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 m^\ 
 
 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGIC SOCIETY ( 
 ^ If? VCL. 4, PP. 24». o '' 
 
 OF AMERICA 
 
 X,i"braTy , 
 Department of Geology. 
 
 THE F/UNAS OF THE SHASTA AND CiiXCO FORMATIONS 
 
 BY 
 
 T. W. STANTON 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ 
 
 ROCHESTER 
 
 rUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY 
 
 June, 1893 
 
 I 
 
J 
 
 II 
 
 -^ v>. . 
 
r 
 
 \ 
 
 f, 
 
 
 ftl 
 
 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 
 Vol. 4, pp. 24t>-2S6 June 8, i893 
 
 TIJE FAUNAS OP THE SHASTA AND CHICO FORMATIONS 
 
 RY T. W. STANTON 
 
 {Read before the Society December ,W, JSD2) 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Historical Review 245 
 
 Earliest I-iterature 24."> 
 
 Views of W. ]\r. (iabi) 240 
 
 Tiie Tojon Controvei^y 24('> 
 
 Work of the Canadian Geological Survey 248 
 
 Wliitc's Classification of the California Cretaceous 24'.) 
 
 Relation of Sliastii and C'hico Faui:as 24!) 
 
 Identity of Faunas indicMited 24il 
 
 Local liists of l)otli Faunas from northern California 250 
 
 Original Localities of (Uiico Fossils 2."):i 
 
 Faunas of (iueeu C'liariolte and Nanainio l'\irniations 2.").T 
 
 Correlation of (iueen Charlotte l'^:)nnatioa witii the Shasta 2.'i:i 
 
 Correlation of Nanaiino Ik'ds with the Ch.ico 2.")4 
 
 The Sliusta-Chico Fauna compared with the Fauna of the Blackdown Beds . . 254 
 
 Ccfiiclusions 255 
 
 Historical Rrview. 
 
 Earliest Literature, — The earliest publislied opinion concerning the age 
 of the beds now known a.s the Chico formation seems to l)e that of l)r 
 J. B. Tr sk,* who described Ammonites ehicoen-iis and Barulites chicocnsis 
 in ]8.5(j. On account of the modern aspect of the fossils associated with 
 those si)ecies lie referred the strata containing tliem to the upper Eocene. 
 Shortly afterward Professor J. S. Newberry f discussed the same beds, 
 
 *Proc. Cftl. Ai'dd. Nat. Sci., vol. i, IR.IO, p. 85. 
 
 t I'iii'iHc R. R. Reports, vol. vi, pt. 2 f lsr.7 ?], pp. 24, 'J.'. Tho titlo-pdgo honrs tlio diitn IS-)."!, luit tlioro 
 is intoniul evidi'iioo that the voliuiie whs not piililishod bofiiie 1X57. 
 
 XXXVU-Bui.L. Gkoi. Soc. Am., Vol.. 4, ISHL'. (245) 
 
240 
 
 T. \V. STANTON' — srrA>,T.V AND flllOO FATNAS. 
 
 and, wliile iidniittiiii,' the proHonco of modern types of niolluskH, consid- 
 ered lliiit tlie eepliiilopods were .stronger evidence of tlieir Cretaeeous iigc. 
 lie also statod that he liad obtained a eolleetion of fossils from Xanaimo, 
 Vaneouyer island, that proved the Crotaeoous n<?e of the eoal l)e<ls at that 
 l»luee. These fossils were plaeeil in the liands of i'rofessor F. 15. Meek,=i= 
 who soon afterward deserihed them. Althou-h at that time he thou-iit 
 that the entire eolleetion eame from Xanaimo, he helicived that two dis- 
 tinct horizons were n^presented. Many yoai-s afterward, when repuh- 
 lishin.ir the descriptions with li,trures,t he stated that only those species 
 whicli he helieved to he the older eame from Xanaimo. while the others 
 were from Como.x, northwest of Xanaimo, and from Sneia island. Those; 
 from the last two localities were thou-rht to indicate al.ont the horizon of 
 the Fort Pierre shales, or nmnher 4 of Meek and Ilavden's upper Mis- 
 souri seetion.J 
 
 In 1858 I)r B. F. Shumard ^ deserihed three species of Cretaceous 
 fossils from Nanainio, and in ISCI Dr .lames llc-ctor || pul.Iished an 
 account of the Nanainio eoallieUl, uivin-r the evidence of its Cretace- 
 ous age. 
 
 Views nf ir. M. f;,M.^Vl^ to this tinu' l.oth the oeolo-ic and the pale- 
 ontologie work had l.eeii mainly preliminary, tlu; hitter based on very 
 small collections l.rouiiht ir, hy exnlon^rs ; and it was not until 1SG4, 
 when the first volume of the Paleontoh.ixy ,,f California was pul.lished' 
 that any serious attompt was made to classify the Cretaceous formations 
 of tlu! Pacitio coast or to present their paleont.olo,-ry in a systematic 
 maimer. In that volume Mr \V. M. Cai)!) deserihed al.out 2(>0 species 
 of fossils whi(!h he referred to the Cretaceous. In the introduction some 
 general statements concerning the elassilication and correlation of the 
 California Cretaceous Avcre given hy Professor .1. 1). Whitney,*; the state 
 geoh)gist, on the authority of Mr (;al)h. All the Cretaceous" beds on the 
 I'acitie coast were assigned to two divisions (.1 and />'). which were to- 
 gether supi)ose(l to represent the Upper Chalk or Whitt; Chalk of Furope 
 and the Fort Pierre and Fox Hills groups of the upper .Missouri, although 
 the Cretaceous of the latter region .seemed to have no species in conunon 
 with the California strata. 
 
 T/ie lejoa Coutmrer.vj.—Thv. puhlieation of this volume precipitated a 
 discission between Messrs Cial)b, Conrad and others as to the age of 
 
 *Tnuis. Albuny In.ititut-, vul. iv, l«r)S-'fi4, pp. ;!r,-49. 
 t Hull. V. S. G<'ol. Siirv. 'l\n., vol. ii, IsTfi, pp. ;(r,i-.i7i. 
 
 ri'I.e siiinc opinion is express.;.! in l>rof..ssoi- .Meeli's li.st woi'lc, U. S. (ieol. Siirv. Terr vol i.x 
 hivert. Paleontology, J). XXV. ' ' 
 
 ii Trims. St. Louis Aeiiil. Si'i,, vol. i, ls.">s, pp. ]-j.'i-i ■.',-,. 
 IH^iiiirf. .Joiir. (ieol. So.:. 1^)1111., vol. xvji, Isiil, pp. IJS-l:!.;, 
 11 I'llleolltoloKV of Cill., vol. i, 18ti4, p. xix. 
 
 •: ... • ; • 
 
 •• • •*. •;.!.• 
 
 . • • • ...•••• • • 
 
 .••••.♦•. • ••• • 
 
 •••• •••••• • •••• 
 
KOCKNIC KACIKS ol' 'I'lIK TK.ION. 
 
 21' 
 
 division '•/)'," now known as tlu; .'I'ojiTii lorniiition, Mr ("ourad asH(irtiii>^ 
 tliat it is E«»((iif and Mr (ial)l) as stromiously maintaining its Crotacoous 
 a<i('/i= Onllioono liand, tlio uncincstionahlo I'act that a nuniher of the 
 fossils arc iilcntical or closely related with sjiccics that elsewhere charac- 
 tcri/c the l']o('ent> was rciiiirded as proof of its Tertiary aj^t- ; while on the 
 other hand, (he |iri'senee of an annnonitc (Annii()i)!fi!.i ji'finUs) ami the 
 apparently close fauna! and strati^'raphie connection with the Cretaceous 
 lieds heneatli were helievcd to prove its ( 'retaeeons aj^e. According to 
 Mr (lalili'st statement in oiu; of his controversial articles, 2'') species of 
 the 107 in division II an; found in the uinh'rlying heds. When his 
 list of connnon siiecies is criti<'ally examinecl, however, it is seen that, 
 with the exception of the Aiiniiniiltc'^ and perhaps two o: three others, they 
 all lielong to genera that have live(l iVom tiie Ci'etac^eous or earlier to the 
 present f-ne without undergoing much cliangi!. I'rofessor Angelo iieil- 
 prin :|; ' is given a "areful review of all the jiuiilished evidence hearing 
 on this (luestion, ano in preparing it he has studied a large jiart of Mr 
 (!al»h\s (trigin-d collections of ( 'alifornia, fossils. His article is a strong 
 argument for the Koceiie age o!' the Tcjon and incidentally it throws 
 consideral)le douht on the accuracy of Mr (iahh's statements concerning 
 the sju'cies that occur in iioth the Chico and tlu; Tejon. 
 
 I'rofessor Jules ^farcouj^ and l)r ('. A. White || have also referred the 
 Tejon, or division />, to the Koeeiic, and tins view is now generally 
 accepted. While admitting its 'I'crtiary age,l)oth Dr White*' and l)r(i. 
 F. i>eckcr,-i"!'- after studying the suhject in the field, have stated their 
 lielief that in southern California the Tejon, is oidy the upper i)art of an 
 unbroken sevies, the Chico-Tijon, in which the sedimentation as well as 
 the life was continuous from the Cretaceous into the Tertiary. 
 
 In the second volume (tf the Paleontology of Califori, ,1, published in 
 ]S()1), Professor Whitney jt again sunnuarized Mr (iabl»'s latest views on 
 the classitication of the Cretaceous. Division /> is named the Tejou 
 and considered to l)e the proltable etjuivalent of the >hiestricht beds. 
 Division .1 is scfjaratcd into three groups: the Martinez grouj», which 
 is (h)ul)tfully sc[>arated from the one next l)elow; the Chico group, which 
 
 ♦Cimnicrw iirtii'los iiro in Am. .Jour. (jOUcIi., vol. i, ISWi, pp. :i62-:i<i."i ; vol. il, ISliii, pp. U7-l(Kt, tind 
 Am. .1(111 r. Sci., vol. .\liv, IsiiT, pp. :i7ii-;i77. (ialilv's icpllns miiy bo t'oiiiiil In Am. .loiir. Conuli., vol. il, 
 p|i. S7-!I'J ; Am. .loin- Sfl., vol. xllv, pp. Jjc, •JJii, :i;iil Proc. Cul. Aoiul. Nut. Sci., vol. iii, 18i;7, pp. 301- 
 
 tl'roi'. ('ill. Acuil. NiH. Sci., vol. iii, l,>ii;7, p.:io.'. 
 
 t I'roc. Ai'ikI. N;it. Si'i. I'liilii., issi!, p|i. Iti.VJI I : roiitrilmlioiis to Tortiiu-y Uool. uiid I';ilooiil. of llio 
 Uiiitod States, I88», pp. 1ol'-1I7. 
 ii Hull. Soo. (((''ol. lie Krimc'o, tome xi, l.ss.l, pp. tl7-l:!.->. 
 
