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 ON THE 
 
 Appearance and Migrations of the Locust 
 
 
 IN 
 
 MANITOBA AND THi: NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. 
 
 tSUMMI^K OF 1875. . > . 
 
 
 By Geohoe M. Dawson, Assoc. R. S. 31., F. G. S. ^ 
 
 
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(^Frum the Canadian X<ttiirfilist.) 
 
 I 
 
 NOTES ON THE APPEARANCE AND MKJ RATIONS 
 OK THE LOCUST IN iMANITOBA AND THE NORTH- 
 WEST TERRITORIES— SUMMER OF 1S75. 
 
 Jiy CiKoiuJK M. Dawson, Assoc. U.S.M., F.CJ.S. 
 
 From the reports now received I'roiu Manitoba and various 
 portions of tiie North-west Territory, and published in abstract 
 with these notes, it would appear that during the summer of 
 1875 two distinct elements were concerned in the locust mani- 
 festation. First, the insects hatching:; in the Province of Mani- 
 toba and surroundinj; re<iioiis from eggs left by the western and 
 north-western invading swarms (if tlie previous autumn ; second, 
 a distinct foreign host, moving, lor the most part, from south to 
 nortli. The locusts are known to have hutched in great numbers 
 over almost the entire area of Manitoba, and westward at least 
 as far as Fort Ellice on tlie Assineboine River (long. 101° 'J.(i') 
 and may probably have been produced, at least sporadically, in 
 otlier [lortions of the central regions of the plains; though in 
 the summer of 1874, this district was nearly enijitied to recruit 
 the swarms devastating Manitoba and the Western States, and 
 there appears to have been little if any influx to su{)ply their 
 place. Still further west, on the plains along the lase of the 
 Rocky Mountains, from the -lUth parallel to the Red Deer 
 River, locusts are known to have hatched in considerable num- 
 bers — but of these more anon. 
 
 Hatching began in Manit(»b;i and adjacent regions in favour- 
 able localities as early as May 7th, but does not seem to have 
 beeonie general till about the 15th of the 'uonth, and to have 
 continued during the latter part of May and till the 15th of 
 June; while, accordin^ to Mr. Gunn and others, in cold clayey 
 land and where pools of water from the melting of the snow lay 
 long, isolated colonies came out at still later dates. Mr. Gunn 
 states that grasshoppers were evcMi noticed to hatch in August 
 and Sc{)teniber, in spots which had been covered with water all 
 summer, a fact showing the veiy persistent vitality of the eggs, 
 and ajiparently negativing opinions which have been expressed 
 as to their destruction by damp. The most northern locality at 
 which locusts are reported to have been produced from the egg^ 
 is at Manitoba House, Manitoba I^ake (lat. 51°j. 
 
 m^ 
 
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 Mjy- 
 
2 
 
 The destruction of crops by the growin*^ insects, in all the 
 settled re<rion.s was very i^reat, and in many districts well nigh 
 complete. The exodus of these broods began in the early part 
 of July, but appears to have been most general during the middle 
 and latter part of that month, and first oi' August. The direc- 
 tion taken on departure was, with very little exception, south- 
 east or south. It is to be remarked, that as there does not seem 
 to have been during this period any remarkable persistency of 
 north-west or northerly winds, the insects must have selected 
 those favouring their intended direction of migration, an instinct 
 which has very generally been observed t-lsevvhere. Though 
 most of the parents, in 1871, came from the west and north- 
 went, and Manitoba must have represented to those ending their 
 flight there, the south-eastern limit of their range; the young 
 insects of 1X75 thus took a south-eastward direction, just as 
 though starting from their usual breeding-grounds in the far 
 north-west, and showed no disposition to return to the region 
 whence their parents came. This direction of flight carried 
 many of the insects at once into a country of thick woods, 
 -wamps, and lakes; and caused the repetitii)n of the phenomenon 
 of the appearance of grasshoppers in gniat numbers about the 
 Lake of the Woods, a circumstance only once bcl'ore noted — in 
 the summer of J 857.''' This previous occasion however differed 
 from that of last year in being an extension of an invasion of 
 Manitoba from the west or north-west, and not resulting from 
 insects hatching in that province. 
 
 It is probable that most of the grasshopper swarms of 
 Manitoba, thus entering the wooded country, were there harm- 
 lessly spent, for though some northern swarms reached the State 
 of Minnesota, the invasion appears to have been comparatively 
 unimportant. Northern swarms are noted to have passed over 
 Crookston (Polk County, Minnesota), and Fort Totten, (Dakota) ; 
 the greatest number appearing at the latter place July 19th. 
 The locust swarms described by Mr. Kiley f in the following 
 paragraph, from information furnished to the Chicago Tribune^ 
 dated July 13th, probably also came from Manitoba : '* The first 
 foreign hoppers appeared on the Sioux City Road, alighting be- 
 
 • Not 1867 as crroniously printed in Notes for 1874. 
 
 t From Mr. Chas. V. lUloy's very interesting Eighth Annual Re- 
 port on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of the Slate of 
 Missouri. 
 
 -V 
 
 !»*- 
 
 •'■■■"■■'*?R?;**^:!^ 
 
in all the 
 well nigh 
 curly part 
 he iniddlo 
 Die direc- 
 on, Houth- 
 s not seem 
 istcncy of 
 L' selected 
 in instinct 
 Thou.t^h 
 nd north- 
 diii<z; their 
 ,he young 
 m, just as 
 n the far 
 he region 
 lit carried 
 ck woods, 
 icnonienon 
 about the 
 noted — in 
 )r diifered 
 ivasion of 
 ting from 
 
 arms of 
 ere liarm- 
 the State 
 )aratively 
 sscd over 
 Dakota) ; 
 uly 19th. 
 following 
 I'rihune, 
 The first 
 hting be- 
 
 mual Re- 
 Slate of 
 
 8 
 
 twccn Lake Crystal and St. James on Wednesday last. A few 
 days later they were observed at New Ulm flying south-cast, and 
 at noon of the same day struck the line of the road at Madelina, 
 St. James, Fountain Lake, Windom, and Heron Lake, covering 
 the track for about 50 miles of its length." It will be observed 
 on referring to the summary on another page, that the insects 
 produced in Minnesota itself flew south-west in the early part of 
 July. 
 
 I have not been able tft trace further the movements of these 
 Manitoba broods, unless indeed it be supposed that some at 
 least of the swarms which passed over central Illinois early in 
 September, came from that quarter. These, however, Mr. lliley 
 believes not to have been the true migratory locust — ddoptcnus 
 sp re tits. 
 
 Foreign swarms from th.e south crossed the -i^th parallel with 
 a wide front stretching from the OSth to the Id'^th meridian, 
 and are (juite distinguishable from those produced in the 
 country, from the fact that many of them arrived before the 
 latter were mature. These flights constituted the extreme nor- 
 thern part of the array returning northward and north-westward 
 from the states ravaged in the autumn of 1874. They appeared 
 at Fort Ellice on the loth of June, and at Qu'Appelle Fort on 
 the 17th of the same month, favoured much no doubt by the 
 steady south and south-east winds, which according to the mete- 
 orological register at Winnipeg, prevailed on the 12th of June 
 and for about a week thereafter. After their first appearance, 
 however, their subsequent progress seems to have been compara- 
 tively slow, and their advancing border very irregular in outline. 
 They are said to have reached Swan Lake House — the most 
 northern point to which they are known to have attained — about 
 July 10 ; while Fort Pelly, further west, and nearly a degree 
 further south, was reached July 20th, and about seven days 
 were occupied in the journey thence to Swan River Barracks, 
 a distance of only ten miles. It is more than probable that the 
 first southern swarms were followed by others, which mingled 
 with them, or even, in parts of Manitoba and the country im- 
 mediately west of it, with the indigenous brood. From a few 
 localities only, in Manitoba — and those in its western portion — is 
 the evidence pretty conclusive as to the arrival of foreign swarms 
 from the south. Burnside, Westbourne, Portage La Prairie, 
 Roekwood, and Pigeon Lake, may be mentioned as afibrding 
 instances. 
 
 ffHarMTMjU fat^— )W 
 
 ■»Mai-*giji-iiaittiijr>rf-niiiiiiWiy*Tt --i 
 
I 
 
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 Many of tlio p:r;iHshoppors obscrvcl, accordiiif; to reports re- 
 ceived by Mr. Hilcy, in Dakota, at Fort 'l'lioiii|».'^(>n, Vaiikton, 
 F(»rt Sully, Spriiiufii'ld, Fort Uandall, and Jiisuiark, tlyitiLr north- 
 ward and nortliwi'.^tward at various dates in June and July, no 
 doubt eventually iound their way nortji ol' the 4ltth jjiirallel. 
 Those seen at liisniark about Juno Cth and 7tli, probably 
 belonged to the earliest southern bands above referred to, and 
 judging from the dates given by Mr. Hiley, may have been pro- 
 duced in Nebraska, or more probably even still further south. 
 A portion of the .'southern and eastern army probably reached 
 Montana, and may even have penetrated in diminished number& 
 into the districts in the vicinity of How Kiver. 
 
 Many locusts appear to have hatclied at about the same date 
 as in Manitoba, near the extreme western margin of the plains, 
 especially in the country near Bow lliver. Foreign swarms ar- 
 rived at Fort McLeod (lon«,'. 1.13° lat. 49° 50') from the south- 
 west, depositing eggs ; mostof tliose hatching near Bow River, and 
 further north, seem to have gone south-eastward early in August. 
 No very dciinite or wide spread movement of swarms appears, 
 however, to have occurred during the summer of 1S75 in this 
 region, nor, if we m;iy judge from the very uuagre accounts re- 
 ceived, in the corresponding portion of Montana. 
 
 The following notes, representing the condition of atfiiirs in 
 the Western States and Territories, south of the 49th parallel, 
 are abstracts of the accounts in Mr. C. V. llilcy's work, already 
 referred to, and will serve as a basis of comparison : 
 
 TcxAts and ImVutn Territory. Hatched in large numbers 
 early in spring in Texas and Indian Territory. Left in May, 
 and early in June, going for the most part north 
 
 Ktinsds. llavages confined to districts 150 miles long, 50 
 broad, along eastern border of State, this being the region where 
 most eggs hiid in 1S74. Hatching from April Gth to May 10th. 
 Flew north-west in latter part of May and first week in June. 
 
 Colnnulo. Hatched pretty generally over the territory, ap- 
 pearing from early in May till July, according to elevation. 
 Prevalent direction of flight on departure south and south-cast. 
 
 NdiranL-d. Hatching ground limited to districts bordering 
 Missouri lliver. Insects produced early in May, and began to 
 fly northward about June 7th. Several swarms fronj more 
 southern regions passe 1 north-westward over the State before 
 those hatching here took wing. 
 
 I 
 
reports re- 
 , Yankton, 
 aIhl: uorth- 
 1(1 July, no 
 ith parallel. 
 li, probably 
 •ed to, and 
 c been pro- 
 tlier south. 
 ,bly reached 
 ed numbers 
 
 same date 
 t' the plains, 
 swarms ar- 
 X the south- 
 er River, and 
 y in August, 
 nis appears,. 
 S75 in this 
 accounts ve- 
 
 of affairs ia 
 9th parallel, 
 ork, already 
 
 go numbers 
 el't in May, 
 
 Ics Ion*:, 50 
 egion where 
 3 May 10th. 
 in June, 
 rritory, ap- 
 elevation, 
 south-cast. 
 s bordering 
 d began to 
 IVoni more 
 tate beforc 
 
 AfixHoiiri. Hatched early in May, especially in the m' 'die 
 western counties. Ik-gan leaving early in June, the majority 
 departing about the middle of the mouth. Main direction of 
 flight, tiorth-wistward. 
 
 lorn. Locusts hatched in a few localities near the south- 
 west boundary of the State. From the 10th of Jtiiie to the 
 middle ol July western coutities suffered from swarujs passing 
 from south to north. 
 
 MintKnofa. Hatched pretty generally tlirouglmut western 
 part of State. Some appeared as early as April and were killed 
 by cold and wet. The majority left early in July, and appear 
 to have gone south-westward. 
 
 JJdkotd. Known tf» have hatched near the soutliern boundary 
 of Manitoba. These insects, and those iVom furtluT north, went 
 southward early in August. During June, and in August, 
 foreign swarms passed over the State going north-westward. 
 
 Moiit'DKi. Some probably hatched here, and swarms from 
 the east and south-east appeared during July. 
 
 During the summer of 1875, the conditions dtvscribed in the 
 Notes for 187-1 as occurring in tiie region west of the lOlh'd 
 meridian, were reproduced in Manitoba, and over a great area 
 of the Western and South-western States, with results I'ven more 
 disastrous to the crops than vliose of the winged invasion of the 
 previous year. We do not hear of any access of fresh swarms 
 to Manitoba from the west or north-west, nor is it probable that 
 any such occurred, notwithstanding the fact that in various parts 
 of the province flights are reported to have parsed over from 
 nortli-west to south-east. From the dates and descriptions given, 
 it seems certain, that tiiese were only those from the more remote 
 parts of the province itself, and in many cases the broods hatched 
 in any locality mingled with tliose coming i'rom a little distance, 
 and departed at the same time. 
 
 The most remarkable and exceptional feature in connec- 
 tion with the appearance of the locusts in 1875, is the extensive 
 invasion of the wooded region cast of Manitoba by the swarms 
 produced in the Province. This is the more noticeable when 
 contrasted with the immunity enjoyed by Prince Albert on the 
 Saskatchewan, alluded to in last year's Notes, which is owing to 
 its separation from the general area of the plains by a belt of 
 timber. On writing to Mr. Clarke of Carleton House on the 
 subject, he informs me that this protecting belt of " fir timber " 
 
6 
 
 is only four milcH in width, and cxtcMids compU'Uly across be- 
 tween the north and south branches of the Saskatclifwan. 
 Jud^in^ from the above roniarkal)U) fact, and the known liabit« 
 of the locust, I (h> not think that the incursion made into the 
 forest country can b(! looked upon as anythint^ btit exceptional, 
 and perhaps .showinj; that the locusts had lost their reckoning. 
 Nor (h» 1 beli('V(( that it sliould discourage tin; cultivation of 
 belts of woodland, which proniises to effect in time a general and 
 pcrnianent anitilioration of the; grasshopper plague. 
 
 Broadly sketclu'd, the movements of the lociist in IHTT) con- 
 form to a geiMM'al plan. All those hatching in Minnesota, 
 Muiiit(;ba, northern Dakota, and in the high western region of 
 the plains at least as far south as Colorado, oti obtaining their 
 wings went southward, and this in some instances regardless of 
 the direction fntni which their parents had arrived in the previous 
 year. Swarms produci'd in Nebrask.i, Missouri, Kansas, Texas, 
 and Indian Territory, flew nortliward and north-westward, re- 
 turning on the course of their parents, which had flown south- 
 eastwiird iVom thiit<(uarter. This movement can be traced over 
 an immense area, from the nortliern borders of Texas almost tO' 
 tlic Saskatchewan River. 
 
 Evidence appears to be last .-iccumulating to show tliat the 
 general and normal direction of fligiit for any brood, is to 
 return toward the liatcliing grounds from whicii their parents 
 came, and it would thus seem, that to complete the migration- 
 cycle of the locust, two years are required. The tendency which 
 the swarms show to migrate on reaching maturity cannot be 
 wondered at, as it is so commonly met with in other animals, 
 and may be assisted by the mere lack of food in the district 
 which has lor a long time suj.portod the young locusts. The 
 fact however — let us call it instinct or knowledge — that the 
 young, while amenable to the niigratory tendency, show a deter- 
 mination to exercise it in a direction exactly the opposite of the 
 preceding generation, is niost remarkable. 
 
 No panacea against the grasshopper appears yet to have been 
 found, nor does it seem likely that any such will be discovered. 
 The means of making war ujjon the young insects and winged 
 swarms, with a degree of efficiency dependent largely on the 
 determination of the people, and density of settlement in the 
 afflicted districts, are now well known. Though it is to be hoped 
 that Manitoba and the settled portions of the North-west may 
 
 I 
 
 \^y-'-^tit^ 
 
y lUToss bc- 
 skatclu'wan. 
 iiowii habits 
 ,(lc into tlio 
 exct'ptinniil, 
 r reckoning, 
 iltivation of 
 j^eiioral and 
 
 II IHTT) con- 
 Miniifsota, 
 ru r('«rion of 
 tainin«; their 
 regardless of 
 I till' previous 
 insas, TexiiH, 
 vestward, re- 
 fiown soutli- 
 e traced over 
 xas aluioht tO' 
 
 low that the 
 
 brood, is to 
 
 tlieir parents 
 
 le niiiiration- 
 
 udency wliich 
 
 ity cannot be 
 
 tiier animals, 
 
 tlie di>trict 
 
 ocusts. The 
 
 oc — tliat the 
 
 show a deter- 
 
 posite of the 
 
 to liavc been 
 e discovered. 
 ( and winged 
 irgcly on the 
 emcnt in the 
 
 is to be hoped 
 irth-west may 
 
 \on^ escape further troubUi from these- depredators, it is none the 
 IcMH a duty to i^repire for a pohsibh' rejietition of the sei'iieH 
 which have ahcjidy been witnessed there. In various portiotjs 
 of the Tiiited Stat«'s, the de.xtruetion of the young insects has 
 been greatly eruMturagtsd l»y tlie piiymifiit of bounties for that 
 purpo*»> from the jiubiic treasuries, l)ut with a plague so wide- 
 cpreatl as that of tin' locust, the mttans most likely to lead to 
 permanent am<-lioration are those capable of general application. 
 The movement in the Western States towartl the appointment 
 of a commission by the central government to investigate all 
 the facts connected with the loeu>t trouble, and sugii(!st me.in^ 
 for its relief, is in the right direction ; and if such a eoniniission 
 is a|ipoiiiti'il, it wouM .-ippcar to be of the ;;reatest importance 
 tliat (Canada shouM take similar acliou, and at the s;ime time, 
 lor its western territory. 
 
 By such general measures as the cultivation and preservation 
 of forest trees, the protection of the prairie grass till th»! appro- 
 priate time for destroying the young insects in their hatching 
 grounds by tire, and the encouragement of all birds feinling on 
 the young or fledged, imsect, much may be done. TIk! prairie 
 chicken, and the vaiious species of blackbirds, get the credit of 
 devouring great numbers oi' the young grasshoppers, and if these 
 were protectiul by more stringiMit laws, and even a small increase 
 in safety to the crttps resulted, the loss of the one as a game bird 
 and the damage I'reijuently done by the other in the cornfields, 
 would be more than counterbalanced. 
 
 The point (d' priuH' importance however in the first instance, 
 is to obtain a complete knowledge of the haunts and habits of 
 the insect under discussion, and as a sniall contribution towards 
 this end these notes are submitted. 
 
 Mr. (ji. M. Dodge of (jlencoe County, Nebra.>«ka. has published 
 a theory relative to the cause or motive of the migrations of the 
 locust, in the CtnuiiUnn Kiitoniohxjint for IS?;'). Mr. Dodge 
 has kindly favoured me with an explanation of this theory. He 
 writes : " I find the insects to be double brooded, flying north in 
 spring to roar a second brood in a region not already devastated. 
 The resulting brood flies south late in autumn, and deposit eggs 
 that lie over winter. This regular moveuiei>* is complicated by 
 the fact that if the insects of brood first, hatching as far north 
 as this place, should fly north, their progeny might be destroyed 
 by frost; consequently I find that all hatching here or further 
 
8 
 
 "J 
 
 I' 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 north (of brood first) fly south to rear the brood second. I 
 believe with yourself tlwit their natural iiahitation is the plains 
 east of the mountains, and think that f i.eir occasional invasion 
 of the States is due to the prcvaiiin*^ winds." Al'tcr p;iving 
 several instances from Nebraska boarinp^ on his tlieory, Mr. 
 Dodge, referring to my Notes on the liocust Invasion of 1874, 
 says: "In your items from various localities, I find a point that 
 bears directly upon the double brooded character of the insect, 
 but which may have cscajjcd your notice. In the notes from 
 Fort Ellicc, Hcadingly, Kockwood, Scratcliing River, Winnipeg, 
 Stone Fort, and St. Anne's, eirus are said to have hatched in 
 autumn ; tmd in <'<ifh ccse grasshoppers are reported as coming 
 from the soitfh early in the season. These were of course of 
 brood first ; brood second coming always i'rom aj northerly direc- 
 tion would deposit eggs for the next spring's brood, and none of 
 them would hatch in autumn." 
 
 I do not t^ ink jNlr. Dodges theory can be accepted in its en- 
 tirety, though the loeur;t may occasionally complete two genera- 
 tions in one season, when the circumstances would no doubt be 
 as abo\e supposed. Certain it is, however, that southern swarms 
 seldom if ever reach the country north of the -lUth parallel in 
 time to allow a second brood to reach maturity, even if the eggs 
 hatcli in sun)mer or autumn. The date of arrival of the first 
 swarms in Manitoba in 1874 was considered exceptionally early, 
 and yet it is believed that all t';eir progeny hatching during the 
 autumn were destroyed by irost. 
 
 The Hon. D. Gunn has favoured me with the following histor- 
 ical notes on the grasshopper, going back to the earliest settle- 
 ment of the Red River country : 
 
 " The first appearance of the locusts in this land, of which we 
 have any account, took place on the 18th of July, 1818, six 
 years after the commencement of the colony. At that period of 
 the season the wheat was well advanced towards maturity, and 
 sufiiciently strong to resist the voracious destroyers. But it 
 fared otherwise with the barley. The locusts attacked the 
 plants a lew inches below the ear, and cut them off as neatly as 
 if cut oft' by the hand of m:iu with a pair of shears. However 
 on this occasion nothing was lost ; every ear that fell to the 
 ground was carefully gathered up. The potatoes were injured 
 to some extent, but all garden vegetables were devoured. Their 
 eggs deposited, incited by instinct or pressed by hunger, they 
 
 ■■-'•'■'■-"-'•-»'■■»''*«•"*• ■*■■-- " 
 
d second, I 
 is the plains 
 inal invasion 
 Al'tor jj;iving 
 theory, Mr. 
 ion of 1H74, 
 
 1 a point that 
 )i' the insect, 
 
 2 notes I'rom 
 !r, Winnipeg, 
 ! hatched in 
 d as coming 
 
 of course of 
 rtherly dircc- 
 , and none of 
 
 ted in its en- 
 i two genera- 
 no doubt be 
 thern swarms 
 1 parallel in 
 n if the eggs 
 1 of the first 
 ionally early, 
 lu; during the 
 
 owing histor- 
 irliest settle- 
 
 of which we 
 1818, six 
 lat period of 
 laturity, and 
 ers. But it 
 attacked the 
 F as neatly as 
 However 
 t fell to the 
 were injured 
 lired. Their 
 hunger, they 
 
 departed. In the following spring the young locusts began to 
 appear, and before the latter end of May, 1819, the whole 
 country was literally covered with tl'"!m, and the rising crops of 
 every kind entirely devoured. These in due time left to invade 
 some other region. The opinion of the settlers who were here 
 at the time was that they flew to the north and were driven by 
 a strong south wind into Lake Winnipeg and drowned in such 
 great numbers that the waves heaped them up. in some parts of 
 the western shore, to a depth of several feet. As soon as these 
 had taken their flight, fresh swarms poured in from the south- 
 west, but found nothing to dmour but the stinted natunl grasses 
 of the plains, which their predecessors had eaten to the very 
 roots. Notwithstanding the suautiness of their diet, they depo- 
 sited th(!ir e^irs in ;;reat numbers, which the warmth of the fol- 
 lowing s])ring ushered into life. At the usual time, the latter 
 end of July and first week of August, they disappeared, and 
 from 1820 to 1857 the country was free from the inrouds of 
 these formidable destroyers. In 1857 a considerable swarm of 
 locusts visited the settlements on the lower Assiniboine in the 
 latter end of July, but these did not extend in any considerable 
 numbers towards lovv(.>r Fort Garry. They deposited their eggs 
 over what is now known as IleaJingly and White Horse Plain 
 parishes, and in the spring ol' 1858 the young progerty dcatroyed 
 the crops in the above-mentioned region, say a distance of twelve 
 or fifteen miles. These atter they attained their full growth, as 
 usual left the country. In 18G4 another invasion took place, 
 great numbers of them fell on each side of the Assiniboine, and 
 extended down to upper Fort Garry. On the 7tli of July they 
 flew in great numbers over the lower settlement. They were 
 driven by a frcsli breeze froni the west, some of them appealed 
 to be at a great height from the eai th, tiie living mass extending 
 downward to the height of a few feet from the surface, numbers 
 of the lowermost falling continually to the ground. The fore- 
 most part of the cloud began to pass over this place at 10 a.m., 
 and they continued flying for home time after 2 p.m., and during 
 the time of their flight they had fallen in such numbers that 
 from twelve to twenty were counted on a square foot of surface. 
 After a short rest, those which had alighted on ploughed lands 
 and on barren spots moved into corn-fields and began feeding 
 on the leaves of the wheat plant, and according to their usual 
 habit cut off the heads of the barley. Here I had an opportu- 
 

 I 
 
 10 
 
 nity of observing that, as a rule, they do not pass the night, 
 under ordinary circumstances, on the ground, but clirab upon 
 pickets, fencing, and on every other object on which tliey can 
 roost. Oil the tenth of July they were seen pairing and deposit- 
 ing their ova. In the first week of September they disappeared. 
 In the beginning of May, 18G5, tlie young ones began lo appear. 
 On the 9th ol' June, 18G5. a swarm of locusts came Irom the 
 Boutli. They extended IVom the west side of Lake IManitoba to 
 Fort Alexander on tho east. They fell in gretit numbers in 
 that lake and on its ('astern shore, but were very sparsely scat- 
 tered over the country to tiie east of the above body of water. 
 However those which were hatched in the spring, and those that 
 came in June did not seriously injure the growing crops, and 
 the farmeis reaped an abundant harvest. In 1S(J7 the locusts 
 made their appearance in very great numbers, but came about 
 the boginuing of August, and consequently did not do much 
 injury to the wheat crops, but many of the f irmers had hard 
 work to save the barley and oats. These, according to their 
 habit, deposited their eggs in gieat numbers, and departed to 
 die in Mime other place, either to the east or southeast of this 
 place. The river ice began to br. ak up on the li 1th of April, 
 1808, and on the Ttli of IMav I took the i'ollowing note : ' (jr.iss- 
 hoppers moving about, color pale vvliite, not much bigger than 
 fleas.' On the 22nd of tlie same month their numbers had 
 greatly increased, and some had become brown. They evidently 
 continued coming out of the ground during the whole month of 
 May, and a few jierhaps during the first ten days of June. All 
 the grain of every kind that was growing was eaten up by them 
 before they took tlieir departure, which was in tin; end of July 
 and during the first week of August. After this none were 
 seen until 1872, when on the 5th of August they appeared. By 
 the 12th they had become very numerous, and on the 14th they 
 were depositing their eggs. In the first week of September many 
 of them had taken their departure, and all disappeared by the 
 last of that month. Their offspring began to appear about the 
 middle of May, and by the middle of June the whole country 
 was literally covered with them, no grain had been sown, the 
 potatoe vines had been consumed, and even the pasture on the 
 plains suff"ered greatly frop. their ravages. However they left 
 about the usual time. The next and last visitation we had from 
 these living plagues was in July, 1874. On the 17th immense 
 
»s the ni^ht, 
 , clirab upon 
 lich they can 
 r and deposit- 
 disappoiircd. 
 ;an to appear, 
 nic iVoni the 
 Manitoba to 
 :, numbers in 
 sparsely scat- 
 tody of water, 
 itid those that 
 lu; croi)s, and 
 1)7 tlie locusts 
 t came about 
 not do much 
 ers had hard 
 linu; to their 
 (1 departed to 
 li-east of this 
 >Aih of April, 
 lote : ' Gr.iss- 
 biL;gcr than 
 iiunibt;rs had 
 Miey (ividciitly 
 lole mouth, of 
 fjune. All 
 n up by them 
 ! end of July 
 lis uoiu! were 
 ppeared. By 
 the 14th they 
 ptember many 
 scared by the 
 ear about the 
 ivhole country 
 cen sown, the 
 asture on the 
 iQver they left 
 n we had from 
 17th immense 
 
 11 
 
 swarms for some hours flew over the city of Winnipej*; at the 
 same time thousands of them were coming to the ground. In 
 a few days after they extended their excursion to Lake Winni- 
 peg, but numbers of them left before they had deposited their 
 eggs. Yot millions of eggs were deposited, but as the last 
 spring, 1875, was very late, the ground kept cold during the 
 most part of the month of May. thi- locusts were very late in 
 being hatched; some made th(!ir appearance ;ibout the 10th of 
 May, and others us late as the last week in that month. They 
 were numerous in some places ; however I am of opinion that if 
 the people had made a combined effort to destroy them during 
 the first and second weeks of th'.'ir existence, could not have 
 failed in destroying many of them, and would by so doing, had 
 they sown or planted, have raised both who.it and potatoes. 
 Most people however became discouraged, and could not be per- 
 suaded to make the least effort to rid the land of the plague." 
 
 I have to thank tne various gentlemen who have kindly re- 
 plied in answer to my circular asking inform;ition, and beg to 
 suggest, that in .-ill cases of the appi'arancc; of the locust, careful 
 notes be kept as to dates, directions of flight, &c. 
 
 In the subjoined digest of the more important items received 
 from the various localities, the places are arranged in order 
 from west to east. 
 
 Fort McLcod, North-xoest Tcrritorij. (K. B. Merritt. M.D.) 
 No young insects observed. Foreign swarms arrived July 19th 
 from tiie south- vvcst, and continued passing, or on the ground — 
 though most of them went on — till about August 25th ; went 
 north- westward. Eggs were depo. ited and some known to have 
 hatched in the autumn. No cultivation here, but 25 per cent, 
 of prairie grass eaten. Mr. Merritt adds : " In April, 1876, 
 many young black hoppers seen around Fort McLcod. On my 
 trip from Bow lliver, I saw a tract of country 70 miles wide 
 covered with young grasshoppers. They appeared to be eating 
 the grass, and only moving when disturbed." 
 
 MorlryinUe, Bow River, K W. T. (J. Macdougall.) Pro- 
 duced here from the egg, hatching May 20th. Left in August 
 going southward. A great swarm arrived on the wing from the 
 northward about August 10th, the main body passed overhead 
 
t 
 
 
 .) ; 
 
 I' i 
 
 12 
 
 Id about six hours going southward, while some remaiued several 
 days on the ground. Some eggs deposited. Crops, represented 
 by a small putcli of potatoes, were not hurt, 
 
 Ijoio River, N. W. T. (J. Brown.) Produced here from 
 the egg, hatching about the first of May ; flew south-eastward 
 from Oot. 1st to 15th. Winged swarms arrived late in July or 
 about lirst of iVugust, from the north and north- west, j>assing on 
 for the most part, but depositing some- oggs. Tlie small quantity 
 of crops put in were lost. Wild gnsses in many places much 
 injured, though bunch-grass of mountains untouched. Jl^ggs 
 hatched spring of 1870, and insects on July 25th almost ready 
 to fly. 
 
 riuius ietu'cdi Fort McLeod and Edmonton, N. W.T. (Rev. 
 Con.stantinc Scollen.) Produced in large numbers from the 
 egg, hatching abi)ut June 1st. Left toward the latter part of 
 August, going nortli and north-east. Groat swarms ai)[»eared 
 on the wing from the south .-ind south-west August 1st, some 
 alighting and others continuing their flight. CDtitinutid arriving 
 till August 1 5th. and departing north and north-east, those pro- 
 duced in the country accompanying them. Eggs deposited 
 during latter part of August, none known to have hatched in 
 autumn. Ma. Scolien adds : "I may remark that the grass- 
 hopper during the last fourye^irs it has visited this country, has 
 always eome from and gone on in the same direction. They 
 have- always stopped about GO miles south of Edmonton, perhaps 
 owing to the densely wooded country in that vicinity." No 
 cultivation in this region. 
 
 Edmonton, N. W. T. (R. Hardisty.) The locust did not 
 appear here. Mr. Hardisty writing from an experience of 
 twenty years, .^tates that he has never known the insect to appear 
 at Edmonton, though he has often seen them in large numbers 
 about fitly miles south of that place. Edmonton is about forty 
 miles from the northern edge of the plains, and separated from 
 them by country well xoooded with small poplar and pine, and 
 having many small lakes, and swamps with strong heavy grass. 
 
 Country between Battle and Red Deer Rivers, N.W.T. (W. 
 McKay.) Grasshoppers did not appear in this region during 
 the summer of 1875. 
 
 Jjozeman, Montana . (J, Wright.) Not produced from the 
 egg. Arrived on the wing, appearing first on the 8th of J uly, 
 but continued passing overhead in large swarms from the east 
 for some time. 
 
 1 1 • i 
 
 riiiii'm^iiifiMiiiniii.i 
 
emained several 
 ops, represented 
 
 aced here from 
 south-eastward 
 late in July or 
 vest, passing on 
 3 snjall quantity 
 ny places much 
 ouchtd. Kfrgs 
 th almost ready 
 
 N.W.T. (Rev. 
 ibers from the 
 ! latter part of 
 *varnis a[)peared 
 igust 1st,, some 
 tinufid arriving 
 ■east, those pro- 
 Eggs deposited 
 jve hatched in 
 that the grass- 
 lis country, has 
 roction. They 
 lion ton, perhaps 
 vicinity." No 
 
 locust did not 
 
 experience of 
 insect to appear 
 
 large numbers 
 1 is about forty 
 ieparated from 
 
 and pine, and 
 ]; heavy grass. 
 
 N.W.T. (\V. 
 
 region during 
 
 luced from the 
 
 le 8th of J uly, 
 
 from the east 
 
 13 
 
 Victnrui, Saskatchewan, N.W.T. (Chas. Adams.) Did not 
 appear here. 
 
 I Carhton Home, N.W.T. (L. Clarke.) Did not appear in 
 
 this vicinity. Mr. Clarke writes : " From traders I have learned 
 that grasshoppers appeared in great numbers about 130 miles to 
 the south-west of Carleton. Again, they were seen to the south- 
 east of Touchwood Hills as fur cast as Fort Pelly, destroying 
 the crops at that station. 
 
 Touchwood Hills Post, N. W. T. (R. W. Ells, Geological 
 Survey of Canada.) Not produced from the egg here, but ar- 
 rived on the wing, flying north-west. Very numerous July 30. 
 Mr. Ells did not see any grasshoppers west of the Touchwood 
 
 Hills. 
 
 Fort Qa'AppcIle, N.W.T. (W. J. McLean.) Not produced 
 hero from the c(xq;. Full grown insects appeared in myriads, 
 Juno ITtli, coming from the south. 
 
 Fort Fil/i/, N. W. T. (A. McBeatli.) Not hatched here. 
 Swarms arrived on the wing, July liOth, from the south, and 
 pas.scd on northward. All crops destroyed. Eggs deposited, 
 and none hatched in antumn. Mr. McBeatli writes, — After the 
 grasshoppers made their appearance here on the 20th of July, 
 their progress was very slow. The Mounted Police barracks are 
 some ton miles north of this place, yet they took two weeks to 
 reach there. For a time it appeared that this place was the end 
 of their journey, and they diminished very slowly. Many were 
 killed by the frost. As far as I could learn they did not go 
 further north than about 30 miles from here. Shortly after 
 their arrival they began depositing their eggs, and dying, till 
 the ground was covered with their dead bodies. 
 
 Swan Rlvor B<trrachs, Pdhj, N.W.T. (lat. 5r 53', long. 
 101' 59'. J. H, Kittson, M.D.) Not produced here, arrived 
 on the wing July 27, from the south. Continued passing till 
 Aug. 20, going in a direction north-west by north. Some re- 
 ^ mained, and eggs in considerable quantity deposited. Late in 
 autumn insects remaining after depositing eggs were destroyed 
 by small red parasites. 
 
 Fort Ellice, N W.T. (A. McDonald and R. W. Ells.) Pro- 
 duced here from the egg, hatching about May 6th, By June 
 7th all growing crops destroyed. Left in the beginning of 
 
u 
 
 *. 
 
 August, going south-cast. On June 13th swarms arrived on 
 the wing from tlie south or south-east, and at once began to 
 deposit eggs. The first that arrived did not remain long on the 
 ground. A second swarm arrived on the 10th of July, and 
 about two days afterwards a third lot appeared. These also 
 deposited eggs, the last remaining till the beginning of Septem- 
 ber. All crops destroyed — oats and barley. No eggs hatched in 
 autumn. Mr. Ells writes tliat eggs were depo.sitod at Fort 
 Ellice as early as the 20th of June. 
 
 ^Sivoii Lake House, N.W.T. (D. McDonald.) A few locusts 
 observ'id to arrive on the wing about July 10th, coming from 
 south by south-west. Those appear to have deposited some eggs 
 which hatching in September produced young insects which were 
 either frozen, or took flight August first, in a direction between 
 south and east. No crops destroyed, the locusts having arrived 
 late and in small numbers. 
 
 Manitoba House, X. W. T. (J. Cowie, J. P.) Produced 
 here from the egg, hatcliing about June !>tli. Left about tlie 
 end of July, goiag north. 8warm» also arrived on the wing, 
 some remaining on the ground, and some passing over. From 
 the middle of June till the end of July they came with every 
 south-east wind, the latest remaining altogether, the earlier 
 swarms going north. Mr. Cowie writes: " The young before 
 taking wing marched through the settlement from S. to N., and 
 destroyed all the crops except potatoes. Some returned on foot 
 going soutli, and some remained until able to fly." 
 
 Fort Totttn, Dahota. (Dr. J. B. Ferguson.) No locusts 
 hatched here. Foreign swarms appeared July 19, coming from 
 the north, and departing finally about July 22 or 23 ; going 
 southward. Little damage done to crops. No eggs deposited. 
 Dr. Ferguson writes: — The 19th of July is the date when 
 locusts first appeared here in large numbers and alighted on the 
 ground. Swarms were seen passing over before this date, but 
 no note made of the exact day. Those that came on the 19th 
 remained 3 or -t days, and then left. It rarely happens that a 
 swarm passes without some coming down, while others already 
 here appear to rise and join them in the air. In this way even 
 after the great body of locusts has passed, considerable numbers 
 remain behind, and do not entirely disijpear for from 10 to 12 
 days, and sometimes even longer. 
 
 «l 
 
 ) !. 
 
s arrived on 
 )ncc began to 
 n long on the 
 of July, and 
 These also 
 11^ of Septem- 
 ,t:.s liatched in 
 to J at Fort 
 
 A few locusts 
 coming from 
 ed some eggs 
 ts which were 
 ction between 
 uving arrived 
 
 .) Produced 
 eft about the 
 on the wing, 
 over. From 
 \e with every 
 r, the earlier 
 young before 
 8. to N., and 
 irned on foot 
 
 No locusts 
 coming from 
 )r 23 ; going 
 ;gs deposited, 
 e date when 
 ghted on the 
 ;his date, but 
 on the 19th 
 ppens that a 
 ;hers already 
 his way even 
 able numbers 
 cm 10 to 12 
 
 15 
 
 I Wuodside, Man. (Thos. Collins) Produced here from the 
 
 ' egg, hatching from abo :t the 20th of May till the end of June. 
 Most took their departure about the middle of July, but a con- 
 siderable number remained till the first week in August. Went 
 south-eastward. A winged swarm arrived from west-north-west 
 about the third week in July; remained a short time and de- 
 parted south-eastward. Whole grain crop destroyed, estimated 
 at 6,700 bushels for Woodside, Pine Creek, and Squirrel Creek. 
 A few potatoes escaped. Very few eggs deposited. 
 
 Westhoitnie, Man. (P. Garriock.) Produced here from the 
 egg, hatching from the 10th to the IHth of May. Began their 
 departure about 1st of July, and continued leaving till some 
 time in August, going south-e:ist. Great swarms were observed 
 at two or three diiferent times, many alighting, while the rest 
 passed on. These arrived about the first of July, coming as a 
 rule from the north-west and going south-east. Disappeared 
 during latter part of July and first of August. Grain crop 
 would probably have amounted to -4000 or 5000 bushels, but all 
 destroyed except about 50 bushels. Few eggs deposited. Mr. 
 Garriock writes: — Some time in the beginning of June, if I re- 
 member rightly, great swarms of grasshoppers, (juite different in 
 colour and size from all that had ever visited this country, came 
 from due south, and ]>assed on to the north-west. Great numbers 
 alighted, but after remaining but a few hours, they rose again, 
 and followed the njain body. They appeared to us to be a very 
 peculiar species of the detestable grasshopper, in size at least one- 
 third larger ihan the pest with which we have become too well 
 acquainted, and of leaden colour. 
 
 Bitrttsulc, Miin. (K. McKenzie.) Produced here from the 
 egg, hatching from the 10th to the 24th of May on warn) sandy 
 ridges, I'rom that date till the middle of June in heavier cold 
 soils. Jjclt from July 8th to about first week in August, dis- 
 appearing gradually, but generally going east or north-east. 
 Winged s.varms arrived in July, and for the most part passed 
 overhead. Came from west or south-west, and left generally 
 eastward. A few arrived on the wing durhig the first week in 
 June. In Pnlestine district whole crop destroyed. In Portage, 
 High Bluif, and Poplar Point districts, about 40,000 bushels of 
 grain harvested, probably about one-tenth of the crop. Potatoes 
 gave about cue-fourth crop. No eggs deposited here. Mr. 
 
 I 
 
16 
 
 i 
 
 k 
 
 McKcnzie says it is reported tli.it Cfrj;a were deposited west of 
 Manitoba Lake, about one hundred miles north-west of Burnside. 
 
 Portngv la J*r(tin(!, Man. (C. Mair, J. Cowan, M.P.P.) 
 Produced liero from the c^<j;, iiMtchinjj: from the middle of IMay 
 to middle of June. Began to leave about middle of July, u;oing 
 ouuih-east. Wini^ed swarms passed overhead from the latter 
 part of July till the middle of August, comiuj^ generally from 
 the south-west and going south-east : few alighted. Two-thirds 
 to four-fifths of crop destroyed. In Portage la Prairie, Electoral 
 Division, Mbout 12 miles square, the grain crop should have been 
 200,(M»0 bushels; 4<),(H)(> bushels actually harvested. In High 
 Bluff Electoral JJivision, loss greater in proportion, only 10,000 
 bushels of grain saved and a half crop of potatoes. Mr. Cowan 
 writes that some winged swarms appeared from the south early 
 in June, long before those hatched here could tiy. 
 
 High lihiff, Man. (J. A. K. Drummond) Produced here 
 from the egg, hutching May 15th to June 15th. Left about the 
 middle of July, going for the most part south-east. A winged 
 sw;irm arrived i'rom the west July 19th, and swarms continued 
 arriving from this direction, and departing, generally south east- 
 ward till the latter part of August. Greater part of crops de- 
 stroyed. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Gladstone, Man. (C. P. Brown.) Produced here from the 
 egg, hatching June ;ind July. Left about the last of August, 
 going south-eastward. About July 17th a few winged swarms 
 arrived from the west, leaving in same direction as those pro- 
 duced here. Crop, amounting to from 20,000 to 30,000 bushels 
 destroyed. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Poplar Point, Man. (L. W. McLean.) Produced from the 
 egg, hatching from the 20th of May till the 10th of June. 
 Took flight about the 2nd of July, and continued flying till the 
 10th of August or thereabout ; went south-east. Some swarms 
 seen on the wing at dates above given were supposed to have 
 hatched in the western and north-western parts of the province, 
 or beyond the province line. These appear to have mingled 
 with those produced in the locality itself, in their flight. Only 
 crops planted, potatoes, which generally gave pretty good re- 
 turns. No eggs deposit -jd. 
 
 ( 
 hen 
 end 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
•ositcd west of 
 ist of Burnside. 
 
 3wan, M.P.P.) 
 iniddlo of M.'iy 
 of July, t^oing 
 cm tlio latter 
 U'cnerally from 
 1. Two-tliirds 
 lirie, Electoral 
 )uld have been 
 cd. Ill High 
 1, only 10,000 
 . Mr. Cowan 
 ic south early 
 
 :*roduced here 
 Left about the 
 t. A winged 
 •ms continued 
 lly south cast- 
 of crops de- 
 
 icrc from the 
 it of August, 
 nged swarms 
 as those pro- 
 JjOOO bushels 
 
 leed from the 
 )th of June, 
 ying till the 
 5ome swarms 
 osed to have 
 the province, 
 ave mingled 
 light. Only 
 tty good re- 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 Oak Point, Mdiiifnha Lake, Man. (J. Clarke.) Produced 
 here from tho egg, hatching about June first. Left about the 
 end of July, going .south west. No winged swarms observed to 
 arrive. No grain sown. I'otatoi^s and hay meadows consider- 
 ably damaged. No eggs known to have been deposited. 
 
 Pigeon Lake, Man. (J. M. Ilaure.) Produced here from 
 the egg, hatching from 15th of May till 15th of July. Com- 
 menced flying July 10th, and continued leaving till the middle 
 of August, going south and south-east. Foreign sv rms seen at 
 various time — first on July 1st — passing overhead. These came 
 from south and south-west, and went north-westward as a rule. 
 No grain raised in Parish of Frangois Xavier. No eggs known 
 to have been deposited. 
 
 ^SV. Fran<pis Xav'ur West, Man. (F. Dauphenais.) Pro- 
 duced here from the o<i<x, hatching early in May. Began to 
 leave about the 10th of July, going south. Locusts arrived on 
 the wing from the south-west about the 25tli of July. Said to 
 have kept coming and going, occasionally alighting. Left early 
 in August, going south. Three-fourths of crop in the parish 
 destroyed. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Jleadhig/i/, Man. (J. Taylor.) Produced here from the 
 egg, hatching obout the end of May. Left from the middle to 
 the end of August, going southward. Winged swarms arrived 
 from various directions, but more especially from tlic south. 
 Myriads lit about the 20th of July. Es'entually flew southward 
 with those hatched here. Tliree-(juarters of crop, or probably 
 about 10,000 bushels destroyed. No eggs deposited. 
 
 ^St. Charles, Man. (A. Murray, M.P.P.) Produced here 
 from the egg, hatching from about the 10th of May to July 1st 
 in successive swarms. On arriving at maturity went south-east- 
 ward. About July 10th winged swarms arrived from the west, 
 and left in the same direction as those produced here, the latter 
 in many cases risintr and minirlintr with them. Entire iirain 
 crop destroyed, and only a few inferior potatoes harvested. No 
 eggs deposited. 
 
