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LABORATORY 
 
 or THK 
 
 INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OTTAWA. CANADA 
 1908 
 
 BULLETIN No. 89 
 
 FLA.VOURlN^Q. 
 
 EXTRACTS 
 
 W. J. Gerald, Esq., Ottawa, September 8, 1903. 
 
 Deputy Miniater of Inland Revenue. 
 
 March 27 iMt. The nature of Teee Ss to^'^"^..'!*'' y*"" in-trucSrf 
 and nwnufacturers, are det«led inTawTl w Wh^ "" "^^ *^' '»*"«' "^ »»>« ve,So« 
 bers of the wmples, as coUected ^ the f ood^ttl^^P!"***^ *° *^ «P«rt- The n^T 
 by means of these numbers the nin^^rff^ 'nspectors, are also given in thi. table. »H 
 
 m Mr. McGiU's report and Ubui:^' fut^^^^C^,^^ '^f''' "naytTr^ 
 bear the following titles :— --lements. ihe latter are mx in number and 
 
 II. Commero;»l Extract of Lemon. 
 T i' S""™®"'"^ Extract of Vanilla. 
 V '^^°^'^g Essences. 
 ITT ^■*°** o* Peppermint. 
 TTTT ^n** °f R«pberry. 
 VII. Essence of Strawberry. 
 
 I have the honour to be, t.ir 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 THOMAS MACFARLANE, 
 
 Chief Analyit. 
 

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LABORATORY OF THE INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Ottawa, Septonbar 4, 190S. 
 TauMAi MAcrARLAHR, Em\., F.R.8.C., ' 
 Chief AnalTit. 
 
 MiK, — I hsve the honuar to huid jou, in t*bul*r foim, with apiieaded notM, the 
 reeolte of work upon » Urge number of Munplt* of lUvouring eMenoea ; m aIio upon two 
 wmplea of corliineal extract, which doe* not properly oonM under this head, betng uaed 
 for colouring rathftr than for flavouring. 
 
 Since no generally accepted ttandarda exiat for the preparation of theae aubstanceN, 
 I have thought it RuiBcient to aaoertain the abaence of matter* dangeroua to health ; and 
 I And nothing that can bt oondemned on this icon-. The question of foreign colouring 
 matter, in its relation to health, must be considered an open one for the present. 
 
 The small quantity of material at my dispanal has prevented fuller investigation in 
 oertain directions. In the event of another collection of like kind, I beg to recc-nmend 
 that officers be instructed to confine their samples to one particular essence or extract at 
 a time, so that fuller juiitice may be done to it. 
 
 In the work recorded I have received very material help from Mr. Lemoine nd 
 Mr. Valin. 
 
 I have the honour to be, sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, • 
 
 A. McOILL. 
 
 COMMBRCIAL EXTRACT OF LbMON. 
 
 Butnee of Lemon. — The B. P. defines a tincture of lemon to be prepared from fresh 
 lemon peel and alcohol of 90 per cent. The finished product would contain about 70 to 
 80 per cent alcohol by volume. 
 
 The U. S. P. defines an essence or spirit of lemon to be made from oil of lemon and 
 lemon peel, macerated with alcohol of 96 per cent The finished product woukl in this 
 case contain a somewhat higher percentage of alcohol ; probably from 80 to 90 per cent 
 by volume. 
 
 Extract of lemon, as used for flarourintf pastry, custards, dec, is a preparation 
 which, so far as I know, has no l^ally defined composition. It is popularly supposed 
 to be prepared like the pharmacopoeal tinctures, by extracting lemon peel with alcohol, 
 or by dissolving oil of lemon in alcohol. 
 
 Oil of lemon is the oil expressed from fresh lemon peel. It consists chiefly of 
 hydrocarbons of the terpene series, but its characteristic flavour is due mainly to an 
 aldehyde, or to a mixture of aldehydea, present to the extent of from 4 to 8 per cent. 
 The principal aldehyde (citral) occurs in commerce under that name ; and much of the 
 lemon extract sold for flavouring purposes is made directly from citral. A very small 
 quantity of citral suffices to give the lemon flavour and an economy of alcohol resnlts 
 from the substitution of citral for oil of lemon ; this last requiring strong alcohol for its 
 solution. 
 
