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 Notes on... 
 
 SITES of 
 
 HIRON 
 
 VILLAGES 
 
 IN THE TOWNSHIP 
 OP TAY <dlMCOB 
 COUNTY^ 
 
 By Andrew F. 
 Hunter, M.A. 
 
 *^S jw^^ ^•* ■■'-.■• ':*T^ 
 
 
 
 %^- 
 
 
 ■■%• - ,«rv 
 
 M«>v.-^v^svy*»li»;4^v:^ii'.i _ It.. 
 
'^i 
 

 - - o = 
 
 NOTKS ON 
 
 y. 7^-^ 
 
 .-; 1;*S 
 
 SITBS or HURON VILI.AOliS 
 
 / > 
 
 l\ I III 
 
 ;/. . : y. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF TAV (SIMCOH COUNTY). 
 
 y 
 
 ■1 i'y. 
 
 \\\ ANDREW ['. HUNTER, M.A. 
 
 \\ \l'IM\!MX TO Till- Rl'I'OlM Ol- IIIK MlM^IIK Ol I'JH \ A I 10\. 
 
 W \\\\\ ICIv IlKii'S \ IM 
 
 rnnns III _ 
 n'Ki:, !■■> AMI 71' I'lli'NT -^TIIIll'.T \\i;sT 
 1 uiO 
 
I'KKl' ACK. 
 
 Ill tin- prcimratioii ol' tin- I'ollowiiiu' Report it di'l not apiR'ur uaa^^- 
 sary to cliiuinc tilt' plan fi.lopt''l '" '".V «ii"ilar n-port on the arph;«- 
 ohiy of the Townslii]) otTinv, i<siHMl l)y til." Education Department 
 last May. i'.y lollowinu' in i lie main tiie same method, vi/., iiuttino- 
 tlie ii.)tes into the lurm of a eatalo.u-iie of the viUaev sites, the one 
 hrecnies a eontumation of the ..tlier, and they may he pivH.'Vved 
 toijether l)y students of the history and archii'oloey (,f ..iir Hrovuice. 
 Separate (•ol)ies of this Hoi.ort on Tay have heen pn-paiv-l l''>i' the uso 
 <.f those who received my former report on tlie Townshi)) of Tiny. 
 
 A. F. KUNTKll. 
 
 i'.arrie, (»nt.. .N'ovemher. iSOfl. 
 
 ¥ 
 I 
 
I 
 
 -I 
 
 I 
 
! 
 
 INI'ltohlcrioN. 
 I'in^i< ,\i Ki ATiKK^ i»i Tav. 
 
 Liki till' Hil|()iiiiii^ ti)\s ii>lii|( i>r TiiiN llic •^iiil'.K I Tiiy i.'oiisiists 
 
 :iuiiiil\ >i\' |iiiriil!i'| liil^rs will) riv('i> lirtwein llnin. 'riicrt' is tliis 
 lilli'ii'iifi', liii\M'\ If , in Tiny must i>\' ilii- li'l^cs lir mliiTly williin \\i<- 
 (tiw n^liiji. Imt in T.-iynnly t ln' m'l,. iii'c ['uninl. ' Mir nT t lirm imhsm's 
 
 till' liiiini'lary into 'I'iny, tl llnr I wn |(iiss siiulli\v>ii'l inlo Mi-ildntc. 
 
 K'>i' nun ciiimcf I \\i!lc;ill ilir ruinni' wliidi lies lirtwci'ii tir W'yr 
 mill *lliiHH. i-i\,.|s, ihr \'i('t( iii.i IIhiImpi riil^i', licciiiisr it i^nils nr;ii' 
 Nii'luriii lliii'lini-. Till' next uiif, lyiiiL,' luttwrcn Mn^i; iinil Stiir;;f'in 
 rivi'i's, will III- cjillril ilii' N'jiscy riiliri', I'luni tin' niinic dI ;i \illfiyi' 
 ii|iiiii it, Anil till' ninst .•a'^liilv i iil^rr, Ipctwrcii Slurnuon mii'I ('hM- 
 wiiter rivers, will he nuincil ihc Ifo-M-innunt riil^i', I'mni tlic nnnif mI' iln 
 seliodlhoust' on its suniinit Those pfirts i>t the t()\viishi|i whieh lie 
 east of Mati'lieilasli hay are nx-ky I'reiiton limestone and haiirentifin 
 granite. 
 
 For showing the iiltiln<le df the land I know of no plan eijiial to 
 nifipping the ahaiidoned heaehe^. 'I'his method hiis a \ery import;. iil 
 adxaniage; a person can noti' liy direet uhservation the lines ol* eipial 
 altitude in these extinct shorelines without "'oinn to the trouhle of 
 making n detailed sui'vey l>y the use of leNclling instruments. 
 Accorilingly, I have ohserved their positions t hroughoiit the township, 
 liotiiiji; the farms in which they iippear, and I gi\e the lesiilts of these 
 observations in the accom|»anying m;i|). 
 
 The highest of these old shorelines is t he Algonipiin heucli. which 
 has an altitude of about 2.')() feet above the [)resent level of ( leorgian 
 liay It is a stupendous fieak of Nature — an indelible mark on the 
 face of the country— representing the expenditine of an innnense 
 amount of lorce liv sti'one' w.ivi-s in the removal and assortment of 
 MiatiM'ials. The Algompiin Sea that formed it, waslied away such 
 • (uautities of movable material (clay, s;ind andgrnvel) from the exposed 
 northerU' emls of the ridges that latt'e ti'acts of boulders are left. It 
 ])icked the bones of the ridges as it were and left them liare. A l;irge 
 tract of this kind lies immetliately south and cast from I'llliott's ( 'or- 
 ners. and sinnlar tracts occur on the \'asey and Kosemount ridges. 
 No Huron village sites occur in these uniidiabitable stony tracts. 
 
 About KK) feet lower is tin- main beach of the Great Ni|)i.ssing 
 series, or about lot) feet above Georgian Bnv. To give all four beaches 
 
 I ,1111 iiifiTined that tliis i'i\ ci' is su calk'il t'lmiL mm I'arly .Metliuilist iii'e.-iclu-r 
 iiuiiiiii; tlu' < >iil)ways. 
 
8 
 
 N 
 
 of this Nipissiny scries would iiuiivt' a coiuplicjitetl ma]) and would 
 involve endless and iinnecessaiy work. So 1 have mapped only the 
 most strongly marked one of the series. The name "Great Nipissing'" 
 lias lieeii given by geologists t)eeanse the outhft of this great lake to 
 the sea, V)ei'oi'e the hirth of Niagara river, was hy the present and 
 lesser Lake Nijiissing and French river. 
 
 At tile ends of the ahove mentioned ridges there wei'e islands 
 standing out from the mainland in the (Ireut Nipissing sea oi' lake. 
 One of the largest of these e.xtinct islands lies in a .south-easterly 
 direction from the outlet of Hoyg rivei', and is a t:ract of isolated high 
 gi'oun<l Cvtvering an area of .")0() acres or more. Before the f(«"est was 
 cleared away these extinct islands were separated from each other and 
 from the ridges hy thickets. 
 
 The adxantages to the study of the suhjeet. gained by introducing 
 these references t(j the <ild lakes and beaches, consist merely in the 
 ease with which they give the altitude of the huid throughout Tay, 
 and thus elucidate its ])hysical features. They have no connection 
 with Huron occupation, except in so far as village sites are of ti'U found 
 near the springs that issue along those oM lines. The heavy cui'ving 
 line ill the map denotes the (ireat Nipissing beach; that v<ith fringe, 
 iutenially, showing the hills, is the Algonquin. 
 
 The roails, also, and road allowances are marked on tlie map, so tleit 
 the reader can adopt a scale for any measurements he may reijuire. 
 In that part of the township called the Old Survey, which consists of 
 Concessions One and Two, the sideivjads are placed at every fifth lot 
 and are a mile and a (piarter apart (100 chains). The lots in the First 
 C'^nce.ssion are a mile and a ijuarter dee]), but those in the Second 
 ha\e a de])tli of only one half of that amount. Concessions Three to 
 Fourteen make up the New Survey. These are five-sixths of a mile 
 wide ((i6H chains) and have sideroads at eveiy fifth lot, or a mile and 
 seven-eighths a]iart ((100 rodsj. bearing these measurements in mind, 
 a reader may readil}' calculate any di.stanee. The lots are numbered 
 from the .south in liotli old and new .surveys. Tlie ujijier corner of 
 ']"ay is omitted from the map, but will be found in our lle]iort on the 
 Towiishi]) of Tiny, 
 
 .Vltogether. I will gi\e descri])tioiis of forty-six sites. The plan of 
 proceeding will be to begin at Mud Lake and procee(l southerly and 
 easterly through the township 
 
 
 Tin: \[i,i..\r!K Sitks, 
 
 The village sites desci'ibed are only those known to the writer up 
 to this date, without any claim to comjileteness, which in the present 
 state of the subject would be im]")o.ssible. Much .sami'iiess will bi- 
 
 I 
 
>'\\ 
 
 lii]) and wonlil 
 ppcil only tlic 
 n-at Nipissint::" 
 ijfc'ilt lake to 
 ic present an<l 
 
 e were islands 
 
 !*>■ sea or lake. 
 
 south-easterly 
 
 :)l" isolated liigii 
 
 the I'oi-est was 
 
 each other and 
 
 by introt hieing 
 
 merely in the 
 
 hronghont Tay, 
 
 no connection 
 
 h are often t'onnd 
 
 heavy curving 
 
 hat Vvith fringe, 
 
 i the ma]), so that 
 he may recjiiire. 
 .vhicli consists of 
 , every fifth lot 
 ) lots in the First 
 e in the Second 
 cessions Three to 
 sixths of a mile 
 lot, or a mile and 
 renients in mind, 
 ts are nnmbei'ed 
 up])er corner of 
 lur Keport on the 
 
 tes. The plan of 
 ■d sontherly and 
 
 to the writer np 
 ich in the present 
 sameness will he 
 
 foun<l in the descriptions of these, especiall}' the villages upon the 
 liiglii'r gr(»und of the Vasey and liosemf)urit ridgis. Some readers 
 may he ivady to censure me for this apparent defect, liut the fault is 
 not mine. There would he variety enough if faiuiei's and others had 
 noti'd facts with more minuteness than they have done. Hut, as a 
 I'ule. they ha\r observed oidy tlie most general features. Hence the 
 saiiiriifss in the descriptions is due to the charactei' and present stage 
 of ad\ancrment of the sidiject with wlr- h we have to deal. 
 
 Some of the so-ealled villages, especially those on the lakeshore, 
 have been mere campiiie' "founds where successive tfcnerations of 
 Hurons and other sedentary tribes of the interior camped from time to 
 time wliiMi on fishing and other i'\])editions ; and such ])laces now have 
 the appearance of villages. These lakeshore villages, after being 
 Hiu'on landings, became Algonfjuin camp-gi'ounds, the result being a 
 mixture of I'elics on these spots that deties classiticatioir Such places 
 are found beside the sheltei-eil bays and harbors along the shore, while 
 the landings at ])oints(very few ol' which we have attempted to record) 
 are (juite recent an<l were ehietly used by modern Ojibways. 
 
 It will be noticed that on'\- a b'W bone-pits occur at the Hni'on 
 \ illages ol' Tay, and these are continecl exclusively to the Victoria 
 Harbor ridge, which doubtless was the abode of that " Nation" of the 
 Hurons called 'he '■ Atai'oncln'<pnons,' ()nthe\'asey ami Rosemoun. 
 ridges there are bone-pits, thougli these are not in Tay, but are found 
 farther south in Medoiite township. 
 
 Still anothei' b'atnre is lnought out in our sui'vey of the township 
 for \illage sites: and if oui' collection of data makes any approach to 
 being exhaustive, the feature may be received authoritatively. 'I'his 
 is the mniierous distribution of small villages within easy reach of 
 Sturgeon Iviver, along both sides of it. it a])pears to show that the 
 river was a resort of tlie Hurons. which may be accounted for by the 
 fact that it was a goixl fishing gi-ound. It has se<lgy baid\s and 
 accordingly was a favorite haunt of tishes of the ganoi<l and pike 
 tamilies, as its name indicates. 
 
 ThK HisTokm S\\)F. ()]■• IIIK SriMECT. 
 
 In so far as these Notes have any historic significance, it will l)e 
 readily seen that their chief feature is our attempt to throw .some light 
 upon the |Misitions of those early missions of which Ste. Marie was the 
 centre: and. more particularly. t<> find the \ill,\ge of St. Louis, where 
 Brebeuf and Lallemant were captured, sind also St. Ignact' whei'e thev 
 .vere put to <leath. ilesides the Fort of Ste. Marie on the Wye, partly 
 ])rotected by masonry and ])a!tly palisaded, the villages numl)ered 4, ti 
 N and \2 in oui- list show evidences of palisading; and fi'om other eon- 
 
10 
 
 siflei-iitioiis, tlit'Sf four iiiav li»' i'e<;ar(lt'(l as lii'loii<rin'' to tln' \rrv latest 
 Huron pcrioil. Otlicr villai^fs may liavc been i)ali.sa<l»'(l likewist", liut 
 those arc the only ones oF which I have cei-tain eviilence. It will lie 
 most natni'al, therefore, to seek for the pahsailed villages of St. Louis 
 and St. Ignaee amon*^- these i'our. Onjthe various points aiising out 
 of these (juestions, howe\cr, it is not intended to otter our su»;'gestions 
 as anytliing more than pliUisihle conjectures. 
 
