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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 .^ % » '"'".% «■ i' 1 ■ f ; : u > 1 ■t. »■»■,- * • - / «••■*.. ? -i' lii X I ; '■ \ \ •»'«REFACE. The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the " London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Com- manders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes. 4 It has not, however, until late years, been the prac- tice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtain- ing, particularly from the old Regiments, an au- thentic account of their origin and subsequent services. This defect will now be remedied, in consequence m\ P^: PREFACK. ▼ of His MHJesty htiving been pleased to eomintind that every Uegiinent shtill in future keep n full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and conmierce, and where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed by the presence of waVf which few other countries have escaped, com- paratively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country derives from the industry and the enter- prise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor, — on ▼I PREFACE. their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by whicii so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and their character has t)een established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have main- tained their advantages against superior numbers. In the official Reports made by the respective Com- manders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed ; but the details of their services, and of acts of individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the various Regiments. These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant- General's Office ; and while the perusal of them can- PRKFACE. vii not fail to be uMetuI and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit de Corps — an attachment to evei-ything belonging to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with fi brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood *' firm as the rocks of their native shore ;" and when half the World has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with un- shaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war, — victories so complete and sur- prising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow-citizens in arms, — a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant VUl PREFACE. deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the public. Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers will be introau'^ed in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testify- ing the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct num- ber, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. • table to nd other in the Eind the time to s testify- will be INTRODUCTION. Record ct num- ted, the lion. The ancient Armies of England were composed of Horse and Foot ; but the feudal troops esta- blished by William the Conqueror in 1086, con- sisted almost entirely of Horse. Under the feudal system, every holdtJ* of land amounting to what was termed a "knight's fee," was required to provide a charger, a coat of mail, a helmet, a shield, and a lance, and to serve the Crown a period of forty days in each year at his own expense ; and the great landholders had to pro- vide armed men in proportion to the extent of their estates ; consequently the ranks of the feudal Cavalry were completed with men of property, and the vassals and tenants of the great barons, who led their dependents to the field in person. In the succeeding reigns the Cavalry of the Army was composed of Knights (or men at arms and Hobiliers (or horsemen of inferior degree) ; and the Infantry of spears and battle-axe men, cross-bowmen, and archers. The Knights wore X INTRODUCTION armour on every part of the body, and their weapons were a lance, a sword, and a small dagger. The Hobiliers were accoutred and armed for the light and less important services of war, and were not considered qualified for a charge in line. Mounted Archers* were also introduced, and the English nation eventually became pre- eminent in the use of the bow. About the time of Queen Mary the appellation . of •' Men at Arms'' was changed to that of " Spears and Launces^ The introduction of fire-arms ulti- mately occasioned the lance to fall into disuse, and the title of the Horsemen of the first degree was changed to " Cuirassiers." The Cuirassiers were armed cap-a-pie, and their weapons were a sword with a straight narrow blade and sharp point, and a pair of large pistols, called petronels ; and the Hobiliers carried carbines. The Infantry carried pikes, matchlocks, and swords. The introduction of fire-arms occasioned the forma- tion of Regiments armed and equipped as infantry, but mounted on small horses for the sake of expedition of movement, and these were styled '* Dragoons ;" a small portion of the military * In the 14th year of the reign of Edward IV. a small force was established in Ireland by Parliament, consisting of 120 Archers on horseback, 40 Horsemen, and 40 Pages. INTRODUCTION. XI rassiers force oi .'e kingdom, however, consisted of this description of troops. The formation of the present Army commenced after the Restoration in 1660, with the establish- ment of regular corps of Horse and Foot; the Horsemen were cuirassiers, but only wore armour on the head and body ; and the Foot were pike- men and musketeers. The arms which each description of force carried, are described in the following extract from the " Regulations of King Charles H.," dated 5th May, 1663 :— " Each Horseman to have for his defensive " armes, back, breast, and pot ; and for his offeii- " sive armes, a sword, and a case of pistoUs, the " barrels whereof are not to be und'. foorteen " inches in length ; and each Trooper of Our *' Guards to have a carbine besides the aforesaid ' armes. And the Foote to have each souldier a " sword, and each pikeman a pike of 16 foote " long and not und'. ; and each musqueteer a " musquet with a collar of bandaliers, the barrell *' of which musquet to be about foor foote long " and to conteine a bullet, foorteen of which shall " weigh a pound weight*." The ranks of the Troops of Horse were at this period composed of men of some property — gene- * Military Papers, State Paper Office. / xu * t INTRODUCTION. rally the sons of substantial yeomen : the young men received as recruits provided their own horses, and they were placed on a rate of pay sufficient to give them a respectable station in society. On the breaking out of the war with Holland in the spring of 1672, a Regiment of Dragoons was raised* ; the Dragoons were placed on a lower rate of pay than the Horse, and the Regiment was armed similar to the Infantry, excepting that a limited number of the men carried halberds instead of pikes, and the others muskets and bay- onets ; and a few men in each troop had pistols ; as appears by a warrant dated the 2nd of April, 1672, of which the following is an extract : — ** Charles R. *' Our will and pleasure is, that a Regi- " ment of Dragoones which we have established " and ordered to be raised, in twelve Troopes of " fourscore in each beside officers, who are to be ** under the command of Our most deare and most ** intirely beloved Cousin Prince Rupert, shall *' be armed out of Our stoares remaining within ** Our office of the Ordinance, as followeth ; that " is to say, three corporalls, two Serjeants, the " gentlemen at armes, and twelve souldiers of This Regiment was disbanded after the Peace of 1674. INTRODUCTION. xni " each of the said twelve Troopes, are to have and " carry each of them one halbard, and one case *' of pistolls with holsters ; and the rest of the " souldiers of the several Troopes aforesaid, are " to have and to carry each of them one match- " locke musquet, with a collar of bandaliers, and " also to have and to carry one bayonet*, or great ** knive. That each lieutenant have and carry " one partizan ; and that two drums be delivered '* out for each Troope of the said Regimentf ." Several regiments of Horse and Dragoons were raised in the first year of the reign of King James II. ; and the horsemen carried a short car- bine;); in addition to the sword and pair of pistols: and in a Regulation dated the 21st of February, 1687, the arms of the Dragoons at that period were commanded to be as follows : — " The Dragoons to have snaphanse musquets, ** strapt, with bright barrels of three foote eight " inches long, cartouch-boxes, bayonetts, granado " pouches, buckets, and hammer-hatchetts." After several years' experience, little advantage * This appears to be the first introduction of bayonets into the English Army. f State Paper Office. t The first issue of carbines to the regular Horse appears to have taken place in 1684 ; the Life Guards, however, carried carbines fiom their formation in 1660.— Vide the ' Historical Record of the Life Guards.* XIV INTRODUCTION. '#■ was found to accrue from having Cavalry Regi- ments formed almost exclusively for engaging the enemy on foot ; and, the Horse having laid aside their armour, the arms and equipment of Horse and Dragoons were so nearly assimilated, that there remained little distinction besides the name and rate of pay. The introduction of improve- ments into the mounting, arming, and equipment of Dragoons rendered them competent to the performance of every description of service re- quired of Cavalry ; and, while the long musket and bayonet were retained, to enable them to act as Infantry, if necessary, they were found to be equally efficient, and of equal value to the nation, as Cavalry, with the Regiments of Horse. In the several augmentations made to the regular Army after the early part of the reign of Queen Anne^ no new Regiments of Horse were raised for permanent service ; and in 1746 King George II. reduced three of the old Regiments of Horse to the quality and pay of Dragoons ; at the same time, His Majesty gave them the title of First, Second, and Third Regiments of Dragoon Guards : and in 1788 the same alteration was made in the remaining four Regiments of Horse, which then became the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Regiments of Dragoon Guards. rNTRODUCTION, XV At present there are only three Regiments which are styled Horse in the British Army, namely, the two Regiments of Life Guards, and the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, to whom cuirasses have recently been restored. The other Cavalry Regiments consist of Dragoon Guards Heavy and Light Dragoons, Hussars, and Lan- cers ; and although the long musket and bayonet have been laid aside by the whole of the Cavalry, and the Regiments are armed and equipped on the principle of the old Horse (excepting the cuirass), they continue to be styled Dragoons. The old Regiments of Horse formed a highly respectable and efficient portion of the Army, and it is found, on perusing the histories of the various campaigns in which they have been en- gaged, that they have, on all occasions, maintain- ed a high character for steadiness and discipline as well as for bravery in action. They were formerly mounted on horses of superior weight and phy- sical power, and few troops could withstand a well-directed charge of the celebrated British Horse. The records of these corps embrace a period of 150 years— a period eventful in history, and abounding in instances of heroism displayed by the British troops when danger has threatened the nation, — a period in which these Regiments XVI INTRODUCTION. have numbered in their ranks men of loyalty, valour, and good conduct, worthy of imitation. Since the Regiments of Horse were formed into Dragoon Guards, additional improvements have been introduced into the constitution of the several corps; and the superior description of horses now bred in the United Kingdom, enables the commanding ofl&cers to remount their regi- ments with such excellent horses, that, whilst sufficient weight has been retained for a powerful charge in line.alightness has been acquired, which renders them available for every description of service incident to modern warfare. The orderly conduct of these Regiments in quarters has gained the confidence and esteem of the respectable inhabitants of the various parts of the United Kingdom in which they have been stationed ; their promptitude and alacrity in at- tending to the requisitions of the magistrates in periods of excitement, and the temper, patience, and forbearance which they have evinced when subjected to great provocation, insult, and violence from the misguided populace, prove the value of these troops to the Crown, and to the Government of the countyy, and justify the reliance which is reposed on them. HISTORICAL RECORD loyalty, I ation. 