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Notes on...
SITES of
HIRON
VILLAGES
IN THE TOWNSHIP
OP TAY <dlMCOB
COUNTY^
By Andrew F.
Hunter, M.A.
*^S jw^^ ^•* ■■'-.■• ':*T^
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■■%• - ,«rv
M«>v.-^v^svy*»li»;4^v:^ii'.i _ It..
'^i
- - o =
NOTKS ON
y. 7^-^
.-; 1;*S
SITBS or HURON VILI.AOliS
/ >
l\ I III
;/. . : y.
TOWNSHIP OF TAV (SIMCOH COUNTY).
y
■1 i'y.
\\\ ANDREW ['. HUNTER, M.A.
\\ \l'IM\!MX TO Till- Rl'I'OlM Ol- IIIK MlM^IIK Ol I'JH \ A I 10\.
W \\\\\ ICIv IlKii'S \ IM
rnnns III _
n'Ki:, !■■> AMI 71' I'lli'NT -^TIIIll'.T \\i;sT
1 uiO
I'KKl' ACK.
Ill tin- prcimratioii ol' tin- I'ollowiiiu' Report it di'l not apiR'ur uaa^^-
sary to cliiuinc tilt' plan fi.lopt''l '" '".V «ii"ilar n-port on the arph;«-
ohiy of the Townslii]) otTinv, i<siHMl l)y til." Education Department
last May. i'.y lollowinu' in i lie main tiie same method, vi/., iiuttino-
tlie ii.)tes into the lurm of a eatalo.u-iie of the viUaev sites, the one
hrecnies a eontumation of the ..tlier, and they may he pivH.'Vved
toijether l)y students of the history and archii'oloey (,f ..iir Hrovuice.
Separate (•ol)ies of this Hoi.ort on Tay have heen pn-paiv-l l''>i' the uso
<.f those who received my former report on tlie Townshi)) of Tiny.
A. F. KUNTKll.
i'.arrie, (»nt.. .N'ovemher. iSOfl.
¥
I
I
-I
I
!
INI'ltohlcrioN.
I'in^i< ,\i Ki ATiKK^ i»i Tav.
Liki till' Hil|()iiiiii^ ti)\s ii>lii|( i>r TiiiN llic •^iiil'.K I Tiiy i.'oiisiists
:iuiiiil\ >i\' |iiiriil!i'| liil^rs will) riv('i> lirtwein llnin. 'riicrt' is tliis
lilli'ii'iifi', liii\M'\ If , in Tiny must i>\' ilii- li'l^cs lir mliiTly williin \\i<-
(tiw n^liiji. Imt in T.-iynnly t ln' m'l,. iii'c ['uninl. ' Mir nT t lirm imhsm's
till' liiiini'lary into 'I'iny, tl llnr I wn |(iiss siiulli\v>ii'l inlo Mi-ildntc.
K'>i' nun ciiimcf I \\i!lc;ill ilir ruinni' wliidi lies lirtwci'ii tir W'yr
mill *lliiHH. i-i\,.|s, ihr \'i('t( iii.i IIhiImpi riil^i', licciiiisr it i^nils nr;ii'
Nii'luriii lliii'lini-. Till' next uiif, lyiiiL,' luttwrcn Mn^i; iinil Stiir;;f'in
rivi'i's, will III- cjillril ilii' N'jiscy riiliri', I'luni tin' niinic dI ;i \illfiyi'
ii|iiiii it, Anil till' ninst .•a'^liilv i iil^rr, Ipctwrcii Slurnuon mii'I ('hM-
wiiter rivers, will he nuincil ihc Ifo-M-innunt riil^i', I'mni tlic nnnif mI' iln
seliodlhoust' on its suniinit Those pfirts i>t the t()\viishi|i whieh lie
east of Mati'lieilasli hay are nx-ky I'reiiton limestone and haiirentifin
granite.
For showing the iiltiln<le df the land I know of no plan eijiial to
nifipping the ahaiidoned heaehe^. 'I'his method hiis a \ery import;. iil
adxaniage; a person can noti' liy direet uhservation the lines ol* eipial
altitude in these extinct shorelines without "'oinn to the trouhle of
making n detailed sui'vey l>y the use of leNclling instruments.
Accorilingly, I have ohserved their positions t hroughoiit the township,
liotiiiji; the farms in which they iippear, and I gi\e the lesiilts of these
observations in the accom|»anying m;i|).
The highest of these old shorelines is t he Algonipiin heucli. which
has an altitude of about 2.')() feet above the [)resent level of ( leorgian
liay It is a stupendous fieak of Nature — an indelible mark on the
face of the country— representing the expenditine of an innnense
amount of lorce liv sti'one' w.ivi-s in the removal and assortment of
MiatiM'ials. The Algompiin Sea that formed it, waslied away such
• (uautities of movable material (clay, s;ind andgrnvel) from the exposed
northerU' emls of the ridges that latt'e ti'acts of boulders are left. It
])icked the bones of the ridges as it were and left them liare. A l;irge
tract of this kind lies immetliately south and cast from I'llliott's ( 'or-
ners. and sinnlar tracts occur on the \'asey and Kosemount ridges.
No Huron village sites occur in these uniidiabitable stony tracts.
About KK) feet lower is tin- main beach of the Great Ni|)i.ssing
series, or about lot) feet above Georgian Bnv. To give all four beaches
I ,1111 iiifiTined that tliis i'i\ ci' is su calk'il t'lmiL mm I'arly .Metliuilist iii'e.-iclu-r
iiuiiiiii; tlu' < >iil)ways.
8
N
of this Nipissiny scries would iiuiivt' a coiuplicjitetl ma]) and would
involve endless and iinnecessaiy work. So 1 have mapped only the
most strongly marked one of the series. The name "Great Nipissing'"
lias lieeii given by geologists t)eeanse the outhft of this great lake to
the sea, V)ei'oi'e the hirth of Niagara river, was hy the present and
lesser Lake Nijiissing and French river.
At tile ends of the ahove mentioned ridges there wei'e islands
standing out from the mainland in the (Ireut Nipissing sea oi' lake.
One of the largest of these e.xtinct islands lies in a .south-easterly
direction from the outlet of Hoyg rivei', and is a t:ract of isolated high
gi'oun<l Cvtvering an area of .")0() acres or more. Before the f(«"est was
cleared away these extinct islands were separated from each other and
from the ridges hy thickets.
The adxantages to the study of the suhjeet. gained by introducing
these references t(j the <ild lakes and beaches, consist merely in the
ease with which they give the altitude of the huid throughout Tay,
and thus elucidate its ])hysical features. They have no connection
with Huron occupation, except in so far as village sites are of ti'U found
near the springs that issue along those oM lines. The heavy cui'ving
line ill the map denotes the (ireat Nipissing beach; that v<ith fringe,
iutenially, showing the hills, is the Algonquin.
The roails, also, and road allowances are marked on tlie map, so tleit
the reader can adopt a scale for any measurements he may reijuire.
In that part of the township called the Old Survey, which consists of
Concessions One and Two, the sideivjads are placed at every fifth lot
and are a mile and a (piarter apart (100 chains). The lots in the First
C'^nce.ssion are a mile and a ijuarter dee]), but those in the Second
ha\e a de])tli of only one half of that amount. Concessions Three to
Fourteen make up the New Survey. These are five-sixths of a mile
wide ((i6H chains) and have sideroads at eveiy fifth lot, or a mile and
seven-eighths a]iart ((100 rodsj. bearing these measurements in mind,
a reader may readil}' calculate any di.stanee. The lots are numbered
from the .south in liotli old and new .surveys. Tlie ujijier corner of
']"ay is omitted from the map, but will be found in our lle]iort on the
Towiishi]) of Tiny,
.Vltogether. I will gi\e descri])tioiis of forty-six sites. The plan of
proceeding will be to begin at Mud Lake and procee(l southerly and
easterly through the township
Tin: \[i,i..\r!K Sitks,
The village sites desci'ibed are only those known to the writer up
to this date, without any claim to comjileteness, which in the present
state of the subject would be im]")o.ssible. Much .sami'iiess will bi-
I
>'\\
lii]) and wonlil
ppcil only tlic
n-at Nipissint::"
ijfc'ilt lake to
ic present an<l
e were islands
!*>■ sea or lake.
south-easterly
:)l" isolated liigii
the I'oi-est was
each other and
by introt hieing
merely in the
hronghont Tay,
no connection
h are often t'onnd
heavy curving
hat Vvith fringe,
i the ma]), so that
he may recjiiire.
.vhicli consists of
, every fifth lot
) lots in the First
e in the Second
cessions Three to
sixths of a mile
lot, or a mile and
renients in mind,
ts are nnmbei'ed
up])er corner of
lur Keport on the
tes. The plan of
■d sontherly and
to the writer np
ich in the present
sameness will he
foun<l in the descriptions of these, especiall}' the villages upon the
liiglii'r gr(»und of the Vasey and liosemf)urit ridgis. Some readers
may he ivady to censure me for this apparent defect, liut the fault is
not mine. There would he variety enough if faiuiei's and others had
noti'd facts with more minuteness than they have done. Hut, as a
I'ule. they ha\r observed oidy tlie most general features. Hence the
saiiiriifss in the descriptions is due to the charactei' and present stage
of ad\ancrment of the sidiject with wlr- h we have to deal.
Some of the so-ealled villages, especially those on the lakeshore,
have been mere campiiie' "founds where successive tfcnerations of
Hurons and other sedentary tribes of the interior camped from time to
time wliiMi on fishing and other i'\])editions ; and such ])laces now have
the appearance of villages. These lakeshore villages, after being
Hiu'on landings, became Algonfjuin camp-gi'ounds, the result being a
mixture of I'elics on these spots that deties classiticatioir Such places
are found beside the sheltei-eil bays and harbors along the shore, while
the landings at ])oints(very few ol' which we have attempted to record)
are (juite recent an<l were ehietly used by modern Ojibways.
It will be noticed that on'\- a b'W bone-pits occur at the Hni'on
\ illages ol' Tay, and these are continecl exclusively to the Victoria
Harbor ridge, which doubtless was the abode of that " Nation" of the
Hurons called 'he '■ Atai'oncln'<pnons,' ()nthe\'asey ami Rosemoun.
ridges there are bone-pits, thougli these are not in Tay, but are found
farther south in Medoiite township.
Still anothei' b'atnre is lnought out in our sui'vey of the township
for \illage sites: and if oui' collection of data makes any approach to
being exhaustive, the feature may be received authoritatively. 'I'his
is the mniierous distribution of small villages within easy reach of
Sturgeon Iviver, along both sides of it. it a])pears to show that the
river was a resort of tlie Hurons. which may be accounted for by the
fact that it was a goixl fishing gi-ound. It has se<lgy baid\s and
accordingly was a favorite haunt of tishes of the ganoi<l and pike
tamilies, as its name indicates.
ThK HisTokm S\\)F. ()]■• IIIK SriMECT.
In so far as these Notes have any historic significance, it will l)e
readily seen that their chief feature is our attempt to throw .some light
upon the |Misitions of those early missions of which Ste. Marie was the
centre: and. more particularly. t<> find the \ill,\ge of St. Louis, where
Brebeuf and Lallemant were captured, sind also St. Ignact' whei'e thev
.vere put to <leath. ilesides the Fort of Ste. Marie on the Wye, partly
])rotected by masonry and ])a!tly palisaded, the villages numl)ered 4, ti
N and \2 in oui- list show evidences of palisading; and fi'om other eon-
10
siflei-iitioiis, tlit'Sf four iiiav li»' i'e<;ar(lt'(l as lii'loii<rin'' to tln' \rrv latest
Huron pcrioil. Otlicr villai^fs may liavc been i)ali.sa<l»'(l likewist", liut
those arc the only ones oF which I have cei-tain eviilence. It will lie
most natni'al, therefore, to seek for the pahsailed villages of St. Louis
and St. Ignaee amon*^- these i'our. Onjthe various points aiising out
of these (juestions, howe\cr, it is not intended to otter our su»;'gestions
as anytliing more than pliUisihle conjectures.
One of tiic first persons to inxestigato tlie situations of tlie Jesuit
missions appears to have lieen tlie ilev. P. Ohazelle, who \ isited tlie
• iistrict in 1S42. Somt; years Liter (in IS.").")) the Rev. Felix Martin
also made a tour of exploration in Ftui'onia. It will he most suitable,
in this connection, to (piote fi'om the brief account of t»his tour con-
tained in a biographical sketch of this painstaking inxcstigatoi' :
" The ajitness of Father Martin as an anti(piary was known by the
tneii in the Govei'nnient. and the Hon. George M Cai'tier enti'usted him
with a commission to exploiv. on the spot, the site and the i-emains of
the ancient Huron nii.ssions in Tpper Canada near Geca-gian iSay. i^>y
care Fatlier Martin found the traces of the ancient ])Osts of the Jesuits
in that country where thev had so niaiu' martvrs : he collected many
Indian relics, he afterwai'ds made a work endieilishei) with plans and
drawings, the whole having been deposited at the .seat of Government.'
The next investigator was IJr. J. (.'. Tache who undertook some
furtlu.'r exploration of Huronia at intervals in five years prior to IHiio.
Parknian, in his work>., has (juoted these archajological researches of
Tacht', and thus has given wide currency to Tache's \iews of the |)osi-
tions of the mission sites.
It ap])ears to have been Father .Martin who fixed ui)on a village
Hite on Fox's farm in Medonte township as that of St. Ignace : and in
this Ijeliei' Dr. Tache afterwards examined the site somewhat minutely.
This early decision as to what place was the .scene of the tortures of
lirebeuf and his companion received wide acceptance through Park-
man's publication of this as the tiiU' ])osition without any doulit. But
it is certainly incorrect, and the l)est informed students of the subject
have refused to recognize the claims of Fox's farm, as its distance from
Ste. Marie is nuich greater than the written descriptions justify.
In Tach(''s time there were comparatively few sites known. Since
then, however, much new knowleijge has been won, an<l a solution of
the problem of finding St. Ignace, as well ms the other mission sites,
has become po.ssible. It may involve more labor than the first investi-
gator antici])ateil, but I'eliable c(tnclusions have l)ecome more attain-
able. This is chiefly due to the fact that the greater part of Tay has
been settled since Tacht' visited the district. The first .settlers of the
Vasey Ridge vent there about thii'ty yeai's ago : thos(" on the Ro.se-
till' very latest
likewise, liut
ce. It will \«'
;('s of St. Louis
nts ;i rising out
)ur suii<j;estiitns
s (if the Jesuit
who visited tin-
I'Y'lix Mart ill
•e most suitJiV)li'.
this tour C'ou-
esti;.^Mtoi' :
s known hv the
■1' entrnsteil him
1 the remains of
[»rnian I Say. Ky
■<ts of the Jesuits
collecteil many
with plans and
of dovernment.'
undertook some
ars ])rioi' to 18()5.
ical researches of
I'iews of the jiosi-
il upon a villa<;e
t. Tjinaee : and in
mewhat minutely,
of the tortures of
ce tlu-oui^h Park-
t any douht. But
nts of the subject
.s its distance from
ions justify.
tes known. Since
and a solution of
:her mission sites,
im tlic first investi-
K)me moi'e attain-
■r part of Tay has
rst settlers of the
bhose on the Ro.se-
11
mount llidge, altout twciity-tive years auo. We now learn from thesi-
settlers tiie charaeters of the \ illaye sites there. They had no pali-
sades, and accordin«;ly St. r^naee was not one of the villages on these
rid;;es. Fox's site was chosen tlirou.uh the uncritical usr of Ducreux's
map, which siiows the St. lyiiaer of aliout JTi-K). For tin- purjio.se of
clearly distin;,'uisliinir thesi' two places, it lias hrcn ih'cided to call the
one we aie now seekin<i-, St, I^nace IF.
Neither ean Ducreux's ma|) he taken as n niiide foi- the St. Louis
of l()4-!», as it shows the ])osilioii of tlif one of ahout KJ+O. Throuiih-
lUt the text of this ivpoit, I lia\e called the one of later date, St.
Ijouis 1 1,
As reuards the distribution of the other mission sitrs as laid down
by Ducreux, I am inclined to l>elieve that each mission marked a
district isolated by physical features; and whether wr assume the
villai^es in a <,'i'oup to have been contempoi'aiy with rach other, or to
have been the .same villa<^e at ilitferent periods, each i^i'dup of villages
so ilivi(h'(i physically seems to havr had its mi.ssion. The Itosemount
Ridee, for example, woidd naturally be the care n\' one of tin- nnssions
marked St. Jean and St. Joachim.
TlIK FoliKsT Tk.mi.s.
The physical fi-atures also govein the courses of tiie forest ti'ails,
which, so far as I have located them, are shown by the dotted curving
lines on the maj). As one may also see frijui the map, the continuous
high ground, alcjng wlii(di trails i^ould l)e made, makes its nearest
aj)proach to the Oeoi-gian Hay at the head of N'ictoria HaiI)or. Hi-ie,
then, was the commercial centre of the Hurons, as it has also been ot
later Algoncpiins. tn otlier woi-ds, the [)hysical features of the district
were such that Victoi'ia Harbor l-eeame naturally the focus ca- centre
of population, the trails radiating from the head of the liarbor in
several directions inland along the higher ground. It apjtears to have
been tliis very centre, the lieait of the country, that was smitten in
Itill) : otherwise the Hurons would not ha\c so precipitately <leserted
their eountry after the captui'e of only two of their \illages, had these
vilhiiTe's been of the oi'dinarv unfortilied kiiid.s.
Amongst the i-esults ex[)eete(l from the laiblicatioii of this repia-t,
it is hoped to correct a nund)er of popular eirors and wrong imjires-
sions that ai'e unduly ])revalent in the tei-ritory with which we ha\e
<lealt. There is, of com\se. the usual tratlition of "' buried treasure>,'"
always to be found in connection with historic rejiorts. and in this
locality it is even more rife than elsewhere. ^Llny intcdligent persons
-.^
12
mv iiiipri'ss('(| witli the idea that trciisuri's Imvc been Imried at tlu'sti
Iiistoric idacfs, wliercas in roiility there is nothiiifj iiioiv jjrecious to l>o
toiuid than chips of old brass kettles or woi-n-out toiiialiawks. But
tlie beliel' ill 'treasures" is fleeply rootcvl. aii<l in a few places it even
results in retieence when iiifoniuition is souii'lit, and thus obstructs the
course of ^'uileless scientihc en(|uiry. As a rule, howevcT, the t'arniors
of Tay. as elsewhere, have been extremely courteous while I was
prosecutiiiLr my eiu|uirit.'s : and it is hoped that the report will further
stinnilati' them and others to observe closely the Huron remains in
their respecti\(' neii^hliorhoods.
Of wide prevalence is the en(»neous opinion that Fox's farm in
Medonte had tliesiteof St. Ij;nace 11. where the two early inissionaries
were tortured to death by the IrcHpiois. Father Chazelle's earlier clioiee
of a sile on Stui'ijeon Ki\er lor St. I^'iiace has almost been l<jst
>ii;ht of liy the a^'ceptaiice of the Fox farm theory. I>ut his theory of
Victoria Hailior as the site of St. Louis still lin^^'i's, and with a slight
chano-i' ii becomes the truth. The ii'jfaidine' of the human bones found
at the site on Sturtieoii l!i\fr as the remains of Hrebeuf and lialle-
mant. is an opiinon still current with a few of the older persons. F>ut
the opinion that ''The Chimnies" on the east side of Matchedash Bay
Were early l''rench strnctuies. is now almost ob.solete. Sueli errors as
the.sf, it is hoped, will be finally cradicat«'d by the perusal of tliese
notes.
DESCltllTlUNS OF THE VJLLAdE SITES, ETC.
1. SaMIIM, I). FliA/Kli's.
On the east end of lot 101, conct'ssion 2, (Samuel D Frazer,
Es(|., owner). Huron cani]»s ha\c been found scattered over an area of
five or six acr.'s. Mr. Frazer has lived here since lSo9, and has been a
{•lose obseixcr in everything that has ])ertaiiie<l to the aborigines, as
well as in other matteis. He states that cornhills were numerous near
this site at the time the land was cleared. These cornhills were of the
large kind described in our Rejiort on the townshi]) of Tiny, |iage 1'i.
Relics of till' usual kinds have becui found, and also a few others less
common, among which was a discoiflal stone measuring an inch and
three-fourths in diameter ami ti\e tMLihths thick, slightly pitted near
the middle on each side. 'J'his was pre-^ented by Mr. Frazer to the
Pro\ incial Museum, and is No. 10,702 in the arclweological collection.
Mr. Frazer has befriended the science (jf arclueology in other ways,
more especially by the presentation to tlie museum of a sword, dated
IGl'.l. also found in this neighborhood. The position of this village
1.-}
n Imi'ied at tliosf
lore prei-ious to be
tomaliawks. But
cw places it even
tl ins ol (Struct s the
,\'over, the farmers
!OUs wliile 1 was
report will further
Huron remains in
luit Kox's farm in
) early missionaries
/A'Ue's earlier choice
almost been lost
Hut his theory of
;, and with a slight
luniian bones found
IJrebeui" and i.alle-
older persons. But
(,f Matchedash Bay
te. Such errors as
he pt'rusal of these
SITES, ETC.
(Samuel D Frazer,
Lered over an area of
1HS9, and has been a
to the aborio'ines, as
; were nuuieroiis near
cornhills were of the
hip of Tiny, pa^e 1-^
ilso a few others less
icasurint- an inch and
:, slightly pitted near
by Mr. Frazer to the
'ha-ological collection.
olo'-'V in other ways,
■nm of a swonl, dated
osition of this village
doul)tless indicates the dire<ti(»ii taken by tlir trail tliat led westward
from Ste. Maiii^.
■2. Sl'K. M.\MIK ON THK WYK.
The ruins of Ste. Marie, the fortified mission Imilt by tin
Jesuits ill 16:5!) and occupied by them for ten years, may be simii on
lot 16, concession :>. It was a stone fort and is the most noteworthy
object of historic interest in Huroiiia, thf)ugh in its pifsent crumbled
condition it can be called only a ruin of a ruin.
■...^>"
I'l.W 111 >TK. \| \i;iK UN TIIK W ^ K.
i:v nil: i;i;v. (Jkh. IUi.i.kn (in IS.V.;).
W'liile prejiaiing these notes, 1 was favoi'ed by Mr. Ivlgar Hjilien,
o\' Orillia. with the u-e of a ])laii of Ste. Marie made in 1S.")2 by his
father, the late llev. (!eo. ILilleii. With his pernii.«sion the ainiexcid en-
graving has lieeii made — a special favor that will bo of much \alu<' to
students of lii.story generally, as the present condition of the fort
scarcely admits of the iiiakiiig of a detinite sketch, .\lthough the
small tracing of the fort in F'ather Martin's Montreal edition of Bi'es^-
ani's Relation was copied from this ])lan of Mi-. Hallen's, it lacks a
number of <letails given in the original sketch.
14
'^J'Ik- Miitlior of the ski'tcli wrote ii iiotf thfr-cdii tlwit is wortliy of
x)Ui' attention: '■ In tlic (riistfi'ly ) llfistion, is an instanct- of tlu- Hank
ol" a hastioii l>cin.f cni'vcd witli its convexity towards tlie interior of
till' work, insteail n\' lieini; rectilinear." The original sketdi also fur-
nishes ii.s with means for tlio mcasuivnient ol' the dimensions of tlie.
Tort. The enitains on the two sides fortified liy stonework are a])-
proxiniately 110 and o? feet in lenu'th ; while the extreme measure-
ments in .straio-ht lines alonu' the same sides (/. c. incdudinj; the widest
reaches of the bastions) are al)out l(l') and 110 teet. The distance
fi'om the I'ort to the river is 44 yards. The trench ah)n(T the .soutlierly
tnri
the
vSte.
27!) 1
]il'i'.s|
., the
I
sonii
snial
Ne\\|
tlu' Hank
Ulterior <•*'
1 alsii t'lir-
Diis ol" lln'
iwork are ap-
•ome measure-
ino' thf widest
The distance
T the southerly
viid is not continued in tlir diji<i[raiii licyond the stonework, hut some
have oliservrd this to he continue*! in a southeasterly direction to Mud
l^ake, thus trivin;:' doul)le access for water coiium;^' into the tivnches.
In the event of w sie;^-e, if one course shou'd he stopped the otlier niij^'lit
111' ke])t ojieii.
xVs e\ery ohservei will inxariahiy record featiwes that do not
"strike" another ol)sorser actiiiu' independently, it may he interestin<,'
to compare Mr. Halien s plan with one made hy Petei- Burnet, P. li-
Surveyor, who sketched the place in lS7(i. The latter plan, wliich
also lielontjs to Mi'. Kd;;ar Halien, iiicludi;s all the environs on the west
half of lot Hi. hut we reproduce thrrefrom only the t'ortitication itself.
It is not my intention to j.;ive an extended description of the fort
lii'ic. as it has often Iteen descrihcd in accessihie hooks. I will adil a
few hihlionrniphical notes for the guidance of those readers who may
ish to pursu(! the suhject further. The carefully ju'cpired deserij
w
tioii hy the lie\. Feli.\ Martin in his Life of .Io^ues is worthy of
till' readei's attention, as he visitctl the place in LS.")'), when the fm-r
^\as ill a moie couiplete condition than it is in at jn'csent.
Bll5l,l«M!l!AI'HV.
Adam. G. Mercer. (ieoi-<;ian I'.ay and the Muskoka Lakes. ( Pic-
tui'csiiue Canada, Vol. 11.. Toi-onto, liSS2).
At )»a<;-e .')S2 there is an account of Fort Ste. Marie on the Wye and
the Unrolls.
Bain Jas,jr The |)resent condition of the old French Fort at
Ste. Marie. ( Pn.c. Cana I. Institute, .Mrd Series. Vol. III.. 18-S6, pp. 27S
279).
Boyle, David St^^ Marie. (Fourth Annual Hepoitof the Canad.
Institute — Appendix to Report of the Minister of Education — Toronto,
lH!tl).
The notes on Ste. Marie, at pa;.fes IS and I!), <leal ehietly with its
present condition.
Bressani F.J. Relation Alire-^V^e. (Montreal, lfS52. Edited hy
the Rev. Felix Martin).
Has various reference to Ste. .Mai'ie. It contains also at pao-e •.\:\:\
some notes hy Fatliei- Martin (jii the ruins of Fort Ste. Marie, with a
small plan of the fort.
Charlevoix, Francois X. de. Ili.story and licneral <lescription of
Ni,'W#France.
In Rook VII there is a description of Ste. Marie.
Harvey, Arthur, and Alan Macdougall Kmty-tliinl Aiiminl
Kcport of tilt' CiiiiMil. Instiditc. 'I'l-Hiisnctioiis, 4tli series, Vol. :>. IMii.
A ri'lVi'ciiee to the excui-.sioii made to 8te. Miirie on Sept. 2S, IH!H,
mentions the feivtnres of the fort ieco^'ni/(!(| on thiit oecasion. ineliulin^'
the " water ;^ate. '
Hunter, A F. Note on Ste. Marie on the Wye. [Bnrrows'
Reissne of the .lesuit llelations, (K. (J. 'j'hwaites, Editor), ])at;e 2<)!J,
Vol. 19, with sketch map at pa<-t' 270).
Lalemant, Jerome, lielation de ce ipii s'est ])as.<(' en la mission
des Hun.ns, (.Imu-, lU:}!) to Jnne, j()4()).
('hap. IV. De la residenoi' fixe de Sainte Marie.
Martin, Rev Felix Life of .logues. Appen<li.\ A. cctntains a
carefully written description of Ste. Marie;, which Father Martin visited
in liSo').
Parkman, Francis. Jesuits in Noi-th America.
In < 'li.ip. 2.5 there is a lengthy descripticjii of Ste. Marie.
:{. .loiiN McDiat.Mirrs
Remains of a few Ciimps have been fomid i>n the northwest corner
of Jnliii McDermitt's farm, the west half of lot I '), concession 4. The
iiidications ai'e that this was a small villajj;e, havintj no palisades', — tlie
few scattered l(jd»;('S having been placed there because of some spring's.
The position shows the probalile route taken by the Huron trail that
led from Ste. Marie eastwai'il. This lay aloni;' the south ed<fe of some ele-
vated Lfround (islands in the e.stinct (jireat Nipissing Lake)— the district
immediately s(juth of this trail having been occupied in Huron times
bv hunnnocks surrounded with thickets and by small streams (lowing
into Mud Lake, the ground there being accordingly unsuitable for much
travelling.
4, TllK Pl!<)l'.AHI.K SlTK Ol' St. LoI'IS JL
At another part of Mr. McDermitt's farm (lot 1."), concessioii 4)
there is a much larger accumulation of blackene<l soil and ashbr(|>,
mixed with relics. The site is near the line between the west and east
halves of the lot, but a little way into the east half. It is situated on
a hill, almost, if not quite, surrounded l>y low ground : and on account
of occupying such a position, it is evidant prima Jar ic. that the village
had l)een ])alisade<l. From this place to Ste. Marie the distance is
about a nn'le. Just west of the site rise .some springs from -which the
pou
imii
so
it w
the
bee;
sel(
late
(■'
app
us.
mih
latt
amc
whil
naiil
I raj
noti
f
roil
r
il AnmiHl
,1. :',, IS! 12.
. -is, IS!>I,
iiicl(»<liuj;'
[Burrows'
]iii«;l' '2()l>.
la missinii
contains u
ivtin visited
iNVt'st corner
ision 4, The
ilisiiik'S, — tlic
■ioiiK" springs,
■on tiail tliiit
[eot'souKelf-
— the district
Hin-on times
eaiiiH llowing-
able i'or nuich
concession 4)
and asl\br(l>,
west and east
is situated nn
.11(1 on account
hat the village
he distance is
loni which the
I
1
villaj^e hiid Imcii ^ileiititully su|i|ilitd witli iVoli water. One niiiii
while jilouyhin;,' i>m tlie ^ite a few veins a^n», found an iiirtlieii pot
(wliicli Itroke on li.iiiLf distuilied) and in it were six iion tomahawks.
Northward t'roin tiie \ illa;4C there was a ijraveyard coiitainiiiL; a few
lairials, wdiidi, so far as oliser\ri|, weir of tlie isolated or sin^de type.
The skeleton (if a person of Very lar^e jiroportiniis was found ainon^^
tiu'se. An;4iis Mcl)eriuitt, a laotlnrof the landowner, counter] twenty
lod;;es III (he site, the usIiIkmIs ol camp tires, rte., lirinLT in some plaei's
as niueji as three feet in thickness.
it is proliahle the site is that of St. i-ouis II.. the second \illaj;e
taken and hunied hy the rroijuois in March. l(i+!), and tlir one at
wdiich the desuit niissionai'is. r.iidi( iif a.id halleniant, were captuied,
heine' le(l thence to St. Ij^fnace, where they wire jait to death. Aniont;'
till' considerations that lead up to this conclusion are the followinff : —
{(I) The si/e estimated hy Mr. Mcl)erniitt, \i/.., twentv lodges
(I'eckoniiiir the usual numlier of fnur or ti\e families to e\ crv lorlce),
would he nearly the size of ,Sl . Louis as recorded liy the Rev. Paul
Raj,nieneau. Accordin;f to that chmnKder. about 500 Hurons had for-
saken the place at the first alarm, lea\ inj^' SO wai'riors to tij^ht the
Iro(|uois.
(/') It was on the only route frian Ste. Marie eastward to N'ictoria
Harbor, the commercial eentii' of tie- ilui'ons hereabout. As we
pointed (lut in <»ur desci-iptioa of the preceding site, the ifroinid
innnediatelv siaith of this trail was not suitable for travellin<' : and
so tar as it has been examined, it yitlds no traces of villages or trail.s
{(•) The relics found at this place ari' of such kinds as to show that
it was a village tjf the \ (^y latest pt'riod of th<; Huron occupation of
the ilistrict. The existence of palisading also tends to ))ro\e the same,
because, farther lia(d< in (he country, the Hu illages of earlier date
seldom had [lalisades. Of all (lie fortified \ .ig(!s btdonging to that
latest period yet found, this is the nearest to Ste. Marie.
(d) As to the distance of St. Louis II. from Ste Marie, a litth*
apparent diversity in the evidence furnished by the lecords confronts
us. Raguenean gives us the distance as not moi'^; than a league (two
iidles and a half) : but Regnant explicitly makes it ninch less. The
latter writer uses the name "St. Ignace" (really ajiplied to the mission
among all these villages, as Ragueneau also ttdls us) fo" the village to
wdiich the two missionaries had set out. and does not mention the
name "St. Lonis." He gi\ es the distance as 'a shf»rt (juartor of a
league" from Ste. Marie. The site under consideration, therefore, is
not at variance with the conditions pj escribed by either writer.
(c) Wherever .situated, it is a fact that St. Louis H. could be seen
from Ste. Marie, as all tlie writers agrtM^ in stating that t1i<ise in the
2
laijuuiM
fort could M'<' tln» liiiiniiii' of tlir villairc Tliis riiniislii's n well-
mitliciiticntf'd ti-st. Kioin oliHcivatioiis ihmiIc iiputi tlio ;;iouihI, I IouihI
tliiit, inokiii^r castwarfl Iriiiii Stiv Marie, (lie only plapc wliere sja'cta-
t( s could soc a tire in tlic tlistaiicc was at this very site. A hiiuiII
tract ol' t'levatfd ;;r()inid, cisini; ont of t'vcr^fii'i'u tliickftM, clost-s
till' view li'oiii Sti'. Marie toward llic soullieast, and dis(|naliHfs
flu" sites faillifi alon;i' tlie trail at the head of N'icloi-ia Harlior from
heini; the place we are seel<in;i;'. It is ([uite li'iie that, in a Honlherly
direction, hud there ])een a coiitlayraticai at site Nn. 10 on the hi,e|i
j^rotind of th(( inierioi', it iMij;lit have luen seen from Ste. Marie across
the edee of Mud l,al<e: hut No. JOas well as t he adjacent .sites Nos.
11 and 12 connected with it. alth(tn^h re<.jarded Ity some mh St. licaus
il. have failed to satisfy other conditions.
This di.scuHsion of St. I.onis II would he incomplete without .some
refeivnci's to the \ iew.s held hy others in ree-jird to its ])ositi(ai.
Fatliei' (dia/.elle wlio visited the locality in 1.S42 appears to have
Ihcm the lirst to i'oi'm any opinion on t he suhject. A tishinj;' \ illae^e
at the iiiiinth of Ho^^n- lli\rr (No. 7). the landine' place for the \illa<j|;es
of the iTitei'ioi', was the only site tlieii known in its nei<iiihorhood ; and
he fixed u|)on it as the site of St. L<Miis II. Father .Martin and othei-
I'mpiirers followeil hini in holdinif tlii.s opiniijii. This, however, was
determined in accordance with the diagram of Huronia in l)ucreu.\,
which, as they failed to perceixe. shows the earliest position of St'
L(aii>, as we have ali'eady |ioiiiicd out in the introduction.
Others ha\e ree'jirded the site No. 10 as tlie place. This opinion,
howox ei', .seems to have heen the result of the lindin^' of a vei-y lar<;'e
honepit there, sueL;t,'stinijj to the popular mind that a mas.sacre had
taken place, and recalline' the ti^ht at St. Loui.s II. To tho<e who
understand how a lionei)it was formeil ainon;f the Hurons. \ iz., hy the
aceiUMulation of human hones for a peiiod of several yeai's, the findinj^
of this pit pi'o\ es exactly the o[)posite of a massaci'e : in fact, it fur-
nishes a yood proof that the site was occupied in time ot peace and
was not St. Louis II. In othei- res|)ects, al.so, the site forhids tlie ide.-i
that it was the captured \ dilate.
.Vti'ain, the site on the Kvans farm (No. (i'jlia.s presented some prn<.-
!;Me indications, and the reader is referred to our (h-scription of it for
fuller ]iarticulars Hut a strong' ohjection to the Evans site lie.s in the
fact that it was hidden from St<'. Marie l>ehind some hiirli trvound.
!
.'iiii
..t
noti
St.
hy
am
hell
th.l
-M.-
an
■ I I Hi
5. Nev's.
On the west side of Victoria Harbor, some ahoriginal remains have
beevi found on lot 14, concession 5. These remains con.sisted of the
10
•s 11 Wfll-
iil, I I'oiiinl
A small
;t'tH, cliisi'S
(lisiHiiiiitifH
iirlior I'nmi
I Houilit'ily
)ii tlif lii^li
lai'ie )icn'S>
t sites \ns.
s St. [joiiis
itiiolll SdllM'
lion.
jirs to lifivc
liiiij;' \ iiliij^f
the \illii;^<'s
Di'liiKxl : iiiwl
II and (ttJK'i'
lowi'vcr, Wiis
ill DuciTUx,
isitioii lit" St-
Tliis opinioii,
a scry lai'^f
uussiici't' lm<l
'() tlio^t' vvlio
s, viz., I)y the
•s, the tiiiditi^f
fact, it t'ur-
I ot pt'iK'i.1 and
bids tlif> idi-!i
HI soinp prod-
tioii ot" it I'oi"
iitt' lies ill till-
1 jjrouiid.
f
I
ii>iial |iuttrry t"ra;^iiifuts niid utlu r idics in aslilicds, Many caclics i>r
«'iii|ity pits air at tlif sitr. 'riitic is also a patch ol" second-growth
tii'fs -what is called an " Indian cliaiinj,' ;" lait tliis pliciioiucnoii may
111 jKiitly due to thr Im(U of nia\il, ^i) niMch ot" which is to he found
there that the Midland Railway has an extensive " (Iras el I'il " neai- it.
Hilt it may also he at lenst partly dne to actual cleariiin-, as the ances-
tors nf siaiie of t he present Ojil.way Indians at ('hiistian Island an-
-uid to ha\c ;^iown their corn at this jilaee, and liscd here. It must
mIso ha\e liceii a lainlin;^' place for the earlier Huron Indians.
(i. K\A.VS'.
.\ Huron viilaife site ■•\isls on the K\ans farm, the west half of lot
\'2. e(inees-<ion •"), at i\ ■^hol•t distance from the shdi'e of N'ictoria llar-
hor, and on the e|c\;itei| ground of an old lake terrace. It is now
aliuosl oliliterated hy the farm liiiildiiios, orchard and garden, and it.s
first appearance when the uroiind wa-. m-w is ditlicult to L;et correctly
recorded. IJut the late Will. Kvaiis. who lir.st .settled tliis place, and
whose family still occupies it , ;(ave Mr. A. C Oslioriie an account of
what he fouml. and to Mr. ( )shoriie 1 am indel)te(| for the follow iiiiLl'
description : —" Mr. K\aiis Imilt liis lo;^' house many years at,fo. and in
diiiji'in^ the cellar found almut six feet of ashe.s. Iiar<;-e clumps of
eherry trees, remains of corn deposits in liireli hark, charred remains
of palisades, lar.je iiumliers of tcMiiahawks, knives, stone iiiiplemeiits,
and relics of \arious kinds were also tVaind. The site is admirahly
.adapted lor det"eiice on one siile <aily."
Kroni the scanty e\ idence that has come hefori; me, I liaxc 1 u
;il)le to conclude that this villae'e. althoue-h occuiiied duriiiir the time
of the French traders, did not heloiie' to the very latest period. It is
not in full \ iew of Sle Marie, and accordiiiL:l\- cannot he reo'arded as
St. Louis 11, Ijecause the Ipiirniii;,^ of that ill-fated vilhiet' cduld lie seen
I py the spectators at Ste Marie.
A slua't way to the sout hwai d of this \ illaii'e site, the er( mud makes
another aliru]it rise, the faces of the steep hills heini:' eosered with
lien y patches. On the hit^iiest plati'aii was the conipatch lie|iiiiL,diiif to
the village. This is situati-d on the laa'thwest (|ii,ii ter of hit 11. \Vm.
.Maun'han, the owner, h.as found many cornhills on his land. There is
an excellent view from this hi<ih },n"ouiid, o\ crlookine' N'ictoria Harhov
and the more distant islands.
renianis have
usisted of the
7 \'i;nt's.
At the mouth of Hoee Ki\er there is the site of a \illai:f. occuiiied,
louljtless. liy Hurons as well as hy AlediKjuiiis of later times, as the
20
'<]u)ri- mT Victnriii Unrlpor wasn luMniii' rrsmi of Imlians until witliii.
i't'C«>nt ycais Itn poHitiun .m ihc md ol' n tiuil sluiws timt il wuh ii
lisliinj^ \ illii;,'!' Mini )i " ]i<»i't (>r I'liti'v ' I'll! till- \ illM;,'cs of tin- iiitri'ioi'.
It is sitimli'd oil ilic iiisi li.iiik nl tlir i i\ri, un lot |:i, coiici-ssion (>,
((i(>(i, N'liit , iiw iHi) I'ltttrry riii;;iin'iits wi'ic |)l<Mi;4liri| up licrc, aini
(itlnT rt'li('»-, ilM'lllilillL; tWn ilniililf-liiirn'il rrnssfs, ji hii-^fc niii' tind u
silDlll one. Tllc crnsscs Well- Inliil'l lllilliy ynU's ,i;ii» liy Ulli' ililIU)'^
Mnloiii'y wliili' plitiinhiii;; I'ni tin* uccii|»;nil of tliiit tiiiic, .Imiit's ( !oyIt',
illl'i W lie J)|(S(lltf'<i lo llli Ui'\, I'lltllcr (y'lllllrsf ol' l'riirtaii;;iiis|iorH'.
Tlic site lM'loii;,f<'(| III the .■mlii'st llnroii |(c'i'in(| ,is tlir putlrry Uiv^-
IIK'nts J^<» (o show, luit tllr i|(iul»l»'-li;nit'(| crosses !i;|i| ,1 liiori' iccctlt
oi'ii^iii. |ii'ol»iilily in tlic ri^fjitrcntli ci'titiirv,
'I'liis site luis aci)iiir'i| sonn' iiii|tortiiiiri' IVoiii tlic I'm't (hat it \\a^
known as early as l.Sl'_V when the Kev. Father T. Clia/.e||f, S,.)., visiteij
it in the lielief that il was Si. I,onis II. This was an eiToneais view
as we have elsewlieie saiil, liut it was eviilcntly due to the lad that
there was no other site then known, and lo the afc(.'|)tan('e of Diicreu.x's
niaji MS a uuidf foe the |io>itioiis of i he missions in 1(140. It was,
however, M clo.se M|»|)i(t.\iiiiati(ai to the iiiie |io-it ion, as the reader may
inftT from the facts as now iniderstnoij.
|i\- following;' the I rail up the east hank of the river a little way,
the men with Kathei- C'liazelle found ti'ees markid with liulian " l»la/es."
( >ne. a larije flni, was marked with a cross, proliahly to show the fork-
in" of the trMil at the i»lace. This was at tlm so-called " Indian clear-
in<>" ' on lot 12, shown in oui' dia;L;iani of the next site.
It may he of some interest to add tliat Kather ( 'ha/elle, w hen oii
tliis early e\]iedition to lioyu' Miver. held an open air meeting' (eitluT
at the •' Indian cl<'arin>i' " or at the outlet). He preached to a con-
coiu'se of settlers on the suliject of the massaci'e of the early mi.s.sion-
aries.
I
4
N. TiiK l*i!oi;.\iii,i', Srrt; *>v St. I(;n.\ck II.
Through the farm of (.'has. E. Newton, Esi|.,the west half of lot II,
concession 6, the Hofj^ liiver has cut a couloir or path in the old lake
bed deposits to a depth \ar\'in^ from Hfteon to twenty feet. In this
part of its coui',se the i-iver makes a loop soinotliin<( like the letter I',
which encloses an ideal spot for a villatjc retjuirine' means of defence.
Hurons selected for one of their villages this plot of eiound, coii-
tainini!" four or five acres, in the bend of the river. This yround is
covered with ashbeds and blackened soil, mixed with relics. The lat-
ter consisted of iron tomahawks, knives, pieces of metal pro))ably cut
out of worn-out brass kettles, and ])ottery frajfinents in endless quan-
\VI
ii<i|
nol
is
•J I
witliiii
it WIIH II
iiit< rim .
•I'ssidfi t>,
ici'c, mill
I' iiikI h
I' iliiine.'^
•s ( 'oylc,
i,niis|i('ni',
•rv tVii'^'-
IT rrcriil
lilt it \va^
.1.. \ isitcii
r ill^ vi('\V
t'flCl tllill
|)liclt\ix'>
It was,
mlrr uiav
little wav,
I'
l)ln/.(.'s. "
' tlic I'dfk-
liiiii cli'iir
', w lit'ii oil
ill;;' (ritllrr
to a coii-
V iiiissioii-
fof lot 11,
u> olil hiki'
t. In this
r l.-ttrr r,
t' tlt'tViiec.
on 11 J, coii-
s ground is
The lal-
obably cut
lloss quail -
lltii's. All tliisr lilies hIiow tliHi till- site WHS one of tlio«i' occupicfl
lown to tlif \i-i'y lal"st |MTi(«| nf tlf Hiiiini uc(Mi|i.itioii ol' tlir ilisti'ict.
Tlifif art' iiiiptv I'uclics at tin- >iti aiwl a |iollci\ jiisl smitli of it,
'.vlici'i' till' olay is of ;;oi»l i|iialily I'ur |ilustic work. Mr. NfWtoii lia.n
"X|M'riiiiiiiti il sucpt'ssfullv ill making terra riitiii t'riaii tin; saiiu' <'lay.
b°*'« in, \jt,i d\
}^ im tj9 'yvet (tud •u.u.? Antiwn
^ t/i< /ndvun Xienrma,
A'o rl/i <■ rlij ho a it da nj of V X^^^'li TVc a/*/ 'un'i'jn r'ln '
■■■/■A ^ ■
Tin; l'llii|!.\i!|.|-; slTK nl sr. I(,\ \i I. II \Sli lis li.WIUuNs.
WllKIlK llltKllHI K \Mi I.M.I.K\nsr »I.,1IK. II I lii ukatii. .SImiiII, liir.i.
What a[i)>t?ars to have lu.Tii " tin- villuye t-nni patch" occiirs mar the
hou.se of Win. IjcniK'tt on lot 10 ainl it may have extended as far
north as the site itself, thoii;;-h the ('iilti\ated >,numid no loii<.;-er shows
any traces of the corn hills. Krom this site to Ste. Marie the distance
is :{.■; miles.
•).>
A trail cttiiics tVoiii Oir Lfikc hy tin; way of Wavoi-lcy, mihI jiiNt
before rciichiiijir tliis place isdiviilrd into two strands, one |)assinn down
each side of tiie rivei'. These meet a^ain at the " Indijin ('kvirinn" nn
lot \'2. which we mentioned in coinicction with (he List site, 'i'he
trail down (he e;ist side us far as the " Indiini ( 'le;irin<,'," and thence to
the mouth of the river, wms widened, niiiny ycirs iis^o, into ii (loveiii-
nient ro;id, now ilisiiseil.
It is prohMhle the so-eidled " Imli.-in t 'learini;' " is due to (he ur.MVelly
soil, which would not i»ernu( of tlit> growth of I rces, rather than to
actual cloarlni,' liy the almrinines. Hut, whatevi,'r its origin, it was
cer(aiidy a resort of (he Indians, the fork in the trail having heen
here. These ( rails were u 1 liy (horn until recent years when (he
erection of fences olisdMieted (heii' course
The plot of ground in (lie heiid of the rixcr lias heen calli'd ( 1h'
■' Jesuits' Field " lor many years, liut liy whom it was su-nanipd is not
known to Mr. Newton. Nor has my eiuiiiiry so far elicited any
explanation of the name, unless it liecanii- connected with the place
from (he visi( of Hev. 1'. Chazelle, S .1., (o tlie nei<j;liliorhood in IS42,
as descrilied in (lu account, of the last mentioned site. It is not
evident, however, (hat he visi(ed (his plot on the west siilc of thi
river.
This spot lias also the usual t radii ions of huried ( leasure, in e\cu
^•reater niimliers than elsewhere, if that were |i().ssii)le Thus, the |{cv,
.1. II. McColliim, rector of St, Thomas, Toronto, who was here , -it the
o])eiiin<i' of the AiiLjlicaii church in i Ml, makes a reference to one of
these ti-aditioiis in his accouiK of the place wri(ten for (he (^i(in(<liiiv
ell II rclniiK II ; —
■'This hapjiy \ alley was once (he scene of (erriiile enconnleis
hetween (he lliirons and (he sa\a^'e lro(|Uois; and in (his \ alley the
early missionaries to t liese iinliappy H'A men huried (he, sacred vessels
of their church to .save them from destruction. The pl;ice is known
as the ' .lesiiit's Me;idow ' to this day,"
It is prohahlr this site in the river's heiid was St. It;nace II., the
first Huron \ilia^e capturcil hy the Iroipiois in the early moi'niiio- uf
March It), iti4ii, and the |ilai'e to which Ihchi'iif and Lalleiiiant were
hrouujht.a lew hours later, and (hei'c (ordinal to death. Its distance
from Ste. Marie eoiiicid"s pretty well with the records, all the writtMs
aij;reein:4' (hat it was less than two leagues (five miles), and alioiit a
leaifue from St. Louis, which, in my opinion, was the site at Mr.
Mid)eniiitt',-> (No. h,
lint the s(,ron_ifes( ex idfiice is in (he coiilioina( ion of the ground.
Hex. V. Ka^iieneau's accoiiiU of the place i^lvelation. 1 1)4!)) suj^j^ests a
•23
Mild jllsl
n^ tltiwii
riii^' " ciii
t.'. Tilt
liciu'c to
< Inver ii-
4r!ivt>lly
tli.-iii to
1, it whn
iiii;' I)t'('ii
lu'ii tin
illlt'd llir
fil is Hot
it I'd any
lit' jlJlUT
ill IN4-J.
t is not
t' ..r til.
', in cNcn
. thr II. v.
\v a( till-
to on.' .if
iiiiiiil III})
icon lit. 'I-
iiUcy the
(1 Vt'ssi'ls
s Uiiowii
.' il.. til.'
in I inn' III'
flllt W.ll-
iliHtiinc-
■ writcis
a 1 Hint a
■ at Mr.
^I'.iiiiiil.
i,i;!j;i'sts a
plan ol' til.' \illau[.' and its i»iui r. .uiidinL;s, an.l t.'IK lis lit't'.ircliami .>f
what a|i|i.'aiiiiH'('s w.- may .'Xji.'ct t.itiiiij lli.'i'.'. H.- says:
' l( was surroiin.lo.l liy a palisa.io ol |>.)sts IV.ini lilL't'ii |.i >i\ti'.'n
I'i'.'i lii;,di, and liy a dt'cji trciwli ( I'osso), wit li wlii.-li Nalur.' had |).)\vci-
lnlly stri'iintlii'iicl llw |)lac.' .m three sid.vs. a siuull sjiac' al.)iie
reiiiainiii;^' w.-ak.'r than tli.- .ilheis. Il was thioiiuli that part ilie
enemy t'or.'.'.l his ('iitraiic.','
While this .leseripti.iii .)!' St. lonac.' II. will ■-uit, in some measure,
.iliiiost any palisa.led sit.', Ii.'caiise th.'.s.' w.'r.-. as a rule, j)lace'i .m a
spur of land, the (•.aiiplett'iiess .if the I'orl ilicat i.m, .'llectod liy Naliirt>
ill t his cas.'. w as such as to at I raet the attention ol' the chroiiicIeK w)»o \
wrote til.' .I.'scri|)t ion just .pi.it.'d. .At'le a .lili^ciil s.'arch tlji'mi^h \
the sites ol' the district, I can liinl iioii.' thai mi I'XaotK' Airrees with
this dcsLM'ipt ion ol' St liiiiace II. as this .sit.' .m .Mr. Ncvj'ton's larin.
!• Mr I'.lllNsoN s wii 'r.\vi..ii!'s.
/
A \ illa^.' sit.' on the t'ariii ol' .luhu lliitchiiisoii. the east litilt' nf lot
10, concession o, exl.'ii.ls iino the ailininiii'^ farm of h.'vi 'l"a\:J<l1'. lot !).
Ill a li.'l.l of Iwelv.' acres al tli.' sdiith sid.' of Mr. I lut.'liilisou's rariii
he has I'.iun.l lli.'s.' camps chieliy almiL; tli.' I.iot of a hill, aeaiiist tli.'
lac.' .if wdiich the alian.lon.'d li.'ach.'s .if the (Ir.at Nipissiiii.'' Lake are
slr.ai^ly iiiarUo.l. Tli.-r.' is ii.ithiiiL; in the appearance of tlu'se stiai;-
Liiinii' camps to in.licate that they lia.l li.'eii palisade.l. Tin' villaij;.'
was plentifully siipplie.l with water; a spring issues just north .if
what wiiN the most thickly populate. I urouml ; ami the llonii l!i\er is
divi.led into two parts at the fr.int of the farm, on.' pait^ llowino- ii.'ar
the sit.'. Th.' ashh.'ils liav.' yiel.led the Usual r.'li.'s
An .'iiyraA-iiiii "' " « !">' I'M"" found upon Levi Taylors
larm, is rejiroiliieed her.' fr.iiii the \rclia'olo<;ical Ke-
p.irt for |S!)7 N, pai:;.' lif S.mie cariioni/c.l c.irncolts
have li.'.'ii f.mnd aiiniii'' tli.' r.-iiiaiiis. and coriihilU
wer.' \isilile when th.' land was first put uinlei .'iilti-
xali.iii An aijfL;r.'eate of m.tre than a .lo/.eii iron
tomahawks lia\i', at xari.ms times, he.'ii I'oun.l hy .Mr.
1 1 utchinsiin in his Held.
A lioii.'jiit was iliseover.'.l in the \ear 1S7'.' on Int !> (I,e\i Tayl.a s)
near tlii' lioumlary lin. of Mr. Ilutchiiis.ni s larm. It m.'asur.'d ali.uil
twelv." f.'t't in .liamct.r, ami tlie depusii of liumaii holies w.'iit to a
depth of alioiit si\ I'e.t Im'Iow th.' level of the siirroiiiiiliiie; yroiiml.
I )c.lnctiiiL( two r.'.'l for the vacancy at lli.' top of the pit. caused l»y
siiikasjfc, l.'iix es the tlii.'kiiess of lli.' .I.'p.isit at ah.ait four feet. Th.'
li.iiiepit has K.'.'ii till.-il in ami is ii.iw ploiiijlieil ov.'r. ,\ short account
•24
ul' it iippenivd, at tlif time it was found, in the Oriilln Pdrl.rt of St'[t-
tciiiber 5, 1879, and this was reprinted (thoujili the source was not
imlicated) in the Toronto {Ihtili/) Ulohe of Septend)er 10, in the same
year. Mi\ Hutchinson eontii'iii('<l, in tlie presence of the writer, on
July oth, liSiM), thf vaiious parti;'uhirs cited in tliis printed account.
'I'lie pieces of copper had prohalily l)een sections from kettles ohtaiiied
from Flench trach-rs. Tiic sliape uf one seen hy myself was trape-
zoidal, its sides beinn' about a foot lon^^', and its parallel ends two and
four inches respectively. Two or thi-ei' skulls taken from the pit had
i-ound holes in them. We reproduce here the original description
exactly as it appeared in the newspapers above mentioned : —
"While loL'gine' on lot !), concession .'). I'ay, Mr. John Hutchinson
an<l Messrs. (}. Hand Hueh Mills discovered a large giave,C(»ntaininjj,
they supi)o^e, in tlie neighborhood of five .Innidred bodies. They
o])ened tlie grave and ol)taine(l two tomahawks, bearing a Kivncli
stamp: four pieces of coppei'. each resembling a sole of a ))oot, of dif-
ferent si/.es. and wrapped in l)uckskin which is still fresh and strong:
one clay tol)aeco pipe, and parts of two sea-shells, one in biir preserva-
tion. The bones are those of peopli- much al»ove the present ordinary
stature. The searcliers saw a few children s remains, but i hese were
not in good preservation. A large trei- was gi'owing above, and luul
sent its roots down thiough, the grave. Mr. Hutchinson Hnds many
pieces of Indian crockeiy in clearing up his farm (lot 10)."'
Some camps that may be reckoned as part of this village occur on
land of Wm Taylor, the west half of lot 9, concession 5. abutting the
farm of his sou. Le\ i His land extends over the hill already men-
tioned, an<l it was on the lower ground where these camps wei'e found.
On the high<'r ground, howi'ver. near his <1 welling house, the point of
a sword (ten inches long) was found in IS99 and from time to time
iron tomahawks in consideralile nundx-rs. As many as .seven were
to be .seen at one time lying aroun<l the house.
< Ml the east half of lot M. concession ."> (west side of Hoofg River),
there were ba'inerly found a few potte'ry fragments, ii-on tomahawks
and clay )iii)es when the lam; was clcaie<l.
The scattered village that we have; iust tiiushed de.sci'ibin<>- mav
have been the mission marke<l Kaotia on Ducreux's niaj). though this
mission was more probably the group in the 8rd concession at lot 10 ;
but so inexact is the ma]i just mentioned that we can scarcely decide
which place is meant. The Rev. A. E -bmes, of St. Mary's ( 'ollege,
Montreal; has a wide accimiintance with the liteiattu'e of the missions,
and makes Kaotia icU'iitical with St. Anne's ((h'i/h'.i Neiri<- Letter,
.luiie -iit 189!M.
25
V-
It'
on
It.
e.l
)(■-
nd
ad
on
10. Joiiy Houoiithxs.
A site on lot 10, concession :i. at which two lioncpits li.ivc Itt'cn
found, has attained to inoir than ordinary Tanii'. So many |)ci-s()n.s
have seen or heard oi' one oi- the other of the lionf|)itH here, and men-
tion it to cminirors, that it has hccomr the most cflobratt'd anioMj,' the
many interesting' sit<'s of tlu' district —a fact that is perhaps also
partly due to the j^reat size of onr of the pits. It has hecn stated to
myself that the first pit was (xamitied liy the late Dv. Tache durini^'
his c.xjilorations of the I'eniains in Hni'onia. Whtitht-r this statement
V)e corrector not which we havf no means of knowing hecause Taches
work is chiefly tmpuhlished). one of the pits was Cfrtainly known at
an caih' datr. It was often described a.s Kri'in<;ton's, Ix'cansc that was
the name of the first settler near it, thoufih it was not located on his
farm. ltap]iears tohavebeen sinic the timeof l)r. Tacln' sallejfefl visit,
however, that another larj^e bonepit was discovered neai' the first, the
discovery of the latter haviiij^- taken place in 1.S7N. it attracted some
attention in tlu,' newspapers at the time, an<l one of the parag»aphs
(from the Oakville Express. Nov. I. 1 878), we give herewith : —
'■ A large pit or ' ca\e ' has lately been discovered on (near) Mr.
