn make Summer in the South Hemilphere ; l.ilii'.it \u.pioirA S.mnt.i,:!/' make the Spring; ( hiiuy, Leu and I'l.i^u tl-.e Win- ter; // .'!■', 'J.imu' ami (.ninmi the Aiitiiiniii lo that wlien it is Spring in the ore, 'us .•\iitiimn 111 the other ; and \Uieii Summer in the one, 'tis Winter in the other. 6. It tuts tlie Tt rraqueous Globe into two equal Parts uncertainly; and oblnii.ely 111 an Angle ot 23 \ Degrees with rel'pett to the Lquatot and the Pvles. 7. Ir deitribesby irs Poles the Polar CircKs'. S. It tonipiehends, by its Obliquity, all tlut Spucc of the Terra- queous C.lobe whith is ^all'd the Ti)irid Zmie. The I : S:l;s of the l.eliptiek are exprtlVd by this I it:d Diftich : S' * .4ri(<, I'.iuiu-, Gemini, L.iiur, Ixo, I'l'gi^, I ...i'];Sa,piiii, Aiiihiicr.i, CiJ-ti, .■liiipliuni, J'ljus. T't Kii'iHiy Sittuiticn and OaraiUn of the Sigtu are thus: into the liKe. Tlie little Circles are iintq'ial, ;ind have nor H) much Circiiit .is tl.e red, bevauleeath ot them hwt .iiiotlur Center than that of die Olujt, wiiith occal ions their cutting it into two iineqiul Parts. The Equator T< a great Circle, equally diftant from both Poles -T'll i"! «■••>"'»' ^y that Name, bttaule it dnides the (llolie i'lto two ti; lal Part^ I; is alio eall'ii the lM|,ii'-.o.tial ; beiaiile, whei the Sun ai'p.-ji'" to move in it, he makes tae Days ard Niijhis of equal luigrh in all Parts ot the WotUi- Manners tall it the Line, by wa\ 01 i..\.ceUenu', as being tli^ firll and prineipal Circle delerib'd on the dlobc. 7/v l'(*i of iW lujtintnr. 1. As it divides tlie ('.lobe into two equal Parts, it dillir.guiflies be- twixt tne Nor.lieni a,;d Southern Heniilplieres. J. 1; mjiks tlie true t. and W. wiiitii are tall'd the Lquinoc'tial Pouus to all t.ie Keu.o IS ot the Lam. ;. IWing the hrit and chief ot the Parallels of tlie Latirnile, it Lives to tnd out and reckon the Laiiauieot an\ P..ite, vviiieii is iis Dilhirtc from the L'j uior, .is wt ada te to the o:..- or the other Pole, and ac- cordingly IS cali'd North or Smtli Latitude. 4. L marks on the teiiptiek the two P»unts of the Lq linoxts, throni,'li_ which the Sun appears to pais when he ni.ikes the Da\ s and Nig us it equal li-nuth, and di\ idis 'em into 1 : Hours eaih, e.siepi ui.d.r tne Poles, witere a: .ne lame tune there l>ei;in a Day and a Nigh; or lis Moiths each : S« t.iat w iic-i a Day of lis Mont. is b.gins under the North Pole, aNight ot h\ M inthsbegins under the S).i:n Pole, O '^ue le l.i. S It Uiw>-... Ih.-w us, that tuijl'v wl.o'.iieu.d.rthe Kqi a:or h.ave not only their Da', s a id Ni';hts ot equal le^g.li at tii. P. ] li.osev, b"t al- ways ; b-eaufe their Hori/on cuts into ei;.:al l'.u:s all the I ire es sihien the Sun dill ribts each Day of the Uar ; all :lie reii hau- tneit Da>sa o Isights iintqiial ; but as they live nearer to or faniiei Uoin tlie Lii ...01, their Lqiialuv or Inequality IS the greater. 6. I: (hews iis, that when the Sun t\.mi's t.i the F'.quinoctial Points, he makes Sprin.; or Ai:tumn to all the Parts oi the Idobe ; bu: at dil- fercnt tiniis, as the Spring to the Northtru, wiien Auti.mn to the SoutluTii Utinili-h.re, iJ --i.f :<■/.'. T '1 lie Lquator (hews on its tlirdc tlie ;fcj Meridi.tns or Deirreesoi Lo'rgitude, wluch is the only Plate where they are equal to the Ut-rees of i.atinidc. . Its Circle, it determines the Natural Day ot 24 Hours Northern. Souther;!. I. A' It < r I. lb,, I at 2. •/.i:i.lli tf 2. ,\i"iplO »n ■s* G. . Ill s I- Siigill'iiiUi t A- L.:,:.o- S3 4- C.iprU'..,.:ii V s. Lj s\. \. .-/r../ /.vi es (. I -..go •« (: i,/... K 8 Upon le ro move is Degiees in an Hour ; u\^ the Number ot i:s D.-grces ^c.i. tne lo tnat ;4 muUi ;■.; i.|. It Icnarates the Sun apptari by 1 5 maki.s ^ bv luttini' tne Zodiack into two equal Parts, Mcrthcrn from Cx Southern Signs, and divides betwi.xt the long and the fliorc Days. 77'f Zodiack and the Eclil'tuL The Zodiack is one of the great Circles. We !uve alrcidy accounted tor that Name, and mult obferve, that it is alio tall'd th. (K..ique Line. ind the Ltlirt.tk. It IS tall'd 0^1.^'^, betaule it lies lo witli relpect co svhith cuts It at (X)lique Angles ; and it is tall d L .-/""<■, for a the tti'.ator, , . , , becauU' the Lclipl'.s ol the Sun and Moon happen in it The Zodiatk is the only Ciitle in the t.lol.j w afhgn'd it ; but the Ldiptitk, which lies in the muldli the Couile 01 the Sun. is all that's mark d by Ceo,. . Oli^Us and Pianiiplietcs, by aUule equally diuM Jiom thw t\so iro licli has Hrcadrh of ir, and (hews raphcrs on their Tiic N'ortlicr". make our lon.gelt D.i\'i, ar.d t!ie Sorthern the fliortcH, Cir -. hi- '.,-/..•. Tlie Con.lkllatioiis wiiiiii fonnerl)' anf.ver'd to tliefe Signs, don't io now, for they are near ;o Degree'., or an entire Sign more E. than anciently ; fo that svhen we fay the S.m is in Uith a Sign, it mult not be i.rderllood now of thole Coi lldlatu i.s, but of a iith Part ot the Zediatk, formerly eall'd by fuch N'anis 'Tis to be f bferv'd, that the S.m ap|tars to make feven Revolutions more 1:1 the North than in the Soutii HemilVhere, where it makes only I -.^, but in ours iSC', which proceeds from the lACeiurieity o'i the Sun, i'..d: is, bccaufe the CitLle, w.nch the Sun deftribcs each Day on the Lelipt;ck, has anodic r C.ntet tluu tlut of the Lartii. The Tiopi.ks. Tiiev arc two fniall Cirdes dcfcrib'd by tiic Sun at dilK-rent Times, and arc equal and parallel betwi.st themfeh es and parallel to the Lqnator.froni winch thev are equally Oillant 23 Degrees ar.d J. Having :>lready aciiH.ntcd for the Names, we go on to oliicrve, that the Tropick, vdiidi IS on the Nortii lide of the lquator, is cali'd by the Name of C'.Wivr, bccaule it is toim'u at the firit Point of that Sign. It is the Summer Tropick to us, and that of tie W inter 10 thole who live in the South Hemilphere. The Tropid;, South of the Lquator, is cali'd by the Name ot Cj/»i- fciH, bccaule forni'd in the rirll Point ot that S.gii ; and is the Summer Tropick to the South Hemilphere, as it is of the Winter to us. Thefe Cirdes are alio cali'd Soillices, bccaule the Sim advances fo little, when he approaches or amoves from the Tiopicks, that he Teems for fome time to hand (till ; i"o that neither Days tier Nights Cenlibly in- cteal'e or diminilh, but continue iu tiie fame State for icvvul Days. Dr. Iiii!.'ef i I I fti I o rv«. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) % -^ Zs ^ 1.0 I.I Uiim |2.5 ■50 "^" IM^HI li^ ill 2.2 .»|20 6" 1.8 L25 iU 11.6 y 73 / ^. fK J> # •'V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WESSTER.N.Y M580 (716)872-4503 L« ^0 I '\ INTRODUCTION. Bd'ey Tayj, the DItVeiencc is fcarccly fcnfiblc from five Days before to five Days after. The Ufe of the Troficks. I. They include a certain Space, beyond which the Sim never paltcs, and in this Space he appears to make his daily Courfc by a fpiral Line, in advancing towaids the one or tlie other Tropick. z. They mark on the tcliptici; the two Points of the Solllices, which give us the loiigfft and fliontfl Da\s in the \ear; that of Cimci- gives us the loiificit, and tliat of Qjp'icci! the Ihorteft. 5. Their Diilance from the Equator marks tlie gieatell Dechnation of the Sun towards the one or the other Pole, at ; 3 ; Des^rees. 4. \hey inclofe and feparatc the Torrid Zone from ilic TL-mptrate ones. Tl.'e Pohir Circles Are two fmall ones, whicli the Poles of the 2odiack or the Ecliptick dcfcribc, round the Poles of the World : Tiiey are equal and parallel betwixt themfelvei!, as they are parallel to the Tropitks and the Equa- tor, ar.d are ;; \ Degrees diftant from the Poles. Tiiat round the North Pole is call'd the Aritick Circle, and that round the South Pole the Antjr^tick. Their Ule is, i. To I'lew us the Track of the Poles of the Zodiack or Ecliptick. 2. They inelofe tlie cold or frozen Zones, and feparate t'.iem from the temperate. 3. They inclofe the great Climates, where they have the longelt Days and longeft Nights of feveral Months, and feparatc them fiom the fmall Climates. The CoUires. They are two great Circles, which cut one another at Right Angles, in the two Poles of the World. The Name is deriv'd from the Greek Words M>.vi> and «'p»i whicIi fignify cut into Tails or Angles. The one is call'd the Colure of the Equinoxe:;, bccai;fe it c.its the Equator and the Ecliptick at the two tirlt Points of Aiic> and Libr^i, where the Equinoxes happen. The other is call'd the Colurc of the Solilices, becaule it cuts the Ecliptick and the Tropicks a: the firft Points of Caiue,- and Ctfinoni, where the Solftices happen. As thofe two Circles are entire Meridians, the Colure of tlie Equi- noxes is fomctimcs mark'd on the Terraqueous Globe by the firlt Meri- dian whercvi-r chat be pht'd. And thefe tuo Colures cut the Ecliptick cf the CcltUial '"'obe into four equal Parts, and mark the four Points viiere the four Scafons of the Year begin. The Ufes of the Colures. In the Northern Hemifphere, the Colure of tlic Equinoxes m.itks the Equinox, or the beginning of the Spring, at the bin Point of .'l.ief, about the icth of Mini); and the Equinox, or the beginning of Au- tumn, a: the firlt Point of l.tka, about the 12th c( StpttmLr. And the Coiure o\ the Solftices marks tiicSoIfticc, or the beginning of tlie S;un- mcr, at the firft Point of Ovuer, about the loth of "Juiu ; and the Sol- fiice, or beginning of Winter, in the iirft Point of Lapruaii, about the loch of Diccwkr- But fortiic Southern Hemifphci', it is ji'fl the Revcrfe, bccaufe their Stafons are contrary to ours, as has been cbferv'd already. The horizon Comes from a Gie^k Word, which fignifies, to bound or terminate, l.ccanfc it bounds our View. 'Tis divided mro two, vii,. tlie Scnfible a'ui Rational. The Senlible Hcri/.on is that wi-.ith bounds our Sight wl.cn abroad in the Fields, 6"i.. and feparates that part of the Sky and Earc'i which we f.e from what we do not fee. Ti.e Rational Horizon, bi-ing onl)' what weco;xeivc by ourReafon, )•• a great Circle par.nllel to tlK termer, whofe Center is that of tiie Ter- raqueous Globe : Its Poles are o:.x Zenith aiid Nadir, round wliich It is d'jfcrib'd, and it divides the Heav'ns and the Eatth into two llcmilpheres. Tl'.e Horizons chai'.ge as we change Place, and therefore may be r.iMnb.rlefs : I3ut CJeographers coi.fiiie them to three forts; the (irll is the Kighr, whicii has its Zi.nith in tlu Eqi:ator, palles th.ouqhthe four Caitii al Points, and cuts the Equator at Right Angles. 2. The Ob- lii[ue Horizon, whofe Zenith is betwixt the Equator and one of the Polci, a.-.d cuts the Equator at Oblique Atigles. 3. The Parallel Ho- rizon, wliich has one of the Poles for its Zenith, and the Equator for its Jion/o:-.t,-il Circle. The Right Horizon is that of thofe who live under the Equator. The Oblique is gent-ally for thofe who dwell betwixt the Equator and one J f t.'ie F.) ; tl:e fliil Spiin;,', tiicnce ro the firft Djg. of I.iliui, M'liib II : The fecond Summer, tiience to OJ- i: ; the fecond Autumn ends Dec. 1 1 ; tlie fecond Winter, Jll/,: >j ; their fecond Spring, Miinh 1 1 . Tlie Places in the Northern half of the Torrid Zone end Autumn, and begin Winter, D... ii. the S.in iiaving then the greateh NlLi-iuiaii Dillance from their Zenith ; but tiiey doii't begin and er.d Sum:!ier and Spring, nor begin Autumn at one and the fame, but at dinerent Times ; for tlieir Summer beginiung when the Sun, rorurni'ig from tlie (iifr I)wg. of dipyi- cotii, becomes Vertical, whieli Is at diiferent Times, according to their dirterent Latitudes, it mull commence differently with regard thereto. The end of Summer and beginning i\v a Temperate Air, efpeei.'.lly about tlie Middle ; f r m the Lxtrem.tiev they partal.e of the exeeline Heat of the Torriil, ai'.d of the exceili\x Co.d ot the I'ro/eii Zones, in proportion, as they li.' near the one or the otiier. The Temperate /ones are bounded by the Tropicks and tiie Polar Circles. Thai lieiwixt the Tropiek of C'.wcT and th; Circle of the North Pole, is call'd Northern ; and that betwixt the Tio^'iek of Ctpnan and the Circle of the South Pole, Southern. Lach oi 'em contains about 45 Deg. oi Latitude. 5. 'I'hetwo(okl iir !"io/en Zones lie betwixt the Polar (' rcles and tliJ Poles, or rather are included within the Polar Cnre!es wii.cii erclole them, one round the Noaii, and the other round the South Pole. Tliey areeallM Pro/en, becaufe for tiie greatell part of the Vear they are ex- treme told, and every thing free/xs, el'pecially when the Sun appears li..t little, or not at all above their Horizon. Latli of them contains aL-,r,ic 15 l)eg. '. of Latitude. ' 'Tis'eafy to aetoiint for the Breadth of each Zone, by reekotiing 60 Geographical Mi'e^ to a n;'.;rce, thus : S.wf'H }:iii- ill liis Int od.xtion to Lieograpin , printed a: .4 r:' tdim in I -oS, lavs. The '1 orrid Zone has 1171" comlniin / , ciA Leagues in bi eadth. which at :4J0 Ceometneal Paces /■f. League, is The N. Tcin(xrate Zone 1-75 Leag.ies The S. Temperate Zone the like The N. Frrzen Zone, 587 ; Leagues Tlic S. Frozen Ziine the bl>e 1580 1419 1410 M.ies U It the Length of the Circuit of the Zones is not (: i(5o3 Miles which makes ^ ) At its Extremities under tlie Tropicks, the Circuit 'satj^Soa little more than 8250 Leag.ies j The N. Temperate Zone has the fame Circuit as the laft) he Tropiek, but about the middle in Lat. 45, 15:40 iiiuler the ^ 1 5 -43 ii58o 4445 4440 has only about (>\^o Leagues And at its Extremity, under the Polai Circle, it 5^75 Leagues The S. Temperate Zone, the like under the Tropiek And under the Polar Circle The K. Frozen Zone under the Polar Circle is Its Middle is only about 18s i Le.tgues And its Extremity under the Poles ends in a Point The S. Fro/en Zone has the like under the Polar Circle Its Middle is only about 185-1 Leagues And its Fxtreinity under the Poles ends in a Point By this the Goodnefs of God may be feen, in ordering it fo tliat the far greatell part of the Earth may be comfortably inhabited. 'Tis to beobferv'd that none of the Zones is yet perfectly difcover'd. The N. Temperate and ths; Torrid 7.ones are better known than the reft. Nothing of the S. Temperate Zone is kr.own, but what lies in our Continent and in America. Some lllands and Coalls of the N. IVozen Zone are known, but wc have yec no Knowledge ol an) Countries m the S. i'rozcn Zone. To fum up the Matter, and to (hew what Proportion each ol the Zones bears to the Surface of the Earth, let us hippole with Mr. &;fx, that it is divided into equal Parts 5 2=> The Torrid Zone contains of thofe Parts 207 Both Temperate Zones . . -1^ And both Frigid Zones ^ ' , , ^ . r, 1 ', r The fame Author gives the Dimcnfions of each "one in Kw^//,, j Iquarc Statute Miles, of 69 \ to a Degree, thus: The Torrid Zone 4K474?2Sf<[7 l'..ich Temperate Zone 27o^;57I'j^;; 510 bitants of tiie Frozen Zones Ptrifui, from a Greek Word which fignjfie.? the Sh.idow's going round. Thofe of the Temperate Zones they call'u Hiii-'(Jiii, which (igniries, that their Shadow lay only either North oc South ; and thofe of the Torrid Zone they coAi'dAmpbifai, which lig- nify'd that their Shadow at different Times lay both ways. Reafon and Experience have iince prov'd, that the Inhabitants of the Torrid Zone are Afur, or without Shadow at Noon, when the Sun is vertical, or 1 i ;ht over their Heads ; and chat when he is otherwife, thofe under the Tropieks have their Shadow always on one Side j whereas '.lefc have it fonietiines on one iide, and fometimes on t'other. Therefore the Divilion of the People, according to their Shadows, was more e.xaetly made into Penjai, Heterofiii and Aftii, which they fub- di\ided into Allii-Hetcrufdi and Afiii-AwpiJc/j/i. The Pc-ifai, or Inhabitants of the Frozen Zones, arc divided into three forts, i. If any live under the Poles, they are always Penjiii, and their Siiadow turns round during the fi.x Months that they have the Sun continually. 2. Thofe under the Polar Circles have their Shadows turn'd round only when their Day is 24 Hours, which is their longell. 3. The Shadows of the reft turn round for fevcral Days, Weeks or Months, ac- cording as they are nearer or farther from the Pole. Thofe under the Pole liave* their Vear divided into a D.ty and a Night of lix Months; and all the Pe,ifiii in general have only one Summer that is very mode- rate, and one Winter that is very cold. The IL'tc'fcii, or Inhabitants of the Temperate Zones, have their Shadow at Noon always towards one of the Poles. Thofe of the Nor- thern towards the North, and thofe of tlic Southern the contrary; and the Nights and Days are always unequal, except at the Time of the Lqnino.x. The Afui, or Inhabitants of the Torrid Zone, are of three forts, i.' Thofe directly under the Equator are twice a Year v/i:hout Shadows, a^ul all tiie reil of the Year they are Amp/jifc/i, and have the Noon Siia- dow the one way or t'other, according as the Sun moves to the North or South of the Equator. 2. Tliofe who live betwixt tiie Equator and the Tropieks are al/b twice a Vear without Shadow, and the reft of it, their Shadows turn either one or t'other way ; fuch as live near the Equator have alfo two S. miners and two Winters, but the Seafons terminate in one of each, in proportion as they approach the Tropiek, and their Days and Nights iu'.e more of an Equality, according as they lie nearer the Equator. ;. Tiiofe who li\e uiulvr the Tropieks are never Afai, but liave al- ways a S.'iadow at Noon, except on the Days of the Solllices; all the reit of the Year they are Hctirnfi/r, and call their Shadow at Noon on one Iide, and they have but one Summer and Winter. Thus the three forts of AJhi abovemention'd, with the Haerrf,!!, and the three forts of Penjlu, give us fevcii different forts of Habitations, according to the Sliadows upon the Surface of the Eartli. ^Di-jijion of the Surface of the Terrefirial Globe., by the rojition of its Inhabitants. THE Inhabitants of the Globe may be diftinguifh'd into Periocci, Aiuaii and A)itipcf t.'ic Poles ; and the Parallel is only for tliofe wiio !i\e directly i;njer the Poles. The Ufa of the Horizon. 1. Tlie Rational Horizon equally divides the Terraqueous Globe into the upper and lower Hemilphcre. ;. The Senlible Horizon fliews liS tile Ler.gth of the Artiticial Day, while the Sun makes its Courfe upon it ; and the Length of the Artilicial Night, wiien the Sun is be- low it. Tliofe who have the Right Horizon live under the Equator, and have their Days and Nigiits continually of equal Length, as lias been already faid. Thcfc under the Poles, who liavc their Horizon the fame with the Equator, have tiieir Days and Nights of iix Months e.ich. Tliufe whofe Horizon is oblitiue lia\c tiie Equinoxes only twice in the Year, all the reft being unequal, in proportion to their Dilfance from the E^juator, and the Elevation of the Pole above tl-.eir Horizon. lietwixt the Equator and the Polar Circles, the Days ir.crcafc from i: Hours to 24, becaufe thofe who li\e under thoie Circles iiave their ij in 24 Hours above their Horizon. Betwixt the Polar Circles and the Pole, th: Da) s incrcafc alfo in proportion to the Su I's continuing above tiic Horuon, from one Day to lu Moutb. the Polition of it is left arbitrary. The ancient Geographers, conddering that the Meridians fcrv'd to meafurc the Length of tiie Earth, call'd them alfo by the Name of Cir- cles of Longi-ide, and plac'd tiic firfl Meridian at the Weft Extremity of our Continent ; from whence they began to count Eaftward tlic 560 Meridians, which we Ihall explain when we come to defcribc Longitude and Latitude. The Ufe of the Meridian. Each whole Meridian divides the Globe into two Hetnifphcres^ Eaflcrn and Wcftcrn, of which thofe divided by the firft Meridian into the Eaftcrn on cur Right, and Wcilem on our Left, are prefer'd by Geo- graphers to reprcfent the Terraqueous Globe on a Planifphere. 3. The Meridian helps us to gain the Height of the Pole, and the Diftance of any Place from the Equator or Latitude; becaufe tlie Arch of the Meri- dian betwixt the Equator and the Zenith, and the Arch of the fame Me- ridian betwixt the Horizon and the Pole, are equal. 3. It marks Mid- day and Midnight to all thofe who arc in its Circle. 4. It divides the ArtiHcial Day into two equal Parts. 5. The Meridian of every Country (hews which of them have Noon fooncr or later, and at tlie fame time, for every 1 5 Degrees Eallwaid, they have it an Hour fooncr than fo far to the Wellward. 6. By reckoning the Meridians from 15 to 15, wc know what Hour it is at the fame time in each Country. 7. The Meri- dians ferve to reckon the Latitudes, which are counted along a Meri- dian from tiic Equator towards the one or the other Pole. The Zones Are fo call'd from a G'tek Word, that fignifies a Girdle, becaufe they inclofe the five Parts into which our Globe is divided, according to die Temperature of the Air from whence they arc denominated. Tlie firft Zone, which lies in the Middle of the reft, is call'd the Tor- rid Zone by tlie Ancicpt.s, who thought it not habitable, becaufe the Sun darts its Rays perpendicularly upon it ; but Experience ha% prov'd tl)C contrary, for the Heats are not fo violent um'er the Equator, and the Places ntarefi it, where the Sun pafies only in a tranfientNlanncr, as in the Neighbourliood of the Tropicks, near which iheSun making his Courfe for ieveral Days liiccelTlvcly, occafions cxcciTive Heats ; but the Moun- tains and Neighbourhood of the Sea in feme Places, the long Nights thro' moll cf that Zone, and the frequent Rains, and great IX:ws, retrefh it fiVicient'.y, to make the Earth not oi.ly habitable, but fo abundantly fer- tile, that in many Places it yields two Harvefts in a Year, and produce* not only all forts of Spiccrics and Drugs, but furnidies a greater Quan- tity of perfect Metals, precious Stones and Pearls, than all the other Zones together ; (\i that the great Delarts which ore found there, as in the Parts of Afrh.i, Aft.i ar.d Aiiitne.i, that lie in it, are rather Proof* tliat the Soil in thofe P..rts is barren of us own Nature, than made (o by the Heat of the Sun, (ince fuch Defarts are found in the Middle of the Temperate Zones; and that in part oi Ajiua, which lies unilcr the Torrid Zone, there are Countries extremely fertile ; that moll of tlie Countries and lllands in Afui, under that Zone, are very fruitUil ;.and 'tis the fame as to what lies under it in Amenea, fo far as is yet known. This Zone is divided into two equal Parts by the Equator, cxtciids to the Tropicks on each fide of it, and contains about 47 Degrees ot La- titude. In moft Places of this Zone they have only two Seafons, ws. Summer and Winter ; ami the latter is not diftinguiih'd by Erotl and Culd, but by Rains and a Idler Degree of Heat. r.i tin::i diftinguifhes the Seafons into the Celeftial and Terrtftrial, in which refpcCt the Terreftrial Summer of a Place is the hotteft of tlic fotirSealbns; theCelellial, that of the four in which the Sun is iieareft, Wii;ter being the contrary, and foof the reft- According to winch Notion* the Celeitial Summer cj any I'lace, is that Se.tfon of the Jijr v;Ufe bef^mnmg it that Da) en zjhnh the Stm hath the Icaff Maidutit-DiftiUiee fxnn tlx Zenith of that I'la^c, (and that the fiifi time, ij th Sun is rxtit m a Tear Vertical t* that I'/aee) but the End, that Day en lihiih the Sun hath a mean Meridiailr Diftan.e j'Vm tlie Zenith i,j that r/.he. 2. it'nite, , uliefe tegiiuiing u that Da\ on uhich the Sun haih the ^leaul/ Aft.tJiaii-Dilluiiee from the Zenith of that Place; mid •u.hr/e Lad v.hen a nie.m D.jlame. 5. Spring, jiim llx end of H'liiter to the beginning oj Summei. 4. Autumn, ftom the ind of Summei t$ the beginning oj IVinttr. According to thefe Definitions, the Ce'eftial Summer of thofe Places of the Earth, which lie between the Tropick of Cwcei and the N. Pole, begins when tlie Sun enters the firit Degree of Cancer, June 10, and ends wiien the Sun enters the fiift Des'ree of Libia, Sept. 11 ; and that at the fame time in all thefe Places. So it is Autumn to thefe Places, when the Sun palics from the beginning of Libra to the beginning of Ctpruorii, from Stpt.it. to Decembtr io. Winter beginning then, ends when tlic Sua enters Aries, Muuh 11, between which and Summer falls the Spring. To all Places between the Tropick of Capmorii and the S Pole, their Sum.Ticc is during out Winter, and thcit Autumn during out Spring, tic. Tlwfii i. Tilt two Ti.miKT.i.w /jvuT!uni^jTu]^Kc!iui^un!^)cnmff^ Torrid and tlic Iro/L-ii Zones, they (.I'joy ;i Temperate Air, el'pcei.illy about the Middle ; tV,r at the U.xtrtmirie'i they partake of tlie excellivc Heat oF tlie Torrid, and ot tlie exceliive Cod ot" tlie I'ro/.eii Zoiie<:, in proportion, as tliey lie near the one or tlic otiier. The Temperate Zones are Inninded by the Tropicks and the Polar Circles. That betwixt tlie Tropitk of Camer and th: Ci'.tle of tlie North Pole, is call'd Northern ; and that betwixt the Tropifk of Ciip,ko;ii and the Cirele of the South Pole, Soiitlierii. Each of 'em contains about 43 De;,'. oi Latitude. 3. The two Cold or Fro/en Zones lie betwixt the Polar Circles and the Poles, or rather are iixhided within the Po'ar Circles wiiicii eiiclolc them, one round ilic Noiih, and the other round the South Pole. They arc call'd Frozen, becaufe for tiie greatell part of the Year they are ex- trcire t'ol'l. and every tliini; frce/.es, cfpecially when the Snn appe.irs In.c little, or not at all above their Hori/on. Each of them contains abjiic 23 Deg. \ of Latitude. 'Tis eafy to account for the Brcadtli of each Zone, by rcckoni:::; 60 Geographical Mllc^ to a Decree, thus : Siwjitiijii,!. ill his Int od.ittion to Cieography, printed at A-r<^ad.tm in 1 708, fays, The Torrid Zone has 1 1 75 common /'/ovi/jLeagiu'sin bicadcli, which at 1400 Geometrical Paces /-tf. League, is i^-^r.o ^Lles The N. Temperate Zone 1075 Leagues i^bi The S. Temperate Zone th.c like z'^'ia The N. Frozen Zone, 587 ', Leagues 1413 The S. I'rozen Zone the like i^ia U It the Length of the Circuit of tlic Zones Is not fo eafy to be rcc- kon'd ; lor rlio' c.um oi them runs the whole Circumference of the Globe, and has i6:> IXg. in Circuit, \ei as the Deg. of Longitude diminifli in Lxtent, according to the Deg. ot Latutuie they lie in, and as they ap- proach the Poles wlieie tlie\ end in a Poi.it ; the nearefl Computation that can be made ot their Circait is thus: 5':i<530 Miles which makes ) At its Extremities under t'.ie Tropicks, the Circuit is a ?. o little more than 8250 Leagues j i' ^^ The N. Temperate Zone has the fame Circuit as the laft> iiiuier tiic Tropiek, but about the middle in Lat. 45 ^i 5:43 has only about cj^o Leagues ) And at its Extremity, under the Polar Circle, it has) o > ;W? Leagues S The S. Temperate Zone, the like under the Tropiek i5.:43 And under the Polar Circle UiSo The N. Frozen Zone under the Polar Circle is 8580 Its Middle IS only about 18s 5 Leagues 4443 A ' its Extremity lu.derthe Poles ends in a Point The S. Fro/en Zone has the like under the Polar Circle 8>83 Its Muklle is only about i8?t Leagues 444 j And us Fxtreniity under the Poles ends in a Point By this the Goodnefs of God may be leen, in orderit^g it (0 tiiat the far greatell part of the Earth may be comfortably inhabited. 'Tis to be obferv'd that notie of the Zones is yet perfectly difcover'd. The N. Temperate and the Torrid 7.ones are better kiiowM than the rell. Nothing of the S. Temperate Zone is known, but what lies in our Continent and m Amoica. Some lllands and Coalts of the N. I'rozen Zone are known, but we have yet no Knowledge ot an) Countiies in the S. irozen Zone. To fum up the Matter, and to (hew what Proportion each of the Zv>nes bears to the Surface of the Earth, lee us liippoie with Mr. Senex, that it is divided into equal Parts 5;^ The Torrid Zone contauis of thofc Parts 107 Botli Temperate Zones 170 And both Frigid Zones ^ . •< ^ The fame Author gives the Dimcnilons of each Zone in /^«,;l;.'/ J Tulare Statute Miles, oi 6i) \ to a Degree, thus: The Torrid Zone 4i^474-:S4S7 Each Temperate Zone : 70 ^ : 5 7 1 o;;; 3 Each Fri,iiid Zone 43ioj;3i)65io T\)t Divifton of the Surface of the E.irth, accord- ing to the Sh.idoics of its Inkibit.vits. TH I S proceeds from the ditKrcnt Situation of the Zones ; and the Divetiity IS taken either from the Polition of the Shadow a: Noon, or Its going qrite lound all Objects. The Ancients having tound out, that the Shadow turn d round the In- habitants of the Fro/en Zones, when the Sun gave them continual Day ; that the Inhabitants of the Temperate Zones had then Sa. dows always towards the fame Point at Noon : Thofe oi the Northern towards that Point ; th fe of the Souiherii towards the other : And that the In- habitants of the Torr,d Zone had their Shadow at Noon jix Moiiths towards the oni; Pole, and li.\ towards the otiiei : They call d the I.iha- and all the l'e,ilct in general have only one Summer liiat is \try iuuv.<. rate, and one Winter that is very cold. The I/ctcifiii, or Inhabitanrs of the Temperate Zones, have their Shadow at Noon always towards one of tiie Poles. Thofe of the Nor- thern towards the North, and thofe of the Southern the contrary ; and the Nights and Days are always unequal, except at the Time of the Equinox. Tlie Jfcii, or Inhabitants of the Torrid Zone, arc of three forts, i." Thofe diredtly under the Equator are twice a Year without Shadows, and all the reft of the Year they arc Amphifi.ii, and have the Noon Sha- dow tlic one way or t'other, according as the Sun moves to the North or South of the Equator. 2. Thofe who live betwixt the Equator and the Tropicks arc alfo twice a Year witiiout Shadow, and tlie reft of it, their Shadows turn either one or t'other way ; fuch as live near the Equator have alfo two S, miners and two Winters, but the Seafons terminate in one of each, in proportion as they approacli tlie Tropiek, and their Days and Nights have more of an Equality, according as they lie nearer the Equator, ;. Tiiofe who live uiuLr the Tropicks are never Afdi, but liave al- ways a Shadow at Noon, except on the Days of the Solftices; all tlic reit of the Year they are Hetaofcii, and caft their Shadow at Noon on one lide, and they have but one Summer and Winter. Thiis the three forts of Afat abovemention'd, with the Hcti.vfui, and the three forts of I'enfui, give us kvcn different forts of Habitations, according to the Sliadows upon the S,urfacc of the Eartli. T)i-Jtfton of the Surface of the Terrefirial Globes by the Fofition of its Inhabitants. TH E Inhabitants of the Globe may be diftinguifti'd into Periaci, Ainxii and Autipotlet, Names deriv'd from their diftl;rent Relations to one another, with rjgard to their Situation. The A'i /ira are thofe who live under the fame Parallel of Latitude, but ill oppolite Meridians. They are equally diftaiit from the Equator, under the fame Degree of Latitude, arc in the fame Zone, have the fame Seafons, the fame Climate, the fame length of Days and Nights, and have ail things alike at the fame time, except that in the Torrid and Temperate Zones, when the one have Day, the other have Night ; aid in the Fro/en Zones, when the Days arc continual, they have only oppolite Hours. The AiitiXii are thofe wlio inhabit the fame Meridian, but in oppoHtc Parallels towards the ditteieiit Poles, and are faidto li\c over-againft one another. They agree in all things as the former, but being in oppohtc Homifpheres; when the one have Winter, the other have Summer. The Aiit:foi!cs arc diametrically oppolirc to one another in Parallels and Me- ridians, ha'.e tiiel.ime Situation, with refpect to the Equator and Poles, C c. as the other two above-mention'd ; but being diametrically cppolitc, their Seafons, o"i. are jiift the contrary to one another. As 10 thofe that dwell under the Poles, tlicy being diametrically op- polite to one another, aiid their Seafons at quite contrary Times, they may ji.ftly be re{:koi\ dAmifoJes; but tlieir Situation at the two Extremes (if the fame Meridian, their equal Diftance from the Equator, and their having the fame Hours in the Natural Day, make them pafs for Aataci; but with this ditference, that when the one lias a Day, the other has x Nigiit of lix Months. As to thofe who live under the Equator, they may be confider'd both as /'o/ir./ and AntipUiLs, though they agree in nothing with the other Aii!:piiL<, but that they are diametrically oppolite to one another, being in all other Relpects true Fetitia. 'Tis to be obfen 'd, that our Pe^iicci are AntKci to our A::trpi\!fi ; that our Aiitip'.'ilci arc l\uixit to our Aiita\i ; and our Amxa, Antipodes to our Pciia'.i. Of the Dr^ifioris of the Surface of our Globe Ij Climates and Parallels. THE Ancients, beluies obllrving the Situation of Places by the Heishrh of the Pole, or by Latitude or Diilance from the Equa- tor, contriv'd ro (ind it by the diri'erence of the Length of Days alfo ; and theretorc divided the Surface of our Globe by Circles parallel to the Equator, into feveral fmall Parts, in each of which the fame Lengths of Days were comprelicnded. They call'd them Climates from the Gtuk Word nA/(x«, a Country or Trait, or, as fome think, from kAi'vm ; which lignifies to decline or bend downwards, as they do from the Equator. They fubdividcd them by a Parallel Line into two Semi-Ciimates, whichthey call'd Parallels. The Climates arc of two forts ; thofe betwixt the Equator and the Polar Circles, where the Artiricial Days increafe infenlibly, and are re- gulated by half Hours ; and thofe between tiic Polar Circles and the C Poks, INTRODUCTION. Poles, wliidi have continued Days, and are regulated by Months, or ;o coi".Lini;(.\i I).i}s. Tlio Paijlk-Ls .lie alfo of two forts. Tlic one divides the Climates in- to quarters ot" Hours ; and tlic other divides the Days ot'_ the Months into 1 5 ; (o that a Parallel is a Space of our Globe's SiuKite, betwixt two Circles or Parallel Lines, betwixt wiucii there's a Variation ot a quarter of an Hour, or of 1 5 Days in rhe longeil Day of t!ie Year._ The Climates are very unequal in Breadth; thole of the Artitieial Days are the larger the nearer they lie to the Equator, and dimiiiifli in piopor:;o:i to their Dilbr.ce from it. The Climates of tiie continued Days, on the contrary, arc tlie larger tlie nearer tiiey lie to the Poles, and diminifli in proporcion to tiieir Dil'tance from them. Tins Ineq'iality proceeds from the ditVerent Obliquities of the Hori- zon, with rel'peift to tiie Courfe of the Sun when in the Tropiek, where lie determines the Lergth of the grcatefl Days to all the Inhabitants ot the fame Flemifphere where he is. Tlie Climates are 60 in Number, tvt. ;o betwixt the Equator and caeli Pole, ;inu rhe -jo in each Htmifphere are divided i:ito .Climates ot h:;!f an Hoiu', Artiiicial Days, or continued Days. Thole of half an Hour, betwixt the Equator and cacli Polar Circle, are reel.on'd 24 ; be- caufe t'.ie Artificial Day being always 1 : Ho'.irs under the Lqnator, it ineieafes proportionably by half Hours, till it comes to be 24 Hours long on riic longeft Day oi the Year, under the Polar Circles. The Climates of continued Days, t'rom tlie Pol.ir Circles to tlic Poles, are reckon'd lix, and by Months, becanfe they incrcafe according to tliat Pioporcion, till they come to be lix Months long under the Pole : From Iience 'tis eaiy to conceive, that by di\ iding each Ciiinate i'.to Parallels of a quarter of an Hour, there mud be 60 for e..ch Hemifpliere. The ancient Geographers, wiio knew only a part of the Temperate an.d part o\ the Torrid Zone, and thought all the reft iininiiabitable, both towards the Lqnator and the Poles, mark'd only i\:\x:-\ Climates, tiiat conirrei;endcd wli.it par: of the World they knew, a' d pointed out the C'imaresof the oppolite Hemii'phere, that tiiey belie\'d to be habi- table, tl-.oiigh they did not know them, by tlieir oppolite Polition to thofe in our own Hemifpherc, whicli tiicy did know. Tliey began to reckon the kiwwn Climates, where the lorgtft Day was 12 Hours three quarters, which they thought the begii:r.i:.g of the habitable Places under the Torrid Zone, and fo Hx'd their firit Climate berwixt i: Hours tlirce quarters and 15 Hours one quarter, and fo on from half Hour to half Hour. They call'd tlicir Climates by tiie Names of the moll famous Towns, Iflands and Seas through which the middle Parallel pafsu : Thus they call'd the tidl Mcnc, the fecond Sio.c, the third Alesiiiidna; the fourth Rhodes, the fifth Rm:e, the lixtli the Eusiiie Sea, the feventli the Borijihtiief, bccaufe it pafs'd by the Mouth ot that River ; then they added m ciglith, which pafs'd through the Rifhenn Mountains, and a ninth through the Ri\er T^num. To vliefe Ptolonn, in his (jcography, added nine more, (0 much of the World being known in his Time, ^/i-. two for the Soiithirii, a:'.d fevcn for the Northern Hemifpherc ; bur, contrary to Ins Predeeeil'ors, inftead of reckoning by Climates, he did it by Parallels cf qiiarters of Hours, f.alf Hours, and Hours : He began rhem at the Equator, which lie repeated inhk A!n:.:<^cf7, where, after diitributing lus Paralle.s a lit- tle otherwife than in his Geography, wi.icJi comes however to the fame Increafe, he adds, that the IJ.iy increafes to 24 Hours under the Pillar Circle, anil betwixt tiiat and the Pole he places lix Parallels, winch con- tain each the li.creafe of a Month. Tiiis (hews the vulgar Opinion, that the Ancients agreed in reckon- ing no more than fcvcn Climates, to be falfe. Of the Drj'tjion of the Globe, according to the La- titude and Longitude. GEOGRAPHERS perceiving that the Divillon of it by Cli- mates, ferv'd o:ily to diitinguifli its Si.rtate from S. to N. they found that an e\;'ccer Divilion was nor only ncceilary to mark the Situ- ation of Pl..ces more regularly towards thofc Points, but that tlicre mull alfo be a M.-thod of doing the fame trom E. to W. And knowing that ri.e Poles determin'd the S. and N. Points, and tliat the Extent of the Globe from E. to \V. is exadtly mark'd o'lt by the Equator, wiiofe Circiut is double tlie circular Diftance betwixt the two Poles, they call'd the Extent of the Globe from S. to N. Latitude, and that from E. to Vv . Longitude, becanfe they knew twice as much of the World ch.it way as they did tlie other, In Imitation therefore of Aftronomers, who dii idc all Circles into jfo Parts, they divided the Circumlcrcnce of the Globe into 560 De- crees, by Semi-Circles or Meridian Lines from or.e Pole to the otiicr, which they call'd Degrees of Longitude. Ai-.d becanfe the Diltance betwixt the Poles makes only the Half of a great Circle on the Globe's S..iface, they divided it into I'io Parts, with regard to North and Soutii, which they call'd Degrees of Lati- tude ; and tliofe Degrees they diftinguifh'U by the Poles and i jy Circles parallel and cquidiftant. As the Equator is the grcatefl of the Parallel Circles, and equally diltant from tiie two Poles, Geogr,iphers have made it the Rule and firlt of the Circles, and begin from it to reckon the Degrees of Latitude to- \rards the North or the South Pole, and diftinguifli 'em accordingly into North and South Latitude, tliere being 90 Degrees on each lide the Lq'iator. In Planifpheres, or Maps which rcprcfcnt the Globe, the I.atltudci are m.irk'd on tlie lirll entire Meridian, which, by dividing tlic two llemifpheres, does alfo cut all the Circles of Latitude into two equal Parts theretorc the Degrees are mark'd there tout times, one for each Scmi-Ciitle or Parallel of Latitude. AH thefe Degrees in Globes and Maps arc matk d one by oncj but the Lines or Circles, which feparatc tiicm, are drawn from 5 to 5, 10 to 10, or M to 1 5, aecotding to the Size of the Globe ot Map, to avoid crowd- ing it too much. 'The IX'grcts of Latitude thus mark'd, fhcw the Latitude, or at what Diftance tlie Countries or Places propos'd are from the Equator, and at the lame time how much the Pole is ele\ ated above their Horizon, wjiich goes as much below the Pole as they are diftant t'rom the Equator, the Latitude of a Place and the Heightii of the Pole being equal. The Degrees oi Longitude aie mark'd on (ilobes and general Maps of the World, in the fame manner as the fotmer, but arc rcckoii'd on tiie Equator from Welt to Eaft, becanfe the Ancients knowing the We- ftern Extremity of our Continent with more Certainty, as being near it, they tix'ii the tirii Meridian or Line d Longitiulc time. Thefe Lines o\ Loii;;i."ude arc drawn, as has been faid, from Pole to Pole, and con- tract gradually m proportion to their Dillar.ce from the Equator, tilt they end in a Poir.t under each Pole. Tlie Dcgnes ot Longitude ol Countries and Towns, wiiich is their Difunce from the tirit Meridian, are rcLkor.'d on tlie Equator, Longitude Ixing an Arch ot the Equator, or ci a Parallel compieliended betwixt the Mciidian of a Country ot Town ar.tl chetirft Nferidian. Tho' Degrees of Latitude be all of equal Breadth, yet Degrees of Lo::gitude in all Parallel Circles dirainifh in proportion, as they approach the Poles. Tnereforc, to prevent Miftakcs in C.ilciilarirg Diftances of Places from Weft to lull. Geographers have form'd a Taiile of the Diminutions of the Decrees of Longitude aceordi: g to each Degree of latitude ; but thij U'ing ot little Cle, except to Inch as make Maps we omit it- Af' •:...i Tiers having as yei tor.nd nothing 1:1 the Heavens to determine the tin: Meridian, Geographers are much divided in their Opinions about placing it. The We! -.em L'.habitants of our Continent, and tlic .4 at:.m$ have plae'd it ."t the Weftern Extremity of our Hemifpherc, and reckon the reft from Welt to Eaft ; but the Eallem Nations, and cliielly the IhJimij, have tix'd the tirlt Longitude 1:1 the middle ot our Hemifpiiere, at x To.vn litiiated ijo Degrees trom borh Poles ur.der the Equator ; and they alfo i'reter.d, that 'tis .jo Degrees diltant t'rom both the Eaft and Weil Extremities ot our Continent. They alterwards, quite iontrar\ to us, tix'd their tirft Longitude at the Eaftem Extremity of our Contiucnr, that in counting the reft, they might tollow the natural Order, and the Conrle ot the Sun. Tuoiigli the Weftern Nations agree to fix it in the Weft of our Qin- tincnt, they don't agree on the Place where. I'tJvmy, aid tlie Ancients, Hx'd It at one ot the Fuitun.stf liUiul', now generally hippos'd to be the Cmand.^ Some of thc//'.i^.wi tollow'd him, and others plae'd it at //.•). .vVci's PiilarS, or the Streij;hrs of Gil-utltu. . S.nne Moderns would tix It at the loar.i, others at tiie Illes of C.ipe [hJ, or Cupt I'.id iii'Ai, and fomc at the Pike t.A "T.renjf, one of the C.iiu>tf<. The Sp.imj.dt would have it at 'A/u/j ; the I'onugueji at Li,b^n ; and, in Ihotc, every Na- tion iTiay tix it at their own Capital if they j'leafc ; but as hoUm', Kas beenfollow'd by moli, 'tis like lo to eontiiuic, efpccially lincc/.<^,ii \1II of F'.;/..f did, by the Adwcc of the ablelt Matiiemat'ieians, pubhib an Order of Jp)il :5, ic>54, that it (hould be tix'd by his Subjects at the Lie of Ftvo, the moll weftetly of the Cmauti. It is now become ufiial to count the Longitude Weftv.'ard as well as Eahward, from the Place where CSeographers tiv their tirlt .Meridian. The Ditference among 'em about tixin- 5 Meridian has nude grc- Contulion i:i their Maps, and occaiion'd much Dillieiilty in finding the Longitude of Piaces, fome placing them in one Degiee, and othcti m another. The only way to remedy" this at prelent is, to give an Ac- coint ol the ditlerent Places where cliey tix their Meriuians, and of their Diftance trom one another- The. Sp.wi,!,, is, finee their Conqueft of cIk /r5 40 17 12 II 3 60 Fiem/i mm and the fame Country ; but wlicncver they find a Mile or a League, &c^ mention'd, they take it to be the fame with that of the Place where they live, or don't diftinguifii between the common and uncommon Mealure of the Places they treat of. This is alio owing in a great degree to the Carelcnhcfs or Ignorance of Travellers, who, not obferving thofe necelVary Dillinflions, make grofs Miitakcs both in the E.xtcnt of the Countries and Diftancc of Places, which they give us an Account of in their Travels ; and thus their Er- rors are verj' unjullly charged upor Geographers and Map-makers, who arc oblig'd to trull what Travellers write, until their Miflakes be made evident by thofe of better Credit and Abilities, or at lealt of more Di- ligence. Many Inllances of Midakes of this Nature might be given, bur we fiiall inlifl only upon a few. Some Ffem/) Travellers, who have been in hidiijlan. fay, their Cofs makes only f a Fremb League; and others fay, it makes a whole one. Some Eiiglijh Travellers fay, that two Codes go to an Eiiglijh Mile. Some Dutch Travellers fay, that three Cortes make up two German Miles ; and others fay, that two of 'cm make a Dutch Mile ; but they don't fay what fort of Etinh, Englijh or Diiuh Miles they mean. The Ert'ctt that this want of Care has in the Accounts of the Extent of Countries, is evident from the following Inftance in 'Tn-vcvnier a French Traveller, who makes the Dillancc betwi.xt Stoat and Goa, two Places on the fame Coaft, which lies from North to South Ci Gofs, and each Gofs he makes four Cofs's, and the Cofs equal to the ordinary French League, which make above nine Degrees and ', of Latitude betwixt the two Places ; whereas, according to all the printed Maps, and the Por- tuguefe and Dutch Manufcripts, there arc only fi.\ Degrees of Latitude betwixt thofe Places. Another Inllance of grofs Miftakes in Travellers is that of Father Marmi, who, in his Relation, places 7/w^«//z in t/j//w according to thofe of the Country in the 5cth Journey of Length from South to North, and in the 20th of Breadth from Laft to Welt ; having faid before that the Length was 1 joo Miles, and the Breadth 600, by which it appears tliat lie aiHgns 50 Miles to each Journey. But as that Country has only about 1 3 Degrees of Latitude, whicii make no more than 780 Miles in a llrait Line, it follo'.vs, that the Journeys canbs no mere than about i j or 1(5 Miles each, lince ctherwife Tunqiim mi.R be in the jjch Degree of Latitiule, which mull take in two tliirds of China. Tiie only Way that Geogr.iphers have to prevent fuch Miflakes, is to fee down in their Scales ofMcCires what lotL it is chey make ufe of, and how many c( 'em goe'. to a Degree. It mull here be obferv'J, chat Geographers rcxkon all their Meafures in a direct Line ; becaufe, if it were according to the Turnings and vvin- dings of Roads, they could not truly reprefent the Situation of Places. Ho:v to find out the Situation of Places in M.tpy and the Diftance betzvixt one Place and another. IF you know the Longitude and Latitude of any Place, 'tis cafy to find where it is or ought to be in a Map, by the Diaction of your Lye to the Place where the Lines of the given Longiti.de and Latitude ciit one another. The Degrees of Longitude being generally mark'd at the top and bottom of Maps, and the Degrees of Latitude on the Sides ; or if the Maps be large, h as you can't fo well be direaed to the Situa- tion of the Place by aGlance o'f the Eye, you may lay a Ruler or a llrait Thread oicr the Place whole Polition you feek for, uircenly to the Lon- gitude or Minute of Longitude againll the Place at top and bottom, and in like manner apply the Ruler or Line to the Degree or Minute of Latitude on each lide the Map, and thus you may find the exaCt Longi- tude and Latitude of the PLce you leek for according to your Map ; or " if you know the Bearing and Diftancc of one Place from another before- hand, you may ealily (ind its Polition by your Scale and Compafs. But if you don't beforehand know the Longitude and Latitude, or Bearing and Dillance of the Place fought for, you mull either confult fuel) Dictionaries as treat of the Longitude and Latitude of Places, or the Indexes of fuch Geographical Books as will direft to it ; or in facli S\ Items of Geo!,'raphy as give t!ie general Divillons of Countries, with their principal towns, as Sai.f.a and Uu> do in their Tables, you may find the Place, if it be of Note, in thofe Divilions, and then it may be cahly found by Infpection into the Map ; as alio its Longitude and La- titi'de as before. To fkid the Diftance betwixt one Place and another in a Map, you muft conlidcr whether that Map you make ufe of have the Degrees of Latitude mark'd on the Sides, which all but general Maps or Planilphcres common- ly have ; for then putting the Points of the Compartes on the two Places, ar.d applying the Diftance to the Degrees of Latitude oppolitc to the Places, you'll tind nearly how many Degrees or Minutes they are diftanc from one another, and for everv Degree you muft reckon 60 Miles, and for every Minute a Mile ; but this will be true only on a Globe. If the Diftance be greater than can be meafur'd at once by your Com- pafs, as frequently happens in large Maps, when Places are at a grear diftance, lay a ftrait Thread or Ruler betwixt the two I'laces, and apply your Compafs to one or more Degrees of Latitude on the Side ot tlic Map i as the Cafe requires, you may meafure the Line or Ruler by the De- grees contain'd in the opening of your Compafs and by calculating the d our if the Dif- Mrii Degrees and Minutes, as above, you have the Dillance you (eek tor. ^ In general Maps or Planil'i'lieres the Degrees ot Latitnde are marki on the Circle which enclofes each Hemifphere, fo liiat by tiling yoii (,\iihuJ:n r.ekon'd 7^ to Compa fs. a s above, or making ufe of a Ruler or Tiirea ' nTir.i:) Hui,i, Aitiiici'.il Days, or cdiitiTiiiTi^na^^^Tliolc tu ii.iii Hour, betwixt tlic Equator and cadi Polar Circle, arc rccKon'd 24 ; bc- caiili; tlic Artificial Day bciii^ always i : Ho'.irs uiidtr tlic tqiiaror, it iiicivalc^ proportioiiably by halt" Hours, till it tomes to be 24 Hours long on tiic lont^cft Day of tlic Year, uiulcr the Polar Circles. The Climates of continued Days, from the Pol.ir Circles to the Poles, are reckoii'd li\, and by Months, becauCe they iiicicareaccordiiit; to that Pioporcio!!, till they come to be (ix Months long under tlie Pole : I'rom licnce 'cis caly to conceive, that by dividing each Ciiniate into Parallels of .1 quarter of an Hoiu-, there niufl be 60 for e;icli Heinifphere- The ancient Cieograpl-.crs, who knew only a part ci the. Tcmj^erate and part d the Torrid Zone, and thought all the reft i:nin!iaLiitable, bot!i towards the Lquator and the Poles, inark'd only (i:\xt\ CJiniates, that coniprtl'.erded what part of the World they knew, ai d pointed out the Climates of the oppolite Hcmilphere, that tliey belie\'d to be habi- table, tl-.ough tliey did not know them, by their oppolite Polition to tiiole in our own H'.'mifphere, which they did know. They began to reckon the kixiwn Climates, where the lorgcft Day was 1: Hours three quarters, which they thought the begiiir.ihg oi the habitable Places under the Torrid Zone, and fo fix'd their (irft Climate betwixr i: Hours three quarters and 15 Hours one quarter, and fo on from half Hour to half Hour. They call'd tiicir Climates by the Names of the moll famous Towns, Illands and Seas through which the middle Parallel paiVd : Thus they call'd the Hril Mciu; the fecond .Sie),i\ the tiiird A'e^'indiht, the fourth Rhcdii, the fifth Rome, the lixtiithe Eu-->ie Sea, the feveiith the £oytJi/>tiie<, bccaiife it pafs'd by the Mouth of that River ; then they added lUi eighth, which pafs'd through the Ri[hum Mountains, and a ninth through the River T'.iiuiis. To vhcfe PtJcnn, in liis (jeography, adJcd nine more, (o much of t'le W'or'.d being known in his Time, t.i. two for theSoutlKrn, a:;d feven for tlie Nortlicrn Hemifphere ; bar, contrary to his Predeceifors, inl'tead of reckoning by Climates, he did it by Parallels of quarters of Hours, l-.a'f Hours, and Hours : He began them at tiie Equator, which he repeated in his .-//w-r^v,?, where, after dilhibuiing his Paralle.s a lit- tle otherwiie than in his Geography, wnieh comes howeier to the fame Inereal'e, he adds, that the ]J.iy increafes to 24 Hours in^der the Pilar Circle, aiid OL'twixt tiiat aiui tlie Pole he places li.\ Parallels, which con- tain each the iixreafe of a Month. Tliis fhevvs tiic Milgar Opinion, that the Ancients agreed in reckon- ing no more than ic\c:i Climates, to be falfe. Of the DrJiJion of the Clohe, according to the La- titude and Longitude. GEOGRAPHERS perceiving that the Diviflon of it by Cli- m..tes, fLr\'d only to diainguifli its Si.rfaee from S. to N. they foi.nd that an exac.er Divilion w.is not only iiei.eilary to mark the Situ- ation of Pl..ces more regularly towards thofe Points, but that there mull alio be a Method o( doing the dvrx from E. to W. And knowing that ti.e Poles determin'd the S. and K. Points, and that the Extent of the Globe from E. to W. is exaniy mark'd out by the r.quarcr, wliofe Circi.lt is double the circular Diftancc betwixt the two Poles, they call'd the Extent cf the Globe from S. to N.Eatitude, and that from E. to Vv . Longitude, becaufe they knew twice as much of the World th.it way as they did tlie other. In Imitation therefore of Viiroiuimers, who divide all Circles i'lto 3(5g Parts, they divided the Circumferenee of the Globe into ^i^o De- {^rees, by Semi-Circles or Meridian Lines fro.Ti one Pole to the other, wliicli they Cah"d Degrees of Lo::gitude. An.d becaufc the Dillancc berwixt the Poles makes only the Half of a great Circle on the Globe's S..ifacc, they divided it into iHo Parts, with reg.'.rd to North and South, which they call'd Degrees of Lati- tude; andthofe Degrees they dirtinguith'd by' the Poles and 17^ Circles parallel and equidiltant. As the Equator is the greatcft of the Parallel Circles, and equally diltant from the two Poles, Geographers have made it the Rule ar.d hrll of the Circles, ar.d begin from it to reckon the Degrees of Latitude to- rrards tl:e North or the South Pole, and dirtinguirn''em accordinglv into Korth and boutli Latitude, there bei'ig 90 Degrees on each lid'e the tqiiacor. And becaufe each Parallel Circle, by its Circumference on the Globe, marks the fame Degree through its whole Circuit, that is to fay, in both Hemilphcres, Geographers divide each Hemifphere by the E- quator into two Parts, the Northern and Southern, which make four quarter Parts tor tlx whole Surface of tlie Globe ; and to fliew in what Part ot cither Hemifphere, taftern or VVcftern, this Latitude is found, they exprefs wheti.er it be in the South or North Part of the one or other Hcmifyhere ; and fo, to avoid Confu/ion, they reckon the Degrees cf Latitude tour times, ^ij betwixt the Equator 'and the North Pole, and 90 betwut it and the South Pole, for ours or tiie Eaflern Hemi- fphere i and in the fame manner for the Weftern, which makes up 560 though they mark or.ly i«o Degrees of Latitude by the Parallel Circles, wlucli io ir,clud(, A Degree of each Hemifpliere. trac't gradually in proportion to their Dil'ance ti\^ni ti,v Equator, ti they end in a Point under each Pole. The Degrees of Longitude ok Countries and Towns, which is their Diflance from the tirft Xleridian, are reckon'd on the Equator, Longitude being an Arch of the Equator, or oi a Parallel compiehended betvvi.\c the 'Meridian of a Country oc Town and the (irft ^^eridian. Tho' Degrees of Latitude be all of equal Breadth, vet Degrees ot Longitude in all Parallel Circles dimini(h in proportion, as they approacli the Poles. Tnerefore, to prevent Miftakes in Calculating Diftanccs of Places froin_ Weft to I'aft, Geographers have form'd a Table of the Diminutions ot the Degrees of Longitude accoidirg to each Degree of L.ititudc ; but this being of little life, except to fuch as make Klaps, we omit it. Aliionemers having as yet found nothing in the Heavens to determine the iirll Meridian, Geographers are much divided in their Opinions about jilaeirg it. The Weftern Inhabitants of our Continent, and tiie A:\tihmi have plae'd it at the Weftern Extremity of our Hemifphere, and reckon the r.ft from Welt to Eaft ; but the Eaftern Nations, and chiefly the liJuw, have tix'd the tirli Longitiuie 1:1 the muidle of our Hemif'piiere, ar ;i Town lituated 90 Degrees from both Poles under the Equator ; and they alio pretend, that 'tis <>o Degrees diliant from both tlie Kail and Well Extremities of our Continent. They afterwards, quite contrarv to us, tix'd their (irft Longitude at the Eaftern Extremity oi our Continenr, that in counting the reft, they might follow the natural Order, and the Com fe of the Sun. Tliougli the Weftern Nations agree to fix ir in the V\ eft o( our Qi.T tiner.t, they don't agree on the Place where. I': l>n:\, ard tlic Aneier.rs, tix'd It at one of the Hutnutf lil.imli, now ger.erallv fupjHis'd to be the C.iiunff. Some of the'//'. '/'.wi follow 'd him, and others plae'd it at H.nuifi\ Pillars, or the Streij,'lits of Citialtu,-. Some Moderns would fix it at the Itiur.i, others at tiie Illes of C.ipt- I'nJ, or Ljpt l\id \iL\i, and fome at the Pike oi T'lnenff, one of the Cmtirit.'. The Spjuuds would liave it at 'hUdo ; the I v>t::<:^ucfc at Lukir, and, iiiftu>tt, every Na- tion may fix it at their own Capital if they pieafe ; but as /'r Awi has beenfollo'.v'd by moli, 'tis like lo to continue, el'pecially i\:\cc l.r.:- \\\\ i\\ y"..i..\f did, by the Advice of the ablelt Ntatiiematieu.ns, publ.lh in Order of Aptd :;, if';4, that it ihould be tix'd by his Si-bjecis at the Lie o\ Fitc, the mod wefterly of the C.ih.duk It is now become ufual to count the Longitude Weftward as well as Eaftward, from the Place where Geographers ti\ their tirlt Meridian. The Ditferencc among 'em about fixing this Meridian has niadc great Conf„iion i'l their Maps, and occaiion.'d much Diftiiulty in finding the Longitude of Piaces, lomc placing them in one IXgiee, and others 1:1 an.otlKr, The only way to remedy this at preleiit is, to give an Ac- cou-.t of the ditiereiit Places where they fix their Meiuiiai-.s, and ot tiieir Diftar.ee from one another. Tiie.y.u;..i)./j, fince their Conqucft of the //'< .7 /,j./.r \ place th.eirfiiil Meridian at Tv/td-, and from therce, contrary to all other Luic;r.iM<, account their Longitude from Eaft to Welt. Ji!e.i:i, the Duu/i (.'leographcr, and mo/t of his Countrymen, place it at the Pike of Tewtif, one of the C.iM.jnf. The fnuJ), as we have heard already, generally (ix theirs at the lilc of Fee, and fome of them at r.i>ii. Oar r.i:^l:/j Geographers, as C.imJut, SpteJ, and others, fix it in the <4i'.in Illands; fome at the lile of Cur.o; and others, which is molt fol- low'd, at the Iiieof St. M:./:.n!\ ; and later ones place it at /../../.«. The Diltances betwixt thole Piaces in the wtuern Part of our He- mifphere is tlius : Dvgrees «5 I'rom the Pike of '7^ /.<,.i!:cfa to Iccem to t'.ihn.i Foe, Of /it to Cvivo to St. MuLiil's 10 9 Minutes 5J «5 So that to find the Longitude r( a Place in vour Map, conlider wlierc It begiii.s Its Longitude, and whetlier the Place where it begins lies Eaft or Welt from any ot the Places aboye-mention'd, aiui how miny Degrees; and accordingly ftibftraCt or add fuch Difference from or to the "given Longitude ot any Place, to (iiui tie Lo: gitude of the Place vou f-ck tor in your Map. toy Inltance. luppole 1 look 111 a Map tor lJiiJ.m, wliofc Longitude from St. M. duel's I know to be 27 D.g. 50 M. and that the Map Hook in begins the Longitude from the wcl'tcrmott Part .,t Sp.„n, which is ifi Deg. Eaft of Sr. M,J;uel\ then I muft fubflradt 16 Deg.ftom 27 Ueg'. 30 M. and the Remainder 1 1, 30, is tlie Longitude of London 111 uch aMap ; but it the .Map had begun its Longitude hom any Place Weltot St. J\Iuh,iel i,, as Iron, f>M, which is about 5 Deo. joM. Weft ot It I muft add that Dillance to tlx 27 Deg. 30 M. and it would make the Longitude ot u,idun 31 De-g. jo M. m tlut Map which begins its Longitude at Cww. ' " rt( each I.. «..lfy. 'i^/i.-ivj^J^icts or Journeys, contain caclj Staiions AmcruMi Hour's Jaiirnt-y, us'd alAj i:, Euiope Joiimcy and Diets Arabutn P.irafangs Scacioiis Cliiiu'll' Ly I'll Ddiiijb League D:i'.h Lcatjiics or Miles Or Eg\fthuti common Sclicrnus of 40 Stadia, at7 1 :5 Pates each y They had others of ;o, jo, 60 and 120 Siadia t.icli, wliicli ni.iv be ea/ily re- tliic'd to Paces .ma De,;rces. Tlieir Soin-u:-; \ as us'd by leveral of their Neiqhi'.i rs. Their Paialangs Eiigttjh Mile equal to the luliaii Oi Statute Miles, at j Foot per Pace Fionh little Le,ii;iies Common League Cireat Leatjue G.iuli'i ancient League Cnm.in Mile Gmk Stadium Note, That the Grfeb introduc'd this McaCiire into all their Ct)lonies, and tneir Authors generally ufe it in dcferi- binj» otiier Coiiiirrics. Tlieir ancicit ^radium was fajd to be me.iriir'd by H-nu!cs, with Ins Feet, in the o:v„pi,k iitUi, and conlifted but ot (a> I oor : This when doubled thc-y call'd l)i,.i,:os; and the Diaulos dou- blci.; tljcy calid Dolielios. Hun^.tri.ii! Miic y.ip.iii M:lc Ink li.il. ui (ioll'c Cod /.••)Mi!c /(.j/..j;) ;T.d /Jw/.J'i common Nfilc, us'dby tlic^ ai:eie-.t R »u:< t.iioiii;!, their Empire i Muf.ii-.iif VV'oLilis, or V'tr U Peifun rariani;s, or Paraf.ii'.ps Aneijiit 01 eoniinoi I'arfangs They had other of 10, jo and 60 Stadia each. Pil-Ji Mile Or Scoti Mile Sp.iiiijh League S'M.iih League .\:./) Leatiue "fuitiiiLin Station 7;<;io(.ijmmo:i Mi!c 30000 20000 3000 30000 3000 20000 24a 2400 5000 3500 4000 5000 The MMrurtathCiunliy cuatAinCil in 4 Urgice. Z J 23 2 20 J 250 I2 'J iz 3000 1000 1 150 lOJ^ 2000 2400 30-50 l?0O 4000 <^-)00 2000 150 4800 2400 150a 1000 3 TJD 4000 5000 400 J 1500 34:8 5000 5000 soooo lOOi 20 60 3=> 29 40 'J 480 IS 30 400 J2 :? 4J Co 8o 2 ) '5 20 >5 4a '7 12 Cq lint it mult be obferv'd, that Geoj^raphers dirter in Opinion as to tiu Mi^s 0:1 tlie S.irfaeeof the liarth, which ar.kverto a Degree m tiie Heavens, ot wnicli Mr. /.nt/.mii, in his Inf ^duaion to Aliionomy ar.d Ceoi^raphy, gives us this Account : Tlie .l.i.ie:'.ts reckon'd to a Degree 60 £;;W,;'j or It.ili.in Miles, :o Fiemfi or DuiJi Leagues, n Ce.w.w Miles, 1 ^i.Sp.nii'i Leagues. Ot Liiglih Miles Alr-t^itd the A,. iL:.tii, indG'.ilJiiiJiti reckon'd 7; to a Desjrec ; R.iu/im C.S, H'lWiordm Snelltus 70, Ought, id b6, Noi unci 6V 'j, and 14 I'olesof ir. I'oot and half each. Mr. N-riMil meakir'd the Dillance betwixt /.■«■/"« and Tvik liy a Per- ambulator, .-/<;./' I (^ 5 5 , and being an able Matliematici.in, Ins Compu- tation is reckon'd very exad. "The /•'-(■//lA Academy ot Sciences agree very near with hnn, and make 6^^\ Eiiglijj Miles m a D^-gree ; fo that to ^lUnv 70 Miles for .1 Degree, as (diiic of our modern Geographers (lirci.t, does not at all I'ecm unreafonable. By this it may be ealily feen how Geographers come to ditK'r fo much in their Computations o( tlic Extent of Countries, and Dilbnee of Places : Some of them, and efpecially fuch as only copy from others, never coiifidcr tlie dirt'erciiee of Meafures us'd by ilifterent People, nor cvcu cliu Uiitciuiicu bctwixc Mcal'u;'c$ of tiic iamc Denomimtioii ia one of Countries, is evident from the following Inllaiice in 'Lrj.uuer a Fiahh Traveller, who makes the Diflaiicc betwi.\c Sunn and Go,t, two Places on the fame Coaft, which lies from North to South 61 Gofs, and eacli Gofs he makes four Cofs's, and the Cofs equal to the ordinary Fnncf} Lengue, which make above nine Degrees and ' of Latitude betwixt the two Places ; wiiereas, according to" ail the printed Maps, and the Por- tugnej'e and Dtiicb Manufcripts, there ate only fi.x Degrees of Latitude betwixt thofe Places. Another Inllance of grofs Mifiakes in Travellers is that of Father Miimi, who, in his Relation, places 7//«9«;« in t"/j«w according to thofc of ti.e Country in the 50th Journey of Length from South to Nortli, and in tiie 2otli of Breadth from Eaft to Welt; having laid before that the Length was i joo Miles, and the Breadth 600, by which it appears thac lie alfigns 50 Miles to each Journey. But as that Country has only about 1 3 Degrees of Latitude, which make no more than 780 Miles in a llrait Line, it follows, that the Journeys can be no mere than about 15 or 16 Miles each, lince ctlicrwife Tuiie/iiht mi.tl be in tiie 35th Degree of Latituile, which mull take in two tliirds of C/>wa. The or.ly Way that Geographers have to prevent fuch Miftakes, is to fet down in their Scales of Meaf.ires what lori i: is they make ufe of, and how many c( 'em goe*. to a Degree. It mull here be obfer\ 'J, that Geographers rcxkon all their Meafures in a direct Line; becaufe, if it were according to the Tuiiiingi ar.d w'in- dings of Roads, tliey could not truly reprefcnt the Situation of Places. Ho:v to find out the Situation of Places in Maps, and the 'Di fiance betwixt one Place and another. IF_ you know the Longitude and Latitude of any Place, 'tis cafy to find wliere it is or ought to be in a Map, by ihe Direeiion of your L\ e to the Place where the Lines of the given Longiti de and Latitude cut one another. The Degrees of Longitude being generally mark'd ac the top and bottom of Maps, and the Degrees of Latitude on the Sides ; or it the Maps be large, fo as you can't fo well be direeted to the Situa- tion ot the Place by a Glance ot the Eye, you may lay a Ruler or a lirait Thread over the Place whole Polition you feek for, directly to the Lon- gitude or Minute of Longitude againll tlie Place at top a:'.d bottom, and in like manner apply the Ruler or Line to the Degree or Minute of Latitude on each (ide the Map, and thus you may hiid the e.saet Longi- tude and Latitude of the PKac \ou leek for according to vonr Maj) ; or' it you ki'.ow the Bearing and Diflance of one Place from another before- hand, you may ealily (ind its Polition by your Scale and Compafs. But it you don't befoieharid know the Longitude and Latitude, or Bearint; and DiUance of the Place fought for, you mull eitiier confide fuch Di^tioi.aries as treat of the Longitude and Latitude of Places, or the Indexes of fuch Geographical Books as will din.'Ct to it ; or in I'lcli Sv Items ot Cieography as give t.'ie general Divilions of tiouncries, with their principal Towns, as .Sj;,/',; and A.vin do in their Tables, you may find the Place, if it be of Note, in thofe Divilions, and then it n\::\- hz cahly found by Infpection into the Map ; as alio its Lonj'itude ;. !■: I . ■ titudc as before. To find the Difiancc betwixt one Place and a.'othcr in a Map, v ■ . ■ conlider whether that Map you make ul'e of have t.'ie Degrees of i. .. ' • mark'd on the Sides, which all but general Maps or Plai'.irplicrescun..i 1 ly have ; for then putting the Points oi the Conipalles on the ti ■■> }'^ll.\.^, ai'd applying the Dillance to the Degrees of Latitude oppolitv i^ 'l,c PLices you'll lind nearly how many Degrees or Minutes they arc dilianc trom one another, and for ever)' Degree y'^u mull reckon 60 Miles, and for fvery Mini: re a Mile ; but tins will be true only on a Globe. If the Diiiance be greater than can be meafui' at once by your Com- pafs, as frequently happer.s in large Map.s, wli n Places are at a great iliitance, lay a lirait Thread cr Ruler betwixt the tu o liaees, and apply ) our Compafs to oi'.e or more Degrees of Latitude on the Siiie v^i the Map ; as the Cafe requires, ) ou may mealure the Liiie or Ruler liy the De- grees contaiiid in the opening of your Coinpafv, and by calculating the Degrees and Minutes, asabiue, you have the Diiianee \ou leek for. In general Maps or Planiipheres the Degrees of La:iti;de are mark'J on the Circle which enclofes each Hemifphere, fo liiat by uiiiig your Compafs, as above, or making ule of a Ruler or Tiiread, if the Dif- tancc be great, you may find it in the fame manner as before dircilrted; and the Degrees of Lon'.'jtiule being mark'J on the Lquinottial Line in fuch Planiipheres, the Dilieiei>ee of Longitude betwixt Places may be ealily found the lame Way : Only you mull obferve, that the Diiiance betwixt P!a;-es from Eall to Well, or any of tlieir collateral Points, is not to be meuliir'd by the De;:rees of I.oiigitude, but by thofe of Lati- tude, became the Degrees of l.ongiti.ile contract gradually from tlie_ I'qumoaial, till they end in a Point under each Pole. The Dillance of Places might be meafur'd this Wa) , by confulting a Table of Diminu- tion of the Degrees of Loiigitude in each Degree of Latitude, but it wou'd be both more troublelun.e and lefs exacl. N. 11 Thefe arc the Wa)s ufually direaed :o, but can't be true to any Exactnefs. In I 8 INTRODUCTION. Tn pxtticiilnr Maps ol larger or Icflcr Countries, there is generally a Scale ol Lciyues or Miles, crc io that to fimi the DilUiice of Plaees in iiich Maps yoii put tlic Point^ ot jour Coiypafs upon the two Places, A\w\ nu'a("urc'ihi' Did.ince hy the Scale; or it' the Dillance be greater than the Scale, you may meafurc the Scale twici.', or ot't!;er, \s itii your tAimpaltls, as the Cafe requires ; and i(' the CcmpaiV be not large cnougl), it may be done by a Ruler or Thread, as before. 'Ti-. to be obliri'd, that when Maps are Imall, the Minutes ot" De- jjrccs arc trcqamtly omitted, and the Degrees divided irito tour, fi\e, or more Parts, ore ot tiie Divilions bciiiL: black and the other white, xvliich arc ciii'y underilood as being Co many parts ot Co, and may be fpccdily rcd.c'd to Cieograpliical Miles. Sometimes wlicn tiie Maps are large, and the Space very wide bc- tv.ixt ore Degree ar.d another, the Minutes or otiitr Divilions arc in.uk'd on tlic Sidc^ betwixt the Degrees, but in leller Figures. Tlie Bearing'- ot' Places t'rom one another, as t. W. N. or S. 6*1. may be tour J out by rhe Compals m the Maps, or by tlie Words iMortli at top. South at bottom, Weft on the Left Hard, and Eaft on the Riglici There are feme Maps I6 Contnv'd, for particular Purpofes, as that inftea-i of Longitude and Latitude they have only Lines drawn parallel to the lides, and others drawn parallel from top to bottom, which divide the whole into little Squares ; and on both liiies of the Map againft eacli Space, there are Letters let, as A, 13, C, CIc. and there arc other Let- ters, difreient from the former, plae'd agaiiill the Spaces at bottom and top. 15y the help ot tlitle Letters an Alphabetical Table is form'd, with the Names of all the Places, and agaiiill each Name is plae'd one of the Letters in the fidev, and another i.'i'i thole at top and bot- tom ; by looking for which m the Map, the Polition of the Place is calily found, as (uppofe a Place mark'd in the Table A b, and that A is the top and B the lide Letter, 1 look tor A on the top, and B on tlic lide, and in the Space where the Lines drawn from each Letter meet, the Place will be found. ylJ.im's Map of Eiia^l.iiid, and O^^iliy's Map of the Roads ot EngLmt, and others are form'd atrer tins maiiiiec; and fome of tins fort liave Longitude and Latitude alio. Of the Lower WORLD, or EARTH and SEA in General. IS obvious to common View, that our lower World is divi- ded into Land and Sea ; The Lcirned have been very tu- rio'.is in their Enquiries about the Dimtnlions oi each, and thtir Proportirn to or.e another, but hav e not yet been able ro determine with any certainty, wiiether Sea or Lai.d tal.Cb up moft of the Surface of our CiloiK, l-^caiife we know but little ot tliole Parts of the World about the North Pole, and nothing of what there is a'oout t!ie South Pole. 'Tis doubted by the Learned, wlietiitr there be any Inhabitants under either Pole ; \ et 'tis probable there ma\-, lincc Dr. Hii.cy has prov'd, that the Sollhtial Day under the Pole is as liot as under tiie l-.qiiinoCt:al, when the Sun is vertical to them, or in their Z^nitii, becaufe tor all the i.\ Hours of that Da\ under the Pole, the S^n-Iljams are inclin'd to the Hori/on with an Angle of :; Des^rees '- ; v.. eieas u::der the tquinoctial, tho' he becomes vertical, )et he fiunes I'l) ir.ore than 1 2 Hours, and is abfcnt 1 2 ; and belides, tor three Hours eight MiiUites of that la Hours he is above the Hotuou tlicre, lie is not io mu>.h elevated as under the Pole. Of the Btmcnfions oj the Earth and Sea together. AnaximnnJeiy who liv'd about 550 Vcars before Chrift, is tlie (irfl tiut vc know of, who otfer'd to defcribe rue Circumferenec of the Lariii and Sea ; and his Dimenlions ..re i'lppos'd to be thole mention'd by AifiutU, I at the clr.fe of l.is Stcor.d Book conceniir-.g tiie Heavens, viz.. That tnc Citcuir.fc ence oi the Eartii was 40)100 Stadia, each Ccfk ordinary S adium being r.-ckon'd 600 Foot. This Opinion was foilow'd rill Am- ;.,././/:', wiio iiv'd aI)out 100 Years before Chriit, m.iUc tlie C:rciiniti;- i j",ee about is :o?o Stadia ; but tacn this mufl not have been the ordi- nary Stadium, becaufe Pin:) reduces them to 515000 Rmmi: Miles. Il'l'.tnhn', who liv'd 100 Years after £/vH()/?