1 formed 1 vements 1 m of the 1 ption of J , enables 1 eir regi- t, whilst powerful d, which .^ ption of .1^ '■$1 nents in 1 steem of m parts of ve been ' -i ty in at- 1 trates in )atience. d when -..i violence « value of jrnment hich is J OF THE TENTH, THE PRINCE OF WALES'S OWN ROYAL REGIMENT OF HUSSARS: CONTAININO AN ACCOUNT OP THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1715, AMD OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1842. ILLUSTRATED WITH A PLATE OF THE UNIFORM. LONDON: JOHN W. PARKER, WEST STRAND. M.DCCCXL.III. LONDON : HARHISON AND CO., PHINTBRB, sr. martin's lanb. m^ mi) THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS BEAR ON THEin APPOINTMENTS THE WORDS "PENINSULA;" AND "WATERLOO;" TO COMMEMORATE THEIR SERVICES IN SPAIN AND THE SOUTH OP FRANCE IK lOia ANI) 1014; AND AT THE BATTLE OF WATEHIOO, IN Ifll5. CONTENTS. 1,15 Formation of tlu« Regiment . . . . y Names of the OflRcers . • . . 1 1 1722 Reviewed by King George I. . . . .12 1726 ditto .... 13 1728 Reviewed by King George II. . ... — Proceeds to Scotland — 1730 Returns to England — 1743 A Squadron detached to intercept a party Highlanders ...... 1745 Rebellion in favour of the Pretender 1746 Battle of Falkirk ■ Culloden 1747 Returns to England ..... 1751 Description of the Clothing and Standards 1753 Stationed in Scotland ..... 1 754 Returns to Englar i . . . . . . — 1755 A Light Troop added to the Establishment . — 1756 Reviewed by King George II. . . . . — 1758 The Light Troop embarks with the Expedition to St. Maloes 22 The Regiment embarks for Germany . . . — 1759 Battle of Minden 24 1760 Warbourg — Campen ..... 26 of 14 . 15 . 18 . 19 21 VI CONTENTS. Year 1761 1762 1763 Battle of Kirch Denkeni Page 28 Groebcnstien 1764 17C7 1768 1773 1774 1779 1783 1784 1788 1790 1793 1796 1799 1803 1804 1805 1806 1808 Returns to England ...... The Light Troop disbanded, and eight men per Troop, of the six Heavy Troops, equipped as Light Dragoons ..... Reviewed by King George III. .... Stationed in Scotland ..... Returns to England ...... Stationed in Scotland ..... Returns to England ...... Men equipped as Light Cavalry incorporated in the Nineteenth Light Dragoons Constituted a Corps of Light Cavalry, and honored with the title of The Prince of Wales's Own Light Dragoons Colour of the Clothing changed from scarlet to blue Reviewed by King George III. ditto ————— .... The Prince of Wales appointed Commandant ■ Colonel Reviewed by King George III. [Stationed near the southern coast to repel the French Invasion ...... Clothed and equipped as Hussars Embarks for Spain ...... Action at Sahagun ...... Engaged with the French Piquets, near Saldana Action at Majorga ...... Bcnevente ....... Covering the retreat to Corunna 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 41 CONTEXTS. Vll Page . 28 }n per ped as 29 30 in the inored f Own . 31 blue — . 32 . 33 A the 34 36 37 la • 38 39 41 Year 1809 Returns to England 1811 The Colonel of the Regiment appointed Regent of the United Kingdom, and the title of Roi/al conferred on the Regiment 1812 Takes the duties of the Court and Metropolis 1813 Embarks for Portugal Action near Morales Hormaza ..... Battle of Vittoria the Pyrenees ..... Blockade of Pampeluna ..... Marches through the Pyrenees and enters Franco 1814 BatLle of Orthes Tarbes . . .... ■ Toulouse ...... ■ Returns to England 1815 Suppressing Riots in London .... Embarks for Flanders Battle of Waterloo Advances to Paris ...... 1816 Returns to England ..... 1817 Reviewed by the Grand Duke Nicholas, now Em- peror of Russia Attends the Funeral of the Princess Charlotte of Wales 1819 Proceeds to Scotland 1 820 The Colonel of the Regiment ascends the Throne of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Colonelcy conferred on Lieut.-General Lord Charles Wil- liam Vane Stewart, now Marquis of Londonderry Page 42 43 44 45 49 50 52 54 56 57 59 60 61 62 64 68 69 70 71 VIU CONTENTS. Year Page 1820 Suppresses commotions in Scotland, and receives His Majesty's approbation .... Returns to England 1822 His Majesty presents a superb piece of plate to the Officers' mess: the Marquis of Londonderry's addition to the mess plate .... Embarks for Ireland 1825 Returns to England ..... 1827 Embarks for Portugal 1828 Returns to England 1829 Reviewed by the Duke of Orleans, now King of the French 1831 Embarks for Ireland 1835 Returns to England 1838 On duty at the Coronation of Queen Victoria . ■ Reviewed by Her Majesty the Queen . 1841 Embarks for Ireland — 1842 The Conclusion 82 74 75 77 78 79 80 81 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 1715 Humphrey Gore 83 1723 Charles Churchill 84 1745 Richard Viscount Cobham 85 1749 Sir John Mordaunt, K.B 86 1780 Sir William Augustus Pitt, K.B. . . .88 1796 His lloyal Highness George Augustus Frederick Prince of Wales, afterwards King George IV. 89 1820 Lord Charles William Vane Stewart, now Marquis of Londonderry, G.C.B. and G.C.H. . . 92 / Page •eceives 74 . 75 ! to the derry's 77 • • Ling of 78 79 80 . 81 . 82 • 83 ■ 84 • 85 • 86 • • 88 derick J IV. 89 arquis 92 i i m Tenth (The Princo of Wales's Own) Royal Hiis-sars. [To face page I HISTORICAL RECORD OP THE TENTH, '^'•^TS [To face page 1 THE PRTNCE OF WALES'S OWN, ROYAL REGIMENT OF HUSSARS. The Tenth Regiment of Dragoons, now bearing 1715 the distinguished title of " The Prince of Wales' Own Royal Hussars," is one of the regiments of cavalry raised at the close of the first year of the reign of King George I., for the preservation of the protestant succession against the exertions of the adherents of the Stuart family, who were desirous of placing on the throne of Great Britain, James Francis Edward, son of the late King James II., who died at St. Germains, in 1701. This claimant to the crown resided at Bar-le-duc, on the confines of Lorraine, and bore the title of the Chevalier de St. George. B i 1 ''' !! I I in ! Ill ' •iliii- I ^ 10 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 17 IT) In England he was designated the "Pretender," and tlie French monarch, Louis XIV., who had always afforded an asylum to the Stuart family, cherislied the ambition of placing him on the British throne to the exclusion of the house of Hanover. Riots and disturbances had taken place in various parts of the country; the Jacobites were organizing the means for an appeal to arms, and in July, 1715, when King George I. was at the House of Lords, giving his assent to several bills, His Majesty announced to the Parliament, that a rebellion had actually commenced, and that the nation was menaced with an invasion from abroad. Measures were immediately adopted to support the throne; — the army was aug- mented; — regiments of dragoons and infantry were directed to be raised; — and on the 22nd of July a warrant, under the sign manual, was issued to Brigadier-General Humphrey Gore, an officer of stanch protestant principles, who had com- manded a regiment of foot in the reign of Queen Anne, authorizing hira to raise, form, and dis- cipline a regiment of dragoons, of six troops, which corps has been continued in the service to the present time, and is now designated the Tenth Royal Hussars. This regiment was raised in Hertfordshire and the adjoining counties, and when the several troops were embodied, the head-quarters were THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 11 retender," , who had irt family, m on the ! house of iken place Jacobites il to arms, i I. was at to several 'arliament, snced, and 1 invasion ly adopted was aug- [ infantry le 22nd of was issued an officer had com- of Queen and dis- ix troops, service to lated the tfordshire he several ;ers were established at Hertford. The following gentle- 1715 men were appointed to commissions in the regiment. Captains. Humphrey Gore, Colonel Peter Hawker, Lieut. -Colonel Fasten Knevit, Major Belthaxar Gnidet George Treby John Wittovvronnr Lieutenants. Israel Presly, Capt.-Lieut. Henry Gore John Jordcn Robert Blount Andrew Purcell Henry Courtenay Cornels. Francis Boucher William Prosser William Stannus Peter Chabane Thomas Hicks Thomas Crawley The great success which attended the recruit- ing enabled Brigadier-General Core to rej)ort his regiment complete and fit for service in a short time; when an augmentation was ordered to its numbers, and on the 30th of September it was directed to march to Marlborough. Its services were connected with the suppi?ssion of tumults and the maintenance of the laws; but it was not employed against the rebels under the Earl of Mar. In October, 1716, it was stationed at 1716 Exeter. In 1717, when tranquillity had been restored, 1717 a reduction was made in the army, and in 1718 171 8 several newly-raised corps were disbanded; but Gore's regiment of dragoons was retained in the service. In 1718 it was stationed in Yorkshire; in 1719, in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire; 1719 in 1720 it occupied extensive cantonments in 1720 B 2 12 HISTORICAL RECORD OF llii^' i !'■! ii w 111: i ;i If 1721 Devonshire and Shropshire; and in 1721 it was again distributed in quarters in the counties of Worcester and Gloucester. 1722 Notwithstanding their previous disasters, the friends of the Chevalier de St. George were again conspiring to effect his elevation to the throne in 1722, and the army was held in constant readiness to maintain Ihe protestant succession. In May the Tenth dragoons were encamped near Marl- borough, from whence they were removed to Salisbury Plain, where they were reviewed, with a number of other corps, by King George I., on the 30th of August. After the review a detach- ment of the regiment escorted His Majesty the first stage on the road to Portsjnouth. The regiment was subsequently encamped near Chip- penham, and on the 1st of October marched into cantonments at Cirencester, &c. 172.3 On the 12th of January, 1723, Brigadier- General Gore was removed to the royal dragoons, and the colonelcy of the Tenth was conferred on Colonel Charles Churchill, who raised a regiment of dragoons in 1715, but sold the colonelcy to Sir Charles Hotham in 1717, which regiment was disbanded in 1718. In the summer of this year the Tenth marched into quarters in Leicestershire. In the 1724 spring of 1724 they were removed into Yorkshire; 1725 and in 1725 to Gloucester and Hereford, with m^::] THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 13 1 it was inties of ters, the sre again hrone in •eadiness In May ir Marl- oved to ed, with re I., on , detach- jesty the h. The ar Chip- led into rigadier- ragoons, 3rred on gimeut lelcy to lent was Tenth In the rkshire; •d, with detachments on revenue duty on the Hampshire coast. After calling in its detachments the regiment marched into quarters near Hounslow, in April, 1726; in May it was reviewed on the heatli by King George 1., and afterwards marched into Gloucestershire ; during the winter it was em- ployed in suppressing riots in Somersetshire and Wiltshire. An augmentation of three troops was made to the establishment in 1727, and the regiment was held in readiness to embark for Holland, in the anticipation of a war with the Emperor of Germany; but no embarkation took place. The Tenth were reviewed on Hounslow Heath by King George II., on the 4th of May, 1728, in brigade with the fourth dragoons, and the two corps " made a very fine appearance*." After the review the regiment marched to Scotland, where it was stationed nearly two years, during which time its establishment was reduced to six troops. Returning to England in March, 17.'