 Commercial citral contains a trace ot oil of lemons. A sample reported in the 
 oooompanying table contained 0*5 per cent. This minute amount (tf oil of lemon, 
 .iocidentally present, cannot be held to make the use of citral equivalent to the use of 
 oil of lemon in the manufacture of extract or essence of lemon. While the flavour of 
 lemon is chiefly due to the citral which it contains, it is oertain that other substanoea 
 are involved in the total natural flavour, and theae must, of course, be absent from a so- 
 called extract made from citral. A German Imperial patent (No. 134,788)* recently 
 granted to Heine i Ca, prepares an artificial oil of lemon "by adding to a mixtbre of 
 
o« th. Wrooo odour d«iwd.- I „«,»• tMnTuU^Tte!' **^'''*~'*'--*l 'f^ith 
 
 A recent decuion in tlie Su,.r,.me ( WrtTTiu T ^ **'''«'■■ 
 
 ywv rB»enied » ded.i«. nl . L.. l^l.T" r. ?•' "j^JTM. rMid(w»J iUril 7. of thi. 
 
 ' of lemon, nuMJe 
 Th« oMaaiM- 
 
 uonnoiMear. Hut it will he mJ^ #»L »l"^ """* "• "o*** ^o the MUt« n/ ^^ 
 con«d.«ble .mount of o ^T^ J^f r^r^Tt"* ^"'^ »^ ^^^ 
 
 «j™.uer»oie amount <rf oil „f lemon ia nt^^.r irJZ'TiT"* "''"^ "»•» ^h«iwr ^ 
 Thu alcohol ia the chief it«n T^t in*^' iIL'tl'^* ", ??'. «*»» ^ •J'^lKJiTp^Y 
 the dunae of oil ,f |«mon i. .f i^ ■ "*'"•»««»»«. and it U raMouble t» JkIZTTt i 
 we,, ker alcohol'.' ''^"^ -t leMt .n part accounts for by th.'^^SSSy S iSljoSS 
 Mort of the aamplea examiniirl «« , _j .^ »- .^ -• 
 
 w. and t«»«„u/ A _„J^. •- •^^^K^;*r''^^--^*^y-P»>thoJ 
 
 ^ hM bttle or no colour, and it i> 
 
 " n« minute amnnn». . Z'^"' 
 
 Li^*VV"'.*''°P^''»- Anormaie.^' 
 'WtaWe that the«, rfniald be . J^. 
 
 White I have no proof that th«M,,Wtt ^il^i^'T^^'^^"' •******! r^wi 
 
 A? J 'S^"* '*^'" '" «««<l««ble dtli;^ ^^ *''**''J' proven (BuUetir 83, p, 
 
 o««gg* lbumen V pepain. ' ^" ***'**' '^^ ""^irely prevent, the digeation 
 
Name of Manufac'turer. 
 
 I 
 
 1 ;Unknown 
 
 2 Schillinn ■ 
 
 3 I)y«>ii, Oitwon Co., ' W hite 8Ur , 
 
 4 Davis & Lawrence.. 
 6 Dalley 
 
 6 Dearborn 
 
 7 Black . . . 
 
 8 .lonea . . . 
 
 9 Seely 
 
 Unknown 
 SiniHun Bros . 
 Baird 
 
 13 Sherriff 
 
 14 McLaren 
 
 15 Robt. tJreig Co 
 
 16 Dalley 
 
 17 Mayell 
 
 18 iHudon * Oraali 
 
 19 'Unknown 
 
 20 iPeebleB 
 
 21 Unknown 
 
 22 London Coffee and Spice Company . 
 
 23 Dyson, (iibnon Co., "^ Jewel Ext.'.. . 
 
 24 Eby Blain Co 
 
 25 Unknown 
 
 26 Wright (Detroit) 
 
 27 Unknown 
 
 II.— COMMERCIAL 
 
 Arbangemknt of tiJainples in order 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 = i 
 
 li 
 
 1*3 
 
 IS 
 
 H 
 
 P 
 
 •5S 
 
 tAa 
 &1I 
 
 20237 
 2a525 
 
 23506 
 
 23363 
 17444 
 21720 
 20238 
 
 20254 j 
 
 21314 
 
 31714 
 23153 
 17858 
 21694 
 4S39 
 17897 
 
 17471 
 
 82(J0 
 «27S 
 8444 
 
 8513 
 86n 
 
 8666 
 
 8768 
 
 8758 
 
 8974 i 
 
 9016 i 
 11097 
 9186 ; 
 
 U380 
 
 23115 
 
 9412 
 
 4321 
 
 !M28 
 
 2:i148 
 
 9598 
 
 1 , ..t7 
 
 9608 
 
 23374 
 
 9650 
 
 21308 
 
 9663 
 
 23436 
 
 9682 
 
 23103 
 
 09685 
 
 22043 
 
 09688 
 
 17466 
 
 09702 
 
 21724 
 
 9712 
 
 23431 
 
 0l>722 
 
 2S1M 
 
 9761 
 
 23432 
 
 9752 
 
 Oil of lemon.. 
 Citral 
 
 8683 
 8960 
 
 *AUM>HOL BT ; g 
 
 VoLfJIK. i J S 
 
 (APPHOXIllATt). ! 4Jd 
 
 i i- 1115 
 
 92-36 ' 161 86 
 91 96 161 16 
 86 80 I 152 11 
 
 84 51 148 09 
 82 90 ! 144 23 
 
 78 89 ! 138 25 
 
 76 53 
 75 53 
 66 94 
 
 66 17 
 61 53 
 57 64 
 
 48 21 
 
 9612 
 
 9412 i *6 « 
 
 45 53 
 34 6U 
 33 64 
 
 30 r>7 
 
 29 40 
 
 27 68 
 27 13 
 27 13 
 25 80 
 24 88 
 2388 
 21 09 
 20 99 
 
 9688 
 
 9731 
 
 132 86 
 132 36 
 117 32 : 
 
 114 20 ! 
 107 84 , 
 101 02 ; 
 
 84-49 
 
 81-45 ' 
 79 79 
 60 79 1 
 58-97 ' 
 53-50 I 
 51 53 I 
 48 50 
 47 56 
 47-65 
 46 31 
 43 60 
 4185 
 36 95 
 36 78 
 
 39 
 50 
 U 
 
 19 
 009 
 
 17 
 
 006 
 
 ooe 
 
 91 
 
 006 
 0-13 
 13 
 
 008 
 
 U 08 
 18 
 
 007 
 
 008 
 
 007 
 
 0(M 
 
 009 
 
 07 
 
 12 
 
 07 
 
 006 
 
 W 
 
 013 
 
 800 
 
 6800 
 
 •Owing to the very small amounts of solid, in K.lution, I have con»ideted that a sufficiently cloM 
 Ottawa, August 25, 1903. 
 
 ii; 
 
EXTRACT OF LEMON, 
 of Specific Gravity (Density). 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Turbid 
 
 + 200 
 + 111 
 
 62 
 3 5 
 
 lUnoolourpd 
 lYeUow 
 
 + 70 i 2 2 
 + 1-6 8 
 
 Slightly turbid 
 Clear...... 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 IS 
 1-4 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 22 
 IS 
 
 05 
 4 
 04 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 01 
 
 jDeep yellow 
 Orange 
 
 [Deep yellow 
 
 i 
 
 iUnooloured. 
 
 I „ 
 
 il>eep yellow 
 lYellow 
 
 None Itrenuine. 
 
 ni" L' J ■ fe*""""«' """l "' exceptionally high strength. 
 Bleached.. Containn 34 p.c. oil of lemons; is artifioally 
 
 ' coloured. 
 ... ...... {Genuine, and above usual strength. 
 
 Bleached..: Contains 3 5 per cent oil of lemon* ; is artificially 
 
 ' coloured. 
 
 . ;Contains 22 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially 
 
 I coloured. 
 
 . jContains 5 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially 
 
 I coloured. 
 Reddish . . jContains 2 2 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially 
 
 j coloured. 
 Bleached.. 'Contains I'S per cent oil of lemon; is artificially 
 coloured. 
 
 None iContains 0'5 iier cent oil of lemons. 
 
 " ■ ...[ " 0-4 
 Bleached.. jConUins 4 per cent oil of lemons ; is artificially 
 
 coloured. 
 R^ jContains a trace of oil of lemons ; is artificially 
 
 coloured. 
 
 0-8 I 
 2 i 
 8 : 
 2 
 8 
 03! 
 3 I 
 2 i 
 8 I 
 1 
 0-3 I 
 
 01 
 1 
 01 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 00 
 1 
 
 Deep yellow 
 Yelfow . . 
 
 Deep yellow 
 Yellow.. 
 
 +322 1100 
 + 1-6 I 0-5 
 
 Deep yellow 
 Light yellow 
 
 Yellow...:.' 
 Deep yellow 
 
 Noch 
 Bleach 
 
 KT: 
 
 Red 
 
 No change 
 Bleached.. 
 
 Red „ ;, ,; 
 
 Bleached.. iContains no oil of lemons ; is artifically coloured. 
 . . Contains a trace oil of lemons ; is artifioiaUy col- 
 oured. 
 
 approximation to the alcohol content was obtainable from the specific gravity of the sample, 
 
10 
 
 
 i 
 
 III. — CoMMKItCUI. 
 
 N'«me of Manufacturer. 
 
 
 BUck ! 20afi6 
 
 D»lley 23149 
 
 Dull 2anBl 
 
 (lourlir 4326 
 
 HuckeU . 23348 
 
 Imperial Kxtract Co i 2030!) 
 
 \ 23048 
 
 JonM ( 21307 
 
 ( 21316 
 
 Knight, John i 4338 
 
 Specific 
 
 Gravity of 
 
 the 
 
 Sample. 
 
 9 Laporte k Martin . 
 
 21311 
 
 10 {London Coffee * Spict Co 22045 
 
 U Mayell 
 
 12 I McLaren 
 
 I 
 
 13 Peerlem Extract Co. 
 
 14 Seely 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 Tropical Extract Co 
 
 Toronto Cotfoe ft Spice C<i. (Silver! 
 Label). 
 
 23358 
 17867 
 22077 
 33548 
 23510 
 
 174.S1 
 21718 
 22075 
 23152 
 2030U ! 
 22048 I 
 17875 i 
 
 23344 
 
 22076 , 
 21.t12 I 
 21727 1 
 23104 
 
 August 27, 1903. 
 
 1 0465 
 1 0485 
 9844 
 9400 
 10068 
 9986 
 
 9919 
 
 Spirit 
 Gravity. 
 
 1 1060 
 
 1 a<40 
 1 0470 
 9906 
 
 1 0164 
 
 Aloohol— by Volume. SpeK tic 
 Gravity of 
 
 ! de- 
 
 alooholiied 
 imidae. 
 
 Aloohd. 
 
 «M7 
 9746 
 9781 
 9S37 
 9866 
 9787 
 
 09040 
 
 0-9718 9620 
 
 9924 
 
 9811 
 9841 
 9648 
 
 0-9863 
 
 1 0186 I 9741 
 
 10302 
 
 1 0169 
 
 1 0262 
 9932 
 
 9997 
 
 1 0.344 
 1 0678 
 
 09866 
 
 09792 
 
 09857 
 09832 
 09844 
 09841 
 09768 
 
 Proof 
 Spirit*. 
 
 p. c. 
 
 11 87 i 
 21 50 \ 
 1814 
 60 47 
 10-30 
 17 48 
 
 31 40 
 
 40 14 
 
 6 47 
 
 15 31 
 12 40 
 SO 73 
 
 11 36 
 22 09 
 
 10 30 
 16-96 
 
 11 (* 
 132, 
 
 12 13 
 12 40 
 19 49 
 
 p.c. 
 
 20 
 37 
 31 
 88 
 18 
 30 
 
 56 03 
 
 70 34 I 
 
 9-68 
 
 26 66 { 
 21 73 I 
 63 86 I 
 
 19 89 
 88-71 I 
 
 18 04 
 
 29 76 
 
 1927 
 23 21 
 21 27 
 21 73 
 34 14 
 
 1 0603 
 1-0826 
 1 0066 
 1 0064 
 1 0190 
 1 0070 
 
 1 0300 
 
 I 0219 
 
 1-1115 
 
 1 0631 
 1 0719 
 1 0270 
 
 1 0313 
 1 0440 
 
 1 0443 
 
 1 0877 
 
 1 0376 
 1 0107 
 1 0160 
 10484 
 1 0802 
 
ExtrMt of VanUU. 
 
 n 
 
 PoUrimatorl 
 nadinyof 
 midtie in 
 
 2 dm. tubm. 
 
 Vanillin. 
 
 Cane 
 Sugar. 
 
 Couroaiin. 
 
 Corrected 
 for Volume. 
 
 Per 100 Volume*. 
 
 + 18 6 
 + 19-2 
 
 + 96-0 
 
 + 61 6 
 + 45 6 
 + 18 5 
 
 + 24 
 + 261 
 
 + 31 4 
 + 31-6 
 
 + 2 4 
 
 + 7-8 
 + 6 
 + 34 2 
 -h 43-8 
 
 p. a 
 
 + 32-8 
 
 8-6 
 
 + 62S 
 
 137 
 
 + 42 
 
 12 
 
 + SO 
 
 08 
 
 + 2 4 
 
 06 
 
 + 3-6 
 
 0» 
 
 4'8 
 60 
 
 25 , 
 
 IS 4 
 
 11 9 ! 
 
 4-8, 
 
 6 2 
 6 8 I 
 
 I 
 
 8-2 I 
 
 8-2 i 
 
 6 
 20 
 10 
 8-9 
 U 4 
 
 0028 
 0080 
 04U 
 0l>44 
 O06O 
 0048 
 
 108 
 
 0032 
 
 0076 
 0076 
 048 
 
 0268 
 0080 
 
 0024 
 
 0028 
 
 040 
 104 
 036 
 0028 
 0028 
 
 0066 
 036 
 0040 
 0000 
 060 
 0040 
 
 0040 t 
 
 016 
 
 0012 1 144 
 
 0024 
 062 
 0036 
 
 0096 
 0028 
 
 0112 
 
 072 : 
 
 0-092 1 
 064 
 00S2 
 0036 
 0160 
 
 Sum 
 
 of 
 
 theie. 
 
 0084 
 116 
 WW 
 104 
 U 190 
 0088 
 
 148 
 
 0048 
 
 166 
 
 100 
 0138 
 0084 
 
 304 
 108 
 
 136 
 
 100 
 
 0132 
 168 
 0068 
 0064 
 188 
 
 Remark*. 
 
 Uauaually high content in alcohol. 
 
 Filtrate after clarifying with lead acetate ia 
 quite coloiirlem. Ununually high content in 
 alcohol. 
 
 Very low content of alcohoL Flarour chiefly 
 due to coumariu. 
 
 Contain* a red dve of coal tar origin. Notafaly 
 high content of vanillin. 
 
 Flavour chiefly due to coumarin. 
 
12 
 
 COMMBRCIAL ExTBACT OF VaNILLA. 
 
 This should be made from the dried fermented pod of vanilla }>>amfol\a, a plant 
 which is cultivated in Mexico, Java and elsewhere. This fruit, as it comes into com- 
 merce, varies greatly in (|uality, the best coming from Mexico. 
 
