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/ 
 
 ANHQUITY AND SUPREMACY 
 
 — TREATBD OF IN RBFERENOE TO 
 
 ARCHBISHOP LYNCH'S LECTURES, 
 
 (Published in the Toronto Globe) 
 
 Znaorilied to tbe Uembers of L.O.L. ITo. 166, 
 BY G. EVANS, M. A. 
 
 (Son. Chaplain). 
 
 '^^*^*^U0^0i^mi0^m 
 
 ©abilU : 
 
 FEINTED AT THE EXPRESS CHEAP BOOK AND JOB OPPIOE. 
 
 1876. 
 
 :'9^0^' 
 
■'■ : ' . ■Vi. »^ 
 
 ?'*?ttX> Bv"'f - -i"-^ •- i 
 
 M. •,.• ■'.i'i.-i 
 
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 . * M W" 
 
The religious aspect of the times, and the unchecked 
 advance of Kitualism, evincing a tendency to Popery, 
 rendering it important that loyal Christians should fuU 
 ly comprehend the nature of those debasing and anti- 
 christian principles, against which their forefathers pro- 
 te8ted,-the following brief essay, is intended to show 
 how far the Roman Catholic Church has seceded from the 
 faith of the the apostoUc age, especiaUy with relation to 
 that system of demonolatry, which St. Paul prophetically 
 defines as the characteristic of the « latter times " apos- 
 tasy — 1. Tim. i. 4. 
 
PAPAL 
 
 ANTIQUITY AND SUPREMACY. 
 
 ■■•-^^-^ 
 
 "A THOUSAND TIMES," as Archbishop Lynch truly af- 
 firmshasitbeenasserted that the Church of Rometakes her 
 doctrinal origin from the first century of the Christian 
 era, and a thousand times has that assertion been refuted, 
 by men as eminent for their knowledge of history as 
 they were learned in the doctrine and theology of the 
 primitive church. Again, a ^^ thousand times" has it been 
 asserted that the Roman Pontiff claims a supremacy over 
 the whole commonwealth of Christendom, by right of a 
 delegated authority to the apostle St. Peter, as Vicar 
 of Christ, and through Peter by right of succession, to the 
 Popes of Rome ; and a thousand times has that claim 
 been disputed and disproved, as utterly groundless and 
 untenable. 
 
 It would be a work of great supererogation now to 
 enterinto a recapitulation of the "thousand times" repeat- 
 ed arguments, which have gone to prove the futility of 
 those assertions ; assertions, which in the face of histori- 
 cal records and known teaching of the primitive Church, 
 Roman Catholics put forth and industriously circulate in 
 their lectures, and through the medium of the public 
 prints. L Now a church whose ecclesiastical constitu- 
 tion was not fully established until the pontificate of 
 Pius the Fourth, 1564, can have but slender grounds to 
 
compete with a Church planted under the presidency and 
 supervision of the twelve apostles, who on the day of 
 Pentecost received gifts commensurate with the ^at 
 work they were commissioned to perform, that of giving 
 to the world (in full) all the essentia elements of the 
 Christian religion, unincumbered by extraneous and vain 
 traditions. 
 
 The creed of Pius the Fourth is now the acknowledged 
 summary of the doctrines which form the ecclesiastical 
 polity of the Papal Church, but if we look a few centuries 
 backward, we find the introduction of lites and ceremonies 
 utterly unknown to the Primitive Church, unless as 
 eventualities predicted of the " latter times," and 
 prophetically communicated by St. Paul to Timethy, in 
 the following remarkable words : — 
 
 " Now the Spirit speaketh expressly that in the latter 
 times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to 
 seducing spirits and doctrine of demons ; speaking lies in 
 hypocracy ; forbidding to marry and commanding to 
 abstain from meats." 
 
 This prophetical language may require some explana* 
 tion. About the time of Julian the Apostate, many 
 superstitious tales were spread abroad of great wonders 
 shown to those who approached the shrines of the martyrs 
 and prayed at their sepulchres; through such delu- 
 sions and lying wonders began the deifying of departed 
 saints ; invocating them as mediators and adoring their 
 relics. These newly introduced rites continued to obtain 
 credence, thus changing the whole contexture of the 
 primitive Church, and subverting the very basis of the 
 <TOspel religion. The innovations thus introduced had a 
 more general acceptance at a later period, and are thus 
 graphically described by the pen of the historian : — 
 
 i 
 

 " Tho ChristianB of the seventh century had insensibly 
 relapsed into a semblance of paganism ; their public and 
 private vows were addressed to the relics and images 
 that disgraced the temples of the east ; the throne of the 
 Almighty was darkened by a crowd of martyrs and 
 saints ; the Virgin Mary was invested with the name ami 
 honours of a goddess ; the saints and martyrs whose 
 intercession was implored were seated at the right hand 
 of God; the devout Chiistian prayed before the image of 
 a sainty and the pagan rites of genuflexion, luminaries 
 and insense stole into the Catholic Church." — Gib. DecL 
 and Fatly Book 9. . # 
 
 This historical portraiture of the Church of the 
 seventh century is easily identified witli the Church of 
 the sixteenth century, as settled by the creed of Pope 
 Pius the Fourth, (1564). The seventh article of that 
 creed enjoins the worship of canonized saints and martyrs 
 as it is thus expressed : — 
 
 "Likewise the ^taints reigning together with Christ 
 are to be honoured und invocated, and that they offer up 
 prayers for us, and their relics are to be had in vene 
 ration." 
 
 Here, then, if we turn to the primitive apcstolic times, 
 we in vain look for any record of the intervention of 
 canonized saints and martyrs, as mediators and intercess- 
 ors with God for us. The Church was then founded on 
 the true faith of one God and one Mediator, " and other 
 foundation can no man lay." 
 
 The Church of Rome, therefore, in acknowledging 
 the creed of Pius the Fourth, as the basis of her religion, 
 has manifestly departed from the faith of the apostolic 
 age, and in her present constitution has no proper doctrinal 
 or ecclesiastical antiquity. Let us now turn to the second 
 thousand times repeated assertion — 
 
8 
 
 The Supremacy of the Pope. 
 
 2. Archbishop Lynch and all Romanists are very ex- 
 press in claiming for the Koman Pontiff the extraordinary 
 prerogative of being the sole and infallible successor of 
 the Apostle Peter, whereby he (the Pope) holds supreme 
 jurisdiction over all Christendom. This doctrine of 
 papal supremacy is affirmed in the tenth Art. of the creed 
 of Pius the Fourth, thus : — 
 
 '< I ackno\r ledge the holy Catholic Roman Church for 
 the mother and mistress of all Churches, and I promise 
 true, obedience to the Bishop of Rome successor to Peter 
 Prince of the Apostles and Vicar of Jesus Christ." — 10 
 Art creed Pius iv. 
 
 The obedience demanded by this canon extended to 
 matters civil and religious, and history reveals a dismal 
 catalogue of inhuman cruelties and persecutions which 
 followed the enforcement of so imwarrantable an 
 enactment. 
 
 Archbishop Lynch in his lecture of January 11th, 
 complains that the supremacy so established, was swept 
 away at tlie reformation, yet it is still upheld as an 
 inherent right of the Papal Church, furthermore by a 
 decree of the Council of Trent, all the articles of the 
 creed of Pius the Fourth, are made binding on pain of 
 lorfeiting salvation. 
 
 In referring to a tabular view of the encroachments 
 and rise of Popery, it appears that the Roman Catholic 
 religion was not established under an authorized Popedom 
 imtil the beginning of the seventh century, when it 
 rightly acquired the characteristic of the Pontificale or 
 Papal Church in contradistinction to the Apostolic or 
 Gospel Church. In the intermediate periods between the 
 seventh and sixteenth centuries, many new doctrines were 
 
X- 
 
 «ldded, and the Papacy continued to extend its influence 
 bj intolerance and persecution. The Popes and their 
 legates assumed a high and imperial authority, and 
 supremacy over all christian states, until checked by the 
 glorious rcTolution, and timely advent in England of 
 William Prince of Orange of pious and immortal memory ; 
 but the supremacy of the Papal Church, was father 
 usurped, until it received the sanction and impress of the 
 canon law of the tenth Art. of the ci^eed of Pope Pius, 
 fiilready referred to. Thus, therefore, the supremacy of 
 the Pope, &lsely asserted to emanate from St. Peter, is 
 one of the most remarkable innovations of the Church of 
 Rome, and, considered in the light of Gospel truth, is 
 utterly discordant with the genius and spirit of Christ's 
 religion. Little, therefore, need be said in refutation of 
 this claim of Papal supremacy. like the former, it has 
 been a thousand times refuted ; a thousand times has it 
 been shewn that our Lord did not confer any superiority 
 on Peter, giving him a presidency over the other apos^ 
 ties. It is likewise clear that no position of supremacy 
 was accorded to Peter, or claimed by him, at the first 
 Council held at Jerusalem, for the CoimcU was not 
 opened by him^ nor was the decision of the Council pro- 
 nounced by him, but by James, as president." i fvru « ^t r 
 Archbishop Lynch is therefore driven to the neces- 
 sity of resting his cause on the solitary though memor- 
 able words — ** Thou art Peter, and on this rock I will 
 build my Church." — Old and hackneyed as the 
 argument founded upon these words may be. Dr. 
 Lynch did not &il to avail himself of it in one of 
 his recent lectures, reported in the Toronto Globe. — 
 Speaking of what he calls the old doctrina, which wer« 
 swept away at the Reformation, he says — ** In the first 
 