^(), the regiment halted in Yorkshire, where it was sta- tioned until April, 1732, when it was removed into Lancashire; in 1733 it was quartered in Leicestershire; in 1734 in Cheshire; and in 1735 1726 17'27 1728 1729 1 730 1732 1733 1734 1735 * Tfie London Gazette. w 11 I 1 I ■ t:iliji iH I; 1 ■' ! : 'I |i lil 14 HISTORICAL RFX'ORD OF 1735 it returned to Yorkshire, where it was stationed 1738 two years. 1739 The establishment, at this period, was six troops of tliree officers, one quarter-master, two Serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, one hautboy, and forty-nine private soldiers eacli; but on the breaking out of the war with Spain, in ] 739, ten men were added to each troop. 1740 In the summer of 1740 the Tenth were encamped, with several other corps, near New- 1741 bury, under Lieutenant-General Wade; in 1741 1742 war commenced on the continent, and in 1742 a British army proceeded to Flanders; the Tenth were retained in Great Britain. 1743 A squadron of the regiment was detached, in May, 1743, to intercept one hundred and fifty men of Lord Semphill's (now forty-second) High- land regiment, who had deser!:ed with their arms, and were returning in a body towards Scotland. This corps had been formed, in 1739, of indepen- dent companies of Highlanders, and many of the men had enlisted on the presumption that they should never be required to quit their own country. On being ordered to embark at Gravesend, a report was circulated among them, that they were designed for the West Indies, and one hundred and fifty deserted. They were intercepted in Lady-wood, near Oundle, by a squadron of tlie fourth horse, (now third dragoon I TriK TENTH ROYAT- lUrsSARS. 15 tationed was six ter, two 3rs, one Lch; but ^pain, in 'II were .r New- in 1741 1742 a 3 Tenth iched, in md fifty 1) High- air arms, jcotland. indepen- y of the liat they eir own bark at ig them, -lies, and 3y were e, by a dragoon giiardw), and tlio Sfiiiadnm of tlio 'I'kntii (Im<; near Falkirk, on the morning of the 17th of January. 16 HISTORICAL RKCORD OF 'r ! 1746 About three hours after the Tenth dragoons joined the army, information arrived of the approacli of tlie rebel host led by the young Pre- tender, and the King's troops marched to Falkirk- moor, where the insurgents were formed, and between three and four in the afternoon the action commenced. The Tenth dragoons were on the left of the front line, and the action was commenced by a charge of the cavalry, at the moment when a heavy storm of wind and rain was beating in the soldiers' faces. The dragoons behaved well*, but were opposed by such very superior numbers, . that they were repulsed, and this disaster was followed by the retreat of several infantry corps. The fourth, fourteenth, and forty- eighth regiments stood firm; they were joined by the third (Buffs) who had been stationed in reserve, by part of the first (the royal) dragoons, and by two squadrons of the Tenth, and a few men of the thirteenth dragoons; Major-General Huske took the command, and these corps withstood the attacks of the Highlanders after Lieut.-General Hawley had retired from the field with a great part of the army. The Highlanders withdrew. * " The attack was begun by our three regiments of dragoons, *' who broke through the enemy, and behaved like bold fellows, "and afterwards rallied again." — Letter from a Soldier of the Kiiifs Own regiment, who was present. THK TKNTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 17 ragooim of the ug Pre- ^alkirk- ed, and Don the liH wore ion was at the ind rain Iragoons ch very jt'd, and f several id forty- oined by I reserve, , and by men of L Huske tood the ■General a great ithdrew, if dragoons, old fellows, Uer of the and after sunset a detachment of the Tkntii 17.U; dragoons advanced to reconnoitre, but no enemy was to be seen. Darkness had overspread tlie field, the soldiers were wet, the night was cold and stormy, and Major-General Iluske retired from the field to Linlithgow, covered by two squadrons of the Tenth*, and on the following day to Edinburgh. Reinforcements were afterwards ordered to Edinburgh. William, Duke of Cumberland, was sent to take the command, and on the 3lst of January the army advanced, when the young Pretender raised the siege of Stirling Castle, and made a precipitate retreat. The Tknth were detached, with other corps, under Brigadier- General Mordaunt, in pursuit, but were unable to overtake the Highlanders. When the Duke of Cumberland advanced from Stirling, the Tenth were in front of the leading column; on the 12th of March they arrived at Inverary, and on the 17th they were engaged in an attempt to surprise a thousand rebel foot and sixty hussars posted at Straths- bogie under Roy Stuart, but the insurgents escaped. The Tenth were afterwards stationed at Strathsbogie for several weeks. * " The enemy did not pursue, which was owing to the gal- " lant behaviour of two squadrons of Cobham's (Tenth) dragoons.' — London Gazette. 'n ,< il !■ i, :si ■ r ' ! i 1 u :l 1 i; 1 ill 1^ 1 I'll 1 Si; . 1 : I' i 18 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1746 Oil the 12th of April the King's troops crossed the Spey, and on the 1 6th of that month tlie battle of Culloden was fought. The Tenth Avere on the right of the royal army, ander Major- General Bland, and when the adverse ranks were broken by the artillery and infantry, the cavalry charged and completed the overthrow of the rebel host. The Tenth pursued the rebels for several miles, and made great slaughter. The victory was decisive, and the young Pretender wandered in disguise among the isles and moun- tains until he was enabled to escape to France. 1747 The regiment remained in Scotland a short time after the final suppression of the rebellion, and afterwards returned to England. On the con- 1^48 elusion of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, the establishment was reduced to two hundred and eighty-five men. On tlie decease of Field-Marshal Viscount Cobham, the colonelcy of the Tenth was con- ferred on Major-General John Mordaunt, from the fourth Irish horse, now seventh dragoon guards, by commission dated the 1st of Novem- ber, 1749. 1751 The following particulars are extracted from the King's warrant, bearing date the 1st of July, 1751, for establishing uniformity in the clothing^ colours, and standards of the several regiments, previous to which })eriod the colonels of regi- THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 10 )r troojis month Tenth Major- ks were cavalry of the jels for The retender I moun- rance. a short •ebellion, the con- in 1748, hundred Viscount was con- int, from dragoon Novem- ted from : of July, clothinsf igiments, of regi- ments were in the habit of introducing their own 1751 arms or crests on the appointments. Tenth Regiment of Dragoons. Coats, — scarlet, double-breasted, without lap- pels, lined with deep yellow; slit sleeves turned up with deep yellow; the button-holes worked with white lace; the buttons of white metal, set on three, four, and five together; a slash pocket in each skirt; and a white worsted aiguillette on the right shoulder. Waistcoats and Breeches, — deep yellow. Hats, — bound with silver lace, and orna- mented with a black cockade, and a white metal loop. Boots, — of jacked leather. Cloaks, — of scarlet cloth, with a deep yellow collar, and lined with deep yellow shalloon; the buttons set on white frogs or loops, with a green stripe down the centre. Horse Furniture, — of deep yellow cloth; the holster-caps and housing having a border of white lace, with a green stripe down the centre; X. D. embroidered on each corner of the housing, on a red ground, within a wreath of roses and thistles; the King's cipher, with the crown over it, and x. d. underneath, embroidered on the holster caps. I V?V' 20 HISTORICAL RECORD OP I ;i! S'; III ii Hi ! 1751 Officers, — distinguislied by silver lace; their coats and waistcoats bound vvith silver embroi- dery; the button-holes worked with silver; and a crimson silk sash worn across the left shoulder. Quarter-Masters, — to wear a crimson sash round the waist. Serjeants, — to have narrow silver lace on the cuffs, pockets, and shoulder-straps; silver aiguil- lettes, and deep yellow and green worsted sashes tied round the waist. Drummers and Hautboys, — clothed in deep yellow coats, lined with red, and ornamented with white lace having a green stripe down the centre; their waistcoats and breeches of red cloth. Guidons, — the first or King's guidon to be of crimson silk, embroidered with silver and fringed with silver and green; in the centre the rose and thistle conjoined and crown over them, with the motto Dieu et mon Droit underneath; the white horse in a compartment in the first and fourth corners, and x. d. in silver characters, on a deep yellow ground, in the second and third corners. The second and third guidons to be of deep yellow silk with silver and green fringe; in the centre X. D. in silver characters, on a red ground, within a wreath of roses and thistles on the same stalk ; the white horse on a red ground in the first and fourth corners, and the rose and thistles conjoined upon a red ground in the second and third corners. THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 21 The Tenth dragoons were stationed in 1 753 Scotland in 1753; on the 21st of April they were reviewed near Edinburgh by Lieutenant- General Churchill, "and went through their exercise with great applause*."' They returned to England in the following year, and occupied 1754 quarters, in 1755, at Romford and other towns 1755 in Essex. On the commencement of hostilities with France, occasioned by a dispute respecting the extent of the French territories in North Ainerica, the establishment was again augmented, and a seventh troop was added to the regiment, of which Lieutenant Robert Atkinson was appointed captain. Lord Wallingford lieutenant, and Fred- erick Caldwell cornet, their appointments bearing date the 25th of December, 1755. The officers and men of the seventh troop were mounted on light horses, equipped as light dragoons, and were designated the light troop. From Essex, the regiment proceeded to Dor- 175G setshire, in May, 1756, and on passing through London it was reviewed by King George II., in Hyde Park. The Tenth were subsequently en- camped near Blandford under Lieutenant -General Sir Charles Howard ; in October they went into quarters at Dorchester; in April, 1757, they 1757 ■:t-5i| •?*! 1-1 I Tf'.Ml TTie British Gazetteer. 4-:::': lit^ li! 22 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 17'> 7 marched to Canterbury, and furnished seventeen detachments on coast duty in Kent and Sussex. 