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BIXBY & CO., PUBLISHERS iiiiiiiitiii|[|iiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiii:iii.iii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiii,iiiiiiiii,iiiii,i !3^* ''^' ^y '>>; ':<•: >V >y >J*;" >•»" '^< VV I'liiiiiiiMiiiiiiViiiil'i'hihViiiiiiilimiiiTiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiihiiiiiiM iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiltiiiiiiuiii MAIL PRINT, TORONTO 1^0115.1^ I'^-^^t T i V f. KJ h PRKFACB. [HE growth of the Province of Ontario is so marked in all depart- ments of industry and commerce that its best informed citizens are not able to keep pace with the many very rapid changes that are continually going on about them. Particularly is this the case with the metropolis of this Province, which has made such magical strides in improvements during the past decade. Recognizing the need of some work which would give a comprehen- sive and intelligent knowledge of the Toronto of to-day and the place she justly occupies, the publishers have no hesitancy in placing it in the hands of the public, believing that no volume heretofore issued contains so great an amount of useful information. The design of the work is not only to acquaint the people of Toronto with what properly belongs to their city and its material growth, but to place with them a convenient work of reference of such character that its distribution abroad will be a matter of interest to all. Whatever may have been the state of affairs set forth as existing under the Canadian Government, the final outcome seems to have been satisfactory to a great majority of this Province, and redounded to the welfare of the metropolis and its inhabitants by giving an impetus in the right direction, and which is now likely to be continued. There seems to have been a strong hand needed, and that was found in the Hon. George Brown, whose memory all citizens of Ontario love to honor, and to whom due credit should be and is accorded ; his instrumentality in inaugurating the vast system of improvements has made Toronto what it should be, the capital of a great agricultural and commercial Province. It has been our object to produce a volume of readable sketches, dealing largely with local affairs and particularly replete with personal matter in reference to those who are mainsprings commercially and otherwise, and with whom the public, familiar but in name, would gladly become more intimate. To the complete attainment of this object we have secured such aids and large public support as must remove our attempt from the limits of mediocrity, and insure for it a leading success. Respectfully, BDITORS. U60 o, -j3 1 he Goldsmiths' Company 50 YoNGE Strlet, Toronto WHOLESALE JEWELLERS Importers of Watches and Clocks, English and American Gold and Plated Jewellery. Manufacturers of Rings, Chain Lockets, Etc. •= ^REPAIRING FOR THE TRADE * IANSONIA CLOCK COMPANY SIMONS BROS. & CO.'S CANES and THIMBLES AMERICAN WATCH COMPANY ELGIN NATIONAL WATCH COMPANY - HAMPDEN WATCH COMPANY The Goldsmiths Company sell exclusively to the Trade ' \ SmI.TH & PUDGER 50 Von^e Street, Toronto Fancy Goods and Woodenware ( WHOLESALE > --SPECIALTIES-- =0 PLUSH and Leather Cases and Necessaires BRUSHES. J no. Gosneil & Co., and other standard makers SILVERWARE. Table, Toilet and Presentation Pieces NICKELITE Spoons and Forks. The best in the world THE " STAR " TOBOGGAN. (Agents for Western Canada) HAND SLEIGHS. Clippers, Cutters, Baby Sleighs TOYS AND GAMES. Field Sports and Parlor Amusements VIOLINS, ACCORDEONS and Musical Sundries BABY CARRIAGES, Canadian and American CLOSE PRICES— LIBERAL TERMS— PROMPT ATTENTION SMITH & FUDGER, 50 Yonge St., Toronto % i 1 GKNERAL INDKX PAdE Abell, John, engine and machine worlci i8i Acnw Silver Co., mfs. of electro- plated ware 167 Aoains, W, F., hardware, house fur- niahinE goo'is 99 Adams, Frank A Co., general ticket agents 157 AikenheaJ & Crombie, hardware 13B Allen, J. B. & Co., hardware 196 Alexander, William, watchmaker and jeweller 133 Alexander 4c Cable, lithographers and engravers 143 Alexander & Co., stock warehouse, importers and mfrs 129 Alison, James, merchant tailor i6i Allan, V. C, city news depot 123 Allport, E. H. and Co., mff{. jewellers an Anderson, K. , mfr. confectionery 123 Andrews, F. T. , tailor 133 Archer, Mrs. E., millinery 126 Armstrong, Fred., plumber 184 Aronsberg, A., and Co., oculists 224 Atcheson, J. A., mfr. art furniture, etc. 174 Austin, E., China and crockery bazaar 205 Aylesworth, M. B., architect 190 Bank of Montreal 88 Banks Bros. , insurance and real estate agents 174 Barron, John, boot and shoe dealer... loi Barron, Root., grocer and provision merchant 132 Barton & Walker, real estate agents. 149 Batoche grocery store, Frank Ross.... 123 Bavington, James, house and sign painter no Beardmore b. Co., tanners, importers and leather merchants 191 Beamish, John C, cooper 21 Beaver Lock Works, J. & E. H. Roberts, props 14!! Bell, W. H., mfr. interior wood fittin>;s 112 Bell, T. dc Co., ceal and wood 151 Bendelari, E., fruit and produce 193 Banfield, W. H., machmist and die maker 163 Bengough, (ieo., agent Remington Standard Type Writer 108 Benson, C. S., Western Tea Co 118 Benyon Bros., Toronto Knitting and Hosiery Co 143 Bertram 4 Co., hardware merchants 141 Berwick, ^.,& Co., grocers 15 Belts' dining hall 116 Riitnn Bros., tailors 107 Bird, J. L., hardware 175 Blachford. H., 4 C, mfrs. and imps. boots and shoes 104 Black Horse Hotel, Alfred Oxford, 157 Black, James R., mfrs. of fine car- riases, cutters and sleighs 142 Blue Line Fast Freight, S. Hynd- man, agent •,•.. '5^ Boarding and d.iy school for junior boys, W. Magill, prin 167 Borrowman, A., Staffordshire House 144 Breen, James, fruit, oysters, etc 127 Brereton, J. H., & Co., tailors 134 Brown 4 Love, builders and stove dealers 202 Brown Charles, Dominion Livery and Boarding Stable <77 Brown, Wm., furniture denier and up- hoLsterer 132 Brown's Bargain House, crockery, etc. 1 1 7 Brown, J. Hunter, merchant tailor.... 130 Bryant, Gibson jc Co., mfrs. of pick! ss, sauces, etc 178 Bryce Bros., lumber, builders 209 Buntin, Reid Jc Co., wholesale sta- tioners 193 Bums & McCormack, agents Calu- met Fire Clay Co loa Biyce,McMumch,and Co.,dry*goods an Bull's Head Hotel, Mrn, Burke 101 Burns,' James W., grocer latf Burnett, Miu, French millinery 100 Burns, John, carriage works 98 Butler, J. W. A., ostrich feather dyer 130 Butler, T,, mfr. of builders' materials 156 Caldecott, Burton & Co., importers dry goods ia6 Carnocnan, James, lumber dealer 122 Canadinn Mutual Aid Association Life Assurance 304 Campbell A Son, artist< 205 Canada Carriage Parts Co 115 Canadian Rubber Co., J. H. Walker, manager 155 Caslor, John, edge tools lao Carey, V. P., ready-made clothing.... 174 Carswell b Co., law book publishers 159 Cavanagh h Armitage, grain and flour merchants 190 Chancy 4 Co., bedding mfrs 99 Cheeseworth, J. W., merchant tailor 166 Christie, Kerr 4 Co., lumber dealers, shingles and laths 184 Christie^ Brown Jc Co., biscuit mfrs. 199 Clare,'!., stationery 119 Clarry, F. A., imps, wool, cotton, flannels, etc 147 Clarkson, Thomas, grocer 180 Clark, P. M. 4 Son, tailors and gents' harberdashers loi Clancy Bros., furniture and stove dealers in Clayton, Thomas, meat market 127 Claxto.i, Music Store, imp., music publisher 117 Clow, Wm., turtle restaurant 155 Club Chambers, Mr. J. O'Donohue, prop 19a Cluff, Richard, mfr. boots and shoes 120 Cluff, W. J., boots and shoes....... .. 135 Cluthe, Charles, surgical machinist... 193 Cobourg Matting Co., Wm. Mitchell 150 Cochran, Robert, dealer in stocks 176 Cofliee, L., & Co., produce merchants 137 Coleman, George, cunfec'ioner 115 Collins, Harry A., house fur. goods... 138 Commercial Union Assurance Co. (Lim.), Wickens and Evans, agts... an Conboy, D., cariage tops mfr ij8 Conger Coal Co 171 Cook & Bunker, carversand gilders... 158 Cook, J. U. , photographer 136 Copland Brewing Company, H. L. Hime, pre.iident aio Copp, Clark Co., publishers i;3 Coopers' Arms Hotel, J. C. Beamish, prop 117 Cooper & Smith, boots and shoes aoo Cux & Co., stock brokers 91 Crane and Baird, flour and grain 171 Cropper, James, cabinet maker 104 Cross, Wm., taxidermist 136 Culverwell, I. T., real estate broker... 173 CuminK 4 Wells, plumbers 170 Crystal Palace Hotel, J. Conn, prop. iiSl Crysler, Dr. Frank E., dental surgeon 137 Darling and Curry, architects 202I Davies, Wm., & Co., pork packers.... 86 Dennis, C. W., Model Washer 141 Dick, Ridout4Co.,mfrs, of linen and cotton bags, etc 100 Digman, John S., crockery and glass ware, lamp.s, etc 190 Dixon, A. H. 4 Son, Eng. physician 175 Dodge Wood Split Pulley Co., Sainl. May, manager 1B6 Dotierty, R. G., watchmaker and jeweller 108 Dominion Bridge Co., P. Johnson, manager 197 Dominion Bank 168 Don Foundry, Alfred Medcalf 114 Douglass Brothers, galvanized iron cornices, etc 151 Doyle, P., books and fancy goods iji PA«R DousI, Joseph, law and commercial ' stationer 14s Dubois A Fils, Mdme., ostrich feathers 167 Edwards & Webster, architects 14a Elder, Robert, carriage builder 166 Elliot & Co., mfg. chemists 165 Eichliorn jc Carpenter, cigars and tobacco 171 Empress Sewing Machine Co., To- ronto, V, J. Close, manager 304 Erie Despatch, John Strachai 137 Everisi, George, wholesale fruit and potatoes 100 Ewing and Co., mfrs. and imps, photo stock 96 Excelsior Straw Works 13S Farmers' Loan and Savings Co 205 Federal Life Assurance of Hamilton, K. H. Jarvis, manager 304 Fell, J. C.,and Co., mfr. stamp goods 102 Fennell, Josiah, harness and saddle mfr 119 Fen.som Elevator Works aia Fenton,W. J. and Co., real estate agts. 149 Ferris and Co., Eagle Steam Washer 159 Ferguson, W. H., carpenter in Fire Insurance Exchange, G. W. Yarker 209 Fisher, '1'. S., and Co., wool and heepskins i8s Fisk H. J., and Co., leather 103 Fleischmann and Co., compressed yeast "09 Fletcher Manufacturing Co.... 105 Flett, F. W., pharmacist 124 Flett, Lowndes and Co., sewing and machine silk lAi Forbes, Duncan, felt and gravel roof- ing 15' li'iigK, John, brass founder loa Foster, T. G., and Co., upholsterers, etc 197 Foster, J. W. L., artist 303 Foster and Macabe, wholesale imps... 134 Fox and Co., manfs. and dealers in lumber 9^ Freehold Loan and Savings Co., H. S. Wood, manager 178 Gentleman, C, sewing machine 114 Gibb, Lawrence, wh'Isale prov. mer. . 174 Gillespie, Ansley and Martin, hat< and caps 196 Gilhuly, John, wood turner 134 Glass, Ihomas, and Co., harness, trunks 133 Goddard and Barnard, stone merchts. 173 Graham File Woiks, T. H. E. A. and F. R. Graham, props 188 Gray, R. H.,and('o.,mfrs.ofoveralls, shirts, etc 185 Gordon, Mackay and Co., dry goods 178 Goulden and 'I'rorey, mfrs. jewellery 98 Graham, T. H., L.D.S., den. surgeon 98 Grant Lithographing Co., J. B. Grant 189 Great Western House, Thos. Ken- nedy, prop 118 Green, Josiah, chemist 121 Grosveiior, Chater & Co., paper mfrs. 113 Guest, Geo., plumber 143 (iuest, E. B., family butcher 141 Gullett, F. n., marble works 17a Guy, Wm. J., plumber ia6 Hall, S. E., bookbinding. 145 Hallam, lohn, tanners' supplies 91 Harden Grenade Co., L L. Carrand Co., managers 191 Hardy, T., boots and shoes 14a Harnden, W. H.,andCo.,tinw're,etc. 116 Harrison, Glover, imps, crockery, etc in Hay, John, grocer laB Harton _ and Hustwitt, tea and groceries 140 Hawtey Brothers, merchants 130 Heintzman and Co., piano mfs- 107 \ INDEX. PACK Henderion, C. M., and Co., auction room* 144 Handtnon, A.,mfg. agent in llandcnon, James S. and Co,, wall papcn 138 Henry, E. J., flour, feed, hay, etc 131 Harr, Jacob, and Co., piano infn loi Heuin, Wm., buKUita and confec- tionery 194 Hewitt A Capell, wood workers lai Hewlett and Uell, real estate and in- surance agents i8j PAO* May. Samuel & Co., manufacturers of billiard and pool tables 1B6 McHean, Wm., builder 103 McCall, D. & Co., millinery and fancy goods, etc 186 McCausland, Joseph & Son, stained glass works 91 McClarv Manufacturing Co 15J McConnell. T., & Co., coal and wood 109 McCurmacK, T., stationery and fancy goods 130 McCrackeii, Jas. S., lumber dealer... loa Hill, W. B., mfr. Jewellery 113' McCiiaig, Cinrence J., real estate agt 107 Hobberlin, A. M., tailor 117 McUowail, W., guns and sporting gUs 99 Hop Bitters, S. D. Stone, manager.... 1^4 Mcltougal, W. il., gents' tumishings 133 Hovenden.K. J., artists' coloring 156 , W., family butcher 144 Howard Hubbard, C H., dental depot 108 Hughes Bros., importers 191 McCill, Wm., & Co., wood ana ocal. aoi Mcduire & Bird, plumbers aotf McKiiinon, S, K., A Co., importers of millinery and fancy goodi 174 McLaren, Thomas, sheet iron and tin warr u8 McLean, Cieo., importer dry goods ... 14 Mcl^llan, T. E., dispensing chemist 98 76 Humphrey, V, P., undertaker 184 Hurst, Fred., butcher 116 Hutchison & Aylesworth, grocers and tea merchants 131 Hyde, K. C , piano tuner io8{ McMahon, John, merchant tailor Hynes, M. J. & Brn., terra cotta i79|McPhail, ilewett & Co., manufnctur- Imperinl Hotel. J. Maloney, prop... isij ers and importers nf furs 150 Inglis & Hunler, machinists 116 Meadows, S.,pluml)cr 13B International Book and Bible House, I Meacham, J. B., Arcade pharmacy... 117 publishers laij Men.singa, Kred. C, com. merchant. 173 Irwin, John, furniture 1131 Meldruni, H., chemist and druggist,. 106 James, A., steam dyeing works 140! Merrett. K., iiiii). wall pane ii6 James & Furness, com. merchants .... 176, Meriden Silvur Plate Co., Warren, H. James, Samuel, roofer 193I K., manager 97 Johnson & Brown, carriage makers... 200 Milligan, Arthur, importer cigars 120 Jones, J. L.,wood engraver 119 Jones, Samuel, ti: Co., grocers 193 Jorgenson & Samuelson, watchmak'rs and jewellers 13a Miller, Mrs. A. W,, dress and mantle maker 150 Mingay, (>. W., chemist and druggist in Mttcnell, John, Ontario livery stables 1 nu 11 Kay, John, carpets, etc 90 .Montreal Millinery Establishment, Kearnes, W. P., saddle.*, harness, etc 119I Mrs. J. Allen, managvr 180 Kearsey, J. P. fruit, fish and game ... 140 Morrison, James, brass works 159 Keith & t ittsimmons, gas fixtures... 203 { .Morse Scap Co 193 Kent, W. H., locksmith 1191 Morphy, E. M., Son, & Co.. manu King & Vorston, parlor and bedroom suites 180 Kirk, John, tailor,. .._ 109 Knowles, F. M., artist 100 Lackey, Ja.s., Hour and feed 133 Laisterand Co., brewers 933 I.,ancashire Insurance Co. of England 30; Langley, J. C, billiard parlors 134 Lawson, Edward, teas, groceries and confectionery i.,3 Latch, William, hardwood and pine lumber, etc 148 L<'ar, R. H., plumbers' emporium 145 Legal and Commercial Exchange of Canada 189 Lindsay. Henry, teas, cofTees etc .... 100 Little, J. C, cigars and tobaccos 203 Lobb, James, imp. agent, teas, etc.... 149 Lockhart, ^ames & Co., dry goods commission agents. 173 I.,ockington, £., furniture manufact'g iis London Assurance Corporation, A. M. M. Kirkpatrick 170 Longbottom's livery and boarding stables 138 Long & Mogan, house and .sign p'trs. 99 Lowden & Co., druggists' sundries ... 105 Lyman Bros, k Co., wholesale drug- gists 183 Macdonald, John & Co., importers dry goods 87 MacGregor, A., wall papers, etc....... 14 MacUregor, John, barrister, solicitor of the Supreme Court, notary, etc. 188 McArthur, Gouinlock & Co., manu- facturers of hats and caps 301 MahaiTy W. &. Son, carriage makers no Malley, W. H. & Co., real estate agts 177 Manton Bros,, florists 139 Mara 4 Co., grocers. 107 Martin, T. S., tinsmith and plumber. 132 facturersand imp. watches, clocks 156 Morphy & Morphy, stock brokers .... 190 Moses, F., inventor and patentee .... 146 Murdoch t'l Wilson, land, loan and insurance agents 136 .Murray & Gafiiey, plumbers 133 Murray, James, rag carpets., 133 Muskoka Land & Lumber Co 196 Mutton, S. S., & Co., lumber merchs 193 Naftel, W. J. C, market drug store.. 99 New York Domestic Fashion Co., J. M. Might, manager Newsome and Leyden, law and com- mercial stationers, printers and lithographers 150 Norman, A., electrician 134 Norman, T. J., Soho ornamental iron works 134 North American Life Assurance 93 North British tnd Mercantile Insur- ance Co., R. N. Gooch, manager... 197 Noverre, F. A., boat buildt-rl 173 Oakley, George F., gun maker 142 Oakville Dairy, Fred. Sole, prop 199 Obernier, J., Gem Music Store 106 O'Neil, I. N., plumber 142 Ontario Wedding Cake Manufactory, Harry Webb 97 Ontario Bank, C. Holland, gen. man'. 93 Osborne, John, stationery 118 Palmer House, J. C. Palmer, prop.... 96 Paris Kid Glove Store, James T. Dunn, prop 187 Parkdalc Lumber Manufacturing Co. no Parker, Robert, and Co. , dyers and cleaners 135 Park l-ivery, W. J. Munshaw, prop... 93 Patterson, J. W., and Bros., imps. manufacturers tarred paper 93 Paterson, P, and Son, hardw.ire mer- chants 114 Martin Robt. R. & Co., pharmacists 107I Paull and Son, architects 146 ' Pearson Bros., real estate brokers 96 People's Co., M. J. Harney, man 131 Pep'ei J., .-.nd Son, leather findings Mar'.ens, Carl, teacher of music. ... 176 Martin, C. & Co., flags of all nations clothing house 1^8 Martin, Ci. v., saddlery hardware.... 139 and hioes... 198 Ma.ssheder, T., shoemaker i98|Plienix lnsiiranceCo.,Brooklyn,N.Y., Matheson, A., chemist and druggist.. 163' L. C. Camp, Esq., agent 170 PAGR Pcnne* and Peer, com .-nerchants. . ... 146 Phcenix Fire Assurance Co., Lewis and Moffatl. agents g6 Pittman, J., and Co., millinery, mantle and mourning house 184 Porter, A., flour, feed and hay fa; Potter, R., and Co., Imps, furniture, etc 179 Power House, J . Power, prop 118 Powell and Parkinson, I Kiminion Mar- ble and Marbleixing Works 163 Priest, (i. W., teasand coffees, etc 146 Pure Gold Manufacturing Co eii (Jua, F., and Co., toy and games em- porium - 191 Queen City Oil Co. , Saml. Rogers and Co., prop 164 Queen's Hotel, McGaw and Win- nett, props _. 93 Rabjohn, R., brass and iron founder 103 Rathbone, (!., sa.sh, doors and blinds 183 Rawlmne, J. I.oxton, artist 145 Rawlinson, L., cabinet maker 139 Renison House, J. Renison, prop 17a Richards, J. and N., plu'iibers 133 Robertson, James, and Co., Dominion Saw and Lead Works if6 Robertson, Bros., confeutioners, mfcs. 199 Robinson, Bros., house and sign painters 144 Robinson, R., chemist and druggist... 140 Robinson, Charles, and Co., agents Kudge cycles, bicycles, etc 106 Rogers, Joseph, hat store no Kosebrugh, Wm., and Sons, builders' hardware 334 Ross, Alex., Jobber laa Rosenlxrg, S., butcher 138 Kossin House, M. H. Irish, prop 89 Rosar, F., undertaker 193 Royal Canadian Insurance Company 194 Ruse, Charles, groceries, prov., etc... 114 Ruse, Joseph, agent Dominion Oigan and Piano Co 308 Russells, Thomas and Son, watches, cltx;ks, etc 165 Samo, James H., cabinet maker 136 Sawdon, Bros., stoves, tinware, etc .. 138 Scadding, C. A., wood and general engravers, mfrs. of .seal presses, etc. 144 Scheuer, Edmund, wholesale Jeweller 185 Scott 3 187 140 ». PAOK Tayloi and Wilson, cignrmunutacliir's 140 1'aylor, Henry A., ilraper and tailor. 134 Tccuuiteth House, Kennedy, K. H., proprietor m legKi ^'''^' Sarali A., photographer.. 157 Temperance and tieneral Lite Ins Co. 93 'I'eniple, Snuwden, lioutsnnd shoen.... 116 The Central Dunk of Canuda 303 The Lamh Knittina Machine Manu- i facturinft Co., J. M. Staiten, agent 90 7'he Williamii, Green k Rome Co., nianiifaclurer Union Mutual Life In.surance Co 308 V.inderlip, F. U., portrait painter 104 Vernoy. Prof., electricity 135 rAG«| I'AOB Wagner &('o., sash, doors and blinds ijj WiUun and Cousins, brass finishers Waltiin, Chas. A., architect 131' machinists lAo Walker House, David Walker, prop. 91! Wiiideyer and Kalloon, architects ic6 Walton, Patentee of Surprise Wahher Windrum, Samuel R, watches, jewel- and Wringer 173' lerv, etc 113 Wanless, John, & Sons, hardisare i Wintleter, W., l>oot and shoemaker... 137 merchants, etc.... 183 Vorkville anil Carlton brick infg Co.. 188 Ward, (■., inanfg. jeweller 97 Vorkville Laundry 133 Ward, David, Pawnbroker 134' Young and I'illey, provision dealers. .. 137 161 OSHAWA Ward, C, manufacturing jeweller, . WashinRton, James plasterer, etc i63'centr8l Hotel, P.'VlVendinning,' prop. 3i6 Watts, Charles, willow furniture 109, Luke Uros., cabinetmakers and up- Webb, J. R, engraver on wood 131 holsterers. .... aio Welch, A. H., diamond merchant and M„son Manufacturing Co., Geo. H. finejewe lery nianufaclurer... ... 137 Masson, Esq. , president 3.7 Wells, J. D„ Mutual Reserve Fund | Oshawa Stove Co., P. S. Uke, pres. 330 Lifo AMOcialion ^...... ' 3° i South Oshawa Tannei y, Robson and Western Canada Loan & Savings Co. 168 | auchlaml 330 West Toronto Plumbing Works, W. jhe l>ingle Impiement Works"".".::!!;; 331 J. Burroughes '981 Thomas, W. H., livery 131 Western Assjirance Co... 307 Trewin, Samuel, dry goods, carpets. . 319 BOWMANVILLE Alma Hotel, W. H. McOaw, prop. ....115 Mounsall, C, monumental works 313 Ontral Livery, T. J. McMurty 3io Dominion Organ and Piano Co., Far- well, Jesse H., president 314 Henry, R. H., photographers 315 West, )ohnC.,& Co., family medic'ne 139 Wharin, W., k Co., watches, clocks and jewellery 146 Whatmough, J. A., house furnishing hardware 133 Wheaton, & Co., manufacturers of white aresH shirts and hosiery 100 Wheeler & Kain, stoves, lamps, etc... 104 ,, ,„-•,, , ,•. -,- , , ,, > White, Joselin and Co., lace merch'ts 193! McClellanandCo.,cOBl, wood, lumbr 316 Wicks, T. and Son, watchmakers and Morris, James, carriage maker 213 jewellers 107 Murdock Bros., gro-.ers ai6 Williams, Geo., imp. of crockery, etc 109! Jajwon Bros., and Westcott., carnage Williamson, Dignum and Co., imps. I manufacturers^ , 315 of woollens ... ,_ Upper Canada Furniture Company, Willson, A. L".","'aii'd Son! real'Mtate"! 173 ..,''• "• McArthur, maiiaBer.. 3i« Williamson, Mr., sewing machine agt ,,6 Westcott, John, agricultural imp 315 Williams, Howard, felt and slate WHITBY roofer, roofing material ijii King Bros., tanners 233 Whitelaw, N. and K., plumbers 144 1 Patterson and liro., agricultural im> Wilson, Wm., vinegar manufactuier, 301 pleinents 333 INDEX CARD RACK THE LEGAL & CO.MMEUCIAL EXCHANGE OF CANADA. Head Office: Montreai., 163 St. Jamks Strkkt. Fred. J, White, General Manager. Branch Office : 34 Union Block, Toronto St., Toronto. C. J. R. Stirmnc, Manager. See p.ige 189 J. iS: J, TAYLOR, TORONTO SAFE WORKS EsiAULISUEt) 1855. Manufacturers of Burglar Proof Bank Safes and Vaults, Fire Proof .Safes with patent non-conducting steel flange doors. Highest awards wherever exhibited in competition. 117 and 119 Front Street East, - - Toronto. See page 94 KMublinhcd lS7ii. BANKS BROTHERS, Insurance and Estaie Agknts, Rents Col LEC'iEi), Estates Manacei), Mortgages Bought and Soi-d. 60 Church Street, - - - Toronto. Tki.ei'Hone No. 27. See page 174 BAST Eno Brewery LAISTER&Co. Brewers and Maltsters. DARLING & CURRY ARCHITECTS Mail Building, Toronto See pages 303—88 I ^RTI5Tie]7 ESIGhJirJG = 3tSIGfJS \ Fine Pale Ales, Porter, XXX Stout and Bottled Ales. River Street, - - - Toronto, Ont. See page 333 T & J. LUGSDIN, IMPORTING AND J ' Manufacturing Hatters and Furriers, loi Yonge Street. The only medals at the Industrial Exhibition, 1880. THE JOHN ABEI.L ENGINE AND MACHINE WORKS, Queen Street West, near Parkdale. PORTABLE ENGINES, THRASHING MACHINES, CLOVER MILLS, ETC. See page 181 INDEX CARD RACK TAIT, BURGH & CO., WHOLKSAIB STAPLE AND FASCY DRY COOPS, S3 Hay Sirekt, Between From and VVelliiiKlon. Sec page 140 DOMINION LIVERY & HOARDING STABLES Noi. 36 and 38 King Street West, Toronto. CHARLES BROWN, Proprietor. Carriageg, $1.00 per hour ; Victorias and Broughams, 75c. per hour. Holidays excepted. Tblbpiionk No. 123. See page 177 JAMES LOBE, ;6 FaoNT Strkkt East, ToaoNTO, Agent EdvMtrd Jamtt ^ Sttu, Plymouth, England, Domk Black Lead, Washinc: Hluks, etc. Strauss &• Co., London and Bamberg, Bavaria, English ANU FuRBIGN Hers. Teas, Coflec! Mediterranean Produce, Pott>' English Malt Vinegar, Fine Havana Cigars, etc. Lloyds' Agent pom Ontario. See page 149 CHRISTIE, KERR & CO. LUMBER DEALERS, Office : No. 9 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ont. See page 184 R. H. GRAY & CO, Manufacturers and Importers of LADIES' AND GENTS' FURNISHINGS, 9 Wellington Street West, • Toronto. Seepage 1P3 CHINA HALL. GLOVER HARRISON, Impokter of China, Glass and Earthenware, I'lnted and Fancy Ooods ; Table Ciulery, Bust and Parian Marble, Statuary, Bohemian Vases, etc. 49 King St. East, Toronto. See page iii THE DOMINION SAW AND LEAD WORKS. James Robertson ^ Company, metal mekchants and manufacturers 253 TO 263 King St. West. See page 166 JAMES & FURNESS, PRODUCE and COMMISSION MERCHANTS, dealers in Mess Pork, Bacon, Hams, Lard, Butter, Cheese, Eggs, Potatoes, Hops, and all kinds of Produce. 7a CoLBORNE Street, • Toronto, Ontario. or Hops always on hand. Game and Poultry handled in season. Advances made on Consignments. Consignments of all kinds of Produce Solicited. See page 176 T. S. KISHER & CO. Direct Import Agents FoRFKiN Wools and Pickled Sheepskins, 13 Wellington Street East, • Toronto, Reproenling Flsiibr & Co., Fellmongers, I Lailyburn, (ireenock, Scotland. \ fScr page ilj DOMINION LAND, EXCHANGE, LOAN AND INVESTMENT AGENCY. Office : ESTARLISNRL) 1B75. Permanent Buildings, i8 'loroiilo St., Toronto. J. T. OULVEKWEUL, Real Estate Bkokbr, Insurance, General Commiskion and Financial Asenl, Valuator and Arbitrator. Buy, .Sell, Rent, Value and Exchange Houses and Stores, Lands, Alorigages, Stocks, and all kinds orProperly. Loans Negotiated, Capital Invested, Estates Managed, Rents Collected, etc. See page 173 THE TORONTO GENERAL TRUSTS CO 27 and 29 Wellington Street East, Toronto. Authorized under its Charter to act as Executor, Administrator, Trustee, Agent, etc. Hon. Edward Blake, M.P., President; E. A Meredith, Esq., LL.D,, Vke- President ; J. W. Lancmuir, Manager. JACOB HERR, PIANO MANUFACTURED, 90, 92 and 94 Duke Street, TORONTO. See page 101 J. P. SULLIVAN Carriage Works, 14 .nnd i6 ALich Street, Toronto, Manufacturer of nothing but first-class Carriages, Carts, etc., of the latest styles. All orders promptly attended to. See page 139 BETTS' RESTAURANT AND DINING HALL, 51 King Street East, Toronto, Ont. The Most Popular and Reliable 25 Cent Dinner in Canada. See page 116 JAMES MORRISON. MANUFACTURER OF ENGINEERS' AND PLUMBERS' BRASS IVORK And Dealer in Plumbers' and Engineers' Supplies OF EVERY DBSCRII'TION. 75 AND 77 Adelaide St. West, Toronto. See page 159 W. WHARIN & CO. Watches, Clocks, Jewellery and Silverware. 47 King Street West. r THE DOMINION OF CANADA. Dominion of Canada— Hnrve»ti\ig by Improved Mtwhiiwry. _ ^ A BKIKK IJKVIKW, IIISTOKICAI. ANK DEScmi'TlVK, ITS t OMMKIH lAI, AXI> IXDISTRIAL «»• SOfUfES AXn AI)VANTA«1KM, ADAI'TEU H)K THE I'KHfsAL OK CITIZENS, STISAX- QEUH AN'I) TI!AVEL.I.EItH, AND IN t OMMEJlOUATIOy OF TUB VISIT OK THE UltlTISlt ASSOCIATION TO THJi DOMINION." By the Most Hon. the Marquis of Lorne, K.G., etc., etc., etc. bry OuK "Scientists" have shown that they can do more than read " the Testimony of the Ilocks." They can read the sijjns of the times, and lead the way in those social rehvtions which do as much as statecraft to hind commu- nities together. They have given statesmen an example in deciding to hold the annual gathering of the British Association in Greater Britain. They have looked beyond our- own island at the wider fields wlere we have planted the broad territories of our Empire. An invitation to visit Montreal, in Canada, was accepted, and this acceptance has proved that men who lead in much of the intellectual life of England know that "England" is not only that country which lies between the Tweed and the Channel. Wherever the Union Jack Hoats, England lives, and the Thel^tofFortOarry-AMemaitoof r^eiprocal courtesies of the great men of each locality in the Manitoba Rebellion. i r^ j our Empire will serve to show to foreigners that one pulse of patriotism beats in the veins of each limb of our mighty I'nion. As the Silurian and Laurentian rocik-heds stretch under the seas from the mother land to Canada, so do the firm bonds of mutual interest and brotherly affection cause the two peoples to stand together on the ground of a common Imperial origin, a common present purpose, with equal hopes of a profitable and inseparable future alliance. aa 84 TIIK 1>()MI\I()\ OF CANADA. Ah witli Ciiiiiulsi, H(i it in witli our hoiih k>'"wii HtroiiK i» AiiHtriilia niid New /valand. Eni- prcHS of tlio Koutlicrii NeiiH, AuHtnilia in ono witli uh, and nothing hut tlio f^rcatur tiino nccoH- sary for a viHit can Htand in tlio way of a jouMicy on thu part of tlio liritiHli AHHociation to tlio Aiitii>odL-H. Tliis, too, will Ix; overcome; and aH our Soiitliern cousiiiH liavo Hcnt ii.s their ericketei'H, we are bound to send liicin "a repreHentative team " of men who can hit aH liai'«t with the weapons of tiie mind aH can the hatsnien of either country with thu " willow." Hut to say the truth, there Ih a ^reat dual that is trying; to the average human hciuK, even if hu lie a man of science, in the sea journey. The sjtiiit is wiliinj,', hut the ticsh is weak. \ot lon|.r a^o I heard an enthusiastic; Canadian speak to an assemhiy, in the Hall of the So- ciety of Arts, on the suhject of the proposed .Montreal meetin}^. Many of the Hritish Associ- ation were present, and the speaker endeavored to show that the enterprise on which they Diiminion «/ ('(tiiiulti,- (U Tntin, Market Sijnuie, ^V'lnni|)l■<|. Were Iient w;ts a mere trilic in the inatt'T uf cii(lur;iiicc. It was iiotliiii}; ; yet how much the a'ldienco cvidciilly desired tliosii two nolhin^ts in the way of sea Journeys to he over! Yet ho managed to inihue tin; Ircmhlin^ and doiilitful ^eolo^rists with some contidencc. It is natural' that a geologist should like lo lie on land. What can hu do with his hammer at sea? The ])lanks of the deck may he interest in;; to a hotanist; liut nothing ahout tlu; ship can in- terest a ^'eolo;^ist, unless it, he tlic irun in tiie cnyine-rooni. And, from the contemplation «)f that, thoovil smell must hanish him. Hut tlii! meteorologist, the niatliematician, and men- following l)hysical scientilic study, may linil interest ami amusement in tlio various prohlema suj^'^csted hy the hu^e machine whii h so re^idarly hcNvts out its path over the swiiiKiiifj Witters. Yes, it was evident, that amont; that audience tlici(! were some inspired with hojio tli;it even the .Mlantic would not he so terrihlc. So tlu; orator conlidently he^an. " Tins voy- age is after all not lon^. The ships iMlniiyin;; to the* Allan and Dominion Lines are maj^nif- iccnt, and most comfortahly jiroviilcd in accommodation, in foo seventh you will be beyond the Hanks of New- foundland, 'j'licn in th(\ .Straits of Helleislc you find shelter. During the remaining two or three da.ys you will Iks in smooth water. (Quebec will be reached after a quiet time in the Kulf <»f the river, and you will walk to land and take the rail, and the superior cars of the (irand Trunk Kailway," Yet of one featun' — a chilly one, certainly. althouKh not likely t(» be seen in the late sum- mer passa^^e— we should speak. This is the iee on the Atlantic. This is either Hoe ice whielk THK DOMINION OK CANADA. :w ilriftH from tlie frozen ht'H^H of tlio I'oliir Sea, and Ih only met in Juno by the HttiumcrH, or it. i8 the l)cr|{ it'o Itroken oil' from thu ^risit (rlacicTH of (■rccnland and tiio h'mU (M)aHtH around Haf- lin'H Hay. In Hprin){ tiiu puHHaKu tlirou^li ItelloiHio jh lull of tloatiu); piecoH, and I li.-ivu isoen an iccl)urf{ gi'oundetl theru even in NovenilKir, its wliitt; ^liHteniuK Hides rutlectod in a deep indigo Hea, widlu its cold peak Htood t'oitli in Htron}; relief u^aiuHt the li^ht HatTion of n Hky dyed with tlie reflei^tion of the suuHet. It was a late eonier from the tall ice elitfs, which, driven downward and hhoreward hy the prcHHunt of tlie fro/«'n inland inaHKcs, lire.'ik otT in iintnenNU fra^mentH, and topple ov<;i' into tin; ocean currentK, to he carried hy them southward until melted hy the sun's heat, and the warmc^r waters alonj^ tlie coast of the I'nitcd States. The houlderH'which strew tin? sides of the channt^l of the .St. Lawrence, as well as every ledj^e on the flooFH uf the ocean, have hoen carried hy such a}{«;n<'ies of ice and current, and often when Dominion of Caruuht—Lumlii-r huhiHlrieH—llmUinij hogs. 8um- Iwhiclk I •I? the rivers hreak theii winter ii to avoid thcni. Hut even a I'ollision with one of tlietn Ih not ontui^h to orean problems and look at the shores of Lal>rador or Newfound- land. Those of the northern land are low, those of the southern island bold, indented, and picturesque. It was upon these that the gaze fell of the first European who discovered the New World, when Eric the Red's son. Lief, coasted along them in his Norse galley in the days when, as Humboldt says, " the Caliphate of Bagdad was still flourishing under the Abbas- Bides, and while the rule of the Samanides, so favorable to poetry, still flourished in Pensia." Nine hundred years have since come and gone, but these shores remain as they were, for the thick woods of light flis are uncleared, and the deer on the land, and the seals, the white por- poises, and the wild fowl of the waters have almost as " good a time " as they enjoyed in those old days. Newfoundland still receives with loyalty a Governor sent out by the Old THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 37 Country, instead of following the example of the Provinces of the Dominion, which, with equal loyalty, receive a Governor nominated as the representative of monarchical democracy by the Canadian Government. For two terms she li.as had the happiness of having a distin- guished sailor and colonial statesman, namely, 8ir John Glover, to jireside over her councils. !Sir John has lately returned to his first transatlantic love after a brief connection with a group of the fair West Indian Isles. As all the world knows, he was to have led the expedi- tion against King Cotfee in Ashantee. But at the eleventh hour a change in the views of the military authorities of England took place, and Sir Garnet Wolseley with regular troops was sent out, leaving to Sir John Glover the task of making an attack to divert the attention of 4 Dominion of Canada— Rideau House, Ottawa, Residence of the Governor-Oeneral. the enemy by a parallel march with his gallant black "Houssa" levies. The part thus allotted to Sir John Glover he undertook with the greatest success, but at one point of the m.arch Fortune seemed to declare against him. A native chief living some distance up country swore that he could not provide the necessary transport. It was well known that he was perfectly able to do so, and after a conference which had proceeded uselessly for a whole morning a flat refusa' was given by the black sovereign. Sir John's ire was ud, and he rose, and with dignity and precision hurled at the dark dignitary a rough chair on which he had been sitting. It caught him in the right place, and in two hours the necessary number of porters were ready. This story, like many another, became distorted in the telling of it. Sir John was nominated for the Newfoundland Governnieiit, and some one in England wiote to a friend in Newfoundland, saying, " Look out for your next Governor, for he is not a man to be trifled with. He knocked his last Prime MiniMer down with an armchair!" 38 THE DOMINION OF CANADA. As Sir Jolui is now in calm water in his gubernatorial armchair, and wo have accompanied the British Association into the smooth waters of tlie Gulf of St. Lawrence, this point of the journey Ik not a bad one for considering the political character of the country whose waters we have entered. We may travel on land from any point on the right or left bank of the sea- like river until we find ourselves on the Pacific coast, and yet we shall always bo under the Union Jack with the maple wreath on its blue field, and within the Canadian domains. The whole of this enormous territory is divided into Provinces, whose limits are probably not all permanently fixed. For instance, among those which originally formed part of the Coilfedjeration, it is possible that Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, or one of them, may amalgamate with Prince Edward Island. Again, in the iiewly-settled country of the Central Continent great spaces have been provisionally named, but as time fills them with poople Dominion of Canada- Osgonde Hall, City of Toronto. thei;- bounds may be found to be ill-set, and a readjustment may be made. On the other hand, it is curious to observe with what tenaiity the acver.il States of the American Union, whether they be small or big, have kept to the original lines marked out for them when much of their land was unexplored forest or unknown prairie. The Americans gave in the begin- ning the title of "Sovereign" States to the members of their Union, and it was a moot point whether a State had or had not the right to secede from the Federation, disastrous as such a proceeding must prove to national life. That point was settled in favor of national autonomy by the Civil War which raged between the North and South from 1861 to 18(15. The Cana- dians when they drew up their scheme of Federation were careful to eliminate as far as pos- sible the dangers which might spring from weakness of the Central Power. They provided fully for local rule and for a National Government. Each Provincial (rovernment was given full power to make laws for the educfition of children, for the manner in which property should be held and devolve, and for the raising of revenue for local purposes. But it is not allowed to any but the National Power to alter the Criminal Code, which is uniform through- out the Dominion. No individual Province can arm and maintain troops, lay on export and import duties, control navigation, or make a railway beyond its own borders, without Federal authority. THE DOMINION OF CANADA. The Union was not brought about in a day. It was tho rcHult of long and anxious uiscus- cion. It was born of the necessity to have greater common strength, not against au enemy, but against the impotency inseparable from disorganization. Railway and navigation works were wanted, and isolated colonies could not execute them. But there was much opposition. Many in the French Province did not like the plan, fearing that it niiglit diminish the security of the Treaty rights of the French for the preservation of their laws, language, and institutions. Nova Scotia, too, had a strong party against the proposal. Prince Edward Island only joined her sisters after they had joined hands, and Newfoundland has consiH- ontly kept to her resolve to remain alone. But the rights of all who joined, or may join, are carefully guarded. Quebec was m,ade the " Pivot Province," in that she had a certain number of representatives, and the rcpresentiition of the others was based on the numbers Dominion of Canada— Winter Amusements— Faiicy Dress Skafinr/. «he sent. In Sir John MacDonald's words, spoken in ISC)."), " The whole thing is worked by a simple Rule of Three. For instance, we have in Upper Canada one million four hundred thousand; in Lower Canada one million one hundred thousand. Now the proposition is simply this: — Lower Canada has a right with one million one hundred thousand to sixty-five members, how many members should Upper Canada have ? Tho same rule applies to the other Provinces, the proportion is always observed, and tho principle of population carried out If an increase is made in the numbers in the House, Lower Canada is still to be made the pivot on which the whole calculation will turn." But all these safeguards could not prevent misgivings among some of Quebec's worthiest sons. Their feelings were like those which prompted the old Scottish peers at the time of the Union with England. It was, in their fears, "the end of a noble old song." "Confederation," said one of them, "only exists as a scheme. But when the different Provinces sh.all meet in the Federal Parliament as on a field of battle, when they have there contracted tho habit of contending with each 40 THE DOMINION OF CANADA. other tu cause their own intcresto, ho various and so incompatible with each otiier, to ])revai], and when, from repetition ot this undying strife, jealousy and inevitable hatred shall have resulted, our sentiments towards the other Provinces will no longer bo tlio same ; and should any great danger, in wliich our safety would depend upon our united condition, arise, it would then, perhaps, be found that our Federal Union had been the signal for our own dis- union." Such gloomy views were met by the firm and confident language of another French Canadian statesman. " If we remain alone," he exclaimed, "we can aspire to no position, we can give rein to no ambition, as a people. We have at the present time as many systems of judicature as we have Provinces ; with Confederation, on the contrary, this defect will be removed, and there will be but two systems, one for Lower Canada, because our laws are different from y Dominion of Canada— The University, City of Toronto. n those of the other Provinces, because we are a separate people. . . . There are also now as many different tariffs as there are different Provinces — as many commercial and customs reg- ulations as Provinces Currency and the interest of money are also regulated by different sys- tems m the several Provinces. But with Confederation all these matters would be under the control of one Central Legislature. . . . There is another alternative that is proposed to Con- federation — annexation to the United States. I do not believe there is a single member in the House or out of the House who would consent to the annexation of Canada to the United States. 1 now come to the other alternative proposed — that of independence. Men may be found, both in the House and out of it, who will be disposed to say that we had better have Independ- ence than Confederation. For my part, I believe that the independence of the British North American Provinces would be the greatest misfortune which could happen to them; it would be to leave us to the mercy of our neighbors, and to throw us into their arms." The tone of 'nis speech was in complete harmony with that which was delivered by Sir John MacDonald. " If we wish," he said, " to form a great nationality, commanding the respect of the world, able to hold our own against aii opponents, and to defend those institutions we prize ; if we wish to have one system of government, and to establish a commercial union, with unrestricted Free Trade, between the people of the five Provinces, belonging as they do to the THE DOMINION OP CANADA. 41r y same nation, obeyin^^ the same 8ovei'ei(;n, owing the Hamc allegiance, and being for the most part of the same blood and lineage; if \ve wish to be able to afford to each other the means of mutual defence ,and support against aggression and attack, tliis can only be obtained by a- union of some kind between tb.» weak and scattered boundaries composing the British North American Provinces." And later, in the same speech, he continued, " I am strongly of opin- Sn that year by year, as we grow in population and strength, England will more see the ad- vantage of maintaining the alliance between British North America and herself. Instead of looking upon us as a merely dependent colony, England will have in us a friendly nation, a subordinate, but still a powerful people, to stand by her in North America in peace and in war." And now, in looking back upon this speech, it may be well to remember that Lord Derby, speaking in 1884, said that he did not know where the public man could now be foiuid who- would venture to propose the separation of the colonies from the mother country. Already,. le Dominion of Canada— Mail Train from Selkirk to Winnipeg. • therefore, the prophecy that the tying together of the separate sticks into one faggot would provide fuel for patriotic ardor among the colonists, and respect in the motlier country to- wards her great dependencies, has i)rovcd true. Canada presents to the world the spectacle of a united people, d.aily and hourly growing in strength and union. Her alliance will soon be a prize, her dependence is a lessening fear even to the most nervous and responsibility-hating politician. In her institutions she has kept to the model shown by the three kingdoms. There is the representative of the Sovereign in the (Tovernor-General, who is bound to be a Constitu- tional ruler, giving to the Ministry, representing the majority of the House of Commons, his loyal support. It is his duty to use his moral influence with his Ministers for what he con- ceives to be the public good ; but his opinions as expressed to them must remain unheard be- yond the Council Chamber. Where he sees danger to the Imperial connection, it is also his- duty to make known his views ; perhaps, if occasion require it, to a larger audience. There is- a Senate, having the attributes, but hardly the strength, of the British House of Lords; and there is the People's Assembly, the House of Commons, chosen by a low i)ut not by a univer-^ sal suffrage. The number in the popul.ar House is at present 212. The debates in the Com- mons display great talent, and among no section of the population is forensic ability more- 42 THE DOMINION OF CANADA. frequently shown than among the French Canadians. Lawyers and pliysicious are perhaps in a majority in this assembly, and it is said that when one of the members fainted on the floor of the House* one half of the representatives of the people rushed up to render him tlieir med- ical assistance! Most of the Provinces have two Chambers, although the most populous, namely Ontario, is content with one. The nation represented in these assemblies will have a wide continuous belt of populated territory stretching right across the continent. The only sections where their numbers will be sparse are those also which are strong in defensive posi- tions, and in the difficulties the country presents to an enemy as well as to the swurniH of set- tlers. These two tracts are, first, the region along the north of Lake Superior; and, secondly, that where the triple cliains of the Rocky Mountains, the Selkirk and the Cascade ranges shut out from the mild Pacific coast the severer temperatures of the central continent. If we compare the capabilities Canada shows for the possession of a continuous belt of population from sea to sea, with the capacity of any given belt belonging to the United States, and stretching across from the Atlantic to the Pacific, we shall find that the comparison is favorable to the Northern land. Although what the maps call "the groat American Desert" has been proved to be in many places cap.able of set- tlement and cultivation, yet there arc vast spaces on .iny given line from east to west in the United States which cannot be i)rofit- ably used. There is an aridity which delies the agriculturist, if be cannot procure water suflicient for irrigation. There is nothing more curious in the physical i)roblem8 of any country than that furnished by some of the great. i)lains of America. It seems as though the whole surface was being raised and desiccated. There is evidence enough that in remote ages there was an abundance of water in these parched regions. To the south the sands of New :Mexico, Southern Cali- fornia, and Arizona are the sands of an old sea bottom. In Wisconsin the country, now "bare .and dry, shows the traces of many lakes ; and innumerable mounds, the work of old ■dwellers in the land, prove that numbers of human beings lived, worked, and died on the ■enormous steppes. On the other hand, to the north, while the same process of the raising and drying of the land is evidently in progress, it has not proceeded so far. There are dry, cactus- covered plains along the frontier of Assineboia, the central Province of the Canadian North- West; but as soon as the Saskatchewan valleys are reached, and in general far to the south of this limit, the moisture is evident in the luxuriance of the grasses, until beyond the North Saskatchewan the moisture is great enough to support the dense growth of fir forest which clothes in a wide flat arch the whole of the country below the sub-arctic circle. Therefore, through an almost unbioken belt, the Canadians have a territory which should support 40,000,000 of people. It has a varying depth of from 450 to 100 miles, and in all parts of it the climate has been proved to be most healthy. Little was known of the Northern New World until a comparatively recent date. Within Lord Lansdowni', Governor-General of Canada. T I THE DOMINION OF ( ANADA. the memory of middle-iiKvd men Chicago was the frontier post of civilization. Maps com- piled by Frencli H;ooi,'riipher« in the Hcvunteenth century >;iive np all the iiuintry we8t of llud- Hon's Uiiy to an imaginary and indellnite ocean. Around thin EngliHhniun placed " New .South Wales" and "New Caledonia," while no one disputed that " New France" was all the .St, Lawrence valley. To he sure the New Englanders did not like this, anil were determined to alter it if possible, but they never succeeded in doing so. in maps of the time of William ,ttnd Mary you will still see that everything to the north of the Gulf of California is marked as unkuowiu On the Tacilic the ignorance of California was so general until recent years that when in 184)» tlie hrst strong inllux *)f Americans took place into that State, men in New York derided the tolly of friends who proposed to settle in that " unprolitable wilderness!" Dominion of Canada— House of Parliatiient from the Kiver The land which is far to the north of California, namely, llritish Columbia, is one of tlie best valued of the Canadian States. France has become too Parisian, or she might have colonics. But she loves the Boulevard, hides even the street view with trees, and shuts up the end of the vista with a museum, or a monument to national glory. She plants out her view of things at home, and she does not plant herself abroad. This is a mistake. What she could do if she were not always turning to the looking-glass she showed in the sixteenth and the early part of the seventeenth cen- turies! Then she sent her people to subdue the earth. They began the work, and have con- tinued it. but the mother country again took to the looking-glass, and in her vuontemplation of herself forgot her children. They did not at that time contribute to her menus plamm, which might occasion a fresh wrinkle, so they were congeed. But what gallant children they 44 THE DOMINION OP CANADA. weru who thus remained f oi-Hnken, yot fortunate ! The naniuti of tlio llrst pionecru, Huldiera, and martyrs of New Franco will be oh honored an are those of the early warriors and Haints of the Frankisli kingdom. . . . Around a headland to the south lies the Bale des Chaleurs, so-called because it was in tho hot July of 1534 that Jacques Cartier cant his anchor in the Basin of (Jasiii''. In the following year he ascended to Quebec and Montreal. Nearly eighty years afterwards tho same track was followed by Champlain, while other adventurers, notably Do Monts, made thcniHclves at home in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Tlie advent of the first farnu-r who befjan to sow and reap in the new land, by name Louis Hcbort, took place in 1017, and four years later matters had so far progressed that a register was opened for births, marriages, and deaths. The Church was ever in the skirmishing line of the .advance, ordering, regulating all enter- prise, and working for the good of tho native and of tho invader. FcH" a long while ." Canada" was the Province of Quebec only. Then when the present Ontario became peopled, " Upper Canada " wu.s the name .she received, and these two large Provinces were governed .sepa- rately from the maritime Provinces. Where all the English-speaking com- munities are devotedly loyal to the Imperial connection it is ditticult to specialize the patriotism of lany in an especial degree. But it should al- ways be remembered that Halifax, St. John in New Brunswick, and To- ronto were founded by men who went there because they were British loy- alists. These cities began their exist- ence in the sad days when the Amer- ican colonies revolted against the abuse of the right claimed by Eng- land to tax her dependencies. It was natural that she should imagine that right would remain to her for a time, for she herself had poured out blood and treasure without stint in defending her chil- dren against tho French. Aid was never lacking from the mother country, and she reaped the benefits of this in tho devotion of many in New Engl.and who, in spite of the arbitrary measures adopted by the Government at home, clung to the old connection, and would hear of none other. Persecuted, insulted, and banished they fled northward, and it is to their spirit wo owe the foundations of that loyalty which England has since known wisely to cul- tivate. In 18.37 the French Canadians,, with reason, demanded a wider constitutional privi- lege than they possessed, and this was practically secured by the measures taken after the mission of Lord Durham. To Lord Elgin must be ascribed the credit of having in time of trial and provocation resisted the party which would have made him go back from the doc- trine of Ministerial responsibility. He faced a riotous mob in order to give Executive sanc- tion to the measures of his Government, and from th.it day pure constitutional Government, and with it a freedom unknown elsewhere on the American continent, has found its home in Dominion of Canada — The St. Fove Monument. i THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 4ft CanMla. From th»t time (;roat wiirktt have boeii undertaken by ii people rocoi^nizinK ouch year more uihI more the necesttity und une of union. The Intercolonial Hailwiiy, liindinf^ Nova Seotiii und New Hrunswiik to Quebec; the (inind Trunk, travorsinx a great part of the older portion of the country, and having itt« termini in the American cities of Portland and.Chicugo, with other lineB, have been undertaken by the young nation. ImmcnHc labor has been be- stowed on the creation and deepening of canals and river idiannels. The i)rosperity of the country antl its vast undeveloped resources have combined to attract omigrants to nn extent heretofore unknown. Tlio numbers of the emigrants have risen of late from 4(),(HM) per an- num to 10(i,»HH) and i:i5,(H)0. Our cnterjjrising neighbors, the Americans, have of course a far larger share, which nobody grudges to them. Not 1< >ng ago a United (States ofhcial whose patriotism had outrun his dis- cretion, was anxious to make it appear by his subordinate's returns that the Canadians wore all running away from their own territories, and were passing over at Detroit to Uncle .Sam's embraces. Yet the numbers who passed over steadily diminished, and the patriotic otticial's wrath at his m.an's reports increased. " There were less this year, sir." "No. no, you fool, there must he more." *' There are still fewer now!" '"What, ycni don't mean that there are even less women - and children?" "Yes, sir." "Well, then, if there are none, you must make Camula-Wintn- Amit^emeiits-Snow-Hhoeing by ih,.mUght. them up in your report." And " made up " they were — on paper. The infant colony did not get through its early years without trouble. The New England- ers were the bitter foes of the French, who at lirst had the best of it in many a tussle. The Indians usually sided with the Catholics against the Puritans, and their aid was very material assistance. In the maritime Provinces the Acadians could make no siu^cessful head, but Louisburg remained a tower of strength, and a rallying point for the French, until the year before the fall of Quebec. Numbers were, however, greatly on the side of the English. In 1689 the Iroquois Indians proved that they could hate all white men impartially by perpetrat- ing a terrible massacre i.t Montreal. It is related that the savages crossed the river during a great thunderstorm at night, and put to death man, woman, and child. More happy in 1690 the French of Quebec managed to defeat Admiral Phipps, who, in his retreat, was overtaken by a tempest, and only regained Boston with half of his armament. Wiuthrop, also atlvanc- ing upon Mflhtreal, was compelled to give way, and liy the Treaty of Uyswick. France became mistress of Hudson's Bay in addition to her former possessions. History repeated itself iu n 46 THE DOMINION OP CANADA. the ux|)c«liti(>n of AilmirnI Wiilker, wliimo veHHelH were limt on Ekk IhIiuuI, ii Hpot viHiblo on fleur (liiyH from the Htvnmer. Even now bnllH and ciuuiou of tlieHU shipH are HomvkinieB re- covvred from the grim, liouldor-tttrown nortliurn cliannul of the river. There wah war again in nti, u war wliicli waH to he continued witli brief intervalH until the little army of Wolfe carried Loiiinliurg by anHault, and then Hecurod ijuebec by the memorable battle cauHing it» surrender in I7>'>l). The entrance to the Siigueney iti viHible from a great diHtance, and an oxcurHion up itH deep gorge, Iiemmcd in by the roundetl mountainH, iu well worth the two or threa days which should l)c given to it, nor should the tcr than the 8t. Lawrence, into which it leads. At the mouth of the iSagueney the first Canadian church wa» built, and a military post cstablishe*!. And now, in our ascent of the river, we see the mountains plainly on the northern side, and :j).?H f iW* j i U ^ d ^ , Dominion of Canada— Winter Amxtsementa — Tobogganing. the stream is only a few miles wide. Presently it narrows, where a long, low, green island fills its centre. This was called the " Isle of Bacchus " by the first explorers, because it was full of wild vines. When this has been passed, a fine view opens of Quebec on its headland, parting the valleys of St. Lawrence and St. Charles. The massed buildings of the city crowd the steep slope, which descends abruptly into the water, that bears a scattered freight of ship- ping. On the southern bank there is a considerable town, called after Montcalm's lieuten- ant, the Marquis de Levis. Here the steamers disembark emigrants, and the passengers desir- ous to proceed by rail to Montreal. But it would be a sin not to see Quebec at closer quarters. The points of greatest interest are the following : T\ a Dufferin and Durham Terraces give a walk with a view which is one of the " great views of the world." Athens, Prague, Edin- burgh, Salzburg, Venice, and Quebec have, perhaps, the most beautiful sites; and travellers will agree that the last is not the least in possessing the attributes of grandeur. From this ter- race a circuit should be made along the " Old Town Lines "—ancient embrazured defences, THE DOMINION OF ('AN A DA. ' •till Bbowing tho cuiiiionof ti punt aKv poiiitect to tlio u|>pi-unfhuH by which iiHHtuiltH woiu made it) the liwt cuntury. If hucIi u pruniciiiulu bu tukuii, tlic totiriHt will piiMM tlio wiii^ *>t' tiiu old C'hiiteau du Ht. Loui», where dwelt tlie French Uuvernurtt iiiul Cuiiimuiidi-r8, and puHMJiiK the PoHt Ottiuu, sbuuld nt/tu u curiuuH Htuno inlaid iu tho new wall — u tttonu which came frum an old building, and whoue Htury furniH the mutive of u charminK novel, written by W. Kirby in EnKliHh, called the "Cliien d'Or," a book which Hhould bo bought an*l read at Cjuebec. Tho ArchbiHhop'ti Tahvce m a goodly pile of stone, wherein Hvch the Prelate, who most worthily repreuentH a Church which governH the conmience of an hardy, pure, and happy a population aH exiittH anywhere in the fold of the Catholiu Communion. I'he I'alacc, a. great Heniinary, and aUhilace. There are interesting institutions and goods shoi>s to be seen, notably the fur store of Uenfrew, where a souvenir of Canada in the shape of a '' robe" or article of any kind of ''ir may be obtained at a reasonable price; but the great attraction of tjuebec is outside of the city, and lies in the drives which may be enjoyed around it. The i>icturescedenee means absolute rank in the State, and not, as in England, a social and lictitious precedence. The lawyers, French and English Canadian, soon determined that the claimant had a right to the Barony, but old French usage only proved that a Baron and Seigneur had the privilege to receive first at the hands of the priest the ccmsecrated bread in the Sacrament if the church he attended was upon his property. What w.-vs the place of a proprietor with the title of Baron at the French Court THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 4» re ry Canada— Ifome of an Early Settler. could not be ascertained. In England place was given to him, and on one occasion he was ranked with Imperial Privy Councillors, but Canadian rule must regulate (Janadian place, and this gentleman, worthy in all respects of his distinguished ancestors, remains titled, but with no additional step in social status. I'crhaps ho felt that it was more dignilied to receive noth> ing but what was undoubtedly his own. Between Quebec and Montreal there is little to arrest attention. Lake St. Peter spreads its broad expanse between the Hat and fertile farm lands of the upper portion of the Province, and a deep channel is dredged in its shallow bed to ensure the safe passage of trans- Atlantic stcamer.s. With Montreal only need we now concern ourselves. This city is the bourne to which the members of the British Association were bound, and from which we may hope that they returned happier, although it would be difhcult to imagine them wiser, than before. The town is noticeable from a dis- tance by the cloud of smoke rising from its factories, and on a nearer approach i« seen to line with handsome stone-wrought wharves the river bank,> while the houses extend far along the shore, and are spread to the foot of a wooded hill, which rises a mile from the river, solitary and picturesque, a main feature of the thirty-mile-long island on which the city is built. The most conspicuous features among the buildings are the two towers of the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Notre Dame. It is worth while to attend one of the great choral services to hear .the magnificent bass voice of one of the singers belonging to this church, and to sec a typ- ical French-Canadian congregation. As more than 3000 can lind room on the ample floor, and in the galleries, a better opportunity cannot be found. There are many Irish in Montreal, and tlioy manage to succeed as well as most people. Here, as elsewhere in America, they prefer town to country. It is to be observed that in San Francisco some of the ridicst of the citizens are men who came to the Golden Gate with no advantage but their native wit to back them. The edifice which interested the British Association's members the most is perhaps one of the newest — the Museum of the M'Gill University, where an excellent collection of the native fauna, conchology, and geology has been well arranged under the auspices of the learned Principal Dawson. The specimens shown here and at Ottawa of the EoziJon Canadrnse, a coral, supposed to be the earliest created thing preserved to us in the rocks, will arrest at- tention. Look also for the charred remains of the grain used by the Red Man who inhabited the palisaded circular Indian town of Ilochelaga, where Montreal now stands. Compare the carvings of the pipes and pottery of these aborigines with those from other parts of America, and notably with the remarkable work of the Pacific Coast people, whose wood-cutting and shell inlaid work remind one at once of tlie trophies of the Now Zealanders. Principal Daw- son is himself a Nova Seotian. and many of the fine plants and ferns of the coal measures have been personally selected from that province, and brought for oxliibition by liim. The great nunneries are ni)t, of course, open to the public, but visitors may see the excel- lent girls' school at Villa Maria, where the nuns have many hundreds under their charge, and in the Hotel Dieu the hospital is a model of cleanly and careful tending of the sick. Some of the citizens' houses are suni]>tuous. and pleasantly situated, but there are none fur- nished better than the big hotel— the Windsor — which is one oi the best houses of entertain- ment on the Continent. The St. Lawrence Hall is .also a good house, kept by a gentleman who was well known to all army olHcers in the days when two or tliree British regiments were permanently quartered at Montreal. But as in Quebec, the ciiief attractions are the J 60 THE DOMINION OF CANADA. places outside the municipal boundaries. What mure beautiful drive can be had than that around " the Mountain" or that to Monklands, or along the strong-flowing St. Lawrence to- the village of Lachine, passing on the way the wooded islands which listen all the year to the rush of the Rapids, and are the favorite summer picnic grounds of the citizens ? Engineers will admire the constructive faculty of Stephenson in the Victoria Bridge, but the party which goes up river to take the steamer to run the Rapids will almost be sorry when it ap- pears ahead, for it tells that the last and heaviest Rapid has been passed by the steamer, and that the pleasant excitement of a day passed amid all the appearance, and with none of the reality of danger, is over. It is not long ago that vessels of the size of thos-i which now run down these water stairs and up, about 300 tons, represented the tonnage of the ships which could reach Montreal from the sea. The channel was so shallow and tortuous that it was dangerous to bring bigger ships to the port. Now many are to be seen at the wharves of from 1000 to 6600' tons. The commercial capital of Canada has only about 180,000 inhabitants, and it is fortunate for the country that the population is so largely rural. Ottawa, the political capital, is so easily reached by railways running on either side of the Ottawa River that no visitor to Montreal should grudge the day or two Jays necessary to see a place which has year by year an increasing interest. It is the home of sawdust and of Civil Service. Fine Parliament and " Departmental " buildings rise on a bold cliff overlooking the wide river, which narrows where the stream gushes over a steep ledge of rock forming the Chaudifere Falls. The waters led into the mills above these falls drive many saws, which cut into planks the rough logs felled in the northern forests and floated down to this point. Im- mense piles of planking wait their turn to be demolished by embarkation in the canal boats, which take them to Montreal, or through the artifici.al water channels of New York State.