 Tlie flavour is chiefly due to a subitanoe called vanUliu (the aldehyde of methyl 
 protocatechuic acid) which occurs to the extent of from 1 to 2.75 per cent in the fruit. 
 
 Artificial vanillin is made on an industrial scale in Germany, and there is no doubt 
 that much of the extract of vanilla of a>mmerce is prepared directly from artificial 
 vanillin. Regarding artificial vanillin, P. Carlos ( 1 ) ' Considers that, although synthetic 
 vanillin may reproduce the odour of vanilla, it has not by any means the same "delicacv 
 of flavour ; for flavouring chocolate and similar confectionery" it is stated not to possess 
 the game softness of flavour.' 
 
 Vanilla is not mentioned in the British Pharmacop<iia. A tincture is defined in 
 the U. S. P. to be made from vanilla, sugar and diluted alcohol. The finished tincture 
 contains about 50 per cent (volume) of alcohol. 
 
 Voumarin is a substance having mu"h the same flavour as vanillin, and is therefore 
 capable of being substituted for this last in the manufacture of a soi-disant extract of 
 vanilla. Coumarin (the anbydridi- of ortho-coumaric acid) occui-s in the tonka-bean and 
 in many other plants. It is also prepared artificially from salicylic aldehyde bj' several 
 niethod.s. However legitimate a substance, for use as a flavour, coumarin may be, — it 
 is certainly to be considered as ar adulterant when substituted for the moie expensive 
 vanillin, and sold under the name of vanilla. 
 
 Methods for the estimation of vanillin and coumarin in admixture have been worked 
 out by several chemists. Those of Hess and Prescott, as modified by Winton and 
 Silverman ( I ) have been employed in this laboratory. 
 
 Reference to the accompanying tables will show that coumarin is present, to some 
 extent, in all the samples analysed, while in some of them it constitutes by far the 
 greater portion of the aromatic ingredient of the extract. 
 
 The great range of variation in these extracts of vanilla is noteworthy. The 
 following statement may make this point clearer : — 
 
 In 21 samples analysed — 
 
 Vanillin varies in amount from 0-012 to 0268 
 
 Coumarin " " 016 to 160 
 
 Alcohol " " 5 • 47 to 50 47 
 
 Sugar " " 0-6 to 25 
 
 It follows from this variability that most perplexing results to the consumer must 
 be found v^'ien the article as made by one manufacturer is substituted for that made by 
 another, xt would bp interesting to know what degree of constancy may be expected 
 in the output of any single manufacturer. On account of the large amount of work in 
 hand, and the small quantity of material furnished for analysis in many cases, I have 
 considered it best to mix the" diflferent samples bearing the same maker's name, and work 
 them as one sample. This has been done in the case of numbers 6, 7, 12, 14 and 15 of 
 the accompanying table. 
 
 (1) Repertoire de Pharmacie. 14. 5— through Year Book of Pharmacy, 1902, 297. 
 (1) Journal American Chemical Society— Vol. 21, 286 and 721, and Vol. 24. 
 
IS 
 
 e 
 m 
 
 S 
 
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 ill. 
 
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 11 
 
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 J 
 
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 I 
 
 
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 '"•'•»*'0«»«l»rMei ,-l»l-<«M«C<S.HKM,^l 
 
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14 
 
 St$enee of Almonds.— Tht V. 8. P. (1890) girw a ftmnuU for eMenoe <d Utter 
 Almond* whurn require* 75 per cent aloohol (yidume) in the fininhed product which »liO 
 contain* 1 per cent ol bitter miifaad oil. 
 
 Xnenct of WinUrfr«tn, is not officinal in the B.P. The U.8.P. define* a q>irit of 
 irintergreen, made from diaaolving S rotonMc of <nl of gaultheria in 95 Tolome* alcohol 
 (94% vol). 
 
 .The U.S. P. diatinguiahe* between natural and artiflcial oil of w into r gr een directing 
 the fint to be prepared from the leave* of O mm l A m ria proeumbent br distillatioo, while 
 the latter i» ooethyl aalioylate. Ttttj aro defined howcTer, a* being eeaentially the 
 
 StMnee oflto»e.—VUiM» Oleum, Oil of Ro*e or Otto of Rote ia defined in bcth B.P. 
 and U.S. P. Roae watea is maJe by distilling water from the flower* of Ro*a Uamai* 
 Cdna. No eaaenoe of roae ia mentioned. 
 
 
 1 
 
 EiMnoM <^ Apricot and Banana.- No preparation* from apricot or banana are 
 mentioned in any pharmaoopceia. 
 
 Coekintal. — Tincture of cochineal is defined by the B.P. to be made from cochineal 
 (1 part) and alcohol of 45 p.c. strength (10 parts). 
 
 The essence or extract of cochineal is ^Id .fc«' gi^sg colour to jelUes, he, and not 
 like other extracts for flavouring purpoae*. So long as the colouring matter of cochineal 
 is extracted and kept in solution ita such a way Uiat it shall not mould, the object of 
 the manufacturer is served. A formula enquqying alum, cream of tartar, glycerine, 
 alcohol and other ingredients is published in Part II pf the U. S. Dispensatory, 1 7th 
 Eidn. It should be quite unnecessary to add a foreign colouring matter to cochineal. 
 
 E$»enoe oj Orange. — Tlie B. P. dvfines a tincture of orange made from orange peel, 
 with 90 per cent alcohol. The finished product would contain from 70 to 80 per cent 
 alcohol. 
 
 The U. 8. P. defines a spirit of orange made from oil of orange peel and alcohol of 
 95 per cent. The alcoholic strength would be about 10 per cent higher than in the 
 former case. 
 
 The two jfimples examined show a much lower content than thL>. 
 
 Essence of Cinnamon. — The B. P. defines a spirit of cinnamon, containing 1 part 
 of oil of cinnamon in 10 parts of the product ; the solvent being 90 per cent alcohoL 
 
 Also, a tincture of cinnamon made from the bark, with 70 per cent spirit 
 
 The U. 8. P. Spirxtu* Cinnamomi is practically identical with that of the B. P. 
 The tincture contains glycerine. 
 
 It does noc follow that au essence prepared for the kitchen must come up to {Jiar- 
 macopoeal standard. 
 
 Schimmel & Co. have recently 'aken out a patent for an artificial cuinamon oiL 
 
 Ettence of Clovei. — The British Pharmacopceia define* an infusion oi clove* ; but 
 neither essence nor tincture is defined in B, P. or U. 8. P. 
 
 Pineapple Eatie-nce is not defined in any pharmacopceia. 
 
IS 
 
 v.— BMnon of Pimnaiirr. 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 
 ■» 
 
 1 
 
 i' 
 
 4 
 
 Vol pw Mat 
 
 • 
 
 RMMfl» 
 
 1 
 
 AI«oM. 
 
 Fraol 
 
 • 
 
 
 178M BmukM CiMra. Oo. . 
 
 SUM doowdrift Co 
 
 aOMaamM,BokliwtCa 
 VtM ttnyUff Am 
 
 «S>««D»»i«, IawtmmOo. 
 
 0MII7 
 OSSU 
 
 onto 
 
 0-9117 
 
 9ttO 
 
 ino 
 
 0190 
 0-UO 
 OMO 
 
 -»r 
 
 ov 
 ov 
 
 O-O" 
 
 ov 
 
 746 
 M-5 
 SSI 
 Ml 
 
 ni 
 
 i: 
 
 lort 
 
 OoataiMkydmrdya. 
 
 :4 
 
 ^•MiMW ^ Ptpp«rmint. 
 