\V. Erringtons farm, near Wyebridge, in which to aji])earan('e were
tht! remanis of aljout two thou.saiid pt^rsons, besides brass kettles,
beads, pi])es, and othei- Indian lelics. It is supposed to l)e in the
vicinitv of an old Jesuit fort, St. Louis, where in 1()49 there was a
terrific struggle between the now almost e.vtinct Hurons ami the
lio(ju()is."
The sIcuUs in this .second bonepit are said to have been arranged
in rows. Among the articles found in it we,-e a block of copi)er, some
co])per kettles and braids of human hair. I \ isited this famous site
on .July 7. 1891*. and inspected the ])it just d<'-<cribeil. It ha.s a diam-
eter of twenty feet ami is situated on tiie southciist ((Uarter of lot 10,
the owner being John Houghton.
What was described to me as the body of a dnld was found in one
of these pits (probably the tirst one discovered), wrapped in fur, and
placed in a copper kettle, the o\ide from which hail protecte<l the
tlesby remains from <lecay. Hut this may have been only ])art (jf a
child's liody, as de.scri|)tions are sometimes unintentionally distorted
e\cn bv e\ ('-witn(>sses. It is not impi'obalile that it was the specimen
that ultimately foinid its way into |)r, Hawtree's collection, and is
designated ' F'orearm and hand of a child from Sepnlchi-al Tit."'
riiere was a cornpatch at this site, a portion of which may still be
observeil in the woods tiear at hand There was a trail from here to
\ ictoria Harbor, and if there was anothei' trail in sununer leailing in
26
a tlirect line to Stc. Mai'ie, tlir only pjissfihlc routr wouM V\r iicjirly
Avliere the I'onrtli com-fHsion line is now locateil, ami would cross at
least three e\er^reeii thickets.
It will lie ol)s<'rve(l that the writer ol' the |)araifra|ih, (mote(l al)o\c.
^i\es criMJeiiCf to the view that the site under consideration was that
of the mission of St. Louis Jl. ; and the late Rev. .I.W. Atniis, a Metho-
di.st niiiiistei', who devoted some attention to thi' Huron sites, hehl the
same o])inion. 1 am inclined, however, to regard this place as thr one
marked Kaotia on Ducreux's map. An<l as a village liad to be niox fd
for sanitary i-easons aluait everv ten \ears. the two adjacent sitfs
(Nos. 11 and 12) would pi'ohahly indicate the same village at ditierrnt
periods ol' its existence.
II. Whethei' the campfires of the site just deserihed are situated
near the liC)ne[)its, or whether the marks of habitation thiTt' are nidy
tliose incidental to the corn})atch, is not yet clear. 1 1 is estal)li>lieii
beyond d<,>ubt, howevei', that many ashljeds of canqis occur on the west
half of lot 10, concession o. Wm. Hnnes, the tenant, has found many
pottery i'ragments, pipes, stone a.xes, and iron tonialiawks, tlie lattei'
being numerous.
12. On the east half of lot !). concession o, there is a village site
that shows some evidence of fortification. It is situate(l on the le\e'l
top of a hill or sjuir ol' high grotnid, and was probably |ialisaded.
Aslibetls are ininierous, and there was a I'efuse heap or mound, in all of
whicli the usual relics ha\e been found. The lot is owned by .1. ]).
Carscadden, Elliott's ( "orners, and occupied by the family of Syhcster
Cam])bell, Midlan<l.
l:i A village site occurs on the east half of lot 91. concession 1,
Cornelius McCarthy, an early settler in the disti-iet and the first per-
son to settle upon this lot, being still the owner. Stoni' axes, iron
tomahawks, tobacco pipes, pottery fragments and other relics have
been fonn<l at this site, whieh was located at natural springs of water.
14. On lot 87 (east half), concession l,a \illage site is met with:
also a l»onepit and ten or rnoi'c graves or small boneitits. These were
openi'd chiefly (hiring the time of occupation of the late Anthony
Latanville, who was the owner of the farm foi- many years. Prof.
Henry Montgomery (now of Trinity University, 'i'oi-onto) writes as
follows of a relic found hei-e : "The piece of large c<ipper kettle, witli
beavei' skin adhering to it, and which 1 donated to the rniveisity (of
Toronto), was taken from an ossuary on Latan\ ill(;"s place." This relic
is No. liS") of the ITnivei'sity collection. The villau'e site eo\-ers about
three acres, and .springs rise at it, uniting and flowing into the Wye
Kivcr. Iron tomahuwks wry,- nnnu'rous. A pie'Cf ol' li-iid foiirtwii
poiintls ill vvciu-lit was fonii'l ; jiIso l.iillits; and a ncinhlior, Tlios. Mc-
Dowell, once found a (^iiii.
1"). A villaff site occurs on the west, lialf of lot 85, concession 1.
Cliarlos Elliott. wVio now occupies the farm on which the next site is
locati'd (No Hi), was formerly ihe owner here, and during,' his term of
owiicrshij) pottery fiaL;tiients, ii'ou tomahawks, etc., were touml.
Refuse iii(.»uiids, iiidicatin-- jirolon-vil haliitation. occur at this site
wliicli is near the stream ludonL^iiiL;- also lo the next site, hut on the
ojipositc hank.
1(i. The \illa,ue site numhereil heiv is hx-ated up(.n the west half of
lot S4, C(air-essioii 1 (('has. Klliol t, owner ). l^)ttery fragments, tohacco
pipes, iron tomahawks and other relics lia\f liei'ii found. The site ex-
tcn<ls acro.ss the Petietan.uuishenc Koa<l into \Vm. .M(d.i-IIan's ].lot of
l,M'ound, <ai which have also hen found many iron tomahawks, pipes,
etc. At this site, which is heside a stream, two empty caches or hid-
iii;;," pits occur on .Mr. Elliott'^ land.
17. On the west half of lot 4. concession :l. occurs a site, l>ut it does
not appear to 1m' .so extensive as others on hiuhe-r i^'rouml
(Georfxe Simp-on. owner). It is locateil heside a sfeam
that runs into Hooe' Uivei' at a short distance from it.
They have haiiid here various i-clics, including iron toma-
hawks.
1<S. A villae-e of considerahle si/.e existed on the south-
west (juarter of lot 77, concession 1. ( leoiee hawi' isthe
present owner, hut many remains wi'iv found in the time
of Robert (lorman the former occupant. Two refuse
mounds were formerly to \n- seen, showine- that the vil-
lage had heeii a ])ermanent one. Ashheds occur over an
area of about four acres, and they I'ontained numliers of
iron tomahawks, .^lass lieads. pottery fra-nieiits. pipes,
itc. A stream rises here and llows into llo^-^- Ri\er just beyond the
Simpson site ( No 17).
19. Many relics h:i\-e been pieke.l up on the I'.aunister homestead,
lot 7t), concession I. These included iron tomahawks, .^tiaie iixes and
]>ottcry fra.e-meiits. indicating; the occnrrence of Huron camjis. But
whetlier these were outlyinu habitations of the last mentioned villaov
site (No. 18) or a distinct site altogether. I ha\e not been able to
decide. When the land was cleared cornliills were to lie .seen on t he
east part of thi.s farm. In connectinn with the ureal abun. lance ..f
28
Huron corn patclies, mt'iitioncil so t'nj(|iu'iitly in tlicse notrs, I li.ivo
obscrvtMj thill rndian coin at the present day niatuivs villi threat
rapidity on tin- tine sandy loam of tins locality.
\ arions other sites occur in ttie iniinediate neiiihhoi'hood ol" iht;
liannistei' farm. l)Ut just beyond the boundaries of
lay township. It is not our intention, therefore,
to take notice of tlieni hen . Hut tlu! occurrence
of some camps where many interestin<f relics liave
lieen found may l)e mentioned in pasaini,'. 'I'hese
aie on lot 7<), conce.sHicjn 1, Tiny, the farm formerly
occupied by the Bell family. A finely carved i)ipe,
having' a repicsentation of what was probably
intended foi' a bear, wa.< amone" the relics found.
20. South-easterly from the mouth of Hoe^- River, and standinjj' out
l)y itself, is a tract of hijjfh i^round on wduch some villaj^'e sites are met
with. undoubtedl\- Huron in their oiwin. One of these is on the west
half of lot 11. concession 7, occupied by Joseph iJi-lfry. On thi.s farm,
and near the site now under consideration, thei'c is a piece of land wliere
111' lai'y;e trees hatl yrown in the forest that formerly covered the phict;
— in fact, just such a bare patch as we found at No. rS. Some persons
supposed tliat this also was an " Indian clearinti'." but in reality it was
merelv a ''ravellv natdi. where the .soil was unfavorabh- to tlie growth
of larye trees. The a.sh beds hei'e occupy a kind of shelf of land that
slopes towards the nortli, .and they e.\tend westward across the .seventh
c<»nctssion line, a short way into the farm of Sherman Helfry, east
half of lot II, concession (J. On both farms tlie occupants lia\e found
ii'on tomahawks. t(jliacco pipes, and the usual frai>'ments of earthen
pots W'hei'e the C(jnce.ssion line crosses the site I obserxcd many of
these trajfuients in ashbeds, besides other e\idences of Huron occupation.
As higher o'lound lies along the south of the camps, and as their form
is not com])act lait strintjjdike. it is pretty evident that no palisading
evei- existed here. It mav thei'cfore be conclu<led that, althouo'li the
village was inlial)ite<l (bn-ing the time of Kreiich ti-a(h'rs (as the toma-
liawks show), it was not occu|iietl at the latest jiarl of that period.
21. < >ii the next farms .s(juthward, but se])ai'ated from the last site
by the slightly lugher gi'ound just mentioned, llie remains of an im-
jioi'tant \ illage liave been found. It is situated on the noi1h-east
(juaitei- of lot 10. concession (Kdwai'd Crooks, owner), but also coxcrs
a portion of the scaith-i^ast ipiarler of the same lot (Wil.son Crooks,
owner). Its position is on a high tenace with low ground along the
.soutli. The remnins have been found chietlv at the fronts of the.se
29
two farms, ncjir tlic (IwcllinM-lHiiisi's ami t'anii lniil(liii«;s. Here tliry
lifivc found (|naMtitirs of iron tonialifiwks, tuliiiocn pipes, jidttt-ry fru;;-
iiieiits, otc. : ami coriiliills in ahuiidiiiiff! wrrc to lie seen hrfoiT tlie
jfrouiid luid been cidtivatcd loiiu; cikmimIi to (•Illiterate tlieiii. Tlipsc
w<.'re especially xisihle when the fiist settler of this lot (William Hill)
lived here. Diiriiiu; his time the ashheds were (|\iite distinct. 'I'liis
site extends across the jxdilic road into the front ])ai't of the faiiii of
Matthew (J'aini)hell (west half of loi 10, (•(tncession 7). where tiny luive
found the .same kinds of relics : hut the late ( ieoi'yc Mills, the (^ri'^inal
settler on this lot, fiamd much more ilwin luis the present ocenpant.
Althonji'li this site coxered considenihle ground, it is louhtful wh(>ther
any ])alisadiii<i; ever e,\isle(| at it, not havino' lieeii compact and lyin;:'
adjacent to hij^her <j;round. Its position a<frees closely with that of
the mission of St. Louis as mai'ked on ])uci'eus;"s map, whicli lays them
down as they wei'e aliout the yeai' l()4(>, almost all lia\ inii' been shifted
iiel'ore th. e.Ntermination in l(t4!>,
22. Traces of a villaj^e have heen foiMid on the cast half of lot 7.
cfaice.ssion 7. .lames Hanulton, '^'■., was the tii-st settler upon this fai-ni,
about eiii;hteen years aeo, and wlieii clearing the land he found ash-
bcds, ii'on tomahawks ai'd other iclics.
2S. Another exists )n the east half ol' lot ."). concession 7, William
Ho])kins, the present ccnant, ami William Haues, a former occupant,
liave lioth found the usual pottei-y and pijie fragments, iron tonia-
liawks, Hint spear-head. etc. 'I'lic site is neai' a small ra\ine that
drains northea.stwartl 'o the Stur^icon Kivei'.