 II Bull. 15, tl. S. Gool. Survey. l,sS:i, pp. 11-17; Bull, "il, 1S8',I, pp. 11-11; Mull. 8li, 18111, p. 193. 
 II Soo rul'oroiR'os just vtivon. 
 ** Bull. 1!), U. S. Oi'ol. Siirv., 1S.S,-). 
 tt Piigfs xiii iukI xiv. 
 
-'■18 
 
 T. W. STANTON— SHASTA AND CIIICO KAUNAS. 
 
 ..s .orrdaU,. with th. Cppn- Chalk or |,.>w..r Chalk an.l, it is thou-^ht 
 
 tht,,MNMaiin;.l„.,!su( \ aiinrnvrr Ishm.l ; an.l the Shasta -,•..„„ ,„■„- 
 v.s..,nally ,unu.l „, indu.!.. a s.-ries of h..ls of ,,i„,,....t a,,.; h V 
 
 '•■"• A;---'l...« to Whitney - it contains lossils, sec.n.inr.lv n,.rl t- 
 ".^' a,es h.,,,, the (la.Ht to the Neeonnan, i.u.h.sive. ' ' vj' 
 
 "one . .,s lossiis an. known to exten.l upwani into the Chi^o^roup'' 
 
 U^-; / . Cun,nl.,a il.^Hira; S,,rrn,~\n 1S7I the ,eolo,ieal snrvev 
 . ula .e,an the work n. British Cohnnhia whieh has eonlnhuteil 
 
 Ulsl;;: ■;'''' '''';'h"'''"'^ <-"=aionsortheI'aeinccoaHt. 
 
 t I. i. >..n. the s..ope ol this pap..,- to eonsider the .lelaih-l -...h.-M,. 
 
 ;oonptMHM.tlH.(',vtne™onN^uw.o 
 soip and Dr (ieor;re .M. Dawson.f 
 
 • "Meet on \ aiwonver -slan.! an.l of ahont i:;,0()() feet on (^een Char- 
 otte .slan.ls The mvortol,rato fossils Iron, hoth these areas have he . 
 -nl... an.l Inl-y ,hs..uss...l hy ^r.•.r. F. Whiteav.-s.: The nn .trecento' 
 
 the ii; ; / ■ ^^^'^'V';''''^'-'""^^^' i'^l'^'xl-^ «oction is the e.,uivalent .,f 
 
 Mi<Hui.>tal.)nnat,.,n, an.l that the san.e hon..,n is represonte.l in the 
 .-• lH.m ,,a.-t o, N j.n...n,ve.- islan.l an.l at sevenU h.ealiUes ..n the ^u ' - 
 ••^"1 ••' '"t..h(..lnn.h:a; that the he.ls of the Xanain.o an.l Con.ox 
 eoa u . s on the ..as,..n. c.oast of Vane.,uver islan.l are n.ore re.H,nt an.l 
 i . .I.^' y the C h.eo .,rn.at..>n, an.l that non., of these he.ls are . , l.ler 
 • n HM , I>rev,.,usly M,- ^^•|.iteaves ha.l expresso.l the opinion 
 
 iMt the Shasta l.,rinat.nn an.l Its e.iuivalents in I!ritish('.,lnn.hiash..ni(l 
 IH. s..parat...l nit,, tw.. f.>nnati..ns, refernno- tl... ol.ler he.ls, whi,.h are 
 espeeja ly ehara..ten.e.l hy an ahnn.lanee of . I „..//., to the Neconuan 
 ■".. tlu npperport.on to the (lanlt; hnt a.l.liti.nml coUoethMis showed 
 su.^ a hlen.hn, ol tl. .aunas that they e.>nl.l not he separat.xl and U^ 
 \ lew was aliandoiied. 
 
 118 
 
 l.s7:i--7:i, pp. ,iL<-!i,'. ' "'III,.!,!,,,! \„ iv,.,- ;n„l(;,i,,.M .•JiMi-lctt.. Ish.n.ls: ll,i,l., 
 
 .Vr"'"''.'""''""""'""'''"" ^"•""<■|'^"•^'lt,.|,sla,„ls: ll,i,l ls7,s ' , „„ I hiM- • o„ r , 
 
 L'.'il hxuiiunalii.M (j| the. iii.i'tlirrii I'.irt ,>,' \-.,. ., , ' ' • '. I'p. '-"H I. ; . )ii ^ („.,,l,,ni- 
 
 I-P. I-.MT M; ..n .iu- .JJ^^-t^^^u^TZ ,' '""■ ''""'■ "'■"'■ ""■"•>' '■"-'^'' ■^'<"' 
 
 ^^- ■■ A.n..r •.s,..,voi.v::';:i;- ';;;: ;:^^:,; '^ "o..n,w.st..n. ..o,., ..r .i. n.,,,.,,;..,, .„• 
 
 ,.p. M-«.,, and Con,, to .;,„.a,|i.„ V^l^^, ^l l^"' ''"'' '"" ''""""' '"'■ '' "^'*- ^^ '^ 
 
iisK (jk i>ir,i,i:us <(>r,i,K<'Ti<»NH. 
 