/w;fi, added 25000 Stadia 10 ins Number. PijuJonnn, who In'd in Ciaro'i Time, made the Cir- t'limlerencc 240000 Stadia, according to C'/fowici/t', and but 18000c ac- Lc:d:t-.g to Strabo. Ptolomy, who liv'd 144 Years atter Chrift, agreed V irh the latter. Muinton, or Almamn, a King of the Airil/iaiii, about A. C. o;7, ordcr'd fome I earned Mathematicians to meet in tiie Fields of M ff.t.w::.!, and meafure them from North to South, in order to find out the Qiiantiry of a Degree, and thereby to compute the Cir- cumterc'Ce of tlie L.t.rth, \vliicli they determin'd, fome la}, tdbe :oo6o Miles, and others 20540 : From that time the Ayabiani tollow'd their o-.vn Matlieraaticians, and the Lmms foilow'd J'toUmy ; and the Problem lay in a manner negieded, till Snel/im, ,1 very Learned Man, and Pro- felior of Mathematicks at I.r..lf:i in 1613, hnding thefe Computations defv-ctivc, apply d himklt to this Study, and computing a Degree of the Earth to m;.ke I'jDiuJi Miles ot 18000 RlnuLmtiiih Feet each, he made the Circumference of the Larth to be 8640 fuch Miles. Tlie Curious may h\'^' the leieral Ways of making up thofe (Computations in Sir Ifaac iVt-.ir./;'s Editio'i ol Vii.eiii::'., with his own Opinion and Anim.idverlions upon tlicm, Lil<. 1. oip. 4. Tiie Learned Mr. Keil, in his Examination of Dr. Bmmt's Theory, inaLes tiiu Surf.ice j7Cy8ioi2 /!,:li,iii Miles. J\I. (L Pi'y, in his iMcthodf Ahrcpy, or Shot t Method fo;- UmniMgCecgrafhy, prilled at tiie Hagtu in 1706, fays, the '■' emh Royal Academy of Scien- ces computed a Degrei- upon the Larth to be 57060 Ti'iles of the Cha- telet of Pans, whicii make 28 /•',;,;* Leagues ci" 2000 Toifes each ; ac- cording to whicli Coin; utation, he makes the Circumference of the Larth IC080 /V(/M League-, its Surtace 5rj3568i4 Leagues, its Diameter 5210, ;;•'.', IS Solidity 17-; 1 :9-i'j'~'04 (Cubical Leaijiie'.. take the third of its Prodii(5t, that third will give us 12310(518560 Cu- bic Leagues for the fohd (^^laiitity of tlic Terreftrial (ilobe. SuiijiiH piti. in his Introduciion to (jtography, printed at Amflerd.im in 1708, does, upon the fame Foundations, make the Circumtereiiec of tlic Cilobe iiooo common /Jm.A Leagues, or 2i<'>oo common li.di.in Miles. The Surtace of the Globe '5 Millions and half of coiiimDU F,eihh Leagues, or 148 Millions 5108..0 of Ccomctrical or common It.ilun fquarc Miles. The Solidity of the Clobe 12 Millions of Millions, and ?io Millions of common FteiiJj Cubit Leagues, or 170 Millions of Millions, iSr Millions and 900 (;eomerrital or common /uiIim Cubic Miles, that is, fo many fquare lolid Malles of a M.Ie in Lengtii, Breadth -iid Thick- nefs each. Dr. Pf.mis in his Lexicon Ttilwnum, fays, that according ro the Fimcb Mealures, the Circiimterence of the Earth is i25;4(;6og Pmis Feet, or 2464'>;' Eiigtijh Miles ; the mean Semi-Diameter iy6i58oo Pam Feet, or 5y;; Miles of 5000 Feet to a Mile. But the Eartli is higher at the Equator than at the Poles 85200 F'eet, or 17 Miles, (o that the Radius of It may be taken in a round Number, as jcooooooo Feet, and he makes the iohd Content 5000,000000,000000,000000 Cubic leet. Mr. .S'lW.s, i!i his Introdiietion to(jeograph), printed at /.ow/tn in 1717, reduces the Dimeniions of the Earth, according to the Firmb Meafures, into Lnq^lijh thus : A Degree 69 ,' Eiiglijb Miles ; the (Jiicumt'ercnce 2481^8 ;', i the Diameter t^jz^ \ ; the Semi-Diameter 3962 \; the Surface I 411,144745545 £i/^. Miles iquare ; the Solidity 7267044272662001370 E'lvjij!.' Cubic Miles. »Ve have given the Reader this \'ariety, that he may fee the great Dittercnce betwixt Authors on this Subjedrt, and chiile which Compu- tation he plcafes; though we think the lall Account to be the molle.xad, becaufe it agrees with NIr. Nu, uWs Experiment, and chat of the Fiemh Mathematicians, as Dr. Hu,,ii hath (hewn. T}:e 'Dimaifions of the Sea by it flf. Mr. AV/7, in the Bocli above-mention'd, computes the Surface of t!ie whole Ocean, or ot all the Seas of the Globe at 854c;oo5o6 fquarc Miles ; and theiefore fiippoling the Depth, one P'lce with another, to be i of a Mile, the (^lantitv of Water in the whole is 2137626 \ Cubic- Miles. Suufon jun.hyi, that tho' the Magcllanick Continent be not entirely difcoiered, and that it is the fame with the Ardtick, yet the Globes and general Maps give us no ground to think that tixrc's near fo much Wa- ter as Land on the Surface of our Globe -. He fuppofcs therefore tiic Surface of the Water to be 74,255,400 common Italian fquarc Miles. As to the Depth of the Sea, 'tis pretty well known near the Coafts; but that's nothing in refpedt of the great Extent of the reit of the Sea, whole Depth is not known. Pilots reckon it without bottom when it exceeds 200 Fathom in depth ; and fome alledge, that it no where ex- ceeds 500 Fathom, yet others pretend that in ibine Places it exceeds four Geometrical Miles. But fuppoling it were a Mile deep every wiierc, the folid Content would be about 74,255,400 Geometrical Miles. If you fuppofe the Larth to be every where as tliick as its Semi- Dia- meter, except wiiere we fuppofe the Sea to be a Mile deep ; fubftrafting the 74,255,400 Cubical Miles of the Sea from the folid Content of the TeneiVial Globe, which we have computed at 170,181,000,900, there v:\\\ rcniiin 170,106,745,500 Cubic Miles for the folid Contents of the / INTRODUCTION. The Figure of the Earth. The Learned tliiiik it moft probably to be that of an Oblate Spheroid f'Velliiip out towards the Equator, and flatted or contradcd towards the Poles, lb that the Diameter of it at the Lqtiator is lonj^er than the Axis about 62 Miles, according to Sir /J.im A'mton, in the New Ir'.dition ot' liis Famous PMo/if/ux NMtiraln I'rmapni Miitkmtiiiia. The late Learned Dr. Gifffiry, in his Aftronomid GeomiiHa (j P/'\/h,i, I'top. ^z. Lil>. 3. exhibits a Method to determine the Figure of the I .uth tx.idtly, and to find the Ratio ol the Axis of it to its Lquatoiia! Diameter; and otters Demonllratio!is, to prove that the Figure ot' the Larth mtift be an Oblate Spheroid. But whatever be its exact Figure, (leopraphers are all now agreed that 'tis Spherical or Cilob lar, and actordiiigly adign it 3^0 Degrees ok' Latitude, ami as many ot' Longitnde. That it is Splicrical from F^all to Weft, is cviilcnt t'lom dail_v Expe- rience, becaufe the Sun and Scars rile and f:t loniicr to thole who live taft from us thantothofe who live Welt lioin us; and on theotlier Hand, they rife and fet later to thofe who live Weft from ns than they do to us, according to the ptoporiion of Time, which the Diftance ot their Me- ridians h.ive from oiirj. This cou'd not beunlefs the Lartli were ( Jlobu- lar ; for if it w^re plain or Hat, as fome of the An.ients imaijin'd, all the Inhabitants of the Wotld muft fee the Sun and Srar-. rill' and let at the fame time, and the Ltlipfcs wou'd be vilible to tli;.ni in tiie fame manner. That 'tis aWo Spherical from SoiiJi to Ncrth, is as evident ; for as Travellers or Sailors ad\ance towards the ore or the other i'ole. the I'ulc they advance to is regularly elevated above their Hori/on the (Hwntity of a Dt-gtee for every 70 Nlilcs they tra»el or lail ; anel tlv.- ot..ci Pole is fo ninth deinels'd or l'i;i;k, till at lall they (]iiite loll' t.ie Si!:,iit of tl:e Pole they fail or iia\tl from, and alio ol die Srais aboi.t it, it thct Joutney or V'oyai'.c the other way be long enough. Tl-.ere are other Arguments, obvious to e\ery one's Appreher.llon, to prove tiie Spherical lorin of the harth, as tlie roiii d Snadow t: calls upon tlie Moon in an Eclipfe ; and that when we travel either b;.- Land or S.a, from Places where there arc high Towers aid Mountaiiiv, the lower Parts of 'em dilappear firll, and tlien we gradiia :y lofe light if tlient 11. 1 they difappear wholly. In like manner, when we lail or travel towards a Tower or Mointain, the tops of 'em tirit aiMK-ar to our V'l.w, and then the lower Parts appear gradually as we appioach, un- til we fe; the lowermoft. The like is co be (aid of Ships wnieh ;,'o trom or ';o;,K towards the Shore ; wl-.en they fail from iiv, tiie Hull tnd dif- apixars, then the Sails, and at lall the top ot' the M.ift, ti;l Ihe is quite out of liL;iit. The Spherical Foim oftheharth has been alfopro\'d by the Obleivarions and Pr..ctiee of l-"oreign and Domei'tick N..- ;;.; itors, who failing rou.id the Earth, either Eaitu ard or W eltward, ha\ c a; ii\ 'd at the Ume Meridian fromwhencc they fet out. Of the Mnion and Situation of the Earth. There arc five diftcrcnt Syflems about th.s Matter; of which we fiiall give a brief Account as follows : I . I'tnlom)\ is commonly, tho' not truly reckon 'd the moll ancient. He fuppos'd the Terrai]neous tilobe to be immovalily h.\'d in the C enter ot the World ; that t!:e Scars tnrn'd round the Earth : that the Moon was neareft, and then M:>iii>\, I'emi', the Sun, Mui', Jupne^-. S.i!::iii, atui the fix'd Stars above one aiutther in their leveral Q-bs. '1 ue Srats he fan- cy 'd CO be carry 'd round the larch in 24 Hours by the Prtmum Mchile. He thought the Planets mov'd in a little Circle, cali'.l by him ai' hpu\ik, whole Center mov'd in die Circumference of the grea' Cuc'e ot each Planet. He concciv'd the ti.x'd Stars, which arc a!v/av. eq^ially dilunt from one another, to iiave only one Heav'n, call 'tl the I'lrmament, over which he fancy'd there were two Chr\ft;:llines, ore to .xclain the pro- per Mo;ioii of the Siars, and the other to atcoi.nt for tne Inequality of the Lcliptick. The Pimiim Ml/ilc he fane;, 'd ro melole .11 the Heav'ns, and that in 24 'Hours it carried about all the other Sphcteior Heav'ns. Tii: llcond is that of C hmkin, who indeed revix'd the fiift and mcft ancient Syftem of I'ubagoia . He places the Sun in the Center ; makes Venuf and Afciv.^ turn round the Sun, and the J''anh the like, as alfo round its propti Center. The Moon turns rourid the Earth, afterwards M.iru Jupiter, &uitin, and the fix'd Stars have their proper Orbs above one another J and the latter arc Co far from the Sun, thai the Dillance of SaturH is nothing in comparifon to theirs. The third is thiX oi Tfcho-Biiilie, who places the Earth in the Center i he makes the Moon, the Sun, and the fix'd Stars turn round the Earth, and Mercury, Veum, Mars, Jupiter and Mtum revolve roiinit the Sur. The fourth is call'd the Comportte Syllem, invented by Maytiaiim Capell't, in which the Moon, Sun and Stars are plac'd as in the Syftems of Tyho and Ptolomy ; S.iiurii, Jupiter and Mars, as ill tiiat of Vtuhny, and Mvcury and Feuiu, as in that of Tyc/io. The fifth Syftem is that of Des Cartes, who explains that of Cupcynkm. He fiippofes the World divided into feveral Vortices ; the Sun imniov;i- ble in the middle of his Vortex ; the fix'd Stars as fo many Suns, wlio have their proper Vortices : The Earth he reckons among the Plaiets, 5. Next to the Eartli, Mars alone, without any Vifibic Satellite at- tending him, revolves round the common Centre, the Sun, in auout two Years. 6. Next to Mars, thougli at a mighty Diftance, Jupiter the largcft of the Planets, with his four remarkable Satellites, makes his Kound in 1 2 Years. 7. Saturn, with his fire little Moons about him, accofding to Cajjlni, defcribes in ?o Years the fattheft and remotell Orbit, and compleats the incite planetary Chorus. That the annual Motion belongs to the Earth about the Sun, and not to tlie Sun about the Earth, is prov'd by the Learned Mr. IVhifton in his Lemmata fo dcmonflratively, that the Coiitroverly betwixt the Pto- lomaick and Pythagorean Syllems is thereby for ever determiii'd. As to the Swifcr.efs of the Earth's annual Motion, Dr. Halley in his Obfervatioii of Motury in the Sun at St. Helena, Aww leyj, tells us, that it far exceeds the Swiftntfs of a Kullct-Shot out of a Canon, is after the rate of three Li:g!:jh Miles and a half m a Second, which is 210 Miles in a Minute, and 1:600 Miles in an Hour. Dr. Gregi-ry in his Allronoiny fays, that the Axis of the Earth is in- clin'd to that of the Lcliptick, in an Angle of 66 Degrees 30 Minutes; and though in one annual Revolution its Axis appears to keep exaftly parallel to it felf, yet in many Years this Pofition becomes fenfibly chang'd, and that the Reafon ot the Inequality of the Earth's Motion is, becaufe (he does not dclctibc an Orbit round the Sun, properly by her own Center, but by the common Center of Gravity of the Earth and Moon. According to M. Cajjlm, the Earth's grcateft Diftance from the Sun is 22574 Semi-Diameters of the Latth ; the mean Dillance 22000, and the leaft Diftance 8022. Mr. Ul.'ijlutt, on fuppofition that the Sun's Parallax is 10 Seconds, makes the Earth's mean Dillance from the Sun 81 Millions of Miles. Sic//.:,Lm)'s Hypothclis is very per- , plext and intricate in folving thofe Hypochefes wliicii his Followers pretend may be folv'd by it, as, i. \\hy the Planets fometimes ap- pear retrograde, ar.d particularly S.itunt oi'tner and longer than Jupiter, Jup.ter tliaiiil/.i's itc. and fometimcs Stationary. 2. Why/iwH is j never dillant ftom the Sun above 50, nor Mer.nn above 30 Degrees, aiidconfequently are never oppollces to him. 3. Why Ihan appears j'lft after the fecting, and betorc tlie ri:i;ig of the Sun. V. rean ;:nd Me Liny, when view'd thtough a Tclelcopc, are plainly kxn to iiicreafe, decreafe, and to have their //'.;/./ likj the Mocn; whereas, accord- ing to PiJoiny, their enligliten'd Sides could never be cowarus us, but wiien they were in oppolition to the Sun, that i<:, when the Earth v.as nearly between the Sun and them, as it is with the Moon ; but they- never are in oppolicion to the Sun, as already oblerv'u, and appear full at their Conjunctions with lum, about whom they therefore evidently move. There are many other Arguments urg'd ae.iiift Ptc/cmy's Hypo- thclis, for which we reter the Curious to thole w::o have \::it exprelly on the Subjeei; what's faid above being enough for C^eogiaph)', and to give us a Light into the Motion and Situation of the Terraqueous Globe. Of the Di'vifiom of the Earth into Continents, Sec. The Earth and the Sea divide one another into Parts upon the Surface of our Globe ; and the Conlideration of this is what the Learned call Natural Cicogiaphy. The great Parts of the Earth arcnam'd Contiwiji'. becaufe they con- ^▼" Of the Lotrer WORLD, or EARTH and SEA in General. 'TS obvious to common \'ic\v, tliat our lower WoiUi isiiivi- diJ into Laiki and Slj ; Tlic Learned lave been veiy eii- rio.is in their Liiqiurics about tlic Dmienlions ot' each, and tlieir Proportion to o; c another, but lune luit yet been able tv) determine with any certainty, whether Sea or La;;d takes >ip moft ot" the Siirtace ot" our Cilobe, becaufe we know but little ot thole Parts ot" the World about the North Pole, and nothing ot' what tiietc is al)Oi:t t!ie boiitli Pt>le. 'Tis doubted by the Learned, whether there be any Inhabitants under either Pole; \et 'tis probable there may, lincc ])r. H'i..ii has prov"d, that the Solllitial Day under the Pole is as iiot as li'ider tiie l.qiiinortial, when the bun is vertical to tiiem, or in tlieir /■.:nitii, becaul'e tor all the 24 Hours ot' that l)a\ under the Polr, the Si:n-H.'an;s are uiclin'd to the Uori/on with an Angle ot' :; Deiirees \ ; v.vereas under ti)e ti]uinoetial, tho' he becomes vertical, jet h- liDiies '^o more than i : Hours, and is abfcnt 1 2 ; and belides, tor three Hours eiqht Minutes ot' that 1 j Hours he is above tlic Hon/o.'i there, he is not ill much elevated as under the Pole. 0/ the T/imcnfuns cj the Ej>th mid Sea together. Ana>iimaiulcr, who liv'd about ';>o Years before Chrift, is the Hrfi that we know ot, wiio offet'd to defcnbe tnc Circumterenec ot the l.arth and iija ; and his Dimcniions .;re i'nppos'd to be thole mention'd by Anjktic, at t'ne dole ot" Ins Steoi.d Book coiiccrturg the Hea\er,s, t;;,. That the Cucumt'j enee ot the Earth nas 400000 ^>^adia, each Gtek ordinary J>:adium being rcckon'd ('>oo Foot. This Opinion was foDow'd rill Eui- lajlkiicf, who li<''d about ;oo Years before Chrilt, made the Circumte- renec about :^ :o?'j Stadia ; but tiieii tins muft nor have been the ordi- r.arv Stadium, becaule flu:} reduces them to 515000 Rowiin Miles. J{'f.t,u'«,/; Leagues, or 148 Millions 510800 of Geometrical or common /.•u//j« fijuare Miles. The Stolidity of the Globe 12 Millions of Millions, and 310 Milliojis of common F.cnJi Cubic Leagues, or 170 Millions of Millions, 181 Millions and 900 (Jeometrical or common lidliim Cubic Miles, that is, ("0 many fquare lolid Malles of a MJe ui Length, Breadth aiid T/iick- nefs each. Dr. Hdrvis in his I.c.\:aii 'F,Jh, fays, tiiat .ucording to the Ftiu/) Mealurcs the Circumterenec of the Earth is i2;24>;eQo Pmis l''eet, or 24649;" F.iigltjh Miles ; the mean Semi-Diameter 19015800 Pdis Feet, or 39;; Miles ot 5000 I""cet to a Mile. But the Earth is higher at the tijuator tiian at the Poles 8^200 F'eet, or 17 Miles, (o that the Radius of it may be taken in a round Number, as 200000000 Feet, and he makes the loiid Content 3000,000000,000000,000000 Cubic Feet. Mr. .S'.;«.\, m his Introduction to fJeography, printed at Awx/// in 1717, redi.tes the Dimcniions ot the Earth, according to the /•/cm/.i Mealures, into Englijh tiuis : A Degree 6.; ,' Liigli.h Miles ; the Ciicumlerencc 24898',',; the Diameter 79:5 ] ; the Semi-Diametcr 3962 J; the Sui face 1 4194474^343 £i;^. Miles (quare ; the Solidity 7267o4427j<5fiiooi370 Lngliys Cubic Miles. Ac have given the Reader this Y'aricty, that he m.ty fee the great Dirt^-Tcncc betwiNt Authors on this Subject, and chute winch Compu- tation he pleates ; though we think the laft Account to be the moll e.xatt, becaufe it aqrecs with Mr. A'i- -aWii's Experiment, and that of \\v: Fiemh Mathematicians, as Dr. Hdms hath Ihewn. 77.r Dimoifions of the Sea by it flf. Mr. A.V//, in the Book above-mcntion'd, computes the Surface of the whole Oi-can, or of all the Seas of the Globe at 854900506 fi]uarc Miles ; and thcretore I'uppoling the Depth, one Place with another, to be i of a Mile, the C^iantity vi Water 111 the whole is 2137626 | Cubic Miles. .Sdiifoii JUII. fays, that tho' the Magellanick Continent be not entirely difco\ered, and that it is the fame with the Arctick, yet the Globes and general Maps give us no ground to think that there's near fo much Wa- rer as Land on the Surtace of our Cjlobc : He fuppofcs therefore the Surtace of the Water to be 74,255,400 common It.tlian iquarc Miles. As to the Depth of the Sea, 'tis pretty well known near the Coalls j but .iiat's nothing in rcfpedt ot the great Extent of the rell of the Sea, whofe Depth is not known. Pilots reckon it without bottom when ic exceeds 200 Fatliom in depth ; and fome alledge, that it no where ex- ceeds 500 Fathom, yet others pretend that in tome Places it exceeds four Geometrical Miles. But fuppoling It were a Mile deep every where, the folid Content would be about 74,255,400 Geometrical Miles. If you fuppofe the Larth to be every where as thick as its Semi-Dia- meter, except where we fuppole the Sea to be a Mile deep ; fubllrading the 74,255,400 Cubical Miles of the Sea from the folid Content of the Terrelirial Globe, which we have computed at 170,181,000,900, there will remain 170,106,74^,500 Cubic Miles for the folid Contents of the Earth. But all this is \ ery uncertaii,'. Vdrcniui fays.that the Depth of the Sea is varions,according as the Chan- nel is more or lefs deep; that in fome Places it is found to be a whole G"irww«Mile: and that from Obfervations in moll Places, it hasappcat'd that 'tis very near equal to the Heighth of the Mountains and Inland Places; and that as much ;is they ate higher than the Shores, fo much are the Channels deeper : But the Depth is fometimes alter 'd by the Flux and Reflux, by the Increafeand Decrcafe of the Moon, by Winds, and by the fettling of Sand and Slime in tlic Channels. Whether the above-mention 'd Calculations of the Proportion the Sea bears to the Earth be any thing near the Truth or not, it i» certain that the Earth, confider'd in its Bulk, mull take up a great deal more of our Globe tlian the Water ; becaufe the Water, wherever it is, has Eartn under it, fo that even taking in the vaft Abyfs of Waters, fuppos'd to,, be in the Bowels of tJic £arth, the latter Aill carries it in Point of Di- mcniions. 'tht ) * ^nTaMC~i'i Sjihi K.il liom l-'all to '\\\-t\, is cviiliMU rroin ilaiiv M.xpc- ricncc, liccaiifc the Su:i and Stars rile ami fee (noacr to tliolc wlio live Ead from us tluii tothofc wliolivc Well (Voin us; and on the other Hand, they rife and fet later to tliofj who live Weft From iis than they do to us, aaording to tlic proportion q( Time, winch tlic Dillance ot their Me- ridians have from our J. Tliis cou'd not beimlcfs the Larth were ( ilobii- lar ; for if it wjre plain or Hat, as fome of tiie Ancients iinagin'd, all the Inhabitants of the World muft fve the Sun and Srar. rife and let at rhc fame time, and the Ltlipfcs wou'd be vilible to tln;ni in tiie fame manner. That 'tis aHt) Spherical from South to North, is as evident! for as Travellers or Sailors advance towards the one or tlie other Tule, the I\.le they advance to is regularly elevated above their Horizon the ()iiatitity of a Degree for every 70 Slilcs they travel or (ail ; and tlv- ot..ci Pole is fo much deprefs'd or funk, till at lall they quite loll- tiic Sight of tlx Pole they fail or travel from, and alio ot the Stars about it, if the.r Journey or Voyage the other way be long enough. There are other Arguments, obvious to every one's Apprehecllon, to prove tiie Spherical l-onn of the harth, as the round Shadow it calls upon the Moon in an Eclipfe ; and that when we travel either b} Land or S.a, trom Places where there are high Towers aid Mouinai.i'-, the lower Parts of 'em difappear tiril, aiui then we giadiia ly lole light if tliem ti.l they dilappcar wholly. In like manner, \\ hen we lail or travel towards a Tower or Mourtam, the tops of 'em hnt appear to our Vkw, and ilien the lower Parts appear gradually as wc approach, un- til we fee tiie lowermoft. The like is to lie (aid of Ships waich go trom or come towards the Shore ; when the) f.iil from us, th.e Hull tail dif- appears, then theSaiN, and at lall tiic top of the M.ill, till (iic c ijiiite out of li^ht. The Spherical Foim of tlieKarth has been alfopr>)\'il by the Obfeivations and Pr.;aice of I'oreign and Domeititk N.;v ';iu>rs, who failing rou.id the tarth, eitlier Ealiv. ard or Weltward, ha\t aan'd at the lame Meridian fromwheiicc they let out. Of the M)Uon and Sitiiatinn of the Earth. There arc live different Syftems about th.s Matter; of whicli we dull give a brief .Account as follows : I. l'tolonf\\ is cimiinonly, tho' not truly reckon'd the moll ancient. He fuppos'd the Terraqueous Globe to be immovably (i.i'd in the C enter of the World ; that ti.e Scars turn'd round the l-.arth ; that the Moon was rearefl, and tiien Minmr, I'tnut, the Sun, Mm', 'Jupiter, .\n I'U, .i:h1 the fix'd Stars above one another m their leveral O bs. '1 lie Stat"; he fan- cy 'd to be carry'd roii.'ii the I artli in 14 Hoi rs l)V the I'rnnurn Mthile. He thought the Plai.ers mov'd in a little Circle, cali'.i by him a:' hpuMlt; whole Center niov'd i:i the (..ircimfercncc of the grea' Circ'e ot each Planet. He concciv'd the li.\'d t- ars, which are alv/aj'. equally diliant from one another, to have only ci.t Hcav'n, call'il the I irniament, over winch he faney'd there were two v,hr\ft;;llines, ore to explain the pro- per Moiion of the S.ars, and the other to aceoi.nt tor the Inequality of the Lcliptick. The Pumum MbiL lie far.cy'd to iixlole .11 the Hcav'ns, and that in 24 Hours it carried about all the o.her Sphcttior Heav'ns. T:i: fecond is that of CpfrnlctK, who indeed reviv'd the firfl and moil ancient Syllem i-i' I'^th.t^orui. He places the Sun m the Center ; makes VetuK and Mdiiy turn round the Sun, a^d the Earth the like, as alfo round Its propi. Center. The Moon turn^ round the Earth, at'terwarus Man, Jupiter, SMuin, and the tix'd Stars ha\e their proper Orbs above one another ; and the latter are Co far from the Sun, that the D.fiancc of SiUuitt is nothing in companion to theirs. The third is that of Tytho-Bmhe, who places the Earth in the Center; lie makes the Moon, the Sun, and the tix'd Stars turn round the Earth, and Mficury, I'emu, M.tri, Jupiter and Stituru resolve ■■oiind the Sun. The fourth is call'd the Compofite Syftem, invented by MirtuviHi Ctiptlii, in which the Moon, Sun and Stars are plac'd as in t!ie Syllems of 'JjJ'o and Ptolomy ; Xituni, Jupiter and M.in, as in tiiat of I'tuhm ; and M.-nurt and I'tum, as in that of Tlt/w. The hftii Syltem is that of Des Carter, who explains that of Cifeyiihin. He fappoks the World divided into feveral Vortices ; the Sun immova- ble in the middle of his Vortex ; the hx'd Stars as fo many Suns, wl-.o have their proper Vortices : The Earth he reckons among the Plaiet.';, and to turn with them, and alt the Matter round the Sun Uom the Welt through the South, towards the EaU. There are live Planets wliich turn round Saturn, and tour round Jupi- ter, callil their Satellites, that were ur''nown to the Ancients. But of all thofe Syllems, that of Pytlugurus, rcviv'd by C'i/'fr»(i7/f, and improved (ince his Time, is moll generally rcceiv'd and adher'd to by Alironomers. Dr. Hurrn in liis Lesuoit 'I'edmicum gives it in brief as follows : I. The Sun is fuppos'd to be plac'd in the Middle, very near the Center of Gravity of the intire Syftem, in the common Focus of every one of the planetary Orbits. 1. Next to him Merairy, in about three Montlis, defcribes his Elliplis round the Suii,and that fonear,that wc rarely obtain a diftiniit Viewof him. 3. Next to Mercury is the Elliptick Orbit oi I'oius, whole Period round the Sun is fcven Montlis J. 4. Next to Vtnus, the Earth witii its Attendant the Moon perform a joint Courfe round the Sun» and meafuce out the annual Period. after the rate of three Li.gujh Miles anu a halt in a Second, v.iucli ii> 2 10 Miles in a Minute, and 11600 Miles in an Hour. i)r. Giigory in his Alhonomy fays, that tiic Axis of the Earth is in- clin'd to that of the Ecliptick, in an Angle of 66 Degrees 50 Minutes; and though in one annual Revolution its Axis appeats to keep exaftly parallel to it felf, yet in many Years this Polition becomes fenlibly chang'd, and that the Realiju of the Inequality of the Earth's Motion is, becaufe (he does not Uelcribc an Orbit round the Sun, properly by her own Center, but by the common Center of Gravity of the Eartli and Moon. According to M. CnfJJiii, the Earth's grcatcft Diftancc from the Sun is j2 5 74 Semi-Diameters of the Earth ; the mean Dillance 12000, and the leall Diftancc 8022. Mr. If^hijlun, on fuppolltion that the Sun's Parallax is 10 Seconds, makes the Earth's mean Dillance from the Sun 81 Millions of Miles. Sir //.(i/cA''fU/o« alfo takes t/ie Earth's Diameter feen from the Sun to be 24 Seconds, and confequently tlie Sun's Parallax to be ij, which agrees with the Obfervation of Mr. FLimJUiul our t'amous Altionomer; and in that cafe, the Diftancc from tiic Earth to the Sun will be as llatcd b) Mr. U'hijhtt. From the above-mention 'd Obfcrvations and Reafims, among others, tlie Cipe.iiuani bring many Arguments againft /Wwm's Syftem, as, Firft, It is very improbable that fo many and fo great Bodies fhon'd be car- ry'd with i'o fwift a Motion, -viz. above Hundreds of Thoufands of Miles ill a Minute, as the (i.\'d Scars mull be, aecoruing to Ptolomy's Hypothelis, and to the leall Dillance that any other afcribcs to them : efpecially when all the Ends ailigii'd to this Motion, as to give us Night and Day, Winter and Summer, may be as fully obtain'd by tiiecompa- r.uuely llow Motion of tiie Earth, which, in reij ecc to then;, is but a Point. II. Since the Earth borrows Light from the S .n, as all the Planets do, 'lis very probable that the Ea;-th mo\'.s with them, wliiiii: the Sun and rix'd Stars, whuh have Light of the;r owr, are at reft. ''' It feems very rcalonable that the Periods of 1 evolving Bodies fl.,^iiid hi proportionable to their Orbs, for the longer the Space is in u iacJi they move, the longer miift be the Time. Now, according to Ptolomy, the Piimiim Mbile, whicli is his highcft anil moll cxtenlive Sphere, moves round in a Day, Smidh in 30 Years, Jupiter in 1:, Man in two, the Sun, I'enns 3.nd Alerctiry, which have feveral Orbs, he fuppofes to agree in making their Revolutions in about a Y'ear. The Abfurdity and Con- tradictir)n of this, conlidcring the ditfeicnt Extent of their Orbs is pal- p..ble, whereas, by making the Earth a Planer, nothing can be more harmonioiis, than that j.iii Proportion bervvi\t the Bignefs of its Orl> and the lime of its Motion. IV. Pti.Lmj's Hypothelis is very per- ple.\t and intricate in folvin.i; thofe Hjpotheies winch his Followers pretend may be folv'd by it, as, i. Why the Pla.nets fometimes ap- pear rctfograde, and particularly Saturn ot'tner and lor.ger than Jupiter, Jup:ter tliiii Ma (, iic. and fometimcs Stationary. :. Why iliiiu is never dillant from the Sun above 50, nor Me<\!iry above 30 Degrees, and confc<)uently are never oiipoiices to hini. 3. Why/twn appears j'lft alter the letting, and betore the ri:i:ig of the Sun. V. Phin and jMe lUiy, wiien view'd throui:h a Teleleope, are plainly dca to increale, lietreafe, and to have their //.•..// lik- the Mocn; wliercas, accord- ing to pLMni, their enligiiten'd Sides could never be towarus us, but wlicn thc\ were i\\ oppoiinon to the Sun, that i";, when the Earth v.as nearly between the Siin and them, as it is with the Moon; bur they never are in oppolicion to the Sun, as already oblerv'J, and appear full a: tiieir Conjunctions with him, about whom they therefore evidently move. There are many other Arrjumcnts urg'd aq.^i :ft Ptckmy's Hypo- thelis, for which we refer the Curious to thole w::o have v.nt exprelly on the Subject; what's faid above being enough for Cieography, and to give us a Light into the Motion and Situation of the Terraqueous Globe. Of the Dii'ifwm of the Earth into Comment!^ Sec. The Earth and the Sea divide o':e another i:-,tc Parts upon the Surface o\ our Globe ; and the Coniideration ot this is v.-lut the Learned call Natural Cieog.aphy. The great Paits of tiie Earth are nam'd Cdiiti'mit', becauie they con- tain valt Traas of Land; and tiie Idler Parts, divided I'toin thole' Con- tinents, are call'd llat:d'. The Continents are reckon'd four, •viz,, i. Ours, which is the largcft, bjcaufe it contai.is Europe, Aia and Africa ; 'tis called Edfiern, in refpert of us Situation to Ame.ica; and the Ohi fflnU, becauie tirft known and planted. 2. Ar,:eiica .all'd Kifte u, in rcfpect of its Situation to outs ; and the N<-j:ll''uiId, becaufe not ki-.own to us till difcover'd by Cc/umim. 3. The Sout/ieiii unknown Parts call'd lora i\iageL'a;:ica, from Magellati the tirft Eunpean Dilcoverer. 4. The Northern unknown Parts ; but we know (0 little of the two laft, that 'tis not certain whether they be Illands, or join'd to the other Continents. 'Tis to be obferv'd, that Continents arc alfo call'd TtrrA Firrn.i, or Alatii f.andi ; and larger Illands are fometimes call'd fo, in rcfpeifl of the lell'cr Illands that lie about them. A Peniiiful.t, in Greek Cherlctieltu, is a Traft of Land tiiat runs out into the Sea, which encompall'cs it on all Sides, except a fmall Neck wliich joins it to the Main Land- 10 INTRODUCTION, An IJlhmiii is tli.1t Neck of Land wliicli joins a rawtfuU to tlic Mam Lanil. A Promontory, C.ipc, or Hi.-ad Land, is a Mountain or hipli Hill on an) Part ot tlic Coad, which runs out into the Sfa; and it tin re be no Riling', or but a Imail one on (iidi Part of a Coalt, 'tis callM a Ponn. Downs arc llills ot' Sand along tlic Coall, and commo.ilv near tlic Mouths ot' urcat Rivets. Riiin,:,- Tracts ot' Laiul within the Coun- try are alfo t.ili'.i by that N.imc in £.,-i;/,;;;,/, as BMilk.id-Dr.uK, &e. 1: tomes troni the old G.iu!:J: i.^rL\!!:i. Word D:i>i, (ignit')ini; an Hill, as was lonij r^o oli'erv'd by Hut.inh in his Book ot Rivets, and comes from the //;/.' to us. For tlie Definitions of Mountains, "V'allejs, Lakes, Rivers, Forrens, Def.irts, ciTi-. with wliieli fome Geo{,'taphers crowd tiicir Ijooks, wepafs them over as known to every Body.' The Dh'ifKH! cf the Ocean. As tlic Sea divides the Earth, the Earth alfo divides the Sea. That which l'urro'.;nds the Earth is proptily call'd the Oum, being fo nam'd by the Grids, bccaufe of its ebbing and flowing ; but tliey tirll call'd it O^eiios, from thcPhxtiuiuii Word 0^, bccaufe it cncompals d the Earth. The Ancients call'd it the Extenor Si\i, to dil'tinguilh it from the Mtdi- :i, I ,;;;i.i«, which they call'd Iiiteiivr : But now any great Part of the Sea is call'd O.cM, as the Noithem, the U\JhrH or AtUituk, the Gicjt Paa- f.L, the Ethicpuk, and tiie ///./;.;;) Oictii, tkc. and Sea is generally given to the fma!! Parrs, and as well as Ocean, receives its Denomination from the Countries wiiich lie upon it, as the Gemwi Sea, Sec. and there- fore belongs to the Political Part of Geography. There arc alfo Seas in Inland Countries which have no vifible Com- munitarion with other Seas, as the Cifpian, the Sea of G.iliUe, &c. m Ajli , and there arc fcveral great Lakes in Eurofv call'd Seas b>' tlie Gtr- mMf and Dm J), as the Lakes of Kurlem, Conflame, Geneva, &:c. The Name of ArJiipcLign was formerly peculiar to the JEgean Sea, bttcaulc of its great Number of lllands that communicated their Names to tlie Parts of the Sea wliich furroundcd tlicm ; but now It's become an Appellative to anj Sea where there are many Iflands near one another, as the AiJjjpcl.igo of St, Lizaym in the E>il?-/,iJiei, where the AtiUiva lllands lie. Straits arc cither fuch narrow Parts whiclt open a Communication betwixt ditterent Seas, as tiiole betwixt Dner and Cil.in, which pafs betwixt the Gtym.m and li'.Jh'iii Ohm; thofc call'd tlie Struiti of A/.«- _Zi:':.iii, wluth pal's berwivc thole nam'd the Soui/) and North Si,i, on the l-ait and Welt Side ot A'licru-t, or fuch as open a Pallage betwixt the Main Ocean and Inland Seas, as tlie Siuml whicli pallcs betwixt the Germ.iii Uu.iii and the li.tltick, and thc.V/i,///j of Giir,i/ijr, whicli open a Communication betwixt tiic AtLiiituk and the Mednei i mic.ui. A Gulph is a Part of the Sea which runs far into the Country be- twixt two Points, wliich inclofe it as 'iwere m a Uofom ; hence the L.uim call it ,S'm«s and the Gre.b xoAttt, wiience iome derive our Word Inilph, Of this Sort is the Gulph of IwiuLi or Mexuo. Such of 'cnj as are large, go indifferently by the Name of Sea or Gulph, as that of AA-x/c", the B.iltiik, call'd anciently .Smui Cudanui, the Red Se,t call'd the Ar,ttiM Gulph, and the Adn.itult call'd the Guiph of I'eiiice. A Bay fcems only to be diftinguifli'd from a Gulpli, becaufc it docs not run fo f.ir into the Land ; to wiiich Hiidfun's B.i\ fcems to be an E.vceptioii, though it might be more properly caU'd a' Gulph, as being of a vail Extent, and running far within Land. In S.otLwd they have fcveral Divifions of the Sea they call Fmht or Fr:thi, from tile Lttm Word Fiitum, as the Fnth of Edwhmgh, (o large at the Mouth, and running fo far into the Country, that 'tis alfo call d the &.ouijh Sea by ancient Authors. Of the fame Nature arc the Fntht of Clyde in<.\ Murray i but that call'd PeHthland-Fmh, betwixt Caithnejs and the Orkney lllands, is properly a Strait, which opens a Pallage betwixt the German and Deuculedonian Seas. In this Cnintry, and in the North of Ireland, great Inlets of the Sea arc alfo call'd by the Name of Louthi or ljlke<. * For Harbours, Creeks, (7(. made by Inlets of the Sea, they are fa Mrcll known that they need no Defcription. The End of the INTRODUCTION. ISSHiiSliiiKSIg? / ■P^ # '^ ^. *T-^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) t ^ fc ^ 1.0 I.I U lii !!■ |;s 12.0 1.8 1.25 1 1.4 i 1.6 ^ /: % ^> C? / /A PhotDgrapbJc Sciences Corporaiion 23 WCST MAIN STREET WEHiTER.N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 ;:* ■^ 'i 1 . A ^^ 1 ^ -Xi .^. r « 237 ^^^JM.@@^@^^^f^^^^©^@^@i(@^'^^@@^^^@^ AMERICA, I S far as is yet difcover'd, lies betwixt S. Lat. ^6. and North Lat. 78 4. So that the Length is about 8070 Miles. The Longitude is betwixt 55 6^ '4° ^^^ ff"'" London- But the Breadth very unequal, being much contrafied both in the South and North Parts, and in the Middle. The grcitcfl Breadth of North America, from the W'eft-fidc of California to the Eaft-fide of Neufo'iud/Mul is 1460 Miles; and the greateft Breadth of South America, from the Wcft-lidc of AwtothcEafl Cidcof Br.j/U, is 1800. The moft Northerly P.art lies in the fourth Climate of Months ; fo that the longed Day is above four Months : And the moll Southerly Part lies in the eleventh Cli- mate of Hours ; fo that tlie longcft Day there is fevcncetn Hours and a h:ilf. It lias the Northern unknown Ocean and Country on the North, the imlinov n Southern Land and Ocettn on the South, that call'd the Suuih- Sca on the Weft, and the Atlmtick on the Eaft. "Lis compos'dof tvo Pcninrula's, thconeiallM North, and the other South y^wiv/uj, join'd by the IJilmmf (.( Daritii. All that is faid of its being known to the An:iems of our Hemifphere is (oimdcd on mere Conjcfture, and Ar- guM'.ents at bcfl very inconclufive : Therefore 'tis properly enouglj rai- led ilie New World by us. Some are of opinion t!ut it joins to Afta on the North ; and what fjpports the Conjcfture is, that the Natives of North America have a great Refemblance in many Things to the 7m: f.ji; • But t!iere is fucli a v.ift Difference between them and the In- habitants of South /f)Hfi'.iv;, that fome are of opinion the South may have been peopled from fome part of Afuu But however that be, 'tis certain that both North and South .^wmcd were Inhabited many Ai;es before cither of them were difcover'd by Europeans : This is evident from the Multitudes of People and large Cities, the great Structures and other Improvements of Art found nerc ; and that they were form'd into regular Governments in Mexico and Peru. Cfi'iJlophcrCutunib;/f, iGemefe, was the firft European who difcover'd this Country, under the Aulpices of Ferdinand V. King of ^rragon, in 1492. But i; was more fully difcover'd by Americus VtfpMius, a Fhremine, 1497, and from him call'd America. This is what generally obtains, and is mod certain. Tet Ptviel, in his Hillory of IVahs, h\s. That a War happening in that Country, Ann.Dom. 1170, about the Succcflion, upon the Death of their Prince Ovien Gninneti}, and a Baflard having carried it from his law fal Sons, one of the latter, cal- led Madoc, ,'put to Sea on new Difcoveries ; and failing from Spain, difcover'd a new World of wonderful Beauty and Fertility uninhabi- ted ; and upon his Return, carried a great Number of People tliitiier from JVidcs in three Voyages, according to HaUust. The Places he difcover'd feem to be Virginia, New England, or tlic adjacent Country. Peter Martyr, Dcca-i.^' cap.^. feems to fupport this, when he tells us that thofe of p'irginia and Gnatemale us'd to celebrate tiie Memory of one Maduc, jl great and antient Hero. And hence 'tis fuppos'd came thofe old Britifi Words, which modern Travellers have met with in North America. Whatever there is in this Story, 'tis certain tliat tiie Englifi have a very good Plea for being the firft European Difcovcrers of North Ame- rica . For Sel/ajlian G.ibot, or Caiato, who, fome {dy, was a Venetian, and others, of Genocfe Fxtradtion, and born at Brijlol, was fent out on Difcovericsby our King, HinryVW. in 1498, and feveral LwiM Mer- chants fent Adventures with him in three or f iur fmall Ships. H.'Hinfned quotes Sir H:intphrey Gilbert's Difcovery for a new Pall'age to Cataya, wherein that Knight fays Cibato defcrib'd and fet forth that Paflugc in his Charts, which were then to be feen in the Privy Galleries at Whitehall i that he fail'd very far Weft on the North-fide ci Terra di Lakrothr, till he came to N. Lat. 6y 4- and finding the Seas ftill open, would have gone to Catnya, had it not been for the Oppofition of tlic Mariners and Mafters of the Ships. He a ent to a Nation that ap» pear'd more like Beafts than Men ; and upon his Return, in 1 501, prc- iented Hairy VII. with three Men taken in the new-found Illands, who were cloathed in Beafts Skins, cat raw Flefh, and fpoke an unknown Language. Sir iniliam Monfon, in his Naval Tracts, commends Cabor as a ftiarp folid Man, who applied himfelf to imitate Columbus, and had a hearty Defire to enrich the Englijh Nation by his Difioveries ; for which he was chofe Governor of the Merchant Adventurers for the Difcovery of unknown Lands, and had a Penfion adign'd him in the Reign ot King Edviard VI. We proceed to the Geography, and begui with. The Engli/h Empire, Difcoveries, and Settlements, in North AMERICA. 'Affii'i-B.ty lies as far North as Lat. 79. where the furihell J'oint yet difcover'd is call'd Sir T%oni,is Smith's Btiy, wiiicli \v;'.s foiinil out Uy l! Warn Baffin, an Englijbman, ini6i;, 162:, and 16:4- It lies betwixt W. Long. 74. had Tents of Seal-Skins ; but were very thievilh, and particularly fond of IronJ Some of them had Slings from whence they threw Stones againft the Englijh. In fome Parts of the Country he found Woods of Fir, Pines, Elder, Yew, Withy, and Birch, with ftorc of :k"^ F-3.- ..Jr^ -^ ,..:i fl \i r AMERICA, S far as is yet difcover'J, lies betwixt S. Lat. ytf. and North Lat. 78 i- So that the Length is about 8070 Miles. The Longitude is betwixt J J 6' 140 Weft from London' But the Breadth very unequal, being much contrafted both in the South and North Parts, and in the Middle. The grcatcfl Breadth of North America, from the Weft-fide of California to the Eaft-fide of Nevfoimdlaitd h 2460 Miles; and tliegreateft Breadth of Soutli America, from tiie wcft-fidc of Peru to the Eaft-fidc of Brajil, is 1 800. The moft Northerly Part lies in tlie fourth Climate of Months ; fo that the longeft Day is above four Months : And the moft Southerly Part lies in the eleventh Cli- mate of Hours ; fo that the longeft Day there is fcvcntccn Hours and a half. It has the Northern unknown Ocean and Country on the North, the unknown Sourhcrn Land and Ocean on the South, that call'd the &uth- Sca on the Weft, and the Atl.iiitick on the Eaft. "I'is compos'dof two Pfninliila's, the one call'd North, and the other Soutli ^wi-z-ui/, join'd by tlic IJl/imuf I ( Dariiii. All that is faid of its being known to the Antii'iits of our Hcmifphcre is founded on mere Conjcfture, and Ar- gun:ents at bcft very inconclufive : Therefore 'tis properly enough rai- led i!ic New World by us. Some are of opinion that it joins to A/ia on tlic North ; and what fjppcrts the Conjefture is, that the Natives cf North Ameiica have a great Refemblance in many Things to the 7^,;7..i J • But there is fiu li a v.i.ft Dift'crence between tlicm and the In- habitants of South ^wcr.V.'/, that fome are of opinion the South may have been peopled from fome part of AJt.i. But however that be, 'tis certain tiiat both North and South Wwci/c/i were Inhabited many Ai;es before either of them were difcover'd by Europeans : This is evident from the Multitudes of People and large Cities, the great Structures and other Improvements of Art found nere ; and that thi-y were form'd into regular Governments in Alexico and Peru. Ch i/lo[hcr Cvlunibui, a Geiioefe, was tlie firft European who difcover'd tills Country, under the Aufpices of Ft'rdiriatid V. King of Arragon, in r4i)i. But it was more fully difcover'd by Americus Vefputtui, a Fhidiiine, 1497, and from him call'd .<^mmVrf*>r<'?>jy«>>vf'?'vr^,«'^:ij<*«>}¥.»>M^ m - ^iwm^W'msr^^^'^'^^m^ The Efig/iji Empire, Difcoveries, and Settlements, North AMERICA. m I. "^i^^^.lffi'.'i-P-iy lies .ns f.ir North as Lat. 79. wliere the furtheft ''''i)"S?i i'''"^ >'-'^ difcover'd is call'd Sir Thomas Smith's Bay, wliicli was found out hy IIW am Baffin, an Englijhnan, in i(5i:, i6i2, and 16:4. It lies betwixt W- Long. 74. tr 48. lias Gyct-nliihl on the Eaft, and thoi'e call'd Alder- man ly.vi.vi's .-.nd Sir Jamci La.u.ijlei's Souiidf on the Weft. But Baffin dc(p.iiring nt a Pallat^c that Wa) , he return'd, and we have no further Account of it. IT. Diivii't-ytrait' had tlieir Name from Mr. Ju/jrt Z). The Natives refembled t\\c Tartars in Complexion and Features, anil were clad with Seal-Skins. Tiiey took a Boat w itii fome of his Men. He return'd that fame Year, and brouglu a piece of black Stone, which being eflay'd by fome Refiners, they fiid it contain'd a good Proportion "of Gold ; fo that he made another Expe- dition thither in 1577, found more of that Ore, whicli contain'd a # 238 NORTH AMERICA rood Qdnntity of Gold ; but was drove fi cm the Place by Ice, and cculil not bring oft' much Ore. The Natives liad Huts ot WNiicbonc, cove, 'd V itli Seal- Shins. Thev trapann'd lome ok his Men. He return d, brciclit home fome of the Ore, which being tried, and promiling well, he went on a third Expedition, and advanc'd as far as /fVuvoi Sound, at the Eaft-(idc of Fvrbijher's Straits; but could not again hnd cither the Inhabitants or the Ore. IV. Hiidh's Straits lie betw ixt Term di LnhoraHor, or Nnv Britain, and James's Illand, Lat. 60 & 6y They v ere difcover'd by Henry Hiidjon, in Ei^lijh'ian, in four Voyages in i(?07, 1608, '609, fnd 1610. When he came to the liland |of D. /^ /wr/w;, hevasnoppdby con:rary Winds and great Shoals of floating Ice. It appear'd by his Chart, that he had entcr'd a liundred Leagues hirther into thofe Straits than any Eut^lijhnan had done before him ; but had the Misfortune of a mutinous Crew, who put him and eight others into a Sloop w i:h very little Provifiins ; fo that he was nevermore heard of The Leaii's of the Mutiny came to miferable Ends; and the Siiip was broiight home by one i'ncirt, who gave an Account of the Atiair. V. H.iafin\ Bay had its Name from the fame Pcrfon, who firft dif- ccTCr'd it ; but a' further Difcovery was made by Sir Thm.n Buttai, from whom the North-weft Part of it was eall'd Buttiu's ]ii\ , ami the Coafts on the Weft-fide were eall'd A^evi North and South IVala. This Ea-; '■ betvixt Lat. 52 cir 6(5. The greateft Lcngrli is about S40 Miicf , and the greateft Breadth J40. The beft Account oi it is giv? n by Capt. 7rtWf.',who fairdhithertrom.Bny?o/in 1631, gave his ovn Name to the South part of it, and winter'd there at an Illand which he eall'd C/ijrlioii. His Account of the Tcmpcfts, Shoals and Mountains of Ice, and the Hirrcnncfs c( the adjacent Country, with what he and his Men fi-.ftei'd, by vhichmany of 'cm died, was enough to dcier anv oUicr fivin going thither again : Vet in 1667 oik GiUam enter'd this Bay, and fail'd as far South as Lat. 51. to a River, which he cal- led Ruftr!\, vhcre he corrcfponded witli the Natives for Furs, CTi. built a Fort which he eall'd CAjc/f/, after King CharlciU. v ho gave a Patent for the Bay and Straits to Prince Rupet and the Owners of Ci&wt's Ship in 16-0. This laid the Foundation of the H:idluH\-liiy Company, who erected fcveral Forts, and dealt v ith the Nativ es for Bcver-Skins. The French fciz'd it in i6Si ; but the ILr,f,lijh recover'd it. The Ee)hh from Qiieiec feii'd all in u 8(5, but Port Nel'fon. It was feveral times after taken and retaken by the Eeiuh and En-!ii, but rc- ftor'd to us by the Treaty of Utrecht in 171;. VI. Terra d! LahraJer, or Nrv Br-tim, has H:dfon\ Straits on the North-cafi, Hidfi-n'sBr/ on the Weft, the Ocean" on the Eafi, and Canad.t anci Xc-j'rnnJlanil on tlie South. It lies betwixt Lat. 50 cir 63. is of a vaft E:.tcnt, andclaim'd by x\\cEn^Jijh, as difovcrM hyCalct, together v ith Ncv.fvuKdland, in the Reign of f/iitry VII. The Frei.h claim it as part of GjKrt(/,i, and have civiliit'd fome of tiie Lilubitants, who dwell for the moft part in Caves, and fublift chicly by tifhing and huntin;^. The Coiuitry is mountainous, and abounds w ::h wild Ccafts. VII. W-ifcur!j!ai:d is fcparated from Terra di latnador by the Straits ot AVi lOe en thcSo'.stii, has the Gulph of St. L.r^rence on the Weft, the Ocean and the g' tat Bank on the Eaft, and the AtlantiiL on the Scl;:;i. T'is of a tiiangular Figure, reckon'd as big is Ireland, and three iiundied Lcac^uts in Compals. 'I"he greateft Length is 545 Miles, and lie grciteft Breadth i 1 1 ; but it contracts to a Point in the North ami Soutii Pi'is. Ir lies betwixt L.it.45 (7 ^i. and Long. 55 o 50. Ir has many onlicnt Harbours and Bajs on the Eaft-lide. Some of them run twenty Leagues vithin Land. 7^;H;fv Bay, in Lat. 49. is very convenient for Ships iu bad Weather, and has three Branches hrge enci;j;ii U r many Hundreds of Veilels to anchor in. That of Trl'i-ajt^, near tiie South-eaft Comer of the Illand, is bold, fafe, and cc n> cnient for Ships in Diftrefs, .".s tliey pafs to or from Virginia, New Eiyjand, iijc. Wc have not Room to inlift on the Hiftory of the Illand, ;uid cf the Adicns betwixt us and the f>-*«i7» there; but only that it was icftor'd to us by the Treaty of Utrecht, tho with fuch Con- cefTions to the fremh to (ifli and cure there, by the thirteenth Article, as vtrc much objected apainft, bccaufe they were allow 'd to fifli and dry in the beft Part cf it, tho we arc at all the Lxpcnce of tlic Fcvts and Garifons. The Climate here is very hot in Summer ; but fo cold in V/inter, which lafts fix Months, that there's fcarcc any ftirring abroad ; and the Inhabitants of the North Parts are forc'd to remove from the Har- bours into the Wootb, where they build Cabins, and provide thcra- fth es w ith Firinc; from the Woods. The Illand is full of inaccefTiblc Mountains and Forefts. What they call their Meadows, arc Heaths covcr'd with a fort of Mcfs, and the Soil is a Mixture of Gravel and Stones. Here's Fir and other Trees fit for Mafts, building of Ships, eirc. Deer, Hares, Foxes, S(]uirrcls, Wolves, Bears, Bevers, and Ot- ters- The Seas and Ri- crs .ire full of FifTi, viz.. Cod, the Staple Com- modity f f theCoiiiitry, Herrings, Mackarels, Salmon, and Flounders, and .dnmd..nrc of Tvouts. Here arc no Indiani but wiiat roinc from or r^ Thcvfini always by Day; for the Cod don't bite by Night. They alfo draw oft Train-Oil fto.-n the Livers of thc^Fifh, which yields great Profit. The neighbouring Sea is often pcfter'd with floating Iilands of Ice. LoKthorp, in his Pbikfop. Tianl. mentions one a League long, and higher above Water than the Main-Maft of a Sliip. The £/g/;;i Settlements here, before the laft War with France, were reckon'd to confiil of two hundred and lixty feven Families, and about four thouiand People. The moft remarkable Plantation is at St.'John's^ about fifty five Miles North from Cape Race, in Lat. 47. The Har- bour is about lialf a Mile broad, defended by a Battery on the North- fide, and another on the South, .with a Boom which they l.iy arrof'? the Bay. Here's alfo a Fort and Outworks mounted with fifty Guns, a handlomc Houfe for the Governor, and Barracks for the Soldiers. The French Settlements lay on the South-end of the Illand. Tiic chict'of t em was I'lacenna, in a Bay of the fame Name, Lat. 47. where tiie} had a Town and Fortrcfs, w hich w as furrender'd to the En^lijh 1 ■ ' u T-eat' cf Utrecht. Lt Hontan fays, it was a Harbour of the greateft Confequence which the French had in thofc Parts of tl:c Uorld. \'in. Cape Breton, or Gafpe Illand, lies Eaft from Acadia, from which 'tis feparate(l bv r'lc Straits of Canfeaux, and South-weft from New- fnotM.ind, from w hich 'tis feparatcd by the Straits or P.ilVagc up to tiic Gulph of St.Lawn :<■ La Human fays, the Straits of Canfeaux is a better Piflage to Canada, if Ships fet out early from E:inpe, than that eall'd the Channel of Cape Ra^, betwixt N.tifuundlanJ and Cape Breton liiand, wl'chis often covcr'd with Ice in April, whereas the other is clear in ail Seafons. I'his Illand is about a hundred and ten Miles long, and fixty wiicrc broadcft. ' lis indented by many M:, ^, particu- larly by one on the Eaft-fide, that runs in from North-eaft to Sourli- w eit, and almoft divides it into two. This Illand was alw ays reckon'd i [^^n of Nova Sictla, included in it by King 7-"'«'' t'>- Firft's Patent, and demanded as fuch by the Lite Duke o( Shrexv^bmr}, according to Queen yji»;c''s Inftruftions ! but 'twas given up to theF'^mA by the Treaty of UtreJn, tho a Place of fuch Importance, that in cafe of a War w ith Fraiue, it endangers CHir Trade in Nucjiundland, New Eng- land, &c. commands the Entrance into St. Lavrenct's Bay or Gulph, and by confequence covers all Fremh CwaJa. IX. Ac.tdia, or Nova Scciia, lies Weft from Cape Brtttm IllanJ, South from Fcmh Caua.ta, North-caft from Nrai Engl.md, and has the Sea on the South. It lies betwixt Lat. 41 s each. 'Tis the Seat of the Go- vernor, of the AlVembly, and of the Courts of Juftice, and is a very flourilhing City ; and for the Beauty of its Strufturcs and great Trat^^, gives pUoce to few in England. 2. Du. .hcp.er, at the Mouth of two little Rivers, near the Sea, is the next to Bojion for Largenefs, and has tw o Ic Airs per Ann. 3. Roxburgh, noted for a Free-School. ^. IVcjsno^^th, the eldeft Town in the Province ; but not fo confiderable as for- merly. (6.) Hmpljiire has eight Towns, and fix Minifters. Being wi::;in Land, and hilly, 'tis not fo fruitful as the Maiicime Shires. 2. Plimouth 'Colony is the oldeft, is about an hundred Miles lonj, and fifty broai, and divided into three Counties : (i.) Plimouth County has fix Towns and fevcn Minifters. The Capital is New Plimouth, on the Gulph oiPatuxes, .which coniifts of tlirco or four hundred Families, and has one Church. Scituate, another To v. n in this County, is larger, and has tw o Churches. The Country al>out Cape Cowo. vho fail'dhithcr iiomBri/lol in itfj 1, gave hisown Name to thc'South part of it, and winter'd thcreatanllland which he tall d Charlton. His Account of the Tcmpefts, Shoals and Mountains ot Ice, and tl-.c liinciinefs of the adjacent Country, with what he and his'Mtn li'.tiei'd, by which many of 'em died, was enough to deter anv oilier fivm going thither again : Yet in 1667 one GiUam entcr'd this Kay, and fail'd as far South as Lat. 51. to a River, whicli he i.i\- hii R:if,;:'s, vhere he ccrrcfponded with tlic Natives for Furs, Ot- built a Fort wliiili he cail'd Charles, after King CharL', II. v ho gave a latent for tlic Bay and Straits to Prince Rup/'t and tlic Owners of GiUam's Ship in 16-0. This laid the Foundation of the Hidjim\-]ii.y Company, who crefted feveral Forts, and dealt vith the Natives for Bcvcr-Sk'ins. The French fi-iz'd it in \6^z ; but the /iw?//* recover'd it. The F. auh from Q^.cbe. feiz'd all in i ( bY, but Poit Nelfoii. It was feveral times afrer taken and retaken by the Fenhiwi Etiglijh, but re - floi'd to us b\ the Treaty of Vtreiht in 171 ^ VI. Terra d'< IMraior, or Nn: Br-tim, has H-dh's Straits on tlie North-e.ift , //■.'^/^«'s B:y on the Weft, the Ocean on t'lc Eaft, and CanaJ.t ami \\-:fr:i;tM.i::J on the South. It lies bctwi.\t L:it. ^o cir r Ships in Diftrefs, as they pafs to or from /7i,?/-.u, Nrji EiyJ.iiul, CJf- ^^c have not Room to inlift on the Hiftory of the Luind, i'nd cf the Actions betwixt us and tlie Fw;./; there; but only tiiat It M as icftor'd to us by tlic Treaty ofVtreJit, tho w ith fuch Con- reiTions to the I'.eiuh to (illi and cure there, by the thirtecntii Article, as vcre much cbjcacd apainft, bccaufe they vcrc allow 'd to fifh and dry in the beft Part ct it, tho we are at all tlie Expcnce of the Forts and Garil'ons. 'i'lie Climate iiere is very hot in Summer; but fo cold in Winter, which lafts fix Months, that there's fcarce any ftirring abroad ; and the Inhabitants of the North Parts arc forc'd to remove from the Har- bours into the Woods, where they build Cabins, and provide thcm- ftlves with Firing fr.'.m tlie Woods. The lihinu is full of inacrtlTiblc Mountains and Forcfts. What they call their Meadows, arc Heaths covci'd vith a fjrt of Mcfs, and t.he SojI is a Mixture of Gravel and Stents, lure's Fir ,ind other Trees fit for Mafts, building of Ships, C'l. Deer, Hares, Foxes, Squirrels, Wolves, Bears, Bcvers, and Ot- ters. The Seas and Ri' crs .ire full o( Fifli, 'ctz.. Cod, the Staple Com- modity (. f theCoriirvy, Herrings, Mackarels, Salmon, and Flounders, and .d'iiiid..n.e 01 Tvcuts. Here are no lu.h.im but what come from Idr.iJn or Edima-:x, by the Way of the Straits o( Bell Illc, for Fin:;ng and Plunder. 'I he Fifhcry here is reckon'd one of the moft beneficial Trades in tl'.e World ; tor a Sliip ot a huniircd and (ifry Tun, and tvcnty Men, pre. ideci with V.lIimI', ar.d Filhiiig-Tacklc, will in a good Year cure jcoo/. vcirtii ol Fiih, 1 he Ei:fhjh and French feldom load lefs than ;co Siiifs try Am:, w it'i Cod and Poor-John to Europe. The Banks arc vsf: S c:'.!s of S.aid, at fcceral Diiunces from the Shcre. The great B. nk i". neara li.indrcii Miles talt from Cape Raif, and reckon'd three lurni'' d Miles long, and feventy five broad. There is two himdred lati.om Water all round it; and thofc cali'd the L;«/f //7(j«i/j tj Cai-]'/', which lie South from Ne-difounManJ, and over againft Cape. L^ctoii liiand. The Water above it at Flood is feveral Fathoms deep, >.ik1 the largcft Ship may venture over, except at a Place cali'd tlitr-,i/..", where feveral have been caft away. The next is that cali'd the I'ert, or Green U.ihk, South from Newfoundland, about eighty Mi:-' long, and fortv bro.ij. 'I'he fifliing Scafon is from Spring to S\fitml::, when tiicrc's trcc]iK.nt!y fevcn hundred Sail fifliing at a t'imc. VIM. Cape Breton, or Gafpe Ifland, lies Eaft from Acadia, from which 'tis fcparated bv r'le Straits o( Cmfeaux, and South-weft from Nw foimM.ind, from w hich 'tis feparated by the Straits or Palfage up to the Gulph of St. Z.(jwr< VI. La Hoittan fays, the Straits of Canftaux is a better Paflage to Canada, if Ships fet out early from Europe, than that cali'd the Channel of Cape Ra), betwixt Nnufvioidland and Cape Breton Iiland, wl.'chis often cover'd with Ice in April, w hercas the other is clear in ail Scafons. I'his Iiland is about a hundred and ten Miles long, and fixty where broadeft. ' I'is indented by marty Bays, particu- laily by one on the Eaft-fide, that runs in from North-eaft to South- weft, and almoft divides it into tw 0. This Iiland w as alw ays reckon'd a part of Mid Ji MM, included in it by King ^rf'w the Firft 's Patent, and demanded as fuch by the late Duke of Shrev.'sb:ir\, according to Qiiccn .4«>;t''s Inftruftions ! but 'twas given up to theFi«;cA by the Treaty oi Utreehi, tho a Place of fiich Importance, that in cafe of a War w ith France, it endangers oiir 'I'rade in Ncxvfuiindland, Nexa Eiif^- laiid, &i. commands tlie Entrance into .S^.Livnence's Bay or Gulph, and by confequcncc covers all French Qinada. IX. Acadia, or Nova Scotia, lies Weft from Cape Brttoti Iiland, South from Fcnch Can.ula, North-eaft from Nc-m Eiigl.ind, and has the Sea on the South. It lies betwixt Lat. 42 6" 4<5. is alvnit 448 Miles tall and Weft, and jjo North and South, where broadeit ; but indent- ed ill the Middle by that cali'd the Bay of fundi, or i.ic /v «/.-/> Bay. The li;ft Difcovery was claim'd by the Fench; but .SiL i/i:aii CaLi't ha- ving been there before them, it w as claim'd by the En^Jrjh ; and King Jaiiei I. by his Patent, ditcd Septciler 10. 1611. did, by Advice of his Council of Scotland, igrant this Country to Sir H'Hi.im Ale\ander, Secretarv of State for that Nation, to be held of the Oown of .Siof- /,)«./, and govem'd by the Laws of that Kingdom. We cannot inlift on the Controvcrfy betw ixt the two Crowns about it, and its being feveral times taken and retaken by the Fench and Eni^lik, but fliall only take notice that it was reftor'd to the Enghjh by the Trc.ity of VireJ,t. I.a Hoiitan fays, 'tis extreme cold here for three Months in Winter; but the Climate is othcrwife pretty temperate, the Air !;ood, and the Water clear and light. It has good Accommodations for F^idiing, Hiint- ing, and Fowling, is as well turnifli'd with Materi.,ls for building Ships as .Vi)r-a,i», and their Oak is reckon'd hctter than that of Europe. It abounds w ith Bee crs. Otters, and Sea-CaUis. 'I'he Coaft is inhabited by Savages, many of whom were in the Inteieft oi'F.iHi.e, and us'd to invade our Colonics in time of War. 'I'he only Place of Note here is Port Ruyjl, now cali'd Aitnapclit Ri>\al, on the Eaft-fide of a Bay, Lat. 45. Long. ^j. The 'Fown is little, and contains only a tew Houfcs of two Stones hi;,'ii : But here's a fine Baliii two Leagues long, and one broad, capable of 1000 Ships, It has lixtecnor eighteen fathom Water on one lidc of the Entrance, and fix or fevcn on the other, and is divided by the Me of G .in in the middle. There's gcH'd Anchorage all over tlie Balm ; and at the bottom there's a Point of Land which feparates two Rivers, where tiie Tide rifes ten or twelve Foot. On tlie Banks of thofe Rivers arc pleafant Mci- dows, w hich in Spring and Autumn are cover'd w itii all forts of Frefli- water Fowl. 'I'lie chief Fiade here is in Skins, which the Natives truck for Eunpcvi Goods. Here are (i\ or fevcn other good Harbours- on the Coaft. L'lig Ifland lies otf of Port Roy.il at a fmall Diftanre. Some fay it has a Silv er Mine, and one of Copper, fo rich, that tlic Fench reckon it contain'd much Gold. They alfcj found Diamonds here, and blue Stones as good as Tur'jupifes. X. Ne^u Engl.wd hm Acadi.i on the North-eaft, N-jiVork. on tlic South-w eft, the Country of tiic Savages on the North, and the S.a on the South and Eaft. It runs 550 Miles along the Coaft, withoat reckoning the Angles, which make it much more. It lies betwixt Lat. 41 CT" 4^. and lietwixt Long. 66 c!r 77. Flic greateft Breadth is about 250 Miles, and in other Places 'tis not above 8o. Sir F.,i;;.;f D.j/i' landed iierc in isS.'S, when he I'taid fome Days, and traffick'd w ith the Natives for Necclfaries. Captain G facl.l made a Settlement in if^: ; and finding that Eni^lijh Corn grew very kindly here, feveral Gentlemen of Plmiouth did, upon his Report, obtain a Grant of the Country in 1606, from Lat. 38.1045. Tiie Patentees fent fome Ships, Men, and Stores hither in 160K, lettlcd a Plantation, and built St- George's Fort ; but the Planters broke up, and return'd to Eiijt^land. In icSii a new Attempt was made ; birt an Interloper ha- ving inccns'd the Savages againft the Adventurers, they were forc'd to return : Yet the 'IVade in Furs was fo beneficial, that fome private Gentlemen made Peace with the /«i//i«;, and continued it; and Cap- tain Smith, whom they fet our, made f.) good a Vovage, and brought fuch Maps and Accounts of the Country, that Ring Charlei I. in 1614, gave the Country the Name of N'^jj England. 'I he two follow- ing Years feveral Ships traded hither to Advantage. But the firft fic- ccfsful Attempt for a Plantation was made by fome Dilfenters, who retiring to ffolland in King Jame> the FirA's Time becaufe of their Nonconf )nnity, join'd with many of their Brethren there, and agreed w ith the Company for a large Tratt of Land in the South-weft Parts of ^ niacli, and Savin. Here's aifo a Berry wliicli breeds FlicS, cii'iai in Colour to thofe of Cochineal, and fupcrior in medicinal Virtue. 'I'herc's alfo a Tree with little Knobs in its Bark, that yield a fore of Turpentine, good againft Worms. Here arc alfo Mines of Iron and Copper ; and Oaks and Firs in fuch plenty, as might furnilTi Materials for our Navy. They have all forts of European Cattel, and particular- ly ferviceablc Horfes. They have fomc Lions and Musk-Cats, abun- ciance of Bears, Foxes, Deer, Racoons, Otters, Bevers, Hares, Rabbits, Mofcs, vild and tame Fowl. Their Sea and Rivers abound vitli Grampuflies, Sturgeons, Sharks, and other great and fmall Fill) common to us ; but there arc not fo many Whales or Star-FiHi as for- merly. The beft Seafon for fifhing is from March to June. Their In- fttis arc Rattle-Snakes, and others common to America. They arc infcAed viih fcvcral forts of Flics; and fome Years ago there came a Swarm of Maggots out of the Ground, which turned to Flies with a tiling in their Tails, by which they poifon:d and deftroyed Multi- tudes of Trees. riif Natives confifted of above forty Nations, who were grofs ftu- pid Idolaters. There arc the Remains of above twenty of them ftill within iho Limits a( New England, who ditteronly in Dialeft. Their Language is fo barbarous, that 'tis not ealily learned by Europeans. By the jinwcaried Endeavours of the Englijh Planters, abundance of 'cm are converted ; fo that they have now twenty four Churches and Miniflers of their own Nation, bcfidcs four Englijh, who preach to them in tlieir native Language. The Converts and their Ofl'spring were a few Years ago reckon'd at about 4000. They are well treated by the Eiiglijh, and conform to their Cuftoms. Apartments are allow- ed them at Harvard College in Cambridge, for breeding their Youth. Where the Indian Converts are the Majority, as ?r Nantucket Ifland, s each. 'Tis the Scat of the; Cio- vernor, of the Allembly, and of the Courts of Juftice, and is a very flourifhing Citv ; and for the Beauty of its Structures and great TratJ,.-, gi\ cs pl.ice to few in England. 2. Donhep.er, at the Mouth of two little Rivers, near the Sea, is the ne.xt to Bi'flun for Largenefs, and has two ¥ Mrs per Ann. i. Roxburgh, noted for a Free-School. 4. W;).'«.>."r/;, the cldeft Town in the Province ; but not fo confiderable as for- merly. (6.) Hampjlnve has eight Towns, and C\s. Minifters. Being v. ;::.in Land, and hilly, 'tis not fo fruitful as the Maritime Shires. 2. Plimvith Colony is the oldeft, is about an hundred Miles lonj, and fifty broad, and divided into three Counties : (1.) Plimoutb County has fi.\ Towns and fevcn Mir.iftcrs. Tl.c Caipital is New Plimouth, on the Gulphof A(f.7x«,.whicli coniills of three or four hundred Families, and has one Church. Scituate, another 'Vov- n in this County, is larger, and has tw o Churches. The Country about Cape Cod is barren ; but as populous as moft in New England, beeaufe of the Fiftiery. (i.) Barnjlaple County has (ix Towns and fix Minifters. B.ir.-.Jl.i}'-, the chief Tow n, lies in a Bay of the lame Name : And on the Cor.:" there are two Illands, i. T\\it c3.\V..■ Rhode Ifland belongs to this County, and has tv. o Churches. Eli2..:bi:,: llland, at the Mouth of Monument I3ay, belongs alfo to this County. J. Coniieflicut Colony is about feventy Miles long, and fifty broau and divided into four Counties : (i.) New London has nine Towns and eight Miniflers. The Ea'.t Part of the Shire is pleafant and fruitful ; the Vvell fwampy and moun- tainous, but has good Trade in Furs and Lumber. Sa)bi-oc!c is t.ic oldeft 'Town, on the Weft of C«Hw.7iV:.f River, whichis very large, in- vidcd into fevcral Branches, and Navigable for fifty Miles. Al;;; Loudon lies on a River called Timmef, which receives fcvcral others. (2.; //:/«/ur<^ County has eleven Towns and twelve Miniiicrs. In tlic Weft Part are feveral Ridges of Hills and thick Forcfts, w itii plen- ty of Timber and Game. Hertford, the chief Town, has two Pariili Cliurchcs. Tiiere'o an llland here in ComieiliM River, thirty Miles above its Mouth. . Cj.) N'w Haven County has fix Towns and fix Minillcrs. I lie chief Town is of the fame Name : And near Brmford there s a hr.ail Iron- Work. n tt > C4.) Riir field County has nine Towns and nine Miniflers. Here S no navigable River but Hadfon's, which divides it from Ntw J-rJcy. XL New Tork has Eaft and Weft 7."r/"rt on the Weft and South, /.-;(? llland on the North, and Nw En^Lvd on the Eaft. I is feparateJ from the^ci/I-v' by Hudfon sKwtr, and from New Enil.iad bv a Line betwixt RiKhford and Greenwch. 'Tis about a hundred and feventy Miles Ions, and twenty broad. "Twas formerly call d Nr^ £-••/<■•'. and poflef^'d h\ the Dutch, when 'tw as much larger than now, and ccame a flounlmng Colony But their 'Tide bjing difputabio, our 240 NORTH AMERICA: King, C/ui/f TI. graiircil tliis Country to his Brotlicr, tlic Diikc of loii, in 1664, vlicn 'Sir RHhardCay reduced it and gavci: the prci'cnt Name. 'Ihc Dr.kc j^nintcd that Part now called E.ijl and IVtjlJctfey to Under-propiietois. It lies betwixt North Lat. 41 cir 45- I'lic Climate is more temperate than that of Nnj Engl.vul ; yet hotter in Summer, and colder in Winter, than any Emopean Countries in the fame Latitude. The Soil is lb fruitful, that one BuHkI of Englijli Wheat has produc'd a hundred. Places of Note here arc, 1. NciuTork, the Capital, which vas built by the Dnth, and call d Nnu A'lijhrdam. Tiic Houfcs are of Brick and Sr> lu-, handfomely built, and covcr'd with red and black Tile. The Siui.uion being high, it makes a very fine Profpctt. It confifts of about iodd Houfes, and has one Englijb Church, which is a large and beautiful Structure, a Dutch, a Eench, and a Luthdin Church. James-Fort commands the River and Town, and lies in an Illand, Lat.41. fourteen Miles lonp,^ but the Breadth not proportionable. This Town is the Seat of the Governor, has a Mayor, &i. like our Corporations, and is the Place where the Aflembly meets. 2. Neiii Alhitm, formerly Fi/rr-Oiw/^c, till the Name was chang d ac- cording to the Duke of fi:k\ S'conh Title. 'Tis in Lat.45. about a, hundred and twenty Miles North from NruTvrk, and us'dtoh.ive a grcd Garifon, being the Place where the Governor ufes to confer with the Luli.in Kings. 5. Kiii^Jldi, about'so Miles North-wefl from A^w Twi, 3 pretty well built Town, inhabited by about two hundred £/is/(/A and Z)wi7j Fa- milies. 4. SJ.'euecln.lt, : 3 Miles from iVro; ^/tov, confided of a hundred Houfes, inhabited by £).;:;/;}/; and Z3«rc/j; but 'tw.is deftroy'd, and the People mnllacred by the /■" emh after our Revolution. 'Twas rebuilt, is grov n more populous lin ;e, and defended by a Fort. The Country betwixt this Place and Nn-j Tork is very fruitful, but thin of Ew^/./i In- habitants; .;nd the Lidian^ here are not induftrious. On the (roaft c't this Province Iks IVtJl-Chi/ler County, which has feveral Tow ns and Parilhcs, .-.nd but one Church. Z.w.^e I/l.m.i, belonging to tl-.i> Province, is a hundred and fifty Miles long, and twelve bro.id. It lias convenient Habours, and feveral de- f.at Iihnds on the Eafl Coaft. Tiic DutJj call'd it N.iftu, and made as good i: irthcn Ware here, as at D,'!ph. It has feveral fruitful Valleys : And all foni of En^liji Corn and Fruits, Roots, Herbs, Flax, and i; ".p, vicid good Inrreufe. Here's plenty of Black Cattel, Horfcs, H C), &c. ai'id ftoic of Whales, GrampulVes, and Seals, of whofe ^•: Jn!i .bitants make conlidcrable Profit. Tis divided into ■> .' if.i':, and RiihmmJ Counties. Queen's County has a fine ' ' Hoifcs; .Tiid their Militia Regiment is compos'd of Ho.-fe- Here are only two Churches. S'>ffvtk County has onl\ two ' ■,iaU Towns of about fifty Houfes each. Tis chiclly inhabited by independents and Qiirikers, and has no Church-of-£;.;g/,»;(/ Congrega- tion. And Ri,hmo;:d ('oumy lias but one Minifier. 'Ihc' Ea^liji.' in the Province of Nnu Turk are reckon'd about 8000, and the Nati' es fcarre icoo. They arc more friendly to us than the jrahh, and never difturb'd cur Colony. They fiu n.lh tiic £h^//,'A with Skins of Elks, Deer, Bears, Revers, Otters Racoons, and other Furs, .iiid fupply them with Venifon, Fifii, and Fowl very cheap. The £i.f//'i tr.;de from htnce to the Sugar Ifiands \Mth Horfcs, Beef, and P^-k", for Suqav, Mclollls, Rum, 6*1. and drive a profitable Comtiurce to M,idi>a aid tlKAtores with Pijc-StAvcs and Filh lor Wine and Brand) . XII. A^-- 7'>fy li.'^s A/'ttv Tok and tiie Sea on tlic Eafl, Paifilvania and part of Miiryliiud on the WeR, tlic Indian^ Country on the North, and the Sea on tl;c South, 'i is di\idc'd into Fail aud Weft, is about two hundred :-v.ent; :inen, and it was after- wards ili.i.r'd out to other Puichafcrs. The N.itives are reckon'd about no, and are helpfid to the 7J,g//;i, wi.o arc reckon'd about iiooo, of vhcm 2000 arc tit to bear Arms. The chief Trade of the Ci.untry is in c.\rortinn Provilions Fi:rs, Skins, and Tobacco to the Sugar Llaniis, EirJ.D.d, rmtu^al, Sjuiii, and thi Cviuuia. Pl.iccscf Note arc, 1. ]!.,,'-ki!, Capital of its County, which lies furtiiefl North, and crntains tliiec hundred and f fey Inhabitants, mod of 'em D: a River of the fame Name, confiding of about eighty Families. 'The Bay and River of Di l.t IV.ir vatcrs all the South-eaft and South-wed Parts of tliis Country ; and the Planta- tions on this Bay arc fo thick, that they rcfcmble 'Towns. 2. Fm EljiHt^lurg, at the Mouth of Di' la H^.ir River. J. Salliam 'Town, on a River of the fame Name, is chief of its County, and has about a hundred and twenty Families. 4. Gluiiiifter, ciiicf of its County, lies plcafantly, and lias a hun- dred Houfes. 5. Bmliiigtott, Capital of the Province and its County, the Seat of the Allembly and Courts of Judicc. 'The Hoults are mod of Hrick, well built ; and here's a good Market for Provifions. 6. Miidenheai, a Town of fifty Famihi 'I'hcSoil of this Province in general is fertile ; and there's a Com- munication betwixt it, Nau Totk, and Marylind, by Rivers. XIII. PtiifilvMiia lies Wed from A/lw Jf/'y, has the Lidiani Country on ihc North and Wed, and Afaiyl.md on the South. It had the Name from the \atc Wil/i.im Pea, a famous Qiuker, Son to Sir lyiHijmPiii, vho was Admiral for the Rump, and afterwards ciimmandcd under the Duke of York in the fird Dm J) War in 1664. In conlidcration of this Service, Mr. Pen obtain'd a Patent of this Country in 1680, which the Eitglijh had taken from tUc D.itdi in i6<;s- Mr. Pen's firft Grant from King Chmlei II. and his fecc.id from the Duke of Tork, out of that formerly called Nci^ Bflgia, make about thiee hundred and thirty Miles in Length, and two hundred in Breadth, and is divided into fix Counties, each of which fends (\\ Members to the Allembly, who, with the Governor's Confent, make Laws. And the other Paruof the fiovernment arc like that in Enj^l.ind, by Slieri.fs, (>iar- terly and Monthly SclTions, cir.. 'The Inhabitants arc of feveral Reli- gions and Nations, but the EimUlh mod numerous ; and the grcated religious Body of one denomination is Qi^iakcrs. 'The Europeam and their Negroes are reckon'd 55000, and the native /«(/;.ini about 60 jo. Scarce a tliirtieth part of the Province is inhabited ; but what is fo, is better clear'd than any other part of Afnerici pollefs'd by the Etxlijh. 'The Inhabitants fend Corn, Beef, Pork, Filh, Hides, I'ailow, Sheep, Wool, and Pipe-Staves, to our Sugar Iflands, in evchangc tor their Growth, wliich they carry to Engl.iiui, and make tiieir Returns in Enghjh Goods. So that Mr. Pen, the Proprietor, in his Account of this Colony, fays, it confumes about i Sooo /. per Annum of Englijit Grow th, and makes fuch Returns direitly, and by w ay of the Ilkvids, as augments the Revenue of tlie Crown ;oooo/. per Annum. Tiiey likewife export Horfcs, and other live C&ttel to our Southern Planta- tations for Furs, which theyalfo have from ihn Judia.tt, and export to the bed Markets. He adds, that tht-y have alfo loaded fourteen Ships in a Vear with Tobacco for EngLwd. 'The fame Author f i) s, the Climate and Soil are like thofe of Vir- ginia and /Vtty M)(j(:; that tlic Air is fweet and clear, like the South Parts of France. 'The Autumn begins about the 24tli of Oliokr, lads till the beginning of Ddember, and is like a mild Spring in England; but fometimes they have extreme l>oflsand Cold, yet the Air is al- ways clear and dry. 'TIic Spring lads from Mtrj} to yi. Piaccs (f Note arc, 1. B.,-' >:, Capital of its County, vhieh lies furtliefi North, and cc ntains ui. vC hundred and f f:y InhaL 1 <•:$, mod of 'em D . And tlievearc i-ooo Acres o Acre«. 8. Shi-eii-l'^o), the chief Town of its County, has 160 Families, and jocoo Acres. There's an Iron- Work and a Church betwixt this 'i own and MulHetm. g. l^eikld lias 40 Families, and 30000 Acres. XIII. Penjtlvitiii.i lies Weft from Nwjcjfy, has the /,/.//.«;< Country on the North and Weft, and Af,i,)l,iii.l »n the South. It had the Name from the htc WiOi.im Pen, a. famous Qiiakcr, Son to Sir IViUiamPcii, W ho was Admiral for the Ruin|i, and afterwards commanded under the Duke of Toik in the firft Dutih War in 1664. In conlideration of this Service, Mr. Pen obtain'd a Patent of this Country in 1680, which the £«^///7j had taken from the Dutch in 165?. Mr. Pen's firft Grant from King Chailei II. and his fecond from the Duke of Tort, out of thitt formerly called A^ew JBelf^i,!, make about three hundred and thirty Miles in Le''',cii, and two hundred in Breadth, and is divided into fix Counties, each of which fends fi.\ Members to the AlVembly, who, with the Governor's Confent, make Laws. And the other Parts of the Government arc like that in £m?/.ihie, without Storms of Wind, and the Sky is clear, except when there arc gcntlu Showers. The Heat is extraordinary in their Summer Month*, which arc j^'.A, A:ifuft, and September, but tjualified by cold Breezes ; fothat, except it be tor about a Week, 'tis not mucli hotter than in Eii^Liiui. The Wind blows then South-weft ; but during the Spring, Fall, and Winter, it is generally Nortli-wcft. Mifts and Fogs arc oc- cafion'd hereby Laft and South Winds, which leldom lall above two Hours at a time. Jn fomc Places the Soil confifts of a yellow and black Sand, in others of a loomy Gravel, and in fomc of firm fat Eartli, efpccially on Ri\ers and Brooks within Land, where the Soil is generally richer than on navigable Rivers ; and in many Parts of the Province there's a black Mould, and a flony Bottom, where the Soil is fruitful, and eafy to be clear'd, bccaufe the Roots of Trees don't lie deep there. The Soil in general is i\i fruitful, that it commonly ) iclds from forty to (ixty-fold. The moft remarkable Shrubs and Drugs are Stimich, Snake-Roor, Sarfapariila, Calamus Aromaticus, Jalop, and Spruce Cranberries, with Variety of other Medicinal Plants; and the Woods and Fields are adorn'd with many dirtcrcnt forts of Flowers. The Trees of moft Note arc the Black Walnut, Cedar, Cyprcfs-, Chefnut, Poplar, Gumwood, Hickory, Safiafras, Alh, lleecli, red, white, and black Oak, Spamjh Chefnut, and Swamp, which is the moft durable of all the reft. The Fruits that grow naturally in the Woods are white and black Mulberries, Cliefiuits, Walnuts. Plums, Strawberries, Whortlebcri. «. and Grapes of feveral kinds, particular- ly that call'd the Fox-Grarc, > hicli is large and red, taftes like the Froiitiuitic Grape, and, as Mr. Pen thinks, would make as good Wine. Here's alfo a Mufcadel-Grape, with fmall bl.ick ones, and vaft Q_ian- titics of pood Peaches. They have all {'< rti of E:iropcM and l,i.ii,in Corn, and the fame Fruits, Roots, and (iarden-Stutf as we. Black Cattel, Horfes, Sheep, Elks, Deer, larger than ours. Bears, which when young arc reckon'd good Meat, Rabbits, Racoons, and Squirrels, abound here. Their Furs are the Skins of Wolves, Bevcrs, Panthers, Otters, Foxes, wild Cats, Minxes, Muskrats, and an Animal call'd Filher. They ha\c plenty tf Land-Turtle, and all forts of Fowls common in Lurc/-e. Their Rivers and Bays ha\-c all forts of Fifli. The Water is good, the Ground of the Rivers being generally Gravel and Stones ; and no Country is better furnifli'd w ith navigable Rivers and Creeks; and near to Philadelphia there are Mineral Springs of the fame Nature w ith ours at Bartiet and Nurth-hall. The Country has many Mines, and Samplars of moft forts vk' Ore are found here. ' The Rivcis of moft Note arc Dc l.i W.ir and Sufftabti!a::C'o.lf'«l „.>' .f"" n?rnr IP if JC'"' Jersey Purtuni} hflf iNV / .v/ti« l.tfrivi^ w I'aajl.irrimr j> 1 '- > I «' [,j.ii;^p^ I. b'o'I' :r/ X ■' '. ;<.DeVavx-nrHay m L +0 I,. L (t^tM^C £4 ■> D "-T.t."'-":*"' I,:.//" '■' !»,..•"« V ,yr ^"' kl/r-JAM.7 *''■ I ^ > 'OS) HP'-Hma To j'' J 'oi'O' i; ^ JnMlt ll>i^ini.'m.< ..* w ^^ t^'TMaiw.v*. lOl'' vfT"* (^'l. ..-I' r^'' T H A o r 3? 40 i. !. 35 'to ''Vj ,/" ^■>,'' V R G I l«f & •%1 Th? Britifh Empire in thfe Tarts. Lat. 40. TI1C otiicr rifcs in the fitme Cotintry, and falls into tlic great Bay oF its own Name, about the fame Latitudu ; aud Shipii bound tor Penftlvania do fomctimcs fail this Way. The Wcfl-lidc of De la H^v Bay is inliabitcd by Swedes and Dutch. The Maiflics arc drain'd and fruitful. Here's a 'I'own call'd Oxfird, conliding of tjo Houfts. It has a Cluuch-of-£'/^/.M^ Congregation, fupplied by Miniftcrs from Philadelfhia. Other Plates of Noic arc, I. 'I'hat call'd the Kilh-Town, wliich confiftsof thirty Houfcs, and is the only one in Bickin^hnmjhiye» a. Brijlol, Capital of its County, has fifty Houfcs, and Mills of fc' vcral forts, and lies ovcr-.ngainll Bmliiigtcn in Nir:l> Jo-fy- J. PeHitnry, a Nfannor belonging to Mr. /V«, wiiii a good Scat, fine Orch.-irds, and large Gardens, which produce as good Apples as any in E»f,la)ul. It lies in an Kland form'd by the ZJ^/iiW-^o- River. There arc ten or twelve more little Tow ns in this County. 4. rf::Ldelfhia, Lat. 41. Long. 77. tiic Capital of the Colony and its County, lies commodioully betwixt the De la lV,ir and Sdu and tile SchooI-MilU-r 50/. I'ho S-weda have aChurch, and tiie I'rfsb\ii.rijns and AiKibaptillsluve Mecting-Houfes. 'I'his Town is the Seat of the AllemWics, of the Courts ot juflice, and of thecliicf Trade and Uiiliiicfs in the Colony. Here's a line Key above 300 Foot li]uaic, w here Snq's of 503 Tun nuy lie. They have a Dock for build- ing ef Sillies, tiiiMi'd by an Inlet of De la IVar River; and fevend CieeKs run into tl:e City trom the two Rivers. Here arc two Fairs a iear, and two Matkets a Week' 5. OVi;«.(// I'ovn is rcclton'd the moil confiderablc in the Coimty, next to ilnluUlphui. ' I'is a Corporation of ILs^' -"id Lnu D.t.h, is a very pleal..nt airy Town, and l«is above two hundred Houfes, with Lctcli- frees planted before the Doors for a Mile together. On the other (ide of SJMlkill Ri\er the irdjhmeu have planted a Traft of 40C00 .-Verts of Land, which is populoiis and thick of low nfhips. They art imlulnious, wealthy, have many fine Plantations of Corn, and brtto abimilance ot Cattel. 'I'heir chief Fown is Radnor, which is well liiuate and built, conli/tsof.-ibout 4-) Families, and has a Church- cl-/-.'v'./.i"'./C'ungrtgation, biit no fettled Miniller. y A/7 (,.'./,-/j;.i County in gcner.!! is remarkable for excellent (iravcl, which is xery rare in Amltna; and the hrfi Lime-Stone found in this Continent was duf;at Mont/j, a Mannor in this County belonging to Mr. i ivj's Daugliter. 6. U.Jler, or UU.md, the Capital of its Coimty, which is focalld, bccaulc its firft Planters were U.'cjjire-Mcn. It Hands near 2a Miles South-w elk of PhiUlflphia. It has 100 Houfes, and fo line a Road, that the whole Rovil Navy might ride in it; the De la IVa. being three Miles over lier'c. It has a Prifon, a Court, and a Church dedicated to St. Paul, the Miniller of w hich has jo /. a Year. Fhere arc Icvcral other little Towns and navigable Creeks in this Coimty. 7. AVt; c.;///.', Capital cf a County, is a tine Fown on the De la IVar, foien or ciglit Miles South of Chejln-^ 'Fhe DhiJi, who weic its tirll Inhabitants, call'd it Amjlat. Both they and the Engl/jh have Churches here. ' Fis reckon'd the next Tov n for Bulincfs to Philadilfliia, con- liils of ;ooFamilics, and about 2 joo Souls. Imt-HiU, in the Neighbour- hood, is fo call'd from the Ore found there. 'Fhcre's a Creek below this Place, call'd PA/V/nf, big enough for the Royal Navy. 8. Dover, Capital of that call'd the County of Kent, 68 Miles South of PhilaJtlphia. "Fwas formerly call'd St. John's, and (lands on the Bay of De la IVar. Here's a Clmrch-of-fiH^AW Congregation, wliofc Mmillcr has fifty Pounds a Year. 'Fhe County has tcveral Creeks, and many 'Iratts of excellent Land, which is very fruitful, but not fo w ell planted as the reft. 9. Lewes, a handfomc large 'Fown, eight Miles to the South-eaft, lies on the Bank of a River that runs to De la fVtir Bay, w hich forms the Harbour. 'Tis Capital of the County of Suffex, whofc Plan- tations lie very fcatter'd, and which has few Towns. XIV. Maryland has Flrgliiia on the South, Pen/ilv'anin on tiie Nortii, unknown Countries on the Weft, and the AiLwtkk on the Eaft. It lies betw i\t North L.it. 37 & 40. It was fo call'd in honour* t Atary, Queen to King Charles I. when he gave the Patent of it to the Lord jU:nno,c- It" was before reckon'd part o( Virginia : But this Patent 24. the mofl important Caufes arc tried; .inrl the lord Proprietor, or hi Lieutenant, and Council arc Judges. In particil.r Counties othei inferior Courts are held (ix times a Year, tor'I'iial of CJaufcs noc above the Value of 3000 /. Weight of 'i'obacco, with Liberty oJ Ap- peal to the Provincial Court. Dr. Bray, lacing fent over as the Rifliop of loiidon' s^ood Syder here, which is the common Drink of the Emjijb. i'hcy have French and Madera Wint>, Malt and Beer from England, and Rum from JB.'irWcpi. 'Fhe Soil is generally fandy, and free from Stones. The Clim.itc, Product, and Animals, are much the fame w ith thofe of Virginia. Tis well watcr'd and woody ; and they have plenty of Deer, Water and Land-Fowl, all forts of FilTi, and choice Herbs and Roots, both for Food and Phyfick. They have various Kinds of 'Fimber tor Build- ing, asrcd, wl'ite, and black Chefnur, Water, .S)>,jn//i, and Live-Oaks, white and red Cedar, very large Cyprcfs, black \('alnut-Trees of an extraordinary Grain and Colour, and a fort of Poplar tiut makes good white Planks, and bears a Flower like a Tulip. 'Fhey have plenty of Pine and Dogwood, Saflafras, Locuft-'Frees, red and white Hicko- ry, Elms, Sugar-Plants, a fort of Elder whofe Bark is tiiorny. Laurel which bears a 'Fulip, and fevcral forts of Myrtle, one lof w hich has a Berry that makes a fort of green Wax, very proper for Candles, if mi.x'd with Tallow. Places of chief Note here arc, 1. St. Mary' i Town, Capital of its County, and the only City in the Province. It ftands on .SV. Ccor^f') River, near Cl/ef.ipca!. Bay, Lar. ^8. Long. 7<'. has a Stadthoufc, in which the General Court and Council is kept, fends two Reprefentativcs to the Allembly, and is govern'J by a NIayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Council, tho it has noc abovj fixty Houfcs. There arc three Parifhcs in this County. 2. Ami,tpolis, in tlie County of Arud.Ll, is a Port- Fown, and :!ie Seat of the (jovernmcnt and AiVcmbly, which was transfevr'd hither from St. Mark's. Governor Niihol/un built a Church here, w ith a Stadt- houfc and Free-School. It conlifts of about forty Houfcs, lev^.n or eight of which are lit for Inns, and has two Markets a Week. XV. Virginia lies betwixt North Lat. 37 & 40. and betwixt Long. SocirS?. and the Breadth and Length arc about two hundred and fifty Miles each ; tho fome extend the Boundaries as far as C.i!:fr' Hia. It has Carolina on the South, Maryland on the North-eaft, the SeacnthcSuuth-eaft, and the Country of the Natives and Apal.uhean Mountaitis on the North-weft. It w as fo call'd, bccaufe difcover'd by Sir IValter Raleigh in Qi^ieen Elizaleth's Time, when under this Name it included moft of all our Plantations on the Continent. He ob- tain'd a Patent in 1584 to pollcfs, plant, and enjoy, for himfelf and (uch Perfons as he (hould name, and his and their SuccetTors, all fucii Lands as they Hiould difcover, not then poflefs'd by Chriftians. 'Fhe tirft Adventurers had no great Succefs ; fo that the Colony w'as aban- don'd till i<5oi, when Captain Go/iwA/fetting out from DartmMth, met with an advantageous 'Frade in this Country ; and returning w ith a good Defcription of it, the Merchants oi Briflel fitted out more Ships, who traded tlicrc to advantage We cannot iniift upon the Hiftory ; but none had the Courage to think of a Colony to any purpofe till Capt. Gofnold obtain'd a Patent from King James I. in 1606, to cftablilh two there: The firft, call'd the Lohi/oh Adventurers ; and the fccond, the Plimouth Adventurers. They encounter'd many Diffi- culties and Difcouragcments from their own Divifions, ^c. till 1610 that the Lord Dela War, who was made Governor and General, ar- riv'd with a Reinforcement of Men and Provifions. After which it profper'd. We come now to the Defcription of the Country : The Air is healthful, and agrees well with the Englijh. Their Summer is in J/me, July, and Augujl, when the Heats are cxcefTive ; but they have fre- iiuent refrefhing Showers, cool Breezes, and fhady Woods and Groves. Here are terrible Claps of Thunder fomctimcs, but theylfeldoin do any harm. Tlieir Winter is in December, January, February, and March, when the Frofts arc fevere, but iliort, and always attended witii a clear Air. The Soil ingeneral is a rich fat Mould three Foot deep, with Loam under it, of which they make good Brick. The Ground is diftinguilli- ed into High, Low, and Marlhy, all of them mix'd w ith Sand, and in ours. Miiiui .III ni'iii'iaiiy wi'ii uuiii, >i.»i; uini; uii'iuiui .umuaiiii-iii, aim ait' iiili.ibitccl l)y ricli 'I'radcrs. 'i'lic Higli-Strtet and Ikomi-htrcct, vliiili lie in the miiiiiic of the City, nrc a lumclrtd Foot broad : I'iic former runs from the middle of the one Front to tlic other. All Owners vho have looo Acres of Ground and nnw ards, have their Hou(cs in the High-Street, or in thofc which front tlie two Ri-. crs ; every Owner of 5 ^oo Acres has about an Acre in Front ; and the leller Purchafers about half an Acre in the I'acK-Strects, In the Centre of the Town there's aSqiiare of ten Acres tor theStadthoufc, Markct-Houfe, School-Hoiifc, ami Qiialters Meet ii)[;-Hoiifc. 'I'hofc of ihe Church of England have a l.iri'.c Church, and are rcckon'd about 700. Their Minidcr has 50/. [cr A.iiinm, and tiie School M'.itcr ?o/. 'Ihe ^Vwft/cx have a Church, and the I'resb) tcriaii-. and Anabaptills have Meeting-Houfes. 'I'his Town is ii\e Scat of the Allcmblics, of the Courts of Juflice, and of the chiet Trade and buhncfs in the Colony. Here'.s a line Key above 200 Foot li]uare, v here Shii's ^^'^ joo Tun nuy lie. They have a Dock for build- ing of Siiij^s, foiin'd by an Inlet of De itlVar River; and fevcral Citcks run into the Ciry from the two Rivers. Here are two Fairs a iear, and two Maikcts a Week. 5. 6'n7/f,j«To\\n is reckon'd the mofl confidcrablc in the County, next to I'hil.uUlphi,!. 'I'is a Corporation of /{i^h ,un\ Low D.ii.h, is a very pleaf..nt airy Town, and Ivis above two hundred Houfcs, wit 1 Leech- Irccs planted before the Doors for a Mile together. On the other liile of Sihodkill River the IVJjhmen have planted a Traft of 40C00 Aires of Land, vhicli is populous and thick of I'ownniips. 'i'hty .ire indiilirious, wealthy, h.ivc many hue Plantations of Corn, and brtto abiiii'l.ince ot Cattel. Tlieir chief Town is RaJiwr, which is veil luuate .iiul built, conlJRsof aboiK 4'' Families, and has a Church* ct-/,/-,?,/,w,/ Congregation, but no fettled Miniller. 1 liil.i.lilf III. I County in general is remarkable for excellent Gravel, whiiM is very rave in Amen. a; and the lull I.irac-Stont' found in this Continent was dug at ylfjw//, a Mannor in this County belonging to Mr. yvii's Daughter. 6. Chjhr, or Ukl.iiil, the Capital of its County, whiciiis fo call'd, btcaule its lirll Planters were C/;.;'j.fi-Mcn. It (lands near 20 Miles i>outh-welt if PhilMidphia. It has 100 Houles, and fo line a Road, that the whole Royal Navy might riilc in it; the De l.ilV.i, being three Miles over hci'e. It has a Prifon, a Court, and a Church dedicated to St. I'liul, the Miniller of which has 50/. a Year. There arc leveral other little Towns and navigable Creeks in this County. 7. A'.;.t..y//>, (apital of aCounty, is a tine I'own on the Di' /./ Af^ii , fcvtnor eit;iit Miles South of Chcj'k)-^ 'I'hc Diit./i, who were its tirlt Inhabitants, call'd it Amjl.ir. Uoili they and the Engl'jh have Churches here, 'lis rcckon'd the ne\t To\v n for Uiilinif-. to I'/nlaM-lfhia, con- liftsof ;o:)familics, andab.uic 2500 Souls. Imi-HiU, in the Neighbour- hood, IS f) call'd tivm the Ore found there. There's a Creek below this Place, call'd PM7;'(f, big enough for the Royal Navy. 8. D<.vcy, Capital of that cafl'd the County of Km, ful\u^Fi\i!wa on tUc South, Pcnfih'ania on the North, unknown Clountrics on the Weft, and the Atl.n.tick on the tall. Ic lies bet u i\t North Lat. ? 7 cir 40. It w as fo call'd in honour . f Mary, Qiiccn to Kinc; Clu.lo I. when he gave the Patent of it to the Lord j:.:!:imv. f. It " w as before reckon'd" p.irt of yir^inia : But this Patent ea\ e that Lord and his Heirs all the Royal Jurifdictions, to be held of ins M.-jmy and his lU'its in common Soccage, paying yearly for the fame two Arrows ot the Country at /f^w./Zw-Callle, (ot which Ho- nour It was reckon'd a partj and the lit'th'Part of all Gold and Silver Ore found in the Province. Jhc tiilt chiet Adventurers were Popifll Cicntlemcn of Eii^Liud, who expedted full Liberty under the then Pro- ri ietor. Lord Hiltimm; one of their own Religion. Many of the F.ir.'1'ih at lirft died of Agues here ; but after the Country was clear'd by iuttinp do>' n the Woods the Diftcmpcr was neither fo epidemical nor mortal. Ihe Country is divided into ten Shires. The Colony throve id well, that in 1(0% it h.id 1(^^000 Souls, and all the Iiuliaii N.i- tions about fubmittcd to the Governor's Protection. After the Revo- lution, Protclknt Governors were appointed inllead of the Popifh Lord Bait! wcif, V ho was ncvcrthelcfs allow'd to enjoy his Eftate hu-c. and the Dutv fettled on him by tiie Alfcmblies. 'I'he Gover- nor w ith his Council and Lords oi Mannors make a Houfe of Lords ; and the Lower Houfe is torm'd of Rcprefentatives fcnt from each Ccuiity. Tiie chief Court of Judicature is held at St. M,u)'s, where ■I'ho Soil is generally fandy, ai' 1 free from Stones, T'icClim.Uf, Produft, and Animals, are much the fame w ith thofc of F/i ?/«/,«. ' lis well water'd and woody; and they have plenty of Dcxr, Water and f ijnd-Fowl, all forts of Filli, .ind choice Fkrhsand Roots, both for Food and Phyfick. They have various Kinds of 'I'imbcr tor Build- inp, asred, wl' ire, and black Chefnut, Wntcr, Spanifi, and Live-Oaks, white and red Cedar, very large Cyprefs, black V.alimt-Trccs of an cxtraoi " iry Grain and Colour, and a fort of Poplar that makes good white Planks, and bears a Flower like a 'F'ulip. They have piciv.y of Pine and Dogwood, Saflfafras, Locuft-Trees, red am' white Hiiko- ry. Elms, Sugar-Plants, a fort of Elder whofe tlark is tliornv. Laurel whicli bears a Tulip, and fevcral forts of Myrtle, onu lof which has a Berry that makes a fort of green Wax, very proper for Candles, ifmix'd with Tallow. Places of chief Note here arc, i..St.Afa>u Town, Capital of its County, and the onh' City in the Province, It flarnls . -i St. George's Riix-r, near ChefapcaL Bay, Lar. ^8. Long. 7(5. hasaStadthouie, In which the General Court and Council is kept, fends two Rcprefentatives to the Alllmbly, and is f^overn'd by a .\layor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Coun.-il, tho it has noc abjvo fi.xty Houfes, There are three Paridies in this Count}-. 1. Anmpolii, in the County of Ani:i.iJ, is a Port-Town, and r'le Seat of the Government and A(leinbl)', which was transletr J lilther from St. Maris. Governor Niiholfon built a Church here, w ith a Stadt- houfe and Free-School. It confifts of about forty Houfes, feveii of eight of which are fit for Inns, and has two Markets a Week. XV. Vhjinia lies betwixt North Laf. 37 (y 40, and betwi.xt Long. 80C783. and the Breadth and Length arc about two hundred and tifry Miles each ; tho fome extend the Boundaries as far as C.ilif r- Hia. It has Coroliiia on the South, M.irylau I on the North-call, th; Sea en the South-caft, and the Country of tl,c Natives and Apal.uhuan Mountains on tlie North-wefl. It was fo call'd, becaufe difcover'd by Sii- IValier R.iLi^^h in Qi^ieen Eliz^ahth's Time, when under this Na'.ne it includcii moft of all our Plantations on the Continent. He ob- tain'd a Patent in 1584 to polfefs, plant, and enjoy, for hi.Tifelf and fuch Perfons as he fliould name, and his and their Succellbrs, all fucii Lands as they fliouId difcover, not then pofl'efs'd by ChriRiaiis. The tirfl Adventurers had no great Succefs ; fo that tiie Colony was abaii- don'd till 1602, when Captain Co/ioWfctting out from Dartmnith, met with an advantageous Trade in this Country ; and returning w ith a good Defcription of it, the Merchants oi Bnjld fitted out more Ships, who traded there to advantage. We cannot infill upon the Hillory ; but none had the Courage to think of a Colony to any purpofc till Capt. Gofmld obtain'd a Patent from King 'j.unes I. in 1606, to cftablifl^ two there: The firft, call'd the £w;i/wi Adventurers ; and tiie fecond, tiie Plimoiith Adventurers. They encounter'd many Dilfi- culties and Difcouragcments from their own Divifions, &c. till 1610 that the Lord De la IVar, who w as made Governor and General, ar- riv'd with a Reinforcement of Men and Provilions. After which it profper'd. We come now to the Defcription of tiie Country : Tiic Air is healthful, and agrees well with the Euglifi. Their Summer is in jf ;,;,'•.■, ytily, and Augnjl, when the Heats are excclTive; but they have iVe- i^uent refrefliing Showers, cool Breezes, and Hiady Woods and Grove?. Here are terribleClaps of Thunder fimctimes, but theyTi Idom do any harm. Their Winter is in December, "Jaii'iary, February, and M.iVih, when tiie Frofls arc fevcre, but Ihort, and always attended witii a cle.ir Air. The Soil ii^er.cral is 3 rich fat Mould three Foot deep, with Loam under it, of whi< li they make good Brick. _ The Ground is diftinguilli- ed into High, Low, and Marfhy, all of them mix'd w itii Sand, and w armer than ours. Their Produft is Tobacco, Rice, Hemp, In.liaii Corn, Grapes, Gums, Drugs, Plants, and fine Flowers, Here arc three forts of Cherries bigger than ours, fuch plenty ot Peaches, that they give 'era to Hogs, thofe call'd Melacottoons arc as big as Lemons, Cu- fhaws, Macocks, Water and Musk-Melons, Gourds, and Pumpioiis ; And white Plums of fevcral forts abound here ; but Englijh Plums do not ripen kindly. Here's a wild Fruit call'd Ptirchamines, of fevcral fizcs, which when ripe, is as delicious as an Apricock, but eaten green, caufes Gripes and Convullions. They fornurlv made Drink of Q^iincos; but now tliey have plenty of Syder and Pcrr) for their common Drink, every Planter having Orchards. Figs grow here as well as in Sp.i'r,: ; but Oranges and Lemons don't thrive. Belides common .Acorns, they have a fort from w liich the Natives us'd to draw Oil to anoint thein- felves, and another which they dried for Winter-Food, when Coin was fcarce. All forts of Garden-Roots, Sallade, and Pot- Herbs grow here as in England. Here is alfo Snake Root, and one call'd Mufijuarpcin, withwhich the Native; pain: their Bodies and Aran. C 1; c e TJe ^1U ^>. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 !f:»^ I iT 112 „„,, 1.1 2.5 ■^ I £ us 1-25 i 1.4 III 2.2 12.0 1.6 I PhotogTdpldc Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716)873-4503 \ r^ SJ ^\ <^ ;\ 6^ . -"* . 242 NORTH AMERICA: The Soil is capable of all forts of Corn. Flax, Hemp, and Cot- ton thrive well here : And there are abundance of Mulberry-Trees to teed SilJi-Worms. Silk-Grafs j^rows aifo in many Places, and may be rut icveral times in .\ Year. Here's plenty of Paflurc-G round, Pliy- fick-Harch, Djers Ware, Coals, Qiiarries of Stone, and Mines of Iron and Lead. Silver Ore has alfo been found near the Falls. Their Trees are Cedar, Firs, Pines, Poplars, Cyprefs, Hccidy, Sweet-Myrtle, Li\e-Oak, Chefmits, Walnuts, Elms, Adi, and IJeech cf ievcral Sorts. And their Oaks arc commonly fo l.irge, that they are tw Foot fquarc at lixty Foot high. Here arc alfo Dogwood, Elder, Hazel, Locuft-Trees, SalUifras, Chinkapins, HucklcL-rries, Cranberries, Goofcberries, Strawberries, and Hickories. Here might alfo be Sugar enough, but they don't cultivate it; nor do they much mind to make Tar, Pitch, or Rolin. The chief Beafis peculiar to the Country are, the Aronghcna, a fort of Badger; a Water-Rat which fmellslike Musk i the Ulcluinquois, a fort of wild Cat ; the OpalVum, and a Flying-Squirrel. The Woods abound with Deer, larger and fatter than ouis\ Hares and Rabbits in plenty. Here are alfo Lions, Leopards, Panthers, Buffaloes, wild Hogs, Elks, Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Otters, Bevers, wild Cats, Ra- coons, Pilecats, Wccfcls, Martens, Minks, and a good £»/g/;7i Breed of Horfcs, and black Catteli bi.t the Sheep arc few becaule of the Wolves. Mo Country lias greater Variety of Birds ; as, Rockbirds, which love Men fo well, that wiien they fee one, they will perch on a 'J>ce by him, and fing fwcetly; Hummingbirds, Blackbirds w ith red Siiaul- dcrs. Nightingales with a Mixture of crimfon and bliic-colour'd Fea- thers, large Herons, with variety of wild Fowl of all forts. Turkeys larger than ours, and in fcafon all the Year. Their Infedts arc the fame w i:h thofe in our other Plantations. Fifli of all forts abound in their Rivers and Seas. Tliere's one fort call'd Stingrafs, w hich is good Meat, but has a long Tail with a dan- gerous Sting ; and another call'd the Toad-Fidi, whicli when taken out of tiie Water, fwelis till it be ready to burih Here's plenty of Muf- cles, and big Oyfters that contain Seed-Pearl. In the Spring the Creeks fsvarm w ith Herrings that come to fpaw n ; and there are Whales, Siiarks, and Porpoifes on the Coaft. Here's a fort of Fi(h- ing Hawks, that catch large Fifli, and (ly to the Woods with them; but are frequently purfu'd by one call'd the Bald-Eagle, which makes 'cm drop their Prey, and catches it before it falls to tlic <'iround. Tiie Inhabitants are divided into Natives, and the En^Hjb w ith tlieir Slaves. 'J'he Natives, when tiie Euf^lijh came hither, were able to bring joooo Men to the Field Irom their twenty Nations, but now cannot raife above ^00 j yet their petty Piiiues picafe tlicmielvcs wiclj their Phantoms of Sovereignty, but are Tributaries to the English, on wliofe Frontiers they live, and whoproteft them againfl the mure remote InMans, that iiatc tiiem mortally. They are P.ig.uis, and their thief Riches conllft in Furs and Pearl, which they fell to the ^/Tj/y'J. In 1705, the Number of the Counties, Parillies, Acres, People, and their Qiiota's for the Militia w as taken as follow s : Counties. Pariflics HenrHO, 2 Piiiht Georf^e 7 aiiil CharL<, X 3 iV.vnt't, 2 Ille of /f r/-.', 1 N.!'-fi'i:', s n.L, 1 ir.i.rJd; 2 FUxuh-^-.K I Nn. A'. .7, 2 Kii-s, It'll .I'll, 1 Kiiizai:.: Q_i\:. 2 CA'.Vr/?..-, 4 ArULJls, I Elf.s, I Rnh-m-J, \ St.iftl..!, J 3 ^ H\flm'y.d.iyJ, * c Litncafltr, : r M'J'th inbtrlaiul. z J Ac com. id. I NoithiViijtiH, I 49 Acres. 14S787 1 11050 14279^ I! 1 172 ii;oi9 98305 10S.562 (o-6j 38444 29000 i-i; 14 ^'43:4 l"l7l:2 i;';: 20; 3 i>6i 2736 nil 2155 941 2099 llfH 2804 nji 2081 712 60616 25033 Females and Militia. Horfe. Children. 1498 34J 98 2639 625 :03 H^o 350 6i 187; 5'4 140 1512 ?i»i >4J >S7» 580 48 nsi 284 69 i<"Ji 401 12? 1149 390 ^3 S95 201 49 7W 196 54 2049 420 1 20 1031 1 i59«r 69^ 189 ;:o6 594 121 8^6 199 5^; I ;io 4iS 139 1:30 5°4 132 1 I 70 345 «4 1605 J51 1?? 1:14 2/1 4» 9>l 52J 130 "7f'3 456 101 H69 347 9521 70 i3<53 3i;5&3 Foot and Dragoons. 247 422 2S3 374 449 33* 21? 173 3»» «5» '4» 300 509 7'59 The i'005 rnli.-.!i; ants in N'j^tkr-XcJ-, and i:c-> Finuh Refugees, v.ho \i\c uhuiii: Ml nadhiii, are not included in this Number : So that the Whole of tlie £n:^!'jl, and thofe who are fubject to 'em in this Country, may l)c computed at 71000. 'll.e .■\ii:r.iii;iirati.in I'.ci e is b\ a CJovcrnor fent from the Crown, wlio vith his Cnr.nril, n.iin'd by the King, is cnirufted with the executive Power; but riie f.cciillaturc is in the Allcmb;/, with the GcA'ernor's Confint, ratifiid by th.' Prince. The chief Court next to tlieAlVem- l)!y is that call'd tiie General Court, iie'd by the Governor and Council, will) ;uc the Jidgcs, end determine all Ci\il Caufcs without Appeal, i.nltfs ti,e Matter in difputt be above ■joo /. and tlien there lies an Ap- peal to the King and Council in £'/?/.»•/. In Criminal Cafes there's no Appeal ; aiul the Governor can pardon any Oime but Murder, fcr V hich he can only repriev e till the King's Pleadirc be known. He calls, proroinies, and diliolvts the AlVembly ; fummons, and prclides in Couiiril, and governs inmp.nncrof a Viceroy. He is Vice-Admiral by C.oa.million from the Admiralty of EmJ.ia.l, has a Salary of 2000 /. fa- y}i:,.. and 150 for Hou(e-Rent, which, vith Pcrijuifitcs, makes it 5000 /. fo- .'Inn. V. hen tiiC Governor or his Deputy arc abfent, the Prefident of the CiH'.niil lias the Adniiniftraticn. His Salary is 500 /. /itr Wk«. The Councelli Ti hai e an equal Vote with the Ciovernor at the Council- 'J'able, aie a Check tii'on him, and form the Upper Houfu in the Ailembly. 'I'hc Low er Honfc confiRs of two Reprtfentativcs ciiofen by each (( iiiity, and one f ^r 7.'"'" City, which makes fifty one in all. Their Prcrtcdinps arc aLer the manner of oiu- Parliament : and the otiicr Pans of the Gdvcrnrrint are like ours, liy Sheriffs, |ufiiccs of and the others that of Maiz. Gentlemen brew Small Beer of Rtt'^lijh Malt ; ! at Strong Beer and Wine they have from clfewlicre. They diftil Spirits from Apples, PearScs, tjc- The Poor make Beer of Mololles and Bran, or Indiiin Corn dried in a Stove j and make feveral other Liquors that are wholefome, and plcafant enough. Tlieirchief Firing is Wood, which is fo plentiful, that they are not at pains to dig Coal. The Rich have their Clothes cither of light Stufts or Silks from Eng- land, and are very modilh. In Summer the M«n wear J.ickets of Fullian or Linen, and tht Women have Gowi#of Linen or Mulliii. The Houfes are of Brick, 'Fimber, or Stone, pUfter'U on thcOut-fido with Lime and Oyfter-Shells. The better fort divert themfelves by hunting Wolves, wild Horfcs, Deer, Bevers, Hares, and wild Turkeys. I'is obferv'd that the En^lijh Men arc much more numerous here than the Women. Difcafct of the Climate are Colds, to which Strangers arc liable, if not ex- ceeding careful j as alfo to Gripes and Fluxes by eating the plcafant Fruits too greedily. 1 he Scurvy, Fevers, or Agues are pretty com- mon ; but tor the two latter, they ufe the Jefuits-Cark fucc :fsfully. Their Phyficians arc few, and for the moft part ufe uoth.ng but Simples. 'I hey traffick among themfelves chiefly by Barter, for want of Coin, what they have being either Aynbian Chequinsat ten Shillings apiece, or .^^rtHz/i, ./^wd/oiM, aijd £h^//^j Gold or Silver. Tlieirchief Trade is in "l obacco, which they have brought to fuch Perfcftion, cfpccially the fweet-fcentcd, that 'tis reckon'd the bell in the World, and is generally vented in Emland for home Confumption. The Tobacco Trade is one of the mod prntitable llraiy lies ( f The Britilli Empire in thofe Parts, **• nine Fathom tlccp. Tliis Euy receives abundance of na\ii:.!b!c Rivers with large Mouths, on both (ides, and hi.: fcvcral finall L.aiuis, fome of which arc planted. 'Ilie broadcft Place y.' this Uay is at the Moutli of I'iiioumaik River, in Lat. j^;. where ii is thirty lix Miles over. The firft River where the Eui^lijh fettled, and whicli lies funhrft South, isyamci River, by ti.c Natives cali'd lou/jiitaii. It falls into the Sea or rather the Bay of th:ful'ciik, in Lat .?/. nms a hundred and foriy Miles up the Country, and is about a Mile broad as ingh as jf.iwu Town, which is thirty Miles up, and it receives fcvcral River-, oa both (ides. The Town lies on the North-lido of tlic River in a Pe- ninfiila, has about fcvcnty Houfcs that lie fcatter'd, and feveral pub- lick Houfcs for Con^cniency of Travellers. It is much diminifli'd by Fire, and the Reinoval of Jie Courts of Juftice and the A(lembl) to Willimnibiirg, about feven Miles further within Land, which coiilills but of thirty Houfcs. Colonel NiJulfM rcir.ov'd thofe Courts hither, founded a Ccllcpc, a Stadthoufc, and a Fort w ith ten or twelve Guns, and order'd fcvcral Streets to be mark'd out in form of a IV, but ir was never (inifli'd, it beint; the Humour of tlie Vir^Jiiiiins to live in their Plantations. 'Tis not c.\peiSed this Colony lliould abound with 'l'o\s ns, unlefs that Cuftom be altcr'd. 2. Icrk River lies North from "yames River, fulls into Chcfape.ik Bay, is navigable (i.\ty Miles by great V'efl'els, and ninety by Iclllr. Tlie Country betwixt it and 7'""-^ Ri^cr is a fort of Peninlula, in fi nvj Places not above (ne Miles broad. Tis the beft inhabited, be- caufcof the Convenimcy of thofe two Rivers. In the Weft Ijoimdarics c f Al;.; A'./ii!.uh:.iii Mountains on the Weft, and thciSca on the I'.ail. It lit. s bct\\i\t l.ar. ?i cr ?"• ""d Long. 78 C7 !>T- 'i'he greatcll E\- tmt Sout'i .-.nJ North is three h'.:;n.ircd and lixty Miles, and tiie great- tft ilicui;!) K.d: and Weil is nuic'i the fan;c ; but 'tis contr.:aed by the Mountjins and the Sea on the South. It vas formerly recKon'd part of fZ .7./,<, poflcfsM by the .Sr,i),/',j»,/(, and then by the /^'f;-./', but was claim'ki by tlic Emlijh as part oi C,ik>t\ Difcovcrics ; but tiicy iie- \xr tcoK f.-rnial Poil'edion till the time ol King C/j.irlcs II. Vet in 1(5;;, fcvcral /•'(/■.;/', 'j Families from /'.r;/;;;'.! and iV.'tu £);:;/.;«iji'b:oy, Sir duty^e Cmertt, Sir irii.i.im BirrUey, and ^ir y Itii Ciliiioa, to plant all that Territory from the North-end of /.v./i illinc in the Smith/ ■,,,.;;,•.■.;-•; Sea, within North Lat. 56. to the Weft as far as the South Se.is, and South as far as the River .S'-(k 71/.;/- thco, w hicii boidci s on tile Co.'.ft: of Ho: il:, within North Lat 51. and fo Weft, in a di: cu Line to tl:- laid South Sea, for w Inch tiicy were to pay a t^^int-Rcnt of iweiity NLaks /vr ./,;,/. The lii ft 'I'liing the Proprietors conliiler'd for advancing tlie Colony was, that Lilnrty i f (^nlcieiue was ;,b!bliitcly neccdary ; and there- fore they obtaiii'ii a Claufc accordingly in their Charter, which they in- ferted in their fundamental Conllitutions, (ign'd by all of them ALi,\h i. 1661,'. to be and remain the facreil and unalterable Form and Rule of <.io\ eminent there for e\ cr. By thofe Conltitutions a Palatine was to be chole out of the Proprietors, to continue during Life, and to be fucceedcd by the eldefl of the others. Having ne Room for the Iliftory, wc proceed to the Dcfi ription. 'lis divided into A'.f/; and South Cnolinn, wliich have different Covcrnors, but the Proprietors are the fame. Noitli CiroUiui is divided into Alhi>»t.irle and tV, , :rJat Counties, and Snuth Cirolina^iato thoi'c of Ci'iiVili, BsrLlcy, Cvli'itvit, and Ciirli'ict. 'J'he Coiintrv in general lies conveniently for Trade, and has a plcafant and Lie Coaft, not Itormy nor fiozen in Winter. Mr. Aich- liiili; who hcs writ a Dcloiption of the Country, and was Governor of it in rfys. fa\s, theCliniatc is very temperate and healthy; that the Soil is fruitt.il, and abounds with Vines on the Coaft. Tiic Air is always clear, and agreeable to Enropenit Conftitutions ; fo that they liavcfcldom any raging Dillcmpcr, but what is brought from the more Southern Parts. The Difeafcs nioft common arc fome Touches of .Agues and has a bold Entrance, fcvcn Foot deep at low Water cu tlic Vi \r, forms a good large Harbour, and runs into the beft Country in C.i.'jliiut. Here are great Q^iantities of Drugs, as Sarfaparilla, CalTra, Gums, Rolin, and excellent Balfams that How from Trees, and ine,\!uulUblc Stores of Honey, of which they make choice Spirits and Mead. Thci have much improv'd their Silks, employ the Negro Cnildren to (eed their Silk-Worms, and make Hue Druggets mi.\'d with Silk and Wool. The Evr.ih Proteftants have fet up a Linen Manufactiuc, make good Romals, and cultivate Vineyards. 'i'heir Trees, Fruits, and Animals, are m;:c!i the fame with thofa of I'iygiiiia. Their Pines Cedars, Cyprefs, and other fragrant I'rees, are green all the Year, and yield (lore of Pitch and Tar. The Inhabitants fend their Produft to other Places in America and Europe: But efpecially to 5''"«'i.'V/j, Barbuikes, the /.wu.jrJ Iftands, and Eiiglwd, they fend Rice, Skins, Pitch, and I'ar. The oclier Corc- modities w hich they chielJy export, arc Beeti Pork, Corn, Peafe, But- ter, 'i'allow. Hides, Tann'd Leather, Pipe-Scaves, Hoops, Cotton, and Silk. 'I'he People here arc very prolifick, fo that many Families luue from ten to twelve Children apiece. The BriiiJ) Inhabitants are about 1:000, befidts Negroes. The Women arc in general good Houfe- wives, and fet their Children to work at eight Years of Age. We come nc.\c to the Topography oi the Counties : 1. Alhennayl.' County borders onVirgiiiia, and is water d by A!b:r' marU- River, which, after a Courfc of two hundred and forty Miles, belides 'i'urnings and Windings, falls into the Sea, Lat, 3 5. 'lis rull ot broad Creeks; but they don't run far into the Country. 'IT.is Coun- ty W.IS at firft better planted than any of the reft, and had about 300 Families; but moft of 'cm remov'd afterwards to &:/■:(• River. Part of the Country about Cape Lvok-out is inhabited by InJi.iiis. 2. Cliiieiulon County lies S. of Albennule, and is w ater'd by a River of the fame >.'. me, which falls into t!-.e Sea at CapeK.//, Lat. j-j. T!ie liu'.iiiiu ot this Province are reckon'd t'-.e molt barbarous in C t- ru'/iia. Here's but one E-'glijh Settlement tal.cn notice of, c^il'd Ch.i.lii Tow n. SoutI) CiirnHaa is divided from the Ni-rth by Sr,u!^ Ri'.er, w'hMi runs about a hundred and lifty Miles, and falls \\\: pretty w ell inhabited by Lnglijh and F,\iich. Here are aif j to:i!-' F:'.;ni- lies from Ne-u Enf/aii'i, wiio in lyofi beat off the Eahh Inia.'.ers. '1 iiis Co'.:nvy fends ten Nfembcrs to the AlVembly. 1. />t'/v'At Couiuy lies S.)ut!i tVoiH Cvr.'w. The North Parts are not plaiitcd ; b.,t tiie Soi;th abounds with Plantations, becaufe of the two great Rivers, Coi.fir and Ajhlcy. The North-welt Parts have fcicral good P tions upon ICulIo River. This County fend Afl'embly. Charki Town, at the Conllux of Ajiley and Ccwr Rivers, Lar. }.\. is the Capital of the Province. It lies on a N.ck . f Land betv. ecu the Rivers, and has two Creeks. 'Tis the nly fu > Port in the Pro- vince ; but no Ships of above two hundred Tuns pafs the 3.'.r; which is a great Difadvantage to its Trade. 'Tis the Maiket, however, for icral gooU riant..- 1 Mcrc.bers to tiis the whole Prcduft cf tlic Country, and trades near a tiioiifand vli'fs into the Continent. The Fortifications are more for Bo.ity tn.ai Strength, and conlift of fix Baftions, with a Line roun 1 them. I'hc adjacent Country is fruitful and pleafant, and the Avenues extremely delightful, efpecially that cali'd the Bro.nllVav, wnich is planted for three or four Miles, and looks gr« 1 all the Year. There arc feveral fair Streets and Buildings in the Town, and the Church is lan^c and ftately. Here's a publick Library, a Fmich Church in the chief Street, a Presbyterian and Baptift Meeting-Houfe, and another in the Suburbs for the Qiiakers. The Inhabitants are about 3000. This Town is* the Seat of the Governor, Alfembly, Courts of Judicature, and all publick Offices. (1.) DoYchtfer, on the South Borders cf this County, contains about three luindrcd and lit'ty People, and has a Meeting-Houfe for Inde- pendents. 5. C-ftfoH County lies South from Craven, and is divided by the Ri\er Stono from £t'-X/t'> County. The North-caft Parts are full of liUi.ui Settlements; and the Rivers form an Illand below Ch.irks Town, which is well planted and inhabited. Eitiflo River, in this Country, is alfo well planted on both Sides. New LniJoii lies on the Weft-lido of South Ediflo River, confifts of about eighty Houfcs, and has feve- ral confiderable Plantations in the Neighbourhood. This County has two hundred Freeholders, and fends ten Members to the Alfeiv .y. 4. Cjiwrt County is not yet inhabited, tho generally thought the mofl: fruitful ."ind pleafant Part of the Country. It contains tlic great Ri- ver CimLilie and the Miv, which join together, and form the Illand, The Country upon the Mij Fevers in 7/./1 and A:.xijl, which happen chicfty to new or rather Peninfula EMim, Lat. ji 7 Comers, and are generally occalion'd by Intemperance and Negleft. has a pleafant Lake and Valley. Here's Inch plenty of Nectarines, Apricocks, Apples, Pears, &(. that they feed their Hogs with them; and their Stone-Fruits generally ccme from planting theStonc to bear Fruit in four or five Years. Eu- mciii Cluin thrives to admiratit n ; and here's the beft Rice in the V.V:!il The Country .abounds Co mmh vith Provilions, that they f :ii;fli LM-cat Quan;itics to y.iw.i/r.t, n.i'ludve', Q-f. for their Wi'ntcr /. 'ji 11 iti picnry. Here arc alfi> Lions, Lcop.iriis, Pantiicrs, Buft'aloeJ, wild Hops, Elks, Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Ortcrs, licvcrs, wild Cats, Ra- loons, Polecats, W'ecfels, Martens, Minks, and a good £H^/i/'i Breed of Horfes, and black Cattcl ; but the Sheep arc few becauic of the Wolves. Is'o Coi'ntry has preatcr V'aricty of Birds ; as, Rockbirds, which love Men fo well, that when they fee one, they will perch on a Tree offn^ooo^Meifflffli^WinmiiMTieTi^^^iity^atuirS iicnv cannot raifc above s"o ; yet their petty I'l inccs pleafe tlicmfelvcs v itii their Phantoms of Sovereignty, biit arc Tributaries to the Eiiglilb, on w'hofe Frontiers they live, and wiio proteft them againil the more remote LiMans, that iiatc tliem mortally. They are Pa{;ans, and their chief Riches confill in Furs and Pe.irl, which they fell to the hnglijh. In 1705, the Number of the Counties, Parillie.s, Acres, People, and their Qiiota's for the Militia w as taken as follows : Counties. mill lev. Prime Georji^e 7 Neniico, P> Su) ivv, Ille of //".c/-.-, N.uif.vnuH.I, N.rfo'J, P;iiiiiJ!-An;:c, n-.L, FJa:ik':h, K:i:^ lI'iluDii, K-i.i ,v..i Q_ 2842 142450 5?34 4'; 500 1C':.^ i40i;:o 24CO lOll Acres 2o;3 Pill liir- i-]\6 V(.\U. ii'JJ 20;J9 ;-r,.):; 2804 99;'i\ 20S1 Males. 60616 Tlic '003 rn!i.-.I'i ants in A'..-/v,--A'-.t-, and i:ci r,i>\h Refugees, v-liO i:vc .ili(,iic .•1/'«rtf/'.!,/, are net iniiucicd in this Number : So that the \\ hole of the Enr^hjl ^ and thofewho are fubjea to em in this Coi'.ntry, may lie ciiinpuctJ at -;ooo. '1 i-.e Ai.'.;u;iii!:niti.in l.cre is b_\ a CJovcrnc.r feiit from the Crown, w ho v.ith his Connril, n.-iinM by the King, is eniruiied with the executive Power; but tlie f.c-vant< for ev er. \V hen the 'I'imc of the Whites is ex- p r'd, their Ni,i(ieis (ii('l> give c.ttli of them fifteen Budiels of Corn, ..nd tv o WW S.iits of Li.ien and Woollen ; and tliey buy Plantations at e .fy Rates, The Laws have provided that Servants be well ufed as to I)ier,_Ck;r'.cs, and other Kecellarics. Pi\,\ ifi. Hi ai e very cheap here. 'I'iie better for: have white Bread, S"5 1406 8S0 84, 1018 7'7 686 i2<;7 i:u8 4S2 46^ I ;25 1244 I >';3 I m 941 iif.S 1 04 1 712 Females and Children = 5053 1498 2639 1350 1873 1512 'S7i 13 5 « J 6;;.? I '49 S95 7'9 2049 loj.? I59Sr 3206 8s6 i;io 1:30 1 i-o 1605 J2I4 931 1763 H69 Militia 15583 Horfe. (U« a"'' Dragoons. 9522 and the others that of Maiz. Gentlemen brew Small Beer of Fjrji.h N!alt ; but Strong Beer and Wine they have from clfewhcre. The\ diftil Spirits from Apples, Peaches, crc The Poor make Beer of Moloilcs and Bran, or I.i.ium Corn drieu in a Stove ; and make fevcral other Liquors that are wholefome, and plcafant enough. Theirchicf Firing is W ood, w hich is (o plentiful, that they arc not at pains to dig Coal. 'I"he Rich have their Clothes cither of light Stufts or Silks from £ki^- Ivv.i, and are very modilh. In Summer the M«n wear J.ickets of Fuitian or Linen, and the Women have GowrPof Linen or Mulliii. 'I'hcHoufes are of Brick, Timber, or Stone, pl.iiler'd on the Out-lido w itli Lime and Oyfter-Siiclls. 'I he better fort divert thcmfelves by himting Wolves, wild Horfe?, Deer, Bcvers, Hares, and wild Turkeys. ^I'is obferv'J that the TT/.'f '. 'J Men are much more numerous here than the Women. Diieufej ot the Climate arc Colds, to wliich Strangers arc liable, if not ex- ceeding caieful ; as alfo to Gripes and Flu.xcs by eating the pleufant Fruits too greedily. 1 he Scurv)-, Fevers, or Agues are pretty com- mon ; but for the two latter, they uk the lefuits-Bark fuccefsfully. Their Phyficians arc few, and for tlie molt part ulc nothing buc Simples. They traflick among thcmfelves chiefly by Barter, for want of Coin, w hat they have being either A:ihian Chequins at ten Siiillings apiece, or Spanijh, Anmii.in, and EiifJ:jh Gt)ld or Silver. Their chief Trade is in Tobacco, which they have brought to fuch Perfection, efpecially the fweet-fcentcd, that 'tis retkcn'd the bed in the World, and is generally vented in En'>J.iiiJ for home Conliimption. The Tobacco I'rade is one of the mod profitable Branches of our Commerce, and is reckon'd to employ IwrnyDfiiila and M,ir)l,vi- pofed to bring in, one Year with another, above 500030/. Cuftoms. The Commodities fent hither are Linen, Silks, E.ijhLidi.i Goods, Wine, fine and coarfe Cloth, Serges, Stufts, Bays, Hats, all forts of Haberdafliery, Tools for Agriculture and Planting, Iron Ware, Clothes of ail forts ready made, Bifiuit, Flower, tiri. They drive a fmall Trade in the Sugar and Leeward-lllands with Tobacco, Cattel, and Provifions; and carry home Moloflcs and Sugar: But thofc oi Nevj England and Ne\u Tork ha\e got moft of their Trade to thcAfj- d;rai and Ai.O)e\ for Pipe-Staves, Hoops, ijc. The Situation of the Countries may be feen by our Map ; fo that we fliall only take notice of the principal Rivers and Places. The Eafl-fidc of this Country, as well as Maryland, lies on the great Bay of Chef.ipeiik, w hich is about fourteen Miles broad at the Mouth, in Lat. 37. but the Pafiiige for Ships not above five, iliere being Shoals of Sand on both fidts. The Water in the Cluuucl licrc ij from feven to and ordcr'il fcvcral Sticcts to be marii'd out in t'orm of a IV, but ic was never finifli'd, it being tlic Miimoiir of tlic Vir^Jniiins to live in their Plantations. 'Tis not cxpcfted this Colony llioiild abound witii Towns, unkTs that Cunom be alter'd. 2. lork River h'es l^orth from 'James River, falls into Cliefupeak Bay, is navigable (ixty Miles by great Vcfl'els, and ninety by leH'cr. The Country betwixt it and James River is a fort of Peninliiia, in fome Places not above five Miles broad. Tis the bcft inhabited, be- caufeof the Convcniency of thofe twoRi\crs. In the Weft IJoiindaricscf M'w AV«f, Lat. 37. are Hills that yield a glittering Sand, which the tirft Adventurers miftook for Gold Dud. On the Shores of fome other Rivers arc found hard tranfparent Siones lilic Di;!moni.'s, whicfi cut Glafs. The Cliffs \\\\m thofe Ri- vers are full of Veins of how ; and the Mountains in ioiue Parts of the Country fecm to be a continu'd Rock of Iron. XVI. (:,voli::.i hOiiT'ir^iiii.t on the North, Spanifli Flrhhi on tlie Soiitli, tiie Apal.ichi.iH Mountiins on the Weft, and the Sea on tiie Eail. It lies betwixt I. at. 3 \ ij XJ- and Long. 78 6" Sj. The grcatcfl Ex- tent South and Nortii is tiirce hundred and fixty Miles, and tlie great- eft iJrc.idiii Eaft and Weft is niucli tiie fame; but 'tis contraiited by tlie Mountains and tiie Sea on the South. It was formerly reckon'd part of fZ ivV/,;, poflcfs'il by the .Vortw'ijrc/f, and then by tlie /%«.•/', but vas claiin'd by the Emlijb as part of Cabot's Difcovcrics ; but they ne- ver tcoli fi-rnia! Pollcflion till the time of King Charles II. Yet in 16:;, ft\-vral £w;;A;'J Families from ?-7r;//;;'(i ai^d N.-w EupJaiiJ fettled near the Head of the River A'l), tcnvertcd many of tlic Natives, and amcnp others cue of tlieir Kings. In 1655 Mr. Brixfloc, an &?- l:f:nin',:, went v^i /Ip.-JaJia, wis'.re he was honourably encertain'd by the fu.jl.j'j f.ttlcd there, and wrote a Dcfcripcion of the Country. In K'fi, KingC7A/)/:j II. granted it by Patent to the Earl of Clareiir (III, the DiiKv vf Alk-riiiarh', the L-ords Ciavcn, BerUey, and .'A'j/cv, at:i.i wards Eail of Shajt^iios, Sir Gcijri_e Caneitt, Sir JVii.iam Biikky, and iiir y./>ii Ciliitoij, to plant ail that Territory from the North-end of J !i:ic Jlknd in the South ,' '. r,;;/,;;; Sea, v ithin North Lat. 5<5. to the Weft as far as the South Seas, and South as far as tiic River Snii Mat- Mid Silk. The People here arc very prolifick, fo that many Families have from ten to twelve Cliiidren apiece. The Briirb Inhabitants arc about 12000, befidcs Negroes. The Women arc in general good Hoafe- vives, and fet their Children to work at eight Years of Age. We come next to tiie Topography ot the Counties : 1. Albmnnrh County borders on Virgiiiia, and is water'd by .'Ub:r- mark River, wiiich, after a Courfc of two hundred and forty Miles, belidcs Turnings and Windings, falls into the Sea, Lat, 3 j. 'lis full ot broad Creeks j but they don't run far into the Country. 'I'lus Conn- ty was at firft better planted than any of the reft, and had aljont 300 Families; but moft of 'em rcmov'd afterwards to Cocfci- Rivei-. Part of tlie Country about Cape Lvok-nut is inliabited by Luliaus. 2. Clarendon County lies S. of Jllbermule, and is w atcr'd by a River of the fame I'J.me, which falls into the Sea at CapeK.;;, Lat, 3^. The Jiuiians of this Province are reckon'd tlic molt barb.irous in Ci- roliiia. Here's but one E'lglijb Settlement taken notice of, Caifd Charles Town. South CaroL'iia is divided from the North by S.inrie Ri'/er, v'ii( I'l runs about a iuindrcd and lifty Miles, and falls into the h\-a, Lat. 3.). Ti;o lirft County iicre is Cra-veit, on the South-iide of t!ie Riv;r, and \i piett;/ well inhabited by Englijh and French. Here .ire a'fj lew.: F:'.:;:i- lies from M'tu England, who in 1706 beat oft rlie F,emh Imaiers. '1 iiis Counry fends ten Members to tlie AiVcmbl/. 2. Berl.lc) Coiiiny lies S'.iiitli fro. n CvrjM. The North Parts arc n^i plaiitcd ; h.x t\c Smith abounds witli Plantations, becaufe of the two great Rivers, Cooper and /]:hley. The North-weit Parts iiave feveral good Pljn:.- tions upon ^f'lwi/o River. This County fends t.n Mciubers to ihe Aflembly. Charles Town, at tiie Conllux 0^ AJiley ■CLndCo.pcrli.'wcrs, Lat. 34. is tlic Capital of the Province. It lies on a N.ck :f Lmd be;.v.een tlie Rivers, and has two Creeks. 'Tisthe nly fi-e Port in the Pro- vince ; but no Siiips of above two hundred Tuns pafs >:'■_■ ' , ; wn'cli is a great Difadvantaqc to its Trade. 'Tis tiie Manw., liowever, for the whole Prcduft cf tiic Country, and trades near a ilioufand Miles into the Continent. The Fortifications arc more for B(Ni:-y tiuui tl\o, w hieii bovdei s on tlie Co-ift of Flo foWeft, in a direct Line to tl'.e l.iid Sjutii Sea, for wliich tliey were to l>ay a (^iiit-Rent of tveiity M.rLs per A.m. The (iril I'liini; tiic Proprietors tonlidcr'd for advancing the Colony vas, that Liftrty ( f Conli-ieni.e was ;.broli.ie!y nccell'ary ; and tlierc- f re they obtain'd a Claul'e accordingly in tlieir Charter, wliicli they in- feried in tlicir fundamental dnllitutions, fign'd by all of them Ma.ch i. 166';. to be and remain tlic ficrcd and unalterable Form and Rule of Cio\ eminent there for ever. I'y tlufe Conftitutions a Palatine was to be I hole out of tiie Proprietcus, to continue during Life, and to be fiicceedcil by tlie eldell of the others. Having ne Room for the Hiftoiy, wc proceed to the DelVription. 'lis divided into Al (A and Snah Caroliaa, whicli have ditfcrcnt Ciovtrnors, but the Prop; ietois are tlie fame- NnthCarolina is divided into Albei le and Cla, eiul ,1 Counries, and Su:ah Carcliiiajato tliof'e of tV,it(7.', /vivAv, Cili:tui, and C;i.'i'i''f. 'I'he Country in general lies conveniently for Trade, and has 3 plcafant and l'.ifc Co:iri, lu^r li.irmv nor fri^^en in Winter. Mr. ArJi- il.ih, who l;:s writ a Dcllii[tic.n of the Country, and was Governor • •I it in ii';^, (.IS"!, the (..limatc is very temperate and he.dthy; that the Soil is fruitt.il, and abounds witli \ ines on tlie Coaft. Tlie Air is :dwa>srltar, and .ig'-ee.iMe to E:!ropcan Conftitutions; fo that they Iia\efe!dom any r.ip.mg Dillemper, but what is brougiit from the morc_ Southern Parts. Tlu: DiCeafes nu ft common arc fome Touciies of Agiis and [■'e\ers in J:.l; and A: ^r/l, which happen ciiiclly to new C'cir.cis. and are gtner.iliy occaiioii'd by Intemperance and Neglect. Here's I'ucii pkntv lit' Ntctarinc;, Apricocks, Apples, Pears, (Je. tliat tliiyked tl.eirlligs with them; and tlieirStone-Fruits generally ccme fii ni planting theStonc to bear I'ruit in tour or five Years. Eu- ' Guin tluives to admiratim; and lure's the beft Rice in the i!. I lie Country abounds fo nnich with Provilions, that they finufli great Quantities toj.imai.a, Ba)badv<<, (je. for their Winter Icing fliort, gives tliem an opportunity to apply themfelves to raife all fi I IS of Pri duct, which aakes tiieir Provilions cheap. Fowl and Fill) of all forts abound here, as do Cattel of all Kinds. Here are many Deer, Jleais, and otlier Animals, that yield Furs. The Country aboimds V Ith navigable Rivers and Lakes ; but they prudently fettled on thofe fiift wlicfe Mouths were n.iirow or dullow ; fo that Enemies or Pi- i.iesdjuid not cafily iliftuib thtm by Sea. The South P.uts, all along / 1 If/;. 1,;/ Ri\ tr, in Lat. ; ?. have a more temperate Air and regular .Veil lis than the North, tliere being no Excels of Heat or Cold, and their W inter mihlcr and fliorter tiian on Ajhley or Cooper Rivers, \s liicii lie about tiiirty Nfiles furtiier Nortli. All along the Ikniks of /%f- >i')vj/are ftately 'I'rees of various forts, which arc perpetually green, and prefent Laiidslvips fo fne, and fo ciirioufty tiiverfity'd, as charm ti'.e Keholtlers. The Ground near moft Parts of it is low, but rifes pradually at a diftancc in little Hills, adjoining to fruitful Plahis per- 1 actually rovcr'd with Flowers and Greens, and well water'd with 'rcoks. Here are many Thickets which produce abundance ot Sim- fits made ufe of by the Indhius againll ail Uiftcmpeis. 'I'iiis Ri\ cr within North Lat 31. and Strength, and conlift of (ix Baftions, with a Line roun.i them. I'lic t'.te.ii! adjacent Country is fruitful and pleafant, and the Avenues extremely delightful, efpecially that call'd the Broad JVay, which is planted lor three or four Miles, and looks green all the Year. There are feveral fair Streets and Ijuildings in the Town, and tiie Cliurcli is huge and ftately. Here's a publick Library, 3 French Church in tiie ciiicf Street, a Presbyterian and IJaptift Mecting-Houfc, and another in the Suburbs for tlie Qiiakers. The Inliabitants are about 3000. This Town is tiie Seat of tiie Governor, Ailembly, Courts of Judicature, and all publick Offices. ( ^ Dorehejfer, on the South Borders of this County, contains about three nundred and lifty People, and has a Meeting-Houfe for Inde- pendents. 3. C^L'itoH County lies South from Craven, and is divided by the River Stcno from Berkley Counts . The North-eaft Parts are full oi Indiaa Settlements; and the Rivers tbrm an Illand below Charles Town, wliicli is well planted and inhabited. Edifto River, in this Country, is alio well planted on both Sides. Ne-eo Lradou lies on the Wcft-(ide of South Ediflo River, conlifts of about eighty Houfes, and lias feve- ral confiderable Plantations in tiie Neighbourhood. Tliis County has tw o hundred Frcelv-ilders, and fends ten Members to tiic Aifembly. 4. Carteret County is not yet inhabited, tuo generally thougiit the tnoft fruitful .indpiealant Part of the Country. It contains tiic great Ri- ver Cambahe and the Maw which join together, and form the IiLuhI, or rather Peninfula EJAai.o, Lat. 32 f. The Cguatry upon the M.:j has a pleafant Lal>c and Valley. The Islands in the Weft Indies Ifclong" ing to the Britilh Empire in America. I. S3S2^f''«'''"'^ <"■ -'>!"iimr's Iftands, Lat. 32. 2). Long. 58. (?o.' iJfi]^ over-againft the Coaft of Carolina, about five himdred and SUj® feventy Miles Eaft from Cape Carteret in tiiat Country. Authors dilfer about their Number ; but taking in all tiie little Rocks that deferve no Notice, they may be about four hundred. They had tlie prefent Name from Sir Geony Summers, who was ihinw reck 'si here in 1609 ; and 'tis faid tiiey were i:M\\ Bermudas from the Name of a Child born of a Pallenger, while Sir George ftaid iiere. Upon this Difcovery the £%'/;'//j made a Settlement here in i^i :, and by Degrees brougiit it to tiie prefent Condition ; (a that tiie Inhabitants arc now reckon'd about loooo, and are govern'd much after the nianner of our otlier Plantations. The Climate is healthful, and the Soil Iruitful. It was reckon'd one of tiie moft iiealthful Places -n the World for about eighty mat mm 244. NORTH AMERICA: eighty Years after tlic Difcovcry; fo that ficl; People us'd to come hiclicr from our Supar-lll;inils to recover their Health : But within thclc twenty Years, Hurricanes have much altcr'ii the Air ; yet in ge- neral 'tisclear, temperate, and calm. But fomctimcs they have dreadlul Lightnings and Tiiundcr v hicli fplit Rocks. The Storms come with the New Moon ; and if Circles be feen about it, 'tis a fure Prefage of a dreadfiirj'empeft. The Korth and North-weft Winds are moft predominant, and turn Summer into Winter. 'I'hey have feldom any Snow, nor are their Rains frequent, but violent, and then the Sky is frightfully darlt : Yet here feems to be a perpetual Spring ; and Birds breed in thefe Ifiands mcft part of the Year. The Soil is of feveral forts. 'I'wo or three Foot under the Mould there's a Subftance tike Chalk, porous like a Pumice-Stone, and containing much Water. All that they have here is brackifli, except the Rain-'Water they keep in Cifterns for Ufe. Maiz is their chief Grain, which they Vow and reap twice a Year. Their Harveft-time is 7«/> and De.e?i!!cr. Here's Tobacco, but not very pood, with moft other Plan'.', found in Amerh.i ; and thole brought from Europe grow to Perfeftion. Their 'I'rees arc Palmetto's, Piemento's, and wild Palms, V hofc Fruit refembles Dam.ifccns ; and Silk-Worms lodge in their Leaves, by which they might have Silk enough, did they mind it. Here's ftore of odoriferous '^Trees which produce ftyptick Berries, that cure Fluxes. Th.cir Cedars are reckon d the beft, and as good as Oaks for bi;ikiing Ships, w hich is one of the beft Parts of their I'radc. Here are fine Pl.'.ntaticns of Oranges, reckon'd the largeft and bed in the World, Mulberries, ixc whicli give the Country a beautiful Piofpect. 'I'hcir Fruits arc Dates, prickled Pears, Beans, Mulberries, and otl.crs oi feveral forts, particularly one which grows on thatcall'd the Redwtcd, out of v hich come Worms that afterv ards turn into Flies, vhicii feed on the Berry, are bigger than the Cochineal, equal in Colour, and fuperior in medicinal Virtue, fays Lnaher, in his I'hi- LJcpl: I'mnf. No vcn.-.mcus Creature can live here. They have large beautiful Spiders without Venom, whofe Webs referable raw Silk, and catch birds £S big as TiiniJhcs. Here's a Plant call'd Poifon-Weed, which refembles h\ : 1 he I'ouch cf it caufes a Pain and Swelling, which quickly gees off; and f. metimcs the very Sight of it caufes the Skin of cnc"s Face to ptc! ; \et it does not aftcft e\ery one, for fome People cl'.cw ir wirhctit h.i.-m. The Sea produces all our forts of Fifli, and others not known in £-.i'/t; .ind on the Rocks under Water grows t!iat c.iU'd flie Sca-Fcather, which rcfcmblcs the Leaf of a Vine, with red \ c;rs. T|-.c Wh.-.Ics whi-.h abound liere \n M.iih, April, and M.'.\, tied rn tiiat Plant. Spernia Ccri and Pearl arc fometimts found on tl'.e C(i.;(l, and abiuiilancc of Tortoifcs of the beft fort. Their Fiiw 1 is w ii.;t is common in Euirpe ind ylmmci ; and their only trouble (on-.t Infcil-.s are .Nfuskettocs, Bugs, and Ants. The Inhabi- tants are gcnci ally healthful : Many live to a hundred Years, but few abo\c, and fccm rather to die cf Age and Weaknefs than of Sicknefs. The Houfts are generally cover'd with Palmetto-Leaves, tight or ten Font long, and a!m( il as broad. Thefe lilands lie almoft in form cf a Crcfcent, encori'pafs'd for the mofl part by the great one, w hich is about twenty Miiis long, but much indented by Bays on theKorth- veft fide. 'Ihe main Illand is fortified by Rocks, which extend them- feh es round it a great way into the Sea ; and this natural Strength is improved by Forts, (~c. fo plaured with Cannon, as to command the Clianncls and Inlets. There are only tw o Places w here Ships can fafe- Ijputin, b;:r not without a Pilot, hecaufe of the hidden Rocks. 'i'hefe two Hn-lxnirs are (j.({: for large Ships ; and fo fortified, that an Lntmy may eafiiy be kept cur. It ebbs and flows here about five Foot ; and in niuft Plaits the Rocks appear at low Water. So many Ships were founerly wrecK'd here, tliat the .i/iw/Wj call'd them the Devil's Pl.wHs. Tlie chi'-f Town licrc is that c( St. Geovre, at the bottom of a Bay in the Il'ecf that N.imc, in the North-weft Corner of thefe Itlands- 'Lis defended by l!\ ■ r fl\(.n Forts and Batteries mounted with fcvcnty Cannon, fudifpt^'d, that they can all be brought to bear upon any Ship litfi^re file enters the Harbour. Here's a fair Church, with a good Lil-iary, and the Miniftcr has 50/. ptf Ann- and fome Glebe Lanils. 'Ihe 'I'ownconfifls of a thouf„nd handfome Houfes, and has a fine Stadthoufc for the Governor, Council, and Ailembly. There arc two other Mniillcrs wlio ofliciate in the Country, and have 40/. fa- Ann. each, bclidcs their Glebes ; and they ha\e parochial Libra- ries. We refer to the Map for th.c Tribes into which thefe Ifiands are divided. II. TIic;/?,7mw,7, or /.mvnf Illands, are the moft Northern of the /<»- tilus, ;nd lie tall .ind South-Eaft from Spanijb Florida, betw ixt Lat. 2 J, and ;o. ;,nd Lon;,'. 70, andSo. They are feparated from Florida by the (Julj h of i?.;/j..w<7. Some reckon them four hundred in number, including all the little Rocks about tlicm, tho it does not appear fo by our Maps. Many o( thefe Illands have a good Mould, 'i'he Air isw'l'.clefome, and not fo hot as in other Parts of the fame Latitude- Mcfi ( f their Ciiafts arc dangerous and ill to make; which is the Rea~ fon iliRt they c(>ntinu'd fo long defert. The .Sj&ij«/Vir//r deftroy'd or rarr\'dolf nicft i (' thenati\e Inhabitants, and ufcd to trade thither (or C'.u.-ii.vi nm, SaiTaparilla, Sallafras, Red-wood and Ambergrcafe, That called the I/le of Providtme, of v» Iiicli the Captain is made Go- vernor, is the moft confiderablc, tho not the largcif. Here it w as where the £*t5///7j Governor refided. 'Tis about twenty eight Miles long, and eleven w here broadeft. Captain Sitylt gave it the Name, after he was a fccond time drove upon it in his Voyage to Carolina. The chief Profits made by the Inhabitants were by Wrecks, or Provi- iions for thofe who were drove hither by bad Weather ; for wliich end they kept Storchoufes, tho moft of their Provilions came from Ca- rolina. While the Englijh were in pollellion, there was a 'I'own hero called i\^j/7ii«, of 160 Houfcs, with a Fort. At the Entrance of the Harbour there is a Bar, over which no Ship of 500 I'un can pafs ; but w ithin there is room enough for a Navy Royal. The Illand produ- ces nothing but Salt and Brafiletta Wood, which they carry to Caro- lina, whither it is a Week's Sail, but ten days back, becaufe of the ftrong Current in the Gulph of FtoriJ.i. Peafe come up here in fix Weeks, and Indian Corn in twelve. Mr. Stafford, in his Account to the Royal Society, fays, this Illand abotmds with variety of Fifli, Fowl, Trees, and Plants unknown to us ; and our PhihfophicalTranf- afHoits, Vol. 2. fay. Whales have been found dead on the Shore here, with Sperm over all their Bodies ; that one fuch Whale is reckon'd worth many Hundreds of Pounds; and that here's a fort of Filh which caufe great Pains, if eaten, but they go off after two Days Itching. They arc hard to be diftinguifli'd, becaufe there are others of the fame Shape, Size, Colour, and Tafte, that arc harmlefs. The reft of thefe IHands are not worth inlifting on. The greateft Advantage that can be expcftcd from them, is, that they lie convenient in a Time of War to cruife upon the Spamjb Plate-Fleet, in their Return homeward from the H.tvana, or to nave Store-Houfes for the Relief of Ships drove hither by Strefs of Weather in their Way to and from the Gulph o^ MtxiiO. III. Jamaica lies betwixt Lat. 17. ^^. and 18. 40. Long. 75. ij. and 77. 53. is about fixty Miles South and North, where bro.ideft, and a hundred and fifteen Eaft and Weft w here longeft, the Form being al- moft oval. 'Twas taken from the Spaniards by thcEnglijh in 1(554. The Climate is fo temperate, that there's no Country betwixt the two Tropickswheie the Heat is more moderate, the Air being cool'd by Breezes, frLq,!cnt Rains, and nightly Dews. The Eaft Breezes begin about Nnu in the Morning, and grow ftronger as the Sun rifes ; fo that People may worl; in the Fields all Day; vet the Weather is more variable iiere tiian in others of ri.e C.iribl/ees. 'I'he Eaft and Welt Farts are moft fubjeit to Stoi ms of Wi:ui .and Rain, becaufe the Forefts arc not cut down, which make them Icfs agreeable than the South and North Parts, that are dcar'ii of Woods. Tlic Air in the mountainous Parts is cooler, and thev have frofty Mornings. M.» and Dectmber are wet Months. The Winter is diftinguifird" from Summer by tiie more violent Rain and Thunder. TheDaysand Nights arc almoft equal ; and the Tides feldom rife above a Foot high. The Produft is Piemento, or 7'W,?;V.j-Peppcr, better than the E.tft- India Spice, Sugar much better than the BartiaJues Mufcovado, which cures fafter iierc in ten Days than at Harbadoes in lixMonths ; wild Cin- namon, many Druys and Medicinal Herbs, as Guaiacum, China, Sarfaparilla, Caflia, Aloes, Benjamin, Contrayerva, Sumach, Tama- rinds, Venillo's, many forts of Milletoe, wholefomc Gums, and Roots ; the Cochineal-Plant, prickled Pears, or Indian Figs, Spirit-Weed, the Baftard Cedar, Wldtcwood-Trce, Soap-Tree, Calfavi-Roots, the Palm, Pine, and Manchineel-Trees ; feveral forts of Dyers and Sweet Woods, Melons, Mangoes, Planc-Trces, Sower-Sops : and here are certain Fruit-Trces which, tho of the fame kind, ripen at different Times. There's Tobacco here fo mucii eftecm'd, that the Merchants buy it fafter than the Planters can make it ; but that which grows on Salt-Petrc Ground flaflies as it fmokes, and is apt to rot in Tranfportation. The Potatoes which grow oii the fame Ground ripen two Months fooner than others; butmuftbe immediately fpcnt, be- caufe they foon rot. Here are alfo good Ginger, Cotton, Pricklc- Apples, Cuftard- Apples, and many others ; Plantancs, Anana's, Mani- mees, Sapata's, Sapotilla's, Avocata's, fenfuie Plants, Oranges, Pomegranates, with the other Fruirs, Roots, and Herbs common in England. And befide Maiz, here are Peafe and Beans, and one fort call'd the Horfe-eye Bean, becaufe it refembles the Eye of that Crea- ture. Salt-Petre has been found in many Parts of the Illand; and there are three good Salt-Pans. Some ulk of Silver and Copper Mines. There are many good Horfes; and there were Multitudes of large Beeves, but now fo much diminifli'd that the Inhabitants are fuppliej with Beef from other Colonics. The Sheep are generally large and fiit, but the Wool good for nothing. Hogs, Goats, Affes, and Mules, abound here. The Bays and Rivers have all forts of good European and American Filh, particularly Tortoifes, reckon'd the beft in America ; fo that Veflels come annually for 'cm from the Cariblee Ifiands. The Ponds and Rivers are infefted with Aligators; and here are great Numbers of Manchinella's, (hap'd like Craw-Filh. Tame and Wild Fowl, and particularly Parrots, abound more here t han in many of the other Ifiands. Infcfts are the Firc-F!i«, Wood- Licc, Cyrons or Chegos, that chiefly annoy the Negroes, get into their Feet and Legs. ^ 5 : vliofe Fruit rcfembles Damafctnsi and Silk-Worins lodge in their Leaves, by whirli tlicv mielu liave Sillt enough, did they mind it. Here's ftore of odciifJrous 'Trees which produce ftyptick Berries, that cure FUincs. Their Cedars arc reckon'd the beft, and as good as OalisFor bi:ikiing Ships, vh-'-h is cue of the beft Parts of their I'rade. Here are fine Pl'nntatioiis o. Oranges, reckon'd the largeft and bell ill the Wttrld, Mulberries, CTc which give the Country a beautihil Pioipeiit. Their Fruits arc Dates, prickled Pears, Beans, Mulberries, and others o{ fevcral forts, particularly one which crows on that call d the Redwecd, out of which come Worms that afterwards turn into Flies, vhich feed on the Berry, are bigger than the Cochineal, equal ill Colour, and fuperior in medicinal Virtue, fays Lvuithc; in his Phi- IJcfh. l'a>.f. No\cn>.mous Creature can live here. They have large beautiml Spidiis viri'.oiit Venom, whofe Webs referable raw Silk, and catch biids as ble as ThuJlics. Here's a Plant call'd Poifon-Weed, which leicmbles Ivy : 1 he Touch of it caufes a Pain and Swelling, which quickly gocs'off ; and L mctimcs the very Sight of it caufes the Skin of rnt's Face to picl ; }et ir does not afieft everyone, for fome People tl-.cw it virhout l);;nn. The Sea produces all our forts of Fifli, and others not known in E;;ovc, aiuikemiarhcrto diecf Age and Weaknvfs than of Sickncfs. 'Fhe Hoi;fts are generally cover'd with Palmetto-Leaves, tight or ten Foot long, and almi ft as brcid. 'Fhcfe Illands lie almoft in form rt'aCicfcent,enccr!'pafs\i fortliemoft part by the great one, vhich is about tv. enr\ Miits long, but miirh indented by Bays on tiie Korth- wclt iidc. 'Ihe main IPand ■'., fortilicd by Rocks, vhich extend them- felves round it a great way into the Sea; and this natural Strength is improv'd by Fens C".-- fo planted with Cannon, as to command the Channels anc Tnlct.s. 'Flicre are only t\\ o Places v here Ships can fafe- 1} put in, b;:t nor without a Pilot, becaufe of the hidden Rocks. 'i'htfetwo fin-iunirs a'e Lie for large Ships; and fo fortiried, that an Fnemy may ealily be kept ci"- It ebbs and Hows here about tive I'oot ; and'iri moft Places the ocks appear at low Water. So many Ships verc foimerlv wretk'd here, tlut xlx SfaniMih call'd them the Tl'.e li.i'. f Town here i. that t.\ St. Gerrie, at the bottom of a Bay in the Il'C cf that K.imc, in ti-.e North-w eft Corner ot thefe Illands. ' Fis ceftnued by li- ir fi:vcn Forts and Batteries mounted with levcnty Cinnon, iu'dilpi s'd, that they can all be brought to bear upon any Ship bcNie file inters the Htrbour. Here's a fair Church, with a Ci od l.il.Kiry, and ti;e Minifttr has ^o /. fiiAi:i:- and fome Glebe Lands. '1 he Tovn conlifts oi a thouf.nd handfomc Houfes, and has a t;nc Stadthoifc for tiie Governor, Council, and Ailembly. There are two other Minillcis wl.o rfliciate in the Country, and have 40/. fc:- An:, each, belides their Glebes ; and they ha\e parochial Libra- lie'. We refer to the Map for tlie I'ribes into which thefe Illands are di\ idcd. II. 'I hc'i). /.i.jw.T, or /.v.Tt Illands, arc the moft Northern of the .,4«- tiLis, and lie talt and Soutn-Eal^ from Spawjh Flovitia, betw ixt Lat. ij, and 50. ;,nd Lons,'. 70, and 80. 'I'hey are feparated irom Florida by the Gi.l; !', cf £,./'..'M.t. Some rceki-n them four hundred in number, incliding all the little Rocks about them, tho it does not appear fo b\ Oi.r Map?. Many cf thefe Islands have a good Mould, 'i'he Air iswholefome, and not fo hot as in other Parts of the fame Latitude. Iklcf: ( f their C'.mP.s arc dangerous and ill to make; which is the Rea- fon that they continu'd fo long delcrt. 'I'he .Sjf.jn/rtiv// dcitroy'd or carr\'dolf mclut thenati\e Inhabitants, and ufcd to trade thither for Cniahirinn, Sarfaparilla, Sull.ifras, Red-wood and Ambergreafe, vhich with Maiz, I'ovl, and a fort of Rabbits, were their general FrcdLwt. Eu/j.iTna, vhich gives n.anic to the rcfl, lies nearcfl /7u»V.Aj, bctw;:,tL3t. ;o, and ;-. is aiioiit lixty miles long, but narrow. In thc.^'r.i'M betv ixt it and F/o,/,/.;, the Current is fo ftrong, that frc- qrcn'.h neirlitrW ind nor Oarscan prevail againft it ; fo that tho the V. ind iie f..it, M;!p^ ( annnt enter it till a certain Seafon ; and if the Wind beir( I's ility go v ith the Current. 'I'he Spanilh Fleets muft w nit t!;eir Opportunity to pafs this Strait from the Havana homeward. ("apt;.in //I "m7«.K/.V, afterxvards Governor oi Carolina, being drove in I'.ithcrby 'Fempcft, difcovered them to the Proprietors of Carolina, V. ho obtained a Grantcf them in ifii^j. The Eiigljh kept pofleffion cf them till . biut 1 700, when the F, Ciuh and Spanianh from Petit Gua- •v:i<, invaded them, took the Fort and Governor in the Ifle of Provi- d(me, phiiidtiV. ; nd deftroy'd the Settlements, ^'f- carried off half tl'i Blaiks ; and tlx reft of the People who fled to the Woods retired af:erwan!s to CHrlii:a: (ince that time thefe Illands have been a Shelter lor Pirates w horn Captain /Jw'j was fent to reduce 101717; but wc I: JVC iiad no Accciun of his Suctcfs. with Sperm over all their Bodies ; that one fuch Whale is reckon'd worth many Hundrc's of Pounds; and that here's a fort of Fifli which caufe great Pains, if eaten, but they go oft' after two Days Itching. They are hard to be diftinguifli'd, becaufe there are others of the fame Shape, Size, Colour, and I'afte, that arc harmlefs. The reft of thefe Illands are not worth infifting on. The greatcft Advantage that can be cxpcftcd from them, is, that tiiey lie convenient in a Time of War to cniife upon the Jj9.w//yJ Plate-Fleet, in their Return homeward from the Havana, or to have Storc-Houfes for the Relief of Ships drove hither by Strefs of Weather in tiieir Way to and from the Gulpii of Mexico. III. Jamaica lies betwixt Lat. 17. jy. and 18. ao. Long. 75. ij. and 77. 53. is about fixty Miles South and North, where broadeft, and 3, hundred and fifteen Eaft and Weft where longeft, the Form being al- moft oval. 'Twas taken from the SpanianU by the Englijh in 11554. The Climate is fo temperate, that there's no Country betwixt the two Tropickswheie the Heat is more moderate, the Air being cool'd by Breezes, fr^q>!ent Rains, and nightly Dews. The Eaft Breezes begin about Nin< in the Morning, and grow ftronger as the Sun rifes ; fo that People may work in tiic Fields all Day ; vet the Weather is mors variable here than in others of ti.c Cayibhes. The Eaft and Weft l'.»rts are moft fubjcift to Stoims of Wind and Rain, becaufe the Forefts arc not cut dovn, which make the:n Icfs agreeable than the South and North Parts, that are rlear'il of Woods. The Air .' . the mountainous Parts is cooler, and thev have frofty Mornings. A/.iv and Denmber are wet Month":. The Winter is diftinguifird from Summer by the more violent Rain and Thunder. The Days and Nights are alraofl equal ; and the Tides feldom rife above a Foot liigh. Tiie Produft is Piemento, ory.jw.jKj-Pepper, better than the E.ifl- India Spice, Sugar much better than the Barb.tiloet Mufcovado, which cures fafter here in ten Days than at Baii.z.lees in li-xMonths ; wild Cin- namon, many Dnigs and Medicinal Herbs, as Guaiacum, China, Sarfaparilla, Caflia, Aloes, Benjamin, Contrayerva, Sumach, Tama- rinds, Venillo's, many forts of Milletoc, wholefome Gums, and Roots ; the Cochineal-Plant, prickled Pears, or Indian Figs, Spirit-Weed, the Baftard Cedar, Wliitewood-Trec, Soap-Tree, Call'avi-Roots, the Palm, Pine, and Manchinecl-Trces ; feveral forts of Dyers and Sweet Woods, Melons, Mangoes, Plane-Trees, Sow er-Sops : and here arc certain Fruit-Trees which, tho of the fame kind, ripen at dirtercnt Times. There's Tobacco here fo much eftcem'd, that the Merchants buy it fafter than the Planters can make it ; but that which grows on Salt-Petrc Ground il.ifhes as it fmokes, and is apt to rot in Tranfiiortation. The Potatoes which grow on the fame Groimd ripen two Months fooner thkn others; but muft be immediately fpcnr, be- caufe they foon rot. Here are alio good Ginger, Cotton, Prickle- Apples, Cuftard-Apples, and many others ; Plantanes, Anana's, Mam- mees, Sapata's, Sapotilla's, Avocata's, fenlitivc Plants, Oranges, Pomegranates, with the other Fruits, Roots, and Herbs common in EngLind. And befide Maiz, here are Pcafe and Beans, and one fort call'd the Horfe-eye Bean, becaufe it rcfembles the Eye of that Crea- ture. Salt-Petrc has been found in many Parts of the Illand; and there are three good Salt-Pans. Some talk ct Silver and Copper Mines. There are many good Horfes ; and there were Multitudes ot large Beeves, but now fo much diminilh'd that the Inhabitants are fupplied with Beef from other Colonies. The Sheep arc generally large and fat, but the Wool good for nothing. Hogs, Goats, Alles, and Mules, abound here. The Bays and Rivers have all forts of good Ewcpf.vi and Americ.in Filli, particularly Tortoifcs, reckon'd the beft in Amai.a ; fo that Vcflels come annually for 'cm from the Cariblee Illands. The Ponds and Rivers arc infefted with Aligators; and here are great Numbers of Manchinella's, fliap'd like Craw-Fifli. Tame and Wild Fowl, and particularly Parrots, abound more here I han in many of the other Illands. Infects arc the Fire-Flies, Wood- Lice, Cyrons or Chegos, that chieHy annoy the Negroes, get into their Feet and Legs, where they breed in Ba!.;s, and it not cut out by Chirurgeons, eat oft their Toes, and fometimes over-run the whole Body. Hercarcalfo Adders and Guana's, but neither of them venomous ; and Gnats and flinging Flies, but chieily in the Negroes Quarters. The Inhabitants .ire Mafters, Servants, and Slaves. The Mafters of Families, or Planters, live here in as much Pomp and Eafe as in moft Parts of the World. Many of them have their Coaches and Li- very-Servants ; and 'tis obferved that for Magnihcencc and Luxury they always exceeded our other Colonies. The Adminiftration is in a Governor appointed by tlic Crown, and a Council, with the ufual Officers. The Law s arc made by an Aflembly, with the Governor's Confcnt. It confifts of a Prefident, and thirty one Reprefcntatives fcnt from the Pariflics. The People were formerly reckon'd <^ooto Britijh, and looooo Negroes, but they have been much diminilh'd by War, Earthquakes, and Difeafes. They have 7000 Militia Foot, and feveral Troops of Horfc ; and the Englijh able to bear .^rms are rec- kon'd about I jogo. Moll of the Engliji arc of the Ciiurch oiEni^lan.i. 1 heir rfMMMItaailMi i" m I ■*( iiotnPr ^■j the 1Sri'<(4* i'oH^ \ \ I NS \\ \ I* OK riiK K N C 1.1 S H KMprl "^$7ig^ *S? ^jj/Li/itj g(jjdgt. town fltts ^^ Latiludc.ij jr.j.M.i"'/''-"' ■•"' ftll Ji! injfi.im M '.lurJa r.-rf II"- "X '■^i-^ Il.jruMZ ^'•^Z v»''' p.-* ,1,.' Z/^.- 'V-o^/ I JlrvtAir J^fl^nihirt ^^ Tn/'r Urttfy3 J-atiluit rj^ Z5' ^ (njiUh . HUd^ \ '^ili'^n a VI. tor A./,./„.„S .> A/ K X 7 r C r^rft.^ #^-., lUvaitA •:« , <.'c/»/<..»«^ ||»fcii.oi Bay «)>• ^^^^■,:u,..-ir I j;iJ>l t ^.../i-,^ Hon Din A* TrtE *l.r,-^„„ SolUTH SfuL fJi HlMlll«^'<^>^ ,S' ( T i<^i iTIav r^ 'w *>*••"' \ \3<^,^'~^ <~/''y '*■?'* »L*y Jt/.,.4.K.- .'tilK'.B.lU I I -uy <-A/ ^,,^ iy i'lJ 4cJ .,'<• << *.«■ // * 'A ia\ P K i^ TiiK OCK.AN r, y AMK KI C Aon ^fl^rtnmifAt I SlJl') N • •Mr' I A (icncrall C n A H T of the I N U I H S y-'""-'aW- udc .»i . Laliliiite .ir.?(7. ^ ^ g ~ * .-h'l if .?<■ Z.5 4 s-n , * i0i^<"'JLi >r / ^" ^ z' I '^ fit 1 r ♦♦.♦I • •}*•*- vc»i y; f, .»„ oJt tlic XAajid of J A M A^I C A^ Afcj^ hunily/u I/ucrib'd tc thcRujht Hen f'''" TJwfthij EarlcfStamfcnr.hic. I4ff 14 J hto ■'i'ir£'£a,^ j /fV t«'^- J!n,j/i/fi . ♦,//j- IC .11 . i? >'^'^^4^?:^ / LaUliide -v^.^o. Ho J5^ AS of the IHajid of J A. M A^ I C A^ Mcjt /luml-'/i/ Injcrih'd h thcRujht Hen {""<■ Thamaj Enrlcrf^tamfct'i/.Kc. Xna/yh ^lilt^ '^ %P Y2o r 4 > ^ <>.(>>.iMj -"ih-i .^H/^ ^^ Oirlile ^1' ^•''»«^^ '"tf L'^i/'"' / V v^^i "^T^ajj^^^ — ^^"'^^^' Y j[^ t^^k •BITS'' *"' 3S }o jf Jf yw as 5t' f5 , ys ^5 i . , ' I- T'^ h 1 '1 '•■'■ '1 ^ ^1 's fl --gss" The Britilli Empire in- thofe Tarts. Ifo Their Trade formerly tr» tlie SpaiiiP> IVeJlMiei, confiftcd clricfly in Negroes, Stufl^, and other Eh^^lij/j Maaui'aAutcs, and they liad a very Mneficial Commerce rrt Ca>iifeachy\\/ood, trom the Day of tliat Name, but were always forc'd to have an armed Guard. The late Wars have madqa great Alteration inthcirCommerce, which was ve- ry beneficial to £hj/o'«/i becaiifc it brought us Bullion. Their Pro- du£t is generally the beft of its kind in any of our Plaiitations, and they take off a great many.of our Commodities. "J'is reckon'd that two or three hundred Sail of Aout Ships are conflantly employed in this Trade, and that before the War their Number was greater. The Country is divided into (ixtecn Parinics, and is reckonM to contain about five Millions of Acres, of which but one half are planted. They have fparc Ground enougit to raifu Provitions for themfclves, if they did not think it better to cultivate their other Commodities for European Markets. There arc many Ridees of Hills, but the chief runs thro the Ifland from Eafl to Wed, and from it flow abundance of Rivers into the Sea on both fides, which frudify the Country, and advance their I'rade. I'hc chief Pariihus orPrccinds are, (i.) St. EliMieth, in the Weft Part of the Ifland. It abounds with Plantations, and had fcveral Spamjh Towns, now dcmoiifli'J. North of Point Negril there is a large Bay, v ith a good f.tfc Har- bour, convenient in time of War with Spttin for our Fleets to wait for theirs, as they come to or from the Havana. This PariJOi fends two Reprefcntativcs to the AlTembly. (i ) St. Jams'a Pari(h, to- ward the Norch-Wef^ End of the Illand. It liad feveral Spaa/fi TVjwns, now dcmolifh'd, is thinly inhabited, and fends two Members to the Affembly. (}.) St. /fwi^'s Parifli lies Eail fromSt.7'w«i'i's on the fame Coafl, is mountainous, and thinly inliabitcd, and fends two Members to the Afl'cmbly. ("4.) St. Man's Pariih lies Eaft from that, and fends alfo two Members to the Allcmbly. (j.) St.Getr^e's Pa- rifh lies Eafl from thence, and does the like. It is mountainous, and of little Note. (6.) St. 'tinmai's Parifh, in the North-eafl Corner, is alfo mounta'noHS, fends two Members to the Allembly, and has on the Eafl-lide a Harbour call'd Port St. Gmgt, formerly St. Antonio, which is one of the beft in the Kland. (7.) St. Davids Parifh is feparated from that of St. 'Thomas Ijv the Blue Mountains, is well planted with Tobacco, has plenty of Cartel, Wood, and Water, a little Town at the Mouth of the River Morant, a Fort, and a Salt-Worl<. It alfo fends two Members to the Alltmbly. (8.) St. Andreius Parifli lies Wefl from that en the South-fide of the Illand, noted for litrlc but a Parifh-Church, and fending two Reprefcntativcs to the Allcmbly. (9.) Port Royal Pariih, on the Eaft-flde of the Ifland, is the chief in the Country, and contains Port Royal the Capital, which lies in Lat. 17. 54. Long. 76. 4. and before it was deftroyed by an Earthquake in 1693, and by a Fire in 1705, was one of the mofl beautiful and wealthy Towns of Amrhn, well fortitied, and the Buildings ftatcly. Tlierc was fuch a Refort of Mercliants and others hither for Traffick, that it always look'd like a Fair ; and fent three Members to the Af- fembly. But the Market and Trade is now remov'd to Kiufjlon, on the other fide the Bay, u here the Quarter-SefTions, other Courts of Jufticc, and the Offices cf the Secretary, Receiver-General, and Na- val .\tiairs, are now kept. It fends three Reprefentatives to the Af- fembly.andccTJtainsfcven or eight hundred.Houfes. (10.) St.Catherine's parifh lies Wefl from Port Royal. It contains a little Town call'd Paffage- Fort, of two hundred Houles, about five Miles North-wefl from Port Royal, and has a Fort which commands the River. This Precinft fendsthree Reprefcntativcs to the Allembly. (11.) Spanlfi-Towii, nine Miles North-weft from Port Royal, was the Capital of the Country when poUcfs'd by the Spaniards, call'd St. Ja^o dt la Vna, and gave Ti- tle of Duke to the famous Columbus. "I'is ftill the Metropolis of the IHand, the Seat of the Governor and chief Courts of JulUce lies Very pleafantly on a fine large Stream that runs by it, and contains about five or fix hundred Houfes. The Inhabitants live in Pomp and Luxury, and take their Pleafure in a neighbouring Savannah in the Even- ings. It fends three Rcprefentatives to the Affembly, and is defended by a fmall Fort. (12.) St. John's Pariih lies North from Spauijb-lovin, is one of the moft fruitful, (ileafant, and populous Places in the Ifland, and fends two Reprefcntativcs to the Afl'cmbly. fij.) St. DoTiothy's Pariih lies Sr nth fi^om St. John's, and Weft from Si Cmherint's. Here lies that call'd the Old Hariour, vhich is a good Road, and may equally ferve Sfanljh-Tvwn and Port Royal, being capable of four or five hun- dred large Ships. It fends two Mcml ers to the Affembly. (14.) Vere Pariih lies Weft from St. Dorothy's on .s Coaft, has a fmall Village Mm'd Carli/U, with a fate flay, and fends two Reprefentaiives to the Affembly. . IV. Anguillti, Lat. 19. Long. 59. 'Tisthe moft Northerly oftheCi- riiite Iflands poflcfs'd by the Emliji. 's level and woody, yet fruitfal, yields pretty good Tobacco, and abounds with tame Cattel. Thejn- habitants arc reckon'd poor and lazy, live without Religion or Go- vernment, care for nothing but Food and Raiment, and take their Wives without Marriage. In 1666, the FfwcA attac'K'd this Ifland, when the Inhabitants fet fire to their Houfes, and retir'd to the Woods ; and in 1(589, the F/cwA landed fome Wild /iv/l here, who treated the £iiglijb very barbaroully. 24s fomc Tobacco. The Heats arc more cxccdive t*an in B,vl.i,hes, and the Soil more fandy. The Approach is difficult, becaufe of Rocks. Its want of Frelh-water Springs is fupply'd by Rain-water, wliich they prcferve inCifterns. Here are wild Cinnamon-Trees, Ginger, and Indico. Colonel Codriugton did very much improve this Illand j but it fufter'd much by a terrible Hurricane in 1707, and likewife by the French in the late Wars. ' Pis divided into five Parilhes, of whicli St.yohn's, Falmouth and Brirhe-Tuvin arc the chief, and have little 'J'owns of the fame Name. It has alfo feveral good Ports : That of Falmouth is defended by a Fort ; and Nonfuih Harbour is a Ibacious Bay. St. John's Town, the Capital, has about a hundred Hou'es ; and Falmouth is as big. The Number of Whites is computed at 8c )o, and the Blacks about 18000. The moft common Fifh here, arc Sea- Breams, Sharks, Uucanes, a ravenous Fifh whofc Bite proves mortal, without immediate Application of an Antidote. There's another of the fame Name, that is monflions, but eatable. The gtliers are thofe call'd Sea-Parrots, Urchins, S'vord-FiOi, (7c. I'hc IllaiU abouads with Cattel, Vcnifon, and all forts of Fowl. VII. St, Chriftophti's lies about fixty Miles Nortli-weft of Antegs, Lat. 174. Long. 61. is about twenty five Miles long, and foven where broadeft; JUt much contra^cd towards the South-caft. It had the N.tmc iiOmChriflxplnr Columbus, the Difcovcrer. Their chief Com- modity is Tobacco ; but the Soil is proper for Fruits of all forts, S;i- gar. Cotton, Ginger, (7c. 'Tis well lupply'd witjj Springs, and li.is feveral hot ones, proper for Baths. Here arc alfo Salt-Pits. 1 iw Valleys and Sides of the Hills are fruitful, but the Mountains of a fulpiiurous Compofition, aud for the moft part over-grown witli Pal- mettoes, Cotton-Trees, Lignum-Vitsr, and others ui^nown to us ; nor had it any European forts till tranfplantcd thither. The Air is ex- ceeding hot; but fb tcmper'd with Breezes, that 'tis healthful and pleafant enough, when one is us'd to it. The Days and Nights are al- moft conftantly equal, and the Scafon looks for the moft part like Summer ; but fometimcsthey have great Winds, Hurrieancs, and Rain. From May to September they have (tore of j^ood Tortoifcs, Guano's, and Land- Crabs ; and large excclknt Prahnis, but they muft be immediately drtfi'd. Otiicr fl>rts of Fifh abound nerc. Maiz, Pinc-Applcs, Plantaues, Ap- ples, prickled Pears, and Peafe, arc here in plenty. And they have two forts of Pepper, one reckon'd better than that of the Eafl la.lies ; two forts of Cotton, one of u hich is as good for Beds as Down. Here's alfo Indico, wild Sugar-Cancs, Maftick, Manchinel, and Locuft-'I'rccs ; Gourds, Musk-Melons, Water-Mclons, Lettuce, Parllcy, and Purllane ; Obazberriesofthe fize of a Mufquct-Bullet, that wafli as well as Soap, abundance of good Figs, and fcveral other Fruits ; a fort of Nuts like our Filberts, which grow clofe to the Ground; large Muftard-Trecs, which bear no Seed, but their Leaves make good Muflard. Here's plenty of Cabbages, Cafliivy, Potatoes, and Radiflies. Their chief Birds are Flamengo-Pigeons, Turrle-Dovcs, Parrots, wild Hawks, and abundance of Sea-F'owl unknown to us. Their Land-Fowl are Oronoko Eagles with black Spots, and the Ends of the Wings and Tail yellow, Pmtadoes, and Humming-Birds. There's one of an amphibious Nature, nam'd a Crane-Fowl, as big as a large Duck, is hideous to look at, has a Bag under its Neck that will hold two Gallons of Water, and lives chieHy on Fifh. Here's an Animal call'd a Rocket, which ius four Feet. I'he Skin is like a wither'd Leaf, with yellow or blue Spots. It leaps up and down perpetually, and loves to look upon Men- The Inhabitants have certain Prog- nofticks of the Approach of Huriics!)es. I'hcy fuffer'd much by the French, during the late Wars, who inhabited a great part of the If- land; but it was given to the Engliib entirely by the Treaty of Utrecht- VIU. Nevis, or Mevis, lies South-caft of &. Chrifiophsr's, is about fix Leagues round, and maintains about 4000 Men in the Sugar Trade ; but they fuffer'd much by a great Mortality in 1689, as it did in i6tf7 by a terrible Earthquake, and during the late Wars with the French- They fuffer'd much likewife by a Hurricane in 1707. The ProduS is much the fame with that of Antefo. There's but one high Mountain, and that is in the middle of the Illand, cover'd on the top with great Trees. The Plantations rife from the Sea, and afcend gradually, near the top of the Mountain, from which come feveral ^rings of frefh Water. There arc hot Baths here, as fuccefsful as thofe of Somerfetfiire or Bourhn. The Valleys are fruitful, but the riling Ground ftony. iThey have violent Rains, Tornadoes, and Hurricanes, generally once a Year. The firft Ettglijh here, were about a hundred old Pl7.nters who came from St. Chrifi^her's, who were forc'd to cut tlicir Way thro the Woods, and were fo Icalded with the Dew or Run that fell from the Trees, that they were almoft mad with the Fain, till they bath'd in a neighbouring Pool. Such great Qiiantitics of Sttgar have been made here, as have laden fifry or flxty Ships in » Year to Eurtpe. Here are feveral forts of Lizards, and a ftrange Crea- ture call'd a Land- Pike, becaufe 'tis like that F.ilh; but inftead of Fins, has four Feet, foweak, that it only crawls, and winds its Body like a Pike newly takci out of Water. Tis about fixteen Inches long, and has a Silver-grey Skin, cover'd with little Scales. The Ynnng- one5 have been taken* for Salamanders. They make a Noifo in the ■i^ i .^(^ i Wv' M a> are, (i-) St. Elit,aitth, in ttx: WcA P;;;c of clic IibnH. Ic abounds with Planutions, and t m, tcv a »l Span p. Tov.n, now dcmolifli'tl> North of Point ATijjr// tliffc is a lir;{r. [ ;, with a goo»J fafc Har- bour, convenient in time of War v cifaiit for ouk- Fleets to waii for theirs, as they come f. or fiC/ . .,> Huv^a. This pisrifh fends two Rcprcfentatives to the 4flrmi''y. (j.) St. Jatm'z Parirh, to- ward the North- Weft End o't the'i'Hand. It had feveral Sfanijh Toy, ns, now dcmoli(h'J, is tlu\i!y inhabited, and fends two Members to the Aflcmbly. (i.) St. y^/iw'sFarini iiesEalt from St. 7'*''"'' 's on the fame Coaft, is mountainous, and thinly iniiabited, and fends two Members to the Afl'cmbly. (4.) St. Afiir/'s Pariih lies Eafl from that, and fends alfo two Members to the Allcmbly. (^y) St. Gtt)gi'% Pa- rifh lies Eaft from thence, and does the like. It is mountainous, and of little Note. (6.) St. 'tliomn's Parifli, in the North-eaft Corner, isalfomounta'nous, fends two Members to the Ailembly, and has on the Ead-tidc a Harbour call'd Port St. Gio>it, formerly St. Antonh, which is one of the bed in the Ifland. (7O St. Duviifs Parifh is fcparatcd from that of St. Tijomai by the Blue Mountains, is well planted with Tobacco, has plenty of Catcel, Wood, and Water, a little Town at the Mouth of the River Morant, a Fort, and a Salt-Woiit. It alfo fends two Members to the Afl'tmbly. (8.) St.Andrtvi^ Parifli lies Weft from that on the South-fide of the Illand, noted for little but a FariHi-Church, and fending two Rcprcfentatives to the Allcmbly. (9.) Pvri Royal Puith, on tne Eaft-fide of theldand, is the chief in the Country, and contains Pv>t Royal the Capital, which lies in Lat. 17. 54. Lone. 7^. 4. and before it was deflroyed by an Eartliquake in i6p], and by a Fire in 1703, was one of the moft beautiful and wealthy Towns of AmtrUn, well fortiried, and the Buildings ftately. Tlicrc was fuc h a Refort of Merchants and others hither for Traifick, that it alwa} s look'd like a Fair ; and font three Members to the Af- fcmbly. But the Market and Trade is now remov'd to Kinj^fton, on the other (idc the Bay, u here the Quarter-Seflions, other Courts of juftitc, and the Offices cf the Secretary, Receiver-General, and Na- *mI Attairs, arc now kept. It fends three Reprefentativcs to the Af- fcmbly, and cnitains fcven or eight hundrtd.Houfes. (10.) St.Catherint's Parifli lies Weft from Pun Rnyal. It contains a little Town call'd /'rtj(/4jf- Fort, of two hundred Houies, about five Miles North-weft from Port Royal, and has a Fort which commands the River. This Prccin6t fends three Rcprcfentatives to the Ailembly. ("•) Spaiii/b-Tovi>i, nine Wiles North-weft from Port Royal, was the Capital of the Country when pollcfs'd by the Spaniard^ call'd St. Jago de la Vtra, and gave 'l"i- tlc of Duke to the famous Columim. 'I'is ftill the Metropolis cf the Illand, the Scat of tho Governor and chief Courts of jullice lies very pleafantly on a fine large Stream that runs by 11, and contains •bout five or lix hundred Houies. i"he Inhabitants live in Pomp and Luxury, and take their Plcafiire in a neighbouring Sava/f n the Even- ings. It tends three Reprefentativcs to the Ailembly, ;.iu is defended by a fmall Fort. ( 1 1.) St. J^hns Parifli lies North froir Spanifi-Tuvin, is one of the moft fruitful, pkafant, and populous Pl^.es in the Illand, and fends two Rcprcfentatives to the Afl'embly. fij.) St. Dorothys Parifli lies South from St. John's, and Weft from Si. Catherine's. Here lies that call'd the Old Harbour, which is a good Roa i, and may equally fer\'e Spanijh-TiAiin and Port Royal, being capable of four or five hun- dred large Ships. It fends two Members to the Aflembly. (i^.)Vere Parifli lies Weft from St. D^rtthy's on the Coaft, has a fmall Village nam'd CW/yfc, withafafc Bay, and fends two Rcprcfentatives to tiic Allcmbly. IV. Ansman, Lar. 19. Long. 59. 'Tis the moft Northerly of the Cd- rillee Iflands pollcfs'd by the Emlijh, is level and woody, yet fruitful, irictds pretty good Tob.uco, and abounds with tame Cattel. The In- labitants are reckon'd poor and lazy, live without Religion or Go- vernment, care for nothing but Food and Raiment, and take their Wives without Marriage. In 1666, the French attack 'd this Ifland, w hen the Inhabitants fet fire to their Houfes, and retir'd to the Woods; and in 1(589, the flfwA landed fomc Wild /-//i here, who treated the Eiiglifi very barbaroully. V. BarMa, Lat. 18. Long, y 9. about ninety Miles South-eaft from Angnilla. "lis thirty Miles long, and fifteen broad, produces good Indico and Tobacco, Citrons, Pomegranates, Oranges, Raifins, In- dian Figs, Cocoa-Nuts, whofe Shells fupply the Inhabitants with Cups, (in- and has about 1100 People, who make good Profit of their Cattel in the other Ifland";. They have fcvcral rare Kinds of Wood, Herbs, and Drugs, witJi Brafil, Ebony, Caflia, Cinnamon, Pine-Ap- tlcs, Cotton, Pepper, Ginger, Potatoes, and the Senlitive Plant, lerc arc Serpents of fevcral forts : fome very large, which deftroy Rats, and are not poifonous : others arc fo poifonous, that if an Antidote be not apply'd in two Hours, the Wound is incurable. The Proprietor is Mr. Codrinstou. VI. Aiitego lies twelve Miles South-weft of Barbuda. Tis feven- teen Miles long, and twelve broad. King Charles the Second granted it by Patent to Lord Fraticis IVilloughby in 1661 ; but 'cis now reverted to the Crown. It produces good Mufcovado Sugofj and HHMRi «M mm VII. St.Chri/}op/jt,'> lies about fixty Miles North-weft of .'inters, Lat. 17 V Long. 61. is about twenty five Miles long, and feven where broadeft; but much contra^ed towards the South-caft. h had the Name (rota Chripp/ur Columbus, the Difcovcrcr. Their chief C.^m- moditjr is Tobacco; but the Soil is proper for Fruits ot ail forts, S,i« !|ar. Cotton, Ginger, &c. 'Tis well Uipply'd with Springs, and h.ij everal hot ones, proper for Baths. Here arc alfo Salt-Pits. 1 ho Valleys and Sides of the Hills are fruitful, but the Mountains of a fulpliurous Compofition, and for the moft part over-grown witii Pal • mettocs, Cotton-Trees, Lignum-Vitx, and others unknown to i\s j nor had it any European forts till tranfplanted thither. The Air is ex- ceeding hot; but fo temper'd with Breezes, that 'tis healtliful and pleafant enough, when one is us'd to it. The Days and Nights are al- moft conftantly equal, and the Sc.ifon looks for the moft part like Summer ; but fomet imcs they h.ivc great Winds, Hurrieancs, an J Rain. From Mai to September they ha\c ftorc of ,'^ood Tortoifcs, Guano's, and Land- Crabs ; and large e.-aellint Pralims, but they muft be immediately drels'd. Other (orts of Fifli abound here. Maiz, Pine-AppIcs, Plantanes, Ap- ples, prickled Pears, ,ind Peafe, arc here in plenty. And they have two forts 0. Pepper, one reckon'd better than that of the Eaft ladies ; two (orts jf Cotton, one of w hich is as good for Beds as Down. Here's alfo Inditi, wild Sugar-Canes, Maftick, M.-.nchinel, and Locuft-Trccsi Courts Musk-Melons, Water-Melons, Lettuce, Parllcy, and Purnane; Obazbc.ricsof the (ize of a Mufquct-Bullet, that walh as well as Soap, abundance of good Figs, and feveral other Fruits ; a fort of Nuts like our Filberts, which grow clofe to the Ground ; large Muftard-Trecs, which bear no Seed, but their Leaves make gocd Muftard. Here's plenty of Cabbaj. es, Cafliivy, Potatoes, and Radiflics. Their chief fli ds are Flameneo-Pigeons, Turtlc-Dovct, Parrots, wild Hawks, and abundance of Sea-Fowl unknown to us. Their Land'Fowl are Orouoko Eagles with black Spots, and the Ends of the Wings and Tail yellow, Pintadoes, and Humming-Birds. There's one of an amphibious Nature, nam'd a Crane-Fowl, as big as a large Duck, is hideous to look at, has a Bag under its Neck that w ill hold two Gallons of Water, and lives chiefiy on Fifti. Here's an Animal call'd a Rocket, which lus four Feei. The Skin is like a wither'd Leaf, with yellow or blue Spots. It leaps up r.A J.-^vn pc, aiiu Mv: petually, and loves to look upon Men. The Inhabitants have certain Prog- iofticksof the Approach of Hurricanes. They fufter'd much by the Fench, during the late Wars, who inhabited a great part of the If- land; but it was given to the English entirely by the Treaty cf Utrecht. VIII. Nevis, or Mevis, lies Soutb-caft of St. Chriflopher's, is about fix Leagues round, and maintains about 4000 Men in the Sugar Trade ; but they fiitfer'd much by a great Mortality in 1689, as it did in i66i by a terrible Earthquake, and during the late Wars with the French. They fufter'd much likewife by a Hurricane in 1707. The Produd is much the fame with that of Antegp. There's but one high Mountain, and that is in the middle of the Illand, cover'd on the top with great Trees. The Plantations rife from the Sea, and afcend gradually, near the top of the Mountain, from which come feveral Springs of frefli Water. There arc hot Baths here, as fuccefsful as thofe of Somtrfeijhire or Bourbon. The Valleys arc fruitful, but the rifing Ground flony. iThey have violent Rains, Tornadoes, and Hurricanes, generally once a Year. The firft Eti^Jh here, were about a hundred old Planters who came from St. Chriflopher's, who were forc'd to cut their Way thro the Woods, and were fo fcalded with the Dew or Rain that fell from the Trees, that they were almoft mad with the Pain, till they bath'd in a neighbouring Pool. Such great Qiiantitics of Sugar have been made here, as have laden fifty or lixty Ships in » Year to Europe. Here are feveral forts of Lizards, and a ftrangc Crea- ture call'd a Land-Pike, becaufe 'tis like that Fifli ; but indead of Fins, has four Feet, foweak, that it only crawls, and winds its Body like a Pike newly taken out of Water. ' I'is about fixtecn Indies long, and has a Silver-grey Skin, cover'd with little Scales. The Voiing- ones have been takem for Salamanders. They make a Noifc in the. Night under the Rocks, worfc than Toads or Frogs, and change their Notes according to the Variety of the Holes where they lark. They are fcldom fcen out a little before Night ; and thofe that meet them by Day, are apt to be frighten'd at their Motion. Here's a pretty little Bird with four Legs, call'd a Fly-Catcher. They are of various and charming Colours. They come boldly into Rooms, and dear them in a trice from Flies and all Vermin. They alfo lie down on Planks, waiting for the Flies, put their Heads into as many Poftures as they fee the Flics fliift Places, Hand on their Forefeet with their Mouths half open, and when they fee an Advantage, leap direftly on their Prev, and fcldom mifs it. They are fo tame, that they will come upon t! fable where People arc eating, and catch the Flies that crawl up- on it, or upon tlic People's Hands and Cloties. They are very neat and cleanly, lay Eggs as fmall as Peafe, which they cover witii Earth, and leave to be hatch'd with the Sun; and like aCamelion, they al- fume the Colour of thofe Things on which they ftand or lie. Here are many curious Infers ; but we cannot iniilt on them. Dddd IX. M,t!^ NORTH AMERICA: IX. Momr,yYM\% about tliirty Miles S.nith-caft from Al-j/-, tlircc Lcapiics IciiR, ;.iul almofl as btoad. The >.i;.v.e a lovely Prof(^cift ; and the Vallt\s are tVuittuI, and better f.ir- rill'.'d w ith tredi Water than thofe of A,:t.y. The chief Produd is In- dico, of V hicii tliey us'd to iNport great Qjiantities to Engl.wJ. I he Sugar was not fo eoarfc as that o( .-Jmef^o, nor Co line as that ot Dm- l.i.lrf. About eighty Years ago the Inhabitants built a very fair Church, aiul lin'd it v ith Cedar. Thev were then three or tour :hou- fand Eiit^lijb, .SVift, and Irijh ; (incc which time the Number has cn- crcas'd, ' and another good Church lias been built. In the Reigns of Kin^CI'arles II. and King J.imetU. the I,ih Papifts traded, and ^-ot gie.it libtes here. In i6(\ the FcKch, under Monfieur D. Li Rinf, took this llland by the 'I'reachery of the Sa^•ages, and made the Injb (u-ivenior, whovas the firftMa'n that fiibmitted, with his Family, and above ;o3£)/j///lPrifoncrs of War, tool; lixteenCanncn, a great Kiiir.ber of Ncgrccs and Cattci, and deliroy'd above forty Stigar- Houfcs, and ftveral Ware-Houfes full of rich Merchandife. Mon- fieur De la 5.1) u- left five hundred lijhmen here, who took the Oaths to the Conqueror, and w ith their Families made up above two thou- fand SouK. 'I'his llland was afterwards rclUir'd to tl;e Eugl^h ; and by thelVeaty of LVir.Af, the £»5/;;* were to be compcnfated tor '.iic Damages done them here by the Fiemh in tiie late War. X. B.i-.Ia U'. This is reckon'd the chicfof the CtrnlUt Iflands. It lies in Lat. i;. Lcng. iS. is about twenty Miles from North to South, and altioR fourteen in the middle, where broadcft ; bur 'tis very much rontrsi'ted towards the No-th-ond. The /'iif«.?'., Dominico, ami there/} of his Abjejiy's I/l/inds, Colonies and 1-1,1'n.iti'iti ■,! America, luuinii lj\ the N.ime . Here's variety of Trees, Plants, Fruits, and Herbs, which we have not n>om to mention ; but the Orange, Lemon, and Citron-'I'rees, are moft noted, and as plenty here as Lime and KIm-Trces with u.s. Here's Ginper, two forts of red Pepper, and plentv of all forts of excellent Pul'e: but Apples, Pears, Cherric^, Goof'ebcrries, Currants, and others .^f our Shrub-Fruits, don't thrive here. The Planters never fow any Engl'lh Wheat i and tlie Pobr plant moft of their Ground with /)f(/;(iM or C,(//(M Corn, which thev fell to the Richer from half a Crown to ten Shillings a Bufliel ; the i)carnel<8 oi which forc'd them to fend for it to the Northern Cxilonies. Thofi: Pans of the llland call'd the Champion and the JhnLcti, are entirely planted with Corn ; but many thoufand Acres lie unculti\ ate for w ant of Hands. This llland is faid to produce above two hundred Shiploads of Sugar, Indico, Cotton, and Ginger, in one Year. The Heats here would be intolerable for eight Kfontlu, were it not for freOi Brec/es from the Fall, or North-caJl, which rife and fall w ith the Sun : yet 'tis [^^ moid here, that Iron w ill foon ruft v ith- out couftant ufe. The Sun rifcs and fcts at Sis a-clock all the Year round, except in 0.7: /f., when there's a little Variation ; ana 'tis dark three quarters of an Hour after Sun-fet. Their Land and Sea Animals arc common to thefc Parts; fo that we Oi.ill not inlift on them, but proceed to give a brief Account of its Jnhabiunts, Government, Trade, and Revenues. This^Vas the foonelf peopled k^i all our Colonics, bccaufe of the Wealth aojuir'd by the firil Planters ; and more Inhabitants ot this llland have been Knighted by our Kings, than of all our other Amen' tan Plantations. In twenty Years after rhc firft Settleir.cnt, the Militu here was more numerous than that oii'ogmia is now , tho the Place is not a fiftieth part to big. There w as then mufier'd 1 1000 Horfe and Foot, as brave Men as any in the World ; and the Number fo increa- fcd, that in 1^76, when the llland was in its beft Lftate, there were -70000 r.v) fpeai:^ by Birth and Defcenr, and 80000 Negroes ; fo that liic llland was then reckon'd far more populous than ''.Ngl.uni, in proix)rtion. But in iC<9i, the Mand was fo dcpo|Hilatcd i>. .1 fatal Sickncfs, that it had not above 7000 lighting Men, and issoo Ei-ghjh, norabiive 73003 Negroes : but in 1 708, the Colony grew healthier, and dail) increale-d. Every Freeholder and White Servant, able to bear Arms, is lilled 111 the Militia, which confifls of ?^oo Fo«it, and 1:' > Horfe; b |ile« which, the Ciovcrnmcnt can foon arm 10003 llout Negroes. Thofe born here oiEitglijh Parents are nam'd CiKhani. The Mai.ers, Merchants, and Planters, live like petty Sovereigns, have variety of Dainties, keep their Coat lies, PIcafurc-Boats, (iri. and have mo>c Attendants than any of our Nobility in England, fimcof 'em having na lefs than feven or eight hundred Negroes apiece, who with their Polleriiy are perpetual Sla\ cv 'Fheir Drink is chielly Water and A/.j- di r.t Wine, Lemonade, and Punch. I'hey ha\ e all other forts of Wines, Malt Li(]uors, and C)der, from England. 'Fbe White Men-fervant."! are fold here for alxMit twenty Pounds apiece, but for much more if they are Mechanicks ; and lianiUbme Women for ten Pounds, 'I'hey arc not only better treated than the Blacks during their Service, but when their Time is out, arc their own Mafters; and if Briiijh Ser- vants, they have five Pounds ; if otljers, but forty Shillings. Female Sevants they have none, befidcs Natives of the Country, and rhofc tliat are hir'd for Houfliold Service. There's great Care taken of the Negroes, tho they arc iK-rpetual Slaves, bccaufe if one dies, the Owner lofes forty or fifty Pounds ; whereas by the Death of a Wtuto Man he only lofes two or three Years Wages to anotlier. A Slave that is a good Mechanick is worth a hundred and fifty or two hundred Pounds ; and four hundred Pounds has been bid for a Boiler of Sugar. The Slaves are purc.'iafed by Lots out of the Giiinr.i Ships, arc all view'd ftark naked, and are allow'd two or three Wiv^s, that they may intrtsfe the Planter's Stock. The Women are very conllint to him that pafles for their Husband ; and both Sexes, tho grofs Idola- ters, reckon Adultery the w orft of Crimes. Their chief Fare is boil- ed or roafted Plantanes, and tw ice or thrice a Week they arc allow'd fait Filh, Mackarcl, or fait Pork. Every Family of Negroes has a Cabbin built with Sticks, &c. round the Planter's Houfc, with a Garden, where they plant Potatoes, Yams, Callavy-Roots, &c. and they have a fort of lood call'd Loblolly, made of Maiz. Both tho White and Negroe Servants make CafTavy and Potatoc Bread ; but the Mafters eat white Bread of Englijb Flower. The Servants drink a Water brew'd of Potatoes and Sugar, or Molodes, Water and Ginger, and another of Callavy-Root, w Inch the old Women ehew, and fpit into Water. The Negroes, when at Work, fiipport tliemfclvcs with Rum and a Pipe of Tobacco. They arc rung up at Six every Morning, and fent out to the Fields, return from W'ork at Eleven,' and after Dinner are rung at One, and work till Six. Both Sexes wear A/a«- mouth Caps. On Sundays they generally di\ ert themfelvcs with Dan- cing and barbap.v.is Mulicl. ; yet (binc_work tliatPivfjr themf The Britilh Empire in thofe Parts. rriiit every four or fivf lumtlrcd Acres once a War wiili tvctity or thirty Negroes. Every Iiit'.int-NtL'ro is s^mim-iily \ ..!uiil at li\ I'oiiiiils. Every Plantation has atliicl'Ovcrfccr, wfth a himiirtii cr a lii.iulicil and fifty Pounds a Year for Maintenance. 'I'iic Coiintry bcinj; iu)t lit for Hunting and Haw liing, tiiey arc oWig'd to futii feJcncary Divtiiiims at home as Cards, Dice, Tables, cTi. Thofe that diiiili abundance of iWirftrrt Wine here, hnd Sweating tlieir bed Relief. Tliat Wine, contrary to its Nature elfewliere, will not keep in a ecol Cellar herc< The Revenues arc rais'd by Imports upon Goods fent out, and brought in, and amount to about i>j(or, /. pe, //-»»/■ of w liich tiic Crow n has looooA and the red is appropriated to the Defence of the Il]ai\d, as maintaining the Forts, Stores, Ol. All Church-Ajfairsare under the Direction of a Surrogate .ippointcd by the Bifllop of Lonhti, who is the Ordinary of all the Ei:glij'i Colo- nics in j4mc>iitt. 'ITicrc arc eleven PariJhcs here, whole Miiiiflcrs have a hundred and fifty or two hundred Pounds a Year ; and he of Bridnt-Tovin (ix or fe\cn hundred Founds Tiiere's a Ciuppel of Ljfc in St. Ptm's Parilh. Hitrl/aJoti trades vitii EiigliiuJ for moft of itsSubliftcncc and Ciotli- ing i with Ntw Euiland and Caioliiu for Provilioiis ; w ith A' :u Toik, and ynniiiiu lor Lread, Porit, Flow er, luM.tit Corn, and Tobacco ; w ith Cuim,t lorNeproes ; with ALi.lcra forWiue ; and with Ttrcera^ and Fxi/ibr WineandBrand) ; witii tiielllesof A///and O/x/^nu lorSalt ; andwith l,<.Li::d for Dccf and PorL Ikforc the laft War it loaded four hundred Sail of Ships a Vear for I'l't^LmJ, and two lumdrcil and fifty during tiie War, whitli is more than all the otr.er Sugar- lllands togctiicr. They export great Quantities of Ginger, Cotton-Shrubs, Li};num*Vitx, Succats, Citron-Water, MoioUcs, Rum, and Lime-Juicc, for £/;;;- httJ. The Cioocis w hicli they recci* e from Great Brit.iin or laLiiid arc Oicr.hr^i for the Servants and Slaves, Linen of all Ibrts for their Mailers and I'amilies, Broad C:ioth and Kerl'eys for the Planters and their O.erfceis Silks and Sturt's for the Ladies and Houfliold Servants, red Caps for tlie Slaves, Stockings and Shoes for both Matters and Ser- Ti/av?, about five Miles Had from the /J. /.(,'i-7ui:v,'. Tiie Bay is :lan 24.7 iiood. Sir lu'vi I Cwvili'i; v neii Covcrndr, bcg.m ,t Ciudd c.il.'d .Vf. ////w'sFcrt, .ilinut a Mill.' and a half South e.i ft fom tiieTown, which, if (inilli'd, would be the lirongeft in the Illaiui. 'l"o return t. riic Town : Here's a large Ciuircli with a fine Orj^.m, a good l^in;' of Hells, anil a curious Clock ; a line Council-Houfe, lar{>,e Taveiir, and a PoU-Houfe. On the Eaft-lide of the 'I'own tiiere's a Ma^.'./inc built with Stone, where the Powder and Stores for the Maud are kept under a ftrong Guard; and about a Mile from the 'I'own, towards the North-eafl, there's a ftately Houfc built for tlic Ciovernor. 3. 'I lie ff It; ory,imcs-Tu-Mi, in .\>.7''««'»'sPariJh, on thcCoaft, about fi\ Miles N. from ^,/',{^i'-7trtw, has a Irindrcd Houfi's. It is a pretty Town, w ith feveral Streets, and in St.Th mas\ Parilli, w liichiies a littlo N. from it, tiiere's a frood Port defended by a Forr w itii twenty ci^lit ( iuns, fe\ cral Ih caft-Works, and a Cattery ofeiglit Guns AtCh'nJj-Puhit. Here's a handfonieCliurcIi ; and the Monthly SclTloiis for St.J.tnn ■ ', Pre- iiinU is held in this 'I'own. From hence a Line and a Parapet are can ied on to Miu ii's L'ay, about (ix Milesalong the Well Court, m wliich Dif- tance there aie Hvc Forts, which together arc mounted with 48G.ins. 3. Spi'i!^ljr'>-7iKiii lies on the Weft Coaft, four Miles North from y.wii:i-]irj:ii, ;;nd c(iii(ifts of four Streets, and three iuiiidred Hoafcs. 'Tis much frei|u,n;ed by lliflal Merchants, and upon that account call'd Little Ihiji J. I'hc Planters in Stotluitii Prccind us'd to fliip oft' their Goods here fir I'lif^l.ni.t, w hich occalion'd the building of Store!ioufes, and made tiie i'own llourifli : Hut tiie Trade has been (inrc rcmov'd to linJgc-Tii-r,!. Mere's a handfome Churcli, which has a tine Cli.;ppcl of liafe at AUS.iihti, two Miles and half up the Country to tiic N i":!i- eaft. The Town is the Place of the Q::irterly Sedlons tor St.P.tc's Precini5t, and is ilefeiided b)' two Forts with tiiirty nine Guns, be- fides tiiat to tiie Soith, on W-.(//i;(/t''s I3ay, c-iie of wiiich ihinds in the middle of the Town, and is mounted with eleven G;'ns, and the other at the Korth-end w ith twenty eight. 4. Chrifi-CliHiJ), atO/?///nTowii and Bay, otherwife call'd C!.i,L->- vants, (ilovcsand Hats, MilTinary Ware and Perriwigs, Laces of all foits. Beef, Poik, and other Provilions, and Saws and other In- flrumcnts for the Sugar-Works and Agriculture; all forts of Brafs Ware, Lead Ware, Powder, and Shot. All forts of India CJoodsand Toys, Coals, Pantiles, Hearth-Stones, Hoops, and every Thing pro- per for an £),;(;//;'' Market, w ill fell here. The Voyage l.itlicr is gene- rally five or liv Weeks fom England, and lix or feven homewards; bat tlie Packets commonly nuke it in a Month. Places of Note are, I. DriJgc-l'u-um, the Capital, formerly call'd .^f. /V./M./'r, from its Church. It lies in the South-weft Ci.rner ot the Maud, onCarlijU Lay. It lias iioa handloiiie Stone-lloufes. The Streets are broad ; anil the Iloufes in CVr.i^y/./f here, almoft as liigh rented as thofe of I'lH.ufiJi' in /.oiuhii ; .ind tlie Storehoufes and Shops as well furnifli'd. 'i'he' Wharls and Kevs are very neat and convenient. The Bay is capa- ble of five hundreil Sliips ; and the Harbour fafe againrt all Winds but the South and Well, 'rhc Winds here generally blow Eart, wliii 1 is therci'ore called the Windward, and the Wert the Leeward. 1 he Harbour is •icfeiided by two Forts oppolite to one another, and a Plat- form betwixt theivi, which commands the Road, and defends the Town. The (Jo.ift of Oli/k Hay is fortified by three Batteries, and a Line whirl) runs South-call to Nicdh.im's Point, about a Mile and a half; and there's a Fort mounted w ith twenty Guns. From thence tiiere are Lines which run along the Coaft as far as Ch,i/}-Clm\h, vhicii is ftiiir Mi!-' ; and on theWert-fidc of Bridxe-Touii, and all aloi.g the Wert-fidc of the Illand, as far asM/crot's Bay, which is about thirteen Miles, there arc Lines and Forts which defend the Illand wheie 'tis acceilible ; and the other Parts arc fo fortified by Rocks, th.it 'tis the ftrongeft Illand belonging to England, and is a great Defence to our other Illaiids and Plantations in the Neighbour- ed by a good Frrt on the Sea-(ide, and another on the LanJ-liJc, which have a Comiiiiinication by a Platform. Tlie> are a ilroiv; I);;- f.iue to the Town, which liis one long Street, a Lane in t!r.- inio.i'';, and has a Monthly Scffions for the Precind, a good V.'tLkl; Market, and Storehoufes. XI. 7i//.i?o Illand, Lar. 11. Long. 58. is about twenty cig'ir >ri!es long, aud twelve where broadeft. It had its Name from t!ie Q_iaii- tities of Tobacco planted here. It has many high Wood; Moiinr.ins, from whence proceed about eighteen Streams, tiiat fill into tlic Se 1, feveral of which aboiiiul with Fifli. The Air is fo tempered by gwU- tle Breezes, that they have a perpetual Spring. Tlic vendible Co:n- modities are Sugar, 'I'obacco, Indico, Ginger, Balm, B.iH'am, SirUi- parilla, Silk-Grafs, Tar, (ji. The Soil bears no Ek^I.J) Graiii but Peafc and Beans; yet they have florc of Guiiwi Corn, Boncvis, the Kidney and Pigeon Pea- Here are f.-veral forts of Roots and PLmts, as Potatoes, Eddies, Yams, /r);;;/,y^ Roots, Tea, Cinnamon, Round and 7."''.(''i', but belongs now to the Englifi. 11. The French Dominions in AMERICA are, -r^l .4 NAD/', or Nno France. French Authors bnind it with 'terra di Ldorador, or AWo Britain, on the North, the Gulph of St. Lawrence, Nat; England, and Nrx Scotland on thcEaft, Florida and Nexu Spain on the South, and unknown Countries on the Weft. La Hentan extends it to <5j. But the Boundaries of it are controverted by the nd are therefore very uncertain : OoKtluma their Sloops. 3. Black and Silver-colour'd Foxes; the firft fo fcarcc' that they are very dear. 4. S.i.U<. This i<;rc.I>on'dtlicihiifoftlicr<-n7/7«Il1and«. It lies in Lar. r- Lcnc. ■;«. is about twenty Miles from North to South, and alniod fourteen in the mi.idle, wlKre'broadeft ; but 'tis very miirli contracted towards the North-end. 'I'lie /V/ /«.?/./, who dilcover'd it, c.imo about if!:4, .ind call'd it lli>h.L>(u beeaufe they not only found it a woody wilii Cnmtry, but bcliev'd it to be pofiefs'd by Larbari.iv. 'J'i'c irl\ /:-.',;'■ PL.ntcrs v ere Sir //','/;.;»/ 0/if«« and \U.yoh,i f;:t,/, who left hU Srn liere as Ciovernor. ll'ilJ,im I'.arl of l'mli« (,;o\ernor, the P.irlia- nunt fen: Sir (7. .y .4\f.t:-J), wlorcduc'd tiuni, .ind was j.iin'd by the mou liadinp; Sicn in the Illand ag-iinlt Lord /f^.iw/^Wi. Unt a Treaty was loon conrluoi on honourable .'Vrtiilcs for that Lord, V ho li;ui .m Indtmniry tV'' InsPcifon .ii-.d I.riarc, and return'd. The (nn ernn'ent w .'.s fettled .\bc\i this Time in a ( '':.lfe-Tiyti'ii, and (i:i/c tl:e Forts. l!ut they were all three tinu'ly dilVover'd ; The Confpirators were fccur'd, and tl'.c Chief of tlicm put to dvath. King Ch.vlc II. purchafed this Illand of tl;e Earl of r.iiA/A \ Heir for looo /. a \ car, and rcfior'd Lord If'^ilimi^hhy to th.e Governmtnt. Abo^t i''Ss, it became a Cuftom here to make Prckiits to the ( 'lovcrnnis, whi'-h added to their Salary and Per<]ui- fites, made the Place worth 40^0 or 5000/. a Year : Hut in 1703, a Stop was put to tl-.is by Oidtrs from E;;;/.;;;,/, ir the Eafc of the Country : and to compcnr.itc the G(\ ernor, his Salary was increafcd from i-.o-, /. 10 :ooj /. a Year ; and there are fome lawful Perquifites betides, w lich make his Cioveriiment worth near as much again ; and 500 /. a Year is paid b\ tl.e Pablick for his Houfe-Rcnt. His Title is, r.'f.M.').'-C<)..T,i/, aiHChif (Ifi-.cnmi.ftlk' lili.i.U nniarbadoes, St. Lucia, Sr. Vincent's, Dominico, an.l thcrej} ol hn M.t).j}\'s IILikHi, Colomei and . Fl.vn.iti'jin i.i .\merio:i, Lur.ai i\ the N.twe '/' the Cajibbee Iflands, />;«? nn.i L.tnT, to icimi-dwil of Guardaliuip. The neareft Part of the Conti- nent to this Illand is .S:r.r,i,im, which lies but a day and a half's Sail from it. 'liic Gr'-imd is in general a gradual Riling, with fome high Hills whicli are al^vays verdant. There are fevcral vaft Caves here, to w liirh the Negroes often lly from their Mafters, and hide tlicm- felves f^r Weeks t<.!;ether. 'I'he Churches here in general are hand- f. mcSrcnc liuiltlinps, and tlie Pews and Pulpits of Cedar. The pri- v.-itc Ruildings arc not very lofty, tho fl-.e Planters are rich ; for afcer the fTieat Storm, which threw down fo many in i6~6, many, for fear of .inother, h.wer'd their Houfcs. Yet there are fome three or fourStrrics high, with lofty Rooms; but the Walls arc too damp for Hangings. The Pl.Hiters Houfes are morefor Convenience thanSplen- lefs than ltf\en or eight hiiiulrcd Negrtxs apiece, who wi-'i their Pollerity are perpetual Sla\ vs. 'I'hcir Orink is chictiy Water and M.t- ilo.i Wine, Lemonade, and Panoh. They have all other forts of Wines, Malt Li<]uors, and Cyder, troni rn^l.iid. 'I'he White Men-fervants are fold here lor about twenty Pounds apiece, but tor much more if they are Mechanicks ; and hanilfome Women for ten Pounds. Fhey are not only bettc r treated than the l!I icks during their Service, but when their 'Fime is out, arc their own Mailers; and if Av/z/A Ser- vants, they have five Pounds ; if others, but forty Shillings. Female Sevants they have none, befidcs Natives of tiie Country, and thofc that are hir'd tor Mourtlold Senicc. There's great Care taken of the Negroes, tho they are (Hrpetiial Slaves, beeaufe if one dies, the Owner lofes torty or /i fry Pounds -, whereas by the Death of a Wlir.e Man he only lofes two or three Years Wages to anot!icr. A Slave that is a gocd Meclianick is worth a hundred Mrtd titty or two hundred Pounds ; and four hundred Pounds has 1 •) bid tor a I! iler of Sugar. 'I'he Slaves arc piirchaled by Lots . t the (iuntr.i Ships, are all view'd ftaik naked, and arc allow 'd tw> or three Wives, that they may increafe the Planter's Stock. The Women arc very conllint to lum that palles for their Husband; and both .Sexes, tho grofs Idola- ters, reckon Adultery the word of Crimes. Fheir chief I'arc is boil- ed or roufled Plantanes, anil twice or thrice a Week they are allow'd talt Filli, Mackaril, or fait Pork. Every Family ot Negroes has a Cabbin built with Sticks, C-".- round the Planter's Houle, with a Garden, w here they plant Potatoes, Yams, Callavy-Roots, CTt- and they have a fort ot' hood cill'd Loblolly, made of Mai/. Uoth the White and Negr(>e Servants make Cailavy and Potatoe Uread ; Uit the Mailers eat white Bread of En^lrh Ilower. 'I he Servants drink a Water brew 'd of Potatoes and Sugar, or Mololles, Water and ( iiiigcr, and another of Callavy-Root, which the chl Women chew, and Vpit into Water, 'i'he Negroes, when at Work, fupport themfelvcs with Rum and a Pipe ot Fobacio. They arc rung up at Six ever^ Morning, and lent out to the Fields, return fromWoik at 1 leven, and after Dinner are rung at Out, and work till Six. Lo:ii Sexes wear A/^/j- WuwA Caps. On Sunda\s they generally divert thc.nifclws wiili Dan- cing and barbarous Muliek ; yet fome work that Day for thcmfelvcs by making Ropes uf the Rind of Frees, wiiicli they exihangc with other Servants for Necellaries ; and tiie Mafler allows them Ground, in which they fow Riwts and Plants, and breed Go:its, Hogs, and Fowls for their own Eating, or for Sale; So that fome of the in- duilrious ones come to be worth Monc\\ w hirh they are fo cunning as to hide from their Mafters. They are fueli Lover's cf Carrion, that the Planters are firc'd to hide their dead Cittle from 'em, left their eating it fhould breed an Infeiftion. Fho the Negroes out-number the Whites here, yet i\\e Eiit,lijh are Mafters of the lorts; and the Slaves hate one another fo mortally, that fome had rather die by the Hands of the l-Mhih, than join with their Countrymen in a Mutiny: Belidcs, none of 'cm muft touch Arms witiiour the Mafter's Com- mand, except the Cf /•./«., who all fpcak £«:;//, and can cxercife ver\ well. 'J'he Ew^l ;h Mcrclia.'V.s fend Pcrpetuana's, CJuns, Powder, Flint, 'Fallow-, .'nd S,'irits, in cxi liaiigc for the Negroes. Some Plan- ters have 20000/. worth of Slaves , and manv are undone '\\\ a'l'imc of Mor:alify for want of Money to renew tiieir Stock, which muft be lill'd up tiery Year, beeaufe a fouitli part die in fcafoning. They re- cruit \ Ciuiuiii lorNcgrocs i with Ma.lura forWiiic ; unil with J'trctrai and Fuilt'or Wine and Brail J;, ; witii thclllesotA/./;andC'«iv//twforSaIr ; and with I.tlaiid for I'tcf and Pork. Htforc the lait War it loaded four hundred Sail of Ships n Vcar for ljii^l,mj, and two hundred and fifty diirinc tlic War, whitli is more tliau all the other Sugar-KUnds toKcti-.tr. 'f'hey export yrcac Quantities of Ginger, Cotton Shrubs, Lij^num-Vit*, Succats, Citron-Water, Mololics, Rum, and Lime-juice, for £>/?- land, 'i'lic Goods y, iiicii tiic)' receive from G'leat Britain or Ireland are Oiey.l'yip fortlic Servants and Slaves, Linen of all forts for their Mailers and Families, Broad Cloth and Kcrfeys 'or the Planters and their Overfcers, SilliS and Stuft's for tiie Ladic; and Hoiifliold Servants, red Caps for tlie Slaves, Stod.ings and ihoes for both Mafters and Ser- vants, (Jloves and Hats, Millinary Ware and Pcrriwigs, Laees of all fotts, Ikef, Pork, and otiier Provilions, and Saws and other In- fiiuments for the SuBar-Worl in C/-c,(/;//"./f here, almoft as high rented as thofo of ( ..ip/ih in l.m.,iim; and tlie Storehoufes and Shopi as welt furnifli'd. The Wliarfs and Keys are \ ery neat and convenient. 'I'hc Bay is capa- ble of five hundreil Ships ; and the Harbour fafc againft all Winds but the South ami Weft. The Winds lierc generally blow Eaft, which is therefore called the Windward, and the Well the Leeward. The Harbour is liel'ended b) two Forts oppolite to one another, and a Plat- form betvixt them, vliiih commands the Road, and defends the Town. 'IT.e Coaft of C.nlilk Hay is fortified by three Batteries, and a Line wliidi runsSouth-ealt to Nicdh.ms Point, about a Mile and a half; and thtit's a I'ort mounted with t\\cnty Guns. From tlieiuo there are Lines which run along the Coaft as far as Cli,ijl~CI)ii,\h, vhiili is four Miles ; and on the Weft-fide .if BridyT'irwH, and all alii.n the Wefl-fide of the llland, as far as,V/,r.i's Bay, which is about tliiireen Miles, there are Lines and Forts which defend the Ii.and wl'.i-ie 'tis acctllibli ; and the other Parts arc fo fortified by Rorks th.it 'tis the ftron^eft llland belonging to Eii^Jaii.t, and is a great Utfeiice to our other Iilands and I'lantations in the Neij^hbour- I lie I'l.iniers in .yio/Ao;/ Pri.i , us'd to lliij' imV thiir Liiik- /), '/. Goods JKve f.ir l.titrjaiid, which oi calion'd the lns, and the other at the Koi'th-eiul w ith twenty eight. .\. Chrifl-Vhu,\h, at 0/?//;fj Tow n and B.iy, otherwife c.ili'd C!)hkf 7sa'», about fwc Miles Fall from the B,;J:.\i.-Tuv:ii. The li.iy is ilan!;- ed by a good f'l re on the Sea-(idu, ami another on the LanJ-:ido, wliicn have a Ctimmunication by a Platform. 'I'he> are a/lnv;;; De- fence to the 'Fown, which h.is ore long Street, a Lane in tli'j iiiiuiLO, and has a Monthly Scfnons for thePrecindt, a good V.'c«.ld; Maiket, and Storehoufes. XI. To/m.^o Iflaiid, Lat. ii. Long. 58. is abour twenty eig'it ^^iIes long, aud tweKe where broadeft. It had its Name .'nun t!ie Q^ian- tities i.f Ti'bacco planted here. It has many high V.'ovul Mounc.iins, from '.hence proceed about ei^-hteen Streams, that fill into the .Set, feveral of which abound w ith I'lHi. The Air is f- tcin;''':red by gen- tle Bree/.es, that thev iiave a perpetual Spring. Flie vendible Co:n- modities are Sugar, i'obaceo, Indieo, Ginger, Balm, Dalfmi, Suu- parilla, Silk-Grafs, Tar, o'c. The Soil bears n.i Ei^^JiJi Gi-ain b:ic Peafe and Beans ; yet they have florc of Guinea Cc,rn\ iJonc\ is, tho Kidney and Pigeon Pea. Here arc fjveral forts rf Roots and Pl.inrs, as Potatoes, Eddies, Vams, £w/;yJ Roots, Tea, Cinnanun, Round and y./'/rm,! Pepper, feveral forrs of Apples, Banani's, Chei-rie', I'lunis, Spatiijh Figs, Oranges, Lemons, Melons ; but chie:ly C uo:is, Macaw- Nuts, Phyfiek-Nuts, I.ignum-V'it.i', /?.,;/// Wood, I'bon; , Kilou S.iim- ders. Cedar, Bo\, Sallafras, and many others, fleiv .ue numerims Herds of wild and tame Beafts, as wiki Boars, Oi'afliims, Ji\r.r:lVs, Musk-Rats, 'Fiitoiis Agoutis, Apofla's, a Creature fo in Love w itli Men, that it follov s and dehghts to g.izc on them, Armadillocj, Guanoes, Coneys, Deer, Hoifes, Black Cattel, Alinegros, She-.-p, Swine, Giuts, and Land-Fortoifcs. The Fifh .-.nd Fowl here aro commi to tluife of the other Iilands, and particularly the Billbiid, fo call'd beeaiife its Bill is as big as its whole Body. It has been feveral times taken and retaken by the Ficih/t, En:^!:fi, and D.ah, but belongs now to the Ens^Hfi. Ois^oc ;::oooo V c000i5}«J0«^0^«J©oo0^«j0OC5oe}^00©o«i^0®j;iO0i;}O osj^jc j;;o5i?«i-:«i5 II. The French Dominions in AMERICA are, 1- KMMTJi t NA D .!, or Nm' E am <•. E ••mti Authors b und it with 'I'erradi l.abotador, or Nitjj Rriiain, on the North, the Gulph of Si. /.-.uirmf, Nr.i Eniil.iiJ, and A':.- SiOtLwJ ontlicKall, Florida dnd Nnii Spain on the South, and unknown Countries on the Well. /.,» //I'wf.i)/ extends it fron; Lat. ;.;. to 6^. But the Boundaries of it arc controverted hv the la^l-jh and Spaniards, and are therefore very uncertain : Only tin - may be faiclof It, i'hatthis C'ounrry, together with the 'I'erritorics ot tlie Natives that truckle to the /' ik.A, is of a very great Extent. I'he / t/.r/) make ilie Length of it .ilmoll jooo Miles, and the greateft l:readth S40 ; biit then tliey reckon in a great many independent (A'tintries pollcfs'd by their Neighbours, to wliicli they claim a Right. 'I'he Name came from a little Country on the North-fulc of the Rner < f C/».i./.i, or .^>. /.ii-aifwu'. It is full of Woods, Lakes, and Ri\crs, vhicb make it colder than the Climate would otheTwilebc. The Soil } roduces only a little t . ai, Flas, and Pulfe, in riiolV Parts w liich the fiiT.A have clear'd. 'Fheir Forells arc full of Elks, which ;i re good Meat, and their Skin is prcfer'd to that of Buffaloes, 'i'heir L.:l.es and Ponds abounJ with lievers. la Hoiitan fays, tlic Animals lu t com- mon with us are. I. MiJii Biihi's, a fort of Tycer, which runs up 'I'rces at the (iqht of Men. And wlicn thcSava'^-s purfiic Bl-us or vild Beeves, it "fallies with Fury upon thofe Bcafts , fo thar tl c> take it to be a good Spirit that is friendly to Men, and tiieretV/rc neier kill it. 1. Red and White Bears, fo fierce, that tlicy attack Men in their Sloops. ;. Black and Silver-cojour'd Foses ; the firfl fo fcarce' that they art very dear. 4. Squirrels, that have black and wiiite Streaks. ^. And wild Cats, fo tierce, that tiie N.itives call 'em the Devil's Children. The EiuJi truck Corn, and Fla.v, Hard \\ .uv. Strong Liquors, Clotli, and Fire- Arms, with the Savages, lor their Furs, Cod, and Whale-Oil. The Sa\ag-s arc well enough fliap'd, and would be white it" they did not anoint tliemfelves with Oil, which makes them tawny. 'I'hey go tor the moll part bare-headed, and never cut their Hair. 'Fiieir chief Delight is in Dancing, Feafting, fmoking Tobacco, Hunting, and Filhing. 'I'heir Clothes are the Skins of the BeaAs above nien- tion'd. 'I'hey wear coarCe Stockings in Winter, and paint their Faces with feveral Colours. Moll of 'cm a: e idolatrous Pagans', except a few converted by the Millionaries. One Man has feveral Wives, w ho arc for the molt part barren ; w hich is afcrib'd to their eati:ir; a cer- tain Root, becaufe their Husbands decline their Comp.!ny when they sre V ith Child. 'I'he young Women are very free vt their Favours ; and married Women arc onlychalle for fear of the feieie Puninimcnts iiiilieted by their Husbands, who mark them on the F.ice for the t.i;i Fault, cur a Piece out o( their P'orehead for the feconti, and kill tlicni without Mercy for the third. The People with whom the F.t.Jj trade, belides thole if C.wa.la Proper, are the Huroiif, the A'-ci:qu:rj, lUc J.iii.-i'fi!, and /rjiy.v. /<"•. They arc all cunning and warlike, cfpecially the hitter. But the uii.x'd Breed, or Cmliaiu, one of whcfe Parents is IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^/ 4r 1.0 I.I 1^ 1^ IIIII2.2 1^ 126 I '- IIIIM 1.8 1^ iU 11 1.6 V] 7: r %"i^^ > J^ ^#/ ^<^ > ,> ^ '/ ><^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 53 WIST MA!>< STREET WIBSi^n.K.Y. U580 (716)873-4503 248 NORTH a Eurtpean, are generally lazy and cowardlj. unlel's animated ftront? Liquor, or v hen their Habitations are attack'U, Their chief Rivers are, , 1. T\\cK\.\trciSt.La\ome, otCtutada, which riles, as fomc lay, from a Lake call'd Pijcoutagami, in Lat. J2. Long. 8j. at the Eall-end of vhich the French have a Faftory, near another River which runs from thence into Hudjoifs Bay, af:er joining w ith that call'd Albany River, which runs from the Lake Tabitihis, South of Pifcoutagami, with which it communicates. 2. The River of Canada fails into the Gulph of St. Lawrime, Lat. jo. A M E R I C A: by vernor, who is maintain'd by trading witli the Natives for Bcrcfs* This Place is much infe.led with Fleas. The River here is fiiil of Shelves, and abounds with large Eels, of which the Inhabitants make great Profit. 4. St. Peter's Lake lies three Leagues higher, is ninety fix Leagues long, almoft as broad, and receives three or four Rivers that abound with Fifh i at the Mouths of which there are fine Houfes. 5. Sorel, two Leagues higher on the other (ide the River, is « Canton four Leagues in front. All along from Quebec hither, which is fixty Leagues, the Banks on both fides the River arc fo populous, that Lone. <5o. and encorapafles one fide of the Country on the North of they look continued Villages. " like a Half-Moon, after a Coiirfe of above 2640 Miles, hysLa 6. Montreal, on an Ifland of the fame Name, no Miles Soutft- jt like a , - . . Homan. It receives many other Rivers on both fides, and has a Com- munication with all the great Lakes Weft of it, as may be feen by the Map. But there are many Catarafts in thofe Rivers j fo that none but the Coureurs de Btis, a fort of native Rangers or Pedlars, whom the French employ to bring them Furs, know how to trade in them, by having Canoes, or other little Veflels, ready at the fevcraf Falls for their Goods and Paflages. By tliefe Rivers and Lakes the French have found out a Communication betwixt the River ol Canada |and that of MJpJippi. The chief Lakes are, 1. That call'd the Upper Late, or Nadoitffms, cr Tract. It lies be- twixt Lat. 49 eir 52. and Long. 88 (j 97. 'Tis fix hiuidred Leagues in Compafs, receives ten navigable Rivers, contains fcveral Iflands full of Elks and wild Afles, falls into the Lake of Hurons ; but is unna- vigable becaufe of its Rocks and rapid Stream. It is intolerably cold here half the Year, and freezes the Lake for ten or twelve Leagues over. Tis calmeft from the beginning of Mjf to the end of September ; and the South-fide is fafeft in cafe of a Storm, becaufe of many Bays end RiviUets. Several Northern Nations come hither in Summer to hunt and filh, and bring with them Bever-Sltins to truck with the E ench Pedlars. The Fremh had a Fort on the North-fide, which, be- fore they abandcn'd it, did great Diifcrvice to our Settlement in Hud- fon'i Bay, becaufe it hindcr'd fcveral Nations from traniporting their Skins thither. There are Mines of very fine Copper abcut this Lake; tud it abounds with Sturgeons, Trouts, a.id Wliite Fifli. 2. 'Ilie Ii.'i::c-'.iikf, IHinefr, or Lake Dauphin, Ucs betwixt Lat. 41 & 47 J. and Long. 89 & 9;. fixty Miks South of the former, is five hun- dred Leagues round, falls into that if the H.vem, and lies in an ad- mirable Climate, with Mi.-ac!o\vs, -.^nil lino tall Trees en its Banks, v hich are very ftcep. A River of the fame Name rifcs South from the Lake, and tails into that cf Miipftppi. lis Danks abound \\ itii delicious Vines and other Fruit-Trtcs, Deer, Tuikcj s, and other Bcafts and Fow Is. 3. The I-nkc of H:iroi!', Alionquim, or 0' leans, Eaft of the ISinefe, lies betwixt Lat.4: (jr 48. and Long. 85 CT f'S. and communicates with the two former. It falls into the Lake of Erie, and is rcckon'd 300 Leagues in Compafs. It lies in a fine Climate, and has a Number of Iflands en the Korth-fide, which afford Shelter to the Canoes in bad Weather. The South-fide is pleafant, and abounds with Deer. Its chief lihnd is ALwitciialiii, twenty five Leagues long, and ten broad, whofe antlent Natives the Lcfiefe oblig'dto retire to MifJilimuUtac, a Coimtry on the Banks of this Lake and that of the liinefe. There's a River at the Eaft-end of this Itland call'd St. Faucis, which is as broad as the Seii:c at Pmis, runs about forty Leagues from Lake Nepi- ferini, and has five Cataracts, which oblige PalVengers to carry their Goods by Land. Here are abundance of Beeves, andfuch vaft Shoals of Fifh, efpeeially Trouts as big as one's Thighs, about the Ifland MfjiHmal:ii:ai, cn the North-wefi-fide of the Lake, that the Natives catrh great Quantities here both in Winter and Summer, and make Holes trr their Nets in the Ice when the Channel is froze, which is often the Cife, tho the Currents are fo ftrong, that foraetimes they fuck in Nets two or three Leagues rtf. At certain Seafons thefc Currents run three Days Eaft, two Days Weft, one to the South, and four to tl-,c North, more or lefs ; and in calm Weather they vary to all Points ot the Connpaf* in a Ca\'. There's a Ridge of Mountains that begins betwixt this and the rJinefc hiVe, extends South 1 140 Miles, almod to the Cape of Florida, and has Plains on the top like Terrafs- Walks, for 100 Miles long. Places of No.e belonging to the French in Cwada are, I. Q^itl'ec, the Capital, on the Kivcr o( St. La-jjrence, Lat. 40. 31. Long, <:c. 40. three hundred Miles from the Mouth of the River, 'lis divided into the Upper and Lower. The Merchants live in the latter for the fake of the Harbour, upon which they have fine Stone- Houfes three Stories high. The Upper Town is as populous and fine as the other. Both together are a League round> commanded by a Caftle on the liigheft Ground. The Way betwixt the two Towns is pretty broad, but deep, and adorn'd w ith Houfes on both fides. The Situa- tion is uneven, and the Houfes not uniform. The Governor lives in the Cadle, w here he has convenient Apartments. 'Tis alfo the Seat of an Intendant, and of a Sovereign Council, which meets four times a week at his Houfe, near w hich lie the Magazines for Ammunition and Provifions. The Chapter- Houfe, where the twelve Prebendaries live, is a noble Stnidure The Jefuits Church is the like. They have a College for fifty Scholars, with convenient Apartments and large Gardens. There are three other Churches in the Lower Town, and fix in the Upper. The Sovereign Council decides all Caufcs, and every Man ('leads his own. Here's alfo a Lieutenant-General, both V eft from Quebec, is the Seat of a Governor, who has a thoufartd Crowns ler Ann. and makes great Advaiitage by trading with the Natives, who come hither from the great Lakes of Canada with Fui-s, which they exchange for Arms, Cattle, Axes, Kniv', &c. by which the Merchants commoly clear two hnndred per Ceiit. The Merchants here are generally Faftors to thofe of QiAec Every one is allow 'd to trade in this Place, which is the bcft for getting an Eftate. The Gover- nor-General comes hither once a Year from Qiielec to fturc the Profits, and receive Prefents from the Nariv es. Here arc Pedlarsnam'd Comeurt de Bois, who export Goods in Canoes, and make Voyages fomctxmcs of a Year and hailf among the Savages for Furs ; make great profit, but generally fpcnd it at their Return in rioting and whoring. The Mer- chants here have twolicenfed Canoes, on which they load a thoufand Crowns worth of Goods apiece. They are manag'd by thcfe Pedlars, and commonly bring in (even hundred per Cent, clear Profit. The Rircr of St. Lawrence is navigable no further than this Place, becaufe of Catarafts. There are three or four of 'em betw ixt Momreal and Frontenac, where the Savages and Pedlars carry their Goods orcr Land above the Catarafts, and drag their Boats againft the Stream. 7. Chambli is a French Fort five or fix Leagues from Montreal, where the Lake of CLmplaln, after a CataraA a League and a half long, falls into a Bafin which empties it felf into the River of St. lutwreme. Cha^flain Lake, above that Water-tall, is eighty Leagues round, and has another Lake at the South-end, by which one may eafily go to Nsvi York, there being only two Leagues of Land Carriage from hence to HudfoHS River. The Savages hereabouts are for the moft part retir'd to the Englifi Colonies, where they have an hundred and fixty per Cent, more for their Goods than the French give. 8. Fort Frcntenac lies at the North-eaft End of the Lake Ontario^ about an hundred and fifty Miles South-weft from Afontreal. It lies well for TrafEck, becaufe they tranfport their Furs tdtlic French Colo- nies by Water, with more Eafc than by Land, to New Tork : But it cannot be defended in time of \Wt, becaufe of the CataraAs and Cur- rent' where fifty Irojuefe are able with Stones to beat five hundred armd Men, and are better affefted to the EngUjb than the French. They inhabit the South-fide of the Lake, are divided into five Cantons within 30 Leagues of one another, and each Canton confifts of 14000 People, of whom there are i joo Men who bear Arms. They have had an antient Alliance with the EngliJI), w ho take their Furs at Nr-v York in exchange for Neceflaries, cheaper than the French can aft'ord to do- Their Villages are palifado'd, and their Houfes three Stories high : From the lower they difcharge Arrows thro Loop-Holes ; from the upper they throw Stones; and the Women and Children retire to the middle Story, in cafe of an Attack. Father Hennepin fays, they haVe cut dtf above two Millions of other Savages, and extended their Conquefts fix hundred Leagues. He was fent on an Embafl'ay to them from the Fench Governor of Cviada, to propofc furnifhing them with Commo- dities cheaper than they have from the Englifi at\d Dutch, and to drive the two latter out of America. They accepted his Propofals of Trade and Peace, but would not join againft the Englifi and Dutch. Their Country is fruitfiil and nicafant. They are fupply'd w ith Filh by tho Lake, and fubfift chiefly by hunting Bevers. We can't infift on the leveral Nations of Savages which LaHonton mentions in this Country j but can't omit taking notice that the Fren.h by the above mention'd Lakes and Rivers cncompafs all our Planta- tions on the Continent of America, from Cape Breton to the River of Mifjljippi: that he propos'd to Lrwis XI V. a Scheme for building Forts on the great Lakes of Canada, by which the /royw/* would be forc'd to abandon the Country, or fubmit to the French; and with the other Savages in Alliance w ith France, would be able to drive us out of all our Plantations on the Continent. But on the other hand he owns, that the Englifi by building Forts on the fame Lakes, mighr, with the Afliftance of the Jroquefe, drive the Frtmb and their Allies out of Canada. . ', II. Louifinna, or what the French call U^eft Canada, was by the Sfa' nifi Difcovcrers call'd by the general Name of Florida. How ftr their Difcoveries reach'd appears by our Map, where the Goiirfes of tljc Di feovcrers arc fet do w n. The French do no w call i t Lotiijiana, or JVefi Canada ; and Hie Acccount they give of their modern Difcoveries, by which they claim the Title, is thus : They fay, that M. ^ilivet, a Frenchman, firft difcover'd the River of Mifl'fippi in 1673, into which he defccnded by the River of the Ouifconjing ; but having cnter'd no farther into the Country, the Difcovery was afcrib'd to M.kobert Ca- valier de la Salle, a Native of Roati, and Governor of Fort Fhmenac, who difcover'd the grcateft Part of this Country, from 1678 to 1687. To that end he fet out from Fort t\ontenac, November 18. 1678, in a H itivcs for Bcrcfs* ;r here is full of iihabicants make incty Hx Leagues vers that abound Dufes. the River, is a liiclicr, which is fo populous, thac [20 Miles South- ) has a thoufaild railing with the '^iiJa with Fui-J, •', &c. by which The Merchants one in allow 'd to ate. TheGover- ffurc the Profits, iTsmm'dCottteurs yagcs fometimcs great profit, but ring. The Mer- ' load a thoufand by thcfe Pedlars, ;ar Profit. The is Place, becaufc ixt Afoiitienl ind joods orcr Land I Stream. Montreal, where a half long, falls of St. Litwent'e. gues round, and may eafily go to riage from hence )r the moft part lundrcd and lixty ic Lake Ontme^ Motnreal- It lies tlie Ficmh Coio- ViTU Tork : But it uarafts and Cur- >eat five hundred than the Fietich. into five Cantons ronfifts of 14000 , They have had Furs at Nr.v York can afford to do. ee Stories high : s ; from the upper ire to the middle they have cut oilf I their Conquefts to them from the em with Commo- itch, and to drive opofals of Trade id Dutch. Their with Fiih by the wliich LnHonttn re tliat the French fs all our Planta- I to the River of leme for building /royKf/* would be ch; and with the : to drive us out le other hand he le Lakes, miglir, I and .their Allies , was by the Spa- I. How for their e Gourfes of tlie LouiJiaMa, or IVe/l n Difcoveries, by :hat M. yolivet, a 167?, into which liaving cnter'd fto 1 to M.MertCa' of Fort Brtmetinc, rom 1678 to 1687. er 18, itfv * • 1 -i n liver oi Canada |and due ot call'd tlie Ujppei- Lake, or Nadoiifjioiti, or Tiaci. It lies bc- 49 eir 52. and Long. 88 cir 97. 'lis fix hundred Leagues found out a Communication betwixt tiic . Mffifippi. The chief Lakes arc, I. That twixt Lat. ,, _ ,-- „ - ., in Compafs, receives ten navigable Rivers, contains feveral Wands full of Elks and wild AlTes, falls into the Lake of Hurom ; but is unna- vigable becaufe of its Rocks and rapid Stream. It is intolerably cold here half the Year, and freezes the Lake for ten or twelve Leagues over. 'Tis calmtft from the beginning of May to the end of Seftemkr ; and the Soutli-lidc is fafeft in cafe of a Storm, becaufe of many Bays end Rividets. Several Northern Nations come hither in Summer to hunt and hfli, and bring with them Bcvcr-Skins to truck with the Eench Pedlars. The French had a Fort on the North-fide, which, be- fore they abandon'd it, did great DilTcrvice to our Settlement in HuJ- foil's Bay, becaufe ic hindci 'd feveral Nations from tranfporting their "Sliins rhither. There are Mines of very line Copper about this Lake; £ud it abounds with Sturgeons, Trouts, and Wliite Filli. a. 'Pic IHiuKids, I!liwji\ or Lake D.iiiphin, Vies betwixt Lat. 42 A MAP OF LOUISIANA AND OF TH j.'i/tj ft' ftr.if f: !^Aj}fH*' ,\\t/t\'iu* /^//.y/.- //.■ .V.v •.?;■// v// il-A .^Ik. \t.frtt.:u< 1^. \^ ',ui/,'x 7: ^"*:J^ or qs./F R Y tlit^Qiii,!i.i.ii< li.i .kK IiifN/ois >.. ^ , 1^, '^f J^ AN OOF rilK ^ r^ilir Piiuiloui or IVon; riiniirlili .1: {'«nilC)Uiaj ^1 .t/K,t^tH,f' "> Jfc^- '^^ ^ Pad o uc 'iVlFXI C%^ :^QuH,uo uluUia, }S[\ r{/^J.'/.^.-MtW. [k VTiOATI )X ^^''\ "'^"^ •»'/-^.-.^^- /.y^A Niff Into rhr X ■-*^ Niff Into ihrT )F THE RIVER MISSISSIPI j^yiohni ■•"•j. D^l.-.iM.t WS^S^WH ^iZT^ JrFih T^ ^^^^^^J!f^^ . ^^HBiMBB .......i.....i,_.1U ^aaagi ,.i*'' f hmuii^ Tin (>i4f^iA'uu<\ " S enex Ki. ../'ji .//,/,... ..//,„,/ '''•'».«V. /■ jyw, . r K J 1.1 K.;A.- ,'Ai-t/f.i,' Ki-.i , J? » ' llic ^ta^(■Olltl■ll>V^()r Nariou <>l' Tin i'^^tL' *'•••'••" V//*/ UffU/lti ■y y/! 4 Jf.'Wi/// . ^Vtafford f''^^^ \^«Wi/^ \ I R G I N I A Nift^'^ •' — _ _ .jrTi ■/ '/ Tl^-^ -r^~ — 'i:.. ../•;>,■.• r„^ J.""-J ■^xMr' "^ ~ ^^~~--X ■^~ltmaJi JWiner. ^|k *■ hru'liK.K !»«•»• '•"^v J / (hrl harya.* or' Trlr* Pl))atr.'i L (>iirli*(rz / 1: , M.u.f^a {hi A- 1 ^ iA/^C oiifha<|iirs- /vv lalarhirrjli/' /■^''if O L I /^ i'l uiarlr • ,'.:,X ^J* f<- /i^ Li'y/- t \rrrrfvt Wf.'rt Scire I _ Bai'lej' lown i\i&;/fy M,'J}ifiM *. Clurlefort ' /.vv .<'.Vaf, iilii- I'liiiitoiii or Vrom iiJ'iP^ ' ~ "^ ' / .//<. 'i^'c if^f :i ^ ' — * •■yoj..^. "•••'^"WT^ f' ■■ ■ ~yt\fr.l/r.A//;; ■Vtafford ,1 Wi/V \] z.^/. A/^;./.. ,/;^^ -^ \ I R G I N I A N^«"^i J • . " _ — vT ,/ y/ '/ TT/iii-ii(i I ,-„ _ -- UlirU liK.n lui" Mm-J- 1./ J . ilii ( Iwr^Jw.v III' l:> \i\ 0k-r,.-i-A I'n/ vi ^nendoii •^A" ..(iravNi. (■' M'.nl/i. ././ ■r..,./,,,V I- //.ir.rnt.i. :-l S (icorur iW" _n:nlc\ lown I'.i//,,/ /■,/ M. f'/;ii,-A w»f, (liarlcforr I V,.'-<<^-">^' •'/ Wi '"A- Aloilltl t>l (lie / r i;i iTlf. ■,,'/., Z,^//;, -//iz/v /,y.'" .?-• .S,'.\,i.\iliui '///... o , -.^i./.r. •//,. /..in. fill,/ /V.I. !^ .11./^^ 'MlSSIwSSIPBli;^ - '' < ///< •// /'//////•///^//^■vyAY^/jj^y^ \vA\ill\,nnI.a'w ,-,' y.i,rnil>„ A;. ^ /. ./ .tKu/^u ^,- I '/.I/' A.' . ,'•1.' ^/ .''^r A The French Dominions in thofe Paris. h Upon a larf^cTrcc, from vlicncc tlicy vent to the Lake of the Ajjinh ^ouli, and from thciicc to tUc CfMif^us-Kales, beyond Lat. (5o. \\hilc JA.Dacan difcover'd tlie Nortli of the River, M. Cavalier, alias De la Salle, made Settlements amonc the Natiotts who inhabit the great Lakes which feparatc the Eaft Part of Canada from Lnuifuna, and made fc\eral Journeys afterwards to Bontennc and other Places. In yaimary, ifsSj, he cmbark'd again on the River /iy/w/V, and arriv'd in lint ot Miffifipfi ; and as he came down it, he obferv'd that l-.c had on iiis Left the River Onb.iche, now St. Jcroms. He vifited fcvcral Na- tions *, and on the Left oi Aliffi/tppi built a Fort, which he call'd Prud- home from one of his Adventurers, in Lat. 36. Long.96. From thence he came down to the Tuenkai, with whom he made an Alliance. From thence he pafs'd by the Mouth of the River Sabhnitrt, and ar- riv'd at that oi Mi[fijippi, in the Gulph of M.v/io, the -jth oi April, when he planted a Crofs, and engrav'd the Arms of Fmrne upo". a Tree. 'J'lie 1 ith he fail'd up the River in a Canoe, in order to ac- quaint tiie (Governor of Quelec witii his Difcoveries ; but falling lick by the way, hv did not arrive there till the end of 1683 ; from whence he fct out for Fi-aiia; and was well receiv'd by the King, who gave him four Ships to pvofccute his Difcoveries. He fet out from Ruthd in 1684. Three of his Velfcls milTin," the Mouth oi Mijjifippi, were caft aw.iy ; but the t^rcatcll pait of the Men «nd Goods lav'd. He him- fclf was t.ikcii ill ; but after his Rccovcrv view'd the Country, and call'd the f.iral Hay, where he loft his three Ships, St. Louis, and a River which tails into it, he call'd the River o( Cow. He built a Fort, and then went in qtieft of the Mouth oi Mijjifippi, which he difcover'd by the Marks he had left in his rirft Voyage, i'lien he went upon difco- vcring the Nations bctw ixt that River and the Mouth of the Illimis, with a dclign to return tiiat Way to Canada, i'o which end he fet out frrm the liay of .St. /.orin in '^"rit, 168 J, with twenty Men, and crof- fcd li.\eral Rivers anil fine Countries, where he found People on horfe- bick with Accoutrements, which Ihcw'd they had Commerce with t'.urapcam. Then marching two Days more over vaft Meadows, he found great Herds of wild lilack Cattel. After feveral Days March thro a delicious Country, he came to a Settlement of the People call'd Cents, vhiih exundcd twenty Leagues; and the Hamlets fo clofc, that they loi.k'd like a continued Village. Here he found feveral £Mr()/>f,w Goods, and a Bull of tiic Pope, exempting the People ot A'ctu Mexico from falb'ng in Summer ; and the Inhabitants told them they were fix liays Jour- ney from the Spanijh Settlements. He continu'd his March tliro the Country of tlie N.iffjitii ; w here being reduc'd to great Diftrefs, he agreed to return to his Fort at the Moutli of the River Mi/pjippi. F'rum thence, in iciSj, he fct out ag.iin toward the Country ot the Jliiiwif ; and having crofs 'd the River .S',;Wii«/V)f and others, came to a fine Country, where his Men prov'd mutinous, and murder'd both him and his Nephew . 13ut Father Heiiwpin and fome others obtaining (iiiiiies t'rom therewr, march'd North-caft thro a very fine Country, and c;n tiic jtli of .Se;tcmLi:r arriv'd at the Mouth of the Illincfe River ,• itom viitncc tlicy came to Qj Eiifl and U'^eji India Companies, theSIiarcs of whofe Stock, by tiic Management ot Mr. Ldti/, i ScotJi Ciintleman, rofe in lyi^.to 1:00 /.,■ Gw. by which many People in FiMcc and ellcvhere got \a(t Eftates. The United Companies have ftnt People to make Settlements in the Colony, and have begun a ii.tndfome Town call'd 0//f.mici the llluc of which muft be left to 'i'iiiie. Autiiors are not agreed about the E>tent of Loiiifiaita. Some bound it the fame as Cauadu on the North, with unknown Countries, with Ca- nada on the Faft. the Gulph of Mexico on the South, and iVctu Mexico on the Weft. Our Map extends it to Lat. 4(5. and betwixt Weft Long. Si cr loi. The Air is faid to be very temperate, and the Soil very fruitful, and would produce all Necefraries if cultivated. Here are the fame Beads and Birds as are ufual in Nunh America ; and 'tis thought here are Mines of Silver, as well as Iron and Lead. Mon- fieurlw Salk\ Account makes the River Mifjifippi eight hundred Leagues long, including Windings and Turnings. It falls into the Bay i^i Mexico by fcveral Moutiis, in Lat. 28 j. Long. 93 i- where it forms fcvcral Illands. The Mouth of it is fo deep and free from Sands, that 'tis faid great Ships may go up to the Illiuoii River, which is two hundred and hftccn Leagues. It is much infeftcd by Crocodiles, efpccially to- wards the Mouth. 'I'lie Mail on the Banks of this River ripens in fwty Days after 'tis fown. They have three Crops in a Year, and no other Winter but fome Rain. Here arc all forts of European Trees, and many others unknown to us ; with the fineft Cedars and Cotton- Trees fo tall, that tlie Savages make Pirago's of a hundred Foot long cut of one Piece of their Tnmks. Many oi the Savages w ere naked, and fierce ; but foon appeas'd by Prefents of Hatchets, Tobacco, and Knives ; and they treated the Frinch with Bcvers Flc/h. This River receives feveral other navigable ones on both fides ; and Hennepin and i).7irtK fa'l'd four hundred and fifty Leagues up the M////W/ to the C'^untry of tlie IJfatis. When the Spaniatds difcover'd this Country, they found it {;overn'd by feveral Princes, fome of whom made them Prefents of Silver, Gold, and rich Furs ; and thofe Princes and their Queens were adorn'd with Chains of Pearl. They found likewifo 'Tiaquoifes, Emcralils, Coral, cir.. here; but what fiirthtr Comrao- tiitics it aflbrds, mud be left to new Difcoveries. 6f & 75. The Air is temperate, and the Sod abounds witli Mai/, Fruits of all forts, Sugar, Ginger, Tobacco, Oranges, (mall Lemons, Citrons, Toroni.is, Lima's, Dates, Palm- Trees of feveral forts, Apricocks, Caramitc, Jenjpah-Trces, Cedars, (^c. In the Moun- tains there arc Mitics of Gold and Silver; but negleacd for want of Hands. Their Fields abound with Cattel and wild Horfes. Here are all the Birds common to the IVeft Indies ; and there are many par- ticular forts of Fifli on their Coafts, fome of which are excellent Meat. The Soil is one of the richeft in the World, and the Trees and Her- bage continually green; fo that they have excellent Fruit all the Year. Gold Duft is found in the Sands of their Rivers. Here arc fo many Harbours, that Sailors can fcarcc mifs one, where they may have frefh Water and Provilions. Here are many Sugar and Salt- Works, and fe- veral Rivers, of which that call'd Ocoa is the chief. The Infeas are Muskettoes of three forts, and one call'd Cucujo, which has four Eyes, two on its Side, and two on its Wings, which fliine fo by Nigi)t, that the Inhabitants ufe them inllead of Candles. This is the" greateft Illand of all the Antilles, next to Cuia. The chief Eeiic/j Settlements here are Grc.it and Petit Gituvus, near the Weft-fide of the Illand, on a Ba)', wliere they us'd to have fome Men of War. The Feiicb Part of the Kland is chic:ly inhabited by Buccaniers and Free-Booters of feve- ral Nations, moft of 'em Fenc/i, under a General of their own Coun- try. The Eaftern Part, podcfs'd by the Spaniards, is tlie largeft, and has moft Towns: The chief is St.Dominro, from whence the Illand !.id its Name. It lies on the South-fide of the Lland, Lat. 20. Long. 70. at the Moutli of the Ri\er Utyna. It is well fortified, has a ftrong Caftlc and feveral other Works to defend the Harbour, whicli is fafe and large. 'Tis not (o confidcrable as formerly, fincc the Ki- vitrta was made the chief Place for t'-.c .Spanifi Trade. Tliey have ftill fome Commerce in Hides, Tallow, Sugar, Caflia, Horfes, and Ho^s. Its chief Splendor now confifts in its Royal Audicn' c, or Court of |ii- dicaturc, the olded in America. Here is a Mint, and a College w itli 4000 Ducats Revenue. Here are reckon'd looo l".imilits, ofwhicii, according to the .'•'.•nfom, only 600 arc Spaniard', and the red Mlf;x.o's, M::latto'i, Nop:.-', and Canarins, The City is m a d'.-ligatf il Sirii;'.- tion, with the Sea on the South, the River on the Eall, and i-leaf.int Fields on tlic North and Weft. Tis almod fquare, w ith lon^ dreighc Streets, and fair Houfcs, moft of Stone. There's a fqu-ire Mark'ct- Place in t'm Middle, with a lundfome Church. Tlie King's Collcc- tvis dwell iw dately PaLaccs, and the D!w;;.Y.mf, F.-.tihifaui, and Monks dela Merced have brave Cloiftersj befidts wliich there arc two Nunneries. Here is z Latin School, and an Hofpital endowed wicli 20000 Ducats a Year. The Archbiftiop of .S>. D(/w/h»o has Jiirildiciion o\er the Bifhops oi Conception, La Vega, Cuba, Feaevila, Hrndura<, and Portu Rico. Here is alfo an Univerfity. The (»o\crnor's Authority extends over all the Spanifi Iilands. 'I'hc Spaniards have fcvcral othef Towns here, wliich we can't infift upon. 2. Tortug.i, over againft the North-weft End of H.fpaniol.i, h. lonrri to the French. 'Tis about fixty Leagues round, full of tall Treis. .iivi producesyellow Saunders, Guaiacum, Gum,Elemi,C/;/B2 i. 'Tis five Leagues round, encompafs'd with Rocks, and cover'd with Trees. It produces Tobacco and Cadova, and a particular Tree call'd the Canopia, which yields a pleafant Fruit, and ftore of pleafant Gum that is us'd as an opening Medicine in Phy- fick. Here are many V'ild Hogs. It has a good Harbour, well fortified. 5. St. Martin lies Nonn-wdft of St. Bartholomew, feven Leagues lon^, and five broad ; and has famous Salt Mines. It has a Town with a good Fort, a ftrong Caftlo, and feveral Bulwarks. The Governor has a good Palace ; and here are feveral Churches and Monaftcries. This Idand is divided betwixt the French and Dutch. 6. Guadalotipa lies South from Ante^, and Sfjuth-t.ift from Mjnftrr.it, Lat. 18. Long. 61. 'Tis about fixty League.<- round, iivided into tw a Parts by a narrow Channel. It produces ftore of Rice, Mai?, Mandioca, Potatoes, Pine- Apples, Sugar-Canes, Plmtanes. Here rhe Fench make excellent Sugar, Indico, andTobac:o. Here's a fort of yel- low Plums, which fatten their Hogs. fKere are feveral Tow n < and Forts. The chief Town lies in the Low Country, is a pretty hand- fome Town, has many Storehoiifes, and a Caftle with four Bulw arks, befidcs a Fort and a Garifon on a neighbouring Mountain. Here's a Bath fo hot, as to boil Meat. 7. La Dejfeada, fifteen Miles Eaft from Guadakupa. 'Tis fmall, but fruitfiil, well cultivated, and abounds with Fowls. 8. Marigalante, a little South of Guadalotipa, produces abundance of Tobacco, and Cinnamon-Trees that are always green. Tis about five Leagues and a half long, and four broad. It has manv large ami #, J fiiiiiiil j;rcat Herds of wild Blat li Cattcl. After fcvcral Days Marcli tliro a litlicioiis Country, lie came to aSettlcment of the People call'd Cenis, V hiih extemlcd twenty Leagues ; and the Hamlets fo clofc, that they look'd like a continued Village. Here he found fcvenil Ewro/iMa Goods, and a Bull of the Pope, exempting the People of A'tu) Mx/Vo from tailing in Summer ; and the Inhabitants told them they were fix Days Jour- ney from the Spanijh Settlements. He continu'd his Marcii thro the Country o( tlvs Nulfms ; where being reduc'd to great Diftrefs, ho ai^reed to return to his rort at tlie Mouth of the River Afiffifippi. From thence, in 1687, lie fee out agiin toward the Country ol the lliimii i and having crofs'd the River Salhnkre and others, came to a fine Country, where his Men prov'd mutinous, and murdcr'd both him and his Nephew, liut Father Hennepin and fome others obtaining (iiiidfs from the Cw/f, march'd North-cad thro a very fine Country, and en the jch of Stptcmbcr arriv'd at the Mouth of the lllimfe River ; from V litncc tliey came to Qiida in i(588. Upon tliifc JJifcovcries, the Fiencli King gave a Grant ofthis Coun- try to Monliciir G(it,*f, dated .SV/ifiwitc 14. 1712. N.S. The River MlJ^Jippi Wds call'd if. /.6«/'f, and the Country LwH/f/Wrt. This Coun- try is now given to the United F,em/> Euft and H'^eji India Companies, the Sliarcs of wliofe Stock, by the Manapcment of Mr. Ltmis, a Scoub Gtiitlenun, rofc in 171 9, to 1:00 pa- Cevt. by which many People in f'i,t,:(f and cllcvlicre got \a(l Hftates. 'I"he United Companies have fent People to make Settlements in the Colony, and have begun a li.aiuifome Town call'd Oi/c.iwffj ,the llluu of which muft be left to 'J'ime. Authors are not agreed about the Extent of Lmiijiana. Some bound it the fame as C,vui,la on the North, w ith unknown Countries, with Ca- i:.iJu on the Kail, the Cnilpli of Mexico on the South, and Nivj Mexico on the Weft. Our Map extends it to Lat. 415. and betwixt Weft Long. S:6~ loj. The Air is faid to be very temperate, and the Soil very fruitful, and would produce all Ncceffaries if cultivated. Here are the fame Eeafts and Birds as are ufual in North America ; and 'tis thought here are Mines of Siher, as well as Iron and Lead. Mon- fieur /./I SalU'b Account makes the River Mijfijjppi eight hundred Leagues long, including Windings and Turnings. It falls into the Bay of Mexico by fcveral Mouths, in Lat. 28 |. Long- pj J. where it forms fcveral Illands. The Mouth of it is fo deep and free from Sands, that 'tis faid great Ships may go up to tiie Illinois River, which is two hundred and hftccn Leagues. It is much infeftcd by Crocodiles, efpecially to- wartis the NJouth. The Mail on the Banks of this River ripens in fixty Days after 'tis fow n. They have tlireo Crops in a Year, and no other Winter b;it fome Rain. Here are all forts of European Trees, and many others unknown to us ; w ith the fineft Cedars and Cotton- Trees fo tall, that the Savages make Pirago's of a hundred Foot long out of vine Piece of their Trunks. Many of the Savages were naked, aiul lierce j but foon appeas'd by Prefents of Hatchets, Tobacco, and Knives; and they treated the /•'«•«./> v. ith Bcvers Flc/h. This River receives fc\cral other navigable ones on both (ides ; inii Hennepimni. Di^aH faii'd four hundred and fifty Leagues up the Mifftjippi to zhe Country of the /jf,iii<. Wl.en the Spaniartls difcoycr'd this Country, tluv found it povcrn'd by fex end Princes, fome of whom made them Prefents of SiUer, f iold, and rich Furs ; and thofc Princes and their Qiittiis svcre .idorn'd with Chains o( Pe.irl. They foimd likcwife 'I i;u]uoife<., Lmeralds, Coral, 6'i. here; but what tiirthtr Commo- tlities it afl'ords, mnfl be left to new Djfcovcrics. The /vtHt/^ Settlements here are, 1. A Fort erected by Monlieur De /.i SaHe in i68j, near St- Lcuit's Bay, Lat. 18. Long. 101 {-. 2. Fnt Loiiii, Lat. 3i.tf. Long. 9i' ?. I'enjiuolj, Lat. 19. Long.91. the bcft Harbour in the Bay, taken from the .S]can.if.di!i, and Monks dela Merced have brave Cloifters; befides which there arc two Nunneries. Here is 1 Latin School, and an Hofpital endowed vicii 20000 Ducats a Year. The Arclibifhop of .St. Duw«»o has JurildiLiion o\er the Bifliops oi Conception, La Fega, Cuba, Femxula, HudimK, and Portu Rico. Here is alfo an Univerlity. The (tJpk^..:. \ a lev CO cr^^^^^ 1 rccs, J^^^_ dofcl-y tl,o Slunc. Tl,c Harbour hcs .,, tl.c middle of a vatcra. Ihcw\nM.slxalthtul, anddit.Viltrinta,I. ^^^,_,_^ _, „^„,7„„, ,i,,r,,,„|,.i [„ j llroiid Fort. 11. Ci.iiuiJ.i IS Lat, 12. Long. 62. 'lii about lix Miles long, and great Ihy, ucttiidcd b) a llrong lort. £^i^^MI^"^M^A:t'^?^*>^tC-&>.K&>.^^?^^ Ill The Dutch Dominions in AMERICA. t-t^irm^''^.'^- l^'INCENT's Illand, about fixty Miles Weft from B.i />.i.ke<, is divided betwixt the DulJ) and £«?///*. 'lis ciglir Leagues lonp, and (i.\ broad ; and has Itve- ral MouIltain^, I'ecn at a great diliancc. It abounds with vild Siigar-Canes, and a picafant I-'ruit which re- ftmblcs a grtcn Cuciin'' . ' It lias con\ enicnt Bays for Anchorage on the Weft and S.^urli ,.jcs; and produces Sugar, c^c. Moft of it is pclTcfs'd by the ZJ.vf J;. ;. Biiuii'y Illand, in Lat. u. Long. 68. is fcventecn Leagues round, and lias a v.oo(i Harbour in a d< ep Bay, about tiic middle of the Illand, on theSouth-lide. It abounds with Cotton- I'rce^ Guaiacum, Maiz, and Guiiita Coi n ; Sheep and lilack Cattel. The D:.tJj have a (iari- fon here; and there arc fomc X'illages inhabited b\ Natives, who live pcacc.-ibl}'. Here's Mo a good Salt-PonJ. ;. C:/i'.;/ni- about forty Miles Weft f;om /?.im/V, is about thirteen Leagues round, ;ind the' chief Plantation the D-.i.h hive in Am,.:..i The Soil is even, and feeds a good Number ot Cattel, which yicjdgood Checfc for Confumpticn and Lxport. It has manv Plantations of Si.-.^ir, andaTov.n with a good Haibour, a ftroiig Citade', and we.ilthy Merchants, I: lies on the North-lide ( f the L'anc Thc'l'ovnis ticatlv builr, and fortified, 'lis the Reliticncc of the Dut h Governor: and Liberty of Ccnfcience being allow 'd here, 'tis inhabited by Dutch, yrji , and divers other Nations ^^'»o d>-ive a vait IVadc in E::ynpc.!>: Gcoi'^ all OUT t!ie II' ft l.'-e', aiul particularly v ith the Sra- mard} oil'm I R'ln.i in Negroes and D-lJ MaP.i.taetures, f.r Pearl, Pre- cious Stones Indico, Cocoa, (]orl'.inc:.l, .liui 'I"ob.ACCO. 4. Oiidu, or AruLi, about twenty two Md^s V.. frcn C»m/.ius but not quite fo big. TJie chief Product is Goats, Sliccp, and fomc Su- gar, with which they fupply Cwiw^.itu. 5. Stiki, Lat. ib-J-. Long, fti ;-. It is a fmall Illand, about thirty Miles South-weft of St. B.inMcmnu'i, and fifteen Nort!i-wcft of EuJhJje. It was formerly fub)vh to t\)cDaNe<, tlio the DitJ', its pre- fent PolIeiVors, firft pLmted it. ' Tis picafant and fruitful. The jea about it is To clear, that Stones arc feen at the bottom ; and it abounds witli thole Firti call'd Boneta's. 6. St.Eujluhc, or E'.'R.Kt. Tho fmall, it has a Ditih Colony of 1630 People. Tis io ftrong by Nature, that a few Men .irc able to keep ort' a prcat Number. Bclides, it has a ftrong Fort, which com- mands the Harbour. 'I'hc Inhabitants m.ikc great profit of t.heir To- bacco, Fowls, Hogs, and Goats, with which they fupply their Neigii- bours. There's a Mountain in the middle of the Illand, vlucli i« tner-grown with Trees, and riles like a Pyramid. It has a pleafanr P'ain round it, but no frelh Water ; fo that they arc forc'd to prcftr\ o Rain in Cillcrns. The Air iswholefome, and the S(iil fniittul ; but ''I'-v have terrible Thunderclaps, Karthqnakes, and Hurricanes, the 1 ercfpecially m Aug- ifi 3X\iL September. At their Appriuch the Birds I , 'it to the Ground, and the Rain that precedes them is alwaxs I.,;:.: ,.nd fait. It was feveral times taken by the C/;^/;yJ and Dfujj; b ■ • ;;oicd to the D:itJi by the Treaty of Ri-fji.k. i .X D.iiic! arc pollefs'd of .S>. T'/.mai, one of thofe call'd the I'itjin I:lii:,U, Lat. ro. Long. fi;. 'Lisa free Port, a Sanctuary for Priva- teers; prodcKS Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, cr. astlicreft; .•^nd the iHigiiboiri.i.; bea abounds with Filh, It ii.is a Hay capable vi x liuiidied Ships i and Tree- , whefe Bark taftes iikc Cinnamon. IV. The Spani/h Dominions in AMERICA, ■4. ^^!7S" 11 r Y ccnfift of two general Parts, Al-.th and South Ame- ^^P'**rf ; r,.-,;, fcparattd from one anotiier b\' the Ifihmus of D.vicn : ij T ;;-; '1 i.e Ncrtii goes uiuler the general Name of McxUc, and '^^3' the South lUider that cf Peru ; but each cf them has many ^^*'^' Subciivilioiis. Ani tlio tlic Sp.iHi.irtls have the Sovereignty of tlie greateft part, there ..ic many Nations over whom they have no Dominion ; a.-id the large Country of £)«/?/ in South Amoica is fubjedto the i'^rtuiucfc. Wc btgia at the Northern Parts, where v c have, I. CALIFORNIA, IT lies betwixt Lat 25 7 6~49 i- about 1580 Miles long, and joo V here broadeft in the North, but narrow on the South. 'Tis not yet certain whether it be an Illand, or part of the Continent : Butthelattcr is more prob.ible, becaufe Captain IV^idJa Rogers, who was here in 1709, fays, the Spiiiii.t' d> told him that feveral of their Countrymen had fail'd up tile Straits betwixt it and the Main, as far as Lat. 42. where tl.c) durft venture no farther, becaufe of thediallow Water and many Iilands; which is a general Sign of being near fomc main Land. And DampUr fays, the Spai:i.'iyds, in fome of their late Draughts, join it to tlieCrntinent. Sir /^,7?;ir;'.( Dwte was here in 1579, and was very kindly rtteiv'd by the Natives in that part of the Country, in Lat. j8. where the King, a comely Majcftick Perfon, with warlike Attendants clad ill Skins, met Sir Framis, inverted him with the Sovereignty of the Pieces of Skins, and look'd very coai.l- ami wrinkled ,- and fame had Pearls abtiut their Arms and Necks. 7 iicy liv'd in Huts of Branches of Trees or Reeds, not capable of keeping out Rain, and made Fires in the middle of rncm. They liv'd chiefty on Fifh, which they ftriick very de.\trnufjy with woodden Inftruments; but he faw no other Tackle. They were excellent Divers, had abundance of Deer-Skins, and paid extraordinary Refpedt to one Pcrfonj who had a Cap of Fea- thers on his Head. For I3read, they ground a black Seed, w hich rafted like Coftee; and they had others which tafted like Peafc, Cur- rants, and Goofeberries, and made very good Sauce. Thev did not value Toys, as Glafs-Beads, drc but were very covetous of Knivs, and other cutting Inftruments, for which they gave Fifli ; andvi-i they had what they wanted, would give no more Fifh; and \serc fo lazy, that they would not help his Men ro cut Wood, or fill Water, for any Reward. They had long Bows with Strings of Sill(-Grafs, Arrow s of Cane four Foot and a half long, poinrcd w ith Fifli-Boncs, and Iliot Birds flying. All their cutting Inftruments were made of Sharlre Teeth. The Air was clear and pleafant ; and while he was here, th' i; fell no Rain, but great Dews by Night, when 'twas very cool. T iij Bay had good frefli Water, and Anchorage from ten to twenty five Fa- thom, abundance of Filh and Samphire. Some of the neighbouring Iflands had tall Cedars, with ftore of Fowl, Hares, and a wliolefomo Fruit call'd Pcnquin, as large as a Pullet's Egg. H- Horfe in fcvcral C.in'fon'!, 'ocfidc; Foot, to keep tlittr. fn awe ; that they have contjucr'd about a Imiiilrtd ami Htiy Leaijiics to tlie'w'tl'l but being at a great diitamcliom OU Usuo, the Savages ofren le- volt, bccaiifc thev'kjiow ihc Span, .n-M taiiiiot (pteclil) l)cliipply'U witli frcfh Troops. Our Mapv place this Country betwixt Lat. 28 6~ ^S fcvcn hundred and ten Miles South and Nortli, and feven hiinarcd and feventy Eaft and Wed, where lonqeft, from tlic Straits ot CVi// • fotnia, to tlie Frontiers ot rio,i.la, now'caU'd Loiiiji.uhi. Some divide it into ciRlittcn Pro\ inces, inhabited by People of dirtercnt Lancua^es andCuftoms. Many Places of it are fertile, and produce all our Fruits, beddcs otliers • and here arc likew ifc Mines of Gold and Sil- ver. But there arc fuch wide IJefarts, tli.u the Soldiers and Traiel- lers encamp every Night, and keep flronj,' (Juards, to prevent a Sur- prize by the Savages. 'rra\elleis carry on horfeback Mattralles and Pillows of Leather, whieh at Night they blow full of Wind, and lie upon them, and let it out in the Morning when they pack them up ; for they travel in fomc Plaits fcveral Days without feeing a Cottage ; fo that upon the whole, it feems to be onv of the word Countries in that part ot Nuith /tiiwrica. 'I'he only Places of Note here arc, I, Xmifi F.' (leGiami.li, by others call'd Ni-ji Mexico, the Capital. It lies in Lat. ^I'v Long. 100. is .1 handfome Town, built of Srone, the Seat of the Governor, and the See of a Billiop, Surtragan of yVf.v/iu. ■i- Aiom.t, c\r St. Stephen de /1,ima, Lat. ;<^. Long. 107. a hundred and ten Miles South-weft of SmUa Ft. 'lis Capital of its Province, is pretty large, and built upon a high Rock, to which there's an AfceuC by fifty Steps cut out ot it. III. Old Mexico, or New Spain. IT has Nr.ii Mexico on tlic North, part of the Straits d C.d forr.'a and the r.uifiik S,;t on the Weft, the Gulph of Mexii." and part of the Ail.intick on the Fall, parr of the Pa.ifi'.L Se,i on the Soutl), and the lj}h'Wi\ ot I'jiiam.i, or IXi.icti, on the South-eaft. This Cmmtry is of a vart I-,\tcnt, it bcmg ^750 Miles South-eaft and North-weft from the Gulph of D.uien to the liorders of Alw i^./cv.-.r, bi:t the Breadth very unei^ual, it bcinc; much indented by the Gu!j>hs of D.t- ritn, Hmiiiit.i', and A/i-v/V", on the till. The greateft Drc.idth, from the Straits ot Cilifumtii, to the Gulp ot Ale\ii'^, in L.it. m. is about eight hiMidreil and eitjiity Nfiles; but the reft not proportionable. This is rcrkon'il the belt, as it is the moft famous Partot !V. Ji^us de la< I'alles, ciijhtv Miles Weft o( Tarnpice, is fortiiied, enjoys great Privileges, and^La's a 'I'r.ide in Salt. ?■ A/ v/ai Proper lies South o( Pnnuco, abounds with Corn, Cartel, Fruit, and Filli : But Mr. 6',j?c fays, they are not io nouriiiiing as ours; which is afcrib'd to their Soil's not being to ret^il.irly w.itei'J as ours, fo th.^t the Grafs is (liort, and foon withers.' Tiie Ciiimate is unequal all the K-ar, bein^ hot in the Sun, and cool in thcSiiade, b;ir neither of 'em to lAcefs, fo that it agrees well enoui;li with /•.';- rope.vif. The Natives ciimplain of the cold Mornings, of tlie Hlic at Noon from Ma'ch to July, and of the cold Nights from Nuvc-.id.r till Fb':ary, but £7)(i/>f,ihf think them pkaf.int. Here are thrLe H.u- vcfts in a Vear, orcalion'd by their great Rains at certain Sc.ilo.iSi and their Catrd bring t'ortli iwkc per Ann. Places of Note arc, (i.) Mexico, the Capital of the Province and Empire, Lat. jo, Long. 100. about two hundred .Miles Weft of t:.c Gulnli » f ,4/.'>/, , and two hundred and forty North (torn AcapiiLo, its I\„'. . n the S.i/j 5.',f. The Curious may confult Mr. Ga^e for the Si..tc of the ancient City, that was burnt by the .S/,ii.v'(j»i/j, by which it .Tpi>^..rs to h.-.ve been one of the largell and moft magnificcn: in the \'. ,.;d. W'c refer alfoto him for the Defcriptionot ir-: L.d,cs. v. hiVli tjge..uT are a luindrcd Miles round. The p-e.it Lake is divided ni.j "two Pirts: 'I'hc Water of the Upper iN ivect, v. iiolef vie, snd has m.m. fidi. It runs into the orhcr, whicliis bitter and braikifii, ebbs andiiov. s, has no Filli, fends ttrth peiiilential V.i['Oi,' ,, but boil'd up v. ith S.;I:- Petre, yields good Salt, which is a r ijt Br.'incli of tinir i,.-.(.:e. Thefe Lakes have fcvcral times endaiij.i-r d the City by ln'.:nd.;t;t r-.i, being fwell'd by tl'.c many RiverS chat fall intu ti'.i-m. T,..:e are live Ways into the City by Cauleys and Banks thro tiie Lakes. 'Fiie i\n\ n is fquarc, and the Streets crol's one another fo regularly, tiiat .'le I'i.m of it looks like a Chefs-Boaid. They arc long, wide, and well pa\_'d. 'I'he Compafs of the City is two Leagues, and the Diameter half a League. We can't infift on the Dcfcription of their n-.a^niii- cent and rich Cathedral, the other Churches, Monaueries PaLices, Hofpitals, o'c. butaccording to Gemel/i andGa^e, they exceed .iiiy cning ■ wc'havc in £m-o^v for Ornaments, Plate, and rich V'elfmenrs. 'J'h'c Archbifhop has fourteen Suffragans, whole Tenths amount to ^ifcco Pieces of Eight, and their whole Revenue :o 5:160000. The Cathe- dral had coft lopooo Crowns in i66j, tho not nearfinirli'd. 'l"h; Archbifliop has 60000 Crowns/f)' .^«w. the Dean 11 000, five dignified Priefts 8000 each, tcif Canons 6000, fix Demi-Canons 5000, li\ Half Demi-Canons 5000, four Curates 4000, twenty Chaplains 500, and the other Priefts and Attendants, who are three hundred, have leller Salaries in proportion. 'Fhe Revenues of the Cathedral arc above 300000 Crowns per Ann. Tiie King gives an annua! Allowance out of his Revenue towards carrying on the Strucfurc, and every Perfon in the Diocefe pays half a Rial per Head annually towards it. 'I'he and Mines of Silver, Copper, and Lead ; and Mc eafitcs. The Natives High Altar and its Ornaments is valued at pooo Crowns, and the arc fubtle, treacherous, and lazy ; arm'd with Bows and Arrows j and frecjucntly attack the Spaniard) from the Woods, except where 4. ■Spanijh Officers arc join'd in the Government with their Caciques. % This Country is divided into the feven following Provinces. I. CintJoa, in the North-weft Part of the Country. It has ftore of Cotton and Cattel, is inhabited chiefly by Savages, and the Spaniard! Iia\ e onlv fome fmall Towns. has rich Mines of Silver and Lc id ; Chalice fet with Emeralds at i looo, and the Image of the Virgin ?oooo. Tabernacles for common Saint.i ufually coft loooo Ducats. There's a Coach and four Mules for carrying ihejHoft to the Sick in rich Taber- nacles of Gold or Chryflal. There's a Branch in the Dominicans Cloifter for Candles and Lamps, valued at 400000 Ducats. Here are two and twenty Nunneries, and nine and twenty Monaftcries of the fcvc- ral Orders, all very rich ; bcfides many Colleges and P.triniClirrclies. But 2vlr. Ga^e fays, nothing car., be more fcandalous than the J ives cf I PaMrr^and * i I I 1 J \. Cuuijlm about forty Miles Weft from fli im/V, is about thirrccn Lc:)piic,s roiinil, ;iiul the iliicf P' .iration the L>'.f J; have 'mAnw.u.i The Soil is even, aiul feeiisa t;ood Number of Cartel, which yicKI[;ood Checfe tor Confumption aiul l.xport. It has many Pl.inrations oF Sii!;;tr, and a To vn with a pooii Haibour, a ftroiig Cituiie', and \\ealtliy Menhants. It lies on the North-lule ef the Mani.'. Thc'rown is neath biiilf, and fortified. Tis the Relidente ii( the D^^ h Governor : .-ind t.ilierty oi Ccnfeienre bcins; allow 'd liere, 'tis inhabited by iJutch, Jr.i , .'.nd di\ers (^tlier Nations vlio d'ivc a vatl Trade in E:-,"pc.!>:Gcoi\M out the ll\fi l,::{. Tis a free Port, a Sanflua r)' for Priia- teets; prodii, i s Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, (Jr. as the re(t ; .ind the ni.iu'hl).'u'jii;; bea aboi;nds with Fi(h. It h.is a Hay capable of a htindred Ships; and Trees, whofeBark taAes like Cinnamon. IV. The Spaiii/h Dominions in AMERICA. SvT^ ^' ^-^ ccnfifl of two general Parts, K.- th md South Amt- '^''^XT,\ , ,,:, fcpar.atfd from one another by the Ifihrnw o'i D.rnai . tj T J— 'J i.e Norrii t;ocs inkier the gen(.r.d N'ainc oi M\uc, and [•-,- v"^'':?! '■iie Soiiili iiiider \.\ut c.i Peru ; bat .■vr-'.y, •■--- - — - „... each.- ftliem has many "*""■*■' Siibiiivilions. A ;ij tlio the Sp.ihi.u-.i iiave the Sovereignty of tie ercatei't pjrr, thr;c ..i;.- many Nations over whom they have no lXi:r.ir.;(.n; and tl;c laige Country cif Eiap in South Amt^icu is fubjcttto ti:c i'\:t..i:.ifc. We bt.gi.1 at the N. ithern Parts, where vc have, I. CALIFORNIA. IT lies betviM Lat ;; 7 6' 49 i- abci;r i: So Miles lonp, and joo V hire bruaiitft in the North, but narrow on the South. 'I'is not yet urtaiii whttlitr it be an llland, or part of the Continent : Eut the latter is nioic prob.ible, becaufe Ciptain lllu.h' Roger', vho was here in lyCjj, fays, ibx Sp:ii!i.i d' told him that ieveral of their Countrymen li-c {".lil'i: up tiie Straits bervixt it and tiie Main, as far as Lat. 42. V here thej duru venture n^^ fartiier, becaufe of the fliallow Water and irany ir.and* ; \^hiih is a ptneral Sign of beinp near fome main Land. And DiimfHi fa\s, the >Sr.;. / ;>.i, in fome of their late Draughts, join it to tilt Crntincnr. Sir /:..;..;. Di-.id" was iiere in 1^79, and was \ery kindly rtcti\ 'd by the Nati\ xs in ih.at part of tlie Country, in Lat. 38. where the King, a ceir.ely .Vlajeiiick Peifon, with warlike Attendants clad in Skins, met Sir Frjmi!, inverted him with the Sovereignty of the C.'intry, w iiith Sir Fi,u;tii accepted in Queen El:z.nbitli\ Name, and raird it Nfj. A't>':< n. The King prefented him witli his own Crown cf bcnt:;iful Feathers, curiout'y wrought; and the People were fo cIi.'rTnu w itii the £).,.>'/ 5, that tiicy '.ook'd upon 'em as Angels, and bc- }.',.n to facrince to t!;tm ; but were rcUrain'd. They made 'era Prc- iiiisnf I eathers and Ti'bacco. (:.ipt:.in /i(^o<, who lay a confidcrable time at Cape St. Lucas, in t!.c Sijiirh-weft Part c.i tl-.e Iiland, fays, that Part was mountainous, bar.'-' 11, and Ian Jy, and had nothing but a few Slirubs and Bi.-fties, with fc ual f.ii ts of I j-uit and Ecriics. His Men, who view 'd the Country rftttn Lcagiits further North, found ir covcr'd with tall Trees. The IVi'i Ic about the Cape had laigt Limbs, were ftreigiit, tall, and of a Marker Ccnip!e>.ii n th.in any he had fecn in tlit Svnth Set. The Men V ere naked,iand tlie Women (C\ et'd tlieir ktrct Parts with Leaves or Pieces of Skins, and look'd very coarfe ami nTi'nklcd ; .in;! fime had Pearls about their Arms and Necks. They liv'd in Hursoi Hi.mt lies of Trees or Reeds, not capable of keeping out Rain, and made 1 ires in the middle ol them. 'I hey liv'd chielly on Fifli, which they ftrnck very de.xtrnully witii woodilcn Inflrumcnts; but he faw n.i other Tackle. They were excellent Divers, had abundance of Deer-Skins, and paiil extraordinary Refpcct to one Perfon,- who had a C.ip of I'ea- thcrs en his Head. F"or Urcad, they ground a black Seed, which tailed like Cortce; and they had others which tafled like Peafe, Cur- r.:nrs, and GiK>fiberries, and made very good Sauce. Fney did not ^■aIiieTo}S, as GLifs-Iieads, djc. but were very covetous c( Kniv-, and other ciittin;; Inftrumcnts, for which tlicv g,i\e i-ifli ; andv -n they had what they wanted, would give no more I-Mh , an,! wire fo lazy, that they would not help his Men to cut Wood, or fill Vv'.itcr, for any Reward. Tl'.ey liad long liows with Stiiiigs of Sii^ -Cir.il's, Arrow s of Cane four Foot and a h.ilf long, pointed w ith I-'i(h I'l.ius, and /hot Birds flying. All their rutting Inflnimcnrs w ere nude . : Sh.irl.-s Teeth. J'he Air was clear and plealant ; and while he was h-.rc, there fell no Rain, but great Dews by Night, when 'twas very cool. This Ray had gixid frtfl) Water, and Anchorage from ten to twcnry five Fa- thom, abundance of Filli and Samphire. Some of the iv,-i;.;hl)ourin3 Illands had tall Cedars, with ftorc of Fowl, Hare.s, and a wlioltfomc Fruit cali'd Ptnquin, as large as a Pullet's Egg. II. New Mexico, or New Granada. IT is fo called becaufe difcover'd finrc th-it nam'd Olii AlcxicK. Au- thors diftcr much as to tlic Extent and Qiialities of tiu\ Country. 'J he fir{i Spr.rtrh Difcovertrs, vho were clne(l)Monks, told mighty Things about the Numbcrof large Towns, Inhabitants and rich Mini-<-, they faw here ; but later Authors contrauitt them. (J.'.miL'i, a Poi^di Miillonary, fa) s, that in it ilifcom s'd the Governor of the .V.-a-, who told him, that this Country had be. n but newly ccnqiicr'd ; tliat there rcmain'd liill much more to be fiib- du'd ; that the Natives are fuch dextrous Arclicis, that they can hi' :i Rial tofs'd up into the Air, arc great Lovers of Mules FlefJi, and fre- quently take them from 'Fravcllers, without meddling with the Plate, or ctiicr Goods they carry; that the King of .*-/)..■(« maintaiiis f->-> Hoifc _1 andtlif/',(i//i'.(>.VLV/oii tlicWcd, tlic Culph m /l/i-x;,,' and Pirt ot the Atlaiitnk on the Kail, part ot' the Paa^* .Sm on vhjSoutl.', and the /fill mil' o( l\vmm.t, or Dmicii, on the South-caft. 'I'hisCoiin'"' is of a vaftl'Atent, it being 1750 Miles South-eaft ant North-v from tlic Giilphof D^trien to the Uordcrs of ATfw Afci.vi... Lv:- -.Uc Breadth very uncqiial, it being much indented by the Gii!plr, of D:- fitn, Himdir.\t', and Aff.v/Vu, on the Eaft. The greateft Brcadrh, from the Straits o\ Calijomia, to the Gulp of Mexico, in Lat. 25. is about cipht hundred and ciRlity Miles; but the reft not proportionable, This is rcrkon'il the bell, as it is the moft famous Part of Novih Aniric.i, Tis nam'd from its Capital, 'i'he Air is in moft Places temperate and healthful, the mcft of it lies in the Torrid Zone. 'I'lie Soil abounds with Maiz and excellent I'ruit. And here's (lore of Cattel, particu- larly fine Horfes, wluife Breed rame h-om.S}M(»; and great FiciiKs of Sheep, V hofe Yews brinj; fortli twice .1 Y'e.ir. Here are I'Ifo Mines of Silver, not fo manyas Ml /'ov; but worl; much cheaper. 'I'is alfol'aid they have Ionic Mines , r Ijf !d, great Qiiantitics o( Indiro, Coclii- Ileal, Balm, Cocoa, \ .i.n, vith Silver .nd SLins much valued, ;.rc tr.mlported from iiei. .■ tn f.:',rft: The 5/>,m;,/,-./j- cnqrofs tht; Tr.iil'.- cl tins Country, fori. I Sti.Mi'Misroenter it inulcr\crv grear Penal i'.-s, and even none of tlieir iiwnSi.;)jcvt., b'lt tliofe ot'C.i/h/j and /. v/, arc allow 'd a 'I ivde here. 'I lie native ilfc.v.iom are a little tawny, but veil fliap'il, dextrous, ingenious, and (iiiickly learn the Arts and Mani:f.iLtures intrcdut'd by t!ie Sjuwiardt ; fo that w litre tlicy arc not opprtfsM, tliey live in Afllucnre. But the chief Riches arc in ;iie hands of the Nati\es(if Spain, or tliofe ot Sfmii.h I'.xtraition on both fides; for they don't allow tlicOw/' or Mefli^Ai, one cf v liofe Parents only i-. a .S'p.iiii.ixl, any Poll, Cavil or Military ; fothat they mud have re- <:ourfe to Trade, to which they apply themfches fuccefsfully, notwith- i'tanding the Oppolition they meet with. This Country is divided into three Audiences, or Govern- ments, and each of tiiefc Aibdivided into Provinces. We begin at the North : T. The Audience CifGu.i.lalijara. *Tis fevcn hundred and ten Miles long, and in (ome Places live hundred broad. The Air is for tiie moll part temperate, fo tliat People live commonly a hundred Years ; but »re infcftcd vith Gnaf;, IJugs, and other Vermin. Wheat yields a hundred told, and Mai/ two hundred ; but is frequently deftroyed by I.i-ruils, and Multitudes (>f Pyes no bigger than Sparrows; as their Olives arc by Ants. Here are all forts of Fruit, Herbs, and Roots, better than ours; plenty (,t Suij.ir- Canes and Cochineal ; and Cecs vithout Stings. The Paftures aliouiid with Cattel of all forts, and the Woods with Vcnifon, Pints, and Oal.s, but int'ertcd by Wolves, Scorpions, and Ahiskettoe-;. Here are Pepper, and Medicinal Herbs that cure all Sores ; green Stones rpetitick againfl the Gravel ; excel- lent fcented Mowers; Hedgehogs that live both by Water and Land; and Mines of Silver, Ccpper, ami Lead ; and Marcaiites. The Nati\es are fiibtic, treacherous, and la/y; arm'd with Bow s and Arrows j and frcoucntly attack the .S'pmuauli from the Woods, except where •Sp,iii:j'h Officers arc join'd in the Government with their Caciques. This Country is liivided into the feven iollow ing Provinces. 1. CimJuii, in the North-wcit Part oi the Country. It has (lore of Cotton and Cattel, is inhabited chielly by Savages, and the Spaniards lia\c only fome ("mall Towns. :. Nr.:: PiC.n, Eaft of Cimilm, has rich Mines of Silver and Lead; and warlikeNativcs not reduc'd, who inhabit four Towns encompafs'd wirh Morafles, The Spatiiards have three little Towns, St-B,tibd>a, Si-Jil'ii'i, and £«./«', which they built for defence of the Mines againft tilt Natives. ;. Culuicati, South from Ciiin/vii, has the Straits of Cilifornia on tiic Weft, abounds with Woods, Paftures, a.id Cotton ; lias Silver Mines and Salt Ponds, w ith fome Spanijb Towns and Farms for defence of 'cm ; and there's plenty of good FiHion the Coaft. 4. Zuatans, or the Kingdom of A^i-u' (7d//;W.z, Eaft of Cn//'iii-.w, and South of Nev! Bifaiy, has the rirhcft Silver Mines in the Country, and plenty <'f Corn, F'ruit, Woods, and Deer. The Capital Ziu.t- tf(i'.\ fo call'd from the Natives, is in Lat. 24. Long. 104. has rich Mines in tlic Neighbourhood, a llrong Garifon, and hvc lumdrcd Fa- .'' J'-'adc ill Salt. jii uppuiiiniii \ .11,1 ,^r^!^9n^^^mf^^^'^m quj, is tortilitd, enjoys gieat Prniltjts, aiul :■ M vn.' Prorcr lies South of Pmuco^ abounds with Corn. Cattel, Fi-uit, and Fi'ii! But Mr. o'.v^ fays, they arc not lo noiiriiliiug as ours; which is ahrib'd to the:.' Soil's not being (^ rcguLitly \\.itei'd as ours, fo rh.it the Gri'fs is fliort, and foon withers. 'Fiie CiUmatc Is unequal all the K-ar, bcin^ hot in the Sun, and cool in the Sliade, but neither of 'em to Excets, fo that it agrees well enouc;!! witli Ef YOpeain. The Natives complain of the cold Mornings, of the He it at Noon from Mnnb to July, and of the cold Nights from Nuve:!ii:r till Fil/nmi) ; but EmoptaM think them plcafint. Here are tha-: H.n- vefts in a Year, occalion'd by their great Rains at certain Scilonsj and their Cattel bring forth twice per Aim, Places of Note arc, (i.^ Mexico, the Capital of the Province and Empire, Lat. jo. Long. too. about two hundred Miles Weft of ux (inlpli i f Ah.i..-, and two hundred and forty North from Acapiiho, its [\,/. . n tlit S,:.ih Sea. The Curious may confult Mr.C/^e for the Si.«ic of the antienc City, that was burnt by the .">/;rM//rt>-(/., by which it.Tpi'c.rs to have been one of the largeft and moft riagniticciit in the V. ..!d. Wc refer alfo-to him for the Defcriptionrt if Lakes, v. hieh togc.iicr are a hundred Miles round. The p'cat Lak: is divided in.o two Pins: 'I'he Water of the Upper i- ivcct, ",iiolefo"ie, .•'nu has m.nn, Filli, It runs into the otlitr, vhichis bittt- ami bruikifii, ebbs and'llr.ws, has no Fifli, fends furth peltilcntial Vai. .1 s , but boil'd iip v. irh S.;l:- Petrc, yields good Salt, whitli is .i . if t Bianrli cf tiicir i .ale. Theft Lakes h.nc ftvcral times cndant.^r'd r'leCity b;, Iiv.indaticns, being fwtU'd by the many Rivers chat fall into -ixm. 'i ...:•.• aie five Ways into the City by Caulcys and Banks thro tii • Lakes. Tiie I'tiwn is fqiiarc, and the Streets nols one another fo rcgiilarl}', tiiat I'je I'l.in of it looks like a Chtfs-Board. They are long, wide, and well pa\_'d. Tlic l^mpafs of the City is two Leagues, and die Diameter half a League. We can't inlitt on the Dci'cription of their magnili- ccnr and rich Carliedral, the otlicr Churches, Monaaerie-, P.:i.Res, Hofpitals 6"''- butaccording to Gemel/i andff.j^t-, they exceed .;ny thing we'havc in £/H-o/v for Ornaments, Plate, and rich V'ehmcnrs. The Archbiflinp h.ns fourteen SuH'ragans, whofe Tenths amciint to sifoco Pieces of Eight, and their whole Revenue :o jiCoooo. Tiie Cathe- dral had colt 135:000 Crov ;„, -n 1667, tho not near finilh'd. Th; Archbifliop has <5ocoo Crowns^c*- Aim. tlic Dean 1 1000, hve dignified Pricfts 8000 each, terf Canons 6000, lix Demi-Canons jooa, li^Hait Demi-Canons ;ooo, four Curates 4000, twenty Chaplains 503, and the other Prit'ls and Attendants, who arc three luindrcd, have Itll'er Salaries in pro lortiyn. The Revenues of the Cathedral arc above 500000 Crow per Attn. The King gives an annual Allowaiije out of his Revcn .^ towards carrying on the Structure, and every Peifon in the Diocefe pays half a Rial per Head annually towards it. Tho High Altar -.nd its Ornaments is valued at 50000 Crowns, and the Chalice fet t* ith Emenilds at 1 1000, and the Image of thcVirgin ?oo3o. TabernacI' s for common Saints iifually coft loooo Ducats. There's a Coach a? d tour Mules for carrying thejHoft to the Sick in rich Taber- nacles of Gold or Chryftal. There's a Branch in the Dow/n.'eanf Cloiftcr for Candles and Lamps, valued at 400000 Ducats, Here arc two and twenty Nunneries, and nine and twenty Monaftcrics of t!;c fcvc- ral Orders, all very rich ; belldcs many Colleges and P.'.riil". C'i'.;rchc.s. But Mr. Giixe favs, nothing can. be more fcandalous tli.'.n tiv.- 1 ives cf the Clcrjgy and Nuns. Here arc reckon'd feven hundred Pal ic. , ; and thofc of the Archbifliop and Viceroy may vie w ith any of thofc cry'd up by the Antients. The Town-Houfe conlifts of nine Courts, has a large Garden, and a fpacious Place for their Bull-Fcafts, with Places for the Mint, the Royal Prifon, and Foundery for Bells and Cannon. The chief Market is \ cry fpacicus, has a Pi. '//a, where the People walk in time of Rain, with rich Shops of Silks .inJ, 3tuH's. The Gold Smiths Street, next to the Market, is very beautiful, where a Man, as he pafles by, may fee many Millions in Gold, Silver, and Jew els. The chief Place for the Recreation of the Citizens i"; a plc.if.mt fliady Field, call'd ALvm.Jo, full of Trees and Walks. 'Tis common in an Aftcrnoi n t j fee looo Coaches here, w ith Gallants of both .'^rxcs. Tiiof: t \ Ii I ! I ; Ii I ! f ■^^ m -0* Thoff of Qtialityare nfiially attended by fix or twelve Blacks, vith Swoiils, in lic-h Livtries lac'd with Gold and Silver; and the Ladies attiiideil by Female l!lail(s, who walk by their Coaches richly dreiVd. Qiuimls v.vd Murders iiaprc'i licre trcmicntiy on the account of AmiMiv. ; and if Murderers ifiapc to a Clluircli or Monaftcry, they arc f.ii'e. Moft of tiic Inhabitants arc extravagant in their Apparel ; and t\cn the Blark Female Slaves go as rich and gay as Ladies, and art often prtfcrr'd by their lend Mailers before their Wives. ThcV'iccrov here is ufnally a Spanijb CJrandcc : He has the power of placing and Jifplacing tlie Ciovcrnors of the neighbouring Countries, vho pay him well. I he King allows him loiroo Ducats per Aiimm ; but by cngrcding Trade, and other Methods, he commonly makes it vortlia Million; and tho his Coramilfion be but for five Years, he calll}' gets it pioloiufd b) bribing the Courtiers at Madrid. There are many rinc Palaces, Country-Scats, and Monafterics in the Ncii;hbourhooii, one partuularly, call'd the Defurt, tho the pleafant- cft Plaee in the Pro' nue, where the bare-footed OirwWm-j have a Cloiller npcn a Hill rurronnelcd with Rorks, in which they have dug Caies lor Oraione.', and Places of Penance, to make the People admire their Mortification. The Friars of the Order in the City come hi- ther by turns ivcry Week, and they live in the greateft Luxury by the Prefents of Provi(ions, Money, Plate, and Jewels, made to their Churches. He.'e's a Cloifler for fifty two Monks, where the Provin- cial Chapter is held. They have Gardens with the bcft Enropt/m Fruit in the Coimiry, which, belides their other Fruits, and what they eat, yields tliem i ?ooo Cro\^ns per Amtum. The Indofure belong- ing to this Monaflery is fevcn Leagues round, cncompafs'd by a high Stone Wall, wir.'i a River running tliroit, and has many Mountains .ind Woods that abound w ith Deer and Beafls of Prey, kept for Plea- fure. (z-) A;:pnLc, on a. Yiiy of the South Sen. 'Tis the chief Mart on that C^wd, al'i "" two hundred and forty Miles South from Mexico. The Hocf;. .ire forry Huts of Mud, Timber, and Straw, and the Place iciy i:ni.ealtlit'i:' fiom the end oi' Noventte, till Mij, during which Time il'cy have no Kyn , and 'tis as w arm here in Jawntr), v hen the Fair bc- v'ti', is i\\ the D.ig-Days w ith us; f > that t'lc Merchants muft do their i'liliniA in the Morning. And when rheF'air is oicr. every body leaves i.'h' Pljre, but a few Bi.icKs a.'ui Mulattccs. Here's nothing good but .1 fafc w jndirig Harbour, defentled by a hig'i ftrontrvJafilc, and aPlatform well mounted with large K'r.ils Guns, and fmall Garifons to pro- ttet the Ships. The Harbour is capaole it fonu Hundreds of Ships ; and the NJoutli of it rover'd bv an Iiiand, on both fides of which Vellels come in and j;o out fafely W. Sea and Land Winds, which fucceed one another alrernately hi their proper Seafons. A League further Eafl, there's a ^ovd Hai bour rall'd Pert MarqJ', w here Ships iromPern land Contraband G^ods, and fell 'tm privately. The fettled Trade at /.ciipuLo i'^ carried on by three Sliips, two of w hich go once a Year be- tw i.\t this Place and Manila, one of the Philippine Idands, and another toandfrom Z.;'wr! in Pen4, of twent}' Guns, which commonly arrives bclore r/"-y/'«(7; w ith Qiiiclifilver, Cocoa, and Pieres of Eight, flays till the ilf(/«;7.j Ships arri\e, and then returns with £h/?-/«(/;Vj Commo- dities. Tlie Ships that trade to linila arc commonly of a thoufand Ton, well mann'd, and moimtcd with many Guns. They make the Voyage alrcrnatcly; fet out from Acapttlco the beginning of April, and arri; e at M.imli in June ; and when the one arrives, the other fets out. They commonly carry ten Millions of Dollars from Acapuico, and maliei;reat Returns. (^^.) PiiJinui. Gi'nu'lli places it fi.xty Miles North of Mxka ; and fays, that witln'n fi\ Leagues of it there are a thouland Silver Mines, one of tlicm call'd the Tniiiiv, where a thoufand Men are employ'd every Day, fromvhcnrc, in ten Years time, they dug forty Millions of Sil- ver ; but feme ot :.'»> fc Mines w ."re wore out, and others dangerous to w ork. The third Province is Aff I /w,7frtH, betwixt A/fXfVo and the SsmASm. Tlie Climate i>.liot en the Coaft, and cold in the Mountains. It pro- duces C.jcoa, Ca/Tia, Cotton, Siil;, Ambergreafe, Mines of Gold, Sil- ver, and Ccpper, Mulberry-Trees, Honey, and Wax. Here arc black fln'ning .Stones which ferve for Looking;- GlafTes, and abundance of Medicinal Plants, of which one, call'd Olcacnan, is rcckon'd a Specifick againft all Poifons, and a Reftoratiic in Weaknefs. The Soil yields a hundred-fold. The Mountains arc cover'd with Woods, from whence Lions and Tygcrs infeft the Coimtry. This Province is populous, anil has a hundred.and fifty Boroughs, j^fides Villages, The Capital, MiJioiicaiiy in Lat. 20. Long. 103. is theSee of a BiJhop, and lies on the Weft-fide of a Lake almoft as large as that of Mexico, which abounds with Fifb, and brings the Inhabitants great Profit. Here are fcvcral Towns for defence of the Mines, and Roads and Harbours on the South Sea. The chief are, (i.) Acatlan, or Zacatula, which iias a good 1>adc. (2.) Niuividad, whence Ships go to the Philipliiic Illands. (5.) CoHma, a large rich Town, to which this ferves as a Port, lies in a Valley that is the moft plelfant and fruitiid in Mexico, w h.ere there is a Vulcano with two (harp Peaks, which con- flantly fend out Flame and Smoke. The fourth Province oi'tlafuila lies Eaft and South-eaft from that of Mexico, and reaches from the North to the South Sea. *Tis very popu- lous; and the W/Vj/k, dys Acofta, .ire free from Tribute, becaufethey aHiflcd the .'Spaniards to conquer Mexico. It abounds fo with Paftures and Corn, that 'tis rerLon'd the Granary of America. Here's plenty e River here is not fortified ; fo that fmall VefTcIs might eafily fail up and fubdue the Country. The beft Choco- late and Atolle in America is made here by the Nuns, and exported to Spain. In a neighbouring Valley there are many rich Towns, Cloiftcrs, and Ciiurches, an excellent Breed of Horfes, and great Herds of Black Cattel and Sheep, which aHbrd Wool to the Clothiers of Los An- gtlos, and Hides for Spain, The beft Preferves in America are alfo made here ; for there arc many Sugar-Farms, and ftore of Fruit. The Creolian Clergy here arc as great Enemies to the Spanijh Clergy as tho original Americans. Cj.) Amiquera, a great Town, ninety Miles South-eaft from Gisaxaca. 'Tis the See of a Bimop, and has a ftately Cathedral. (4.) AqtMtulco, at the bottom of a Bay that comes up from tho South Sea, ninety Miles South-eaft from Antiqufra, is one of the bcft , Ports in Mexico, frequented by Ships that trade to Peru. ' Twas for- merly a great 'I'own, was taken and plunder'd by Sir Fraticis Drake, and afterwards by Sir Tlhomas Cavindijl), but is now dccay'd. (5.) Tecoantepeque, on the fame Coaft, at the bottom of the Bay, a hundred Miles South-eaft from Aquntulco. 'Tis a large well built The Spanifli Dominions in thoje Tarts. fiill of Lions, Tygers, wild Hogs, Deer, Rabbits, Apes, Polecats, and Skjuirrcls. I'nc only 'low n oi Note is TabafiO, or Viitoria, fo cal- led becaiifc the Sfaniiir.ii obtain'd a great Victory here over the Na- tives. It lies in an llland at tlic Moutli ot' a River, on the Bay of Campciuh), ninety Miles Eaft frcm .'•pimo S,in[lo. Cage fayv, that by this River the Country might l>e catily fiibducd, as far as the SouthSea, which is very fruitful ; and the Valleys on both fides the River abound with Black Cattcl, and thofc call'd Mountain Cows, or Dantes. The feventh Province is Chiapa, whicli lies South iromTiil/nfio, and 253 Places of Note are, (1.) St.Julm lUGn.uiimLt, tlic Capital, I.at. \.\. Long. 19. It Ibndi near the Ruins of the old City of the fame KaiiK', wliitli the Upaiii.irdi fay wasruin'dby a Flood of Waters that illucJ inm a nei^libiUiring Vulcano, upon theBlafphemyof a i'/^iw/y/j Gcntlrwoman, v ho loll her Husbaj d in J Battel, and all iier Children by natural Deaths, in one Year. O.ige fays, on one (idc of the Town there's a Vulcano nine Miles high, vhich abounds with pleaHuit Springs, Gardens, Fruits, and F'lowers ; and on the other lidc, another as dreadful, which vomits out Fire and Smoke with the Noife of Thunder and terrible Roarings, South-eaft irom Guaxaca. It abounds with Oaks, Pines, Cedar, Myrrh, by which the old City was defiroy'd j and the new one is frequently Cyprefs, and otherTreesthat yield good Rolin, precious Gums, and Bal- fams of feveral forts. Trees whofe Fruit tallis lilve Pepper and Cloves, Cabbage-Trees, and one, whofe Leaves cure all Ulcers. Here's plen- ty of /v(ro/iM» Birds, and others unknown to us, good Horfes, Goats, Sheep, Rabbits, wild Hoes, and a Bcaft call'd Taquarin, with a Bag under its Belly, iu which it carries fevcn or more of its yount;. Here are many poifonous Serpents, and Hearts of Prey. Some of their Serpents arc eaten by the Natives, who like them as wxll as Vcnifon. Gage fays, 'tis a very large Province, has many fine C!itit.., is of great importance to the 5y>.M;Vir(yj, and ought to be well fortilicu, be- caufe it might be eafily fubdii'd by Ships on the Rivers 'T-ibiijlo ..nJ Puerto Real. It has a great Trade wicJi the neighbouring Proiinccs, chieRy in Cochineal. Places of chief Note arc, I. Chiapa lie loi IiiJei, Lat. 17. Long. 9;. It lies in a Valley near the River 7(/i.i/lD, is the See of a Bifliop, and was that of the famous Bartholomew de la< Cj/^//, who wrote an Aicount of the Cruelties of the Spatiiardi in the ll'ejl Iiiciiet, complain'd ot it to the Court oi Madrid, and pet the People of this Country great Privileges, and Exemption from Slavery. It is very large and rich, and has many fineCloifters and Churches. The River abounds with Fifli; and no Town has rt. The Air is fomcwhat hot. The Soil pnxiurcs ftore of Corn, and ditferent forts of Fruits. It abounds alio with Dcalls, Fowls, Honey, and Wax ; and on the Coaft there are found great Pieces ci Amber. Here are many excellent Ports, near which the /iidi.ii:i build their Houfes. Places of Note are, (i) Meiida, Lat. :o. Long. 87. about the middle of the Peninfula, and is the ice of a Bidiop. (i-) P'iiL'adolid, a hundred and five Miles South-eaft from Merida, near the Gulph of Honduras- Some make it alfo the See of a Bilhop. (■;.) Cimpeaihy, or St. fiancifco, lies near the Mouth of a River which falls into the Bay of that Name, almoft two hundred Miles South-weft of Me, ili. 'Twas a large Tow n of three thoufand Houfes when taken by the Spaniards ; and had fuch Monuments of Art and Induftry , as prov'd the People to have been polite. It was furpriz'd by Ciipuin Parker, an Ei:g/ijhman, in ijpiS, when he carried off the Go- vernor with fome others of Quality, and a large Ship with Gold and Silver. It was alfo taken by the Englijh in 1659, aiid 1678. The Port is large and (hallow , and is noted for a Trade in Campeachy Wood. Tis the See of a Bifhop, and the Seat of a Governor ; has a Rampart with great Guns, and a Dock, and a Fort at one end, which com- and North from Gmtimala and Nicaragua, along the Gulph of Hi mands the Town and Harbour. 'Tisftill ahandfome Town, andftore duras. The Air is generally good, and the Soil rich in Corn ai of Logwood grows in the Neighbourhood. There are abundance of Beeves in their Savannahs, and'Fifliand Fowl of all forts on the Coaft. There are feveral Illands in the Bay ; and among others, one called Btef-Ifle, becaufe the S^attrjh Farmers there us'd tofurnifli the Privateers with Beeves. IIL The Audience of Guatimala lies Eaft from Soconufco, upon the South Sia, as far as the Iflhmus of Darien. 'Tis in general a fruitful Country, abounds with good Pafturcs and Cattcl, and is divided into the following Provinces : I. Suchutipeques, which is of the fame Nature with Soconufco. 'Tis fmall, and has only one Town o{' its own Name, near the Mouth of hll'd with fiery Afhes, tho it be three Miles diltant. The Town is mean; lias but one Parilh-Chuicli, but fcvoral Cloifters belonging to divers Orders. Tis the See of a Bifliop, and the Seat of the Spaiiijh Government, whicli conlills of a Prclident, fix Jiidges, and other Officers, He has as much Power as the Viceroys ot Mexico and Peru i and tho he has but lijo-o Ducat- pir Am:, from the King, he mav raife it to what Sum he picafes by iJiiLies and Traf- fick. One of them, he fays, in fourteen Years time railed an Eftate of le. t-ral Millions of Ducats. The Judges grow likewifo very rich 1), letting Murderers and other Criminals elcape for Bribes. The Dum iiii.au Cloider here is (o rich, that tlieir Treal'iiry is w orth looooo IJiic. s, and their annual Re\enue 30000. The Nunnery of tiie C"«- (f/.7/i//i conlills of loQo Women, including Servants and Scholars ; and they recci\e none but what bring from 501 to loco Ducats into the Stock. Mr. G.i^^e fa\ s, the Wealth of the Place has nude the Inha- bitants as vicious as thofc of Mexico; fo that Adultery, Fornication, i7c. are fcarre reckon 'd Crimes. The Town conlifted in f/.;i;f's time of 7000 Families ; and had fo g^eat a Trade both by Land and Sea y\\xh Europe, that there were Inc Merchants worth 520000 Ducats apiece, and many others from 20000 to looioo. {1) Petapla, fifty Miles South-eaft from Guatimala, on the fame River, a large rich Town, the Scat of a Governor, and a Place of great 1 rade. The Governor is alw ;iys chofc out of a Family call'd G:n.- tiiaii, defcended from the anticnt Kings of the Country ; and tho he lives in great State, is not alluw'd to wear a Sword, nor to act :i]iy thing without the Confcnt of the chief 5;M,.7,j Frier, upon whom he is oblig'd to attend. There's a great Lake in the Neighbourhood, which fupplies them withFifhi and on the Sides of it Salt appears every Morning like a Froft, of which they makjc great Profit, iisthcy do of rich Sugar-Farms ; and hot Baths about five Miles diftant ; and by i;razing ot Mules upon the fait Soil about the L.tke. The only Port o( Note here is Trinidad, or La Soafua.ne, on t!ic South Sea, fif-y five Miles South-eaft oi' Pttapla. Tis the chief Place of Trade betwixt Neu: Spain and Pe,u, and the ncareft Landing-place to Guaii lala from /'.«;, iw.i and Ma/k); fo that 'tis much t'reqaented. There are three Vulcano's m the Neighbourhood, and good Ancho- rage on the Coaft. The third Province is rera Pax, North-eaft from Guatim::!a Proper. 'Tis mountainous and w oody, fubject to Earthquakes and Thunder. It rains here nine Months in a Year, and the uneomiuc'd lidiain in- habit the greateft part of it, and have a Town of inoo inhabitants. Their chief Commodities are Achiotte, Liquid Amber that drops from Trees, and is much eftcem'd, Maftick, Dragons-Blood, Cocoa, Cotton -Wool, Honey, Calha-Fiftula, Sarfaparilla, Gum A:iim.r, China Wood, with other Drugs ; Maiz, Wax, and Feathers, oi which the Indiam make curious Works. Here arc Trees and Canes of a w on- dcrful height, and Iron-Wood. Here are abundance of Dantes, Tygers, and Rofs-Lions, which lleep by Day on high Trees, Bears, Leopards, Armadillo's, Hogs, w ild Goats, and Apes. "Tis poiern'd by a High- Juftice fent from Spam, but fubordinate to the Court of Ga.iiirnala. The Capital is Coli.m, ort'coi Paz., Lat. i6. Long. 8y. noted only for being the Seat of the Government. The only Sea-Port is GolfidtiLe, or St. Thomas de CaJliUa, on tlic bottom of a Gulph which comes from that oi Honduras, almoft a hun- dred Miles Eaft of Vera Paz.. I'he Entrance is betwixt two Rocks, and might ealily be defended. 'Tis large enough within for a thou- fand Ships. Two or three Vell'ek come hither in July or A:ig:i/l with Goods from Spain and embark thofc from Guatimala, of which great Quantities are lodg'd here in July, Augufl, and Semember. The Air is unwholefome, fo that 'tis little frequented; and tis defended only by an old Caftle. The fourth Province is Hondurai, or Comiagua, Eaft ivom ye>a Paz, in- nd Pafturage, occafion'd by the over-flowing of the Rivers about Mi- chaelmas, which the Natives carry by Canals into their Fields. In ma- ny Places they have three Crops of Maiz in a Y'ear. They have alfo ftore of Wheat, Honey, and large Calabafhcs. The Natives live chiefly on Roots, Flefli, Vermin, Cocoa, and a Drink made of Honey. Here ai;e alfo fome Mines of Silver and Gold. Places of Note are, (i.) Comiagua, Lat. 14. Long. 87. which the .Sl>/;V/. Tis the See of a Bifhop, the Seat of a Governor, is well built, and has Silver Mines in the Neighbourhood, which keep a Melting-Houfo always employ'd. (j.) Porto die CavaBos, on a Bay that comes up from the Gulph oiHon" tlicy I'.ir, yields tlicni i ?ooo Croynni per Annum. '1 he Incloliirc belong- ing to this Nfonafttrv iv fcvcit Leagues round, cncompafs'J byaliJRli w"'tw:if V. ,1.., ' ir",'...!,, ■ .; . ;., i;iJ .".-> ilUilj MuiiHiU.uj anil Woods that abonnd with Deer and Beads of Prey, kept for Plc»- li.rc. (j.) /fcirpiil.o, cim IViV of the South Sen. Tis the chief Mart on that Cr.ift, ;i!i '• tvohimdicd and forty Miles South from Mexice- The Hmfi irc (orivHiits of Nfud, Timber, and Straw, and the Place Cjchcdrul is fumptuoiis and rich, tlic Kcvcnuc bcini; i'itcis t \ciy iinliciitlifcl fiom tlu- end of November till Mij, during which Time ik'\ li.a c no Riim , nnd 'tis an:tli of it rovcr'd bv an lilund, on botli fides of which Vellcis icmc ill ai-.dro out fafcU l>y J>ca and Land Winds, whicli fuccecd one another ulrLiiiatcly in tluir proper Seafons. A League further tall, there's a gocd Hai bour callM Pnt Ma;-q:.i\ where Ships from Perii land Contraband d'ods, and fell '«m priiately. The fettled Trade at Ai.ipiili is I .'.rricd on by three Ships, two of v Iiirh go once a Year bc- tv ixt this Place and Miti.l.u own oi the Pb.lippme lilands, and another to and fioiii /./»«/ in Aw, of twentv Guns, \»h;ch commonly arrives bclorc r/' 'y^iMf \s ith Q[iicl lilver, tocoa, and Pieces of Eight, flays till the Miuf/a Ships arri\c, and then returns with Eiift-India Commo- diiics. The Ships that trade to Mjnila are commonly of a thoufand Ton, veil mann'd, and mounted \sith many Guns. They mahe the Voyage alternately; ftt out from Ac.ipiUu the beginning of April, ami ar!i\ e at M.iinl.i in June ; and when the one arrives, the other lets out. They commonly carry ten Millions of Dollars from Acapnko, and mala\k;rcat Returns. (^,.) Fii'jiuut. drnWi places it (ixty Miles North of Afexito ; and fays, that vithin (i\ Leagues of it there are a thoufand Silver Mines, one of them call'd the r^iiiin; where a thoufand Men are employ'd every Day, from v hcnrc, in ten Years tim^ , thc\ dug firty Millions of Sil- \er; but fonic of tliife Mines v ere wore out, and others dangerous to V orlt. I'lie third rro\inrf is y^fn/'-'ji-JM, lictwivt Afcx/f) and thcSmhSt.t. 'M-c CUnMtc IS hot 1 11 the C'oaP-, and cold in the Mountains. It pro- li'.ices Cocoa, (.aiTia, Cotton, Sillv, Ambergreall, Mines of Gold, Sil- \er, and (' 'pper, Mulberry-Trees, Hiinc}, and Wax. Here arc blaci; fliining Stones which ferve for LooUng (ilafies, and abundance of Mulicinal Plants, of which one, call'd Oh:K.n.ait, is reckon'd a Speciricli againft all Poifons, and a Rertorati\e in Weakncfs. The Soil yields a hundrcd-h^ld. Tl. V jiitains are cover'd with Woods, from V hence Lions and Tygers infeft the Coiintry. This Province is populous, and has a Inindred.and fifty Boroughs, j^lides Villages. The Capital, MJ<\uiv:, iiiLat. :o. Long. Io^ is the See of a Bifhop, and lies on the WeH-fidt of a Lake almoli as large as that of Mexico, which abounds with Fifh, and brings the Inhabitants great Profit. Here arc fcvcral Towns for defence of the Mines, and Roads and Harbours on the .SV'/f A i>(j. The chief are, (t.) Aiailan, OTZtitatttta, which has a good Trade, (:.) NiUi-vidad, whence Ships go to the PhilippiM Illands. (j.) Colima, a large ieli Town, to which this fervts as a Port, lies in a Valley that is the moft pleafant and fruitfiil in Mexico, where there is a Vulcano with two fharp Peaks, which con- flantly fend out Flame and Smoke. The fourth Province oiTl.ifiala lies Eafl and South-caft from that of Mexico, and reaches from the Korth to the &«/A Sen. "Fis very popu- lous; and the /«.7/rtKf, Ciys Accft.i, .ire free from Tribute, bccaufe they alliflcd the Spaniard' to conquer Mexico. It abounds fo with Paftures and Corn, that 'tis rerl.on'd the Granary of Amerim. Here's plenty cf Wine, Sugar, Cattel, Venifon, Fowl, fevcral Mines of Silver, Copperas, and Allum. Here's alfo Manna, Liquid Amber, and a fragrant Gum that drops from Trees, and great Q^iantitics of Co- chineal. Places of Note are, (i.) J'tuiCriiz, or St.yohideVIvn, on the Bay of Afrx/Vo, Lat. 19. Long. 97. 'Tis the moft noted Harbour in the Province, defended by two Forts and 3 Caftlc; but the Entry is dangerous without a Pilot, becaufc of Rods and Qiiickfands. The Air is unwholefome ; fo that ;is foon as the Flora is g.ine, the rielier fort retire to the Country with tlu'ii Etfedts, and leave only Blacks and Mulattoes. Here's but one PariOi Church, and fevcral Convents for Men and Women. The .^rt- nijl.' Flora comes hither once in three Years with Goods from Acafuko, being fir(\ brought to Mexico, and from thence hitlier by Land. I'hc Eight per Annum. The Jcfuits have alfo a rich College here: and all .:.-: C: lK,a,.JMjn:!.'kr:\ : ; -r'.l^, .;k!ov 'J. (4.) Tlafcnlii, Capita! of the Pro> ince, twenty li\ Miles North from Loi Angilo>. 'Tis the Sec of a Uiihop, was large, well built, had 3 fpacious Markct-Flacc much frequented, and a noble I'own-Houfe. The Tow n is govern 'd by an Alcaldi Major, fent once in three Years from Spain ; and has Jurifdiftion for twenty Leagues round the 'I'own. Thefc Governors, by their Tvranny, have red'ur'd the Town to a Village, and in a manner laid waflc the neighbouring Country. The fifth Province is Gunxmit. It lies Eaft and South-eaft from tl.ifctib, and reaches from the Bay of Camfeach) to the South S,,/. 'the Air is good, and the Soil fruitful, efpccially in Mulberry Trees (.» that it produces more Si k than any Province in .4men,a. It alxiunJi with Corn, Cattel, Sugi<-, Cotton, Honcv, Cocoa, Plantanes, and other Fruits. Here are rich Mines of Gola and Silver ; and all their Rivers have Gold in their Sands. But the Natives ( oiucal their Mines all they can, bccaufe the Sfaniards ufe them as SU\es r>< work them. CalTia, Cochineal, Chryllal, and Copperas, do liktwife abound here; fo that were the People induftrious, they might be the nclielt in the IVtfl Indies : But they are cat up by their own Sloilu.ilncfs, and by the Clergy, who have a hundred and twenty Monaltcrie* here, beiidcs feveral Holbitals, Schools, and other Places ( f piibluli Charity ; fo that the J,iJiiiiii fublift chietJy by Gold w iiicii the Women gather in the Rivers, with which they purchafe Provilions. Curiolities of Nature in this Country are, i. A poifonous Herb, which is faid to kill tliofe w ho pluck it according to the time of its own Age, i. e- if it be a Day old, he dies the fame Day, and fo in pro- portion, i. A high Mountain that has a firange Cave, with a n.ir- row Entrance; within whith there's a large Souare, with Steps down to Pits on one Side, and near them a crooked Way for a League long ; and at the end of it a fpacious Place, w ith a good Fountain and a Brook. ). Anothercall'd .9». ><«0H/«i, on the top of which there's a Rock, and Caves inhabited bv Indium. 4 Six Rtvks call'd De- iiotei, formerly garifon'd by the Rings of Mexico. Tliey have Mines of Gold and Lead, and a Root that waflies like Soap. Places ot Note are, (t) Sfir!to.Sani}o, at the Mouth of a'Rivcr that falls inrothe Bay of Campeachi, Lat. 18. Long, p^ It has fifty lndiiui Towns under it, and w as built by the Sfaniards to curb the Natives. (2.) GiuxiH.i, Capital of the Province, about three hundred and forty Miles South-w eft of Spirito SmHo. 