24. A cro.s.s the concession line, on the west halfof lot .', concession
S. Arthur Loney, the owner, finds a few i-emains ; but this site is not
lar^e in comparison u ith .some others in the neiu-hlioihood.
2o, Farther south on the ,saine line, a site <»f considerable si/.e occurs
at the adjacent corners of lots 3 and 4, w here four farms m-et. When
Robert Warden, the owner of the west half of lot 8, coneession H, dnrr
the cellar for his dwellinr: liousc here, they found ashbeds of a .surpiis-
ins,' depth. Ninnei'ous relics were also found, including;- heads (native
and European), iron knixes and iron tomahawks, the latter in consid-
erable numbei-s. Across the road in concession 7, near the bomiilary
Itetween the farms of John Morri.son (lot '■). t'a.st half) and Ilobert
liochart (lot 4. east hall') weie some refu.se mounds. And in the
adioiniiu'- corner of Patrick ( "anavan's land (.southwest ipiarter of lot
4, c(mce,ssion -S) a. few relics have been picked u]t. It is estnuated that
the camps here covered about fifteen acres altogether, situated, as in so
nianv other instances, upon an old lake tenace.
HO
■2(!. Atintlicr \ illiinr ()ccll|-S ( iH tln' Illlld uf AihIiTW lintWIl, WfSt li.-ilt'
of l(»l 4, CKiicfssidii 7. A ><]iri!i^ isNiirs iimr tliis site ninl ilniiiis to (lie
Stiirnfoii Kivfi'. Tlu' ii('( up.'iiits lia\c foiiinl stniic jixcs or ' skiiiiiiii;:
stiiiics " iiinl iiilicr relics. lifii'Lic iimiilii'i-s i>\' Ki'ciicli ii'dii toiiuiliiiwks
lia\i' lit'cii loiiml, i's|)('ci;illy iliiriii;;' tlic t iiiir nf tlir tii'st settler, .Injni
Mii.hI, It is rel.'ited lidw the roof of liis sliaiity was tln' feceittaclc for
these relies, ami was soinet iiiies covei'i <1 with t hem. fifty or more lyiiie'
u|Miii it at onetime. Some seatteieil I'elics, similaf to these, have iieeii
roiind on the opposite farm across the concession line,
27. When the east half of lot .S, concession (!, was cleared alioiit
thirty yiars a;^n. ttio first settler npon it — Matthew ('ampliell — found
relics ( iiiehi4inu- iion tomaliawks) indicatine' the site of aiiotluM' \ illae;e.
A few Were aisofoniid on the farm of his lirother. tli" late .loim I'.imp-
liell, aciDs.- the road, lait not in sutlicieiit nnndters to indicate any site.
William AHiert l'am))liell. a son of tlie first settler, now occupies lot ■"}
in ijiiestion. There is lower f^froniid on the rear of the turn' where
water conlil he had. the drainaLrc llovvin"' toward Iloifi' river.
2.S. Kollowin^ the .sami' c()ncession line southward, one finds the site
of atiother villaet. on the next farm, i-ast half of lot 2, coiicessioji (i.
The owner. Ilectoi- Midieod. found the camps named in the soutliwcst
part of his farm, and they were strewn with various relics, such as
pottei'y fragments, jiipes, iron tomahawks, etc. Thomas, his son found
a lar;^v European iiead which Ik; sent to the museum. It is a lai-ge
coarse glass head, with hues of red. white and hlue in a sca]it>|i
pattern. The water drainage at tlu' place runs southward and then
around to llugu' I'iver. i)assin<f westward ul)Out lot 22 in Medotite.
The site is not large in comparison with others.
211. < Ml the we.st half of lot i. concession 7 (-Fohn A. Swan, owner),
is anothei-. Traces of it wei'c formerly fjuite distinct on the liigh
ground l)ehind the farm Imildings, and many relics of tlie usual kinds
were found at \arious times — stone axfs, iron tomahawks, tobacco
pipes (Itoth clay and stoiK,-) ami pottery fragments. Mr. Swan settled
here in IS70, ami in the eailiest years of liis term of occupation corn-
hills wei'e (listinctly visil)le west of the camp-i, but the.se hills have been
oliliterated by frequent ploughing. In coinieetion with this site it
shoidd lie nientionetl that a large bonepit was discovered in the year
1N()I» on adjoining land aci'ossthe townline, in tlie townshi])of Me(h)nte.
It is not yet e\i(lent whether this bonepit was connected with this site
oi' with another fai'ther south, but it is not too far from this one to
have belonged to it. being only about seventy rods distant from the
townline in front of Mi'. Swan's residence.
;i(). TlitTt' is )i silr on the faiiii of .liiim-s RusstH, east hnlf ol* lot 4,
coiicfHsioii .'), anil sonic rt-lics ol' the u»iial kinds liavc Iwcn rmnni at it,
l>ut it ai)|i('ai's to lia\i' hcin small in ('(aii])aris(ai u itli ot Imts. Tlicrc
was a |)atfli ol' coi-nliills niar liy, aixl jn-ohaMy nso<| liy the inlialiitants
(tf this sit<', <tn the t'aiin of Wni. Rnssfll, wtst halt" of lot .'i, concfssion
tl, though tlirsL' coniliills have ln-en chiftly ohlitfrattil hy cultivation.
.SI. 'I'lir ii'niains of a Huron villa;;c, the inhahitutits of which
a|)|it'ai' to li.'ivc used tlir .sauic position for .scNcral years, have Ihh'U
found u|i()n the west half of lot ;{, eonctcssion o. The tir'^t s.'ttlcr on
this farm, Uolicrt Wclih, came in IH(i.'). and remained on it until ahoul
tWflvi' years >yj:o. As he was a close oli.ser\er. hesides lia\in<if iTsided
here so lone-, oui' information in re^^ard to (he site is fuller than in
many other cases. A noteworthy leatui'e was the Hndine- of ;i rdrftr or
hidin;i'-|)it tilled with eorn. 'J'lie iriains wei'c as lilack as charcoal, and
the inference was that they had Keen charreil or roasted. Hut their
l)la(k color dcaihtless arose mei'ely frou) their threat a^^e, "250 years or
niori' heinj^- sutlicieiit to carlmni/.e any kind of seed. The discovery of
the ■•orn is couHnnecl hy Hector M(d.eod. who nliserved it while plou^di-
in<4. The amount was estimated at more than two liushels. In tin*
field siaith of the site many coi'nhills wei'e \ isihie when they cleai'ed
the land. Ueside the \illa,ee a human skeleton was found l)Uried.
Anion^ the I'elies found were tohaeco pi|ies of \ arioiis kinds, some
with hunuin faces, stone a\es, ii-on tomahawdss and knives, pieces of
hrass kettles in ^reat inuiilieis. Since Mr. W'ehh i-etii-ed from the
faiiii \arious pei.sons lia\e live(l upon it either as ovvnei's oi tenants.
Amone' these were Matthew Vasey and Win. Widdes ; the pi'esent owner
is ( ieori^e .Fnnes, During' their respective terms of occupancy sona;
relics were als(( found. John Ashley Bailie, who tauiiht at llusseH's
schoolhouse in the neie'ldxiiliood, freijuently searcheil here for relics.
I [e writes of the workmanship of the specimens as follows: "The
pottery fia^nients wei-e iieai'ly all nicely cai'vcd ; the carviufr, of course,
heint; of a somewhat I'ude type. The ])ipes showed a ^jreat deal of
skill u])iin the part of the makers ; theii- howls wei-e wnaie-ht in a
variety of forms. In some instances they took the form of the head
of some anin<al or l>ird, One pipe stem, Jnd<,nne' from its appearance,
must have lieen formed l)y drilling a hole ri^ht throiiuh an ordinary
stone. A pipe l»>wl, formed out of a connnon stone, al'out t\M> inches
and a half in diameter, had on either side of (he howl a head of ^ome
animal.' Mi. Bailie picked u]) many little pieces of sheet metal, pro-
l)al)lv from brass kettles. He says these wei'e to lu- found in all pails
of the held. It Would apfjeai' tliat when the kettU's ohtaineil from
the French traders heeanie useless from havin^i^ holes in them, the
:{2
lliirDiis cut iIm-iii u|) liy sonn' nn'iuis into ciiips ami iist'il tlic ]iii'(')-.> us
aiTosvlu'iuls, kiiivfs, rlc. Atsoim; ntlicr villii;^!! siti'sol' tin- liittTperiit'l
mI' French occupiitinn, I lie ^louiul is ahn strewn with those nictiil chips.
Iti orilcr to uxaniiiii' its jMtsition, I visitctl tliis site on .Inly oth, 1H!M>,
iiml nwidi' II ili.'iiri'aMi nl' it. The usnul IVa^inents of jiDtteiy iiikI chini
shells wei'e lo lie seen. The iisliheds were most nunieidus iit the hea<l
ol' a small ravine, the al)ru|)t <iescent to which is ahout .'{0 t'eel ; ami
here the iiihahitants Tonml tlieii' suj)piy ol" IVesli water in Nprin^s
I'assin;;' Irian this ra\ ine, the ;;r.)un<l rises ;jently thr(»iit,'h the liel.j,
which contains aliont \'2 acres hnt is not nil coscred with ashheiU.
There is nothing;' in its sitnation to lead one to helieve this villa'^e had
hei-n ])alisadeil. Whi-n the llnrons hnilt a \illa;^e for delVnce, it was
usual to sf'lect a ))lace where Nature assisted. Hut here, Nature fur-
nishes no aid, rather the opposite. So it is not prohahle that palisades
will he fonnfl A trail has always existed here, leadin;; past sitr
No. :{().
'.\'l. On the east half of jot 1. ccaice.ssion ."), there is a site where thr
usual relics — pottci-y fra^jnients. |»ipes, iron tomahawks, stone axes.
<tc. — have JM-en hanitl. liohert Hall, the ownei', has liveil here since
IS?:?, and he lias iid'oi-med me that hefore the land was culti\ated he
coidil see the cornhills that were used bv the Huron inhabitants of the
villaiJf.
.S8. A sm;dl '^te oceuis lai the east halt' of lot '2,et)ncession '■'>. This
farm was formerly owiumI and cleared by John Tinney, who found,
previous to l<S70, various itdics inchulint;- ii'on tomahawks. Amoni;
suKseCjuent owners was .Michael Hu.ssell. and th(* presi'ut occujiant is
Hiram Jennett.
'.'A. Vai'ious remains, found beside tlu; .shore at a spot just west ol"
Wanbaushene, indicate the position of what was a favorite resoitof the
aboriijines in considei'able nundiei's. It appears to be situate<l upon
lot 11, concession lO. An area of about ten acres is the extent of
ground ovei- which remains have Ijeen found. The patch of second
growth trees here was believcid to show where there had once been an
Indian clearance, but, as in many other cases, it may l»e more correctly
exi»lained by the presence of gravelly soil. It was formerly a favorite
resoit for relic seekers, some of whom dug into Indian graves, of which
some exist here. The graves, thus molested, were not communal but
single burials. Some iron tomahawks and gun barrels have been
found, the latter temling to show that the site was occu)iie<l in the
eighteenth century by Algonquins. IJut whether it was a landing
])lace of the Hurons in earlier times is not yet evident.
'Mi
but
'■i'}. I''iirlliri- \\r--t III Tainii'i's Mill, (a\su kiiciwii us 'r,iiiiitr\ illc i
iiiojv iil)nri;;iiial miiiiius liavf licin rmiiiil. Ii w.isai iIh sli,,rc Iiiit
tlmt till" fi'iiil to ihr iiitcrinr Ii.mI ils iini'lliiTlyciid. Aim! in tin' ila\ «
nf early scttli'iiii'iil (in |s:{(), ui >nn\i al'ici) this trail was wiilfncil into
;i (}ii\t'ninn'nl roail iVum ('nMw ati-r anil a liluclsjinusc I'l'ictnl Ik !•(
'I'lii' plarr was a ilr|)()t nn tlir way to tln^ early mini's ol' tlif ii|i|Mr
hikes. It/ liiiil (|mc|<s. anil I Im' rally stcann is nj' ( icoi'^ian \'>i\\ niailc it
a {Ma-I Tor calls, l hr dilicr |Mii't hcini; PfnrtanL;iiis|i( nv Alt«iM,.tlirr ihr
port iiF Sliir;i'L'(»n Hay — I lir irriniinis of tia' ( iM\ criinuiit |i>ii'lai;i.-- in llir
<la\'s Itcforo rail\va\-s was a stiiiin;: placr lint its "|.)r\ has luiiii^incr
<l('|»artr(|. Many lr;^'t'nils cliMi; aruiiml tli.' ul-l |)la<-i' ami ^tiirir> ul'
liurir.l trrasiircs. lint lli. unly articles e\er r>iiiiiil here, so far as can
lie learned with certaint\, wei-c a tVw Inili.Hi In ads and t'ra^inent^ > it
human Imnes, hc'^ides some other kind-- o|' Indian relies. 'I'hese were
I'oiiiid on the liii,h j^'nanid jnst liaek IV •in the vlmn. This |ilace was
always a lVe(|U('nt resort of AI;^'oiii|iiiiis ; iaii its origin was doiilil les>
earlier, in Huron times, when the trail to tli • interior was in constant n>e.
I )iicreu\'s ma)) places till' mission of St. .i.'.ni (not St. .lean iJaptiste)
<o the rie'ht of the outlet ol' Sliir^eon Kiver, and a short \\ay iu'and.
It will he SL'eii liy rei'erriiiL;' to oiir map that then' is a tract of hiuh
;^rotni(l liciv, an island diiriii;,' the time ol" the (ireat Ni}iis.->inL;
Lakt', and this tract is se])arated from the hijfh i^ronn I of the interior
liy low swamjiy eroiind throu;ih which a stream tlows toward Stui'Ljeon
River. St. .lean was a mission to the Ataronehronons, wliilc the iui'>-
.sioii next south of it (accoriline- to the |)iiereii.\ map), \ iz.. St. .loachim,
wjus atuonj^ the .Vreiidaronons. A physical demarcation of some kind,
lietwecti St. .Jean and St. .loachim, is thus siii,':;! >te(l, hecau'^e the Huron
" nations " wure \is\ially divided from each other 1 y physical lionnd-
aries. It is possihle. therei'ure, that St. -lean Iteloiieed to tlie isolated
tract of hitjh (ground now under (•onsi<leratioii, and was a site near
'raiilierville, if not the on.' itself at the [dace.
oG. Ue\'. Father ('ha/.clle, whose iii\ cstieations in the Kuron
country in KS42 we have already mentioned, made a search lai the
east side of the Stur^'con Rivor for the site of St. ly-nace where
BrelMMif and Lalleniant were put todeath. It is evident that, in doiiie
this, lu' was following' hnereux's map, which ,L;i\(s the {losition of the
eai'lioi" and first St. lyiiace, and that he had not liecome aware of the
fact that a .second St. jeiiace hail existed. Ilr ilirected tin- French
Canadians with him to run the canoe up Stur;;-eon Ki\er a mile and a
half from the outlet. Near where they landed they iouinl. in the
woo<ls, a village site, and at it some relics, such as conch-shells. Here
were " bla/es " or marks upon trees, made ly liiilians of cianparativ civ
8
34
• •ri-nt tiiiH.'h. liut wliicli lent nii Hiitit|iiiiriiiii sfttiii;;- tn f he pliM-r. 'I'lii-y
tiiiiinl also, ill ;^rit\i's. tin- luiiios (tf two ]ii rsons, wliicli triMlition Ims
i'rii»iit'uii«.|\ n'j,'iirili'<l as tlmsr ul" llrclKMit" niid Liillt'iiiniit, t"tir;,'ttriil ol
•till' ruci tliiit tlifir liuiifx w'cic t'oiinil liv tlir s('ar('|iiiii>' partv tVom Stf.
Alarir in 1(14!*. aiitl lal;i n tn (,>iiflM'c.
'M. I'assiiii;' lu till' liiyli j^'nnmW rast n\' (lif Stiir;;»'iiii llivci, <iiir
riiiil> till must imiilii riy sitf III' the ^ruup on (hi' laii<l nf Kraiik .Inscpli,
tlif West liall'iil' lot (i. iMaicfssioii 10. Wrv*', on u patcli of ^^louiid,
<Milti\ atnl milv iluriim' tlir hast two seasons, (lie\- Iiiim' found stoni'
axt's, all iron toiiiiiliawk, a toliacco )ii|ir and simie iVnunifiits of dciT
I K UK'S,
•Sn. Sonic aslilit'ds of lliu'oii ciiniiis arc met with on the farm of
AlcN. llcM';^, ilie west liiilf of lot .'), cont'c^Hion 10. Thcy have found
pottery shreds, ]ii|M's, stone axes and niuultcis of iron tomaliaMks,
Suiithwest of this site, wliifh is not hn'j;e, there is a small hucklelierry
marsh ; it is on the opposite side of the roiid, on lot 4, hut icjar tlu'
site.
:}'.». A site of niodeiate dimensions occurs on the n.>i'thwcst <(uai'ter
of lot +, concession 10, — the farm of .lames Stewart. < >n a patch of
liieh efrotuid, toward tln' ceiitie of the farm, they have! lonnd pottcrj'
fraeiiients. iron knives, iron t(amihawks, etc. Similar i'elicsliave heen
f.aiiid on the adjoining'' tifty-acre farm, or southwest <|uart«'r of tlic
same lot 4. which is cultivated hy Mr. Heejf : and also a few on the
'•ast half, owned and occujiied hy llohert ( '. Stewart.
40. Across the road, oil the east half of lot 4, coik 'on !), James
I'adeii, the owner, has fiamd iron lonmhawks. itotterx' frai-nients, elc,
in ashhetls and patcla-s Mackeiied hy Huron camp-tireH. These occur
oil the hiiihest L;rouiid a larye knoll at the rear of his farm.
41. A similai' small site occurs on tin.' east half of lot 'i. concession
!►. In the extreme southeast c<Hner, the usual relics have been fmnid ;
and a part of this site extends into tlie adjoininjj; land of Joseph
<jreatrix, where he has fouml the kinds of relics mentioned under the
last site, besides stone axes. On its north side this village was near
anotln-r huckleherry maish.
42. Another site, distinct fi'om the one last mentioned, is on (he
larm of Joseph (jieatrix. the east half of lot 2, concession it. Mr.
<ireatri\ has li\t'd on this farm for 25 vears, and has fi-ciiuentlv fotind,
at tlie rear of it, the usual remains (jf can)ps and the same kinds of
relics as occur at the other villa«,'es of this group.
86
It will lie oltsci'vtMl tliiit till* six |it'('cei|iii^ sitfs nil till) KuHiMiiKUiil
Ui'l^u arc sninll. llii'i>- liuiii;; ])i'iiliiili|y not iiidk- tlinii ti i|o/,fii ciiiii))M at
any of tliciii ; mih! tln'i-)' hit no hoiicpits aNsocialiil with tin in. ISiit
on t his saiiif ))i}^Mi iiil;;f. in Mnloiiti' to\viishi|), nhoiit n iiiili .suiilh of
till' 'I'liy lowiiliiH', soni*' li(»iii|iits huNc hcni t'oiiml at larger vill)i<,'»'s.
It i-> liiit naliirnl to sup|iiiMt' that, as rcy^ardM Keasts ol' the hiwid ami
the foriiiatioii of lioiicpitH aiiiony till- Hock Nation or .\i(inluronoMs,
iIh" siiiiill oiitlyiti;/ \illa;jrs of llii^ ;,q'ou)> wonlil l»f trihnlary or
siit'onlinntc to tin- liii-;^ti \illMLj<'> situated faillii'r south iii Mt'dont*'.
Tin- iiiisHioii of St .liiarhiiii \v;is pci'lmps in tiii.s yroup of sinnlhr
\ illiiiji's.
!•:>. At M litllf ilistiiiK'f from the shon; of MiitcluMlnsh |»iiy, near
Kcsscrton, many iflics of tin- aliori;^iiit's have Imm-ii found, 'riicsi- were
most fn'i|Ui'ntly met with upon risiii;^' ;^roiiiid on tin' farm of (it'or}j;('
Hush. I<tt ;", (•(iiicrssioii 12, find (ilso on lot 4. \ illanfs siiuatfd likf
this, near the .shoi't's of thr Ini-jL^t' lakfs, mostly yit'ld relics whicli hiivc
niidoul>tt'dly l)i'|(»iii;cd to Alyoni|uiiis of h pci'iod snli«^ri|U('ni to tlic
Unions. l)Ut in the prcsi-nt instanct', if tlic rcmnins wrn- tliosc of
Al;ii)ni|uins, I hey must luivf lidon^cd to an early period — heloi-e the
tijidcrs had supplied ihiui with kettles for cookiiiLi,' purposes- a.s
is amply te,stiHe(| l»y tlie t'r!i;^iuents of primitive pots made from l)aked
clay, so Commonly found at Huron sites, and also found here. At the
projection of hind known !is linsh's Point, .some refuse mounds were
formerly to lie seen.
+4. t )n tlie o])])osite shore of Matchedash IJ.iy, tit I'mikin's l'oinl,on
lot ti, concession |:{, similar remains have heeii found. Hei-e, iiy the
^hore, were also found a few uraves (single burials) in which the skeK--
loiis had been liiiried in a erouchin<; position. ( hie of the skeletons
was decked with n larec medal, ^^lass heads, and other trinkets done
uji in cedar hark, .ind e\ idently helont^eil to a more recent period than
rhe Huroiis. The same skeleton liaij unusually laiifc proportions, and
the ha(d< of the skull was found fr.icluivil, whetlier from accident or
ollierwise.
+.T. In a list of the ant iipiit ii's of Tay, one should not omil to men-
tion the remains called " The ( 'himiieys," situated on lot .'), conees.sioii
]:], opposite Fesserton, of lather l>ush's Point, on the east side of
Matclu'dash Hay. das. .Vhhott is the present occupant of the furm.
The remains are located u|ion what is known as "(,'hiiiiney Point,"
where an area of about 40 acres had been orii;finally cleare<l. They
constitute all that is now left of the buildiiiijs occupied from 1778 till
179'? and later by Cowan, a ftn' trader. The wriler's ])urpose in re-
t'erriiii; to (liriii in tins |il;iet' is hrcaiisc thry were I'urnn riy nl'icii
spoken i<\' as the i'nin> ol' a sirncturc brlontfini;' to llir caily Fi'i'iicli
|)('ri()(1. I''\cn yet, tlit-y arc sonictinirs n-tcn'tMl tn as micIi. ami it is
(k'siral)lo to .i^ivc a few woi-ds of caution against this cnor. ( iovcrnor
ISinicoc was the ^iicst of Cowan at this ))lace in ITil.'l (Src Maciloiicirs
l^iary in 'I'ransactinns of (he < anaij. Institute. Konrth Series, \'ol. I),
(hi a recent occasion when the vvritef sisited this place, tlie I'ouihIh-
tion of the main Imiliiinn' couhl lie ili-^tiiictly seen, (huih of stone and
lUMC
md there were tlin'c chunines ei()U|)e(l ai'onml this tradni;^' hou.se
— one apparently at either end of tiie laiiidine\ and another at soiiu'
little distance away, representing pinhaldy the 'lakehouse. There
ere other Imilditii^s near at hand, nf which the foundations could
be traced when .\Ir. Ahlmit first went th
w
ere
4C', On r.lutf I'oint. neai' INirl Se\ ci
n, .some iPotter\' fraii'meiits,
pipo
etc., ha\e lieen oh.sei-ved. No other I'elics liaxc been found tliat
would indittate the exact jieriod to which this site bohjiie-od. wdiicb
was doubtless (piite early as the coarse fraLiiiienls nf bakeil clay
vessels go to prf)ve.
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