^ The demand is enormous, and the supply is still ample ; but evciy ten years sees a decrease in the " square timber," and "lumber" must gradually rise in price, as tlie forest sources from which the best of it is obtained diminish in area. It is during the winter, when the plank-cutting is no longer sending wood-dust to float on the stream, and when the woodmen arc all away felling trees in the distant north, that tlie Parliament assembles. The Houses usually sit for about three months. Everything outside the well-lighted Legislative Palace is muffled in white snow. The stars sparkle at night through the keen clear air, and when during the day the thermometer is very low you see all the smoke rising from chimneys of the city like white steam. Most exhilarating is it to drive over the snow in such air, whether in starlight or bright sunlight, with the sleigh bells ring- ing a delightful chime on the horses' backs in front of you. An eminent Canadian statesman is reported to have denied that there was any pleasure in this, but he has been too patriotic to publish his opinion. Therefore, with the indiscretion of a Briton, I give it. "There is nothing particular," he is reported to have said, "in the sensation of sleighing. You can have it any winter, anywhere. All you have to do is to open a window on a frosty cold day, seat yourself in front of it with your feet in a tub of ice-cold water, and then have a small hand bell rung somewhere in front of your lap. There you have the pleasure of sleighing." To others this seems severe. But the statesman whose remark it was is the most high- spirited and happy-minded in Canada. Nevertheless, ninety-nine people in a hundred will disagree with him when this topic of Canadian conversation is introduced. A room which does not give room enough to its contents, namely, that containing the models for patents, gives an idea of the variety and number of inventions protected by the sensible Patent Laws. Instead of a payment of 100/., as in England, a Canadian patent may k THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 51 1- be procured for from 101. to 201. A model is deposited at Ottawa, and the collection of tbeae, though badly housed, is most interesting. If possible, the visitor should also ask to be shown the department where the surveys of the new lands opened up in the north-west are being digested and reduced to proper size and position in the great Government maps, which show how much land has been " taken up," and how much at any given time remains " the gift of God to the people," as Mr. George would say. The Canadians and Americans fully realize that land is " the gift of God to the people," but, oddly enough, the first thing the people, as represented by their freely-elected Government, do with it, is to sell it to that terrible monster — the individual becomes a land- owner, and the more of them there are the better, say this irrational people, who have found out to their cost the expense of managing any property otherwise than through the agency of "the individual." Govei'nnient management, such as the "nationalization of land" would entail, would mean its management through an anny of officials, changed with the varying changes of political life and its attendant i>atronage. Canadians tried to manage the making of railways in such fashion, and were very glad to get rid of the incubus when they could, and they are too wise to deluge their landownership with the evils of an unnecessary bureaucracy. Whenever Mr. George's adherents are strong, they must explain how they wish to manage the management, that is, how they could " nationalize" land without creating a host of expensive otHm mmmm mmmmmm mmmmmmmm 62 THE DOMINION OF CANADA. copper to the earthen rocks in which largo percentages of the same is found. A small tray ■containing "arquerite," or an amalgam of silver and mercury in lozenge-like pieces is in- teresting as again demonstrating British Columbian treasures ; but the pui-e ore of mercury, the red, close-grained, heavy stuff which delights the heart of the Californian miner, haa aot as yet been discovered in Canada in quantities that would repay the working of it. The coals from the mines between Medicine Hat and the Kocky Mountains display an ever- increasing excellence as the hills are approached, until in one glen anthracite itself has cropped up in a thick vein. Nothing can exceed the importance to the welfare of the North- West of these discoveries. But we must " hurry up," and need not delay in looking at the Governor-General's house, which is hideous but very comfortable. Its only beauty lies in the endless happy memories associated with it in the minds of those who, in being privileged for a time to take part in the rising national life of a people destined to be great and strong, have found their duties become pleasures through the hearty manner in which their efforts to further the desires of the people have been met and recognized, with an unbouuding and unfailing generosity of ac- knowledgment. If the .iourney to Ottawa has led the traveller up the river, he should go to Toronto by the Bideau Canal to change his route, and get an idea how, by joining lake to lake, long stretches of water communication may be made available for the transit of goods. The lakes in the au- tumn are pretty enough with their colored fringe of trees, and after a day spent among typical scenery, tlie tourist can find good accommodation at Kingston, a charming little town, the training-place of the young officers of the Canadian militia. Here again the Grand Trunk Railway is met, or the steamer may be taken to Toronto. The same place may be reached from Ottawa by rail vid Brockville. If further time can be given, a run up the Canadian Pacific Railway from Ottawa to Lake Nipissing will well repay the trouble of the journey, for the scenery of the Upper Ottawa is very fine. Of Toronto so much has been. said that one feels tempted to leave local description to local books. Its situation is pleasant enough, close to the blue waters of Ontario, and having at its back and along the shores a fine country, full of apple and peach orchards, while the cli- mate is far milder in winter than that of Ottawa, and in summer has a tempered heat from the great I ly of fresh water so near at hand. Dr. Scadding in " Toronto of Oli! " has well portrayed its early history when " muddy little York " was the home of the United Empire Loyalists driven from the United States. The railway, unfortunately, runs along the lake, preventing any pleasant " Strand " .street, and spoiling, as it does at Genoa, the access to the shore. Here, as at Fvinj^ston, the French were first in the land, and the place is mentioned in old reports of skirmishes with Indians and English. Yet there are men now alive who are old enough to remember hearing when the first buggy was driven through the streets, which are now broad, woll-paved, and lined with houses, giving evidence of all the jirospority of a pushing and thriving commerce. To- ronto had its troubles and excitements during the American War, and not far off, across the water, the battle of Queenstown Heights gave the British General Brock a grave, and the Reg- ular and Provincial troops a well-earned victory over an enemy strongly posted. A less agreeable reminiscence is the indecisive fight between a greatly superior body of Fenians .and a Toronto battalion in 1800 near the AVoll.md Canal, when both sides, after firing much, retreated— the Fenians to Fort Erie, the Toronto men towards tlio Canal. The object of the Canadian attack was attained, for the cutting of the Canal, which was the object of the invaders, w.is frustrated. Several gallant youths belonging to the University were killed. f i THE DOMINION OF CANADA. S8 and a monument in the pleasant and shady park attests the respect of tlie citizens for those who were foremost in giving evidence at that time of the i>atriotic spirit which animated all Canadians. Osgoode Hall, where are the Law Courts, is a fine building worthy of the learned Bar which meets there, and of the ability of the judges who preside over the Provincial Courts. It was named after the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada, and is memorable to me for an imposing ceremony in which Mr. Blake, the leader of the present Opposition in the Federal Parliament, and one of the ablest lawyers in the Dominion, welcomed in an impressive speech th« American Secretary of State, Mr. Evarts. That remarkable statesman and orator delivered to the assembled company in the Library a most eloquent reply, dwelling on the part taken by the exponents of law in tlio affairs of nations, and emphasizing his hearty de- sire — a desire for which Mr. Evarts, through his high official position, was able often effect- ively to labor — for the continued harmony and good understanding bet'veen the United States and the British Empire. This reception was one of the historic events which will live in the memory of the men of Toronto, where politics are as eagerly pursued as are the material gains of trade, and where neither the one nor the other i.s able to efface a love for letters, learning, the arts, and the sciences. AVhen the University is visited the Obscvatory of the Federal Government for Meteorology should not be neglected, for from such headquarters come the "storm warn- ings" which so wholesomely affright our sailors, keeping them to safe ports, and giving them warning of tempest. Dr. Carpmel is at the head of this establishment, and it is the only one which is very well provided with instruments and house space, being better even than that at Washington in this respect. Dr. Daniel Wilson, the author of many learned and excel- lently-written works, such as " Old Edinburgh " and *' Primieval Man," and Dr. Hutton, with many able men, are Professors of Toronto University, a seat of learning daily growing in pop- ular favor, and destined to be the Metropolitan University of Ontario. The buildings are good, but will need enlargement, if we may judge from the ever-increasing number of stu- dents. There are colleges affiliated to the University, and King's College, Trinity, and others, attest the powers the denominations possess in attracting to special establishments the sons of those who fear to embark their offspring on the unshepherded fields of University life favored by the Scots and Continental systems. There is a little room at the end of the gallery of the Museum which, by the favor of Professor Wilson, may be entered. In this is a remarkable collection of the crania of the aborigines. The men who built the wonderful mounds, shaped in spherical heaps, or in circles or squares, often having mutual geometric proportions; or in long waving lines, suggesting the outlines of beasts or of serpents; have here their heads exhibited to the phrenological connoisseur. The nomad Red Indian of the plains, the buffalo hunter of the present day, may be seen grinning from the same shelf with the Pueblo or sun-burnt brick builder of the New Mexican steppes. There, too, are the skulls of those who in other times erected the stone dwellings in the ledges overhung by the stupendous cliffs of the sierras; and, more curious than all, the deformed brain coverings of the modern and ancient tribes who practised, and still practise, the flattening of the skull in infancy. This is a custom which is known to have had its Asian foreruimer, and on the Pacific shore is yet the mark of dignity inflicted on tho child in its cra- dle. A board is placed across the forehead until the crown of the head becomes like a Lon- don grocer's sugar loaf. If America and Canada can offer no ruins to the curiosity of the traveller, these countries liave in the remains of the ancient rr.ces an archaeology mysterious and wonderful. One comforting reflection may be gathered from the silent growtli and decay of so many tribes, leaving but little mark, and having found on the northei-n continent but little temptation to i ww.'.jm.' 54 THE DOMINION OF CANADA. an abiding home. Tlio thought is this : That our own forefathers in Britain left even less, before the days of the civilization imported by the Komans; and although the North Ameri- can tribes were not allowed by the waves of warfare to leave much except their bones, those bones prove that all the races which ro " i t ^ MiaK^ — THE DOMINION OP CANADA. 6T 1 4 •work were nearly tlrowned. The place is a good lieadquarterH for the Mounted Police, whose scuttorec^ detachments arc wanted ovorywhcre for the "regulation" both of white and red men. Near Medicine Hat, at the crossing of the South Saskatchewan, as well as at Keglna and Calgary, the travellers will have a good chance of seeing some veritable Indians, either of the Cree or Blackfoot tribes. They are having their native virtues and costume rapidly rubbed off of them, and an opportunity to sec some of the last relics of savagery should not bo lost. In 1881 there was a camp on the How River which had lill the ancient characteristics, and Avas quite unspoiled by modern costume or custom. Hide tents and plumed ar.d half-naked war- riors were to be seen as in Catlin's illustrations, but it is to bo feared tiiat they will already have deteriorated in appearance. But any disappointment felt in the natives will bo anii)ly made good by the pleasure of a sight of the view of the Rocky Mountains from the country around Calg'^rj. This, with the view from Quebec, will live forever in the memory, as what is most l)cautiful on the journey. I shall not at- tempt to describe it, but lot no one go back from Calgary without entering the great gorges of the mountains. A day spent within sight of thom will repay all the dis- comforts of the voyage and of the long journey. Besides the trip to the mountains, members of the Association were tempted by proposals to go south to see some of the American cities. Philadelphia espe- cially has, we believe, a meeting of "scientists;" and Boston is not, after all, "a'farcry" from Montreal. The Technical Colleges of the United States are an improvement on the German idea for snch instruction, j»nd the institution at Boston is mag- nificent. The journey from St. .John in the I'rovince of (/nebcc. througli the New England States, tcikes one through pretty scenery, and in hot weather the advantage of the seaside cannot be gainsaid. If it be desired to know something of our maritime Pi'ovinces, the "Intercolonial" Line along the St. Lawrence; then across the hills to the Bay of Chalcnrs ; and southward by the sea-coast towns of Chatham and Newcastle, to Truro, Amherst, and finally to Halifax, exhibits beautiful country. The geological interest of the Nova Scotian and New Brunswick littoral along the Bay of Fundy is great and varied. Good inns are to be found all over these long-settled Provinces, and in a day you may visit from Halifax tlie charming " Valley of Grand Pi-^," the scene of the opening action in Longfellow's "Evan- geline." riominion of Canada -Rafiing Lumber. BB IBBI i wm 5* 1 ■?!^BB'^!W^a^BS;» DOMINION OP CANADA. 89 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY-HISTORICAL REVIEW, MANAGEMENT, ETC. Amonc; the officials who have blen prominently connected with the Grand Trunk Railway since l86i is Mr. Joseph Illckson, the General Manager. This gentleman was born in Otterburn, Nor- thumberland, England, in 1830, and entered the service of the present Northeastern Railway Co. when a boy, and by his industry and care worked his way up to the principal aRcncy at Carlisle, and eventually became assistant to the General Manager of the M., S. & L. Ry. In 1861 he came to Canada, having been appointed Chief Accountant of the Grand Trunk Railway, afterward became Secretary and Treasurer, and eventually in consequence of his great executive ability obtained the position of General Manager in 1874. When Mr. Hickson assumed the management the total amount of the mileage operated was 1383 miles, which has grown during the last decade to 2950.9 miles. The following arc the principal statistical and financial details of the Grand Trunk Railway: Lines of Road— Portland, Me., to Detroit, Mich., 861 miles; Niagara Falls, Ont., to Windsor, Got., 229.50; Fort Erie, Ont., to Glencoe, Ont., 145; total length of all lines December 31st, 1884, 2950.9 miles. On August I2th, 1882, the G.-and Trunk Railway Co. and the Great Western Railway Co. were consolidated under the name of the former. The Grand Trunk Railway Co. was originally chartered in 1851. Opened from Portland to Montreal in 1853; from Richmond to Quebec in 1854. The division from Montreal to Toronto was completed in 1856, and that from Toronto to Sarnia in 1858. The line from Montreal south to the Province Line was brought into use in 1853. The Eastern E.\tension was opened from ChaudiiJre Junction to St. Thomas in 1855; to St. Paschal in 1859; and to the Riviere du Loup in i860. In 1879 the extension to the Riviere du Loup (124.25 miles) was sold to the Colonial Government, and the transfer made August 12th, 1879. In the same year the Grand Trunk Railway Co. acquired by purchase and construction a line between Port Huron, Mich., and Chicago, III., about 330 miles in length. This line comprises the old Chicago and Lake Huron R. R. (including the Chicago and Northeastern), 281 miles ; the Chicago and Southern R. R., 20.50 miles, and new construction, 28.50 miles. For this acquisition and other purposes the Company issued first ■mortgage six per cent twenty-year bonds to the extent of ;^i, 240,000 The whole line was opened i Februaiy 8th, 1880. The Company has also by subsequent agreements obtained cuimo' of the Port | Dover and Lake Huron(63 miles); the Stratford and Huron (27.50 miles); the Montreal and Cham- • plain (23,50) rniles ; the Michigan Air-Line (36 miles); the Grand Trunk, Georgian Bay and Lake '; Erie (91 miles); and the Montreal and Champlain Junction (6.50 miles). The Great Western Railway Company was chartered March 29th, 1845, and the several addi- tional lines as follows : Gait and Guelph, February 9tli, 1852 ; Hamilton and Toronto Ry. Co., No- ; vember loth, 1852; the Sarnia Ry. Co., .Vpril 26ih, 1S53; the Canada Air-Line (Glencoe Loop) Ry, j Co., December 24th, 1869; the AUanburg Branch Ry. Co., May 26th, 1874. The main line was com- | pleted January 57th, 1854; the Hamilton and Toronto Railway was completed December 3(1, and the Sarnia, December 27th, T858. The bianch to Gait was opened August 2ist, 1S54, and was extended to Guelph, September 23th, i3?7. It was operated under lease until January 31st, 1879. The Air- ! Line (Glencoe Loop) was opened in 1873, and the AUanburg Branch which connects it through the 1 Welland Railway with the Suspension Bridge, in 1875. | By the terms of the consolidation the United Company assumed all the resources and liabilities -^ ■of the two companies, the capital consisting of two classes, viz., the Grand Trunk capital and the | Great Western capital. Any increase of capital made by the United Company to consist of seventy | per cent of such increase to the Grand Trunk and thirty per cent to the Great Western Railway Co. ^ The net revenue between the two classes of capital shall be divided at the rate of seventy per cent to i the Grand Trunk and thirty per cent to the Great Western. Should the thirty per cent of net reve- | nue appropriated to Great Western capital of any year be insufficient to pay dividends on the stock t at the rate of five percent on preferred and three per cent on common, the amount necessary to make | such dividends good shall be taken from the seventy per cent paid the Grand Trunk. J Rolling stock, December 31st, 1883: Locomotive engines, 665; cars — passenger (first-class, 341; , second-class, 197), 538; baggage, mail, etc., 163; freight, box, brake-vans, 333; goods, 11,097; cattle, 1126— total, 12,556, platform, 3601: grand total, 16,157. Also, 43 snow-ploughs. j Operations for year ending 31st December, 1883: Train-service — passenger, 4,152,897; freight, 7,263,341; mixed, 2,215,874 — total, 13,632,112 miles. Passengers carried, 4,755,821; freight moved ; 5,510,794 tons. [Statistics for 1884 were not completed when this article was put in type. — Ed.] 10 DOMINION OF CANADA, Earnings: Passenger, freight, mail and express, miscellaneous— ;f 3, 600. 156 a/. g> 35 Roiish's I'oint Brancli— Montreal, Que., to Itijusu's Point, N. Y 50.0 Montreal anil Champlnin .Tunotion Division— Kt. Lamhcvt. Que., to Mooer's Junction, N. Y 44.3 Montreal anil Sorcl Hranch— St. Lambert to Sorel. 4U.:) St. Martini' Uriuich— St. Isidore, Que., to Fort Cov- inRton. N. \ ."iO." Buffalo iiiiinoli— Stratford, Out., to Tlnffalo, N. Y... 115.0 Gait Brani'h— nei-lin, Ont., to (ialt, Out 13.5 Godericli Hranch— Stratford. Ont.. to Uodericli, Ont. 4.5.5 Georgian Hay and htate Line Division- Port Dover, Out., to Wiarton, Ont 167.5 Durham branch— Palinerston, Ont., to Durham, Ont 20.0 St. Mary's Branch— London, Ont., to St. Mary's, Ont 22.0 Michigan Air-Line Divislou— Ridgewoy, Midi., to JacUson. Mich. . 10C.5 Midland Division— Toronto to Midland 13H.0 BlacUwater to Port Hope 75.0 Bethany to Franklin 4.0 lAkefleld to Peterboroupch 9.0 Whitby to Manilla Junction 83.0 Lindsay to Haliburtoa 5U.0 PetcrborouBli to liolleville. 66.0 Total C,nun\ Trunk Division S,I49.4 LINES OF GREAT V.'ESTERN DIVISION, aiuu. Main T^inp-Ningara Falls. Ont.. toAVindsor. Ont... 229.5 Loop Lino— Fort KHc. Out., to Glencoe. Ont 145 Toronto Braneh—Hainilton, Ont., to Toronto. Ont.. 39.0 WclliiiK'ton, (trav and Bruce Division— Harrisburg, Ont.. to Soiiihanipton, Out 189.0 WelllnKton. Or»y ami Bruce South Extension— Palinerston. Ont.. to Kincardine, Ont 67.0 London. Huron and liriicc- Division— Hyde Park Junction. Ont.. to WliiKbani Junction. Out 0S.8 Sarnia Division- Komoka. Out., to Sariiia, Out 51.0 Pelroiia Briiiicli— Wyoininp:. Out., to Petrolia. Ont. .5 Lundoii and Port Stanley Division— Port Stanley, Ont.. to London, Ont 28.9 Brantford, Norfolk, and Port Biirwell Railway— Tilsonburg Junction, Out., to Harrisburg, Ont. 42.7 Tc/tal Great Western Division 801.8 RECAPITULATION. Total Grand Trunk Division 8,149.4 Total Great Western Division 801.9 Grand Total 8,930.9 DOMINION OF CANADA. LOWEST AND HIGHEST PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR FIFTY-EiaHT YEARS— 1825-1882. (Compiled from the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury for 1863 ami 1873, the Commercial and Financial CbrunW cfe, Reports of the K. Y. Chamber of Commerce, and the 'S, Y. Shipping List and Price Current.) The following table, carefully compiled fi-om the sources indicated, takes the prices of the twelve months In eaeb year, selecting the highest and lowest quotation for each article. It is to b3 understood, where no mention of qualltf^ iB made, that the price quoted is for the cheapest grade of each commodity. The prices are those of the New York market. Tear. Beef, Mess. Butter. Cheese. Coal. Anthracite. Coffee, Rio. Com. Cotton, Upland. Flour, West. Bi.1. lb. ~Tb. Ton. lb. Bush. lb. fibi: "IbT" L. H. L. H. L.' II. L. KT L. H. L. H. L. H. L. H. L W $ cts. Ota. $ Cts. CIS. Cts. $ cts. 1825... 800 10 00 8 22 6 10 800 11 00 16 1^ 42 75 18 27 3 25 4 26 7 11 1826... 800 10 00 13 18 6 12 11 00 12 00 14 17 62 83 9 14 4 25 5 76 8 11 1827... 8 50 9 75 12 22 6 10 10 50 12 50 14 15 64 75 8 12 4 37 660 10 12 1828... 8 60 10 00 13 18 4 7 10 00 12 00 12 15 46 62 9 13 4 56 800 8 11 1829... 8 00 10 50 12 16 4 8 10 00 12 00 12 13 48 64 8 11 600 8 87 9 10 1830... 7 62 10 00 12 16 5 8 700 12 00 10 12 48 66 8 13 4 76 600 9 11 1831... 7 00 9 25 12 18 6 8 6 00 900 10 13 54 75 7 11 600 7 25 9 11 1832... 8 37 10 75 12 18 6 7 850 16 00 12 14 50 87 7 12 6 60 700 9 11 1833... 8 50 11 00 14 20 6 9 5 50 10 00 IL 14 65 86 9 17 5 60 650 8 10 1834... 8 50 10 00 12 17 6 9' 5 60 6 60 11 12 63 75 10 16 4 81 6 75 8 10 1835... 8 75 13 60 13 22 6 9i 6 60 9 00 11 13 70 1 12 15 20 6 37 7 87 8 12 1836... 9 26 13 60 10 26 7 12 700 11 00 11 13 83 T 12 12 20 6 87 10 26 9 17 1837... 1100 16 00 12 24 7 12 860 11 00 9 12 1 00 1 15 7 17 700 11 62 9 16 1838... 14 00 16 00 17 27 fi 10: 7 00 9 50 9 12 76 1 00 9 12 700 900 10 15 1839... 12 60 16 00 12 25 8 12 6 50 900 9 12 76 98 11 16 5 75 9 12 10 14 1040... 9 75 14 75 12 21 6 9 6 00 850 9 1% 46 63 8 10 4 62 6 50 4 10 1841... 700 10 25 8 15 3 7 6 50 900 9 11 47 81 9 11 4 68 7 50 4 9 1842... 6 26 8 25 9 15 6 9 600 900 6 10 64 68 7 9 4 26 6 37 4 9 1843... 600 8 37 6 11 4 6 4 50 600 6 9 48 60 6 8 ^.43 5 62 3 9 1844... 500 6 75 8 14 3 7i 4 25 6 00 6 7 43 54 5 9 4 25 600 3 9 1845... 6 50 9 75 9 17 6 8| 4 50 6 00 6 8 46 86 4 9 4 31 700 5 10 1846... 6 25 850 10 17 6 8 5 00 700 6 8 55 80 6 9 4 00 600 5 11 1847... 8 25 13 75 13 22 6 8 5 00 7 00 6 8 64 1 10 7 12 6 50 8 25 6 m 1848... 7 76 13 00 13 20 6 8 460 6 00 6 8 52 78 6 8 6 25 6 62 6 11 1849... 8 76 14 00 10 18 6 7 500 6 00 5 10 67 70 6 11 4 93 6 12 6 11 1850... 800 9 75 12 18 4 8 500 700 7 14 65 72 11 14 4 93 6 25 6 11 1861... 7 60 9 75 10 18 4 8 4 25 700 7 11 53 68 8 14 4 00 5 12 7 11 1852... 8 25 17 00 16 29 6 9 5 00 7 00 7 10 62 78 8 10 4 25 6 00 8 10 ia53... 7 00 11 25 13 24 8 10 5 00 700 8 12 64 82 10 11 4 87 7 50 8 10 1854... 8 00 13 00 15 24 6 12 600 7 50 8 12 76 98 8 10 7 25 10 75 7 11 1856... 8 25 14 00 17 28 6 12 6 60 7 50 8 12 93 1 16 7 11 7 60 10 18 8 11 1866... 800 12 00 13 28 6 11 5 60 6 50 9 12 48 94 9 12 6 20 8 31 9 11 1857... 950 15 00 16 28 5 14 600 700 10 12 71 98 13 16 4 25 6 70 6 10 1858... 900 12 OU 13 25 3 10 600 6 00 9 12 58 1 03 9 13 3 75 6 25 9 13 1859... 5 00 9 75 14 27 2 11 6 25 5 50 10 13 76 1 05 11 12 400 6 60 9 12 1860... 460 5 50 10 21 9 12 5 60 6 00 11 15 64 95 10 11 4 25 6 50 10 18 1861... 500 6 25 8 22 2 10 4 20 6 00 11 17 48 74 11 28 3 90 6 66 7 11 1862... 600 10 75 10 26 4 13 4 25 8 50 10 33 60 75 20 68 4 20 6 86 6 9 1863... 600 9 00 14 30 8 16 7 00 11 00 26 33 68 1 23 54 88 6 10 800 6 8 1864... 500 16 00 21 48 12 27 900 16 00 33 52 1 26 1 97 72 1 90 7 15 11 75 11 17 1865... 900 14 00 20 38 10 16 860 13 50 21 22 70 97 33 1 22 5 00 8 80 11 23 1866... 11 00 21 50 25 60 6 23 850 13 00 18 21 80 1 32 32 62 6 25 11 70 11 22 1867... 12 00 28 00 15 48 7 20 6 50 8 6017 19 1 00 1 40 15 86 6 25 11 30 10 16 1868... 11 00 24 75 28 60 7 19 6 60 11 5016 17 101 1 41 16 33 5 60 9 75 11 18 1869... 5 00 16 50 16 55 11 23 650 10 50 11 13 76 1 16 26 35 4 95 640 17 24 1870... 500 16 00 18 46 6 18 4 60 850 11 13 76 1 15 15 26 4 60 6 05 9 14 1871... 800 18 00 12 42 6 16 6 00 13 00 12 17 65 90 15 25 460 700 6 18 1872... 400 12 00 20 39 10 19 3 76 6 26 16 19 61 80 18 25 5 25 680 6 1878... 800 12 00 18 50 8 16 6 00 6 50 19 23 50 77 13 21 4 62 7 25 5 10 1874... 8 25 11 60 18 39 12 17 4 66 6 5616 28 63 84 15 19 4 25 700 8 11 1875... 8 00 10 00 17 28 9 16 4 40 6 6517 21 49 76 13 17 400 660 9 11 1876... 8 60 11 00 16 33 8 13 3 76 5 5516 20 88 49 11 13 400 600 7 18 1877... 9 50 11 25 13 24 8 16 3 25 3 7515 21 41 58 11 13 4 75 800' 10 14 1878... 9 00 13 50 6 20 3 14 3 75 4 50 14 19 45 60 9 13 8 75 5 50 7 12 1879... 9-50 11 00 l)i 241 5 13 2 15 8 25 13 17i 44 64 9i 18i 3 60 6 40 7 12. 1880... 9 00 11 75 10 25 6 13 2 25 8 75 14 18 44 68 H 14 8 80 6 85 8 18 1881... 9 50 18 00 12 30! 6 14 4 00 4 65 lOj 141 48 76 n 18 4 10 6 66 9i 14 1883... 11 50 16 00 16 38i 9 13 4 40 4 76 um 63 109 IH 13 4 65 8 75 11 16i DOMINION OF CANADA. 6» LOWEST AND HIOHE8T PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOB FH-TY-EIOHT YEARS— 1825-1882. (CBOiiriled from the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury for 1863 and 187S, the Commercial and Financial Chn>nl> ae, Beporta of the N. Y. Chamber of Comrosrco, and the N. Y. Shipping List and Price Current.) NOTB.— In tl.e American Almanac and Treasury of Fact^ for 1878, pp. 278-9, appeared a table of prices compileA on the iMisis of the average price of each article in New York, the Ist of Jiinuary of each year. Such a table, however useful, fails to give the data which ore imirartaut in forming a judgment of the whole range of prices for each year. The following lAble, carefully complied from the sources indicated, takes the prices of the twelvo months in each year, selecting the highest and lowest quotation for each article. It Is to be understood, where no mention of quality is- made, that the price quoted is for the cheapest grade of each commodity. ''' Yean. Fork, Mess. Rice. Suit, Liverpool. Sugar, Raw. Tobfic- ; CO, Ky.l Wheat. I«af. ; Whiskey. Wool. Bbl. 100 lbs. Sack. lb. 1 Bush. Oal. Ih. L. Jl. L. H. L. //. L. H. L. H.\ L. //. L. u. "/.. U. \> If % cts. eta. 1 % Cts. cts 1825 12 00 14 75 200 40(] 2 37 300 6 11 3 9i 75 1 06 25 31 30 88 1826 10 00 12 00 200 3 87 2 12 2 60 6 10 3 8; 84 1 02 26 36 28 38 1827 11 25 15 25 250 400 2 15 2 85 6 10 3 6! 90 1 25 25 85 20 80 1828 12 00 15 00 250 400 2 25 3 25 6 10 3 6i 95 1 62 20 26 20 30 1829 11 00 13 75 250 3 75 2 12 3 00 6 9 5 7i 1 00 1 75 20 26 18 27 1830 11 00 15 50 200 3 50 1 75 2 20 6 « 3 7 1 00 1 15 21 32 16 30 1831 12 00 15 25 260 4 00 1 75 225 4 7 3 61 1 06 1 35 27 37 2*) 36 1832 12 50 14 25 2 75 4 25 1 75 250 5 7 3 6 1 12 1 35 26 35 20 86 1833 12 50 17 00 2 75 3 75 1 60 200 5 9 3 8 1 15 1 28 29 36 27 35 1834 12 75 15 00 2 25 3 62 1 40 1 80 5 8 4 8 1 02 1 10 20 29 25 35 1835 13 50 18 60 2 75 4 50 1 47 2 25 6 9 6 11 1 04 1 50 30 38 25 40 1836 18 00 30 00 3 00 425 1 60 2 12 7 11 6 10 1 37 2 12 31 44 35 60 1837 16 00 24 50 3 12 5 00 1 20 2 62 5 8 3 9 1 55 2 10 20 48 28 50 1838 16 50 25 50 3 25 5 37 1 62 2 37 6 8 4 13 1 35 2 00 30 43 28 40 1839 14 50 23 50 3 00 5 00 1 44 2 12 6 8 8 16 1 15 1 37 28 40 37 40 1840 13 00 16 00 2 75 4 00 1 40 1 75 4 8 3 16 95 1 25 21 30 20 35 1841 8 75 13 50 2 87 4 12 1 40 1 98 4 7 4 14 90 1 50 19 25 20 30 1842 6 75 10 25 2 00 3 31 1 37 2 25 3 7 2 9 83 1 30 16 21 18 22 1843 7 50 11 50 1 87 3 00 1 35 1 62 3 1 52 5 7 2 7 84 1 20 18 24 17 24 1844 8 50 10 25 2 25 3 62 1 25 7 2 6 82 1 12 21 29 25 87 1845 9 25 14 12 2 02 4 75 1 32 1 47 3 7 2 7 85 1 40 20 28 24 30 1846 9 62 13 37 2 87 4 50 1 25 1 50 5 8 2 7 80 1 35 18 25 18 28 1847 10 25 16 00 8 25 13 75 1 20 I 5C 5 8 2 8 1 05 1 95 24 34 22 30 1848 90C 13 00 7 75 13 00 1 25 1 65:10 15 3 8 95 1 40 21 27 20 30 1849 9 87 14 25 2 25 3 50 1 20 1 40 4 6 3 9 1 20 1 35 20 28 25 32 1850 10 00 11 87 2 25 3 37 1 15 1 75 4 7 5 14 1 09 1 50 23 27 30 35 1851 12 06 15 50 2 75 3 12 1 02 1 60 4 6 3 14 93 1 22 20 27 30 41 1852..... 14 62 19 75 2 75 500 1 05 1 55 3 5 3 9 1 03 1 15 20 25 26 42 1853 .•Mil. 13 00 19 75 3 37 4 50 1 12 1 62 4 6 4 10 2 22 1 80 22 82 38 44 1854. — 12 12 16 00 4 12 4 62 1 47 1 70 3 6 5 11 1 75 2 50 26 41 25 40 1865 12 50 23 00 2 50 5 87 90 1 22 4 8 6 13 1 96 2 80 30 43 24 84 1856 16 25 21 00 3 62 4 87 80 1 05 6 10 6 16 1 30 2 17 25 36 30 88 1857 16 50 25 70 3 25 5 37 70 84 11 7 20 1 25 1 95 21 37 30 44 1858 15 35 19 00 2 75 3 75 62 80 5 8 6 18 1 20 1 50 21 35 27 82 1859 14 00 18 12 3 00 4 50 75 1 07 5 8 4 14 1 30 1 65 23 29 34 45 1860 16 12 19 75 3 00 4 62 68 1 15 6 8 3 13 1 35 1 70 19 27 34 40 1861 12 25 18 00 3 00 7 25 50 95 4 9 3 16 1 20 1 60 15 21 22 45 1862 11 00 14 50 6 62 7 75 85 1 52 7 11 6 30 1 30 1 55 19 39 40 65 1863 11 50 18 2.5 3 75 8 50 1 20 1 70 7 14 8 36 1 25 200 44 78 62 80 1864 19 50 43 25 7 00 15 50 1 75 3 50 11 25 8 55 1 72 2 75 60 2 03 75 L 10 1865 19 00 31 50 9 75 14 00 1 55 2 50 11 17 7 45 1 25 1 88 1 92 2 26 70 77 1866 21 18 33 55 11 50 15 25 2 50 4 10 10 15 8 18 2 20 3 45 2 00 2 33 25 27 1867 18 90 24 10 8 50 12 50 2 CO 2 75 9 10 9 16 2 30 8 40 2 10 2 32 25 87 1868 21 10 29 50 8 25 11 25 2 50 2 60 9 12 8 15 205 3 25 91 2 30 34 87 1869 26 50 33 37 7 25 10 00 2 50 8 00 9 13 8 13 \% 2 18 90 1 14 32 36 1870 20 00 30 00 5 50 9 50 2 40 3 25 9 10 7 12 1 90 82 1 05 34 45 1871 12 85 23 00 6 75 9 75 2 80 3 25 7 10 6 11 1 45 2 00 85 95 32 63 1872 12 80 16 00 7 50 9 50 2 80 3 25 7 9 9 16 1 66 2 10 82 91 45 67 1873 13 00 19 00 7 00 9 50 3 00 3 50 7 9 9 16 1 55 2 25 80 1 05 35 57 1874 13 85 24 25 6 75 10 00 1 10 3 00 7 8 7 25 93 1 35 92 1 03 36 48 1875 18 00 22 75 6 50 8 50 1 15 2 35 7 9 9 28 92 1 37 93 1 19 38 48 1876 15 70 22 37 500 7 50 1 15 260 7 10 7 10 84 1 27 1 04 1 10 25 43 1877 11 75 17 37 5 00 7 00 1 10 2 50 7 10 7 16 1 06 1 85 1 04 1 09 82 48 1878. . . . 8 25 13 00 5 50 8 00 1 10 2 50 6+ 8 4f 7 83 1 31 1 03 1 14 20 83 1879. . . . 7 80 13 75 5 GO 7 25 1 40 2 60 9 4i 7+ 1 10 1 66 I 05 1 17 27 60 1880. . . . 8 20 14 00 5 75 8 00 1 85 2 75 6+9 4* 7 1 12 1 60 1 06 1 17 26 60 1881.... 12 75 20 00 5 00 7 50 95 2 25 6 8J 5* 12 1 14 1 56 1 18* 1 20 21 47 1882. . . . 10 2.5 24 00 5 25 8 50 1 00 2 20 6 7i 5J 9 1 03 1 48 I 11 1 18 37 4» / «4 DOMINION OF CANADA. LOWEST AND HIGHEST PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOB FIFTY-EIGHT YEARS— 1825-1882. These tables of prices have been compiled upon the basis of selecting the leading articles «ntering into general consumption, whether as semi-luxuries or the necessaries of life. The prices quoted being those of the New York market, still wider variations would in some cases have been exhibited if other markets, near the centers of production of some leading staples, had been col- lated with these. The tables exhibit the violent fluctuations of the civil-war period in the United States — 1861-65 — and the years of expansion immediately succeeding, in contrast with the general decline of the past few years, which has not yet reached, however, save in a few articles, the mini- mum prices which prevailed before the war. Ycur. Hops. Iron, Bar. Iron, Scotch Pig. Lard. Leather. Hem. Mackerel, No. 1. Molasses, N. 0. Oats. Lb. i Ton. Ton. Lb. Lb. Bbl. 1 Gal. Bush. L. ir.\ A. Jf. L. IT. L. C 7 7 7 6 4 5 8 6 7 7 7 11 6 7 8 7 6 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 9 9 9 9 9 10 8 10 10 8 7 9 //. ts. 10 9 10 9 6 13 11 10 11 9 11 17 15 15 15 12 9 8 I 8 11 9 8 7 10 12 12 11 12 14 16 12 12 13 10 10 12 24 29 22 14 20 21 18 13 10 9 16 16 14 10 L. Ji. L. jr. L. H. L. /f. 1825 1820 1827 1828 Cts. 13 25 10 25 8 18 5 10 4 11 10 15 8 17 12 37 17 38 10 20 11 19 12 17 5 9 4 17 15 18 18 62 12 40 10 16 6 12 7 lo 12 S3 11 35 8 15 3 7 6 17 8 19 24 m 17 47 18 40 22 40 5 27 4 13 3 12 4 10 8 18 6 25 6 3:> 12 23 15 30 20 52 10 65 25 70 40 70 5 55 8 28 3 27 8 65 20 75 35 55 22 45 15 45 16 37 10 32 5 12 6 45 7 55 12 »() 17 1 13 85 00 85 00 77 00 77 50 72 50 72 60 70 00 70 00 71 00 67 00 07 50 75 00 85 00 85 00 82 50 70 00 60 00 60 00 55 00 57 50 62 50 75 00 70 00 50 GO 40 00 40 00 33 50 34 00 55 00 62 50 55 00 50 00 52 00 44 00 42 50 41 00 38 00 5') 00 65 00 105 00 100 00 94 00 80 00 80 00 85 00 70 00 70 00 85 00 75 00 55 00 50 00 40 00 44 80 43 50 45 00 45 00 53 75 56 00 120 00 100 00 95 00 82 50 82 50 77 50 80 01) 35 00 60 00 60 00 50 (0 40 00 40 00 40 00 > 75 00 70 00 55 00 55 00 55 00 50 00 47 50 47 50 47 50 48 0f» 42 50 02 50 70 00 55 00 45 00 40 00 37 60 35 00 32 00 35 00 52 60 42 60 42 50 37 60 27 50 24 00 25 00 31 00 38 00 42 50 37 00 37 00 37 50 27 00 31 50 27 00 24 50 33 00 45 00 80 00 Ct 21 18 17 18 18 18 10 17 16 14 14 14 15 10 17 17 19 16 15 14 14 11 11 12 13 14 13 12 17 18 19 24 25 21 20 20 17 20 26 31 30 30 28 25 28 27 26 27 25 28 27 21 23 s. 25 24 24 24 23 22 24 25 20 10 20 23 24 2"-' 25 22 22 20 18 17 16 14 18 16 17 17 16 18 21 25 5 00* 4 50 4 75 4 75 4 87 5 00 5 50 4 75 6 25 6 00 00 8 00 8 00 10 50 12 00 11 00 12 00 8 00 7 02 9 75 11 50 8 37 8 12 7 00 8 12 8 50 8 50 8 37 11 50 1.1 VI If 5 75 5 75 6 12 6 60 6 00 6 37 6 75 6 50 7 00 6 62 8 25 10 62 10 75 12 18 14 62 14 50 14 75 12 25 11 00 12 25 14 00 13 60 11 76 11 00 13 50 12 60 11 75 12 60 16 00 19 00 22 00 23 00 22 00 14 00 16 75 18 60 14 76 16 60 18 50 28 00 25 00 26 00 21 60 22 60 28 00 30 00 27 50 25 00 24 00 22 00 24 00 23 00 15 00 20 00 20 00 20 50 20 00 22 00 C 28 28 31 30 27 28 25 26 27 27 26 32 32 28 26 20 20 16 18 27 22 22 30 20 20 22 28 27 26 19 23 42 35 28 36 38 30 32 35 65 65 66 65 60 65 05 50 48 61 60 64 60 40 36 33 31 48 58 ts. 43 36 39 36 33 33 34 35 36 31 36 48 46 45 36 30 28 24 31 31 37 34 38 28 32 33 33 35 33 29 40 75 80 52 51 55 55 55 62 1 25 1 50 1 25 1 20 1 05 1 05 1 20 75 86 97 85 80 68 59 C( 26 42 31 24 27 26 27 38 30 28 33 40 40 25 30 24 37 25 27 27 29 28 39 32 33 37 65 75 41 45 42 35 40 40 36 37 30 37 53 86 45 55 67 Nom 62 52 42 42 42 38 30 28 ??l ts. 40 66 37 1829 46 1830 40 1831 48 1832 7-0 ()()! 40 no 56 1833 75 00 75 00 75 00 105 00 105 00 97 50 95 00 82 50 75 00 02 60 00 00 05 00 85 00 80 00 77 50 70 00 65 00 45 00 41 00 55 00 75 00 77 50 05 00 05 00 62 50 55 00 60 00 44 00 50 00 70 00 76 00 37 50 87 60 38 00 38 00 40 00 37 50 37 50 32 50 32 00 23 60 22 50 30 00 30 00 35 00 30 00 25 00 22 50 21 00 19 00 19 00 28 60 32 00 26 50 29 00 28 00 22 00 22 00 20 50 20 00 21 00 ^9. m 48 1834 48 1835 75 183G 1837 ?5 75 1838 60 1839 60 1840 43 1811 50 1842 58 1843 34 1844 37 1845 51 1840 48 1847 1848 65 51 1849 49 1850 51 1851 80 1852 86 1853 591 1854 75 1855 2518 50 8^ 1856 30 33 20 27 22 19 00 19 00 9 50 15 25 15 00 50 1857 66 1858 53 1859.... 68 1860 47 1861 22 7 50 31 9 00 3215 50 4618 00 4015 25 39 ''O 00 47 1862 «7 1863 90 1864 220 OOJ 43 00 130 00 40 00 115 00 42 00 100 00 38 00 1 0^ 1865 55 00J15 55 0012 49 00; 11 45 75 12 45 001 ft flO 1866 85 1807 33 30 32 31 30 31 31 30 30 29 30 23 29 28 26 25 14 50 14 25 21 60 27 00 13 00 10 00 12 00 8 60 7 00 11 50 850 9 00 la 50 13 25 15 40 10 00 04 1868 95 00 35 00 injvl. 1869 95 00 90 00 95 00 120 00 110 00 80 00 62 50 54 00 48 72 34 50 31 00 30 00 33 50 37 00 33 00 29 00 27 50 '« nn 84 1870 1871 37 00 39 00 61 00 52 00 45 00 41 00 34 00 28 00 12 9 7 7 8 13 12 8 69 70 1872 67 1873 58 1874 53 1875 04 1876 85 1877 46 1878 1879 1880 1881 188-3 4r) (10 121 50 78 50 19 00 72 25; 19 50 65 00 22 00 67 20 23 00 20 50 30 50 30 00 26 00 26 50 9 5J 8 6 8 9 13 lOi 14 19 18 28 21 21 50 50 49 66 76 29 31 30 42 871 45 50 50 53 73 / a; 68 CITY OF TORONTO. detached from the lake by a neck of land of unequal breadth, being in some places a mile, in others only six score yards broad, that the entrance of this road is about a mile in width, that in the middle of it is a shoal or sand bank, the narrows on each side of which may be easily defended by works erected on the two points of land at the entrance, where two block houses have already been constructed ; that this is two miles and a-half long, and a mile wide, and that the elevation of the shore greatly facilitates its defence by forti- fications to be thrown up on the most convenient points. Governor Simcoe intends to make York the centre of the naval force on Lake Ontario. Only four gunboats are at present on this lake, two of which are constantly employed in transporting merchandise ; the other two, which alone are fit to carry troops and guns, and have oars and sails, are lying under shelter until an occasion occurs to convert them to their intended purpose. 'It is the Governot's intention to build lo similar gunboats on Lake Ontario, and lo on Lake Erie. The ship carpenters who construct them reside in the United States, and return home every winter. "There have not been more than 12 houses hitherto built in York. They stand on the bay near the river Don. The inhabitants do not possess the fairest character. One of them is the noted Baty, the leader of the German families who, according to the asser- tion of Captain Williamson, were decoyed away by the English to injure and obstruct the prosperity of his settlement. Notwithstanding the navigation of this river ( Don), there is a portage of 30 miles between York and Lake Simcoe (Yonge street), by which the mer- chandise that comei. from Lake Huron might reach that place in a straighter line. The barracks, which are occupied by the Governor's regiment, stand on the road, two miles from the town, and near the lake. Desertion, I am told, is very frequent among the soldiers. " In a circumference of 150 miles, the Indians are the only neighbors of York. They belong to the tribe of Missassogas." TORONTO AS IT WAS IN 1805. The excellent work on Upper Canada prepared by D'Arcy Boulton, Esq., (grand- father of the present D'Arcy Boulton, of this city), and published in 1805, furnishes inter- esting information concerning York at the period in which he had written. Said he : — " We now come to York, which is the seat of Government of Upper Canada, and lies in about 43 degrees and 35 minutes north latitude. It is situated within an excellent harbor of the same name, made by a long peninsula, which embraces a basin of water sufficiently large to contain a considerable fleet Vessels may ride safely at its entrance during the winter. On the extremity of the peninsula, which is called Gibraltar Point, are erected commodious block-houses and stores, commanding the entrance to the harbor. On the mainland, opposite to the point, is the garrison, situated on a point made by the harbor and a small rivulet, which, being improved by sluices, affords an easy access for boats to go up to the stores. The barracks being built on a knoll are well situated for health, and command a delightful prospect of the lake to the west and the harbor to the east. The Government house, which is now finished, has a striking appearance from the lake, and is well calculated for the residence of the Governor. Its situation is command- ing, about two miles above the garrison, near the head of the harbor. The town is much increased within the last two or three years, and several very good houses have been built by the different officers of the Government. The society of the place is highly respectable, and its hospitality is experienced by every visitor. Beef, mutton, venison, fish, etc., in abundance, and as good as in any part of the world. There are several very respectable private stores, but goods are rather high. The usual supply is from Montreal, so that after the expense of boating from Montreal to Kingston, they have to incur the additional expense of storage at Kingston, and freight across the lake to York. This must account also for the extravagant price of labor at York, which seems to be a great inconvenience to the inhabitants. The point of the town, as now laid out, is one mile and a-half ip length. The streets are tolerably uniform, and exhibit a handsome prospect from the lake. Yonge street, or the niilitary way which leads to Lake Simcoe, and from thence to Gloucester on Lake Huron, commences at the back of the town. This great communica- w HISTORICAL REVIEW. 69 The First Church in Toronto, St. James. tion has been opened to Gwilliamsbury, between 30 and 40 miles, and is calculated to attract the attention of the North-West Company. Farms are laid out on each side of Yonge street, having the width of a quarter of a mile each. A farm or lot comprehends 200 acres ; the land in general is excellent, and from its situation will soon be thickly settled." TORONTO AS IT WAS IN 1 82 2. I The following extract is taken from Robert Gourlay's " Sketches of Upper Canada,' published in 1822 : — " York, which is the seat of the Provincial Government, is in latitude 43° 35" north, a little west of the meridian of Niagara. It is beautifully situated on a bay or harbor, extending nearly two miles from the west to the east side of the town, and almost enclosed by a peninsula, which projects a corresponding distance from east to west without the basin of the harbor. The western extremity of the peninsula is Gibraltar Point, where are public stores and block-houses. On the highest ground, near the Point, a lighthouse of about 70 feet elevation is erected. On the mainland, opposite to the point, is the garrison, where was also the Lieut.-Governor's residence. Two miles east, near the head of the harbor, were two wings of the Parliament house, the main edifice not being yet erected. They were built of brick, one story high. The Legislative Council sat in one of them, the House of Representatives in the other. Being burned by the Americans their walls have been repaired and converted into a barracks. "The town occupies the intervening space between that site and the garrison. The harbor in front is well secured, has safe anchorage, and is sufficiently capacious to contain / mmmmmm wmmmmmmmm r 70 CITY OF TORONTO. a considerable fleet. But the shore is not bold, and no wharves are yet built, except one, which is an appendage of the new naval storehouses. Vessels lie off at anchor, and load and unload by boats. "The war was unpropitious to York. It was twice taken by the Americans : First, by General Dearborn and Commodore Chauncey acting in concert, April 27 th, 18 13. Their squadron took a position in front of the harbor and the garrison, extending in a line west- ward They intended to land their troops on an open field, the site of the old French fort, Toronto (Rouille) ; but the wind blowing heavily from the east, the boats fell to the leeward. A detachment of riflemen led by Major Forsyth followed and, supported by a larger corps of infantry under General Pike, amounting in all to 1,700, landed in a wood a little west of the intended landing place, and about a mile and a-half from the garrison. Their landing wa3 warmly contested bv the Britif h forces under the immediate command of Gen. Sheaffe, who, after an action oi half an hour, was driven from the wood and com- pelled to retreat. Two redoubts were carried, and Gen. Pike, at the head of his brigade, was advancing toward the main work, when the explosion of a magazine terminated his career, and killed and wounded a considerable number of his men and some of the rear of the British troops. Gen. Sheaffe, having destroyed a part of the military and naval stores and a ship on the stocksi T^ved o.t -rith his regular troops. The militia then capitulated, and were paroled. In the last of August, the same yerir, V '.V was visited again by Commodore Chaun- cey and Colonel Scott, who landed v.ihc' opposition, took a number of cannon and boats and a quantity of provisions, shot, shells and other stores, and burnt the barracks and public storehouses." THE INCORPORATION O/ THE Clv: 'N 1 834. And now the date of the incorporation is reached, and before proceeding further it will be as well to give some facts and figures respecting the city when it became such in 1834. ''OFFICE OF THE RECEIVER-GENERAL — FORMERLY POST OFFICE. The first assessment of city property was made in June, 1834, when the following returns were received : St. George's ward ;^i5)ii9 St. Patrick's ward 25,268 St. Lawrence ward • 49,920 St. Andrew's ward 33»o7.S St. David's ward 63,500 Total ^186.882 This amount converted into present coinage would reach the neighborhood of $934,- 410. Estimating the 3d. per j[j the revenue derived was ;^2,336 os. 6d., and to this was added ;^i,oi4, making a total revenue of ;£^3,35o, os. 6d. It is only necessary to com- pare the above figures with those furnished by the revised assessment of city property for the present year, when, after a reduction of a quarter of a million had been made in re- sponse to appeals put in, the enormous sum of $66,159,485 is presented. In these later days in the history of Toronto, the corporation has not always been able to keep up with the progress of the city, but 50 years ago the city fathers were supposed to have been equal to the occasion when they provided for the laying of the following lengths of side- walks : — Yonge street from Front, 228 rods ; Church street to Richmond, 152 ; Lott to Peter, 356 ; all March street, 152 ; Newgate street, 160; Richmond street, 213^4^ • Hos- pital to John street, 178 ; Murray to John street, 400 ; Duke street, 174 ; George street, 174 ; New street, 150 ; Total, 2,618 rods. Not the least important feature in the city's progress has been manifested in the development of her Fire Brigade. In 1834 volunteer firemen, manipulating hand engines, were the protectors of the city and the fire insurance \ '•' ! I HISTORICAL REVIEW. 71 companies. The volunteer brigade was under the supervision of tire-wardens appointed by the Council. During the year of incorporation the following were the fire-wardens : St. George's ward, Edward Perry, William Maxwell, J. G. Chewitt, J. Hunter, W. Heather ; St. David's ward, J. Easton, C Statesbury, D. Brooke, J. Patterson, J. Mcintosh ; St. r St. Jitmcs Cathedral as it noti: stanilti. Andrew's ward, Jesse Ketchum, W. Patrick, H. Carfrae, J. Ritchie, John Ross ; St. Law- rence ward, Robert McKay, Thomas Helliwell, Thomas Bell, jr., Wm. Cawthra, T. Mil- burne ; St. Patrick's ward, James Newbigging, John Powell, S. Anderson and G. Ridout. 4 'Z~~l^ 72 CITY OF TORONTO. M- '•- I HOW TORONTO WAS NAMED. The proposal to change the name from York to Toronto did not meet with general approval from those who were about to be transformed from townsmen into citizens. A large majority, certainly, were in favor of the soft Indian name, but an important propor- tion clung affectionately to the '* York" with which they had become familiar. These op- posing sentiments found expression in the Provincial Parliament, where the bill of incor- poration was being discussed. A report of the debate at the third reading of the bill is taken from the Toronto Patriot, of March 7th, 1834 : — « TAe First Methodist Church, in Toronto (King Street), Saturday, March i, 1834. York Incorporation Bill, and altering the name of York to City of Toronto. The amendments made by the Honorable Legislative Council of this bill were read a second time and referred to a Committee of the Whole House. < Mr. Jarvis objected to the amendment changing the name. He thought the altera- tion would cause confusion. Mr. A. McDonald admired the taste of the Legislative Council. The name of Toronto was highly musical. H"f?'5f?5 W HISTORICAL REVIEW. 78 al A IS 'I Mr. Berczy hoped the majority of the House would be in favor of altering the name. It was the old original name of the place, and the sound was in every respect much tetter. Mr. Speaker McLean thought there was something particularly pleasing to the ear in the sound of Toronto. (Hear ! and a laugh.) And only think, too, this city will be the only City of Toronto in the world. (Hear, hear.) He hoped that the name of Toronto would be adopted, and by that means the inhabitants would not be subjected to the indig- nity of residing in a place designated " Dirty Little York." (Hear, hear, and a laugh.) He hoped the hon. members had the same taste for musical sounds as he had. After further debate pro and con. by different members, the committee then divided — • yeas, 22 ; nays, to ; majority for changing the name from York to the City of Toronto, 12. Well, the name was changed, and the Town of York became the City of Toronto. This important fact was made known to all whom it might concern by royal proclamation. We here append a list of Mayors of the city from its corporation to the present time, "with the number of terms and date of years during which they served : William Lyon Mackenzie 1834 Hon. Robert Baldwin Sullivan, Q.C 1835 Thomas D. Morrison, M. D 1836 George Gurnett 1 1837 John Powell 1838-39-40 George Monroe 1841 Hon. Henry Sherwood, Q.C 1842-43-44 Wm. Henry Boulton 1845-46-47 George Gurnett 1848-49 50 John George Bowes 1851-52-53 Joshua George Beard 1854 Hon. George W. Allan 1855 Hon. John B. Robinson 1856 John Hutchinson 1857 Wm. Henry Boulton 1 00 D. B. Read, Q.C. f ^ Hon. Adam Wilson, Q.C 1859-60 John George Bowes 1861-62-63 Francis H. Medcalf 1864-65-66 James E. Smith 1867-68 S. B. Harman 1869-70 Joseph Sheard 1871-72 Alex. Manning 1873 Francis H. Medcalf 1874-75 Angus Morrison 1876-77-78 James Beatty, jr., Q.C 1879-80 W. B. McMurrich 1881-82 A. R. Boswell 1883-84 Alex. Manning 1885 W. H. Howland 1886 FACILITIES FOR TRANSPORTATION. la ra- of Toronto as a port of entry has great natural advantages, and has one of the best har bors on the lake. It is also extremely well endowed with railway facilities. There are six lines of railway that make connections here, some of which make this city the terminus, while others are through main lines from the east to the west. The principal are as follows : Canada Pacific Railway, Grand Trunk Railway, Northern Railway, and Ontario & Quebec Railway. 74 CITY OF TOUONTO. f INDUSTRIES. Toronto is first of all a commercial city, but manu- facturing in all branches has greatly advanced within re- cent years. The principal manufactures now carried on are agricultural implements, stoves, castings, and general iron work, hats caps and furs, furniture, skins and leather,, boots and shoes, clothing, mil- linery, wooden ware, building materials, brooms and brush- es, jewellery, carriages, cigars, corsets, paints, oils and drugs, safes, and many small manu- factures. At the head of the im- porting and wholesale trade of the city we must place the dry goods trade, after which fol- lows groceries, hardware, mil- linery, hats, caps and furs, clothing, fancy goods, fancy dry goods, small wares, jewel- lery, lumber, etc., etc. The trade in food supplies is very extensive, and the city serves as a distributing point for all kinds of produce. The facili- ties for transportation have largely fostered the develop- ment of this business, which bids fair rapidly to increase in volume and scope. THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Toronto's banking busi- ness is perhaps the strongest support of the mercantile and manufacturing interests of the city. There are 14 Banks and 1 2 Savings Banks, among the number being the Federal Bank, the Standard Bank, the Canadian Bank of Commerce, the Imperial Bank, the Onta- rio Bank, Bank of Toronto, Dominion Bank,Central Bank, and the Home Savings'Bank ; the headquarters of the above are all in this city. In addi- tion to these the following have branches in this city r Bank of Montreal, Molson'& i T re- • al on HISTORICAL REVIEW. 75 Bnnk, Quebec Bank, Bank of British North America, and Merchants' Bank. We will also mention the Toronto General Trust Co., Canada Permanent Loan and Saving Co., Canada Land and Credit Co., the London and Canadian Loan and Agency Co., London and Ontario Investment Co., Building and Loan Association, Imperial Loan and Investment Co., Farmers' Loan and Savings Co., Land Security Co., People's Loan and Deposit Co., as well as a number of savings banks, where persons of moderate means can deposit small sums, and in many of them can withdraw by cheque as in ordinary banks. EDUCATIONAL, ETC. The importance of Toronto as an educational centre may be inferred from the state- ment that it contains Universities, Colleges, Schools of Science, Public and Private Schools to the number of 70, among which may be mentioned the Collegiate Institute, the Upper Canada College, the Normal School, the Toronto Model School, the Ontario School of Art, St. Michael's College, the Provincial University, University College, the Bishop Strachan School, the University of Trinity College, Knox College, McMaster Hall, and several other private schools and institutions of merit. Schools of the best order, freely accessible to the poorest child in the city, are in daily operation in every part of the city. Every child so far belongs to the Province, and is entitled to a free education at the expense of the Government. [ 1 \ I i ! Ongoode Hall, the ''Four Courtu" of Ontario FIRE BRIGADE. The Toronto Fire Brigade is second to none in efficiency and discipline. It is a welF organized paid department, and is well managed in all respects. There are 10 engine and hook and ladder stations. James Ashfield is chief engineer, Richard Ardagh chief of brigade, Thomas Graham assistant chief, Joseph Davis west assistant chief, and John Thompson east assistant chief. Fire alarm boxes connected with the engine houses by telegraph are to be found in all parts of the city. AMUSEMENTS. In the way of entertainments and amusements there is much to make life in the city pleasant and sociable. During the winter there are the usual church festivals and exhibi- tions. There are also skating rinks, social and society reunions, snowshoe and other s BBS mm 76 CITY OF TORONTO. clubs. Two very handsome and commodious opera houses are open during the season, and the cream of the dramatic and ojjeratic profession may be seen there. There are also the Pavilion Music Hall in the Horticultural Gardens, as well as a number of smaller halls, in •which dramatic representations, readings, etc., are given ; also the Victoria Park, Queen's Park, Zoological Gardens, Horticultural Gardens, and Hanlan's Point — the Coney Island of Canada— which is connected by excellent service of the Doty Ferry Line, which runs every 15 minutes during the season. I S Hotel Hanlan and Island Pleasure Resort. SOCIETIES. Secret and other societies are well entrenched here. The Masons have a large num- ber of lodges, Toronto being in addition the seat of the Grand Lodge of Canada. The Oddfellows are well represented ; also the Foresters, Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Orange Order and Temperance Societies. There are also a number of musical societies, as well as nearly 30 clubs and social organizations. Of these the most noticeable are the Albany Club, the Toronto Club, the National Club, the Argonaut Rowing Club, the Toronto Rowir g Club, and the Bayside Rowing Club, the Royal Cana- dian Yacht Club, the Toronto Lacrosse Club, the Ontario Lacrosse Club, the Ontario Jockey Club and the Toronto Canoe Club. . THE CHURCHES. V ■ It • One of the titles of the Queen City of English Canada is " The City of Churches," a name whose appropriateness can be seen by any visitor who watches the heaven-pointing spires that rise from every part of Toronto, and form a leading feature of our city. The St. James' Cathedral, corner of King and Church streets, is one of the handsomest religi- I HISTORICAL REVIEW, 77 and the s, in een's iland runs ous edifices on the continent. The Metropolitan Church (Methodist), and St. Andrew's Church (Presbyterian), are very beautiful structures. The St. Michael's Cathedral (Catho- lic), is also noticeable. Many other of the Toronto Churches are remarkable for architec- tural beauty. There are 26 Episcopal Churches belonging to the Synod of the Diocese of Toronto ; two Reformed Episcopal, 1 1 Baptist Churches, nine Catholic, one Catholic Apostolic, seven of the Congregational denomination, one German Lutheran, four of the denomination of the " Christian" Church, 18 Presbyterian, 22 Methodist Churches, one Unitarian, five miscellaneous places of worship, and one Jewish Synagogue. Thus it will be readily seen that Toronto is well provided with places of worship of all denominations. There are in all 120 churches in the city, many of them being specimens of architectural beauty, and stately in appearance. St, Andrew's Church, King Street Wist. THE PRESS. ;s," a inting The religi- i What is done in Toronto for the education and enlightenment of the people in the matter of daily newspaper and periodical literature may be inferred from the following : Besides the dailies, which are the Mail, the Globe, the World, the News, the Evening Telegram, there are a large number of weekly, monthly, and quarterly publications. These are as follows : — Art Journal, monthly ; the Atheneum, monthly ; Berean Leaves, monthly ; Bible Society Recorder, monthly ; Budget, monthly ; Canadian Citizen and Temperance Herald, weekly ; Canada Educational, monthly ; Canada Lancet, monthly ; Canada Law Journal, semi-monthly ; Canada Presbyterian, weekly ; Canada School Jour- nal, monthly ; Canada Short Horn Herd Book, yearly ; Canadian Baptist, weekly ; Cana- dian Conveyancer ; Canadian Farmer, weekly ; Canadian Independent, monthly; Canadian Journal of Science, Literature and History, quarterly ; Canadian Manufacturer, semi- 78 CITY OF TORONTO. weekly ; Canadian Methodist Magazine, monthly ; Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal^ monthly ; Canadian Scholars' Quarterly ; Canadian Sportsman and Live Stock Journal, weekly ; Christian Guardian and Evangelical Witness, weekly : Colonizer, monthly ; Commercial Traveller and Mercantile Journal, monthly ; Cosmopolitan Shorthand Writer, Canadiun Inntitute. Richmonil Street Efuit. monthly ; Dominion Churchman, weekly ; Dominion Mechanical and Milling News, monthly ; Early Days, bi-monthly ; Evangelical Churchman, weekly ; Golden Hours for the Young, njonthly ; Grip, weekly ; Home and School, semi monthly : },rish Canadian, weekly ; Ladies' Journal, monthly ; Mercantile Test and Legal Record ; Methodist Maga- Kssssap* rnal^ rnal, hly; riter, 1 1 HISTORICAL REVIEW. 79 ^ews, rs for idian, Maga- zine, weekly ; Monetary Times and Trades Review, weekly ; Ontario Law List ; Parkdale Times, weekly ; Parkdale News, weekly ; Pleasant Hours, weekly ; Quarterly Review Service ; Rural Canadian, monthly ; Sabbath School Presbyterian, monthly ; 'I'he Sentinel, ■weekly ; Sunbeams, semi-monthly ; Sunday School Banner, monthly ; The Week, weekly ; Toronto Advertiser, weekly ; The Tribune, weekly ; Truth, weekly. There being 75 newspapers and periodicals in all. THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF TORONTO. Besides the ecclesiastical and educational edifices, Toronto possesses many public buildings of a high degree of architectural merit, and in every instance when this can be said, as in the case of the Post Office, the Custom House, the new Manning Arcade, the Yonge Street Arcade, the Public Library, and Osgoode Hall, the beauty of each building is much enhanced by its architectural surroundings, by freedom of approach, through wide and stately streets, which allow it to be seen in all the majesty of its fair proportions. Other public buildings we have, it is true, such as the old Parliament House and the City Hall, which belong to an altogether past period of Toronto's history, and respecting which the edict of public opinion has already gone forth that they are to be replaced, and that speedily, by something worthy of the greatest city of Canada's most intellectual and pro- gressive Province. The Toronto General Post Office is, as regards beauty of architecture, similar and not second to Osgoode Hall. Osgoode Hall, one of the handsomest public buildings of Toronto, is the Westminster Hall and " Four Courts" of Ontario, a palace of justice palatial enough to be a fitting abode for the unimpeached judicial character of the Toronto bench and bar. The Custom House is one of those among our public buildings which, like the Gen- eral Post Office, illustrates most vividly the vast advance made by our city during the last lo years. Government House and grounds are situated on the south side of King street, im- mediately opposite Upper Canada College, and west of the new St. Andrew's Church, an architectural situation which cannot fail to impress favorably the cultured visitor of Toronto. " The Court House is situated on Adelaide and Court streets. It belongs to that class of the Toronto public buildings which belong to the past age of our city, and as in the case of the Parliament House, it is generally felt that they must soon be replaced by something less unworthy of the capital of Ontario. The Free Library of Toronto is opposite the Court House, a little further east, in an admirably chosen position, at the corner of Church and Adelaide streets. It was, in former years, the Mechanics' Institute, but the committee of that institution gave up their building and valuable collection of books to the Free Library Board as soon as the by-law establishing a public Library had passed by an almost unanimous vote of the citizens. The City Hall is situated on Front street, corner of Jarvis street. Shaftesbury Hall and the premises of the Y. M.C.A. are situated at 30 Queen street west, where is also a free reading-room and bureau of enquiry for all strangers in Toronto in need of employment. The Drill Shed is situated on the west side of Jarvis street, between Front street and the Esplanade. It is one of the largest and most commodious in the Dominion, and is the headquarters of the two "crack regiments' of Ontario, the Queen's Own and the Tenth Royal Grenadiers. Equity Chambers, situated on the corner of Adelaide and Victoria streets, is a neat red brick building occupied principally by insurance offices, printing office, lawyers, estate agents, etc. The magnificent Exhibition Buildings were opened to the public by Lord Dufferin, late Governor-General of Canada, in September, 1878. The palace is built with solid brick foundations, with sides and roofs of glass, and affords admirable accommodation for the advantageous exhibition of goods. The whole of the buildings on the grounds, includ- ing the Crystal Palace building, were built in the short {period of 90 days, and the cost of 80 CITY OF TORONTO. the whole, up to the present time, is nearly $250,000. The grounds, occupying some 60 acres in extent, are the finest in the Dominion of Canada. They are most beautifully located on the shore of Lake Ontario, on the western outskirts of the city, and from them a splendid view of Toronto, with the surrounding country and the lake, can be obtained. They are easy of access and can be reached in a few minutes by the Grand Trunk Rail- way, Street Railway, and a line of steamers which run to the Exhibition wharf. Among the most important buildings of recent date must be classed the Manning Arcade on King street, which is a specimen of architectural beauty, and being composite in design and of freestone, is a credit to the city and the architect, and the Toronto Arcade, between Yonge and Victoria streets ; the front entrance of the latter is on the • former street, to the beauty of which its imposing cut-stone facade with its wide archway and Egyptian pillars in bas-relief are a valuable addition. The spacious passage-way of the Arcade is furnished with stalls, glittering with all that is most attractive to pleasure-seekers.. THE TORONTO WATER WORKS. The Water Works are beautifully situated on the summit of the hill north of Toronto, where a mioiature lake of nine acres, floored and walled with stone, serves as a reservoir. The grounds are beautifully kept, and overlook on one side the Mount Pleasant Cemetery and the park-like ravine, which extends in this direction from Rosedale ; in the other- direction step after step of the city terrace descending to the bay. The UiiiverHity of Toronto. CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS. Toronto is rich in benevolent and charitable institutions for the relief of the sick and' needy. Of these the Toronto General Hospital is entitled to the first place. It is situ- ated on the north side of Gerrard street east, between Sackville and Sumach streets. The site is well chosen from a hygiene point of view, its elevation being 80 feet above the level of the bay. The Hospital Buildings cover a space of four acres, and are 170x120 feet in dimensions. The beautiful park-like grounds which surround the building were laid out under the skilful superintendence of the late Mr. Mudie. The House of Providence, on Power street, is a worthy rival of the General Hospital. It is supported by our Catholic citizens, and is one of the most noteworthy of Toronto's, public edifices. The Lunatic Asylum is located on Queen street west, opposite Dundas street. ISK£ i^^l other 1 HISTORICAL REVIEW. 81 Burnside Lying-in Hospital is maintained by voluntary contributions, aided by a yearly Government grant of $400. The Hospital for Sick Children is situated at the top of Elizabeth street, abutting on College avenue. The Asylum for Incurables is on Dunn avenue, Parkdale, and is an institution which well merits the support of the kmd- hearted and charitable. The Dental College and In- firmary is situated on Richmond street east, and gives gratuitous relief to those suffering from dis- eases of the teeth, and is pecu- liarly a valuable institution in af- fording alleviation to pains which, excruciating enough, more often (from some unknown reason), excite the risibility rather than the sympathy of our fellow-man. The Girls' Home is situated at 186 Gerrard street. This in- stitution aims at the support and 'q| training of destitute little girls under 14 years of age ; also the 31 maintenance of destitute little tq' boys under four years of age. The Andrew Mercer Eye and Ear Infirmary is on Gerrard •~i street, between Sackville and Su- ^ mach streets. The Boys' Home, at 281 George street, supplies a refuge and industrial training to a num- ber of destitute boys who have not been convicted of any offence against the law. The House of Industry sup- plies a refuge and affords an asy- lum to children of older growth taken from the streets and slums of the city. The Infants' Home, or In- firmary, is situated on St. Mary street, between Yonge and Cha- pel streets, and takes under its fostering charge the little ones whose parents and friends are in- capable of giving them the care they need. This institution ad- mits within its precincts not only sick infants, but also those in health. The Newsboys' Home, at 42 iii:lii|iiii'i!Jin':^;i;i'' 'I"'''* Frederick street, is a valuable institution, and affords, as its name indicates, a retreat for the poor little " waifs " and streets. strays " that pursue an honest but hard living in the public f CITY OF TORONTO. The Notre Dame Institute at 90 Jarvis street is a Catholic institution which provides, gratuitously, or at a small cost, lodging for young girls employed in the city whojhave no homes of their own. The St. Nicholas Home is a similar institution for the benefit of young boys. The Toronto Dispensary supplies, free of charge, medicine to the necessitous. It is open daily from 12 to 2 p.m. ■■ ! ; ' 1 r- .. i " i i I The Dominion CuMom House. Toronto. In addition to the above-mentioned, there are a number of other organizations which in an unobtrusive manner are doing much good, and are playing the part of the good Samaritan, in " casting their bread upon the waters." They will reap their reward. -,. The Lakeside Home for little children, the Convalescent Home in connection with the Hospital for Sick Children, occupies a site on the west point of Toronto Island, nearly 100 yards north-west of the lighthouse, and the same distance from the south shore of the Island. The building is 20 minutes' walk from the dock at Hanlan's Point, and the plot of ground on which it is built was leased by the Corporation of the City of Toronto, as the deed states, "so that a Convalescent Home for Sick Children shall be erected thereon in connection with the Hospital for Sick Children." These institutions number thirty in all. The Small-pox Hospital, in the eastern precincts of the city, sufiRciently explains by- its name its object. It is a city abounding in secret beneficiary societies, nearly every society having representatives here. The city has attained considerable celebrity on account of its pro- I HISTORICAL REVIEW. 88 •rovides. lave no '. It is motion and encouragement of sports and games, in whicli some of her sons have won distinguished laurels. Yorkville is a popular place of residence for those of the citizens of Toronto who de- sire a somehwat cheaper place of abode than can easily be obtained in the older portion of the city. Every morning the street cars, which run from Yorkville Town Hall down to King street, are crowded with business men, merchants, employees of all kinds. Raised on the crest of a hill overlooking the bay, Yorkville is a healthy as well as an economical location ; its quiet streets and well shaded avenues afford a pleasant relief after the heat and dust of the city streets in summer. m. %. IS whicb le good on with 1, nearly re of the ' the plot 0, as the jreon in y in all. )lains by y having its pro- Gciicral Post Oj/ice, Toronto. Toronto's suburbs. Parkdale is a pleasant village, or rather town, and has long been all but identical with the city, from which it is separated by Dufferin street, immediately west of the Exhibition Grounds. It has shown marked development within the past few years, and many beau- tiful residences have been erecled. Its merchants are enterprising and progressive, and many of them will compare favorably with others in a similar line of business in Toronto or other city in the Dominion. It is favorably situated in a most healthful section of the country, and contiguous to the Humber Bay. Here also is the well-known High Park, a 84 CITY OF TORONTO. If most pleasurable resort for the residents of the town and visitors. This beautiful town contains all the elements that go to build up an important commercial centre, which will doubtless ere long be realized. Seaton village is situated north of Bloor street, about midway between Yorkville and Brockton. It occupies a district extending to the base of the hill terrace, which forms the natural boundary of Toronto to the north. Brockton is now annexed to Toronto, yet still may be classed as one of its suburbs. It is now St. Mark's ward. It is an older village than Parkdale, being situated on Dundas street, the main thoroughfare, in the days before railroads were thought of, from Toronto westward. It is about three miles and a-half from the City Hall. The property upon which this village is built belonged originally to Colonel Givens and Colonel Denison. The present representative of the latter family has a residence a little north of the village. Rosedale is a beautifully situated suburb, of quite recent formation, on the far side of the picturesque ravine immediately north of the eastern part of Bloor street. It takes its pretty title, so well accordant with the abundant rose-growth in the gardens of its numerous mansions and villas, from the name given to the homestead of the aristocratic family of Jarvis. This gentleman, in conjunction with Mr. Bloor, bought the property on which Yorkville is built, and designed its first projection. Its principal street is arranged in the form of a square, the south side of which is the ravine. Two magnificent bridges at either extremity of this part of Rosedale span the ravine. The shelving sides of this ravine slope gently to the clear waters of the creek, which flow eastward to join the Don. They are clad with cedars, pine, oak, maple and aspen, the relics of the original forest. Mount Pleasant is a village north of the Yonge street bridge, over the ravine. The latter spot was long known as the Blue Hill, from the bluish-grey color of the strata of clay on the summit of either side. "The Island" deserves to be reckoned in the very first rank of the suburbs of our city. The establishment of a magnificent public bath by Mr. Erastus Wiman, the erection of a Health Home for sick children by the generous benevolence of Mr. John Ross Rob- ertson, the building of churches, and the determination to enforce temperance, so mark- edly shown during the summer of 1883, the multiplication of handsome private residences, the preparation for setting aside and beautifying in every possible way a People's Park, all are indications that Toronto is at last beginning to appreciate aright the manifold capabili- ties for beauty and healthfulness of her outlying bulwark against the Lake Ontario storms. Toronto in 1886. Of all the cities in the Dominion which aspire to the distinction of being regarded as important jobbing markets, Toronto exceeds in the volume of its trade all except Montreal, and the immense trade which centres here is drawn from the whole country, and in some instances her products find extensive markets in the Old World. The several lines of trade and manufacture are represented by houses whose characteristics are such as to warrant us in speaking of them in the most eulogistic terms. They are conducted by men who believe that, whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well, and this principle they apply in their daily business. Active, honorable competition has attracted this important trade, and the aim of her business men has been to bind this prosperous city to the surrounding country by "bands as soft as silk, yet as powerful as steel." Toronto is situated in the midst of a rich and fertile section of the country ; it is the centre of a complete railway system, and these railways run trains so that people come quite a distance to buy goods, and return home the same day. Hence, as a trading centre the city has few equals. The stores of all sorts will compare favorably with those of many much larger cities. The assortment and arrangement of goods could with difficulty be improved ; this is admitted by people from other towns and cities. Toronto is, withal, a progressive city. The young business men are all enterprising, and are on the alert not only for their own good but for the city as well. The time is not far distant when Toronto's 125,000 will be 200,000, and when of the Dominion it shall be what it is now to Ontario, its most attractive city. i TORONTO. 85 slope ly are W. H. Howland, Esq., Mayor ot Toronto.— The city of Toronto owes so much of her present im- portance to the wise and extended policy of her civic authorities, that in the course of compiling the present volume it has been deemed consistent with the object of the work to give a short biographical outline of the present mayor. Occupying a conspicuous position in various industrial enterprises and all progressive measures, which give promise of practical and bene- ficial results, the subject of this sketch, though averse to public notice, cannot with justice to this record be omitted from mention in a work devoted to the active pursuits and those associated therewith in the city. William H. Howland was born at Lambton Mills, in the County of York, in the year 1844 ; he is a son of Sir William Howland, late Lieut. -Governor of the Province. In due course the subject of this sketch received his education, entering, in his early youth, the old Toronto Academy, which was situated where the Queen's Hotel now stands. After a short stay at this institution, the young scholar was in 1855 transferred to UpperCanadaCollege,and subsequently passed to the Provincial Model Grammar School, where he remained till sixteen years of age. In these various scholastic establishments he was ever popular with his associates, exhibiting at that early age the marked spirit of forbearance and solicitude for the welfare of others that have so consistently characterized him in his later walks of life. In i860, at the time of confederation. Sir William Howland was appointed first Lieutenant-Governor of the new Province of Ontario, ami his son William, though but sixteen years of age, left school to take a place in the large business institution of which that gentleman was the head. Though at an age when most young men are rather speculating upon the pleasures than the realities of life, the youthful mer- chant speedily developed business traits that soon established him as a successful and promi- nent member of the commercial community. In 1872 he was elected Presi 'ent of the Queen City Insurance Compuny, being the youngest man who ever assumed such a position in this country. In addition he is also President of the Hand-in- Hand and Canadian Lloyds. Un- der his safe guiilance these institutions have all prospered. He is also President of the Millers' and .Manufacturers' Company. He was for two years President of the Toronto Board of Under- writers, and has also held a similar position in the Dominion Manufacturers' Association and the Toronto Board 01 Trade. Thus it will be seen that, outside of his civic position, Mr. Howland stands as a prominent representative of the commerce and trade of Toronto, and ccnmandsin the various offices he holds a con- stituency amongst the largest, wealthiest and mo>.t influential in the city. He is an active, progressive man, foremost in enlightened advo- cacy of all practical public improvements, as may be instanced by his keen and searching inquiries into the feasibility of the trunk sewer scheme. In his own business he is careful and conserva- tive and strongly discountenances the wild spirit of speculation which occasionally manife.sts it- self. In politics Mr, Howland has always been remarkably independent in his views. He is a warm supporter of the National Policy of Sir John Macdonald, and with equal zeal stands by the Provincial Government of the Hon. Mr. Mowat. In company with other indeppndent- thinking young politicians he formed the Canada First Party, on a platform which, in its main features, has been since adopted by prominent leaders of both the present political parties. In social reforms Mr. Howland has been a prominent instrument of good. In 1878 he was appointed by the Ontario Government as a member of the Trust Board of the Toronto General Hospital, and in this position succeeded in raising the management of that institution to a point of efficiency that it had never before attained. He has also been the motive power in the establishment of the Industrial School now in course of erection at Mimico, where accommodation will he provided for 200 boys, drawn from that class wii'.i whom ordinary school teachers find it hard to deal. The Toronto Mission Union is another monu- ment of his good works, in connection with which an Old People's Home is also established. Mr. Howland has only lately entered the arena of municipal life, and the step was none of his own choosing, the nomina- tion for the Mayoralty Chair bei g forced on him at the earnest solicitation of a number of the leading citizens of Toronto. The universal opinion now is that his administrations have so far been crowned with gratifying success. His election to the position of chief magistrate of the city means the highest possible testimonial ol the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens, and in his position he wields a powerful influent e for good, which is des- tined in no small degree to make Toronto in everyway the model city her admirers claim for her that she is. In short, Mr. Howland is a characteristic type of the cultivated, high-minded Christian gentleman, and is a strong advocate of the temperance question. He married, in 1873, Miss Laura Chipman, sister of the esteemed wife of Sir Leonard Tilley, Lieutenant- Governor of New Brunswick, 86 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. :i Wm. DavUa li Oe.i Pork Packers, Keachell Street, — Foremost among the industrial enterprises of Toronto must be mentioned the tirm of William Davies & Co., pork packers and curers and export provision merchants, whose premises are located at Beachell Street, near Front Street East. This busi- ness was started by the father, Mr. William Davies, in 1854, and has grown in importance until it has attained its present commanding position in the Dominion. The buildings cover two acres of ground, on which are erected the main building, which is three stories in height and substantially built of brick. There are besides three ice houses, barns and piggeries. The present brick structure was built by the firm in 1882, and since then they have added a large brick addition, it having been previously a wooden struc- ture that was used, but the constantly increasing business necessitated a change. The establishment is conveniently situated for r.iilway connections, by which means the hogs are directly brought in, and the goods for shipment transported to the sea- going vessels, which carry them to England, with which country the firm does a large export trade in boxed meats, which, as the name implies, are shipped in boxes The firm also does a large smoked ham business for the city trade. Every facility and appli- ance necessary for the proper conduct of the business are to be found on the premises ; their singeing machines remove the bristles from the hogs at the rate of 175 an hour. They have recently put in a hog- scraper, worked by steam; the hogs being first scalded, are then put through the scraper at 175 per hour, from whence they go to the singeing furnaces ; their drying machines turn the refuse into fertilizers, so that no part of the animal is wasted ; an 80 horse power engine supplies the motor for running the machinery. Em- ployment is given to from 100 to 150 workmen, and the firm have lately set aside a percentage of the profits to be divided among the employes. They slaughter the pigs on the premises, about 75,000 of them being turned into cured meats in a year. The reputation of the house for excellence ot goods is enviable, and extends throughout the Dominion and England. The members of the firm are Mr. William Davies — who was born in Wallingford, Berkshire, England, where his father was engaged in the same business — and his two sons, Mr. William, Jr., and Mr. James, who are Torontonians by birth. The firm stand very high in the business community for business enterprise, integrity and energy of purpose, holding it to be a pai amount principle that nothing but the very best class of goods should ever leave their house, and it is to this in a large measure they may attribute the suc- cess which they have achieved. Phoenix Fire Assurance Comj^any of London, Enfland, Lewis and L. Iknry Molfatt, Agents,- Offices, 20 C. Permanent B'd'gs. — Amone the important business interests of Toronto, insurance has a most vital bearing upon all others. Of the insur- ancecompanies occupying a high place among the sub- stantial companies there is none more so than the Phienix Fire Assurance Company, of London, Eng- land, with head office in Montreal, and Toronto district office in the Canada Permanent Buildings, on Toronto Street : Lewis and L. Henry Moffatt, agents. This Company was established in London, in 1782, and was represented in Canada in 1804. Its long and honorable career gives guarantee of its popularity and solidity. Insurances are effected in all parts of the world upon all descriptions of property, mortgage interests, and rents, and all claims are paid with promptitude and liberality. The senior member of the firm of agents in this city, Mr. Lewis Moffatt, has held the agency for over 50 years, being formerly a partner in the firm of Gillespie, Moffatt & Co. He left Montreal to establish a branch house in Toronto, taking the agency of the Phoenix Company for this city. He has had therefore great experience in fire insurance matters, and is relied upon as an authority in such matters. He has won the confidence of all who have availed themselves of the advantages of so substantial a Company as the Phoenix Fire Assurance Company, whose affairs he has so ably conducted in Toronto. He was born in Montreal, and his son, Mr. Henry L. Moffatt, in Toronto. The Company keeps a customary balance in bank of over three million dollars for payment of fire losses. TORONTO. 87 It IS by I Uohn Maedonald li OOi, Wholesale Import- ers of Dry Goods, Carpets, Woollen and Fancy Goods 21, 25, 25 and 27 Wellington St. East ; 28, 30, 32 and 34 Front St. East, Toronto ; and Manchester, England. — In these days of wide awake and pushing industry, in which enterprises of magnitude are the symbols of the nation's wealth and greatness, it is fitting to give an extended notice of so gigantic and important an enterprise as that which appears at the head of this article By the exercise, of great tact and ability on the part of one of our most worthy and leading merchants, an industry has been built up in our midst which will serve as a monument to his memory, and will not crumble by touch of time in ages yet to come. The house of John Maedonald & Co. was founded in 1849, and by strict adherence to business principles has surely and steadily developed till it has reached its present colossal pro- portions. Mr. Maedonald commenced operations with no other capital than energy, self-reliance and, above all, integrity; with no other encouragement than an indomitable determination to succeed ; but has had a pleasing and gratifying success, which has culminated in placing him in the proud position he now holds as the dry goods king of Canada, at the head of the largest mercantile firm in the country. The premises occupied by the firm in the transaction of their business consist of a handsome six-story stone building stretching from Front Street East to Wellington, running almost parallel, with magnificent fronts on each street. That facing on Wellington Street is in Ohio sandstone, and that facing Front Street in Ohio stone and Oswega brown stone. The frontage on each street is about 100 feet. The interior of the building is divided into six floors, 100x140 feet in dimensions, each having two PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. immense warerooms, separated hy a solid wall about four feet thiclc and heavy iron doors. Some idea of the extent of these magnificent warehouses may be obtained, when it is known that the total flooring of the six flats covers about 75,000 superficial feet, or nearly two acres. For the convenience of the busi- ness, the building is divided into departments for the classification of the various lines of goods handled by the house. Beginning at the basement you find the entering and shipping rooms. On the first flat is the Canadian woollen department, containing repre- sentations of every pattern and quality of tweed ; the business offices are also on this flat. In the warehouse adjoining is the staple department, where a large and varied stock is always on view. On the second floor is the stuff room, consisting of dress goods of all descriptions ; the adjoining wareroom carries a stock of foreign goods solely. At the southern end is the luxuriously fltted up private office of Mr. Macdonald. The whole of the next floor is devoted to the mantle department, of which there is a rich and costly assortment. The fourth floor is for fancy goods, the haberdashery depart- ment also being on same floor. The top flat is devoted to carpets, where may be seen representa- tive work of all the carpet manufacturing districts of the world . These general headings include an enor- mous variety of goods, wholly impossible to give in detail. The whole of the goods in this vast em- porium are of the best quality obtainable, the facilities of the house being such as to give it every advantage in competition with contemporary estab- lishments. The trade of the house permeates through the whole of the Dominion, and gives employment to about one hundred clerks, salesmen and ware- housemen. The value of an extensive industry of this character — conducing, as it does, laigely to the material wealth and prosperity of our city, stimu- lating enterprise, nourishing commerce, affording employment for many — cannot be rated too high, and the encomiums as well as the gratitude of .ill those interested in the welfare of our city should go out to the founder of this enterprise with sincerity and applause. Mr. Macdonald, who is a native of Perth- shire, Scotland, came to this country in 1837, found- ing some twelve years later the establishment of which he is now the honored head. Mr. Macdonald is a member of the Board of Trade. Bank of Montreal, Comer Front and Yonge Streets, Established, 1818 ; Incorporated by Act of ParKament ; Capital (all paid up), $12,000,- 000; Reserve Fund, $6,000,000.— The Bank of Montreal occupies the first position among the financial institutions of this country. Since its in- ception in i8i8, in Montreal, it has been under the management of practical and competent men ; and at the present moment there is no banking house in the Dominion that can approach it with regard to its financial stability or in the extent and importance of its transactions. The business of the bank is of a general character, while it does far more Government and railway financing than any other bank in Canada. The following comprise the Board of Directors : C. F. Smithers, Esq., President ; Hon. D. A. Smith, Vice-President ; (Jilbert Scott, Esq. ; A. Murray, Esq. ; H. McLennan, Esq. ; A. T. Paterson, Esq. ; G. A. Drummond, Esq. ; Hon. John Hamilton, and E. B. Greenshields, Esq. Mr. W. J. Buchanan is the General Manager ; Mr. A. Macnider, Assistant Gene- ral Manager and Inspector ; Mr. H. V. Meredith, Assistant Inspector. The bank has twenty-eight branches in Canada, including Toronto. T. is also represented in Great Britain and the United States, and has correspondents in India, China, Japan and Australia ; as also in St. John's, Newfoundland, British Columbia and New Zealand. But it i* with the Toronto branch that we have here more immedi- ately to deal. It was first known under the name of the Bank of the People, the Bank of Montreal hav- ing bought the charter of that bank. In 1842 the name was changed to the Bank of Montreal, the bank premises being where the Mail building now stands. The late Mr. Benjamin Thorne was Presi- dent, and Mr. Wm. Wilson, Cashier and Manager. The late Hon. John Crawford, who was for some time Governor of the Province, was the Director and .Solicitor of the Bank. In 1845 the bank was re- moved to the corner of Yonge and Front Streets, where a substantial stone structure had been erected, designed by Mr. KivasTully, C.E., of this city. This building has since been demolished, and an edifice magnificent in every respect erected in its stead. It was designed by Messrs. Darling & Curry of this city, in the French renaissance style, and is without exception the finest designed bank in the Dominion. It is built of Ohio briar stone ; banking office is 58 feet square, building 60x90 inside and 45 feet high, being only one story. The light is admitted by a magnificent dome, which will be referred to later on. The work of Messrs. Darling & Curry displays taste and refinement in architectural design of a nigh order, and while the Bank of Montreal is a new departure in its style and character in this country, it is one which must recommend itself even to the critic. Mr. Lionel Yorke, the extensive builder, of this city, was entrusted with the contract of erection, the execution of which amply sustains his already high reputation as a builder. The ceiling, which in richness and elaboration is different from any other in the Domin- ion, was designed and executed by Messrs. M. J. Hynes&Bro., of Toronto. The foundation of the fresco work is on wire cloth corrugated lathing. The pcittcrn is octagonal, and the main ceiling supporting the principals forms a cob-web design, which is thoroughly interlaced with all the mouldings inter- secting, of three different sizes, and carrying in .each about seven enrichments. The main cornice is hung, as well as the mouldings, in corrugated iron laths, having about thirteen enrichments, set off with a magnificent freize about eighteen inches in depth. The walls, which are covered with lancrusta-walton, are finished in trowelled stucco, pnd anything finer of the kind it would be difficult to find anywhere. The manager's room, which cannot be surpassed in artistic finish, is panelled in the ceiling in squares and highly enriched. The material used by Messrs. Hynes & Bro. was all Canadian, and the designs were executed at their warehouse. No. 88 York Street, and then placed in position in the bank> Mr. R. J. Hovenden, to whom was entrusted the fresco painting, has discharged his portion of the work in an equally creditable manner. The ceiling and walls, which are striking and effective, are done in warm yellows, reds, bronze, and go'd and bronze. The colors are appropriate, and harmonize with the variegated reflex light of the splendid dome, thaiv which in artistic design and completeness of finish there is nothing finer on this continent. This dome, which is one of the main features of the whole build- ing, was executed by Messrs. J. McCausland & Son t I TORONTO. 89 of this city. It contains in all about ^oo superficial V feet of stained glass. It is divided into eight sec- \ tions, with minor sulxlivisions. The design, which is a peculiarly striking one, embodies an allegorical , treatment of the guardian of the gold, in which an eagle is represented as in the act of clutching the gold, while another nnimal of huge proportions, with two great tails, and not belonging strictly to any genus of zoology, defends it. These animals are sup- ported on the main scroll in the Italian renaissance style. In the centre there are eight circles contain- ing emblems of the Provinces of the Dominion, and the outer panel is chastely festooned with beautiful fruits and flowers, on an architectural background. The colors are striking ond effective, and when one enters the Bank of Montreal, instead of looking straight before one as is usually the case, one's eyes are im- mediaifly raised to the ceiling. This structure cost $125,000, and ranks among the fmest buildings in this city. Rosain NeusCi King and York Streets.— What the Fifth Avenue Hotel is to New York, and the Windsor is to Montreal, so the celebrated Rossin House is to Toronto. The wealth and importance of the second city in Canada, coupled with th^ I enormous tourist travel that has always centred here, early spurred on our capitalists to the erection of such a mammoth hotel as is the Kossin. A splendid structure internally, and externally one of the greatest architectural achievements the city had at the time it was erected, and still one of the most substan- tial blocks in the city, it was designed and built with special regard to th^ convenience and comfort of its patrons. When to this is added the thorough system of organization observable under the present talented management, the bountiful table bearing every luxury of the season, and prepared under the direction of a skilled chef, it is natural that the Rossin should receive the cream of Canadian and American travel. The history of the Rossin, or rather of the site it occupies, is replete with interest. This prominent location, the hub of the city as it were, from which radiate the tide of fashion and of travel, has from just previous to the incorporation of the city up to the present time, with slight intermis- sions, always been devoted to hotel purposes. In 1832, on this spot Mr. J. G. Chewett erected the famous old British Coffee-house, which almost imme- diately became the r 'ar rendezvous of leading citizens and politicu ♦'"« stirring days prior to 1837, the popular disq-.if le culminating in the fall of that year in the M^-ivenzie Rebellion. A Mr. Cotter was the first lessee, and was succeeded by a Mr. Keating, under whose control the coffee-house became an institution of the " muddy city of York." During the rebellion the Government made use of the premises, first as a barracks, and subsequently aft otiicers' quarters ; upon the return of peace, and the relincjuishment of the building by the military, the premises were reKtted and leased by Mrs. Eliah, who placed it at the disposal of the Toronto Club, then the fashionable coterie of the city, and thus continued until 1851. In 1852 Messrs. Marcus and Samuel Rossin decided to embark in the hotel business here, and were remarkably successful until the building was destroyed V)y fire. A joint stock company was then formed, capital was forthcoming and a first-class hotel, the Rossin Mouse, was erected, Mr. A. C. Joslin being the lessee. Eventually, in 1863, the present splendid building was erected. Mr. G. P. Shears undertook heavy responsibilities when he assumed the lease in 1867. He continued in control until 1876, when he was succeeded by Mr. Mark 11. Irish, the present popular lessee, and the most widely and favorably known hotel proprietor of the Dominion. It occupies an area exactly one acre in extent, and has a frontag*,- on King Street of 208 feet by 156 feel on York Street. The interior arrangements are excellent. The architects planned so as to secure abundance of light, space and ventila- tion, and succeeded in securing cheerful halls, ofhce, rotunda, corridors, reception rooms, parlors, dining hall, etc. ; wide and lofty halls lead to the rotunda, which is unusually handsome in decorations. The parlors arc furnished in a pleasing and substantial manner, the best goods having been purchased and arranged with corresponding results. The three handsome dining halls, the longest being 35 feet by ICO in dimensions, with perfect and extensive kitchen and carving room facilities, are under the control of experienced stewards and a renowned chtf. Easy staircases afford access to the various floors, while safety passenger elevators convey guests up and down at will. There are two hundred bedrooms, including several suites for families, all richly fur- nished, and unusually cosy and comfortable accom- modations are afforded for between three and four hundred guests, and on special occasions as many as 500 have been entertained. Five separate staircases communicate with each floor, while the engine and boiler are placed in a building separated from the hotel block. It will thus be seen 'hat every precaution has been taken to protect guests. The situation of the Rossin renders it the most desirable stopping place for the travelling public ; it is convenient to all depots, steamboat wharves, places of amusement and leading business houses. The hotel embodies all such conveniences as a railway ticket office, telegraph and telephone offices, news stand, etc., while many large stores are in the block. The offices and silting rooms are lit by the electric light, and every improvement is embodied. The Rossii^ has long been the fashionable stopping place in Toronto for the leading families both of the Do- minion and abroad , and its register is the first .scanned by the ubiquitous reporter who is seeking prominent arrivals. The ^taff of the Rossin employees numbers over 100 ; the service is admirable, while the cuisin& is not excelled oh the continent. Mr. Henry J. Nolan is the popular chief clerk, a gentleman of large experience in the hotel business, and whose urbanity is only equalled by his success in making guests happy and comfortable. Mr. Irish brings ta the personal superintendence of every department «0 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. the lengthy experiei.v;e, thorough system of mannge- ment and facilities which have hecn the factors of his success in the past. For rctinemcnl, (juiet elegance and comfort the n inio of the Kossin is synonymous ; and as the representative institution of its kind in Ontario, Toronto can well lie congratulated upon having it located in her midst, thus securing the passage of I'he larger share of the best tourist travel of the season within her limits. John'Kay, Carpets, Oil -Cloths, Linoleums and ■General House Furnishings, Wholesale and Retail, ^4 King Street West.— The firm of which Mr. Kay IS the sole owner was commenced during the year 1843 by Ik'lley & Brown (changing in 1847 to Uetley ■& Kay) as a general dry goods business on the corner ■of King and Yonge Sts., where they did an immense trade. During the winter it was quite a frequent occurrence that customers came from Goderich and other equally distant points, driving in with sleighs and doing their year's purchasing in staples of all kinds, fretiuently remaining in the city for several ■dayF, and invariably making headquarters at the -establishment of Betley & Kay. About 15 years ago Mr. Betley retired, and the business was continued at the old stand by Mr. Kay, under the old firm name. With the growth of country and city the business, under the able management of Mr. Kay, increased "very rapidly. As the lease of the premises where he had so long conducted business would expire in a short time he decided to remove to his present com- modious quarters, and confine his business to the carpet trade, with all necessary and kindred lines, ■which he did about five years ago. The result of such a venture no doubt caused many of his friends to question whether he had not lost his hold on the public ; but the result has abundantly proved his wisdom, for he owns and controls the largest carpet trade in the Dominion of Canada, and it is no empty i>oast to say that he sells to customers in .Montreal and (,)ucbec lines they cannot get only through him ; these results are not the result ol chance or luck, at some choose to call it, but are the rerult of business ability combined with originality of method. The premises at present occupied by Mr. Kay at 34 King Street West are extensive, the ground Hoor or main salesroom being 26x205 feet, and re.illy there does not seem to be room enough on that floor to accom- modate their customers at certain seaions'. The second floor is fitted up for and used as a sales- room for curtains and rues. They occupy in all four floors, including the basement, the two upper floors being about half the length of the main floor or salesroom, and upon each floor is stored in great quantities everything connected with their business — carpets, rugs, oil-cloths in all shapes, sizes, colors and patterns, curtains with every conceivable style of fixture and hanging, and all el cettra neces- sary to complete a perfectly appointed establishment of the kind. John B. Kay is the buyer and manager outside the office, and it is to his ability and methods to some extent that the business has attained such proportions. It is true that Mr. Kay, Sr., is responsible to a large degree for the thoroughness which Mr. Kay, Jr., possesses in every detail of the business, and there need be no fear of the extensive business of the house falling off so long as J. B. Kay continues in the position he now so ably fills, for the taste he displays in purchasing assures a ready sale for their goods. In so extensive an establish- ment, with every department fully equipped, it neces- sarily requires 30 willing and skillful hands to do the business ; besides, they employ about 35 girls in sewing carpets, etc., making during the busy season a colony of busy and intelligent workers, with no drones. Th« Lamb Knitting Maehln* Mfg. Oo., Manufacturers of the Lamb Knitting Machine and Tuttle Circular Machine, J. M. Statten, Sole Agent, 44 Church Street. — The Lamb Knitting Machine Manufacturing Company, whose works are located at Chicopee Falls, Mass., is the largest of its kind in the United States. The Massachusetts Arms Co. is also owned and conducted by the same company. They manufacture the Lamb Knitting Machines, the Tuttle Circular Knitting Machines, Automatic Rib Top Machines, English Seaming Machines, Automatic Racking Border Machines, Power Lamb Cardigan Jacket Machines, and others. The Company have been established since 1862, and their agency for the Dominion, which is located at 44 Church Street, in this city, has been established since 1865. The capital slock of the Company is $20,000, and the President is Mr. T. W. Carter, while Mr. T. C. Pa.7e is Managing Director and Treasurer. A large part of the product ot the Company is sold in Germany, the other being distributed throughout the United States, Canada and England. The knitting machines made by this Company are unsurpassed by any in the market, and have attained a wide popularity for the excellence of the work done by them. Mr. J. M. Statten is the sole agent for the Dominion, and is an American by birth, although he has -esided in Canada more or less since 1866, locating permanently in 1879, and becoming agent for the Company in 1881. lie gives employment to five lady assistants, who give .- mt an m^s^ TORONTO. 01 instriictiunii how to operate- the mncliineii by those I who purchase; ihcm. Mr. Siaticn is a j;ciuleinnn ■ well (jiKtlilied for the po.>iiiioii lie occupies, and in iiis hands the atl'airs of the Company will not be j neglected. Th« Walker Hou««i David Walker, iiroprietor, ■corner Front and York .Streets. —Among the many excellent holds of which Toronto can justly tee! proud, the Walker House lakes a des rved ])lace in the front rank. It is most eligibly located for the travelling public, being in close proximity to the Union .Station, which is the t:'"vt.rging point for all railways connecting the city wiin the outside world. The hotel is a handsome strucire, built solidly of brick, and having a commnndir,; apjiear- ance. It contains 135 well-lighted nnd i iry bed- rooms, a large and tastefully furnished dinirg room, ^tting rooms, and sample rooms for the acci mmoda- tion of coiiimercial travellers, «ho as a r.tle make this popular house their head(|uarters. A beautiful view of Toronto Hay and Ilanlan's Island is obtained from the windows of the house. The menu of the house is unexcelled, all the delicacies of the season being liberally supplied on the table, while the Josaph MoOausland Ik Sent Stained GlaiiK Works- established A.l). 1S56--76 King St. West. — The business o( this (irm was established in 1856. About live years ago the present copartnership was formed. In the designing ol stained glass no esiab- lisliment in the Dominion occupies so prominent a jiosition as the lirm of J. .McCausland iV Son. They have executed many large and im|)ortant contracts in a manner which rellects upon them ihe highest jiraise. Recently they designed an elaborate ond highly artistic allegorical ceptre-])iece for the dome of the new building of the Hank of Montreal, which we have noticed somewhat in detail in our article on that bank. This lirm executes designs of all sorts in stained glass, and orders or contracts in- trusted to McCausland & .Siin are carried out with every, care and satisfaction. A very large stock is cariieil, including, in great variety, memorial and other windows for churches and public buildings, household stained glass from original designs ; wheel cut, sand cut, embossed, bent, bevt-lled, an, Stock lirokers, 26 Toronto Street,— In all large business communities the stock broker is an important personage. Most of the financial iransactions which are daily being opeiatetl in "".il- road, telegraph and produce stocks are ni;mipula;td by them. I'lominent amongst those 'engaged in this line in the city of Toronto is the well-known firm of Messrs. Cox iV Co,, whose elegantly fitted up offices are located at 2O Toronto Street. This busi- ness has been established over ten years, and is now one of the most extensive in the stock brokering busi- ness in this city and Canada, It has leading connections with the principal operators in the Dominion and the United States, and private wires from the principal stock operating centres, Chicago and Oil City, lead into their office. The offices occupied are luxuriously furnished and supplied with all the conveniences and data of ini'ormation for those dealing in stocks, Chicago grain and provisions and oil. The firm have numerous branch offices throughout Western Canada, among the number being those at St. Thomas, Wood- stock, London, Ingersoli, Hamilton, Whitby, Oshawa, Port Hope, Peterborough, Napanee, Lindsay, Belle- ville, Trenton, Montreal, Quebec, etc. Mr. Cox is a prominent member of ihe Toronto Stock Exchange, and is a native of I'rinceKd ward County, Ontario. He is a thorough man of business, understanding all the details and operations of his intricate l)usiness. He is a most popular gentleman, and a prominent feature in our Canadian sporting circles. I le is a true lover of all manly sports, and has contributed greatly to the success of baseball and other sports in this city. John Hal lam, Tanners' Supplies, Hides, Leather, Wool ; Agent for Parks & Son's Cotton Warps, 83 and 85 Front Street East. — The oldest dealer herein hides and wools is John Hallam. He is a represen- tative of English pluck ami worth, rising above all obstacles. lie was a mill hand, and came to Canada a poor boy. He is now a rich and liberal merchant. He has founded a free public library in Toronto. Other public works owe their inception and progress to him. He has held the position of alderman in Ihe city government for a dozen years. Mr. Hal- lam's business is hides, wool and skins, and amounts to a million of dollars a year. 92 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Th« T«mper«ne« and Ocntral Llf« Assuranoa Oempany of North Amarloa, Manning Arcade, 1st Floor.— The iilca of .^n insurance company that gives to total abstainers the benefit of the sta- tistical fact that the average life among such is of greater length than among those who indulge in intoxicating li(|uors, even to a moderate degree, is an excellent one. The Temperance and General Life Assurance Company of North America, whose head oftice is in the Manning ^rcnde, King .Street West, have been lately organized in Canada, with aguarantcc fund of $100,000, and have deposited with the Dominion Government, for the security of policy-holders, $50,000. All those now insured are young and healthy persons, and it is not jirobablo thai UKiny los>csHill be cienti-il biforo sonu' time; JO ilays ol [jrace are allowed for the renewal of a policy payment, and sliouKl it lap'-c it may be renewed ajjaiii within one year upon lavorablo terms. A policy is noii-Uirfeitable afier two years, and indisput.ible after three annual payments have been made. The Comp.tny ol'fer the most f.'.vornble terms for insurers, both temperance and otherwise, lion. Geo. \V. Ross, Minister of IMura'.ioii, is I'lesiilent : lion. S. H. HIake and Robert McLean, l-^sq., Vice- I're-idcnts. 11. O'llara, Hsq.. tile Mi.naj^inj; Director, is a gentleman eminently ([ualilied for the position. He is Treasurer o f the Domiiiicm Lines, and I'.G. W, V. of the Sons of Temperance, besides holding other iniivirtant otticts. He is an Irishman by birth, and inlierits tlieir genuine qualities of heart, anil has lived in this country for 40 years. North Amerioan Life Assura'JC* Co., North .\merican Life .\ssurance Company, with it> Incorporated iiiuler Dimiiiiiou Ai(. 1S70, Manii.iig headiiiiarters as above. Of comparatively recent Arcade. Ring .Street West. l'orciiio>t among the date, it has made more rapid strides in the growth life insurance companies of the Dominion is the and volume of its business than any other a.-suranec ss TORONTO. 93 the bl.^ ecn on. ice- on. her veil it-i ■on I »th ncc company in Canada. Durinj; the year 1S85, 977 applications, for $2,112,500, were rcceiveil, iipun which were issued 905 policies for $1,979,500. This is a volume of new business not only in excess of that done by the Company in any previous year, but very much in excess of that secured by any other home company during the same year from its organization. The North .\merican Life Assurance Company h.is been very happy in the selection of its management. Much of the Company's unequallei success as a home institution is to be attributed chiefly to the hard work and business capacity of the .Managing Director, Mr. William McCabe, to the influential and friendly sup- port of its Honorary and Provincial Directors, to its efficient staff of .Agents, its liberal and approved forms of insurance, combined with its liberal prin- ciples and practices, and especially to its prompt payment ol all just and approved claims upon maturity and completion of proofs — the taint of litigiousness and ex-isperaiing red-tapism being en- tirely unknown to this Company. One important fact that may be mentioned reg.arding the North American is that it has $2.42 of assets for each $1 of liability, and among other things of an equally laud- able kind, it does not require the assured to guarantee and warrant the statements made in the application. It issues all the approved forms of policies and annuities, as also a new form of policy, under ihe name of "commercial insurance,'' which has been copyrighted by the .Managing Director. At the head of the Company is the Hon. .Alexander Mackenzie, €x- Prime .Minister, whose name and character are synonymous with everything that is honorable and upright. The Man.iging Director, William McCabe, l'-s(|., K.I. A., F.S.S., an underwriter of great ability and industry ; he is an accomplished niathematician, courteous and inviting in his manners, and has devoted his time and talents to promoting the interests of the Company, being assisted by a Hoard of Directors in- cluding many of the most prominent men of Toronto. Following are the Directors : President, Hon. .\lex. Mackenzie, .M.l'., ex-Prime .Minister of Canada ; Vice-Presidents, Hon. Alexander Morris, .M.P. P. : John L. Blaikie, Esq., President Canada Landed Credit Company; Managing Director, W.McCabe, Ksq., F.I..\., FS..S., Eng.: Hon. G. W. .Mian, Senator; A. Desjardins, .M. '^., Montreal; Hon. D. A. Macdoiiald, ex-Lieut. - Governor of Ontario ; Andrew Robertson, l''>q., Pres. .Montreal Harboi Trust; L. W. Smith. Esq., D.C.L., President Building iV Loan .\ssociation ; W i^.C, M.I^^^, London ; J. K. Toronto ; John Morison, Est]. America Fire .Assurance Co.; E LL. I)., Vice-Pn-siilenl Toronto 11. Cook, Esi] , M.P., ToKMltc) Es(|., Presitlent liritish Canadian Lnan and Invest- ment Co.; I). McCrae, Es(|., Manulacturer, ( iiielph; E. Giirney, Esq., .ManufacHiier, Toronto; .\. Giinn, Esc),, M.P., Merchant, Kingston: j'lhn N. Lake, Esq., Broker and Financial .-\genl ; Edward Galley, Esij., Director Land Security Co.; IS. I!, Hughes, Esij. (Messrs. Hughes I'ros.. WholcsaU' Merchants) ; James Thorburn, Esq., .M.D, NUilical Director; James Scott, Esq., .Meiclinnt, Director Doniinimi Bank ; Wm. (_'iordon, Es(]., Toronto ; Robert J aflVay, j has rendered the city an important centre of livery interests. Among the most deservedly popular and I liberally patronized establishments in this city is the well-known I'ark Livery, of which W. J. .Mun- shaw is the esteemed proprietor. The business is 1 very old established, dating back to 1S60. W. j. Munshaw now occupies most centrally-located and i spacious premises, at Nos, 173 and 175 McCaul 1 Street, comprising an entire three-story building, 25x130 feet in dimensions, and where he always has in readiness elegant N'ictorias, coupes, hacks, Prcts, buggies, etc. He is an authority on horses, and is I noted for keeping good stock in his stables, while I careful drivers in livery accompany vehicles. The j best circles of the community are among his patrons, ! and he has also developeii a large and growing I general trade. W. J. Munshaw was born in Toronto, ' and is a young business man who has in a few years I achieved a most enviable reputation, and seeks to ! merit the continuance of the public favor. He I guarantees prompt service, and with direct telephone I communication people in any part of the city can ! summon a vehicle without worry or delay. To ! those who desire efficient service, we cordially com- I mend the Park Livery. . R. Meredith, Es(]., Kerr, Es(i., (J.C., , GoveinJ)6."33'45' The to;al li.ibilities are $5,744,512.90, and total asse's immediately available $1,302 0S2.16. The net profits, alter deiiucting charges of manage- ment, inter' st accrued upon depMsjis, and liter making provision for bad and doubtful ilebrs. were $110,- 2 7t) 6.S ; profit and loss, $,S,547.4i. The bank has iviid the usual dividends at the rate of 6 pe; cent, per aniuim, and brought th-' reserve finul up to $500,000, and this amount has been earned siiux- the reorg.nni/ation of the bank in iSJil. This is an excellent showing, a-id s|ieaks well for the manage- ment. Mr. C. Holland, Esq , is ttie efficient general man.Tger, and a gentleman of excellent financial abilities. Sir W. I'. Howland is the president of the bank, and a gentleman too well known to require anv comment in this article. 04 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Toronfo 8af« Works, J. J. & Taylor, Manu- facturers of Fire and Burglar Proof Safes, Bank Vaults, etc., corner of Front and Frederick Streets. Established 1855. — For many years there was a hand to hancj struggle between science and roguery, and very frequently roguery won the contest. As the safe manufacturer improved in his methods the burglar improved in his also, but like all similar contests, science at last triuniphetl and the burglar has been defeated. The safes made by ]. &. J. Taylor, the Toronto Safe Works, have withstood the attacks of burglars for over 30 years, a record unequalled by any other safe manufacturing concern in the country. The Toronto .Safe Works were found'ed in 1855 by Messrs. 1. & J. Taylor, and are now located at the corner of Front and Frederick .Streets. Since the establishment of the concern many additional build- ings have been erected from time to time, as the requirements of their increasing business demanded, until to-day they are very extensive ; the main build- ing is 70x250 feet in dimensions, of four floors and basement, and .substantially built of brick ; there are other smaller attached buildings. The machinery used is of the latest and most approved pattern, and admirably adapted for the work re<|uirod ; a 65 horse power Westinghouse engine is used to drive the he.avy machinery, and they have the largest angle-cutting and planing machines in the country, and powerful ele- vators copable of conveying the heaviest safes to any part of their works. The business is divided into ten departments : the burglar-proof, where safes for banks and mercantile houses are made ; the fire proof department, where safes specially adapted to withstand fire are manufactured ; then the levelling, filling, blacksmith s shop, cabinet works, painting, bank locks and shipping departments. A force of 125 skilled mechanics are employed, and their labor is thoroughly systematized, so that the most perfect results are obtained. The safes made by this firm have obtained an enviable reputation throughout the entire Dominion, and are used in the Finance Department of the Government and most of the banks and safe-deposit companies throughout the country, .is well as large commercial houses. They have given the utmost satisfaction, and have withstood the fierce attacks of the devouring elements and the desperate burglar when many others of different manufacture have succumbed. The members of the firm are gentlemen who have a thorough practical knowledge of every detail of the extensive business- they control, and have succeeded in giving to the- mercantile public a reliable safeguard, for which they are reaping their reward. TORONTO. 95- The Queen's Hotel, McGaw & Winnett, pro- prietors. — There is nothing which adds so much to the prestige of a city in the estimation of visitors as first-class hotel accommodation. It is a well estab- lished fact that no city in Canada possesses finer hotel accommodation than the city of Toronto, and it is an equally incontrovertible assertion that no house in the Dominion has a more solid and wide-spread reputation than the really first class establishment known as the ''Queen's." Situated on 1-ront Street West, the location is one of the most eligible in the city; being adjacent to the Lake, it commands a splendid view of Toronto Bay and Lake Ontario, and is at the same time conveniently situated to the depot 'and wharves. The building, which is of modern construction, is a three-storied one, covering a large area of ground, used exclusively for hotel purposes ; the lawns and gardens affording a pleasant retreat for guests and visitors in the summer months. The " (Queen's " is known as one of the coolest houses in summer in Canada, and is elegantly furnished throughout; roims en suite, with bath rooms and every convenience on each floor, and all the modern comforts of a first-class metropolitan hotel. The office, reading and dining rooms are located on the first floor, and are fitted up in the most thorough and convenient style, and are connected with each floor by spacious and easy stairways and elevators ; the halls and corridors are wide, light and convenient, while the rooms are all com- modious, handsomely furnished and elegant in all their appointments, fixtures and upholstery ; there are three main entrances, as well as back and side doors, so as to render exit safe and easy in the case of fire. The "Queen's" has been liberally patronized by royalty and nobility during their visits to Toronto, and among those who have honored it with their patronage are His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia, then- Royal Highnesses Prince Leopold, Prince George, Princess Louise, the Marquis of Lome, the Karl and Countess of Dufferin, the Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne, and the best families. The beautiful grounds about it being both spacious and airy, with croquet and tennis lawns, render it one of the most pleasant and desirable hotels for business men, pkasure- scekers and the travelling public. The house is an old established one, but at no jieriod in its annals has it reached a higher degree of pojiulaiity than under its present widely - respected anil popular proprietors, Messrs. McGaw A: Wni- net', both of whom are well and favorably known in a large circle of business and social friends. These gentlemen assumed the management of the hotel on the first day of May, 1874, and the patronage it enjoyed under the able ad- ministration of the late- Capt. Dick was rapidly doubled. Experienced ho- tel men themselves, Mes- srs. McGaw iV Winnett as- sociated with their personal efforts a practical and effi- cient staff of assistants. The cuisine cannot be surpassed for excellence and luxury, every delicacy being furnished in secson. The house is capable ot accommodating four hundred guests, and while cen- trally located, its quiet surroundings make it a favorite resort for private families and ladies, by whom, iu addition to the general business public, it is largely patronized. Messrs. McGaw cS: Winnett are also proprietors of the (^)ueen's Royal Hotel at Niagara, and possess the prif.cipal interest in the Tecumseh- House at London Ontario. The first- named gentle- man is also a prominent figure in yachting circles. J. W. Petterson & Bro., Importers and Manu- facturers of Tarred Building I'aper, Dry Building Paper, etc., 217 Front Street East. — The firm of J, W. Patterson cV Bro., who are located at 217 Front Street East, have been established in Toronto for the past four years, and are now in jail, or, in other words, they occupy for their works the old jail build- ing between Front Street and the Esplanade, next i the Gas Works. It is a massive granite building, antl well ada])ted to their business. The firm are im- porters and manufacturers of tarred building paper, ! dry building paper, moth-proof carpet felt, ready [ roofing, roofing pitch, coal tar and roof paint, in. \ which they deal extensively, and sell principally to I roofers and the wholesale trade throughout Ontario, i Their tarred building paper and ready roofing is- ' suitable for all buildings, climates and conditions, and by all is believed to be the most '■erviceable. Their moth-proof carpet felt is very valuable as a preventative of the destruction of carpets by moths, and is really the only absolutely sure safeguard against spoliation by those insidious insects. The firm give- ! employment to five competent workmen, who are kept constantly busy. Both Mr. J. W. and Mr. N. i L. Patterson are native Canadians, having been born in Blantyre, Ontario. Mr. J. W. Patterson attends I to the office in Montreal, while his brother has the ' management in Toronto. Both are young andenter- : prising gentlemen, full of business snap and energy, I and are building up an excellent trade throughout the j Province, where their goods are well and favorably I known. rs» mmmmm 96 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Poaraon Brothars, Real Estate Brokers, Insurance and Financial Agents, Valuators, Arbi- trators, etc. : Offices, 17 Adelaide Stree' East. — In real estate circles the Messrs. Pearson Brothers must be regarded as a firm who have materially assisted in making things move of late years in Toronto, and to-day the city is the pride and wonder of the Dominion on account of the magnificent buildings which are being erected in every direction, and the general display of activity. The handsome offices of this enterprising firm are situated at 17 Adelaide Street East, where they carry on an extensive busi- ness as real estate, insurance and financial agents, including the buying, selling, exchanging, renting, superintending and improving of houses and lands ; management of estates, collection of rentals, buying and selling mortgages, supplying valuations ; acting as arbitrators, investment and financial agents ; loan- ing money and insuring property. This establish- ment may justly claim, as it is generally allowed to be, the most prominent in the country, and the commercial standing of the house ranks amongst the very highest. They have handled some of the finest and most valuable property, as well as many of the largest financial transactions in the Dominion. This house dates its inception back to 1870, prior to which one of this firm was manager with Bishop Strachan and Capt. Strachan, they being among the largest land-owners in Toronto. The premises occupy the entire ground floor, having a main office for the manager, book-keeper and clerks, and three private offices in the south end for members of the firm, their clerical staff numbering six. Both gentlemen at the head of this house were born in Canada, and are recognized in all commercial communities as men of integrity of purpose and straightforward dealing, while they enjoy a deservedly wide popularity in social circles. Both are members of the Board of Trade. Palmar Neuaa, King and York Streets, J. C. Palmer proprietor. — The Palmer House, corner of King and York Streets, is not only one of the best located hotels in this city, but is also one of the most comfortably and liberally managed. The name of Mr. J. C. Palmer, the esteemed proprietor, has long been prominent in Canadian hotel circles, being the pro- prietor of the splendid Ketby House in Brantford, one of the largest hotels in the Dominion, and which under the present able management has become one of the most fashionable resorts in the country. Mr. Palmer runs the Kerby, with its 200 rooms, grand salon, etc., upon the most thorough system coupled with a liberal policy, and is a great favorite with tourists, and the travelling public. The Kerby is conducted on the standard of the best New York and Saratoga hotels. Recently, Mr. Palmer seeing the splendid opening existing in Toronto for a strictly first-class hotel to be run on the plan of the Kerby, purchased the sp.icious and central premises, corner King and York Streets, where he has opened the Pahiier House, in 'every respect second to none in the city. It is a substantial four-story building, having a mag- nificent frontage of loo feet on King Street by 90 on York, thus alTording unexcelled accommodation for over icx) guests. The gents' smoking and reading room and parlor, with the hotel offices, are situated on the ground floor, linndsome and comfortable; on the first floor are the luxuriously furnished ladies' parlors, with rooms en suite for families on the floor above ; the large and airy dining room is well located on the first floor. In connection with the house are an elegant bar and billiard parlors, also a barber shop. rJucsts find themselves directly central to the best stores, the banks and all objects of interest, afld within a few minutes' walk of the wharves and rail- road station, the City 'Bus Line transferring all patrons of the house to and from the hotel. Mr. Palmer was born in Waterloo, N.Y., removing to Brantford twenty years ago, in which city he has achieved an international reputation. What the Kerby House is to Brantford, he is rapidly making the popular Palmer House to Toronto ; his geniality and personal interest in securing the comfort and pleasure of his guests, coupled with the present accommodations he ofTers, rendering him the most popular hotel proprietor to-day in the Dominion. Ewing it Co>, Manufacturers and Importers of Plate Glass Mirrors, Photo Stock, Mouldings, &c. , 87 Front Street West.— It is not so many years ago since art was unknown in Canada, at least as a native industry. Life was occupied in contending with nature in gaining a competence or in accumulating a fortune. The wealth thus acquired created new desires, and with the increasing refinement and culture of subsequent generations, industry and enter- prise soon established means for gratifying the demands of an educated and intelligent people. Con- spicuous in the establishments devoted to this branch of science stands the prominent house of Messrs. Ewing & Co. Founded some eighteen years ago by the present head of the house, this firm, by its judici- ous.and thorough business administration, has so ad- vanced in popular favor as to now stand facile princepi amongst contemporary establishments. Commencing business as a photographer and afterwards as a dealer in photographer's stock, Mr. Ewiiig, by energy and enterprise, combined with strict integrity, built up the present colossal proportions of his trade, in whicn he now employs some 100 hands. The premises occupied by the firm consist of four large spacious flats 35x175 feet in dimensions ; of which the first is devoted to wood- working, whitening, etc., with a large quantify of photographic stock ; the second to mount-making, frame stock and a varied and costly array of art furniture ; on this flat is also the designing room, with every imaginable sample of design ; the third flat carries the moulding stock, which is very large and of every conceivable variety, the finishing and gilding rooms, with bronze and painting work ; while the fourth flat is devoted to a variety of objects of an interesting nature, and contains an immense stock of material connected with this extensive in- dustry. A visit to the show rooms and factory of Messrs. Ewing & Co. will be well repaid. There is every variety of mouldings, picture frames, mirrors, wood mantels and over mantels, photographic stock, plate glass and oil -laintings, which are executed by a staff of artists. I! ; stock carried is an enormous one, and complete .;i every detail. Large salaries are paid to specialists in art designing, etc., in order that the firm may be able to produce nothing but first-class work, and in this resp ct it can com- pete with any foreifjn or domestic establishment. The trade of the house extends all over the Dominion, entailing the services of a number of travellers. In short, by dint of perseverance and enterprise, by the utilization of improved machinery and competent and skillful mechanics, and with a wide and far-reaching policy on the part of the firm, this house now stands in its proudly pre-eminent position as one of the leadinsi institutions of the Dominion. . ^: erKou BrANYfQRD. WMf^^' Co"- King & York S^s ONT. 'z:i^WxrWt:-'' Toronto. *"* ' Proprietor^ — '-^-V GV/i^G-B-co-"*: 'ottnrecs of anb Dtalert in mi ^ : OOP ® Mci/^^Elsg 87 front 3trret pleot ^ opposite tHiutn's 'Cjottl )OROr2iO, 0/^i. z o r o H z O .o ui £ (0 (0 UJ ^ bJ Z O H U U U z O O (0 'oa 03 1 TORONTO. 97 U> z o o z o a: z u X (0 0) UJ O H U UJ U. z O O CO '(0 ffi >■ Th« Ontario Wadding Oak* Manufae- "lory, Harry Webb, Caterer and Confectioner, 447 Yonge Street. — For many years Delmonico, the ^caterer of New York City, was as well known throughout the country as the President of the United States. Toronto also has its Delmonico, who is not excelled by his American contemporary, even in his most palmy days. Mr. Harry Webb, of 447 Yonge Street, stands unrivalled throughout the Dominion, and in certain specialties, not even on the American continent. Mr. Webb established the business of caterer and confectioner in 1876, at 483 Yonge Street. His father had been in business for 35 years previous to that time. Four years only elapsed when Mr. Harry Webb's business increased to such proportions, that he was compelled to erect a beautiful three story brick structure at 447 Yonge Street, 50x100 feet in dimensions, with basement, Mr. Webb, gives employment to 16 competent assis- tants who are adepts in their line. He also uses in the conducting of his immense business four horses and delivery wagons. Mr. Webb has one of the most handsomely fitted up establishments in the Dominion, and in all its departments is most com plete and excellently conducted. He makes a par- ticular specialty of wedding cakes and wedding cake goods, tor which he receives orders from parties in the leading cities in the Dominion, and has also re- ceived orders even from the City of New York, for wedding ceremonies. Mr. Webb attends to all the requisites for celebrations and entertainments giving estimates per plate, including everything necessary, -wtth use of fine china, glass, silverware, centres, cut- lery, linen, napkins, tables, flowers, waiters, etc. He has at present on hand $12,000 worth of silver- ware for use on such occasions, and he is constantly adding to his assortment, the latest novelties and de- signs In that line. He visits England, France and Germany, for the purpose of studying the latest styles in vogue there, which he immediately introdnces into this country. He caters to evening parties, recep- tions, banquets, etc., and his lines of confectionery, ice creams, water ices, sherbets, wine jellies, pastry, fancy ornamental dishes, French fruit glaces, and all other such articles in that line. In the manufacture of his goods, Mr. Webb uses all the latest and most improved machinery, and a four horse power, gas engine, for working the ice cream freezers, etc. In the basement there are four departments, such as bread, wedding cake, ice cream and confectionery. Mr. Webb has imported from Germany, china recep- tacles which are very expensive, but most excellent for the containing of ice cream. The retail depart- ment is in the front part of the building, and the ice cream parlors in the rear, the latter having every facility lor the entertainment ol over 100 guests at once. Mr. Webb is a native of Toronto, and is peculiarly adapted for the business over which he exercises immediate superintendence, and which he has made one of the institutions of the city. «!• J.Thralkald & Oe«i Wholesale Manufacturers of Moulding and Picture Frames : Office and Factory, 23 and 25 Pearl Street, Toronto. — One year ago the above-mentioned firm bought out the business from Messrs. Masters & McPhail, and are now doing a very large and successful business. So greatly has their business increased that they have built a large four-story brick building on Pearl Street ; the dimen- sions of the building are 60x120 feet. On the first floor are office and showrooms, the second floor being exclusively given over to the manufacturing of mouldings, the third to plush and fancy goods, the fourth to wall pockets, slipper cases and et cxtera. They give employment to a large number of hands. Both members of the firm are gentlemen born in the city of Toronto. The firm to-day occupy a position in commercial centres which is the envy of many an older house. Their stock is very large and assorted, containing all the latest novelties. The business is carried on with promptness and dispatch. They do a very large business through their drummers, who are constantly out on the road, doing a large trade, which nothing can account for except that the goods, for finish, taste and styles, cannot be surpassed by any other house. They may well be proud of their achievements as manufacturers ; and their uniform honesty and fair dealing, and the excellence of their goods, have placed them in a high position among our business men of Toronto. 0> Wardt Manufacturing Jeweller and Watchmaker, 103 Church Street. — The business conducted by Mr. G. Ward, at 103 Church Street, was origi- nally established by his father in 1 83 1, doing business at different times on Yonge and King Streets, and near the old post ofiice in 1850, and the present location was occupied early this year. Mr. Ward learned his business with his father, and subse- quently went into business with Mr. Stennett. Mr. Ward manufactures to order diamond rings, masonic and other emblems, and medals of all descriptions : he also does electro-plating, chasing and engraving, besides the repairing of watches and clocks. The premises occupied are 18x60 feet in dimensions, and he gives em- ployment to from six to eigh- 1 teen hands, according to the ' season. It is the oldest estab- lished jewellery house in the city. Mr. Ward was born in Rochester, N. Y., and came to Canada with his father in Maridan Silvar Plata Co., Manufacturers of Fine Electro-plated Ware. Factories at Meriden, Con., U.S. and Hamilton, Ont.; Salesrooms, 14 Colborne Strtet. H. R. Warren, Manager, Toronto Office. — Among the most prominent of the Electro- plate Works in the Dominion of Canada must be ranked the Meriden Silver Plate Co. , an American enterprise, with head-quarters for the Dominion at Hamilton, Ont. Such has been the increase of business done by this firm, that it was deemed ad- visable to Open a Toronto warehouse ; accordingly, the handsome building at No. 14 Colborne Street, with a sample-room 40x90 feet, was utilized, where a complete line of their goods is now carried in stock, which is pronounced a great convenience, both by merchants from out of town as well as local dealers. Mr. H. R Warren, who watches over the ititerests of the firm in the city, is an American, and his varied experience enables him to successfully superintend the delicate work entrusted to his care, For first-class work in its line this house stands pre-eminently in the foremost ranks. 