 Jiorkicood, Mitn. (J. Robinson.) Produced here from the 
 egg, hatching about the middle of June. Left about the last of 
 August, goinir south-east. Swarms passed overhead about July 
 first, coming from the south. All crojs destroyed. 
 

 i 
 
 18 
 
 West Li/iinc^ Man. (IT. G. Lewis.) Producod hero from tho 
 <5gg> hatchinj; about the 2()th of May, and leaving southward 
 toward the end of July. Swarms are said to have arrived from 
 the south, and to have left ajjjain goinj; southward, about the date 
 last given. Two-thirds of crop destroyed. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Selkirk, Man. (A. A. Ross.) Produced here from the egg, 
 hatching from the KUh of May, till the 10th of July. Left iu 
 latter part of July, going south-t'iistward. A few swarms arrived 
 on the wing and alighted on (he 2!)th of July. These left with 
 those produced in the district. Scarcely any grain sown. Pota- 
 toes put in late, were harvested without much damage. No eggs 
 deposited. 
 
 Winnipeg, Man. (Wm. Hespeler, F. Cornish, C. Inkster.) 
 Produced here from the egg, hatching during latter part of May 
 and first of June. Began to leave iu second week iu July, going 
 as a rule south and south-east. Winged swarms from the north- 
 west observed about the middle of July ; generally passing over- 
 head without alighting. Flew in same direction witli those 
 batched here. Little crop put in, and more than three-fourths 
 of that destroyed. No eggs deposited. 
 
 St. Boniface, Afon. (Hon. M. A. Girard) Produced here 
 from the egg, beginning to appear in May. Left during August, 
 going eastward. From the 15th of July to the 15th of August 
 other swarms arrived from the south and west, and for the most 
 part passed overhead going north and east. Few eggs deposited. 
 Twenty-four twenty-tifths of crop destroyed. 
 
 St. Norhert, Man. (J. Lemay.) Produced here from the 
 egg, hatching about the middle of May. Began leaving about 
 the 22nd July, going west. Nine-tenths of crop, amounting to 
 about 25,000 bushels, destroyed. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Parish of St. Vital, Man. (S. Hamilton.) Produced here 
 from the egg, beginning to hatch out early in May. Left about 
 the end of August, going south-south-east. Some swarms ar- 
 rived on the wing about the 15th and 20th of June from the 
 north-westward, and left at about the same time, and in the 
 same direction, as those produced here. All crops, save a few 
 fields of pease, destroyed. Eggs deposited during the summer, 
 but young insects hatched and destroyed by frost. 
 
 ' ■ijtWir i« .W a«itet4 
 
J 
 
 19 
 
 hero from tho 
 iu^ southward 
 5 arrived from 
 about tho date 
 ('8 deposited. 
 
 a from the egg, 
 July. Left iu 
 swanus arrived 
 :hese left with 
 ,11 sown. Pota- 
 iiago. No eggs 
 
 li, C. Inkstcr.) 
 tor part of May 
 c iu July, going 
 from the north- 
 ly passing over- 
 ion with those 
 an three-fourths 
 
 Produced here 
 during August, 
 1 5th of August 
 id for the most 
 eggs deposited. 
 
 here from the 
 U leaving about 
 
 ,, amounting to 
 lited. 
 
 Produced here 
 ay. Left about 
 
 )me swarms ar- 
 I June from the 
 [me, and in the 
 lops, save a few 
 Ig the summer, 
 
 St. Vifaf. Mnn. (A. Oaudry) Locust.i hatclicd here about 
 about the tirst of June, and on obtaining their wings left, going 
 florth-east. Foreign swarms not mentioned. 
 
 Mlddlr ('/iiirch, Man. (J. Clouston.) Produced here from 
 the egg, hatching from about May 1.5th till Juno 15th. Left in 
 August, going south ; all gone before August 15th. No foreign 
 swarms mentioned. All crops sown were lost. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Litth' Jiritdin, M<ni. (lion. D. Guim) Produced hero from 
 the egg, hatching from about May 7th till the middle of June, 
 and a few even later. Some began to fly off about July 20th, 
 others between that date and tho 20th of August, and a few .seen 
 as late as the Sth or Idtli of St'pteinber. At first a few flew to 
 the north, but returned, and all at length flew to the east and 
 south-ea.^t. Very little grain sown, and all destroyed. No eggs 
 deposited. Mr. (lunn writes that some eggs were deposited in 
 the vicinity of Lake Winnipeg in the autumn of 1875. 
 
 Lower Fort (hwry, Man. (V\'^m. Flett) Produced iiere from 
 the egg, hatching during the greater part of the month of May. 
 Most left during the latter part oi July, thougii some still to be 
 found till about middle of August; generally went south-east. 
 No foreign swarms. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Sju-ingJii'JJ, Man. (F. Dick) Produced here from the egg, 
 hatching May 15th to June 1st. Left during latter part of July 
 and August, going south-east. About July 15th swarms ap- 
 peared from west and north-west, and continued to pass over, 
 alighting sometimes for the night, till about August Gth. In 
 Electoral District of Springfield only about 700 acres sown. 
 Crop saved on 25 acres only and even this much damaged. 
 
 Eagles N^est, Man. (J. Monkman.) Produced here from 
 the egg, hatching from Ma- 20th to July 15th. Left July 15th, 
 going east-south-east. Wiuged swarms obsorved to pass over- 
 head, some alighting. First noticed July 1st, and continued 
 until August. Came from west-north-west, and went east-south- 
 east. No eggs deposited. 
 
 Cook's Creek, Man. (G. Miller.) Produced here from the 
 egg, hatching about the first of May. Departed about the first 
 of August, going south-east. Swarms also passed overhead 
 about August first, coming from the north-west, and going in the 
 clirection aforesaid. Total destruction of crops. 
 
\ 
 
 i 
 
 Vt 
 
 . 2« 
 
 CrookHton, Minn. (E. M. Walsh.) A few locusts produced 
 here from tho. c<^'^, liatchiiig from May Ifjth to .June 1 0th. 
 Left July ir)th. ^'oitij:^ south imd south-east. These did little 
 damage. Swarms appeared ou t!io witi^ I'.om the north, and 
 passed south-eastward, about July 20th, Crops not injured. 
 No ejigs deposited. 
 
 Northwest Augh', La/cc o/' the Woodn. (M.M.Thompson.) 
 No locusts hatched here. Swarms arrived on the wini; about 
 August iirst from the north-west, and left at;ain about the 20th 
 of Au<:;ust, j^oing south-east. Only crops put in potatoes, which 
 were nearly all destroyed. No eggs or young insects observed ia 
 the autumn. 
 
 Mr, Thompson writes that these notes will apply equally to 
 Broken J/fdil, White, Mouthy and Birch Riuer. These are 
 stations in the wooded district east of tho Red Kiver Prairie^ 
 and on the road between Winnipeg and Lake of the Woods. 
 
 I 
 
 ,1 
 
 ■^ 
 
locUHtfl produced 
 I to Jutie 10th. 
 Tliesc (lit! little 
 tlio north, and 
 ops not injured. 
 
 . M. Thompson.) 
 the winj; about 
 
 1 about the 2()th 
 potatoes, which 
 
 sects observed in 
 
 apply equally to 
 ver. These are 
 \ River Prairie^ 
 the Woods. 
 
 1 
 
 i. 
 
 i