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 /1PPLIED IN/MGF i 
 
 1«53 Enl Uoin Slr.« 
 {"«) 288 - S98a - fo. 
 
VARIETIES OF WHEAT, OATS AND BARLEY 
 
 nv 
 
 •W. C. McKlLLlCAX. U.S.A. 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 The discussion of varieties of wheat for Manitoba resolves it»elf almost entirely' 
 into u i-omparison of Red Fife and Marquis. There are no other seriou* contenders 
 for public favours, and this is fortunate for a multiplication of varieties is an evil. 
 
 Bed Pife has been the standard variety of wheat in Western Canada for many 
 years. Tlie excellent reputation for hard wheat which this count -y holds in the world's 
 markets has been built upon the merits of this variety. It produces a flour of the 
 finest <|uality, it yields well, is'hardy and has many other merits. However, it is a 
 little late for safety in many parts of the West, not so much in Manitoba as in thf 
 other provinces. This led to a (luest for another variety which would have the Rood 
 qualities of Red Fife and rii^n a little earlier. Man.v substitutes were tried, but 
 rntil the advent of Marquis, none were entirely satisfactory. Mar<iuis is now rapidly 
 tukiuK the place of Red Fife, but there are |Mrobably some of the drier districts with 
 light soil where the old variety is still to be prefi rred. 
 
 Marqnii is now the principal variety of wheat throuRhout Western Canada. 
 Originated by the Dominion Cerealist of the Experimental Farms only a few years 
 ago. it hat. made a most phenomenal capture of the approval of the farmers and the 
 grain men of Western Canada. It produces a grade of flour fully us good as thai 
 from Red Fife. It ripens from five to ten days earlier, depending on the district and 
 season. It produces much less straw per acre and the straw is stiller and less subject 
 to lodging. Being earlier, it escapes ni*t better in rust-infested districts. Where 
 the soil is light or very dry, it is sometimes too short in the btraw. but in strong heavy 
 land it is unexcelled. In most localities it is found to yield more heavily than Red 
 Fife. On the Brandon Experimental Farm, during the last five years it has produced 
 almost ten bushels per acre more (on summer fallow). In 191.5 it has been observed 
 to be injured more easily by .Tune frosts than Red Fife. Whether this was due to a 
 difference in stage of development, or to a difference in hardiness, is nut known. 
 Since it has not been injured by spring frost in any ordinary season thf matter is not 
 imp irtant. 
 
 ^farquis has proved itself and miy now Ik- safely recommpndeil a^ the l)est variety 
 for most districts in Manitoba. 
 
 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 
 
 J. H. GRISOALE, B.Agr., 
 
 Director. 
 
 W. C. McKILLICAN, B.8.A., 
 Supsrintendant, Brandon Experiment* 
 
 630.4 
 
 C212 
 
 Exp. Farms 
 
 Service 
 
 Exhib. Circ 
 
 EXHIBITION CIHCTJIAS No. 78. 
 
 (January, Ul«.) 
 
Pnladt it > variety of wheat introduced for a special purpoae. It is the earliest 
 rsriaty of wheat known in Weatern Canada, ripening at Brando about eleren days 
 before Marquia. It it intended to make wheat growing poaaible in districts that are 
 too frosty to grow Marquis sueoaaafully. It is not recommended for any district that 
 can grow Harquis or Red Fife, aa it yields only about two-thirds as much as Marquis, 
 it is bwirdod and it abells easily. 
 
 BliMtem is the »ariety moat commonly grown in parU of MinaesoU and Dakota, 
 and there are districts in Manitoba where it has tome popularity. It produces more 
 straw than Red Fife and, consequently, has the appearance of being more productive. 
 It is in favour eapeoially in light or worn-out land. It is doubtful, however, whether 
 it really yields better even under theae conditions, the better appearance being due 
 chiefly to a more vigorous growth of straw. It is later than either Red Fife or Mar- 
 quis, and as the wheat is scarcely equal to these varietiea for milling purpotet, it it 
 not recommended. Where it appears to be the best kind, toil treatment that would 
 enture a better crop would be preferable to chooting a variety that it luppoted to be 
 euitable for poor land. 
 
 EffyptUn Xiag or Aluka whent it mentioned only to be condemned. It it a 
 peculiar looking variety with heuds divided into tmall branches. Most fantastic 
 claims hsve been made in regard to its yielding power and it has been told at most 
 extravagant prices by untcrupulout promotert. The Hour from this wheat it not at 
 nil tuited to ordinary bread-mnking. A spread of the growing of thit variety wouW 
 be ditattrous to the Canadian whent business. It is to be strongly condemned. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 Among the varieties most commonly grown in Manitoba, and most frequently 
 (litcutted, are the following: Banner, Abundance, Newmarket, Victory, Gold Rain. 
 Ligowo and Carton's No. 22. For early varietiet, Daubeney and Orloff are often 
 recommended. 
 
 BuiBer has been the standard variety "f oata in Manitoba for many year*. It it 
 unturpaticd in yielding power and does well on all kinds of land, itt avernge yield 
 per acre for the latt five years on the Brandon Experimental Farm is 102 bushels. 
 17 pounds. Being comparatively thin-hulled, it is more valuable for feed than heavy- 
 hullcd varieties. It is highly recommended. 
 
 Gold Bain it a yellow ont which hat equalled Banner in yield in our comparative 
 testt; it has ripened tlightly earlier. It also hat good quality of grain and good 
 strength of ttraw. Its yellow colour detractt slightly from its appearance, but it is a 
 very desirable variety. 
 
 LiffOWO is an excellent variety of white oats, very nearly equal to Banner, but 
 standing jutt below it in yield. 
 
 Kewmurket is a popular oW variety of oats which has yielded very nearly at 
 well aa the best. It produces a plumper grain than Banner, but it not quite so thin 
 in the hull. 
 
 Victory is a newer variety of white oat that has met with much favour in some 
 districts. Possibly under some conditions it may excel, but in out tests thus far it 
 has stood a little lower in yield than the best, though the difference is really not 
 decisive. It has good quality of grain and straw. 
 
 Abundance or Regenerated AbnndBnce has won more prizes at seed fairs and 
 grain shows than any other variety. This gave it a great popularity for a few years. 
 
The grain ii ¥«ry handMina in appMrance, being plump, large and rny heaw How- 
 ever, it luM not aliown up particularly well iu actual lielil teitt. It yicldi ably 
 Ima than the Banner, and in tome caiaa lodge* more eaaily. 
 
 Outon'i >o. 88 i( a mixture of type* rather than a diatinct variety. The atraw 
 It very heavy, but ia more brittle than that of the finer-ttrawcd varieMe* and doe* not 
 »tand up any better. Thii i* one of the leaat deairable varietie* t ndcr te*t. 
 
 Orloff ia a mixed yellow and whit* variety, eaaentially the tame a* the *o-calle«l 
 Sixty Day oat. It ii very early, eleven daya earlier than Banner in theae test*. The 
 average yield during the laat five yeara (100 buahela) ia probably misleading, aa con- 
 dition* on the experimental plot* in one or two leaton* were uiiu*ually favourable to 
 the early varietiea. 
 
 Under normal condition* the yield i* much le** than that of the be*t late varieties. 
 The grain i* thin and light, but i* correepondinjrly thin in hull. It i* recommended 
 only where the beat varietie* are found to be too late, in auch diitricU it may be found 
 to be of great value. 
 
 Okttbeney i» a very early white oat, very aimilar in characteristic* to Orloff. It 
 hns a more desirable colour and is more likely to be found in a pure condition. It 
 till* the tame place as described obove for Orloff, and is recommended for districU 
 HJierp Banner is found to be too late or too rank growing. 
 
 BABIEY. 
 
 Six-rowed varieties of barley are more deairable for our climatp than the two- 
 rowed, a* they yield more heavily, are earlier and stand up better. 
 
 Xtnohnriaii and Menrary.— Menaury is the old standard variety of tlip West. 
 .Manchurian is a selected strain of the same stock. Best results have boon obtained 
 from these in our tesU at Brandon. They yield well, are as early as can be obtained 
 without sacrificing yield, and are reasonably stiff in straw. There is little difference 
 between the two, but Manchurinn being a pedifcree strain, is more uniform in type. 
 
 0. A. C. No. 81 is very similar in type to Mnnchurian, the only noticeable differ- 
 ence being a bluish tinge ir the colour of the grain of the O. A. C. No. 21. It is very 
 similar in the good qualities described and is preferred in some places, but hns not 
 equalled Ifanchurian in our tests. 
 
 Oarton'i No. 68 ' 
 and giving excellent r 
 
 Gold is one of th 
 but yields nearly as wt. 
 
 ricty resembling very closely tin- two above-nnmcd 
 .r tests. 
 
 jwed varieties. It has short and rather weak straw, 
 ■e six-rowed varieties. 
 
 Hannchen is very similar to Qold, but lea* desirable. 
 
 Guy Mayle or Gnymalaye is probably the best hulless barley. However, it does 
 not yield as well as ordinary barley and the heads are inclined to break off before 
 it is ripe. 
 
 Beardleu Barley is very early and for that reason is sometimes grown 
 where it is desired to cut the crop before the wild oats ripen. The beardless charac- 
 ter makes it more suitable for green feed than ordinary barley. It is light yieMing 
 and the grain is not plump. It is therefore not deairable except in the special cases 
 mentioned. 
 
 Published by authority of Hen. MARTIN BURRELL, Ministtr «f Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont.