^<^^^ Ask the Member for your Constituency in tlie Local Legislature to support 
 ^ Mr. Middletons's Bill at next Session. 
 
 QE£/iRTIV|E|«TAL STORES. 
 
 THE MODERN CURSE TO LABOR AND CAPITAL THEY RUIN 
 CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, AND THE FARMING 
 
 COMMUNITY, 
 
 WHO ARE INTERESTED? 
 
 /. All men and women whose liueiihood depends on their weekly earn- 
 'ingSi and who wish to see a liuing wage standard maintained in this Country, 
 
 2. All citizens who desire honesty, integrity, and stability in business, 
 Jostead of dishonesty, deception and demoralization. 
 
 3. All owners of real estate, whether of house or store property, who 
 desire that such may be occupied and made more valuable to the owners ana 
 to the community. 
 
 4. All wholesale and retail merchants, for the monopolization of trade 
 -by a few concerns in any city, means that these important classes with their 
 army of employes will be crowded out. 
 
 5. All municipal governments of cities, towns and villages; for if 
 departmental stores are not abolished or restrained in some way, wholesale 
 ruin of business property follows, causing great loss in civic taxes, loss of 
 jyopulation, and consequently higher burdens on house-owners and small 
 holders of property, 
 
 6. All physicians, lawyers, and other professional people 
 whose callings are affected according as the masses of the peop-c 
 become impoverished by curtailment of opportunities of earning 
 ....utnoney ; which is the direct result of departmental stores. 
 
 Wherever department stores exist they form a barrier between the 
 people and prosperity. They endeavor to monopolize all trades — to drive out 
 every other man and woman from business life. The effect is to leave many 
 thousands without employment as little work is created for those displaced. 
 Every one knows that the bulk of the business in departmental stores is 
 conducted by child labor and poorly paid young men and women. Living 
 salaries are paid only to heads of departments and even they sometimes 
 merely exist. Of all monopolies department stores are the most dangerous, 
 most pernicious, and most injurious to the general welfare of the community 
 The Ontario Legislature has been aroused in the matter. Hon. A. S. 
 Hardy, Premier of the Province, has admitted that the subject is a serious 
 one, and a bill has been framed which will curtail some of the immense 
 advantages that these monopolies now enjoy, to the detriment of public 
 welfare. This bill is to be introduced at the next session of the Legislature 
 and until then there must of necessity be an educational crusade. The 
 
 ;(Copvright). Dudgeon & Thornton, Printers, lOj AJelaide St. Efst, Toront:, 
 
people and their representatives in the Local House must be awakened 
 to a full understanding of the danger of allowing these grasping concerns, 
 to become stronger year by year, and force thousands more out of employ- 
 ment in wholesale and in retail houses, and in manufacturing establish^ 
 ments in this city, and throughout the Province. Public sentiment must 
 be aroused sufficiently to stir our Legislature to decisive action, for if the 
 situation is once thoroughly understood the battle is won. 
 
 The leader of the opposition, Mr. Whitney, Q.C., is also favorable to- 
 this proposed legislation. At the last session of the Legislature, when the 
 matter was under discussion, he expressed sympathy with the principle and 
 remarked that the government would have to protect the various classes^ 
 affected, for whenever one section of the community was injured all partook 
 of the hardships that ensued. Mr. Haycock, leader of the patrons can be- 
 trusted to look after their interests. 
 
 RUINING THE FARMER'S PRICES. 
 
 In this connection we clip the following specimen extract from an 
 advertisement of a Toronto departmental store : 
 
 Best Dairy Butter, regular price - - - - 20c. our price 14c. 
 
 Fresh Eggs, do. do. - - - - 15c. our price lie. 
 
 Turnips, do. do. - - - - 12c. our price 7c. 
 
 • Potatoes, do. do. - - Soc.per bag, our price 19c. 
 
