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[confidential.] 
 
 MEMORANDA AND STATEMENTS RELATING TO 
 
 BENEFACTORS' EXEMPTIONS AND FREE 
 
 TUITIONS TO THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS 
 
 IN McGILL UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Prepared by the Principal. 
 
 COPY OF MEMO. 
 RESPECTING FREE TUITIONS IN ARTS. 
 
 June, i8gi. 
 
 On consideration of Mr. Brakenridge's report on Free Tuitions, 
 I would remark : — 
 
 1. The free tuitions granted to benefactors were paid for, and 
 cannot be recalled without their consent. Even where there is no 
 deed they can have a deed on application. It is to be observed, 
 however, that of 178 such free tuitioivs, only 33 are actually in use, 
 that the holders of these pay us say $15 per annum each in 
 special fees, and that at least half of the.e students would probably 
 not come at all but for the free tuitions. 
 
 2. As to those given by the Governors, independently of the 
 Theological Colleges, these are on very various grounds: — 
 
 (a). Those to the Normal School are to promote the higher train- 
 ing of teacl.crs, and more than pay their cost by improving the pre- 
 paratory schools. 
 
 (Z"). Those to country Academies and the High Schools are given 
 only on stringent conditions,and are intended to bring paying students 
 to College, which 1 am sure they do. 
 
 (<r). Those to Professors' children constitute a small addition to 
 the salaries of family men, and are a cheap way of giving them help 
 which they much need. 
 
 {({). The Governor-General's have been reduced in number and 
 may be dropped at any time. (They have since been dropped.) 
 
 (<"). Graduates have always been entitled to free attendance at 
 classes, and the.se privileges can scarcely be reckoned as free tuitions. 
 Few graduates have taken advantage of them. 
 
 The total number of the above, including 12 Governor-General's 
 scholarships, is only 33, or, excluding the Governor-General's, 21, 
 and they are all most useful to the University. 
 

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 3. As to the Theological Colleges, we are only giving a privilege 
 which every other University gives, and on terms on which any Univer- 
 sity would be glad to take from us all our students of this class, be- 
 cause it is well known that a connection of this kind is a principal 
 means of bringing students not to Arts only but to all the Faculties, 
 The connection of these Colleges with the University has been 
 effected largely by my own exertions, and I consider it a main stay 
 of the prosperity of the Faculty of Arts. They amount at pre- 
 sent to 104 in all, and of these only about one-half take the full 
 course. They each pay, about $15 * in special fees, and the paying 
 students sent by their means, I have no doubt, much more than 
 repay the sums remitted. ' '.. *' 
 
 On the whole, it does not appear that any of the privileges of 
 this kind can be interferred with without injury to the University, 
 except perhaps those granted to the Governor-General, which I have 
 already advised the Board to reduce in number. 
 
 
 2. BENEFACTORS' SCHOLARSHIPS. •. •■ ' 
 Afiiy, i8g2. 
 
 1. The wise forethought of the Board of Governors, provided in 
 1856, that subscriptions of a certain amount to the endowment fund 
 of the University and the Faculty of Arts should carry with them a 
 right of presentation to free tuitions, and under this arrangement 
 from 30 to 40 students have enjoyed exemption from sessional fees, 
 though they have been required to pay the special fees, amounting 
 at present to $15 per Session, t 
 
 2. This arrangement has been changed by the recent surrender 
 of these rights by the majority of the benefactors, apparently under 
 the impression that they were thereby conferring a pecuniary benefit 
 on the University. 
 
 3. This expectation might be realized to the extent of about 
 $1000 per annum, provided that all the students admitted to free 
 tuitions were able and willing to pay fees, and would prefer to do so' 
 in McGill College rather than to go elsewhere. 
 
 * Now, (1891) under arrangements for increased fees. 
 
 t I have been told that the deeds to benelactors do not authorise such charges, 
 but this was not the view of the eminent lawyers who prepared the deeds, and no 
 objection has ever been made to the imposition of these fees by the Faculty of Arts. 
 
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 4. In view, however, of the free tuitions ofTered to students by 
 other Canadian colleges, and the recent increase of fees in our 
 Faculty of Arts, it is scarcely likely that this will be the case, and it 
 is even possible that the result may be to deprive the faculty 
 of Arts of about 30 students and of such special fees as we have been 
 in the habit of exacting, and our right to exact which has not been 
 questioned. 
 
 5. This is not, however, the greatest danger. It is to the class 
 of students above mentioned that we have chiefly had to trust for the 
 power of placing graduates of the University in educational positions 
 in which they could prepare students for college. It would be easy 
 to show from our lists thac a large proportion of students, not only in 
 Arts but in I-aw, Medicine, and A|)plied Science, are cither graduates 
 of this class or were prepared by such graduates to enter college. In 
 this way such graduates have been those most profitable to the Uni- 
 versity, and many of them have repaid the cost of their instruction- 
 twenty or thirty fold by the students they have prepared and sent to- 
 our different F'aculties. This is one of the incidental benefits con- 
 ferred by the Faculty of Arts on the other Faculties, and dependent 
 to some extent on its free tuitions. In these circumstances the 
 Principal cannot look without some apprehension on the result of 
 this movement. From year to year the benefactors' e.\emptions have 
 enabled us to place graduates of McGill in a great number of Aca- 
 demies in the Province of Quebec and elsewhere who are our most 
 efficient helpers in securing students for all our Faculties. We find 
 on the other hand that graduates of United States and Ontario Uni- 
 versities naturally send their pupils to these. 
 
 6. To avert all danger to our interests, a sum of say $1000 annu- 
 ally, either provided by subscription, or better, represented by an 
 endowment of $20,000 will now be necessary, but this would have 
 the advantage that it might be under the dispo.sal of the Principal 
 and Faculty, and so regulated that the most deserving and promising 
 applicants alone could secure its benefits. 
 
 7. It is, I think, desirable that steps should be taken toward this, 
 before the beginning of next session, as the injury once done could 
 not easily be repaired, from the loss of prestige and confidence 
 which it would cause, and from its influence on the pupils actually 
 preparing in the schools. 
 
 8. This matter should therefore, at once, be brought under the 
 notice of the friends of the University, with the view of securing the 
 
foundation of funds in aid of students, and in the mean time subscrip- 
 tions of individual scholarships should be invited. As this matter is of 
 educational as well as financ ial importance it should be reported to 
 Corporation at the June meeting, and the aid of that body should be 
 invited to secure the necessary funds. 
 
 9. There is, of course, the alternative of making tuitions in Arts 
 altogether free, as was at one time the case in Toronto, but this 
 would involve a very large expenditure. If, while exacting fees, we 
 desire to keep up our n\imber of students, we must provide in some 
 form free tuitions to replace those surrendered. 
 
 10. Though some difficulty may be anticipated next session, yet 
 the full results of the withdrawal of free tuitions will not be reached 
 for a lew years, till it is completely realized in the preparatory schools. 
 If we can hold the vantage already secured in these, we should for 
 the present be sacisfied. 
 
 11. It may be useful to add, that the greatest and best equipped 
 Universities of the Mother Country and the United States, would, 
 without free tuitions and money aids to poor students in their Facul- 
 ties of Arts, become mere places of education for the rich, and would 
 fail to secure public sympathy, or support. Where in England they 
 have failed in their duty in this respect. Royal Commissions have 
 been appointed to restore the rights of poor students, and in this 
 country our chief argument in favour of parliamentary grants to the 
 Universities has been the benefits they extend to poor students from 
 the country. It is customary in most Universities in Canada, and 
 also in the United States to have a number of free tuitions and 
 money aids in the gift of the Principal or President. No such 
 power has been entrusted to the Principal of McGill, but he has 
 hitherto been able to provide exemptions lor promising men by 
 application to benefactors. This resource being now withdrawn, 
 
 . he will have to do what he can for them in some other way, since 
 no head of a college, deserving the name, would consent to reject 
 or expel good men merely for poverty. In some Universities 
 there has been laxity in the collection of fees ; but this has not been 
 the case in the Faculty of Arts of McGill, whose Dean has been very 
 strict in this respect, and it has been left to the Principal to find 
 means to retain really meritorious students when in pecuniary need. 
 