'Tis the See "f a I'llhoj^, the Seat of a Governor, has four Convents of Monks d two ol Nuns, all very rich ; the Treafure of the Dimimcam Chui ters in 1687, who drove t\\c Spaniards from their Intrenchments, and from an Abbey w liich is like a Fort, and com- mands the Town. The fixth Province, Tainfct, lies Eaft from (r»fix.ir/>, upon the Bay of CamteaJiy. 'The Air is moift for nine Months, when they have great Rains ; and during the hot Seafou, which lafts three Months without Rain, People are infiefted with Gnats, and other troublefoinc Infe£fs. Here are three or four Harvefts of Maiz in a Year, pleuu oi Rice, Barley, Vines, Figs, Lemons, and Oranges, all forts of Gar- den Herbs, and European Fowl, befides others unknow n- The Coafts abound yni\^ Ftlb j and here arc great Woods of Cedar, Brolil, &c. flifl s _ h Puerto R^aI. 1l Iuv j grtac IVaJc vsiUi tlie ncigiiljoui iiiij I'luuuti^, chicHy in Cochineal. Pl.irrs iif rlilrf Note are. I. Chlnfailt hi Indii, Lat. 17, Long. 9^ It lies iit « Valley n»ir the River 7(/i.i/io, is the Sec of 3. Bift) )p, ami was that ot' the tainons Biirthnhmevi de la< Ctfn, who w rote an Account of the Cruelties of the Si.tiiiiirdt in the ll'eji fiidiei, lomplainM of it to the Court of M.iJnJ, and pet the People of this Country great I'rivilcgcs, and Extmptic from Silvery. It is very lari»i' and ricli, and has many fineCloiftcrs and Churches. The River abounds with I-iOi; and no Town has fu many Dons of Ai '•.,« FJIood as this. I. Ciud.tl Re.tl, or Spawjh Chinpa, lies about forty Miles South-caft of the other, is the Si it of a Court of Jufticc, the Sec of a Hifhop, who has Hnoo Purats fer Annum, and has feveral Monafteries. Their rhicf Trade is inCoioa, Cotton-Wool, Su(;ar, Cochineil, and fmall Pedlars Wafc The Friers are the chief Merchants for EiiropcMi Goods, and t he richcft Men in City and Country. The Spawi'^j Gentry here are a Proverb for their fantaftick Pride, Ignorance, and Poverty. They all pretend to be deftcnded of Sfani/h Dulles that conquer'J the Country. One of the tliicf ask'd Mr. '7',!;.' very ferioully, ulieilier the Sun and Morn v ere of the fame Colour in Ett?Jiutd as mere i .iiid if thv Enxlijh were Cannibals, or had fuch a dainty Difll is Frixoks, wliirh is no better than Grey-Peafe. The eighth Priivinrc is Socottiifco, which lies South (torn Cf'iiiptt, to the South St. I. 'i'he Air is extreme hot, fubjctt to Thunder and Light- ning, and the Country produces nothing but fomc Indico, Cochineal, CociU, ant! other Materials fn Ciiocolate. SoiOnufcc, the chief Town, lies near the South S,.i, a hundred and ten Miles South from C/jiapa, and is the Se.it of a Spiitijh Governor. 'I'he nintli Proviiu c is Tuuii.w, which lies in form of a Pcninfula be- twixt the Gulph of ffMiliir.n and the Bay of t':ampi;uhy, Eaft from /^i- t.ifi', and North UomChiiipa- 'i'hc Air is f.)mcwlut hot. The Soil ptodurcs (lore of Corn, and dirterent forts of Fruits. It abounds .Ulo with licalis, low Is, H.'.ni'\', and Wax ; and on the Coaft there arc found great I'iei es of Amber. Here arc many excellent Ports, near V hicli the fitJi.irt build (leir Houles. Pijcts of Note are, (i ) MeiiiLi, Lat. ;o. Long. 87. about the middle of the Peninfula, and is the See of a Bilhop. (j.) I'aL'adiiliJ, a hundred and five Miles South-eaft Torn Mtnda, near the Gulph of ff»nJiira<. Some make it alio the See of a Bi/hop. (l) C.impt.uhy, or St. Fiamif^a, lies near the Mouth of a River which falls into tlie Bay of that Name, almoft two hundred Miles South-well 1^1 Ml', ill. 'Twas a large Tow n of three thoufanii Houfes when taken Ly ihi. Spaniard! ; and had fuch Monuments of Art and JnJiiftry, as prov 'd tiie People to have been polite. It was furpriz'd by Captain /'.jiii'., m Et:j^li;hmaii, \niy)6, when he carried otf the Go icrni)r withlbnie others of Quality, and a laigc Ship vith Ciold and Silver. It vas aifo taken by the Enghjh in i(, Cadia- lillula, Sarfiparilla, Gum Animx, C/)iiia Wood, with other Drugs ^ Maiz, Way, and Feathers, of which • ic Indiani make curious Works. Here arc Trc.'s and Canes of a won- iicrful heiglu, and Iron-Wood, fh re are abundam i of D.uites, Tygers, and Rofs-Lions, which lleep by Day on higii Trees, Bears, Leopards, Armadillo's, Hogs, wild Goats, and .\pes. ' I'i' goiern'd by a High- Juificc lent trom Spain, but fiibordinare to tiic Court of G.iii:im:tla. The Capital is Cob.-.n, orT'.raPaz, Lat. 16. Long. 8y. noted only for being the Scat of the Government. The only Sea-Port is GvlJilnU:; or St- T'/jxn.ts d(. Ctfiilia, on tiie bottom of a Gulph which comes from that of i/j»./«r.(f, al.mofl a hun- dred Miles Eaft of Fera Pai.. 'I'he Entran. e is bctwi.\t two Rocks, and might ealily be defended. 'Vis large enough within for a thou- fand Ships. Two or three Velleh come hither in Jaly or A\^!//l witii Goods trom Spain and embark thofe from Guatimala, of which great Quantities are lodg'd here in [fdy, An^ufl, and S^/itemlxr. The Air is unwholefomc, fo that 'tis little frequented; and tis defended only by an old Caflle. The fourth Province is Hondnrai, or Comiagua, Eaft from Fc'/vi /"ji, and North from Gii.itim.tia and Nicaragua, along the Gulph of Ha- duras. The Air is generally good, and the Soil rich in Corn and Pafturage, occalion'd by the o\cr-llowing of the Ri\ers about Mi- ihaelmat, which the Natives carry by Canals into their Fields. In ma- ny Places they have three Crops of Maiz in a Year. They ha\e alio ftore of Wheat, Hiiicy, and large Calabafhes. The Natiies li'. chiefly on Roots, Flcfli, Vermin, Cocoa, and a Drink made of Honey. Here ai;e alfo fomc Mines of Silver and Gold. Plates of Note are, (t-) Omiagua, Lat. 14. Long. 87. \s\\i<:\\i\\(i Spaniards aWVallad^li J. 'Tis the See of a Bifhop, the Seat of a Governor, is well builr, and has Silver Mines in the Neighbourhood, w hich keep a Mclting-Houfo always employ 'd. (i') Porto de CavaSos, on a Bay that comes up from the Gulph 0^ Hon- duras, about feventy fi.v Miles Fall from St. Th- in.ti de Cajllia, is the moft noted Harbour in the Gulph, but the Situation unwholefomc; and being frequently taken by Buccanieti, its Trade is much de- cay 'd. (i) TritxiL'o, on another Bay tiiat comes from the Gulph of H.nliras, a hundred and fifty five Miles Eaft from Port CavaUo. Tis a good Harbour, two Leagues broad, feri:re from Storms', and there arc Ri- vers on both (ides the Town, full > Firti. The Town is wall'd, and de- fended by a Caftle, and thp Harbour by a Battery. It was the See of a Bilhop, till it was transferr'd to ValJadolid- Here's a Cathedral and fomc other Churches. The Tow n has been feveral times taken by the Englijh :is\d Dutch. The adjacent Country abounds with Provifions; and they have two Vint.iges and Harvefts in a Year. Here's alfo plenty of Oranges and Lemons. There arc feveral Iftands in the Gulph of HMdiiras, inhabi cd by Savages. Ffff The IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A C^ {6 1.0 I.I ■^ 1^ III 2.2 — 6" i "- IIIIIM IL25 i 1.4 i 1.6 V ^ ^ Photographic Sdences Corporation 2? WEST MAIN STREET AEBSTER.N.Y. 14SS0 (716) 872-4503 is- 4* 7 ^ •;»i- N RT H AMERICA: Tl.c fiftli Province is Nicaragua, or the Kcw Kingdom of Uoii, Siiitli hi m Hauhras, nnd Eaft from Cuatim.ih. The Air is healthful, tho liot ; tlie Soil fruitful and pleafjnt, and bears ftore of Fruit and B.ilm, but little \V heat. It abounds with Black Cattel and Hogs ; but h;'.s ftv biHcp, Here's plenty of Cotton, Sugar, Honey and Wax, Li- tjiiid Amber nnd Turpentine, vith which and Silver Work the Inhabi- tants drive a conllderablc Trade to Panama and Numke de Dm. Hero ;;re pi c:;t Numbers of Turkeys, and fo many Parrots, that they arc an Aniunanre. Whales and other Sea Monftcrs arc frequent on the Coaf!.' The Spar.iards, vhcn they rirft arriy'd here, vere fo pleasM V ith tilt- Fruitfulnefs and Agreeablcncfs of the Country, tl. vt they call'd it Miilmm's Paradife. The moll remarkable Animals here, not common to us, are, i. A black Reaft nam'd Cafcu, fomevhat like a Hcg, which makes a frightful Noife. i. The Fox- Ape, vhich has» BaR under its Eellv, where it carries its Young till they arc able to fliift for Food. It 'has the Body of a Fox, Ears like a Bat, and Feet like Mens Hands. Places of Note are, (i.) LcindiNit.ayagua, M3X tht South Sea, Lat. i?- Long. S?. 'Tis Capital of the Country, the See of aBilhop; and belides the Cathe- dral . i.as five Cioifters, ftately Houfes for the Governor and others of the King's Officers, and i:oooo Families of Tributary lu.ti.iiis in the City and adjacent Country. Tis well built. The Inhabitant:- have fine Ciardens, arc rich, well fupply'd at eafy rates w ith Filli and Flcfti, which makes them vain and idle. They have a Trade both with the N,.)tl! and Somh St.i. Ir has been feveral times plunder'd and burnt by the Buccaniers. The Lake adjoining to the Town is rcckon'd a hun- tircd r.nci fevcnteen Leagues round, and fends forth a River Eaft to the Culph of D.:ricii ; but is not navigable becaufe of Catarafts. The B-nl:s of it arc well inliabitcd. The Spaniards defign'd to have cut a Canal betwixt it and the Sua h Sia, fi-om wiiich it is about fifty Milts liiftant ; but dropp'd it. The Lake ebbs and (low s like the Sea, lias plenty of good FiHi ; but is infef;cd by Crocodiles. About three Li.igutJ from this City there's a V^ilcano, which formerly did much i)a.n-agc to the Country ; but now only i'mokcs, (;.) RcJijo, on a River v hich falls into the .9uth .St:i, ferry fix Miles Ncrrli-wcf: trcm l.en;. It fcrves that City as a Harbour, is capable cf tv o luiiiiii ed \'cllcls, and the King ci .S/.j/h's Ships for the SjhiI) St.i V ere K-vn-.crly built here. The SpaJiia;d.< have Inrrcnrhmcnts for defence < f the Harlnur, and \eiy fine Decks ; but it furtcr'd much by the Buc- c-niers. 'i'lie Town is pretty larpe, has three Churches, and an Hofpital with a fine Garden, of which tiiey ftand in much need, be- caufe the Place is unhcalthful. Tlieir chief Trade is ;': Pitch, Tar, and Cordage. (i.) (;.j<.'.;«.i/,i difpatch their Gcodsfrom hence by the way ci Cvthagn-.a, becaifc they think it fafer than by the Giilph cf //^Hiyaia', where they arc frequently inter- cepted bv the Eng!i]h and Dutch. This Town was tal.cn by Ficmh snd Enti^ipi Freebooters in \(i6, wiio let fire to it. C4.) 'Jdeii, a Town on the North-fide of the River that runs from the L.dvc of XicaragM. Here Goods are ufually lodg'd that come to or from the IWrth St.i by t!;c River, where they unload at the Cata- racts, r.nd embcrk them in other Veliels. The l:\th Pixvinre is C/?(J /J/irt, South-eaft (com N.c.vaiua, which icaclies from ti;e A* ..''.' to tiic Smth Sea. The Ccuntry is tor the moll part barren .ind mountainous ; yet it dcfervcs the Name of the Rich CoaiV, lucaiifc if its rich Gold Mines. Plans of Note are, (i.) Lauh.-.g.; Lat. 10. Long.80. 'Tis Capital of the Country, the See of a Bilhop, and has rich Merchants, who trade to the other P^irts of the iv'jl l::dits, and alfo to Europe. (2.) A7u.;.;, on the Scnth .'sea, Lat. n. Long. 8j. i*; a prctt\- Town, and Hcudcf a .S/i.w/jJ Diftridf, near the Mines. 'I"he nci};iibouring Gulp!] abounds w irh Shell-Fifh, by whofe Purple Juice they dye Wool £!iil Yarn to mix with their Segovia Cloth. They trade trrm hence to r.tu.w.t in Salt, Honey, Maiz, Wheat, Fowls, and this Purple Dye. 'J he Town was taken by the Freebooters in 1^87, when they carried eft' feme Prifcncrs, antl a great deal of Plunder. The Bay is large, receives fix Rivers, has many lilands, good Anchorage, and Magazines for Mercliants Goods ; and the Ranks of the Rivers are full of Vil- lages, F.irms, and Sugar Plantations The fcvcnth Province is Voagiia, Eaft from Ofla Rica, and extends from the North to the South Sea. The Coimtry is for the moft part niountainous, woody, and barren; and abounds with inexhauftible Mines (.f Silver and G(>ld : and Gold' Duft is found in their Rivers. Places cf Note arc, (i.) .S.wchi Fi, Lat. 10. Long. 78. Here the .5''""'"''' Jnc't their Cf Id into B.us. (z.) Conceftioii, near a Bay ot^ the North Sea, fifty Miles North-weft of S.ii.cla F\, is Capital of the Province, and the Scat of the Go- vernor. 0.1 Pi'illi Niifvi, on a Ray of the .%;///; Set, feventv five Miles ten, and 'tis much indented on all S^dcs. 'Tis feparatcd from Tfifpa- liiJa, or St D..mingo, by a Strait of forty ei.qlit Miles, and lies North- calt from Die nt. in abowx. a hundred and I f;ccn, and Soucli from the Cape of Florida about a hundred and eightcin- Here are Mines of Gold, Iron, and cm client Copper j and Gold Dull is found in their Rivers. Tame and w ild Chattel abound here, and are larger than in any other Part of Aiiierie.i. ' I'is well fupplied witli Salt and Filli; has ftorc of Sugar-Canes, large Sugar-Works, t lie bell fort of Tobacco, abundance of Ginger, Cinnamon, Long Pepper, and other forts of Spices ; Callia-Fillula, Maliick, Aloes, large and numerous Cocoa-Walks ; and in fliort, all the Commodities that are in any of the American Ilkuids. Here are Cedars fo large, that Boats for fixty Men arc made out of one of \heir I'runks ; many odoriferous Trees, that yield Gum as valuable as Storax ; plenty of large Vines, th«t pro- duce excellent Grapes ; and fine Cotton-Trees. The peculiar Fruitt are Guanavana's, ilup'd like a Heart, and their Tafte is a Mixture of Sweet and Sour ; and (Jamito's, refembling Oranges, the Pulp white and red, and of a fweet Tafte. Here's abundance of tame and wild Fowl; large Tortoifes, whofe Feet are rcckon'd fpecifiek for the Le- profy, and all the other Fifh ufual in thofe Seas. A Ridge of Moun- tains runs thro the Illand, from whence flow Rivers on both fides, which are infefted w ith Crocodiles and Serpents. Major Smith, Cio- vernor of the Ille of rrovidenee, who was Prifoner here in 1665, i^ys,^ 'tis the beft Land for Co large Country that ever he faw ia Ameriea, and propcs'd the Conqucft of it j which he thought might becafily etKcted by a few good Regiments from 7'W'KJ, which would make the Englijh Mafters of the ^■/'Wfr/'ivuiTrade, and capable of intercepting their Fleets, which can hardly be kept together but by Help of the Havaiut, where they rendezvous. He lays, 'tis impofTible for their great Ships to turn up to Windw ard from the Bay oi Mexico, or Porto Heilo, witlwut being feparatcd ; nor can they pafs the (lulph of Ftmid.i but at certain Sea- fons. He adds, that they arc fo fenfiblc of their Wcaknefs, and jea- lous of their Riches, that they blindfold Strangers whc.i tliey pafs by their lowns and Caftles; and have a particular Dread of tho Englijh, becaufe of an old Prophecy that tliey fl»ll be Mafte s of it. Places of Note are, (i.) St. CJh.jhpkal de Hivaua, on the Nortij-fidc of the IllanJ, near the Weft -end. It has a fail- Harbour, large enough for a thoufand Ships, and the flullow eft part is fix Fathom. I'he Entrance is fo nar- row, that twoSliips can't fail in together; and on each fide tlierc's a Fort, the one on plain Ground, and the other at the Foot of two Hills, on the top of which are Batteries that command the Town and Harbour. Betwixt the two Forts there's a Tower, and a Lanthorn on tlie top, w here a Watchman puts forth as many Flags as he fees Ships approaching. Gemelli, who was here in i6j)S, fays, the Caftic Mor is built on a Rixk at the Left of the Entry, has four Baftions, and a Platform of twelve Guns that lie even w ith the Water, and in all is fift' hve Guns ftrong. North Winds make the Waves beat over this Call Ic 'lis encoropafs'd by a Ditch cut out of the Rock, and fill'd by the Sea. There's another Caftle towards the Mouth of the Harbour, well mounted with Brafs Guns; and 'tis rcckon'd the ftrongeft Place belonging to the .S'paniardf. Yet it was taken by the Englijh Buccanien under Captain Morgan in 1669, who would have kept it, could they have had the King of England's ProteAion. Gemtlli fays, 'tis half a League round, lies along the Harbour in a Plain, and is encompafs'd •ith pcor low Walls on the Land-fide. Some reckon the Fanulies here 10000. I hey fend vaft Quantities of Tobacco to Eurtpt and the Continent of America. 'Tis the See of a Rifliop, and the Seat of the Span'jh Governor, who has the Title of Captain-General of the 'llands, an.l with an AlTcflor adminifters Juftice. 'J'hc People are poor and la/y ; (a that their Tobacco and Sugar arc cur'd by Negroes. It has feveral Churches bci.Jes the Cathedral, and divers Monafterics, with an Hofpital for Soldiers with 1 1000 Pieces of Eight ptr Aamm. (z.) St. Jago, on a Bay in the South-fide of the Illand. It has Ju- rifdie'tion over one half, as Havana has over the other. It is one of tlie beft Harbours in America, which made it foon increafc. The Bay it cover'd by feveral Mands, behind which *l'iips may ride fafc in tha nreateft Storms. ' I'ls the Sec of a Biftiop, has Copper Mines in tha Neighbourhood, and had a good Trade, but now much decay'd. (l) h.iracca, T 'o Miles S. E. of //Ijv^wii, at the Mouth of a River, is a good Harbour for fmall Ships, and has Forcfts of Ebony and Brafil in the neighbouring Mountains. (■4.^ .St. Salvador, fod Harbour ; andtho wry (Iroag, was taken by the Earl of Cumberlaud u' 1596, who would have kept "it as a Key to the Treafures of the iVtft Inan: : but half his Men were carried off by Fluxes. The Dutch took it in lo: j. Since which th« Sfmiards have added to the Fortiiicarious, and tlic Harbour *S5 isdelended by twoCaftles. This Town is tlic Sec of a Bifliop, and the Seat of a Sfmifi Governor. Here's no Water Lan Rain, kept in Cmerns. ' Aquada is another Town here, with a gocd Harbour ; wlitre the Galleons, &c. that come from Sfain, flop, uiid take in frefli Water and Provifions, I SOUTH AMERICA, ] O I N S to the North by tl.c Iflhmu! of Pauamn, or Darieii, and reaches to the Straits of Mi^ellau on the South. 'Twas difcover'd by Col-mtius in his third Voyage. Aimo 1 591, Paer Aljiifi made further Difcoveries. Vimcnt Pinfon went afterwards as far the Equino^ial. And at laA Amiricus ytfpitcim made four Voyages thither, by Orders of ferdiuaud of Caflilt, and Emanuel of Portugal ; fo that America had its Name from him. Francis Piz.Z{tro diftoitr'd and conqucr'd Peru, and took their King Atalalifa- GMc.iki Pitiaro difcover'd the River of AmaxAiti. Migtllan and U Main difcover'd the Straits which bear their Names, and failed round the Coafls of this great Pc- ninfula. South America lies betwixt South Lat. yCf. and North Lat.9, So that the Length, South and North, is about 3940 Miles. The Longitude is Weft from Londun, betwixt J 5 «^ 8 j. The Breadth is unequal, being contradcd both on the North and South ; the greateft, be:v ixt the South Sea to Cape St.Auguflin in Brafil, being about 1920. *Tis divided into fe\ en Great P.arts, or Countries, t.';.. Tc-r.i Fy-:.7, Peru, Chili, Terra Magil/.viica, the Province of /.-( Pl.ita, tlucuf the Amazons, and Brafil, \\ hich belongs to the the Pm-ti^gMji. I TERRA F I R M A. ■HIGH is the mod Northerly Country of South America, anduiK of the moft conliderablc Pares. Twas called foby Coliintl/ui in his third Voyage, bcc-aufc he then hrft difco- vci'd the Continent. It extends from North Lat. 13. to South Lar. 2. The Air is hot, but healthful, except where theCoimtry is mardiy. ' ris very rich, and fruitful in many Places, but obnoxious to Pirates. It has fome Mountains, which arc a Branch ot the CordiL'eiu's. 'Tis divided into the following Audiences, or Governments : 1. That of Panama, or Terra Firnia, properly fo called. It takes lip the Ijlhmm betwixt North in6i South America. The Air is hot, and unhealthtui becaufc of the numerous Marlhcs. 'Tis full of Mountains and Woods; for the moft part barren, and ill inhabited : Yet the Peo- ple arc rich, becaufe the Gold and Silver, fyc. oi Peru are landed here at Panama, and tranfiortcd from thence to Sfaiu by Porto Bello, where Goods from Europe are unloaded, and from thence tranfivjrted to Panama by Land-Carriage for the River oiChagre, and from thenco to Peru by Sea. Places of Note are, I. New P.mama the C.ipital, fo call'd to diftinguifli it from the Old Town, which lies in tlic Keigii'^ourhood, and was a couiidcrablc Place, but deftroy'd by Sir Henry Morgan and his Ouccaniers in 1670, and when rebuilt, havinfj afterwards fuffcr'd by accidental Fires, nothing of it now remains but the Cathedral, and fomo Houfes for the meaner fort : upon which the Inhabitants remov'd, and built the prcfent Town. It lies in North Lat. 10. Weft Long. 84. is well built, about a Mile and a half long, and one broad ; is well fortified after the .^aiiijli Way, has a good Garifon ; is the Scat of a Royal Audience, and is the See of a Bifliop SuflVagan of lima. The Harbour is commodious at Inch Tides ; but the Ships at other times lie dry, and in Winter are oblig'd to retire to Porto Pjrici, two Le u^jcs further Eaft. The Town Hourifhes by its great Trade, and has a conliderable Number of Churches and Convents. Pcrto Bdh, on the NathS^.i, NdrtliiL.it, 1 1. Long. j6. was rais'd near it to the Eaft. the Bay of Panama, are the Iflands of Pearls, Co call'd from a Pc.irl- Filbing ; and fome others, that we have not room to inlift upon. II. The Audience of SanEla Fe, lies Eaft from tlie tjlhmus, and contains the three following Governments : I. The New Kingdom of Granada, wliich the .Jatives call Brgat.:, w as nam'd Golden OiftiL- by Ferdinan.' of Spain, becaufc it abounds w ith Mines of Gold and Silver, and alio produces Emeralds. It has plenty of Maiz and Fruit, and ftore of Cattle. The chief Towns are, (i.) SanEia Fe dcBogotta, the Capital, North Lat. 4. Weft Long. (^9. It lies near the River Pati, is populous, the Scat of a Royal Au- dience, and of an Archbilhop, wliofe Suflragans arc the Billiops of St> Martha, Carthngeiia, and Pofaian. (2) Tunia, aftrongTown, of good Trade, eighty Miles North- eaft of Sanila Fe. (3.) St. Agath.1, noted for its Silver Mines. (4,) La Vittoria dt los Rmtdios, a hundred and fe\enty five Miles North-weft of SauHa Fe, noted for its Gold Mines, which conftantly employ twelve or fifteen thoufand Negroes. (y) La Trinidad, fixty Miles North-weft o( SanHaFd, famous for a rich Mine of Emeralds ; from whence an Indian brought one of A great a Value to Philip II. of Spain, that his Goldfrnitiis I w nc what Price to fet upon it. It was put into the Treafury of the Efcuri,; and the InMan had his Liberty and a large Reward. This Countr was difcover'd and conquer'd by Gow/Jj/f Alwew* of (7,,jH,ii.j [a Spai. who found here, as it is faid, ijoooo Pefo's of pure Gold, and iSoo Emeralds of difterent fizes ; and Ferdinand Cortex, found here foiuc Years after five Emeralds of Co great Value, that one of 'cm was fold to a Genoefe Lapidary for 40000 Ducats. I. The Province of Mtu Carth.i^ena lies North from S.vi^a F: Tis in general a moift and unhealthtui Country ; ' ut rich, becaufc of its Gold, Emeralds and excellent Balm. 'Tis nam'd from its Capital on the Gulph of Mtsico, Lat. 11. Long. 75. and is call'd Cuth.tc^cia l.i Inda, to diftinguifli it from others. It lies in a Peninfula, join'd to the Continent by a Caufcy of two hundred and fifty Paces. Tis not li I' /vTiTTiaiuroi) the Hiiccanicrs. 'J'hc Lake adjoining to the Town is reckon'd a hun- lirtd .'ni! fcvcnteen Leagues round, and fends forth a River Eaft to tlie Ciilpli of D.iiicii i but is not navigable bccaufe of Catarafts. The fc;;nl>N of it arc ^VL■11 inliabitcd. The Spaniards deiign'd to have ciita Canal betvixt it and the Sciith Su, from viiichit is about fifty Miles diftant ; but dropp'd it. The Lake ebbs and flows like the Sea, lias plenty ot' good Fifli ; but is infeflcd by Crocodiles. About three I.t.igiie» from this City there's a Vnlcano, which formerly did much D.iniagc to the Country ; but now only fmokcs. (:.) RcJijn, onaRivervhichfdIsinto the AwA.W, forty fix Miles Korrh-wcft iicm I.en:. It fcrves that City as a Harbcnir, is capable cf two limuhed Vellcls, and the King cf .S;p,i/H's Ships for the Suuth Sea V crc fcin-.erly built here. The Spani.rrth have Intrenchmcnts for defence e of Xi\irag:.a. Here Goods are ufually ledq'd that come to cr from the A'<7/j .S";.; by the River, vhere they unload at the Cata- racts, .".nd embark tl'.em in other Vellels. Theiixth Pi\ viufc isC.,'?ii /J/iJ, South-eaft from iV.cJM^rM, which rc:!ch(.s from tiie Nuih to the Sv:.th Se.i. The Country is for the moll part baircn and mountainous ; yet it deferves the Name o( the Rich Coai^, Lncaufe of its rich Gold Mines. Plaoes of Note are, (i.) Ci>t'j.i-r, LaMo. Long.80. 'TisCapitalof thcCountry, the See of a Billi.^p, and has rich Merchants, who trade to the other P^rrs cf the ft'JJ l::Jiis, and alio to Europe. (1.) Xur..:, on the .S'f/f/j .SV.i, Lat. 11. Long. 82. is a prctf. Tow n, and Head ci a Sp.uiiJ} Diitriift, near the Mines. 'I'he neighbouring Gulp); abounds v ith ShcU-Fifh, by whofe Purple Juice they dye Wool aiiu Yarn to mix with their Scgr.ia Cloth. I'hcy trade tirm henc to P.7,..v::: in Salt, Honey, Mai?, Wheat, Fowls, and this Purple Dye. 1 i'.e I'own was taken by the Freebooters in ifS-', whin they carried eft" feme Prifcncrs, and a great deal of Plunder. The Kay is large, rcoei\es fix Rivers, has many Illands, good Anchorage, and Magazines f^r Mcrdiants Goods ; and the Ranks of the Rivers arc full of Vil- lages, Farms, and Sugar Plantations. Tlie feventli Province is Firagiia, Eaft from C'J}.x Rica, and extends from the iVur//; to the South Sc.i. The Country is for the mod part mountainous, woody, om\ ban en; and abounds with incxiiauftible Mines (if Silver and G(-ld : and Gold Dull is found in their Rivers. PLcescf Note are, (1.) S.ihcl.i E, Lat. 10. Long. 7S. Here the .Ijf.in.-.ii Ji melt their Ccld into Bars. (:.) Comet tini, near a Bay on the NorthSta, fifty Miles North-weft of S.ii.F^.i Fi', IS Capita', of the Province, and the Scat of the Go- vernor. Cj.) Pi.dh Nue-jn, on a Bay of the South Sea, feventy five Miles South-weft trom S.infla Fe. The Town is two Leagues long, but un- ticalthfal, bccaiifc of the neighbouring Marfhcs. It has been fevera! titr.es taken by the Buccaniers. Here are fe\ eral other Tow ns ; but none of 'cm were able to refift the Buccaniers. The Islands belonging to the Spaniards in North America. L ■^I^UBA, the largeft they poflcfs, lies betwixt Lat. st & (kL,k -^- ^"^ betwixt Long. 7: ', on a Hay in the South-fide of the Jlland. It has Ju- rifdiC:tio Miles E. of W.j- \!ana, where the Dhtih Adm. //fj«took the Spamjh Plate-Ilcct in 161S. II. H'fpaiiiola, or St. Domingo, which is already defcrib'd, Page J4<;. III. Porto Rice, alias Mnico and Bonquen, fixty Miles Eaft from Hfpiinif/a, Lat. i;;. Long. 6^. is about thirty Leagues long, and twenty broad. The Climate is hot, but refredi'd w ithiBretzes fome part of the Day ,- after which falls a Dew that proves fatal to Strangers. It produces Gold, Silver, Qiiickfilver, Tin, Lead, and Azure. Tliero is a Ridge of Mountains in the middle, from w hence Rivers flow on both fides. It rains here generally bctw ixt May and Augnft. There aro dreadful Hurruanes about the beginning of /^. (;«/?; and thcNorth Winds damage their Plants. Here are Trees that ) ield excellent Gums w hich are good .igainft Lamenefs, freOi Wounds, andBruifcs, andprefervc the Kctls of Ships from Worms. Here's alfo fpecklcd Wood ; and Callla- Fiftula, Pines, Mammies which bear a good Fruit; Guiavo's, Papays, and black and white Plums, all four good againft Fluxes. Here arc alfo wild Grapes, Plantanes, Cocoa's, Palmettoes, Figs, Pomegra- nates, Pome-citrons, Lemons, Oranges, Muik-Mclons, Ginger, Pejv per, Sugar, Callavi, Maiz, and Rice. Here's O I N S to tlic North by tlic Iflhmn of Panama, or Darien, ami reaches to the Straits of Mtgellan en the South. 'Twas difcover d by Columbus in his third Voyage. Amo 1 59 1 , Pettr Alaiifa made further Difcoveries. Vincent Pinfon went afterwards as far thu Equinoaial. And at laft c r^ J , ■*!""''"" ytjpwim made four Voyages thither, by Orders Ot Rrdmand of Citftile, and Emawiel of Portugal i (o that America had Its Name from him. Francis Pis,zaro diftover'd and conqucr'd Peru, and took their Kipr Atabalifa. Goncahi Pinaro difcover'd the River ot Amax^tts. M^tllau and Lt Maiie difcover'd tlie Straits which boar their Names, and failed round the Coafis of this great Pc- ninfula. South America lies betwixt South Lat. 56 f and North Lat.9. So that tiie Length, South and North, is about 3940 Miles. The Longitude IS Weft from Londun, betwixt 3 5 «ir 8 j. The Breadth is unequal, being contrafted both on the North and South j the greateft, be:wi\: the South Sea to Cape St.Ai(guflin in Brafil, being about 1920. 'Tis divided into fevcn Great P.ircs, or Countries, liz.. 7^.':r.: P;-v;.7, Peril, Chili, Terra Mngtilanica, the Province of /./; Plata, that ui tiie Amazons, and Brajil, which belongs to the the Portnguefv. I. TERRA FIRM A. sHICH is the mod Northerly Country of South America, and one of the moft conliderable Parts. Twas called fo by Cotuml/'K in his third Voyage, becaufc he then firft difco- . vcr'd the Continent. It extends from North Lat. ij. to South Lar. 2. The Air is hot, but healthful, except wliere the Country is marfhy. ' Pis very rich, and fniitfu! in many Places, but obnoxious to Pirates. It has fome Mountains, which are a Braiicii ot the CorMhu's. 'Tis liiv: Jed into the follow ing Audiences, or Governments : I. That of Panama, or Terra Firma, properly fo called. It takes »ip the Ifiji-ntii betwixt North and South Amen\a. ' The Air is hot, and luiheaitiitul becaufe of the niuneroiis Marflics. 'Tis full of Mountains and Woods; for the moll p.irt barren, and ill inhabited : Yet the Peo- ple arc rich, becaufe the Gold and Silver, &c. of Peru are landed here at Panama, and tranf|H)rtcd from thence to Spain by Porto Bella, where Goods from /{.vro/i- are unloaded, and from thence tranf|>ortcd to Panama by Land-Carriage for the River oi Chagre, and from thence to Ptiu hy Sea. PKiccsof Note are, I. AVw P.iiuim.t the (l.i'i'it.il, fo call'd to diftinguifli it from the Old Town, which lies in the Nii^hbourhood, and was a coiiliiicrable Place, but deftrov'd by Sir Hemy Alorgaii and his Duccaniers in 1670, and when rebuilt, lia\ ing afterwards futfcr'd by accidental Fires, nothing of it now remains but tiie Cathedral, and fome Houfes for the meaner fort . upt^n which tlie Inhabitants rcmov'd, and built the prcltnt Tov n. It lies in North Lat. 10. Welt Long. 84. is well built, alwiir a Mile and a half long, and one broad ; is well tortiticd after the Sp.wijhWdv, has a good G.irifon ; is the Seat of a Royal Audience, and is the Scci'f a Biihop SiiHragan of J.im.t. The Harbour is commoiiious at high Tides ; but the Ships at other times lie dry, and in Winter are oblig'd to retire to l'o,to P ■••/', tvv.i Le i'» ics further Laft. The Town llourifthes by its great Trade, and has a conliderable Number of (Jhunhes and Convents. •J. Porto Bc'Jo, on the Nc.th S^.i, NortlnLat 1 1. Long. ^6. vas rais'd from the Ruins if Nmd.e de Diou which lies near it to the Laft. The Harbour is large, dtlcndcd by tvo iirong Caftles, and is much frequented, becaulc the Spanijh Fleets for /'«;( and CArV/ land herewith ^«> o/Jf.jH Goods. Tin Town is not very large ; but is populous and rich, becaufe of the f.iid 'I'rade, and the great Fairs w hich are kept here. V Darlin is a fmalt Town on t!ic Weft-fide of the Gulph, and twen- ty Miks South from the Mouth of it, .ind gives Name to the IJlhmm and Gulph; at tlie Mouth of which the Sioti built a Fort, and made a Settlement in if .)8, by v hich tliey defign'd to have open'd a Commu- nication and Trade with the Si>:ith Sea, lor which it lies very commo- dious: But lor the Reafons why that Deilgn mifcarried, we refer to the Hiftory of the Times. There are ftvcral Illands on both lides this [flhmm. Thofe on the North are call'd the S,iml>.illoe<, and very convenient for Amhoragc, Wood, and Water; on which account they are much fre«t'«w of ff-M/Mi.* la Spni. who found here, as it is faid, 250000 Pefo's of pure Gold, and 1800 Emeralds of diftcrent fiz.es ; and Ferdinand Cortci, found here foinc Years after five Emeralds of fo great Value, that one of 'cm was fold to a Genoefc L.-ipidary for 40000 Ducats. i. The Province of Neiu Cavthj^ena lies North from SanHa F. 'Tis in general a moift and unhealthhil Country ; but rich, becaufc of its Gold, Emeralds and excellent Balm. 'Tis nam'd from its Capita! on the Gulph of Mtsiio, Lat. 11. Long. 7^ and is call'd Ci,th.t;^'j,ia l.i Ind J, to diftinguilh it from others. It lies inaPcninfula, join'd to the Continent by a Caufey of two hundred and fifty Paces. Tis not large, but well built and fortify'd, and has a commodious v cU-fre- quented Harbour, cover'd by an Ifland at the Entry, w liicli is alfo for- tified. Tis reckon'd one of the beft Spanijh Towns in Amfrica, is t!ie Sec of a Bilhop SuftVagan of Sun^a Fe de Bogotta, and the Place w here the Spanijh Galleons land part of their Goods before tiiey go to Pa-to Belli). It was taken by Sir F, amis Dralce ihowi 1585, and by the Fanh, under Monlieur P3;;,'f/ in 1697, who found a Booty here of eif^lir or ten Millions. Other Towns in this Province are St. y.igo deT'li, fifty two Miles South from Cartliaxiiia, famous for its excellent Balm ; St. Maria; St.Cruz.de Maupex.; St. Jago de los Cavalkros ; La Conception; and St. Sel/ajlian de Bwnaiifta, upon the Gulph of i).iw«. 3. The Province of if. M.irtha is much like th.u of Cartlm^nna, from which it lies North, upon the Coail, but has more Bya/il Wood ; in which, with its Gold and Emeralds, it drives a coniiderable I'rac'c. T-ic i I I ;! tI {• t ij -i!v ./I 2$6 The chief Towns are, (i.) St. Martha, at the Mouth of the River on the Coaft, a hundred and liMy Miles North-caft of C.irthageiia. 'Tis a iiandfome Town, the See of a Bifliop Suffragan of Sattila Fe, and has a commodious Harbour, with a Pearl-Fi/liing in the Neighbourhood. (i.) Bmatica, near the Mouth of St. Magdalen River, fixty Miles South-weftof Sr. ^art/»rt, isfmall, has a good Trade and a commodi- ous Harbour, III. The Audience of St. Dtmlitgo hes Eaft from that of S.mEia Fe, and is divided into the fix follow ing Governments : I. That of Ri« de la Haiha, which lies Eaft from St. Martha. 'Tis fmall, but fruitful; and very rich in Gold, Precious Stones, and Salt. The chief Towns are. SOUT H A M ER I C A: v 6. The Government of Caribana lies Nortb of Guiana on the Sea," and has its Name from the Car'Mets, wrho rctir'd thither after beinjg drove from the Barltvittta Illands by the Spaniards. This Country is little known, except fomc Places on the Coaft, where the Englijb, Dutch, and Eench made fome Settlements. The Englifi and F, imh have abjndoii'd theirs for want of being fupported ; tho Mr. Narcottrt, in his Foyage, fays, it might have been fo manag'd, as to bring the Eiiglijh as much Profit as the Spaniards have from their richeft Mines. The Dutch have a Settlement here at Surinavt, near a River of the fame Name, Lat. 4. Long. ^6. which falls into the North Sta. The Tosvn is fnuil, and built on a Height almof) encompafs'd with Moraflcs, which makes the Air unwholeiome, "I'is however very populous. TItc Dutch tVifi'India Company employ abundance of Negroes in cu- ring Sugar and Tobacco here, and drive a confiderable rrade with (i.) La Hatha, the Capital, at the Mouth of the River, a hundred Crirajfjw, &c. It was firft taken by the F,eub in 1640, and after* d five Miles Eaft o( St. Martha. 'Tis a pretty lown on a Hill, wards by the Eiqlijh, who and five Miles LiH oi St. Martha, 'lis a pretty has a very good Harbour, and was uken by Sir Fr am is Drake in i j8 j. (1.) Ratuheria, fifteen Miles North-eaft of La ILnha, has a fmall Harbour, and a good Pearl-Fifliing. 2. The Government of VineiMela lies Eaft of La HaJia. Tis a very pleafant Country, and fruitful in Wheat and Maiz ; and abounds withCattel, Tobacco, and the beft Cocoa iu the World. 'Tjs di- vided from Rio de la Hacha by a Bay. The chief Towns are, (t) Veiicx.uela, alias Cvra, the Capital, Lat. 11. Long, (?<5. The Name fipnifies Little Veuite, becaufc 'tis fituate upon fcvcral little If- lanos like that City. It has been often pillag'd by Freebooters ; but is a pretty Tow n, the Sec of a Bifliop Suffragan of St. Domit^o. (2.) Cinr.iccai, on the Gulph of Culagua, is a large ricii Town, and Capital of its Diftrift, which produces the beft Cocoa. (j.) Guiare, is a fmall open Town; but defended by a good Fcrt, and has a rich Pearl-Fifhery. J. The Go\ ernment of New Andalufitt lies Eaft of Ventt^ueli- Some confound it with Paria. 'Tis not much peopled by the Spaniards, and lirtle of it known but the Coaft. The River Oronoko, which forms fe- vcral Iflands at its Mouth, where it falls into the North Sta, is the cnly River of Note here. The Spaniards have ftore of Tobacco, S.(lr, and Pearls from this Country. Its chief Town \s Omami, or A':^ Co'd'-va, on the Cnilph of Cui.igua. 'Tis very flrong; and has always made a good Defence againft the Buccanicrs. 4. The Government of I'aria lies South from Nev: And.ih. Ja/eph, upon a Bay in the Wefl-fide of the Illand, is the only Town here. II. PER U, \ S bounded on the North with Terra Firmn, on the Eaft with the Country of the Amai.ons and Rio Je la Plata, on the South \\'\t\\TeiraMage'Janica, ox Chili, and on the Weft with x.'nt South Sc.i. It extends almoll from tiic Equator to theTropick of C(J/T/ci»-B. 'Tit reckon'd the richeft Country in the Univcrfe, becaufe of its many Gold and Silver Mines ; and South America is fometimcs from hence call'd Peiini.vta. The Air is commonly hot and unhealthtul,_ except in the Mountains, where 'tis extreme cold, becaufe of tlic great Snows and Rains that commonly fall there, 'i'he Soil is very dry and fandy in the Plains; but the Valleys are water'd with feveral little Rivers, which render them very fertile, cfpeciaDy in Fruits and Cattel. They have abundance of Game, Fowl, Par- rots, and fome Lions. Their Sheep are extremely large, and often ferve to carry their Burdens. Their Flcfh is very tender, and their Wool fine. The Valleys produce a great deal of Corn and Maiz, Sugar-Canes, Cotton, and a Plant call'd Coca, w hofe Leaf, held in the Mouth, allays Hunger and Thitlt "Fis alfo faid, that the Vine produces excellent Grapes here, when 'tis planted on the (ides of hot Valleys; but the Climate is fo bad for Horfes, that it kills all that are brought hither from Europe in two Months. 'Tis very liable to Earth- quakes. 'Tis not populous in proportion to its Extent. It was fub- jcift for about four hundred Years to Kings ciW'dlncas, till 153J, when it w as fubdu'd by Pizaro the Spaniard, w ho difcover'd it in 1 525. 'Tis faid, that at his Arrival he found Gold fo plenty, that all their Kitchen Utenfiis, and even their Houfcs were covcr'd with that Met- tal; that one of their A.v.i/, whom f/Mro took Prifoner, ofter'd for his Ranfom as much Gold as he cou'd (lore up in a Hall twenty two Foot long, fevcnteen broad, and high in proportion. The Incai had all the Animals and Plants that could be imagin'd, in Gold ; and when they built Temples, adorn'd them with a great many Statues of pure Gold, and an infinite Number of precious Stones ; but they were de- molilh'd and pUmder'd by the Spaniards. The Inhabitants, cfpccially near the Line, arc of very little Stature, and fwarthy. They have a fimpic Afpedt, but arc no Fools, efpecial- ly rhofc that live on the Mountains, w ho are great Diflemblers, trea- cherous, inconftani, and Huggilh. The Women are handfome, fomewhat fairer than the Men, are great Pains-takers, and the ho- nellefl Women in America. Thofe who are more immediately under the Dominion of the Spaniards, profefs Chriftianity ; but thofe on the Mounuins, dc. are Idolaters. There's no noted River in Peru, but a great many Mountains ; the chief of which are the AnJti, CerJil- leru's, or Sierra Nnad.i'i, which run thro the whole Country, and arc reckon'd the higheft in the World. The Spaniards have a Viceroy here, three Royal Audiences, and two Archbiihopricks, viz. Lima and Plata. Under theformerare the Bifhopricks of Cufco, Quito, Aiequifa, TruxiBo, Guamanga, Panama in Terra Fn ma, St.j.tgo, utid Conception in Chili. Under La Plata ITC Pax., or Chuptiaia, St. Muhael d'El/ieroii\ Tuc.imnn, part of the Audience of La Pl.ua, St. Cruz de la Sietra, La Nievj, or Barranca, Trinidad, Bu*- nos, A)res, AJJumption on Lu Plata River, and AJJumption on the Urar i-V- !• The firft Audience is Lima, or Loi Rcye<, which has the Audience of Quito on the North, and La Pl.ita on' the South. The Soil is in general pretty fruitful, and contains Mines of Gold, Silver, and Quick(ilvcr, rich Salt-Pits, and fcveral Jurifdictiuns, or particular Governments 1. The chief Town is Lima, or Los Reyes, Long. yj. Lat. ij. Ca- pital of all Peru. The Town is very large, handfome, populous, rich, the Seat of the Viceroy of Peru, of an Archbifhop, of^an Uni- vcrlity, and of the Royal Audience. It lies at the Mouth of the lit- tle River Lima in the South Sea, about two Leagues from CaBao, which is its Harbour, and contains fix hundred Sp.mijh Families, fays Di* Plejjis, Midcs Indian Negroes. The Harbou.' is pretty well fortify'd, and defended by two Callles which command it. 'Tis large and fafe ; and e\ cry F^bruary^ that call'd tlie A-madtUa Fleet fails from hence to ^rica in rile Province of Los Choreas, and returns about the end of M.mh with Gold r id Silver from Potofi, and otiier Mines in that Country. All this Treafure is put alhore at the Port of Lima, carried up to the Town, and tranfported from thence in the beginning of May to Panama. Lima is very fubjcft to Earthquakes ; and in OMer^ 1619, there was one by which five hundred Houfes w ere ovcr-turn'd, and moft of the reft damag'd. 2. Cufco, four hundred Miles Souch-eaft from Lima, Lat. 14. Long. 6g. It was formerly the Capital of Peru, and the Refidencc of its Ima's, or Kings. Tis encompafs'd w ith Mountains, water'd by two fmall Rivers, and divided into two great Parts, call'd Havan Cufco and Oztn Cufco. 'Tis the Sec of a Bifhop Suffragan to Lima, and has the fineft Square of all the Tow ns in America. Its Houfes arc alfo well built, and it has eight Parifhes, With four Convents, aNunncrv, and a fair College of Jcfuits. 4} 1. « f a • i a » i ^^*, J» ' o - '-i^ Ml ^ 1 % ■! •^^ i -^1^ 1-11 > •*< « p. 1 ^ f ' N "V ^- N I ill ^ •■■— 'TSfWri ^im ,5 M The Spanifh Dominms in thofe Tarts, II. Tlie fccond Aiidicnro is Qiiito. It comprclicnds Pcfwan, Qwia Proper, the Oniiitry of Q^hmu and tli.it of Puuimuri-i. I\fu)aii lies to the South atul South-well ol Tirr.i PhWa; but 'tis a barren Coun- try, and of little Note. Its Capital, North Lat. j. Long. 73. is of the fame Name, and a Bifliopricli SiiH'r.ig,,n to .SV. Fc ik Boxai.t. Q^iito Proper is a fruitful Province, and has funic Mines of Ciolil, Silver, Qi^iiilifilver, and Iron, efpei iaily about Cmiihi. 'I'lie chief Town is ot the fame Name, South I.at. t. Lonp. y6, "I'was formerly one of the cliicf Towns of I'du ; but at prefent 'tis vcr) much decay 'd, and is onlyconlideral'le for its Koyai Aiidiemc, and liiflioprii k Sutfrag.ui to I.im.i. rncYtul'ij'U on the Coalt, South I.at. 1. I.cii:;. 7^;. two liun- ilred anil twenty Miles South-wefl tiiun Q^iito, is noted for a IVline of Emeralds in its NeiphlKUuliood. (iii.ifiil, South Lat. 5. Loni;. jfi. lies on a Ri\er which falK into a Bay of its own N.ime, \\ hich is navigable feveral Leagues up the Country. Tisthe Sea-Port of Q^/iii ; and the Merchants of l.iiit.i fometimes fend their Money hither in I'arl.s, to be tranfported from liencc to /',;«.(»w. The Sp.nii.Vils build their great Ships tor the .Vo;/;/i .Vr./ here. ' Lis defended by feveral Forts, with a Communiiation betw i\t them by aCo\cr'd Way. ' Tis the Metropolis of its Province, about a Mile andahilflong, and divided by the Ri\er, over which there's a wcodcn iJridqe ot half a Mile long. 'I"hc chief Trade of L\porr is in Cocoa's, Hides, I'allow, Sarf.iparilla, Drugs Woollen Cloth, Rite, Cotton, drieil Ucef, and 'limber, Salt, a..a Salt-I"ifli. h has Hve Churches, andfeicral Monaflerics, and a fubor- dinatc Court ot' In and 'I'uium.u:- 'i'lie former abounds w n\\ tiiild and Siher. 'I'he chief Tow ns here are, 1. Its Capital J.jPl.tt.t, in South Lat. 21. Lnng.i^.f. 'Tis a f.nc Town, the See of an Archbiihop, and the Seat of a Royal Au- dience. 2. Pcir-Ji, fevcnty eight Miles Soiith-wcfl from /.; P/.it.i^ "Lis a prctt\- little Town, at tlic Foot ct a Mountain, win re is the moll f.:- nious Silver Mine in the NVorkl, which his produc'd incrcdib'c IVc,-- fures, infomiich that 'tis fiid the King of .'J;,',)„i had t>hiso\vn fif:li_ Share, in Ids than fift\ Ye...s, above a hundred ami eleven Mijlionsof Pieces of Light, thirteen Reals, and a qu irter of a Piece of Liglit. The Mountain in which t:;is rich Mine lies, (hinds in the middle of 257 a Plain, and rcfembles a Sugar-Loaf. 'Tis above a ijnnrter ofa League high, and half a League in Circuit. 'I'lie neighliomingSoil is barren for three or four Leagues, and only produces an Herb wliic!) the N.i- tives call Icho. Here are Wind-Mills to refine tlic Mettal of thofe Mines, in wliich joooo Negroes arc commonly employ 'd. The Moun- tain has been fo dug, that 'tis in a manner but a Sliell ; and they fcarce get an Ounce and a half of Siher out of a Qiiintal of Hartii, which formerly yielded above as much again. The Town of Potujt lies at the bottom of this Mountain. 3. /Ilka, South Lat. i>j. Long. 70. three hundred and forty Miles North-weft from PokJI, flands on the Se.i-Coaft, is well fortified, anJ has a good Harbour, whither they bring the Silver from the Mines of Pdii/i, and tranfport it to Lima by Sea. 4. /..( Paz,, two hundred and eighty Miles Nortii from Puto/t, and three hundred anil fifty five North-eaft from A'im, is the Sec of a Bi- flioji Surt'ragan of La P/ata, and has Mines of very good Gold in the Neighbourhood. J. Porco, to the So'.'th-weft, .and thirty nine Miles Weft from /"i/ft./;, has a rich Mine of exccil>.:ir Go' I. The Province of T:ic:im.iit, wiih which we miift conclude Pcva, vas formerly a part of that of Rio dc la Plata. It abounds in Cattel and Very fine Cotton. The Inhabitants are for tlic moll pajt Savages ; but more for Peace than War. TIic Spaniards \n\c but eight Towns here, and thofe of no great Note. 'lis proper to taKe notice of two great Roads in this Countr' , which fjcm to exceed any ever made by the Rorna,i<, or even tlic gre.ic Wall betwixt 7^ji/.(7 and L'/jiua. They reach from North Lat. 3. to South Lat. ;o. which is 13:0 Miles. They were call'd rlic Great Roads of the fiii,i'<, bec.iufe made b;. their CJrdcrs. One of them was car- vied thro Mountains and Ro'Ks, and the other thro the plain Country. The Cilory and ( irandci r ot this Woili was augmented by the ftuprii- dous Piles of Rocks and Stones laid together, whicli is furpriziiig how it i oiild be done , for the) had no lieall for Carriages or Dr,ULr;Ii:s till brought from E'liopc Tiie Ro.id thro the plain Countrv is de- fended by Walls twcnt;- five Foot broad; and within thofe ^Valls there arc Strcims, with Trees planted on both (Ides. 'J'lie other Road, cut tiiri) tlie Rocks and Mountains, is of tlic fame Bread. ii and in the Valleys and Marfliy Grounds there are good Caufeys. At cer- tain Diflances on thofe Roads were large and pleafant Inns for I'ra- wllers, fe\er.il of them capable of cnrci.aining Kings and their Reti- nues. 'I"l;efc Roads were rep.'.ir'd b one of the /,v.;'; not loii;^ bc- fciie the In\alion of the Sp.iiiiay.l<, who have il:,^'.•r'd th"m to deca\'. 'Phis lhipendoi:s Work is iis'd as an Arguni-nt to prove clat this Country muli have been inhabited U.r many .'■\i;es. 'J'his is firihcr confirm'il by their ftately Palaces, Temples, and c.cher Stnii-tures ; which pro\c tiiat they miift have been a polite People, and ti.'ider .1 well regulated Go\cinincnt. I J III. The Country of the A M A Z N S, *J!^^r!^IFS SeMith from 7')r/i/T<;«.i, Eaft from Aw, Weft from i|jr™fe Jini/il, and North from Pa)a^i:iay ; is i i.p Miles South and f|'_J^^ Noi'th, and 1 5 S'^ Fait and Weft ; and has its Name from die wB^^ famous River of the .Jw.ii,o;;s which runs thro it, and falls into the AtUinid near the Line. It lies betw ixt South Lat. ;o. and the Fquinoaial; or according to fomc. North Lat.:. and Weft Long. 50 cir 71. Little of it is known, but what lies upon the River; nor Ts that \ et fullv difi o\ er'd- ' I'w as call'd the River of the Ama- zo)i>, becauie the \\ omen appear 'd in Arms as well as the Men. The firft /■:■ HfiM;/ Difcovcrer was F,aii of this W'orli was aui;menred by the lliipeii- , together with their Holies. Naturalitls ahiibe this great Cold to a Wind which is not boilltrccs, bit by ilcgiccs extinguilhes the natural Heat, and fo frec/es the liodies, that w l;cn licad they appear in their natural Pofture. Authors iliiVcrs as to the I.xtent of this Country. Some comprehend under tl'.is Name all that Part of SmiIj Amuii.i wliich lies bctw i.\t l\,u .lid the Straits of /U.i^..''i//, including P,i,.tgH.i\, and what others call 7(' ;.( Mr^cl!.tnU\i ; (o that, according to them, ir reaches almod t'ruui tiie liopicK of Ciipiii.i>r)i, or at kail from bouth Lar. :). to the Straits of ;l^^f//shom the Sp,i„i.t. Is ha\e never been cblc to llibiiiie. t/./; is d;\idedinto three I'roviiues, and each of thcfe ha\c their Siibdi\ iiimis. The lirft Provinre is tliat of C //; Proper, vhicli is the moft Nor- therly, boiinii.s on l\>ii, ;.nd ei nt.jns the tollov inj; Iiirifdicuons : i.'icaui, vliifli isfiirtheii North, and has its N.nne from its Ca- pital y,< ,\<;o.-.j, .iliws r. '//./« /■!', ontheCoali, 1..;. ;.). Lonp-y;. It has a rood Harbour, whiih is reeki ii'd the beii in (luli, nest uiB.ilM- a;,r, ;;nii the aiijaeent Ci'iintrv vrodi.ies (iold and Copper, eNcellent Water, Corn. \\ ine, Cattel, rriiit, and Pot-herbs. This 'I'ovwi was tal.cn by Sir F-.n.-m D,.di; and afterwards burnt by the iJiieraniers in ifJ!o. Oilier Ports here arc G ..ijlo, a hundred and tweiity live Miles further North, vliieh Hes in a pie.>f..nt, poiniious, and fruitful Coun- trv, i^ul li.!s .1 [;ood Harboin- ; and Cn.ifo, about .1 hundred and fmty tight Milts North from (;/..i/,ii, wlueh is alio . I good Harbour, in .i fri.itfid Countr' , that aboumls with Turqiioifev ;. The luriCditiion of 2^'./7/.;m lies South fioin (\q:iiml-, is nam'd fu;n its Capital, two hundieo and twenty live Miles South trom /../ A; r,;,i, l'..IpA.\vf- lies near Q:,,''.ii.i, and lerves as .i Harbour to Si.J.iiy. This Phue was tal.tn by Sir/;,i,„(i lJ,.iLc, who found a Ship in the Harboi;r, with;; i;reat deal of Clold onboard. ^ The IuriKiic.i(n ct St- J.rv' ,li 1 1 ,li, lo eali'd from its Capital, ■ Lut. 54. Lonq. -;. 'lis the Cjpital of MC/hIi, the Rtlidenee of the Stai.-jb (Jovtmor, the Se.it of a Royal Aiidiem •;, ..nd the See ol a liidvp Si.l;Vapan if I.nii.i. It lies a'bcut iVi.ir.y Miles hall fom the Stv. : is mil and h.;s a pood Tr.'.de by the River 7i/>.(.;/;?;.; The City is rep.ilar, well built, the Street' larj'.e, the Cathedral fumptu- oiis ; and h.re .ire fe'. e1.1l rii h M' naileries. V.'cfi from this C\i;,ft, in Lar. -4. about three hundred and lilty Miles, lie the twodefart lllam.s of 7'"'" F."i:.ji:,if<, fo call'd from the Dif.iiVTrer, vi'.r p!,.n,td, but afterwards kit tliem. Here aie (evtr.il Kays, where Sr.ips put in to rtfielli, pood Water, Wood, and fueii plenty if Fifl'. of all lilts, th.it in a few Hours one may take enough fi>r r 'no Ili'ndrid> c( Men ; lo that the 1' ilhery here is equal to that cf.ViT./i. ■,)..,'/.;*,./. The Sf.ij. I. :■.!> con-e i t'.en hither to lilli, and fell thtni to liiu. I'hcre .vc Multitudes if Seals inthei)a_\s, wlulV Tur c.vectds that of o..r Otters, abundanee ct Sea-I.ii ns, and Towl cf fc\eral (oris v itii fore if wiki Cii .its, and beautiful wild Cats, till. iJitei! I f liiole that weie left by the Pl.nter. I'he Climate is (0 prod, \!!.;t tl-.c 'I'rees and I'ields are verdant ..II tlie Vear. i'he Pro- ih:c\ is eh'eily Cotton, large Piemcnto, or [{.im.iuti Pepper-Trees, C.bbrpe- Trees, plenty of e.setlient Kitehen Heibs, fow'd by Ships that h.d put in to repair, fonie blaik Pipper, .md Plums. .•//■x./H./ti SlL'nk, a 6'i(/c/) Mariner, li\ 'd alone heie four Years and four Montl.s. He Iiad been .Maiter of the (u.fj.i-l'nti. He was in Company here V icli Capt,;in D.i-npiit ; but ii.;\ lug a Diliereiue w itli his ow n Captain .'■tdillir] al)rut repairing th.eSl'.ip, width was very leaky, StUnL lUol'c r.ul.tr to (Liy here ah ne than go aboard her ; and w hen he w as w illing tcgoatl.f!, the (!.;|tjinr(.ftjs'd; v.hieh iiai'pen'd well for .SVW/.jt, be- r.'ii k- liie Ship w;'s forr'd to pot in to tlie Co.'ft, v heie the Men were ill t.iktnb} the .^fiUii. !■,!', andm.de Slavis; but the C,iptain ranfom'd lu'nifeif St.'LlrL rarried on Siiore his Clothes ;uu' Kedding, a lirtlork, ;. Praind I f Powder, Ik:llets, Tobaieo, aHatehet, Knife, Kettle, I.ihle, and feme pi.ctital P.ects, with liis Matl.eir.atiial InilruT.ents :ind Lcok'. He built himfeif two Huts in a Valley with Pitniento- Trec"., e.ver'd them with long Cir.fs, and Hn'dtlKin with the Sl.ins r.f Go-ts, whith he lili'd with ins dun. He had mueh ado to be;ir i;;' .-.gai:'.!: Meh;nelioly the tirft eiijii: Months ; but applying himfeif to ]}e\rtloll, 1 he crew more cafe. ^,. ,,...,.., ... ...., v^u... And when his Powder was fptiir, he fi:blif'ed by e. telling yoi'.ng Kids anil 1 ifi), of whii h he had plenty ; but vantin^ Lre.ul and S.ik, they prov'd lasatiie, (o that he was forcM to luiiit Cd they carr) 'd him on board the Captain w irh abundaiiiO of good Craw -Fill). So that he put in to thclJay, where he repair'J hisSiiip, took in Wood, Water, CTi- .ind liis Men, troubled with the Seurvv, reeovei'd apace by the ule oft'refli Meat and Greens. The fecoiid Province, eali'd linpm.il,; from /iijii.it, ksCapit.1l, lies Srutli of ('I'lli Proper, and contains the follow ing juiifdieiions : 1. ri-.at of (:./;.,;/,«, (o nam'd tVonntsC;ipital, Lat. 17. Long. 7.?. a fM-ritied Fown, defended by a good Calllc, and the .See of a tJilliop Suiiragan oi I.mi.u 'Fwas formerly the Capital of f /■;/.■, and has j H.::bii;r rali'd StJ'inni.t, eover'd by the Iliands j^. (./'/«;«.(■ 'I'he neighbouring ("ountry abounds fo with Gold, that tUv Sp,i,:hi>,li, fiy< Oi.ille, employ 'd fome 'Fhoul'.nd.s of /,/./;.«/ F'amilies to gather ii. I'his'l'own lias a large I'erritorv, which is one of t!ic mod populo.is Parts of f./;.//. W'.i.v.c, about tiftv Miles .South of G«i«,/. 1: wasdtftroy'd by the Nati'.es; b;ir liiiie ichuilt. ;. I'he Jiirifdiction oi R.ilJixi.i lies South of Impoi.dc, and is l>) n.'.m'd from its Capital, on the bottom if a I'ay, Lat.41. In this I'.irifdiction are Mines of the purell Gold in all .4'«imi.i. Sir J Jiu N.i\lmo-Ji phicis the Mouth of the Harbour ill Lat. 39. '><•■ and Long. V. ell tVom the L;t.i)./, 70. 19. Sir Jim being fent by our King, C/i.nh'i IF to make Difeovcrics, toueh'd here for Refrelhments : U;ic was triik'd by the .Y'".'."/', who traiteroully ki/'d los Lieutenant and three Men, and ilelign'd to have fei/'d his Ship. Flie Olii.ers and Soldieis were richly apparell'd; the Sword Hilts and Handles of the Officers Canes were all of Gold ot great \alue, and ihe Hilts of the Sohiieis Swords were all of Silvc; and the) boalted they had fo much Silver and Gold, that they i. not value it. He talk'J with fome if the Natives, whoinform'd .lim that tiie .V;i.j«.Mr./) weie very cruel to them ; that they often attack'U the Sp.iiinifJi by way of Repril'al, fo that they durft not liir out of tiie Hounds of their Fort ; aoiiing,that the Natives we e Mailers of the (>o|d Mines, were a very warlike People, and would readily juin with any Power to drive out the .s/i.»/(,j>,/.. He fays, there are three lair Rivers that fall into the Harbour with great Streams ; that the Town lies on the Point of a Pcninfula, and the Harbour is defended b\ Time Forts; but is fo broad, that the (iims can't command it ; fo that it might ealily be taken. 'Fhey have no Emupenn Goods but by way of I'.numi and the River /..J I'Lii.t- And Sir yihii was of opinion, that a very good 'I'rade might be carried on in thife Parts, either by Leave from the Kingot Sp.iiit, or by four or five Ships of Force, from twenty to thirty Guns ; and that a rich 'Frade in Gold might be had in the South Parts of Unii by any that would nfc the Natives well, and pu lent them with Knives, Scillars, (ilalles, Heads, Combs, and fich like Commo- diiies; tor he found "em very iraetable, and over joy 'd, when he put them in hopes ol returning to that Country with a Conim jlion from his NFiller the King of /.'«i;/,;;;7. 4. 'File Jurifdietiori of OJoyno lies South from Baiiivi.i, and is nam'd from its Capital, Lat ;9, 'Lisa fmall 'Fown on a River, in a cold Country; but has fome Mines of Gold. And Sir J'lm N.tioruuf^h mentions it as a Place where they might have a good Trade tor that Commodity, _ 5. 'I'he jiirifdietion c{ C/iiU lies South from Ofuno, and conlilh of a Knot of lilands; the chief of which is Chiloe about a hundred and hfty Miles long, and thirty five where broadcll. 'I'hefe Parts were formerly vilited by the /v/V/y/j and DiitJi in Qiieen £/;z„iipf/A 'Fime, when they talk'd w ith the Natives, who inform'd them that there was plenty of Ciold in the Country ; but that the Mines were not wrought, moil of the People having been dellroy'd bv the Spit.iiaxls, and tiiofc in the Mountains were Fnemies to them. 'The .y.w.'.fr.Miad feveral Forts upon the Iiland of Chike, and a 'Fown nam'd Gi/ho. At the Well-end _ of the Iiland there's a Harbour call'd the /T/i^Ay/j Port, or iJrwiwr'j H.iveii, where both £/;,?////; and Diuh put in ; but found the Natives very treacherous, and loth" to part w ith their Gold. Here arc levcral other jurifdictions, but no; worth infifting on. 'Ihe third Province is that of Clikiino, orCio, wiiich lies "South from Chill, and is fej\iratcd from it by tiic y4i:Jf. Some nuke it a part of Chili. "I'is about feven hundred Miles loiv; from So.:th to North, and three luitidred and tweue wlieii ->>■ arprcln-iuitil t I OUR- I'.iiuh lit oi W'atoi, III! tl) lillDW I) tile Sliorc; li .iRap on a '"'•, aiul ti-ll rtus witli the cp.ircil hoil'il 1 11 was vciy ii ulninilaii: re he rcpair'J >!fti with the tin. its Capital, Illhttions : 7. Lonp. 7?. of a ilidiop and has a qiiin.h 'I 'he iiii.inlt, fjy, ) gather iu cifl populois ri'H, IS Capi- uil't warlil.e trouble lie- i( C IhipliCK, snob!) litii- d is tiic Sec iati'.es; b.ir , and i< To fi. In tins I. Sir y /,.! . and Li)nL;. our Km},', iK-nts : Uac l.ieiitinaut 'licOllIvers H.iiulics nt' li.e Hilts o( :d thcv h.id He talk'd tui.tr.h Weic by way ot' tluir Fort ; iscre a lery ' drive our ill into the Point of a but is (o t ealily be >« I and the vi:ry j^ood fc trom the ty to thirty Smith Parts I lent tneni i-c Gvninvf- licn he put 1 Jlion fr.):n id is na:n'd , in a cold de lor that ■onfills of a ndred and Parts Were •t/j's l^iine, t there was It wnnii^ht, and tiiofc liad 1'ever.il ■0. At the ii^lij!} Pott, : Found the Here arc lic> South nulie it a So>irh to The Spanifli Dominions in thfc Parts. 25P V. TERRA M A G E L L A N I C A. ^*'*;HF. Spna'utuU lompnland it under the general N'amc cf (hili: and fcmecall it the Country ot \.\k l\u,r lU. 'J'is of \ all I \tinr. Part (,t it lies Soutli of ChiH and Cvio, and fcy, reaihe'- to the N^l.th Si,i. 'The South Part of it reaches to 'Sii boih A>.;', and lies as far South as the Straits of Mi- ll has 7;„ uiiutu aiul the I'rov nice of /..7"/..i';, CTi. where Sir J'/w Alz-A-iw.?/. .ind other Sailors "hat e touih'd, and fuin.lli'd tlienifeUe^ with frtlli VVater, Fifli, and F'ow I ; and 'tis lo ill inhabited liy a icw (h) and ilragghiv^ N.irivcs, that it j'.;l!lv defervcs the Name of (he Dtii.t Lm]}. Otf of \i\c South- call Part, I.at.4.;. Lon};.co. lie thrfj Mands, hMWSMmI.I de IKrtu from .» /J -,.'1/1 Sailorwho dilVrier'd them in i-i^)-). 'i'heyare of little Note, but on'y that Slii'is paf, b) them as tiiey fail round Cape ILni into the .Vi.;,//) .*i.i. 'V.x Straits of M.i;^iil.iii, Cj famous fir beini; the firft P.illai^e that V ■"." difco\ er'i! by .1/,h\!.'.w, a Sfaui.i.J, trom the Wrih to the Smih Sm, lia\e been lo (if;cn delcrib'd, .ind are n w of fo little life lince the W'a} to tl;e Sril' \\i has bein difcoier'd by (Jape // ,», that we need fa;, luit little of them. M.i^^c'.'.iii };ave an Account oi a monflrous f;ij;antiiK People that he faw in and about thofe Straits, and partiai- larly at Port M. 7 '/'."' ; which modern .Authors .iiul Sailors are apt to tliinlv a Roman e : Yet Sd!:il I lU ll\c,t and Admiral l\iii Xi:,t, who were hcc in is;S, fa\', they faw fcveral Savar;es that were tenor eleven F'oot iiij'Ji They weie \try (icice, kill'd le\i.ral oii the D:,tJ> who l..iul(.d; and by their Acioaints appear to liaie been th ' moll brutill) Sa\a[;cs -hat e\er we;e he.ird of. Sir F.:ii.n Dr.ilc, Sir "tlvmM C.ni::.l"'<, and fcveral others, pal's 'd thefe Straits ; but the l.ilt E.iglib- >n,m \y\.o did it was Captain .V.ii('''/i,',!;A, afterwards Sir ^J).:, who was fcnt out upon D.fcovcries bj C/m.A 1 II. in ifc>,>. His Defcription is the belt; .uid we refer t, it. 'IhUe Str ,irs arc ,;;ene:ally dangerous, imlefs a proper Sc.fon be watch'd tor pairnt; and rcpaiiing tluni ; and then it m.'.\ be d. ne w itli V..\i\:. The lail kwf.Mi who pafs'd diem, was WonlnM l)^ li.wiJifiic (liwiii, a F '■.l''n,i>i, in i6')~j. He obllr- vtii that both flif C.iiniate and Na\it;.iti. n o( thefe Straits are very imcijiial, and that ''is iiant;criius to pafs tiicm in the Winter. The Spj:-ii'ih had foimctiy foiiic tjarihins lo hinJei' otlier Nations trom paillii'.; tlu fe S:iai:s,'b„t to little purpole. Thefe Straits lie about I.at. J5. at both I'.nds; but towards the middle they b^nd fartiier So.ith, tu Lat. 45 '. 'I'liL Lenptli of them, in a direct Line, is near four liinid.ed Miles; but tlie'i'urnings and Windings malic them a great ileal more. 7i'. r,j (A/ f.c:o lies on the South-lldeof 'cm, and was fo call'd be- cai:fe ct t!:e !ii..iiy Fires which M.r.\:'!iiii law upon it when he palled tiic Straits. S.uie inai.e it one continued Land; but modern I3ifco- veries (li-.'v iliat 'ti'i diiiiied into fcveral I ;.;nds : One at th.o Mouth of the S'-raits > n the Eaft-lide, is call'd F.rJ.iiil, and di'. ided from 7^./,; ,/■/ Fir^o I>> . narrow Channel call'd St.S:b.ijl'um\ h,kt ; and there arc tw V more on :h,.- Wed-Hde of 'Tir,\t dd Fm^o, one call'd the Straits if y I iJ.vtc, and another call'd St. IJilu;\'r I,:ht. The Country is ■n' abited by Savages, and is about "[.jo Miles trom Soith-eail to North-weft, and fioui C.^^ H r.i to the Mouth of the Straits on the r.aft-liJe about 2^0. On the Ea!l-(itie are the Straits of 1.! Mi'.)', io call'd from a Dm h Sailor, who difco\'.;r'd thcin. They lie be:wi\C tl'.c St.!ti.s Iiland and 7irr,( dd F/nyn ■ ,-ind Laft frr.m t!iat lies /).v,.-a,f-'s Palfage. F'aft from thence, Lar ■; 5. betw i.\t Lonr^. 50 cir 5 5. 1'e /.(; R'^ik'i Iiland, not t'ully difcover'd, and another call'd Uhiimvii Land ; bocwixC which lie /.,( /i.i/v's Straits, fo call'd from a. Fcih/pit.tn, win uf. over- ed tl.tm in 1075 ,■ and Eafl of them lies the Couife wliich Cait. .ShiVp took in his Return from the .Vo.v/Zj .Vc./ in 1681. Cape H ni, which is now fofamous, is the moft South Part of 7l;<.( i^W/r/f^y, inLat.^5.40. and I.onq. fT^, Biit the Coall Welt of it, is not well Known. S^'Umvu's Manils lie in the P.idlick, or South Sui. Authors dill'cr much about them. Ov.i/.'c, one of the hiteft Travelleis, places them iiio Lcirrucs Weft cf /'..■,v, between tf.e feventh and tv. elfth Degree's ci South L:'.:i:ude. Mondciir D:i F., places them betw i\r the eiglith and ninth : And fome place tlu'in in c!even. /,v)/( fays, for.ic reckon tiiem i.vcnry /.•■ Mvie thinl:s that the Minds of Ho n .wdC rd Hrpe, which he difcov ei'd in his V'oya'^'e toGiiiJ'.i, are two of them, becaufc he fouf.d rhem to a;4ree with the Defcription given by F.rdia.iad J. Qv/,-. They lie ccn- Miiiently tVr Rcfrenimcnt in the Vv'ay beti- i\t (.7).''', or />;■.•/, and the M!;i.t'<. Tliey are faid to abouml ^^ith Provilions ; and iheNa- ti'. cs exchange Cold for other Coinm 'ditics. They are \ cry ftont, and continuall}' at War w ith the .Sp,iiii.ird). Some of >hem are blaclt, others tawny, and all n.ikcd. I'ut Authors arc not agi-ccd whether this Ci)untry be really IllauJs or part oftheSouth unknown Continent ; Co that we muft leave it at an Uncertainty till furthe. Difeovery. We re- turn to the Contintnt oi Amcyi..i. VI. The Province of Rio de la Plata, jftf^wi",. lt:k II'. S F...ft from T<.:in:.iii, North from I'nr.i Magcll.niii.i, and South i :'ti,': Country of Jm.izui' and Br.iltl, which alfo runs alont; the I'alt-lide ^"i it as t'ar as the Mouth of I.u I'luia fk'-: Riur. 'Tiifo call'd t'rom the great River Lt Pl.it.i, which runs thro it. This Country re.ichcs t'roin South Lat. ::. to 5 ^ ;.. 'I'iie greateft listent Soutii and North is above 1270 Miles, and the liieattll L.stent I'.all and Well in the North Parts, under the 'Ti^'pii-'k ciCipiiiCiii, is .diiAC i;oo; but 'tis contracted at both Ends, 'lisal- ("o cali'il bv the Naiv.c o{ I'.i: .;:;.v,ir. Tl"' " i-'er is likcw ifc vMW Pa,vi<^imy d\\ ne.;r i'ts Mouth, where the Nam. as chang'd, becaule of the Silver Mines, and the tn eat Qiiantity of Plate found in the Country. It rccci\cs ni.niy great Rivers on both liJes ; and according to moft Authors, rifes trom the I.ake Ajr.i).' in t!;e Aiiur^cm Country, South Lat. 18. ;;nd falls into the r.:h:o!id Ocean, Lat. ?^ where 'tis abo\c a hundred and live Miles bro.nl, fioin Cape .V. M.iry to Cape .Vf . .^;;- tl',:\. AiidO;.' I'l s, if liiiu. V irhfuch a mighty Stream, as makes in but extreme idle, dull, and fenfual. Tiie MilTionaries pretend to have made many Converts ; but even by their own Accounts tiiey are but indilf'erent Chriftians ; nor do their Inlbinlitors take much care to make them better. They govern the Nati\es, w ho fubinit to them, juft as they pleafe, alfign every F'amily their Portion ot Grraind and Number of Cows and Oxen for Labour and Food ; and w hen they prove ia/.v, make them cudgel one another, which they take very patiently. And they teach 'em to dance, .as well as tohngin their Caurch.cs. Tliis Country is divided into the (ix following Provinces-. 1. Chaco, in the North-weft Part, is very fruitful ; but chie.'ly inha- bited by Savaues of d liferent Nations ; and many of them at continual War with thc'Sp.itiiaids. The MilTionaries fay, fome of 'em are of a gi- gantiek Stature'. The Sp.viiardi built fome Forts here to curb the Na- tives, and particularly a Town call'd Conception, which is now dcftro} 't!. 2. Giinwa lies Eaft' from Cbaco, and borders on By.if:!. The Country is fruitful, but not cultivated. The Spani.vds have fcveral Towns The chief of wjiich are, (1.) Gu.r^.i, i.ilLi'-j Citd.td Rc-d, un- ^^Iwr^^^^wiMTuiuimTiTiiliiKi twinty li\c Miles ^>^unll tioiu / .1 .Vi . . .,.(. I '..Ip.ir.i'l' lu s ncjr Q.nlf.ti.1, aiul Iitms is .1 Hailnuir 10 .S>. f/.-.,.-. 'I'liis Pl.Hc w:is t;il,i.ii by J>ii /;,/„. /. ^J..v<.-, wlio t'ouiid a Sli.p in the Hjilnnir, w itli ;i prc.it deal of tiold mi board. ;. 'I'lic liirikliciicn ot .SV. ''/.ry .h'Clili, (o call'J from its Cipital, I...t. ;4. I-ong. ■<;. ' lis ilic (!..,pit.il ot all C7//7/, tiic Rtlidcnro of tlii: .NV.j.i. ;!' Cnnciiior, tlic 5>iMt o\ .1 lloyal .Viiditinc, .uul the See ot a liifljJp SMiuiMn (i l.iiiu. It liis a'bait fcvtiny Miles Kail from the Sci ; is ricii and has .1 pood Trade by the River 7(/>i-(. )/;«,; '1 lie- City is rip. liar, well built, the Street- larf.c, tlic Cathedral Ciimptu- ous ; and h.rc aie w< e1.1I rii h Monalleries. V,'e[l fro;n this C:i...ll, in Lac -.\. about tiircc hundred and lilty "S'iks, lie the tv.oiief.u-t lllan..s ot f/.v,;)/ r.n.'.i/v./o, fo call'd fiomilie l'/ir.i.\rrer, vh.r pl.n.id, but aficrwariis le*'' them. Here aie (e\era Kavs, where br.ips put in to rtfielli, poid Water, Wood, and fueli pl.'ntv of I'ifli it all lots, tl:,,t in a few Hoursi nemay tai.e aMu^;\\ i'ov ('< 'W Ilundredvof Men; (o tlut the Filhery here is ei];;al to that cf A'i!i/i'. /,.7.;w,/. The Sp,i,.i.u.t> cone i Ken I ithcr to lilli, and fell them to /'■)•;.. There a'c Nuiltltudcs i f Seals in the Days wluiV Ii-r exceeds that of o.irOtrers, abiiudame li Sea-I.iius, and I'owl tt iVvLcal fi-ri.', vitii lu-re if wiM (nats, iind beautiful wild ( uts, the Kiccd .f tiiolc that weie left by the Pl.'nter. The Climate is (a prod, Yliat tl-.e 'I'rees and lields arc verdant all the Year. The Pro- duct is ehieily Cottcn, lari;c Piemenro, or ;7."'.m;..v Pepper-Tites, C. bb.pe-'l'rets, plenty of exielient Kitil'.en I kibs, fow'd b\ Ships th.it h.d piit in to repair, fi nie blael. Pepper, and Plums. .•- .v<;'/(/i7, a .V.|^'^ Mariner, liv'd .lone heu four Vears and \\'ur Months. He had been .Mailer of the ( .„./ i-l',it<. lie was in C.Miipany here V i:h Captain AJ.c/./.ut; but having a Diiteruiee v. ith his own Captain ^i.i.!/ii[\ aboi.t repaiiin;^ tl'.eSI'.ip, wliieli was very leal.y, .V Pound .t Powder, Outlets, I'l baeto, a Hatihtt, Knife, Kettle, J.iHe, »r... (enie n.ctical PiCres vi^h his M.itl ematiial Inihiiir.ents andlkol-.'. He built himfelftvo H;:ts in a Valley with Pieiiuiuo- Trces, e. ler'd il'.em w ith lonp (ir.is, and !;n'dtliem witli the M.ins cf Gouts, which he l.ir."d witli liisCiun. He h.ui much ado to bi.T i:p..gai:t!: Me!.:ni holy the lirft ii;j;'.; Mi nil, s; bat apply int,' inir.felfto ])cMtiii\, I'.e picw inorceafv. And when his I'.iwdcr was fpent, he fi l)ii:''ed by e. tcliinL; younp Kid' and 1 i("i, ot' uhit h he had plenty ; but vantiui; Ijre.iil and S.ilt, thev pro\ 'd lasatiie, l.> that he was lorcM to hiiiir Coats; in which he became fo desirous aiui l.i nuuhle, by tliis wav of Ininr; which pury'd l.im i.>\ M pn fs Humours, that he tc.cK li-.ctn at plcalare bv iwiltiiefs oi Fi ot,\fpccially as they clam- bci'dthe Ilil'.s and Rocl.s. C.iptain Ri;.-,', who b'oiiplit himott in 1-3:, f..w a Proof cf it; for liv lent out a |]u!l-l)op and lome of the bell Rt:npers he had en board, to hiip him latdi Coats ; but .V,/ ,,i- i.iCi. iii'ii boih DOS', lid Men, and fipon caupht a Coat. He liad wore cut .11 Lis iil.oes aiulClothis, and cover'o himlelt with (ioat-SKins; ami his 1 cet were prown fo hard, that he ran thio the \V< luls and Ri'ci.s V ithoiit any I'arn; ; and itvas fomc time befre l-.e could wear Siuc again, cdiinkau) thinp but Water. H:s Knife beinp wore out, Ite m. de I .ieis, as well as he could, of fime old Iron Hoops, that had L.eenlef: alhoic, where Ships had meiidid their ('asl.s ; jiid having no Niuile, he mace i.fe ci a Nail, and tl.e Worikd of old Stocliins, to fiitih feme Linen Cloth he had by him into Siiirts. The Piemenfo- W'oi d was his Firing, w'luh he kindled by rubbing two. Sticks tupc- ther ci; l.is Knee ; and l.e feafon'il lis Diet v ith the lYppcr. He w as at Hrll pefter'd with multitudes of Rats, which gnaw 'd hi'-Clothei and Icct w lien ai.eep ; but he h\i tiie w iki Cats w ith CoatsT'klh, by w hich n-ny I f 'em became tame, and foon clear'd him of the Rats. He lil'.ev ii'- tam'ii fi me Kids ; rnd luvs and then diverted hiiulell by run- ning :di,>ut ;nd d,-.ncing w ith tiiein and his tame Cats. So that liy the He'.pot Proiidence and hi, V.iuth, being not then above twenty li:. Vc.r'oid iie couijuer'd alltiic Inrou'.uiieiicies of hisSolitude, and bic. ir.e (o e.f}, that when he heard Captain D./w/Zcr, whom he did notliv., was in Company, he chole rather to (lay ;iniore than go on lioaril \.hcre he was. liut Captain iJ; ■ s who had the Command, fir.din;- .'klliik to be an able Sailor and a ftnut Man, made him his ^■f . re ; atid iie v. as very fon iceable to him af(.erv ards at the the taking vt'G. ;;r;f7.7. 'Fw o ^f.wijh Ships put into the Iilaiid while SilkirL was hx' : : VkX I now ing what they were till he came near, lie fied back to the Wi ods as foon as he perceiv'd them to be .S/vi-;/.i> 7i ; lor lie knew tlifv wt.ul I murder him, or make him a Slave. 'I'hey fliot at, and pur- iu'd iiiu ; i'.it he tf.ap'd. Whin he (awCaptain R:ierf\ Ship approach, he knew 'em to be Eiigli;h by their working, and kindled a large Fire TTTrTiirpln M Kinc Tlu i,l..iuls ot /,/./,/,/ laiuihc. to gather 1.. Ihis I own has a large Ferntory, which is one of tiic moft populo.is P.Tts of Chti. Ai-a:.\i', about fifty Miles South of Qintfiiuii, is Ciapi- pital if its Dilhict, inhabited by the ,/i.(«ui«', the moll warlike People of C/i;7/, whogave the-Sz-dw/./n/f a great deal of trouble be- fore thc\ fiibmitted. :. 'Flic fiiiifdittionof //w/im.i/t- lies Siiiith from that of CniitpiioH, and is (1.) n.im'd fnun the Fow n Impouil, Fat. 4:. Which is nobly litii- atcd 'u\.\ fruitful Country, that has rich Cold Mints ; and is the See of a Fidi. pSuiiiaganot'A;w./. I: was dtflroy'd by the Natives ; but lince iduiilt. ;. 'I'he jurifdiction o( R.iUiiia lies South of Imfcri.tU; and is I.) n.tm'd from its Capital, on the bottom cf a Day, Lat.41. In this lurifdiciion are Mines of tlie purell Cold in all Aniiin.i, Sir JJia A^.i/'i'id' ;A pLicis the Mouth of the FLubour inLat. 39. <;(>. and Long. Welt from the /wt./r./, 7.:>. 