 One of tiic first persons to inxestigato tlie situations of tlie Jesuit 
 missions appears to have lieen tlie ilev. P. Ohazelle, who \ isited tlie 
 • iistrict in 1S42. Somt; years Liter (in IS.").")) the Rev. Felix Martin 
 also made a tour of exploration in Ftui'onia. It will he most suitable, 
 in this connection, to (piote fi'om the brief account of t»his tour con- 
 tained in a biographical sketch of this painstaking inxcstigatoi' : 
 
 " The ajitness of Father Martin as an anti(piary was known by the 
 tneii in the Govei'nnient. and the Hon. George M Cai'tier enti'usted him 
 with a commission to exploiv. on the spot, the site and the i-emains of 
 the ancient Huron nii.ssions in Tpper Canada near Geca-gian iSay. i^>y 
 care Fatlier Martin found the traces of the ancient ])Osts of the Jesuits 
 in that country where thev had so niaiu' martvrs : he collected many 
 Indian relics, he afterwai'ds made a work endieilishei) with plans and 
 drawings, the whole having been deposited at the .seat of Government.' 
 
 The next investigator was IJr. J. (.'. Tache who undertook some 
 furtlu.'r exploration of Huronia at intervals in five years prior to IHiio. 
 Parknian, in his work>., has (juoted these archajological researches of 
 Tacht', and thus has given wide currency to Tache's \iews of the |)osi- 
 tions of the mission sites. 
 
 It ap])ears to have been Father .Martin who fixed ui)on a village 
 Hite on Fox's farm in Medonte township as that of St. Ignace : and in 
 this Ijeliei' Dr. Tache afterwards examined the site somewhat minutely. 
 This early decision as to what place was the .scene of the tortures of 
 lirebeuf and his companion received wide acceptance through Park- 
 man's publication of this as the tiiU' ])osition without any doulit. But 
 it is certainly incorrect, and the l)est informed students of the subject 
 have refused to recognize the claims of Fox's farm, as its distance from 
 Ste. Marie is nuich greater than the written descriptions justify. 
 
 In Tach(''s time there were comparatively few sites known. Since 
 then, however, much new knowleijge has been won, an<l a solution of 
 the problem of finding St. Ignace, as well ms the other mission sites, 
 has become po.ssible. It may involve more labor than the first investi- 
 gator antici])ateil, but I'eliable c(tnclusions have l)ecome more attain- 
 able. This is chiefly due to the fact that the greater part of Tay has 
 been settled since Tacht' visited the district. The first .settlers of the 
 Vasey Ridge vent there about thii'ty yeai's ago : thos(" on the Ro.se- 
 
till' very latest 
 likewise, liut 
 ce. It will \«' 
 ;('s of St. Louis 
 nts ;i rising out 
 )ur suii<j;estiitns 
 
 s (if the Jesuit 
 who visited tin- 
 I'Y'lix Mart ill 
 •e most suitJiV)li'. 
 this tour C'ou- 
 esti;.^Mtoi' : 
 s known hv the 
 ■1' entrnsteil him 
 1 the remains of 
 [»rnian I Say. Ky 
 
 ■<ts of the Jesuits 
 
 collecteil many 
 
 with plans and 
 
 of dovernment.' 
 
 undertook some 
 
 ars ])rioi' to 18()5. 
 
 ical researches of 
 
 I'iews of the jiosi- 
 
 il upon a villa<;e 
 t. Tjinaee : and in 
 mewhat minutely, 
 of the tortures of 
 ce tlu-oui^h Park- 
 t any douht. But 
 nts of the subject 
 .s its distance from 
 ions justify. 
 tes known. Since 
 and a solution of 
 :her mission sites, 
 im tlic first investi- 
 K)me moi'e attain- 
 ■r part of Tay has 
 rst settlers of the 
 bhose on the Ro.se- 
 
 11 
 
 mount llidge, altout twciity-tive years auo. We now learn from thesi- 
 settlers tiie charaeters of the \ illaye sites there. They had no pali- 
 sades, and accordin«;ly St. r^naee was not one of the villages on these 
 rid;;es. Fox's site was chosen tlirou.uh the uncritical usr of Ducreux's 
 map, which siiows the St. lyiiaer of aliout JTi-K). For tin- purjio.se of 
 clearly distin;,'uisliinir thesi' two places, it lias hrcn ih'cided to call the 
 one we aie now seekin<i-, St, I^nace IF. 
 
 Neither ean Ducreux's ma|) he taken as n niiide foi- the St. Louis 
 of l()4-!», as it shows the ])osilioii of tlif one of ahout KJ+O. Throuiih- 
 lUt the text of this ivpoit, I lia\e called the one of later date, St. 
 Ijouis 1 1, 
 
 As reuards the distribution of the other mission sitrs as laid down 
 by Ducreux, I am inclined to l>elieve that each mission marked a 
 district isolated by physical features; and whether wr assume the 
 villai^es in a <,'i'oup to have been contempoi'aiy with rach other, or to 
 have been the .same villa<^e at ilitferent periods, each i^i'dup of villages 
 so ilivi(h'(i physically seems to havr had its mi.ssion. The Itosemount 
 Ridee, for example, woidd naturally be the care n\' one of tin- nnssions 
 marked St. Jean and St. Joachim. 
 
 TlIK FoliKsT Tk.mi.s. 
 
 The physical fi-atures also govein the courses of tiie forest ti'ails, 
 which, so far as I have located them, are shown by the dotted curving 
 lines on the maj). As one may also see frijui the map, the continuous 
 high ground, alcjng wlii(di trails i^ould l)e made, makes its nearest 
 aj)proach to the Oeoi-gian Hay at the head of N'ictoria HaiI)or. Hi-ie, 
 then, was the commercial centre of the Hurons, as it has also been ot 
 later Algoncpiins. tn otlier woi-ds, the [)hysical features of the district 
 were such that Victoi'ia Harbor l-eeame naturally the focus ca- centre 
 of population, the trails radiating from the head of the liarbor in 
 several directions inland along the higher ground. It apjtears to have 
 been tliis very centre, the lieait of the country, that was smitten in 
 Itill) : otherwise the Hurons would not ha\c so precipitately <leserted 
 their eountry after the captui'e of only two of their \illages, had these 
 vilhiiTe's been of the oi'dinarv unfortilied kiiid.s. 
 
 Amongst the i-esults ex[)eete(l from the laiblicatioii of this repia-t, 
 it is hoped to correct a nund)er of popular eirors and wrong imjires- 
 sions that ai'e unduly ])revalent in the tei-ritory with which we ha\e 
 <lealt. There is, of com\se. the usual tratlition of "' buried treasure>,'" 
 always to be found in connection with historic rejiorts. and in this 
 locality it is even more rife than elsewhere. ^Llny intcdligent persons 
 

 -.^ 
 
 12 
 
 mv iiiipri'ss('(| witli the idea that trciisuri's Imvc been Imried at tlu'sti 
 Iiistoric idacfs, wliercas in roiility there is nothiiifj iiioiv jjrecious to l>o 
 toiuid than chips of old brass kettles or woi-n-out toiiialiawks. But 
 tlie beliel' ill 'treasures" is fleeply rootcvl. aii<l in a few places it even 
 results in retieence when iiifoniuition is souii'lit, and thus obstructs the 
 course of ^'uileless scientihc en(|uiry. As a rule, howevcT, the t'arniors 
 of Tay. as elsewhere, have been extremely courteous while I was 
 prosecutiiiLr my eiu|uirit.'s : and it is hoped that the report will further 
 stinnilati' them and others to observe closely the Huron remains in 
 their respecti\(' neii^hliorhoods. 
 
 Of wide prevalence is the en(»neous opinion that Fox's farm in 
 Medonte had tliesiteof St. Ij;nace 11. where the two early inissionaries 
 were tortured to death by the IrcHpiois. Father Chazelle's earlier clioiee 
 of a sile on Stui'ijeon Ki\er lor St. I^'iiace has almost been l<jst 
 >ii;ht of liy the a^'ceptaiice of the Fox farm theory. I>ut his theory of 
 Victoria Hailior as the site of St. Louis still lin^^'i's, and with a slight 
 chano-i' ii becomes the truth. The ii'jfaidine' of the human bones found 
 at the site on Sturtieoii l!i\fr as the remains of Hrebeuf and lialle- 
 mant. is an opiinon still current with a few of the older persons. F>ut 
 the opinion that ''The Chimnies" on the east side of Matchedash Bay 
 Were early l''rench strnctuies. is now almost ob.solete. Sueli errors as 
 the.sf, it is hoped, will be finally cradicat«'d by the perusal of tliese 
 notes. 
 
 DESCltllTlUNS OF THE VJLLAdE SITES, ETC. 
 
 1. SaMIIM, I). FliA/Kli's. 
 
 On the east end of lot 101, conct'ssion 2, (Samuel D Frazer, 
 Es(|., owner). Huron cani]»s ha\c been found scattered over an area of 
 five or six acr.'s. Mr. Frazer has lived here since lSo9, and has been a 
 {•lose obseixcr in everything that has ])ertaiiie<l to the aborigines, as 
 well as in other matteis. He states that cornhills were numerous near 
 this site at the time the land was cleared. These cornhills were of the 
 large kind described in our Rejiort on the townshi]) of Tiny, |iage 1'i. 
 Relics of till' usual kinds have becui found, and also a few others less 
 common, among which was a discoiflal stone measuring an inch and 
 three-fourths in diameter ami ti\e tMLihths thick, slightly pitted near 
 the middle on each side. 'J'his was pre-^ented by Mr. Frazer to the 
 Pro\ incial Museum, and is No. 10,702 in the arclweological collection. 
 Mr. Frazer has befriended the science (jf arclueology in other ways, 
 more especially by the presentation to tlie museum of a sword, dated 
 IGl'.l. also found in this neighborhood. The position of this village 
 
1.-} 
 
 n Imi'ied at tliosf 
 lore prei-ious to be 
 tomaliawks. But 
 cw places it even 
 
 tl ins ol (Struct s the 
 ,\'over, the farmers 
 !OUs wliile 1 was 
 report will further 
 
 Huron remains in 
 
 luit Kox's farm in 
 ) early missionaries 
 /A'Ue's earlier choice 
 almost been lost 
 Hut his theory of 
 ;, and with a slight 
 luniian bones found 
 IJrebeui" and i.alle- 
 older persons. But 
 (,f Matchedash Bay 
 te. Such errors as 
 he pt'rusal of these 
 
 SITES, ETC. 
 
 (Samuel D Frazer, 
 Lered over an area of 
 
 1HS9, and has been a 
 
 to the aborio'ines, as 
 ; were nuuieroiis near 
 
 cornhills were of the 
 hip of Tiny, pa^e 1-^ 
 ilso a few others less 
 icasurint- an inch and 
 :, slightly pitted near 
 by Mr. Frazer to the 
 'ha-ological collection. 
 olo'-'V in other ways, 
 ■nm of a swonl, dated 
 osition of this village 
 
 doul)tless indicates the dire<ti(»ii taken by tlir trail tliat led westward 
 from Ste. Maiii^. 
 
 ■2. Sl'K. M.\MIK ON THK WYK. 
 
 The ruins of Ste. Marie, the fortified mission Imilt by tin 
 Jesuits ill 16:5!) and occupied by them for ten years, may be simii on 
 lot 16, concession :>. It was a stone fort and is the most noteworthy 
 object of historic interest in Huroiiia, thf)ugh in its pifsent crumbled 
 condition it can be called only a ruin of a ruin. 
 
 ■...^>" 
 
 I'l.W 111 >TK. \| \i;iK UN TIIK W ^ K. 
 i:v nil: i;i;v. (Jkh. IUi.i.kn (in IS.V.;). 
 
 W'liile prejiaiing these notes, 1 was favoi'ed by Mr. Ivlgar Hjilien, 
 o\' Orillia. with the u-e of a ])laii of Ste. Marie made in 1S.")2 by his 
 father, the late llev. (!eo. ILilleii. With his pernii.«sion the ainiexcid en- 
 graving has lieeii made — a special favor that will bo of much \alu<' to 
 students of lii.story generally, as the present condition of the fort 
 scarcely admits of the iiiakiiig of a detinite sketch, .\lthough the 
 small tracing of the fort in F'ather Martin's Montreal edition of Bi'es^- 
 ani's Relation was copied from this ])lan of Mi-. Hallen's, it lacks a 
 number of <letails given in the original sketch. 
 
14 
 
 '^J'Ik- Miitlior of the ski'tcli wrote ii iiotf thfr-cdii tlwit is wortliy of 
 x)Ui' attention: '■ In tlic (riistfi'ly ) llfistion, is an instanct- of tlu- Hank 
 ol" a hastioii l>cin.f cni'vcd witli its convexity towards tlie interior of 
 till' work, insteail n\' lieini; rectilinear." The original sketdi also fur- 
 nishes ii.s with means for tlio mcasuivnient ol' the dimensions of tlie. 
 
