IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ *^^ ^^O I^Hi 125 1.0^ m- >tt !&& 12.2 m U£ |2.0 u I.I L25 ]||_U 11.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation ^1 •SS \ ^\^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 m CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian (nstitute for Historical Microraproductions / instltut Canadian da microraproductions hiatoriquaa Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptiKJ to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibiiographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. QColourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur I — I Covars damagad/ Couvartura andommagAa □ Covars raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaurAa at/ou pallicul4a □ Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I I Colourad mapa/ D D D D D Cartaa gAographiquas an coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) I — I Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Rail* avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ La rt iiura sarria paut causar da I'ombra ou da la diatoraion lo long da la marge intArioure Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibla. thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ 11 aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa ajouttea iors d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, maia, loraqua cala Atait poaaibla, caa pagaa n'ont paa iti filmAaa. Additional commanta:/ Commantairas supplimantaires; L'Institut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplaira qu'il iui a Ati possibia da sa procurer. Las details da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquas du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifier una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dans la mAthoda normala da fiimaga sont indiquAs ci-daaaoua. rn Colourad pagaa/ D Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damaged/ Pagaa andommagtas Pages reatorad and/oi Pages restauriaa at/ou palliculies Pages diacoiourad. stained or foxei Pages dicolortes. tachatAes ou piquies r~1 Pagaa damaged/ p~| Pages reatorad and/or laminated/ r^ Pages diacoiourad. stained or foxed/ □ Pages detached/ Pages dAtachias 0Showthrough/ Tranaparance rn Quality of print varies/ Quaiit* inAgala de I'impreasion Includes supplementary material/ Comprand du material supplAmantaira Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea peges totalament ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuiilet d'errata, una peiure, etc., ont M filmies k nouveau de fapon A obtanir la mailleure imaga possibia. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat film* au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-daaaous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X * !-■ ^~ -'' .,'; y 12X 16X aox 24X 28X 32X I itaila I du odifier ' una mage Th« copy filmtd h«r« has baan raproduead thanka to tha ganaroaity of: Ntw Bruniwick MuMum Saint John Tho imagaa appoaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia eonaidaring tha condition and iagibiiity of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tha filming contract apacificationa. Original copioa in printad popor eovara ara filmad boginning with tha front eovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or iiluatratad impraa- aion, or tha back cover whan appropriata. Ail othar original copiaa ara filmad beginning on tha firat paga with a printad or iiluatratad impraa- aion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or iiluatratad impraaaion. L'axamplaira filmA fut raproduit grtca A la giniroaitA da: Hrnm Bruniwick Muieum Saint John Laa imagaa auivantaa ont M raproduitaa avae io plua grand coin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da l'axamplaira film*, at an conformKA avac laa condltiona du contrat da filmaga. Laa axamplairaa origlnaux dont la couvartura mn papiar oat imprimte aont filmia an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant aoit par la damMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou dllluatration, colt par la sacond plat, aaion la caa. Toua laa autraa axamplairaa origlnaux aont filmte an commandant par la pramMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illuatration at an tarminant par la darniAra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha ahall contain tha aymboi — c^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymboi y (moaning "END"), whichavar appliaa. Un daa aymbolaa suK^anta apparattra aur la damMra imaga da chaqua microficha, aaion la caa: la aymbda — »• aignifia "A 8UIVRE", la aymbola V aignifia "FIN". Mapa, plataa, charta, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant reduction ratioa. Thoaa too largo to ba antlraly included in one expoaure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. The following diagrama illuatrate the method: Lea cartea, planchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A dee taux do reduction diffirenta. Loraque la document eat trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un aeui clichA, 11 eat filmA A partir da I'angle aupArieur gauche, do gauche A droite, et do hiaut 9n baa, an pranant la nombre d'imagea nAcaaaaira. Lea diagrammea auivanta illuatrent la mAthode. rrata :o 9elure, 1 A 3 32X 1 * 3 t a 3 ■ * :. :•;■#;■; 6 ^/^^Mf^AAM^n ft ANNUAL A»BRfiSS DELIVERED B7 HIS HONOR MR. JUSTICE STREET, X>B.3S8X393g]!S'T, BEFORE THE FREDERICTON ATHEMUM, 16th FEBRUARY, 186fl. ■1 Vttblfsjbelr is SElequist of tj|»^e Soctets. f '^ ■'t<«'. n SAINT JOHN: PRINTED BY HENRY CHUBB 4c COMPANY, PRINCE WILLIAM STBEET. ■ '•• ■' rf • ?\^ Mi I ) ' t^> .]•> < ! ■■■ f ^ 'I ^ h f ■'^r.i Gentlem&n ADDRESS. rf v-y As the term of my service in the office of your President is now -concluded, I am bound in duty, before I leave this chair, to address you upon our proceedings of the past year, in obedience to the 8th Rule of the Society. It may, perhaps, be expected that I should not confine this address strictly to what the rule requires, but extend it to a commentary upon the general objects we had in view in the establishment of this Institution, and our proceedings from the commencement in further- ance of the original intention, and tlius follow the example, so ably set me, by my predecessors in office ; but so much has been said by them on those points, and so well said, particularly by the Rev. Mr. Brooke, in his address at our last anniversary, that there is very little, if anything, of any interest to you that 1 can add ; and for me to go orer the same ground they have so ably occupied, would not only be tedious and unintere.'dng to you, but a bad attempt at imitation in me. I shall, then-ibre, proceed at once to what is, in strictness, the object of this ac jes3, by calling j ji r attention to what has been done during th past year, with sucl observations of my own thereon as occur to r; ' in passing. At the meeting this time last ar, when you did me the honour to elect me your President, I was, • om ill-health, prevented attending, which I the more regretted, as I lereby lost the advantage of hearing delivered from this chair the bi autiful closing address of my Rev. friend on my left ; but I afterwabj.3 had the pleasure and benefit of pe- rusing it from the printed copy ; and I think you will agree with me, that nothing more appropriate to tiie subjects therein treated of, more sublime and beautiful in the ideas expressed, or more elegant and chaste in the language used, his hitherto been laid before this Society ; -and I much fear. Gentlemen, that this address of mine, coming, as it does, in immediate succession to that, will appear to you very tame and insipid ; at the same time, you must bear A U U li U S {4. l\ in mind, that as 'vo arc not all endowed with the same power and talent for composition, you ought not to expect from every suc- cessive President an equally able and beautiful address ; and I can assure you, you will find mine a very plain matter-of-fact affair. At the same February meeting, I perceive also, by the Minutes, our active Secretary exhibited specimens of Elastic Bitumen and Bituminous Limestone, obtained from the County of Westmorland, and favoured you with some observations in respect to the interest and practical importance promised, by finding such deposits in the soil in the vicinity of the mines of Albert County; and I still hope we shall hear further from him on this subject, particularly with respect to the composition and nature of the substance by some called Asphaltum, taken from the mines in Albert, and how far it does or does not partake of the qualities of Coal. At the March meeting, I was again prevented attending, by absence from the Province ; but I perceive by the Minutes that our highly respected and much esteemed Member, the Venerable Arch- deacon, read an elaborate paper on Ancient Books, which led to a discussion on the subject of Modem Improvements in the Art of Printing and Bookmaking. I have only lately had the pleasure of seeing this paper ; and you, who heard it read, must, I am sure, admit that the subject is therein handled in that able manner that would naturally be expected, coming, as it did, from such a quarter. The Archdeacon has taken up the history of Letters from their commencement, and traced their progress down through the various inventions of man for recording and transmitting to posterity the numerous important events, and the conduct and proceedings of mankind, from the beginning down to the present time — a very inte- resting subject of study, and one which our Reverend friend has (in his paper) shewn affords the strongest verification of the correctness of the present vt vsion of both the Old and New Testaments, from which we take our religious creed ; and that of itself ought to be sufficient to give to this paper the highest value in our estimation, independent of its other superior merits, of which it would be pre- sumption in me to say more. Our next meeting took place in April, when I was, for the first time since my election to this chair, enabled to attend ; at which meeting Mr. Wilkinson kindly favoured us with a paper upon the exploratory survey on which he had been engaged, in connection with a proposed line of Railroad from the Nova-Scotian boundary A U 1> It i: H 8. to that of the Stato of Maine ; and although the paper wu8 not onu prepared tor this Society, but more in the nature of an official Report of his survey, yet it was of great interest to us all, as it af- forded much valuable information on a subject on which the public mind has been extensively occupied ever since, and is still likely to be so for some time to come. Indeed, there is no subjeot that has, in my recollection, so much and so long engrossed public atten- tion, and given rise to so much discussion generally, as that of Railroads in this Province. We were, therefore, the more obliged to that scientific Member, for this exposition of the subject, shew* ing, from practical examination of the ground, that there are no natu- ral obstacles on that part of the line surveyed by him that may not easily be remov nied by observations of his own, and conclusions drawn therefrom. This part of his paper he seems to have considered as a requisite inquiry introductory to the more immediate subject thereof, which was the Science (if it may be so called) of Phrenology. This he has gone very fully into, and adduced the opinions and reasoning of the ablest writers who are represented as its professors, and who have exerted themselves to reduce the subject to a science, in which confidence may be placed, and reliance oh its truth commanded. But for me to enter here into any discussion upon the various topics of this paper, would occupy much more time than the limits of this evening and your patience will admit of, besides extending this ad* dress far beyond its proper Hounds. At the same time, I may add, that although some of the positions taken in this paper may be much questioned as to their correctness — as indeed was proved by the discussion that immediately; followed — yet I believe We all agreed that Mr. Gregory was entitled to our sincere thanks for the able manner in which he had brought them before us, and for the labour and research he had bestowed upon the matter. « /i^*^ Previous to our last meeting, in January, we had been led to ex- pect a paper from Mr. Robinson, but owing to some unforsee i diffi-' culty he vras unable to get it prepared, and our much valued Member, Professor Jack, at a very short notice, stepped forward, as he had often done before, to relieve us from the disappointment we might otherwise have met with ; and short as the notice to him was, most ably did he do so, and thereby gave us another instance to shew how well merited was the eulogium passed upon him, as well as on his worthy colleague, our talented Secretary, by my predecessor, Mr.: Brooke, last year, which, I think, we must all feel the justice of. ' Mr. Jack, on this occasion, gave us a most interesting extempore lec« ' ture on the Rotation of the Terrestrial Globe, accompanied by expla- natory experiments, exemplifying in a very clear manner the perma-';;^^ nency of the plane of vibration of the simple pendulum, and show- in|r how this fact has been applied so as to furnish a direct proof of ■ the rotation of the earth. The Professor, in his lecture, also, in a very concise manner, went into a history of the different theories of the ancient philosophers, as to the situations and supposed movements of the heavenly bodies and the earth ; and adverted.' IP ADDRESS. I li .f to the length of time the world was kept in ignorance (by religious higptry and the persecutions of the Inquisition) of the true system of the unireise, Viewing by his sound aigument that the present well estaUished doctrine of the earth turning on its axis, and thus causing the aivf^rent diunml reToluti adopted ^18 theory from the information he obtained irom the Priests and Magi of the Gast, among whom he resided for many y^ars, and on this, and by the eisereisp of his own powerful reason- ing, he was led to frame the system which he then promulgated, and continued to teach wh^ he lived. His immediate followers em* Iffaced and propagated the doctrine pf their gieat master; but as they eould not support it by any very ponvincii^ arguments, and had, moreover, no means of testing ita truth by actual discoveries through the inventicms that modem art has uncp prodnced, the op>« ponente to the theory succeeded in imposing npon the ^oranco and prejudiocs of mankind, and in crying it down. It was then aban- doned by the world for many ages afterwards, during which lapse A D D ft E 8 S. 11 of time we find au itcience to huve been wholly negldctedj atid tk^ subject bdtiiimis involved in uneettiiittty by the whimsical hyt^otheses of philosopheifs, fttiidying only to gp^tify their dwn v&nity, hy iiit^tt^ tions of thdif bMiins, independent of factd and experiineftts. Gopernictts, in the 16th centttty, roiie like a bHUiant stair, td dis* perse the mists and clouds of falsehood and error that Were mi^ead* ing the werld, and conducted it back to the trath. His great reasoning mind, it seems, after deep refleotion, led him to adopt the Pythagorean System as the true one : but yet bigetry and religieus persecution so prevailed, that he dared not teach or propound it td the world until about the time of his death $ and even then, the tfppd' sition to it continued so great f^r years afterwards, that it was not until subsequent philosophers, by means of the telescope and the philosophical reasoning df the great Newton, finally set the ques* tion at rest, that it became acknowledgied as the true doctrittOi But, Gentlemen, I must stop this train of thought, and get back td the more immediate purport of this address, having already, I fear, made a greater digression than your patienee may approve of. At this same January meeting, «ne Committee on Tides made a preli* minary report, from whieh it appeared they had been in conununi<> catidn with Captain Shertlafid, of the Reyal Navy, (the efScer con* ducting the survey of the Bay of Fundy and coast of Nova^Seotia,) and also with His fiioellency the Lieutenant OevemiHr, on the sub^ ject. The fermer had pointed out the measures he considered neces^ sary to be pursued, te attain our object; aad &e latter had expressed a great wiUingnessiin hje part to afford every assistance in his power to further the inquiry, and hadreconunended a statemeat to be dmwn up for him, tnd also due to be laid before the Legislature. Upon this report, the Gewmittee were continued to pursue this course, u^d we now wait for their farther report thereon. I have now, I believe, ^ne thronag^ all matters of aay mdmeitf that have come under our ^usideration during the past year, and I take this opportunity of calling the attention of the Members to a part of the 2d Rule of our Institution, which provides that " all Written commmnications which shall be laid before the Society, shall becdme part of its property.'^ This rule seems to have been very much erer- looked, as I believe that most of our Members from ^e commenoe* ment, who fi&Toured us with papers on any subject, have, after reading them to the meeting, taken them away ; and I believe very few of them have been kept (as I think it was originally intended they 12 ADDRESS. H M should be,) in the place of deposit for tho literary contributions belonging to the Society. Our rules, in all other respects, I am happy to say, seem to have been respected and adhered to. All subjects, excepting two, are open to us for discussion, either in written papers, submitted by Members, or verbal lectures. The two excepted subjects, you are aware, are those mentioned in the second of our Rules, which requires the " President always to prevent the introduction of any matter repugnant to the spirit of Christianity, and all religious or political controversy ;" but, in ex- eluding religion as a subject for discussion, it is not to be for a moment supposed that we think lightly on that subject, or are pro- Iselytes to the modern doctrine, held in some places, for excluding it from public institutions for the education of youth ; but as the object of our Society is to promote general literature and science, and as it is open to all denominations of Christians who may be disposed to lend their aid to that object, and to become Members, if duly elected ; and as our Members hitherto have not been confined to anyone denomination in particular, to introduce for discussion questions on religion would only lead to controversy and disunion, without a chance of producing any real good, and thereby disturb that har^* mony and kindly feeling it is so necessary and advisable should always be maintained amongst us. The same reasons will equally apply in support of the exclusion of political subjects ; I therefore think it a very wise and judicious provision introduced by the framers of our constitution to exclude both those subjects ; and I am happy to find no attempt has been made by any one to infringe upon the xule, or to make any alteration therein. 'm We have had many and various subjects brought before us since our first association ; but there is one that I am sure would have great interest for us all, and (though not excluded) has not, as far as I can recollect, yet been touched upon by any one of our Members in the papers they have from time to time favoured us with — ^I mean that of the Fine Arts. It is true that in a new country like this we have as yet but few or no means or facilities for their cultivation, as little or nothing has yet been done, either public or private, for their encouragement ; but I am satisfied tliere is sufficient natural talent in the bud, in this Province, that only wants to be drawn forth by the sunny rays of cultivation and encouragement, to make it burst into blossoms worthy of admiration anywhere. My attention was called to this subject by a passage in a singularly beautiful address ADDUE SS. 13 delivered by Mr. Sheriff Bell, of Glasgow, to the AthensDum of that place, in which he says, in alluding to the Fine Arts, ** I fear that it is something of a reproach to us that we have scarcely asi yet mani- fested a sufficient sense of the importance of these arts as a mighty engine for softjening and elevating the character of the people. It is, indeed, impossible, in. this point of view, to overrate their power. The Fine Arts speak a universal language ; they belong not to any one nation, they are human, and nothing that is human is foreign to them; they are fettered by the peculiarities of no idiom; they have not to contend with the limited meaning and feebleness of words. A perception of the beautiful and the grand in drt is equi- valent to the possession of another sense, for it supplies a new power of reading and apprehending the beauties and 'sublimities of the natural world." I have quoted this passage from Mr. Bell's address merely to show the forcible manner in which he points out the importance of this subject to the people of the world at large, and not confined to any particular country ; and, therefore, as appli- cable to us as to others ; and he has in the most beautiful manner, in the same address, very clearly illustrated the truth of this his position. I therefore hope that in the course of the ensuing year some of our Members will turn their attention to this subject, and favour us with one or more papers upon it ; for although we have, I fear, but few, if any, specimens of the higher order of the produc- tions of these arts in this Province, for any of us to have access to, yet we have some very able works upon the subject in our libraries, to which we can refer, and from which any one, possessing the know- ledge and experience that, I think, some of our scientific and pro- fessional Members must have, might gather such additional infor- mation as 'jwould enable him to give us a very interesting paper upon it ; and the oftener it is brought before us, the more we dis- cuss and consider it, the stronger shall we be impressed with the importance and necessity of some exertion being made to afford means of instruction in, and encouragement of, the study of the Fine Arts in this Province, side by side with the other branches of science. I would also recommend to us all the more frequent introduction of papers upon Agricultural Science and its different branches, than we have yet had ; there is no other subject (I may say) in which we are all, in a general sense, so much interested; and as it is one to which several of our Members have turned their particular atten- tion, and in which they are well versed, they could occasionally give 14 A » I) ft £ 8 0. J i M: US papers on some one %t more branches ef it, c rtfiUia^;*' ^IrrKif'Y &iit.V ■fe>Ui;.i#.» .i. .^ ■:fi\-' 1 .-.m^ - ' . t ' . nd that often it the Society )h their time, ^^-0ur benches T9 could reti* lok upon our Mr. Brooke,) led upon the sera we then I by the prol- ong them on 'prospect of lUe to carry which have 1',;./- A.-.