19. Sir 7-/j« being fent by our King, (.7'.)i/.. IF to make Dilioveries, toiielul here for Refrelhments but was triik'd by the .Y.ii.;./!,/., who traiteroiiily fei/'d his Lieiiicnaiit and three Men, and delign'd to have fei/'d his Ship. FlieOllivers andSolilids were richly apparell'd ; the Sword Hiits and Handles of the Orticers Canes were all of Ciold ct' great \ahie, and the Hilts of ti;e Soldicis Swords were all of Silver; and they boalled they had fo much Silver and Cold, that they did not value it. He tall, 'J w it!i fomc ( f the Natives, who inform'il him that the Sp.ii:i.:ril) weie very cruel to them ; that they often attack'd the Spiiiiold Mines, were a very warlike F'cople, and would readily juin with any Power to drive out the .Y.i'"<"'''.' He lavs, there are iliiee fair Rivers tiiat fa'l into the Harb.nir w Ith great Streams ; that the 'Fow n lies on the Point of a Pcninfula, and the HarboBr is defended bv fuue I'orts ; but is lb I'road, that the Cnins can't command it ; fo that it mii;iit ealiiy be taken. I'hey luv e no r.uup,,ui ( ioods but by w ay of I'.iii.imt and the Rivir la ri.ii.h And Sir 7'7" was of opini.'n, that a xery good 'i'raiie might be cariied on in tl.ifc Parts, either by Ixave from the Kiiigof Sp.iiii, or [)y four or live Ships rl' lorce, fromtwcniy to thirty Cuns ; and that a rich Frade in Cold miglit be had in the South Pjrts i^{ ih.li by any that would iil'e the N.itives well, .iiid pulmt tiiem vith Knives, Siillars, (ilallcs, liead>, Combs, .uul f;ch hive (commo- dities ; for he tomui 'em »ery tractable, and ovei )oy'd, when he put them in hopes ol returning to that Country with a Comm ili.ni tio;n his NFUler the King . t l'.ii.tion of r/)i/,.f lies Svuith from O/^i/io, and conll:ls of a Knot of lilands; the chief of which is ChiLe about a luin.ired and lifty Miles long, and thirty live where broadelt. Fhefe I'ai ts were formerly vilited by the /•.')/■,;///'' and !)/;./> in Q.ieen /•;/;i..iicv/)*s I'imc, when they ta'k'd w ith the Natives, who inform'd them that tlieie was plenty ol Cold m the ( ountiy ; but tli.it the Mines were not wrought, moil of the i'eople haiing been dillroy'd by the Sp.i,:i.i\M, and tlmle in the Mountains were I nemies totl.im. 'Fhe Sp.tni.ir.!' had leverai Forts upon the Maud of(/;7,c, and al'own n im'd C;//'m. At trie Well-end cf the Iliand th.ere's a Harbour call'd the /;>/j;.1' /V,/, or Bnir..:i't H.r.1,1, where both Eii^lijh and D iiji put in . but found tlie Natives very tieacherous, and loth to part w ith theirCold. Here arc leverai other (urildntions, but int worth inlii'ting on. I I'.c thud Provini c is that it (/;; '...'.i, or ( ai>, which hc^ South from thill, and is fiparated from it by the Ai::r. Some nuke it a pait ot Chill. 'Fis about k-\{:n hundred Miles I.mv; In m S i.ith to North, and three hundred and tweUe where biiailell. Oi.i.'/, fays, 'tis fo fruitful, that in many things it e.sceedsC/).//. Fhe Crops are better, the Fruits larger, and ot a tincr Falle, becaufe of the great Heati which ripen them more. 'Fhcy have Itore of Corn, Vv iiie, (;.vttel, Olive-Yards, great Plantations of Almv>nd-Fre.s, and all ll.ii.,p,.M Roots, Iruits, .iihI Herbs: Hut 'tis fubjea to Fiiunder, LiiTitning, and escellivc Heats in Summer, which f.) till the Houfes w ith poi- foiious Reptiles and InfeCis, that the Pople during that Seafon arc fun'd to llecp abroad in tlieir Cardens or Court-Yards. Here are riih Silver and Cold Mints; which being view'd by ihe Miners of i'mfi, they f.iiil they were the riciiefl in the Iiidii^. 'Fhe Sp,t>ii.i'cl< be- gan to work tluiii ; but ho doubted of their Succefs, becaufe of their great Diliance Iroin the Sea and navigable Rivers, and their want of Hand'., and fining Cnards ; fir the neigliUuirin:; /../.'./i/i are tlieir Fnemiis. Flic Sp.iiuu.M have three little 'Fowns here, bur cf no great Note. V. TERRA .MMiMinii,iniii nil .111 I II 111 uu.u iiij rW'n5.!l«!i-,uT>(nchv. I,, .a • .ut ikicslitiU ..t iU,noNsn, vMcpr ;i leu I'l.ircs o» il,c Coaii, as loi-c/j,y„., lonsi.yuli.,.,, c:;.. vhcrc Sir 7,/,,/ A',r/;.m,r/, and other Bailors liavct()iidul, aiui turMilli'il Uicmfthi s w itii trtlhWaaT, Hrt>, aiul Vow I ; anil 'tis lo ill inhaUittd I)) a feu flu and llramlin." Natives' that It jtiUly defervfs tlie Name of tlic DvUt Ui/f. O'tt iit" -'lie S,i"ii:h' calll'art, Lar,.],.;. I.ong.^o. lie thrfc Mands, call'd.sVW,,/./ ,/? Wr,/., uom.xD,fil) Sailor whu dilVovcr'd them in m^;-;. 'I'hcyaie ot lici ■ ls\>ti-, l)iit only tiut Ships pafs by tjicm as tiiey fail round Cape IL,n into the Soiiih S'.i. T;-c Straits of M.i-Jl.w, fi famous f»r bcint; the firft PaflhRc that V .V .:ilC(» ( I \| ..y /l/.(i;. //,(//, a .S'f.wi.t.J, hvm tiie .Vw/A to the .S'w//) S,;,, lia\e been fo('l:eii (Ufiril)"d, and are n -w of fi little life (ince tlic \\'a\ to tl;e .V. /A.'i'./ lias been difeou'i'd by Cape // ,/;, that we need fay but little of tlicni. A/;^>.''.(/; gave an Account of a monftroi:s t;iKantuK 1V( pic tiiat lie favs in and about thofe Straits, and parti. u- 1 11 ly ar fint ; ;, 7 ,li,iii ; v. liieii mcdern Autiiois and Sailors arc apt to think a Koman e : Yet .V/Wm// ,/, /f^.,f and Admiral y.m \'u.„t, vhii vcre here in iv;8, fay, they faw feveral Savni^s that v ere tenor tlivtn loot iii;;h 'I lity vtre \try fierce, kill'd (everal of the D.aJ> y\h- I. nded; ami by their Accounts appear to have be;n th: mod brurill) S,nar.cs -hat ever were heard of. Sir E,iii.n Dr.il:, Sir 'Tl'nM r.r.. ,)./•;'', and fevcral others, pafs'il tliefe Srraits ; bat the laic E.rjiji- M.iii \vl,o did it vasCaptain Xt l',.'«h, afterwards Sir 7, /,„■, \vlio was lent out upon Difc.ntries by f/j,;./. 1 11. in i(f'). liis befcriptiun is tia- lieii; andweufert it. Tliefe Str. its arc fjenerally dan_^eroiis, i.nlif. a proper Se..fen be vaii ii'd for palliii!,'and repailing theiii ; and tl'.cM it m.iy be d. uc w ith J.afc. 'I'lie lall kii.^pi.m who "pafs'd tlicm, was Munlieur yj. /!:.iuJ.f,u- d'oinii, a Funhium, in irti;.;, He obfer- vcd that botli the C imate and Natination of thcfe Straits are \ery ine.iu.il, ,.nd that 'tis iiangcroii* to pjfs them in the Winter, 'llio Sp.i ■inM had foimeily fome (Jaritins to liin.ioi- ot.'icr Nations from I'ailiiu; til. fc Stiaits, but to little purpofe. I'lielc Straits lie about »c es Ihi'v .,iat 'ti. di\idtd into llvcral 1 nds . One at t:,. aI" 4^ tlic S'rairs in the f£a(t-(ide, is call'd I'rJuiil, .iiul dri'itd from 7t''V,( ,/,/ Fiivi^o h\ \ narrow tliannel call'el St.S:b.t]li.tn\ hiUt ; aiul there art t\» i; more on :li .■ Wtll-llde ol [', > ,,i Ml Buvi, one call'd the Si (f J I hheii; and another call'd .Sir. //;7oR'f"/,;/a. 'I'll •nabited by Savages, and is about v|t Miles from Soi th-eail to Norc!i-vcf>, and from Cape H r,i to the Month of tlie Straits on the Tafl lide aboiit j^o. On the Eai'i-lide are the Straits o'i l^Mi.tv, (o call'd Irom a DutJi Sailor, who difcover'd them. 'I'hev lie b^twi el riu" Mtiliti c ('oiintry is ,\t 's *.»■.*. 1 1 III 1 1 u lyituri jtiiiui , w \nf mil .!> ^i II Kit 111. I lie V lie e>>. k\\ lAw the States liland and Ttriu JJ r^yn ; and liafl from tlia: iics /J. ,.,;;,f, 's I'allace. Fall from thence, Lat 5 s betwi\t l.ong. sncir 55 1 e/ .'/J"i/'('* liland, not fully difcover'd, and another call'd UhHiiuwii laHtl ■ bccwixt vliich h\ /.,( R.k's Srraits, fo call'd from a fWih/rmiii, whoihf.ovcr- ed tluiu in 1675 ; and Eaft of them lies the Couifc wliirh Capr. Skvp took in jiis Return from the Smtb Se.i in irSi. Cape //.;/, v.liich is now fofamoiis, is the mod South Part ofVc,./ (/e/ Ar-.-jc, in Lat. ^?.. p. .:;id I.i ni < Hut the Coai^ Welt of it, is not well know n. ^■ivnMt'i Mands lie :n the P.uijkk, or Souih Sut. Authors dilVer much about them. 0;,(/V, one of the hitefl 'I'ravclleis flares them 8^0 Learrues Well of /'. .V, between the fcventh and ■ .■ elfili Degrees oi SoiiVli L Mnnlleur Du Rr places them betv. :\r the eigh'.h .'.tid ninth l.utth • ■ - ..'.riaMe. ._, .'Vlld foitT." .Ill in cie\en. /.vift fir. s, lone reckon cl. em ■ v inty /.i M.rie tliinl.s that the Jllands ol fl) ii .md (,•,! Hupe, whi^h he difcovei'd in his V'o)a','e uiGiiii.i, arc twoof iheni, becaufe he found tlicm to .aj^rcc w ith the Hefeription given by RrMnMiiU: Q'li,: They lie ccn- u niently for Rcfrellimcnt in the Way betwixt C/i.i'i, or l'e,:i, and the A/i/rtiui'i. 'I'hey arc faid to abound with Provilions i and tin Na- tivescxehangcGoId for other Commodities. They arc veiy llour, and continuall)' at War v, ith the Spaii'nir.ls. Some of ihem are black', others tav iiy, and all naked. lint Authors arc not agreed whether this (\Hintry be really lilanJs, or part of'thcSouth iinlnownConciiieiK ; (o that we mufl leave it at an Uncertainty till tur'Jie. DJeOvcry. We re- turn to the Cunhntn. oi Amoi..i. VI. The Province of Rio dc la Plata. 11. Sr...ll from 7'..:i along tiie r..iU-lide <'\ it as far as the Mouth oi L.i il.n.t % .• Ruer. ' Tisf) call'd from the gre.T Riur /(/'/,(.'.(, which runs t!;io it. This Country le.iciies from South Lat.;:. to 35 y- 'I'iic greatcft Exte'it So'.ith and North is above ij"o Miles, and the fjcatifi Lxtcn: Lall and We'i in the North Parts, uiuier the Tropick it C'/i/idw, is ..111. 10 1 ; "o ; but 'tis ( mitracttd at both Kiids. 'I is al- lii call'd by the Naif.c of /'.i .y.'-Mi. The River is likcw ile call'd Pii^.r^iiiiy till near its Mo'.it!i, w litre the Name was chang'd, becaiilV of the SiKci Mines, ^nd ilie gie.i: Qciantity of Plate found in the Country. It ieiei\es many great Rivers on both lid.cs; and accoriling to mofl Au;l'.'. rs, riles from th.e Lake A'o.ni in th.c .-I'lt,!:. i:> Country, South Lat iS. .'.nti fills inrothe ljlr,^:,l: Ocean, I ..t. ;?. where 'tis above a hundred and tive Miles bro.u!, from ('ape .V. Mm to Cape .'>. .■/;.'- i/kii\. Ard 0;,i/f li ^, it run-, v ith f.ieh a iiiig!ity Streatti, as makes tl-.e Sc: f.wlh t'oi a gieat way. I);;t I'athcr Spp, who was here m i6.;i, L-ys, ti'ie Water a: ti.e Minitii ct it is fait, and o.' a whitiili Colour. It abottnds V ith e-.ceilem I'lfli of many forts unknown to iis ; tliey arc jenerally lartjer than ours, ol ,» ilaik yellow Colour, and cx- tclhn; TaHe. 'I his he af libes to tlic Natuie ot the Water, which is \ery fwecr, mucli helps Digeftion, even after eating raw Fruit, and never does any limr, tho lir. nk in great Oiiantities. 0;.i.(V lays, 'tis pood to clrar the \ oice .'.lul Liinqs ; \et it petrihcs the Hranches ot Tues.ndi'ther 'I'iiiugs whiih fall into it; and that Vellels are natii- ra!l\ form'd in it^ S.uul of various Ligures, which look as if they were pclui.'d by Alt, and keep Water \er\ co.il. I'he Courle of it, in a tlirici Line, is near f.mrteen hcndred Miles; but nuich more, inclu- ding I'liriiings and W Hidings. I his Country in general has a tempe- rate CI :;natc". The Scil is naturally fruitful, but little cultivated. Here aieir.;n;, Miif.-s cf Cold and Silver, which the .V/,;,./ '!• jefuirs, who have the cliiU' l.overnment, know better tlum any others, and leap n;i re Protit fio'.ii them than all Sp.ir.i together. 'I'he S.ivages arc veil ii.ough niai>'d, not lo eiuel as tliolc m other Parts ot J,;.,;..;, but extreme idle, dull, and fenfaal. The Miilionaries pretend to have maile m.my C!onverts ; but even by their o\>.n .-Vecount.s the;,' arc but indifferent Chriliians ; nor do their InllriiCiors take much care to make them better. They govern the Natives, wh..-. fubmit to them, jud as they pleafc, ailign every l-'amily their Portien of (iroutid and Number of Cow sand Oxen tor Labour and Fiod ; and when they prove la;'y, make them cudgel one another, which they c.da' \ery patient ly. And they teach 'em to (l.ou-e, as well as to ling in their C'nirch.es. This Country is divided into the fix following Provinces'. i. Clhuo, in the North-well P.irt, is very fruirhil ; but chicHy inlia- bited by .Sa\ aues of ditferent N.^cions ; and man;,' of them at continual War w ith the Sp.ii:i.iil<. 'I'he Miilionaries f.n , fome of 'em arc of a gi- gantick Stature'. The Sp.niiaJ' built fome Forts liere to curb ti.ie Jsa- tives, and particularly a Town call'd G.i;,i'/''n'o;.', which is now dellrov \l. 2. Cjii,i\r.i lies Eali from f.'/i.;..), anil borders on Brj/!'. _ The Cnaiitry is truit licrc , , der th.e Tropick c( C.ipiiconi, Lat. 24. Loiig.4t;. I KJIIitiytt lies L..m o UIU ^.l',t< ", .lllll l»ui li\-i -> v-.i xj' .(,;* . i .i%- v.. ..mji i ^ 'uitli',1, but not cultivated, '['he Sp.i;::.r,\li have fevcral 'I'owns : I'hc chief of which are, (i.) G:i.v.;:!, ixli.i', CiiJ.t! R^.:-!!, \m- uer th.e Tropick c( Cipiiceni, Lat. 24. Loiig.4t;. 'I'is not populous, becaufe the Air is bad'; and 'tis fubjctt to ti.e Invalions ot the Natives. (z.) The Town of .S'e-^vj/.'/i'iA.w^,/., fo call'd by th.e Jefiiits, who built it. ''I'is pretty populous. 'J'hey hadleveral otiier l .,wns, v hieh rlic South-wen: from fT.nr.T. 'I'i-.c .\ir Itivatcd, 110!' clcar'd of tltc pretty , Natives deflroy'i ^ The Province of P,n;ii:.i lies isgiiod, and the Soil fruitful ; but -Mt eu Woods \v ith w hich it abounds. A Riv er of the fame Name runs thro ir, and falls into I.t PLuu. It petrities W^iod. bret-ds Fifh oi a vaCr liulk, and particularly abundance of Sea-Wolves. 'I'iiis River h.as fe- vcral Iflands, fome' of 'cm very l:;rtze. The Natives are warlike lltibborn, and very v ickcd. The .S/.- have .'•', cSertleir.vnrs here the chief oi which is A.ituii, on the Wcil-fide vi tlic lUvcr P.i.,,, r. It was built by the Jefuits ; but is much infcftcd wicli Gnat.s. 'I'.'.^i rell arc ot' no Note. 4. The Province of r,r>v7.';'/(/y Proper lies betwixt T'';:'; andf7..7.;'.j, reaches fartlicft North vf any ol the Provinces, is ftil! of M.:ra!;e'. in ^. Q^y..t ^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) '^ ^/ "^ ^' KJ A ■" ^ /■e5 ^^.^^ /. sc. 2e H~ 10 1 1.1 11.25 ■a 122 12.2 2.0 S«.i 1.4 1.6 -1^ /w ^;. i? / -^ Photographic Sciences Corporation as ^/BT MAIN STRin (716) 872-4 i03 ^. i «p 260 SOUTH AMERICA: the Xoith P.irt<:, but friiitfi:! in tlic South, vhcrc the Inhabitants apply ihcmll-lx IS to Atjricultiirc. 'I'lic Spa)!im\U ha\ c- fomc Settlements here ; but n-nc oF tlicin,T\orth defcribing. The Couiury produces abun- dance of Cotton, V liich tlie Women fpin, and make into Clothes. 5. 'I'iic Province of V.vaig, or U,agua\, lies South from Parana inA C:.i\ra, an-l Weft from Bitifil, and reaches as tar as the River Id Pliiia. '1 nis Country is fruitful, produces abundance of Sugar, has a large Ki>cr of its ovn Name, and leveral others which fall into it, and make it very large before it joins with that of Lt Plita. The Spa- >:l.iyJs have fcvcral Towns here ; the chief of w hich is A0umptm, I.at. :';. Long. ^:. at the Inilux cf another River into the Urvaig. 'i is Cipitjl of tiic Country, and the See of a Eilliop. St. Salvador, in tki.s Country, near the Mouth of the River Negn>, where it falls into the LVi./;^, Lat. 54. is a handfome little Town. The reft of the Country is inhabited by Savages. <•. 1 he Province of La Plata Proper lies South of Ckvo, Parana, anu P.ii.i^ti.iy, and Weft from Urvaig, or Urnguny ; Eaft from I'muman, and Nonli from I'erra Magnlianka. The w liole Country being fre- cHiently call'd by this Mame, 'tis hard to diftinguifli what Authors ?a\ of it in particular. The great River La Plata runs thro the mid- dle of it. Acefta and other Sfaiiijh Authors fay, 'tis very fruitful, pro- duces all forts of £7*)(i/'t.w/ Fruit and Corn, befideS wiiat is proper to the Climate ; and has as good and large Sugar-Canes as any in Ame- rna. Here's excellent Pafturage, great Herds of Horfes and Plack Cattcl, w hich run w ild, but arc \ cry fcrviccablc when tam'd ; as alio abi.ndance of Siicep, Hogs, Deer, fome Lions and Tygars, Mines cf Gold and Silver, and many of Brafs and Iron. Fatiier Scpp, who w.uiierc in 1691, fays, the Inhabitants in general arc Papilis ; that the native LuHms live in tliatch'd Huts of Clay, one Story higli ; but the Siai:iaiJ> Iloufcs are of Brick and Lime, and cover'd with 'riles, alt wliicii :hcy m.-.l,c in the Country. Here are large Woods of Peach, Ai:"ind, and Fig-Trecs, all which bear veil. They liave black and_ V. i:i:c Figs, \try large and delicious. He fays, tiiey have Herds of Kinc from tliirrccii to fifreen thoufand. Tlicy are large, and generally vliito, and valued here only for their Hides. The SpMii.v J) fcarce t.lvC any thing but tl,c 'J'ongues, and leave the reft to the Natives, or for a Prey to" wild Beafts. ' I'he Jcfuits and other Midlonarics make \aU Pri lit o( thtm, and fend riie Hides, which coft tiien nothing, to SpaJ: by many Fhoufauus at a time, wiicrc they jield fi.\ Crowns a- piecc. Sepp fays, that w hen he was here they fcnt 500000 Ov-Hidcs to Spain at once. The Nati\ cs live moftly upon Beef, that they cat halt-raw without Bread or Salt; which breeds Worms in their Bowels, fo that they (eldom live to fifty Years of Ap. He tells us, that there are fcventy'li.v Cantons of Converts in tin's Country, from 6000 to jooo People apiece ; that they plant their Huts upon Afccnts near tlic Rivers, which have no Windows nor Chimneys, and arc intolerable fmoky. Tiiey lie all together in one Room ; tlie better fort in Hammocks, and the poorer upon the Hides of 0.\en or Tygers. He fays, there arc twoMiflTionaries in each Canton, who are their Cooks and Caterers, as well asPricfts, and allot cacii Family their Share, otherwife they wouhi devour all at once. He fays, here arc eighty Colleges of Monks, from a hundred to iix "umdrcd Leagues from one another, and but a hundred and lixty Perfons in them all. He makes the Country call'd La Plata in general bigger than Gctmaii), Italy, France, and the Nethtr- laiids together. The MilTionarics have fine Churches in every Colony, richly adorn'd with abundance of Plate, and live in fucli Splendor and Luxury, that they furter no Strangers or Merchants to fettle among them, left they fliould become tlic Objcfts of their Envy. The chiefPlaces here are, (i.) Buenos Ayrcs, on the South-fide of the River /..jr/jM, Lat. 55. Long. 59. about two hundred and twenty five Miles up the River. 'Tis the Relidence oi iSpan-;h Governor, defended by a ftonc Fort with forty Guns, and gariCon'd by five hundred Men. It has a pretty good Harbour; but not very (xic in a North or North-eaft Wind. The River here .s fcvcn Leagues broad, and navigable by Ships fix Leagues higiicr ; but no furtiier, l>ccaufc of a Catarad. The Trade from hence to Spain i.s in Hides and Tallow , Silver from Ptm, and Gold and Silver from Chili. All I'.!o\)pc.tn Goods yield a good Price here. Captain /{.gen, wiiowas here in 1708, fays, here was a Cathedral and five otiier Churches. Sepp mentions four Convents; and fays, that in \('ji. Silver was cheaper here than Iron. 'Fhc Etnch, during ;hc late Wars, had begun to engrofs the Trade, and drove a, conliderablc Commerce in Negroes from Guinea, which they fcnt from hence over Land to (.7)/// and /'err/. (1.) .V./,;,7.j /!■, upon the Conilux nf tvo Rivers into Li Plata, two hundred and fifty Miles North-weft from ll.uiws A\rfs. The Country betwixt them is fruitful, well inha- bited by .T;'.w/.ji-'ini55i by .-Hv.ire.' Call' 0, a P'jrtuiutfe, in name of lu's Mafter. 'J he ri„Ani.uie leveral Settlements here afterwards, but were drove out by tiic Pitug.itit ; as they were again out of moft of it by the D.aJ>\ who loft it again in lijjj, the D.vn/; being then at War with /". ,^'..^.,.', end not able to f.ipport their Colonies : Befides, the Purtu- guih, who h.id fubmitted to them, were very treacherous. The Air is a little hot, but liealthful, and the Peojile livelong. Their Water is e.NccIltnr, and the Country produces Tobacco, Cotton, Maiz, Mil- Kr, Citi<'n>, Oranges and other Fruit; but the chief Product is Su- gar, ill ni.diing cf which the Pi^rtuguefe employ vaft Numbers of Ne- Mocs. Here's plenty of Cattel, and many Forcfts c f 5(y//(/ Wood. Ihc Nati\es are of an 01i\e Complexion, and a middling Stature, i.„ve b'g Heads, large Shoulders, and great llat Noles ; and arc fo cruel aiu! l>.o barons, that many of them cat their Prifoncrs. Moft of tlitm go naked; and others wear the Skins of wild Beads. They aie iT.uih uulin'd to War, love Hunting, Dancing, andFeafting; li\e alir.oft without Law or Government, and couple promifcuoully, iwrcpt I'.'.! cuts and Children. They live for the moft part in Woods, vr,\A lie in a fort of Ilaniniocks faften'd to Trees, to avoid Serpents and i".i;crviiiiMnoiis Beads, with wiiich the Country abounds. Barlai«, a Di.h Author, and N.\:,'/."[f, another, give the bcft Defcription of it ; iuid to tlicm w c muft refer for Particulars. The Portuguefe have divided it iiiro liftccn Captainfliip along the Coaft, as follows : I. 'I hLCaptainfliipof /'iiiviis tiic moft Nortlierly, and lies Eaft from tI)t.M' irli of the .'/'■/.7z,''i/j River. It produces I'obacco, Cotton, and S' "..r. Tiic Pi,ti'"i,el',' have tw o Towns here : (i ) Para, or /i./, >«, on ;. The Captainship of Siara lies Eaft from Mtragnvi ; and part of It IS inhabited by independent Savages. It furnilhcs Cotton, Chrsftal, Precious Stones, Sugar, Salt, and (everal forts of Wood. The chief Place is .Siara, a fmall Town with a Fcrt, at the Mouth of a Ri- ver of the fame Name, Lat. 4. Long. 40. They iiavc other Settle- ments at St. Sebajlian and Coiitpan ; but the reft is inhabited by Savages : And the m( make great Qiianties of Sugar. 5. The Captainfliip of Paraiba lies South from Rio Gn^nJe, has its Name from the River which crolles it, and tho not large, is very po- pulous. Here are Mountains cover'd with Woods. I'he Valleys produce Tobacco and Fruits; and the plain (."ountiy yields ftorc of Sugar, w ild Fow 1, and Parrots. 'I'he Portuguefe here are mor? nu- merous than the Savages. Their chief Settlements are at Parniba, a pretty ftrongTovn, on a River of the fame Name, South Lat. 7. Long. 36. The Dutch formerly call'd it Fiederickjladt, and the Portugutfe commonly call it .S'. Miria de las Nives- It has a good Harbour, de- fended by four Forts. 6. Tumaraca lies South of Paraiba, and has its Name from a little Ifland on the Coaft. Tho 'tis the leaft of all the Captainftiips, being but two and twenty Leagues in Compafs, yet 'tis the antienteii, and ex- traordinary fruitful. The Portuguefe have a little Town here call'd St. Mary de la Conception, South Lat. 8. Long. %6. It lies in the Illand oiTamaraca, and is defended by a fmall Fort, to which the DutJ) gave the Name of Orange. 7. /'crw/imtoo lies South of 7;crr!,a,Ki,/e f.oni tlx Ships, or clfu carry tl,cni far aho, r 'i-i ri I '.c iicic arc inc, cfncciallv tliL- M.-rm-, i , "^ ^ ' '"= ^liur- ok Cl) Kill S I L. 261 '::::^!::)^:^s:'7:::t^:i^ ^crci,i;n Cnuncil. Tlic Hailwur tlic Royal Amlicncc and So- ..lun,,' the I^ivcr oF .S>. K.JaV ^ ^ "''"• ' '''=^•'^■^8" '"-^ . .o- 'rh. Carrainlhip of ///v„, Soutl. of r.,/.. los Samos Ins the Kimc t,o,n one ot its Rivers, h ab.,>,„dv ^vith S S ' I cl f R.vtr //A.,,. I i,cv have another octtlenicnt at St. Crui^^o S aI m,o. r l,c refl of the Country .. moftly inhabited by SauRcs ir. IheCaptainilup of /',ip of %r//. ,V.,«,, South of the former, is one of c mA\ fru, h, ,n Br„p!, ,s vatcr'd by the Rivers of ParaL and.^^- there s. ,n,.!l City ot the fame Name, Lac. 2.. Long. 4,. ThcSa- vagcs inh.,l.it tlic red of Province. •- 't, -t'. ■• "^^a R ill ;'" '^'f^ ^V'"^'- '"^ ''^'' '^^ ^'^-"^ '"^«"' its principal nrar the Mouth ot the Rucr 7j«,./,v, on a hi); in Ut. :i. Long. 24. i 11 °n ^""'^ T"^''^ ^"'^ the See of a Bifhop. SufTrngan to fl k r.t • n,^''' ""' ^'^^ Settlement which th« /'„.U.;J E [n Is C Ptainfhip ,s ^«.?.., ./„. R,y, , bur the reft of the Cot^try s fir d e moll part inhabited by Savages. There are fome Illands near tl^ Coaft; m one of which the/-,.;./; built a Fort in xjj,. butdid S Jn' I}'" ^'^^'T^}y °^. ^'- ^'"ce"t. Weft and South-Nveft of Rio 7a- Cou^t an f ; !'■' ' '■°Px.''' '^* ^"^'•'"^»- "Ti^ ^ very , leafant f £, V cr M nl-s t rr ^TT'' '" ^vl'ich there are Ta.d to be Sil- aniSand I ,1 r' ^'''""' "f/'^' '''^" ^^'^^' ^^irh a good Port i„ here ? M"l;^°"^'--^^i. The P«;,„,,,;;. have other Settlements ncrtat ia.iBo! it. Amaro, H.taiichin, Philippuvilla, a;iH St I'aul- but the reft ot tlie Ciptai„n.ip is inhabited by Savages. ' r', 'r a'" ^'T"'""?'P of Od Rey lies South-^^ eft from St. Vnmu on t..e Coaft as tar as the River LaPluta. Itabounds with Pepp* Gi^ f,f;nS "■■'', ^°"°"%^°?'' ^"'i^^''- B"^ ^vc have n^o Accou t o ny To^uls here, moft of it being inhabited by Savages ; onh he La't '5 T £'" '/'"'""'"' *'" ''^'^ North-fide of die River /,« 4/.!' rifn/'^R'" 'T°" '"'n ^'''-^'' '■" 8^""^'' '^""'■'^ ^^"'l fine Linen i^^f Rf -• ' f,':[S':S^Pcrpetuana's, Nuts, Silk and Thred Stock- ings. Bifcu.t, Wheat Flower, Wine, Oil, Olives, Cutter. Cheefe, ^.1 r Salt Beef and Pork, Iron, and all forts of Tools. Vellbls of lewter, Looking-Glafles, Beads, and Toys, which they exchancc for Siigar, 1 obacco, Smift; Fuftick, Brafil and other Dying Woods, raw Hides, Tallow, Train Oil of Whales. Monkeys. Parrots, and Par- rofutes 1 hi Portuguefe have fmall Veffels that trade to Guinea v ir'i Rum. Sugar Cotton Cloth, Beads, and bring good Returns in Gold, FINIS. % ». i.« Hhhh The Ill^lllllf I ^^ and North I'iom Tetrn Migtlianica. 'The whole Country being frc- cjuently call'il by this Name, 'tis hard to diftinguifli vliat Authors fa\ of it in particular. The great River La Plata runs thro the mid- dle of it. Aafln and other Spattijh Authors fay, 'tis very fruitful, pro- duces all forts of £tt)P/t',i« Fruit and Corn, befideS what is proper to tlic Climate; and has as good and large Sugar-Canes as any in A'ne- rha. Here's excellent Paftnragc, great Herds of Horfes and Black C:ittel, which run wild, but are very ferviceablc when tam'd ; as alfo abundance of Sheep, Hogs, Deer, fomc Lions and Tygars, Mines cf Gold and Silver, and many of Brafs and Iron. Father Sepp, who w-isherc in i6<)\, fays, the Inhabitants in general arc Papills; that the native Indians li\c in thatch'd Huts of Clay, one Story high ; but the SjaiiiarJs Houfcs are of Brick and Lime, and cover'd with Tiles, all which they ni;,l,c in tiic Country. Here are large Woods of Peach, AliiH-nJ., and Fig-Trees, all which bear well. They have black and_ wl'.itc I'igs, xcry l.irge and delicious. He fays, they iiavc Herds of Kine from tliiitccn to Hfceen thoufanJ. Tiicy are large, and generally wliite, and valucvl here only for their Hides. '\'\\c SpMiia: .{> fcarcc t.,la a.iy riling but tlic J'onguc^, and leave the reft to the Natives, or for a I'ley to wild Healls. ' I'he Jcfuits and other Mifiionaric; make xait Pti lit o'i them, and fend the Hides, which coft them nothing, to i>pah! by many Tlioufands at a time, wlierc they )ield li.\ Crowns a- Luxurylthauhc^urterm^rr^^ left they fliould uecome the Objects of their Lnvy. The chief Places here are, fi.) Buenos Apes, on the South-fide of the River Z,i»/'/aM, Lat. 5 J. Long. 59. about two hundred and twenty five Miles up the River. 'Tis the Relidencc o( a Spaiiij?) Governor, defended by a ftonc Fort with forty Guns, and garilon'd by five hundred Men. It has 3 pretty good Harbour ; but not very ufc in a North or North-caft Wind. The River here is fevcn Leagues broad, and navigable by Ships fix Leagues higher ; but no further, bccaufc of a Cataraft. The Trade from hence to Spain i.s in Hides and Tallow, Silver from Peru, and Gold and Silvci from Chili. All European Goods yield a good Price here. Captain /{(^fx, who was here in 1708, fays, here was a Cathedral and five other Churches. Sepp mentions four Convents; and fays, that in i;i, Silver was cheaper here than Iron. The Fremh, during the late Wars, had begun to cngrofs the Trade, and drove a conliderable Commerce in Negroes from Guinea, which they fent from hence over Land to C/);7/' and Ay«. (:.) >Sj«i7iJ /(■, upon the Conllux of two Rivers into La Pitta, two iiundred and fifty Miles North-weft froi . Jhteiws A\rcs. The Country betw ixt them is fruitful, well inha- bited by Spaniards and Lulair, and clicre are Mines of Gold and Sil- ver in the Neighbourhood ; but the Spaniards don't care to open them, lell it ilhould tempt their Enemies to invade them. 5.V4^:i^:;:•Oi::O©@©^^0J2«i®^©0®©e3@0O©@^}2^00000©®Si0^€i35^©0^&^50€50i|J^I^^§i000^00«J^ VIL B R A S I L, i .. f-? S t'lcmo.'l I .•'..1ci;> Part niS-.thAwiUa, and lies upon the 'f':\ Mouth of t.'e .-/v/.ji'w, at the LiiK to South Lat. ? it. 1.^ So th-t til'. Length ib about 2Iod Miles, and the greatell iiS L!ie.;d:h t ili and Well is near uoo. But in the South ^~ G^^t^^^ P.-.'ts, fioi.i the Tropick of Ci/o/i ci 1; to tiie River La Plata, "lis \try mutM contr.icttd, tlic greateft Breadth not exceeding 150. 'Jlic Inlaml Parts are inhabited by barbarous Nations, very little l.i.ovn; and tliC Co.;i".s are pi-iK'fs'd by t!;e /V;fv^.v<7<". It \sjs ior- meily c;;li"d the Prc\ ince of ti;e HihCnj], becaufc difcover'd on that D..\'ini^?i by .■/.';..)[' (.jA f, a /Vj/.v.;.-.;/:-, in name of his Mafler. 'J he r >;../' MKule lei era! Settlements here afterwards, but were drove out by tile Pi i^igui'e ; as they w ere again out of moft of it l>y the D:tJ\ who kft it again in i^j^, the D:tti.li being then at War with £<.,;;.'.;;;..■', ;nd not able to f ipport their Colonics : Belides, the Purtu- gucje, who h.-.d lubmicted to them, were very treacherous. The Air is a little hot, but liealthlul, and the People livelong. Their Water iscxce'lcnr, and the Country produces I'cbacio, Cotton, Maiz, Mil- let, Citrons, Or.".nj:es and other Fiuit; bat the chief Product is Su- gar, ill making < f which the /'ti/.v^.-.i/I- employ vaft Numbers of Ne- t^iccs. Ml It's plenty of Catrel, and many Forefl"-: < f fli .;/;/ Wood, "l he X-itiic!. are of an OIi\e Complexion, and :, middling Stature, l.„ve h':m(>iis Beafis, witli wliicli the Country abounds. BarUw, a Dt.l) Author, and A'l./i//, ancuher, give the beft Defcription of it; and to them w c mufl refer tor Particulars. The Portuguefe have divided it into fifteen Captainfliips along the Coafl, as follows : 1. '1 IxCai'tainfliipof /'/jr.i is the moft Northerly, andlics Eaft from the M', irn (^f the .-//';;a9;,.:ai-ns River, South Lat. 2. Long. 4:;. (2.) Cim- n:\t.i, en ti.c fame River, fifty Miles further South. There arc about fix luindreii PvntigiKp in tliis Captaindiip. The reft is inhabited by Sa\..ces cf (cveral Nations. 2. 1 lie C.i'prainfliip (t Mayapiian, Eaft iromPara, has its Name fif);n it', ciiitf River. 'I'iic Air is hcaltliiiil, the Soil fruitful, abounds will) B,,ifil Wood, SatiV.ji, Citron, Lacque, Balm, Tobacco, and Si;(:ar; .-nd Ambergrcfc is fometimes found on the Coafl. 'i'he ciiief Pia'is aie, f 1.) Tab:i(.r-!, or h.iriipte, a little liland at the Mou' h (f the Rivir MiYa;n,nr, South Lat. ?. Long. 45. 'Lis forty five Lea;:i!es nmnd, and has a Tow n call'il St. Philip. 'Tis well fortified, iias a poffi Trade, and is the See of a BiHiop Suflragan of .S). Salvador. Htr<. aie alfi' twenty five Villages well peopled. The reft of tiie Cap- tdinlJ.ip is for tiic molt part inh.ibitcd by Savages. 5. The Captainfhip of ^/.j)-,! lies Eaft from Af ir.7(;);7/; ; and part of it is inhabited by independent Savages It furnillies Cotton, Clir>ftal, Precious Stones, Sugar, Salt, and ieveral forts of V\ i^od. The chief Place is Siara, a fmall Town with a Fort, at the Mouth of a Ri- ver of the fame Name, Lat.4. Long. .^o. They have other Settle- ments at St. Selui/lian and Coutpan ; but the reft is inhabited by Savages : And the nnH Southern part of it, call'd Pttanui, is faid to iuve rieli Silver Mines. 4. The Captaindiip of P.io Grande, (o call'd from a River which runs thro it, and falls into the ^(/,iw;.t, Lat. f^. Long. JC'. Tiie/'.ji- tKguif:' have a little Town iicrc call'u Nit.il, en the (loalt ; and ano- ther nam'd C nhao w here the\ make great Qiianties of Sugar. 5. The Captainlliip of P.trad\i lies South from Rin Gmvd', has its Name from the River w hich crolles it, and tho not large, is very po- pulous. Here are Mountains cover'd with Woods. I'licVallejs produce Tobacco and Fruits; and the plain Country yields ftorc of Sugar, w ild Fow 1, and Parrots. 'I'he Portugutfe here are morp nu- merous than the Savages. Their chief Settlements are at Paraiba, a pretty ftrong 'l"ov n, on a Ri\ er of the fame Name, South Lat. 7. Long. 56. The DutJi formerly call'd it F.ederid/ladt, and the Portii^uef* commonly call it S. Miria de lai Nrjei. It has a good Harbour, de- fended by four Forts. 6. 7^iW.ir.ji,jlicsSouthof A/)-.;;i.;, and has its Name from a little Man J on the Coaft. Tho 'tis the leaft of ail the Captainlhip^ being but two and twenty Leagues in Compals, yet 'tis the antienceft, and ex- traordinary fruitful- 'I'he Portu^mj'e have a little 'Fown here call'd St. Mary de la Cvmepiion, South Lat. K. Long. xC>. It lies in the Illand of7^iOT.iiv;t/j, and is defended by a fmall Fort, to wiiich tlic DntJif^iy^ the Name of Oran?e. 7. Pernambui.0 lies South of Tiunar.ica, is one of the bcft Captainfliips in Bi i/il, abounds with Sugar, and has thirteen Pmtiti^.iifc CoKmies, the chief of which is 0//W<», Lat. 9. Long -^6. It ftands upon a Hill, drives a great 'I'rade, and contains above 1000 Purtti^nefe Families, bc- fides the Clergy and Slaves, who are very numerous. 'FistheSee of a Billjop Suffragan to .St. S.ilvador, has many Religious Houfes, and a fine College 'of Jefiiits. The 'I'own of Rrcif, which is its Harbour, lies South from it. 'Tis very populous, and drives a great 'Frade. 8. Seregippe, or Cirigi, lies South of Pirnambuco. 'I'liis Captaindiip is made an Illand by the River of St. F amis, whofe South Branch is callcdj/Jw/. The chief Place here is thejlittle Tow n oi Seregippe delRey, or .9f. Chriflopher, on the Kivcr o'i V.i7.ailaries, with the Fort or Settle- ment of St. Aiituiiio, South Lat. II. Long. jj). The reft of the Country is inhabited by Sa\ages. 9. Labia todoi lus Santns, or tlic Captainniip of AB Saints Biy, is without Difputc the moft popuk lis, and the richeft of all Brajil. It lies South from .Seregippe. Its chief 'I'own is St. Saltador, Lat. 14, Long. 59. with a Harbour on the Bay, two hundred 'Foifes from the Town, wliicii ftands on the top of a Hill, fo rugged towards the Sea, that on that fide 'tis inacccflible, and thev are fore'd to crane up >lfl.l!llv ,nluL llli'llH, UUin, IDool, the ^0,1't S5^^:t:5^^?itss Si^L:^r r ^ 7r ^ vagcs inlial.ir tlif reft oF Province ^ "^ ''*'" ami VVa\. But a\c- have ot any I owns here, mofl ot it king inhabited by Savages ; only tlio /.-/.v ,,./. have a Settlement on the North-Hde of'the River L., /V, ,' J— 'c. J 5. Long. jfo. 0.^'"^' '7°" '"'n ^'"'J'''- '■" ecneral, coarfe and fine Linen ^;„l 'rt ^' • S<;|;gcs, Perpetuana's, Nuts, Silk and 'l^hrcd Stock- sT" ?;f"''^',^Vheat Flower. Wine, Oil. Olives, Dutter, Cheefe, Pevl'r.r I L ••'"i! Po--''. Iron, and all forts of Tools. VelUls of Uwttr, Looking-Glalfes. Beads, and Toys, which they cxchancc for ufi'l il°„ %?"4'*' P""'^''. ^'"fil and other Dying Woods, raw Hides, Tallow. Train Oil of Whales, Monkeys, Parrots, and Par- roliitcs. lhcfti-wg«f/,have fmall Veifels that trade to Gmiea ^^ith Kum, Sugar Cotton Cloth, Beads, and bring good Returns in Gold, Ivory, and Slaves. FINIS. '.^^ \ ■ Hhhh The £0 The INDEX. K. B. The Tltccs in Afia, Africa, C. T. A|;liiim T. Ai^ins 1 aura T. Agmond^lliLim T. Aenab.u T. Ag-i^no Lake. Agr., T. Aerjni T. Aprini'inc T. Aar'i T. Ail I.e. Ai'-'/oT. AiiMudT. C. Aile^'uiv T. Ailef^di-.i T. A:na n li'. AirT. f.T. H Aii'L- T. A!rtli-:y MIn;> T. If. T. 104 ;" 1 1: '.'4 2-Q 1S9 -49 -4 =49 ::S 223 :-4 ."45 15' 231 •' J 94 25" 28, i9 252 •> •"- 149' 24S 2U .J 2! 8./ 252' 259 ', 2Jl.r 17' 17: 201 it 219(.' 260 162,2; I .' 102 .i 207 2;5 ■' 1-4 .J ;5 256.' iS? 12^ iS. 129 .1 -o '74 2:6 230 .1 1 6c, 255-' 1 145 2-0 7S1 205 '-9 171 1N9.J 178 J53 177 2'? •' 162, 17- 90 204 5« 156 "7 213,227 197 1 38 158 I6I a 214 »7? iSi 145 161 a 162, 229 a 217,250 158 174 227 a 261 156 ib. 169.) 254 17^ 14 24- 15S 156 ib. mT. 202 2^2 '-7 I9fi fc'9 yo 94 231 57 '775 7'' 169 J J 77 74 iy6 1*7' 99 79 222 88j 256 ^6 22 I6S,J 372 173 '54 " »S$" 152.1 257' 4S 104 230 134 22J" »93 '47 190 .< 8S 255- 116 Ancona C. T. 169 AncreT. 134 Andaliifia C. 155,256" Andernach T. 83 St. AnderoT. IS* Andes M. 257-' Andover T- l96 Aiidreasberg T. 66 St. Andrews T. 109, 248 Fort- 116 If. 177 AndriiT. 17} Androslf. 184 Andufe T. 146 St. Angelo de Lombardy T. ■ 172 Angermania C 28 Angermund T. 4S.74 Angers T. 140 Anghiera C. T. 162 Angk-fea C 22J Angola C. 232 j Angora T. 154,1 Angoulenie T. 140 Angra C, 229 .1 Angrivjrii T. 55 Angropne \ alley. 160 Anguilla If. 245 ; Angus C. 249 Anhalt C. 8 T. Anjango T. Anna T. Annaburp T. Annaiiiibo l-ort, Annan T. Annandale C An:iapo'.is T. Annapolis Roya Aiinobo.i II! AiilioT. Anfonri T. C Anltr'jt ithc;r T. Antego If. .•\nteb ib. 184 1S2 and K. 145" 24O '7- 257" '3' 272 '59" '79" 133 156 J "5 23 123 5«' 27 202 J •53 53, 26s '33 ir, 23f '3? '7" 250.' 199 227.' 225 «5 80 5 169 201 " 227.. 219 367 188 217 141 .1 142" 168 ib. 189 . 56 167 t 184 "4 169" '75 260 .< 252 16c J53 36 1$2 266 220 270 H7 179 226 187 268 '72 214 2, 203 Avignon T. Avis T. Anlcelier T. Aiiiuarlc T. Avondale T. Avranthes T. Aurangabad T. Aiirick T. Anrillac T. Aiiliria Circle. Upper. Lower. — Family. Autun T. Auvergne C. Aiixerre. Avvklaiid T. Axel T. Axei of the Globe. Axminltcr T. Aziod Defcrt. Azo T. Azores If. a BAalber T. Babylon T. Kicaim T. haccafarrai T, Baccovia C. Bacharach T. laihian III llachu T. Hidijoi T. baden T. C. C. T. Ourlach -Weilerl Badenoch C. Badra T. Hadweid^J T. Baeza I'. Baftins Bay. Bagdat V. Bagnagar T. Bagn.irca T. Bagneres 1 . Hagni al Morbo Bahama If. Baharein C. Bahiatodos Ids Bah us T. C Baia T. Baikal Lake. Bakewel T. Baku T. Bala T. Balagnat C. Hilaguer 1". BalafTor '1". Balatot) Lake. Balbaftro I'. Baldivia C. T. Baldock T. B Idun 'r. Balgeny T. Balke r. Ballinroal T. Ballynckil 'I'. Ballylhannon. Bjimerino T. Balnalee T. Baltimore '1'. Balveny C. Bamba C. Bamberg T.C. C. T. 14' 15S 220 '37 242 .38 2C0,» 53 I.)2 107 I 10 141 142 141 230 '-3 2 iS3 22y .1 202 .1 234 J 162 i 1694 192" 181 j8o «7 221 .J i8o.» '55 icU '5' 97,98 ^^ ID. 252 '.I 10$ 257" 27., 169 J 1991 168 ■44 (Baths) it7 244 ' 186 .» Santos 1. 260 .< '9.^8 >72, '77 '44 .?'» i8j>4 2-5 200 .< '53 201 t '78 '53 258./ 205 '47 J 260 268 270 248 267 2M 250 232 a 9$ Rantry T. Har C. 1'. B,tr»boa T. Raracoi T. H.umri 'I'. KiRndon 'I'. HiltingUli'J'. Haraiiywar (J. T. Kirbadoes IT. Hirb.irv C. HirbiC. Rirbiida If. Bare* C.T, 2 Karcim T. Kircelona I'. B*rcelonctte T. MtTde K Bardi T. Bardowic T. Birdr. Bareith T. C. BarHciir I'. Baric, r. Barking T. Rarkwiy T, BirleDucT. Barletta 1. BarniuUs, Barnbarrow Cafllc. BarnetT. Barnncy T. Btrn(tablc T. Birra IC Barreauz Fort< Barrow K. Barry If. Barrymore T. Bars T. St. llariholomew IC Uanon I'. Barvas T. Baruth 1'. Barzod (1 T. Bafil C. r. Bafilicata C. Baliiojorod T. Bafingiloke 1'. BaaeC Bafiir. BaAim T. Ballignie C. Bafora T. C. Baft!) T. Biliion of France T Baftogne T. £af Stmt J, BattTia T. BathT. Bait!e T. B'varia C. Bavay T. Bautzen T, Bayeus 1'. Bayonnr T. Bayrut T. B»y». Bazai T. Beainiiheld T. Be.ir*' II. BeaulKjT, Beiumarii T. Beaumont 1'. le Roger! B«auvaisl', Bebra 'I'. Beetles T. Beche T. Bedat I . ficddingcon T. Bedford C. 'l. Btdwin Great T. Bsefort T. Beelem T. Beclogrod T. lieia r. Btira C. bclcaftro T. Melez C4T. Belem V. Belfaft T. Bclgarden T. Belgrade T. Belhjven T. Bell IC BelUinoreskoy C- Beilay T. Bellebtc T. Bellelht T. Belllnzona 1'. Bellona '1'. 266 44>9l Hi' IW 2j6« 2001 '78 2461 226 d 80 »i229 a 176 >S3 161 165 6? 72.160 ij8 172 21? 91 "72 260 240 206 228 187 2f6 •47 264 26J 1-6 249J 217 259 161 .< 177 MO '73 35 196 90 245 192 J 91 170 rt 162, 166 . 3284 aaj 2I9< 191 200 101,104 r, 138 161 .< 10 143 205 >J 2J2 22J •30 •. i}8 IJ6 79 H^ 180 2; 20J >93 90 ,1^ 158 M7 >73 43 260 « 271 73 179 245 i?9 33 142 162 4 >4J >5' 102 Beiitivogiio'l*. Bertello T. Berchtolsgaden T, Bere '1". Bereg 'I'. Bergamo T. Bernen T. — •Op/.oom T. Bergerac T. Berghen C. T. Bergs C. Berkhamrteid T. Berkley c. T. Berkftiire C. Berlin T. Bermudas K. BernC. T. Bernards Ca(Ue. Bernburg 'I'. Bernera If. 23J,2J6, Beriinoro T. St. Bertrand T. Berwick T. C. North. Belancon T. Befted T. Betfort 7". Beth T. Bethan/. Bethelfagay T. Bethlehem T. Bethune 1'. Belley 1". Bctlis T. Beveland C. Beverley T. Bevtrwick T. Bsuil C. T. Bewdley T. Bezieres T. Biala T. Biilaczerkiew T. Biberach T. Bihr ch T. Bicefter f . Bichor T. C, Bichded -T. Biddiford T. Bidelion '1'. Biecz r. Biel Lake. BielaOzera C. T. Bide C. 1 . BieUC. T. BielkiCT. Bielun T. Bieniie T. Blervliet T. BiefleT. Bifontei yuhitti. Biglefwade T. Bigorje C Bilboa T. Biledulgerid C. Bilcvelt T. Billericay T. 'Billefden T. BiUingham T. Bil(i:n T. Bilrtein T. Bimilifatin T. Biiibrook T. Binch T. Bingen T. Binghar" T. BirT. Birkenfield T. Birkin liks. Birmingham T. Bifcawwoune T. Bifcay. New Bifcay C Bifeglia T. Bifliop's-Cell T. LackT. Lidiard T. Stortford T. Caftle T. ines. Bifigano T. Bifnagar C. BiAries T. Bitch T. Bitetto T. Bite C. Bitterfitld T. Black Sea, Blackbourn T, The INDEX 73 I(?7 166 104 187, 130 '77 '63 130 124 18 S7 206 243 '» 203 '94 74 243" 'H9 ^° 258,259 if.8 '44 232 237 245 142 »7 90 '77 166 .> 174" 167* 133 221 1681 12; 2Z8 117 161 220 48 43 100 ib. 204 '77 9* .87 2'3 4i 90 34 160 4' 35 4« 90 12? '72 40 205 '44 152 229 J 55 2»3 217 232 60 92 199 '» 217 r, 218 168 « 87 258 220 i8j 152 251 172 108 191 206 221 256 '73 19611 179 9' 172 230 1 78 1521! 226 lilockenbLTg M, Klockzyl T. Blois T. Bobbio T. IJocano T. Bochara T. Bockenlicim T. Bodegrave T. Bodmyii T. Bod rock T. BogK. Bogas Straits. Bogdoi C. Boglio C. T. Bohemia C. Boinitz T. Boideduc T. Bolderburn Spring. Bolingbroke T. Bollingwolder-Schans T, Bologna C. T. Bolovicz T. Bolfover T. Bolfwert T. Boltoa T. Bolzano T. Bomba T. Bommel T. Bommenie T« Bon T. Bona T. Bonaire If. Bonavilta If. Bongo ir. Bonifacio T. Bonneville T. Boppart T. Boralfton T. Borchen T. Borgo St. Domino T. St. Sepulchro T. Forte T. Boridow T. Borkloe T. Borniio C. T. Borneo ir, Bornholmlf. Borof C. Boroughbridge T. Borrera If Bofcallel T. Bofnia C. Boflinev T. BoITu T. Bofworth T. Bothnia Gulph, Wfl>. Eaft. Bothwell T. Bova T. Bouchain T. Bovignes T. Bouillon T. BovinoT. Boulogne T. Bourbon IC Bourbonlancy T. Bourbonnois C I'Archembaud Bourbourg T. Bourdeaux T. Boarg T. Bourges T. Bourne T. fiournou C. Bouroir. Bourtangerfort T. BowT. Boxtehude T. Boxtel T. Boyn River. BMtlt. BozaT. Bozolo T. Braan T. Brabant Dutch. Auftrian^ Bracciano T. Brackel T. Brackley T. Bradaw T. Brad field T. Bradford T. Bradforth T. Brading T. Bradninch T. Braga T. Braganza T. Braidalbin. Braintree T. 66 Brava C. T. 114 '39 162 172 147 a 93 120 186 177 52 57 212 I6I 105 177 124 56 217 ■ 114 167 42 219 113 227 no 192 d ii6 123 83 2274 250(1 235" 225 " 162 % 188 54 165 166 Braui'-berg T. Brazil C. HrechiiiT. Brecknock i). T Breda T. llredcnberg T. Breevord T. Bremen C. T. Bremer-Iurd, 46 2604 249 124 6 116 64 or Verden T. 64 241 222, 201, Bremgarten T. Brent T. Brentford T. Brentwood T. Brefcia C. T. Breflaw C. T. BretTia C. T. Breft T. Bretagne C. Breton C. Bretten T. Brezefly C. T. briancon T. Briare T. Bridge T. Bridgend T. Bridgenorth T. Hridgewater T. Bridlington T. Bridport T. flrieg T. Briefcia C. St. Brieux T. Brignole T. Brill T. Brindifi T. Brinn T. Brifac T. New. Old. Brifeow C. T. 16J Briftol T. 48 Britain New C. 54 Britain's Houfe or Caftle 151 Brittany C. 220 a Brixen C. T. 25 Broadilbin C. 3 3 a Broadwater R. 227 Brodina T. 256 Brodzicow T. 187 BroelT. 180 Bromley T. 187 BrondeloT. 130 Brora T. 217 BrofsT. 27 Brouaee T. 28 BroughT. 29 Broughton T. 42 Brouwers Haven. 173 Bruck T. 130 Bruges T. 131 Brugnetto T. 59 Brumfgrove T. 172 Bruneck T. 134 Hrunfwick T.C. 235 a Bruntidand T. 141 BriifTels T. 142 Briiton T. 143 Bruxhall T. 13? ducaw T. 14; Ruchan C. 142 Buchorn T. 119 Buckenburg T. 21b Buckenham T. 2304 Buckingham C.T. 221 . Buda C. T. 114 Biiddefdale T. 207 Hudingen T. C 64 Budua T. 124 Budziac Tartarv. 264 Buenos Ayres T. 266 Biieroir. 174 BugR. 165 Bugia C. T. 252 Built T. 124 BukorC. T. 128 Bulgar C. T, 169 Bulgaria C. 56 Buman's Cave. 216 Bungey T. 45 Buntingford T. 212 Buratskoi C. 192 Burch T. 228 1 Steinfort T. i97lBurcklandC. 187 BurenT. 157 Burford T. 157 Burgaw C.T. 238 Burgh T. 212 Burgos T. 206 213 163 106 47 139 238 a 27,86 4' 147 139 247" 223 221 191 229 189 106 47 148 122 173 106 $^ ^l 98 55 57 195" 65 , 19$ .1 250J 173 269 156" 186 28 1470 192 •97 ^ 2" 162, 172 191 a 202 1564 2054 205.1 134 187 169 73 157 44 8i 82,114 123 169 172 246 253 « •53 167 a 2474 194'* 2344 1844 199'* 33 184 200 4 184 255 173 20 1 216 4 217 a 2304 172 214 a 16$ 12 Ml mm Jk A\hciMf. T C. zy AlbiT. I4>" /\ AKichT. 104 Albipeois C. J45 J^ AKifli-iC ZM .< Albury T. 198 Abiviv.ir T. 177 AlcacerdeSel T. 158 Abbeville T. l.U Alcalade HenaresT. 55 1 Ahhfv BovlT. 2-C Alcantara T. 1S5. 58 Abbotibm V T. iSp AUantarilla T. 1 56 AhcibiotlnnkT. 249 Alciiiaer T. "7 Abt'rcoiii T. -4" Aldborouph T. 213,227 Aberdeen T. -?4 Alderney 11". 197 r. T. =49 AlenconT. 138 Abfrfortli T. 2:S Alentejo T. 158 Aberaivennv T. i:? Aleppo T. 161 .1 Abcrilhvith T. ^^4 Alelham T. 214 AbciUdv T. -"45 AlcllanoT. '73 Abeinethv T, i5' AKliioT. iSi Ab;xC. ■ 231 ■( A!et T. 145 Abinj;rion T, 194 Alexandretta T. 161 .i Ab l.uir T. 251 Altxandria T. 162, 229 .< Abn T. 28,^9 .\lfercz T. J72 Abouta C. 232 .1 Alford T. 217,250 Ahiu/Z'-i C. 172 .Mgarva C 158 AbYdn* T. I4y ,; AI(;eriT. •74 Abvi\ioiir T. 24S Alsiers C. T. 227.1 AbvUiri.i C. 2; I .; .ilhallow II. 261 AiMdi.1 C. 2!S.< Alhaim T. 156 Ac.ipiilco T. Ai tr.'.i T, 252.; Alicaiit T. ib. 259 ' AliluMuui T. 169.; Ac .It!, in T. 251. i Alil'a If. 254 Acmciin T. 17? A'i!i T. '7^ Atwino T. I-: Allen Fo:rl, 14 AtluiHC. liii AHowavT. 24- Achuii C. 201 .; Aliiiada T. 15S AchcMi T. ;i9< A'. merit T. 156 Ai!nri GotiT. 1-2 A'tiinth.iin T. 222 Ar-d'^T. 145 Altrip T. .ssj A(C'. T. 14- AltvJs!, Liayt. :?4' i',;;pcr;iuV? C. T. i!-. if. 256 A^'MiaiT. Aj:io- 1 .uira T. 2-0 AU/cv pr AltzIieimT. J-6 iSi Aniack If. t ■» Agmo-.dtniamT. ;c5 AinjdieT. i6Sj AEii.ib.i: T. '-V AiiLiIfi T. 172 Ag':.'.r;'-LaKe. 171 Anuntca T. i73 A^n T. iSy .1 Aniar^iliir T. '54' AjIIjIU T. i-S Ani'.liiT. 155 ' At;r.iivf>nt T. IS'- AmaftrisT. 152: AerU T. * / / Amizons C. R. 257' A\v. C. 233.1 yl/i:her. 45 Ai.t-/oT. IC2, I"2 AnibefR T. 304 AkhliadT. C. yO Aiiib'.cliJe T. 230 /.ile-burv T. 204 Amhlcteufe _T. '34 A le'^ti;-.! T. 'X \1nboyr.3 If. 221 .i A:n.'. n \i. - .. ^mbrobdry T. »93 A.r T. 14- \iiibrun T. '47 f. T. 24- \niedabad T. 190 ' K. ih AmtlbiirpT. 85 AiiL- T. 3;-, \nicricA C 237.255^ Airthiy Mine;. 2^S Aaiersfort T. 116 Aix T. 14';, Uv Amcrlliam T. 205 U C'nriUe T. 5!- An-.iensT. >34 Akal/'keT. IJ4- Aiiiinenburi! T. 8J /•,.i«.n T. s: AmnH'nebcrg 1". 94 Anie-.iiuii T. i'-'o Aninnt T. 184 A'jisT. i.;c A'T'.irpos If. A!.,n-iii: ; r Aniphipolis T. 181 ALiiiti R. r-.c \iiiphllcii. 5 A!bi ir.iiT. T. '"f^ Ar.ipridll T. 205 kt 'jIU T. l-S Amilerdam T. 117 Albani i C. ibi tort. 231. i Aibini) 1 . I-: .\iiivfiis T. 15?' Sr. ^:bi:i, T, 2i0 \-.Hir-koi C. 14s " A:b.irj?i'i r. •5' A-iJfini T. 170 Albcm.irx C. 24' ■' Ancille'- r. 2;.S i. '■1- Andam I- 7i Andaliilia C. 155,:56.( Aiidernach T. 83 St. AnderoT. iji Andes M. 257" Andover T. 196 Andreabbcrg T. 66 St. Andrews T, 109,248 .rort. 116 IC 177 Andria T. J73 Andres ir. 184 Andufe T. 146 St. Angelo de Lorabardy T.| I7i Angermania C. 28 Angerniund T. 48,74 Angtrs T. 140 Anghiera C. T. 162 Anglcfea C. 225 Angola C. 23: •' Angora T. 1J4.1 A'lgoulenie T. J 40 Angra C. 229 •( Angrivaria T. 55 Angro.sne \ alley. 160 Anguilla If. 245 ; Angus C. 't An ha It C. T. 81 Anjango T. '95 Anna T. 172 ' Annaburp T. 7'> Annamibo Fort. 251.. Annan T. 239 Annindilo C 239 Annapo'.is T. 241.; Annapolis Royal T. 23S .; Ann oho. ■! If -35 • AniioT. iS Anipuri T. C. Xnltnitliwr T. 95 24.S Antego If. -45 ' Anttriiucra T. 156 Sr. .\nthony If 235 ; Antibci T. J 48 AnticH'li T. Anliochia T. 161 a bt. Antiochiib If. '74 •\nlipode«. 5 Anti i'.iera T. 252, Aniivari T. 181 Ant.xci 5 St. Antonio T. 1 $2,260.. \ntrim C. T. -71 Antwerp C. T. 127 \nxrra T. 141 Aiw.ico C. 232. i Aoull C. T. j6o Apani Fort. 231 ■' Apeiirade C. T. 24 Apocalynfe Hcrmil. Appen/el C. T. tgt. 157.' 1$0 Appleby T. 230 Appltdorc T. 202 Apt T.^ 147 Apulia C. '7- Aqnada T. 255 . V'jnapendcnte T. 16S Aquitulco T. 252 .i \quila T. 172 \'iui!c).i T. 10.^ \t|uir.() T. '7- Arabia C. 170.. U.'ff-pi 171 .; 172 •! '7' " 203 .. Ikferia. le'it Ai.v.k Tret. Arar.it M. 179,, Aran T.^ '49 AraiKO C. T. :5s.. Arbato 1. j8i Arbelf. '75 Arcadia T. I Si Archangel T. 35 Seven Archangels T 259 ■■ Archiem tort 230. Archipelago. IC ArconaT. 7' ArdbrothockT. 249 Ardee T. 266 Ardevil T. lie- Ardbcrt T. 265 Ardgl.ls T. 27e ArdmeinaihT. 25i Arenberg T. Aretiiini T. Arez/o T. Argentire If. Argos T. Arguna Argunskoi T. ArgyleC. Ariano T. Arica T. Arlun T. Armagh C. T. Armenia C. Perlian. ArmentitrsT. Armolia T. Arnhiim T. C. Arnhuyfen C. T. Arnmuyden T. Arnsberg T. Aroe If. Arolia. Arracan T. G Arnignn C. Arraii if. 235^ - Arras T. Arrean T. Arta T. Arthrey Well. Artois C. \ivj T. Aruba If, UunldT. \rzillaT. ir. Af.ph T. Aiciuifi'iiiburg T. Aic'ierlcben T. \fc!i. Auoli T. AfcniC. AljiarC. Alliborn T- A 111 boy T. Aflibmton T. Allibv de UZouch'T Miifcovite. AIno T. AlifioT. \skrig 1. Afmer T. Afiph T. Afphaltitf', lake. Alpirola T. AlTen T. Allic-nerT. AdoT. AiTiimption T. AlTynt C. AfteT. Aliorgi T. Alti.ican C. T. Alluiijs C Athcnree T. \thcnsT. Atherdee T. Atherfton. Athlone T. AtholC. Athos M. ".tland C. Atlas M. Atock C. T. Atoy T. Atv. T. Atilcborough T. Avi C. 20 Avanchcs T. Auburn T. .'.ucagazcLi T, AuchT. Audenard T. .•\iKlierne T. Avtiro T. Ave Hi no T. Av-rla T. AVt-fiaif. Avelncs T. Augi Abbey. Augher 1 . .^uti^burg T. A'i>;iilia T. AviU T. •,-0,83 J 60 ib. 184 182 and li. 145" 246 '7- 3S7" '31 272 I59rt '79" '33 156" "J 23 123 56 =7 2 02 a •53 531-65 '33 144 181 23f '33 170 250 .J 199 2-7 ' 225 8c I6y 201 .1 227.. 219 367 i8s 217 141 a 142 I 168 ib. 189 ?6 167 .« 184 "4 169 .J '75 260 < :;5- I6c 'S3 36 •5- 270 181 266 220 27c 247 181 '79 220.. 187. 268 •72 214 2, 203 - •49 '93 235- •44 •27 139 '57 '\l 149 ., '3C 98 271 iLO '74 '54 Auniirle T. Avoiidale T. .\vranthe5 T. Aurangabad T. Aiirick T. AiirilJac T, Auliria Circle. Upper. lower. Family. Autuii T. Auvergne C. Aiixerre. Awkland T. Axel T. /ixts of the Gkhc. Axminller T. A/.iod Deferr. ^Lo T. Azores If. K. B.Aalbec T. Kabylon T. Hsc'im T. Ilaccufarrai T. Hiccovia C. Kacharach !'. liathian If. Ilichii I', Hidijos T. tiaden T. C. C. T. Durlach ( VVnler'r, '37 242 '38 2CO.J S3 142 iC5 107 IC7 no Mt 14a I4t 230 »2J 2 18S 2:9 ,1 202 .1 234 J T. Kadenoch C. Hadra r. liadweille T. lUe7a I'. liattiiii Bay. B.igdat r. hagna^.ir T. Bagn.irca T. Hagneres I . H.igiii al Morbo ( liahama If Hahartin C. bahiatudos los Bah us T. C Haia 1'. Baikal Like. Bakewel T. Baku r. Bala I . Balaguat C (iilagiier 1'. Bala/Torl'. Balaton Lake. Balbaftro I . Baldivia C. r. Baldoik 'I'. B Idun I. Balgenv I'. Bilkc r. Kallinroal T. Baltynekill, Ballylhanuun. Balmerino T. lialiialee T. B.dtiniore T. Ilalvciiy C. liamba C. Bamberg T.C. Bimf C. r. liiiiipton T, 'Unahir I'. Banbury 'I'. i'anca 1'. 'land R. Kanda If. Bandel 'I'. N'elho. Binder AballiT. BandoC. 'i". Bandonbridge. Bangor '!'. Sannockburn T. Bannoe 'I', liantam '1'. ;js. Barking '1'. Rarkwiy T. BirleDucT. Barletta '1'. BarnacUs. Barnbarrow Cafllc. SarnetT. Birnflcw T. BarnltaUc T. Uirra IC Barreaus Fort> Barrow R. Barry If. Barrymore T, Bars r. St. Hartholomtw If. Barton T. Barvas T. Baruth 1'. Barzod C T. Bafil C. T. Barilicita C Balllogorod T. BafingHoke i'. BafleC. Bali If. Bail^ini T. Ballignie C. Baflbra 1'. C. Baftij 1 . BiUion of France T. Bafiogne T. Bat StMMs, BatavU T. BathT. Battle T. Bivuria C, Bavay T. Bautzen T. Bayeus I'. Bayonne 'P. Bayrut T. Bay». Baui r. Beuoiihcld T. Bc.ir> U. Bciulicu T. BetunurU T. BejuiDontT. le Roger T, Beauvais '1', BcItj 'I'. Beetles T. Beche T. Btdal 1. Bedding ton T. Bedford C. T. Bcd'.vin (jreat T. B-tfort I". beclem 1'. Heelugrod T. «eia 1'. «<|.aC. btlcaltroT. Helez QT. Belcni i'. Belfjll T. Bcl^jrdcii T. Belgrade T. bclh^veii T. Bell If, iJell.tiuorcikoy C- Betlay T. Bellclxc T. Bellelhc T. Belliiizona T. Belloni 1'. BcllunoT. Bcltirigham T. Belturbtrt I'. BclvoirCjltlf. MemiHer T. Bciievcnte 'I". Bcnhccula |f. Bender T. BcnetiddT.^ Bsiifivento '1'. Hongil C, Bungueti Nova T, Benin <;,'I'. Beiisburg 'I'. Beiitheiu C- !• 21? 20J 91 '72 260 240 206 228 187 2f6 '47 264 223 26J 176 249" 217 2J9 161. "77 150 '73 35 196 90 Mf 9« 170 1J2 16 10 '45 205 '5 2J2 225 130 '38 136 79 2 186 20J 193 90 .58 '17 '73 4J si5o« 27' 73 179 245 "9 33 '42 I62 '45 '5' 162 16; 232 272 21S '8y '53 256 180 90 172 200" 232 <» 231 " 57 54 Berwick T. C. North. Belancon T. Belled T. Betfort r. Beth T. Bethany. Bethciragay T. Bethlehem T. Bethune T. Betley T. Betlis T. Beveland C. Beverley T. Bevtrwitk T. Bsui; C. T. Bewdley T. BeiieresT. BialaT. Bialaczetkiew T. Biberach T. Bibrach T. Bicefter T. Bichor T, C. Bichlted n'. Biddiford T. bidellon '1'. Biecz r. Biel Lake. BielaOzeraC. T. Biele C, 1 . BielkC. T. Bielki C. T. Bklun T. Bieniie T. Biervliet T. BidleT. Bifoniei 'Jubdti. Biglefwide T- Bigoffe C Bilboa T. Biledulgerid C. Bilevclt T. Biilericiy T. 'BilleCitn T. Billingham F. Bilfcii T. Bilftein T. Bimilipatin T. Biiibrook F. Binch T. Bingcn T. Bingham T. BirT. Birkenfield T. Birkin llks. Birmingham T. Bifcaw woune T. Bifcay. NewBifcay C Bifeglia T. BiftiopVCell T. UckT. LiJiard T. Stortford T. Oftle T. Ides. Bifigino T. Bifniftar C. Biftries T. Bitch T. Bitetto T. Bito C. Bitterricld T. Black Sea. Blackbourn T. Blacknefs T. Black water R. T. Blair of Athol Blamont T. Blandford T. Blankeiiberg C. Blafgoes if. Blaye T. Blechingley T. Bleking C. Blenheim T. BlennerhiflTet T. Blefliiigcon T. Blith T. 232 Bolfwert t. 237 Bolton T. 245 Bolzano T. 142 Bomba T. '7 BommelT. 90 BommenieT. 177 Bon T, '66 7 Borreri If 213 BofcaltelT. 4i BofniaC. 90 BoflinevT. 34 BolTuT. '60 BofworthT. 4' Bothnia Gulph, 35 Welt. 41 Eaft. 93 BothwellT. 12? Bova T. '72 BouchainT. 40 BoviRnes T. 205 Bouillon T. '44 BovlnoT. '52 Boulogne T. 229" Bourbon IC 55 Bourbonlancy T. 213 BourbonnoisC 2' 7 I'Archembaud 232 BourbourgT. 60 Bourdeaux T. 92 Bourg T. '99 " Bourges T. 217 Bourne T. 1 30 Bournou C. «5 Bourolf. 218 Bourtangerfort T. '68 a Bow T. 87 BoxtehudeT. 258 BoxtelT. 220 Boyn River. '8j B*ttlt. '52 BozaT. 251 BozoloT. '72 BraanT. '5 1 Brabant Dutch. 108 Auftrian. 191 BraccianoT. 206 BrackelT. 221 Brackley T. 256 Braclaw T. 173 Bradfield T. 196.1 Bradford T. 179 Bradforth T. 91 Brading T. 172 Bradninch T. 2?o J Braga T. 78 Braganza T. 152. 1 Braidalbin. 226 Braiiitree T. 243 Bramber T. 264 Brampour T. 272 Brampton T. 247 Bra m yard T. 91 Branaw T. 190 Brandenburg PrufCan C 66 T. 26s C 7 14? Hijltry. 199 Brandon T. 28 Braneck T. 104 Bralil C. 2V BraflawC. T. 268 BrafTa Sound. 218 If. 219 "3 227 no 192 216 45 212 192 228' '97; 187 '57; 212: 241' 123 Brezefty C. T Krimcon T. Briare T, Bridge T. Bridgend T. Bridgenorth T. Bridgewater T Bridlington T. Btidport T. Brieg T. Briefcia C. St. Brieux T. Brignole 1'. Brill T. Brindifi T. Brinn T. Brifac T. New Old. Brifgow C. T. Briftol T. Britain New C. Britain's Houfe or Caftl'e Brittany C. Brixen C. T. Broadalbin C. Broadwater R. Brodina T. Brodzicow T. Broel T. Bromley T. Brondelo T. Brora T. Brofs T. Brouage T. Brough T. Broughton T. Rrouwers Haven. Bruck T. Bruges T. Brugnetto T. Brunifgrove T. Bruneck T. Hrunfwick T.C. Bruntifland T. BrtifTds T. Bruton T. Bruxhall T. Bucaw T. Ruchan C. Buchorn T. Bufkenburg T. Buckenham T. Buckingham C.T. buda C. T. B'lddeldal-T. Hudingen T . C iiudua T. Budziac Tartarv. Buenos Ayres T. Bucro If. BurR. Bugia C. T. Built T. Bukor C. T. Bolgar C T. Bulgaria C. Buman's Cave. Bungey T. Buritingford T. Buratskoi C. Burch T. Steinfort T. Burckland C. Buren T. Burford T. Burgaw C. T. Burgh T. Burgos T. Burgundy C. Burick T. St. Burien's T. Burkhaufen T. Burlington T. Burnham T. Burnlev T. Burnfal T. Burntwood T. Burra If. Burra Ferry. If. Burrowftownefi T. Burfa T. 41 147 '39 247" 223 221 191 229 189 106 ,% 148 122 173 106 98 -. 'i>2 222, 2384 120 '38 110 247 264 tl 201, 221 165 253 '79 '43 230 226 58 <» 108 126 161 220 no 67 248 128 191 88 100 250 99 55 214 204 178 215 92 '75 180 2604 2214 52 2274 223 1884 37, 180 66 213 206 1444 i'7 54 179 56,116 204 lOl 217 153 141 57 185 102 229 214 227 228 213 260 260 262 243 1494 '94 Burton T. 217,219,221,230 Cadfant If Caen 'V. Caefarea T. CaerdifTT. derleon '1". Caermarthen C, T. Caerphilly T. Caerwis T. Caffa T. Cafreria C. Cagli T. Cagliari T. CAGOTS. Cahir T. Cahors T. Cairo T, Cairftone T. Caithnefs C. Calabria C. Calahorra T. Calais T. Calatajud T. Galatrava T. Calcar T. Calecoulun T. Calemburg T. Calicut ij. T. California C. Callari T. Callen T. Callimacha T. Callington T. Calmar T. CALMUCKS. Calne T. Callhot T, Calve If. Calvi T. Canibaya T. Cambdcn T. Cambia T. Cambodia C. T. Camboya T. (Jambray C. T. Cambridge C. T. Camelford T. Camerino T. Cami.T T. Caminha T. Caminiec T. Camitz T. CampT. (>amp VereT. Campagna di Roma C Camp.igno T, Campbtfl T. Campeachy T. Campredon T. Cana of Galilee T. Canada C. Cananor C. T. Canary If. Cindahar C. T. Candavera T. Candenoosir Candie If. and T. Candifch T. (^anea If. Cannay n; CantaziroT. Canterbury T. Canton C. T. Canum C. T. Canza T. Cao T. Caorle T. Capaccio T. Cjpes Breton If. Verd If. Corfe. Good Hope. LaCapelleT. Capitanata C. CapodKtriaT. (liporia T. Cappaqiiin T. Caprea If. Ciprilf. Capua T. Carimit T. Carara T. liii I :, 13,S '55 '« 225 223 224 223 225 181 232 <« 168 "J l+i 265 '43 229 .'( 2:01 253 '73 '54 134 153 155 57 195" 6S 195.1 250 .« 173 269 156 'i 186 28 1474 192 »97 ^ 255 '62, 172 191 a 202 1^6 a 205 <« 205.1 '34 214 187 169 7? '57 44 81 S2,ii4 123 169 172 246 253 J '53 1674 2474 194" 2H" 1844 199" 33 184 200 4 j«4 255 '73 20 r 216 J 217 .» 230 J 172 214 .1 i6j 172 10 2^8 a 255" 231 4 232 .1 '34 172 16J 29 266 162 172 leil ,.■67 The INDEX. 28,64 OrcafToii 1 . MS Cjrcen/.,i 1'. '73 C'.iidaiHila r. >50' C\vdi.-..ri C. T. 224 Carcil r. :4fe r.trcSbid 'r._ ics C-ircliVioon r, 'o i:irc:;icbe>l . iSo Carentan T, i?8 Caicfloneir. =60 Carpipul T. 3 5 {^.irgapoKkaii f"- 35 Cla If, V af.l T. ( asMn T. ^ Calchav,- C. Cat'cnibiflar T. Caferta 1 . Caftiel T. <:a(hiobury T. Cafiniir T. Cal"pi.'.n Sea. C "m" T. CalTopc If. r.ffivia (;. C it.inovicza T. Caltel T. C. Aragnnefc 1^ a >'iare. Chiefo T. > uovo T. >sau-.'.ari T- lollit T. Cart'&'.ior.edel LaeoT. i6b dellaStiveraT. 165 onillc;r. 'S3' '54 C«ll T. C:neda F. '.'enis M. Center cf •! Ciovt, Ceram If Cerafonte T. Ceraiuiia T. Cerigo C. T, Ccriiicb 'I', "erne T. ■^ervera T. Cervia T. Jcfeiii T. Cells T. rcfium r. Ctfftrc Ortat g^lCHivasT, 103 160 '7- JC9 1^4 :66 2J0 I7S '7!^ 105 160 162 18c "I lOb 195 J 243- ic6 147 166 =4C 265 269 2"^ I 160 a 243 " 3S? ' 156 254 194, 221 a 153 ' 184 190 'J' 168 ib. it. ib. ivid Lit tit T. 250 ;.'" '. a 172 26? 2C6 JSO J '73 93''33 '7S 1:7 178,180 96 lb. ib, 175 14^ '^5 Caftillon T. '44 Oftlebar T. 269 Canie Carey T. 'P' Farnefe T. 168 Kennedy T. 240 Rifinp T. 214 Caniemain T. 265 Caftl-iiurtin T. ib. <;afton T. 2'4 Oftor T. 21: <;aftresT. '4i OrtriT. '«' CartrltirrenT. '77 Cadto 'I'. 25s " d'0;tegal. 15 C. T. "J^ viidcalesT. 152 Catalonia V. ^53 f:atanea T. '74 Cataia T. '75 ,*,t, Catherine's Town. 157 Catherlagh C. T. 268 KlCatifT. 175" Catzeiiellttbogen T. C 94 C.va T. .. i72 Ceve T. Cevciinois C. Ceuti T. '"evlon If. :hablais C. 'haco C, Giiatford T. Cnalcedon T. Cnale R. Chalons on the Marne T, Saon T. CHamaquie T. C'umiy l,ake. Ciamb T. -tiambtrry T, Chambli Fort. Chambort T. Ciiamotlan C. Champagne C. Chamli C. Changpe M, Chanrie T. C!i»ntilly T. Cinanton C. whappel in Fryth T, los CharcasC Cha.^ T. CharleiiiontT, Ciai Icroy T. Ctiarles Fort. .".rievillc T, ■ri.vT. roII,s T. arncs T. Chartres T. Carybdis Gulph. Chateau Salines T. C'lV.b.elisT. Chatelher.iult T. Cnatham T. Chatigan T. Chitfworth T. Cheddar T. Cneddle T, Cnckian C ChelmCT. Chelminar Kains. CiielnisfordT, Chelfjy T, Chemnitz T. Chencin T. Chenfi C. Chepfi C. T. Chepftow T. Cherafco C. T, Cherburg'F, Cheribon T. Cherry if. Ciierfolf. C lertfey T. Chefapeak Bay. ("heftiara T. C'lelhireC CnefterC. T. Chederlield T. Cheviot Ms, Oiiapa C. T. Chiari T. (>hiavenna C Chicheiter T. C.^icova T. Cicuito C Chieiefa T. Chiemfee T. Chieti T. Chili C, Chiloe CT. Chiltenham T. Chilworth T. Cliimay T. 160 2:7.) 218 ' '59 *59„^ 188 148 .i • M,'. iFOJ 202.) 104 '59 niutjye T. Ciiocl.iin l'. Chunad r. C:i<)ialaii C Chouin T. O'Hiutza T. i-wiriltiauri'i C'liiiiiani r. Cnriiliaiiu| U Chriitianpi i. Ciiriltian-! : Cttriltia .li.< . si. ChiilUip, ..nT. Chronach T, Cnujlci; T. Chuicri- ':hi.i., 1, c, iu.il'. ■ C, C.1,1^ ,. I. Cibr) C. C'llut T, Ci-i-anow 7. V. iliev T. Cilia .la C, i-i C. lutat T. Cirta(ha:;sC. CixUiof iJtOld'c. Circncciter T. Ciienz-i I . Ciri|(iC. 24S .1 ! Cilttaux T. i3v 251 ■ '4' 214.' 213 ' 252 37 214 J 219 2i7- 191 130,272 '3' 231 ' 143'^ 141, 2.6. 141 91 1 40 17? 9: >3-, 1 40 2U1 301 .. 2". 191 221 216. ,45 jSs 1 211 20- 79 42 214 1 179 22 > 161 13b 220 .< 14 »75 198 242') 205 221 ,241.1 219 232>235 253" 163 '5' 199 232. 258 2581 20, I 130 oiu d( Caftri T. ^UOVi 1, :iudciuT. iittadelboL'T. iiudad Real i . '55 22: Rodrig,o T. Civill\ecchia 1. di Henna 1 . Clacktnannai.lhire. lageiilurt I . ^Itoiniej I , vJarc r, C. Clarendon C. CUros 11, ^Uveiuia C. 'JUulellbert', T. aaultliall .>ii::cs. -:Uy 1'. G 'iomeiia; '1', v^l-'bury T. CI ■.•hill T. CuumoiitC. T. Clermont i, ;.:ievc C, 1'. Cliri" T. Citmjttl. lilf* T. .iiir)n'I'. Ciuhero T. Ui^k, a curieuione, Clogtier 1. Clonfert T. Clonmtll 1'. •51. Cloud '1', Cloyn;. :'. Clun' ! Clu . Clult 'ley. Oyde Clydefdau C, Coblentz T. Coburg T. C. Cochcim T. Cochin C. T. Cochinchina C. GocJiburnlpath T. Cockeny '1'. Cockermouth T. Cotvorden T, CajfreTret. CoggeftiilT, Cognac T. :oil K. and Field. Coiltownkirk. Cuimbra T. Coir T. Goket If. Colatu i", Colberg T. ColchefterT. ColdingT. irirlColoiiiT .8 i|Oj1 Mil l(. C'liotir 'r. Colrain T. Coliiaiifa If C''sToiiib. Colli iHpion'r. T. ii)7 C'luci. Comb Martin T. r. 2b Comiapua T, 1. ;j Coniiii|;esC. 1-ort, 231 4 Cominot If T, 28 Com mercy T. tislf. 2451 Comimita T, i. 260 . Como I ake and T ConiormCipe. Comorra 'I'. Comorro If. Cmipany's Land. Ccmpiif-ne 1 . Compolttlla C. T. T. Compton T. Conception T. C. T. Concordia 1. (A)iid." T. Gomloin T. Concopolv T. Condoia C Confucius, Chinefe phtr. Congleton T. Coni;oC. Conhao r. Conic. T. Coninglgard, Connaught C. Conijuet T. ConraQsburR T. Coiijiance T.C. OinltintinT. CnaftantinopleT. Q.ualli If (■jfttpirnts. 0>nti T. Convcrfano T. Conway T. Coptinagen T. Cor.tbcrgT. i^uji.po T. Copplcbtrg M. t'Opp.'onitzT. i.oqjimbo 1". Cora r. Ciorax .M. Cirbach T. i.orhv C. '1'. 136, 14: CotbyeT. Corcyra If. Cordilleras .Ms. i.ordona T. COidnua T. Curdiiba T. '■ .orea C. (.iorenza T. CorfeCiltleT. Corfu If and T. CJoria T. Corinth T. Cork C. T. Corlin 'I". Cormantyn Fort Cornouaille T. Cornwall C Coroual T. Coromanrtd Coaft. (Joron T. Correggio T. 195 a Corfica If. 207 d Corte T. 237lCortoneT. 245 CorveyC.T. 231 ICorvo If i8o '77 il4.' I So 46 VJ7 18 2b 23 23' 28 245 260 96 lay t > - ;i6. 1 84 .: J7'J I67 '75 4' loS 25' « 148 36 203 '7' 2C0 a 141 los 165 '5" 167 ' 253, 2J9.. '53 16y '7- 24; CV 260 26v 21, 243 ■ 157 •' '5' '7y 66 2'4 152 221 l'~. 9" 36) '4: 216 5.6 '7) '3- 226 28 27' 270 26J '54 265 142 159 160 236 24' 84 4^ irrap-uh .M. :54,,5j CrallioT. ,,,g,icravenC. 2-1 (.rawford I . i^jCrayT. _ ,j Crayliiigen I 1 14 Cofenu T. 17s a Coflin T. 212 COSSACKS, 141 Cofluva T. 240 Cofta Rica T. ib. Cothu* T. iS7lCotroiu T. ifO Coventry T. 232'CouIanT. 19$ a' Couna T. 73 Coupinfalf. 2i2iCoarUnd C. 23lCourtravT. 2\4 '87 '8^ 2)3' '44 '"5 91 260 a 16: 195 J I— 26 . 22s ■' 15- I'i2 2,1 J 220 n ^'-^ 258,260.) Jf6 '30 '44 l9ja Philt). 2lOa 222 232'! 260.: 161 269 "9 2U J 9^,138 22S J 182 '49" 9 '34 17 22? ^ I 2« 258,; 25!^ IJ711 'ISO 93 56 '34 •75 257 '13 IS6 '56 213.' '73 190 17J4 \ll 26J 73 2314 '39 a 185 194" 196a ]82 t(A 161 162 166 S6 234" '73 73 "V. '73 220 191 a 47 260 48 249 », 239 Crcange (;. '1'. Crecy I'. Cr«diton T. Cree K. Crema F, Oemierezo T, CremnitzT. Cremona T. Crefcentino T. Oefpv T. Crete If CrevecaurT. 160,231 .1 Oeutznacli 'I. Crickhoivtl T. (.ricklide T. Crim T.iriary. Croatia C, rS (,roiaT St. Croix If I. Cromarty C. T, Cromer T. (romllat T. CronllatT Crfokhorn'I". c;roon Weyfenburg T CrolnaT. Croffen T. Oowa T. Oowlar.J T. t:rovT. (.roydon T. ^t Cruz I'. CuSa If. Cubapui If Cucklitld T. l^uenca'I'. Cu'.avi. C. Culiican C. Cullenibach T. C. Cdlf.i T. CuUiton T. Culoi C Culrofs T. Cumberland C. Cuming If (^umra If Cungun T. Cunningham C. Capraia If CuralTaw If. CURD S. Curitta If. Curraccas C. Cullo T. Cuyo C. (;ydon 'V. (Cyprus If Cyieum T. Cythera C. Cyzicus T. Czaritzan T. Czarnata T. Czaflaw T, Czentoknw T. CzeremilTa I.ugovaia C. Nagornia C. Czerenikow C. Czerikow T. (zirnitz T. ("zongrad T. Czornogor 'T. Czortikow T. Czyrkaffy T. IC6 >49 ' 243 •« 2-)2 20 1 ys 9' 1S4 )«7 2. '9 1O3 44 177 103 iCO 1J7 '84 Z2i I9J Ihl lb-) ibi 254 • 234 <» 25 i a'4 '79 179 191 90 43 .U tit '98 234* 2J4* 256 J 199 Ml 4' 251 a 96 4 230 '7$ 253 143 * 241 162 2504 160 « '7S 2S6il 2^64 2SSd 184 '59* 184 1494 ,& lOf 42 3S il>. 4« 100 177 if 44 44 0. DAbulT, Dica T, Dagheftan C. Dagho If Daintry T. DaleburgT. Dal.;:arlia C. Dalein T. Dalhoufy T Dalia C. Dalkeith T. Dalnntia C, Dalton T. 19$ J 201 a .-.e Dird.inell«s Caftlet D.irdanum T. Darien T. Dirking T. Darlincton T. Darmftiid T. DiTtford T. Dartmouth T. DattTreii Oaventry T. St. David's Fort T. Davis's Straits Dauphine C Dauria C. Dax T. Deadman's V. Dctd Sia Deal T. Dean T. Debenham T. Deddington T. DeeR. Deepden T. Deeping T. Deer I". Deer land Deerncfs if. Vtgrti (Jicmttricd Dehli C. T. Dela VrareR. Bay Delfshaven T. pelft T. Pelli Prxfldii C- Delmenhorft C. T. pelmont T. Delos ir. Delphos T. Bmont Valley nbigh C. T. Dendermond T. Denia T. Denmari( C. St, Dennis T. Denoon T. Deptford T. J)erb«ntT. Derby C T. Dereham T. I>:rert Coall Deliic Port IXtiiond C. iVifaw T. ia DefTcada If. Deva T. Deventer T. Devil's- Arfe, or Peak M Devizes T. Ikvonniire DeuxPontsC.T. IkynfeT. J)i imtttr of the Ctobt IXubcikC'r. niirbeliirT. Diikv'sCove Fort Die T. I)ic):i) Koilrigues If. Uicnitn's Land V'vp Little D.vpholtC.T. Dieppe T. l)iilU;nlioven T Di.ft 1. C. Diethmell T. PicthiiioUlT. Diff.T. St.Dit-y T. DifeliBX T. Dijon T. Dillciiburg 1 Dillingen T. Dinant T- Dinafmouthwey Dingding T. Dingle T. Dingw.i!! 1. Dir.ilalien T. Diofcorides If. Diou DirOiow T- Difnu If. Dils 'I'. The INDEX, i4j)rt:Don6oIi T. i49rt'Donnegal T.C 2J5 d'Donnerail 'I'. ip8|Dorche/ter T. 343^ 230|Dornocl4T. 94 Dorpt T. 201 Dnrtltlliiie 188 Dorilein J. 170 a Dort T. 216 Dortmund T. 197 ri Dove R. 224 Dover T. 241 * 237 a DovernezT. 146 nouglafs T. 231 14J a Douricns T. 144 lloway T. 13 Down C 167 a Downeton T. ;oi Downham T. 203 Biy 213 Down.PatricJj T. 203 Dmns 222^ 236, 239 Dragon V.lb I9S Draitoi T. 2i8!DreHenT.C. 2J0 Dreufe T. * Dreyfeii T. DrielTen T. Droghfda T. Droitwich T. Dromore T. Dronfield T. Drontheim C T. Drumlaneric T. Drummond Caftle Drufenheim T. Drufians Drybiirgh T. Duirt Bay and Caflle Dublin C. T. Daccala C. Dudley Ottle Daderi\ad T. Daina R. Duisburg T. Dulcigno T. Dnleelt T. Dultabad T. Dalverton T. Dulwich T. Dumbar T .C. 260 260 188 J 240 a 241 d 121 J2I 1*7 f4 ■P 181 >74 2iS 127 J56 21 136 2433 272 194 214 266 272 10 14 221 78 J 37 7S 75 266 220 272 219 18 239 247 90 l6oa 238 2J4 267 227 <« 221 80 51 267 20O4 "9° 198 245 92> 92 Dombarton T. 234, 245, 246 Dumblain T. 247 Dumfermlin T. 235i 248 Dumfries C.T. 239 Dun R. 240 Duncannon T. 2661 269 Dundalk T. 266 Dondee T. Duneburg T. Dunemund Fort Dungannon T. Dungarvan T. Dunghunter Ftxet Ounglafs T. Dunkdd T. Dunkenfpitel T. Dunkirk T. Dunleere T. DunmowT. . Dunnington T. Dunnipace T. Dunotter T. Dans T. Dunskey Caftle DunftableT. Dunilafage Ciftte Dunftar Callle 29 271 3« '4 24s 247 lOI 132 266 212 218 242 249 237 240 205 246 190 2J3 \7 EfTtfrding T. Kggir. tglcnia If. Kgra v. EgremontT. Egypt C. Egzard 'F. Eichfeld T. Eindhoven T, Elfenartz T. Eilieben 'I'. Elba If. ElbeaufT. Elbing T. Elbingerode T. Elburg T. F.lcatif T. tlfdd T. ElfiinC.T. Elgiumha T, Ivltiam T. Elini T. Elks Ellen T. KllcfdonT. Elleiniere T. Elnsbogen T. Elor.« T. Eloihdt T. Elphin T. Eluneur 'F. Eltham 'F, Eltz T. Elvingen C. Elvas T. Elve R. Ely If. T. Ely fun Fields Embden C. T. Embeck T. Embs T. Em!y T. Emuierick T. Emproti T. Em>C. Enfield T. Engeren 'F. lingers T. Enghien T, Engia If. and T. England C New C. Enkhuyfen T. Enkoping T. Ennis T. Ennifcorthy T. Ennilleague T. Ens T. Enfay If. Enfilheina T. Entre Duro & Minho DunwichT. Duplin CalUc 2^7 Durazzo 'F. 181 Duren T. 57 Durham C. 229 T. 230 Durlach T. 97 Durlley T. 203 DulTeldorp T. 57 Duyvelland Eaft C "3 DwinaR.C. 53 Diet of the Empirt m Dyfert T. 248 Dziefna T. 48 Eoropv Point Eorfd If, Eoufmill If, Ephefus T, Epirus C, Epping T, Street Epfom T. Equator Eregri T, Erfurt T. EriggregC. Erivan Lake and T. Eria 'F. Ermeland C. ErnR. Erpach T. C. Errol F. Erfiltown T, Erzerum T. Les Efchellcs. Efchwige 'F. EfcuriaL Efens T, Eftngwold T. Eskdale C. Eskerf T. Efling T, Efperies T. Elpinal T, E fleck T. Ifen T. 107 255 261 105 2^1 228 <. t 8u 167 »37 46 66,70 ,'" l&6 li.ng T, FreylhdtT. Fribura T. C.T. Friedberg T. Friefach T. Frielland C, Frieftadel T. FriezUnd Eaft. Friihs of Scotland. of Edinburgh. Fritzlar T. Fciuli C. FrobiQiei'j Straits. Frodelluni T. Frodlinghani T. Frome Selwood T. Frontenac Fort. Frontignac T, Fugania T. Fuhnen If. Fulda T. Fulham T. Fuligno T. Fundi T. Funfkirchen T. Furnes T. Furftemburgh T. C. 16 s 262 214 213 igo 132 IS 59 9i It in 93 59. 93 86 92 74 250 90,92 46 151 40 79 5? 2,23I'« 75 2% iS n =' 18,24 J7 144 79 79 14S 170 107 102 107 93 150 93 109 nj J76 53 10, 235 85.94 163 237 <* 222 229 191 248 a 146 144 (» 22 94 207 168 172 178 126 98 G. rjAdebulh T. 64 ^-^ Gadoro If. 149.1 Gaeta T. 172 Gago C. 230 a Gainesborough T. 217 Galan WIniles. 234 GalataT, 183 Galicia C, 152 Galilee C, 167 a St. Gall T, 15a Gallalhiels T. 238 GallesC. 231.1 Gallioni '\\ 149 a GallipoUT. 173,183 G A. .LOG LASSES. 269 Galloway C. 234,239 New T. 240 Calway C. T. 270 Gamo T, 230 a GandiaT. 156 Gangara C. T. 230 a Ganges R. • 1874 Gani T. 199.1 Ganfie T. 180.* Gaog? C. ^ 230*1 tub 195 J ic6 t' 141 .1 <■.'!'• '6= ( arinold '1'. '7- (ariiuhi.i i:. 109 CaiiftoT. 'M Curlir ut'ord T. 266 CirMle'I'. 23° t'atlowitzl". >"o OvllUidt '1'. 28,64,17^ Orlllcin T. »05 t;ariiu?iioU CT. 160 Carnicl M. i*^ • C'armintT. ^ i°- Carnarvon C. T. tUrnioh C. Carnopoly T. Carolina C. Carpatliian Ms. ("arpcntci's Land, (.larpentrasl . Carpi '1', CariicJi ('. r. D'umrnsk T. Fergus l'. Cars T. i;ai teret C. , CarthaEtnaNewC. T. Old. Carthago T. CartmclT. < arwar T. Gary's Fort. Ciiv.nla If. ( uM T. ( asbin T. ^ Calchaw C. CafcmbifTar T. Carerta T. CaOiel T. <:aftiiobury T. Cafiniir '1'. Calpian Sea. Ca uovo T. 'Niii^'.ariT. Tollit T. Cafti&lior.e del La?oT. >47 166 24c 269 2? I 160 <> 25V ' I $6 254^ 226 194" 268 17^ i(k: 181.. «77 201 a 172 26S 2C6 180- J73 93WJ5 '7S j:7 178,180 96 I "4 ib. ib. '75 14s 1^; 168 dellaStWeraT. 165 raaillcC. 1S3» '54 CaftillonT. '44 Oftlebar T. 209 t:aft!r Carev T. '9' FAtnefe T. J68 Kennedy T. 240 Kitinp T. 214 rafileniain T. 26s Oftl-'iiurtin T. 'b. <;aftonT. 214 OftofT. 21: <;aftre%T. '4^ OftriT. J«' OftrifirrenT. '77 Caftto T. 25b " d' Ortega!. '52 C. T. i<^ VeidcalesT. 152 Catalonia ( . •'53 CataneaT. '74 CatavaT. '75 fit, Catherine's Town. 157 Citherlagh C T. 268 KlCatifT. 375'' Catzenellebogen T. C 94 Cava T. '72 If. 20c Cavailon T. '47 <:avan C. T. 272 C-uicafiisM. 15 J" <;iu:lebtr T. 137 f:aur.vicT. 4' C'awoodT. 2ift Cayenne T. 2l'> <* Caxton 'I'. 215 ("azin C. T. 57 Ca/arne T. 45 Cebuir. i-2'' Ctd'jpria T. '72 CfatediT. '74 C-tjli"ii* T. '75 Cefi!u T. '74 Celebes If. sl- eeve T. Cevcnnois C. Ceuti T. ''eyion If. !hablaisC. :haco C. Giutford T, Cnalcedon T. Chale R. Chalons on the Marne T. Saon T. Chamaquie T. Cranny Lake. '"^tiamb T. "(lamb^rry T. '.'hambli Fort. Cnambort T. Crtamotlan C. Chanipagne C. Chamii C. Changpe M. Chanrie T. Chantilly T. Chanton C. Chappel IB Fryth T. losCharcasC Chard T. ChatleniontT, C'larlcroy T. Cnarles Fort. r. CHarleville T. Chi.Lv T. duroll-s T. Ciurnct T. Chartres T. Carybdis Gulph. Ciiateau Salines T. CanibelisT, Chatelherault T. Cnatham T. Chatigan T. Chitfworth T. Cheddar T. Cheddle T. CfickianQ ChelmCT. Chcliv.i.ur Rains. C.ielnisford T. Chelfv-y T. Chemnitz T. Chencin T. ChenfiC. Chepfi C T. Chepftow T. Cherafco C. T. Cher burg T. Cheribon T, Chirry If. Cicrfoir. C lertfey T. Thelapeak Bay. .' (ham T. C'lelhireC ChefterC. T. Cherterfield T. Cheviot Ms. Cuiapa C. T. Chiari T. Chiavenna C Chicheiter T. Chicova T. Cicuito C Chidefa T. C^'emfee T. Chieti T. Chili C Chiloe CT. Chiltenham T. Chilworth T. Chimay T. Chimera T. Chiraleigh T. Ciina C. Chiiiian T. Ciinielnick T. Chiny T. ;Chios If Chioz/Ji T. Cnioufi T. Chippenham T. Chipping Sudbury T. Norton T. Wycomb T. Ongar T. Chirnfide T. •litor C. T. Chiipour T. 230 ' 160 227' 2ib ' '59 259 • 188 148 J 1?0.< 202.1 104 159 248.) I3v 2 141 2I4.i 213 ' 252 57 214 J 219 ■ 257- 191 130,272 13! 231.' 243" 141, 26) 141 9' I40 17? 