98 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Pox If Oo>( Manufacturers and Dealers in Lum- ber, 324, 326 and 328 King Street West. — One of the most extensive and thoroughly stocked lumber yards in the city is that of Messrs. Fox & Co., at 324 to 328 King Street West, and who occupy extensive premises, being 80 feet on King Street, 230 on Charlotte, and 140 on Balsam Streets, and in which 50 hands are given employment. Amongst the rest of their machinery they have three plainers, three moulding machines, one large re saw, four circular saws, one morticer, etc. The yards are heavily stocked with lumber of every variety and provided with numerous sheds and buildings for the storage of dressed stock. They carry a large stock of pine, walnut, poplar, ash, cabinet oak, white oak, and quartered oak, embracing everything in the building supply line. They also manufacture sash, doors and blinds. They have lieen established 15 years, and their facilities for procuring the most desirable grades of lumber are unsurpassed. Mr. Fox is a native of England, and has been a resident of this country for 31 years, with whose interests he has long been closely identiiied for many years, and to his business ability and that of his co-partners, Messrs. Samuel Johnston and John Smith, is attributable their business success. Oeuldan ti Treniy, Manufacturing lewellers, and Dealers in Diamonds and Precious Stones, etc, 61 King Street East, opposite Toronto Street. — A large and important jewellery establishment on King Street East is that of Messrs. Goulden & Trorey, which is located at No. 61 on that thoroughfare, where those gentlemen carry on a large and success- ful business as manufacturers and dealers. The store is neatly and tastefully fitted up with plate glass show cases and elaborate counters of elegant design. Among the varied assortment of rich and beautiful articles to be seen here are diamonds, precious stones, watches, gold and silver jewellery, electro plate, marble clocks, etc. In the rear of the store is the factory, which is fitted up with all modern appliances for conducting the business on an extensive scale. A staff of eight compettnt workmen are employed. All kinds of jewellery are manufactured and repaired on the premises ; gems are re-set and special atten- tion paid to engraving and designing, also to repairing fine class watches, cronographs, repeaters, split seconds, French clocks, music boxes, etc. Mr. Goulden is a native of Birmingham, England, and his partner, Mr. G. E. Trorey, comes from Niagara Falls, Ont. Both are well and favourably known in Toronto, where they have resided for many years. T. K. MeLallan, Dispensing Chemist, 74 Queen St., Parkdale. — The oldest druggist business stand in Parkdale is that of T. E. McLellan, the dispensing chemist, at 74 Queen St., where the business has been established for the past seven years, and is the leading one in the town. The premises occupied are well arranged and neatly fitted up for the proper manner of conducting his business, and are 18x40 feet in dimen- sions. A full line of pure medicines, drugs, chemicals and toilet articles can always be found in stock. Phy- sicians' prescriptions carefully compounded from the purest drugs. In his establishment the Parkdale post office is situated, and this brings Mr. McLellan a good many callers as well as patrons. He gives employ- ment to two courteous assistants, who are careful and reliable. Mr. McLellan is a native Canadian, and a gentleman who is highly esteemed in the community. ilOhn Burn*' Carriage Works, 104 John Street. — Among the many establishments of this kind which have met rapid and notable success, none are more deserving of attention than that of John Burns, who. was formerly of the firm of Hutchinson & Burns^ Recently the latter opened business for himself at above address, where he has just erected a five story brick building, with an ornamental front, and every- floor is equipped with the latest and most improved appliances. It is one of the handsomest and best arranged shops in the city. He gives employment to 30 skilled workmen, none others being employed. All work is manufactured from the best material, and finished with English varnish. All work is got out under his personal supervision ; he is a practiuai mechanic, and has had 30 years' experience as a carriage builder. A visit to his showroom will con- vince you of the fact, where can be seen all the latest styles of English and American design, and in the highest quality of workmanship, which the skill of the present day can produce. The above establish- ment turns out nothing but first-class work, both in style and finish, and is daily growing into popularity, which is proven by the number of testimonials frono our most wealthy and prominent citizens. T. H. Oraham, L.D.Sm Dental Surgeon, 944 Queen Street West. — Robert Burns, Scotland's be- loved poet, has written of the tortures of those afflicted with the toothache, and in modern times there are very few who are not victims to it. For them'the dentist is a benefactor of the most pronounced typie, if they thoroughly understand their business. T. H. Graham, L D.S., is one of the latter class. He is located in elegant apartments at 944 Queen Street West, which are fitted up with the latest most improved apparatus and dental chairs to be found in Toronto. He has been established in business hers for two years» and was in business with his brother for twelve years. He is a graduate of the Royal College of Dental .Surgeons of Ontario. He was born in Toronto in 1854, and has been a close student of the profession he adopted, which has placed him in a front rank among those in the city. ahn Street, kind which ; are more Burns, who I & Burns^ himself at a five story , and every t improved ,t and best mployment employed, aterial, and k is got out a practiual ience as a. m will con- II the latest and in the :he skill of e establish- )rk, both in popularity, lonials from urgeon, 944. otland's be- lose afflicted es there are or them "the )unced type» OSS. T. H. lass. He is hieen Street )st improved in Toronto. )r two year8» welve years, e of Dental Toronto iik le professiork front rank TORONTO. 90 W. F> AdamSi Hardware and I louse Furnishing Depot ; Stoves and Ranges ; Paints, Oils and Var- nishes, No. 932 Queen Street West. — Mr. W. F. Adams established the present business in 1885, at 932 Queen Street West, and in that short space of time has succeeded in building up a good trade. He was previously engaged for eight years in business with his father at 514 Queen Street West, and also three ' years in the wholesale hard- ware trade, so that he has a thorough knowledge of the business in all its details. He does all kinds of tinsmithing and deals in paints, oils, stoves, ranges, and all kinds of hardware and house furnj-hings, both wholesale and retail. The premises occupied are 35x50 feet in dimensions, in which he carries a well assorted stock of hardware, which is very full and complete. He gives employment to five hands and uses one horse and waggon for his business. He is a Torontonian by birth, and was born in 1859. He is a gentleman of great energy and enterprise, and has by his own individual efforts established a most lucrative business. Chancy Ic Oo«f Bedding Manufacturers, 230 King Street East. — One of the most successful enterprises in this city is the subject of this sketch. The business was first established in 1880 by Messrs. Chaney & Co., at the present loca- tion ; they subsequently sold out their interest to Mr. Courts E. Smith, the present proprietor, in 1883. Mr. Smith was born in Moulton, Lincolnshire, and came to this country in 1882. The premises occupied are 20 by 132 feet, and employment is given to four to six hands. The business of the firm is chiefly manufacturing and renovating bedding of all kinds, having machinery specially adapted for that purpose and used by no other firm, the principal of which is a patent feather renovator, invented by Mr. Chaney and greatly improved by the present proprietor, and is equal to any in use either in the United States or Europe ; also a steam hair picker and cleaner, being a very superior machine, and no material is used un- less it is first thoroughly purified. He finds business improved over lOO per cent, since he commenced, and is well pleased with the venture. 4lfr«d Thompson, Chemist and Druggist, 443 King Street West. — The subject of this brief sketch, Mr. Alfred Thompson, has just commenced business as a chemist and druggist, at 443 King Street West. He is a young man of much promise and ability, being a graduate of the Ontario College of Pharmacy, and already has had some years of practical experience in his profession. He has been identified with the trade in many of the large cities of the United States. Mr. Thompson was born outside of Toronto, and spent a great deal of his time in BufTalo, N.Y. He is a first-prize student of the Ontario College of Phar- macy. He has an attractive store, and is prepared to fill physicians' prescriptions, etc. His stock is most compltte, including all standard proprietory medicines, toilet articles, and all goods usually to be found in similar establishments. Wi il« Oa Naftol, the. Market Drug Store, corner West Market and King Streets — Among the promi- nent drug and medicinal establishments in this city there are none enjoying a higher reputation than the well known "Market Drug Store," on King .Street East, which has now been established more than half a century. The business was founded by Lyman Bros., in 1830, and came into possession of the pre- sent proprietor, Mr. W. J. C. Naftel, in 1877. The location is most desirable, the premises occupied comprising two flats, each having dimensions of 35XICX) feet. The business is carried on both as retail and wholesale, and extemis throughout the city and a large section of the surrounding country. A full and complete stock is carried of French, English and German drugs and chemicals, as well as Ameri- can and Canadian proprietary medicines of standard and reliable reputation. Mr. C. J. Turver, the business manager of the house, is a young man who has had long experience in dealing in and handling drugs, being thoroughly acquainted with their pro- perties and use. Mr. Naftel is a native of Goderich, Ont. , and has had a large and successful experience. Long Ir Mogan, House and Sign Painters, 374 King Street East. — The industrial arts of the City of Toronto approach as nearly as possible to perfection, and this is particularly true of the special department devoted to house and sign painting and decorating. Indeed, the cleanliness and beautiful appearance of the city, which calls forth so much favorable com- ment from visitors and strangers may be attributed, in a great measure, to the efficiency and skill of the many painters and decorators which she contains, any record of which would be incomplete that did not include a notice of Me.ssrs, Long & Mogan, whose establishment is located at No. 374 King Street East, where they carry in stock a well selected assortment of wall paper of every style and pattern, also brushes, paints, oils, etc. They are both prac- tical men to the business, and attend to all orders in house and sign painting, decorating, kalsomining, frescoing, graimng,, paper-hanging, etc. Both gentlemen have had an extensive and practical expe- rience in their line of business, and are in the enjoy- ment of a large and steadily increasing patronage. W« MoDowall, Dealer in Fine Guns, Ammuni- tion, Fishing Tackle and Sporting Goods, 51 King Street East. — The facilities for sporting in and about the city of Toronto are unusually good, and a large number of her citizens, as well as her visitors, are not slow to take advantage of them. As a natural con- sequence a considerable demand is had for sporting goods, and the supplying of them occupies the atten- tion of some of Toronto's most clear-headed business men. The leading house in the city trade in this line is that of Mr. W. McDowall, who established his present busine.^s in 1881. In his neat and commodi- ous store will be found a full line of sporting goods, including fine guns, rifles, revolvers, gun cases, game bags, ammunition, fishing tackle, base ball and cricket goods. Mr. McDowall manufactures all kinds of leather sporting goods, and is thus creating a home industry in a class of work that was hitherto entirely im- ported. Mr. McDowall is a native of Southampton, England, and came to this country in 1867. He is a young man of energy and ability, and commands the respect and esteem of all who do business with him. 100 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ii 0«or|« Kvarlat, Wholesale Fruit and Potato Dealer, 587 Queen Street West. — An influential house engaged in the wholesale fruit and potato trade is that of Mr. George Everist. This house deals ex- clusively in fruit and potatoes on commission. Mr. JBverist has special facilities for supplying dealers, his stock being of such dimensions, that in all cases he is enabled to meet the demands of his customers, and is daily in receipt of consignments from the best pro- ducing districts of the country. The store occupied by Mr. Everist is located at 587 Queen Street West, and is well adapted for the display of the large stock always on hand, being 25x75 feet in dimensions, and two waggons are constantly employed in the delivery of city orders. Mr. Everist is a native of England, and came to Canada in 1862. He is a gentleman of large experience and sound judgment,' and fully deserves the very liberal patronage he enjoys. F. !!• KnewUs, Artist, 30 Adelaide Street East. — The true artist is born, not made. No matter how much study may be devoted to the art, without that inward genius for color and form, the result will be very unsatisfactory It requires an eye for beauty of effect, which is a talent not possessed by all. Mr. F. M. Knowles, Toronto's well-known artist, possesses all the qualifications necessary for a truthful interpre- tation of the art, as anyone may learn by observing him at work in his beautiful and commodious studio. Here may be seen arranged many of his art creations, while the tout ensemble of the place is such as to de- light the eye of the critical spectator. Mr. Knowles, like many men of genius, has had a varied career. Mr. Knowles spent two years in Baltimore, three years in U. S., and has been four years in Canada, where his studio is now located at 30 Adelaide Street East. The productions of his genius are eagerly sought for by the public and the trade. He produces photos in water-color, copied or direct, locket miniatures, India ink work, oil portraits, either photo or canvas, and also crayon work. Mr. Knowles is also an adept in miniature portrait painting and landscape, and whoever places their orders in his hands may be assured of^the utmost satisfaction. DIeki Rldeut li Oo., Manufacturers of Linen and Cotton Bags, etc., Office and Warehouse, 1 1 and 13 Front Street East ; Factory, Esplanade Street. — Both linen and cotton bags are now very extensively used in the purposes of commerce, and their manu- facture is an important one. The most prominent house in this line in the Dominion is that of Messrs. Dick, Ridout & Co. , who are located at Nos. 1 1 and 13 Front Street East. The business was originally founded in 1880, by Messrs. J. & W. P. Dick, and thereafter changed to the present title. The firm are large manufacturers of linen and cotton bags, Hessians and twines, for which they have a large and ready sale throughout the Dominion, their goods being well-known in the market for excellence of quality. The establishment furnishes employment to 30 competent hands on an average throughout the year. The members of the firm are Mr. John Dick and Mr. W. P. Dick, who are natives of Scotland, and Mr. Ridout, who is a native of Toronto. They are progressive and active business men, and by energy, combined with a thorough knowledge of their business, have built up an enviable trade. The gentlemen are active members of the Toronto Board of Trade, and excellent citizens. Whaaton IkOamiianyf Manufacturers of White Dress Shirts, Importers of Fine Hosiery and Fur- nishing Uoods, 17 King Street, corner Jordan Street. — Prominent amongst those in the gent's fur- nishing line is the firm of Wheaton & Co., of No. 17 King Street West, who have been established for the past four years. This house is well and prominently known for the excellence of its work and its honor- able dealing, and is in succession to Mr. J. W. Gales, who is known throughout the Dominion as one of the leading manufacturers in that line in the country. Messrs Wheaton & Co. manufacture shirts, collars and cuffs, etc., and do a large trade throughout Canada and the West. The premises occupied are 23x80 feet in dimensions. Mr. Wheaton is a native of Canada, and is a gentleman most highly esteemed by all who have business transactions or social inter- course with him. Mlaa BHrnatt, French Millinery, Dress and Mantle Making, 95 Yonge Street. — Miss Burnett has now been established in business in Toronto five years, during which time she has always been promi- nent in her line of trade, and enjoying a tirst-class reputation as an artiste of taste and elegance in dress and mantle making. The ever changing fashions, and the delicate and exact nature of the business, require a lady of more than ordinary intel- ligence and ability to preside over, and it is to Mi.ss Burnett's capacity in this respect that she owes her success Her store on Yonge Street is attractively and handsomely fitted up, about 25x75 feet in dimensions. There are to be found everything in the line of millinery to suit the most fastidious taste, as well as samples and specimens of the dress- maker's art. Miss Burnett is an English lady, but has been in Canada a great many years. She has thirty skilled operators who are given constant em- ployment, her customers being amongst the most fashionable class of our citizens. Hanry LIndaay, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Pure Teas, Cofiees, Groceries, Provisions, etc., 60 King Street West.— Merit has, from the first, shown itself to be the victor in wrestling with pretence, and no more plainly has this been demonstrated than with the career of Mr. Henry Lindsay, of 60 King Street West. A native of Belfast, in the north of the Green Isle, where he first saw the light of day in 1833, and spent his boyhood and early manhood on his native heath, coming to Canada in i860, and almost immediately went to work as a grocer's clerk, where he thoroughly studied the wants of the people of his adopted home, and very soon thereafter deter- mined to make the venture on his own account. And so well satisfied was he with the verdict of his opin- ions, that he merely went across the street, and with small means but abundant hope he entered into business for himself, thinking there was always an opening for those who seek it in the commerce of a growing city such as he had cast in his lot with. From a small beginning, in i860, he has succeeded in building up a large and lucrative trade, retaining until the present many of those as customers who at first, or during the first year favored ) ^ with their patronage. They do not for a mom*, .lesitate to send their orders, as personal supervision is not neces- sary with any orders sent him, as he is so conversant with the wants of his customers that a mistake is the exception. A TORONTO. 101 of White and Fur- Jordan gent's fur- of No. 17 led for the ominently its honor- W. Gales, one of the country, -ts, collars hroughout cupied are Is a native y esteemed ocial inter- Dress and Burnett has oronto five )een promi- n tirst-class slegance in changing ture of the inary intel- it is to Miss le owes her attractively 75 feet in 'erything in it fastidious of the dress- sh lady, but s. She has onstant ein- st the most :ail Dealer in ons, etc., 60 ; first, shown ith pretence, Dstrated than of 60 King 5 north of the ht of day in manhood on in i860, and rocer's clerk, of the people reafter deter- ccount. And ;t of his opin- eet, and with entered into as always an ommerce of a >twith. From succeeded in ade, retaining tomers who at ^ with their .lesitate to in is not neces- I so conversant mistake is the Jacob N«rr li Oe.i Piano Manufacturers, 90, 92 and 94 Duke Street. — Wherever the divine gift and art of music has found its way throughout all parts of the civilized world, the value of a really first-class piano is duly appreciated, and in this respect the city of Toronto has acquired an enviable reputation for the excellence of the musical instruments which are here produced. Among the establishments in this line, a visit to that of Mr. Jacob Herr, on Duke Street, will repay the time spent. This enterprise was started at the beginning of the present year, and has already succeeded in securing a large and steadily increasing patronage. The premises occupied consist of a new four-storey brick building, specially erected for this business, with a frontage of 120 by a depth of I 90 feet, all. of which are fully utilized. Everything in connection with the instruments is made here, the , work being divided into four departments, namely : j case-making, varnishing, finishing and key-making. 1 A force of twenty skilled operatives are engaged, all j under -the immediate supervision of Mr. Herr, who is | himself a practical man to the business. Eight styles | of beau'iful rosewood instruments are manufactured, ; in Grands, Squares and Uprights, including concert, 1 parlor, boudoir and cabinet pianos, all of which are | furnish-d with ^ new improved "sounding board,"! of which Mr. Herr is himself the inventor, and which 1 for powerful volume, purity of tone, and elegance of 1 finish, are absolutely unsurpassed. Agencies have been opened at Montreal, Quebec and Halifax. Mr. Herr, although quite a young man, has had a long and practical experience in his line of manufacture. He is a native of Bavaria, and is possessed of sterling energy and ability requisite to carry on a business of such magnitude and importance. Any record of this establishment would not be complete that did not contain a notice of Mr. J. P. Bichell, the efficient and genial business manager, to whose energetic adminis- tration of its affairs much of its present success is due. P. M. Clark ti Sent Tailors and Gentlemen's Haberdashers, 95 King Street West. — In the com- plexities of city life, the business of merchant tailor- ing may be regarded as one of the greatest importance in furnishing those evidences of refinement and taste in dress that are represented in fashionable and well- fitting garments. As one of the houses in this line of business which has been foremost in promoting the standard uf elegance in dress, that of Messrs. P. M. Clark & Son, No. 95 King St. West, has obtained an enviable reputation. This house was originally founded some 40 or 45 years ago by Gill & Co., and 35 years ago Mr. P. M. Clark acquired it by purchase and established himself, the son being taken into partnership a few years .igo. Their long ex- perience, coupled with an extensive know ledge of what constitutes symmetry and ele- gance of design in wearing apparel, has given them a proficiency attained by few of their compeers, and the truth of this is exemplified in the high character which the garments of this house have attained. The premises oc- cupied are very attractive and commodious, and are fully stocked with a valuable and varied line of the finest European woollens and suitings, embracing the latest patterns in the market. The size of the premises is 25x75 feet in dimensions and three floors in height, where employment is given to 30 hands. The trade of the firm extends throughout Ontario, British Columbia and the North-West, where iiiey have numerous patrons. Mr. P. M. Clark is a native of Scotland, and has resided in this country for the past 35 years. He is a member of the Toronto Board of Trade, and is a gentleman of high character and business attainments. His son is a young gentleman who has made a study of his busi- ness and materially helped to place it upon its present sound basis. Bull's Haad Hotal, Mrs. E. Burke, 146 Niagara Street. — Among the extensive hotels in this city and one that is known from one end of the country to the other by all those who trade in cattle, is the Bull's Head Hotel, 146 Niagara Street. It has been estab- lished for 12 years, and is kept exclusively for cattle men, no other boarders being taken under any con- sideration. It contains one parlor on the second floor, and two sitting-rooms down stairs, and gives accommoflations to 63. The building is 75x120 feet in dimensions, and is two stories high. It has stable attachments and bar, where the best of cigars and liquors are kept. Mrs. E. Burke, widow of the late owner, is now proprietress, but the business is managed by her son, Mr. Lindsay, a very pleasant and capable gentletnan of 28 years, who is Scotch by birth. The appointments of this house are excellent, the table ot the best, and the attention and courtesy siiown to guests a subject of comment among all cattle dealers. John Barron. Boot and Shoe Dealer, 149 King Street East. — This business was founded by Mr. John Barron, thirty years ago, and is one of the most prominent retail establishments in its line on King Street East. The store is commodious and well appointed, and contains a full and complete stock of ladies', gent's and children's fine and medium grades of boots and shoes, trunks, valises and leather g 'ods generally. Mr. Barron has had a long experience in the boot and shoe business, and is thoroughly posted in the wants of both his patrons and the general pub- lic, and is conducting in all respects a model estab- lishment. Mr. Barron came here from his native place in Cumberland, England, 55 years ago. He is a prominent member of the York Pioneers' Associa- tion. ■RHS 102 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. WW Jamas •• MeOraekan, Lumber Dealer.— The lumber industry ii certainly not discarded in Park- dale, for there are several hrms encaged in that line of business, among the number being Mr. James S. McCracken, whose establishment is located at 104 Queen Street. Mr. McCracken was for four years associated with his brother, in Dundas Street, To- ronto, where they conducted the West End Planing Mill and Lumber Yard, and manufactured sai-h, doors, blinds, etc. Dissolving partnership with his brother, he started business for himself, and deals both wholesale and retail in lumber of every descrip- tion, carrying flooring, sheeting, moulding and all kinds of dressed lumber and shingles. He also cuts all kinds of bill stuff to order, tlis premises are 73x150 feet in dimensions, with sheds and stable attached, and he has a horse and waggon for use in his business. Mr. McCracken was at one time a builder and contractor, at 81 Foxley Street, Toronto. He was born in BufTilo, N, Y., but has resided in this country for nearly his entire lifetime, having come to this country when only four years old. Mr. Joseph McCracken, the father ot the above gentleman, was during his lifetime one of Brockville's most respected citizens, and well known as a builder and contractor, and also for a number of years in the retail lumber business, in which trades he built up a considerable fortune. occupied are 25x40 feet in dimensions, and two assistants are therein employed. Mr. Smith keeps a very full line of men's and boys' hats, caps, and furnishings of the newest styles and designs, and of the very best make Mr. Smith is an American by birth, having been born in Michigan. He has a twin brother, Mr. J. Herbert Smith, who is his co- partner in business, and has been all through the North. Mr. J. H. Smith went out to the Norih- We«t at the time of the Rebellion with his regiment, the I2th York Rangers, and visited Batocheand Fish Creek. From present indications of his business it will not be long before he occupies a leading place in the commercial community. John Faggi Brass Founder, 193 King Street East. — A^nanufacturer who can supply the ever in- creasing demand for the many intricate finishings and delicate castings in brass, bronze and soft metals now so extensively used, with efficiency and despatch, is a decided acquisition in an industrial centre like Toronto. In this respect the establishment of Mr. John Fogg, of King Street East, is second to no other in the Dominion as regards the quality of the work produced. This house manufactures all kinds of brass and general castings, a specialty being made of white metal for car brasses, and lead lined brasses, lead and zinc castings, car castings and anti- friction metals, which are unexcelled in the market and made on a plan of which Mr. Fogg is himself the inventor. The business was established by the present proprietor, first on George Street, but owing to its rapid growth a change to more commodious quarters become necessary, when it was removed to its present location in 1880. A two - story brick building is occupied, which has dimensions of 40 by 20 feet, and is fitted with all the most modern appliances required. Among the patrons of this house and where its pro- ductions may be seen in actual use, we might mention the Canadian Pacific and Northern and North- western Railways, also the Toronto Street Railway, and City Water Works. Mr. Fogg is a gentleman who has had a long experience in his business, having been for foureeen years foreman in the firm of John Ritchie & Son, of this city. He is a native of Toronto, and well and favorably known to his patrons and the general public. J. O. Pall Ik Oempany. Manufacturers of every description of Stamp Goods, 27 Adelaide Street East.— This establishment has now had a successful business career of over nine yean. The firm manufacture every description of stamp goods, but make specialties of steel and brass letter cutting, soap stamps, rubber stamps, en- graving and die sinking, lodge and corporation seals, stencils and metal stamps. They also extensively manufacture railroad and bank stamping machines, having agents throughout the Dominion. Mr. J. C. Fell, the senior partner, is apractical man of con- sumate skill, and has, by long experience, a natural aptness and application, become one of the most skilled steel letter-cutters in Canada or the United States. He is a Canadian by birth, but has been nine years in Toronto. Mr. Geo. C. Dowdell is also a practical and accomplished mechanic, who has had an experience of over twelve years in the business. Both members of the firm are men of the right " stamp," and have by their own honest industry and practicability built up the most flourishing trade in their line in the country. The factory, at 27 Ade- laide Street, is extensive, and a number of skilled workmen kept in constant employment. ■aila N> Smlthi Men's and Boys' Hats, Caps and Furnishings, 56 Queen Street, Parkdale. — Mr. Smith is a young man of splendid business and exe- cutive ability, and when he established his business at 56 Queen Street, Parkdale, in March last, there was not wanting many friends who placed every con- fidence in his success, and their confidence, from all present appearances, has not been misplaced, for his custom is constantly on the increase. .The premises ■urns li MaOormaek, Agents for the cele- brated Calumet Fire Clay Co's. Sewer Pipe; Coal and Wood, cor. King and Bathurst Streets. — The excellence and durability of block paving is evinced every day in the thriving city of Toronto, where the principal streets, of which our citizens are proud, give an illustration. Very prominent amongst those establishments who make a specialty of this particu- lar branch of timber cutting, is the firm of Burns & McCormack, Contractors, who undertake the laying of blocks and the construction of sewers, pavements and roadways. The firm are the agents of the Calumet Fire Clay Co.'s sewer pipes, and deal extensively in these goods. Messrs. Burns & McCor- mack have now been established in business, as a firm, for four years, and have their yard and office, at the cor. of King and Bathurst Streets West, 96x180 feet in dimensions. The firm have completed many important contracts in this city and elsewhere to the satisfaction of all concerned. Mr. Burns is a native of Ireland, but has lived in this country since boyhood. He is a Freemason and an Oddfellow, Mr. McCormack is a native Canadian, and enjoys the respect of all who know him. Messrs. Burns & McCormack deal largely in coal and wood, and have a very lucrative custom. TORONTO. 108 and two th keeps a caps, and ns, and of lerican by He has a is his co- hrou(;h the he North- I re(;iment, tieand Kish business it iding place description ' Adelaide tablishment ful business I. The firm scription of e specialties ter cutting, stamps, en- ration seals, extensively g machines, Mr. J. C. nan of con- e, a natural >f the most the United ut has been Dowdell is nic, who has the business, jf the right industry and ing trade in at 27 Ade- :r of skilled or the cele- • Pipe; Coal streets. — The ng is evinced to, where the s are proud, mongst those this particu- I of Burns & it the laying s, pavements ;ents of the s, and deal ns & McCor- in business, eir yard and Streets West, ve completed nd elsewhere Ir. Burns is a country since 1 Oddfellow. 1, and enjoys lessrs. Burns d wood, and Ri Rabjehni Brass and Iron Founder, Manu- facturer of P'encing, Cresting, Cabinet Hardware, etc., 614 V'onge .Street.— Toronto has become a great manufacturing centre. One of the most creditable and valuable establishments to be referred to under the heading of " Industries," is that of which Mr. K. Kabjohn is the esteemed and enterprising proprietor. As an iron and brass founder he has achieved an en- viable reputation, and developed the leadii.,<; trade of its kind, in many branches, standing uniaue and alone as the only manufacturer of the kind in the Province ; among the prominent specialties produced by him being all kinds of wrought iron ornamental fencing, cresting, etc., and full lines of bronzed knobs, locks, handles, hinges, and cabinet hardware generally, holding our market in competition with the best efforts of English, Connecticut and Pittsburg manufacturers. Mr. Kabjohn established in business in 1873 ; first locating at Hamilton, where he remained until 1880, when, in view of the greater advantages afforded in Toronto, he removed here. His factory is extensive, being 50 feet by 200 in dimensions, and fitted up throughout with the latest improved machinery, cupola, and appliances, the motive force being supplied by a ten horse-power «ngine, while a force averaging from 15 to 25 skilled hands finds employment as the exigencies of trade trtjt fifteen years ago, and changed to its present location on King St. in 1876. The premises occup'ed consist of three flats, each having dimensions •'" 22xi. 1 feet, which are thoroughly fitted up and eqi'ipped with a view to conducting the business with efiiciency and despatch. The firm carry in stock and deal in a great vai-iety of stoves,' lamps, baby carriages and general house- furnishing hardware, and make a specialty of manu- j facturing tli" " Ring Hot Air Furnaces," also i galvanized iron cornices, roofing, etc. The business is carried on both at wholesale and retail, affording employment to about 30 hands, between the store , and manufactory departments, all under the careful ! supervision of th' i'..prietors themselves, both of whom have had long and practical experience in the hardware line, Mr. Wheeler is a native of Toronto, \ where he has always resided, and is well known to the \ commercial community and the general public. He j formerly took an active interest in military affairs and | went to the front with the Queen's Own during the Fenian Raid of 1866, and took part in the fight at Ridgeway, His co-partner, Mr. Thos. R. Bain, was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, and left his native place for this country at an early age. He resided for some time at Whitby, Ontario, and finally located in this c.'y about twenty years ago, during which time he has been prominently identified with his present | line of business. 9 H. tt e. Blaehford. Manufacturers and Direct Importers of English, French and American Boots and .Shoes, 87 and 89 King Street East. — It is now a quarter of a century since Messrs. H. & Biacii- ford founded, under somewhat modest circui'^isiarres, this business, which is now, owing to their judicious management, one > f the hading boot and shoe estab- lishments in Toronto, and in their special line of fine goods is doubtless t'.ie leading house in the Dominion. The premises occupied have a frontage of 25 by a depth of 100 feet, and comprise also the rear apart- ment of the adjacent building, which is 20 by 40 feet in dimensions, and is used for manufacturing purposes. The store is fitted up neatly and tastefully for the proper display of the goods, anit 55 Front .Street West, was established in the year 1877, and were located for years at 55 Front Street East, removing re- cently to their present new and hand- some building, which is 25x125 leet in dimensions and three stories in height, and substantially built of brick. The firm deals in druggists' sundries and all kinds of Christmas and fancy goods, such as plush hair brush and odor cases, ladies' companions, satch- els, cigar cases, card cases, dressing, cases. All kinds of druggists' and perfumers' glassware. They make a specialty of imported ale bottles and flasks, their imports running up as high as eight or ten thousand gross, in a season. Flatoher ManuMeturine Company .10. 442 Yonge Street. — The business that is now being so efficiently and successfully prosecuted under the name and style of the Fletcher Manufacturing Com- pany was inaugurated in 1881 by Messrs. Fletcher cS: Henderson. In ihe followinp year the latter retired from the house, and the business is being continued as above indicated. The premises occupied are located at No. 442 Yonge Street, opposite Carlton, are commodious and convenient, .tik! the manufac- turing department is provided with the most modern and improved machinery and appliances, a dozen skilled and competent operatives being given con- stant employment. The Fletcher Manufacturiig Company deals in stoves, tin, granite and wooden ware of every description, baby carriages, bird-cages and baskets, together with hou.se-furnishings gene- rally. Oil stoves, refrigerators, brushes, eveiy variety of tinware and other roods, are extensively manufactured, and a very active and lucrative whole- sale and retail trade is transacted in these lines. The specialities of this house .' re important, comprising portable baking and roast: ig ovens, Eclipse cookets, box camp stoves, oil sioves and gas heaters, and a large demand has been created for them on account of their manifest excellence and superiority. The Fletcher Manufacturing Company puts into all its productions the boft and soundest materials, an equally high-class style of workman- ship, and have established an enviable reputation for making and selling the most reliable and staying goods. A large and continuously growing trade is transacted, both wholesale and retail, at prices that cannot be discounted for the same tpiality of goods by any legitimate manufacturer or dealer. The sole proprietor and manager of ;his company Win. MoBoan, Builder, Contractor, Real Estate- and Insurance Agent, 452 Yonge Street.— Prominent among the most widely and favorably known builders, and real estate ngcnts in thi.-, city is Kir. William Mc- Bean, with office centrally located at No. 452 Vonge Stieet. Mr. McBean esuMi hed in business in 1875, and has during the intervening period developed a flourisiiing business of increasing magnitude, bringing to bear exceptional qualifications as a practical builder, having erected many elegant dwellings and spacious stores in various sections of the city and suburbs. Mr. McBean has erected buildings of the- most substantial charactei , and which, being in eligi- ble locations, nre much sought for by investors and those desirous of owning their own homes. Mr.. McBe.\n is a recognized authority in the real estate market, and no one has a more accurate knowledge of present or prospective values. Acting on his ad- vice and sounii judgment, many investors have made remimerative purchases, and those contemplating, entrance into the market will tind it to their inteiests to consult him lielore making investments. He is also agent for several of our leading Fire Insurance Companies, and places risks on house and store pro- ])erty, merchandise and household effects at lowest rales. Mr. McBean offers exceptional facilities to the public in every department of his business, and is ably supported in atleiding to the various details by liis manager, Mr. K. C. Sinclair, an experienced accountant. Mr. McBean was born in Canada, and is still a young man, fully imbued with the true ipirit of enterprise and energy, and whose success is the more commendable in view of the beneficial results attending the transactions effected with him by the public at large. 106 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. J. Ob«rni«r, The Gem Music Store, 423 Queen ■Street West; — Among the chief factors of civilization none has played a more important part than that of music. To possess a perfectly constructed instrument is the dream and determination of all musicians, pro- fessional and amateur. In carrying on the business for the sale of musical instruments, it is therefore of the highest importance to be not only a judge of the mechanical finish, but also to possess the necessary musical training. Such an happy admixture is only to be found at the " Gem Music Store," located at 423 ■Queen Street West. The proprietor is a native of America, having been born at St. Louis, Mo., in 1855, and is a perfectly trained musician, and formerly held the onerous position of conductor of the Orchestra at the Royal Opera House, Toronto. In his store is to be found all kinds of musical instruments. Domin- ion pianos, organs, etc., also a large assortment of sheet music, by the most popular authors, classical, vocal and instrumental, selected with the taste of the artist and the keen knowledge of the wants and re- quirements of his numerous patrons, necessary to every business man. Mr. Obernierhas special facili- ties for submitting to his customers the finest instru- ments at the lowest prices, being a direct cash importer from all eminent makers; and every instru- ment is subjected to the most critical examination previous to 1 eing offered for sale, and lovers of music may rest satisfied that any instrument purchased from Mr. Obernier has been carefully tested by him, as an artist and manufacturer, and cannot fail to give satis- faction. Windeyar & Falleon, Architects, Canada Per manent Buildings. — The architectural beauty of the homes and public buildings of a people mark their prosperity and cultivation. Toronto may well and justly then lay claim to both, for the magnificence of her public buildings and private residences are the pride of her citizens and the admiration of visitors. Prominent among the many mig'it be mentioned the Custom House, Queen City Insurance Building, and All Saints' Church. They are the handiwork of R. B. Windeyer, architect, whose office is located in the Canada Permanent Buildings on Toronto Street. Messr-.. Windeyer & Falloon are building Saint Alban's Cathedral, which, when completed, will be a magni- ficent fane. Mr. Windeyer first estaolished himself in Toronto in 1871, and has built up a lasting reputation. He first started in New York under the firm name of 'Griffith -S. Windeyer ; then he removed to Montreal. He was in business there for 10 years, the firm being J-eKgC) Windeyer & .Savage. Removing; to Toronto in 187 1, he practiced for a number of years alone. The firm is now Windey* i' & Falloon. He was born at Fort Amherst, Chathi.r;, Kent, England, and Mr. Falloon (son of the Rev. Dr. Falloon), in Melbourne, ■Canada East. The beautiful structures which they have erected and which adorn the (^ueen City, are the enduring monuments of their professional ability. Mr. Windeyer was also the architect of the post •ofifices at Belleville and .St. Catharines, in Ontrrio. most widely and favorably known chemists and drug- gists of this city is Mr. H. Meldrum, of No. 520 Yonge Street, who brings to bear the experience acquired during a career of forty years' duration. He is a native of England, and there studied the profession and was in busines for upwards of twenty years before coming to Canada, eventually establishing a drug store in Hamilton, where he continued for nine years, or until 1877, when he availed himself of the opening in this city, establishing one of the finest and best equipped establishments of the kind. His stock is large and complete, including a full line of the choicest drugs and chemicals, together with the standard pro- prietary remedies. Special attention is given to theac- curate compounding of physicians' prescriptions, while in toilet articles and perfumery, combining everything of domestic and foreign preparation and manufacture, the stock is unrivalled. Mr. Meldrum is a gentleman widely known and esteemed, both in pharmaceutical circles and by the best classes of the community, and is noted for his honorable business methods and high attainments in his profession. Charl** Robinson & COm Agents for Rudge Cycles ; Bicycle and Athletic Sporting Emporium, 22 Church Street. — Within a short number of years the bicycle, which, of itself, is of comparatively recent invention, has been wonderfully improved, so that at the present day it might bethought almost impossible to make any further improvements upon it Not only is the bicycle a source of pleasure, but in some cases it is used as a necessary means of locomotion. Amongst the prominent dealers in those tireless steeds is the well-known firm of Charles Robinson cV Co., of No. 22 Church Street, in this ci'V, who keep a very full line of bicycles, tricycles and "cycling goods," be- Ha Moldrum, Chemist and Druggist, 520 Yonge Street. — Tlie profession of the chemist and druggist lis one that above all others necessitates a thorough and widespread knowledge of pharmaceutical science. The qualifications thus combined afford the public «very guarantee of accur.icy in prescriptions and a icnowledge of people's requirements. Among the sides winter sporting goods, snowshoe and toboggan suits, etc., lawn tennis, lacrosse, baseball and other summer sporting goods, etc. in their Bicycle and Athletic .Sporting Emporium. The premises occu- pied are 20x120 f^eet in dimensions, and well adapted lo the reciuirenients of the business. Mr. Robinson is the agent of leading English and American makers, j such as the Rudge & Co. Co. (Ltd.), etc. Courteous ! assistants are always in attendance to exhibit goods I and show buyers of bicycles the manner of riding 1 them. The firm established business in 1884, and ' their emporium is ;he head(|uar'ers of bicyclists and I athletes of the city. Mr. Charles Robinson is a ' native of England, but has been a resident of this I city for some years. ! TORONTO. 107 Mara It Co., Grocers and Wine Merchants, No. a8o Queen Street West. — The grocery trade is a very heavy and active factor in the industrial activities of the city of Toronto, and its leading representatives belong to the most enterprising class of cur busi- ness men. Mr. William Mara has been identified with this bui;iness for some fifteen years, the last two years at his present location, No. 280 Queen Street West. His store is very spacious and convenient, ■and contains a complete and comprehensive stock of the finest staple and fancy groceries. The coffees, spices and sugars are of the best and freshest quality. A pronounced specialty of this establishment consists in its teas and wines, Mr. Mara's numerous patrons have the satisfaction of knowing that nothing of an inferior or adulterated nature will be sold to them over his counter. His wines and licjuors are all imported direct, and he makes a specialty in shipping for family orders outside of the city. The house is a representative one in this city. to several thousand gross per annum. On the first flat is to be found the office and wholesale depart ment ; on the second flat we find two large store rooms, a manufacturing and label room, and the laboratory, all well appointed throughout. We had the pleasure of handling some of the packages of the firm ; they were all thai could be desired, neat and attractive, while the quality of the goods is up to the standard, "The best always." Born of Irish parents, who came from Belfast in 1830, and settled in Listowel, County of Perth, where Mr. Martin, the head of the firm, received a sound education. Mr. Martin is a member of the American Pharma- ceutical Association ; also of the British Pharmaceuti- cal Association and the Natural History Society of Toronto, and is respected by all. Clareneo J. MeCuaig, Real Estate Agent and Valuator, 27 Adelaide Street East. — The importance •of that branch of mercantile industry represented in Toronto by the real estate and insurance agents, is too well known in so thriving and enterprising a province as Ontario, where of late years material advancement has been so remarkable. Although only established about twelve months aeo, the sub- ject of this sketch has already taken an active part. \\,\ 't''.'Cuaig is a young man of much energy and ribiliiy. md has a successful busmess career before h ni He is a native Canadian, having lived in the Queen City fourteen years, where he has always enjoy- ed an enviable reputation for straightforwardness and honorable dealing. He is at present the agent for the Waterloo Mutual Fire Insurance Co., and the British America Insurance Co. Rebart R. Martin Ir Co., Pharmacists and Perfumers, Manufacturing Chemists, Corner Queen and Simcoe Streets. — A representation of the indus- tries of Toronto would be incomplete without pro- minent recognition of its well appointed drug stores. There are none perhaps which enjoys a more liberal patronage than t'.iat of Robert R. Martin & Co., at the corner of Queen and Simcoe Streets. The busi- iiess was established as a retail drug store by Mr. H. J. Rose, in 1859, and has been |)rosperous and steadily increasing in trade ever since. Sir. Martin, ■the present proprietor, succeeded to the business in 1884, and has since that date enjoyed the confidence and received the patronage ol all classes, among whom are manj' of the leading physicians of the city. The premises are neat and commodious, being 22 x 55 feet, occupied as the retail department. Entirely separate from the retail business is the dispensing, fitted and appointed throughout with small hut in- genious machinery, for the ready preparation of cap- sules, bougies, plasters, su])positories, etc. Protection to the public is afforded in the handling of poison by using an electric poison safe, which by a peculiar contrivance warns the dispenser ol the nature of the drug he is handling. A special feature of this estab- lishment is the manufacture of jjerfumes, their " Silver Flake " especially havir;g a large sale. This firm are the sole proprietors ( ' the Toronto Sinax Co. In the manufacture of these articles great care has to be exorcised. The sale of these goods amounts T. Wioka li Son, Practi'^al Watchmakers,Jewel- lers. Engravers and Opticians, 77 Yonge Street. — Although the headquarters of the above important house have been situated in Cobourg until last Vlarch, yet the extensive operations conducted by it in this section of the country, and the fact that it is one of the leading houses of the kind in this Province, it is fully necessary that some brief facts with regard to i it should form part of the ensemble of this volume. I The business was established by Mr. Thomas Wicks I in 1877, who previously had an extensive experience j with the trade, since which time the transactions of } the house have been steadily assuming larger propoi- I tions. Occupying attractive premises of 64x16 feet in I dimensions, located at 77 Yonge Street, which is well I stocked with a complete and well selected assortment ' of everything in the watchmaking and jewellery line, the firm make a specialty of engraving and stee I stamp cutting, for which work they were the recipi- ents of two medals at the Industrial Exhibition her in 1885. Mr. Wicks, sr., is an Englishman by birth and a gentleman of sterling woi th and ability, while his son, Mr. Thomas H. Wicks, is a young man of rare capacity as a practical workman, as well as being en- dowed with much business ability and gentlemanly demeanor. Bllton Bros. Tailors, etc., 103 King Street West. The business of Bilton Bros, was established seven years ago by Bilton Bros. & McMahon, but in July Mr. McMahon retired, and the firm assumed the pre- sent title. The premises located are lSxl20 feet in dimensions, with a workshop in rear 18x50 feet. The busine^is done is a general merchant tailoring and haberdashery. As merchant tailors the Messrs. Bilton Bros, have earned :t well deservt'.i reputation for excellence of workmanship, artistic skill and finish. They keep on ha"d a full line of broadcloths and woollens from the best English ni' foreign markets, and all work done is guaranteed to be perfect. The cutting-room is under the charge of Mr. J. Burton, late of London, England, who is assisted by Mr. C. W. Leiple, lato of Brooklyn, N.Y. Employ- ment is given to 50 hands, who are all competent workmen. The Messrs. Bilton Bros, are young men and natives of Canada, who have by their own individua', efforts, and by steady perseverance and enterprise, nnd by a strict course of business integrity and honorable dealing with their patrons, built up, from a comparatively small beginning, a business of which they may well feel proud. The record of these gentlemen is alike creditable to themselves and the community. 108 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. F. ©. Hyde, Piano Tuner, 29 North Streot.— Toronto is not only a commercial and manufacturing centre, but also stands pre-eminent as the head- quarters of the musical profession and business in the Dominion, a fact which is amply attested by the large number of extensive factories engaged in turn- ing out pianos, organs, etc., which are shipped to all parts of the country. A piano to be good for any- thing must be properly tuned, and for this work men of ability, experience and natural aptitude are required. An arti.it in this line is Mr. F. C. Hyde, of 29 North Street, who from a long and practical experience has become perfect master of his art, and besides tuning all the pianos made at the Herr Piano Factory, is also in the enjoyment of a liberal share of the best patronage of the city. Mr. Hyde is a native of Dunnville. He learned his business in the house of Octavius Newcombe & Co., of this city, where he was engaged for three years ; from thence he went to New York, ai)d afterwards to London, Ont. Mr. F. C. Hyde is well known as a generous contributor to many public entertainments, and as a whistler and imitator of the mocking bird is considered without a peer. He is a keen sportsman, and a baseballist of considerable ability, and is in the enjoyment of the esteem and regard of his numerous patrons and the general public. e. N. Hubbard's Toronto Dental Depot, 44 Adelaide Street West. — The above very importf.it industry was established in Toronto in 1856, and was the second house of the kind in this Province. The depot was formerly located at 1 56 King Street, but has been at the present place for the pa. ■•ngeugh, Agent for the Remington Stan- dard Type Writer, 36 King Street E. — Amongst the many useful inventions to assist in making the labor of the clerk in the office and court-room lighter, and at the same lime more speedy, the type writer is amongst the first, and it has become almost indispen- sable ; not only are these points in its favor, but it saves forty minutes in every hour which is spent in- writing with the pen. This time can be saved by using the Remington Type Writer, the only writing machine that can be used by anyone at sight, and will stand in repair, and saves time, labor and' money. The Remington Type Writer was placed upon the market twelve years ago, when soon after an agency for its introduction was opened in Toronto- by Thomas Bengough, the brother of the present manager, about 1878. These machines have been endorsed by the Dominion Government (who are now using them), and are constantly used by leading insurance companies, railways, lawyers, merchants, etc., in United States and Canada. If any one is considering the purchase of a writing machine, we wish to saj' most emphatically that the "Remington"" is the only perfect and practical writing machine on the market to-day, and which claim can be fully R« O. Dohartyi Watchmaker, Jeweller, etc., 360 Queen Street West.— One of the most complete establishments in its line in this city is the Toronto Horol( gical Workshops, of which Mr. R. G. Doherty is proprietor, the premises being located at 360 Queen .Street West. He has been established in business for three and a half years, and gives employment to four assistants. R. G. Doheity has a peculiar aptitude for mechanics, and has improved the machinery he uses in his business so that the work done by him is more prrlect than that done by less improved machin- ery. His specialty is repairing English -..lade watches, whose mechanism he thoroughly understands, hut he also repairs American, Swiss or other watches. He has done work for some of the leading families in Toronto, to whom he refers. He was born in London- derry, Iieland, in February of 1855, in which place he learned his trade and went into business, but being provF.d by actual test at any time. The latest machine out. No. 3. takes a sheet of paperi4 inches- wide. Mr. George Bengough, besides being agent for the Remington Type Wriier, controls other meritori- ous articles for use by the business man and clerk. In addition to the Remington Type Writer, Mr. Geo. Bengough furnishes operators and stenographers, and does copying for lawyers, bankers and others who occasionally need this kind of work done ; meetings of whatever nature rejiorted, and machines- rented ; among the latest and very best inventions in his line being /.uccato's Patent Trypograph, by the use of which thousands of fac simile copies can be made rapidly and easily, whether it be in wriling, old script, sketches, music, or in fact anything which can be made with ihe pen. Any otifice boy can readily operate it ; and the price is so moderate that it is within reach of all. To those sending out circu- lars, quotations, etc., it is indispensable, and it is siv simple it surprises one that it is so effective. Those interested should certainly call upon Mr. Geo. Ben- gough, who seems to take great pleasure in showing and explaining his many useful articles. TORONTO. 1C9 O«0> WllllamSf Importer and Dealer in China, Crockery, Glass, etc., No. 476 Queen Street West. — Mr. George Williams originally established himself in this business in 1873, and by close application, combined with honest methods of conducting it, has built up a flourishing patronage. His premises are eligibly located at No. 476 Queen Street West, where his spacious and attractive warerooms are filled with a, large and comprehensive assortment of china; •crockery, glass, earthern and fine plated ware, table and pocket cutlery, lamps of every description, and a great variety of similar articles. Mr. Williams buys his goods direct from first hands, many of them being imported from the most reliable manufacturers, and his connection with producers enables him to offer to his many customers inducements that are not easily duplicated, He believes in courtesy, fair, honorable f Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Lumber, Lath and Shingles. — Among the recent large enter- prises established in Parkdale, and which tend to in- crease its commercial importance.is that of the Park- dale Lumber, Manufacturing and Building Company (Limited), whose office is at 43 Queen Street, with factory at West Lodge Avenue. This firm is most extensively engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of house builders' supplies, which includes mouldings, sash, blinds, doors and shelving, etc. They also deal largely in lumber, lath and shingles, both whole- sale and retail. The trade is large and constantly in- creasing, and extends throughout rhc entire Province of Ontario. The company was established in 1883, and their factory at West Lodge covers an acre of ground, where they have a siding from the Canadian Pacific Railway for convenience in transporting their lumber and manufactured goods. This cimvenience has been found to be a necessity, and is a great sav- ing in cartage, which would otherwise be required. There they have commodious sheds for storage, and the building, which is u.>ed as a factory, i.s 65x100 feet and two stories in height, being composed of wood. They employ in this factory 50 hands, and at their branch factory at West Toronto Junction they give employment to eight more. Their busi- ness is constantly and rapidly increasing, and the excellence of the work done by them is a guarantee of still further advancement. Beside.', the business alrea(';y mentioned, the Company are contractors and valuators, in which they have n large patronage. The President of the Company, Mr James Stewart, is a native of Ireland, and Mr George .Sinclair, the Secretarv-TreaHUier, is a Canadian by birth. Both are gentlemen 01 unqualified ability, and ic their hands the business is liound to succeed. TORONTO. Ill W. H. PargUSOn, Carpenter, Si Bay Street —It , is scarcely necessary to speak of the importance of the : trade of carpentering in a city like Toronto, its assis- 1 tance being necessarily called in by the manufacturer, ' the merchant and private citizen. Prominent among : those engaged in the jobbing and repairing line o( this ! important industry is Mr. W. II, Ferguson, who has 1 now had a successful business career of eight years. | Mr. Ferguson contracts largely for jobbing and repair- | ing, occupying a three storied building on Hay Stieet, j corner of Melinda. He employs several skilled ' tradesmen, and makes a specialty of Printers' and , Engravers' jobbing. He is a Canadian by birth, being born in the Township of Hope, is a member of the Select Knights in the Ancient Order of Workmen, and is an energetic and successful business man. Olevor Harrison, Importer of China, Glass and Earthenware, 49 King .Street East. — Among the many business establishments on King Street East, the house of Glover Harrison is well worthy of special mention in this review of Toronto's commer- cial and industrial resources. The business was founded in 1864 by Mr. Glover Harrison, the present proprietor, and from a comparatively small beginning has achieved its present prosperous and extensive pro- portions. The establishment has a most desirable location at No. 49 King Street East, in a handsome and commodious building, having dimensions of 40x200 feet, four stories in height, with a plate glass front and neatly arranged show windows. The busi- ness is carried on both at wholesale and retail, and commands a large share of the best patronage of the city and surrounding country. Mr. Harrison imports direct, and keeps in stock a full and complete assort- ment of china, glass and earthenware, -plated and fancy goods, table cutlery, busts and Parian marble statuary, Bohemian vases, etc. Specimens may be seen in great variel- in his well-appointed sample- room. A specialty is made of importing Royal Wor- cester, Dresden, Derby, Doulton, Wedgwood and Copland goods. Mr. Harrison is a native of the west of Ireland, and came to this country 39 years ago, and during a long and successful business career in Toronto has acquired the esteem and regard of the mercantile community and the general public. 0« W> MIngay, Chemist and Druggist, 156 Queen St., Parkdale.— Among the mtiny different businesses and avocations of Parkdale, there are none of more importance than the drug trade. Prominent in this branch of commercial enterprise is the drug, house of G. W. Mingay, locati'd at 156 Queen Street, opposite Dunn Avenue. This house was established in 1884. The premises occupied are very neal and (itted up in the latest style. Employment is given to two first class assistants, both of whom thoroughly understand the business in all its branches. In the stock can be found a full line of drugs, chemicals,, medicines, toilet articles, comprising mirrors, fancy soaps, Lubin's and Atkinson's perfumery. Pears' soaps, hair brushes, etc. Mr. Mingay, the proprietor^ is a native of England, and came from London 15 years ago. He is a member of the Ontario College of Pharmacy, and has had 26 years experience in the drug business, which is a safe guarantee that all prescriptions entrusted to his care will be properly compounded at any time of the day or night. Mr. Mingay is one of the school trustees of Parkdale. Am Hondaraen, Manufacturers' Agent, 44 Front Street East. — The business conducted by the manu- facturers' agent is, in [this quick -going and highly comijetilive age, a most important one. Many manufacturers place their entire product of cottons or woollens in the hands of agents who attend to the disposal of the same at the highest possible market prices, thus relieving the manufacturers of all worry or trouble in that direction, and leaving their minds, entirely free to superintend the manufacture. Among those most prominently identified in ihis line is Mr. A. Henderson, of 44 Front Street East, who has been established as a manufacturers' agent since the begin- ning of the year. This gentleman sells the products of several Canadian woollen mills, and for that pur- pose visits the leading centres of the Dominion. He handles the entire product of the Rockwood Woollen Mills of Rockford, Ont., and part of others. He has- been very successful in his business transactions, and has given his entire attention to his enterprise. Mr. Henderson is a native of Scotland. He is a gentle- man very highly respected in the community. Olaney Brea., Dealers in Furniture, Stoves, ! Ranges, Tinware, etc., 344 Yonge .Street and 236 I Queen Street East.— Among those who make , a business of general house furnishing goods in this city, one firm worthy of special notice is that of • Clancy Bros., who keep in slock and deal in all kinds ' of plain and upholstered furniture, stoves, ranges, j tinware, and general house furnishing hardware. The business was established six years ago by the present proprietors, and occupies two premises, one of which is located at No. 344 Yonge Street, and is in charge of Mr. Michael J. Clancy, and the other at 236 Queen Street East, which is conducted by his brother, Mr. Patrick Clancy. Everything is kept in the furniture line, including plain, fancy and upholstered. They are also agents for many of the best known makers of stoves who are represented in the city. Both gentle- men are natives of Toronto, and from a long and practical experience, as well as from an extended residence among their patrons, they are fully posted in all the requirements of iheir exten.'ive trade, and transact all orders entrusted to them with promptness and dispatch. «l. C. Tewnahandi Wholesale and Retail Bed- ding Manufacturer, No. 76 Queen Street West. — Among those enterprising business men who confine themselves to some one specialty and create a demand for it is Mr. Joseph E. Townshend, now located at No. 76 Queen .Street West. He established himseif here three years ago, but for the five years immedi- ately preceding was located at No. 170 Bay Street. Mr. Townshend is a manufacturer of and a wholesale and retail dealer in bedding, his specialty consisting in hair and mixed mattrasses. The raw material for these articles he purchases from first hands in large quantities, employs several trained and competent workmen, personally superintends all work, and is able to guarantee its (|uality and dura- bility. He also remake'; Did bedding of every description at moderate rates. His spring mattrasses- and feather pillows are in great demund, his resources being taxed to the utmost to supply it. They are all carefully mad ; by hand, no machinery being employed. Mr. Townshend is a native of London, Eng. . and came to Montreal 17 years ago, where he resided until he concluded to settle in this city. .Since commencing business here he has enjoyed a successful career. f ll'i PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. i Taeums^th Neus*i corner King and Tecum- seth Streets, Robert H. Kennedy, Proprietor. —The Queen City has always been noted for the excellence of her hotel accommodations, and prominent amongst those hotels which have an established reputation is the Tecumseth House, situated at the corner of King West and Tecumseth Streets, Mr. Robert H. Ken- nedy, proprietor. Mr. Kennedy has now been established in business about ten years, during which time he has become popularly known to Toronto as well as the travelling public. His hotel has accom- modation for forty guests, and is a three-storey sub- stantial brick building. 52x104 feet in dimensions. All arrangements for the comfort of guests is most complete, the house being pleasantly situated, scrupulously clean and neat and the charges moderate. Mr. Kennedy is a genial host, and popular with all who know him. He is an Irishman by birth, hailing from Dublin city, but has been in this country twenty-three years. E. Loekillgton« Furniture Manufacturer and Dealer, 852 Queyi Street West.— One of the oldest established business houses of Toronto is that of Mr. E. Lockington, furniture manufacturer and dealer, who is located at 852 Queen Street West. It is 30 years since Mr. Lockington first started in business, and by excellence of workmanship and close attention to every detail, he built up a splendid trade. He is a practical workman, being an upholsterer by trade. He manufactures and deals in general household furniture of every description. The premises occupied are 25x55 feet in dimensions, which are well stocked with a full and handsome line of goods. He was born in London, England, in 1825, and has lived in Can- ixda many years. He was a private in the Queen's Own Regiment, and was present at the fight at Ridge- way, when the Fenians invaded Canada. He formerly did business on Yonge Street. He is full of energy and business enterprise, and is highly esteemed in the community. William Hi Ballf Designer and Manufacturer of Interior Wood Fittings. — The magnificent develop- ment of the natural resources of this city has created a demand for architectural talent of the highest order, and for the introduction of systems for the blending and the beautifying of the interior of our homes, offices and public institutions. Prominent among those who have made a spticial and successful study of these problems is Mr. Wm. H. Bell, of 21 and 25 Alice Street and 54, 56, 58, 60, 62 and 64 Pearl Street. He is a native of Toronto, but went to New York City when only 18 years of age, where he was the recipient of a diploma for original designing from the American Institute of Design of New York City. He procured a position in the well-known firm of Herter Brothers, who designed and executed the interior fittings for the home of Wm. H. V.anderbilt. With this firm he remained for two years, and received a sound training which enabled him, on returning to Toronto, in December, 1884, to start for himself, and since his inception at that date, has alwiiys commanded a liberal and influential patronage from the most refined and cultivated class of citizens. Mr. Bell makes a specialty of fine, artistic hardwood mantles, and over-mantles, also interior wood fittings, which for beauty of design and superiority of finish and dura- bility, are unequalled by the product of any other house. The factory is the largest of the kind in tho country, covering a space of 19,500 square feet. It is substantially built of brick, is four stories high, with buildings adjoining for the engine and boiler room and dry-kiln. Twenty-one diflTerent machines are used in the various departments. The material is first taken from the yard and placed in the dry-kiln (which is of the latest improved pattern) and after going through a thorough process of drying, is hoisted on elevators to the second and third flats, where between forty and fifty skilled cabinet makers are busily engaged turning out the various descrip- tions of goods manufactured by the house. The fourth flat is entirely devoted to the finishing depart- ment, where really some of the best and most artistic work is done in the country. Mr. Bell is the inventor of a process of staining wood which brings out the natural grain and gives a polish and color which is surprising. The machinery is driven by a 50 horse- nov, er boiler and a 35 power engine, both of which are new and of stand.-ird manufacture. Mr. Bell is an active and practical business man, and as an artist in his paiticular line has no compeer in the Dominion. Mr. W. H. Callaghan, who is business manager of the house, is a young man of ability and integrity, and much respected in commercial and social circles. TORONTO. 118 / (hjSrOVFS H,HANG!S i^< B. Hill himself. The firm manufactures all kinds of tine jewellery, and deals larjjely in dianioiiils and precious stones. A specialty is made of diamond setting an Oantlcman, New Home Sewing Machine Co., 545 (^ueen Street West. — Mr. Gentleman has been established in this line for the past 23 years. He is agent for the world-famed light lunning New Home Sewing Machine. Among the many improve- ments in the New Home, which have made it pre- eminent among its host of competitors, mjiy be men- tioned the following : Improved stand, having a new and patented device for supporting the driving wheel on centres, resulting in no injury to one's health ; the avoiding of noise, and so easily run that only a one-ounce weight is required to start it ; secondly, the shuttle newly invented is the most simple cylinder shuttle ever used— self-threading — and is so arranged that the tension can be regulated without removing the shuttle from the machine. It is accurate, simple, light-running, silent, swift, sure and strong. Hundreds of testimonials can be seen at the office o( C. Gentleman. Amongst others wo have selected the following : "Toronto, Can., Dear Sirs : Replying to your inquiry as to how I like the 'New Home' sewing machine purchased from you a year ago, I have to say I don't like it at all, I love it, and would not part with it for the best farm in Canada, if I could not get another of the samff kind ; and I cheerfully recommend it to anyone needing a sewing machine for any use, as I have used so many others and never had one to give such entire satisfac- tion as the 'New Home.' It certainly is a source of comfort to me, and I hope all who are in need of a sewing machine will give it a trial, as I know they will be delighted. Mrs. Chamberlain." He has had great experience in the sale and adjusting of sewmg machines,being for many years City Manager to the "Howe"company. Every machine before being sent out of his establishment is thoroughly examined and adjusted, and satisfaction is guaranteed. Mr. Gentleman is a Canadian by birth, and through the superior character of the machines handled by him, his thorough practical knowledge and courteous manners has built up a reputation second to none in this city. Don Foundry, Alf. Medcalf, Iron Founder, 503 King .Street East. — So far from merely present- ing a compilation of statistics and condensed facts, showing the resources and business status of the city, it is considered compatible with the nature of this work to review in detail those enterprises which exert especial influence on the industrial or commer- cial standing of the city, or whose history is inter- woven with Its own. It will be found upon examina- tion of this work that Toronto possesses in an eminent degree that distinctively western spirit of enterpiise and progress that has done so much in the rapid development of the country. The Don Foundry was established nearly half a century ago, under somewhat modest circumstances, by F. H. Medcalf, father of the present proprietor, on (^ueen Street East, near Vonge Street, where he conducted it for fifteen years, when, tincling that he required more commodious quarters, he removed to the present location, at the east end of King Street, on the Don. The history of this house is replete with interest, not only from the fact that it is one of the oldest in its litie in the country, and the uniform excellence and .itandard merit of the goods turned out, but also from the active part which its proprietor always took in public afTairs, he having been for five years Mayor of the city, which office he filled at all times with marked ability, particularly during the Fenian invasion of 1866. The premises occupied comprise an area of about two acres, including the foundry, iron yards and proprietor's residence, also several other residences, adjoining the rivei. Mr. Alf. Medcalf, who succeeded to the business on the death of his father five years ago, is manager and sole proprietor. He employs a large force of work- men, and makes a specialty of architectural castings of every description, specimens of which may be found in many of the principal buildings of the city and surrounding centres of population. Ho also does general foundry work, and gives estimates when r'lquired. Mr. Medcalf is a native of Toronto, where tie has always resided, and in whose progress he takes a deep interest, having frequently performed good service for the city, both in and out of office. P. Paterson ft Son, Wholesale and Retail Hardware Merchants, No. 77 King Street East. — Mr. Peter Paterson is a native of Toronto, being born herein 1834, the same year that Toronto be- came a city. He learned the hardware business with his father, Mr. David Paterson, whom he succeeded in 1856. The house, which was first started in 1819, is one of the oldest ir, the Dominion. It was estab- lished by Peter Paterson, who was succeeded at his death in i864 by his son D.'ivid Paterson, who con- tinued the business for 10 years longer, and was again succeeded on his death in 1856 by his son, the present proprietor. The business is both wholesale and retail, and commands an extensive and lucrative patronage throughout the city and province. The stock carried comprises shelf and heavy hardware, cutlery, electro-plated ware, and sporting goods. Mr. Paterson is also agent for Littlefield's Furnaces, of Albany, N.Y., Hall's Fire and Burglar Proof Safes, Cincinnati, Chadbourns & Coldwell's Excel- sior Lawn Mowers, WoUensack's Patent Transom Lifters and Locks, Tucker's Alarm Cash Drawers, and are also manufacturers of Clark's Patent Double Coil Spring Beds. The premises occupied have a frontageof 3oby a depth of 150 feet and comprise two flats. Mr. Paterson is the oldest Captain late of the Queen's Own, in which regiment he has always taken an active interest, and held his commission before the year 1861, when His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales visited Toronto, and filled the position o( Captain of the Guard on that memorable occasion. TORONTO. 115 il. ■•rwiek If Oo>, Family Grocers, ii and 12 Rossin Block. — The family grocer is an in' ^l. °v ■> y >!^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. M580 (716) 873-4503 ». 116 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Frc4> Hursti Butcher and Poulterer, dealer in Ham, Bacon, Butter, Eggs, Lard, Poultry, Beef Tongues, and all kinds of vegetables in season, 282 King Street West (cor. Widmer Street). — Among those who have long occupied a leading position in the butcher and poultry business in this city, is Mr. Fred Hurst, of 282 King Street West, and who has Lfen established for 12 years. The premises, which are neat and well arranged for the proper manner of conducting this line of business, are 25x40 feef in dimensions, and is considered the finest in the West End, the store giving employment to four assistants. A general line of fresh and salt meats, beef tongues, ham, bacon, butter, eggs, lard and poultry is kept, with vegetables in their season. From a somewhat modest beginning Mr. Hurst has built up an exten- sive business, which extends throughout the city. He was born in England, and has resided in this country for the past 19 years. In his business rela- tions he is well and favorably known, and commands the patronage of the public. .Mr. Hurst carried on business in the .St. Andrew's market when it was first opened, and remained there six years. K. M«rr«ft, Importer of Wall Paper, No. 163 King Street West, — Within the past few years rapid improvement in taste and artistic design has been developed in the manufacture of wall paper and in interior decoration. The most pleasing etVects are studied to delight the eye of the beholder, importer of wall papers Mcrrett, 163 King Street a very excellent specialty of his estabii.-hmcnt, the The most prominent in this city is Mr. E. West, who has made in the arrangement IngiiS ft Hunter, Machinists, 6 Strachan Ave. — Among the establishments engaged in this impor- tant branch of industry, that of Inglis & Hunter, located at 6 .Strachan Ave. , has actiuired a merited popularity throughout the city an'' district, .as well as Ontario, for the superior (juality of steam engines manufactured by them. The firm has been estab- lished for 27 years, and its business has grown to very large proportions during that time. The firm manufacture all kinds of steam engines and boilers, but their specialties are the Corliss horizontal engines and the Westonhouse upright engines, both famous in the United .States. They have recently added to their former business the manufacture of flour mills in the latest improved roller process. The premises occupied are large and con:.nodious, in which employment is given to 100 hands, who are well skilled in their work. Mr. Inglis, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Scotland, and Mr. Hunter, of Ireland. Both are practical business men, who have by years of industry learned the intricacies | o( the trade and have thoroughly mastered them, and now appear to be on the sure road to success. rear part being fitted up as a parlor, with stained glass windows and furniture. Here a special arrange- ment is applied for the showing of wall papers and dados, so that the effect of a desired pattern may be better observed than when only seen in the roll. Mr. Merrett carries the largest stock of English, French and American wall papers, freizes and dados in the city, and imports direct from the manufacturers, thus purchasing at the lowest price, and selling on the same conditions. Mr. Merrett also mnkes a special business of paper hanging and interior decoration. He also attends to tinting, which is conducted in the best manner. He has been established over 18 years, and gives employment to 12 hands. He is a native of England, but has resided in this countiy for 30 years. Being a practical man in his line of business, he gives it his direct supervision, thus ensuring the excellence of woik for which he is so noted. Snewdan Tempi*. Dealer in Boots and Shoes, No. 588 Queen Street West. — There are retail dealers in boots and shoes who do a larger business than Mr. Snowden Temple, but there are none who sell better goods for the same money, or conduct their business on a more fair or honest b.isis. For more than ten years he has been established, and has made his attractive store at No, 588 Queen Street West one of the | most popular in the neighborhood. Beots, shoes 1 and gaiters for men, women and children are to be found here in great variety, inclusive of fine and medium grades, and the quality of their material and workmanship, their style and finish, are superior. The custom work done by Mr. Temple is held in high estimation by a large number of .egular cus- tomers, who look to him for their regular supplies. Mr. Temple was born in Darlington, County Dur- ham, England, in the year 1834, and came to the Dominion in 1857, learned his trade .and commenced business after a while upon a very small capital, and by his own industry, energy and skill, has advanced to his present position. ■•tts' Home-like Restaurant and Dining Hall„ 51 King Street East. — Betts' Restaurant and Dining Hall, which is located at 51 King Street East, is aa establishment well worthy of special notice. The business was founded by .Mr. E. Betts in 1881. and that gentleman enjoys the distinction of being the Trst in Toronto to open a really first-class dining- room at popular prices. The premises occupied comprise three flats having a frontage of 25 by a. depth of 160 feet. The front part of the first flat is. occupied as an office and cigar store, which is fitted up with neatness and elegance, .and immediately to. the rear is the spacious dining-room which is a model of neatness and good taste, made pleasant in warm weather by an ingenious mechanical contrivance which keeps a current of fresh air in constant circula- tion. Everything is served in the dining-room from a plain lunch to the most elaborate dinner, the mem* including all various meats, viands, game, fish and delicacies in season. Mr. Betts is a native of Ox- fordshire, England, and came to this city 20 years, ago, where he has since resided. Although a young man he has had a long experience in catering to the tastes of the public. He employs 10 hands and i& doing a good and steadily increasing busine.ss. W. H. Harnden, Tinware and House Furnish- ings, 776 Queen Street West. — One of the most active, enterprising, and reliable business houses ir» the West end of the city, is that of Mr. W. Harnden, dealer in tinware and house-furnishing goods, and is. located at 776 Queen Street West. — He has been established in business since last March, and give» employment to two assistants. He is at present woik- ing at the Massey Agricultural Works. He carries a a full line of tinware, and all kinds of house-furnish- ing goods. Mr. Marnden was born in Canada 35 years ago, and it is six years since he came to Toronto. The premises occupied by him are 20x45 '^''^ '•* dimensions and suitably arranged for his business. Mr. Harnden is a capable and competent business man and well merits the increasing trade he is receivings 1?' \ TORONTO. 117 eiaxton'a MhsIo Sfer*, Importer, Music Publisher and Dealer in Sheet Music and all kinds of Musical Instruments, 197 Yonge Sireet.— The leading establishment in Toronto for the sale of music and musical instruments is that of Thomas Claxion, of 197 ^"(mge Street. Mr. Claxton originally started business as a repairer of musical instruments, in a small store on Adelaide Street, near the jiost oftice. His success in this department soon necessitated his removing to the larger and more commodious premises which he still occupies. His business extends thniughout the Dimunion. He is the publisher of the best an SEND-FOR- PRICES- il. L. tlenas, Wood Kngravcr, etc., lo King Street East (up stairs). — Mr. Jones, who was manager for one of the largest concerns in the lA)ininion, started business for himself in 1884, and l)y executing superior work, he has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. He is an artist in his profe^'sion, and makes a specialty of commercial work ; and while there are larger concerns in the city, none can turn out any better class of work. With his faciliiii.-s he can complete any job intrusted to him in his establishment in a superior manner, being an electro- typer and photographer on wood as well as a wood engraver. He gives his personal attention tcj all orders, employing from six to eight hands con stantly, aiid asserts that no better work can be done on the continent than he t\irns out. Mr. Jones is quite a young man, a native of England, where he was born in 1850. doslah P«nn«lli Manufacturer of Harness, Saddles and Trunks, 235 Queen Street Last. — The subject of this sketch, -Mr. Josiah Keiuiell, was born in the west of Englan.l, and at an early age left the sunny shores of his native land for .\merica, and after having landed, settled in Newark, New Jersey, where he resided for 10 years, when he removed to Toronto, and entered the employ of Malcolm, the sad- dler, of this city, and the fact th;it beheld this position for the sp.ice of nine consecutive years speaks elo- quently for the appreciation in which his services wer» held by his employer. Having acquired a thorough and practical knowledge of his business in its every detail, and having had many years of valu- able ex))erience, Mr. I'ennell, in i88j, determined to embark in the harness and saddlery industry on his own account, and accordingly estalilished him- self in his present location, where he has neat and commodious premises, arranged with a view to the execution of the work with efficiency and despatch. Mr. F'ennell employs four men and devotes his atten- tion principally to custom work. He manufactures all kinds of light and heavy harness, Scotch collars, saddles, and also deals in whips, and attends to re- pairing. He was awarded a bronze medal at the Industrial Exhibition held in thiscity in 1883, for the neatness and excellence of his work. A specialty is made of the manufacture of firemen's belts of beauti- ful design and artistic workmanship, which command a ready sale in all parts of the Province, and have been awarded one silver medal and several bronze medals at the exhibitions held here during past years. Mr. Fenneil's present well-deserved success is an augury of future and continued prosperity. W. N. Kant, Cutler and Locksmith, ^^ Queen Street West. — This comparatively new house in years but old in reputation for first class work, was established by W. H. Kent in 1881, and the popu- larity he now enjoys is .such that work has repeatedly to be turned away. All and every kind of cutlery is made to order, .such as surgical and veterinary instruments, knives and steel tools, etc., while lock- smithing is done in all its branches. Mr. W. H. Kent, is one of the very few manufacturing cutlers who po.ssess the secret of tempe'ing steel to a hard- ness and suppleness found only in the historic blades of Toledo. A portion of the premises is devoted to the display of Electrical apparatus under the manage- ment of Mr. Kent, Jr., who possesses natural abili- ties improved by study (or this branch of science. Mr. W. H. Kent is a native of Sheffield, the home of the cutlery trade throughout the world. He came to Canada in 1876, and brings to his busine.ss the experience of a lifetime, and the success which has attended his operations constitute the best commen- dations to his thorough litness for it. W. P. KoarnSf S.-'-'dle, Harness and Collar Maker, corner of King and George Streets. — The subject of this sketch, Mr. W. I'. Kearns, was born in the County of .Monaghan, Ireland, and came lo Canada at an early age, arriving in Montreal aluut forty years ago, where he remained for nine years in ihe employ of Mr. Euard, of Mcdill Street, with whom he learned the harness-niakinj,' and saddlery trade. Thirty-one years ago he came to this city and started under somewhat modest circumstances what is imw his extensiire and prosperous business. He has an excellent location at the corner of King East and George Streets, where he employs five assis- tants and manfactures and ket])s in stock everj thing in the harness and Siuldlery line, including heavy working harness, light driving harness, saddles, si(ie saddles, etc. Mr. Kearns, from a long residence in the city, has l)ect)me thoroughly identified with its interests ; he has seen it grow from a county town of a few thousand inhabitants to a great city of more than 125,000, and can recall the time when the place where many of her palatial residences and stately public builldings now stand was nothing more than a swamp. 8. Clare, Dealer in Stationery and Fancy Goocen prominent place amongst tht niemliers of the craft in , carried on with an annually increasing success. The the ry. .Mr. Caslor has resided in this city for a number ol years, and is well and favorably known as a gentleman ol enterprise and strict business integrity. His establishment is one of the best of its kind in the city, and the lil>eral support it receives may be attributable to the genuine merit of his goods. Troy Laundry, 565 (Jueen Si. West.— .\s towns grow into cities, nothing is more noticeable, than the increased display of collars, cuffs, etc., exhibited by the male portion of the population. The Argonauts of '49, with their wo H. Serlptura, Dispensing Chemist, 602 Queen Street West. — Among the leading drug stores in the city is that of W. H. Scripture, which is located at 612 Queen Street West, where he has been established for the past two and a-half years. He was formerly in business for three years further down the street. He does an excel- lent trade and his store is well stocked with a well assorted line of drugs, toilet articles, etc. He does a good prescription business, and is careful and competent, so th.it customers can place every re- liance upon him. He is a graduate of the Ontario College of Pharmacy in 1878-9, and a Licentiate of the New York Collece of Pharmacy. His store, which is 16x40 feet, is elegantly fitted up and well adapted to the requirements of the business he con- ducts. ■ateeha Oreeary Stora, Frank Ross, dealer in Choice Groceries, Provisions, Fruit, Confection- ery, etc., 438 (^ueen Street West. — New enterprises develop and add to the commercial importance of a city or country, Mr. Frank Ross started in the grocery business iibout 10 months ago, at 438 rackets, statuary, weatlier vanes, cast and wrought iron cresting, gallery fronts, alrar scrolls, sash \weights, (lower stands, etc. The business was estoblished eight years ago and has more than doubled itself in that time. The proprietor, Mr. Norman, was b)rn in Montreal, but has resided in Toronto many years ; he is tasteful in design and low in his prices for work executed, and now com- mands an extensive business. F. W. Flatt, Pharmacist, No. 462 Queen Street West.- One of the most popular and efficient drug- gists in the locality where he carries on business is .Mr. Fred W. Flett. Ho has been established twelve years, and his store at No. 462 (^ueen Street West is well patronized because people tiave confidence in his honesty and ability as a druggist. His stock comprises everything necessary to a first class drug store, and embraces drugs, chemicals, medicines and proprietary remedies, elegant fancy goods and toilet articles, fine soaps and perfumery, physicians' sup- plies and druggists' sundries, etc. It has always been the aim of Mr. Flett to keep fresh and pure drugs and chemicals. He gives very particular atten- tion to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes. Mr. Flett is a young man, several years on the sunny side of thirty, was born at Hamilton, and is a graduate of the Ontario College of Pharmacy. He served his apprenticeship with Mr. W. Boydon of this city, and in 1885 bought out the business of Messrs. Wild & Co., which had been in operation about ten years. He possesses every possible qualification as a chemist and druggist, and commands the esteem of the co nmunity both in his personal and professional relations. Wllllamaen, Dignuni ti Oo., Importers of Fine Woollens and Tailors' Trimmings, 22 Welling- ton Street West. - This firm has only been in exist- ence for a few months, but it is alreaily promising for a large and reassuring business. .Mr. A. Williamson, who wiis for a considerable time connected with the firm of Hoiision, Foster iV Co., enjoys the general reputation ol being the best judge of woollen goon of Klectricity as a romedial agent may not in ever/ case prove efleclive, Imt it has cer- tainly l>een ilUistrated that in cases that have l>oen entirely olistinnte and unmanageable under other methods, have l)ei'n treated and perfectly cured by the Electric system. It may be said further, that in every case of incurable disease an amelioration of the symptoms is always induced to the gres.t relief and satisfaction of the patient and friends. In r^ases where complications exist, rer.ching so far back that even a correct diagnosis is diOicull to procure, Klectricity is the only hope. In such an event, the services of the professional Klectricinn must necessarily be called in, and in this respect we have to mention the name of Prof. Vernoy, a gentlrman distinguished in his pro- fession, and enjoying in the (Jueen City an unrivalled reputation for the great successes which have attended his method of treatment of all kinds of nervous, acute and chronic diseases. The I'rofessor is the founder and proprietor of the Electro-Therapeutic Institute at •97 jarvis Street, a beautifully situated building in the healthiest part of the city. He is a native of New York, and tirst commenced the practice of Electric Therapeutics in Pennsylvania in 1869, according 'o the new theory, proving it to be a success. In 1876 Prof. Vernoy left Philadelphia for (.,"anada, where his success has lieen marvellous, earning for him a wide reputation in the cure of nervous diseases and those not successfully dealt with by other means. The new system of Electricity is becoming more popular and interesting year by year. In his paper, the "Electric Age," Professor Vernoy records numerous testimonials as to the saving of life and restoration to health by the new system. Mis large ex]>erience and jiractice in the use of Electricity induced him to produce a superior EUctro-MeJiatl Battery, suited to all varie- ties of human temperament and the various classes of diseases, This delicate instrument is so nicely arranged that persons who cannot conveniently enter the Institution for treatment may, by obtaining one of them, take treatment at home successfully by follow- ing the instructions. The Battery, for simplicity, durability, elegance and efhciency combined, is regardeination of the Professor's invention, (No other like it in Canada.) W. B. .McMurrich,Es(|.,.M. A., Barrister, Toronto; (i. K. Howard, Esq., Barrister, Winnijieg, formerly of Toronto ; Hon. T. B. Pardee, Sarnia ; I). fJ, Hay, Esq,, M,P., Listowel ; jas. Ballantyne, Es(|., M.P., Stratford , Rev. (\. M. .Slilligan, Toronto ; Uev. (ohn Potts, D.D., Toronto; Rev. J. H. Castle, I). I)., Toronto; Wm. Elliott, Esij , wholesale druggist. Front Street, Toronto; J. Watson, Esc|., .Manager People's Loan and Deposit Co., Toronto; .Sam'l. Osborne, Es<|,, Freight and Passenger Agent, 40 Yonge Street, Toronto ; John Evans, Est] , Toronto ; Robert H. Henry, Es(|., Winnipeg; Alex. Jardine, Esi(., of Sloan, Jardine cS: Mason, Front Street, ' Toronto ; Grip Publishing Company, Front Street, Toronto ; Thos. Brown, Esc;., Ingersoll ; J. J. Iloyt, M.D., Ingersoll ; H. Covert, Esej., Director Toronto Bank, Port Hope; \V. H. Story, Esq., (Hove Manu- facturer, Acton; D. McMaster, Est]., Cilove Manu- facturer. Weston ; William Kersee, Esq., Princeton ; J. Lister. Esq., 42 James .Street, Hamilton ; J. R. Barber, Georgetown, Piesident Barber & Ellis Co., Toronto; E. M. Shadbolt, Esq., Manager Bank Montreal, Montreal ; S, J, Moore, Esq., Grip Pub, I Co., Front Street, Toronto; R. N. Gray, Esq., I Dominion Bank, Toronto; V, B. Wadsworth, Esq., i Inspector Loan and Agency Co., Toiunto; Col. J. F. Marsh, l)es Moines, Iowa ; C. C. Job, M.D., Lon- don, Ont.; Hebble White, Esq., Collingwood, Ont. ; Robt. E. Hall, Esq., Paris Station, Ont.; Rev. Dr. Wilson, Clergy House, 208 E. 17th .Street, N.Y.; Wm. Hall Esq., Morrisburg, -P.Q ; W. S. Clark, Esq., M.D., Toronto; Thos. Bengough, Esq., 19 King Street West, Toronto. I'M PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Jam** W. BumSt Fine (Iroceriex. No. 32 (^Hci-n Street VVcit. — A prominent and popular re- preHcntntive of the retail grocery trade in this city. Air. Jameii W. Uurns h in command of a lii>eral and lucrative cuKtom. With a moHt favorahlc location at thecorntr of (^ueeri .Street West and James Street, he succeeded in the Kail of 18S5 to the l)UsinesH of a deceased cousin which had Ween prosperously carried on a*, this stand for nineteen years, ilis store is fully and completely stocked with line staple and fancy groceries, inclusive of the most popular hrnnds of Hours, notai)ly those of the Lamlilon mill, the finest canned i;oods, etc. The teas, cofTees, spices iind sugars are selected with special care, and since the business has licen in the hands of the present proprietor, he has kept up, ond enhanced the high reputation it enjoys, .Several courteous assistants .serve customers, and oruses insuring a market always attractive to close buyers. Among the most important concerns in this city, who are leaders in their line, is the house of Caldecott, Burton & Co., who have now been established eight years, and who do an extensive business all over the Dominion in supplying all descriptions of staple and fancy dry gomis to the trade alone. Two large brick — stone facings — buildings of commanding appearance in the centre of the business section are occupied, five stories in height, and 55x12; feet in dimensions. A very heavy stock ii carried, the business being con- ducted on the old country style of a'ways having the st C. Arehar, Millinery and Dressmaking, 282 Queen Street West. — One of the most interesting .and attractive business places among the many that line <,)ueen Street West, is that of Miss E. Archer located at No. 282. The business was originally established .nbout five years ago, by her late lamented and highly respected mother. The store is very hand- somely appointed, and contains a complete and most desirable assortment of French and English millinery goods, consisting of trimmed and untrimmed bonnets and hats in the latest styles, feathers, flowers, silks, velvets, laces, etc. Miss Archer is able to offer special inducements to her patrons, by rci-son of her direct business relations with the wholesale and importing houses from which she obtains her supplies. A lady of superior taste and excellent judgment, she makes i up her stock with exceeding care. In the dressmaking department a specialty is made of ladies mantles, which are in keeping with everything that emanates fromthis popular and largely patronized establishment. Miss Archer is a native of Gait, and has been a resi- dent of Toronto at intervals during a period of four- teen years. .She is well-known and cordially esteemed as a woman of exceptional business ability, elevated I character, and courteous, dignified manners. 1' TORONTO. 137 t' Themaa Olayton. Meat MnrUet, 533 Vonge Street. - The altovo (irm has licen vstaMisheii for the past twelve year*, at ihc jiresent locatinn 533 \uin;e Street, where it «)Ccii|)ies premises nf the (limeiisions r«ve(l style, not only in rej;ai(l to cleanliness and coniforl, hut with due respect to ihe hiisinrss carried on, such L« Ooffaa & Oe«t Produce Cnmniission Mer- chants, JO C'hurch Street.— The ahove (inn is one o( the oldest coniniission merchaiiis in Toronlo, It w.\s founded in 1S45 under the name of (■offec & .Aruislron^;, and up till |85esl ipiality of goods at the lowest market prices. Through his own exertions and natural ability for the supply (jf the wants if the pub- lic, Mr. Porter has built up for himself a name that in this district cannot be surpassed for honesty and general knowledge of the trade an SInelaIr, Importers and Dealers in Sugars, Teas, Wines and Spirits, and General Gro- cers, 102 Front Street East — Among the prominent and oldest established business houses of the " Queen City " of Toronto, which have upheld her commercial prosperity from her early days must be mentioned the well known firm of J. & F. G. Sinclair. This house was established half a century ago, and Mr. James Sinclair became proprietor in 1849. F"or the past thirty years the firm has been, as it is to-day, J. & F. G. Sinclair. Their business is that of general grocers, keeping in stock and importing direct all the finer class of goods in which they deal, — China and Japan Teas, Mocha and Java CoflTees, spices from Arabia and India, and sugars from Cuba and the south. They also keep fishing lines, gilling thread and seine twine, and deal largely in the various brands'of wines and spirits. The premises occupied are well suited to the requirements of the business, being 20x45 '^^t '" dimensions and 3 stories in height, .situated at 102 Front Street East, in which three hands are given employment, and' one horse and waggon are used in the business. The gentle- men of the firm are natives of Scotland, who have been in this country since their childhood, and by that innate honesty and industry inherent in their race, have built up and maint.iined one of Toronto's representative business houses. Al«xan4«r li Co. (Late Lyon & Alexander), no, 112 and 114 Bay Street ; Ontario Photographic Stock Warehouse, Importers and Manufacturers of Photo Goods, Mouldings, Mirrors, Chromos, Frames, etc.; Sole Agents in Canada for Dellmeyer Lenses; Thirty years ago Mr. E. J. Palmer was the first in Canada to take photographs and also the first to handle photographers' stock. His work was s6me- what primitive then in comparison to the present im- proved methods of the art. In 1878 the firm of Lyon & Alexander succeeded Mr. Palmer as importers and manufacturers of photographic goods ; a most com- plete stock of everything required in that line being kept in their commodious warerooms, which are 51x80 feet in dimensions, on Bay Street, and occupy two flats, in which employment is given to five assistants. The business has grown rapidly within the p.ist few years, and is the principal one of its kind in the city. On the 26th day of July Mr. Alexander assumed the sole control of the business, Mr. Lyon retiring. This is one of the best photo- graphic houses in the city. 180 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. «!• Da WallSf Assessment System, Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, 65 King Street East, — This Association first commenced business 1 in a small room at No. 26 Liberty .Street, New | York, about live years ago, and since that date has Ijeen obliged to change its quarters no less than four times, owing in each case to the rapid expansion of its business. Its latest move has been { to its present location, in the I'otter Building, in I which it occupies two flats, comprising 40 rooms. | The President and author of the Association, Mr. E. 1 B. Harper, is well known as a thorough exjjcrt in all • insurance matters, and has associated with him a ; large share of the ablest talent in the United .States ! and Canada in the development of his enter))risc. | The chief officers of the Association are E. B. Harper, j President; Alfred Taylor, Vice-President; VV. B. Bissell, Treasurer, and F. T. Bramen, Secretary. It grants life policies on the natural premium plan at the lowest known mutual rates, and h-is deposited for the security ol members, with the Governmental Departments, $200,000, at Albany, and for Canada $50,000, at Ottawa; having besides deposited with the Central Trust Co., of New York, $500,000, making in all a total reserve fund of over $750,000. Th% aim has always been to place the boon of a life insurance policy within the reach of all, and the suc- cess achieved is well attested by the following figures : — The total number of members who have been received since the organization of the Associa- tion is 41,005, covering insurance to the amount of $164,058,500 ; and we close the year 1885 with a membership of 31,264, an insurance in force aggre- gating $123,353,500, after jiroviding for all lapses and deaths. The Canadian business of the Associa- tion amounted to over $6,000,000 during the year 1885. The Toronto office is located at No. 65 King Street East, and is in charge of Mr. J. D. Wells, a gentleman of long experience in insurance matters, and is well known and generally esteemed. He is a native of Prescott, Ontario, and brother to the Hon. R. M. Wells, late Speaker of the House of Assembly. T. MeCermaoki Stationery and Fancy Goods, St. Lawrence Arcade Building. — Among the many important and attractive commercial establish- ments in King Street East, that of T. McCormack is well worthy of special notice. The business was founded more than thirty years ago, and a most central and desirable location in .St. Lawrence Arcade building, occupying premises 50x200 feet in extent, in which may be found a full stock and a magnificent display of stationery and fancy goods, including school and office stationery, albums, games, children's carriages, toys, fancy basket work, wooden ware and rublAr goods. The business has, under judicious management, grown and developed, and a large share of the best patronage of the city and surrounding sections of country is extended to it. Mr. McCor- mack, the enterprising proprietor, is an energetic and active business man, who has had a long experience in his present line. He is a native of Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Ireland, and was for many years a non-commissioned officer of Her Majesty's forces, 14 of which were spent in Ind-'a, where he served with distinction through the Indian mutiny. He came to Canada and joined the Royal Canadian Rifles of this city at the time of the Fenian Raid in 1866, and is still actively connected with the volun- teer force. J. W. A. Butlar, Parisian Ostrich Feather Dyer, 80 Bay Street.— The ostrich has played a most important part as an aid to decoration long years be- fore " Romulus or Remus had been sucklecl." The <2ueen of Sheba, and Egypt's lovely Queen, Cleo- patra, had their attendants, who, with waving fans of ostrich feathers, protected them from the burning rays of the Oriental sun. Empresses and queens have held prouder heads when decorated with the plumage of the ostrich, and the ladies of the present day are no exception to the rule. The feather, as taken from the bird, presents but a very tame, unat- tractive appearance, and would never have gained its high favor but for the skilful manipulations of the manufacturer and dyer, under whose hands it becomes "a thing of beauty and a joy forever" O.strich feathers that would cost the importer of the raw ma- terial $5,000, cost the buyer, after they have jiasseil through the manufacturer's hand*, $20,000. Mr. J. W. A. Butler, of 80 Bay Street, in this city, has no equal on this continent as a manufacturer and dyer of the.se feathers. At the Toronto Exhibition in 1884 he received a bronze medal for excellence of work- manship, and in 1885 a gold medal for the finest dis- play of ostrich feathers. One single feather alone, that he dyed and dressed, is worth over $7500, and is dyed in all the tints of the rainbow, in edging and shading containing over 150 shades. Mr. Builerwas formerly dyer in the employ of V'iol & Duflot, and Mullen, Freres & Garnand, Paris, France. He dyes, cle.ins and curls for the trade, and enjoys the patronage of the leading dry goods houses in the city, who import these goods, for whom he does the work. Mr. Butler was born in the Channel Islands, and is of French origin. He has been established in business in this city two and a half years. He employs 22 hand?, who are skilled in their work. His premises are 40x60 feet in dimensions, and consist of three floors. He is an excellent gentleman and an enthusiast in his work, which accounts for his success. •I. Hunter Brown, 283 Vongc Street, Merchant Tailoring and Gents' Furnishings. The commercial importance of Toronto has grown to large proportions during the past few years, and this creditable state of affairs is due in a great measure to the untiring energy of its merchant tailors. Among those known for their enterprise is Mr. J, Hunter Brown, the clothier, of 283 Yonge Street. Mr. Brown, on choosing his location, was fully aware of the fact that the tailoring stores on this street and in the near neighborhood were as thick as berries on a bush, but his sound business knoivledge and keen foresight at once saw that, in the midst of what might be called a nest of clothiers, there was a vacancy for a really first-class house, where the public could rely on getting the very best productions of the tailors' art without the high price of down-town stores. This house was estab- lished July, 1885, at its present location, where its spacious sale rooms are filled to overflowing. A large and extensive experience in this country and Scotland has given Mr. Brown an enviable prominence as a leading clothier, and his complete and judiciously selected stock of woollens from all the European markets are not to be surpassed. Mr. Brown is a native of Paisley, Scotland, where he was educated and reared, coming to this country six years ago, where, by his own unaided efforts he has built up for himself a business that is lucrative and en- I viable. « I: \. TORONTO. 181 I Th« P«opl«'« Cempuny. Pianos, Organs anil Sewing Machines, M. J. Harney, Manager, 60 Adelaide Street, (corner Hay). — In a work calcu- lated to present a picture of the importance of To- ronto as a manufacturing and ])urchasing centre, an establishment of the above nature merits a full share of notice. The People's Co. was happily named when es- tablished last December, be- ing practically a co-operation between the producer and the consumer, doing away with the expense on the lat- ter of the middlemen. The system adopted by the Com- pany is an entirely new d-i- parture in their line, and one which must at once commend itself to the care- ful purchaser and thinking citizen. The principles of the Company arc to sell to the public at wholesale prices. ]5y so doing they avoid the risks other housea take in selling through agents and dealers, and by avoiding that risk are en- abled to sell at reduced rales. Goods are shipped to any destination through- out Canada, direct to re- sponsible parties, the Com- pany paying all freight charges. If the goods are not found then to be as re- presented or otherwise unsat- isfactory, the return charges are also borne by them. The "Star" organ is sohl in six styles, at prices ranging from $65 to $90, agents' circular prices for the same being from $130 to $180, the difllerence _^ being a clear saving to the .^=s purchaser of the difference ^J in these figures. As to ihi^5 quality of the instruments, v?"" they are universally known V^^ as first-class in every par- ticular and approved by leading artists. The reeds used in these instruments are by the most approved makers, and arc worked by our tuners upon an original plan, so as to produce the most pleasing combinations and sounds. The Stop Action used by us is direct acting, infinitely superior to the old bent wire attachments, which are always a fertile source of annoyance by continually getting out of order. The Bellows of the " Star" organ is well and substantially made ol the very best materials to be obtained in the American markets, and constructed not only with a view to its durability, but so as to produce power and sweetness of sound combined, and our warranty for five years is a suflicient guarantee for the genuineness of our statements. The "Star" pianos also enjoy an enviable reputation, and is of the very best make and finish. The price, $250, on easy terms, is ridiculously low when compared witli the ordinary retail price of $500, on terms much more stringent. The "Star" sewing machine has all latest improvements, splendid woodwork, nickeled works, automatic tensions and superior finish. The price is only $30 in easy payments. The People's Company is composed of men of 20 years' experience in nearly every department, and is known throughout the Dominion of Canada, from British Columbia to the Atlantic Ocean, which is a guarantee to the public that the goods handled by them are in every respect first-class. Circulars with full particulars are sent on application. The energetic Manager, Mr. M. J. Harney, is well known in all portions of the Dominion, having been engaged in the trade for the past 18 years, and hav- ing gained a well-earned reputation as an enterpris- ing and reliable business man. The readers of this work who may contemplate the purchase of any of the goods handled by The People's Company, should correspond with or call on the firm without further delay, as by so doing they will consult their own interests. !• I 182 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Jerganaeil Ai Samuclaon, Watchmakers and Jewellers, No. 190 Queen Street West. — Conspicu- ous among the comparatively new business enter- prises that have won popular favor, the jewellery store of Messrs. Jorgenson & .Samuelson is deserving of special mention. This firm was formed about two years ago. Its store is favorably located at 190 Queen Street West. It is filled with a carefully selected assortment of fine domestic and imported watches, clocks and jewellery of every description, elegant gold and silver plated ware, optical goods and a great variety of other articles usually found in a first-class establishment of this character. These gentlemen are practical and expert watchmakers and jewellers of ample experience, that of the junior member of the firm covering a period of 1 5 years. The repairing and adjusting of fine watches receives particular attention, and is done promptly and (satisfactorily. Mr. Theodore Jorgenson is a young man under 30, a native of Denmark, whence he came to this city some three years ago, and enjoys the reputation of being one of the most skilful practical watchmakers of Toronto, having devoted his zeal and energy to this branch exclusively. Mr. John Samuelson is one of the same nationality, but has been a resident of Toronto for more than 15 years; he is about 35 years of age, and has rendered very acceptable service as a_ member of the school board. They arc both known and respected as highly honorable business men and valuable citizens, and merit the success they have achieved. William Brown, Dealer in all kinds of New Furniture and Upholsterer, 287 Queen Street West.— Too much consideration cannot be given to that class of a city's industries which caters to the daily wants of its inhabitants. With our advancing civilization and cultivation of taste, the people exact that a store be attractive, and the stock conveniently displayed for inspection, as to quality and effect, and these demands are promptly met by enterprising; dealers. Among such in Toronto none has attained a more deserved success than that of Mr. William Brown, who established his business six years ago, and has since built up a flourishing trade, extending through the city, and into the surrounding towns and villages. Mr. Brown is a native of Ireland, and came to Canada in 1855, and may be cited as an enterprising, and energetic business man, and has the possession of advantages and facilities seldom if ever surpassed. Robert Varroili Grocer and Provision Merchant, 657 Yonge Street. — This establishment was first opened in 1882, at the present location, 657 Yonge Street, with but moderate capital. Mr. Barron has, from his opening, made a point of keeping nothing but the finest of goods, and everything that is neces- sary for the conducting of a first-class grocery is al- ways to be found at his store. He occupies premises of the dimensions of 20x75 feet, and employs several polite and gentlemanly clerks, and for the delivery of goods to his numerous patrons he keeps constantly on the road two waggons. He is an example of the shrewd business men that Scotland produces, and goes to prove the long claimed fact that Scutch- men are the leaders of the world in every line of business. He was born in 1842, and ri^ceiwd in his native country the trainine; that has now brought him to be one of the foremost men of this district. E> il« Honry, Dealer in Flour, Feed, Hay, Straw, Bran, Oats, etc.. 617 Queen Street West.— Mr. E. J. Henry has been in the forage and grocery business since 1876, having first started on University Street. In 1885 he purchased the goodwill of the business at his present location, of Mr. T. K. Rogers, since which time the business has rapidly increased. His store is well adapted for the business, being 43x100 feet in dimen.sions, and is stocked with a choice and desirable line of fine family groceries, comprising cverthing pertaining to the trade in all the staple and fancy articles. Everything in the line of teas, coffees, spices, etc., is bought from the most reliable dealers, and warranted fresh and pure. The portion of the business devoted to flour, feed, hay, etc., is both wholesale and retail. All goods are .sold at the lowest margin of profit consistent with a legiti- mate business. Mr. E. J. Henry is a thorough prac- tical business man. He learned his trade with the firmof Messrs. Leighton Bros. & McKeiver, wholesale grocers of Syracuse, N. Y. He is a native of Canada, and his career in business has been an eminently suc- cessful and creditable one. Murray fi Oafnoy, Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, 136 Queen Street East. — Among the leadmg houses in Toronto engaged extensively in the plumb- ing, gas and steamfitting business, one well worthy of special notice is that ot Messrs. Murray & Gafney, which is located at 136 (^ueen .Street East. Although but recently in the tield this young firm have achieved already a most gratifying success in their special line of industry. They occupy commodious and desirable premises, having a frontage of 20 by a depth of 100 feet, and three stories in height, where they carry in stock a complete assortment of plumb- ing* g^i> fitting ana steam and furnace heating appar- atus, etc. Also soil pipes, closets, baths and sani- tary apparatus generally. They make a leading specialty ot fitting up public buildings, factories, offices and private dwellings witii the latest modern improvements iu plumbing, gas and steam fitting. A staff of experienced workmen are employed, and they are themselves considered to be experts in everything connected with their line of business. Mr. Murray superintends the plumbing, and Mr. Gafney the gas fitting. Although both are young men, they have had a long and practical experience in their line of business, the former in Toronto and the latter in New York. Both are natives of this city, and are conducting a good nnd steadily increasing business. Tho Yorkvllla Laundry, 693 and 695 Yonge Street. — Cleanliness is the most important lactor in the maintenance of health, not only as regards the household but also the person and clothing. To the general publie there is nothing more essential than a first cla.ss laundry, where they can get their soiled apparel cleaned at a moderate price. .Such a one is the above, which was established at 693 and 695 Yonge Street, the present location, in 1874, and has since its inception grown in public favor, and now requires for the extensive business, premises of the dimensions of 30x150 feet, and constant employment is given to 2ohands,and for the delivery a waggon is constantly on the road. The proprietor, Mr. H. D. Palsey, is a native of England, where he was born in 1841, and after completing his business training came to this city in 1872, where he is rapidly becom- ing a man of wealth. TORONTO. 188 — V William Alexander, Practical Watchmaker ano Jeweller, 350 Yonge Street. — As a centre for the trade in watches, jewellery, etc., Toronto has long made an exceptionally favorable showing, and here can l)e found all the latest styles in jewellery, and the i finest American and imported watches. Among the most active and enterprising meuibers of the trade is Mr. William Alexander, whose handsome store is so centrally located at No. 350 Yonge Street, near Elm. Mr. Alexander was born in this "ity, and has here been permanently identified with this branch of busi- ness, having founded his present establishment some eighteen years ago. lie brings to bear the widest range of experience, and is in every sense of the word a practical watchmaker and jeweller. Mr. Aitexander carries a large and judiciously assorted stock of gold and silver watches of the best makers, and which he sells as low, and in many cases lower than elsewhere. His lines of jewellery are always fashionable, includ- ing the newest styles in solid gold and plated goods. He gives special attention to the remounting of dia- monds and precious stones, promptly executes repairs of all kinds, while he has achieved an enviable reputa- tion for the skill manifested in the thorough repair of fine watches, chronometers, and other complicated movements. Mr. Alexander is universally popular and respected, and none have more worthily achieved an enduring and acknowledged success. Thoa. Olaaa Ic Co., Manufacturers of Saddles, Harness, Trunks, Valises, etc., No 254 (^ueen Street West. — Among the active, enterprising business men who have achieved prominence in their respective lines of trade, there are none who enjoy a better repu- tation as Harness Makers than the firm of Thomas Glass & Co. Mr. Glass, the proprietor, has been established here about six years, during which period he has made himself well-known, and has secured a liljeral and lucrative custom. He employs none but the most competent workmen, personally supervises all work, and thus ensures the most satisfactory results 'in the shape of the best work. Saddles and harness of every description, including the finest, are made to order, and a large assortment kept in stock, together with improved trunks, valises, satchels, waterproof covers, etc. , and jobbing is given prompt and special attention. Full lines of horse and carriage furnish- ings are also to be found here, and the rates that pre- vail are as low as those anywhere else for first-class goods. Mr. Glass is a native of Richmond Hill, where he learned his trade, is in the full vigor of middle life, and for several years occupied the respon- sible position of foreman in the establishment of Messrs. Lugsdin & Uarnett, on Yonge Street. W. H. MeDougal, Gents' Furnishings, t028 Queen Street West. — -Nothing so becomes a man, at least in outward appearance, as to be well dressed. It is an indication of refinement and good taste. The dealer, therefore, in gents' furnishing goods who carries a good stock of the latest and best selected articles, fills an important position in a civilized com- munity. Among those engaged in this line of busi- ness is Mr. W. H. MeDougal, who is located at 1028 Queen Street West, the premises occupied being 12x35 feet in dimensions and well stocked with a complete line of gents' furnishing goods of the latest novelties and newest designs. He has been estab- lished in business for the past four months. Mr. MeDougal was born in Thorold in the year 1859, and lived in Owen Sound for 15 years. He came to Toronto two years ago, and travelled for Messrs. Hryce, McMurrich & Co., wholesale dry goods, when, wiili a natural and much to be respected ambition, he determined upon entering the commercial arena for himself, and has met with well-uildings in the most thorough and workman-like manner. Tinware is also manufactured and carried in stock in great variety. Both members of the firm are natives of Toronto, where they have always resided. They are practical men in the business in which they are engaged, and employ four assistants in their estab- lishment, which now enjoys a large share of the best patronage of the city. 180 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. «laiH«S ShUMa A Oo., Importers of Teas and General Groceries, No. 138 Vonge Street. Among the well known, old established and reliable houses in Toronto, that of James Shields & Co., which was founded in 1852, deserves special notice, and has since acquired an enviable reputation for fair dealing and the excellent quality of the goods kept. Messrs. James Shields and Co., aie importers of teas and general groceries, and are also large importers of wines, tine liquors and cigars, of which goods they have always on hand all the celebrated and well known brands. The premises they occupy are large and commodious,* beint; live stories in height, 40x210 feet in dimensions. Employment is given to many hands, and the business done by the firm is about the best in the city, if not in Canada. They are natives of .Scotland, but have lived in this country many years. They are well known and respected by the people of Toronto, and as business men their reputation is of the best. The characteristics which regulate 'he business policy of the house are such as entitle it to universal consideration, and, judging from the past, it may well anticipate a prosperous future. Smith BrOBf Wholesale and Retail Commission Merchants, No. 28 <^)ueen Street West. — Conspicu- ous among the most energetic and enterprising com- mission merchants of this city, the well known firm of Smith Bros., is successfully prosecuting a business that was commenced some ten years ago by the senior member of the present firm. Five years later the copartnership was formed by the admission of his brother. The premises occupied are located at No. 28 Queen Street West, are commodious in size, well provided with storage room, and the best possible facilities for the transaction of the i aisiness. They carry on a large trade as wholesale and retail com- mission merchants in all kinds of staple and fancy groceries and fruits, receiving consignments direct from producers and shipping to all parts of the Dominion, They make a specialty of and handle foreign and domestic fruits. The largest orders are filled with despatch, and the premises are connected by telephone with every part of the city in order to expedite business. The commercial connections of this firm are extensive. Prompt, energetic salesmen, they watch the markets closely, sell to the best advantage of the shipper, and are noted for making quick returns. The members of this firm are Messrs. Thomas H. and Edward G. .Smith. The former was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, and was but fifteen years old when he came to this city, in 1871. Edward is about thirty, and has resided here nearly eleven years. They are both thorough-going, honorable men of business. Their annual transactions reach $60,000, and their patronage is of a high class. They occupy an influential mercantile and social position, and no members of the community are more cordially respected. llamas ll> Samo, Cabinet-maker and Uphol- sterer, Wholesale and Retail, 189 Yonge .Street. — Mr. Samo established the business of cabinet-making at the premises at present located at 189 Yonge Street, about 16 years ago, and.owmgto the superior work turned out from his shop, immediately took the lead in artistic work. The premises occupied are well arranged for conducting the business, 40x120 feet in dimensions, used as warerooms, and the fac- tory, comprising two buildings of 70x60 and 60x30 feet respectively, which are provided with every necessary article in the way o( improved tools and appliances for turning out the very best quality of furniture at the lowest prices, the house being the only one in the city manufacturing its goods on the premises. Fine cabinet-ware of all kinds is made, a specialty being made of art furniture, in the up- holsterinir of which the most elegant fabrics are used. Trie art furniture manufactured by this estab- lishment are among the finest made in this country. Mr. Samo, the proprietor, was born in New York in 1834, coming to Canada in March, 1856. He is a thorough and practical furniture and cabinet-maker, and since his establishing himself in business here, has been closely identified with the industrial pro- gress of the city. A feature for which this house has gained for itself great distinction is the elegant and elaborate way in which they have fitted up some of i the leading banks and hotels of the Dominion, and j to-day they are in a better position than ever to fill ! all contracts for work of this description. J. ■• COOkf Photographer, 191 and 193 Yonge Street. — One of the oldest photographic galleries in Toronto, dating from 1854, is the one now occupied by Mr. j. B. Cook, at 191 and 193 Yonge Street. Mr. Cook succeeded Mr. .S. J. Dixon in 1878. As would be supposed from the age of this gallery, it is favorably known throughout Ontario and even in Quebec, but Mr. Cook has so far surpassed his pre- decessors that, to carry on his extensive business, he retjuires the entire space of two large Hats and a beautiful front store, to supply the demand which is daily increasing tor his photos. Besides giving em- ployment to four men, Mr. Cook has the latest patterns of labor-saving machinery. In connection with his ordinary photographic studio, Mr. Cook has large and powerful lenses of the latest patterns for viewing purposes, and the work in this department is not only a credit to himself but to the Dominion generally. Mr. Cook is a native of M.irkham, County of York, born of Canadian parents in 1855. He left his native village some years ago for here, where in a large city a man of business and ability is sure to succeed. Wm. Cress, Taxidermist, 183 Queen Street West. — One of the oldest established, as it is the most repre- sentative concern in this line in the district, is that of which Mr. W. Cross is the proprietor. He has suc- ceeded in developing a large and increasing trade, covering the best classes of customers throughout the district. Mr. Cross brings practical experience to bear coupled with an intimate knowledge of the tastes and wants ol the most critical and appreciative students of natural history. Mr. Cross' establish- ment, centrally located at No. 183 Queen Street W., contains many an attractive specimen of his skill as a taxidermist. He has studied from nature, and applies the knowledge in the practical restoration of the forms of birds and animals to the perfect versimilitude of life itself. The public can absolutely rely on getting anything done in this line in the best style of the pro- fession, from the preservation of the forms and out- lines of quadrupeds down to birds, fishes and reptiles. Mr. Cross carries in stock an extensive assortment of eggs from every known species of birds ; also skins of every variety common to the naturalist. Price list on application. TORONTO. 187 A< Na W*lohi Diamond Merchant and Fine Jew- ellery Manufacturer, 31 Adelaide Street West.— Since the most ancient of days workers in silver and gold have held a very prominent place in the indus- tries of a country, and is an evidence of the prosperity of the community in which they exist. It is with pleasure, therefore, that we mention the leading ones m this city, among whom is Mr. A. II. Welch, whose establishment is located at 31 Adelaide Street West. The premises are well adapted for the work done, and the very latest improved machinery is used, including dies for lockets, whereby the seams are turned in and no outside jointure is observed, Mr. Welch has a wide- spread reputation as a designer and engraver, especi- ally in medals, for which he has taken l>ronze medals an! tive first prizes at the Toronto exhibition, and also :•. first prize for best settings in diamond rings, for iiecklaces and lockets, and a diploma for gold and s' Ivor plating. As convincing proof of his excellence ol design and work, the judges for a fair in Scotland selected one made by him out of twenty-two compe- titors, the medal being intended as a prize for best butter. The trowel used in laying the coiner stone of the Home for Incurables and designed by Mr. Welch, was presented to the Princess Louise, who now has it among her Canadian souvenirs in England. This gentleman started in business alone, in a small room on King Street, where, by the excellence of his workmanship, energy and enterprise, he soon secured an extensive custom, and finding that he required more commodious quarters, removed his establish ment to 36 Adelaide Street West, where he took a jmrtner with him. Imniediately after the Toronto exhibition burglars entered his house, and taking the keys opened the safe at the ofhce, stealing therefrom $5,000 worth of jewellery and precious stones. No trace of the robbers or their booty was ever discov- ered. The establishment was removed to Yonge Street, and after six years the partnership was dis- solved, Mr, Welch continuing the business alone, again on Adelaide Street, this time on the south side, at No. 31 West, where he prosecutes that branch of the business most adapted to his tastes, namely, manufacturing, and now enjoys a large share of the best patronage of the city, which is steadily increasing. He employs about 15 hands, and in regard to the | completeness of its appointments, and is one ol the | largest in the Dominion. Mr, Welch isa member and '. otiticial of the Parkdale Methodist Church, and is also ' the founder and superintendent of the .Sunday-school in connection therewith. He is native of Hamilton, and is a representative Canadian, and highly esteemed in Masonic circles and by the general community, and is also Grand Trustee of the Canada Order of Oddfellows Widows' and Orphans' Fund. He also alloys and melts all his own gold on the premises, and is a well known expert in this important depart- ment. are of the dimensions of 26 feet frontage by 40 feet deep, and the services of seven skilled workmen are constantly employed. Mr. Windeler is a native of London, England, and was for many years foreman of Robert Bateman & Co.'s wholesale boot and shoe manufactory, a firm well known and universally esteemed in the business centres of England for the quality and finish of their productions. In his busi- ness experience Mr. Windeler has won a host ol friends and has a standard trade. All orders are filled with despatch and seldom fail to give satis- faction. O. H. Tonkin, Hatter and Furrier, 718 Vonge Street. — No house in the city, the time of its incep- tion being taken in consideration, enjoys a better reputation for the excellence of i ts stock than that of Mr. Charles II. Tonkin, located at 718 Vonge Street. Mr. Tonkin commenced business on his own account some six months ago, at his present store. Although recently established, Mr. Tonkin has been connected for a number of years at 110 Yonge Street, where he has had large experience in his trade, which is ample proof that the large stock of hats, caps and furs of all descriptions, are selected with the greatest amount of care and foresight, for the wants of his numerous patrons. Mr, Tonkin was born in London, Ont., where, after receiving a sound business education, he removed to Toronto eleven years ago, and for the past .seven years has identified himself with the above trade. He isa man of sterling business qualities, and his push and energy is rapidly bringing him to the front. W. Windolor, Practical Boot and Shoemaker, 283 Hueen Street West. —This business was estab- lished in 1878, by Mr. Windeler, and the premises now occupied are very spacious and convenient, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of boots, shoes and slippers for men, women and children, in every style and quality. With ample facilities at his disposal, Mr. Windeler is enabled to buy from the manufacturers for cash, taking advantage of all dis- counts, and is thus in a position to offer unrivalled advantages to his patrons. The premises occupied Dr. Frank E. Cryslar, Dental Surgeon.— Among the numerous professions, that of the doctor may be said to be the most important; life and death may be said to rest in their hands, and consequently upon their skill and judgment rests the most vital interests. Dr. Frank E. Crysler, of 278 Queen Street West, has been e^ablished in business since 1878. He is a graduatl of the Royal College of Dental Surgeons, and was, during his course of studies there, Vice-President and Secretary of the Dental .Society. He is a medical doctor of Buffalo, and formerly practised throughout the United States, more especially in Texas. He was born in Niagara, on the Canadian side, in 1857. He matriculated from the Vork Academy at the College of Dental Surgeons in 1876 and took his degree in 1878, when he started in business. As a dentist he is classed as one of the the best in the city, and has a large custom with the leading families. 188 PROVINCK OF ONTARIO. Alkanhcatf tt erembU, Importers aiul DealerH in British, American anil iJoHiestic Hard- ware, etc., cor V'ongc ami Kinp Streets. — In review- ing the extensive ami rapidly increasing commercial industrieK of Toronto, the above old L'sta)>lished and well known house is deserving of special recog- nition. As long ago as 1830, the business was founded under the style of Kidout llros. iV Co., and became Kidout, Aikenhead & Croniliic in 1866, and in 1876 the present title was adopted. The premises now occupied by the tirm consist of a four story brick building, 28x50 fet-t in diniensions, and are located in the very heart of the business section of the city. The stock carried is large and varied, and consists of every description of English, foreign and domestic hardware, iron, steel, nails, lead, tin, cutlery, paints, cordage, etc. Special attention is paid to the handling of m.ichinists° tools and supplies of the best (juality and selection. A superior class of fine bronzed trimmings and builders" hardware. The tirm hold the exclusive agency for the celebrated Norton Door Check and Sprinf;, by the use of which the binging and slamming of doors is entirely pre- vented. In addition, Messrs. Aikenhead iV Crombie have the sole right for the sale of Addis' genuine carving tools and Northampton emery wheels, and also make a specialty of vefsel and boat tackle, can- vas, oakum and ship supplies. The members of the firm are Messrs. James Aikenhead, and Alexander T. Crombie, both long residents in Toronto, the former gentleman being actively connected with the business for thirty-six years, and the latter twenty- six years. Both gentlemen are men of sterling worth and commercial mtegrity, and are honored and re- spected in the community. Exealsier Straw Works, 57 (^ueen Street East. — The making of ladies' and children's stra.w hats is quite a business, and many women and girls are employed in it. The Excelsior Straw Works of 57 (^ueen Street East, occupy 5 floors 40x100 feet in dimensions, and there skilled employees of both sexes are employed in making ladies' and children's and all grades of straw hats, also in cleaning, dying and alter- ing ladies' straw and felt hats. A good deal of business is done by this Company in the course of a year. The Excelsior Straw Works has been established five years. Mr. Brasier came from England 14 years ago, and has succeeded in establishing an important industry in the city, and giving employment to many. Mr. K. W. Vincent, one of the partners who takes charge of the financial department, is a native Cana- dian, and is energetic and enterprising. Lengbotteitl'S Livery and Boarding .Stables, 16 Adelaide Street West. — \\x. Longbottom has now been established eight years in business in Toronto, and is the proprietor of ona of the best known and most popular livery and boarding stables in the (jueen City. His premises, opposite the Grand Opera House, are pleasant and commodious, about 60x100 feet in dimensions, and fitted up with everything in modern conveniences for the accommodation of horses. Mr. Longbottom has eight good livery horses and comfortable conveyances for the same. Horses are also boarded by day, week or month, and properly cared for by three attendants. He is English by birth, but has been 38 years in To- ronto. He was previously in the contracting busi- ness, but bought out 'Mr. Howard in 1878. Narry A. Oelllns, Importer of and Dealer in General House Furnishings, Manufacturer of Tin, .Sheet-iron and Copper-ware, 90 Vonge Street. — Among the important business houses in the city must be mentioned the general house furnishing establishment of Mr. Harry A. Collins, which is situated at No. 90 Vonge Street, and occui)ies three Moors, each 25x100 feet. Mr. Collins has been established in business five years and has met with remarkable success. Besides keeping a very exten- sive and varied stock of house furnishing goods, such as liimps, stoves, ranges, furnaces, willow ware, enamellecl ware, tin, iron and brass waie, b.-'.by car- riages, etc., he has fourteen men constantly employed in the manufacture of tin, copper and galvanized iron ware, lie makes a sjiecialty of steam tables for hotels, and he has placed in more of these than any other three firms in the city. .Mr. Collins was born in Thurles, Ireland, but has resided in this coiiniry twenty-live years. Although but a comparatively short time in business, he enjoys a very large patron- age, which is con.^tantly increasing. As he imports his goods direct, he is enabled to sell at the lowest prices, a fact which seems to be understood by the general public. •• Meadows, Practical I'lumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, 31 (Jueen Street West. — Mr. S. .Mea- dows, whose name appears in the heading above, is an experienced practical i)lumber, steam and gas fit- ter, a profession to which he has devoted his zeal and energy for more than a score of years. He has on hand in his large and spacious store all the latest sanitary impiovements. He makes a specialty of remodelling and rearranging old plumbing work. He attends personally to all work entrusted to his care. Mr. Meadows first established himself at Nos. 21 and 23 Queen Street West, in 1867, but owing to increase of trade .he was compelled to remove to larger pre- mises. No. 31 Queen .Street West, opposite James .Street, which he now occupies He is a native of Birmingham, England, and came to this country in 1852, and since that time has remained in our midst. He is an expert at his difficult profession; his experi- ence as a plumber has given him a wide-spread repu- tation .IS a thorough, reliable and skilful workman. He is also the patentee of the Corrugated Concave .Silver- plated Reflector, which has also added to his wide-spread reputation, .-is all the large buildings in Toronto are lighted by his reflector, including the Parliament buildings and the new county Orange hall, Toronto. ilaa. 8 Hendaraon Ir Co., Importers, Wall Papers, Decorations, etc., Arcade Building. — The above house, which was formerly of Henderson, Mullen & Co., of 136 Vonge Street, is now fully estab- lished in business at the above adrlress. The firm is generally regarded as a leading and prominent one in Its line of bu.siness, and is well known throughout the Province. They deal largely in all descriptions of wall paper, and sell wholesale and retail, their trade, how- ever, being principally confined to the latter. The premises occupied are centrally located and attrac- tive, and handsomely fitted up. Three hands are con- stantly employed filling orders and attending cus- tomers. Mr. Jas. S. Henderson is a young man of energy and enterprise, and much esteemed both in business and social circles. He is a Canadian by birth and a native of this city. TORONTO. 139 JdhnO« W«St If Oe.t Sole Proprietor of West's Family Medicines, 156 ijueeii Street Kast. The hou.se of John C. West iV Co., proprietors and manu- facturers of West's Kaniily Medicines. tai«es its name from the parent hiuse in Chicago, which was estal>- lished in 1855. The Can.Klian liusiness, which is an entirely independent concern, was founded in this city five years ago, and tirst locateil on King Street, from whence, owing to its rapid development, it was recently removed to its present commodious (|uarters, at 156 (Jueen .Street Fast. The proprietor and man- ager of the Imsiness is Mr. James K. 1 )ick('r, who also first introduced the medicines throuijhout Australia and India, in which countries he still holds large in- terests in the manufacture and sale. The premises occupied are neat and commodious, comprising the offices, ware-rooms and factory, all of which are fitted up and e(|uipped with a view to carrying on the busi- ness with eflicicncy and dispatch. A large siafT of work-people are employed, and three travellers carry samples of the productions to all parts of the Domin- ion. Principal among the " Family .Medicines " pre- pared are "Dr. L. C West's Nerve and Brain Treat- ment," " West's ("ough Syrup," and " West's Liver Pills." whose names have become household words all over this continent, and for the merit of which thousands of testimonials annually give evidence. The hest test of the genuine merit of these medicines is, however, found in their large and steadily growing popularity, which creates for them a demand extend- ing all over America, India, Austialia and many parts of Europe. Mr. Dicker, though f|uite a young man, ; has had a long and practical experience in his line of ' business, both in the Chicago house and as a traveller abroad, and the success of the Canadian business is largely due to his energy and ability. Frank 8t«V«ll«ent House Furnishing I{ar>!- ware, Crockery and Lamp (loods, 229 tjueen Street Fast. — The subject of the present sitetch, .Mr. Frank Stevenson, came here frtmi (llasgow, where he had been in the employ of .Messrs. Todd iv McCiregor for more than 20 years. When the great lock-oul of iS(,6 occurred on the Clyde, he ueen .Street East, where he carries in stock and deals in all kinds of house- furnishmg hardware, crockery anil lamp goods. .Mr. Stevenson gives his personal attention to this branch of his business, and the blacksmith shop, of which he is still proprietor, he leaves in charge of his two sons. While tenderly auached to the land of his forefathers, he candidly admits that this is, after all, the country for a poor nan, any Kxpresi carefully attended to. — A weil-kmiwn steam dyeing; and cleaning entablish- meiit in Toronto is thai of A. James, whose ottice ami works arc located at 135 kich'iiond Street West. The scouring of this estaltlishnicnt is done by steam and chemical process, with special machinery. In the cleaning of gentlemen's and ladies' suits, a pro- cess is .-implied, guaranteed to prevent any change in color or shape, and to return tiie articles m the same condition as when they left their original manufac- turer, Kid gloves, feathers and laces are also cleaned and dyed in ihe most perfect manner. The premises occupied are spacious, where live assistants are em- ployed. Mr. James is of French extraction, and was born in the Island of Guernsey. lie has been c-.tal)lished in business since 1875, and has met with pronounced success. Mr. James also cleans and dyes dumasks, window curtains, tablecloths, piano covers, nndevery description of household tixings, etc. Narton ti Hustwitt, Wholesale Jobbers in Teas and General (Groceries, Commission Merchants, ' etc., 29 Church Street. Telephone No. 806. — Among the many enterprises necessary to complete the com- mercial resources of a city, none is of^ more import- ance I hail that of the wholesaU- jjrocir; as being one of the main factors in the furnishing of our food sup- plies. The above firm acquired by purchase the business which was originally started in 1875 by Messrs. W. J. Ramsay ci Co. and carried on by them till 1885, when Messrs. Mills i:v: Co. l)ought the busi- ness. (Jn the 1st of June, 1886, Messrs. Harton & Hustwitt took full control. These young men are especially adapted for the trade, both having had experience and a thorough knowledge of the business; being both young and energetic, they, with careful- ness, should be the coming men. Mr. Harton is a native of Eglington, County of York, where he was born in 1852, having served for the last 10 years as Book-keeper and General Manager with W. J. Ramsay & Co., and Mr. Hustwitt comes from the '"ounty of Kent, England, where he received a sound bu.siness education, and came to Canada in 1870 and located in Toronto, where he at once became the Pioneer Traveller, and the most successful as such in the city. Edward* 9t Wabstar Architects, Room "J," Viinge .St. Arcade. — Mr. Edwards is a young man of great promise and ability, who has been established in business in Toronto about six months, having re- turned here from the North-West, where he was in active pursuit of his profession for five years in Win- nipeg and Port Arthur. He has spacious offices on the Victoria Street end of the Arcade.and already has secured a fair share of public patronage. His work has always been regarded by those for whom he has executed plans and specifications to be in every par- ticular tirst class. Mr. Edwards is a native of r..rrie, Ont., and is much respected by all who know him. Mr. Webster is a native of England, where he re- ceived his training in one of the best offices. He has been in this country only a short time, but has already made many friends. Taylor Ik Wllaen, Cigar Manufacturers, 109 Bay Street. — Among the many large manufacturing concerns which of late years have assumed immense proportions in the sale and production of goods, Ihe cigar-making establishment of Taylor & Wilson takes a leading place in the city nf Toronto, This firm has now ha I a successful business career of 20 years, during which time the growth of their pro ■• OH«St« Family Butcher, 3^^ riueen Street West.— Among the various estalilisliinents for sup- plying the daily necessities of the public, none are of such fundamental iinport.inre as that of tht butcher. To the harii working mechanic, and the weary lirain- toiler, the succulent steak and juicy sirloin of well fed meat, ofl'er the most ready and agreeable means of recuperation. .Snioiig those who have become popular as a retail dealer, may be nientioiied Mr. E. B. tiuesi, whose brii;ht, clear and tastefully arranged store, is located at jS.J (Jueen St. We^l. This siore has been established for a number of years, and the large business it has always enjoyed is proof ol (he proprietor's .iliility to please the public. The finest cuts of beef, veal, mutton, landi. pork, etc., will always be found liere, all selected to meet the de- mands of a first-class custom, and are received fresh every day. Mr. Guest is a native of England, and is a typical business man, full of energy and enter prise, hi;: prices are reasonable, the meats are good, and every courtesy is shown to the customer. Bertram Ii OOit Hardware and Iron Merihant.i, 114 \'(jnge Street. — The mechanical arts are ev-rcis- ing a powerful influence upon the industries of the country. The iroti ore, dug from the bowels of the earth, is fashioned into many useful and now abso- lutely necessary articles. The age of stone and copper has passed away and been replaced by this essentially iron age. The business, therefore, of the hardware and iron tnerchant is an important one, and forms no inconsiderable portion of the wealth of the country. Among the many important hardware houses in To- ronto, it is necessary to classify that of Bertram & Co., who occupy four floors of 25x200 feet each, at 1 14 Vonge Street. The several members of the firm have been engaged n the hardware trade for over 20 years in I'eterboroi ^h and Lindsay, previous to their establishing business in Toiontoin 1881. They keep a large stock of hei vy and shelf hardware, including boiler plate and boiler lubes, and do business largely in the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The mem- bers of the firm, John, George and Alexander, are natives of Scotland, having been born in F'ast Lothian. The former gentleman has been 27 years in this country, the second 20, the last mentioned 17 years. Mr. John Bertram was member for West Peterborough from 1874 to 1878. The house is a representative one, and adds greatly to the commercial importance of the Queen City. It is to such firms as Bertram iS: Co. that the reputation of Canada, as a solid financial -community owes its origin and i^iain- tenance. Standard Publlahinc Company, Limited, 117 Yonge Street. — The above Company has been established since 1882, and are the publishers of the Canatiian Baptist, a journal known throughout the length and breadth of Canada and the United States wherever the Baptist denomination is found The premises occupied are large and commodiois. An extensive selection of books, magazines, and religious literature is kept constantly in stock. The Stan- dard Publishing Company is a .Stock Company, the principal gentlemen interested being residents of this city. Hon. Mr. McMaster is President ; Thos. Lailey, Esq., Treasurer ; Rev. G. Richardson, Manager of the Book Room Department ; G. R. Roberts, Manager of the Canadian Aa/i/ist Depuvtmeni; Rev. E, Dadson, B.A., Editor Cauadian Baptist. rpr 142 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. II A f 1 r Ocorc* F. Oakl«y« Practical Gun Maker, No. 7 Adelaide Street East. — There has been a wonder- ful development in weapons of warfare since the days when our forefathers used the flint-locks, and the powder so often flashed in the pan, to the present, when the monster guns of modern men-of-war require almost a ton of powder to propel a single projectile. Happily, all guns arc not used in warfare, but many by the sportsman, who procures game for our tables. The manufacturer of guns must be an expert, or his weapons are worse than useless. In this city there is a gentleman, Mr. G. F. Oakley, who has no com- petitor in his line for practical knowledge of gun making in all its branches. His workshop is located at No. 7 Adelaide Street East, where he has been established for the past five years. He was born in England, and came to Toronto at an early age, where he served his apprenticeship with the celebrated gun- maker, W. P. Alarston, with whom he continued for 19 years, and has been a gun maker altog ther 27 years. There is no detail of the work that he does not understand. He makes a specialty of choke- boring and browning, also stocking, and has special improved apparatus for stock-bending, in which he is an expert, and he guarantees that all work performed shall be done without either breaking or cracking the material in the operation. As might be expected, Mr. Oakley is an enthusiastic sportsman, lieing an oarsman and for many years the Secretary of the Bay- side Rowing Club, of which he is still an active member. He is also member of the Toronto Gun Club, in both of which he is held in high esteem. T. Has'd^t Boots and Shoes, 531 and 533 Queen Street West.^This old and reliable shoe house was first established by Mr. IJlair in 1872. In 1876, the goodwill of the business was purchased by the pre- sent proprietor, Mr. T. Hardy, who, by his business ability and satisfactory quality of his goods, increased his business to such an extent, that larger and more commodious premises had to be obtained. The store now occupied by Mr. Hardy is elegantly fitted, and conveniently arranged for the conducting of his large and increasing business. Mr. Hardy employs from 7 to !o competent workmen, and customers will find that for superiority of tinish, durability of material, combined with elegance of style, the goods turned out by this house are well nigh perfect. Mr. Hardy is specially appointed agent for Messrs. J. & T. Bell's, of Montreal, tine Boots and Shoes, which for quality and finish cannot be excelled. Mr. Hardy is a native of England, .ind came to Canada in 1871, and has by his ripe experience and affable manner built up a business which stands without a rival in this portion of the City. Jamas R> Blaek, Manufacturer of Fine Car- riages, Cutters and Sleighs, 19, 21 and 23 Alice Street. Repairing a specialty. All work warranted. — No line of manufacture in the last quarter of a cen- tury shows such marked advancement as carriage building. Among the manufacturers of this class of work in Toronto who have gained a prominence based on the merits of their productions, none stand higher than Mr. James R. Black, Nos. 21 and 23 Alice Street. The business was founded originally at 27 Adelaide Street in 1880, where it was carried on for three years, when increased business forced the removal to the present larger premises. Since Mr. Black's start he has obtained a liberal and per- manent patronage, owing to the unsurpassed quality and character of his various manufactures, using nothing but the best materials carefully selected and well seasoned, employing only the most skilled and experienced workmen, and enjoying unexcelled facilities. Mr. Black turns out fine carriages, open and top buggies, pha;tons, road waggons and sleighs, made in the latest improved styles, and in the high- est quality of workmanship, which the skill of the present day can produce. In the factory all the operations of wood and iron working, trimming, and painting, are carried on under the personal supervision of the proprietor, who uses nothing but English stock in painting. Repairing is promptly attended to at reasonable rates, and every- thing connected with this business is efficiently exe- cuted. Mr. Black is a native of Carleton Place, Ont., where he was born in 1845, and is greatly re- spected by the community for his ability and strict in- tegrity, and those interested may enter into business relations with this house with the full assurance of receiving not only just and liberal treatment, but in addition manifest advantages in terms and prices. OaOa McLaan, Importer of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, No. 234 Yonge .Street. — Among the many establishments of this kind which have met rapid and notable success, none are more deserving of attention than that of Mr. Geo. McLean. This business was founded by its present proprietor, in 1882, and since that time has rapidly gained in pub- lic favor. The premises occupied are 25x75 feet in dimensions and two large flats, and employment is given to eight able assistants. Mr. McLean has probably one of the largest and best selected stocks of staple and fancy dry goods to be found in this city. He has unrivalled facilities for supplying his numer- ous patrons, being a direct cash importer. Mr. Mc- Lean especially prides himself on the fine line of dress goods always in stock, in which he claims not to be surpassed. Mr. McLean is a native of Canada, and was born in Elgin County in 1849. His success has been unaided and is the result of close adherence to those old and standard principles of business — honor — which are sure to be crowned with success. J. N. O'Nail, Sanitary Plumber, 167 Queen Street West. — This well known and reliable business house was established in Toronto in 1879, by Messrs. J. N. O'Neil and Domell. In 1880, the whole of the business interest was vested in Mr. J. N. O'Neil, who by his practical business knowledge and ability soon made it one of the first class houses in the plumbing, heating and ventilating busi- ness in Toronto. He makes a specialty of sanitary plumbing, while he pays his personal attention to the examination of old plumbing work, with a view to its proper sanitary arrangement. A competent staff of experienced and skilled mechanics is always in readiness to .attend promptly to all orders made, thus enabling him to guarantee satisfaction. Mr. O'Neil is a Canadian by birth and is deservedly esteemed by all classes of the community. He is manufacturer and patentee of the celebrated O'Neil Improved Sanitary Water Closet, which is daily grow- into popularity, and the satisfaction it has given is proved by the number of testimonials from our most wealthy and prominent citizens. '). TORONTO. ^48 0«0. OH««t, Practical Plumber, Steam and Hot Water Fitter, SQantUji Queen Street East. — One among the old esta))lished and well known plumbers and gas-litters in this city is Mr. George Guest, who has been established in this city for the past 14 years, and has a practical knowledge ol the business in every branch. He is located at 59 and 61 Queen Street East, in this city. He furnishes estimates for steam and hot water fittings, and deals extensively in steam and gas fixtures, and hydraulic machinery. He employs 16 practical plumbers and gas fitters, who are kept inconstant employment, and execute good work. There are two fronts to the building, one of which is used as a salesroom, the orher as a workshop. Mr. Guest makes a specialty of marine work, having had a large experience in this line. satisfaction. They make a specialty of commercial work, but al.so do color printing, and give employ- ment to 20 skilled workmen. Mr. Alexander is a Scotchman and Mr. Cable a Torontonian. Both gentlemen are practical lithographers, and give special supervision to all business entrusted to their care. Alexander fi Cable, Lithographers and En- gravers, Mail Building — Lithography and engraving have advanced as a fine art within the past 20 years. .Some of the l)est artists in the country devote their . talents in drawing designs for mercantile purposes, | and to-day the show cards of some business houses are beautiful enough for framing. Among the best | in this line in this city is the tirm of Alexander (X: Cable, whose establishment is located in the Mail building, on Bay Street. This well-known house was established six years ago, but their facilities for producing artistic work have greatly increased in that time. They emjiloy only the best of engravers and workmen, so that their work gives the highest K4war4 Lawraon, Importer of Choice Teas and General Groceries and Manufacturer of every descrip- tion of Pure Confectionery, Wholesale and Retail. — The " Sign of the Queen," which greets the eye at No. 93 King Street East, is the index to the estab- lishment of one of Toronto's oldest and most respected merchants. The business was founded by Mr. Ed- ward Lawson 43 years ago, at the corner of Yonge and Temperance Streets, who removed it to its pre- sent location in i860. The commodious premises occupied comprise four flats, each having dimensions of 30x100 fee', and are furnished throughout with every recjuisite for the extensive business transacted The stock consists of choice teas and coffees and fine groceries, of which Mr. Lawson is the direct im- porter ; also a complete assortment of fine confec- tionery, which he manufactures on the premises. The business is carried on both wholesale and retail, and extends throughout the city and Province of On- tario. He is a native of Cumberland, England, and came to Canada 57 years ago. Mr. Lawson has held the office of Flour Inspector for the city for several years, and is a prominent member of the society of old residents, known as the York Pioneers. Benyon Broa., Proprietors Toronto Knitting i and Hosiery Co., Manufacturers of .Seamless Knitted j Woollen and Cotton Goods, Hosiery, etc., 56, I 58, 60, 62 and 64 IV-arl Street. — Among the ! new houses started in this city, and which by push, ' energy and thorough knowledge of the business have l)uilt up a reputation and trade that surpasses many houses of much older standing, is that of Messrs. Benyon Bros., who are engaged in the manufac- turing of hosiery and seamless knitted woollens and cotton goods. The above firm was started on 28th November, 1885, by Messrs. L. T. and J. F. Benyon, two young American gentlemen of the ages of 22 and 24 respectively, who, after studying the business in their native country came to Toronto in 1S85 and opened this establirhment. From the inception of this house the demand for their goods has been so great that they have in some instances been unable tu fill orders, altiiough they give constant employment to a large number in their factory. The factory is large and commodious, and in every respect fitted up for the carrying on of a large business like this. The machinery is of the latest, including the well-known machines called World Star ami those made by Francz and Pope, which bring the daily output up to 150 dozen. The firm have just entered into the manufacturing of silk hosiery, and have now large orders on hand to fill. They import wools direct from Scotland and other foreign markets, and, unlike other manufac- turers, dye their goods after they are made, by which process it is claimed they get a better finished, more durable and stylish article. 144 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. W. Hewardt Family Butcher, 190 (^ueen Street East. — The establishment of Mr. \V. Howard has a wide-spread and deservedly high reputation, on account of the superior quality of the meats and vege- tables which he provides for his numerous patrons throughout the city. This business was started by him two years ago, and from that time, under his judicious guidance, has steadily grown and devel- oped. He has a most desirable location at No. 190 Queen Street East. He deals in salt and fresh meats and vegetables of every description, and keeps two horses and waggons constantly going in delivering his goods to all parts of the city. Although (luite a young man, Mr. Howard has had a long and practical esperience in his line of business, lie is a native of Devonshire, England, and came to this country upwards of fifteen years ago and shortly afterwards arrived in this city. Animated by an Englishman's ardor and love for adventure, he joined the North- West Mounted Police and went to the North-VVest Territories, in which hazardous and responsible ser- vice he continued for five years, discharging the duties of his position with marked ability. On the expiration of his term he returned to this city, and two years ago established his present prosperous and steadily increasing business. e. M. H«nd«rsen Ir Co., Auction Rooms, 185 Yonge Street, North of Queen Street. — These success- ful and popular auction rooms were established by Mr. Andrew Henderson, father of Mr. C. M. Henderson, the present proprietor, in 1850, under contract for the Imperial Government, and since then has grown to such an extent that the firm finds it necessary, for the transaction of its large business, to occupy three large flats of 18x120 feet in dimensions, and gives constant employment to several hands. Mr. C. M. Henderson had the honor of being complimented by Col. Jenyns, C.B., 13th Hussars, and officers, on the occasion of his successfully conducting for the Imperial Government, on the departure of the troops (or England, the largest auction sale ever held in Canada, where he addressed over seven thousand people, and disposed of over three hundred thousand dollars worth of goods. Mr. Henderson was born in Toronto in the year 1847, of .Scotch parents, who came to Canada in 1837, and have since resided in Toronto. A. Berrowman, Staffordshire House (Regis- tered), 289 Yonge Street, Importer of China, Crock- ery, Majolica, Glassware and Fancy Goods. -This is one of the oldest established china and crockery stores on Yonge Street, being over a quarter of a century since it was first opened, Mr. A. Borrowman, who is 'la native of Mauchline, Scotland, was born in that town in 1842. He came to Canada 32 years ago, and resided in Pickering five years, from whence he removed to Whitby, where he stopped for 13 years, and after locating himself in St. Catharines for nine years he came to this city to establish himself. The business under its present proprietor, Mr. Borrowman, has rapidly increased in public favor, as is seen by the large amount of goods sold daily. Nothing but the finest of China, crockery, majolica, glassware and ancy goods are kept in stock, and on examination it will be found that the stock kept is one of the best and largest assorted in the city, and the prices arc the lowest that is possible to be found, quality taken into consideration. C. Aa Soaddlngt Wood and General Engraver, Manufacturer of Seal Presses, Stencil, Steel, Rubber and Brass Stamps, etc., 85 Bay Street. — Perhaps there is no other industrial art which in Canada reaches so great a state of perfection as wood and general engraving, and in the city of Toronto the name of Scadding is certainly one of the oldest and best known in the trade. The business was founded over twenty years ago, by the father of the present pro- prietor, Mr. C. A. Scadding, the old gentleman having died some three years ago, leaving behind him an extensive and lucrative trade. Mr. Scadding occupies premises, 20x90 feet in dimensions, on the grour4d floor, 85 Bay Street, and does general engrav- ing, as well as manufacturing seal presses, stencils, stamps, metallic letters, etc., keeping in steady em- ployment three skilled workmen, and personally superintending the execution of all orders. He is a young and thoroughly competent tradesman, of much enterprise and energy, a native of Toronto, and in the enjoyment of a prosperous and increasing business. Robinson Bros., Practical House and Sign Painters, Dealers in Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Japans, 443 <^ueen Street West. — Among the leading houses in the western portion of the city in the line of house- decorating and paper-hanging, is that of Messrs. Robinson Bros. , located at 443 Queen Street West. This business was established in 1879, and has had a most satisfactory increase of business, which extends to all sections of the city, and includes some of the most wealthy and prominent families amongst its patrons. The premises occupied are finely located and arranged for conducting the business, and are about 25x50 feet in dimensions. Steady employment is given to three competent hands. All the newest and latest designs in hangings are kept in stock, and other goods per- taining to the busines are constantly kept on hand, and contracting for the decorating of houses is done in all cases, the contract being faithfully carried out and satisfaction guaranteed. A full line of artists' materials is also carried. Messrs. Robinson Bros. are natives of Ireland, and came to Canada in 1S74. They are live business men and progressive citizens. N. 9i F. Whitolaw, Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, i66|^ Queen .Street East. — Among those who make a business of plumbing and gas and steam- fitting in Toronto, the firm of N. & V. Whitelaw occupies an important place, and although but recently before the public have already laid the foun- dation of a good and steadily increasing business. They occupy commodious and well appointed pre- mises at the corner of (^ueen and Sherbourne Streets, where they carry in stock everything in the line of plumbers' and gas and steanifitters' requisites. The firm gives employment to five workmen, and are pre- pared to execute all orders for public buildingSi fac- tories, private residences, etc. Both gentlemen are natives of Cobourg, Ont., where they have had extensive experience in their line of business. Being desirous of obtaining larger scope and facilities for the prosecution of their trade, they removed to this city and established their present business, which has proved an entire success. Mr. Frank has also had an experience of more than five years in his line of busii.ess in some of the leading establishments in Chicago, and his brother, Mr. N. Whitelaw, is thoroughly acquainted with every detail of the busi- ness, which is only first-class in every particular, and on the most scientific sanitary principles. TORONTO. 145 J. Loxlen Rawbona, Artist ; Studio, 95 King Street East. — Mr. J. Loxton Kawbone, the subject of this sketch, was born in Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, in 1855, and removed to England with his parents when six years old, and again to Canada in 1871. After completing his education, he entered the employ of his father as a gunmaker, which busi- ness he thoroughly acquired, and under which influ- ence his inventive faculties received full scope. He always evinced a strong love of art and a desire to become an artist, and employed his spare moments, between times during business hours, in drawing and painting, executing in odd times, when subject to con- tinual interruption, a number of original water-color paintings of wild game, etc., which were very favor- ably criticised by artists. At the urgent request of friends, he became an exhibitor at the annual Pro- vincial Exhibitions, open to all, and exhibited for seven or eight years, during which time his work secured annually the first prizes in their class, in addi- tion to several special prizes in paiticular competitions. Mr. Rawbone is well known as the author ot a num- ber of excellent inventions, but his last and greatest is undoubtedly his patent artists' keyless stretcher — a stretcher which is rapidly superseding the old- fashioned one, and which will at no distant time en- tirely take the place of the kind now in use. Its principal features are entire absence of wedges or keys ; the substitution of a plain mitre joint in place of the mortice and tenon ; the canting of the inner edge o< the frame when covered with the canvas, by which means it becomes unnecessary to champer or bevel the ^ ■ ier side of frames to prevent its coming into contact with the canvas. Although possessing such great advantages, its simplicity is such that any- one can make up a stretcher for themselves in a few moments. Mr. Rawbone has patented it in the principal countries of the world. Mr. Rawbone in- tends going abroad next year, to prosecute his studies in art. He is also Secretary of the Queen City Life- Saving Association, an association formed for the purpose of establishmg a life-saving station and boat with crew, for duty on the Bay, and for the purpose of giving instructions how to act upon those appar- ently drowned S. Ca Hall, Book-binding, 26 Adelaide Street East. The art of book-binding found its highest conception in the past century in France and Italy, and royalty felt it an honor to patronize those book- binders who distinguished themselves by their skill. Many beautiful specimens are extant, and are cherished by connoisseurs, who pay fabulous prices for some choice specimen of handiwork. In the present day, except in rare cases, the demand for such expensive binding is not great, but the talent to execute it seems to be not wanting. The book-bind- ing establishment of .S. E. Hall, 26 Adelaide Street East, is very extensive, and considerable work is done therein. The principal work done is on law books, though general work is executed beside.-. About 2,500 volumes are bound per month, and of these nearly. 20,000 a year are bound for Messrs. Carswell & Co., law book dealers, with whom Mr. Hall is associated. The premises are 30x50, two floors, in which twenty hands are employed constantly in the folding, sewing, forwarding and finishing depart- ments. The business has been established twelve ^ears. Mr. Hall is a native of England, and has been in this country sixteen years. He i.s a prac- tical book-binder, and gives thorough supervis'on to the work. That he is honored in the community in which he resides, Parkdale, is evident from the fact that he is a school trustee and director in the Mechanics' Institute, of which institution he is one of the founders. He is also P.C.P. of the K. of P., and Secretary and Treasurer of the Endowment Rank for Ontario. Joaapll Doiialf Law and Commercial Stationer, Lithographic Printer, etc., 58 Adelaide Street East. — The profession of the law gives a living to very many of those who practise it. It is necessary for the general public to resort to it at times, and the practice of late years of printing certain legal blanks, the great quantity which are used, and the tacit consent to have the phraseology of certain kinds alike, has led to a business in furnishing them for sale at nominal prices compared to what would be charged should they be printed specially. Mr. Joseph Doust, of 58 Adelaide Street East, makes a specialty of printing, lithographing and keeping in stock all legal forms, dockets, ledgers, cash books, etc. , in general use. Here deeds, mortgages, chattel mort- gages, assignments, leases, bills of sale, and all forms appertaining to conveyancing, as well as High Court of Justice forms. County Court forms and Divisional Court forms. Maritime Court forms, Surrogate Court forms and Creditors' Relief Act forms may be found, as well as the different deed engrossing and copying papers and legal foolscaps. Besides this, he is a printer and lithographer, and furnishes taste- ful and perfect work in the commercial line. His premises are 15x100 feet in dimensions. Mr. Joseph Doust is an Englishman, and has been in this country since 1870. The business of which he has now control has been in existence since 1855. R. Ha Laar, Sanitary Plumber, noted Gas Fix- ture Emporium, Nos. 15 and 17 Richmond Street West. — One of the most successful business houses in Toronto in any line of trade is that of R. H. Lear, sanitary plumber and gas fixture emporium, at Nos. 15 and 17 Richmond Street West. Mr. Lear is a native of England, and was engaged in business for eight and a half years in Australia, at that time the Mecca for fortune hunters. He succeeded beyond his most sanguine anticipations, and then returned to England. Engaging in business there for a while, he finally decided to come to Canada, and located in Toronto. Mr. Lear is a practical plumber by trade, and worked many years at it. He started in business in Toronto on Victoria .Street in 1873, removing to Bay Street in 1874, and then to 171 Yonge Street in 1877. In 1884 he purchased the old Catholic Apos- tolic church on Richmond Street, and utilizing a por- tion of it, erected the present handsome brick block of two storie"), which is 50x80 feet in dimensions, where he employs during the entire year 10 hands. Mr. Lear has a beautifully appointed establishment, where an elegant assortment of gas fixtures and globes are constantly kept in stock ; this is his specialty, for although a sanitary plumber, he has to refuse more plumbing work than he accepts, the demands upon him being so great. Being in delicate health last year, he visited his native land for four months ; but selling for cash mostly, and his business being in such a systematized condition, he was enabled to leave it in competent hands without detriment. Mr. Lear has had a remarkably successful business career. 146 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ;j Ij r 11 M Psnns* Ik l*«*r. Flour, Grain and Comntission Merchants, 43^^ Wellington Street East.— With the opening up of the great North-West, and the yearly increasing acreage brought under cultivation, it was reasonable to suppose that the already big trade done in cereals in Tbronto would rapidly increase and bring fresh enterprise in that line to the city ; amongst the new comers in the flour and grain busi- ness being Messrs. Pennee & Peer. Both these gentle- men are natives of the soil, Mr. Pennee being for many years a member t^ the old established firm of Lennon, Pennee & Co., of Quebec, doing a large grain busi- ness in the Eastern Provinces ; Mr. Peer was for some years with Mr. David Plews, the well-known miller of Brantford. The practical experience of both mem- bers of the firm enables them to bring into their busi- ness a full knowledge of its various departments ; being conversant with every branch of the flour, feed and grain business, though a young firm in the city, they may hope to build up a trade that will compare favorably with older houses. The specialty of the firm is flour, in which they do a geneial business throughout the Dominion. Messrs. Pennee & Peer are both members of the Board of Trade. Wt Mos«S« Inventor and Patentee, 301 Yonge Street. — A review of the various business pursuits of the city of Toronto, which shall mark the industries of the times, cannot fail to merit and receive universaj i i ! attention and approval. Among the industries of the city there are few whose relations and enterprises are of more importance than that of house furnishing hardware; in that line we find the house of Mr. Frank Moses occupying a deservedly prominent position. Starting in 1869 in a small way, the proprietor of this establishment has by energy, by business ability and practical experience, slowly but surely extended his trade. The premise, occupied as sale- rooms, at 301 Yonge Street, are twenty feet in front- age with eighty-five feet in depth, with a large store- room in rear, where may be found almo.'-t everything imaginable in the way of general hardware. The feature of the establishment is, however, the " Com- bination Stove," of which Mr. Moses is inventor and patentee. The number of various kinds of stoves put on the Canadian market is almost legion, yet amongst all the "Combination" is pre-eminently deserving of a foremost place ; it can be used for wood or coal as. desired, and embodies the principle of a self-feeder, having a round cast-iron fire-pot, by means of which a steady fire can be kept going continuously during the night with absolute certainty, the consumption of coal being less than in the ordinary cook-stoves and ranges; in fact, they may be regarded as the stove of the future. Mr. Moses, who is respected and honored as an upright merchant of the city, was born in the Isle of Wight, coming to this country when but a few months old. O. W. Priest, Teas and Coffees, etc. , 503^ Queen .Street West, city. — One of the leading houses in this, line in Toronto is that of Mr. G. W. Priest, who is located at 503^ Queen Street West, where he has. been established since 1885, and since its inceptiorv has largely increased. Mr. Priest is a large cash buyer, and in his knowledge and judgment of teas and coffees has few superiors. Mr. Priest buys in such large quantities that he can sell for the very lowest market prices. The highest grade of teas and coffees only are kept. He employs from one to three agents, and has one delivery waggon constantly- employed. Mr. Priest is a native of England, and came to Canada in 1845 ; and it is his constant endeavor to merit, by the strictest principles of com- mercial integrity, a continuance of the support he has already enjoyed. Paull & Son, Architects, Trust & Loan Com- pany's Buildings. — Messrs. Paull & Son (A. E. Paull and Herbert G. Paull), architects, occupy commodious and pleasant offices in the Trust & Loan Company's Buildings, Toronto Street. Mr. A. E. Paul! founded the business at Toronto 17 years ago, his son, Mr. Herbert G. Paull, being admitted to partnership in 1877, when the present title of Paull & Son was adopted. Both gentlemen are English by birth, and they have had on hand the carrying out of the plans and specifications of many of our public and private structures in the city and the Province. W. Wharin & Co., Dealer in Watches, Clocks and Jewellry, 47 King Street West.— Among the business houses of Toronto located on King Street West, which are prominent in their line, is that of VV. Wharin & Co., dealers in watches, clocks and jewel- lery, who are located at 47 King Street West. The business was established in 1852, and has grown in importance since its inception. The premises occu- pied are 13x80 feet in dimensions. Messrs. Wharin & Co. keep a full line of American watches in gold, silver and filled cases, which are considered the most durable and reliable in the market. Mr. Wharin, the proprietor, is a native of England, and has resided in Canada for the past 57 years. He is a gentleman who, both in his commercial relations and private lifej^ has won the esteem of all. ■tan TORONTO. 147 F. A. Olarryt Importer and Dealer in Wool, Cotton, etc., also Manulacturer of Fine Flan- nels and Blankets and F'ine Hosiery Yarn, 13 Church Street.— The business establishment above- <£ Liu. is l)uiMing at Markham. He is also proprietor of the knitting factory at 41 Wellington Street East. He is a large employer of help, supporting many families by industry, and tending to promote the prosperity of the country. He is also an influential member of the Board of Trade, and a highly esteemed citizen. mentioned has been in existence for the past two years in Toronto. Mr. Clarry is sole apent for the Hamilton Cotton Company's cotton warps, which are used in woollen mills. He is also a wool and cotton dealer and importer, and sells those staples to the woollen mills throughout the Dominion. Mr. Clarry purchases his stock through his special broker in London, England, at the Intercolonial wool and cotton sales, which represents the world's products in these staples. The premises occupied are 25x100 feet in dimensions and two st"ries in height, and two extra stories of equal dimensions will be added this fall. At present Mr. Clarry requires space in two warehouses for the storage of his goods. Besides the business he conducts in this city he is the owner of a two-set woollen mill in Orangeville, a four-set mill at Columbus, and another woollen mill which he Soott Ir OrOSSt Builders and Manufacturers, 34 and 36 Hayter .Street. — Among the most energetic business men of Toronto who are taking a leading position in the ranks of our commercial industries, the enterprising proprietors of the Ontario Planing .Mills are deserving of special notice. The rapid and con- tinuous growth of the city has opened up an exten- sive field for mechanical industry, where energy, talent and integrity are combined; and strongly endowed with these qualities. Messrs .Scott iV Cross may reason- ably hop'; for a atisfactory and successful career. Though this is but ti,e sixth year of the administration of the present partners, the Ontario Planing Mills is an old established business, dating its inception bark to some 20 years, being founded by Mr. Rogers in the .same location as it now stands, who afterwards sold out to .Mr. St. Croix, who in turn made way for the present proprietors. The premises occupied by the tirm are large and convenient, 50x225 feet in dimen- sions, with a frontage on both Buchanan and , Hayter Streets. The business of this house had i in former years been allowed to run down, but under i its 1 resent efficient management the trade has increased in a most marked manner, the concern being now run to the full extent of its capacity. Messrs. .Scott & Cross have now on hand contracts amounting to over $30,000, and as an instance of the magnitude and importance of their undertakings, they are erect- ing what promises to be one of the handsomest mansions in the ciiy for Mr. Wanless, at a cost ot over $20,000, the site of the house l)eing at the corner of Spadina Ave. and Bloor St. They also have the contract for the carpenter and joiner work of the new .Methodist church, corner of Carlton and Sherbourne Streets, which will cost when completed over $40,000. In addition to their building opera- tions, ttie firm are large manufacturers of doors, sashes, blinds, window and door frames, sawing, turning, scroll and ornamental work, mouldings, brackets, cornice and stair work, mantels, etc., giving employment to some 40 or 50 hands. Their mills are fully equipped with all the most modern machinery and appliances. The trade supplied by this firm is large and steadily increasing in magnitude and importance. Can.ida in general, and Toronto in particular, owe in no small degreetoenterprising sons of Scotland the importance and prominence many of her leading manufactories and commercial institutions now occupy, Mr. Scott having been born in Rox- burghshire, near to Hawick, one of the border boroughs, but has been a resident of Toronto for 18 years. Mr. Cross was born in Peterhead, Aberdeen- shire, and has abo been a resident of the city for 13 years. Both gentlemen are widely known in business circles, while by the exercise of great commercial ability, combined with a strait;htforward system of honorable dealing, the firm of Messrs. Scott & Cross have achieved a prominence accorded only to those whose transactions have been based on the strictest principles of mercantile honor. The firm adopted its present constitution in May, 1881, occupying premises near to King Street before moving to their present quarters. ^ f d a 148 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. B«av«r Look Works, No. II Victoria Street, J. iV E. II. 3 Roberts proprielors. — Prominent i among the leading and representa- tive iv^L.ismiths and Ijell-hnngers of i this city, are the well-knov n Beaver ' Lock Works, located at No. 1 1 Victoria Street. These works have been in existence and active opera- tion since 1868, and during the period that has elapsed since that date have achieved a very extended and enviable reputation in the line received and returns promptly made. Mr. Latch has command of an unusually extensive trade, is prepared to undertake and fill the largest contracts, and can ofTer inducements to his regular customers and con- sumers generally that are not easily obtainable else- where. His dice is located in Victoria Chambers, Victoria Street ; the broad and liberal principles upon which this gentleman conducts his business indicate much more than ordinary energy and enter- prise; and the record of a career covering a period of more than a quarter of a century is straight and unstained. Mr. Latch is recognized as one of our most influential and public-spirited citizens, whose name is always found in connection with every move- ment that tends to promote the welfare of the com- munity. William Simpson, Builder and Contractor, 66 Adelaide Street West. — There is no branch or de- partment of general enterprise more important than that of the building and contracting interests. Among the most prominent men engaged in this branch of industry none are better known or more L of work they do. They are owned If VICTORIA ST. and operated by Messrs. T. & E. , . , , , ,, ., .it.,,. o- , H. Roberts. The manufacturing i ^'g^ly recommendable than William Smipson, who, department is thoroughly equipped with new and im- [ d""ng a career of twenty years m business mostly in uc^irtiiuic"!. • I '' J -^ ^..'^'^ , f ! Toronto, has always merited the confidence and nroved machinery and appliances, and a corps of . V,, urn* o- • • r ' . ^ . r^^ ' . 1 . esteem of the public. Mr. Simpson occupies spacious competent workmen is given constant employment. 1 . e./ a 1 1 j c. l i\r . ^ *• op»v.»uuo A general locksmithing Ind bell-hanging business is ! Pf'^'^'^^^ »' ^6 Adelaide Street West, 150x60 feet in carried on ; all kinds of keys are made, and locks of : d'mensions. where about fifty hands are kept in J '. .. „ „, ' „:,^j A ...„o;„u., „j constant employment in the manufacture of doors, everydescription poperly repaired A sp«^ sashes and material for buildings, the fac- this house, and one in which they have gained excep- . , . r .u 1 .. • .u •. j . tional distinction, is the resetting of the famous Va^e I tory being one o the largest m the city, and turning locks and the making of keys, Iven though all the °"' ^^-^ ^ ""^ large quantity of well -finished work, original keys are lost. They are also wholesale i f^^,/™P^°" '« looked upon as being a leading manufacturers of blank keys. The Messrs. Roberts | \'^i^_^':J'l^t^'t?}l' "If^^''^:"'^^^^^^ do a very extensive business, that extends throughout the city and through the whole of Ontario and North West. Some idea of the high estimation in which their work is held may be formed from the fact that they are locksmiths to the Toronto Post Office and Dominion Postal Service, and also do contract work for the city, the Toronto Gaol, the Central Prison, and the Mercer Reformatory. Both members of this popular and enterprising firm are natives of England, came to Toronto in 1868, and straightway commenced the business in which they have gained so high a reputation and so great a degree of prosperity. They are respected throughout this community as influential and public-spirited gentlemen, who are always iden- tified with every movement looking to the interests and welfare of our citizens. in Toronto, Winnipeg and the North- West can amply testify. He is a Scotchman by birth, and a practical mechanic and draughtsman, and has been in this country twenty years. He is at present Secretary of the Master Carpenter's Association, and popular with both his men and customers. His principal forte is contract work, doing work which for design and durability cannot be excelled by any other firm. William Lateh, Wholesale Dealer in Hardwood and Pine Lumber, Lath and Shingles; Office, Vic- toria Chambers. — The vast lumber trade of this sec- tion cannot cease to grow and expand so long as the sources of supply exist and the present race of ener- getic, progressive merchants remain in control of the bus n- ■ One of the most prominent lumber opera" H)' I . - l;'' , Mr. William Latch, has been actively 1(1 iiii .^u 'ii); this business for the last twenty-six '.:vfs, a>- rcs.-.'^s^es unexcelled facilities for the sue- C'. '■''d tr. .iiic'ion of a large trade. He deals, at vho''-,ji!K '! kind:< and varieties of hardwood and pi^'.; I, L. - h, shingles, etc., and is able to fill the largest orders it the shortest notice. ' < is wholesale yards are located at Courtright, where immense quantities of rough and dressed lumber of every description are kept in stock. Consignments are also e. Martin it Co., Flags of all Nations Clothing House, I S3 King Street Jiast.— Dating from the time of its inception twenty-one years ago, the Flags of All Nations Clothing House has steadily de- veloped, until it has more than quadrupled its original size. It was founded by the present pro- prietor, Mr. C. Martin, by whom it has always been conducted. The premises occupied consist of four commodious flats, each having dimensions of 50x160 feet, including the retail and jobbing depart- ments and the manufactory. Employment is afforded to about fifty hands in all, and the goods handled comprise ready-made clothing, gents' furnishings, hats anil caps, and staple dry goods. A special department is devoted to custom work. He also has a branch store at No. 131 King Street East, known as Phoenix Hall, and is proprietor of Oak Hall, the largest clothing store in Belleville, Ont. Mr. Martin is a native of Enniskillen County, Fer- managh, Ireland, and came to Toronto twenty-eight years ago. He is ably assisted in conducting the affairs of his establishment by his business manager, Mr. J. G. Burns, who is a native of the County Tyrone, Ireland, but who has been for many years a resident of Toronto, where he has had an «xtended and practical experience in his line of business. ■<_i TORONTO. 149 Th« Toronto Oeffoo-hoHOO Asoeeliitlen (Limited)— Capital, $50,000 dollars-- 1 18 King Street East. — Any movement that has f>r its object social elevation is to be commended. Some few years past it occurred to some of our distinguished citizens to open up a number of coffee-houses, where meals could be had at a moderate cost unaccompanied by intoxicating drink ; their efforts were successful, and in February, 1882, they opened one coffee-house on Jarvis Street, which was transferred to 1 18 King Street East, and another at Shaftesbury Hall, on Queen Street west. The seating capacity in each house is t'vo hundred, while they have ability to provide 1,000 meals at each place, and forty-five assistants are employed in attending to the wants of the public. The cooking is done by coal, and they have their own bakery. The usefulness of the two coffee- houses is assured, and under the able management of the secretary-treasurer, Mr. Lee Williams, the public have every reason to be gratified at the excel- lent meals provided at a moderate cost, and the shareholders with a dividend of 6 per cent, per annum ; this is an evidence of the success of this laudable enterprise. It is in contemplation to give additional accommodation in other parts of the city by ojiening up two more houses, and we have pleasure in according to Col. C. S. Gzowski, A.D.C., the respected president of the association, with other notable citizens, our recognition of the inestimable privileges enjoyed by the citizens at large through their kindly and well directed philanthropy. fruits, English and foreign hops, and is Dominion agent for E. James & Son's (Plymouth, England) celebrated washing blues, rice, starch and dome black lead, for which there is a great demand, as well as Russian iron from .St. Petersburg, and English malt vinegar ; the sale of these various commodities being confined to the wholesale trade. He is also Ontario agent for Lloyd's London and Liverpool underwriters. For many years Mr. Lobb has been closely identified with the commercial and progressive interests of the city of his adoption; in i88o and 1881 he sat as alderman for St. David's Ward, and again in 1884 was brought out for St. Lawrence Ward, serving on the finance, railway and other important committees ; and it was mainly owing to his personal exertions and advocacy that the East End is indebted for that charming resort known as " Kiverdale Park." He is a member of the Board of Trade ; also Trustee and Honorary Secretary of the Collegiate Institute. W. J. Fonton & Co., Real Estate Agents, No. 50 Adelaide Street East. — Prominent amongst the many real estate agents in this city is the firm of W. J. Fenton & Co. of No. 50 Adelaide Street East, who are also publishers of the Canadian Land Ad- vertiser, the largest real estate publication printed on this continent, which contains descriptions, prices and terms of purchase, for an immense number of improved farms, wild lands, town and vill.ige pro- perties, mills, etc., in the Provinces of Ontario and Manitoba, with neatly executed provincial and county maps. It is one of the most complete records of its kind, and a credit to its publishers. The firm are highly regarded for their straightforward deal- ings. ,is between buyers and sellers, in all land tran- sactions, and this has placed them in an enviable position in their line of business. Mr. W. J. Fen- ton is a native of the North of Ireland, and has been in Canada for the past 44 years. He is a wide-awake business man, and intending purchasers or sellers of land will receive all information from him freely. tlameo Lobb, Import Agent, Teas, etc., 56 Front Street East. — Few imports open up larger fields for enterprise and competition than that of teas. There are few commodities in life more highly prized by all classes, and few articles that vary so much in quality. To be a good judge of tea is no ordinary acquirement, and to some extent a keen discernment in taste is a natural gift, but it is a gift that experi- ence greatly a'-sists. Born in Plymouth, England, in 1832, Mr. James Lobb, when twenty-three years of age, migrated to this country, seeking in the then rapidly opening Dominion a wider field for his natu- ral enterprise and energy. He at once made Toronto the home of his adoption, and some two years later entered as a member of the house of Messrs. Gibbs, of Oshawa, under the title of Gibbs, Lobb & Co. After an association of some fifteen years with that establishment, Mr. Lobb returned to Toronto in 1872, and established himself in the business he is now en- gaged in. Mr. Lobb also handles Mediterranean Barton & Walker, Real Estate Agents, 49 King .Street West. — This popular establishment was founded three years ago by Mr. Barton, who, after two years ' of a successful career, took Mr. Walker into partner- I ship. These gentlemen are known as able authorities i on the present and prospective values of real estate ; 1 their connections are of the most influential character, '\ enabling them to place upon their books properties of : the choicest description which are exclusively entrusted ' to them ; they also undertake the entire management < of estates, and are noted not only for securing I responsible tenants, but also for keeping all properties 1 under their charge up to the highest standard of pro- ; ductive efficiency. They are justly popular as negotia- tors on bonds and mortgages, owing to their honorable i and liberal policy ; they also m.-ike investments and make collections, as well as search titles and do general conveyancing. In a word, anything appertain- ing to real estate, bonds or mortgages, that may be placed in their hands, will receive the utmost atten- tion and careful management. This firm are also agents for the London & Lancashire Fire Insurance Company, whose business they have brought up to large proportions in this city. Both gentlemen are Canadians by birth, and have gained for themselves an enviable reputation as business men ; their office is located at 49 King Street West. 150 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. i '*' '■' f >i \'' I 1 i ^ f:i ; ■ ■ Oobourg Matting Co. William Mitchell, 28 Wellington Street East, Manufacturer of Cocoa and j Jute Mats. — An important portion of the manufac- turers of this city are those who make a distinctive specialty of some one branch, and push it with energy and enterprise. There are many such in Toronto, any record of which would be incomplete that did not include a notice of Mr. Wm. Mitchell, who makes a specialty of the manufacture of cocoa and jute mattings, and cocoa mats of every size and in great variety ; also Venetian hair carpets and crumb- cloths of various styles and designs. The office and warerooms are located at No. 28 Wellington Street East, occupying commodious and well-appointed premises, all of which are fully utilized. The mills in which the goods are manufactured are located at j Cobourg, Ont., where Mr. Mitchell employs a large | number of operatives. The uniform excellent nuaiity ; of the goods manufactured and standard reputation, 1 have won and retained a commanding position for ' them in all markets of the Dominion. The pro- i prietor is a native of " Bonnie Scotland," where he i was brought up to the dry goods business, but at an ' early age he left the land of the heather to try his fortunes in the New World. That he has been eminently successful it is unnecessary for us to say, as he is too well known in commercial circles and to the general public to require any personal notice at our hands. Nawsom* li Lcydsn, Law and Commercial Stationers, Print- ers, Lithographers, etc., 46 Ade- laide Street East.— Toronto being the capital of Ontario, and the seat of the High Courts of Judica- ture at Osgoode Mall, is also the centre of the law stationery and II blank form business of the Do- minion. Amongst those largely interested in the law stationery line, as printers and dealers in law and conveyancing blanks, stationery, etc., is the firm of Newsome & Leyden. They are also commercial stationers, and carry a very full and complete stock of everything required for office use. They have been estab- lished five years, and occupy premises at 46 Adelaide Street East. Hy strict attention to business, good stock, low prices and honest dealing, they have suc- ceeded in securing by far the largest business of the kind in the Dominion. MePhall, Hawat fr Co., Manufacturers and Importers of Furs, 25 Melinda Street. — The fur business in Canada has ever held a most prominent place amongst her industries ; from the time of the establishment of the Hudson Bay Company to the present day, the manufacture and export of furs has been very great. Among the prominent manufac- turers of furs in the city of Toronto is the firm of Mc- Phail, Hewat & Co., of 25 Melinda Street. This business was established five years ago, and since its inception has assumed large proportions. The firm are manufacturers of furs, the specialty made by them being mantles and coats ; they are also importers and exporters of raw and dressed skins. The premises occupied by them are 18x80 feet in dimensions, being spacious and commodious, and consisting of three flats ; employment is given to 40 hands, who are em- ployed in manufacturing and also in sorting the furs. Both Messrs, McPhail and Hewat are natives of Can- ada, and have an intimate knowledge of their business; they are both energetic business men, and have that push in them which is bound to grasp success. Hawlay Broa«, Provision and Commission Merchants, 88 Front Street East.— This firm, which is now represented by Mr. John Hawley, was estab- lished 20 years ago. The Trade done by this firm is a large one, and will compare favorably with any other wholesale provision business in the city ; in addition to an appreciable business done in butter, cheese, etc., Mr. Ilawley makes a specialty in eggs, and enjoys the largest trade in that branch of any produce merchant in the city ; they are well selected and are invariably fresh. The premises occupy three flats, 100x26. .Mr. Hawley is not only the pioneer in the pickling of eggs, but he is the only one in that business: many have tried it, but being a difficult and precarious experiment, none have succeeded, Mr. Hawley excepted. The representative of this firm enjoys almost a monopoly of the egg trade during the winter months. The house ol Hawley Bros, is one of the finest in the city for offering facili- ties to the trade in the procuring of first-class goods at a reasonable figure. Mr. Hawley owns $10,000 of real es.ate. Mrs. A. W< Miller, Dress and Mantle Maker, 100 Vonge Street. — Toronto can assuredly take a just pride in the work done in the dressmaking line by Mrs. A. W. Miller, uhose establishment is at 100 Yonge Street, and consists of reception room and two work rooms, in which a number of mantle and dress- makers are constantly employed. Mrs. Miller fol- lows exclusively the American style of work, and imports the very finest of fabrics. Mantle and dress- making may truthfully be said to be a fine art when we examine the exquisite designs produced by this lady. She is patronized by the n/ifa of the city, and does a very large business. She was born in Hull, England, and resided for 25 years in St. Louis, Mo., from which city she came to Toronto a number of years ago. In 1876 she started business in this city in a small way in her private residence, but the excellence of her work soon had the eflTect of bring- ing her into prominence, and her customers were so numerous that she was compelled 10 move into her present more commodious and elegant quarters, and engage a staff of twelve assistants who are kept con- stantly at work. 1. TORONTO. 151 P. Doyle, Hooks and Fancy Goods, St. Law- rence Aiciule.— One of the best known business men and citizens who occupy premises in the .St. Law- rence Arcade l)uil(lin(;s is Mr. 1'. Doyle, who has been c.^t.iblished in this location for upwards of 40 years. Mr. Doyle first saw the light in the County WicUlow, Ireland, and at an early age left the green shores ol his native land for the New World, and shortly afterwards located in Toronto, where he has now resided for upwards of half a century. He oc- cupies neat and commodious premises, where he carries in stock a well selected assortment of those articles generally denominated fancy goods, including toys, pocket books, sewing baskets, ornamental articles, .-ilhums, stationery, etc. ; also a great variety of works by standard authors, and the current litera- ture of the day. Mr. Doyle is among the oldest and most respected citizens and business men of the city, and enjoys the esteem of a large circle of friends and the general public. Howard William*, Felt and Slate Roofer, Manufacturer and Dealer in Roofing Material ; Office. 4 Adelaide Street East. — Leaking roofs have at all times been the bane of life of landlord and tenant alike. Wood shingles or tin, it mattered not which, in time gave way before the devouring influence of weather. Now, however, a roofing material has been made that defi( 8 time's power and prevents leaking, being at the same tiiue absolutely fireproof. Mr. Howard Williams, of No. 4 Adelaide Street East, is a up, having all the modern improvements and conveni- ences, and contains 3J bedrooms, two parlors, C'ffice, bar, and a large billiaril and pool room, with three tables. The bar is furnished with all the best brands of wines, liquors and cigars, and a courteous attend- ant is in waiting upon guests. Employment is given to eight assistants. Mr. Maloney, the proprietor, is a native of Ireland, and has resided in this country for the past 35 years ; he has spent most of his life in hotel business, and thorcjughly understands how to make his guests at home. manufacturer and dealer in roofing material, and is | sole agent for Warren's anchor brand asphalt roof- | ing. He also deals in roofing pitch, coal tar, liquid . asphalt, carpet paper, etc. He is also proprietor of ' the East End .Slate Company, who do plain and 1 ornamental slate roofing, Mr. L. A. Wismer being manager of slating. The works of the Company are 1 situated at 83 Esplanade, where 15 hands are em- ; ployed. The business was established in 1881 by Mr. Howard Williams, who is an Ohioan by birth, t and has resided in this country nine years, and by | practical ability built up a If.crative business. 1 ! Imporlal Hotel, 52 Jarvis Street, J. Maloney j proprietor. — One of the oldest established hotels in the city of Toronto is the Imperial Hotel, No. 52 Jarvis Street, and conducted by Mr. J. Maloney, who has had it for the past three years Previous to Mr. Maloney's taking possession, it was known as the Bassett House. All old travellers are well acquainted with the place, and have spent many a pleasant night under its roof. The house is well and comfortably fitt-^d Ja Ba Wobb, Engraver on Wood, 23 Adelaide Street East. — Among those artists of merit who have an established reputation for taste and workmanship, Mr. J. B. Webb, of 23 Adelaide Street East, holds a prominent place in the Queen City. Mr. Webb has been about seven years in business for himself, being located at his present premises for about a year past. His experience as a tradesman extends over a period of fifteen years, part of which time he spent in the em- ployment of the principal wood engraving houses of the United States. He at present enjoys a lucrative patronage in general job work, executing all work to the satLsfaclion of his patrons and with due prompt- ness, a fact which has gained him many customers. DOHglas Brothers, Manufacturers ofGalvanized Iron Cornices, Window Caps, etc., 95 Adelaide Street West. — Leading among the industries of To- ronto is that of Douglas Brothers, who are the manu- facturers of galvanized iron cornices and win- dow caps of every description. They are also the sole manufacturers for Ontario of Dunlevy & Campbell's patent galvanized iron skylights. The firm is known as the Toronto Galvanized Iron Cornice Works, and h.is been established since 1872. They occupy premises at 95 Ade- laide Street West, 60x90 feet in dimensions, and two stories in height. They have the very best machinery in the country, and are ahead of all other competitors in this respect, and also in the fact that they import their iron in eight feet lengths. They make a specialty of sky- lights and cornice work. Mr. Thomas Douglas was born in Ireland, and Messrs. A. S. A. Mathews and Walter Bell, the other members of the firm, are natives of Ontario. They give steady employment to 30 hands, and are gentlemen who are highly respected by all who know them. Ta Bell Sr COa, Importers and Dealers m all kinds of Coal and Wood, No. 166 Simcoe Street. — In reviewing the important industries of Toronto, the extensive business conducted by Messrs. T. Bell & Co., in handling coal and wood, the most valuable products of nature, may well claim a brief mention. This house was established in 1862, on Queen Street, and in 1871 removed to their present location, 166 Simcoe Street, the yards being 104x104 feet in dimensions, with sheds and offices, The number of hands employed by the firm average seven in summer and twenty in the winter ; five horses and waggons are also used for the delivery of the product. The annual sales of the firm approximate 10,000 tons of coal and 3,000 cords of wood per annum. They im- port largely from the States, direct from the mines. Mr. Bell is a native of the north of Ireland, and has resided in this country for 28 years, where he has for the past 1 5 years devoted his energies to his business. He is also a member of the Toronto Board of Trade. ■ 162 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ' •ten* 4 Wal. Ilngten. Nursery- men, Office, 2 3, 24 and 26 Church Street. — The occu- pation of nursery- man is most beau- tiful, entertaining and instructive, whether it be adop- ted as a pastime or pursued as a busi- ness. Among the most extensive es- tablishments devot- ed to this branch of businessis that corir ducted by the well- known firm of Stone & Wellington, with head offices located at 22, 24 and 26 Church Street, To- ronto, and branch offices at Montreal, P. Q., Rochester, N. Y., etc. The nursery of this firm occupies 450 acres of the finest land in Ontario, being situ- ated at Fonthill. This firm was first established in 1868, and in 1878 ac- quired by purchase this the largest nur- sery in the Domin- ion. Mr. E. Mor- ris, who is a part- ner, resides at the nursery and person- ally oversees the growing of allstock. Mr. Morris isa thor- oughly practical man, an enthusiast in the work, and evidently tUe right man in the right place. Their ex- tensive glass houses and conservatories are fitted in the latest manner, and are kept at the de- sired temperature by means of hot water supplied by lirge boilers, capa- ble of furnishing a water supply of thousands of feet of piping. In those houses can be found all the rich and rare hothouse plants, in- cluding choice va- rieties of tropical plants, exotics and American flowers. TORONTO. isa Messrs. Stone & Wellington do by far the largest business in Canada in plants, fiuit trees, shrubs, roses and all kinds of outdoor and fruit-bearing trees. At the nurseries 60 expert gardeners and nurserymen are constantly employed transplaniinf,', potting and watching the growth of the plants under their care, and for the disposal of this large prcduction 125 agents are constantly calling on the public from end to end of the Dominion, and the border Slates of the neighboring Republic. Upon the death of Mr. Stone ini884,NIr. Wellington succeeded lotheenlire control, but thinking itbetter.Mr. Wellington slill re- tains the old firm name. Dorn in Dshawa, .Mr. Wellington came to Toronto in 1 866. Me is thoroughly experienced and well informed on all matters pertaining to the business, and |jossesses the esteem and confidence of the entire commercial com- munity, as is proved by the fact that he holds the positions of Director of the Fruit Crowers' Associa- tion, is a member of the Board of Trade, and is one of the Permanent Committee of the Industrial Exhibition. Wagnar li Oo>i Sash, Doors and Blinds, 59-73 Adelaide St. West. — In reporting the diflerent indus- tries of Toronto, it would be an incomplete work without mention being made of the business conducted by J. I'. Wagner cS: Co. They carry on one of the largest and most improved establishments in the city. the best of skillc Normaili Klectricinn, No. 4 Queen Street I has riirnishcd his establishment with every requisite Kasl. — The truth of the sayini; that " uloctricily is ! for giving these l)aths, recommending them when 1! life" has never been more believed than it is nt the present dny, a fact due in a larj;i- measure to the use 'to wiiich medical science has put this Kreat unseen and subtle power. That electricity is efticacious as a therapeutic agent is now an undisputed fact, although much that is useful and valuable to the general, as well as scientific, reader could be written on this subject. That represented in Toronto by Mr. Addison Norman, Electrician, 4 Queen Street East, is a leading one. Norman's Acme Electric Belt is the only electric appliance that combines galvanism with magnetisui successfully. It is made of a series of galvanic cells alternating with magnetic ones, and connected together across the magnetic cells by pli- able wires, which are encased in an envelope of linen stitched into sections to keep the cells from contact with each other. This forms a flexible battery capa- ble of being applied to any part of the body. This envelope is again encased in a cover of rubber cloth, leather and linen, to prevent the clothes from being soiled. Two kinds of currents are received into the body, one galvanic and the other magnetic. The appliances help nature to throw off disease by supply- ing the body with nature's own force — electricity. It cures lame back, spinal curvature, neuralgic pain, lumbago, sciatica, paralysis, epilepsy, St. Vitus' dance, fever and ague, pleurisy, catarrh, consumptive tendency, lung diseases, constipation, diseases of children, and various other aflTections. Some diseases require the assistance of the electric or sulphur baths along with the belts, and for such cases Mr. Norman needed, with consultation free. Mr, Normnn has had many years' experience in the use of medical electricity, studying closely the science in its application to cura- tive purposes, lie has now been established here 12 years. He is an Englishman by birth, but has been twenty-three years in America. His establish- ment on <,)ueen Street East is three stories in height, and 20x50 feet in dimensions. T. Tushlngham It Sen, liuilders, 84 and 86 Adelaide Street West. — There is no branchor depart- ment of general enterprise which is more important to the advance and welfare of a community than the build- ing trade. The prosperity and increase of this great branch of industry reflects at the same time Canada's increase in wealth and development, and for this reason we are justified in placing the building interests among the foremost in operation in this country. Among the houses prominent in this line is that of T. Tushingham & Son, who occupy spacious premises on Adelaide Street, and which they are about rebuilding at a cost of $10,000. This building will be five stories in height, and 36x100 feet in dimensions. Mr. Tushingham, the founder of the firm, has been established m business for the past twenty-one years in Toronto, during which time he has always enjoyed a high reputation for con- scientious workmanship and honest, upright dealings. A general contracting and building business is tran- .sacted by the firm, which is well known. Mr. Tushingham is an Englishman by birth, but has been in this country thirty-five years. He is an active member of the Young Men s Christian Asso- ciation and St. George's Society, and universally respected. Mr. Tushingham, jr., is a Canadian, and a young man of industry and enterprise. Nop BIttsrii Manufaoturlng Company, S. D. Stone, Manager ; Office, No. 15 Victoria Street. — This house is a branch, and a very important one, of the original and far-famed Hop Bitters Manufac-' turing Company, whose main office and works are at Rochester, N.V., and which is represented in Eng- land, France, Belgium, Holland and Australia. This Toronto branch is not only headquarters for the supply of the demand for the renowned Hop Bitter;: throughout the Dominion, but the entire amount con- sumed here is manufactured in the Company's works in this city from material bought upon the spot. The premises occupied are spacious and substantial, com- prising two flats 30x125 feet in dimensions, equipped with the most modern machinery and improved appli- ances. The reputation of Hop Bitters is firmly established, and the tide of its demand is constantly rising. The President of the Toronto branch of the Hop Bitters Manufacturing Company is Mr. A. T. Soule ; the Secretary, Mr. Wilson Soule ; and the Manager, Mr. S. D. Stone. The energy and enter- prise for which they are distinguished have done very much to extend the reputation and enlarge the sale of hop bitters throughout the Dominion, and they rank with our strongest and most responsible business men and most influential citizens. This branch was organized in 1880, with a capital stock of $125,000, and has enjoyed a pre-erninent success. Mr. Stone is a New Yorker by birth, has been connected with theoriginal hous.'for fourteen j ei:rs, and isathoroughly practical and talented man of business. TORONTO. 165 I MoOlary Manufaelurlng Oe., Mnnurncturcrs I ■of stoves, Kannfs, etc., 19 Kr.ini Street West. -! Prominent among the stove iiifiniirncturers of Ontario [ is the McClary Maniifiictiirinjj Co.; it is iiideeii the pioneer of the stove imiiistry in Canmlii. The works are located at London, Ont,, anil liicre ar'.- l)ranch houses at Toronto, Montreal :ind Winnipeg. The I business of the Toronto branch is luiilcr the exclusive i management of Mr. David .McKill(i|), than whom | none more enterprisinj; or ener(;etic could he found. ] The premises occupied in Toronto consist of a com- | modious three-story brick liuililin^, where a very , complete assortment is alway . kept on hand, and ■^ ,'*^^4g, r^- where orders are filled at manufacturers' prices. The goods which the McClary Manufacturing Co. deal in are well known to be of the finest class ; they consist of stoves of all kinds, ranges, hollow-ware, stamped, pieced and japanned tinware, tinners' trimmings, etc. Among the leading specialties are the Royal Uase Burner, the Art Royal, the Grand and Active Ranges, Premium Cooking Stove, and many others, all bear- ing the stamp of superiority. The business of this Company was originally established by J no. it O. McClary, in 1840; the present Company was organ- ized in 1874, with a capital stock of $500,000 ; the officers of the Company are : Messrs. John McClary, President; P. McClary, Vice-President ; and W. W. ■Gartshore, Secretary. The trade of the Company is a very large one, and e.xtends from the Atlantic to the Pacific ; goods are also exported to Australia, Eng- lanil and elsewhere, and every year new ac(|ui.iitionji ar • mside in the extension of the iiusiness. Some four hundred people are employed l)y this t'cnnpany, who owe their present immense proporiions in traiie to the rar',' combination of .1 thorough knowledge of busincnii energy and enterprise. Wm. Glow, the (miy Turtle Restaurant, Nng. 56, 58 and ou C'olliorne .Street. — Koremosi among ilie restaurants of Toronto stands the well-known estab- lishment of Mr. Wm. Clow, occupying, in the most central business part of the city, the large premises al 56, 58 and ()0 Colborne Street. The wide, spiicious well ventilated dinini; room i» 40x50 feet, and is daily crowded with a hirge number o( leading merchants and business men of the city, who are regular patron.s of this popular anil celebrated establishment. This noted eating hous<; was founded by Mr. Jewell, father- in-law of the jjresent proprietor, and the lirm as Jewell and Clow gained a reputation by no means confmed to Canada alone. Mr. Jewell retiring some two years ago, Mr. Clow now conducts this big enter- prise alone, and has, if such a thing be possible, added (o the comforts of the house. Heing conducted upon the luirojiean i)lan, with mials at all hours, there seems to be no limit to tlie number of guests who are daily accommodated. The bar is stocked with the finest brands of imported and domestic win' s and li(|uors, and the cuisine, under the manage- nijnt of competent and experienced assistants, is not cc|ualleil by any establishment of a similar nature. The great specialty of this house is the importation of livi: turtles, and the turtle soup days of the " only Clow " bring a big contingent from disiants parts to feast on the aldermanic dainty. .Mr. Clow, who is an I'jiglishman by birth, is a popular ami genial host, and a thorough business man. On the subject of dogs -Mr. Clow is an eminent authority, and is a staunch supporter and patron of all legitimate and honest siiort. Canadian Rubber Company, J. H. Walker, Manager, I Fron*. .Street East.— The Canadian Rub- ber Company, of Montreal, is well-known throughout the Dominion for the excellent ipiality of their goods and the reliability of the house in all business trans- actions. They are manuf.iclurers of ruliber shoes, felt l)Oots, belling, steam packing, engines, hydrant and suction hose, etc. The business is of 32 years' establishment in Montreal, and has grown to large pro- poriions since the time of its inception, so that now there is scarcely a town or city in the entire Dominion where the product of the Company is not sent. So I largely has their business grown in Ontario and the j west, that it was deemed necessary in 1 880 to open ! a branch establishment in Toronto, for the pur- I pose of supplying the immediate wants of customers in this section. Handsome and commodious pre- mises were taken at No. i Front .Street East, at the corner of ^■onge Street, being in dimensions 40x280 feet and three stories in height, with ba.sement. These were slocked with a complete assortment i of the goods manufactured by the Company, so that ! customers can be supplied at a moment's notice. Mr. 1 J. H. Walker, the manager of the Toronto branch, is I a gentleman eminently fitted for the duties of the 1 office. Me h.as had an extensive and practical ex- i perience in this line of business, and is well-known in j commercial circles throughout this city and Pro- I vince. 156 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. i|H M ■ ! if R. d. Hov«nd«n, Wholesale and Retail Artists' Colorman, 88 King Street West, Toronto. — At the | present day people have become so educated and | refined in art matters that they will not be put off with mediocre work, anil when they decide to deco- rate their houses, they wish it done properly and artistically. It is for this reason that such men as : Mr. R. J. llovenden succeed in business, as they | excel in their professions or trades, and have too high j a sense of honor and reputation to slight their work, I or allow those in their employ to do so, and decora- ; tion with Mr. Hovenden's name coupled with it is ; quite sufficient to stamp it with excellence and artistic merit. In addition to his business of fresco painter, { Mr. Hovenden also conducts one of the largest whole- | sale and retail artists' material business in Canada, j where the professioi al and amateur artist, as well as the draughtsman, can have all their requirements filled at once from a large and varied stock. Nor is j the fresco painter, the house painter and the carriage painter forgotten ; they can also be equally well served from full and varied lines of dry colors and colors in oil, glass, brushes, coach colors, varnislies, etc., all the product of standard manufacturers in their respective lines. Mr. R. J. Hovenden is an Irishman by birth, and came to New York with his parents when a boy. After having learned his trade, he like most young men determined to "seethe world," and shi]iped as painter in a U. S. sloop of war, which afforded him the opportunity of visiting both hemispheres at Uncle Sam s expense ; he also took part in the expedition to Nicaragua under General William Walker. After the execution of thai renowned filibuster chief by the Nicaraguan authorities, he resumed his trade of fresco painter for the Catholic Church in the Island of Cuba, where he worketl for over two years and then returned to New Orleans. On the breaking out of the " little family unpleasantness'' between the North and South, he cast his lot with the latter (the land of his adoption), and fought, both in artillery and cavalry, for the " lost cause" from the Ilth day of January, 1861, to the 28th day of April, 1S65, on which date he was paroled by order of Major General E. R. S. Canby, at Mobile, Ala. Mr. Hovenden then entered into the paint and oil business in Mobile, but sold out his interest in May 1S67, and came to Toronto, where he has resided ever since. and property-owners, and their land transaction."* extend to every part of the Dominion. The individual members of this energetic firm are Messrs. Kenneth Murdoch and Thomas Wilson. Mr. Murdoch is a native of Kingston, and has been a respected resident of this city for a ([uarter of a century ; Mr. Wilson is a native of Toronto ; both gentlemen possess every possible c|ualitica.ion for the business they are so successfully pursuing ; are conspicuous for their energy, enterprise and public spirit; and are cordially esteemed in business and social circles. MurMCh It Wilson, Land, Loan and Insurance Agents, No. 8 Victoria .Street. — Conspicuous among the most active exponents of the land, loan and insiu- ance agency business is the well-known firm of Mur- doch iS: W'ilson. These gentlemen have been estab- lished here since iSSo. and have an office at No, 8 Victoria Street ; they give the most careful attention to the sale, leasing and exchange of properties, collect rents, negotiate loans, are valuators of farm and city propel ty, and also effect insurance, to any amount, in all of the leading, responsible insurance corpora- tions. Gentlemen of the h^hest st.-inding and trust- worthiness, they are well posted as to the laws, value and condition of real estate, and can be engaged with implicit confidence in all matters pertaining thereto. They always have at ccmmand a large amount of money to loan to responsible parties at the lowest rates of interest, and all business entrusted to them receives most prompt and faithful attention. Messrs. Murdoch & Wilson number among their regular patrons many of our leading and influential capitalists Ca M> Morphy, Sen tc Coi, Manufacturers and Importers of Watches, Clocks, Jewellery, Silverware and Optical Goods, 141 Vonge Street. —A well- established house, enjoying an extensive and increasing trade, and occupying a commanding position in its line of business, is that of L. M. Morphy, Son & Co. The house dates its origin as far back as 1843, the founder, Mr. E. M. Morphy, being one of the oldest York pioneers, and at present one o the most respected and public- spirited citizens of the Queen City. The firm are very exten- sively engaged in the manufac- ture and importing of watches, clocks, jewellery, silvtrware and optical goods, and have a large trade and business con- nection throughout the Domin- ifn. They also do consider- able jobbing and retail, as well as repairing and engraving. Ten hands are kept in constant employment. The premises are about 22x100 feet in diniension«, attractively and centrally located, and fitted up with nuich taste and elegance. Mr. Morphy was born in Ireland, but came to Canada in 1S35. since which time he has by his own honest industry and abili'y built up his present fine business. His son, Mr. F. J. Morphy, is a Canadian by birth, and a practical and active young man. Mr. Morphy, senior, is a prominent member of the Irish Protest- ant Benevolent Society, as well as of several temper- ance organizations. T. Butlor, Manufacturer of Ruilders' Materials, 61 Ontario Street. — This business was established by Mr. T. Butler, its present proprietor, over twenty- five years ago, is the oldest in its line in the city, and from the date of its inception to the present time has, under his judicious manageinent, always sec'ired a liberal share of public patronage. The prf mises occupied h.nve dimensions of 40 feet in front bv 100 deep, and are furnished throughout with all the requisite appliances and most modern machinery for manufacturing all kinds of building material, including mouldings, dressed and matched ; or jointed flooring, roofing, wainscoting, etc. The machinery is driven by steam power, and ten hands are constantly employed. Mr Butler was born in Nottingham, England, and at an early age came to Canada with his parents, and from the time of his first start out in life has been engaged in his present business. TORONTO. 167 YOHng li Tlllay, Provision Dealers, 9 Jarvis Frank Adam* flr Co., (General Ticiir. | Young is of Scotch birth, but came to Canada in his i early youth, having been a resident of this country i for twenty years. Mr. Tilley claims Canada as the land of his birth. Though among the yoi ngest of j the ciiy merchants, Messrs. Young & Tilley possess a 1 varied commercial experience, which, added to : |iii^^^^^^^«!^^^^BE:nH^E' -=^ i natural energy and perseverance, must achieve for \ ^^^^^^HhO^^^B^^^^^^^^ 9 the business they h.ive founded a rapid and substan- ' tial increase. This house utilizes for storage purpo>es a large warehouse of three flats, having dimensions 100x35 feet. Blaok Horse Hotel. Alfred Oxford proprietor, corner of Front and George Streets.— To utilize an old saying we might transpose it thus : " There aie hotels and there are hotels," which being interpreted, means that there are hotels specially adapted for one purpose and others for another. The Hlack Horse Hotel, at the corner ot Front and George Streets, looks more like a gentleman's private residence than a public resort. On the hotel proper there is a plot of ground, piazza in front with hanging baskets and flowers, making the pl.ice as home-like as possible. The place has been established for 50 years, and is known, and that favorably, all over the Dominion. The present proprietor, Mr. Oxford, has conducted it for the past seven years, and built up an excellent reputation for the place. It is mostly designed for the farming cla.ss of people and .\merican horse buyers, and the stables attached will accommodate 300 horses comfortably. The grounds, with buildings and stable, will cover about 159x159 feet in dimen sions. The hotel is two stories in height and contains 42 bedrooms, a ladies' and gents' sitting room up- stairs, and a ladies' sitting room down-stairs. Em- ployment is given to seven hands. Mr. Oxford is a native of the Isle of Wight, and has oeen in this country 16 years. He is a genial host, and anxious for the welfare and comfort of all who take shelter under his roof. He was, previous to coming to Toronto, proprietor of the Wellington Hotel, Mark- ham, for some years. makes all arrangements, and stands as a mediator between the intending passenger and the steamship company. He furnishes tickets at the lowest rales, secures staterooms, and gives all necessary informa- tion before starling. .Messrs. Frank Adams & Co., of 24 Adel.iide Street East, and 18 tjueen Street, Parkdale, in this city, have been e.-lablished in that business since 18S0, and are the sole agents in To- ronto for the Hamburg-American Packet Company, American Line, Red Star Line, Kotterdani L.'ne, .•\msterdani Line, Italian Line, Lake Michigan and Lake .Superior Transportation Co., New York iS: Charleston and Florida S. S. Lines, and the .Mallory .S. S. Line for Florida and (lalveston. They are also agents for the Allan Line, Merchants Line, and Niagara Navigation Co. They do a very large busi- ness in their line, and many Torontonians have had reason to be pleased with making thtir arrangements thiough them. Mr. Adams is an Englishman, while Mr. J. T. Connolly is a Moiitrealer. Both are courteous and accommodating gentlemen. Erie Despatoh, ihe Fast Freight line of the New- York, Lake Erie iV Western Railroad, John Strachan, Agent, corner Scott and Wellinpton Streets. — The rapid increase in the shipment of freight from this country to European ports opens up an energetic field of competition between the various line?. Pre-eminent amongst these is the Erie Despatch, the fast freight line of the New York, Lake Erie & Western Rail- road. This line makes a specialty of, and possesses unrivalled facilities for, the transportation of bonded goods of every description. The European agents of this Company are G. H. F'letcher & Co., Mersey Chambers, Liverpool ; .M, S, Sutherland, Glasgow ; and E. Foley, New York. Export and import merchants will find this a favorable line for the ship- ment of goods. Mr. lohn Strachan is the agent for this city, and is also a member of the Board of Trade. Mrs. Sarah A. Tegg« Photographer, 71 King Street West. — Of late years the art ot phoH)giaphy has taken ra])id strides in the march ot improvement, I and now the enlargement of pictures and the recopy- i ing of others is made quite a feature, and one readily j sought after. Among those engaged in this business j is Mrs. Sarah A. Tegg, of No. 71 King Street West, I who has been estal)li>hed for the ]5asl three years. I Mrs. Tegg is a native of the United .States, and j has given the science of photography much thought, ; study and practice This lady makes a speci.ilty of enlarging photographs and also ol coloring the same, j and gives lessons in the art. Special attention is I given to assisting the amateur artist in " finishing" I their work. Her parlors are neatly fitted up and ' suitably adapted to the occupation followed ; they are 24x35 feet in dimensions. Since the inception of the business it has steadily increased, so that at pre- ' sent Mis. Tegg has all the 'vork she can attend to. 168 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. I\ 1 ■ f I' 'i m Da ConbOJff the well-known carriage top manu- acturer, has been identified with the carriage trade for over thirty years, having completed his apprent ceship in I'hiladelphia, in 1855. Since i860 he has been extensively engaged in the manufacture of carriages at Vallentyne and Ux- bridge. In 1883 he erected and moved to his factory, 407 and 409 King Street West, a three- story brick building, 30x150 feet. He employs from thirty to forty skilled workmen, and gives his whole time and attention to the manufacture of all kinds of carriage tops and trimmings, including the cheapest as well as the very finest manufactured. Their superior excellence in style, material, work- manship, and the patented improvements not found in any other make of top, is an explanation of the wide-spread demand for this branch of Toronto's industry, as the " Conboy Tops" are in use all over our land from ocean to ocean. Cook Ir Bunkor, Carvers and Gilders, Mirror and Picture Frame Manufacturers, 36 King Street West. Both gentlemen of the above firm are prac- tical men and hrst-class mechanics, each of them having been at the head of their special departments for a number of years in the old establishment of Mr. Laird, who at one time did about all the work in his line in the city. Mr. Cook worked eighteen and one half years for Mr. Laird, ten years of this time being foreman of the department in which he excelltd ; and Mr. Bunker was about sixteen and one half years as foreman in another department in the same establishment, proving beyond a doubt that both the young men noted above were not only good artists, but had executive ability, and could excel their fellow-workmen to such an extent that their employer must have considered them the /'«/ in their different departments. It is quite evident that .Messrs. Cook & Bunker soon learned their own capabilities, for in 1879 they formed a copartnership and started into businesr, for themselves, and have been quite successful, both the gentlemen having purchased themselves homes, and aie looked upon as good and desirable citizens. They do not confine them- selves to frame making, gilding, etc., of which business they are among the leaders in the Province, doing the work for many of the best artists in the Dominion, but they manufacture rubber and metal hand stamps, daters, self- inkers, etc. ; railroad and banking stamps, notary public and society seals, etc., made to order; and, like their other line, they are among the leaders in both, having all the tools, machinery, etc., necessary to complete any piece of work in either branch. They are now renovating and refitting their store preparatory to an additional effort to increase their already large business. Blu* Lin* Fa»t FreljEht, S. Hyndman, agents 34 Church Street. — The railroad facilities of Canada are becoming rapidly developed, and now there is no city in the Dominion but has easy access by railway with all other places throughout the Dominion, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and throughout the United States. The Blue Line Fast Freight is one of the popular freight lines which has within the past five years been established in Canada. It was started 19' years ago in the United States and has made rapid development. At first it only ran over the Michigan Central, old Great Western and other eastern roa-^s. Now it runs from the Atlantic to the Pacific and over nearly every road in existence in the United States and Canada. The Company own 15,000 cars, which are continually carrying freight over the North American continent. The head offices of the Com- pany are in Rochester, N.V , the Manager being Mr. B. B. Mitchell ; the General Agent for Canada is Mr. S. Hyndman, who has had charge ever since the establishment in Canada, the office of the Company being at 34 Church Street. Mr. Hyndman, previous to connecting himself with the Blue Line Fast Freight, was agent for the Great Western before its amalgama- tion with the Grand Trunk. He is an enterprising and energetic gentlemen in business matters, and is a. member of the Board of Trade of Toronto. I w TORONTO. 150 m wi i Manton Bros., Florists, No. 508 Yonge Street. — Among the florists of the city of Toronto, the firm of Messrs Manton Bros, is deserving of special men- tion. These gentlemen originally established them- selves here in the year 1882, and during the period that has elapsed since that date have made themselves widely known, and have built up a flourishing trade. Located at No. 508 Yonge Street, the premises occu- pied are commodious, being 30x125 feet in dimen- sions, and comprise two large greenhouses in addition to the office. Their greenhouses ore on Summer Hill Avenue, Victoria Avenue, York Township, and are handsome and extensive. Messrs. Manton Bros, do a large and active business in the growing of flowers, also in ornamental plants and climbing vines, and are landscape gardeners of practical knowledge and ample experience. They are fully prepared at all times to furnish floral decorations in any tjuantity for weddings, funerals, parties, and all other occasions where they are desir- able, and at low prices. Their collection of plants and flowers is large, rich and varied. They are pleasant and courteous gentlemen with whom to deal, and are highly ref pected in the mercantile and social community, both as tr'i.desmen and citizens. Ferris & Co«« Manufacturers of the Eagle Stean» Washer, 87 Church Street. --Among the prominct industries in the manufacture of household utensils is that of Messrs. Ferris & Co., manufacturers of the Eagle Steam Washer, whose office is located at No. 87 Church Street. The motto of the firm is, " No- hornets complete 'vitlwut the Edible Steam IVasher."^ It is one of the best in the market, and they are given out on trial, so that should the) prove unsatisfactory, , they may be returned and the money refunded ; but they never do prcjve unsatisfactory, and parties who have purchased this wi)nder(ul machine are at a loss to know how they were ever able to get along and dO' O. V. Martin, Saddlery Hardware, 16 Sheppard Street. — One of the prominent and especial indus- tries of Toronto is the manufacture of saddlery hardware for the trade. Mr. G. V. Martin, of 16 Sheppard Street, is engaged in this line of business, and manufactures extensively all the parts of hard- ware necessary for harness. He also does gold, silver and nickel-plating to order, having baths the same as are used in any of the large electro-plating works. His special line of business, however, is in harness hardware. He occupies two floors in what is known as the "Burke" building, which are 120x150 feet in dimensions, and where 311 hands are given employment. There is a foundry and blacksmith's .shop in connection with the establish- ment. Mr. Martin is a native of New York, and learned the busmess of harness hardware manu- facturing at Newark, N.J. He is a thoroughly practical gentleman, and gives his personal super- vision to the work. the work without it. The manufacturers sell then> through local .igents throughout Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and ship to Asia and Turkey. They are also manufacturers of Mangles, Wringers and Wringer Benches, and carry on a very extensive business. The premises are com- modious, being 30x100 feet in dimensions, and employment is given to eight hands constantly. The firm at one time carried on a similar business in .St. Louis, Mo., in connection with the Toronto House, then came to Toronto and started at 78 Jarvis .Street, and afterw.ird removed to their present loca- tion on Church Street. The gentlemen are active and enterprising, and have achieved well-deserved success in the Dominion. L. Rawiinsen, Cabinet-maker, No. 45S Yonge Street. — Among the comparatively new business enterprises that have come into prominence in this section of the city within a year or so is the cabinet establishment oi Mr. L. Rawlinson. In 1885 he opened a shop and salesroom at the eligibly located premises No. 458 Yonge Street, four doors above the Avenue, and during the period that has elapsed since the date indicated has made himself and his productions well and widely known and appreciated. As a cabinet-maker he has no superior and but few equals. He manufactures all kinds of fiist-class cabinetwork and fancy furniture of every description. Art furniture for ladies' paintings and embroideries, | and art work generally, constitute a specialty to j which he has given much attention, and in which he I is particularly skillful. He also executes all kinds of' repairs promptly and in the most workrr mlike j manner. Mr. Rawlinson is a native of England, | and came thence to the Dominion in 1881. He was i bred to the trade of cabinet-making, is thoroughly \ ramiliar with all its branches, and deserves the dis- j .inction and patronage he already enjoys. ' CarSWelE & Co.. Law Book Publishers, 26 and 28 Adelaide .Street East, Toronto. — To enter the establishment of Messrs. Carswell iV Co., law book publishers and dealers, at 26 and 28 Adelaitie .Street East, and view the shelves upon shelves of law books, would remind one of a law library in the Inner Temple, London. It is the only house in the line in the Dominion making such a specially. They are importers, and make law and general binding a specialty. The house was estalilished in 1872 by Mr. R. Carswell, anti was changed to the present firm in 1878. They publish a large number of law books, and in the sales department employ nine hands. The premises, which are nicely fitted up, are 30x90 feet in dimensions, occupying two floors. The firm supply the legal fraternity throughout the Dominion. Eastern I'rovinces, Ontario and the North-VVcst, with law books. Mr. R. Carswell and Mr. Collins are Cnnadians by birth, and Mr. Poole is a native of F.ngland. The position which the gentlemen hold in the business community is an enviable one. "A 160 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. I : I u 4 'a : i Wllsei\ & Cousins, brass l''inishers aiul Machinists, Manufacturers of Soda Water Machinery and Bottlers' Supplies, 97 Adelaide Street West. — The above mentioned firm has been established in this city for the past six years, during which time their business has considerably increased. They started in a small way, but to-day can be classed among the important industrial establishments of Toronto. Messrs. Wilson & Cousins are manufac- turers of soda water machinery and bottlers' supplies, besides being brass finishers and machinists, and are the only manufacturers of water meters in Canada. Their premises are located at 97 Adelaide Street West, and are 20x80 feet in dimensions. The work done by the firm compares favorably with that of any other similar manufacturer in the country. Both gentlemen were born in Toronto, and are intimately connected with its commercial interests. «f TORONTO. 161 rs' supplies, linists, and sin Canada, laide Street The work that of any ntry. Both ! intimately O. Ward, Manufacturing Jeweller, 223 Queen St. East. — Mr. Charles Ward, who is a native of New York City, commenced business in Toronto in 1856, having come here in 1841. Diamonds, rings, masonic and other emblems are made to order, likewise medals of all descriptions, while electro-plating, chas- ing, engraving, etc., form part of this comprehensive business ; repairing of all kinds is done on the premises, and every satisfaction is invariably given. Some time ago Mr. Ward invented an automatic barrel filler, which he has had patented in the United Slates, Eng- land and Canada. It may be briefly described as of the firm is now co-extensive with the Dominion. The premises are commodious, and filled with a large and varied stock. There are two flats 180x30. The stock includes machine twists and sewing silks of all descriptions, of Canadian, English and American manufacture, ivory, pearl, crochet, bone, jet, metal- lic and fancy buttons, in infinite variety ; ladies' and gents' collars, cuffs, tailor's braids ; a large and com- plete line of gloves and mitts, suspenders, elastics, cotton and linen threads, machine and other needles, etc. A specialty of the house are the spool and crochet cottons of Clapperton& Co., Paisley, Scot- land. These goods are of a very fine quality, and are peculiarly suited to all kinds of manufacturing pur- poses. There are all varieties of colors and shades, and they are becoming daily of more general use all over the Dominion. The facilities of the house in all departments are such as give them every advan- tage in the wholesale trade, confining their operations to this special branch of the trade. They are able to buy of the manufacturers direct on the most favorable terms, and are in close relation with the i5roducers in France, Germany and England, and have representa- tive* in Halifax, Nova Scotia, St. John, New Bruns- wick, Montreal and Winnipeg. There are five travellers constantly employed, and some of the largest houses in the city purchase exclusively from Flett, Lowndes & Co. It is needless to say that the members of this firm are thorough business men. Mr. John Flett and Henry Lowndes, the partners, have spent a successful twenty-five years in mercantile pur- suits, and by their indomitable energy and persever- ance, and a thorough knowledge of the wants of the trade, have succeeded in placing the business on a sound foundation. consisting of a tube attached to a valve chamber, through which the liquid passes into the barrel. Inside ■ the tube there is a chamber, also separate from the liquid flow, with a light float which disengages a lever | hook from valve lever, allowing the valve to close ; | on the outside of the tube there is a pinch-screw, with arms to rest on the outside of the barrel, to allow the tube to be inserted more or less in the barrel as required. There is a small friction roller, of great im- portance, for the satisfactory operation of the mech- anism thus briefly described, as the moment the short hooked lever commences to move down the said roller will revolve, consequently avoiding the friction which might be produced by the pressure of the lever hold- ing the valve. The hammer attached to the lever valve strikes the bell when released by the roller arm, consequently the attendant is instantly advised that the barrel is full. Fl«tt, Lowndes ir COi, Manufacturers and Importers of Sewing and Machine Silks, 27 Front Street West. — The firm of Flett, Lowndes & Co. is unsurpassed by any similar business in the Dominion. It was established more than fifteen years ago, and the present style was adopted in 1878. The business dam«S Alison, Merchant Tailor, 264 Vonge St.— The character and volume of patronage accorded a busi- ness man is a sure test of his merits, and prominent among those concerning whom this is a sure criterion is Mr. James Alison, whose large establishment is so centrally located at No. 264 Yonge Street. Mr. Alison is a native of County Antrim, Ireland ; his premises are 24x53 feet in dimensions, and are adapted for the proper display of his splendid assortment of the choicest imported fabrics — fine cloths and suitings, English, Scotch and Irish tweeds, pants, patterns, etc. His influential connections abroad enable him to be one of the first to show seasonable novelties. Mr. Alison has achieved an enviable reputation for the accuracy of fit, perfection of finish, and stylish elegance of all garments leaving his establishment. He brings to bear a judgment, taste and ability rarely equalled, while his facilities for the prompt fulfilment of orders are unsurpassed, employing as he does from 20 to 25 skilled mechanics and assistants. To those who desire the highest grade of custom tailoring, Mr. Alison's establishment commends itself as one. that can be implicitly relied on to furnish faultless gar- ments that shall, in a word, rank superior in all respects. Mr. Alison is a popular and public-spirited citizen, an esteemed member of the Orange Fraternity and Irish Protestant Society. He settled in Toronto in 1868, and entered the establishment df the late Mr. Hugh Mathewson, on King Street East, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the tailoring business, and afterwards commenced business on Yonge Street, at No. 256, for five years, until, busi- ness becoming so extensive, he purchased his present large and commodious premises. tm il^ > -If » s I i ;i Ir 7"-7'^^-^^rrv\"Wv' I w TORONTO. 168 Pew«ll li Parkinson, Dominion Marble and Marbleizing Works, 6 and 8 Gould Street. — One of the noteworthy marble and marbleizing works in Toronto is that of Messrs. Powell & Parkinson, which are supplied with every appliance necessary for the business. Specialties are made of marblcized slate, building, monumental and cemetery work, and granite work in general, which is promptly done in the best manner. This firm are direct importers of marble, granite, tiles, etc., and all the fine and latest patterns are always to be found here. The firm have gained a substantial reputation for their skill in the production of monuments, tablets and memorials', and have erected many of the finer and more artistic specimens, which are to be seen in the cemeteries of Toronto. The trade is large and increases with each current year. The members of the firm are ol differ- ent nationalities, Mr. R. Powell being a native of Toronto, where he was born in 1856, and Mr. Thos. Parkinson was born in the State of New York, and came to this country ten years ago. Both gentlemen are well known and respected citizens of this city, and have been long identified with this business. W> Ha Banfleldi Machinist and Die Maker, 90 York Street. — Representative in his line, and a prominent and respected member of manufacturing circles in the Dominion, is Mr. W. H. Banfield, the die maker and machin- ist. He was born in the city of Quebec in 1844. I|n every feature of the business he excels, and has achieved an enviable reputation. While in Quebec he occupied the position of foreman of the North Shore Rail- way shops while under construction, and left there to fill the position of superintendent of re- pairs in harbor works. The duties of both these trusts he faithfully dis- charged. After he came to Toronto he was also the special commis- sioner appointed by the I Australian Government to inspect the cars built under contract by the Ontario Car Co., of London, Ont., which gave every satisfaction, the Government of Australia testifying in a marked manner their thorough appreciation of Mr. Banfield's services. Eventually he left Quebec to become foreman di'; maker for the Dominion Tin Works, resigning this position to commence business on his own account some five years ago. Starting on a comparatively small scale, having a limited capital, by skill, energy and experience, he has made rapid progress. P"irst located on Front Street East, he subsequently removed to 90 York Street, but the steady growth of his trade has compelled fresh enlarge- ments, and Mr. Banfield has just completed the erection of a new factory on ^Vellington Street, which he now occupies. His old shop was 20x30 feet, his new one will be 45x60 in dimensions, with two flats ; he has also leased another large factory, which he is at present running in conjunction with his own. He employed but six in the old premises ; in his new fac- tory he gives employment to 25 men, and has erected a splendid engine of 40 horse power and a boiler of 45 horse power. Here he has all the latest improved machinery, including the new rope transmission, and is prepared to promptly fill all orders for the cutting of every description of dies of the highest artistic excellence, and durable to a degree unrivalled else- where ; foot power and drop presses, combination and cutting dies, jewellers' mills and rolls, can-makers' supplies, tinsmiths' tools, knitting machines, etc., are made and repaired in the best style, and those of his design and manufacture are in use all ovci the Dominion and the United Slates, Mr. Banfield ship- ping presses as far West .as Kansas, and is filling orders for presses, etc., from Boston. He has now a large order for the famous Kirkwood Grate Bar, and is placing them under the whole of Gooderham & Worts' boilers. Among his inven- tions should be noted the Improved No. 2 Drill, double geared and specially adapted for heavy drilling. Wherever he has exhibited, Mr. Banfield has carried otT the honors, notably among which were the Bronze Medal and two diplomas at the Toronto Exhibition in 1884, and the Silver Medal at the Toronto Exhibi- tion of 1885. Mr. Banfield had to abandon his intention of exhibiting at the recent Exhibition, owing to his heavy contract with the Empress Sewing Machine Co,, of Toronto, and the Simmonds Manu- facturing Co., of New York, for the manufacture of wings, disc tins, fan ventilators, etc. Mr. Banfield has over $10,000 worth of contracts on hand at present, and has every indication of an extensive trade in the future; and with his increased facilities, is better prepared than ever to meet the wants of his growing trade. James Washington, Plain and Ornamental Plasterer, Modeller, etc., No. 28 Victoria Street. — Among the several industrial enterprises that are con- I cerned with ornamentation and decoration, that of which Mr. James Washington is the proprietor is worthy of mention. A native of England, he came to Toronto in 1883, and in 1885 commenced the business he has made so great a success, occupying two flats at No. 28 Victoria Street. Mr. Washington executes all kinds of plain and ornamental plaster work in the best and most satisfactory manner, em- bracing modelling of every description known to the trade, the manufacture of centre pieces, mouldings, etc., and is an acknowledg-d expert in every depart- ment. He personally superintends and supervises all work he undertakes, and his charges are as low as those of any first class workman. A. Mathsson, Chemist and Druggist, 138 King Street West.— Mr. Angus Matheson is now one of the oldest and best known chemists in the City of Toronto, he having been established in business as early as 1853. Mr. Matheson was brought up to the profession in the British army, having served 22 years with the 93rd Highlanders in the West Indies, Canada and elsewhere, with distinction, making several important discoveries In the preservation of leeches for second use, by obliging them to eject the blood they had absorbed, by the simple application of a certain preparation only known to himself and the British medical authorities. For this service he received the Government's recognition. Besides being a pharmacist of long standing and experience, Mr. Matheson is an aurist and oculist, making a 164 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 11 !i specialty of the treatment of the eye and ear, achiev- ing many wonderful cures. He also has several other preparations for the cleansing of the blood and bil- ious attacks. He occupies an extensive store hand- somely fitted up at 136 King Street West, and has a large custom. He is a Scotchman by birth, a mem- ber of the St. Andrew's Society, and an old and respected citizen. Sh«k«sp«ar« Netal, comer of King and York Streets ; J. A. O'Grady, proprietor. — One of the most popular and ably managed hotels in the city of Toronto is the widely and favorably known Shakespeare, located so prominently and advan- tageously at the corner of King and York Streets. This liberally conducted house was established as one of the first in the city about eighteen years ago, 'and is really a new and handsome building, and under the energetic proprietorship of Mr, J. A. O'Grady, has achieved a flattering success and an enviable reputation. The building is most sub- stantially constructed, is one of the handsomest in the city, and is four stories in height, frontage 40 feet on King by 84 feet on York, and affording superior accommodation for upwards of 100 guests. The ladies' and gents.' parlors and the office are all on the ground floor, and elegantly fitted up and furnished in keeping with the requirements of the The hotel has been recently refurnished throughout, and guests will find here all modern improvements and the best of accommodation, in- cluding large and luxuriously furnished bedrooms, and one of the best tables, without exception, that is set in the city. Mr. O'Grady is a liberal purveyor, and every delicacy of the season is served in the best style in the large and airy dining rooms on the first floor. The rate of $1.50 per day is remarkably low considering the elegant, homelike accommodations aftorded. Mr. O'Grady is a native of County Clare, Ireland, and came here in 1867, since which date he has become thoroughly identified with the most progressive section of the community, and is universally esteemed and respected. He is possessed of fine natural abilities, while his experience as a hotel- keeper is a sufficient guarantee to all desiring a quiet and strictly first-class house of entertainment to be at once driven to the Shakespeare upon arriving in the city. Every attention and courtesy is shown to guests, and their stay made as pleasant jas possible. Qu««n Olty Oil Oompany, Machine and Burning Oils, 30 Front Street East. — One of the most prominent houses in the city of Toronto is the Queen City Oil Works, of which Messrs. Samuel Rogers A Co. are proprietors. This house was estab- lished by Mr. S. Rogers in 1878, and has been under his management ever since. They have a fine office at 30 Front Street East, in which nine assistants are employed in keeping the books, etc.; they also have an office at the large works on Princess Street, where the shipping is done and where a portion of the oils is manufactured. They have also an office on Sher- bourne .Street, at the extensive works and warehouse formerly occupied by the John Fisken Co., now used as a manufactory and storehouse for their celebrated "Peerless Oils" and Grease; these goods have received (6) six gold medals during the last three years. They also have a storehouse near the Don River, in which gasolene and naphthas are stored. As the same hands are employed from year to year in their extensive establishments, and each man employed at regular work winter and summer, they are able to get out first-class, uniform oils at a less price (quality considered) than other houses. Mr. Rogers has all along satisfied his patrons by supplying them with the best goods in the market at low prices ; this course has given him the largest wholesale jobbing oil busi- ness in the Dominion. Smith BrOS>, Manufacturers of Carriages, Wag- gons, Sleighs, Lorries, I2i to 127 Duke Street.- Among the old established houses of Toronto st.inds the well-known firm of Smith Bros., carriage and waggon works, which are located at 121 to 127 Duke Street. The father of the present proprietors started the business 46 years ago, which he conducted up till the beginning of 1886, when he retired in favor of his two sons, Messrs. F. W. & S. Smith. The premises occupied are the waggon factory, paint and black- smith shops, and extensive yards and sheds, in all covering about half an acre of ground. The business comprises the manufacture of carriages, waggons, sleighs, carts, and a specialty is made of heavy work such as fire apparatus and lorries ; special attention is given to repairing, repainting and trimming, be- sides custom blacksmithing. Employment is given to 16 competent workmen, while the trade of the firm extends throughout the Province. Both members of the firm are natives of Toronto, and are well known and highly respected. 3' TORONTO. 1C5 Thomas Rus««lla d Sen, Watches, Clocks, etc., 9 King Street West. — The fame of the watches, clocks and chronometers manufactured by Thomas Russells W. eh««a«werth( Merchant Tailor, etc, No. 106 King Street West.— It would be difficult to find a city where the gentlemen are better dressed than in the city of Toronto. This of course is due more to the taste %nd execution of the tailor or cutter than to any other cause, and we do not know of one in the city who does any finer work than Mr, Cheeseworth ; in fact it would be simply impossible to get better work done, and unreasonable to expect better than he does. He makes a specialty of fine custom work, and has the proud distinction of being the only one from this Province who make" a display of "fine order clothing" at the Colonial Exhibition now being held in Lomlon, England, Mr. Cheese- worth was born in England in 1848, and is much younger looking ; he came to this country in 1871, and worked as cutter for a large firm for over three years, when the proprietor sold out and went into the jobbing trade, the bookkeeper going into partnership with Mr. Cheeseworth, under the firm name of Eraser & Cheeseworth, in 1875, which firm was dis- solved after seven years' success by limitation, and Mr. Cheeseworth continued the business on his own account. By close attention to details he has suc- ceeded in building up a fine trade, which is con- stantly increasing, as each new customer becomes a regular patron after their first order. The salesroom at No. 106 King Street West is the embodiment of neatness, and the clothes shown attest Mr. Cheese- worth's good taste in selection. Jamas Robarlaeit ft Co., The Dominion Saw and Lead Works, 253 to 271 King Street West. — The above house, which has now been established as a branch in Toronto for the past fourteen years, is one of the enterprises which has done much to advance and develope our great manufacturing interests. The parent house is located- at Montreal, and branches have been established in St. John's, N.B., Winnipeg, Man., and in Baltimore, U.S., the business of the house extending over the entire American continent. The premises occupied in the Queen City comprise a large three story brick building, 100x150 feet in dimensions, and another 80x110 feet area on John Street, used as a warehouse. The factory is furnished with steam-power from a 75 horse-power engine, with all latest improved tools and appliances, and over 50 hands are kept in constant employment. Saws of all descriptions are manufactured fully equal in quality and finish to any produced elsewhere; and in addition the factory produces all kinds of lead pipe, white lead, putty, lead in bar or pig, etc. The Company also are large importers of plumbers' supplies, saw mill sup- plies, iron pipe and fittings, sheet lead, boiler plates, etc. A specialty of the house is the manufacture of white lead. The house enjoys the highest character for the quality and uniform excellence of its manufac- tures. Mr. Alexander McMichael is in charge of the Toronto branch, which controls practically the Ontario trade. The firm of James Robertson & Co. are too well known, and of the most unblemished record and influence to require further mention at our hands. ' - i "W TORONTO. 167 ountry for was born itury's ex- essential with the A Fudger ;e8 as one a«in«s M«rrl«oni lirass Work, 75 and 77 Adelaide Street West. — Prominent among the brass- founders of this city is Mr. James Morrison, who was born in Montreal, and has been established in this city for the past 22 years. He occupies three floors 30x150 feet, at 75 and 77 Adelaide Street West, and gives employment to a great number of hands. His special lines are brass work of all descriptions, wrought iron pipe, radiators, iron valves, plumbers' ironware, and many other articles too numerous to mention. His is one of the leading in- dustries of Canada, and holds an important place in the representative business houses in the city. The premises are large and commodious, and specially adapted to the work done therein. In a review of the commercial industries of Toronto, the record would be incomplete without mention being made of this leading firm. Th« Aem* Silver Oe.« Manufacturers of the Finest Quality of Electro- Plated Ware, 9 and II Church Street. — In few industries has there been a more rapid increase in a short time than in that of electro-plated ware. Not only has the industry more than doubled itself in the last decade, but the scientific mechanical experience brought to bear on its productions has advanced in an equal ratio with the enterprise itself, till now at the present time first- class electro ware, in appearance as well as durability, is equal to the best silver. The great field opened up in this important branch seems to have centred in Toronto, and amongst the leading houses in this line the Acme Silver Company must be given a prominent place. Though but a young company, having been established in 1884, this house, by its liberal policy and enterprise, and sterling qualities of its manufactures, has steadily pushed its way into the front rank, and continues to do an ever and fast increasing trade, enjoy- ing a widely extended and influential patronage. The works and offices of the company are located at 9 and II Church Street, and consist of a large four-story building 48x120 feet in dimensions, where some 50 hands are employed, all experts at the trade, the pay roll amounting to some $2,000 per month. The manufactory is fully equipped with all the latest im- proved machinery and appliances known to the prose- cution of this industry, amounting in value to $26,000. The energy, capital and knowledge of the business have thoroughly established this house as an important feature in the commercial interests of tlie city. The firm had an exhibit at the Indian and Colonial Exhi- bition in London, a full line of goods of their manu- facture, and they have the honor of taking the gold medal and four diplomas over competitors from India, Australia and the sister colonies. M4ill*. Oubela li Pile, Parisian Ostrich Feather Manufacturers, No. 97 King Street West. — The establishment of Mdme. Dubois & Fils at 97 King Street West, was originally established ei^ht yeaas ago, and since its inception has grown in im- portance and value to the ladies of the community. It is one of the most important in its line in the city of Toronto. Mdme. Dubois is a native of France, and is imbued with that artistic skill and love of the beautiful for which natives of that country are so celebrated. The business of the establishment is the cleaning, dyeing and curling of Ostrich feathers, which are finished in real French style. They also keep on hand a large and elegant assortment of pure ostrich feathers. The following medals, which were awarded at several exhibitions to the firm, speak in the strongest manner for the excellent workmanship of this establishment : Gold medal, Toronto Indus- trial Exhibition in 1883, for manufactured and re- dressed feathers, bronze medal, Provincial Exhibi- tion, London, Ont., 1883, manufacturing ostrich feathers ; silver medal. Provincial Exhibition, (juelph, 1883, assortment of ostrich feathers ; silver medal, Industrial Exhibition, Toronto, 1882, manu- facturing and redressing feathers ; gold medal, In- dustrial Exhibition, Toronto, 1884, ostrich feathers : silver medal, Grand Dominion and 39th Provincial Exhibition, 1884, ostrich feathers ; bronze medal, Industrial Exhibition, Toronto, 1881, manufacturing ostrich feathers. This is a highly complimentary list of prizes to obtain. The premises are large and commodious, and occupy three floors, where employ- ment is given to 10 assistants. Mr. Dubois has lately started a specialty of his own invention in the manufacture of featherftrimming for cloaks, sacques, cuffs, collars and muffs. He occupies the upper floors, and gives employment to 30 assistants. The fact that he receives orders from Paris and London speaks more eloquently than any words of ours can do as to the merits of his goods. Mdme. Dubois is a lady well versed in the intricacies of her business, and has established an excellent custom. Bearding and Day Sehool for Junior ■oyaf 137 Simcoe Street. W. Magill, Principal. — This institution, which was established in 1866, is noted for the thoroughness with which pupils are grounded in all the essentials of a sound, useful English education, and for the careful preparation of those who intend to enter upon a further collegiate course, as also for the judicious training and constant superintendence of their moral, mental and physical well-being. The scholastic year commences 1st of September, and closes 30ih June. Twelve pupil boarders (under twelve years of age preferred) are received, who enjoy all the comforts of a home. Mr. Magill takes a deep personal interest in the boys committed to his care, as does also Mrs. Magill, and thus they are as a father and mother to them when beyond parental care. The dormitories are all that could be desired in point of air and comfort ; they are likewise very commodious and most suitably furnished. Tuition is given to boarders in English classics, French, drawing and music (piano). The piano is thoroughly taught by Mr. Magill, who superintends the daily practice of the pupil boarders. The course of instruction comprises English, 168 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ill i, ) ; J spclliti);, rending, writinKi arilhinetic, grammar, geography, history, hook-keeping, algebra, mensura- tion, Eiiciiii, etc., classics and French ; also music and drawing, if required. The day school opens at 9 o'clock, a.m., and closes at 3 o'clock, p.m. The pupil hoarders' time is engngetl as follows : From 6,00 to 9.00 am., washing, recreation, breakfast, studying lessons ; 9.00 a.m. to 12.30 p.m., at their regular school work in classes, etc.; 12.30 to 1.30 p.m., ilinner and recreation ; 1.3010 3.00 p.m., at 1 their regular school work in classes ; 3.00 to 6.00 p.m., recie.ition, reading books, or like improving! amusements ; 6.00 to 7.00 p.m., leaand recreation ; 7.00 to 9.00 p.m., studying lessons for ensuing day ; 9.00 |i.in., bed. A firm but gentle system of discipline is enforced, and it is found to work admir- ably. A record is kep^ of each jiupil's punctuality, general deportment, degree of diligence and rank in class. Mr. .Magill is a gentleman of wide experience in the education and training of boys. In every respect he is highly (jualilied to be their preceptor. Highly accomplished in point ol scholastic learning, a nature at once firm though gentle, and a manner which is inviting, with a warm disposition, Mr. Magill is unsurpassed as a teacher of boys, and is ably assisted by Mrs. Magill, who also takes a deep interest in the boys, and sees to their welfare in every respect. For thoroughness of work, sound moral train- ing, combined with health, air and happiness, there is no better educational institution in the city for junior boys than that of which Mr. Magill is the principal. K. M. Trewcrn, Wholesale and Retail Gold and Silver Jewellery Manufacturer, 171 Yonge .St., East Side, 2nd Door South of Queen. — The manufacturing retail jewellers' trade in Toronto is very exten- sive, and some of the best artisans in this line can here be found ; among them and ranking first is E. M. Trowern, who founded, along with his late partner A. H. Welch, in 1 880, the establishment well-known as Welch & Trowern. On January of the persent year ( 1886), E. M. Trowern bought his pitrtner out, and has since then carried on the business alone. By strict attention to business, and an intimate experience in all its various branches as a watchmaker and working jeweller, Mr. Trowern has built up a substantial and very tine business. In the factory, two flats 75x20 feet in dimen- sions, all kinds of pure gold and solid silver jewellery are manufactured to fill orders, or for sale in the beautiful store below ; any design in gold or silver, no matter how intri-^ate, is turned out with the utmost perfection, E. M. \ rowern making this branch the leading feature ; here all kmds of the most valu- able watches are repaired and adjusted by thoroughly skilled workmen, and no apprentice or second grade workmen are employed, so that the best watches can be left with him and repaired properly. There are three departments in this business, viz. : manufactur- ing and engraving, watch repairing, and wholesale and retail ; mounting diamonds and precious stones, making gold chains, brooches, ear-rings and all the latest novelties, are executed here ec|ual to any foreign house, ond the excellent taste that F,. M. Trowern displays, as evidenced by the constant amount of Work always on hand, sliows that his natural adapta- tion has been applied in the proper direction. He was born in Toronto in 1858, and educated in Upiier t^anada College, and by integrity and industry, added to his business <|ualities, has attained great proniineiiee among the leading jewellers in Toronto. WMtarn OanadaToan and Savlnga Oe.t 70 Church Street. — The Western (Canada Loan .i, d Savings Company, of Toronto, w.as established 1863, and since its inception has ni.ade most markable and rapid progress. The paid up cap of the Company is $1,300,000, the subscribed capital, $2,500,000; the reserve fund, $650,000; while the total assets are $5,684,000, investecf in first mortgages on real estate securities. To show the progress of the Company, it may be stated that in 1863 the total assets were $12,089, and within the past year (1885), they have advanced over one million dollars. The offices of the Com]>any are located at 70 Church Street. The President is Hon. G. W. Allan, .Sena- tor ; Vice-President, George Gooderhani, Esq. Directors : Samuel Piatt, Esq. ; George W. Lewis, Es(i. ; Thomas H. Lee, Es(|. ; Alfred Gooderham, F^stj. ; Sir 1). L. Maci)her.son, K.C.iNLG. ; Manager, Walter S. Lee, F^stj. In the Savings Bank Depart- ment, deposits are received from $10 and upwards, the highest current rate of interest being alloweil. Debentures are also issued from $500 upwards, run- ning from two to ten years, and bearing interest from day on which principal is received at a special rat" payable 1st January and 1st July in each year. T' Company is founded on the most solid basis, ai one of the most secure in the Dominion. .Manager, Walter S. Lee, Esq., is a gentleman o long experience in finance, having become Manager of the Company in 1864, and is therefore thoroughly competent to conduct the affairs of the Company as has been evinced by the statistics furnished. Mr. Lee IS a Public School Trustee and a Trustee of the Collegiate Institute. He is a member of the Toronto Board of Trade, and a gentleman very highly esteemed by all who have business and social relations with him. Dominion Bank, Head Office, corner King and Vonge Sts., Toronto : Authorized Capital, $1,500,- 000 ; Paid Up, $1,500,000 ; Reserve Fund, $1,020,- 000. — Foremost among the leading institutions of the city, and which has a direct and potential influence upon the business interests of the Province of Ontario, is the Dominion Bank, which banking house is situated in the magnificent building on the corner of King and Yonge Sts. The directors are gentlemen who hold prominent positions in the business com- munity, and merit the confidence of the people ; they areas follows: James Austin, Esq., President; Hon. F^ank Smith, Vice-President ; William Ince, Esq., Edward Leadley, Esq., Wilmot D. Matthews, Esc)., E. B. Osier, Es(|., James Scott, Esq., R. H. Bethune, Esq., Cashier; J. Hamilton Kane, Esq., Assistant- Cashier. The Agencies of the Bank are situated in Queen St. West, Market Branch, Dundas (Brockton) and Queen Sts. Branch, Toronto ; Belleville, Bramp- ton, Cobourg, Lindsay, Napanee, Oshawa, Orillia, Uxbridge, Whitby, East Toron'o. Tho bankers of the institution are : New York, Messrs. W. Watson and A Lang, also the National City Bank ; London, m^ TOUONTO. KID I Knglnnd, the National Hnnk of Scdtland ; Montreftl, the Hank of Montreal. The Imiik doi's a ^;> ncral l)ankin|; l)U.sini'.ss, and colk-ciioris arc made ;it ilie lowfst rates on all points in I'anada, thtf I'niteil States anddreat ilritain. J)ralls on (ireai Urilain and the United Slates are houj^ht andsolii, anil Itlters of credit are issued which are availaMe in I'.iirope, China and Japan. The lilticnth annual st.ucnicnt of the l)anU, made Wednesday, May 26th, iSSb, showed the institution to l>c in a nourishing condition. Themaa'a KHrepsan Hetal and Raatau- ranti 30 Kin^ .street West.