 10 per <ftnt of th_-U.t,dif wived in §6 per cent aloohoL The niuEtfartiire woM 
 
 «**•'" •PP«>«n»tely 80 per cent of •lcohol(yoluine). »nnMc«Ke wobm 
 
 The U. S. P. defines an eaaence oontaining 10 per oant <»1 of Demiennint ■•./I 1 n^ 
 
 bte thi ad: ^"^ •'~'^' "* '* p" •*' "^ rm^w tSi^LT^^SJ^S^ '^ 
 
 the pWn«oop«al eMence., and thi. is the only one .howing i^aoT^oaJ^^LJi 
 mint by po«e««« optical «,tivity. The oU of'peppennint i, W^«t^?b2£S2^ 
 
 "« -- V* * (''°««^ "«'«) "> 2,d"n- tube, on solution in alcohol to 10 rolpaJT 
 
 Uinng to the presence of more or leas sugar in the nmpleB tobalated. the rototion 
 ob«,rved cannot be Uken «i a safe gnide tTthe oU pn*^T ^bZ£^^ 
 small tt) permit of fuller examination. e""^^ ine samples wew too 
 
 "V I.— Plavodbino Essbhcbs— Raspbbrkt. * 
 
 90251 
 
 Mmnufioturer. 
 
 ii 
 
 17400 Pun Gold Oo. 
 
 JcJL. 
 
 21S09|i:«pcrte Martin... 
 
 »U» 
 
 3M» 
 
 23IM 
 
 OslUjrCo. 
 
 Imp. Ext Oo.. 
 
 own 
 
 0-9197 
 0-97S8 
 0-9904 
 l-OiTS 
 0-9778 
 1-0088 
 
 i 
 
 10-480 
 8-080 
 0-780 
 3 MO 
 90-140 
 10880 
 9«» 
 
 Aleobol 
 roxiiml 
 peroMit. 
 
 UpproxiiMta) 
 
 + a6-(P 
 
 0-0 
 
 + 1-8 
 
 00 
 
 +46-4 
 0-0 
 0-0 
 
 AloohuL 
 
 43 9 
 dO-0 
 
 sa-0 
 
 16-0 
 38-0 
 40-5 
 17-0 
 
 Proof 
 tipirit. 
 
 789 
 106-0 
 44-0 
 98-0 
 87-0 
 . 
 
 RamarkiL 
 
 CoBtaiiu about 67% w^iar 
 
 •od a rad dn.' 
 Contaiiii a rad djra. 
 
 ahont 0-6% migar. 
 CoBtaiBa a rad dje. 
 
 about 19% nnr. 
 ComamaarMldre. 
 
 aud 
 
 .vidiiJSi^lterntjjsa; s!^J^X:s,::'ss:^-'Xsi:^^::,^ - «» •• 
 
le 
 
 VII. — Flavovbino ExTBAcn — SrBAWBBiuir. 
 
 Maoufaotorvr. 
 
 1 17«7:Whytc 
 
 3 ' l7«>6|BlueRibb(m ... 
 S ; SUlOLaporteMirtin. 
 
 2aoeB 
 
 SSIM 
 33434 
 
 Warren Broc . 
 DaUeyCo... 
 
 9441 
 
 
 
 0»7B3 
 
 4 
 
 97<» 
 
 
 
 O9B0O 
 
 7 
 
 DMS 
 
 4 
 
 09830 
 
 
 
 I (100 I 0° 
 
 wo +16V 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 +30 
 
 170 
 UBO 
 160 
 
 i«ao 
 
 Aknhol. 
 (approximata) 
 Vol. par ont 
 
 AloohoLi 
 
 Pioof 
 Spirit. 
 
 44 
 
 36 
 36 
 18 
 
 as 
 
 36 
 
 OoBtain* a Uvandw djra. 
 
 It oriiD 
 
 about 4'S%(^ 
 purp 
 
 rad 
 
 oriiDMiD M and 
 Ooataiaa a parpwdjra. 
 
 purple n ami 
 about 0-6% wnar. 
 
 Non. -ThaM mwdoc* are all artificially coloured. There i« no aeaept«. itandard for thia article. 
 
 IMl 
 
Aik 
 
 MMi*i