 ,i:;.'v<; 
 
10 
 
 place, was swept away, the supremacy of the Pope — that 
 is that the Pope is the successor of Peter and head of the 
 Church — ^it was nothing new. Christ had said — * Thou 
 art Peter, and on this rock I will build my Church.' " 
 
 ' The Roman Fathers commonly used the Latin Vul- 
 gate, in which version Dr. Lynch may be more profound- 
 ly read than in the Greek original, wherein, in another 
 of his lectures, he evinced some inaccuracy, but, as in all 
 disputed texts, reference is mostly had to the original 
 languages in which the words were either written or 
 spoken, I will appeal to his Grace's more perfect ac- 
 quaintance with the Latin tongue, and refer to the wordM 
 as copied from the Greek into the Latin Vulgate now 
 before me : — 
 
 "Tu esPetrus, <)t super banc petram, edificabo meam 
 
 eccleslam." * • . 
 
 Although the two clauses of this sentence are con- 
 nected by the preposition <' et," the sense and application 
 of each have no grammatical connection, and must there- 
 fore have reference to something before spoken, Math, xvi, 
 but the persistency and frequency with which the sentence 
 is paraded, with the object of asserting the supremacy of 
 Peter, would lead to the supposition that Roman Catholics 
 have great faith in their theory of reserve, that is the keep- 
 ing back the wh«le counsel of God, as' they do the open 
 Bible, and that, on the point in question, they have in 
 reserve, unknown to common grammarians, some extra- 
 ordinary freak of syntax, or lusus grammaticse whereby 
 the two nouns " Petrus " and " petram," though in dif- 
 ferent cases, may be put in apposition, which would be 
 as absurd as the interpretation sought to be affixed to the 
 words is ungrammatical ; for neither is the "edificabo 
 meam ecclesiam " predicated of " Petvus," in the second 
 person, but of " petram," in the third person ; and so 
 
11 
 
 I 
 
 exactly has a learned Bishop understood and expressed 
 it, in his speech before the late (Ecumenical Council, at 
 Home, wherein he cites the authority of the most emin- 
 ent Fathers of antiquity, as opponents of the Roman in- 
 terpretation of the sentence, and conq|udes in these 
 
 WOrQS • - . ^ .J . J ■ , , , , , , ,, ; , ;, ,^, j-.„ ft -tj ■ I > / J. ^'jfif 
 
 " The holy Fathers, in the famous passage, " Thou 
 art Peter, and on this rock I will build my Church," 
 never understood that that the Church was built on 
 Peter, super Petrum, but on the rock, super petram." — 
 Strossmeyer. '^'^ 
 
 But I will now advert to something a thousand times 
 of higher interest than any dry grammatical argument, 
 in the light of which the supremacy of Peter and of all 
 Roman Pontiffs must be thrown into the veriest obscura- 
 tion. It is very remarkable that in perfect coincidence 
 with the words recorded by St. Matthew, — ** and on this 
 rock I will build my Church." The true God is in nu- 
 merous places in the Old Testament designated a Rock. 
 In Deuteronomy xxxii. He is four times referred to un- 
 der that epithet, e, g., '^ Jesurun forsook the Grod which 
 made him, and lightly esteemed the rock of his salva- 
 tion. Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, 
 and hast forgotten the God that formed thee." This af- 
 firmation is made in so many instances, it would 
 take several pages to give the quotations. Passing, there- 
 fore over the numberless verses which speak to this im- 
 port, come we to St. Peter and St. Paul. The former 
 Apostle, who, as received i^ the Church of Rome, must 
 be a paramount authority with Archbishop Lynch, will, 
 I fear, if allowed to speak for himself, give small en- 
 couragement to his infallible successors' pretensions, nor 
 Mrill the language which he addressed to the Jewish con- 
 
12 
 
 verts, add much stability to His Holiness in being, as 
 Peter's successor, the foundation stone upon which the 
 Church is built. What a monstrous egotist must Peter have 
 been, if, when addressing the Jews after the following 
 manner, he w%p merely speaking of himself, and sssert- 
 ing his own personal title to universal supremacy, and 
 extolling himself as the fundamental basis upon which all 
 their hopes were built. 
 
