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Toua laa autraa axamplalraa originaux aont filmfo an eomman^ant par la pramiira paga qui eomporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illuatration at an tarminant par la darniira paga qui eomporta una talla amprainta. Un daa aymbolaa auhranta apparaftra aur la darniira imaga da ehaqua mierofieha, aalon la eaa: la aymboia ^»> aignlfia "A SUIVRE", la aymbola Y aignlfia "FIN". Laa eartaa, planchaa, tabiaaux, ate., pauvant ttra filmte i daa taux da rMuction diff Aranta. Loraqua la documant aat trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un aaul eliehA, 11 aat fiimA i partir da I'angia aupiriaur gaueha, da gaueha i droita, at da haut •!} baa, an pranant la nombra d'imagaa nieaaaaira. Laa diagrammaa suivanta illuatrant la mithoda. 2 3 5 6 »««oeopr NMHUTioN mr oun (ANSI and ISO TtST CHAUT No. 2) us ■ 28 |U Itt |U |Z2 111 u tSA ■K W u !■■ 1.4 ^Ii^ A /1PPLIED IN/MGF i 1«53 Enl Uoin Slr.« {"«) 288 - S98a - fo. VARIETIES OF WHEAT, OATS AND BARLEY nv •W. C. McKlLLlCAX. U.S.A. WHEAT. The discussion of varieties of wheat for Manitoba resolves it»elf almost entirely' into u i-omparison of Red Fife and Marquis. There are no other seriou* contenders for public favours, and this is fortunate for a multiplication of varieties is an evil. Bed Pife has been the standard variety of wheat in Western Canada for many years. Tlie excellent reputation for hard wheat which this count -y holds in the world's markets has been built upon the merits of this variety. It produces a flour of the finest <|uality, it yields well, is'hardy and has many other merits. However, it is a little late for safety in many parts of the West, not so much in Manitoba as in thf other provinces. This led to a (luest for another variety which would have the Rood qualities of Red Fife and rii^n a little earlier. Man.v substitutes were tried, but rntil the advent of Marquis, none were entirely satisfactory. Mar<iuis is now rapidly tukiuK the place of Red Fife, but there are |Mrobably some of the drier districts with light soil where the old variety is still to be prefi rred. Marqnii is now the principal variety of wheat throuRhout Western Canada. Originated by the Dominion Cerealist of the Experimental Farms only a few years ago. it hat. made a most phenomenal capture of the approval of the farmers and the grain men of Western Canada. It produces a grade of flour fully us good as thai from Red Fife. It ripens from five to ten days earlier, depending on the district and season. It produces much less straw per acre and the straw is stiller and less subject to lodging. Being earlier, it escapes ni*t better in rust-infested districts. Where the soil is light or very dry, it is sometimes too short in the btraw. but in strong heavy land it is unexcelled. In most localities it is found to yield more heavily than Red Fife. On the Brandon Experimental Farm, during the last five years it has produced almost ten bushels per acre more (on summer fallow). In 191.5 it has been observed to be injured more easily by .Tune frosts than Red Fife. Whether this was due to a difference in stage of development, or to a difference in hardiness, is nut known. Since it has not been injured by spring frost in any ordinary season thf matter is not imp irtant. ^farquis has proved itself and miy now Ik- safely recommpndeil a^ the l)est variety for most districts in Manitoba. DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. J. H. GRISOALE, B.Agr., Director. W. C. McKILLICAN, B.8.A., Supsrintendant, Brandon Experiment* 630.4 C212 Exp. Farms Service Exhib. Circ EXHIBITION CIHCTJIAS No. 78. (January, Ul«.) Pnladt it > variety of wheat introduced for a special purpoae. It is the earliest rsriaty of wheat known in Weatern Canada, ripening at Brando about eleren days before Marquia. It it intended to make wheat growing poaaible in districts that are too frosty to grow Marquis sueoaaafully. It is not recommended for any district that can grow Harquis or Red Fife, aa it yields only about two-thirds as much as Marquis, it is bwirdod and it abells easily. BliMtem is the »ariety moat commonly grown in parU of MinaesoU and Dakota, and there are districts in Manitoba where it has tome popularity. It produces more straw than Red Fife and, consequently, has the appearance of being more productive. It is in favour eapeoially in light or worn-out land. It is doubtful, however, whether it really yields better even under theae conditions, the better appearance being due chiefly to a more vigorous growth of straw. It is later than either Red Fife or Mar- quis, and as the wheat is scarcely equal to these varietiea for milling purpotet, it it not recommended. Where it appears to be the best kind, toil treatment that would enture a better crop would be preferable to chooting a variety that it luppoted to be euitable for poor land. EffyptUn Xiag or Aluka whent it mentioned only to be condemned. It it a peculiar looking variety with heuds divided into tmall branches. Most fantastic claims hsve been made in regard to its yielding power and it has been told at most extravagant prices by untcrupulout promotert. The Hour from this wheat it not at nil tuited to ordinary bread-mnking. A spread of the growing of thit variety wouW be ditattrous to the Canadian whent business. It is to be strongly condemned. OATS. Among the varieties most commonly grown in Manitoba, and most frequently (litcutted, are the following: Banner, Abundance, Newmarket, Victory, Gold Rain. Ligowo and Carton's No. 22. For early varietiet, Daubeney and Orloff are often recommended. BuiBer has been the standard variety "f oata in Manitoba for many year*. It it unturpaticd in yielding power and does well on all kinds of land, itt avernge yield per acre for the latt five years on the Brandon Experimental Farm is 102 bushels. 17 pounds. Being comparatively thin-hulled, it is more valuable for feed than heavy- hullcd varieties. It is highly recommended. Gold Bain it a yellow ont which hat equalled Banner in yield in our comparative testt; it has ripened tlightly earlier. It also hat good quality of grain and good strength of ttraw. Its yellow colour detractt slightly from its appearance, but it is a very desirable variety. LiffOWO is an excellent variety of white oats, very nearly equal to Banner, but standing jutt below it in yield. Kewmurket is a popular oW variety of oats which has yielded very nearly at well aa the best. It produces a plumper grain than Banner, but it not quite so thin in the hull. Victory is a newer variety of white oat that has met with much favour in some districts. Possibly under some conditions it may excel, but in out tests thus far it has stood a little lower in yield than the best, though the difference is really not decisive. It has good quality of grain and straw. Abundance or Regenerated AbnndBnce has won more prizes at seed fairs and grain shows than any other variety. This gave it a great popularity for a few years. The grain ii ¥«ry handMina in appMrance, being plump, large and rny heaw How- ever, it luM not aliown up particularly well iu actual lielil teitt. It yicldi ably Ima than the Banner, and in tome caiaa lodge* more eaaily. Outon'i >o. 88 i( a mixture of type* rather than a diatinct variety. The atraw It very heavy, but ia more brittle than that of the finer-ttrawcd varieMe* and doe* not »tand up any better. Thii i* one of the leaat deairable varietie* t ndcr te*t. Orloff ia a mixed yellow and whit* variety, eaaentially the tame a* the *o-calle«l Sixty Day oat. It ii very early, eleven daya earlier than Banner in theae test*. The average yield during the laat five yeara (100 buahela) ia probably misleading, aa con- dition* on the experimental plot* in one or two leaton* were uiiu*ually favourable to the early varietiea. Under normal condition* the yield i* much le** than that of the be*t late varieties. The grain i* thin and light, but i* correepondinjrly thin in hull. It i* recommended only where the beat varietie* are found to be too late, in auch diitricU it may be found to be of great value. Okttbeney i» a very early white oat, very aimilar in characteristic* to Orloff. It hns a more desirable colour and is more likely to be found in a pure condition. It till* the tame place as described obove for Orloff, and is recommended for districU HJierp Banner is found to be too late or too rank growing. BABIEY. Six-rowed varieties of barley are more deairable for our climatp than the two- rowed, a* they yield more heavily, are earlier and stand up better. Xtnohnriaii and Menrary.— Menaury is the old standard variety of tlip West. .Manchurian is a selected strain of the same stock. Best results have boon obtained from these in our tesU at Brandon. They yield well, are as early as can be obtained without sacrificing yield, and are reasonably stiff in straw. There is little difference between the two, but Manchurinn being a pedifcree strain, is more uniform in type. 0. A. C. No. 81 is very similar in type to Mnnchurian, the only noticeable differ- ence being a bluish tinge ir the colour of the grain of the O. A. C. No. 21. It is very similar in the good qualities described and is preferred in some places, but hns not equalled Ifanchurian in our tests. Oarton'i No. 68 ' and giving excellent r Gold is one of th but yields nearly as wt. ricty resembling very closely tin- two above-nnmcd .r tests. jwed varieties. It has short and rather weak straw, ■e six-rowed varieties. Hannchen is very similar to Qold, but lea* desirable. Guy Mayle or Gnymalaye is probably the best hulless barley. However, it does not yield as well as ordinary barley and the heads are inclined to break off before it is ripe. Beardleu Barley is very early and for that reason is sometimes grown where it is desired to cut the crop before the wild oats ripen. The beardless charac- ter makes it more suitable for green feed than ordinary barley. It is light yieMing and the grain is not plump. It is therefore not deairable except in the special cases mentioned. Published by authority of Hen. MARTIN BURRELL, Ministtr «f Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont.