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ANHQUITY AND SUPREMACY

— TREATBD OF IN RBFERENOE TO

ARCHBISHOP LYNCH'S LECTURES,

(Published in the Toronto Globe)

Znaorilied to tbe Uembers of L.O.L. ITo. 166,
BY G. EVANS, M. A.

(Son. Chaplain).

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©abilU :

FEINTED AT THE EXPRESS CHEAP BOOK AND JOB OPPIOE.

1876.

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The religious aspect of the times, and the unchecked
advance of Kitualism, evincing a tendency to Popery,
rendering it important that loyal Christians should fuU
ly comprehend the nature of those debasing and anti-
christian principles, against which their forefathers pro-
te8ted,-the following brief essay, is intended to show
how far the Roman Catholic Church has seceded from the
faith of the the apostoUc age, especiaUy with relation to
that system of demonolatry, which St. Paul prophetically
defines as the characteristic of the « latter times " apos-
tasy — 1. Tim. i. 4.

PAPAL

ANTIQUITY AND SUPREMACY.

■■•-^^-^

"A THOUSAND TIMES," as Archbishop Lynch truly af-
firmshasitbeenasserted that the Church of Rometakes her
doctrinal origin from the first century of the Christian
era, and a thousand times has that assertion been refuted,
by men as eminent for their knowledge of history as
they were learned in the doctrine and theology of the
primitive church. Again, a ^^ thousand times" has it been
asserted that the Roman Pontiff claims a supremacy over
the whole commonwealth of Christendom, by right of a
delegated authority to the apostle St. Peter, as Vicar
of Christ, and through Peter by right of succession, to the
Popes of Rome ; and a thousand times has that claim
been disputed and disproved, as utterly groundless and
untenable.

It would be a work of great supererogation now to
enterinto a recapitulation of the "thousand times" repeat-
ed arguments, which have gone to prove the futility of
those assertions ; assertions, which in the face of histori-
cal records and known teaching of the primitive Church,
Roman Catholics put forth and industriously circulate in
their lectures, and through the medium of the public
prints. L Now a church whose ecclesiastical constitu-
tion was not fully established until the pontificate of
Pius the Fourth, 1564, can have but slender grounds to

compete with a Church planted under the presidency and
supervision of the twelve apostles, who on the day of
Pentecost received gifts commensurate with the ^at
work they were commissioned to perform, that of giving
to the world (in full) all the essentia elements of the
Christian religion, unincumbered by extraneous and vain
traditions.

The creed of Pius the Fourth is now the acknowledged
summary of the doctrines which form the ecclesiastical
polity of the Papal Church, but if we look a few centuries
backward, we find the introduction of lites and ceremonies
utterly unknown to the Primitive Church, unless as
eventualities predicted of the " latter times," and
prophetically communicated by St. Paul to Timethy, in
the following remarkable words : —

" Now the Spirit speaketh expressly that in the latter
times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to
seducing spirits and doctrine of demons ; speaking lies in
hypocracy ; forbidding to marry and commanding to
abstain from meats."

This prophetical language may require some explana*
tion. About the time of Julian the Apostate, many
superstitious tales were spread abroad of great wonders
shown to those who approached the shrines of the martyrs
and prayed at their sepulchres; through such delu-
sions and lying wonders began the deifying of departed
saints ; invocating them as mediators and adoring their
relics. These newly introduced rites continued to obtain
credence, thus changing the whole contexture of the
primitive Church, and subverting the very basis of the
<TOspel religion. The innovations thus introduced had a
more general acceptance at a later period, and are thus
graphically described by the pen of the historian : —

" Tho ChristianB of the seventh century had insensibly
relapsed into a semblance of paganism ; their public and
private vows were addressed to the relics and images
that disgraced the temples of the east ; the throne of the
Almighty was darkened by a crowd of martyrs and
saints ; the Virgin Mary was invested with the name ami
honours of a goddess ; the saints and martyrs whose
intercession was implored were seated at the right hand
of God; the devout Chiistian prayed before the image of
a sainty and the pagan rites of genuflexion, luminaries
and insense stole into the Catholic Church." — Gib. DecL
and Fatly Book 9. . #

This historical portraiture of the Church of the
seventh century is easily identified witli the Church of
the sixteenth century, as settled by the creed of Pope
Pius the Fourth, (1564). The seventh article of that
creed enjoins the worship of canonized saints and martyrs
as it is thus expressed : —

"Likewise the ^taints reigning together with Christ
are to be honoured und invocated, and that they offer up
prayers for us, and their relics are to be had in vene
ration."

Here, then, if we turn to the primitive apcstolic times,
we in vain look for any record of the intervention of
canonized saints and martyrs, as mediators and intercess-
ors with God for us. The Church was then founded on
the true faith of one God and one Mediator, " and other
foundation can no man lay."

The Church of Rome, therefore, in acknowledging
the creed of Pius the Fourth, as the basis of her religion,
has manifestly departed from the faith of the apostolic
age, and in her present constitution has no proper doctrinal
or ecclesiastical antiquity. Let us now turn to the second
thousand times repeated assertion —

The Supremacy of the Pope.

2. Archbishop Lynch and all Romanists are very ex-
press in claiming for the Koman Pontiff the extraordinary
prerogative of being the sole and infallible successor of
the Apostle Peter, whereby he (the Pope) holds supreme
jurisdiction over all Christendom. This doctrine of
papal supremacy is affirmed in the tenth Art. of the creed
of Pius the Fourth, thus : —

'< I ackno\r ledge the holy Catholic Roman Church for
the mother and mistress of all Churches, and I promise
true, obedience to the Bishop of Rome successor to Peter
Prince of the Apostles and Vicar of Jesus Christ." — 10
Art creed Pius iv.

The obedience demanded by this canon extended to
matters civil and religious, and history reveals a dismal
catalogue of inhuman cruelties and persecutions which
followed the enforcement of so imwarrantable an
enactment.

Archbishop Lynch in his lecture of January 11th,
complains that the supremacy so established, was swept
away at tlie reformation, yet it is still upheld as an
inherent right of the Papal Church, furthermore by a
decree of the Council of Trent, all the articles of the
creed of Pius the Fourth, are made binding on pain of
lorfeiting salvation.

In referring to a tabular view of the encroachments
and rise of Popery, it appears that the Roman Catholic
religion was not established under an authorized Popedom
imtil the beginning of the seventh century, when it
rightly acquired the characteristic of the Pontificale or
Papal Church in contradistinction to the Apostolic or
Gospel Church. In the intermediate periods between the
seventh and sixteenth centuries, many new doctrines were

X-

«ldded, and the Papacy continued to extend its influence
bj intolerance and persecution. The Popes and their
legates assumed a high and imperial authority, and
supremacy over all christian states, until checked by the
glorious rcTolution, and timely advent in England of
William Prince of Orange of pious and immortal memory ;
but the supremacy of the Papal Church, was father
usurped, until it received the sanction and impress of the
canon law of the tenth Art. of the ci^eed of Pope Pius,
fiilready referred to. Thus, therefore, the supremacy of
the Pope, &lsely asserted to emanate from St. Peter, is
one of the most remarkable innovations of the Church of
Rome, and, considered in the light of Gospel truth, is
utterly discordant with the genius and spirit of Christ's
religion. Little, therefore, need be said in refutation of
this claim of Papal supremacy. like the former, it has
been a thousand times refuted ; a thousand times has it
been shewn that our Lord did not confer any superiority
on Peter, giving him a presidency over the other apos^
ties. It is likewise clear that no position of supremacy
was accorded to Peter, or claimed by him, at the first
Council held at Jerusalem, for the CoimcU was not
opened by him^ nor was the decision of the Council pro-
nounced by him, but by James, as president." i fvru « ^t r
Archbishop Lynch is therefore driven to the neces-
sity of resting his cause on the solitary though memor-
able words — ** Thou art Peter, and on this rock I will
build my Church." — Old and hackneyed as the
argument founded upon these words may be. Dr.
Lynch did not &il to avail himself of it in one of
his recent lectures, reported in the Toronto Globe. —
Speaking of what he calls the old doctrina, which wer«
swept away at the Reformation, he says — ** In the first

,i:;.'v<;

place, was swept away, the supremacy of the Pope — that
is that the Pope is the successor of Peter and head of the
Church — ^it was nothing new. Christ had said — * Thou
art Peter, and on this rock I will build my Church.' "

' The Roman Fathers commonly used the Latin Vul-
gate, in which version Dr. Lynch may be more profound-
ly read than in the Greek original, wherein, in another
of his lectures, he evinced some inaccuracy, but, as in all
disputed texts, reference is mostly had to the original
languages in which the words were either written or
spoken, I will appeal to his Grace's more perfect ac-
quaintance with the Latin tongue, and refer to the wordM
as copied from the Greek into the Latin Vulgate now
before me : —

"Tu esPetrus, <)t super banc petram, edificabo meam

eccleslam." * • .

Although the two clauses of this sentence are con-
nected by the preposition <' et," the sense and application
of each have no grammatical connection, and must there-
fore have reference to something before spoken, Math, xvi,
but the persistency and frequency with which the sentence
is paraded, with the object of asserting the supremacy of
Peter, would lead to the supposition that Roman Catholics
have great faith in their theory of reserve, that is the keep-
ing back the wh«le counsel of God, as' they do the open
Bible, and that, on the point in question, they have in
reserve, unknown to common grammarians, some extra-
ordinary freak of syntax, or lusus grammaticse whereby
the two nouns " Petrus " and " petram," though in dif-
ferent cases, may be put in apposition, which would be
as absurd as the interpretation sought to be affixed to the
words is ungrammatical ; for neither is the "edificabo
meam ecclesiam " predicated of " Petvus," in the second
person, but of " petram," in the third person ; and so

exactly has a learned Bishop understood and expressed
it, in his speech before the late (Ecumenical Council, at
Home, wherein he cites the authority of the most emin-
ent Fathers of antiquity, as opponents of the Roman in-
terpretation of the sentence, and conq|udes in these

WOrQS • - . ^ .J . J ■ , , , , , , ,, ; , ;, ,^, j-.„ ft -tj ■ I > / J. ^'jfif

" The holy Fathers, in the famous passage, " Thou
art Peter, and on this rock I will build my Church,"
never understood that that the Church was built on
Peter, super Petrum, but on the rock, super petram." —
Strossmeyer. '^'^

But I will now advert to something a thousand times
of higher interest than any dry grammatical argument,
in the light of which the supremacy of Peter and of all
Roman Pontiffs must be thrown into the veriest obscura-
tion. It is very remarkable that in perfect coincidence
with the words recorded by St. Matthew, — ** and on this
rock I will build my Church." The true God is in nu-
merous places in the Old Testament designated a Rock.
In Deuteronomy xxxii. He is four times referred to un-
der that epithet, e, g., '^ Jesurun forsook the Grod which
made him, and lightly esteemed the rock of his salva-
tion. Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful,
and hast forgotten the God that formed thee." This af-
firmation is made in so many instances, it would
take several pages to give the quotations. Passing, there-
fore over the numberless verses which speak to this im-
port, come we to St. Peter and St. Paul. The former
Apostle, who, as received i^ the Church of Rome, must
be a paramount authority with Archbishop Lynch, will,
I fear, if allowed to speak for himself, give small en-
couragement to his infallible successors' pretensions, nor
Mrill the language which he addressed to the Jewish con-

verts, add much stability to His Holiness in being, as
Peter's successor, the foundation stone upon which the
Church is built. What a monstrous egotist must Peter have
been, if, when addressing the Jews after the following
manner, he w%p merely speaking of himself, and sssert-
ing his own personal title to universal supremacy, and
extolling himself as the fundamental basis upon which all
their hopes were built.

It is worthy of remark that these two shining
lights of the Gospel Church, quote the same passage
from the prophet which speaks of Christ as a rock or
foundation stone. ^' Behold I lay in Zion for a foundation
stone, a tried stone, a precious comer stone, a sure foun-
dation. — Isaiah xxym, 16.

As St. Peter was addressing the believing as well as
the unbelieving Jews, he makes this enlargement on the
Prophe" 's words :— " Unto you, therefore, which believe,
He, (Christ) is precious, but unto them that disbelieve, the
stone which the builders refused, the same is made head
of the comer, and a stone of stumbling and rock of of-
ence, even to them that stumble at the Word," etc.

It may, perhaps, be said that the scriptural passages
here quoted are typical, and not pertinent to the ques-
tion at issue, so much the worse for the Koman Pontiffs'
assumed claim as successoi's to Peter, the supposed rock
on which the Church is built, since the corollaries de-
ducible from such typical language exclude Peter from
any part i?i this question, whether as type or antitype.

, St. Paul, in allusion to the rock at Bephidim, which
op b^ing smitten by the rod of Moses supplied the Israel-
ites with w^ter, expressly calls Christ the Hock, they
all drank of that spiritual Bock which followed them,
and that rock was Christ — ^not that Christ was ptr se the

Bock, but diat he was the antitype, or person pre-
figured or pointed to as the Bock or sure foundation of

the Christian Church.

■. ' .. . " > .. '. i... . i".. . . ... i«i

Thus, as the typical rock of Bephidim gave no
water until it was smitten by the rod of Moses, in like
manner Christ, the antitype was smitten on the cross,
that from his side might proceed that sovereign stream ot
blood and water which is effectual to the salvation of His
faithful people. Thus, again, as the typical rock, was
smitten by the rod of Moses, so was Christ smitten by
the rod of the law, the curses and penalties ot which, for
our transgressions were laid upon him : " For he was
wounded for our transgressions; He was bruised for our
iniquities." ' • ■ '^ \. •. . i / ?;'

Lastly, as a continued stream followed the Israelites
from the smitten typical rock, so Christ, being smitten on
the cross — a never-ceasing supply of living water is pour-
ed out on His Church, of which whosoever drinketh, it
it shall be in him a well of water springing up into eter-
nal lile," Here, then, the inspired scriptures in every
part combine their testimony in ascribing the whole
work of redemption to Christ alone — the author and fin-
isher of our isdthf the rock of our salvation, and the sure
foundation upon which the whole iabric of the visible
Church is built. Through His intercession alone, the
blessings and co-operation of the Triune Godhead are
through faith attainable, sanctification, justification, re-
mission of sin, grace and mercy. How widely, therefore,
does the Church of Borne depart from the faith, when
she vainly seeks to supplement so great salvation, by
calling to her aid the ritual of canonized saints, invo-
cating the intercession of creatures like ourselves, pray-

ng befoi-e their images, and adoring and venerating their
relics.

^^ *

These rites of invocating the mediation of departed
saints ajre a direct violation of scriptural precedent, which
atlmits but one God and one mediator.

The Church of Pius the Fourth (being the Church of
llome) which commands such an anti-christian system of
worahip, defined by the apostle — " doctrine of demons,
is not therefore built on the foundation of the prophets
and apostles, Jesud Christ himself being the Chief Cor-
ner Stone. Therefore, the Church of Rome is not apos-
tolic, neither can she be the "mother and mistress of all
the Churches," since that claim rests upon the assump-
tion that Peter was Bishop of Rome and Prince of all
the Apostles ; and this leads to the re-production of an
old problem, which may be styled the "pons asinorum " of
the Roman Church, viz. : the stubborn fact that Peter
never was Bishop of Rome. It is even doubted whether
he had ever been a resident of the eternal city of the
( /aesars. Bishop Strossmeyer did not scruple to submit
this proposition to the sense of the assembled prelates at
the great (Ecumenical Council. In his speech, from
which I have already given an extract, he says — " St.
Peter having been at Rome, my venerable brethren, rests
only on tradition, but if he had been Bishop of Rome,
how can you, from that Episcopate prove his supremacy V*
Scaliger, one of the most learned of men, has not hesitat-
ed to say that Peter's episcopate and residence at Rome
ought to be " classed with ridiculous legends." If, then,
Peter's episcopacy, residence at Rome and vicarship are
controverted facts, and that Peter never was Bishop of
Rome, how can the Roman Pontiffs be Peter's successors?

It is not easy to dislocate history and scripture, but no
records in either can be found on the side of Kome in
this question, f,.;,, t _, :

f!i:j'A'.i'

^Jfifc

I have dwelt on this point, because it has been the
most obstinately contested and arrogantly asserted claim
in the whole system of Romanism, and because it has
led to the most despotic and arbitrary domination ever
exercised by any christian potentate, lay or clerical. v

Thus, this holy apostle St. Peter, this so-called Prince,
this vicar of Jesus Christ, this rock upon which Koman Ca-
tholics build their Church, is made the j||willing author of
grievous misrepresentations, falsehoods and wrongs in
the Christian world. Again, as to the vexed passage —
" On this rock I will build my Church," I will add but a
few words. As the uniform style of the scriptures is in
figurative language so their uniform design Ls to testify of
Christ; the very fii*st tentiraony we receive of him in the
Bible is highly figurative, " The seed of the woman shall
bruise the serpent's head." — Gen. iii. .r^v

When therefore in conformity with tliis figurative,
style, and in relation to the sinner's hope, the scriptures
speak of a rock, as indicating an immovable and sure
foundation, they naturally testify of Christ, therefore the
passage in question issuing from His gracious lips, cannot
have reference to any object inferior to himself, and
therefore he spake of himself, when he said " on this I'ock
I will build my Church," and the words which he uses in
Math. viii. may be considered as a key to the passage,
" whoso heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I
will liken unto a wise man that built his house upon a
rock, and the rains descended, and the floods came, and
the winds blew and beat upon that house and it fell not,
for it was founded on tt rock."

The subjects proposed for consideration in this
little treatise were the assumed antiquity of the Roman
Church) and the supremacy of the Roman Pontiff. It
was the vulgar taunt of the Romanist^ when boasting of
his Church's antiquity, to say to the Protestant — "Where
was your church before Luther ?" and the obvious reply
was — " In the Bible, where yours never was," but that
reply can have little weight with the Romanist, who puts
his faith more in tradition than in the inspired scriptures ;
but we can now give him the retort courteous by asking
him where was his Church before Pope Pius the Fourth,
and his creed — ^that creed which is declared to be the
^* orthfOdax faith, which all are bound to profess, and out-
side of which no one can be saved," contains twelve
articles, every one of which, taken seriatim, is opposed to
the truth of the Bible. Finally, with scripture and h\a-
tory as sure tests to try the doctidnes of Romanism, and
system of Papal worship, we are led to the conclusion in
coincidence with St. Paul's delineations of the " latter
times apostasy " — 1 Tim. iv. 2, 2 Aess.ii, that the Roman
Church has departed from the faith, that she began so to
depart in thetimesof thefourth century, and that through
many intermediate innovations and superadd^nl dogmas,
at length completed her code of canon laws, her form of
rites and ceremonies under the Pontificate of Pius the
Fourth, in the sixteenth century, ^therefore in history, in
scripture, in natural reason and in logic, the Roman
Church has no apostolic antiquity, nor the Roman Pon-
tiff supremacy of jurisdiction.

'"im^