 It is worthy of remark that these two shining 
 lights of the Gospel Church, quote the same passage 
 from the prophet which speaks of Christ as a rock or 
 foundation stone. ^' Behold I lay in Zion for a foundation 
 stone, a tried stone, a precious comer stone, a sure foun- 
 dation. — Isaiah xxym, 16. 
 
 As St. Peter was addressing the believing as well as 
 the unbelieving Jews, he makes this enlargement on the 
 Prophe" 's words :— " Unto you, therefore, which believe, 
 He, (Christ) is precious, but unto them that disbelieve, the 
 stone which the builders refused, the same is made head 
 of the comer, and a stone of stumbling and rock of of- 
 ence, even to them that stumble at the Word," etc. 
 
 It may, perhaps, be said that the scriptural passages 
 here quoted are typical, and not pertinent to the ques- 
 tion at issue, so much the worse for the Koman Pontiffs' 
 assumed claim as successoi's to Peter, the supposed rock 
 on which the Church is built, since the corollaries de- 
 ducible from such typical language exclude Peter from 
 any part i?i this question, whether as type or antitype. 
 
 , St. Paul, in allusion to the rock at Bephidim, which 
 op b^ing smitten by the rod of Moses supplied the Israel- 
 ites with w^ter, expressly calls Christ the Hock, they 
 all drank of that spiritual Bock which followed them, 
 and that rock was Christ — ^not that Christ was ptr se the 
 
13 
 
 Bock, but diat he was the antitype, or person pre- 
 figured or pointed to as the Bock or sure foundation of 
 
 the Christian Church. 
 
 ■. ' .. . " > .. '. i... . i".. . . ... i«i 
 
 Thus, as the typical rock of Bephidim gave no 
 water until it was smitten by the rod of Moses, in like 
 manner Christ, the antitype was smitten on the cross, 
 that from his side might proceed that sovereign stream ot 
 blood and water which is effectual to the salvation of His 
 faithful people. Thus, again, as the typical rock, was 
 smitten by the rod of Moses, so was Christ smitten by 
 the rod of the law, the curses and penalties ot which, for 
 our transgressions were laid upon him : " For he was 
 wounded for our transgressions; He was bruised for our 
 iniquities." ' • ■ '^ \. •. . i / ?;' 
 
 Lastly, as a continued stream followed the Israelites 
 from the smitten typical rock, so Christ, being smitten on 
 the cross — a never-ceasing supply of living water is pour- 
 ed out on His Church, of which whosoever drinketh, it 
 it shall be in him a well of water springing up into eter- 
 nal lile," Here, then, the inspired scriptures in every 
 part combine their testimony in ascribing the whole 
 work of redemption to Christ alone — the author and fin- 
 isher of our isdthf the rock of our salvation, and the sure 
 foundation upon which the whole iabric of the visible 
 Church is built. Through His intercession alone, the 
 blessings and co-operation of the Triune Godhead are 
 through faith attainable, sanctification, justification, re- 
 mission of sin, grace and mercy. How widely, therefore, 
 does the Church of Borne depart from the faith, when 
 she vainly seeks to supplement so great salvation, by 
 calling to her aid the ritual of canonized saints, invo- 
 cating the intercession of creatures like ourselves, pray- 
 
14 
 
 ng befoi-e their images, and adoring and venerating their 
 relics. 
 
 ^^ * 
 
 These rites of invocating the mediation of departed 
 saints ajre a direct violation of scriptural precedent, which 
 atlmits but one God and one mediator. 
 
 The Church of Pius the Fourth (being the Church of 
 llome) which commands such an anti-christian system of 
 worahip, defined by the apostle — " doctrine of demons, 
 is not therefore built on the foundation of the prophets 
 and apostles, Jesud Christ himself being the Chief Cor- 
 ner Stone. Therefore, the Church of Rome is not apos- 
 tolic, neither can she be the "mother and mistress of all 
 the Churches," since that claim rests upon the assump- 
 tion that Peter was Bishop of Rome and Prince of all 
 the Apostles ; and this leads to the re-production of an 
 old problem, which may be styled the "pons asinorum " of 
 the Roman Church, viz. : the stubborn fact that Peter 
 never was Bishop of Rome. It is even doubted whether 
 he had ever been a resident of the eternal city of the 
 ( /aesars. Bishop Strossmeyer did not scruple to submit 
 this proposition to the sense of the assembled prelates at 
 the great (Ecumenical Council. In his speech, from 
 which I have already given an extract, he says — " St. 
 Peter having been at Rome, my venerable brethren, rests 
 only on tradition, but if he had been Bishop of Rome, 
 how can you, from that Episcopate prove his supremacy V* 
 Scaliger, one of the most learned of men, has not hesitat- 
 ed to say that Peter's episcopate and residence at Rome 
 ought to be " classed with ridiculous legends." If, then, 
 Peter's episcopacy, residence at Rome and vicarship are 
 controverted facts, and that Peter never was Bishop of 
 Rome, how can the Roman Pontiffs be Peter's successors? 
 
15 
 
 It is not easy to dislocate history and scripture, but no 
 records in either can be found on the side of Kome in 
 this question, f,.;,, t _, : 
 
 f!i:j'A'.i' 
 
 ^Jfifc 
 
 I have dwelt on this point, because it has been the 
 most obstinately contested and arrogantly asserted claim 
 in the whole system of Romanism, and because it has 
 led to the most despotic and arbitrary domination ever 
 exercised by any christian potentate, lay or clerical. v 
 
 Thus, this holy apostle St. Peter, this so-called Prince, 
 this vicar of Jesus Christ, this rock upon which Koman Ca- 
 tholics build their Church, is made the j||willing author of 
 grievous misrepresentations, falsehoods and wrongs in 
 the Christian world. Again, as to the vexed passage — 
 " On this rock I will build my Church," I will add but a 
 few words. As the uniform style of the scriptures is in 
 figurative language so their uniform design Ls to testify of 
 Christ; the very fii*st tentiraony we receive of him in the 
 Bible is highly figurative, " The seed of the woman shall 
 bruise the serpent's head." — Gen. iii. .r^v 
 
 When therefore in conformity with tliis figurative, 
 style, and in relation to the sinner's hope, the scriptures 
 speak of a rock, as indicating an immovable and sure 
 foundation, they naturally testify of Christ, therefore the 
 passage in question issuing from His gracious lips, cannot 
 have reference to any object inferior to himself, and 
 therefore he spake of himself, when he said " on this I'ock 
 I will build my Church," and the words which he uses in 
 Math. viii. may be considered as a key to the passage, 
 " whoso heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I 
 will liken unto a wise man that built his house upon a 
 rock, and the rains descended, and the floods came, and 
 the winds blew and beat upon that house and it fell not, 
 for it was founded on tt rock." 
 
16 
 
 The subjects proposed for consideration in this 
 little treatise were the assumed antiquity of the Roman 
 Church) and the supremacy of the Roman Pontiff. It 
 was the vulgar taunt of the Romanist^ when boasting of 
 his Church's antiquity, to say to the Protestant — "Where 
 was your church before Luther ?" and the obvious reply 
 was — " In the Bible, where yours never was," but that 
 reply can have little weight with the Romanist, who puts 
 his faith more in tradition than in the inspired scriptures ; 
 but we can now give him the retort courteous by asking 
 him where was his Church before Pope Pius the Fourth, 
 and his creed — ^that creed which is declared to be the 
 ^* orthfOdax faith, which all are bound to profess, and out- 
 side of which no one can be saved," contains twelve 
 articles, every one of which, taken seriatim, is opposed to 
 the truth of the Bible. Finally, with scripture and h\a- 
 tory as sure tests to try the doctidnes of Romanism, and 
 system of Papal worship, we are led to the conclusion in 
 coincidence with St. Paul's delineations of the " latter 
 times apostasy " — 1 Tim. iv. 2, 2 Aess.ii, that the Roman 
 Church has departed from the faith, that she began so to 
 depart in thetimesof thefourth century, and that through 
 many intermediate innovations and superadd^nl dogmas, 
 at length completed her code of canon laws, her form of 
 rites and ceremonies under the Pontificate of Pius the 
 Fourth, in the sixteenth century, ^therefore in history, in 
 scripture, in natural reason and in logic, the Roman 
 Church has no apostolic antiquity, nor the Roman Pon- 
 tiff supremacy of jurisdiction. 
 
 
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