9 13-t 140 201 201 .. 2'i. 191 221 216. „-♦•' iSj 1 21: 20- 79 42 214 a K9 22 161 13b 220.1 '4 »75 198 2424 205 221 222,2410 219 232,23? 255 16] 151 199 232 2S8" 182 104 17a ■ 257" 258.1 20 k '87 208,209, &:c.d 213 <* 44 •J' 155" 165 167 192 203 204 205 212 237 199 i. vJare r. C. Clarendon C. Ctdrok II. Uveniia C. Cljultiibcrg T. Uaultnall .-ii.ics. lay I. C...ioiuena' T. ^l-bury T. Cl;i,i|| T. Cijunioiit C. T. Cletnioiic 1, 'leveC. i: Cliti" T. Ctimjttl. Iilfa T. idTjii T. C ithcro T. Cii>ck, a curitmone, Ooglisr 1. Clonfert T. Clonmclt'i'. ->t. Cloud '1'. QoyneT. Cluny 'i. Cluie '1'. Glulbn \ alley. Oyde R. Clydeldale C Coblentz T. Coburg T. C. Tiirptini 'I'. C,-. ,i.n C. T. Cochinchina C. Cockburnlpath T. Cockeny 1'. Cockermouth T. Coevorden T. CojfetTrte. Cofegelhal T. Cognac '1'. «ilR. and Field. Coilcownkirk. Cuinibra T. Coir T. Cokec If CoUte r. ColbergT. CokhefterT. ColdingT. ColdingaiuT. ColditzT. Colditream T- Colen I . Colford T. Colinu T. Col! If. Code T. ColliouvreT. Colliton C. Colmar T. Colniogrod T- Coin 1 . Colnbrook T. Colotzt T. Cologn C T. >t. Coluiubs T. 1S9 2lh..' 1S4.J 17Q 167 175 4' lob 2510 148 36 3 203 >7? ;Co J 141 lOS 165 15" 167 ; 253 259. '53 109 '7- -4 200 :6<. 2'3 J^M 243 • 157 ■' '5' i7'> 66 i'4 152 221 l'~, 9" 136, 14; 5^' 2ib 5.6 17) 13>. 226 28 271 Coiuorra T. Comorro If Cuiipany's Land. mpiigne 'r. Compolttlla C. T. T. Compton T. Conception T. C. T. Concordia T, Cund.: T. Gondoin T. Conc'.opolv T. Gondola C Confucius , Chinefe plitr. Congleton T. Congo C. Coniiao'r. ConiC. T. Conintfgard. Connaught C. Coniiuet T. Conraosburs T. Conltance i.e. CiinltantinT. CoiiftantinopleT. C')italli If. (.'■intinrnts. G>Pti T. Converfano T. Conway T. Copenhagen T. Cip..-rberp T. (.-opi-.po T. (^Oppkbcrg M. Coppronitz'r. ^.oqjMiibo 'r. Cow T. i.'.oidX M. Corbach T. i^ orbv C. T. CotbyeT. Corcyra If, Cordilleras .Ms. t.ordona T. Co, dona T. Cordiiba T. ( -OT^X C. <.;orenza T. Corfe CiltleT. Corfu If and T. Coria T. 1- 26 22s 13 152 2,1 J 220 jjS,: 26 J i;4J Corinth T. 26j Cork C. T. 142 Corlin T. 159 Cormantyn Fort 160 CornouaiUe T. 236 Cornwall C. 241 (^oroual T. ^ Coromandel Coaft. 96 Coron 'r. 84 Correggio T. 195 a Corfica If 207 a Corte T. 237 Cortone T. 243 Corvey C.T. 231 ICorvo If 1 14 Cofenu T. 17s a Odin T. 2UCUSSACKS. 141 Coffuva T. 240 Coda Rica T. ib. Cothus T. iS7:Cotroua T. 1 10 Coventry T. 232 Coulan T. 195 a Couna T. 73 Coupinfa If. 212 Courland C. 2j Courtray T. 237 CoutanceT. 79 Coutpan T. 2J7 Couvin T. «i CovsalC. 203 CowbridgeT. 25211 Cowcf T. 2JS Cowper of Fife T. 106 Coygach C. 146 Crabans Fijh. 243 " Cracow T. C. 90 Crail T. 33 Craillhcim T. 226 CraimburgT. 205 Cranborn T. 177 Cranbrook T. 82,83 Crane fj)». 187 Cran^aaor C. T. 254' 60 .i ire ;iO 144 1990 , 33 Phihjo 2lOa 222 2320 260 .J 161 17 269 "9 231.) 98,138 228 lii 149 9 '34 17' . 225 21 28 258.1 258 J 157" 1534 93 56 134 '75 257 ' '53 IJ6 '56 213 '73 190 17SJ III 265 73 23 1 « 239 « 165 '94" 1960 182 166 161 162 166 56 234" '73 73 43.44 Crete 11. CrevecaurT. 160,231.1 t;reut/.nach T. (Irickhowd T. CrickladeT. Criin 'I'artary. Croatia C. 17! Croia T. St. Croix If 249 f», Cromarty C. T. Cromer 'F. Cromllat 'I. Cronllat T. (;rr.okhorn T. Ooon Weyfenburg T. Crolna T. CrofTen T. Oowa T- OowlinJ T- Croy T. Croydon T. M. Cruz T. Cuba If Cubagua If. Cucklield T. (^uenca T. (2u',avia C. Chiliacan C. Cullemkich T. C. Cull;:i T. Culliton T. Culm C Culroft T. Cumberland C. Cuming If (^umra If Cungun T. Cunningham C. Capraja If CuralTaw If. C L' R D S. Curitta If. Curraccas C. Cufto T. Cuyo C. (;ydon T. Cyprus If Cyteum T. Cythcra C. Cyzicus T. Czaritzan T. Czarnata T. Czaflaw T. Czentokow T. CzeremifTa Lugovaia C. Nagornii C Czerenikow C. Czerskow T. ..zirnitz T. Czongrad T. Czornogor T. Czortikow T. Czyrkafly T. 254 ■» 81 '73 220 195 a 47 260 48 Wl 360. 60 246 223 248 ill 4S 95 loS 190 202 1S4 122 b6 2:3 192 Ibl B.ibo ibl 254.. 234 <• 25i 2'4 179 179 191 90 4! 75 '^ 218 181 198 234 -« 2|4< 256 ZJ6, 239 1 Dragon Fifft ipSjDraitoi T. 2i8'Dre(aenT.C. 250:I)reufe T. 200 Dreyfen T. a6o Drieflen T. 7 DroghedaT. 188 a Droitwich T. 240 a Dromore T. 241 a DronfieldT. 121 Drontheim C T. 121 Drumlanerk T. 167 Drumraond Caftle J4 Drufenheim T- 00 Drufians 184 Dryburgh T. i8i Duart Bay and Caftle 174 Dublin C. T. 225 Duccala C. 127 Dudley CilUe 156 DuderftidT. 21 Duina R. 136 DuisburgT. 24fi|DulcignoT. 200 179'* 218 219 214 2$9a 2f9 ^^ 80 249" '79 214 219 i»3 i7 87 "7 1684 16'ia 2314 147 Dnleek T. Dnltabad T. Dulverton T. Dulwich T. Dumbir T. Dumbarton T. 234,245,246 Di.pjvT. Iliiiknlioven T. 9; iJi.ft 1 . i:. Diethmtll T. DicthiiioUl T. St.Difv T. iJ'tiiK.v T. Pijiin T. Dilkiibiirg T. C Diilingcn T. Diiiant T. Dinalinoiithwey Diiipding '1'. Dingle T. Ding wall T. DiiilJjkciiT. Diolirorides If. Diou Dirlliow T. Difni.i If. Dils T. DitniarHi C. Diver Fonl Dixniuvd T. Dob.\/i T. Doboka C. T. Dobrin C T. Dockiini T. Doesburg T- DolT. Dolgelly T. Domburg 'I'. Dome* T. Domitz T. St. Domingo If C. deCa!cadaT.i54 DonR. 3J>36>2}6 Donas T. "60 Donawert T. 102 Doncafter 1'. 2i8 Donefchine T Dumblain T. Dumfermlin T. Dumfries CT. Dun R. Duncannon T. Dundalk T. Dundee T. Dune'iiurg T. Dunemund Fort Dungannon T. Dungarvan T. Dunf^hunter Fowl Ounglifs T. Dunkeld T. Dunlienfpitel T. .,, Dunkirk T. 236 a iDunlecre T. 222 d iDunmow T. . Dunningcon T. Dunnipace T. Dunotter T. Duns T. Dunikey Caftle Dunftable T. DunllafjpeCvftle Dunftar Caftle Dunwich T. Duplin CaiHe Dura^o T. Duren T. 247 23J, 148 239 240 266,269 266 I. 242jElbin6'i'. i34!ElbingerodeT. 133 ElburgT. P-lcatif J, tlfcld T. Elgin C.T. Elgiumha T. Elfiam T. Elim T. Ms Ellen T, ElltfdonT. Ellclinere T. Elnsbogen T. Elora T. Eloihdt T. Elphin T. Ellineur 'I'. Elihani T, Eltz T. Elvangen C. Elvas T. Elve R. Ely If. T. Elyfian Fields Embden C. T. Embeck T. Embs T. Emly T. Enimerick T. Emproli T. EmsC. Enfield T. Engeren T. huk'ts T. Enghien T. Engia If. and T. England C New C. Enkhuyfen T. Enkoping T. Ennis T. Ennifcorthy T. EnnifteagueT. EnsT. Enfay If. Enfilheira T. Entre Duro & Minho 272 '94 214 266 272 10 '4 221 78 7% !' 266 220 272 '\l 239 247 90 160 ling T, FreyftadcT. Friburg T. C.T. Friedberg T. Friefach T. Frielland C. Frieftadcl T. Friezland Eaft, Friths of Scotland. of Edinburgh, Fritzlar T. Friuli C. FrobiQier'/ Straits, FrodelhaniT. Frodlingham T. Frome Selwood T. Frontenac Fort. Frontignac T. Fugania T. Fuhnen If. Fulda T. Fulham T. Fuligno T. Fundi T. Funfkirchen T. i'urnes T. ^urftemburgh T. C. G. 59.93 86 92 74 250 90,92 46 151 40 79 5? I,23I<« 75 23 iS „ 23 18,24 '7 144 79 79 148 170 107 102 107 93 150 93 109 iij i;6 53 .2 55 85.94 163 237'* 222 229 191 248'? 146 144 d 22 94 207 168 172 17s '26 9S 10 QAdebudi T. ^^ Gadoro IC Gaeta T. Gago C. Gainesborough T. Galan Whdes. Galata T. Galicia C. Galilee C. St. Gall T. Gallaftiieli T. Galles C. Gallioni T. Gallipoli T. G ALLOC LASSES. Galloway (;;. New T. Calway C. T. Gamo 'F. Gandia T. Gangara C T, Ganges R. Gani T. Ganfie T. Gaoga C. CapT. Garabufa T. Garay T. Garda T. & Lake. * Gardsleben T. Carrioch T. Garftang T, Garvagh T. Gasker If Gatton 'P. St. Gaudens T. Gauran T. GAURS. Gaury C. Gaza T. Gelderland Dutch C. Auftrian. Geltingen T. Kkkk 64 149 <» 172 210 a 217 234 183 167 a 150 238 231 a 149 a 173. i«3 269 234.239 240 270 230 d '5fi 230 r< ■ 187 d 199' 180 '" ^7 81 97 56 168. 1 12« 40 271 174 156 94 254 227 a 167 152 183.1 J 30 247 221 .i 179 101 197' 231 a »3, 2o873 Gothland V. If. GotliicfnT. (iotiL-iibiiri: T. ("lottorp 1 C. Gwidi 'r. (iciiJcllnicf T. Cioiidhiird I , Ooiiletti 'I'. 007.0 1 r Grjciol' ir. Ciraiz T. Gr.ida T. Gr.idiici T. Graham'* I"), ke Hill ■ Or, tin Cj.ui Gr.uiipiAri Hills Granipoimd T. Graiiisbcrp T. (j ram lev ill Gun T. Granada C, T. ir. New C. St. Fcde Granada. Granard T. Grand Ca- If. Grande ' Chavtreufe. Granfon 1'. Grantham T. Granville T. GrafTe T. Grat/. T. Graudentz T. Grave T. (traveling T. Gravenecl< C. T. GravefandtT. Gravefend T. Gray T. Cirjyes T. Great Bedwin T. Grimsby T. Marlovv T, \\ aradin T, Varmout' T Jreece C. Greenland C. iretnlaw T. Greenock T. 1501 Greenwich T. 177 (Jrcencible T. Grind .Mine?. Grinlted iiilf. Grinfw.\!iT. Grilbn;. G 17- 15: 229 249 22; 148 2 150 241 176 258 191 80 2:19 236 24c Glo^dW 'I . C. Clouctfter CT- Gluckiburg C. T. (jlucl;ftat T. (j'lution-Fi/i) < 255 • 267 234 ■' 175 146 '49 21b nS 14S 108 46 124 i'3 100 121 201 142 2M 193 217 205 J 77 214 181 12. '3. 14 237 24' 2C0 146 t6 '99 72 150 4- 47 lu IlO 94 i> '75 I67 106 '5 (■0 71 V4 251 » 249 156 199,1 ISr 172 258. I65 253" 252 fl 2J9rt 81 168 71 '31 201 a '97 256 d 257 d 256 h I', H..rlu; .,! T. Ih- v-.n T. 217 96,110, 13c 1 04 228 2iS 107 212 222 152 -J 161 a 181 d 61 205 65 242 57.134 18 207 •95 207 206 ]6l t J7 92 74 129 6f 216' 149 17K1 217 65 114 i'5 137 225 214 '13 m^ 232 « •i''iii>ii". 254,235,257,2^8 ■larris Town 268 Hariow on the Hill '1'. 207 I'^ury Birdl 224 • Holar '1', 17 Holbech T. 218 Holbeck T. 22 Holdernefj T. 229 Holdfworthy T. 18; Holland C. 116, 117 New C. 222 <« 21S HallantT. 47 Holm T. 231 Hoiaein C 60, 61 Holt T. 214 HolteT. 18 Holy Grofs C.T. 178,264 Land 164 d Head T, 225 WellT. 226 Ifland 232 . Wood T. 239 Jena T. 106 Ilowdfn T, " 210 Hoxtcr T. ^o Hov II. 26^ Hoy.'C: T. 54 MuJloi'^ liav and Straits 2;^ « iliidwi-UvaUl. Hiicn If Huelia T. HiitHngen T. Hiiglv T. Hulfernberg M. Hull T. Hulll T. lumber V. Hume Callli.'. Hnnanby 'I'. Hunjjarv C Ilirnterfor I 'P. HuniadC r. Ilanninccn T- Iltintingtoniliiie C. i'. Hiirons I ike Homburg T. and Dftle 91 , 87 Honan C. Honduras C. Honfleur T. Honiton T. St. Honore If Honllaerdyke T. Honten T. Hopfil T. 215 a 255 " -, 138 188 J 50 201 .1 54 ::S 'i4 229 >S7 219 194 '"O 90 21$ 2:0 248.1 ■s J43- blunca .M. 160 166 '5J 160 4 '$6,254* 106 235* 254'* 2j8« 251 J '47 « 189 '45 '* 145 « 231 a 244« 219 d 243 " 269 JACOHITES 148 l»cn ']'. 216 jagerldorf T. St. Jago If. de Chili T. de los \ allesT liickR. |iic7J T. lAKl'IfSSIANS. Jakulskoy 'I', lalac T. lamaira If. jambi T. James R, and T. T. St. James of Compoftelli '1'. 153 Jamgorod T. [amilbwa Like Jamna If. lamni?! T. jamo T. janicroR. Janikaw T. J anna T. Japan K. JaparaT. Jaraene T. Jarauna Caftle. Iirnac 1 . JarodawCT. jafmund Foreft lain T. Jav?. il. lavarin T. javarowT. javcrilvia T. jawer T, Iburg T. Iceland C Icotmkill. Icy Cape. Idria T. JefteinT.C. St. Jean dc Laun T. Anigeti T. LuzT. Pied de Port T. Jedburgh T . Jedo ir Jekutskoi T. Jelouchete Straits Jemptetland C. Jengenbach T. Jenifla K, enizeskoi T. enkoping T. erby T. 148 Jericho T. 121 Jem C. J 77 Jerfey New C 29 143 a 222'* 81 230 J I7ja 181 223 a 220 « 1844 1454 141 35.43 75 180 219 a 177 4) 4J 106 SS aj4 '45 "» 109 91 141 143 lb. 238 2244 '44'* 259 -» 2S 79 100 144,1 ib. 28 131 ii 166 d 247 2404 The INDEX. % 1 1 4=- llllnere Lake Illofk T. llininlter T. llmUdt T. lUley Haft lluntkoi T. II/.» T. Imhrors ICind 1 Imerctt* C. Iniola T. Imperial C. T. InctiChaille Crowny ' Davannan Garvie If. Keith ir. Kenneth If! Merin IC fncheciuin T. Indian iilands Indolhn C. T. Indus K. Ingerftone T. Ingoiftid T. In^ria C. Innerary C. Innerlothy T. Inncrkythin T. Iniierncfi (', T. Innerugy T. Inncrury 1". Inniskillinj; T. Inowladilliw C. Innwiof/ T. Infpriic T. Inverary T. Inverlochy T. Invernefs CT. Joanna If. St. Job 'I'. Sf. John's T 14;^ rt :3s -1,147,267, de Maiiriennc T. 159 d'llval' JoinviUe T. Jompandara T. lona ir Joppa r. Jor r. Jordan R. Ipfwich T. Ireland C. Irken I'. Iron-Gate Irtis K. Irwin R. T. Ifchia ir. Ifemburg 'I'. C. Ifenbuch T. Ifernia '1'. Ifgaour T. St. indore'slnlet Ida 11". KlinRtiin T. Ifmit T. Ifne T. I loll T. irpahaii r. IlToire T. Ilihmus ntriaC. Italy C. Ithaca ir. TtzehoaT. Juan I'crii.inde^ If. juanonrod 'I'. Juan Olcru i.ake Jiidcnburg 1. Ivcrdun 'V. St. Ives 'I". Ivetot T. JuhoisKi (J.T. lvinr,o T. St. Julian rort Jiiliers C. T. Junnan C Juri If. Ivrea ('. turgio <;. T. Jutland C. Ixworth '1'. K. Kcifo T. Kemptcn T. Ktn R and Lal.e Kcnd.il T. KenmiireCWHe Kennedy CalUe Kenneroiif T. Kenfin?ton T. Kent C. Keptarwic T. Keresb:mia 'I'. Kerman C. Kerry V.. Kerfa T. KeCirea T. Kcskcr T. Kcfteven T. Kefwic r. Keta R. Ketterinp T. Keuen T. Ketholm T. C. Keyndiim T. Keyferd-iuter T. Keyferfwaert T. Kheil Fort Kiara R. Kianii C, KjdderminfterT. Kidilly T. Kiel T. Kielcz T. Kiefe C. T. Kilbride T. St. Kildi If. KildareCT. Kildrummy T. Kildun T. Kilhani '1'. Kilia T. Kilkenny C. Killala T. Killaloo T. Killenny T. KiUgarring T. Killmallock T. Kilmarc R. Kilmarnock T. Kilmore T. Kilmurry 'I". Killylegs T. Killyleagh T. Kilrufti T. Kimbolton T. Kimtong T. _^. Kincardin C T. 172 1 King P'.dwardT. 94'Kinghorn T. I7 ib. 334.2.15 245 25J 24? 264 217a 187, 189 -I 187 . Liverpool T. Livonia Sivedifii C. Pcli//j St. Lizier '1 . St. Lo T. Loanda T. Loangiri T. Loango C. Lochaber C. Loch Bryan Lochcarlvay Loch Eport Locherilporc Loch Eic Ijochfiniibay Loch Fin'.agan Lochfyn Loch Genen Loch Griml'etter Lochgruynord Lochken Lochkeandluroy Lochleven LochlefTen Bay Lochloniund 24; 215 21 f-* '■, 107 r\ 180 $5 55 55 55 «76 158 2-1 272 i;8 I'i 255 26C1 272 271 40 221 iQP 47 216 29 48 '1i 232 a ib. 232 a 252 258 258 254 24? 238 258 254 246 258 247 254 246 Loch I one, or Strangford 264 Lochmaben 1' Lochmaddy T Lochmaddy l.ochmonir Lochmyrtoo ■ochnad.il Lochnefs Lochow Loch Rian Lochfeafort Loch Stornvay Lochfyn Lochtarb.1t Loch Tu\ l.ochyr R. and Lake Locrida T. Lodden T. Lodeve T. Lodi T. Loeveftein T. Lohme C. T. Lombe T. LomundM.and Loch London T. 207 to 239 234 236 ib. 254 246 249 ib. 253 2$4. 258 258 Isew London- Derry C T. Longford C. T. Long Ide Longitude Longtown T. Longfdale T. LooT. Loom Bird Loos T. Lorca T. LorettoT. Lorn C. Lorrain C. LoClun T. Lothian C. Lott T. Loudun T. Loughborough T. Lough Dirgh Lough Ern Foyl T. Mask Neagh Louifiana C. 2?9 181 214 I4S l6z 122 24 144 24ft 210 243 ■» 270 271 265, 267 238, 240 << 6,7 231 2j0 »i5 30 60 156 169 246 90,91 120 24J 60 140 217 270 264,273 271 264 24S, 249 a tijiniLilUiiii T. t'-criuiide 'l', ('■crsH.wli T. CertriixilcnbcrgT' Gckck T. rii'ftriii.iC. C.ev.il T. Gex T. Gezite T. Client T. Chnicf T. r.i.ints Ciufeway r.ibclloM. riibr.ilt.ir T. CiclT>:i\T. Cijiiy If. . Cigerv T. nii-liolf. Gigoii T. CWrnC. Si. CilLiin T. Gillicr.iiiky 'I'. Cilolo If. CilsburgT. CJingi,'!! T. (lingi T, (jiimiro C. 6-n,/<;,< I'Unt »3! (iiin'in.r/zo T. (jjricc r. (iiioni T. Ci'sboin T. fiisboroug'.i T. C,\\\t T. Ciii'.iT. GumesT. Ghmorjin C T- GUndi.\^.> T. G!,\:'dror.'.brid6eT. Gliii, C. T. Glalgow T. C;.ti)iittenT. C!.ii>lI,iibour GhlTcnburv T. Gl,uz i". Ckichen T. Glcaciirn T. G!>;i,c:iil M. Glcnelchcg M. Gl.nElg ClLnluce Bay »nd T J3. " ^7 8i 97 J2 zS 28 |68 .1 12« 40 271 174 156 94 254 2Z7a 167 183 a 130 _^_247 179 101 197' 231 .1 108 a "73 J75 155 ("irAiiislicri; I. (ir.inilev Hi (irAn T. (iranida C, T. ii: New C. St. r'cdtfGr.\nad.i. Giojiw 1 . ('. Glouctfter C.T. Clucksburp C. T. Olucliflu T. iiluiiou-Fnh I'liwicnhiXi T. GiicHuT. Goi T. St. Goar T. Goir!,3iilc:i T. Gccii T. God/iminT- Sr. God.u-d T. GodmanciKiici T. Oo-'olphiaT. Oodree IT. Godlpev '1'. t]oi:o T. Oolconda C. T. Gold Goafl Cio'.dingi-'n C.T- do!ce T. Gombrown 'V. ijoiKwr T._ Goir.cr.i \S. Gca-.^t I If. GcT.ro:iT. Go:"i') p.'iu C2Ui>-' Gc;.ii; 1'. Good Hope M. Gor'jizi H. OoiCHiU T. Gordon T. Go:c^ir. Gor:;«!Ki If. Goil;a;i C. Gorit7. T. Goilitz T. Gory T. Goizno T. GofpoitT. (jofiymi T. Got ha T. Granard T. Grand Canary If. Grande If. Clhartreufe. Granfon T. Grantham T. Granville T. GralTe T. Gratz T. Graudentz T. Grave T. (jravellngT. Gravenetk C.T, GravefandtT. Gravefend T. Gray T. tirayes T. Great Bedwin T. Grimsby T. Marlow T. W ar.idin T. Varmout' T. Cireece C GreenKind C ;"ireenl.iw T. 219 Cjrecnof); T, Ijoi ^.irccnwicli T. 177} (ircenoble T. 249] Grind .Mi:'.i.'>. 22;iGtiM(tei; r.ilt. 148 Grinl'w.JiT. 217 Grilon> C- i5oU;rodcc;. T. 241 Gio'ji'.o T. 176 Grotninttn C. T. 255 Giol T.' 191 G romberp T. 105 Grone'.and C. 80 Groir. If. 2;9 GrolT.tioT. 252 Grotnaw T. lb. Groyne ']'. 256 Grubenh.iRen C. 240 Grtmi pen T. Grunncberp T. Giiuialijurj C. T, Gjjdiloiipe If. loj 202 24 CI 180 I) 104 40 193.1 lb. 57 19S 177 216 •8s 122 165 199 .( 2J0,i 4^ 255" 185 a '77 -54 " =55 1S5.; 170 154 -» ■^ ^, 2 'J :45'' 122 ;37 '~S 107 2;o ii IC9 Si 2O9 41 J90 4' 1 loupe Guaui\ T. Gualcor C.T. Guarda T. Guardia T. Gualto r. Guaftilla T. GuUiiiiala C. T. Guaxaca (". Gu.iyra C. 'J". Gnben T. Gubio T. UuedenburR T. Gueldres J . Guer T. Gucrande T. Gueriiuon 'i'. Guernlcy If. Guiana C. (iuiaquil T. Guiare T. Guienne C. Guildford T. Guiuiarancb T. Guinea A'npC. Li/ner Guife T. Guillies r. ijulph Gunt/.burg T. (iiirck T. Gurgilun C. Guritl (;. (juftraw T. (Hiyllandel T. Gu/uratte C H. HAchal T. Jlackrey T. iiadauur I. "4 200 '77 IS6 2$0d ib. 2J1.»,2?4, 2J5 ' 267 234'! '75 146 149 218 nS 148 108 46 1^4 "3 100 121 201 143 21? •93 217 205 >77 2'4 181 12. n, 14 237 241 2C0 146 66 '99 ISO 4- 47 IM 116 94 I ; 175 1O7 106 ■5 (6 71 'M 251,, -49 156 199 ,1 15, 17; :j8. 16s 25;., 252.1 2594 81 I6S 71 '31 201 a 197 256,1 257 <» 2560 143 I9S 'S7 2:2 .1 250 S' 224 150 103 28 7J 179 '59 241 242 267 224 '57" 114 194 S5 191 '4' 24t '44 22S 109 43 223 224 152 d 136 2C6a 235 235 30 \i%a 227 a 1S64 241 \l] 181 6.7 44 109 237 237 213 65 98 104 268 173 104 187 »49 90 86 109 73 62 129 166 I06 216 227 205 87 266 7g 158 79 244 105 144 184 55 222 266 145" 29 4' 43 202 245 133 156 rJ 168 Legacory T. rU«a T. Methitrn Sprin!, Metelin \\. Methwold T. .Mctling T. Metun T. Mctz T. Mciidon T. Mevis If. Meurs C. T. Mexp Fowl .Mexico New C Old .Meziers 'I'. ir. Michael'/ T. if. MichalovUC. Michtlsberg T. Middleburg T. .Middkby T. Middleniarch C. .Middlefcx C. Middletown Middlewich T. Midhuril T. „ -.MidlamT. i42lMidnickC.T. 229 Miedzvrecze T. Migle T. Milan C. T. Milburn-I'ort T. Mildenhall T. Mileto T. Milctum T. Millo T. If. MilthorpT. Milton T. Milton-Abbey T. Mina Caftle. Minchinghampton T. Mindanao If. Minden C. T. Mindleheini T. Mindora If. Minehead T. Mingrelia C St. Sliniato T. Minorca If. Minsk i C. T. Mintzenberg T. Minuri T. MiolansT. 168 '79 185 a'7 19? 205 136 149,1 '85 I60d pi >74 78 I4S 79 203 '72 '4? 195.' 2C4 256 J 14S 249 " 166 I6c 249 ■ 260 241 w 234 ■' 241 a lb li4 179 lb. 2;o.i 151 ' '74 160 '< 107 189 60 176 27 >73 197" 227 233 >5 217 46 IOC 146 169.1 191 2M '5' 153' '-7 X 54 227 lie 168 '93 '79 '55.253 4 '7B 17$ a lb 235 J 22? 25' 249 23 ib4 >74 IJ6 J 5<> '55" 214 109 »S7 I4« lit 245 « 82 '•> 250 .J 251 91, 186 234 46 '79 123 239 74 206 265 222 199 229 48 40 249 16: 191 213 «75 151 a 184 230 201,252 190 2304 203 222*11 55 100 222 190 154" 166 93 172 >59 r. 48 If. 155' Moi If. 222 Mocha T. 174 .< Modellii r. '55 Modcna C. T. 165 Modon T. 182 .Moffat T. 239 Mogul C. iS7, 189 .1 Mohatz T. 17« Mohilo\v T. 4S Moka T. 174 J VloldaviaC. 180 MolifaCT. 172 ■Mollen T. 63 Molfetta T. 173 Moltlbeim T. go Moluccas If. 2:0 'I Momba/j C. T. 23 3 .' Mona If. 22 Monaco C. T- I6i Monaghan C. T. 272 .Moi\amcon R. 205 .i St. Monans T. 248 Monblanc T. 153 Moncalier T. 160 Monccn T. 153 Mondidier T. 1 34 MondonedoC- T. 152 Monduvi C. T. 161 MonferratT. 15? Mungilf C 233 .' Mongalian Tartars. 147.1 Mongatz Fort. 177 Monkton Well. 256 Monk Whirlpool 19 Monmouth C T. 223 .Vlonnikendam T. "7 MoiiccmugiC. 233 •' ■Moiiomorapa C T. 232 o Monopoli T. 172 Monrefi T. 153 Moiis T. ' 30 MonllrevilT. i>4 Monftrulin T. ii>, Montagne T. 149 a Montalto T. 168,169 Montauban T. 143 Montbelliard C. T. 90 Monte AlcinoT. 167 I iafcone T. 169 1 imir T. 147 Verde 'I', 172 Morano T. ib. I'ilofo T. 173 I'ulciano T. '66 Sin^to 181 Montferrat C. 160 MontfortC. ico T. 116 Montgomery C. T. 224 .Mont Louis T. 146 MontmedyT. 131 Montmellian T. 159 Montmorency T. 1 36 Montpellier T. 146 Montrath T. 268 Montreal '1', 248<»|i74 Montrofe T. 249 Montroyal T. 84 Mont St. Angelo T. 172 Montferrat If. 246 a Moon Ms. 226 a Morat T. 149 Moravia C. MORDIVA Tartars. Morea C. Moreton HindmarDi T. Moreville T. Morlichia C. Morlaix T. Morocco C. T. Moromaruj C. T. Morpeth T. .'^^nrli r.!h Morton T, Mosbach T. Mofcow T. Mui.ic C. Muidoii r. Mulhaull'n T. Mulheini T. Mull If. Mullengar T. MulMn C. T. Munde Fort. Mungafia T. Munich T. Munfter C GT. EyiKcl T. Meinfi-t T. Munllerherg T. Murajio T. MurS,u k A^'i-iy. Murtia I". T. Murray C Mnfikburu' T. Mulil.; llaviri Mulcoviie Alia C Mufcovy C. MufTclburgh T. Miiydcn I'. Mycone \(, 230,1 102 80,90 56 254 2r7 ibS,i 46 144 '» 102 264 J4. 90 59 84 106 165 00 ■56 ^5' -44 I ; 142.1 32, ^c. 2U 184 Molparg T. Mortapa T. Mofu) T. Motir If. La Motthe T. Vlouab .Moulin T. Meuntain Du^t Mount Caflel T. St. Michael T. Mount's Bay T. Mountjoy T. Mountforrel T. St. Moura If. IC6 ^i 202 »34 J75 '•39 2.V/ a 177 232 189 86 35 103 168 221 a 9' 173" '43 14 i 217 '75 N. JJAAS T. ^^ Naerpen T. ^agaisky C Nairn T. Nairn C. T. NaniurC.T. Nancy T. NandaR. Nanfio IC Nangafaqui T. Nangafia If. Nankan T. Nanking T.C Nantes T. Nantwich T. Naples C. T. Napoli di Malvafia T. di Romania '1'. Narbarih T. Narbonne T. Narda T. Narni T. Narfingua T. Narva T. Narvar C. Narum T. Nafchow T. Naflaw T. C. Fort. Natal T. Natangie C Natividad T. Natolia C If. Natteni T. Natan T. Navarin T. Navarino T. Navarre Lower C. Sp.tnilh C. Navaneins T. Naugracut C. T. Niumburg T. Naunkoton T. Nauplia T. Naxia or Naxus IC Nazareth T. Neath T. NebloT. Needham T. Negapaun T. Negroland C. Negropont If. Neifter R. Nellemburg T. C. Nembars T. St.NeotsT. Ner» T. Nerac T. Nerzinskoi T. Nefenftat T. NefleT. NefnerbndC Nefs re, Nffwicz T. Netherlands Auftriin. NettunoT. NeuburgT. Neveri T. Neufchatel T. C. 26S 119 1C84 251 '30 90 212 4 1584 2254 236 J 216 4 215 4 138 222 7' 182 ib. 224 '45 1^ 1964 29 200 4 143,1 22 92 231 4 260 a 47 2524 148 a 1«4 1824 182 ib. 144 152 '44 1S84 78 2124 182 184 1684 225 162 213 1974 2 JO 4 184 II '57 216 2214 144 145 4 '79 '34 '79 236 47 '*f '70 104 139 9» Newr.Jliein tidjnd. New Krij'J.inil (;. Newtiiham-rcpi, 'I', Kewcnt T. Nsw I'ofell. Kcwfoiindl.iiicl C. hew (Vtllrnvay ■(', New haute I T. ■New Jcrftfv C. New Ki'ntO. New M,iikC. New Mtrket T. N'cwiih.im T. Newport T. i2rt, 187, 221,22] I'agnel J. Newry T. New Shorfhjm T. NewSidlcr T. and Like Kewlbl r. NewH.it 'I'. Newton T- Newtown 1'. Hiitler T, /.innevao.v New Woodftock I'. New York C. Nex T. Neyland T. Nicaragua T. C. Nicjria If. Niciftro T. NiceT.C. deliPjilleT. St. NichoLu T Niconiedia T. NicopolisI'. The INDEX. ::o 20? '97 240 177 240 ii 24JJ -5 213 203 .197, 224 OAMnni T. iddc T. 199 lb. 109,179 891 'y7i 226 224, 272 272 271 204 2J99ii 177 148 « I49<<) iHo 148 .1 159 « «7} 254^ 94 52 33.52 108 2}0JotteburgT. Nottingham C I'. Kova Zcmbia C 228 d "5 216 d 169.) lyS '47 2244 184.1 35 i4fi 239 239 i;6 212 '29 169, 17 140 172 161 9 '-5 1J6 2S 5? lOI 214 27 217 »'7 104 229 216 66 191 13 260 20? )bJora C. OhernbL'i z T. ObetUein T. OberwBlcl T. Oby U. Oct. in Ochil \U. Oikingh.im 1". Oczakow T. __^, Tartary ( 204|OdenCec If. 272 Odiham T. Oedenburg T. a-lsT Oelcl If Oellergo C. Oetiiigen C. T. Ofero T. Dffembiirg T. Orttn T. Uffenburg T. Offingen T. Okehampton T. Oldenburg C. T. Oldendorf T. Olden/yl T. Oldedoe T. Okron If, T. Olinda T. Uliva T. Olmutz T. Olenecz T. Olfc T. Olyka T. Olympus M. Oman (;. Ombria C. St.OmersT. Ommen T. Omiuer Schans T. Onega Lake G OncglU C. T. Onolsbach C. T. Onruft if Onfpach C. T. Oppelen T. Dppenheim T, Optatowitz T. Or K. Oran I'. Orange T. Oranienburg T, t)rbiy C. T. Orbc r. Orbitello T. Ordingen T. Oregrond 'I'. Orcnl'c C. T. Orfi T. Orlord T. Oria r. Orietan T. Otihuda T. Orillac T. Orilhgni T. Orixa T. C. Orkney If. 2 Orlamund T Orleanois ('. Orleans 'I'. If. Ormifton T. Ormskirk T, Ormus C. T. If. Oronfa If. Orfa r. Orfora T. IMka T. Orfoy T. Orta T. Ortcgal T. Orto T. Ortona a Mare C (^libair. Orviefo C.T. Ol'atca r. Osbiirg T. Olchcntnrt T. Oftrn^ T. Oltrc/a- T. Oltuni r. Oluici/.in T. 2i7iOlivdtrv r. 34 104 t^7 84 33 10 =47 194 18.) ib. 101, 102 165 IOC 178 1-9 100 188 $5 54,61 1'4 61 "43 ,44 2600 4; 106 33 106 4? 1^9^ 175" 168 (JtUy 'I Otranto T. Otteisbcrg T. OverHickee If. Overmaislf, Overfi If Over-YlTclC. Oiigly T. Oviedo T. Oiiia T. 22|Oulney T. tg6 jOundle T. i77|OureR. io6;Ourfa T. 2y iQurtcz T. (Xiskerrie If. Oulliough C. Own Cattle Oxenhall T. Oxford 111 ire T. '91 256 2?I 222 '7 214 174 136 29 21S 16 134 "4 "4 27 33 161 95 220 4 T. 43 43 '73 42 221 228 173 04 122 121 254 114 20l 144 261 34 40 230 203 204 PencaitlmJT. I'eniieiaiiii T. Pengab ('. Pcnirhe T. Pciiinjul.t DAbbay If •*• Paramores C. Pachuca T. Paderborn C. T. Padllow r. Padua T, I'agafa 'I'. Paha T. Pahang T. I'ainbeuf T. Painfwic T. 149 a, 1 59 rt St. Palais T. Palamos T. Palatine Eltilort Palatinate Palatlchii T. I'aldykirk T. Pale En^iPi, ,n Ireland Palentia T. Palermo T. Paleftrin'. 1. Paliacate T. 95 ' PalimbangT. 106 Palnia If. 861 Nova T. 42 1 Palmyra T. 239'l'almyrcneT, 227 J I Pamiers T. i47;Pampeluna T. =41 I J. J 9 Penkridge T. Penman iMoor Penna de Hilli T. Penon deVelez T Penpont '!'. Penrice T. Penrilli T. Penryn T. Penficola T. Pensberry T. Pensford T. Penlilvania C. Pentland M. Skirrys Penzance T. Pequin C. T. Pera T. Perach T. Perellaw T. Pergamus T. PerglT. PERI/tCI Perigeux T. 25J, 2J9 Perigord C. 257 a PERISCII 252 a Perleberg T. $5 PermawelikiT. 187 Pernambuco C. i6j PernawT. j8i Peronnc T. 20$ a Peroufa l^itllty 205 a Perpignan T. 138 Perfepolis Ruint 203 Perlhore T. 144 PeifiaC. 1 53 Perth C. 86,87 „ T. 85 1 Peru C. i5idiPerufa C. T. 249!PefaroT. 264 PefchierT. iji Pelt C.T. 174 Petaguei C. 170 Petapla T MW Ganges 201 a 221 168 227.; 239 223 231 186 249 ■! 241 192 240 "7 "9 165 4i b 194'' 251a 178 261 ib. lOI 145 222 a 260 a 166a 222 a 259 J 260 a 2$9 a, 196 a 165 256 a 155 149 a 16J 35 181 13 30 241 266 174 103 259.1 20] a 201 a '57 t 8Sa, 201 a 182 229 144 162 5 74 35 260 a 29 '34 :i6o 146 185a 220 17$ a 246 247 256 a 168 ib. 163 260 a 253 a '74 161 216 250 248 a 169 29 196 55 178 191 108 199 34 66 90 97 99 1» 184 181 154 a '44 149 a 241a, ipa 260 rt 181 222 a 184 261 a 123 88 '9' 28 268 130 i6s 167 '34 229 234 a 231 159 167 166 167 Polar Circlet Poles Polefia C. Polelin de Rovigo T. Polefworth T. PolicaftroT. Polignano T. Poloczko C. Poloesk T. Pomerania C. Folifl, Srvtdifl) Further Pcmerellia C. 45, - Pomfret T, Pomona If Pondicheri T, Poniewifs C, T. Pont de Beauvoifm T, de Carche T. a Pel T. de Garde T. de Lima T. a MoufTon T. Remuli T. de St. Efprit T. deStura r. Pontefraft T. Pontelea Veneta T. Pontevedra T. Pontoife T. Pontvpole T. PoolT. Pool's Hole T. Popayan C. T. Pope's Ides Dominions Porca C. T. Porco T. Porentru T. Porlock T. Port Arlington T. Defire rornelle T. St. Julian Lonis T. Mahon K St, ^tary T. Paflage T. Patrick T. Royal T. Portalegre T. Portendo'.vn T. Portland T. Portnadown T. Porto T. Bello T. deCavallosT. FerrajoT. Fino T. Hercole T. Loiigone T. Rico T. Sanfto T, St. Stephani T. Vecchio T. Venerc T. Portfmouth T. Portugal C. Pofega C. T. I^fen T. Pofnan C. T. Pofon T. nano 45, 4 2 47 103 220 '72 '7' 48 ib. 71 73 72 73 7', 72,7' 228 260 197 a 48 147 '37 163 146 157 91 167 146 160 228 163 152 130 223 190 219 25- ■» 1-19 167 105 a =57 ' 93 lya 268 259.' 157 259.1 '39 '57 '55 152 240 238 a, 24s,; '58 272 189 272 i>7 255' 253' 167 I6[ lb, 254 .< 234 .» 107 J 62 101 i5;6 '57 '78 no 40 178 168 i;6, luncnhurp C. T. Limcville T. Lupus Cervarius Lur.»ti.i c. Lufco T. Lurti T. Luteiib«rp T. Lute/ow T. Luton T. I utterbeff T. Lutterworth T. Lutzclhiiri; T. Liif/elfteii. 1 . Ltit/eii T, Luxemburg C.T. Luzar.x T. Liizern Valley Lydd T. 1 vmington T. I^ynn Hegis T. Lyonnois (;, Lyons T. l.vpczeC. T. LytchamT. M Marchpurc T. Marck C. Mardykc T. Mareb T. St. Margaret K. Margarita H'. St. Maria T. and Port DelatNivetT, Maribo T. Marienburg C. T. 2?7 lOb 57 "5 1 48, '78 2)6 d 'J! 3f)O.I 21 46, 66, 130 249 '' 161 M. 'AcacoC lUa Macao If. 217 <» T. 225 a VacalTirir. andT. 220 ^ Mjccleslield '1'. 222 MAcnONNALDS 255 Macedonia C. 'o' Mician If, 221 a ^UcllidlC. ajl" Machynkth T. 224 MACLEODS 25$ Macon T. '42 Macnn C. T. 186 a Macridina T. 268 Madagafcjr If. 23J 1 Midcras If. 2?} a Wadiifpatan T. 197 a ]\\idridT. 136, » 54 Midiira C. 196 ■ MitUtraiiJ T. 28 Miellhom T. 18 ^iidlmd-Sluys T. 121 MasltrichT. ii4 Jilagidoxo C. T. 233rf Mif Jeburp T. C. 70 Mapelim titraits 259 '> Mapii T. 151 Migliana T. I<*9 Masnefu T. 152.' Maidenhead T. 19S Maidftone T. 2C2 Main C. 2J9 a MainaT. 182 Mainland If 26i Ml ill-Tor M. 219 Mii^itreeT. 212 M.vinungen T. 96 Ma.orca I. and T. i$7 M.ur R. =65 L'-'Maire Straits 2j9a Malabar C. I94 •• Malacca C. 2040 Milaga T. i^jt MalagoizT. 42 Mabguette C 2?2 a Malda T. 201 a Maiden T. 212 Maldives If. 2J7'' MalinesCT. 128 MALLEANS 196" Malleiiiachs Fovel 14 Mailing T. 201 MilloT. 265 Malmotf T. 28 Malmsbury T. 192 St. MaloT. 13« Malpts T. 222 Malta If. 174 Walton T. 229 M.i>nmuts 144'' MamoraT. 227 <» Man If. 196 « Manar If. 232 M^ncaMs. 231* Micehefter T. 227 Mandinga C 230 a MandoC. 189" Marig.ilante If. L» Marine de Final Maringues T. St, Marino C. T. Markos T. Marliet Jew T. Kailin I'. Marlborough T. Marlow Great T. Marly T. Marmora IC Sea MAROMIES Marpurg T. Marlal 'J", Marfala T. Marsburg T. '• Marfeilles T. Marfenburg T. Mardifteld T. Marlico Novo T. M.trlillac T. Marta i'. C. Martaban T. Marten I.C St. Martha C. T. M.vrtigiies I'. St. Mariiii If. 2; d' Eft i Valley .Martineco If. Maryborough T, Maryland ('. St. Mary's If, T. de Finillerre l'. dela t'onception I'. 260 .1 dc Leu" T Mafcahat T. Mafcala T. Maliurenas If. 142 168 15? a'7 ly? 205 130 149,1 18? 1604? 195.' 2C4 2SS,256.v 14S 249 •> 166 I6c 249 2o;5 241.1 134 .1 41 a Mifcon T. .N'aihatH T. Mahck T. MalTi T. MafHchufeti C. MalTeran C. T. Maflbvia C, Mifttik Trees. Mafulipatan T. Matapan M. Matcran T. Matzimay T, MaubeugeT. Mauleon T. Maulesburgh T. Maum M. Maurices Bay. iC Maurienne C. St. Maws T. St. Maximin T. May If. .Mayenslf. ■Mayndial T, Mayo C. T. .Mazagan T. Mazanderan C, Mazara Valley &. T. Meaco T. Meafures CeomitricJl .Meath c. Meaax T. .Mecca T. Mechlin T. Mechoacan C. Mecklemburg T. C, Medbery 'l\ Medelpadia C. Medenblijck T. .Medina T, 173 175a lb, 2JS.i '42 229 60 167, 172 2390 160 4' i56 a 199 a 1S2 220.) 225 a J 30 249 202 5S, 23 217 46 100 146 lf)9« 191 2M 'I' 153" 127 t 54 227.: 11c 168 .. »93 "79 253 •' 4 225 25^ 24V 23 Ib4'' '74 156,1 '55" 214 109 "" 141 136 245 .' iJ2 T. 250 2J1.' 141 91, iS(i 234 " 46 I7y 'i3 239 74 206 26j 222 109 229 48 40 249 16: 191 2n >7' 151 a 184 23c 201,252 190 230 d 203 212>a $5 100 2220 190 154 a 166 '57 48 93 172 159 '17 >S4 166 '43 91 '45 182 ib 48 78 266 248,249 Monaglun 'J. T. 272 .Vtonamcon K, 205 .i St. Monant T. 248 MonbLanc T. '53 Moncalier T. I60 Moncon T. 153 Mondidier T. 1 34 MondonedoC T. 1J2 Mnnduvi C. T. 161 MonferratT. 153 Mongale C. 233 •' Mongilian Tartan. '47 •» Mongatz Fort. 177 Monkton Well. 236 Monk Whirlpool 19 Monmouth C. T. 223 .Monnikendam T- i'7 Moiiocinugi C 233 " Vloiioiiiotapa G T. 232 <• Monopoli T. 171 Monrefa T. 153 MoiisT. i;o Monllrevil T. 1 34 Monilrulin T. in, Montagne T. 149 MoMtalto T. 168,169 Montaiiban T. 143 Montbelliard C. T, 90 Monte Alcino T. 167 i lai'cone i'. 169 1 inur T. 147 N'crde 'I'. 172 Morano T. IMofo T. I'ulciano T. Sanrto Montferiat C. MontlortC. T. Montgomery C, T, .Mont Louis T. Montmcdy T. .Montmellian T. Montmorency T. Montpellier T. Montrath T. .Montreal T. Montrofe T. Montroyal T. Mont St. Angelo T. Montferrat If. Moon Ms. Morat r. Moravia C. MORDIV A Tartars. Morea C. Morcton Ilindniarlh T Slorevillc T. Morlachia C. Morlaix T. Viorocco C. T. Moroni arus C. T. Morpeth T. Morlt Fi/h .VJorton T. Mosbach T. Mofcow T, Mulioviit ,\iii C Miiliovy C. MiKrelburgh T. Muyden J', Mycone IC i4» ib4 Mofourg T. Mortapa T. Moful T. Motir If. La Motthe T. Moaab .Moulin T. Mountain Du^s Mount Offel T. St. Michael T, Mount's Bay T. MountjoyT. Mountforrel T. St. Moura If, Mourcmanskoy C Moufehole T. Moufe Tower, Moufon T. MouftienT. Moyenvic T. Moyn T, Moyra T. Mozambique C. Mfcidaw C. T. Muck If. Muedzibofz T. Muhtbcrg T. 7b, •73 166 iKi ifo loo 116 224 146 151 •59 156 146 268 248 a, « 74 X 172 246 d 226-1 149 106 .11 202 '34 '75 '39 227 J '77 232 14 189 86 35 103 23 16 221 <• 91 173 « '43 '4 I 271 2«7 '75 I 85 177 '59 9' 269 272 235" 48 255 j^AAS T. •^-^ Naerpen T. Nagaisk)' fc. Nairn T, Nairn C.T, NamurC.T. Nancy T. Nanrfa R. Nanfio IC Nangafaqul T. Nangafia If. Nankan T. Nanking T,C Nantes T. Nantwich T. Naples C. T. Napoli di Malvafia T, di Romania T. N'arbarth T. Narboniie T, NardaT. Narni T, N'arfingua T. Narva T. Narvar C. Narum T. Nafchow T. Naflaw T. C. Fort. Natal T. N'atangie C Natividad 'I'. Natolia C If. Nattens T. Navan T. Navarin T. Navarino T. Navarre Lowi.^ Spaniih C Navarrcins T. Naugracut C. T. Niumburg T. Niunkoton T. Nauplia T. Naxia or Naxus IC Nazareth T. Neath T. Nebio T. Needhara T. Negapatan T. Negroland C. Negropont If. NeilUr R, Nellemburg T, C. Nemours T. St. Neots T. Nera T. Nerac T. Nerzinskoi T. N'efenftit T. NefleT. Nefnerland C Nefs R. Nefwicz T. Netherlands Auftriin, N'ettunoT. NeuburgT. Neveri T. Neufchatel T. N'euiantkoi Caltle. Nevis If, Nevyn T. N'eumarckt T. Neuftat T. Newark on Trent T, Newbarrow T. NewboroughT, Newbottle T. Newbury T. New Caltle C T. 241 4, 2Z4 Under Line 1. jn Upon Tine T. 232 New- 263 119 37 168 t(in ( . 1. Northjiilcii r. North Ciirrey T. Northern fli). North Hope. North leckc I'. A'trih /•'<'' in Oronel.ind ij North I'ctherton '1'. 191 Northvilt If 2S6 Northunibeilind C, ;•, i Notih« ich I . :::i Norway C i* Norwich I. 2:4 NotoT. .i'ld \'illcv 174 Notrcdanii; de Ltilfc 'r. ijo Nottcbi";', T. ^ 2g Nottini',li.ini (^ I'. 21S Nov.i /.inibU C 16 Nov.in T. 16; NovclLira V. 16; Novi^ud r. 175, 176 Novogoto.! \\i.Uki C. 1 . 54 S^ivii.T'.kiC. T. 56 27 271 204 23V « 2? 213 25!"' 157 " I49''«i6i 160 33.91. 177 1484 149 ''i 180 148 '< 159 « •7} 254" 94 J2 33.52 loK 230(1 2:8 <> "5 216 <| l6g .; '47 2:4-; i84,( 3? 146 239 170 212 ' 1:9 i()9, 172 140 l-i 161 > 1 '-S 2J0 2S 5^ 101 214 -7 217 i;? 104 216 66 191 n :(5o 20^ Novogrodtc C. f- No von T. Nubia c. Nuneaton T. N'urcniburg 1. N'ufon C. Nuys T. Ny burg If Nykoping T. N viand C, Nvlled T. Nyllot T 47 136 MI.' 2:0 7. ^9 Dckl I Oeltergo C. Oetingeri C. T. OferoT. Offemburg T. Orten T. UfTtinburg T. Offingen T . Okehampton T. 01deiibur»^ C. T. Olden.jorf T. Olden/yl T. Oldelioe T. Oleron if. T. Olinda T. ( >liva T, Olmutz T. Olenec/, T. Olfe T. Olyka T. Olympus M. Oman C. Oinbria C. St. Omers T. Oniincn 'I'. Oniiner Schans Onega Lake G Oneglia C. T, Onolsbach C. T. Onruft If Onfpach C. T. Oppelen 'I'. Oppenheim T. Optatowitz r. Or K. ()ran T. Orange T. Oranicnburg T. Orbav ( , T. Orbc T. Orbitcllo T. Ordingen T. Oreprond T. Orenltf C. T. OrfiT. OrlordT. Ori.i I'. t)riet.in T. Orihuela T. Orillac T. Oriltagni T. OrixaT.C. Orkney If 2^3 OrUmimd T. Orleanois (.', Orleans T, IC Orniifton T. Orniskitk T. Ornius C. T. ir. OronCi If. Or la r. Orfra I". Or>ka T. Orfov '1. Orta r. Ort^pal T. Orto r. Ortona 1 Mare Oriiba If OrvicUiCr. 0> yrpif Otatca I'. Osbiirs r. Ofchciitiilt T. Okra !l. Olciv'.ulChace Oliiv.o r. OlunT. OlniiinoT. Ofiubnig (;. Oiiiiiio (;. T. Oirniia T. Ollalric T. Odcnd T. Oltcrburi T. CXlsrodc T. Olteroolf^ Oliciwitk T, Oftia T. lM:.u Is OlliiUi T. ■ uu I nil I I — I- -V 11) 101, 102 165 ICX) I7« 1-9 100 188 53 54,61 55 114 61 143 >44 260a 45 106 33 106 OurtczT. Ou^errie If, Oullioujh C. T. Onri CiiiU Oxenhall V. Oxford fliiru T. DAbbiy If. ■*• Paramores C. I'achuca T. Padetborn C. T. I'adflow T. Padua T. I'agafa T, Paha T. Pahang T, ll'ainbeut T. I'lO ,T '44 261 34 4" 203 204 149 rf, T. 43 159" '75" 168 '34 "4 "4 27 33 /6i 95 75 •79 149 167 27 •5 168 .1 21 17 202 . 156 142 173 .•■'}4.235. oo 79 J»9 139 2481 ^5 217 i86 '55 149 "» '65 35 181 13 30 241 266 174 103 259 J 205 a 201 •' '57'" 201 d 182 229 144 162 261 17' 46 2571 219 196 •> 213 It »34 238 231 203 << 178 3221 24|PiftoiT. 169 29 196 55 178 191 *l 108 199 34 66 90 97 99 84 §9 184 181 154^ 144 '49" .1)0-1 260 il iSi 222 'I '84 261 ,1 88 191 28 268 130 i6s i«7 >34 229 234 a '231 '59 167 166 1 67 163 2J8 160 171 a 47 IDS 48 157 66 48 167 201 It 15S.1 78 166 ib. ' ?'oioiM k:. I I'oiftier^ T I Point of La/ifi ij Paints of lh< O'lthe 2, 3 i'oilTy I'. 1 S7 St. Pol de Leon '1'. i >j> PoU T. 16^ Polachia C. 41 PolandC 40,4t,49,jo,5i,^i Pilar Circles Polls Polefia C. Polelin de Rovigo T Polelworth \. PolicalhoT. Pollgnano '1'. Poloczko (;. Poloesk T. Pomerania C. Polilh Sreeiiifli Further PcmertlliaC. 45,71,7 Pomfrei T. Pomona II'. PoKdicheri T. Poniewifs C, T. Pont de heauvoifin T de Carchc L. a Pel T, de Garde T. de I .ima T. a MoulTon T, Remuli T. de St. F.fprit T. de SturaT. Pontefrart 1'. Pontelea Veneta T. PontevedraT. Pontoife T. Pontvpole T. Pool t. Po 13 WEST MAIN STRUT WF95TBR N.Y. U5M (716) i:':i!-4503 The I N D E X. Prcnilfliw T. Prenllow T. Pifshuip C. T- Prefcot r. I'reltcr loliii I47» PrsftonT- 2:6, i3' Pripces H'. 0.1 Pii'iciptf ir. I'liv.is T. ]'rive/,i T. I'lopontis Sea I'roleccio T. Profeg 'I'. I'rovsnctf (". I'rovidtfiict: If. I'runi T. rruCi T. Prufws T. PrulliJ Ouc.U RovaljOrPolim PtoUniii* ' • PiickoriJRcT. i'u.bl.delos AngelosT. K.ievo T. Puerto riJ, Principe If. X'ej.i'i . Sejuro C. T. Puclia C. Puicerda T. PiitliL-ly T. Pultovii T. PultOLlll • Purbeck T. Purnicrend T. Le Puv T. Puvl.iurens T. Pn7.zoli T. PyrniArKsT. Pyraiont T. 43 7^ 17" 14V:; ".243 254 " 146 iSi ic 1S3 109 ib. 147 244" b4 149 .. ib 46 45i47 200 25:.' 254, : 'b. 201 .' 172 IS- 22^ 4' 3t' iblp 117 14O 145 172 180 J 55 Qfakenbri;;; T. 5^ . Q|i.ir,ri C. 216 i Ouanton r. 216 -i Quarantir.ia M. 166 a Oaebcc r. 248.1 cXuedi T. 205 .1 Ouedani If. 250 (Tuedlir.bur?, T. 71, -S (Uiecii \niu\ 1 ort 251 ..; (Tiietfnboroug,li'l'. 201 (^teensC.ouiiH' 268 Ci-.eens Ferry T- 24; Q_jecn'sTo\v;i 208 Ouecheu C. 215 « (X'efnny T. 1 "O Ouisrs C. T. 160 OnillanC '1'. 25:5.1! QjiioiC. 23', ,1 (^uilon T. 195'' tK;imp-r Cnreiitiiic T. 139 .sT! (iiiinti:'. '!'. 'H (l.iitoC. 1". 257.1 Qjixos C. ib. R. R.XabT. 177 Kiadflieer /vir/ 14 KKU'Nbtirg '1'. lOH R.iriivii'l. 42 RfldkopingT. 22 RadiorC.T. 241,223 Uadom T. 42 Kadiil'cowlcz T. ^8 Kad/.iev. I'. 41 KagufiT.C. 176 Rajap'iiir 'i'. ly? '' RniiiT. 102 I<.rtU-i;;li T. 213 Rama T, i''? " Raman.inco;i If. Iy6.» KauKi^ensT. 123 lUnidliP* '1'. 129 lUuiiin:l>bi:i£ Mines and '1. 60 Ramfey T. 216 If. 224 T. 231 Ranalfi South If 200 N'lrtli 261 Rantlit.ri,i T. 256 1 Kancon Caves 140 KandLT>, T. 23 Raolconda T. '!;? « Rao-fa If 255 Pap,illo r. 161 R.ip.:lftcin'r. 90 RiveRcin T. KayadcrGwy T. Ko.tdlngT. Ivealeio 'I'. Ivealiiiniit T. Rccilf T. Reclilinhaiifen C. T. Redbridae T. Kedruth T. Rees T. Regahorda C. Rcgeio'r. Reichenaw T. Reiclierfperg T. Roillianette T. Rcinecii C- T. Rcinol-kiik T. RcipohKirk T. Reillin;; T. St. Reiiii T. Kemireniorit T. it. ReniQ T. Renfrew T. ;\ennes T. lT. 2:.? 194 254' '45 260 -i RotterfwcilT. g; RotweilT. ib. St. Rovigo T. gylRoufair. i6ojRou(lillon C. 91 Routing Well I6i I Rouwcll T. 241' Roxburgh C. 138 RoyUonT. 60 Rozan T. 55 RozentinT. 214 Rozicn C. T. 98|Ruden If 35'Rudi(loT. 43'Rudolphfword T. 28.Ruffen T. Iiugby T. Rugelly T. Rugen If Hugenwold T. Ruslen T. Rulle AiMiiflery Ri\m If. Rumford T. Rumney T. Rurafey T. Runckel T. Uuppin T. Ruremond T. i'.ulP.in T. Rufs C. Ruliia Great C. Red Little White Ruttierglen T. [iuthr.-n Callle Ruthyn T. Ruthr.dftiire Rye r. Rytgate T. Rypen (;. T. Rzcezyca T. I2C 2:0 184 - 6; 156 23 228 216 64.97 J2I »S' 99 163 261 146 236 216 23b 205 47 42 48 7"^ i83 109 252 220 221 7? 7^ 242 55 255 213 20; 196 94 75 ni 2' I 15' 42,4- 4" -4- 247 225 21- 200 199 23 48 r. Sindi'.i I'. Sa-idoniir P. C, Saiidown C.i'ile Sandwic'i I'. Sain]'iiijr T. Santirena 1', Santen T- sintillana 'P. Santorini If "iapias T. Sira Deferts Saragoir* T- Saraio I". Saraput T. Saratoff T. Saravalle T. Sarcina T. Sardinia If. SardisT. Sarew..Tdtn T. Sarlat 'P. Sarno T. Saros C. SirlUd T. Sarwar T. SalTiri 'P. Sjs van Ghent T. ■iatalia T. Satz P. Savigliano T. Savillan C. Siuinur 'P. Sivolax C. Savona T, Sivoy C. SaufenbergT. Sawbridgeworth T. Smji h jaxenhapen T. Saxmundham T. Saxony Power C I'pper Savn T. C. Sc.i(',en T. Sella 'P. Nova T. Pa Scaletn T. ifallawav T. Scilpa if ~>canderbep T. vanderic P. Scandcroon T. -icandianoT. ^Tara T. cirba If V irboroHr,h T, "Cirdone T. '>cirpanto If Si.ibri.T 'I'. 84 SchitVhaufenC. T. 141 ithjgen T. 250 .1 Sihaniachic P. I45 a Sihanllen- Hole T. 165 xhanmberg C 'P. 184. ■ichcitTciltciii yl/iwfr-i/ 197 ,1 'iliti'ing If xhemnitz T. 1 1- Schenlelt 'P. 227 . 'chtning 'P. IC)6 Mh-.-nkenfchans T. 184 .J ichetla id If : 16; Scheve T. 143 iihcvelingT. 27, 227.* Schiedam 'P. 17S Schinta T. 15- SchirasT. I5y Schii'van C„ 178 Schleftat 'P. ib. Schlenfmgen T. C 26 Schonen C. 146 .Schonvein T. 17: Schoonhaufen T. 142 Schorndorf 'P. 193 Schowen if 91 Schwalbach T. 99 Schwartzenburg T. C 147 Schweidiiit/, T. 181 Schweinfurt T. 181 Schydlowiefcz T. 221 Scilly //landt I94/1 Scio II. 186 Sciro If andT. 217 SclavotiiaC. iN Scodra 'P. 104, 179 .S'coon P. 55 ScoonhovenT. 254 4, 260 a .Scotia Nova C. 161 Scotland C. 1471 Scotufa T. U'H.i Sriidarct T. 4:|Si;JanT. 201 JiSecchv P. 4:] Sec/ '1. i97..Se;;i:bcrg T, .Segedin P Segelmefle C Segesburg 'P. Segefwar 'P. Segorbe 'P. .Segovia T. .Sel If. Selburg T. Selby 'P. .Selengin<0 M Shefnell 'P. 150 Shellbrd T. 117 Sheppey If 180 a Sherborn T. tl4 Sherboro 'P. 55 SherilTmuir H.tiile Ho Shields T. 1 16 Shipfton T. 176 Shipton Mallet T. 5)6 Slioreham New P. 28 Shrewsbury T- 1 15 Shroplliire G. 57, 261 Shugbury T. 2j Siam C. 120 T. 121 SiaraC. T. 176 Siba C. 184 a Sibbald de W'eerts If 180 a Siberia C. 90 Sichar T. 96 Sichem 'P. 28 Sicily If 95 SicklosT. 75 Sidero Ctpfa T. 99 Sidmouth 'P. 123 Sidon T. 94 Sienna C. T. 80, 9( Sierra I. eona M. 106 Sigan T. 9- Sigen 'P. C. 24 Sigeftan C. 185 sigeth t'orlh •55" SiRmaringeti T. 184 Si ,[11 1 178 -littuencaT. 181 SiieliiC. 247 -liliitria'P. 122 SiniigienT. 2380 Sinmicren T. 233 Sinai M. iKi liiicapourT. iK-, MMi'iii C. T. 201 2!9 15K 56 IJ2 1580 154 <» 229 '« 153 180 14? " 37.»43' 16? 168 17.' 150.1 91 144 172 176 66 177 173 12; 155" 105 ]6l ib. 140 29 161 •4 55 213 60 7i>77.8i 94 2; '72 151 « •74 262 255,258 23 229 .) 161 .1 166 14' J 1.1 138 6t '77 229 ii 170 lb. 15G IS4. 223.* 235.1 49 22S 145 .» 'H .'§! 177, '7Si lbs a 129 229 a 168 230.* I '7 141 167 a 26O 260 <♦ 178 I6Z :s , I6l 184 i8t 228 158 120 2C2 42 '73 169 20i '"2 24J '55 190 263 261 14 197 75 22ii 22r 205 2CI 190,2:8 2U 247 230, 2U 220 190 19? 221 ^« ib. 220 203 d 304.1 1 260.1 .i 188./ 259 .i ' ?7i '42" ' 16S.1 ib. ,'^ '74 178 ' i«t l!-8 161 d 1 67 2261* 215 rt 91 184 .> '77. '-8 99 '* 3 -t: .i. '54 10$ i8a I7« «7 171 Siieburp T. 79 Stoikholm T. Sneeck T. "3 Stockport T. ■SncllJi.ini T. -'4 Stockton T. Snetfuni T. ib Stokecomer T. Sni.Tp h'ortl 14 StokeTley T. Snyatin I', 45 Stolberg T. tioair -55 Stolekoring T. Stolhotren T. Sojbrcttil K; ib Sochic/owj T. 4' Stoipe T. ^oioniHtn C. T. 25? (1 Stone T. Socotori M; 236 i Sititchciii^e .Soczowi T. 180 Stonehive T. •Socll T. S" Stony Stratford T. «ofal.i C. lU.' Storcdiemen T. >Soh,ijiiT- 215 Stormar C. hoh.'.r IlLs '75 ' StourbrijgeT. Soiiloni T. "7 Stow T. .SoUii Otfic ^S OH the Would tiOldania lliy 232.1 StKwey T. Jjoleure C;. 1'. I JO Strabine T. Solt'erino T. 16^- Str.i:ts delcribid SolifiRcn 1'. J- Stralen T. Solkot '1'. 56 Stralliinat T. i>olni» T. 92 Stranrawer T. i>oloiiion'. Klinds 259' Strasburg '1'. soior h; 221 .i Stratford P. SolotlinmC.T. I SO Strath Arkep C. Solowit/ SogdA T. M Strath Aven C Solfoiii T. IS? Strathbogy T. holtwcitc C. T. 74 Strathcarron (;. Soma T. 33 Strathcrn C. Soiiierlet C. 190 Strath Nairn (". Soinerton T. 191 Strath Navern C Sondrio T. '5> Strathlpev C. .SOIIROC. 232" Str,ithyl.i C. .Sophia T. ifo StrattonT. Soprou KdcnburgT. 177 ; Stravan T. Sori T. "'T Straubing T. ■•orsw T. Streamline yifl) Sorel C 24«.^ Stregiics i'. Soria r. 154 Strido T. {jorreniu V, 172 Striga 1'. {>oi/.ol.i II. •7J Strigoniuni T. Soiully T. 191 a Stromberg '1'. iov.ui.i T. 1 67 Stroma III tiouliiker If. 259 Stromo If. itouiia If. 260 Stromlhd T. Soutchou T. 2l6'r Strongoll '1'. tioutham T. 220 Stronia 1. Southampton T. 196 Stroud T. Kouthhaven 13 Stubkoping T. Southnioulfiii T. 187 Stubna T. Southvift It. 256. Stul Weifttmbure' Jiouthwark '1'. 210 Sturminfter 1. Southwell T. 218 Stutgard T. Southwell T. 213. Suagtieni T'. Sp.i T. 60 Sucnina R. iiP'>ii> C I 52, 251 -^ Suchuen C. Spalato 1'. =1^ Suchutepeijues T. Spalding T. Suda T. Spandaw T. 75 Sudbury T. Sparta T. 182 Sudernunia C. ifl Specia'I', 161 Sue/ r. Spey R. i36i Suftblk C. ajiider oj the Sea H Stilfatara N'allcy SpiUby '1'. 217 Sulrnona T. tipina Long* T. 184 88 Sultania T. lipiit T. Sultz C. Spirebach T. £8 Sult/.bachT. Jipirito Santto T. 2^2 a Sumar or Holy R. CT. ::6i .> Sumatra If. fipoletto C. T. i«8 SunderhourgT. Spynie '1'. 251 Sunderhaulen T, SqiiilLice T. J7^ Sunderland T. HtJble Abbey 60 Sunncberg T. Ntade T. "4 Suntgaw C 73 225 '' 18 113 124 130 114 28 141 74 41 207 75 7^ 206 151 IC7 IW 108 242 182 196 27 2;o 191 229 8 2 97 7? 195 249 2C4 19 61 220 213 20; ICO 271 10 131 7- 240 46,-J. *^9 220 251 2J0 2J2 247.^5' ~y^ 250 IS; 242 10? 20 I7S 100 177 54 259 'V ^7 '7' 201 203 170 .78 190 w 2}1 (I 34 21J 2J?rt 184 213 27 229 i> 213 ri 17a- 181 rt 100 104 44 219 " 80 230 75 90 191 " Swallow T. Swan ley T. Sw.irlbn ']'. Swartduys T. Sweden (;. Swerin C. T. Swiinfind K. Swindon '1'. Sw;nna If. SwilTerland C. SwitzC. !>lVi)rd- l-ijh Swords 'I'. Syracufi T- Syria C S/.creiii C. 198 22? 219 114 I6.-C32 0? 28 102 260 149 149 14 2O7 174 160 rt 178 fAbarca II' 228 <; ■*• Tabarillan C. 184 a Tab.ilco C. 252 .' Tabitoru If. 260 w lable Biy 232 .1 Tabor T. 105 ii .M. 167 a Tacrania I'ort 231 <) ladcillcr '1'. 22S Iddnor T. 1O4 a Tablet C 229 j Idgmoii T. 269 i'aUnione T. 167 TamaracaC. if. 2O0.1 Tamerlane iwipf^-or 146" l.iiiipice'1'. 251 «' Ta.iiworth T. 221 I anda T. 201 >' land.iya If , 222 d langeor'r. 197.1 Tangermund T, 74 Tangier r. 227 a lanor T. 19J " liormina T. 174 Taranuy If. 2J9 Tarantaiitf C. 159 laranto 173 laraicon T, 147 larbe r. 144 lairaconaT. IJ3 Tarrajiona 1', ijj lartary (jrcat C. 146 i Kud/.iat and Little 18c, 181 I'recopand Ciim ib. lafTo, or 1 .iilu» ll. aaii'l'. 184 fatt.. C.T. latterlhall T. lavaltlmckT. Teviotflile C. I'entonic Doniil I ewkibury 'I'. I'cxel Lh.ime T. Ihuiet If. I'iiata T. I'hixtedT. ihebss'r. llii'niikyra 'I". 1 heimii If. Iheir.ilonica T. Thedlilv C. I'hetford T. I'hiers 'I', rhionville T. Thirsk r. ThilHeworth T. I'houloufe 1'. Thomas '1'. St 1 homas If. Thomond C. Tiionon T. Tiiorda C. T. Thorn T. Thornbnrv T. Thornhill'T. Thorny If. Thors- Haven Thraplton '1'. Thrafifiiene Lake Three-Churches ^1%'h lavay V. iavwira T, Liviltock T. launtoii r. lauris M. lay R. I ayne T. lea lecklenburg C '1', Iccoaiilcpeque 1. 'ieHi> I. I cgap.itan T. I i-geinlce '1', li,gii..pataii T. ltgor.uin I,'. 'I'cnania (.. Tcighen T. lelenlin C. T. rtlgliiouran 1', I'clitliery T. lelimba '1. 'I elipore T. 'I'emelwaer C. T. I'cmplin T. Tenaccrim T. 'i'enbey T. Tenbury T. •1 ende C. T. I'enedos If. Tencrirtlf. M. Tene/C. T. Tenos ll! cntcrden T. eramo T. erceras If er (Joes'l'. ergou T. ergovisk T. ermaii ('. ermine 'I'. ernate II! 188.3 217 29 203 158 18S 191 180 r» 55. -4O 252 2oS.' 54 252 (J 1-9'' 195.1 102 197.; 229 J 173 J 223 2:7 a 108 a 194 ■» I4J J I<;0 it 180 75 204 3 150 .-» 141 lib ", l"i$ 00 270 <;!> 4S 25- . y7 2' i> IC7 2:j 143 ,i 202 214. J 24 144 .( 2^5' 2:8 ,» '45 •» 75 vo 147 a 147./ 151 100 1481;, ibD 1-0 150./ 250 1 "3 16S 1O6 221 19O.1 21S 1^2 25S 2 6 2C0 24"! 2;o 162 .> IC7 271 Prullia OiiiAl Uovil,orrolilli Ptolem.ii* '• I'lukcriJp.eT. rii.l;..di;lo8 AngclosT. N'iievoT. Vuevto ri.; Vrincipeir. Se=,uio C. 1 . I'lidia C. Puicerda T. I'li'.lidy T. puUovia T. rultoiu'l Pmbeck T. Parmerend T- Le Puv T. PuvlAUvens T • Pozz.oli T. PyrmirsesT. Pyrmont T. Q, Ql'aVerihrnr, T. , Q^nnfi C. (^uaiuuii I'. (Ti:.ir.uitAnii M. tKicbcc r. Qjicda T. Oiud.uii If. (Uiedlinbiir,: T. ( Uieen Ann^'-^ 1 oft (T;itenboi-iHig,!i'l'- Q^icens Count" Cv.esns Ferry T. Q^.ietn'sTo\su <^i:echei. C. <7ii;fiiov T. (Yiicrs C. V- fTiiUat.i C 'I'. Of',iiU).i C. t ,i-,ilon T. . iKiiiv.p.'r Corcntiiii; T. tin (^linti!! '!'• (Tjiico C. T. Q;aixos C. R. RAibT. Riadfhcer/„iri llKkcUbur;- T. Hardvi.i 'I', R.tdkoping T. RadiorC;.T. : Kadiifcowlcz T. KaguliT. C. Rajapoiir '1'. RaiiiT. Ralcii;!! T. Rama T. Ramanancd'il If. Raijirkeas T. Kai\Kliie>. '1'. Ramiiiclsbi-Hi '''incs Rimf^y T. ir. T. Ranalfa South If. Nortii Ranchcria T. Rancon Caves Randcr^ '!'. Raokondi T. Rao'fa If. l^ipallo 1'. Rapilftein '!'• Raplu) ']'. Rafi If. Ratebor T. Rat'icomuck 'I . Ratiibor. '1'. RatoathT. )<.atfmondort 1. Rdttenby '1'. Ratzeburs r. RatzemnK H- Raver.f,lafs T. Raveniu T. R,",'.xn»beru:, <-. I- R(v:nfruit'- ■_!'• Ua";i-lu'"i C ■4 45.47 200 : lb. 177 '4 42 41,2:3 J 2 n8 4' 176 102 lo- a Uimini T. Kineof Galloway C. Riiipkopin;; '1'. Kinjiwood 1. Riritele T- Rio Gra:ide C. dela Hacha C. Janeiro de la riata C. Riora T. Rioxa T. Ripi Tronzone T. Ripley T 11 i^ 85 94 8- C6 '5' 229 144(1 1 40 198,2 2Ct 14b jOy J45 29 lOS 240 >S/7 55 ;f o i 256 .1 :oi J 25'J •' 14^ Rugby T. Rugelly T. Rugen If. Rugenwold T. Ruglen T. Rulle Momfltry •\nm If. Rumford T. Rumney T. Rumfey T. Runckel T. Ruppin T. Ruremond T. Rulliin T. Rufs C. Rullii Great C. Red Little White Rutlier^len T. Ruthreii Cadle Ruthyn T. Rutlandlhire Rye i'. Rytgate T. Rypen (;. T. Rzcezyca T. Rippon T. 227 Hishorough T- 205 Riiberg T- 55 Rivcll .'-.(/;-» >it; 239 Ho.icis Oic.it 257 a Roan T. I57 ,„-d.! 161 9C 270 2l5 100 26s jo; 267 iA> 23 (>i 17^ 231 u8 55 'M 57 i'. Kochcbiit Koche! T. Rochtlltr T .vochford T. Roiki.ngham r, 'I T '.< Orenburg Uodez T. Rodlchowa Ro'lua '1'. Roelield Ro.i.iczow Rohan T. Rolde Monafiery Rolduc '1 . lioMiagni C. Komandiola C- Konunia (.1. i'.oinans 'I'. Rome T. Romldal T. Ron.ilf. Ronciglione T. Rondi 'I'. i;os T. ■■;oi_>.;uU T. Kuftoinmon (^ T Ron/nheim T. Rol.s T. Roljtia r. 140 140 201 213 216 94 145 4' J 79 I' 4b 159 55 J25 lOK 168 I 147 169 lb 2-5,256, 25S 109 236 210 238 20 J 47 42 48 7i 183 1O9 2^2 220 221 7? 73 242 255 213 202 196 94 75 JU 2U 15' 42,4- 4" 24- 247 225 21- 200 199 23 48 S. C Aaibrnck T. •^ 8ur l.ouis T. Siba 11: Sibali'koi C- S.iMoncti (-.. T. S.blclhn C. Sadrifpatan T. S-el'-urg T. Saeidmi 1', Sartic T. ■(.ic.iM T. C. S.-gcftin C. Sigona T. Siintes T. vili T. SdjdicnC.T. laminc.i T. SiUnches T. Salankernen T. Salawar C. T. S-ilberg Atiiics Sakes'T. .Salerno T. Salins T. Salisbury T. Salni 'r. S.Umonfwtiler T. S.ilon T. Salona T. Salonichi T. Salop C. T. SaUetteir. Saltafh T. viltHeetT. Saltzberg T. Saltzbiirg T. Saltziitfeii '!'. St. Salvador'!'. 254 Saluces C. T. Saniaracand T. Samaria T. Saniogitil C. SAMOIKDS Samoroskoijar.j Samos If I'. Sam foe If. 156 SancerreT. 224 Sanfta Croix T. 22 Cruz T. 269 Fe T. 27c Fe de Bogota 90 Sanda W. 153 Sandage T. i:g>i SandbachT. 84 141 250 .1 MS" 184 . 19- •' u- *— / 106 184,1 16; 143 7, 227 •• I-S >5- '5v lb. 26 146 I- '42 19! 91 99 '1^^ 181 221 194,1 180 21; l! 104, 179 55 a, 260 J 161 1471) I OS .J 34 14? " 156 23 139 234 ib. 260.) . 25J 'I 261 2C0 a Hi Sarew.Tdta T Sarlat r. Sarno T. Saros C Sarlled T. Sarwar T. SalTiri 'r. S.1S van Ghent T. Satalii T. SatzT. Savigliano T. Savillan C. Saumur 'V. SuoIjx C. Sivona T, Savoy C, SaufenbergT. Sawbridgeworth T. S.irrfih Saxenlugen T, Sixmuudham T. Saxony Lower C I'jiper 71, Sayn T. C. Scagcn T. Scaia T. Nova T. La Sraletta T. Scallawav T. Scilpa if. 25 ■>candcrbep T. iranderic T. Scanderooii T. icandianoT. Mara T. Cuba If. v.irboroiifh T. -Cirdone T. ScUp.lMtO If. Si. ibnn V- ■^chilVhaufenC. T. lih.ipen T. Sihanvichie 'F. Schanften-IIole T. ■>c ha 11 111 berg C 'F. St' eilfei Iteiii Mineral H helling If. xhemnitz T. Schenlelt 'F. ■^chcnng 'F. -ich-.'nkenfchan5 T. xhet'.and If. 2 ■'cheve T. -iiheveliiip T. Schiedam F. Schinta T. Schir.i., T. Schirvan C. Schlcrtat 'F. Schlenlingcn T. (- Schonen C. -.chonvein T. Schoonhaufen T. Schorndorf 'I'. Schowen If. Schwilbach 'F. -.chwartzenburg T. C, Sch'veidnitz T. Sch'.veiiifiirt T. Schydlowiefcz T. Scilly l/lMidt ■icio II. ■icito If. and T. itlaMViia C. Scodra 'F. ■Scoon 'F. Scoonhoven T Scotia Kuva C. Scotland C Scotiifa T. Scudaret 'F. Scutari F. Scutari 'F. Scydra T. .Scyila Gulph Sea D.ivpt D>Kt H.rje ScafordT. Sea ton n T. St. Sebaflian Seheniro T. iccking'.-n T. T Inlet Semigallia Semlin 'F. Senaa T, Sende C. 'P. SenelTT. Senega C. Scnegaplia T. Senegal K. Senlis T. SensT. Sepphoris T. Seregippe C. delRey-^ Serena C. T. Servia C. Seilia \'alleys Sella T. Sertos T. ISeltri V. ISetiaT. Serines T. Settle T. Setuval F. Sevenhaufen T. Sevennokc T. Severel T. St. Scvetina T, St. Severiuo T. .Severn R. San Severn T. Severus's Wall Seville 'F. Shaftsburv T- Sliann.in R. Shapinflia If. Sh.i< ki Sharpnorer.i///r Shjwfd'F. .Sheffield F. Shefnell F. Shelford T. Sheppcy If. She room T. Sheiboro F. Sherilfiiiuir H.trile Shields T. t.shipfton T. Shipton ■.i.illet 'F. Sliorcham New 1' Shrewsbury T. S.Sropfliire (;. Shugbury T. Siain C. T. Slara C. T- Siba C. .sibbald de Wecrts Siberia C, sic bar T. Siiheni 'F. Sicily If SitklosT. Sidero Cipfa T. Sidniouth F. Sidon 'F. Sienna C. T. Siir.'a Leana M. sigan T. Sigen 'F. C. ".igeihn L. ■>igcth Farllj -ligmaringen T. ivnencaT. liltlix C. Mlillria v. Siiiiigien T. Sinuneren T. Sinai M. li.icapour T. iri|ijn C. 1. • i,.(ipe 1. ioi < . F. // .A- iint/llieim T. siphanio If 20|Siradi,iC. T. 14 Si.iiiia ('. T. 205 SirmiUh C. T. .''45 Sil'kea i'. S2, 2to,i, M.egT. 20 1 .) '■ilteron T. 25'j .1 -iuen C. 175 ittiitgburn 'F. ^8 sivas F. 254 229 ■75 MS.! iSOrf 150 ibo J 114 80 1 116 176 96 28 "5 37, 201 23 120 121 176 184 ii 180 .1 90 96 28 95 75 99 123 94 , 80, 9< lOt 97 24 18^ 155.. 184 1-8 181 247 12: 238.1 2-3 ibl 1S5 ib. 148,181 i8i 1-; 4^ i77i ^7^ 129 229 <> 108 2 JO ./ I. '7 141 167 a 260 \ :6o 202 17a M3 »J$ 190 asj 201 14 "97 >IS 221 30$ 20 1 190,2:8 231 247 230, 2?a 2:0 190 19 > 2;i lb. 2:0 20; d 3040 260 4 188,. 259 i 37, 142 '» 108. 1 lb. 1-4 178 l8t 161 a 107 2:0 J 215.1 92 184 « •77. 178 99 5 '54 105 180 \r)i ^7 171 • Sn(,w l-'onl '4 Snyatin T. 43 Soa If. 25 S Soabrcttil If. >''• Sochac/nwa T. 4' fiocomilco C. T. 25? " Socoton U: 236' }ioc7.owaT. ^^° Kcell T. S" Sofil.lC. 152.; .Soh.imT- 215 hohir llU's '75 ■' SoillbnsT. 'v 8oljn (/ff/f 245 vSoldania /)!)■ 232'' ijolcurc C. '1'. IV Solferino T. '^i Solinficn 1'. S" Solkoi I', 56 Solni> T. 92 Solomnir-Ulands 259'' Sol or IC 221 'i SolotiuunC.T. '5° Solowil/ SigdaT. 34 SoU'oiii T. '55 holtwedc C. T. 74 Soma T. 3 3 Soiiierlet C. 190 Sonicrtoii T. '9' Sondtio T. '5' .SonsoC. 2'2 < Sophia T. Soproii Kdcnburg I' SoraT. {joraw T. Sorel C •Soria I', horrento 1'. Sby r. fcpiiia l.ori£a T. >piic'l'. •xpiicbich I'. ^pirito Sai.tlo T. Hpo'ctto C T. 'J)pynic 1 . Sqiiillacc T. Hiable Abbey Slade T. btadibcrjiT. Stadsliaftfii 1 ■ Stafford C. 1 . StagnoT. Stain 'I'. Stalbridge T. Stalimeiic 11. .nid 1 . Stamford T. Stampalia I'. Standon T. StanesT. Stanhope T. Stanley St. I conJVi Stan moor T. Star to 1 '1 • Stanu T. Steviiini;!. Stirii C. StirlinR C. T. Stive T. Stockbridge '1'. Stoikholin T. IW loBiyAbarcall 1 1 3|, Stockport T. Stockton T. Stoki-'gomer T. Stokelley T. Stolberg T. Stolekoping T. Stolhollen T. Stolpe T. Stone T. Sto>icbe>if:,c Stonehive T. Stony Stratford T. Storedienien T. StormarC. Stourbridge T. Stow T. OH ihc Would Stowcy T. Strabine T. Sn.iiis itcfcnbcd Stralen T. Stralfundt T. Straiir.wver T. Strasbiirg '1'. Stratford T. Strath Arkeg C. Strath Aven C Strathbogy T. Strathcarroii C Strathcrn C. Strath Nairn ('. Strath Navern C- Strathlpev <). Str.ith\l.iC. it'o StrattoiiT. j77JSrrav.in 1'. ^ 22, ir;tStraiibii,R T. Si iSircaniUiig t^Ui 248.jUtrtgncs 1'. "154 StridoT. 242 i8z 196 27 22: 250 191 229 80 2 97 73 T. abarilUn C. Tabalco C. Tabicoru If. I abk Biy Tabor T. M. Tacrania I'ort Tadcaltcr '1'. ladmor T. Tahlet C. _ lagmon 'I'. Talanione T, 22' TamaracaC. if. 7p5 Tamerlane Empa lampice'l'. Ta.iuvorth T. I anda T. \ andaya If. . langeor'l'. Taiigcrniund T, Tangier T. I anor T. I'aormina T. Tarani.iy If. Tarantaiie C. I'aranto laralcon T, 1 atbe 1'. lairaconaT. 'larrajiona '1'. latiary (jreat C. 264 1S'> '79 46, 228 20^, 239 JCiO '9.2C Thraplton T. 216 Thrafimenel.ake 168 Three- Churches Monaftery ■ 179 ': Timor " TTB T Striga Stri&onium T. Stroiiiberg T. Stionii II. Stromo If. Stromtlad 'I'. Strongoli 'r, Stronla I. Stroud T. Stubkoping T. Stubna T. StulWeillemburgT. Sturminller 1. 2,8 Stutg.ird T. 21V puaijucni I. Co' Suchina R. Suchuen C. Suchutepeciues T. Suda T. SiiJbury T. Stidcrnunia C. [)ilSiK/ r. 256 SnttolkC. Sullatara \ alley SnIinonaT. SuIt.iniaT. Suit/ ('. Suit/bach T. Siimar 01 Holv >< S.imatra If. SiHidcrhou;gT._ Sunderhatilen '1 . Sunderland T. Sunueberg T- Minttt.iw C. Surat r. Sure K. Surgut '1'. Surrey (!. Surfee T. SuruiigaT. i84h'n'--, ^ ;iS|!^ulai .T. 158 ,/ SuldaleC. T. 206 SulVcxC. ;c6'SuH«;r T. 2;olSuthetland C ;o; Sutton Coldficld T. 2:9 Swabia C. ^ z\y Swaffham T. i"jO Swaledale l'- 172 '75 191 J 16 259 260 2l6.i 220 196 "3 187 256 210 '75 218 7i 182 lb 14 21- 184 8S 8U 2S2<» 2CI .< JO8 251 K"- 60 f'4 SO 55 220, 221 1-0 IC7 11/3 ....- ^. , , f hudz-iac and Little |Tine If. 180, 181 ^ipoura r. I'recop and Ciim ib, ' 'Tippcravy C. T TalTo, or 1 alius ll. indT. 184 Tipra C. ratta C.T. ■ "■" ■ ■ " '7« 106 177 54 259 '9 27 '73 20 1 203 170 '7B lyo 99 231 34 215" 25 ? " 184 latleilhallT. javdltimck r. lavay T. 1 avwira T, laviltock T. 1 aunton T. I amis M. layR. layne T. lecklenburg C.'\. lecoautepcque 1 . lerii!. 1. Icgapat.i '•'. 'Ug.iUlcc .. Icgn-patan '1'. 'Itgoraiin C. Iciianu C. Tcigheu T. Iclenlni C.T. 'Itlguiouran '1'. lelicliery T'. leliniba T. lelipore T. Tciiielwaer C. T. rcniplin T. Tenacerim T. 18S.'' Tireiy If. 217 TirepMier T. 29 TirlcniontT. 203 Tirnaw T. 158 'lirolC. i8S,TitulT. 191 Tiverton T. 180 a Tivoli T. 255,246 llafcalaT. 252; Tobago II. 2o8.V,i;(".«'' '1^4 59 234* 226 •< 227 f» 176 201 I7i 234 '» '23 120 180 230 a 172 221 a 169 259 .' 2^8 .J 255 ■' 17' 269 Trcgouy jortl'lres"!'-:''!'- ['renielen C. T Trent C, T. I'refoli 'I'. Treves C. T. I'revicoT. Trevigio T. I'revil'a T. Frevifana C. Trevoux T. Tricala T. Il'ricaricco T. Tricartin T. Trielle T. Trieves Valley 265 2'3 253 177 184 « 150(1 '7 l-,9 227.1 no S3, 8+ 172 103 16? lb. 142 j8i '73 147 IC9 147 207 I Co 2C0 .j,2s6.» 250 72 I49( 144 M.igellanua ij. d'Otr.intoT. I99n'erratiiva 1. iS4'M levring^l]- 2S2I lervereT. 2201 lervis T. _ 97lrclchen'r. ;i4 I'etbury T. 229 Tetuiii T. i73,>JTulna C. T._ 22J Tolonietta'l". 227a;Tolora T. lOS-j'ToluT. i949|Toul*^u 1". i2-,|Tournay T. I So Tours 1'. icblTiiwceller T. 203I Ti .lerbach 1'. :.27 ,ilTa-a)-^"pp''^ ^' I'rim 'I THn T. Tring T. Trinidad T.253'J,255 Trintray T. Triplow T. Tripoly'l'. I53.J, i6i.(,228,j 16-;, i Ttitow T. 61 Trivento 'I'. roda If. St. Troen T. Troia T, Trois Rivieres T. TvokiT. C._ Tropliania T'. Ircpiih I'roppaw T. Trowbridge T. Troy T. I'royes 1". Truro T. I'ruxillo T. St. Truyden T. luani T. 1 ubingen T. lyy I uckum C, T. i8-|Tucuman C ,7c Tulle T. 2S2..lTnllibardi:i CMi lulloih T. luln T. TuKk T. rumeeii T.__ Tunbiidge T. Tuncham T. I'uuder C. 1'. ]Tunguska R. Tunia T. Tunis C. T. Tunkienskoi Caftle TuiilleUvaltT. Turchaim '1". I'urdieftan C. TURCl MANS Turgow C. 1 urin C. T, Turky C. I'urocz C, Turpentine Trees TurieffT. I'urlis T. Tufcanelta T. Tufcany C Tutbury T. ^ Tutucurin T. Tuxford T. luy T. Tweddale C. Tweed R. Twer C.T. Twickenham T. rynnin^ham '1". Ivrconiiel (.". T>'«;T. lyrnttein 1 . i'vrone C. TUledT- , TiaritiA T. 247 ■ 143 •' '55 '• 147 •' '77 1O9 144" 155I 123 178 228 d '52 255' 44 158 230 230 a 144 fl 214 '' 24 ^l 145 " 79 206 '1 2;o.' 188 143, 189 165 28, 176 35 157 101 18- iS 16 15?, 161 249 34 172 2 so 6d 24'; .X 47 183 3,4 ic6 iy5 150 rf '4' 25;", 15s 60 270 99 4« 257 ■« 143 2.7 'Mi IC7 270 143,1 202 214^.! "4 144 .( 2S5' 2;8,i 145 ■» 75 90 147,1 147 .: 151 lOO 1-6 1 50 .1 250 1-3 16S 166 221 196 .1 218 I^2 25S 2-5 ?6 2r6 24 S 2-0 162 \'. '73 ITOl VAbresT. Vackfay If. 188 141 Vaga T. ^ 148 \alan;in T.(.. 127 V ikon C.'l'. 139 V,\lencade Minho 1. 2i6|Valence T- 87 Valencia C. T. 84 Valenciennes T. 156 IC7 271 23 37 143 2S6 178 157 147 lOi 1 iO \i- mmm The INDEX. '^t- VMentUir. ;6s \ jlcl.Z,\ 1. 162 \ alkciibun';'. 59.J24 ValUdolid'T. ly. ". '54 V.ilUis C. 350 \ allcr SciM"> T. 1/4 St. ^'aI!Jl■^ "i. 1-7 T.i!lttii T. 17c \',iloi, c. 'v Li\..Un.iT. 181 \aIpauiloT. :5s <; A"aktliiu-C. ■»,. 151 \ an T. 16S .. ^'anntj T. 1-9 VaranyenC.T. I7S A JixMibcrgT. S4 \aicnes'l'. 91 ^ a Ion T. 147 ^•aflV T . 141 Vati T. 157'' "V auJv'iiiont T. 9' Vaudoii c;. lb: A .ludrcvaiige C. T. 9" ^ augtt C. ib. UVaurT. 14s ^ .uix c. 149 Vccht T. 54 Vcplialf. 175 St. \\\: ■!'. lOy Aelali; 2^6 Veldent/. T. s- A elcz MaUca T. 156 AelnhndC 1-9 Vilummtest or Batflones 235 Veluwc C. IIS Venafro T. 17; Vence T. KtS Venchea T. 21 6 (I St. Vendel T. 84 A'enezu.-li C. T. 256. Venice C T. 16; \'en!o '1'. 13' Aennes T. 139 \ enoCi T. - 1-5 Vera Crii7. T. 2j2.» l^iz T. C. 25; ■> Vera^iia C. 254 •■ \ erceil C. T. 16: \erdcs T. C. 6) Acrdun '!'. HI Vergagiie T. 161 Vcringen T 99 A'erna 'I'. i«o \'er(>ii T. 170 A eron.i T. 10! X'erovitzia T. 17^ \'errtiv" T, 160 VerCiilles T. i;6 Verviers T. Co A crviis T. 1 35 VefpriiiC. T. 17S \'e(uviii^ M. 172 Vcter L.ke 27 Ma Rep.',io T. 167 A idlka C. 35 \iana de Foz de Liau '1 '• 157 \';anen T. 122 Vi^fdai ■]'. 42 Viccn/i '1'. 103 N'ichT. 15? Vico T. '7- Viftoria T. 221 a vidiii r. 179 Vienna 'J". 107 Vienne T, J 47 \ ig'.Tano T. 162 Vigeva.'iO T. 162 ^'illa de (onde T. 157 Franca IS -, 161 ci'Iglefu 173 >ovad'.'\fleT. 160 "sovide Mondovi 161 Real •57 A'itii.ii 158 \'i'.lach T. IC9 Nillalpandi) T, 153 a Ville tranche 'I'. 146 Villi.iphen T. ICO ■\ilna C.T. 47 \ilvorden 'i'. 129 A incenncs I orcft 130 St. \ incentir. 255.1, 250./ T. 15S 258.1 C.T. 2O1 .) VifiiilaR. \ iterl'o '.'. \itorii '1". Vitrv 1'. Li \ ittoria T. Vivrefe (', \ ivi.rs '1'. \ luTdini; T. Milii.i",.'!! T.'" Voiitl.'.nd C. \'(i!.iinii C. \ olhoria T. \ olillo T. X'olL'iiliove 'I'. \ olo T. V.olf.-rra T. \ CltiiiMr.i T, Voorii tort If. ^'oro^;eez T. I^uli.inos Vull If. r. TTRerli.')ue:i C. T. ^ St. IbesT. IdaR. I'dina T. I din^kov T. I ffljn T. I'tini/i Tartars L'gli:/ I'. L'goshc. T. L'gogna T. I'kcr Mar'ckC. I'kr.iiiC I li T. I'ladinaw 'I', L'liv. I'. Llnien T. riolowe T. rillerC. I ItzenT. I Iva v. lIvcrltonT. rmiT. I p.ibria C. I iiibiiatico T. Under'.v.ild C. I'ng'.var C. T. IJiitcsrn I nited I'rovinci* I'BnaT.R. Ln(t If. I'pl.ind C. \ ppingli'in V. Ipton T. I r R. I'r.iiuiy C. R. IrbT. Irban Ert I'rbanc.i 1'. i rbino C. T. IrgclT. I ri ('. Crvaii; C. R. ( rzeiidow T. ^M\Va!pon C. T. ,6,. \V.V.r.i! T. 1^; VValhaiu T. K;.i |\Vallliat T. dv- loi RemedioM'A.tllinLh.i:n T. I 'ibeck Tartars fcdom If. ffcrclie 1'. rOiantli: ( sk T. ISkerT. I .'(Tor. T. Ufa T. I'tka Cifile I'tri-cfit C. T. rttoxctvr T- rtv.irthelCT. l.xbriitjT. i;zesT. \V, WAchtendonck T. Wadftcna T. Waeslf. W'ageningen T, \\'agerland C. WakcHeld T. Walcheren If. WalcourtT- W 2S5' 1|6 lb. 121 123 79 4' 41 156. 1 "4 iSi 167 172 116 122 3'J I- 262 99 i^S •45 ' 10? 145' •45 ■' 35 • 7" 162 75 30 213. i 41 101 84 55 2-0 CS 255 226 2S 168 •73 149 '76 '4 111 5-. '7 26 21 2:c 259 260 r( I6S lb. ib. 15- 14V 260 110 221 '7'; 206 146 131 28 260 "5 61 228 12? 5'; W alltroje T. Walt'iani Abbey (>! the Won W anpen T. w iiiuui r. \\anta;;eT. WarafJen ('. T. VVarbiiri;']', Waidc t. WardhuysC. T. Ware T. Warchanl T. Warenberp I'. WarnitlandC. \V.\rnii.\ C W.irniinllec T. Warrington T. W .n fi'.v C. T. W .iraitk i'. C. WafrcibillidiT. WafT.rburs T. Watchet T. Waterford C. T. Waterfa Hi Watford T. Watliiii;toi T. Watton r . Watzen T. VV.ivnrieet T. Week V. Weeins Cafile and T Weil T. Weil burg T. Wcimer T. W einaartcn T. Wein'eniberp T. WeifTenburg T. Wclrhpool T. W eldent/. T. \\ ellingborough Y. Welbneton 'I'. W ells t. WeraT. W enden T. W endover T. Wener like Wm'ockl'. Weobly T. W erben T. W erda T. Werden I'. Wevghataura T. W eringenroJe T. C. Werings If. W'erL- T. Weraiiland C. Wernigenrod (;. Wero\vi!/ T, W ertbciiii T. C. W efa f. WcUnhLiic, T. Wel.Hi r. Wcltbury T. WellC.ipe.inrfT. W elterburg 1', Weil ergo C, Weiterloch W elterwald C. W eftfriclland C. Welilow v. Well mania C. Weltminlter \. W eltmorelnid C. W eftph.Ui C W eltra If. Wei\ram T. Wetherby T. Wetteravia C. Wetzlar T. Wexford (J. T. W axis T. Weygats Straits Weyl T. Weymouth '!'. Wevre If. Wcylfel R. ^Vey(^eln1und Fort Weyfenburg T. I7S 221 11,0, 214 bing VVilli.,mllad t. T. ib.lWill ngen T. i9^Wilna (_:, T. 22:'! Winter '• 4i|Wilton'r, 219 Wililbire 84|Wiiiander Meer 'C2j\\„iburiimii!lter T. '90 Wincaunton T. :66 256 206 204 214 •77 2'7 25; 248 :3,'5 WifRlicoiubel , W inchcllea T. \\ inchcndon I . Winchelter T. W indaw (... I. W indham T. Windiihurck C, W indlbr I'. W ingiiria T. . Winuit/a '1'. 191 221 '9 205 ■-7 221 222 74 79 57 34 60, -70' 5- V\ inuii/a 1 . 92'Winli,heimT. 79 Winfchotteii T, 99 Window ■!'. 97 Winder T. 78.9o!w;pack T. "HI ^^ 'Pper'ord T. *'7|\\irklw(.rth T. -it>|\\jrtciiihurgC. 1. '9>. --'.Wisbaden I . Wi>biih 1. W i>bv r. W ibiiaufen T. W illuz T . W ill!, a- V. Will'egrod T. Wiftoii r. W iiepsk C. T. W ithani 'I'. Withern I', _Wiil;i.:ir. ! Wilniund 'T. "7 Witney T, 5° \>. iueiiberg T. ;° W itter.biirg T. ,'n Wittlcfev.MeerT. '°'Wiv.!itoii,b r. 'il WoburnT. Wocrden f. W„!.wC. r. WoUtnibuttle T. W olf^ridykc Wolga K. W olgall T. WolkachT. W olkowiska T. W ollin If. Wolodimer C. T. Wologda C. T. W ollii gham T. WolveihamptonT. Women If WoodbridgeT. 187,21 W oodftock T. W oollei T. Woolwich T, Wooton HafTet T. W orcefter <:. T. Worcum T. W oringen 'I'. Workington T. 57 ^9 '19 '9)23 192 216 '80 27 21 i 23c 33.56 261 202 228 92 94 269 28 34 99 190 i08 116 170 4' 91 42 2.6 '97 229 231 24a it'O 00 93 47 9O 122 100 4- 00 '93 192 226 J90 191 2C0 2C5 1<,6 4^' 214 lOy •95 • 93' 45 9" •"3 204 2.9; W'rottcflv T. _ W'uitenU'r!; T. W mt/biirg 'i'. C. W vboiir.' ('.. J. Wybiirg i'. W yconib Chippini', T. \\)C'V. W yelikeyelnki T. W yiiburg C. T. Wyncndale T. X. V.Mappa de \'cra Xaliilo C. 'I'. \mUC. Xantui'.g r. Xenli (.. Xeres de li I rontcra C)Ujdi ma T. Xim Kim r. »l XI ::» i9 9S 23 25 :c5 2Ci 35 •-'-> 120 Y R. ^alefliil T. '1 angehea J. Yarani T. Wrmou:h T. Circa t ^ .ixley r. "itll II. \ em en C, U-oviir. lelde '1. Hen Oonncn Call! ^orkC. r. New R. ^,j \prc, ■' -'9 9y| 92' i lelliein T. Hendvck r. 1 ^ (I'elnuind I ;,r Wicatm C. " Wica If ^ unnan C. i upi C. 50 1 54 4-'- 63 ,1' ■4S|7AaraC njJ/^ /.abern 240 84 53 204 6? 77 210 191 20s 120 1C6 T /•icatecas (;. '!'. ''-aclidn T. Z.agrab(;. T. /-aiiiora T. •'''Cmofe (,'. X, '^anguebar C. T- /■anhaga C. /-ante If. /.ara T. /..dluv T. /.ater l. 67 1 /'athmar T. C. 123! /-atinar C. 33 /.avolhahordi C. 7^ j/.awichoft T. QC|/.aziiarosT. 47 /.eel T. 73[Z,eeIandC. 35 Zegna'r /-ele r. Zell C. T. Hatulf T. /'Cllerfield Alines Zieny T. Zerbft T. Z,iateck T. /.ibit r. ify Workfop r. 261 52 46 179 14 Worlitz T. WormleightonT. Worms T. Worotin C. T. W orlUfI T- 34 2^0 221 -55 3,240 d 204 232 201, 192 Zimbao T. 220'/immeren T. 13, i22iZiranni,i C. 82 1 /iirickzie T. 23i!''''i«ntftieim T. 2i8j/.naim T. 81 [Zoiliac 220J /iOlkiew T, 87|ZolleriiCaftle 36 Zones 214 ZonsT. Criiz T. 25 2. i 251 a 214 75 4S 4» 177 '79 37 ^ 100 2! 6S % 60 80 lOf 173 a 233 a J4 86 106 3 41 09 A , '* i^ 54 9' 147 141 157' 9' lOr 91 ib. J4! 149 S4 1^6 1-9 ^3^ lis 84 156 ; 16; J3' 159 1-3 :52.i 5' ' 54 •■ J 6: >4l 161 V.ii'.iiiyeii ('., T, ^ Jreubcip, T. ^ arcnes 1'. ^ .Hon T. Vafly 1 . Vjti T. A luitlv'iiiont T, Viudoii C. A audrcvinge C. T. ^ Jiige ( '.. I .a \.\\.\r T. \.:u\ (",. \ec\n v. Vcpli.Uf. .sr, \\'\z v. >d.ili: Veldent/. 'I'. y eUz MjLic.i r. A'elnlind C. Velumintcs, or Eatjiints \'elu\vc(:. ^'tnafro T. \ eiictf '1'. Venclie.i T. St. Veiidd T, A'cneziuli C. T. A en ice C. T. \'cii!o 1 . A ennes T. Xoiiofi '1'. ■ A era Cruz '1'. \\a T. C. ; Acr.i,'.ii.i C. ■ \cua\ C. T. Vcidis T. C. A'crduii 'I'. Vcrini!!;!! T \;cr.".,i T. \"crrii T. A iron.; T. \"crovi[Z!a T. \\':rv.: T. Vtrhillcs T. \'eri'icrs T. A trvi !s T, "Vclprin C. r. ^'eluviIl■. M. \'cti.-r L.ke A ia Re{;.;io T, \ iilL\ C. \ i.uu de Foz dc Lima T. \'.'ani;n T. \'i-.iacii T. Victnzi T. \ichT. \'ico T. Viaorii T. : VidlnT. 179 \'ien:u '1". 107 N'iennii T. 147 \ig-r.'.noT. 162 \igcv,i.io T- "'- >'illi dc ( onde T. 157 Franca I5"i 161 d'lgklia ir- >ovid'ArteT. j6c Nova dc Moiicovi )6l Kill «57 Vltin.a isS \i;i.'.ch T. 1C9 \'illalpand.) T. 153 ■' Ville tranche T. 146 Villi.-rJien r. ICO A i!na C.'V. 4" \'i!vorden T. ' 2y \ iiiccnnci 1 orcfl i;6 St. \ inccnt ir. :;5i, 2^0; T. 158,258.1 C.T. 2O1.J A incentiii (,. >6? A inporlj T. '93 ' A inliinij,lia T. 'Oi X'iprtn T. 8 J Virgi.niiC. -4' " \ iUpoiit G. 193 ' AllcoT. *>'■ 158 \ ollvMllloVC 'I'. \olo T. \.'i!tv.'rra T. \ oltiir.ira T, V ini Kort ir. Vdfoneez T. full linos Vulllf. ifP m u. J So 170 10; 17S 1(X3 60 i?5 178 '7-1 1 67 35 Il- '7- TTRerlin^cn C. T. *^ St.lbssT. dx R. I'dina T. I din^kov T. I m.'n'r. t'lim/i Tartars I'plit/ r. l-'goph ('. T. I'ROgna T.. Iker MirckC. rkniiiC. I l.i T. riadiiiiw'r, I'hr. i'. I- Inien V. lolowK r. rilierC. L ItzenT. tiva 11; I Ivcrllo.iT. I'm if. I tiilirii C. I iiibi jitico T. t'nderw.iM V. I'-.g'.var C. T. ZJiiicorn Inited IVoviacii I'BMlT. iv. L'nit v. I'pl.-nd C. l.'ppinali.un T. Ip- 'T. Lr. I'raeuay C. R. Irb'T. I rban F >e I'rb.inc.i 1 . IrbinoC. r. , ri-p i8i 167 172 no 122 ■■(' I- ;62 99 isS 145' 10; 145'' 55 143 ■' 35 17- 162 30 21 3. i 41 101 84 55 2-0 05 =55 22(1 2S 168 173 149 l;0 '4 ui I 262 2C6 54 190 :66 256 2C0 204 214 177 217 ^5 217 22c :;9 260 .' >^5 ic8 lb. ib. '5- Z(k, .; 4^ 14- ' 7" 14; 1:9 154 ' 142 21s J 14- ■' 110 221 l-tt 246 lU 28 260 "5 Oi 22S 12; 59 ICO 91 212 104 180 101 19+ WanlbiiysC. Ware T. Warcii.uii T. Warcnbcrg T. VVarinclandC. VV.irnii.i ('. W'arniinlK'r T. Warrington T. W .irlaw C. T. W irvvick T. C. VVafTabillicliT. VV.ilKrbiirs T. Watchet T. W'aterf'ord C. T. Waterfa II. Watford T. Watliiiiito". T. Watton T . Watzen T. Wavntk'ct T. Week T. Weems Caflle and Weil T. WeilbiirgT. Weinier T. \\ eingarten T. Weiflcinberg T. WeifTenburg T. Wclrhpool I'. WeUlentz T. WeMinpboroiigb Y. Welbneton T. 191 Wells t. WeniT. \\ endcn T. \\ endover T. W ener like W m'ock r. W eobly T. Wcrben T. W erda T. Werden l". Werahataura T. W erincenrode T. C. Wcring* li Werlv I . \Vernit.l,ind C Wernigenrod <.'.. \\ erowit/, T, 'A ert!i:i;n T. C. '.\clV! I'. Ac:>nb.iiu,T. Welr.p r. Wclibnrv T. W elt ("ipe I'lit T. Wellciburi; 1. Well ei go C. Wclicilocb 138 W eit!;rw,ilJ C. ly^ WeftlVidla-i.iC. 210 Wclilow i. 180 W fiiniaiiia C. 27 \\ tttminlter Y. 211 W eitniorehnd (.". 23c W eflph.ilii C. 53i5'J Wclhair ;6i Weliram T. 202 '■■■ -Jtherbv T. 228 u etteravia (J. 92 Wei/lar T. 94 VVcxtord ( ;. T. 269 W exis r. 28 \V eygits Sii.iits 34 Wcyl 1. 99 Weymouth T. i8y ■\eyre \i'. 261 Wevlicl R. , , 52 vVeylFclmund Fort 46 W cyfenburg T. 179 H hales 14 Wjiallcy ir 262 ^'hirtwinds violtnt 19 W hitby T. 22y Whitchurch T. 195, 221 H^hite hilh 14 Whiteiaven 231 Wick v. 2J3 m 21! 74 79 57 '4 66, 70 "7 56 :8 70 78 'A 57 ^9 Ily '9' 'P>:3 92 i\.Li>n.i:i h.ina \\ ildniigcn r. \\ ilkoiuil/ r. WilLKikJsbin^ T. ..w Willi.imll.id T. ibJWiilmgeM 'I'. i9^;WilnaC. T. 227 Willlcr r. 41 Wilton T, 2i9;Wiltlbirc 84JWi!iander Meer i02j\\inburnminlter T W incaunton 1'. WiiichconibeT. W incliellea T. W'inchcndon T. Wincheltcr T. Wiiidaw C. 1'. W indb.im T. Windiim.irck C. , W iiidlbr T. -4^4 W ingnrla \. -3,'5-' \Viiniic/a T. 9i'WinlilicimT. 79 W inlchotten '['. 91/ W inllow T. 97 WinllerT. 78,9o;Wip.,tk r. --4{ W ippertord T. f''7.\\irklvv(ir[!i T. -'"IWirtcniiHiig C. 'I'- '-^\\ isbadcri r. '9" \\i,bicli I. --' Wisbvl'. -9 \\„h.(ii|,.nT. -°>:Willlc/T. W ilni ir !'. W iliegroJ r. W.lloa I. U iii-psk C. T. \\ uli.ini T. Witticrn r. Wiiliia I'. Witnioiid r. W itOv-y T. ^^ ittenberg T. W itttr.bnrg T. Wittkfiv .Nicer T. iWiv.licM.b I'. W obnrn T. \\ iv.Tr!t;!l r. W1.I..WC. T. Wollrnibuttle T. W olLrldvkc Wolg.i K. , w„ig,a'i-. i WolkachT. W olkowiski T. Wollin H. W olodimcr C. T. \\ ologda C. I . W ollingham T. Wolverhampton T. ^Vonlen If. Woodbridge T. 1S7 Woodcock T. W oollcr T. Woolwich T. VS'ooton Hafiet T. Worcefter C.T. Worcuni T. W oringen 1. Workington T. Workfop r. Worliu. I. Wormleighton T. W orms T. W orotin C. T. W ordcd T. WortaR. WottonT. nndcr Edge W'ragby T. Wrexhim T. W rinton T. Wrotham T. T Xaliilo C. '1'. Nindf:. Xantung T. Xcnii (,. Xercs de li I'rontcra (jii.uiima T. Xini V.im i'. Ml: XI Y til 9? 47 90 12 100 4 00 '93 '9 220 J 90 191 202 200 205 196 4S 214 IO9 »95 193' 45 9" "3 ^4, 2Ig1 icV ^ ougliil /' 57 ^'P^^ ■• 219 V. R. \aic(liil T. \ angehea 7". Yaram T. ^ armouth T. Crcat Vaxiey 1'. Ull II. Vemenr. W'oviir. WIdcT. ^len DonnenCaltlc Urk C. I . New K. V. \ Klllein T ^lendick r <;9 Q2 ^ (Icbmind II. 21 1 ""ucataii C. xo\ ^vica If 54 4^ 6? 4' --4 -. '\ unnan C. i iipi C. "4si7AaraC. 2i2i ''■■''•-■'■n 240 84 53 204 6? ■7 T /•acatccas ( ''■ailiCin I', ■^■agrab ( , r. /■a mora T. ''■emolc C.T. /■anguebir C. T. 10 K-anhaga C. 191 K'lnte If. 205 '^"a r. ,20:'''>ll>wT. jc6/.-'ter T. 67J'''athmar T. C. I2j j '''■atmar C. 33 /.avolliihordl C. y^l/.awicholl T. jjji /.Jzniros T. 47' 73 35 34 221 /.eel T. /.ecland C. /.cgna r. Z«leT. /.ell C. T. Katolf T. 2J5' /•cllerficld Mmii ,2P,240j|>'-enyT. 204{/.:rbft T. 232iZ'iateck T. 201 |/.ibit T. IQ2 Zimbao T. 22c /inimercn T. 113, 122 /.irannii C. 82 , /.irickzij T. 231 i/i/entfiieim T. 218 /naim T. 81 ' y.<-d,.u- 220 /.olkievv 'I\ 87|Zolleri>Cartlc 36 y.vnrs "•14 Zoni T. J2 I » /ncillle T. I99 Zug C. r. T. 20:; /uickiw T. 21S Zurich C.T. 225 Zurfich T. iQZJZulphen C T. 2oi^Z\voilT. 252.; 251 ./ "lb! ib. • '55 MO 213