 Flour, do. do. - - $2 per bag, our price $1.40 
 
 Selling farm produce at greatly depressed prices, or less than cost,, 
 merely fls a " leader '' tends to the destruction of good prices not only in 
 Toronto, but elsewhere. It means less money for the farmer. Not content with 
 ruining industrial centers, the department store is even going into compe- 
 tition with the farmer and dairyman. We find it so in Toronto, one large 
 department concern owning a tract of land on which all farm and dairy 
 products are grown for sale in the city. 
 
 Thus, in three ways is the departmental store injuring the farmer: 
 1. By lowering the standard of prices for farm produce in Toronto ; 2. By 
 even going into competition in growing the produce for sale ; 3. By killing 
 business in the towns and villages and reducing the population of these 
 places, which if prosperous, are always good markets for the farmer. 
 
 The influence of the farmer ought, therefore, to be against patronizing 
 those monopolies, and in favor of the proposed legislation to restrict them. 
 
 SERIOUS CONDITION OF AFFAIRS. 
 
 The state of affairs in Toronto and this Province to-day, calls for the 
 serious reflection of every man and woman, and those of the rising genera- 
 tion, who are mature enough to be concerned about their own future. It 
 is impossible for any young man to start in business in city or country over- 
 shadowed by these monopolies, as W. T, Stead says : " Any young man in 
 one line of business would be undersold by these huge concerns, on 
 account of the number of lines they carry, they can sell goods in one line- 
 at cost, and make good the loss by increasing the profits in other depart- 
 ments until they crush the merchants in that line out." Other lines are^ 
 then attacked, crushed out one by one. The ultimate object is to crush 
 all rivals and finally dictate their own prices. The starving of labor i» 
 one secret of their success, and it is useless for anyone to enter their employe 
 
with any hope of the future. The learned professions are over-crowded 
 and these also, are suffering from the departmental store, because 
 its influence is to make the great bulk of the people poorer. To 
 impoverish the masses by destruction of their means of livelihood 
 in existing industries, wholesale, retail and other kinds of establisn- 
 ments must re-act severely on all professions depending more or less- 
 upon the prosperity of the people. What then is a young man to do 
 but look to other lands, for the opportunities that will not be found 
 here, if a few department store millionaries are allowed to run this country. 
 Unless restrained by some decisive legislation, the ultimate influence of the 
 department store will be not only to make the people poorer but to parti- 
 ally depopulate city and country. 
 
 Centuries ago, in some of the old world countries the question was 
 fought out. A few syndicates in some cities threatened to ruin all other 
 businesses and trades, and governments took action. 
 
 In Vienna these places were Hcensed and the departments limited to a 
 certain small number to prevent monopolization of all trades. The result 
 has been so satisfactory to the people that no money influence is able to 
 revoke these laws of Austria and Hungary. 
 
 In London, England, there are several stores run on the same principle,, 
 but the eflect is not so noticeable on account of the great amount of com- 
 merce and traffic there from all quarters of the world, and absence of 
 temporary price cutting methods to destroy rivals and monopolize the field. 
 The situation is quite different from that of a Canadian city and Province 
 where the local needs of the people form the chief sources of commerce and in- 
 dustry. Our more limited commercial sphere is easily demoralized, and must 
 of necessity be protected against unscrupulous capitalists. Every citizen has a. 
 direct influence in this matter. He or she cr.n refuse to patronize department 
 stores. Everyone can assist by personal influence in the agitation until the 
 matter is disposed of in the Legislature. We can influence municipal 
 councils to see that young girls and women are not starved or imposed 
 upon. We have protected them in factories v/e can do so in department stores 
 We can require that advertisements be valid contracts and not mere tricks. 
 to get people into these places. 
 
 HOW THEY RUIN FACTORIES. 
 
 The following graphic pen picture from an American paper gives an 
 idea of department store methods and results. It is true of them wherever 
 found : 
 
 On the banks of the Ohio, in the vicinity of the historic Blennerhasset 
 Island, the ruins of an enormous pottery stand. The buildings once covered 
 many acres and the village near was the home of prosperous artisans. A 
 few years ago this spot teemed with activity. Commercial travellers sent 
 out by the establishment visited every city in the country as well as many 
 in foreign lands. What ruined the business, leaving a plant worth several 
 hundreds of thousands of dollars to rust and decay ? Was it mismanage- 
 ment ^ Yes ; but of so new and novel a character that the shrewdest busi- 
 ness men of the time mistook the shadow for the substance. 
 