 
 Tort. The enitains on the two sides fortified liy stonework are a])- 
 proxiniately 110 and o? feet in lenu'th ; while the extreme measure- 
 ments in .straio-ht lines alonu' the same sides (/. c. incdudinj; the widest 
 reaches of the bastions) are al)out l(l') and 110 teet. The distance 
 fi'om the I'ort to the river is 44 yards. The trench ah)n(T the .soutlierly 
 
 tnri 
 
 the 
 vSte. 
 
 27!) 1 
 
 ]il'i'.s| 
 
 ., the 
 
 I 
 
 sonii 
 snial 
 
 Ne\\| 
 
tlu' Hank 
 Ulterior <•*' 
 1 alsii t'lir- 
 Diis ol" lln' 
 
 
 iwork are ap- 
 •ome measure- 
 ino' thf widest 
 The distance 
 T the southerly 
 
 viid is not continued in tlir diji<i[raiii licyond the stonework, hut some 
 have oliservrd this to he continue*! in a southeasterly direction to Mud 
 l^ake, thus trivin;:' doul)le access for water coiium;^' into the tivnches. 
 In the event of w sie;^-e, if one course shou'd he stopped the otlier niij^'lit 
 111' ke])t ojieii. 
 
 xVs e\ery ohservei will inxariahiy record featiwes that do not 
 "strike" another ol)sorser actiiiu' independently, it may he interestin<,' 
 to compare Mr. Halien s plan with one made hy Petei- Burnet, P. li- 
 Surveyor, who sketched the place in lS7(i. The latter plan, wliich 
 also lielontjs to Mi'. Kd;;ar Halien, iiicludi;s all the environs on the west 
 half of lot Hi. hut we reproduce thrrefrom only the t'ortitication itself. 
 It is not my intention to j.;ive an extended description of the fort 
 lii'ic. as it has often Iteen descrihcd in accessihie hooks. I will adil a 
 few hihlionrniphical notes for the guidance of those readers who may 
 ish to pursu(! the suhject further. The carefully ju'cpired deserij 
 
 w 
 
 tioii hy the lie\. Feli.\ Martin in his Life of .Io^ues is worthy of 
 till' readei's attention, as he visitctl the place in LS.")'), when the fm-r 
 ^\as ill a moie couiplete condition than it is in at jn'csent. 
 
 Bll5l,l«M!l!AI'HV. 
 
 Adam. G. Mercer. (ieoi-<;ian I'.ay and the Muskoka Lakes. ( Pic- 
 tui'csiiue Canada, Vol. 11.. Toi-onto, liSS2). 
 
 At )»a<;-e .')S2 there is an account of Fort Ste. Marie on the Wye and 
 the Unrolls. 
 
 Bain Jas,jr The |)resent condition of the old French Fort at 
 Ste. Marie. ( Pn.c. Cana I. Institute, .Mrd Series. Vol. III.. 18-S6, pp. 27S 
 279). 
 
 Boyle, David St^^ Marie. (Fourth Annual Hepoitof the Canad. 
 Institute — Appendix to Report of the Minister of Education — Toronto, 
 lH!tl). 
 
 The notes on Ste. Marie, at pa;.fes IS and I!), <leal ehietly with its 
 
 present condition. 
 
 Bressani F.J. Relation Alire-^V^e. (Montreal, lfS52. Edited hy 
 the Rev. Felix Martin). 
 
 Has various reference to Ste. .Mai'ie. It contains also at pao-e •.\:\:\ 
 some notes hy Fatliei- Martin (jii the ruins of Fort Ste. Marie, with a 
 small plan of the fort. 
 
 Charlevoix, Francois X. de. Ili.story and licneral <lescription of 
 Ni,'W#France. 
 
 In Rook VII there is a description of Ste. Marie. 
 
Harvey, Arthur, and Alan Macdougall Kmty-tliinl Aiiminl 
 Kcport of tilt' CiiiiMil. Instiditc. 'I'l-Hiisnctioiis, 4tli series, Vol. :>. IMii. 
 
 A ri'lVi'ciiee to the excui-.sioii made to 8te. Miirie on Sept. 2S, IH!H, 
 mentions the feivtnres of the fort ieco^'ni/(!(| on thiit oecasion. ineliulin^' 
 the " water ;^ate. ' 
 
 Hunter, A F. Note on Ste. Marie on the Wye. [Bnrrows' 
 Reissne of the .lesuit llelations, (K. (J. 'j'hwaites, Editor), ])at;e 2<)!J, 
 Vol. 19, with sketch map at pa<-t' 270). 
 
 Lalemant, Jerome, lielation de ce ipii s'est ])as.<(' en la mission 
 des Hun.ns, (.Imu-, lU:}!) to Jnne, j()4()). 
 
 ('hap. IV. De la residenoi' fixe de Sainte Marie. 
 
 Martin, Rev Felix Life of .logues. Appen<li.\ A. cctntains a 
 carefully written description of Ste. Marie;, which Father Martin visited 
 in liSo'). 
 
 Parkman, Francis. Jesuits in Noi-th America. 
 
 In < 'li.ip. 2.5 there is a lengthy descripticjii of Ste. Marie. 
 
 :{. .loiiN McDiat.Mirrs 
 
 Remains of a few Ciimps have been fomid i>n the northwest corner 
 of Jnliii McDermitt's farm, the west half of lot I '), concession 4. The 
 iiidications ai'e that this was a small villajj;e, havintj no palisades', — tlie 
 few scattered l(jd»;('S having been placed there because of some spring's. 
 The position shows the probalile route taken by the Huron trail that 
 led from Ste. Marie eastwai'il. This lay aloni;' the south ed<fe of some ele- 
 vated Lfround (islands in the e.stinct (jireat Nipissing Lake)— the district 
 immediately s(juth of this trail having been occupied in Huron times 
 bv hunnnocks surrounded with thickets and by small streams (lowing 
 into Mud Lake, the ground there being accordingly unsuitable for much 
 travelling. 
 
 4, TllK Pl!<)l'.AHI.K SlTK Ol' St. LoI'IS JL 
 
 At another part of Mr. McDermitt's farm (lot 1."), concessioii 4) 
 there is a much larger accumulation of blackene<l soil and ashbr(|>, 
 mixed with relics. The site is near the line between the west and east 
 halves of the lot, but a little way into the east half. It is situated on 
 a hill, almost, if not quite, surrounded l>y low ground : and on account 
 of occupying such a position, it is evidant prima Jar ic. that the village 
 had l)een ])alisade<l. From this place to Ste. Marie the distance is 
 about a nn'le. Just west of the site rise .some springs from -which the 
 
 pou 
 imii 
 
 so 
 
 it w 
 
 the 
 
 bee; 
 
 sel( 
 
 late 
 
 (■' 
 app 
 
 us. 
 
 mih 
 
 latt 
 
 amc 
 
 whil 
 
 naiil 
 
 I raj 
 
 noti 
 
 f 
 
 roil 
 
r 
 
 il AnmiHl 
 ,1. :',, IS! 12. 
 
 . -is, IS!>I, 
 iiicl(»<liuj;' 
 
 [Burrows' 
 ]iii«;l' '2()l>. 
 
 la missinii 
 
 contains u 
 ivtin visited 
 
 iNVt'st corner 
 ision 4, The 
 ilisiiik'S, — tlic 
 ■ioiiK" springs, 
 ■on tiail tliiit 
 [eot'souKelf- 
 — the district 
 
 Hin-on times 
 eaiiiH llowing- 
 able i'or nuich 
 
 concession 4) 
 
 and asl\br(l>, 
 
 west and east 
 
 is situated nn 
 
 .11(1 on account 
 
 hat the village 
 
 he distance is 
 
 loni which the 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 villaj^e hiid Imcii ^ileiititully su|i|ilitd witli iVoli water. One niiiii 
 while jilouyhin;,' i>m tlie ^ite a few veins a^n», found an iiirtlieii pot 
 (wliicli Itroke on li.iiiLf distuilied) and in it were six iion tomahawks. 
 Northward t'roin tiie \ illa;4C there was a ijraveyard coiitainiiiL; a few 
 lairials, wdiidi, so far as oliser\ri|, weir of tlie isolated or sin^de type. 
 The skeleton (if a person of Very lar^e jiroportiniis was found ainon^^ 
 tiu'se. An;4iis Mcl)eriuitt, a laotlnrof the landowner, counter] twenty 
 lod;;es III (he site, the usIiIkmIs ol camp tires, rte., lirinLT in some plaei's 
 as niueji as three feet in thickness. 
 
 it is proliahle the site is that of St. i-ouis II.. the second \illaj;e 
 taken and hunied hy the rroijuois in March. l(i+!), and tlir one at 
 wdiich the desuit niissionai'is. r.iidi( iif a.id halleniant, were captuied, 
 heine' le(l thence to St. Ij^fnace, where they wire jait to death. Aniont;' 
 till' considerations that lead up to this conclusion are the followinff : — 
 
 {(I) The si/e estimated hy Mr. Mcl)erniitt, \i/.., twentv lodges 
 (I'eckoniiiir the usual numlier of fnur or ti\e families to e\ crv lorlce), 
 would he nearly the size of ,Sl . Louis as recorded liy the Rev. Paul 
 Raj,nieneau. Accordin;f to that chmnKder. about 500 Hurons had for- 
 saken the place at the first alarm, lea\ inj^' SO wai'riors to tij^ht the 
 Iro(|uois. 
 
 (/') It was on the only route frian Ste. Marie eastward to N'ictoria 
 Harbor, the commercial eentii' of tie- ilui'ons hereabout. As we 
 pointed (lut in <»ur desci-iptioa of the preceding site, the ifroinid 
 innnediatelv siaith of this trail was not suitable for travellin<' : and 
 so tar as it has been examined, it yitlds no traces of villages or trail.s 
 
 {(•) The relics found at this place ari' of such kinds as to show that 
 it was a village tjf the \ (^y latest pt'riod of th<; Huron occupation of 
 the ilistrict. The existence of palisading also tends to ))ro\e the same, 
 because, farther lia(d< in (he country, the Hu illages of earlier date 
 
 seldom had [lalisades. Of all (lie fortified \ .ig(!s btdonging to that 
 latest period yet found, this is the nearest to Ste. Marie. 
 
 (d) As to the distance of St. Louis II. from Ste Marie, a litth* 
 apparent diversity in the evidence furnished by the lecords confronts 
 us. Raguenean gives us the distance as not moi'^; than a league (two 
 iidles and a half) : but Regnant explicitly makes it ninch less. The 
 latter writer uses the name "St. Ignace" (really ajiplied to the mission 
 among all these villages, as Ragueneau also ttdls us) fo" the village to 
 wdiich the two missionaries had set out. and does not mention the 
 name "St. Lonis." He gi\ es the distance as 'a shf»rt (juartor of a 
 league" from Ste. Marie. The site under consideration, therefore, is 
 not at variance with the conditions pj escribed by either writer. 
 
 (c) Wherever .situated, it is a fact that St. Louis H. could be seen 
 
 from Ste. Marie, as all tlie writers agrtM^ in stating that t1i<ise in the 
 2 
 
laijuuiM 
 
 fort could M'<' tln» liiiiniiii' of tlir villairc Tliis riiniislii's n well- 
 mitliciiticntf'd ti-st. Kioin oliHcivatioiis ihmiIc iiputi tlio ;;iouihI, I IouihI 
 tliiit, inokiii^r castwarfl Iriiiii Stiv Marie, (lie only plapc wliere sja'cta- 
 t( s could soc a tire in tlic tlistaiicc was at this very site. A hiiuiII 
 tract ol' t'levatfd ;;r()inid, cisini; ont of t'vcr^fii'i'u tliickftM, clost-s 
 till' view li'oiii Sti'. Marie toward llic soullieast, and dis(|naliHfs 
 flu" sites faillifi alon;i' tlie trail at the head of N'icloi-ia Harlior from 
 heini; the place we are seel<in;i;'. It is ([uite li'iie that, in a Honlherly 
 direction, hud there ])een a coiitlayraticai at site Nn. 10 on the hi,e|i 
 j^rotind of th(( inierioi', it iMij;lit have luen seen from Ste. Marie across 
 the edee of Mud l,al<e: hut No. JOas well as t he adjacent .sites Nos. 
 11 and 12 connected with it. alth(tn^h re<.jarded Ity some mh St. licaus 
 il. have failed to satisfy other conditions. 
 
 This di.scuHsion of St. I.onis II would he incomplete without .some 
 refeivnci's to the \ iew.s held hy others in ree-jird to its ])ositi(ai. 
 
 Fatliei' (dia/.elle wlio visited the locality in 1.S42 appears to have 
 Ihcm the lirst to i'oi'm any opinion on t he suhject. A tishinj;' \ illae^e 
 at the iiiiinth of Ho^^n- lli\rr (No. 7). the landine' place for the \illa<j|;es 
 of the iTitei'ioi', was the only site tlieii known in its nei<iiihorhood ; and 
 he fixed u|)on it as the site of St. L<Miis II. Father .Martin and othei- 
 I'mpiirers followeil hini in holdinif tlii.s opiniijii. This, however, was 
 determined in accordance with the diagram of Huronia in l)ucreu.\, 
 which, as they failed to perceixe. shows the earliest position of St' 
 L(aii>, as we have ali'eady |ioiiiicd out in the introduction. 
 
 Others ha\e ree'jirded the site No. 10 as tlie place. This opinion, 
 howox ei', .seems to have heen the result of the lindin^' of a vei-y lar<;'e 
 honepit there, sueL;t,'stinijj to the popular mind that a mas.sacre had 
 taken place, and recalline' the ti^ht at St. Loui.s II. To tho<e who 
 understand how a lionei)it was formeil ainon;f the Hurons. \ iz., hy the 
 aceiUMulation of human hones for a peiiod of several yeai's, the findinj^ 
 of this pit pi'o\ es exactly the o[)posite of a massaci'e : in fact, it fur- 
 nishes a yood proof that the site was occupied in time ot peace and 
 was not St. Louis II. In othei- res|)ects, al.so, the site forhids tlie ide.-i 
 that it was the captured \ dilate. 
 
 .Vti'ain, the site on the Kvans farm (No. (i'jlia.s presented some prn<.- 
 !;Me indications, and the reader is referred to our (h-scription of it for 
 fuller ]iarticulars Hut a strong' ohjection to the Evans site lie.s in the 
 fact that it was hidden from St<'. Marie l>ehind some hiirli trvound. 
 
 ! 
 
 .'iiii 
 
 ..t 
 
 noti 
 
 St. 
 
 hy 
 
 am 
 
 hell 
 
 th.l 
 
 -M.- 
 
 an 
 
 ■ I I Hi 
 
 5. Nev's. 
 
 On the west side of Victoria Harbor, some ahoriginal remains have 
 beevi found on lot 14, concession 5. These remains con.sisted of the 
 
10 
 
 •s 11 Wfll- 
 iil, I I'oiiinl 
 
 A small 
 ;t'tH, cliisi'S 
 (lisiHiiiiitifH 
 iirlior I'nmi 
 
 I Houilit'ily 
 )ii tlif lii^li 
 lai'ie )icn'S> 
 
 t sites \ns. 
 
 s St. [joiiis 
 
 itiiolll SdllM' 
 
 lion. 
 
 jirs to lifivc 
 
 liiiij;' \ iiliij^f 
 
 the \illii;^<'s 
 
 Di'liiKxl : iiiwl 
 
 II and (ttJK'i' 
 lowi'vcr, Wiis 
 ill DuciTUx, 
 isitioii lit" St- 
 
 Tliis opinioii, 
 a scry lai'^f 
 uussiici't' lm<l 
 '() tlio^t' vvlio 
 s, viz., I)y the 
 •s, the tiiiditi^f 
 fact, it t'ur- 
 I ot pt'iK'i.1 and 
 bids tlif> idi-!i 
 
 HI soinp prod- 
 tioii ot" it I'oi" 
 iitt' lies ill till- 
 1 jjrouiid. 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 ii>iial |iuttrry t"ra;^iiifuts niid utlu r idics in aslilicds, Many caclics i>r 
 «'iii|ity pits air at tlif sitr. 'riitic is also a patch ol" second-growth 
 tii'fs -what is called an " Indian cliaiinj,' ;" lait tliis pliciioiucnoii may 
 111 jKiitly due to thr Im(U of nia\il, ^i) niMch ot" which is to he found 
 there that the Midland Railway has an extensive " (Iras el I'il " neai- it. 
 Hilt it may also he at lenst partly dne to actual cleariiin-, as the ances- 
 tors nf siaiie of t he present Ojil.way Indians at ('hiistian Island an- 
 -uid to ha\c ;^iown their corn at this jilaee, and liscd here. It must 
 mIso ha\e liceii a lainlin;^' place for the earlier Huron Indians. 
 
 (i. K\A.VS'. 
 
 .\ Huron viilaife site ■•\isls on the K\ans farm, the west half of lot 
 \'2. e(inees-<ion •"), at i\ ■^hol•t distance from the shdi'e of N'ictoria llar- 
 hor, and on the e|c\;itei| ground of an old lake terrace. It is now 
 aliuosl oliliterated hy the farm liiiildiiios, orchard and garden, and it.s 
 first appearance when the uroiind wa-. m-w is ditlicult to L;et correctly 
 recorded. IJut the late Will. Kvaiis. who lir.st .settled tliis place, and 
 whose family still occupies it , ;(ave Mr. A. C Oslioriie an account of 
 what he fouml. and to Mr. ( )shoriie 1 am indel)te(| for the follow iiiiLl' 
 description : —" Mr. K\aiis Imilt liis lo;^' house many years at,fo. and in 
 diiiji'in^ the cellar found almut six feet of ashe.s. Iiar<;-e clumps of 
 eherry trees, remains of corn deposits in liireli hark, charred remains 
 of palisades, lar.je iiumliers of tcMiiahawks, knives, stone iiiiplemeiits, 
 and relics of \arious kinds were also tVaind. The site is admirahly 
 .adapted lor det"eiice on one siile <aily." 
 
 Kroni the scanty e\ idence that has come hefori; me, I liaxc 1 u 
 
 ;il)le to conclude that this villae'e. althoue-h occuiiied duriiiir the time 
 of the French traders, did not heloiie' to the very latest period. It is 
 not in full \ iew of Sle Marie, and accordiiiL:l\- cannot he reo'arded as 
 St. Louis 11, Ijecause the Ipiirniii;,^ of that ill-fated vilhiet' cduld lie seen 
 I py the spectators at Ste Marie. 
 
 A slua't way to the sout hwai d of this \ illaii'e site, the er( mud makes 
 another aliru]it rise, the faces of the steep hills heini:' eosered with 
 lien y patches. On the hit^iiest plati'aii was the conipatch lie|iiiiL,diiif to 
 the village. This is situati-d on the laa'thwest (|ii,ii ter of hit 11. \Vm. 
 .Maun'han, the owner, h.as found many cornhills on his land. There is 
 an excellent view from this hi<ih },n"ouiid, o\ crlookine' N'ictoria Harhov 
 and the more distant islands. 
 
 renianis have 
 
 usisted of the 
 
 7 \'i;nt's. 
 
 At the mouth of Hoee Ki\er there is the site of a \illai:f. occuiiied, 
 louljtless. liy Hurons as well as hy AlediKjuiiis of later times, as the 
 
20 
 
 '<]u)ri- mT Victnriii Unrlpor wasn luMniii' rrsmi of Imlians until witliii. 
 i't'C«>nt ycais Itn poHitiun .m ihc md ol' n tiuil sluiws timt il wuh ii 
 lisliinj^ \ illii;,'!' Mini )i " ]i<»i't (>r I'liti'v ' I'll! till- \ illM;,'cs of tin- iiitri'ioi'. 
 It is sitimli'd oil ilic iiisi li.iiik nl tlir i i\ri, un lot |:i, coiici-ssion (>, 
 ((i(>(i, N'liit , iiw iHi) I'ltttrry riii;;iin'iits wi'ic |)l<Mi;4liri| up licrc, aini 
 
 (itlnT rt'li('»-, ilM'lllilillL; tWn ilniililf-liiirn'il rrnssfs, ji hii-^fc niii' tind u 
 silDlll one. Tllc crnsscs Well- Inliil'l lllilliy ynU's ,i;ii» liy Ulli' ililIU)'^ 
 
 Mnloiii'y wliili' plitiinhiii;; I'ni tin* uccii|»;nil of tliiit tiiiic, .Imiit's ( !oyIt', 
 
 illl'i W lie J)|(S(lltf'<i lo llli Ui'\, I'lltllcr (y'lllllrsf ol' l'riirtaii;;iiis|iorH'. 
 Tlic site lM'loii;,f<'(| III the .■mlii'st llnroii |(c'i'in(| ,is tlir putlrry Uiv^- 
 
 IIK'nts J^<» (o show, luit tllr i|(iul»l»'-li;nit'(| crosses !i;|i| ,1 liiori' iccctlt 
 
 oi'ii^iii. |ii'ol»iilily in tlic ri^fjitrcntli ci'titiirv, 
 
 'I'liis site luis aci)iiir'i| sonn' iiii|tortiiiiri' IVoiii tlic I'm't (hat it \\a^ 
 known as early as l.Sl'_V when the Kev. Father T. Clia/.e||f, S,.)., visiteij 
 it in the lielief that il was Si. I,onis II. This was an eiToneais view 
 as we have elsewlieie saiil, liut it was eviilcntly due to the lad that 
 there was no other site then known, and lo the afc(.'|)tan('e of Diicreu.x's 
 niaji MS a uuidf foe the |io>itioiis of i he missions in 1(140. It was, 
 however, M clo.se M|»|)i(t.\iiiiati(ai to the iiiie |io-it ion, as the reader may 
 inftT from the facts as now iniderstnoij. 
 
 |i\- following;' the I rail up the east hank of the river a little way, 
 the men with Kathei- C'liazelle found ti'ees markid with liulian " l»la/es." 
 ( >ne. a larije flni, was marked with a cross, proliahly to show the fork- 
 in" of the trMil at the i»lace. This was at tlm so-called " Indian clear- 
 in<>" ' on lot 12, shown in oui' dia;L;iani of the next site. 
 
 It may he of some interest to add tliat Kather ( 'ha/elle, w hen oii 
 tliis early e\]iedition to lioyu' Miver. held an open air meeting' (eitluT 
 at the •' Indian cl<'arin>i' " or at the outlet). He preached to a con- 
 coiu'se of settlers on the suliject of the massaci'e of the early mi.s.sion- 
 aries. 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 N. TiiK l*i!oi;.\iii,i', Srrt; *>v St. I(;n.\ck II. 
 
 Through the farm of (.'has. E. Newton, Esi|.,the west half of lot II, 
 concession 6, the Hofj^ liiver has cut a couloir or path in the old lake 
 bed deposits to a depth \ar\'in^ from Hfteon to twenty feet. In this 
 part of its coui',se the i-iver makes a loop soinotliin<( like the letter I', 
 which encloses an ideal spot for a villatjc retjuirine' means of defence. 
 
 Hurons selected for one of their villages this plot of eiound, coii- 
 tainini!" four or five acres, in the bend of the river. This yround is 
 covered with ashbeds and blackened soil, mixed with relics. The lat- 
 ter consisted of iron tomahawks, knives, pieces of metal pro))ably cut 
 out of worn-out brass kettles, and ])ottery frajfinents in endless quan- 
 
 \VI 
 ii<i| 
 nol 
 
 is 
 
•J I 
 
 witliiii 
 
 it WIIH II 
 
 iiit< rim . 
 •I'ssidfi t>, 
 ici'c, mill 
 I' iiikI h 
 I' iliiine.'^ 
 •s ( 'oylc, 
 i,niis|i('ni', 
 •rv tVii'^'- 
 
 IT rrcriil 
 
 lilt it \va^ 
 .1.. \ isitcii 
 
 r ill^ vi('\V 
 t'flCl tllill 
 
 |)liclt\ix'> 
 
 It was, 
 mlrr uiav 
 
 little wav, 
 
 I' 
 
 l)ln/.(.'s. " 
 ' tlic I'dfk- 
 liiiii cli'iir 
 
 ', w lit'ii oil 
 
 ill;;' (ritllrr 
 
 to a coii- 
 
 V iiiissioii- 
 
 fof lot 11, 
 u> olil hiki' 
 t. In this 
 r l.-ttrr r, 
 t' tlt'tViiec. 
 on 11 J, coii- 
 s ground is 
 The lal- 
 obably cut 
 lloss quail - 
 
 lltii's. All tliisr lilies hIiow tliHi till- site WHS one of tlio«i' occupicfl 
 lown to tlif \i-i'y lal"st |MTi(«| nf tlf Hiiiini uc(Mi|i.itioii ol' tlir ilisti'ict. 
 Tlifif art' iiiiptv I'uclics at tin- >iti aiwl a |iollci\ jiisl smitli of it, 
 '.vlici'i' till' olay is of ;;oi»l i|iialily I'ur |ilustic work. Mr. NfWtoii lia.n 
 "X|M'riiiiiiiti il sucpt'ssfullv ill making terra riitiii t'riaii tin; saiiu' <'lay. 
 
 b°*'« in, \jt,i d\ 
 
 }^ im tj9 'yvet (tud •u.u.? Antiwn 
 ^ t/i< /ndvun Xienrma, 
 
 A'o rl/i <■ rlij ho a it da nj of V X^^^'li TVc a/*/ 'un'i'jn r'ln ' 
 
 ■■■/■A ^ ■ 
 
 Tin; l'llii|!.\i!|.|-; slTK nl sr. I(,\ \i I. II \Sli lis li.WIUuNs. 
 WllKIlK llltKllHI K \Mi I.M.I.K\nsr »I.,1IK. II I lii ukatii. .SImiiII, liir.i. 
 
 What a[i)>t?ars to have lu.Tii " tin- villuye t-nni patch" occiirs mar the 
 hou.se of Win. IjcniK'tt on lot 10 ainl it may have extended as far 
 north as the site itself, thoii;;-h the ('iilti\ated >,numid no loii<.;-er shows 
 any traces of the corn hills. Krom this site to Ste. Marie the distance 
 is :{.■; miles. 
 