 219 
 
 Wliilr'x (HitMlJiriilinii.Dj'lhc ('aHjuriilii Cnidrroii-s. — lh- (.'. \. White, wlin.st! 
 work on tliu ('rctiut'oii.s of ('aliloriiiii lius iiliviuly been rd'crrfil (n, jilso 
 rocdjiiiizod two divirtions in tlio SliiiHtii, towhinh ho niivotho h)C!il niuncH, 
 KnoxvilU' iinil Iforsotown hods, !iltlioiii.'li ho Itoliovod thoni to l»o (liwoly 
 roliitod ; and several species of the II(>rs<'to\vn fauna were afterward 
 f<»uiid assoeiate(l in the; same strata witii Anrrlln, tiie characttM'istie fossil 
 of tho Kno.willo l»eds, near Iliddles, Orejjon/^- It may theroforo he 
 re<.::ardod hh ostaltlished that tho KnoxvilUi hods siiould not he eonsidorod 
 distinct from the remainder of tin; Shasta formation, althon,i,di tliey ni; y 
 usually he recognized hy the ;;reat ahuMdanc<' of Aiifillu, a fossil that 
 Hoeins not to ran;^o into tin; upper jtart of tho series. 
 
 Tho firout apparent did'oroneo in the faunae of tho Shasta and theChico 
 formations at tht; localities studied hy him led Dr White to helievo that 
 there is a break between these two formaiions, ropresontin'i a ^reat timo- 
 hiatus.t althouji;h thoy aro apparently eonformahlo. 'i'lie list of species 
 assijiuod to ea(Oi formation hy Mr (iabh also seomcid to justify this belief, 
 bui the sei[Uel will show that tho strati^'raphic position and the vertical 
 raii;;o of many of the spooios wore very imperfeetly known until (^uito 
 rooontly. 
 
 Ki:i,ATIO.\ Ol'' SUASTA AND ChIi'O KaUNAS. 
 
 filanlili/ of l'iiii)iii-< indlcjitcd. — Various mombors of tho United States 
 (!eoloi,dcal Survey working: in Califoriiia and ()re.t;-on during,' tin; last few 
 years have from time to time ma<le small collections t)f Cretaceous fossils 
 that have l)oon submitted to Dr White for examination. The lar<!;est of 
 thoso colloctions was rccoivod from .Mr J. S. Diller in ISS'.), and was 
 assiffned to mo for study and identilication, under tho direction and 
 supervision of Dr White. Tin; colloction ombraced small lots of fossils 
 from about sovonty-livo dilleront localities in nortlicrn California and 
 S(nithorn Onitjon, the most of which are in the valley of Sacramento river.:|; 
 There wore usually only a few species of fossils from each locality, as they 
 were collocte<l by tin,' ;;eoloji;ists in connection with other tiehl-work and 
 without any attempt at makinji; exhaustive ooUootions. Tho Ibssils werii 
 identiliod and those from each locality wore, .so far as practicable, assiuiicd 
 to th(! Shasta or to the Chico-Tojon, in acconlance with the distrilmtion 
 of s|iecios in those formations ;j;ivcn l»y Mr (lalib. iUit some of tho locali- 
 ties seemeil to show a mixture of Shasta and Chico s[iecies. and when 
 
 ♦S(io (i. F. Hci'kiT, Notes on tlio ciirly Cii'tai-'cons of Ciilil'oriiiiv iiinl Oregon : Bull. Gool. Hoc. Am., 
 Vol. •-', IWil, PI'- '-'iM-iid.-!. 
 
 tSee Bull. U. S. (ieol. Survey, nnnilieiN l."i, \i-2, '>\ iiml S2. 
 
 t Kor (lescri|itl(iM ul'tlie );eiil(i>ry ol'tliis region iiii'l Curtlier iliai-'llssjoll of tile |>illeoi|loloi.'y see Mr 
 l»iller'« (iiiper, tlii.-i voliinie, i>\>. ■^n't-S.il. 
 
L':.o 
 
 T. W 
 
 STANTON—SIIAHTA AM. cMlrc, Kai-nah. 
 
 ; •""'•'■"< tM.ruons won, soon t., Ik, in,.x,,li..aMv nu.x..,|. M, „i, u? , 
 ' - -...M.s„,,..s,...| that tlH. two lUunaH wcr. ,..;.,. dos.lv r v J Li 
 
 111;;:;:;::'' '"''^^ 
 
 ^..I.l s..,.son NFr ) I..,. ,.,,, ...,„.i,,,,,,,, ,,,,■, „^ ,„,^,,^. at ^.^X.w • 
 
 I "..aou . ||.,.s,. (.,ss,ls, wlMrh |.,v,. m-..„Mv 1.,...,. st,„Ii...| ,ravo 
 
 :::c:;;::i;::;i:r:j:;;:t;^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 u 
 (I 
 
 '*A)nmo,n'fi:s /injf)„ininl, (iiil.l». 
 '^AiiniioiiitrH hrcirrri, '* 
 
 '^•I>lphiclii)iri-(i.'< Inrin^ 
 Annjf(irtnt.s(/) llnivhis, 
 '^liilcm n ififi iinprrssii.1, 
 LioriniH pinirldhnii, " 
 
 *Lmuiti(i (irrl/diHi, '• 
 
 (ryrndes. 
 
 Fiisitu ar(Ui(.% (Jahl). 
 ''^Anlmiiiijn;! nurhii, (Jahli (?) 
 .SVv//,„7V^ ((//m/(«/.s (/j), Jj'url)., Wl, it- 
 caves. 
 
 Arfnoiiiiia califnrnini, (ial)I). 
 ('ill III id. 
 
 fl\iiii/irii/d rdrid, (iaiil). 
 
 '■^'Uiiiriiaclld pa/Ild^ '> 
 
 'I'Pdiiiiji.Ki Cdiit-nilrird, '* 
 f('iirii/l;ii( (riniai/d, '' 
 
 tAc)H(((/o/( rdiii:niirririi>iis, Mwk. 
 
 \7Vi(/oiii(i /ripiit'OHlatd, CJahb. 
 
 i' Triijnnia leann, " 
 
 Trii/Diild. 
 