1758 In the spring of 1758 the light troop was ordered to inarch to the vicinity of Portsmouth, where it was formed in brigade with the light troops of several other regiments under Brigadier- General Eiiott, (afterwards Lord Heathfield,) and was employed in the expedition against the coast of France, under Charles, duke of Marlborough. On the t5th of June a landing was effected about nine miles from St. Maloes, and during the night of the 7th of June the light dragoons were em- ployed in the destruction of the shipping, naval stores, and magazines in the harbour. The troops re-embarked, and, after menacing the French coasts at several points, returned to England. The six heavy troops of the regiment were encamped on Hounslow Heath in the early part of July; on the 10th of that month they were reviewed in brigade with the royal horse-guards (blues) and first dragoon guards, in Hyde Park, by King George II., who was graciously pleased to express his royal api)robation of their appear- ance and discipline; and in a few days after- wards they embarked for Germany, forming part of the force under Charles, duke of Marlborough, sent to aid in delivering the electorate of Hanover from the power of the French. Arriving at Embden on the 1st of August, THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSAUS. 23 1. the Tenth dragoons landed on the 3rd, and en- 1/58 eami)ed on some waste grounds a few miles above the town, until the 5th, when they marched to join the Hanoverian, Hessian, and Brunswick troops, under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the 20th of August they were reviewed by His Serene Highness at Coesveldt; but they were not engaged in any important enterprise this year, and tliey passed the winter in the bishopric of Paderborn. While the Tenth were in quarters in Ger- many, their commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel Henry Whitley, who had commanded the regi- ment eleven years, with honour to himself and advantage to the service, was rewarded with the colonelcy of the ninth dragoons, by commission dated the ()th of April, 1759; he was succeeded 1759 by Lieutenant-Colonel William Augustus Pitt, a most zealous and enterprising officer, who was appointed cornet in the regiment in 1744. During the campaign of this year the regi- ment was formed in brigade with the third dragoon guards and Scots greys ; after an unsuc- cessful attack on the position occupied by the French troops under the Duke of Broglio, on the 13th of April (on which occasion the Tenth supported the infantry, but did not sustain any loss), the allied army was forced to retire before the very superior numbers of the enemy. A ft. F' k ■ ■ n 24 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1 759 series of manoeuvres ,and retreats were followed by a general engagement on the 1st of August, near the city of Minden, on which occasion the Tenth formed part of the cavalry on the right, under Lord George Sackville ; but were not engaged in close combat with the enemy. A complete victory was, however, gained, and the regiment was employed in the pursuit of the French army a distance of nearly two hundred miles; in November it went into cantonments in the villages near the river Lahn. 1760 When the Tenth took the field to serve the campaign of 1760, they were formed in brigade with the sixth dragoons, under Brigadier-General Henry Earl of Pembroke. They took part in several movements, and when upwards of thirty thousand French troops, under the Chevalier de Muy, crossed the Dymel to cut off the communi- cation of the allies with Westphalia, the regiment advanced from the camp at Kalle, crossed the Dymel at Liebenau, and took post, on the morning of the 31st of July, behind a wood five miles from the position occupied by the French at Warboiirg. The enemy's lines were attacked on the same day, some advantage was gained, and a critical moment arriving, the cavalry was ordered forward from behind the wood, when the superior qualities of the British horse and dragoons were eminently displayed. They traversed five miles of rugged THE TENTH RoYAL HUSSARS. 25 ground with rapidity, formed the instant tliey \;i]o arrived at the field of battle, and dashing with terrific violence upon the hostile ranks, overthrew all opposition, and chased the French across the Dymel with great slaughter, to the astonishment of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, who witnessed their gallantry, and declared in orders, " all the " British cavalry performed prodigies of " valour." The Tenth dragoons lost on this occasion Major Richard Davenport, Cornet Ratcliffe, one man, and four horses killed; ten rank and file and twelve horses wounded; one private soldier and five horses missing. After pursuing the French several miles beyond the Dymel, the regiment took post, with the other corps under the Marquis of Granby, on the heights of Wilda, from whence it retired on the 3rd of August, to the lines of Warbourg, where it remained until the beginning of October, and was detached on the 2nd of that month, under Major-Ceneral Howard, towards the Lower Rhine. After passin;^ the Rhine on a bridge of boats, about two miles below Wesel, the Tenth joined the troofs commanded by the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, about eight o'clodk on the evening of the 14th of October. The Prince had invested Wesel on the 3rd of that month, and a French :N 1." c 26 HISTORICAL UIX'ORI) OF 1700 army was advancing to relieve the place. On joining the camp, the Tenth were directed to unbridle, to give their horses a feed, and to be ready to march at a moment's notice. During the night, the army advanced to surprise the enemy ; but it being necessary to dislodge a corps which occupied the convent of Campciiy some firing was occasioned, which alarmed the French, and they formed in order of battle. The attack commenced before daybreak, and a most sanguin- ary action followed, which was continued with varied success until evening, when, perceiving that it was impossible to drive the enemy out of a wood, of which he had possessed himself, and the allied infantry having expended their ammunition, the Hereditary Prince withdrew his troops from the field of battle. During the action, the Tenth dragoons were sharply engaged, and the heroic troopers strove fiercely and ardently to overcome their more numerous antagonists, but they were too unequally matched to succeed. In the last charge, the regiment lost its commanding-oflScer, the gallant Colonel William Augustus Pitt, who was wounded and taken prisoner. Lieutenant Charles Erskine, Quarter-Master Dobson, three Serjeants, and twenty-seven rank and file, also fell into the hands of the enemy. Lieutenant Richard Briscoe, and four private troopers, were killed ; Capt.-Lieutenant Peter Renouard, and three rank THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 27 I and file, were wouiulcfl. The loss in troop-horses 1700 was thirty-three killed, seven wounded, .ind eleven missing. On withdrawing from the field of battle, the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick proceeded to- war<^s the Rhine, and finding the bridge of boats damaged by the overflowing of the stream, he caused it to be removed a short distance lower down tlie stream. The Tenth dragoons con- fronted the enemy while the bridge was being removed, and the skirmishers were sharply en- gaged. On the 18th of October, the regiment passed the Ithine, and afterwards encamped at Drunnen, from whence it removed to Klein Rec- kum, and subsequently into cantonments for the winter. Leaving their quarters in the midst of a 17GI severe winter, the Tenth dragoons were em- ployed, in February 17C1, in an incursion into the cantonments of the French army, when several fortified towns were captured and exten- sive magazines seized. In May, the regiment again took the field, and was formed in brigade with the first and sixth dragoons, under Major-General Eliott ; it was employed in much manoeuvring and some skirmishing, and in July it was in position in Westphalia, near the Asse river, being encamped under the Prince of Anhalt, on the heights c 2 ^•■:/ 28 HISTORICAL RECORD OF I i 1761 between Illingen and Hohenover. On the 15tli of July, wlien the combined French armies, under Marslials Soubise and the Duke of Broglio, attacked the Marquis of Granby's corps at Kirch- Denhcrn, the Tenth passed the Asse, by the bridge at Hans Hohenover, and advancing beyond Kirch-Denkern, took post in the centre of the position between the Lippe and Asse rivers. The French were repulsed with loss; they renewed the action on the following day, but were again defeated; the woody country through which the enemy retired, prevented the cavalry charging. The regiment was subsequently employed in operations on the Dymel, and other parts of the bishopric of Paderborn; in November it was employed in the electorate of Hanover, where several sharp skirmishes occurred, and it passed the winter in East Friesland. 1762 During the campaign of 1762, the regiment was formed in brigade with the Scots Greys, under the command of the Lieutenant-Colonel of the Tenth, Colonel William Augustus Pitt. Having taken the field about the middle of May, the regiment was encamped at Brackel, and subsequently on the heights of Tissel. At day- break, on the morning of the 24th of July, it was on the march for the Dymel, and having passed that river, was engaged in the surprise of the French camp at Groebenstien, when the enemy m THE TKNTII ROYAL HUSSARS. 29 fell back upon Cassol. Some sharj) fighting took 1762 place, and several of the enemy's regiments were Hurrounded and made prisoners in the woods of Wilhelmsthal. After this success the Tenth were engaged in numerous operations and skirmishes until November, when a suspension of arms took place. A fter several weeks had been passed in can- 1 76 i tonments in the bishopric of JSIunster, and the thanks of parliament received by the army, for its conduct during the war, the regiment com- menced its march through Holland to William- stadt, where it arrived in February, 1763, and embarked for England. Having landed at Har- wich, it marched into quarters at Dorchester and Blandfon^ and a treaty of peace having been concluded at Fontainbleau, the light troop was disbanded, and the establishment of the six heavy troops was reduced. Eight men per troop were subsequently equipped as light dragoons, for skirmishing and other services, for which the heavy troops were not so well calculated. On the 30th of April, 1764, the regiment ^ 764 was reviewed by King George III., in brigade with the seventh dragoons, and the appearance and discipline of the two corps obtained His Majesty's royal approbation. During the three succeeding years the regi- ment was stationed in England; in 1767 it 1767 ■il: 30 TirSTORIPAL RKrORI) OF 1 ^ m 1^' 17^)7 <»cc'U|)iod (|mirtor8 in Svotland, but retunKMl to I7()S lOii^Imul ill 17(>8, mid pnascMl tlie four following years in that part of tiie United Kingdom; in 1773 1773 it was a^ain stationed in Scotland, and in 1774 1774 in En^dand. 1775 The American war commenced in 1775, but it occasioned no alteration in the services of the 1778 Tenth dragoons; in 1778, when France united with the revolted provinces, the establishment was augmented, and iluring the summer months the regiment was encamped near i3ury St. Edmunds, with the third, fourth, and seventh dragoons, and two battalions of militia, under Major-General Warde. 1779 In April, 1779, the men equipi)ed as light dragoons were incorporated into the nineteenth regiment of light dragoons, then newly formed; at the same time the regiment marched to Scotland. 1780 General Sir John Mordaunt, K.C, after com- manding the regiment upwards of forty years, died at his seat at Bevis-mount near South- ampton, and was succeeded by Lieut.-General Sir William Augustus Pitt, K.B., from the third Irish horse, now sixth dragoon guards, by commission, dated the 2nd of November, 1780. 1781 The regiment returned to England in 1781; 17B2in 1782 the American war terminated, and the establishment was afterwards reduced. 1 783 The value of light cavalry having bt i proved THE TKNTII UOYAL IIUssARh. 31 in coiitiiu'iital warfare, uiid in the <>|H'niti were ])reserved in England; in the autumn a fur- jyoi tlier augmentation was made to the establishment u5 the Prince of Wales's Own light dragoons. In 1805, Napoleon reviewed his army and 1H05 marched for Germany, and the vaunted subjuga- tion of England ended in a vain display of mili- tary preparations on the French coast. In Sep- tember of the same year, the Tenth were removed into quarters in Essex. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales took 18()() particular interest in the appearance and con- dition of the regiment, and procured His Majesty's consent for its being clothed and equipped as " HuriSARS." "-. .' 'egiment was preserved in a state of dis- I807 cipi.i.t and efficiency which elicited the approba- tion of the Duke of York, expressed in orders when His Royal Highness reviewed the regiment on Hounslow Heath, on the 8rd of July, 1807. The Duke of Cumberland also expressed the gra- tification he experienced when he reviewed the regiment at Ipswich, on the 14th of September; and on the 5th of October, when the Duke of York reviewed the seventh and Tenth hussars iu brigade onRushmore Heath, His Royal Highness expressed his entire a])probation of the appearance and dis- cipline of the two corps. These commendations were also repeated when His Royal Highness reviewed the regiment on Hounslow Heath 01 the >-t It If 14 ! Ill 36 HISTORICAL KECORD OF m If m If, ^' 1808 28th of June, 1808. In Aug ^st of the same year, the regiment was reviewed, with the other troops in Sussex, on Ne'vmarket Hill, Brighton, by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who was plea A to express his high approbation of the martial appearance and correct discipline of the several corps. In a few weeks afterwards, the Tenth Hussars changed the succession of marches and reviews for more arduous services in aid of the Spaniards in their struggles against the tyranny of Napo- leon, and the regiment was equally conspicuous for the patient enduranc?) of privation, persever- ance under difficulties, and valour in combat with the enemy of Great Britain, as it had been for its splendid appearance and correct manoeuvring at reviews. Eight troops, consisting of three officers, one quarter-master, four Serjeants, one trumpeter, and eighty-four rank and file each, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel George Leigh, marched to Portsmouth, where they embarked in the presence of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales on the 17th, 18th, and 19th of October, and after some delay from contrary winds, arrived at Corunna on the 10th of November. The horses were obliged to swim to th< hore, and the regiment occupied St. Lucia barracks at Co- runna, ten days. It afterwards advanced up the country, and joined the army commanded by THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 37 Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore at Zamora, IHOH on the 9th of December. From Zamora the Tenth advanced on the 14th of December; but the enterprise was altogether of a different cha- racter from what had been expected. Tlie British commander ascertained that instead of a powerful army covering his advance, not a Spanish soldier was in his front, the enemy was at hand, and those Spanish armies with which he had been directed to co-operate, had been routed and dis- persed; at the same time the winter had set in with unusual severity, and the troops were almost constantly marching through snow. Napoleon had three hundred thousand men in Spain, and to confront this tremendous host of veterans. Sir John Moore had not twenty-five thousand British troops, yet with that skilful daring for which the British commander was distinguished, he boldly advanced and menaced the enemy's lines. On the 20th of December the Tenth arrived at a village in front of the enemy at Majorga, and at midnight advanced, with the fifteenth, and a piquet of the seventh, to surprise a body of French cavalry at Sahagun. The Tenth marched straight to the town, while Major-General Lord Paget (now JMarquis of Anglesey), with the fif- teenth, endeavoured to turn it. The British hussars arrived at the vicinity of Sahagun before daylight; but a French patrol had given the iK; IS' :' \ ■:' 38 HISTORICAL RKCORI) OP It ill m' 1^ ¥■ 1808 alarm, and Lord Paget found the enemy formed without the town. His lordshij) instantly charged, overthrew the enemy, and took nearly one hun- dred and fifty prisoners, including two lieutenant- colonels, and eleven other officers. Sir John Moore arrived at Sahagan on the 21st of December, and learnt that Marslial Soult was at Saldana, with posts along the river from Cuarda to Carrion. About six o'clock on the evening of the same day, the Tenth advanced from Sahagun to Cal; and on the 23rd of De- cember, two squadrons, commanded by Major Quentin, drove back the French piquets, and reconnoitred Marshal Soult's position at Saldana: the other two squadrons proceeded on the same day to St. Nicholas. Arrangements had been made for attacking the enemy; but the approach of Napoleon, with an overwhelming force, rendered a retrograde movement necessary; and while the cavalry piquets were skirmishing with the French, the baggage, and several brigades of infantry, with- drew. On the 24th of December the Tenth Hussars fell back to Cal; on the 26th they arrived at Sahagun; and on quitting that place on the 26th, a considerable force of the enemy's cavalry was seen on some high ground at Majm'ga. Lord Paget directed Colonel Leigh to dislodge them •■ff THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 39 with two squadrons of the Tenth Hussars, and i8()8 the colonel instantly led one squadron forward, the other following in support. Arriving on the top of the hill, he paused a short time for the horses to recover their wind after the ascent, and was exposed to a heavy, but not destructive tire; he afterwards gave the word "Charge," and in five minutes the French were overthrown, many were killed, others wounded, and about a iiundred taken prisoners. On this, and all other occasions, the superiority of the British cavalry over the French horsemen, Mas jjroved to an extent beyond anything that had been anticipated. The luig- lish hussars set superior numbers at defiance, and their temerity was not punished by repulse or defeat in one instance. Continuing the retreat, the cavalry arrived at Benevente on the 27th of December; they had scarcely entered the town, when an alarm of the approach of a body of French trooj)s was given, and the hussars turned out, but the enemy retired. The infantry continued their retreat on the fol- lowing morning, but the cavalry remained in the town, with parties watching the fords on the Esla. Six hundred cavalry of the French imperial guard, commanded by General Lefebre Des- nouettes, forded the river near the bridge, and drove back the videts, when the British ll hi ' *l i) ■ < / 40 HISTORICAL RKCORD f)P I 1808 piquets, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Otway, major of the eighteenth hussars*, ad- vanced, and repeatedly charging the enemy's leading squadrons, kept the whole in check until Major-General Lord Paget and Brigadier-General Honorable Charles Stewart arrived A detach- ment of the Tenth Hussars, under Major Quentin, was engaged on this occasion, and evinced signal gallantry Lord Paget hastened to bring up the Tenth Hussars from the town: Brigadier- General Stewart placed himself at the head of the piquets, and the ground was obstinately disputed, many charges being made by both sides, and the French veterans fought in a manner not un- worthy their high reputation. The piquets were ordered to fall back gradually, and the squadrons were repeatedly mingled. Brigadier -General Stewart evinced great personal bravery, and while engaged with a French officer, his sword fell, when Lieutenant-Colonel Otway gave the general his own sword, and recovered the general's from the ground. While the fight was taking place on the plain, the Tenth Hussars formed at the edge of the town, and, on receiving a signal to advance, they galloped forward. The piquets, per- ceiving the Tenth coming forward to support them, gave a loud cheer, and dashed at speed upon their * Now Lieutenant-General Sir Loftus Williiiui Otway, colonel of the eighty-fourth regiment. THE TENTH ROYAL HIJ88AR8. 41 numerous opponents. In an instant the French 1808 were broken and driven in great disorder towards the river, which they repassed with precipitation, leaving behind them about thirty men killed, twenty-five wounded, and seventy prisoners. General Lefebre Desnouettes was pursued by the hussars, and refusing to stop when overtaken, he was cut across the head, and made prisoner by private Levi Grisdall. The Tenth Hussars had three men and three horses killed, and four men wounded on this occasion. Sir John Moore, in detailing the ope- rations of the army, spoke in terms of commenda- tion of the conduct of the hussars, adding, " Our " cavalry are very superior to any the French " have, and the right spirit has been infused into " them by the example and instruction of their " two leaders. Lord Paget and Brigadier-General " Stewart*." The Tenth Hussars withdrew from Benevente on the same evening, and in covering the retreat of the army to Corunna, they underwent so much toil, privation, and hardship, from long and diffi- cult marches, and the severity of the weather, that Captain Darby and seventeen private soldiers died of fatigue, and sixty horses, rendered unable to I m * Now General the Marquis of Anglesey and General the Marquis of Londonderry. i D I 4-2 HIsrORlCAL RECORD OF it 1808 travel, wero n, d&ted,Morales de Tora,June2, 1813. " It is with the utmost satisfaction that *' Colonel Grant returns his best thanks to Major " Robarts for the gallant manner in which he led *' on the Tenth Royal Hussars in the affair THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 49 " with the enemy this day. He requests Major 1813 " Robarts will explain to the officers and men of " that corps his entire approbation of the dis- " cipline and bravery they evinced, and he feels " extreme pleasure in paying Jiis tribute to their " steady and excellent conduct, as well as to the " decided and irresistible impetuosity with which " they overthrew the enemy's ranks." Leaving Morales on the following morning the Tenth Royal Hussars followed the retiring enemy; the field was clear for the shock of battle, but the legions of Napoleon continued to fall back, and on the 12th of June the regiment advanced towards Burgos, the Marquis of Wellington having resolved to compel the French either to yield the castle or fight for its possession. The enemy was found in position near Hwmaza; the hussars, Major-General Ponsonby's brigade, and the light division turned the right of the enemy's line, and other divisions co-operating, the French were dis- lodged from their position and forced into the town of Burgos, which they abandoned during the night, and blew up the castle. Quarter- Master Cowley of the Tenth was left by the French at Burgos, and thus gained his liberty. Scarcely had the echoes of the explosion of Burgos castle ceased, when the army was again on the march towards the country round the sources of the Ebro. The Tenth traversed a i 50 HISTORICAL RECORD OF . lit ' i K II 181:3 difficult and mountainous region, the horses climbing the steep hills with astonishing agility, and on the 19th of June the regiment arrived at Savagetta, withir. a day's march of Vittoria, where the French army vvas assembled. The Tenth Ho f al Hussars left their bivouac near Subijana under the command of Major Robarts at daybreak on the morning of the 21st of June, and advanced towards the enemy's position a few miles in front of Vittoria. The right column under Lieut.-General Sir Rowland Hill commenced the action; and the hussars, forming part of the centre column under the Marquis of Wellington, advanced along the valley in the centre, down by Olabarre, to the banks of the Zadora, and supported the attacks of the fourth and light divisions. After a severe con- test of several hours' duration the French were forced back, and the British commander, seeing the hill in front of Arinez nearly denuded of troops, attacked that post with the third division, supported by the hussar brigade. The French were overpowered and fell back, and the Bi'tish pressed onward with redoubled ardour, the hussars supporting the infantry; but the country beirig so diversified with clumps of trees, open grounds, high-standing corn, ditches, vineyards, and ham- lets, that the action resolved itself into a running fight for some distance ; these obstructions limited .■:) THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 51 OH ire ■ St tue operations of the cavalry, and they were not 1813 favoured with an opportunity of charging. After pressing the enemy's centre, which was retiring in great confusion, the hussar brigade entered Vittoria at a gallop, and, turning to the right, passed through the eastern gate along the road leading to Pampeluna, where the Tenth fell in with a quantity of baggage. The left squa^ dron, led by Captain Wyndham, charged and dispersed the French baggage-guard, and while in the act of securing prisoners, the Tenth were menaced by a body of French cavalry, which issued from the town and formed in their rear. They speedily rallied and confronted their antagonists, and the next moment the regi- ment was menaced in the rear by a column of French infantry. The regiment preserved an undaunted bearing, and the French dragoons speedily v;ithdrew; the regiment then changed front to oppose th? infantry, who were intimidated by the gallant bearing of the Tenth, and, after firing a volley which killed and wounded a few men and horses, retired. The ground being inter- sected with ditchec end ravines the regiment was prevented charging; but it held its post and frus- trated every attempt of the enemy to cany off the baggage. The Tenth aft orwards pursued the rear of the French army along the Paiipeluna !i; :i: 52 HISTORICAL RECORD OP Bi 1813 road until after sunset, when they halted and bivouacked for the night. The loss of lUe regimeiit was four rank untl file and eight horses killed; one trumpttor, '>• e Serjeant, two corporals, six privati soldivrs i>iirJ seven horses wounded; five horses iBissing. On the following day the regiment resumed its march in pursuit of the French army ia the direction of Pampeluna, and alter sevoiai move- ments, went into quarters at 01it<5 ii Navarre, twc?»iy miles south of Pampeluna, as a corps of reserve to ']ie blockade of that fortress by the Spaniard % While at this station Lieut.-Colonel Qnentii; joined from England and took the com- mand of the regiment. The British infantry had taken up positions in the Pyrenean mountains, and when Marshal Soult advanced at the head of a numerous French army to force the passes of the Pyrenees and to raise the blockade of Pampeluna, the Tenth Royal Hussars proceeded from Olite to the foot of the mountains, and were formed with their brigade, on the 28th of July, in support of the right of the British line. Captain Harding's troop moved forward and skirmished with the French, who made a demonstration of turning the right flank, but were prevented. Captain Harding was wounded, Lieutenant Seymour's THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 53 !>ll r' charger and two troop horses were also wounded, isi.i and the ground being difficult, a private soldier's horse fell with him, and he was taken prisoner; these were the only losses sustained, and in the evening the regiment posted strong piquets and retired to the village of Ardanez for the night. On the following day the Tenth resumed their post, but were not engaged; they passed the succeeding night in Ardanez; were again in position on the morning of the 30th of July at daybreak, and were directed to advance and examine several small villages in the mountains, which were occupied by the French on the preceding evening; on the approach of the hussars the enemy's piquets withdrew. The British infantry having gained important advan- tages over the French in a severe contest in the mountains, two squadrons of the Tenth, com- manded by Colonel Quentin, crossed the heights from Illurdos with much difficulty, to the post occupied by the troops under Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton, and entering the valley of Zubiri, led the pursuit of the enemy as far as the town of that name, where the hussars bivouacked, sending forward patrols which brought in several prisoners during the night. The left squadron commanded by Captain Wyndham, remained at thii village of Illurdos. On the 3 1st of July, the two squadrons. i 54 HISTORICAL RECORD OF I ;■?,■ ■■)<.' I 1813 under Colonel Qiientin, advanced to Ronccsvalles, a town which gives its name to a valley in the Pyrenees ; on the 1st of August they were ein|)loyed in reconnoitering and patrolling in the mountains, and in the evening they posted ])iquets among the lofty heights, and returning to Floncesvalles, unsaddled, having been in marching order since the morning of the 27th of July. The regiment continued to furnish patrols in the mountains, and on the 7th of August, a Serjeant's party, i)roceeding in the direction of St. Jean Pied do Port, where the French had a strong garrison, waF 2;ii«.r''epted by a detachment of the enemy which ' a i ,Qv "ned its rear. The hussars dashed upoxi tIk irench infantry and forced their passage, excepting one hussar, whose horse was shot, and he was made prisoner; another hussar was wounded by a musket-shot in the knee ; Serjeant Gander, who commanded the patrol, particularly distinguished himself. On the 10th of August the Tenth Royal Hussars were relieved in the patrol duty by the fourteenth light dragoons, and withdrew to Zubiri and Tafnlla, from whence they retired, on the 8th of October, to other villages in Navarre, and on the 18th of that month, three troops marched to the vicinity of /^//mpeluna, to assist in the blockade of that fortress. At this period a remount of twenty-eight men and fifty THK TENTH ROYAL lIUSSARi=. 55 liorscs joined from England, and on the 1st of l hi 3 November the other three troops proceeded to Pampehma. The French garrison having snr- rendered, marched out witli the honours of war, and lodged their arms on the glacis. Tlie Tenth afterwards proceeded to Lizasso and adjacents, where they remained until the 12th of No- vember, when, in consequence of a movement in front, they penetrated the mountains, and were stationed at Donnamaria and adjacents, but returned to Lizasso on the 19th, being unable to procure forage in the mountains; on the fol- lowing day they proceeded to Ororvia and adja- cent villages. In August of this year the establishment was augmented to twelve troops. The army had, in the mean time, passed the Bids'ssoa, forced the French position on the Nivelle, and extended its operations beyond the Nive; thus entering upon an open (ountry, where the services of cavalry could be move- available than in mountain warfare, and in the middle of Decem- ber the Tenth Royal Hussars ^<'ere directed to advance. Proceeding through the lofty \^yren(;es by Tolosa, the regiment passed the Bidassoa by the pontoon bridge on the 19th December, and pene- trating France, (a country which had made Europe tremble at the power of hei arms,) crossed the Nive at Cambo, and irrived at Halcoy on the hi '111 Mi I ,^/<^,->^/, 50 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ?'.i "I ,1 :l8i3 22n7 1 . 24th of February, and siij)i)()rtcrisoncrs thirty-four French f the isi i Tknth was taken possession of on tlio 13tli of March hy tlic enemy; but Captain Geor^^e Fitz- elarcncc (afterwards Earl of Munster), who poin- nianded the out-lyin^ pitpicts, beat baek tlio French, and re<]^ained the lost ground. Several men of the enemy's pi(piet were wounded, and the Tenth had one man and one horse wounded. On the 14th of March the French were again in motion, and the IVIarquis of Wellington drew his cavalry posts down the Adour; the Tenth Hussars falling back on Barcelonne; but on the 16th of March the enemy withdrew witnout ven- turing an engagement, and the Tenth advanced to St. Germain. On the 17th the English general pushed the hussars up the valley of the A.dour. At daylight on the following morning the whole army was in motion; the left squadron of the Tenth forded the Adour, and chased the rear-guard of the enemy for some time. The French right was turned by the valley of the Adour, and their out-posts were driven back upon Lembege; the Tenth Hussars were cantoned at Beaumarchez, and on the following day advanced to Hartez. From Hartez the regiment proceeded, on the 20th of March, towards Tarbes, forced the French from their post on the road leading to Roussillon, and joining the army, covered the third division E 2 iM I 60 HISTORICAL RECORD OF If 1814 in its attack on the adverse force. The French having been routed and pursued a considerable distance, the regiment passed the night at some farm-houses, excepting tlie right squadron, which took possession of Trie. On the 22nd a remount squa«iron joined from England. Continuing to follow the enemy, the regiment arrived at the banks of the Garonne on the 3rd of April; passed that river by the pontoon-bridge on the 4th, and proceeded to L'Espinasse, from whence the enemy's piquets were driven. At one o'clock on the 8th of April the regiment ad- vanced, and, having driven back the French out-posts, bivouacked at Labouder. Lieutenant Wyndham, one private soldier, and two horses were wtnnded on this occasion. The battle of Toulouse was fought on the 19th of April; the Tenth Royal Hussars were in motion at break of day, and formed, with the fourth division, on the road leading from St. Torry to Toulouse. They ,vere afterwards ordered round to support the left, and protect the infantry and artillery under Marshal Beresford, which were moving along a dangerous route through a deep marshy country, crossed and entangled with water courses, and near the enemy's entrenched position. The French cavalry appeared in force, and mcnacpd the infantry under ISIarshal Beresford, but on the approach of the hussars, they retired (I THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. Gl under their guns. After a severe combat ofiyii many hours, the fortune of the day Avas in favour of the allied army, and the French withdrew within the suburbs. The regiment was exposed to a severe cannonade upwards of two hours, and had Captain Gordon and four men killed; Captain Fitzclarence and six men wounded; also several horses killed and wounded. Marshal Soult quitted Toulouse during the night of the 12th of April, and the Tenth Royal Hussars followed the enemy in his retrograde movement; but hostilities were soon afterwards terminated by the arrival of information of the abdication of Napoleon, and the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne of France. After this glorious termination of a war in which the Tenth Royal Hussars had acquired a reputation for gallantry, the regiment went into quarters for a month, and having s jnt the dis- mounted men and baggage to Bordeaux, it com- menced its march through France for Boulogne. The conduct of the regiment during these campaigns was afterwards rewarded with the honour of bearing the word " Peninsula" on its appointment as a mark of royal favour and appro- bation. While the regiment was on its march for Boulogne, the allied sovereigns visited England, and in June the depot troops furnished a guard Si.; 62 HISTORICAL RECORD OF i ml 1814 of honour of one hundred rank and file for the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia at Portcniouth, and afterwards returned to Brighton where the depot had proceeded from York in May, 1813. The regiment arrived at Boulogne on the 11th of July, delivered twenty-one troop horses to the French government to mount the guard of Louis XVIII., and afterwards embarked for Dover, from whence it proceeded to Brighton, where the last division arrived on the 24th of July; at the same time the establishment was reduced from twelve to eight troops. In September the Tenth left Brighton, and proceeded to Romford, Hornchurch, and Ilford, from whence three squadrons were removed, on 1815 the 6tli of March, 1815, to London, to aid in suppressing the riots which took place on the introduction of a bill into Parliament to regulate the importation of grain. Tranquillity having been restored, the squadrons returned to Romford on the 27th of March. Bonaparte having violated the treaty of 1814, and returned to France, the forces of Louis XVIII. abandoned their sovereign, and joining the invader, enabled him to re-ascend the throne of France with a rapidity which astonished all Europe. War with Bona])arte was resolved upon; throe squadrons of the Tenth Royal 1 1 If I THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 63 Hussars were ordered to prepare for embark a- 1815 tioii, and two troops were added to the establish- ment, Brighton barracks being again fixed upon for the station of the deput squadrons. The six troops embarked at Ramsgate in the middle of April; landed at Ostend on the 17th and 18th, and advancing a few stages towards Brussels, went into village cantonments about a day's march from that city, which was the head quarters of the army commanded by Field Mar- shal His Grace the Duke of Wellington. The Tenth Royal Hussars, commanded by Colonel Quentin, were formed in biigade with the eighteenth hussars, and first hussars Kinir's German legion, under Major-General fSir Ilussey Vivian, K.C.B.; they were reviewed on the 6th of May by Lieutenant-Genera 1 the Earl of Ux- bridge, commanding the cavalry, and on the 29th of May by the Duke of Wellington, who inspected the whole of the British cavalry on this occasion in the presence of Field Marshal Blucher, com- mander of the Prussian army. Bonaparte having by one of those rapid move- ments for which he had alv/ays been distinguished, passed the frontiers of France on the 15th of June, and attacked the advance-posts of the British and Prussian armies, the Duke of Wel- lington ordered his forces to concentrate, and the Tenth Royal Hussars received dn-cctions to II !' 1 l:i.l :!tll] ill (A HISTORICAL RECORD OF m m 1H15 iTiarcii soon after midnight. They quickly mounted, and proceeded in the direction of Nivelles ; on arriving within a few miles of that plac3 they were ordered to accelerate their pace, the French having made a serious attack on the troops at Quatre Bras. The regiment arrived at the field of battle about nine o'clock in the even- ing, wl '^ ^e action had ceased, and they passed thr flight on the ground. On the following morning one troop (Captain Grey's) patroled about twelve miles to the left, under the direction of Lie^icenant-Colonel the Honorable Sir Alexander Gordon, to communi- cate with the Prussians, who had been routed at Ligny, and were retreating. After performing this service the troop returned, and a retrograde movement being necessary to keep up the com- munication with JNIarshal Blucher, the regiment advanced to cover the movement. A little before mid-day a numerous body of French cavalry approached, and being followed by artillery, can- nonading and skirmishing commenced. The French advanced along the main road to Brussels, and the hussars withdrew by the lower road through the woods. The retreat was continued with skirmishing and cannonading, interrupted only by thunder, lightning, and heavy rain, until the British arrived at the position in front of the village of Waterloo, where the army halted for the night. ,1 THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 65 On the iiioriiing of the eventful 18th of June, 1H15 1816, a day memorable in the annals of European warfare, the Tenth Royal Hussars took their post in line; their centre squadron being on piquet at Ter-la-Haye and Frischermont, on the left of the British line, the last-named post being close to the right of the French army. About ten o'clock the massy divisions of the enemy were seen approaching, and these warlike bands presented an imposing and magnificent spectacle. Their attacks were made with that impetuosity which distinguirslies the first onset of French troops; but the sanguinary tenacity and sterling valour of the British soldiers proved invincible. Attack succeeded attack; but the fury of the assailants was met and overpowered by the firm and unconquerable spirit of the troops which fought under the Duke ot Wellington. About half-past twelve o'clock a body of French advanced against the British left, and were con- fronted by the eleventh, twelfth, and sixteenth light dragoons, commanded by Major-General Sir John Ormsby Vandoleur, K.C.B.; the Tenth Royal Hussars^ with the other corps of their brigade, taking ground to their right in sup- port. The French having been repulsed, Major- General Vandeleur's brigade resumed its former post, and the hussar brigade returned to its station on the left, where it was exposed to a heavy GO HISTORICAL RECORO OF i mm 1815 cannonade. Meanwhile the battle raged uitii unabated fury along the line, and desperate efforts were made to force the centre. The Tenth were eventually removed from the left to the centre, where Colonel Quentin was wounded, and the command of the regiment devolved o Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Robert Manners. Tlie regiment moved along the main road, where the French were making a desperate attack, and several battalions of foreign infantry wore falling back; the hussars confroiited the enemy and held him in check; but were exposed to a heavy lire of musketry and cannon. In the mean time the British infantry in squares were ex^josed to the assaults of cavalry and to the unceasing havoc of artillery, and were seen closing their ranks over the dead bodies of their comrades, and suffering no other change than a gradual diminution of front. So dense was the smoke that the noise of the approaching enemy was often heard before any object could be distinguished; on those occa- sions the floating banners, the eagles, or the polished armour, frequently became first dis- cernible; then were the adverse squadrons seen charging across those spaces where the atmosphere had comparatively cleared, and merging again at intervals into their former obscurity. While the battle thus raged with desperate and murderous effect, the Tenth advanced and supported two --^^' THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 67 squares of Brunswick infantry; the charges ofinij cavalry, and the thunder of artillery and infantry, were continued, and a large portion of the French army was annihilated. Bonaparte, regardless of past failures, ordered forward the old imperial guards, and the contest was renewed with re- doubled fury; the roar of four hundred cannon, the volleys of musketry, and the impetuous noise and shouts of the soldiery producing a scene of carnage and confusion impossible to describe. The hostile columns were checked, they wavered, and their situation was so desperate, that the Duke of Wellington, being aided by the co-opera- tion of a body of Prussians, ordered the troops to form line and rush upon the enemy. The Tenth Royal Hussars wheeled by half squadrons to the right, galloped through the intervals of the in- fantry, and formed line to the front. They after- wards advanced by half squadrons from the right and charged the French cavalry and infantry with the most distinguished gallantry, overthrowing all opposition. About forty men, chiefly of the left squadron, having returned from the charge, Major- General Sir Hussey Vivian directed Major the Honorable Frederick Howard to lead them against a square of French infantry: this little band of heroes dashed with the most distinguished gallantry upon the square, and breaking the opposing ranks killed or took prisoners nearly '; I . 68 HISTORICAL RECOUD OP 11 m 1815 every man. Lieutenaiit-Colonel Lord Robert Manners, continuing the pursuit at the head of the regiment, passed several pieces of artillery, and charged and put to flight three companies of infantry supported by cavalry on the crest of the hill. The French army was completely over- thrown, and fled in me vast undistinguishable mass along the road and over the fields, while the allied squadrons poured on their shattered flanks and rear; and the setting sun cast a fiery gleam over this unparalleled scene. The British halted on the heights of " La Belle Alliance," while the Prussians urged the pursuit. Major-General Sir Hussey Vivian expressed his .approbation of the conduct of the regiment, and told the officers and men they had completely fulfilled his expectations and wishes by charging in so gallant a manner, and that he would acquaint their colonel. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, with their excellent conduct. The loss was Major the Honorable Frederick Howard, Lieutenant George Orlando Gunning, nineteen private soldiers, and fifty-one horses killed; Colonel Quentin, Captains Grey, Gurwood, and Wood, Lieutenants Bacon and Arnold, one cor- poral, one trumpeter, and twenty-four private soldiers wounded; thirteen horses missing. The regiment was afterwards rewarded with the honour of bearing the word "Waterloo" on -Ofc^ THE TENTH ROYAL irT'^^AKS. Ci) its standards and aj)pointment8 ; a silver medal iHir> and two years' service were also conferred on the officers and men fo*- this day's achi*' .ements. After sending a : .nail party to the rear to bury the dead, tlie Tenth Royal Hussars con- tinued to follow the wreck of the French army towards Paris, which city surrendered, and the campaign terminated with the -C^toration of Louis XVIII. to the throne of France. The Tenth occupied quarters at Putaux, where a remoi?':,t juined from England; they furnished a guard .t Paris every third day until the 30th of July, when they proceeded to Beauvais, where anotli^r remount joined. The peace of Europe having been re-estab- lished, the regiment left Beauvais en route for Boulogne, where it stayed a short time, and on marching for Calais for embarkation in January, 1816, the civil authorities presented a written 1810 eulogy on its conduct to Colonel >^ufcPtin. The regiment landed at Rams^i. 'te and Dover on the 8th and lOtli of Janua.y; the weather being severe, thirty-seven horses on board the Revolution transport were lost. From Dover and Ramsgate the regiment marched to Brighton, the establishment was reduced f eight troops, and one squadron was employed on coast duty, On the 17th of January, 1817, the regiment j^j^ was reviewed by His Royal Highiie^.;? the Duke i at lMlinl)ur«rh in Juno, it occupied Picrsliill bar- racks. It was roviewod on the 26th of June by Major-Geiieral John Hope, who expressed him- self '• highly gratified with its fine ap|>earanoe in "the field, the excellent condition of the horses "after so long a march, and th<' grou^ precision "and celerity with which the nts were " performed." On the 30th of June two trou| ^ ... oded to Perth, Cupar Angus, and Forfar. in conse- quence of apprehensions of a disturbance among the Glasgow weavers, three troops proceeded by a forced march from Edinburgh to that place in August, and were thanked in orders by JNIajor- General Hope, and received the expressions of the approbation of His Majesty's ministers, through Lord Sidmouth, for their zeal and alacrity on this occasion. A detachment employed at J*aisley was also thanked by the magistracy and town- council for the firmness, temper, and forbearance displayed during the disturbances at that place. Six troops were inspected at Edinburgh on the 22nd of October, by JNIajor-General Sir Thomas Bradford, who commended their appear- ance and performance in the field. On the decease of His Majesty King George 1820 ni. at Windsor, on the 29th of January, 1820, the colonel of the Tenth Royal Hussars ascended Mi i ^y IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■^ 1^ 12.2 2.0 1.8 U ill 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 J rO^ V (V % 6^ 72 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1820 the throne of Great Britain and Ireland, and it being incompatible with the dignity of the crown for the sovereign to hold the colonelcy of a regi- ment, His Majesty King George IV. conferred the command of his Own Royal Regiment of Hussars on Lieutenant-General Charles William Vane, Lord Stewart, G.C.B. now The Marquis OF Londonderry, by commission dated the 3rd of February, 1820. The title of the corps, viz. " The Tenth, or the Prince of Wales's Own Royal Regiment of Hussars," was directed to be continued. His Lordship being at Vienna at the time, wrote the following letter to the command- ing officer. « Vienna, 26th February , 1820. Sir, " I cannot resist requesting of you to con- vey to the regiment under your command the very high sense I entertain of the distinguished honour conferred upon me by being placed at its head. "So signal a mark of the King's personal favour, as well as professional approbation, is more highly prized by me than the richest gift the crown has to bestow. To find myself the successor of your illustrious Prince, and now beloved Sovereign, in the command of a corps which has enjoyed his special parental care, and >3 /■ '. THE TKNTH ROYAL HUSHAllS. 73 " which has ever been as conspicuous for its dis- 1820 " tinguished conduct in the field, as famed for the " name it bare, overpowers me with sensations I " am inadequate to describe. " I know full well that the loss sustained by " the Tenth Hussars can never be repaired; let "me, however, entertain the hope, that my best " recommendation to them, after the royal nomi- " nation, will be found in my unwillingness to " yield to any of them in duty, devotion, and affec- " tion to the illustrious personage whose loss they " deplore, and in my deep anxiety to preserve that " excellent esprit-de-cm'ps which has been infused " into the regiment by its royal commander. " Inadequate as I am to stand in the place of " that royal and dearly beloved commander, I " hope you will allow me to unite in the prayer " that it may still be the united effort of the regi- " ment to be emulous beyond all other corps, of " his royal approbation and protection, while we "remain, like all others of the British army, sted- " fast in our loyalty and obedience to the service " of the best of Kings, and the happiest of coun- " tries. " I have, &c. (Signed) " Vane Stewart, " Lieut.-General, Colonel Tenth Hussars." " To the Officer commanding Tenth Hussars." 74 IirSTORICAL RECORD OF [820 One cause of the very excellent and brilliant appearance of the Tenth Royal Hussars on all occasions, arose from the beneficence and gene- rosity of their illustrious commander, who always gave the privates of the regiment the same cloth- ing as the non-commissioned officers, and spared no expense in their accoutrements of every de- scription, so that, without detracting from the merits of any other corps, it must be admitted, that the Tenth, in their dress and appointments, always appeared to a very decided advantage. Tn April, the head-quarters and three troops marched to Glasgow, and the squadron at Perth proceeded to Stirling, and afterwards by a forced march to Kilsyth. This part of Scotland was in a state of excitement, and the orderlies between Kilsyth and Stirling were intercepted by a band of armed men. On the morning of the 6th of April, on the arrival of the squadron at Kilsyth, Lieutenant Hodgson and nine men were ' ' antly mounted on horses belonging to the Kils^ ; croop of yeomanry, and being accompanied by Lieut. Davidson and nine yeomanry cavalry, made a rapid and judicious movement of nine miles, and encountering the offenders on Bonnymuir, received their fire, then rushed upon them sword in hand, and cut down or made prisoners the whole band, consisting of nineteen armed men, for which they were thanked in general orders by Major-General THE TENTH KOYAL HUSSARS. 76 Sir Thomas Bradford. Numerous changes of 1820 quarters afterwards took place in consequence of the disturbed state of the country, and the follow- ing general order was received. AdJutant-GeneroTs Office^ General Order. Edinburgh, 19 th April, 1820. The Major-general, commanding the forces in North Britain, has great satisfaction in ac(juaint- ing the troops of the line, yeomanry, and volun- teer corps, who were employed on the late occasion, particularly those who repelled a party of rebels on the 5th instant, between Kilsyth and Falkirk, and made prisoners a great proportion of the assailants; that His Majesty has been graciously pleased to express his entire approba- tion of their conduct. By order of Mijor-General Sir Thomas Bradford. G. H. B. Way, Colonel, Deputy- A djutant-General. Lieut.-Colonel Taylor and the troops of the Tenth Hussars employed at Glasgow, also received the thanks of the lord provost, magis- trates, and council of that city, for their zeal» energy, and moderation, when called upon to aid the civil power during the insurrectionary move- ments in the manufacturing districts of Scotland. The Tenth Hussars being ordered to return f2 76 HISTORICAL KKCORT) OF 1820 to England, Major-General Sir Thomas Bradford expressed in orders " his regret at their departure " as well as his highest approbation of their excel- " lent conduct, good order, and discipline." They commenced their march on the 1st of May ; in July the head-quarters were at Richmond, and on the 4th of August they were reviewed by His Majesty on Hounslow-heath, and received the expressions of his royal approbation. They after- wards were stationed at Hounslow and Hampton- court, took the royal escort duty, and furnished detachments at Pimlico during the investigation of the conduct of Queen Caroline by the House of Lords. 1821 At the inspections on the ^8th of October, 1820, and 11th of May, 1821, Major-General Lord Edward Somerset (the Inspecting-General of Cavalry) expressed his approbation of the condition of the regiment; and on the 19th of July following it was on duty at the coronation of His Majesty King George the Fourth. The head- quarters were afterwards removed to Brighton, with detachments on revenue duty, and a reduc- tion of two troops was made in the establishment. Its Colonel, Lieut -General Lord Stewart, (now the Marquis of Londonderry,) saw the regi- ment on the 26th of September, and expressed his approbation of its appearance ; and the same sentiments were repeated by Major-General Lord THE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 77 in regi- Edward Somerset at the inspections on the 2Cth 182? of October, 1821, and 18th of May, 1822. On the 1st of June, 1822, the Tenth Koyal Hussars were reviewed on Hounslow-heath, with the household brigade, fourteenth light dragoons, fifteenth hussars, and a brigade of artillery, by His Royal Highness the Duke of York, Com- mander-in-Chief. At the same time His Majesty presented to the officers' mess a superb piece of plate, consisting of a pedestal supporting a statue of the King, surrounded by branches of silver gilt, as a memorial of his favourable sentiments towards the corps which he had commanded from the year 1793 to the period of his accession to the throne in 1820. On this occasion the Colonel, the Marquis of Londonderry, gave a sumptuous banquet to the officers of the regiment, in St. James's Square, London, which was attended by the Commander-in-Chief, and all the distinguished military officers of the army. Not only was the piece of plate presented by the colonel, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, but likewise an offering of two magnificent embossed silver tureens was added to the mess plate by Lord Londonderry, to commemorate the joyous day, and these form i)art of a more splendid service of plate for the mess than, perhaps, any other corps in the service possesses. 78 HISTORICAL RECORD OF Us. 1822 In June the regiment marched to Bristol and embarked for Ireland, landed at Waterford on the I7th of that month, and the head-quarters were established at Cahir barracks, from whence 1823 they were removed to Dublin in May, 1823. 1824 The Marquis oi" Londonderry again inspected his regiment at Dublin, in 1824, taking the journey there expressly for that purpose ; a very fine review took place in the Phoenix Park, which excited the admiration and praise of all the military then quartered at Dublin. In July the regiment marched to Ballinrobe. 1825 After remaining nearly three years in Ireland, the regiment embarked at Waterford in April, 1825, landed at Bristol in the beginning of May, and the head-quarters were afterwards stationed at Exeter. 1826 Several movements took place in the spring of 1826, and the regiment was eventually sta- tioned at Nottingham. 1827 I^ ^^® mean time, circumstances had trans- pired in Portugal which occasioned the services of two squadrons of the Tenth Royal Hussars to be transferred to that country. Opposing inter- ests convulsed the Peninsula, and while a demand for liberty was made by one party, a return to ancient usages was insisted upon by another. The granting of a constitution to Portugal was followed by internal commotions ; at the same time, that IHE TENTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 79 country was menaced with an invasion from Spain, 1H27 and tlie Portuguese government applied to Great Britain for aid. Five thousand men, commanded by Lieutcnant-General Sir William If. Clinton, were sent to Portugal, and two squadrons of the Tenth Royal Hussars being selected for this service, embarked at Portsmouth, in January, 1827, for Lisbon, and arrived at that city before the end of the month. On the approach of a few British regiments, the Spaniards withdrew, and declared a friendly disposition towards the Portu- guese government ; a mutiny in the Portuguese army was also suppressed. In March, 1828, the British troops were with- 1K28 drawn from Portugal; the two squadrons of the Tenth arrived at Portsmouth on the 23rd of that month, and joined the remainder of the regiment at Brighton and Chichester, from whence they marched, in the summer of 1829, to the barracks ihjo at Hounslow and Hampton-court. Another great review of the Tenth Royal Hussars took place during the period they werf* on the king's duty. Their colonel prevailed on the Duke of Orleans, now Louis Philippe, king of the French, who visited England in the summer of 1829, to inspect the regiment in Hyde Park. His Royal Highness having consented to the same, the colonel took the command of the regi- ment in pers.on, and received at its head, after the 80 HrSTOUICAL RKCORIJ OF m 182J) manoeuvres of the day, tlio inoht Hignal marks of approbation and gratification from the Duke of Orleans. A groat dinner was afterwards given by the ATarquis of Londonderry to the Duke of Orleans and all the officers, at Holdernesse House. 1830 From Ilounslow the regiment marched, in the spring of 1830, into Yorkshire and Lancashire, 1831 the head-quarters being at Leeds. In June, 1831, it embarked at Liverpool for Ireland ; and after occupying quarters at Dublin eleven months, was 1832 removed to Longford in the summer of 1832. In 1833 the summer of 1833, the head-quarters were 1834 removed to Newbridge, and 1834, to Dundalk. 1835 The regiment embarked from Belfast, in April, 1835, for Scotland ; having landed at Glasgow, it 1836 remained at that city until the spring of 1836, when it marched for England, and halted twelve months in Yorkshire and Northumberland, the head-quarters being at York, from whence they 1837 were removed, in the spring of 1837, to Not- tingham. 1838 In May, 1838, the regiment left Nottingham, and proceeding to the vicinity of the metropolis, took the royal escort duty, the head-quarters being at Ilounslow-barracks. The Tenth Royal Hussars had the honour of performing duty at the coronation of Her Majesty the Queen Victoria, on the 28th of June, 1838. They were })osted on this occasion in THK TKNTH ROYAL HUSSARS. 81 Trafalgar-square, Pall Mall Kast, and Waterloo- 18J8 place, with the regimental band to the north of the Duke of York's column. The Tenth Royal Hussars were reviewed in Hyde Park on the 0th of July, by Her Majesty the Queen Victoria, together with the first and second regiments of life guards, royal horse guards, twelfth royal lancers, three troops of the royal horse artillery, three batteries of field artil- lery, four battalions of foot guards, and two battalions of the rifle brigade, commanded by General the Marquis of Anglesey; and Her Majesty was graciously pleased to express her royal approbation of the aj>])earance and discipline of the troops. After performing the escort duty nearly twelve 1839 months, the regiment was removed, in April, 1839, from Hounslow to Dorchester, where it was sta- tioned until April, 1840, when the head-quarters 1^40 were established at Birmingham, and in June at Coventry. In May, 1841, the regiment embarked at 1^41 Liverpool for Ireland; it landed at Dublin, and was stationed at that rity until August, 1842, 1842 when it proceeded to Ballincollig, where its head- quarters continue at the period of the termination of this Record, in December, 1842. 82 UECOKD OF THE TENTH ROYAL IIUH8AR8. IH12 Tlio conduct of the Tenth Royal IIirssARH (luring the eventful period of one hundred and twenty-seven years, has procured for it a reputa- tion in the British army, wliich is associated with every idea of military excellence, whether in appearance, discipline, efficiency, conduct in