 12. It is sometimes objected tliat free tuitions tend to pauperise 
 students and to bring to College an inferior class. No fallacy could 
 be greater than this. On the contrary, such aids induce many to 
 
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 apply and of these the best can be selected. This has been emin- 
 ently the case in McGill, where a large proportion of our Honour 
 men have been holders of theological or other free tuitions, or exhi- 
 bitions. It is on this account that these aids have been multiplied 
 to such an extent in the larger Colleges of the United States 
 (see No. 4) ; and they are even more necessary in Canada, where, 
 until lately, so little desire has existed for a high literary and scien- 
 tific culture. The improved feeling in this res])ect has indeed arisen 
 largely from the exertions of our own graduates who have entered 
 into educational work. : , . . 
 
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 3. MEMO. ON THEOLOGICAL FREE TUITIONS. 
 Prep.\red for Mu. p. Redpath, May 1892, 
 
 Your reference, when leaving on Thursday, to the subject of 
 Theological exemptions from fees, was a great surprise to me, as I 
 had supposed the matter settled for the present, otherwise I would 
 have mentioned it to you, among other matters giving me anxiety. 
 It gave me great trouble last year, and to re-open it now, would, 
 I think, be unfair both to me and to the Theological Colleges, and 
 might be regarded as a breach of faith, after announcements have 
 been issued, and more especially as the arrangements then made, 
 have only had a short trial. 
 
 .' The matter is one vital to the prosperity of the Faculty of Arts, 
 which now depends on the support of the Theological Colleges and 
 the bodies they represent, more than on any other influence for its 
 success as regards Ontario competition. Last year it was agreed, after 
 much discussion and some complaint on the part of the Theological 
 Colleges, that the exempted theological students shoiiM pay $15 per 
 session instead of $7.50 as heretofore, and that the [ .lege should 
 be restricted to undergraduates and partials, and to a limited number 
 of these. The fact is, that the amount paid by these students last 
 year, say $1500, is at least in some degree an acknowledgement of 
 the benefits they receive, and that we should probably by cancelling 
 the privilege, lose Jiot only this, but a number of our best men, who 
 exercise an excellent influence on the other students, and when they 
 go out as ministers of religion, are the best agents to attract new 
 students, not only in Arts but in the professional faculties. We 
 
should besides by such a change, handicap our Theological Colleges 
 in comparison with their Ontario rivals, and so render less useful or 
 even useless the large sums spent by Montreal people in buildings 
 and endowments ; thus alienating some of our best friends. 
 
 In connection with this subject I may further remark that the 
 theological colleges are to us in the place of a Theological Faculty, 
 which in all the older Universities is regarded as the first in rank and 
 entitled to all the aid that can be bestowed. This principle has been 
 recognized by the University of 'Joronto, which though unsectarain, 
 has received into afhiiation with similar privileges Knox College, 
 WycklifTe College and Victoria College. It should also be observed 
 that our method of granting certain exemptions from studies in .\ris 
 in lieu of theological subjects, and the consecpient closer connection 
 of the Theological Colleges with the Faculty of Arts, as well as our 
 somewhat higher scale of fees, renders such privileges more necessary 
 in our case. 
 
 I have always held that our policy in attracting to us theological 
 colleges by giving them free educational advantages is a means of 
 conciliating the supj)ort of all denominations of I'rotestr.nts, as well 
 as meeting an important educational want in this Province, in which 
 until these colleges were established there was always a great .scarcity 
 of Christian ministers. I feel convinced also that to our thus secur- 
 ing the support of all denominations is due to a large extent the 
 number of students that have resorted to the University in all its 
 Faculties. 
 
 Supposing, however, that the withdrawal of these free tuitions is 
 desirable, I still hold that the present la a most inopportune time, after 
 the settlement so recently made, and in the prospect of the immediate 
 meeting of the Presbyterian Assembly and Congregational Union in 
 this city ; while by delay and giving sufficient notice in advance, 
 some means might be found to meet the difficulty by additional aids, 
 either to the Colleges or to the University. It is however indispens- 
 able that the free tuitions should as lar as possible be the gift of tha 
 University. This secures uniformity in their distribution, and makes 
 the Theological Colleges more interested in retaining their connection 
 with the University, and gives us a stronger claim on the gratitude of 
 their graduates. 
 