 '\l'irin< oprrcnli/iinnis, (;alilj. 
 
 •(■'/'//'■^/.-i annulata (dal.I.) = CdnUmn 
 
 {Ltiiu'ainlliim) duimldlinn. 
 fCorhn/d fnid-ii, (ial.l.. 
 ■\-Mi/ti/ii.i (ptdilratii.'i, (ial)li(?) 
 Mildhix Idiircolatus, Sowcrhy. 
 •|-ArJr< traiidiiddd, (lalil). 
 y'/riird,Hi/,i lin-iijatd, W'liitoavcs. 
 jTi'llliid /iiijl'iiuiiiiiidiid, (laltl). 
 \' Tell i lid iiidt/irir.soiili, " 
 
 '\Mdrtrd, d.-ihhiinur!, " 
 
 fC/iiDiie niridiis^ " 
 
 jMcrh'd nulitUd, " 
 
 jMi'ckiii /ifjr/.y, 
 '\Mi'rkid -iil/d, 
 UhijndKmcllii. 
 
 (I 
 
 * Sfl)s( of tllO llM'llliticM Ill('llli.ilw..l , 
 
 '--;,,« ,„.a.. ,, ,,.«,. „„, .:n;:;::;;,:i,;:: ^ " "" ""■ ^''■"■" ■"^"' •■""="■ * ^^ j. a omor. 
 
 *t riic spiM'ji.s ln'loiminif to '\f.. (;.,i.i,'„ wi . i- 
 
 l'"H/.„n. '-^ ^"- "" ""'^■'■* l'^'^- -'"' '"•'•n posirivcly ,.s.ijt,u.,l to ..itl,..,- 
 
 .■*]!■ (,i;|lil]'s UU1IK'11"I;UU1V js || 
 
 i 
 
 M'.l, in luust o.so« without rovi.ion, Ihro.igiioMt this imj^t. 
 
nil 
 
 i 
 
 Hirr.KN CIIKKK AV'> ONO ('(yr.r.Kf'TIONS. 
 
 251 
 
 Of tlic ^.<> sjH'cicM in this lint, tlic I*iilfniit(tln;.'y oi" i'njilnrniii jrivoH S as 
 coiiiiii^' tVoiM the Siiii.slu lui'l is t'ntiu tiic Chico, wliilo '2 uftlic otiiors ani 
 tloiilitfiilly rot'orrod U) tlit! loniitT iiml 2 to the iuttor. At least 12 of tlu^so 
 spocjcs arc also tTprcscnted by i<luiit;<'iil or very dosoly riliitcd spccius 
 in tilt: (^iKMMi Cliarlottf islands flower siiales), and 7 are similarly rcpro- 
 Hcntecl in tiie e(|uivaient of the Chieo on Vancouver island. 
 
 it will li* reniendiered that Ilorsetown is a typical and well known 
 Shashi locality, and tliat tho types of two of Mr (iahh's species wero 
 ohtained there. 
 
 Many of Mr filler's localities for f(tssils are on Cottonwood creek ami 
 it« hranchcs, a few miles southwest of Ilorsetown. It will lie instructive 
 to ^'roup together st»me of these places and consider tiie fuswils that WiTu 
 ohtained from them. On ifnlcH creek, and near its mouth on Cotton- 
 Wood creek, the followin;^ were ooliectod: 
 
 Aiiiiuoii'ilc!* hiitful, Trask. 
 Aiinii(iiilfi'r< liaJfiiKniii!, (ial)h. 
 AiiniKiiillfS rc.iiKiinIi, " 
 Tinritrlla. 
 
 Tr'Kjitn'hi rrnni'ii. •, Meek. 
 Tri'jdiilii tri/<)ii!(iih., > lahh. 
 Nemodnii rinironn'mislx. Meek. 
 (Uicnlliva Iniiinilii, (iahh. 
 I'ictni iiitcrciiliforiiiix, " 
 
 This collection a(Ms two Shasta and two Chico species to the Ilorsetown 
 and Texas spring's list. 
 
 ;\t and ahout Ono, Calii'ornia, mostly within a mile of the vilhij^'c, the 
 followinj; species wero ohtained: 
 
 AniiitiHilli'.'i hnli'.'^i, Tx'ask. 
 . I /((//(()/( /Vrs hreirrri, (iahh. 
 A iiniKiii !!(:■< /KilfiiKiinii'i '' 
 ^iiiiiiiDnltc-i iriiioiiill, " 
 
 Mtirtcxiti claii.'id, (iahh. 
 Tnrmis plniim, " 
 Plinniini/n l;irl(/(ilii, ^\'hiteaveH. 
 'JVii/iiiiia IcdiKi, (iahh. 
 
 Amtiinaltc.'i {Phtjlloccrds) nuiioxm, Tri'/onid !i'(iiitr<iM(U<i, 
 
 (?) 
 
 Meek. 
 Aiici/liiccrds ri'ini)ii(ll, Oahh. 
 Jiclcni allcs //(/yj/'c .<'</'.•*, 
 ('Iindld mntheinmii!, 
 Linidlld arclldiid, 
 I'lildiiiidi'H iHdilciiid, " 
 Hitni'nuU.d piilitd, " 
 
 Aiic/iiin(. 
 N('riii;rd iiunidcusiii, Whiteavea. 
 
 u 
 If 
 II 
 
 Tri;/(i)iid crdii><di)d, Meek. 
 
 Xnidi(liiii. rdiinHtrcirnsl.'i, " 
 I'llcdfiild rnri'ild^ (lahh. 
 PecU'ii ojwirdHJorhti'i, '" 
 Arlciild iinicriiiidid, W'hiteaves. 
 I'iniid. 
 (Mird. 
 Krijihijld. 
 
 Most of the species iii this list not contained in thi; jirecedin":; ones were 
 ori'dnallv descrilied as from the Shasta. 
 
252 
 
 T. \V. STANTOX — Sir.\ST\ A 
 
 NT) f'iriCO FAfXAS. 
 
 LocalitioH iit flits I'oiut i)o.st oflice jiiitl on fi 
 
 taut, yk'hU'd tlio Coll 
 
 toiiniifj; nvor, nut Tar di.s- 
 
 oUlllLr ; 
 
 Aniiixmltcx eh 
 
 'imocns/s, 'J'rask 
 
 Turrifi'Ud .serial 
 
 Niicula li 
 
 iin-(ir(uiiiliilit^ (laid I, not I 
 
 iiitcdtd, (la))l). 
 
 looincr. 
 
 On Mic Col.l Inrk of ('otU.nwdo.l vwvk (he loll 
 
 olilaiiH'd 
 
 OWIDU' CO 
 
 II. •cf 
 
 ion was 
 
 lUii:iiJlli.-i r]i 
 
 'HCDtiii.-ii.-i, iTasI' 
 
 Bilciiniitcs iii)pir.s.si/.i, (lal)l). 
 Nrjiliiura hnffuunnil, " 
 
 Citciili-id I 
 
 I Iniiicdiii { |;ili|). 
 
 i\iiriil(i. (ri'iinit 
 
 I'fc/cii lr<(s/:, 
 
 •ea. 
 
 'U 
 
 Tnrhrdkllu nh 
 
 n'.-<(i. 
 
 'I'wo of thoso s]»('ci('S ai 
 
 ( 
 
 'OUiLT a It 
 
 conmion to Horsetown and T 
 
 CO 
 
 exas sprniifs. 
 
 w milfs fai-th. r sonthward. tlio (irst innmrtant local 
 
 "n Kldcr creek, on tlicli- r of on(! of Mr Di 
 
 Lojvry's and at otlier places fartl 
 
 lilies are 
 
 ITS measured sections. Near 
 
 (lal.I 
 
 d'i', were ol.taiiicd. while a, hidicr I 
 
 UT westward specinKMis o\' Aiirrlhi nloHi 
 
 'nwn-"s yielded the f(,ll, 
 
 (I'l/radf 
 
 loi'i/.on ahout I 
 
 iwniu- species : 
 
 wo iinles east o 
 
 eaA'cs. 
 
 "'■'/AM.Mi.'helin). Whit- \hn,, Indh'uhrh, (\.,M 
 
 ii)li. 
 
 Liiiin/I 
 Anr/i 
 
 'I III 
 
 DrnlnL 
 T/irl 
 
 II rnHfiiniifii, Tlahh. 
 /"(/; si I'll mi III iiiir '• 
 
 /■■< lilt iinliitii 
 
 Tilliiiit fni Hi 
 Tcl/inii ii.s/ifi 
 
 Ciiciilliiit I 
 
 Antartc 
 
 xinicn, 
 I'll iirii/i(, 
 
 i; 
 
 C/i 
 
 iiiiiH' riiriilii.-:. 
 
 Pci-U 
 Ariciihi 
 
 ('i)iiriniiiiiiii, 
 11 opn-ni/ij'iinni!, 
 
 (?) 
 
 This lot shows a oreater dilferenee tl 
 
 contains at least 
 .U'iveii. 
 Siilli 
 
 laii 
 
 lour si)ecies enumerated fi 
 
 ;uiy of the others, althouuh it 
 
 oi 
 
 n oti 
 
 lor localities ahovo 
 
 '•icht evidence has therefore I 
 
 -I'ccics from the several loealiti 
 
 )oon pres.Mited to show that all th 
 
 one launa. 
 
 (-■8 mentioned very prohahly helon.r u 
 
 Near Ikcddinif, 
 
 l<'c|ed, manvof wind 
 
 oil ^Nirramento river, a, lar-.' niinil 
 
 Mil the pi'esence there ofsui'l 
 
 I were notohtaiiied atanvof theal 
 
 •cr ot species were 
 
 >i>ve loi'alities. 
 
 f'rri, 
 
 <i (tiiririilifiiriiiis, Cnrhiilit trii.4 
 
 lornis as ('unil/.-iv. Irnnriitn. 7 
 
 I'll/nil III. cniil- 
 
 heds iielon.ii- to tin; san 
 somewhat hijrhcr horizon. 
 
 ('i)llections from several 1 
 I'ci'cl'rcd to the (' 
 
 II' <'on(inuous series, thou-h tl 
 
 ", ••(c, make it prohaiile that tl 
 
 le 
 
 H'.v may represent a 
 
 ocaiiti 
 
 <'s in ()i'(;n-on that have al 
 
 I"" i"nnalion,such as Crooked river, Siski 
 
 ways heen 
 you moiin- 
 
AlJANIKtNMKNT OF TlfK MA liTI NK/ (lHoll'. 
 
 J.)o 
 
 tiiiiis, Asliliind, and several placi's in .hu'ksdii comity, indicate about the 
 sanio horizon as that oi'tho l)od at llorsctown. 
 
 Orlipitdl fjonililicx of CJiico FokxHu. — Tn the second volume of the I'ale- 
 ontoio^'V of California there is a " Synopsis of the Cretaceous iuvertehrato 
 fossils of California," i^ivinii a eom|)lete list of the species then known, 
 with the localities at which they had heen olitained. For convenience 
 in makihii comparisons I have made a list of the species reported from 
 each locality there mentioned. licavinj^ out of consideration the locali- 
 ties from which only from one to ttluee species are reported, there are 
 sixteen localities from which Chico fossils weni ohtained. An examina- 
 tion of the faunal lists from these places show that eleven of them may 
 he referred without (piestion to the Sliasta-Chico fauna as represented at 
 llorsetown and in tiie uei<ihhorhood of Cottonwood creek. These h)cal- 
 itiesare: Menicia, Cottonwood creek, Crooked creek of the Des Chutes 
 (Oregon), Curry's, Jacksonville (Oregon), Nhirtinez, mount Diahlo, Ores- 
 tind>a, I'aclu'eo pass, Siskiyou mountains and 'J'uscan si)rings. The 
 other live local itic', viz, Chieo creek. Cow creek, Folsom, Pence's and 
 Texas Flat, yielded a greater proportion of species not contained in Mr 
 Diller's ('ollecti(Mis from Shasta county, hut there are several well marked 
 llorsetown species reported from each (jf these localities; and they are 
 all so intimately related to the other Chico localities hy means of species 
 held in <(immon with one or more of tliem that they cannot he regarded 
 as helonixing to another fauna. 
 
 The Martinez jiroup of (lahb has long since heen abandoned as insep- 
 aral)le from the Chico; and, as Mr Diller has shown in his [laper on the 
 Cretaceous and early Tertiar}"^ deposits of this regicjn,"'^ the Wallala for- 
 mation probably also I)elongs in the same series. 
 
 FaU nAS ok (ilKKN CUAUmTTK AM) NaNAIMO FoiiMATlONS. 
 
 Cofirldtidii iif (^ncca ('ItarloUc FiiruuidDn ifitli the Shasln. — The correla- 
 tion of the (iuecii Charlotte formation (divisions (', D and A'of Dr Daw- 
 son's section) with the Shasta has already been mentioned in speaking 
 of Mr W'hiteaves' woi'k. The additions now made to the llorsetown 
 fauna materially increase tlu' mimliei'of species that occur in both tin; 
 Shasta and tiuecn Charlotte formations, it should l)e stated, however, 
 that several genera of annnonites found on (iueen Charlotte islands and 
 not yet seen ill the Sliast;i suggest a somewhat earlier period for the bed 
 in which tiny occur. It would simplily the matter if it could be proved 
 that these aiiimouites came from a lower horizon. It is worthy of note 
 
 *.\llti', p|i. ■-'(I.VliJI. 
 .SN.XVIII -litl.!.. LiKUl.. Sw. .\.M., Vol.. I, ISSJ, 
 
251 
 
 T. W. ST.\NT„X-s„.,sTA ASM. ."IHCO KArXA^ 
 
 ill tills coiiiicclion tliat 11 
 
 <'nii(!(iii,rii('|i;ir|oUcs«.c( 
 
 '(' upper slijilcs Mild saiiilst 
 
 l'>ll,('l>lltilill /; 
 
 imrci'.f 
 
 aspodesthat is,.liarn,.U.risti,.ortlic('olora.l 
 
 nioiiiitaii 
 
 ill 1' 
 
 I r(3j,'ion aii.l is m,t I 
 
 ones, ,,!• division ./ 
 '/'".s irrohlnudtlcKs, Schloth., 
 ^<> t'oriiiatioii in tlu' ]{ 
 
 11 rope, 
 
 Kiion-n to mnge IjiglaT than tlio 'J 
 
 voc 
 
 uroiiiaii 
 
 iilTl 
 
 N 
 
 '/' "/' A'a//^/ 
 
 iiiaiiiii 
 
 l.cd> 
 
 on \' 
 
 ///('> Hcds u-lth the C/i 
 
 ICO. 
 
 -Th 
 
 correlation of tli 
 
 CIMI 
 
 iH'i'tJoii with tl 
 
 mniuver islan.l with the (^hieo formation, tat 
 
 '<• facts ;drea(iyf,Mveii,iiiinl 
 
 '■.vreiat,.,i(othe(iueenCharl.,ttt,ronnat 
 
 ••'lid I tiiink tiiatii < 
 
 plies that (hese hed 
 ion (lian has been 
 
 Cal 
 
 ili'i'iiia, \'an 
 
 ■"""Panson of tlie faunas (oui.d in the ti 
 
 I'eiationship. 'J'hc j 
 
 <'<'uver aiMl (^ueen Charl 
 
 otte, will i/W' 
 
 ken in 
 s are more 
 silpltosed, 
 iree re'dons. 
 
 elusion are tiiat son 
 
 "•""■'I'al facts that seem to h 
 
 ■vi(h'iiee of tl 
 
 lis 
 
 on V 
 Afoiifi 
 
 aneouvei- island ai 
 
 IK' ol the species of //,„■»///, 
 
 opposed to this ooii- 
 
 ■'■ la ppareiitly closely related t 
 
 ■-'' and of liiorcrnwiis found 
 
 '='l<'nnationofX,hraska,(oi;,nuloandeI 
 
 ■•^■J-non, and that the plants found in the .\ 
 '•eot upper Cfetaeeous types. 
 
 '<> (Species in the 
 <e\vhere in tli*- inter 
 
 anaimu coal lield ar 
 
 lor 
 'e said to 
 
 With tl 
 
 tl 
 
 otn 
 
 k; possible exeeptioii of tl 
 
 crs that have little di 
 
 le s 
 
 pecies just mentioned and a 1 
 
 ^^lH•clesof 11,,. Shasta-CluVo | 
 cast of the JJock 
 
 '.irnostic value, it is doubtful whetl 
 
 lew 
 
 y mountain^ 
 
 I una occur in tli 
 
 ler anv of the 
 
 c upper Creta 
 
 :2'en 
 
 aiK 
 
 era that are not found in tl 
 I diU'erences almost 
 
 lie ainnionites nearly all bel 
 
 le 1 
 
 'PP»'r C'l-etaeeousofthe inte 
 
 (•cous beds 
 
 oiiii- to 
 
 nioiju,- 
 
 as great niio-ht be pointed 
 
 nor l•e^•ion 
 out ill other classes of 
 
 Th 
 
 lived 
 uental 
 
 lese tacts mav rca.lilv 1 
 
 >e 
 
 coiitenii.oraneously in diireivnt 
 
 explained by ,su])posin,i.' that tli« f 
 
 ii-ea, but they would also 1 
 
 0( 
 
 •cans separated by a lonu 
 
 lunas 
 conti- 
 
 proved that they were not strictly eonte 
 
 'c equally well ex].lained if it eould 
 
 nijioraneous. 
 
 I'ow.x JJkds. 
 
 ♦.So.. Dr C. A. Wliitu's .sl:,u.im.nr,„i U 
 
 'i^'oiNi i„ umi:. 1^, r.s.(f..ui.sm-v.,|,|,.j7-,,. 
 
COKHKLATION WITH KUIJOI'KAN KKl'OSiTS. 
 
 255 
 
 (ViKHiiiUiiiui. Of tliu 1(1 wiiucies li-iU'vil 'hy Sowcrl)}' as (•(.niiiij:; iVoiii 
 lU:u'k(louii,iit least 2:], or ono-luilf of tliu ontiro luiinlior, arc represented 
 ill the Slia.sta-C'hico fauna \>\ closely related species. Tiiese include such 
 well niarke<l forms as — 
 
 From JiladaloiOL — 
 
 AxUirte stnnla. 
 Ciiriilhin rofilclliita. 
 < 'iiciill/i'ii Jihroiid. 
 E.m>iijrii Cdiiicd. 
 }fj/lllii.'i I'lJcnliiJtiM. I 
 Mi/tilii--i l<inri'(il(Un-i. | 
 
 Tli(li'< major. \ 
 Tlirtis III I III))-. J 
 Ti'lijoii'm (tlifonniti. 
 
 TritioiiiK (hrihtlcd. } 
 Triton ill, Kpcddbllw. ) 
 Tiirrili'lhi (/riiiinbUn,. 
 
 Ueprci^fnli'il in Ciiiifiirnin hij — 
 
 Eri^tlnjliL unilxiiKila. (/) 
 NciiKiiliiii niiiriiiiri'reiixi.i, 
 Ciirnlln'i Iruiiriitn. 
 Exoiji/rii jxirnsilica. 
 
 Mijlilii'^ Idiiniihilii.-i. ( .') 
 
 T/d'lis diuiuldlii. 
 
 'rriijidiid (nuisdiid. 
 
 Triyvnid leaud. 
 
 Tiirritvllil aeridtiiii-ijrdiiiildtd. (/) 
 
 In addition to these the Ulackdown Iteds contain a nrMil)cr of species 
 hclonginfj to the \ cnerida^ and Aporrliaida-, hoth of which groups arc 
 well represented in the Sliasta-('lii< o fauna. In fact, so far as can he 
 judged hy iigures and descri[)tions, the whole fauna of the I>iacU(h)wn 
 heds, if it had heen found in the western part of the United States, would 
 he referred to the Sliasta formation and ahout to +lie horizon of the 
 llorsetown Ixids. 
 
 Whether the Chico heds al)ove the fossil-hearing Horsetown horizon 
 rc{»resent all the rest of the upper Cretaceous remains to l>e deternnned. 
 The close relationship of their fauna to that of the underlying lieds which 
 has l)een compared with the (iault and t'enomanian, and its distinct- 
 ness from the upper Cretaceous faunas enst of the Itocky mountains 
 representing the Turonian and Senonian of ]Mn-oi)e seem to favor the 
 view tliat a large part of the upper Cretaceous series is ahsent from tlie 
 I'licifK' coast. 
 
 CoNCI.l'SlONS. 
 
 In view :)f all these facts, it seems to me that the exact rehdionslni> of 
 the Chico and Tejon formatioiu. and the c.Ktent to which their faunas are 
 connected must still l)e regarded as an dpen (|ucstion that can l)e solved 
 only, if at all, after exhaustive collections have heen made from lK)th 
 formations and thoroughly studied. 
 
25(; 
 
 T. VV. STANTON — SHASTA ANO CIKCO FAUNAS. 
 
 'Vhv, spccilic ('(Miclusions rouchcMl may tlius be suininarizud : There is 
 no fkuiial break any where in the entire series of strata that have been 
 referred to the Shasta and Chieo formations, (,'ertain i)ortions of the 
 series are eliara(;t(!rized l)y the almndanee of particular species, e. g., 
 Ancdld in tlie lower Ijeds and several species and jfenera of ammonites 
 in the Horsetown division; but these sub-faunas are so bound together 
 l)y connecting species that they caiuiot be regarded as really distinct, 
 and I have therefore adojited Mr Diller's suggestion and called the wJiole 
 the iShasta-Chico fauna. The age of this fauna, or at least of tin; i>ortion 
 found in the Horsetown beds, seems to be not more recent than the 
 Cenonianian. 
 
 'A 
 
 !h 
 
 '\ 
 
 I 
 
IS 
 
 le 
 
 .■-,-^ 
 
 '\M