•).> 
 
 A trail cttiiics tVoiii Oir Lfikc hy tin; way of Wavoi-lcy, mihI jiiNt 
 before rciichiiijir tliis place isdiviilrd into two strands, one |)assinn down 
 each side of tiie rivei'. These meet a^ain at the " Indijin ('kvirinn" nn 
 lot \'2. which we mentioned in coinicction with (he List site, 'i'he 
 trail down (he e;ist side us far as the " Indiini ( 'le;irin<,'," and thence to 
 the mouth of the river, wms widened, niiiny ycirs iis^o, into ii (loveiii- 
 nient ro;id, now ilisiiseil. 
 
 It is prohMhle the so-eidled " Imli.-in t 'learini;' " is due to (he ur.MVelly 
 soil, which would not i»ernu( of tlit> growth of I rces, rather than to 
 actual cloarlni,' liy the almrinines. Hut, whatevi,'r its origin, it was 
 cer(aiidy a resort of (he Indians, the fork in the trail having heen 
 here. These ( rails were u 1 liy (horn until recent years when (he 
 erection of fences olisdMieted (heii' course 
 
 The plot of ground in (lie heiid of the rixcr lias heen calli'd ( 1h' 
 ■' Jesuits' Field " lor many years, liut liy whom it was su-nanipd is not 
 known to Mr. Newton. Nor has my eiuiiiiry so far elicited any 
 explanation of the name, unless it liecanii- connected with the place 
 from (he visi( of Hev. 1'. Chazelle, S .1., (o tlie nei<j;liliorhood in IS42, 
 as descrilied in (lu account, of the last mentioned site. It is not 
 evident, however, (hat he visi(ed (his plot on the west siilc of thi 
 river. 
 
 This spot lias also the usual t radii ions of huried ( leasure, in e\cu 
 ^•reater niimliers than elsewhere, if that were |i().ssii)le Thus, the |{cv, 
 .1. II. McColliim, rector of St, Thomas, Toronto, who was here , -it the 
 o])eiiin<i' of the AiiLjlicaii church in i Ml, makes a reference to one of 
 these ti-aditioiis in his accouiK of the place wri(ten for (he (^i(in(<liiiv 
 ell II rclniiK II ; — 
 
 ■'This hapjiy \ alley was once (he scene of (erriiile enconnleis 
 hetween (he lliirons and (he sa\a^'e lro(|Uois; and in (his \ alley the 
 early missionaries to t liese iinliappy H'A men huried (he, sacred vessels 
 of their church to .save them from destruction. The pl;ice is known 
 as the ' .lesiiit's Me;idow ' to this day," 
 
 It is prohahlr this site in the river's heiid was St. It;nace II., the 
 first Huron \ilia^e capturcil hy the Iroipiois in the early moi'niiio- uf 
 March It), iti4ii, and the |ilai'e to which Ihchi'iif and Lalleiiiant were 
 hrouujht.a lew hours later, and (hei'c (ordinal to death. Its distance 
 from Ste. Marie eoiiicid"s pretty well with the records, all the writtMs 
 aij;reein:4' (hat it was less than two leagues (five miles), and alioiit a 
 leaifue from St. Louis, which, in my opinion, was the site at Mr. 
 Mid)eniiitt',-> (No. h, 
 
 lint the s(,ron_ifes( ex idfiice is in (he coiilioina( ion of the ground. 
 Hex. V. Ka^iieneau's accoiiiU of the place i^lvelation. 1 1)4!)) suj^j^ests a 
 
•23 
 
 Mild jllsl 
 
 n^ tltiwii 
 riii^' " ciii 
 t.'. Tilt 
 liciu'c to 
 < Inver ii- 
 
 4r!ivt>lly 
 
 tli.-iii to 
 
 1, it whn 
 
 iiii;' I)t'('ii 
 
 lu'ii tin 
 
 illlt'd llir 
 
 fil is Hot 
 it I'd any 
 
 lit' jlJlUT 
 
 ill IN4-J. 
 t is not 
 
 t' ..r til. 
 
 ', in cNcn 
 
 . thr II. v. 
 
 \v a( till- 
 to on.' .if 
 iiiiiiil III}) 
 
 icon lit. 'I- 
 iiUcy the 
 (1 Vt'ssi'ls 
 s Uiiowii 
 
 .' il.. til.' 
 in I inn' III' 
 
 flllt W.ll- 
 
 iliHtiinc- 
 
 ■ writcis 
 a 1 Hint a 
 
 ■ at Mr. 
 
 ^I'.iiiiiil. 
 i,i;!j;i'sts a 
 
 
 plan ol' til.' \illau[.' and its i»iui r. .uiidinL;s, an.l t.'IK lis lit't'.ircliami .>f 
 what a|i|i.'aiiiiH'('s w.- may .'Xji.'ct t.itiiiij lli.'i'.'. H.- says: 
 
 ' l( was surroiin.lo.l liy a palisa.io ol |>.)sts IV.ini lilL't'ii |.i >i\ti'.'n 
 I'i'.'i lii;,di, and liy a dt'cji trciwli ( I'osso), wit li wlii.-li Nalur.' had |).)\vci- 
 lnlly stri'iintlii'iicl llw |)lac.' .m three sid.vs. a siuull sjiac' al.)iie 
 reiiiainiii;^' w.-ak.'r than tli.- .ilheis. Il was thioiiuli that part ilie 
 enemy t'or.'.'.l his ('iitraiic.',' 
 
 While this .leseripti.iii .)!' St. lonac.' II. will ■-uit, in some measure, 
 .iliiiost any palisa.led sit.', Ii.'caiise th.'.s.' w.'r.-. as a rule, j)lace'i .m a 
 spur of land, the (•.aiiplett'iiess .if the I'orl ilicat i.m, .'llectod liy Naliirt> 
 ill t his cas.'. w as such as to at I raet the attention ol' the chroiiicIeK w)»o \ 
 wrote til.' .I.'scri|)t ion just .pi.it.'d. .At'le a .lili^ciil s.'arch tlji'mi^h \ 
 the sites ol' the district, I can liinl iioii.' thai mi I'XaotK' Airrees with 
 this dcsLM'ipt ion ol' St liiiiace II. as this .sit.' .m .Mr. Ncvj'ton's larin. 
 
 !• Mr I'.lllNsoN s wii 'r.\vi..ii!'s. 
 
 
 / 
 
 A \ illa^.' sit.' on the t'ariii ol' .luhu lliitchiiisoii. the east litilt' nf lot 
 10, concession o, exl.'ii.ls iino the ailininiii'^ farm of h.'vi 'l"a\:J<l1'. lot !). 
 Ill a li.'l.l of Iwelv.' acres al tli.' sdiith sid.' of Mr. I lut.'liilisou's rariii 
 he has I'.iun.l lli.'s.' camps chieliy almiL; tli.' I.iot of a hill, aeaiiist tli.' 
 lac.' .if wdiich the alian.lon.'d li.'ach.'s .if the (Ir.at Nipissiiii.'' Lake are 
 slr.ai^ly iiiarUo.l. Tli.-r.' is ii.ithiiiL; in the appearance of tlu'se stiai;- 
 Liiinii' camps to in.licate that they lia.l li.'eii palisade.l. Tin' villaij;.' 
 was plentifully siipplie.l with water; a spring issues just north .if 
 what wiiN the most thickly populate. I urouml ; ami the llonii l!i\er is 
 divi.led into two parts at the fr.int of the farm, on.' pait^ llowino- ii.'ar 
 the sit.'. Th.' ashh.'ils liav.' yiel.led the Usual r.'li.'s 
 An .'iiyraA-iiiii "' " « !">' I'M"" found upon Levi Taylors 
 larm, is rejiroiliieed her.' fr.iiii the \rclia'olo<;ical Ke- 
 p.irt for |S!)7 N, pai:;.' lif S.mie cariioni/c.l c.irncolts 
 have li.'.'ii f.mnd aiiniii'' tli.' r.-iiiaiiis. and coriihilU 
 wer.' \isilile when th.' land was first put uinlei .'iilti- 
 xali.iii An aijfL;r.'eate of m.tre than a .lo/.eii iron 
 tomahawks lia\i', at xari.ms times, he.'ii I'oun.l hy .Mr. 
 1 1 utchinsiin in his Held. 
 A lioii.'jiit was iliseover.'.l in the \ear 1S7'.' on Int !> (I,e\i Tayl.a s) 
 near tlii' lioumlary lin. of Mr. Ilutchiiis.ni s larm. It m.'asur.'d ali.uil 
 twelv." f.'t't in .liamct.r, ami tlie depusii of liumaii holies w.'iit to a 
 depth of alioiit si\ I'e.t Im'Iow th.' level of the siirroiiiiiliiie; yroiiml. 
 I )c.lnctiiiL( two r.'.'l for the vacancy at lli.' top of the pit. caused l»y 
 siiikasjfc, l.'iix es the tlii.'kiiess of lli.' .I.'p.isit at ah.ait four feet. Th.' 
 li.iiiepit has K.'.'ii till.-il in ami is ii.iw ploiiijlieil ov.'r. ,\ short account 
 
•24 
 
 ul' it iippenivd, at tlif time it was found, in the Oriilln Pdrl.rt of St'[t- 
 tciiiber 5, 1879, and this was reprinted (thoujili the source was not 
 imlicated) in the Toronto {Ihtili/) Ulohe of Septend)er 10, in the same 
 year. Mi\ Hutchinson eontii'iii('<l, in tlie presence of the writer, on 
 July oth, liSiM), thf vaiious parti;'uhirs cited in tliis printed account. 
 'I'lie pieces of copper had prohalily l)een sections from kettles ohtaiiied 
 from Flench trach-rs. Tiic sliape uf one seen hy myself was trape- 
 zoidal, its sides beinn' about a foot lon^^', and its parallel ends two and 
 four inches respectively. Two or thi-ei' skulls taken from the pit had 
 i-ound holes in them. We reproduce here the original description 
 exactly as it appeared in the newspapers above mentioned : — 
 
 "While loL'gine' on lot !), concession .'). I'ay, Mr. John Hutchinson 
 an<l Messrs. (}. Hand Hueh Mills discovered a large giave,C(»ntaininjj, 
 they supi)o^e, in tlie neighborhood of five .Innidred bodies. They 
 o])ened tlie grave and ol)taine(l two tomahawks, bearing a Kivncli 
 stamp: four pieces of coppei'. each resembling a sole of a ))oot, of dif- 
 ferent si/.es. and wrapped in l)uckskin which is still fresh and strong: 
 one clay tol)aeco pipe, and parts of two sea-shells, one in biir preserva- 
 tion. The bones are those of peopli- much al»ove the present ordinary 
 stature. The searcliers saw a few children s remains, but i hese were 
 not in good preservation. A large trei- was gi'owing above, and luul 
 sent its roots down thiough, the grave. Mr. Hutchinson Hnds many 
 pieces of Indian crockeiy in clearing up his farm (lot 10)."' 
 
 Some camps that may be reckoned as part of this village occur on 
 land of Wm Taylor, the west half of lot 9, concession 5. abutting the 
 farm of his sou. Le\ i His land extends over the hill already men- 
 tioned, an<l it was on the lower ground where these camps wei'e found. 
 On the high<'r ground, howi'ver. near his <1 welling house, the point of 
 a sword (ten inches long) was found in IS99 and from time to time 
 iron tomahawks in consideralile nundx-rs. As many as .seven were 
 to be .seen at one time lying aroun<l the house. 
 
 < Ml the east half of lot M. concession ."> (west side of Hoofg River), 
 there were ba'inerly found a few potte'ry fragments, ii-on tomahawks 
 and clay )iii)es when the lam; was clcaie<l. 
 
 The scattered village that we have; iust tiiushed de.sci'ibin<>- mav 
 have been the mission marke<l Kaotia on Ducreux's niaj). though this 
 mission was more probably the group in the 8rd concession at lot 10 ; 
 but so inexact is the ma]i just mentioned that we can scarcely decide 
 which place is meant. The Rev. A. E -bmes, of St. Mary's ( 'ollege, 
 Montreal; has a wide accimiintance with the liteiattu'e of the missions, 
 and makes Kaotia icU'iitical with St. Anne's ((h'i/h'.i Neiri<- Letter, 
 .luiie -iit 189!M. 
 
25 
 
 V- 
 
 It' 
 on 
 
 It. 
 e.l 
 )(■- 
 nd 
 ad 
 on 
 
 10. Joiiy Houoiithxs. 
 
 A site on lot 10, concession :i. at which two lioncpits li.ivc Itt'cn 
 found, has attained to inoir than ordinary Tanii'. So many |)ci-s()n.s 
 have seen or heard oi' one oi- the other of the lionf|)itH here, and men- 
 tion it to cminirors, that it has hccomr the most cflobratt'd anioMj,' the 
 many interesting' sit<'s of tlu' district —a fact that is perhaps also 
 partly due to the j^reat size of onr of the pits. It has hecn stated to 
 myself that the first pit was (xamitied liy the late Dv. Tache durini^' 
 his c.xjilorations of the I'eniains in Hni'onia. Whtitht-r this statement 
 V)e corrector not which we havf no means of knowing hecause Taches 
 work is chiefly tmpuhlished). one of the pits was Cfrtainly known at 
 an caih' datr. It was often described a.s Kri'in<;ton's, Ix'cansc that was 
 the name of the first settler near it, thoufih it was not located on his 
 farm. ltap]iears tohavebeen sinic the timeof l)r. Tacln' sallejfefl visit, 
 however, that another larj^e bonepit was discovered neai' the first, the 
 discovery of the latter haviiij^- taken place in 1.S7N. it attracted some 
 attention in tlu,' newspapers at the time, an<l one of the parag»aphs 
 (from the Oakville Express. Nov. I. 1 878), we give herewith : — 
 
 '■ A large pit or ' ca\e ' has lately been discovered on (near) Mr. 
 \V. Erringtons farm, near Wyebridge, in which to aji])earan('e were 
 tht! remanis of aljout two thou.saiid pt^rsons, besides brass kettles, 
 beads, pi])es, and othei- Indian lelics. It is supposed to l)e in the 
 vicinitv of an old Jesuit fort, St. Louis, where in 1()49 there was a 
 terrific struggle between the now almost e.vtinct Hurons ami the 
 lio(ju()is." 
 
 The sIcuUs in this .second bonepit are said to have been arranged 
 in rows. Among the articles found in it we,-e a block of copi)er, some 
 co])per kettles and braids of human hair. I \ isited this famous site 
 on .July 7. 1891*. and inspected the ])it just d<'-<cribeil. It ha.s a diam- 
 eter of twenty feet ami is situated on tiie southciist ((Uarter of lot 10, 
 the owner being John Houghton. 
 
 What was described to me as the body of a dnld was found in one 
 of these pits (probably the tirst one discovered), wrapped in fur, and 
 placed in a copper kettle, the o\ide from which hail protecte<l the 
 tlesby remains from <lecay. Hut this may have been only ])art (jf a 
 child's liody, as de.scri|)tions are sometimes unintentionally distorted 
 e\cn bv e\ ('-witn(>sses. It is not impi'obalile that it was the specimen 
 that ultimately foinid its way into |)r, Hawtree's collection, and is 
 designated ' F'orearm and hand of a child from Sepnlchi-al Tit."' 
 
 riiere was a cornpatch at this site, a portion of which may still be 
 observeil in the woods tiear at hand There was a trail from here to 
 \ ictoria Harbor, and if there was anothei' trail in sununer leailing in 
 
26 
 
 a tlirect line to Stc. Mai'ie, tlir only pjissfihlc routr wouM V\r iicjirly 
 Avliere the I'onrtli com-fHsion line is now locateil, ami would cross at 
 least three e\er^reeii thickets. 
 
 It will lie ol)s<'rve(l that the writer ol' the |)araifra|ih, (mote(l al)o\c. 
 ^i\es criMJeiiCf to the view that the site under consideration was that 
 of the mission of St. Louis Jl. ; and the late Rev. .I.W. Atniis, a Metho- 
 di.st niiiiistei', who devoted some attention to thi' Huron sites, hehl the 
 same o])inion. 1 am inclined, however, to regard this place as thr one 
 marked Kaotia on Ducreux's map. An<l as a village liad to be niox fd 
 for sanitary i-easons aluait everv ten \ears. the two adjacent sitfs 
 (Nos. 11 and 12) would pi'ohahly indicate the same village at ditierrnt 
 periods ol' its existence. 
 
 II. Whethei' the campfires of the site just deserihed are situated 
 near the liC)ne[)its, or whether the marks of habitation thiTt' are nidy 
 tliose incidental to the corn})atch, is not yet clear. 1 1 is estal)li>lieii 
 beyond d<,>ubt, howevei', that many ashljeds of canqis occur on the west 
 half of lot 10, concession o. Wm. Hnnes, the tenant, has found many 
 pottery i'ragments, pipes, stone a.xes, and iron tonialiawks, tlie lattei' 
 being numerous. 
 
 12. On the east half of lot !). concession o, there is a village site 
 that shows some evidence of fortification. It is situate(l on the le\e'l 
 top of a hill or sjuir ol' high grotnid, and was probably |ialisaded. 
 Aslibetls are ininierous, and there was a I'efuse heap or mound, in all of 
 whicli the usual relics ha\e been found. The lot is owned by .1. ]). 
 Carscadden, Elliott's ( "orners, and occupied by the family of Syhcster 
 Cam])bell, Midlan<l. 
 
 l:i A village site occurs on the east half of lot 91. concession 1, 
 Cornelius McCarthy, an early settler in the disti-iet and the first per- 
 son to settle upon this lot, being still the owner. Stoni' axes, iron 
 tomahawks, tobacco pipes, pottery fragments and other relics have 
 been fonn<l at this site, whieh was located at natural springs of water. 
 
 14. On lot 87 (east half), concession l,a \illage site is met with: 
 also a l»onepit and ten or rnoi'c graves or small boneitits. These were 
 openi'd chiefly (hiring the time of occupation of the late Anthony 
 Latanville, who was the owner of the farm foi- many years. Prof. 
 Henry Montgomery (now of Trinity University, 'i'oi-onto) writes as 
 follows of a relic found hei-e : "The piece of large c<ipper kettle, witli 
 beavei' skin adhering to it, and which 1 donated to the rniveisity (of 
 Toronto), was taken from an ossuary on Latan\ ill(;"s place." This relic 
 is No. liS") of the ITnivei'sity collection. The villau'e site eo\-ers about 
 three acres, and .springs rise at it, uniting and flowing into the Wye 
 
Kivcr. Iron tomahuwks wry,- nnnu'rous. A pie'Cf ol' li-iid foiirtwii 
 poiintls ill vvciu-lit was fonii'l ; jiIso l.iillits; and a ncinhlior, Tlios. Mc- 
 Dowell, once found a (^iiii. 
 
 1"). A villaff site occurs on the west, lialf of lot 85, concession 1. 
 Cliarlos Elliott. wVio now occupies the farm on which the next site is 
 locati'd (No Hi), was formerly ihe owner here, and during,' his term of 
 owiicrshij) pottery fiaL;tiients, ii'ou tomahawks, etc., were touml. 
 Refuse iii(.»uiids, iiidicatin-- jirolon-vil haliitation. occur at this site 
 wliicli is near the stream ludonL^iiiL;- also lo the next site, hut on the 
 ojipositc hank. 
 
 1(i. The \illa,ue site numhereil heiv is hx-ated up(.n the west half of 
 lot S4, C(air-essioii 1 (('has. Klliol t, owner ). l^)ttery fragments, tohacco 
 pipes, iron tomahawks and other relics lia\f liei'ii found. The site ex- 
 tcn<ls acro.ss the Petietan.uuishenc Koa<l into \Vm. .M(d.i-IIan's ].lot of 
 l,M'ound, <ai which have also hen found many iron tomahawks, pipes, 
 etc. At this site, which is heside a stream, two empty caches or hid- 
 iii;;," pits occur on .Mr. Elliott'^ land. 
 
 17. On the west half of lot 4. concession :l. occurs a site, l>ut it does 
 not appear to 1m' .so extensive as others on hiuhe-r i^'rouml 
 (Georfxe Simp-on. owner). It is locateil heside a sfeam 
 that runs into Hooe' Uivei' at a short distance from it. 
 They have haiiid here various i-clics, including iron toma- 
 hawks. 
 
 1<S. A villae-e of considerahle si/.e existed on the south- 
 west (juarter of lot 77, concession 1. ( leoiee hawi' isthe 
 present owner, hut many remains wi'iv found in the time 
 of Robert (lorman the former occupant. Two refuse 
 mounds were formerly to \n- seen, showine- that the vil- 
 lage had heeii a ])ermanent one. Ashheds occur over an 
 area of about four acres, and they I'ontained numliers of 
 iron tomahawks, .^lass lieads. pottery fra-nieiits. pipes, 
 itc. A stream rises here and llows into llo^-^- Ri\er just beyond the 
 Simpson site ( No 17). 
 
 19. Many relics h:i\-e been pieke.l up on the I'.aunister homestead, 
 lot 7t), concession I. These included iron tomahawks, .^tiaie iixes and 
 ]>ottcry fra.e-meiits. indicating; the occnrrence of Huron camjis. But 
 whetlier these were outlyinu habitations of the last mentioned villaov 
 site (No. 18) or a distinct site altogether. I ha\e not been able to 
 decide. When the land was cleared cornliills were to lie .seen on t he 
 east part of thi.s farm. In connectinn with the ureal abun. lance ..f 
 
28 
 
 Huron corn patclies, mt'iitioncil so t'nj(|iu'iitly in tlicse notrs, I li.ivo 
 obscrvtMj thill rndian coin at the present day niatuivs villi threat 
 rapidity on tin- tine sandy loam of tins locality. 
 
 \ arions other sites occur in ttie iniinediate neiiihhoi'hood ol" iht; 
 liannistei' farm. l)Ut just beyond the boundaries of 
 lay township. It is not our intention, therefore, 
 to take notice of tlieni hen . Hut tlu! occurrence 
 of some camps where many interestin<f relics liave 
 lieen found may l)e mentioned in pasaini,'. 'I'hese 
 aie on lot 7<), conce.sHicjn 1, Tiny, the farm formerly 
 occupied by the Bell family. A finely carved i)ipe, 
 having' a repicsentation of what was probably 
 intended foi' a bear, wa.< amone" the relics found. 
 
 20. South-easterly from the mouth of Hoe^- River, and standinjj' out 
 l)y itself, is a tract of hijjfh i^round on wduch some villaj^'e sites are met 
 with. undoubtedl\- Huron in their oiwin. One of these is on the west 
 half of lot 11. concession 7, occupied by Joseph iJi-lfry. On thi.s farm, 
 and near the site now under consideration, thei'c is a piece of land wliere 
 111' lai'y;e trees hatl yrown in the forest that formerly covered the phict; 
 — in fact, just such a bare patch as we found at No. rS. Some persons 
 supposed tliat this also was an " Indian clearinti'." but in reality it was 
 merelv a ''ravellv natdi. where the .soil was unfavorabh- to tlie growth 
 of larye trees. The a.sh beds hei'e occupy a kind of shelf of land that 
 slopes towards the nortli, .and they e.\tend westward across the .seventh 
 c<»nctssion line, a short way into the farm of Sherman Helfry, east 
 half of lot II, concession (J. On both farms tlie occupants lia\e found 
 ii'on tomahawks. t(jliacco pipes, and the usual frai>'ments of earthen 
 pots W'hei'e the C(jnce.ssion line crosses the site I obserxcd many of 
 these trajfuients in ashbeds, besides other e\idences of Huron occupation. 
 As higher o'lound lies along the south of the camps, and as their form 
 is not com])act lait strintjjdike. it is pretty evident that no palisading 
 evei- existed here. It mav thei'cfore be conclu<led that, althouo'li the 
 village was inlial)ite<l (bn-ing the time of Kreiich ti-a(h'rs (as the toma- 
 liawks show), it was not occu|iietl at the latest jiarl of that period. 
 
 21. < >ii the next farms .s(juthward, but se])ai'ated from the last site 
 by the slightly lugher gi'ound just mentioned, llie remains of an im- 
 jioi'tant \ illage liave been found. It is situated on the noi1h-east 
 (juaitei- of lot 10. concession (Kdwai'd Crooks, owner), but also coxcrs 
 a portion of the scaith-i^ast ipiarler of the same lot (Wil.son Crooks, 
 owner). Its position is on a high tenace with low ground along the 
 .soutli. The remnins have been found chietlv at the fronts of the.se 
 
29 
 
 two farms, ncjir tlic (IwcllinM-lHiiisi's ami t'anii lniil(liii«;s. Here tliry 
 lifivc found (|naMtitirs of iron tonialifiwks, tuliiiocn pipes, jidttt-ry fru;;- 
 iiieiits, otc. : ami coriiliills in ahuiidiiiiff! wrrc to lie seen hrfoiT tlie 
 jfrouiid luid been cidtivatcd loiiu; cikmimIi to (•Illiterate tlieiii. Tlipsc 
 w<.'re especially xisihle when the fiist settler of this lot (William Hill) 
 lived here. Diiriiiu; his time the ashheds were (|\iite distinct. 'I'liis 
 site extends across the jxdilic road into the front ])ai't of the faiiii of 
 Matthew (J'aini)hell (west half of loi 10, (•(tncession 7). where tiny luive 
 found the .same kinds of relics : hut the late ( ieoi'yc Mills, the (^ri'^inal 
 settler on this lot, fiamd much more ilwin luis the present ocenpant. 
 Althonji'li this site coxered considenihle ground, it is louhtful wh(>ther 
 any ])alisadiii<i; ever e,\isle(| at it, not havino' lieeii compact and lyin;:' 
 adjacent to hij^her <j;round. Its position a<frees closely with that of 
 the mission of St. Louis as mai'ked on ])uci'eus;"s map, whicli lays them 
 down as they wei'e aliout the yeai' l()4(>, almost all lia\ inii' been shifted 
 iiel'ore th. e.Ntermination in l(t4!>, 
 
 22. Traces of a villaj^e have heen foiMid on the cast half of lot 7. 
 cfaice.ssion 7. .lames Hanulton, '^'■., was the tii-st settler upon this fai-ni, 
 about eiii;hteen years aeo, and wlieii clearing the land he found ash- 
 bcds, ii'on tomahawks ai'd other iclics. 
 
 2S. Another exists )n the east half ol' lot ."). concession 7, William 
 Ho])kins, the present ccnant, ami William Haues, a former occupant, 
 liave lioth found the usual pottei-y and pijie fragments, iron tonia- 
 liawks, Hint spear-head. etc. 'I'lic site is neai' a small ra\ine that 
 drains northea.stwartl 'o the Stur^icon Kivei'. 
 
 24. A cro.s.s the concession line, on the west halfof lot .', concession 
 S. Arthur Loney, the owner, finds a few i-emains ; but this site is not 
 lar^e in comparison u ith .some others in the neiu-hlioihood. 
 
 2o, Farther south on the ,saine line, a site <»f considerable si/.e occurs 
 at the adjacent corners of lots 3 and 4, w here four farms m-et. When 
 Robert Warden, the owner of the west half of lot 8, coneession H, dnrr 
 the cellar for his dwellinr: liousc here, they found ashbeds of a .surpiis- 
 ins,' depth. Ninnei'ous relics were also found, including;- heads (native 
 and European), iron knixes and iron tomahawks, the latter in consid- 
 erable numbei-s. Across the road in concession 7, near the bomiilary 
 Itetween the farms of John Morri.son (lot '■). t'a.st half) and Ilobert 
 liochart (lot 4. east hall') weie some refu.se mounds. And in the 
 adioiniiu'- corner of Patrick ( "anavan's land (.southwest ipiarter of lot 
 4, c(mce,ssion -S) a. few relics have been picked u]t. It is estnuated that 
 the camps here covered about fifteen acres altogether, situated, as in so 
 nianv other instances, upon an old lake tenace. 
 
HO 
 
 ■2(!. Atintlicr \ illiinr ()ccll|-S ( iH tln' Illlld uf AihIiTW lintWIl, WfSt li.-ilt' 
 
 of l(»l 4, CKiicfssidii 7. A ><]iri!i^ isNiirs iimr tliis site ninl ilniiiis to (lie 
 Stiirnfoii Kivfi'. Tlu' ii('( up.'iiits lia\c foiiinl stniic jixcs or ' skiiiiiiii;: 
 stiiiics " iiinl iiilicr relics. lifii'Lic iimiilii'i-s i>\' Ki'ciicli ii'dii toiiuiliiiwks 
 lia\i' lit'cii loiiml, i's|)('ci;illy iliiriii;;' tlic t iiiir nf tlir tii'st settler, .Injni 
 Mii.hI, It is rel.'ited lidw the roof of liis sliaiity was tln' feceittaclc for 
 these relies, ami was soinet iiiies covei'i <1 with t hem. fifty or more lyiiie' 
 u|Miii it at onetime. Some seatteieil I'elics, similaf to these, have iieeii 
 roiind on the opposite farm across the concession line, 
 
 27. When the east half of lot .S, concession (!, was cleared alioiit 
 thirty yiars a;^n. ttio first settler npon it — Matthew ('ampliell — found 
 relics ( iiiehi4inu- iion tomaliawks) indicatine' the site of aiiotluM' \ illae;e. 
 A few Were aisofoniid on the farm of his lirother. tli" late .loim I'.imp- 
 liell, aciDs.- the road, lait not in sutlicieiit nnndters to indicate any site. 
 William AHiert l'am))liell. a son of tlie first settler, now occupies lot ■"} 
 in ijiiestion. There is lower f^froniid on the rear of the turn' where 
 water conlil he had. the drainaLrc llovvin"' toward Iloifi' river. 
 
 2.S. Kollowin^ the .sami' c()ncession line southward, one finds the site 
 of atiother villaet. on the next farm, i-ast half of lot 2, coiicessioji (i. 
 The owner. Ilectoi- Midieod. found the camps named in the soutliwcst 
 part of his farm, and they were strewn with various relics, such as 
 pottei'y fragments, jiipes, iron tomahawks, etc. Thomas, his son found 
 a lar;^v European iiead which Ik; sent to the museum. It is a lai-ge 
 coarse glass head, with hues of red. white and hlue in a sca]it>|i 
 pattern. The water drainage at tlu' place runs southward and then 
 around to llugu' I'iver. i)assin<f westward ul)Out lot 22 in Medotite. 
 The site is not large in comparison with others. 
 
 211. < Ml the we.st half of lot i. concession 7 (-Fohn A. Swan, owner), 
 is anothei-. Traces of it wei'c formerly fjuite distinct on the liigh 
 ground l)ehind the farm Imildings, and many relics of tlie usual kinds 
 were found at \arious times — stone axfs, iron tomahawks, tobacco 
 pipes (Itoth clay and stoiK,-) ami pottery fragments. Mr. Swan settled 
 here in IS70, ami in the eailiest years of liis term of occupation corn- 
 hills wei'e (listinctly visil)le west of the camp-i, but the.se hills have been 
 oliliterated by frequent ploughing. In coinieetion with this site it 
 shoidd lie nientionetl that a large bonepit was discovered in the year 
 1N()I» on adjoining land aci'ossthe townline, in tlie townshi])of Me(h)nte. 
 It is not yet e\i(lent whether this bonepit was connected with this site 
 oi' with another fai'ther south, but it is not too far from this one to 
 have belonged to it. being only about seventy rods distant from the 
 townline in front of Mi'. Swan's residence. 
 
;i(). TlitTt' is )i silr on the faiiii of .liiim-s RusstH, east hnlf ol* lot 4, 
 coiicfHsioii .'), anil sonic rt-lics ol' the u»iial kinds liavc Iwcn rmnni at it, 
 l>ut it ai)|i('ai's to lia\i' hcin small in ('(aii])aris(ai u itli ot Imts. Tlicrc 
 was a |)atfli ol' coi-nliills niar liy, aixl jn-ohaMy nso<| liy the inlialiitants 
 (tf this sit<', <tn the t'aiin of Wni. Rnssfll, wtst halt" of lot .'i, concfssion 
 tl, though tlirsL' coniliills have ln-en chiftly ohlitfrattil hy cultivation. 
 
 .SI. 'I'lir ii'niains of a Huron villa;;c, the inhahitutits of which 
 a|)|it'ai' to li.'ivc used tlir .sauic position for .scNcral years, have Ihh'U 
 found u|i()n the west half of lot ;{, eonctcssion o. The tir'^t s.'ttlcr on 
 this farm, Uolicrt Wclih, came in IH(i.'). and remained on it until ahoul 
 tWflvi' years >yj:o. As he was a close oli.ser\er. hesides lia\in<if iTsided 
 here so lone-, oui' information in re^^ard to (he site is fuller than in 
 many other cases. A noteworthy leatui'e was the Hndine- of ;i rdrftr or 
 hidin;i'-|)it tilled with eorn. 'J'lie iriains wei'c as lilack as charcoal, and 
 the inference was that they had Keen charreil or roasted. Hut their 
 l)la(k color dcaihtless arose mei'ely frou) their threat a^^e, "250 years or 
 niori' heinj^- sutlicieiit to carlmni/.e any kind of seed. The discovery of 
 the ■•orn is couHnnecl hy Hector M(d.eod. who nliserved it while plou^di- 
 in<4. The amount was estimated at more than two liushels. In tin* 
 field siaith of the site many coi'nhills wei'e \ isihie when they cleai'ed 
 the land. Ueside the \illa,ee a human skeleton was found l)Uried. 
 Anion^ the I'elies found were tohaeco pi|ies of \ arioiis kinds, some 
 with hunuin faces, stone a\es, ii-on tomahawdss and knives, pieces of 
 hrass kettles in ^reat inuiilieis. Since Mr. W'ehh i-etii-ed from the 
 faiiii \arious pei.sons lia\e live(l upon it either as ovvnei's oi tenants. 
 Amone' these were Matthew Vasey and Win. Widdes ; the pi'esent owner 
 is ( ieori^e .Fnnes, During' their respective terms of occupancy sona; 
 relics were als(( found. John Ashley Bailie, who tauiiht at llusseH's 
 schoolhouse in the neie'ldxiiliood, freijuently searcheil here for relics. 
 I [e writes of the workmanship of the specimens as follows: "The 
 pottery fia^nients wei-e iieai'ly all nicely cai'vcd ; the carviufr, of course, 
 heint; of a somewhat I'ude type. The ])ipes showed a ^jreat deal of 
 skill u])iin the part of the makers ; theii- howls wei-e wnaie-ht in a 
 variety of forms. In some instances they took the form of the head 
 of some anin<al or l>ird, One pipe stem, Jnd<,nne' from its appearance, 
 must have lieen formed l)y drilling a hole ri^ht throiiuh an ordinary 
 stone. A pipe l»>wl, formed out of a connnon stone, al'out t\M> inches 
 and a half in diameter, had on either side of (he howl a head of ^ome 
 animal.' Mi. Bailie picked u]) many little pieces of sheet metal, pro- 
 l)al)lv from brass kettles. He says these wei'e to lu- found in all pails 
 of the held. It Would apfjeai' tliat when the kettU's ohtaineil from 
 the French traders heeanie useless from havin^i^ holes in them, the 
 
:{2 
 
 lliirDiis cut iIm-iii u|) liy sonn' nn'iuis into ciiips ami iist'il tlic ]iii'(')-.> us 
 aiTosvlu'iuls, kiiivfs, rlc. Atsoim; ntlicr villii;^!! siti'sol' tin- liittTperiit'l 
 mI' French occupiitinn, I lie ^louiul is ahn strewn with those nictiil chips. 
 Iti orilcr to uxaniiiii' its jMtsition, I visitctl tliis site on .Inly oth, 1H!M>, 
 iiml nwidi' II ili.'iiri'aMi nl' it. The usnul IVa^inents of jiDtteiy iiikI chini 
 shells wei'e lo lie seen. The iisliheds were most nunieidus iit the hea<l 
 ol' a small ravine, the al)ru|)t <iescent to which is ahout .'{0 t'eel ; ami 
 here the iiihahitants Tonml tlieii' suj)piy ol" IVesli water in Nprin^s 
 I'assin;;' Irian this ra\ ine, the ;;r.)un<l rises ;jently thr(»iit,'h the liel.j, 
 which contains aliont \'2 acres hnt is not nil coscred with ashheiU. 
 There is nothing;' in its sitnation to lead one to helieve this villa'^e had 
 hei-n ])alisadeil. Whi-n the llnrons hnilt a \illa;^e for delVnce, it was 
 usual to sf'lect a ))lace where Nature assisted. Hut here, Nature fur- 
 nishes no aid, rather the opposite. So it is not prohahle that palisades 
 will he fonnfl A trail has always existed here, leadin;; past sitr 
 
 No. :{(). 
 
 '.\'l. On the east half of jot 1. ccaice.ssion ."), there is a site where thr 
 usual relics — pottci-y fra^jnients. |»ipes, iron tomahawks, stone axes. 
 <tc. — have JM-en hanitl. liohert Hall, the ownei', has liveil here since 
 IS?:?, and he lias iid'oi-med me that hefore the land was culti\ated he 
 coidil see the cornhills that were used bv the Huron inhabitants of the 
 villaiJf. 
 
 .S8. A sm;dl '^te oceuis lai the east halt' of lot '2,et)ncession '■'>. This 
 farm was formerly owiumI and cleared by John Tinney, who found, 
 previous to l<S70, various itdics inchulint;- ii'on tomahawks. Amoni; 
 suKseCjuent owners was .Michael Hu.ssell. and th(* presi'ut occujiant is 
 Hiram Jennett. 
 
 '.'A. Vai'ious remains, found beside tlu; .shore at a spot just west ol" 
 Wanbaushene, indicate the position of what was a favorite resoitof the 
 aboriijines in considei'able nundiei's. It appears to be situate<l upon 
 lot 11, concession lO. An area of about ten acres is the extent of 
 ground ovei- which remains have Ijeen found. The patch of second 
 growth trees here was believcid to show where there had once been an 
 Indian clearance, but, as in many other cases, it may l»e more correctly 
 exi»lained by the presence of gravelly soil. It was formerly a favorite 
 resoit for relic seekers, some of whom dug into Indian graves, of which 
 some exist here. The graves, thus molested, were not communal but 
 single burials. Some iron tomahawks and gun barrels have been 
 found, the latter temling to show that the site was occu)iie<l in the 
 eighteenth century by Algonquins. IJut whether it was a landing 
 ])lace of the Hurons in earlier times is not yet evident. 
 
'Mi 
 
 but 
 
 '■i'}. I''iirlliri- \\r--t III Tainii'i's Mill, (a\su kiiciwii us 'r,iiiiitr\ illc i 
 iiiojv iil)nri;;iiial miiiiius liavf licin rmiiiil. Ii w.isai iIh sli,,rc Iiiit 
 tlmt till" fi'iiil to ihr iiitcrinr Ii.mI ils iini'lliiTlyciid. Aim! in tin' ila\ « 
 nf early scttli'iiii'iil (in |s:{(), ui >nn\i al'ici) this trail was wiilfncil into 
 ;i (}ii\t'ninn'nl roail iVum ('nMw ati-r anil a liluclsjinusc I'l'ictnl Ik !•( 
 'I'lii' plarr was a ilr|)()t nn tlir way to tln^ early mini's ol' tlif ii|i|Mr 
 hikes. It/ liiiil (|mc|<s. anil I Im' rally stcann is nj' ( icoi'^ian \'>i\\ niailc it 
 a {Ma-I Tor calls, l hr dilicr |Mii't hcini; PfnrtanL;iiis|i( nv Alt«iM,.tlirr ihr 
 port iiF Sliir;i'L'(»n Hay — I lir irriniinis of tia' ( iM\ criinuiit |i>ii'lai;i.-- in llir 
 <la\'s Itcforo rail\va\-s was a stiiiin;: placr lint its "|.)r\ has luiiii^incr 
 <l('|»artr(|. Many lr;^'t'nils cliMi; aruiiml tli.' ul-l |)la<-i' ami ^tiirir> ul' 
 liurir.l trrasiircs. lint lli. unly articles e\er r>iiiiiil here, so far as can 
 lie learned with certaint\, wei-c a tVw Inili.Hi In ads and t'ra^inent^ > it 
 human Imnes, hc'^ides some other kind-- o|' Indian relies. 'I'hese were 
 I'oiiiid on the liii,h j^'nanid jnst liaek IV •in the vlmn. This |ilace was 
 always a lVe(|U('nt resort of AI;^'oiii|iiiiis ; iaii its origin was doiilil les> 
 earlier, in Huron times, when the trail to tli • interior was in constant n>e. 
 I )iicreu\'s ma)) places till' mission of St. .i.'.ni (not St. .lean iJaptiste) 
 <o the rie'ht of the outlet ol' Sliir^eon Kiver, and a short \\ay iu'and. 
 It will he SL'eii liy rei'erriiiL;' to oiir map that then' is a tract of hiuh 
 ;^rotni(l liciv, an island diiriii;,' the time ol" the (ireat Ni}iis.->inL; 
 Lakt', and this tract is se])arated from the hijfh i^ronn I of the interior 
 liy low swamjiy eroiind throu;ih which a stream tlows toward Stui'Ljeon 
 River. St. .lean was a mission to the Ataronehronons, wliilc the iui'>- 
 .sioii next south of it (accoriline- to the |)iiereii.\ map), \ iz.. St. .loachim, 
 wjus atuonj^ the .Vreiidaronons. A physical demarcation of some kind, 
 lietwecti St. .Jean and St. .loachim, is thus siii,':;! >te(l, hecau'^e the Huron 
 " nations " wure \is\ially divided from each other 1 y physical lionnd- 
 aries. It is possihle. therei'ure, that St. -lean Iteloiieed to tlie isolated 
 tract of hitjh (ground now under (•onsi<leratioii, and was a site near 
 'raiilierville, if not the on.' itself at the [dace. 
 
 oG. Ue\'. Father ('ha/.clle, whose iii\ cstieations in the Kuron 
 country in KS42 we have already mentioned, made a search lai the 
 east side of the Stur^'con Rivor for the site of St. ly-nace where 
 BrelMMif and Lalleniant were put todeath. It is evident that, in doiiie 
 this, lu' was following' hnereux's map, which ,L;i\(s the {losition of the 
 eai'lioi" and first St. lyiiace, and that he had not liecome aware of the 
 fact that a .second St. jeiiace hail existed. Ilr ilirected tin- French 
 Canadians with him to run the canoe up Stur;;-eon Ki\er a mile and a 
 half from the outlet. Near where they landed they iouinl. in the 
 woo<ls, a village site, and at it some relics, such as conch-shells. Here 
 were " bla/es " or marks upon trees, made ly liiilians of cianparativ civ 
 
 8 
 
34 
 
 • •ri-nt tiiiH.'h. liut wliicli lent nii Hiitit|iiiiriiiii sfttiii;;- tn f he pliM-r. 'I'lii-y 
 tiiiiinl also, ill ;^rit\i's. tin- luiiios (tf two ]ii rsons, wliicli triMlition Ims 
 i'rii»iit'uii«.|\ n'j,'iirili'<l as tlmsr ul" llrclKMit" niid Liillt'iiiniit, t"tir;,'ttriil ol 
 •till' ruci tliiit tlifir liuiifx w'cic t'oiinil liv tlir s('ar('|iiiii>' partv tVom Stf. 
 Alarir in 1(14!*. aiitl lal;i n tn (,>iiflM'c. 
 
 'M. I'assiiii;' lu till' liiyli j^'nnmW rast n\' (lif Stiir;;»'iiii llivci, <iiir 
 riiiil> till must imiilii riy sitf III' the ^ruup on (hi' laii<l nf Kraiik .Inscpli, 
 tlif West liall'iil' lot (i. iMaicfssioii 10. Wrv*', on u patcli of ^^louiid, 
 <Milti\ atnl milv iluriim' tlir hast two seasons, (lie\- Iiiim' found stoni' 
 axt's, all iron toiiiiiliawk, a toliacco )ii|ir and simie iVnunifiits of dciT 
 
 I K UK'S, 
 
 •Sn. Sonic aslilit'ds of lliu'oii ciiniiis arc met with on the farm of 
 AlcN. llcM';^, ilie west liiilf of lot .'), cont'c^Hion 10. Thcy have found 
 pottery shreds, ]ii|M's, stone axes and niuultcis of iron tomaliaMks, 
 Suiithwest of this site, wliifh is not hn'j;e, there is a small hucklelierry 
 marsh ; it is on the opposite side of the roiid, on lot 4, hut icjar tlu' 
 
 site. 
 
 :}'.». A site of niodeiate dimensions occurs on the n.>i'thwcst <(uai'ter 
 of lot +, concession 10, — the farm of .lames Stewart. < >n a patch of 
 liieh efrotuid, toward tln' ceiitie of the farm, they have! lonnd pottcrj' 
 fraeiiients. iron knives, iron t(amihawks, etc. Similar i'elicsliave heen 
 f.aiiid on the adjoining'' tifty-acre farm, or southwest <|uart«'r of tlic 
 same lot 4. which is cultivated hy Mr. Heejf : and also a few on the 
 '•ast half, owned and occujiied hy llohert ( '. Stewart. 
 
 40. Across the road, oil the east half of lot 4, coik 'on !), James 
 I'adeii, the owner, has fiamd iron lonmhawks. itotterx' frai-nients, elc, 
 in ashhetls and patcla-s Mackeiied hy Huron camp-tireH. These occur 
 oil the hiiihest L;rouiid a larye knoll at the rear of his farm. 
 
 41. A similai' small site occurs on tin.' east half of lot 'i. concession 
 !►. In the extreme southeast c<Hner, the usual relics have been fmnid ; 
 and a part of this site extends into tlie adjoininjj; land of Joseph 
 <jreatrix, where he has fouml the kinds of relics mentioned under the 
 last site, besides stone axes. On its north side this village was near 
 anotln-r huckleherry maish. 
 
 42. Another site, distinct fi'om the one last mentioned, is on (he 
 larm of Joseph (jieatrix. the east half of lot 2, concession it. Mr. 
 <ireatri\ has li\t'd on this farm for 25 vears, and has fi-ciiuentlv fotind, 
 at tlie rear of it, the usual remains (jf can)ps and the same kinds of 
 relics as occur at the other villa«,'es of this group. 
 
86 
 
 It will lie oltsci'vtMl tliiit till* six |it'('cei|iii^ sitfs nil till) KuHiMiiKUiil 
 Ui'l^u arc sninll. llii'i>- liuiii;; ])i'iiliiili|y not iiidk- tlinii ti i|o/,fii ciiiii))M at 
 any of tliciii ; mih! tln'i-)' hit no hoiicpits aNsocialiil with tin in. ISiit 
 on t his saiiif ))i}^Mi iiil;;f. in Mnloiiti' to\viishi|), nhoiit n iiiili .suiilh of 
 till' 'I'liy lowiiliiH', soni*' li(»iii|iits huNc hcni t'oiiml at larger vill)i<,'»'s. 
 It i-> liiit naliirnl to sup|iiiMt' that, as rcy^ardM Keasts ol' the hiwid ami 
 the foriiiatioii of lioiicpitH aiiiony till- Hock Nation or .\i(inluronoMs, 
 iIh" siiiiill oiitlyiti;/ \illa;jrs of llii^ ;,q'ou)> wonlil l»f trihnlary or 
 siit'onlinntc to tin- liii-;^ti \illMLj<'> situated faillii'r south iii Mt'dont*'. 
 Tin- iiiisHioii of St .liiarhiiii \v;is pci'lmps in tiii.s yroup of sinnlhr 
 \ illiiiji's. 
 
 !•:>. At M litllf ilistiiiK'f from the shon; of MiitcluMlnsh |»iiy, near 
 Kcsscrton, many iflics of tin- aliori;^iiit's have Imm-ii found, 'riicsi- were 
 most fn'i|Ui'ntly met with upon risiii;^' ;^roiiiid on tin' farm of (it'or}j;(' 
 Hush. I<tt ;", (•(iiicrssioii 12, find (ilso on lot 4. \ illanfs siiuatfd likf 
 this, near the .shoi't's of thr Ini-jL^t' lakfs, mostly yit'ld relics whicli hiivc 
 niidoul>tt'dly l)i'|(»iii;cd to Alyoni|uiiis of h pci'iod snli«^ri|U('ni to tlic 
 Unions. l)Ut in the prcsi-nt instanct', if tlic rcmnins wrn- tliosc of 
 Al;ii)ni|uins, I hey must luivf lidon^cd to an early period — heloi-e the 
 tijidcrs had supplied ihiui with kettles for cookiiiLi,' purposes- a.s 
 is amply te,stiHe(| l»y tlie t'r!i;^iuents of primitive pots made from l)aked 
 clay, so Commonly found at Huron sites, and also found here. At the 
 projection of hind known !is linsh's Point, .some refuse mounds were 
 formerly to lie seen. 
 
 +4. t )n tlie o])])osite shore of Matchedash IJ.iy, tit I'mikin's l'oinl,on 
 lot ti, concession |:{, similar remains have heeii found. Hei-e, iiy the 
 ^hore, were also found a few uraves (single burials) in which the skeK-- 
 loiis had been liiiried in a erouchin<; position. ( hie of the skeletons 
 was decked with n larec medal, ^^lass heads, and other trinkets done 
 uji in cedar hark, .ind e\ idently helont^eil to a more recent period than 
 rhe Huroiis. The same skeleton liaij unusually laiifc proportions, and 
 the ha(d< of the skull was found fr.icluivil, whetlier from accident or 
 ollierwise. 
 
 +.T. In a list of the ant iipiit ii's of Tay, one should not omil to men- 
 tion the remains called " The ( 'himiieys," situated on lot .'), conees.sioii 
 ]:], opposite Fesserton, of lather l>ush's Point, on the east side of 
 Matclu'dash Hay. das. .Vhhott is the present occupant of the furm. 
 The remains are located u|ion what is known as "(,'hiiiiney Point," 
 where an area of about 40 acres had been orii;finally cleare<l. They 
 constitute all that is now left of the buildiiiijs occupied from 1778 till 
 179'? and later by Cowan, a ftn' trader. The wriler's ])urpose in re- 
 
t'erriiii; to (liriii in tins |il;iet' is hrcaiisc thry were I'urnn riy nl'icii 
 spoken i<\' as the i'nin> ol' a sirncturc brlontfini;' to llir caily Fi'i'iicli 
 |)('ri()(1. I''\cn yet, tlit-y arc sonictinirs n-tcn'tMl tn as micIi. ami it is 
 (k'siral)lo to .i^ivc a few woi-ds of caution against this cnor. ( iovcrnor 
 ISinicoc was the ^iicst of Cowan at this ))lace in ITil.'l (Src Maciloiicirs 
 l^iary in 'I'ransactinns of (he < anaij. Institute. Konrth Series, \'ol. I), 
 (hi a recent occasion when the vvritef sisited this place, tlie I'ouihIh- 
 tion of the main Imiliiinn' couhl lie ili-^tiiictly seen, (huih of stone and 
 
 lUMC 
 
 md there were tlin'c chunines ei()U|)e(l ai'onml this tradni;^' hou.se 
 — one apparently at either end of tiie laiiidine\ and another at soiiu' 
 little distance away, representing pinhaldy the 'lakehouse. There 
 ere other Imilditii^s near at hand, nf which the foundations could 
 be traced when .\Ir. Ahlmit first went th 
 
 w 
 
 ere 
 
 4C', On r.lutf I'oint. neai' INirl Se\ ci 
 
 n, .some iPotter\' fraii'meiits, 
 
 pipo 
 
 etc., ha\e lieen oh.sei-ved. No other I'elics liaxc been found tliat 
 
 would indittate the exact jieriod to which this site bohjiie-od. wdiicb 
 was doubtless (piite early as the coarse fraLiiiienls nf bakeil clay 
 vessels go to prf)ve. 
 
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