 I have placed this matter on what may be regarded as the lowest 
 grounds; but no educational function can be higher or more honor- 
 able than that of providing a highly educated Christian Ministry 
 
 
 
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 for this province, in which the Protestant religion, owing to its being 
 the faith of a scattered minority, is exposed to so many difficulties. 
 Yet McGill has been doing no more in this direction than the 
 Universities of Ontario, and less than many of those in the United 
 States. In all christian countries, Indeed, the education of teachers 
 and ministers of religion is held to be entitled to special and ex- 
 ceptional consideration in regard to exemptions from fees and to 
 money aids;, and this for the most obvious reasons. 
 
 I think it only my duty to submit to you tliese views, the result 
 of long exjjerience and observation, and to ask that they should be 
 considered before taking action in a matter, which, I feel, may affect 
 the relation of the University to the Protestant conmiunity for whose 
 benefit it was founded, and may thus place it in a different position 
 from that intended by the Founder and by the original Poard of 
 Governors. 
 
 Sliould it be decided to abolish the theological free tuitions or 
 materially to change their conditions, the project for this must be 
 submitted to the Corporation and by it sent to the Colleges and sev- 
 eral Faculties for any representations they may have to make in the 
 premises. < • . .; ■■ 
 
 In event of ^i?ch abolition and in view of the withdrawal of the 
 benefactors' scholarships, I would advise that a fund of say at least 
 $40,000 should be created, the income to be devoted solely to free 
 tuitions or aids to students, whether theological or otherwise, and to 
 be administered under such regulations as would ensure that only 
 the deserving and needy should receive aid. This fund would 
 no doubt be supplemented subsequently by benefactions ; provided 
 a guarantee were given that its destination should remain inviolable. 
 
 4. NOTE ON AIDS TO STUDENTS ELSEWHERE. 
 
 In the calendar of Harvard University for 1891-92, I find the 
 exemptions from fees and aids to students to be as follows : — 
 
 In the Faculty of Arts there are money aids arising from various 
 funds to the amount of $50,000 per annum, and of these many are 
 given on the ground merely of poverty. For example, one fund, 
 " the Price-Greenleaf aid," produces $15,000 annually, which is given 
 in sums of $100 to $250 to students " not having sufficient pecuniary 
 ability" to pay their college expenses. 
 
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 In the Divinity School there is a large fund for aid, and it is stated 
 in the calendar that "any student who needs or merits help" can 
 have from $200 to $300 annually on application. The nominal fee 
 is $50 per session. There are similar aids in Yale and Princeton and 
 all the large colleges and divinity schools in the United States, and 
 they are regarded as essential to obtaining a choice of the best men 
 for the Christian ministry, as well as important stimuli to the academical 
 or Arts courses of the Universities. 
 
 In the University of Toronto the sessional fee is only $25, but as 
 with us, Library, Laboratory and other special fees are being added. 
 A committee of the Senate is now charged with the duty of inquiring 
 as to the question of fees, &c., and is expected soon to report. The 
 President, Sir Daniel Wilson, has the privilege of remitting the fees 
 of undergraduates in Arts v. ho may show good cause ; but this 
 is done merely by private I'itters to the Bursar and not reported. 
 Under the law for University federation the Wesleyan College, 
 (Victoria) obtains free access for its students to the University 
 lectures, and other colleges can have the same privileges on entering 
 into the federation. 
 
 In Queen's College, Kingston, the principle of free tuitions or 
 scholarships in the gift of benefactors, has been carried much farther 
 than in McGill, and it is to this that the recent growth of Queen's 
 in number of students and in endowments is largely attributable. 
 Any donor of $500 can nominate to a free tuition annually, and the 
 privilege descends to his heirs. Donors of $100 to $400 have a 
 similar right limited to their own lives. In the calendar of 1890-91 
 under the head of " Unused Nominations," 360 free tuitions are 
 mentioned, with the names and addresses of the holders, who are 
 scattered throughout the Dominion. Besides these there appears to 
 be a large additional number under the head of "Jubilee fund nom- 
 inations." The publication of the addresses of the holders of 
 these free tuitions in the calendar affords great facilities to intending 
 applicants, and shows the value attached to these nominations as a 
 means of aiding the University. Fifty of the Queen's College schol- 
 arships are held by citizens of Montreal. Besides these free tuitions 
 there are also scholarships in Arts and Theology entitling to money 
 payments. 
 
 June s, i8g2. 
 
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