 On a morning long to be remembered there appeared at the office of 
 the factory a representative of the department store business. To th& 
 management he said : " Count up the cost of your commercial travellers, 
 the expense of bookkeepers, packers, collectors, your credit man ; interes4i 
 on bank discounts — i.i fact, the expenses of your entire business as eow 
 
conducted, and compare it with selling the output of the pottery to us for 
 spot cash." It was an enticing offer. The deal was consummated — the 
 discharge of various faithful employes, including all of the travelling sales- 
 men, was one of the first results. The established trade of the factory 
 drifted away to other people, and the owners soon found themselves com- 
 pletely at the mercy of the tigers, who then began to dictate terms as to 
 prices. Realizing the dependency of their workmen — for they were 
 humane — and the necessity of keeping the works running to prevent 
 deterioration, the proprietors yielded one point after another until there 
 was no profit in the business. Alarmed at the situation they endeavored to 
 re-obtain former customers, but found that the course pursued by them had 
 greatly reduced the profits of all engaged in the same line. That those 
 Dotteries only most favorably situated both as to supplies and transportation 
 were making any dividends. Crowding the latter, they obtained 
 rates against which the first could not compete, though the difference 
 was so infinitesimal that under former metfiods of business it would 
 have been a matter of no importance. The factory was forced to 
 stop ; the plant a loss to its owners, and the workmen, many of 
 them well advanced in years, told to shift for themselves. What stock 
 there was, left on hand, was purchased by department stores at about fifty 
 per cent, of the cost of production ; the office shutters were put up never 
 again to be *aken down, and Nature resumed its sway in that locality as 
 completely as it had before the discovery of the continent. 
 
 What department stores have done for Toronto already : — 700 stores 
 vacant ; 2,000 men thrown out of employment ; city property depreciated 
 some S :0,000,000 ; lo^s of rents to property owners almost incalculable ; mil- 
 lions in wages lost yearly in city, towns, and country because departmental 
 stores buy largely in Europe where labor is cheapest. Why then patronize 
 them ? 
 
 What departmental stores have done for women and girls : sample ^ 
 of wages paid in sweat shops in Toronto where goods are manufactured ^ 
 uader contract for departmental stores : sweat shop, (investigated), women 
 and girl^ paid 19c. a dozen making mens shirts (and find their own thread); 
 sweat shop (investigated) ; girls paid 25c. dozen for making blouses 
 (find their own thread) ; sweat shop, (investigated), girls paid $1 a week 
 for making coats ; sweat shop (investigated), girls paid 19c. a dozen for 
 making knickerbockers. Amounts allowed on some other goods ; cambric 
 dresses with lined waists, 81.25 per dozen ; night gowns with tucked yokes, 
 SI per dozen ; ladies silk waists, 98c. per dozen ; ladies skirts, 30c. per 
 dozen ; aprons 22c. per dozen ; neckties ^1.25 per gross ; overalls S1.20 
 / per dozen ; flannel shirts 20c. per dozen (girls find their own thread). 
 
 The real " bargains " are blood-stained. The sale may be said to be 
 on account of a fire or something of that sort, but as a matter of reality 
 the under-priced goods have been paid for by somebody, no matter whether 
 bargain-hunters pay the full price or not. Somebody has toiled for too 
 little ; somebody has labored in vain ; somebody's weary hands have fallen 
 idly and forever pulseless because of too little pay ; somebody has suffered 
 to make this "bargain day " ; yet men and women who live by their day's 
 wages, the rich who can afford to buy elsewhere, the harpies who buy 
 •* bargains " to sell again, mingle in one wild rush in a struggle to buy what 
 is being sold for less than cost. 
 
 Read the Barnuina of Business as to tac trickery ot Depaitinental Stores, Published by 
 
 '• Saturday Night." 
 
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