- The well-known hotel kept by Mr. Thomas, may well lie deemed one of the institutions of the city. It was estal)lished in 1857, and is therefore one of the oldest hotels anloyinent >eratives. ers, con- a scene le firm is ralia, for and re- i country, yard for where he into his rs in this o a native for eight 3wed with stablished Dry Goods The firm m business ods, is one ave gained olds in the years ago, tions on a thus estab- : Dominion d dealings, ission busi- ale only in the heavy of the firm intial build- ee spacious epth of one mbersofthe ;uben Milli- imercial ex- successfuUy : house is a at Montreal, bus pushing the Domin- trooilens and members of U Outfitter, it of Simcoe Iders ofTo- ling business 3rtions, until In addition Mr. Noverre putation as a lentioned the w no more ; tit out, the ng ago Mr. sloop-rigged man in this ted up and Mr. Noverre il and Indus- oars, models, ry best work- as being one 1 '* ■• Waltpn, Patentee of the Great Surprise Washer and Wringer, 55 Jarvis Street. — Any manufacture that will conduce to the lightening of household labor is one that cannot be too highly commended, and should receive the hearty support of the public. The Great Surprise Washer and Wringer, patented 1883 by Mr. B. Walton and manufactured by him, is simply perfection, and reduces this disagreeable opera- tion of washing clothes to a minimum. The specialty of the Surprise Washer is that it obviates all objections that have or can be made, and is ahead of all other washers and wringers ever offered to the public, no other make being any criterion. Its adaptation has been recognized by the discovering housewife, and the sales have been so rapid that Mr. Walton contem- plates employing machine power to enable him to [ill his orders, the present staff of three men being inadequate to cope with the enormous sales effected by his agents. Mr. Walton is a thorough and prac- tical mechanic, one of the finest in this country, he having invented several agricultural machines ; he followed the same line of business in Listowel, Ont., for some six years, and opened up at his present loca- tion, 55 Jarvis Street, in 1885 ; the premises are brick, four stories in height, and occupy a frontage of 14x40 feet and basement, employing three hands. The success of this venture is assured, and references by the thousand are in his possession ; a free trial to all intending purchasers, and entire satisfaction guar- anteed or no sale, is good proof of this valuable invention. Frsda C> MAltsiltga, Commission Merchant, Importer of German, French and Italian Merchan- dise, 34 Colborne Street. — The requirements of Can- ada, in her rapid growth as a nation, demand imports from other countries, besides the motherland and the neighbouring continent of her cousins across the line. To meet those requirements Mr. F. C. Men- singa, as a commission merchant and importer of German, French and Italian merchandise, finds a big field for the energy and enterprise which so signally distinguish him. The Kingdom of Holland has sent out many of her sons to foreign lands, who have utilized that industrious nature, which seems inherent at their birth, to build up large commercial enter- prises. The gentleman whose name heads this article claims Holland as his birthplace, and has now been located in Canada some five years, having previously gained a general business knowledge of American commerce in the States. Though num- bered among the younger generation of the merchants of this city, his push and perseverance have laid the foundation of a large and substantial connection, which successive years will materially increase. The house occupies a large flat as sample rooms, offices, etc., at 34 Colborne Street. Mr. Mensinga is a member of the Board of Trade. J. T. Culvarwell, Real Estate Broker and Financial Agent, 18 Toronto Street.- -In a country so comparatively new as Canada, and where land is so abundant, the business of the real estate broker is an important one. Among those prominently engaged in that business in Toronto is Mr. J. T. Culverwell, whose office is located in the Canada Permanent Buildings, Toronto Street. The gentle- man is of English birth, and has resided in this country for 30 years ; and was formerly engaged in the produce and commission business ; his land and financial business was established in 1875, and transactions are made in houses, lands, mortgages, stocks and all kinds of pro- perty. Mr. Culverwell negotiates loans, and acts as valuator and arbitrator, which is a most important office to fill. During the time he has been engaged in this line of business he has given entire satisfaction to his clientage, which is abundant proof of his busi- ness capacity. He is well known, and his large real estate transactions have extended over various parts of the continent. A. L. Wlllsen tc Sen, Real Estate Exchange Office, No. 7 Yonge Street, Arcade.— Among the oldest and best known firms in this city in the real estate line is that of A. L. Willson & Son, of No. 7 Vonge Street, Arcade, who have been in business since 1866. They hold a representative place in their line of business, and are thoroughly reliable in all real estate matters. Mr. Willson was formerly Clerk and Treasurer of the township of York, and lor fourteen years his office was located at the old Bay Horse Hotel. He is a Master of Arts of the University of Toronto. He took a full course of study in law with the firm o^Eccles & Cairoll, and his son, Mr. C. R. L. Willson, belongs to the fifth generation in descent from the U. E. Loyalists, formerly settled in New Jersey. After the war their property was confiscated and they moved to New Brunswick, from whence they, with 12 other families, came to Toronto with Governor Simcoe. Among their family connections are the following well-known York Pioneers : Cummings, P'isher, Lawrence, Mitchell, Ashbridge, etc. They are gentlemen well known and highly esteemed in the community. Rsnlsen HeilS«t J. Renison proprietor, corner Queen and .Sackville Streets. — Among those who make a business of catering to the wants of the public in the line of hotel accommodation in the eastern section of the city, one well worthy of mention is Mr. J . Renison, proprietor of the Renison House, which is located at the corner of Queen and Sackville Streets. The building is a neat and commodious brick structure, and is thoroughly equipped and ap- pointed throughout, with due regard to the comfort and convenience of its patrons. The principal busi- ness is done in the dining room and bar, the lodging 174 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. I If' h V V accommodation being limited. The dining room is provided with all the delicacies and requirements which the market affords, and the bar is one of the best, both as regards the stock carried and the neat and tasteful manner in which it is fitted up, to be found in the east end of the city. Mr. Renison is a gentleman who has had a long experience in his line of business. He is a native of the north of Ireland, and came to this country many years ago. In this city he is well and favorably known to his numerous patrons and the general public. ■•nks Bros«« Insurance and Estate Agents, 60 Church Street. — Toronto can boast of having some of the most prominent and influential insurance and real estate agents in the country, who for reliability and integrity, coupled with prompt dispatch of business, cannot be surpassed. Prominent amongst those may be mentioned the firm of Banks Brothers, of No. 60 Church .Street. The firm is composed of G. W. and G. Banks, acting as insurance and estate agents, rent collectors, buying and selling mortgages, etc. Mr. G. W. Banks was formerly connected with the old established house oi W. T. Mason, Esq., official assignee, whose family connections are so well and favorably known in this city. After his decease in 1876, Mr. Banks carried on the same bnsiness, on Toronto .Street, for a time ; it, however, increasing so extensively, he removed to the present location; and under the auspices of their able business manager, Mr. A. Rains, they have acquired a wide circle of social and business friends, which has insured them a successful and lucrative position. Both the partners were born at Liverpool, England, and came to this country in 1862. Laur«ne« OIbb, Wholesale Provision and Com- mission Merchant, 83 Colborne Street. — The pro- vision house of Mr. Laurence Gibb was established in the year 1869, and since that time it has continued gradually but steadily to become one of the leading ones in the trade. The business transacted is a gener- al line of provision goods on commission, besides the wholesale provision business which Mr. Gibb transacts on his own account, and which extends throughout the entire Dominion. He buys straight from the producers, ai^ is thus enabled to sell at first cost, so that his customers reap the benefit. The premises occupied are 38x80 feet in dimensions, and three stories in height, and employment is given to four hands. The provision business in which Mr. Gibb is so largely interested is one of the most im- portant in the Dominion, and requires an extensive capital for its proper conducting. The farms of the east as well as the west are all made tributary to this extensive and necessary industry. Mr. Gibb is a na- tive of Scotland, and inherits all the sterling qualities of that noble race. His premises are at 83 Colborne Street, where a full stock of goods may always be found. S. F> MoKlnnon Ik Oe«t Importers of Millinery Goods, Straw Goods, Fancy Dry Goods, Mantles, Silks, etc., Comer Wellington and Jordan Streets. — Foremost among the wholesale millinery and fancy dry goods houses in Canada is that of S. F. McKinnon & Co. It has been in existence for fifteen years. The style or designation of the firm has several times been changed, but the changes never had a detrimental effect on the business of the firm ; for while a num- ber of other firms in the same line have risen and dis- appeared, that of which Mr. S. F. McKinnon is now the head has continuously increased its business and enlarged its premises. Its position is now a unique one and stands alone, which is due no less to that inherent ability, which understands thoroughly its own business — the millinery and fancy dry goods business is a most precarious and difficult one to deal with — than to that energy which can accomplish, that perception which sees what is wanted, and forth- with meets the changing demands of time. The pre- sent premises of the firm have a frontage of sixty feet, with a depth of eighty feet. There are five flats, which are stocked with every variety of millinery and fancy dry goods ; the stock is rich, varied and com- plete. The permanent staff of the firm in this estab- lishment is composed of 35 hands, while nine travel- lers are constantly employed. They have their own office in London, England, with a resident buyer, who periodically visits the markets of France, Ger- many and Italy. These goods are of a very fine quality. From the foregoing, it goes without saying that while this firm transacts an enormous business, it usually pays cash for the entire stock. «l. A. Atohcsen, Manufacturer of Small Arf Furniture and Fancy Woodwork : Factory, 59 to 65 Adelaide Street West. — In detailing the various pur- suits which are carried on here, and which together combine to make up Toronto's commercial supremacy, we must not omit to mention the establishment carried on by Mr. J. A. Atcheson, at 59 to 65 Ade- laide Street West. He is a manufacturer of small art furniture and fancy woodwork, and has been estab- lished since 1874. The premises occupied by him are 60x150 feet in size, and special machinery is used whereby he obtains a great advantage over his com- petitors in the artistic finish of his work and the expedition with which it can be produced. Mr. Atcheson is a Canadian by birth, having his nativity in Brantford, Ont. He is a gentleman who is highly esteemed in this city, and as a business man he rates at the very highest. f, P. Oarc/f Ready-made Clothing, No. 486 Queen Street West. — The ready-made clothing trade has attained to extensive proportions in the city of Toronto, and one of the newest enterprises in this important branch of industry is that of Mr. F. P. Carey, at No. 486 Queen Street West. This gentle- iiutn is a native of Montreal, where he was born in 1837, and for several years was engaged in a clerical capacity at Cornwall. Subsequently he travelled for a number of years through the States as representative of several business houses, and finally concluded to settle in Toronto. The premises contain full and complete lines of ready-made clothing for gentlemen, youths and children, of the most fashionable fabrics and the most seasonable styles. All the clothing here sold is characterized by the most fashionable cut, and its durability is equal to its handsome and stylish appearance. Popular prices prevail here, Mr. Carey having made up his mind to sell the best goods for the least money at which they can be afforded, and to make quick sales and small profits. He fully under- stands the business he has in hand, has started out upon correct principles of business conduct, believes in fair, honest dealing, and has every reason to con- gratulate himself upon the success that has thus far attended his efforts. TORONTO. 175 il. L. Bird. West End Hardware House, 313 Queen Street West. — It has often been said, and per- haps not without a measure oi truth, that fortune is fickle. But another view of this much coveted dame is that she is the acquisition of the deserving only. If the latter view is the correct One, Mr. Bird has won fortune by merit and by merit only. Although the business in which Mr. Bird has been so success- ful was established in 1865, his advent dates no further back than 1880, but since that time he has done one of the finest hardware trades in the city. Not only has Mr. Bird a large private business, but he supplies the trade largely as well. Out of the six years during which he has been in business, he has secured the contract for the city supplies in hardware for three years. Mr. Bird contmually keeps a large stock on hand of builders' general hardware, paints, oils, glass, cutlery, plated goods, wheelbarrows, grindstones, contractors' supplies, wire fencing, etc., etc. It is a usual thing with Mr. Bird when dealing with a customer, that he never allows him to leave his store without taking something with him ; that is to say, if he does not succeed in selling the customer anything, he makes him a present of something, and thus a good impression is carried away with the pub- lic. For hardware in all its multifarious branches, for courtesy, for reasonable prices, and for first-class goods, no house can be more highly recommended than that of Mr. J. L. Bird. SHillvan Ir Rous*'* Business College and Aux- iliary .School, Room "C,' Yonge Street Arcade. — The importance of Toronto as ati educational centre, and the fame which her institutions of learning have gained throughout the Dominion as well as in the adjoining Republic, leave no doubt of the advanced and superior methods employed in bringing about this end. Sullivan & Rouse's Business College and Auxiliary School, in the Arcade building, is a notable one among similar establishments in this city. Its chief and distinguishing value lies in the fact that it not only thoroughly fits young persons for an active business, but that it enables all who feel themselves too old, or whose daily occupation leaves them no time for studying at a collegiate institute, to pass any one of the examinations that bar the entrance to university or public office. D. C. Sullivan, LL.B., Toronto University, and M. L. Rouse, M.R.A.C., of the English Bar and London and Aberdeen Uni- versities, train pupils, both ladies and gentlemen, at the above address, in Bookkeeping and Commercial Arithmetic, Reporting Shorthand (Ben Pitman's and Graham's systems), every branch of Mathematics, English Grammar, Composition and Literature, and the Latin, Greek, French, and German languages, as well as Natural Science; they also carefiiUy pre- pare Candidates for Matriculations and the Civil Service, Teachers' and other Examinations. Dr. Sullivan was for 25 years headmaster of the High School in Brantford, Simcoe, Dundas, and Markham respectively ; he acted last year as one of the Exam- iners at the Teachers' Examinations ; and, as a news- paper reporter and editor, he has obtained a wide experience in shorthand writing. Mr. Rouse, who acquired the French and German tongues by two years' experience on the European continent, and has lectured upon philology before the Toronto University Modern Language Club, the Canadian Institute, and the American Association, has devoted himself to teaching for several years past with much success. Young gentlemen pupils whose homes are outside of Toronto are received and boarded at Dr. Sullivan's house, in a pleasant quarter of the city. The highest testimonials to their care and success can be shown by both teachers, and their charges, considering the advantages offered, are most moderate. Dr. Sullivan is an Irishman by birth, but has resided many years both in this country and in England. Mr. Rouse is an Englishman of much talent, and author of a remark- able philological pamphlet, entitled "The Number and Nature of Vowel Sounds," in which he sets forth the discovery of four musical scales, made by the true long and true short vowels respectively when spoken and when whispered. A« H.Dixon Ir Son, Nos.303 and 303^ King St. West. — The thousands upon thousands in this country afflicted with the painful and disagreeable diseases of catarrh, catarrhal deafness, and hay fever, would willingly pay part of their fortunes to be assured of the efficacy of any remedy which would ef^'ect a cer- tain and permanent cure. An English physician of forty years' standing came, however, to the rescue, and with his remedy cases hitherto pronounced incurable have, by one or two applications, been absolutely and honestly cured. This fact is borne testimony to by people in the city of Toronto of undoubted reputation and standing. Those who apply it are Messrs. A. H. Dixon & Son, of 303 and 303^ King Street West. The most extraordinary success that has been achieved in modern science can be safely said to be attained by the Dixon Treatment of catarrh, catarrhal deafness, and hay fever. Out of 2,000 patients treated during the past six months, fully 90 per cent, have been cured. This is all the more remarkable when it is remembered that not five per cent, of the patients presenting themselves to the regular practitioner are benefited. Starting with the claim now generally believed by most scientific men, that these diseases are due to the presence of living parasites in the tissue, Mr. Dixon at once adapted his cure to their extermination. The application of the remedy is simple, and can be done at home ; the majority being cured on one application. Mr. A. H. Dixon is a Scotchman by birth, and his son is a native Can- adian. Their offices and residence on King Street are fine buildings, being now occupied by them for some six years past. The Messrs. Dixon are reliable business men, and have achieved a great success. 176 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. i llamas tr FurnasSi Produce and Commission Merchants, dealers in Mess Pork, Bacon, Hams, Lard, Butter, Cheese, Eggs, Potatoes, Hops and all kinds of produce, 72 and 74 Colborne St., Toronto. — Among the firms doing business as Produce and 1 Commission Merchants, the well-known house of James & Furness deserves a prominent position. This firm may claim to be one of the oldest in the city, having been established by J. B. Boustead, in 1852. Success attended his efforts from the first. Increasing business necessitated an addition to the membership of the firm, in which Mr. James, who was an employee for the firm a long time, was then taken into partnership, which was then known as J. B. Boustead & Co., till seven years ago it merged its original identity in the title it now bears, of James & Furness. Mr. John James, who is now its sole repre- sentative, has been associated with the business for fifteen years, and its sole representative for the last four years, and carrying on the business under the style and firm name above mentioned. An English- man by birth, Mr. James has been a resident of Toronto for upwards of thirty years, with whose com- mercial and municipal interests he has been closely identified, while by careful management, coupled with upright and {honorable dealing, he has been enabled to build up a first-class line of customers, whose esteem he has ever held, and a trade second to none, in its particular line, in the City of Toronto. The trade of the house is a most varied one, dealing in all kinds of produce ; hops are always on hand, game and poultry handled in season, and advances made on consignments. Mr. James has been a mem- ber of the Board of Trade for many years. He is at present the Alderman of St. Lawrence Ward, having been re-elected for the past three successive years. He has also held the position of Chairman of the Market Committee for two years. Oarl Martanat Teacher of Music, 4 r4 Church Street. — Mr. Carl Martens is a native of Hamburg, Germany. As a teacher and composer of music, the position he occupies is almost a unique one. He was educated at Hamburg, and at the Leipsic Con- servatory under the famous Carl Reinecke. Arriving in Toronto some six years ago, Mr. Martens has per- haps a larger number of pupils than any other music teacher in the city. He adopts the Italian method of vocal culture, which, while it produces the natural possibilities of the voice, refines and cultivates it. An artist must have mastered the Italian method. The course of music on the piano is a thorough and com- plete one, and comprehends the works of the classical and modern masters. In addition to the piano, Mr. Martens is a professor ot the violin. But Mr. Martens' efforts have not been confined to the study room ; in the true spirit of the musician and com- poser, he has labored to popularize music ; he has frequently appeared before the public; and he has given to the* world several works which bear the stamp of a master. He was one of the principals in the Quartette Chamber Concerts, at the University, Toronto, which have since become the Monday popu- lar concerts at the Pavilion. He was conductor of the Toronto Csecilia Society, at which the music of " Little Rosebud," by Carl Reinecke, was given. Mr. Martens also gave, in June 1885, the Soiree Musicale, held in All Saint's School-room. He, moreover, has been a. somewhat prolific composer of music. Want of space prevents our enumerating a number of the more masterly products, but among them may be mentioned the now celebrated " Gavotte," Op. 23, so often produced at both American and Canadian concerts. In every respect Mr. Martens is a worthy exponent, and perpetuates the traditions of the musical profession. ilehn MeMahen. Merchant Tailor, 39 King Street West. — Among the leading industries of the city of Toronto must be classed that of merchant tailoring. There are a great many of our prominent men engaged in the business, and large capital is in- vested. Mr. John McMahon, of 39 King Street West, is prominently identified in this line, although but four months established in his present place. He was six years with Messrs. Bilton Bros. , of this city, and achieved a well-earned reputation, which has followed him into his present sphere, and whicn is contributing in no small degree to build up for him a large and lucrative business. Mr. McMahon im- ports directly from London, England, all his goods, with the exception of the Canadian, which, like his English importations, he purchases from the manu- facturers, thus saving commissions to middle-men, and is thus enabled to sell to his customers at the very lowest possible cost compatible with quality of goods and good workmanship. The commodious pre- mises occupied are 16x80 feet in dimensions, and employment is given to 12 hands, who are thoroughly competent and reliable. Mr. McMahon is a native of Ireland, and has resided in this country for the past 40 years. He has always been identified with the tailoring interest, and by perseverance and in- dustry has earned for himself a place amongst the merchants of the commercial metropolis of Ontario. Robart Cochran, 6 York Chambers, Toronto Street. — The financial world of Toronto has no better or more influential a representative than Mr. Robert Cochran, formerly of the firm of Scarth, Cochran & Co., well and creditably known on 'Change and on *he street. Mr. Cochran deals largely in stocks, bonds and debentures, in Toronto and New York, and also on margin or cash, in grain and provisions, on the Chicago Board of Trade. He makes a specialty however, in Hudson's Bay and North- West Company's lands, in which he operates extensively. Mr. Coch- ran is a Scotchman, but has been in this country many years ; he is a man of sterling worth and integrity, and respected in all circles. ■■:> TORONTO. 177 Oharl«S Brown, Dominion Livery and Board- ing Stable, Nos. 36 and 38 King Street West. — There is no city in the Dominion that is so well equipped for first-class livery stables and coupe and carriage service as Toronto, which has a number of well- established, first-class stables, furnishing turn-outs that would be taken for private vehicles by anyone ; and one of the very best concerns of this kind in the city is owned and managed by Mr. Charle s Brown, 36 and 38 King Street West. Mr. Brown, who is of English birth, came to this city in 1865, whf n quite a young man, and after a residence here for a little over a year, was satisfied there was an opening here for a -M J« Nynsa li Bro>, proprietors of the Cana- dian Terra Cotta Company and Plaster Cast Works, 88 York Street. — No brancfi of skilled industry is of more direct or vital importance to a community than that of the plasterer and designer of the beautiful ornamental work which characterizes the advanced stages of the trade. In Toronto, and for that matter throughout Ontario, the name of Hynes will ever be prominently identified with the business, and justly so, in view of the results achieved by the original heuse of Messrs. Hynes Brothers, and their successors, Messrs. M. J. Hynes & Brother. The business was originally established thirty years ago by Messrs. Hynes Brothers. Eventually they were succeeded by the present firm, the copart- ners, sons of the founder of the old house, being Mr. M. J. Hynes and Mr. William J. Hynes. The firm brings ample facilities and resources to bear, and occupy ex- tensive premises, their headquar- ters on V'ork Street being most central to King Street and the business section, and comprising the entire four-story and basement building No. 88, 26x160 feet in dimensions, and fitted up hand- somely throughout. In their show rooms is to be seen the finest dis- play in the Dominion of orna- mental centres, cornices and plaster cast work generally, terra Icotta trimmings and fronts, and imported art tiles in great va- riety. Their kilns are situated foot of Tarvis St, , with spacious yards corner of Parliament and Amelia Streets, and another in Ontario Place. The firm's works, outfit and stock all compare favorably with any similar establishment in Europe or the United States. The firm give employment to an average force of seventy-five hands — often many more in the fulfilment of extensive contracts. The most superior workmanship and excellence of material characterises all their contracts, while their splendid "soap- stone finish " has never had an equal. It is the greatest invention of the age in this line, being impervious to moisture, and affording a perfectly smooth polished surface like rock itself, and which no other so-called "hard finish" at all resembles. The excellence of the "soapstone finish" has resulted in their invention of a school black-board, to which it is applied, affording a perfect surface that 180 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. j i m\ I ? cannot be scratched by the chalk. This black-board is rapidly superseding the inferior and cumbersome wooden boards, and must be seen and tested to be appreciated. Terra cutta work of the highest artistic degree of perfection is their specialty, and in which they have distanced all competition. Both in this line and general contract work they have carried to a successful issue the most important jobs in the city, among which we might mention the Mail Building, Urand Opera House, new Montreal Bank Building, Bloor Street Baptist Church, St. James' Square Presbyterian Church, and the elegant private residences of Messrs. Wm. Ince ; Hughes Brothers' residences, Jarvis Street and Rosedale ; E. B. Osier, Dalton McCarthy, and many others too numerous to mention. The tirm are also dealers in builders' supplies upon an extensive scale, everything handled by them being guaranteed of best quality and at lowest prices. Those in need of any description of plain or ornamental plastering, terra cotta work, tiling, etc., can best be suited here, while all orders have prompt attention, the responsibility of the house rendering it a desirable one to deal with. The Messrs. Hynes are natives of Toronto, respected citizens and honored business men, whose success in the pursuit of their legitimate calling is best evi- denced by the fact that they now do a trade of no less than $200,000 per annum, while their concern is of the highest importance to Toronto as one of her great industrial and commercial factors. Th« Montrsal Millinery Establlshmaiit — Mrs. J. Allan manager — 158 Yonge Street. — It is said 'that beauty unadorned is adorned the most ; yet it cannot be denied that dress enhances the fascina- tion of the most beautiful women. In this respect the fashionable milliner plays a most important part. To design and manufacture a beautiful bonnet is an art which all do not possess in a like degree, and so those who are gifted in this particular meet with success. Toronto is fortunate in possessing many excellent milliners, principal amongst whom must be mentioned the Montreal Millinery Establishment, conducted by Mrs. J. Allan, at 158 Yonge Street. The business was established by this lady in 1879. The beauty of her designs, the adaptation of her conceptions in millinery to suit the peculiar styles of the blonde and brunette with the different contours of features, has earned for her a well-merited fame and success ; her custom having more than six times doubled during her business career. The premises occupied by her are most commodious, and a beautiful stock of the latest Parisian, English and American designs to suit all tastes are lavishly dis- played. Twelve lady assistants, well versed in the mysteries of their art, are employed by Mrs. Allan. The establishment consists of two floors, each 30x50 feet in dimensions, the upper being used as the workroom, the lower for the display and sales department. Mrs. Allan is of Scottish birth, but has resided in this country twenty-nine years. She is a lady of pleasing address, and displays considerable business ability, which, combined with her artistic methods, have placed her in her present enviable position in her line. Thomas eiarkSOlt, Family Grocer, No. 86 Queen Street West. — With the families of this sec- tion of the city the grocery store of Mr. Thomas Clarkson is deservedly popular, because he supplies them with first-class groceries at low prices. He has been prosecuting the business more than 17 years, and commands a liberal and permanent patronage. Hia store is located at No. 86 Queen Street West, which is always filled with complete lines of fine staple and fancy groceries, flours, canned goods, provisions, etc. A specialty is made of the best dairy butter, which is held in high estimation and sold in large quantities. Courteous salesmen are at hand to serve customers, orders are promptly filled and delivered to any part of the city free of charge, and the business reccivea the personal attention of Mr. Clarkson. A Scotch- man by birth, he was born in Edinburgh in 1837, and has lived in Toronto ever since he was seventeei^ years of age. He is known and respected for his fair dealing and honest business methods, and merits the patronage and prosperity he has achieved. King If Yoratonf Dealers in Parlor and Bedroon» Suites, Hall Stands, Wardrobes, etc., 23 Queen Street West. — Among the leading industries of Toronto may be mentioned that of Messrs. King & Yorston, whose furniture warerooms are situated at 23 Queen Street West. This business was established 18 years ago, and has greatly developed during that period. The premises now occupied are 30x150 feet in dimensions and four stories in height, and employment is given to from four to six assistants. The firm manufactures and imports parlor suites, chamber sets, dining room and office furniture. Mr. King, the senior partner of the firm, has a practical knowledge of the business, to which he gives his constant and personal attention;: he is a native of England, and is imbued with that native industry peculiar to his race. Mr. Yorston is a native of Scotland, and he, like his partner, inherits those sterling qualities which have made his country- men honored throughout the world. 1 ■1 TORONTO. 181 John Ab*ll, Engine and Machine Works, Queen Street West, near Parkdale. — Second to none in the Dominion, both in size and importance, in the manu- facture of engines, machines, etc., is the establish- ment of Mr. John Abell, of Toronto. The business was established at Woodbridge in 1845 ; but the premises and works there becoming inadequate to the rapif'l' easing business, Mr. Abell concluded to build ' ew works, and selected Toronto as the most centra' ice. This change was effected in the spring of 1886. The site on which the works are built covers an area of about seven acres. The build- ings form three sides of a square, the fourth or open side being to the south, and coming close to the rail- way tracks. Along Queen Street runs the main building 300x50 feet, four stories high, and in it are done the wood-work and painting. The west wing, 250x50, two stories, is the machine shop. The east wing, 150x50, four stories, is the storehouse for the finished products. In the centre of the square stands ( 1 f \ ]'■' I 1 1 j 1 1 i 1 I I f 182 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. the boiler tihop, 120x60; blacksmith's shop, 60x60, the moulding shop, 100x60. The hoist is a very large one, having a platform 25 feet square, with power to carry many tons at once. All the tools and machinery are of the most recent and approved type. Railway sidings run into the works, so that cars can be loaded at tne works. There are some 200 men employed at the works, and agencies are to be found all over the Dominion. A compound tandem con- densing engine, manufactured by Mr. Abell, of 200 horse power, is used, the balance wheel of which weighs ten tons. The specialties of Mr. Abell's estaolishment are portable engines. Mr. Abell was the first to manufacture these in Canada— threshing machines, clover mills, and complete rigs of saw mill engines and machinery. The portable engines of Mr. Abell occupy the highest position in Can.nda. The superiority of his engines is derived not only from ex- cellence of workmanship and skill in construction, but also from the use and control of various patents which he holds exclusively, that enatile him to manufacture and offer for sale a portable engine which is, beyond all doubt, unequalled in Canada. Mr. Abell has been awarded thirteett gold medals, and won every gold medal offered in Canada for port- able engines for which he has competed. An experi- ence ol 41 years in the manufacture of threshing machines enables .Mr. Abell to produce those that stand at the head of their class, and have always gained the highest distinction. Steam boilers are manufactured of every description. The riveting is done with Tweddell's famous patent hydraulic rivrter, which produces a pressure of 60,000 lbs. on every rivet, making the joint like one solid plate. In this department are manufactured all descriptions of boiler work, such as oil stills, tanks, gas-tanks, pulp boilers, rotary boilers, eggend boilers and fire box, stationary, round, tubular, horizontal and upright boilers, either of steel or iron. Mr. Abell is a native of Cheltenham, England, and is possessed of remark- able energy and perseverance, and combines with a keen insight into the requirements of the times a readiness of adaptation. Smith & K«lghl«y, Importers of Teas, etc., 9 Front Street East. — One of the most important busi- ness houses in Toronto is that of Messrs. Smith cS: Keighley, No. 9 Front Street East. This business W.1S established in 1845 by Mr. Smith, who in 1870 admitted Mr. Keighley into partnership. The firm are very large importers of and dealers in teas, I'last and West India produce, and general groceries ; they carry one of the largest stocks of any house of the kind in the city, and their business transactions ex- tend throughout the Dominion, they having five travellers constantly on the road. The firm are also owners of the Canada and Lake Superior .Steamship Line which plies between Collingwood, Port Arthur, Duluth and Lake Superior ; the two vessels of ihe line being the Campana and City of Owen Sound, The opening of the Canadian Pacific Railway has, however, proved somewhat detrimental to the inter- ests of this line, although it still does agooJ business. Mr. Smith, the senior partner of the firm, is a gentle- man of l.Trge busini'ss experience, and has enjoyed a prosperous commercial career. lie is a native of Scotland, having been born in Aberdeen, and came to this country in 1838 with the 93rd Regiment, in whi< h he was a corporal. He served throughout the Rebellion, principally in Lower Can.ida, and at the close o< hostilities, having procured his discharge, settled in Toronto, where nc has since resided. Fie afterwards raised the Highland ' ompuny ol Toronto Volunteers, which was more recently merged into the Quern's Own Battalion. He was honored in the community, who appreciated his worth by electing him a member of Parliament for Toronto from 1863 to 1868, where he served faithfully during the im- portant sessions that made Canadian Confederation a reality. He was at one time President of the Hoard of Trade, and is a member of the Council of that honorable and important body. Mr. Keighley, his {)artner, is also a gentleman highly esteemed in the >usiness community and social circles, and has been an important factor in building up the immense trade of the house. The premises they occupy are 33x180 feet in dimensions, and stories in height, with basement. Employment is given to 20 competent assistants, who have the welfare of the concern at heart. Thomas Tyl«r, Auctioneer and Real Estate Agent, No. 632 Queen Street West. — As a successful representative of the auctioneering and real estate business, Mr. Thomas Tyler is entitled to special mention in a review of the industries of the city of Toronto. He commenced this business some five years ago, and has come into prominence as an able and efficient exponent of it. As an auctioneer .Mr. Tyler gives particular attention to auction sales at private residences, and is noted for his economical charges and prompt settlements. As a real estate agent he has a most excellent, practical knowledge of the condition and value of real estate, and as a valuator, his judgment is sound and impartial. He also gives special attention to the leasing of proper- ties, the collection of rents, the placing of investments, etc., and can be implicitly relied upon to discharge all business placed in his hands with the utmost dis- patch and fidelity. Mr. Tyler was born in London, EnQland, Feb. 19, 1823, and came to Toronto in 1 88 1 ; he did gallant service as an English soldier during the Crimean war, and was honorably discharged as a sergeant and put upon the pension list. He has made many friends since coming to this citv, and commands the esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. R. Stewart, Custom Tailor, 782 Queen Street West. — Robert liurns, the poet of .Scotland, says, "The rank is but the guinea stamp, the man's the gowd for a' that." It can as truthfully be said that the clothes a man wears most frec|uently denote his position in life, and a well-made garment, well-fitiin' and suitable to the person, is most assuredly an ;i tic piece of workmanship, and requiring m it si its production. Among the many n" ha- ' in Toronto is Mr. Robert Stewart, w , man in the business, and a thorough c .n his liij He has been established for the past fui nonths, an gives employment to 10 competent Wikmen. He was born in St Andrew's, Canada, in 1864. le learned his trade with Taylor & Kennedy, u( lis city, and perfected himself in all its details. He was in business in Woodbridge for two years. He started with a small capital, but by energy and enterprise has built up an excellent business, which is constantly increasing. The premises occupied by him are 14x35, feet in dimensions, and handsomely fitted up. ;L TORONTO. 188 Lyman Bre*« tr Co., Wholesale Druggists, 71 and 73 Front Street East. — Few among the old establisheil houses of I oionto's commercial com- munity I an boast of such a record as that of Lyman Jirothers & Co., who are located at 71 and 73 Front Street East. It is over half a century since this concern came into existence, having been established in the year 1832, by Mr. J. W. Brent, in a compara- tively moderate way, Toronto was a very different place commercially, numerically and otherwise, from what it is to-day, but Mr. 15rent founded a good Inisiness, when in 1840 it changed to Lyman, Farr & Co. The establishment was conducted along during the next 30 years with several changes in the /-w«one, who nas been established for the past five years, and whose premises are located at 1038 Queen Street West, cor- ner of Northcote, and another factory at Union Street, Dovercourt, near Dufferin. The premises are 50x80 feet in dimensions, with flat overhead of same proportions. He gives employment to 30 com petent workmen, and uses two horses and waggons. Mr. G. V. Burgess has charge of the Dovercourt fac- tory. Besides the manufacture of sash doors, blinds, etc., Mr. Rathbone deals largely in planing, sawing, niatchings, etc. He u.tes a 25 horse power steam engine to run his machinery. He was born in Eng- land, and came to this country nineteen years ago. He i.s a practical man and full of push and energy, and has succeeded in building up an excellent business. John Wanleaa & Sona, Hardware Merchants, House Furnishing, Tinware, Stoves, Furnaces, etc., 46 and 48 Queen Street, Parkdale. — The business of John Wanless & Sons, of 46 and 48 Queen .Street, Parkdale, was established in 1880, although the firm had been previously one year in Guelph in the same line. It occupies premises 36.\6ofeet in dimensions ; twostores and cellar, with a tinsmith shop inrear 18x36 feet in dimensions, andin which establishment lohands 184 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. i i\ arc employed. They deal extensively in general hard- ware, tinware, stoves, paints, oils, etc., and are agents for the celebrated Diamond Stoves and Range.'. Their business is not confined to Parkdale, but also into Toronto and surrounding districts. The senior mem- ber of the firm, Mr. John Wanless, is a native of Scotland, while the sons, Mr. John, jr., Thomas G. and \Vm, J., are Canadians by birth. They are Practical and enterprising business men, and are uilding up a large and lucrative business, which is a credit to the town. The above tirm have sold out their hardware, paint, oil and tinware business to Messrs. C. J. Brown & Co., of Toronto, and have gone into the furnace and heating business exclusively, with office and workshop on the corner of Queen and Lisgar Streets, Toronto, where they purpose carrying on same on a much larger scale than previously. They are the sole manufacturers in Toronto of the " Economy Heater." — J. Wanless & Sons. V. P. Huill|lhr«y, Undertaker, 309 YongeSt.— The undertaking business conducted by Mr. V. P. Humphrey, at 309 Yonge Street, has been established since 1879. Mr. Humphrey has a large patronage from the leading families of this city and surrounding districts, being considered one of the best and most considerate of any in his line ; he has had long experi- ence in every detail of the business, and in the quiet management of funerals has no superior in the city ; he takes entire charge of the obsequies intrusted to him, and furnishes everything, from the mourning badge to the casket and carriages, and the opening of graves, etc., so that mourning friends need have no extra trouble in the hour of affliction. He keeps in stock coffins, caskets and other funeral requisites, which he furnishes at the lowest possible prices. Mr. Humphrey is highly respected in the community, and is connected with some of the leading families of Canada and the United States ; while as a proof of his business reputation amongst his fellow citizens, he has just been appointed by the Chief Magistrate of Toronto to the position of City Undertaker. J. Pittman TORONTO. 185 facilities for the prompt filling of all orders for the home delivery or exportatioii of ali descriptions of white pine and hardwood lumtier and deals, likewise lath and shingles, and annually handle many millions of feet of the choicest quality of clear stuff, their growths of timber being specially adapted for the pro- duction of superior lumber. Mr. Christie is a native of Scotland, who came to Canada in 1846, and has contributed very materially during the intervening period to the prosperity of the Dominion. Mr. Kerr was also born in Scotland, and settled in this country in 1854, since 1866 having been actively engag-d in the wholesale lumber trade, Both partners are popu- lar public-spirited citizens, alive to the welfare and prosperity of the community, and in every way merit the large me.asure ol success attending their ably directed efforts. Edmund Seh*U«r, Wholesale Jeweller, 11 Wellington Street West. — An interesting and ever active business is that of the wholesale and manu- facturing jeweller.' Toronto can boast of some establishments in her midst which can compare favorably vvith those of any city either in the States or the Dominion. The latest addition to the ranks of those engaged in this industry is Mr. Edmund Scheuer, so long and favorably known in the neigh- boring city of Hamilton as a partner in the firm of Levy Brothers «& .Scheuer, with which house he was associated for fifteen years. Mr. Scheuer was born in Germany, and afterwards located at Paris, France, where he was for many years manager of a leading commission house. Migrating from France, he settled in Hamilton as a partner of the Messrs. Levy. The energy and business experience of the new partner soon opened up a large and extended commercial connection, which placed the firm in the very foremost rank of wholesale jewellers. A few months since Mr. Scheuer severed all connection with. the H.imilton firm, and established himself at the spacious premises he now occupies at 11 Welling- ton Street West, where in his large warerooms he carries a full stock of English, German, French and American goods of the latest design and improve- ment. Fashion rules the jewellery market in a most fickle manner, but Mr. Scheuer is ever alive to the situation, and meets the demand with a ready supply of the latest fashionable goods to suit all classes. Though but a few months in the city, Mr. Scheuer has met with a success beyond his most s.anguine expectations. A prominent ^iiember of the Hamilton Board of Trade, it is to be .issumed that his name will soon appear on the list of the Toronto Board. Gray commenced the manufacture of men's overalls, undressed shirts and men's cotton clothing of various kinds ; but about four or five years since the demand for ladies' skirts, bustles, etc., revived actively, and Mr. Gray, being the pioneer in this trade, again entered the field ; this hus been followed from time to time by the production of all styles and grades of ladies' underclothing, and many other items con- sidered indispensable by the la, Tanners, Importers and Leather Merchants, 39 Front Street East. — Among the many large and respectable concerns in the city of Toronto, the firm of ISeaidmoreand Co., 39 Front Street East, occupy a prominent position in the leather trade. This business was established by Mr. inventions and devices have been brought before the j Geo. L. Beardmore over 50 years ago, at Hamilton, public in the last few years for the purpose of extin- 1 and in 1855 was removed to Toronto, occupying at guishing fires at the outset, but none have attained to j that time premises on Vonge Street. Their present such an enviable reputation for efficiency and cer tainty as the grenades known as the Harden Star Hand Grenade. Messrs. I. L. Carr & Co., of 53 Jarvis Street, are the sole agents and managers for the Dominion of Canada. The Harden Hand Gren- ade consists of a glass globe hermetically sealed, filled with a chemical fluid, which does not deterio warehouse is 28x250 feet in dimensions, and has been occupied by them for the past five years. They em- ploy about 30 hands. From a comparatively small beginning the business has steadily increased, until to-day it is probably the largest in its line in the Dominion. They make a specialty of tanning sole leather for the custom trade at their extensive tan rate with age, is not affected by any climate, will resist neries situated at Acton, Ont., and are also large a temperature of 40 degrees below zero, and is ])ei - ; dealers in leather for both harness-makers' and shoe- fectly harmlfss to fabrics and human beings. The \ makers' use, shipping their goods to all parts of the contents of these grenades, when thrown into or upon \ Dominion. Mr. Geo. L. Beardmore is a native of fire, vaporize immediately into immense volumes of England, and has resided in this country over 50 fire extinguishing gas, in which combustion cannot years. He has retired from the active management possibly exist. The Harden Star Hand Grenade Fire Extinguisher Co. was the first to intro- duce Grenade Fire of the business, which is now conducted by his sons, Walter D. and Geo. W. Beardmore, who are well known in the market, and enjoy the confidence of the trade and the respect of all who know them. Extinguishers in the | They are members of the Toronto Board of Trade. world, and is the only | Hughea Broa., Wholesale Importers, corner original perfect Gren ade. It has been used with the greatest suc- cessin over 10,000 fires, Vonge and Melinda Streets, Toronto ; 81 Peter .St. 1 Manchester, England.— Outside of the metropolitan cities of the continent, no city shows the same com- and has saved more life i mendable enterprise in the grandeur and magnitude and property than all of its wholesale establishments as is displayed by the other Fire Extinguishers business men of Toronto. Few thoroughfares in any known to the world, : city devoted to the mercantile trade are lined with as and has est;iblished a i many handsome houses to suppl) the wants of the reputation for grenades ; public as are two or three of the leading avenues of that was never equalled J this city. Among the leading houses of the city will by any other Fire Ex- I be found Hughes Bros., the wholesale importers of tinguisher. Caution — dry goods, woollens, etc. Tiiay occupy the mam They find that in many | moth bui'ding corner of Vonge and Melinda Streets, country towns in Can- 1 the building having four floors and a basement, ada there are springing up worthless imitations, seek- ' 32x210 feet in dimensions. It is about 30 years ago ing to make a few dollars out of the public through j since Messrs. Hughes Bros, started in the retail busi- the reputation that the Harden Star Greiiade has , ness on King Street. Their business increased so made through its success ; they therefore ask /ou to \ rapidly that they outgrew their premises and investigate for yourselves, that you may understand j moved to their present quarters, where they estab- the difference between the old original Harden ^'tar ' lished the.nselves as importers and wholesale Grenade and the so-called grenade now being offertd \ dealers. In the twenty years they have been in Canada. The offices of the Company are locateil 1 there they have added extensively to their different as follows : Canadian Office and Laboratory, 53 1 departments, which now embrace, among others, Jarvis Street, Toronto ; American Office and Labora- i silks and velvets, shawls, British, American, French tory, 51 and 53 Dearborn Street, Chicago; New ! and German woollens and carpetings imported from York, 84 West Broadway ; San Francisco, 16 Second ! some of the leading manufacturers of flngland and Street ; Philadelphia, 7 1 5 Chestnut Street ; London, I the continent. The firm carries everything in its line, i:l* 102 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ■! :1 ■; ! li I 1 1 its annual sales running into the millions. It has always conducted business on true business principles, dealing on small margins and making it a point to so deal as to retain its patrons, many of whom are as old as the house itself. Messrs. Patrick and U. B, Hughes were born in Newry, Co. Down, Ireland, and are descendants of the old Welsh Ancient Britons who settled in Ulster before the Reformation in England. They have resided in this country 40 years. Thnt they are thorough business men can be judged from the immense trade they now enjoy. They are amongst those who may truthfully be called Toronto's representative men. Th« Olub Ohambcrs, Mr. J. O'Oonohue, proprietor, 85 York Street (next to Rossin House). — The popular and influentially patron- ized Club Ch.ambers embody all the comforls of a bachelor home with the service and comforts of a first-class hotel, and Toronto is to be con- gratulated upon having located in her midst such a creditable establishment. The Club Cham- bers were opened two years ago by Messrs. J. Murray & J. O'Donohue, in response to a pressing demand for the same. Since the retirement of Mr. Murray, Mr. O'Donohue has remained sole pro- prietor, and has conducted the Chambers upon his well known liberal and honorable policy. The premises are most centrally located in York .Street, next to the Rossin House, and comprise a substan- tial four-story and basement building. 25x150 feet in dimensions, and containing thirty-four most elegantly furnished and comfortable rooms. The hotel is solely for gentlemen, and nowhere are they better suited as regards fine rooms, cleanliness, good board, with all the delicacies of the season, coupled with a low tariff of charges. The patronage of the Club Chambers is from the most influential circles of the public — lawyers, merchants, bankers, etc. It fills the same want in Toronto that the well-known "Benedick" and " Cumberland " apartments do in New York. Mr. O'Donohue is a native of County Tipperary, Ireland, and has been a resident of Toronto since 1853. For over twenty years he was connected with tde Rossin House, his executive talents being shown in the thorough system of organization which pervades all departments of the popular and liberally patronized Club Chambers. S. Si Mutton It Co.. Lumber Merchants and Real Estate Agents, 23 Adelaide Street East. — The lumber interest forms one of the most important de- partments of our industrial resources, and located in Toronto are some of the oldest and best established firms in the Dominion. Prominent among these stands the name of S. S Mutton & Co., who have now had a business career extending over a period of nearly fifteen years. The head of the firm, Mr, Samuel S. Mutton, has spent the largest portion of his life in the Queen city, where he has a first-cl.iss commercial connection. The firm, as well as dealing extensively in lumber, do a general real estate busi- ness, effecting many large and iraportant transactions in this line. Pleasant offices at the above address are occupied, and every attention paid to the details of the business of both lumber and real estate. F> Resar, Undertaker, 240 King Street East.— The business of the undertaker is one tailing for great judgment, sympathetic feeling and tact, Al 1 these qualities are possessed in a large degree by Mr. F. Rosar. undertaker, who is located at No. 240 King Street East, in this cit^. The business was established in 1861 by Mr. Solitaire, who continued it until 1869, when he was succeeded by Mr. Rosar. He was born in 1839, at Trier, on the Rhine, in Pru.ssia. The premises occupied are 22x1 18 feet, and are Bpacious and commodious, and employment is given to five assistants. Mr. Rosar is a gentleman eminently qualified for the particular duties devolving upon him, and conducts the funeral ceremonies with the utmost satisfaction to friends of the deceased. It is a vocation for which Mr. Rosar is peculiarly htted, being gentle in disposition and decided in character. That he has built up his present standpoint is sufficient evidence of those qualities which have so recommended him to the public. Whit*. «les«lln & Co., Wholesale Lace Mer- chants, 7 Wellington Street West. — One of the many Toronto houses whose history is well worthy to occupy a page in this work of useful information, is the old and popular establishment of Messrs. White, Joselin & Co., which in its character is unique, as being not only the largest importers'of laces and embroideries in Canada, but also the only house con- fining its trade chiefly to the importation of lace and embroideries. This business was founded in 1870 by Mr. E. O. White, the senior member of the firm, who served a long apprenticeship in the lace districts of England, of which country he is a native. The industry of lace is a peculiar one, requiring special training ; that Mr. White has no hap-hazard know- ledge of the intricacies of the large business so suc- cessfully established, is fully proved by the very satisf.ictory position the house occupies in commer- cial circles. Beginning in a comparatively small way, Mr. White soon exerted an extensive influence in business communities, and in order to keep pace with a rapidly extending trade, it was necessary that he should associate with himself others, not only to furnish additional capital to successfully finance a growing business, but to more fully meet and divide the responsibilities of the business. In this matter, tact and discrimination were shown in associating with him the Messrs. Joselin Bros. , gentlemen who, born in Toronto, had gained a most enviable reputa- tion, in business as well as in social circles, for in- tegrity, perseverance and commercial ability ; the firm In its new constitution being known as White, Joseiin & Co. Under its present administration the trade of the house, ever on a sound business basis, has most materially increased, till it has now attained its proud position as a leading wholesale establish- ment, known far and wide for its liberal dealings and enterprising spirit. The building occupied by the firm is located at 7 Wellington Street West, where, for the purposes of their trade, they occupy five large flats which are wide and spacious, at the same time light and elegant. The stock is large and complete in every detail, there being thousands of designs, in laces in all grades of quality, in remarkable variety. In the gathering together of such high-class goods, the duty of buyincis no sinecure ; in this department Mr. E. J. Joselin IS eminently successful. Mr. Charles Joselin, who superintends the finances of this impor- tant house, is a member of the Board of Trade. His long experience in office work has given him a grasp of monetary matters which has 1 argely contributed towards making the credit of the firm stand so high in European markets. TORONTO. 108 OharUa Oluf h«, Surgical Machinist, ii8 King Street West, Toronto ; corner Main and Huron Sts., Buffalo, N. Y.— He who alleviates pain or makes a permanent cure, certainly has the fervent "God bless you " of the afflicted one ; and one who devotes his whole time and energies, coupled with mechanical skill, to the alleviation of suffering and the cure of Bandalarl, Mediterranean and West Indies Produce, 50 Front Street East. — A careful review of the larger business interests of the city jf Toronto de- velops the existence of a class of houses in every respect ecptipped to compete, in the several lines they repre- .sent, with similar establishments in this or any other city in the Dominion. Among the leading importers of foreign fruits in Toronto, spe- cial mention must be made of the old-estab- lished and well-known house of Mr E. Bendelari, at 50 Front Street East. This gentleman has been established in business for the past 19 years, and makes a specialty of iniponing, on order, Mediterranean pro- duce, such as raisins, figs, nuts, currants, oranges, lemons, etc. He is agent for the leading shippers in those lines in France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Turkey, Portugal, Arabia, etc. Also a large importer of sugar and coffee from the West Indies, and has special facilities for prompt delivery of all orders sent by cable from the various points. He imports entirely for the whol^salc n>er- chants throughout the Dominion and the principal cities of the United States. Mr. Bendelari is a native of Italy, and now holds the important office of Consul in this city for that country. He is a gentleman highly esteemed by all with whom he is acquainted . j Samuel ilamaa & Co., Roofers, 12 /Victoria Street. — As representative of an / important branch of industrial pursuits, the house of Messrs. James & Co. may be ap- i.../i" propriately mentioned as the leading one in -."J^' Toronto engaged in the manufacture and / -'^ sale of Actinoliie Cement and Gravel Roof- ing. This house was founded in Montreal some fifty years ago by Mr. William James, who took out a patent for this special line of cement roofing. The patent soon ob- tained favor with builders and owners of property. Its popularity has spread in every direction, and its extended use has only added to the esteem in which it is held. Among the pecu- liar advantages this roofing possesses is its power of resisting the action of corroding chemicals, and its great durability in comparison with other roofings, lasting in the ratio often years to five, all work being guaranteed. Mr. William James, the founder of the house, was born in Cornwall, England, coming to Canada at an early age. The firm under its present constitution consists of Mr. Samuel James & Co., and are s\iccessors to the Montreal house, this enterprise being a new one in Toronto. Mr. James was liorn in Devonshire, England. Amongst the notable build- ings roofed with Messrs. James & Co.'s patent may be menioned the whole of the Canadian Pacific Railway Co.'s buildings at Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Port Arthur, Fort William and other points ; the Domin- i ■i k! i H 194 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ion Hridge Works, at Lachine; Mnnning Arcade, Toronto; House ol Commons (a portion), Ottawa; The People's Loan and Deposit Co., Toronto ; and hundreds of others too numerous to mention. Wnia H«3sin, Biscuits and Confectionery, 7 Front Street East. — One of the oKI-establi hcd and well known and popular business houses of Toronto is that of Mr. William llessin, of No. 7 Front Strcpt Fast. Mr. llessin has been established since 1854, and since its inception the business has steadily grown in importance. All kinds of biscuits and confectionery of the purest and best grades are manufactured, nothing but the finest grades of material being used. In the manufactory 150 compe- tent hands are given constant employment. The size of the premises are three stories and basement, each 50x180 feet in dimensions, which arc fitted up with the requisite machinery and appliances for the proper conduciirp of. the business. The goods manufactured by this popular house find a ready sale throughout the entire Dominion, and are well known in the trade for their excellence o( quality. Mr. llessin is a native of England, but came to this country in early life. lie has, by strict attention to business, and going entirely on the principle of making nothing but the purest of goods in the market, built up a large and still increasing trade. He is a member of the Hoard of Trade, and is liighly esteemed in the commercial community for his strong business qualit es and honorable methods. Royal Canadian Inauranea Oempany— File and Marine — 56 Front Street East. — Mr. (Jeorge McMurrich has long been regarded as one of Toronto's representative business men. As a member of the firm of liryce, McMurrich & Co. he was associated with a leading dry goods establishment, from which ass.iciation he retited some eighteen months ago, assuming the management of the Toronto branch of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company, with head- quarters at Montreal, and which operates in tire and marine assurance. The competition in insurance is- very keen in Toronto, and with so many equally sound companies doing business at the lowest rates con- sistent with the financial safety of the corporation, it becomes more a rivalry between agents than between institutions. Viewed in such a light, the Royal Can- adian is to be congratulated on having as its repre- sentative a gentleman so well and favorably known as Mr. George McMurrich, who has already influenced a considerable increase in the oiierations of the Com- pany. The business of his office, which is confined to the city and vicinity, is largely patronized by old established property owners, and is rapidly increasing year by year. Mr. McMurrich is a native of Canada, is a member of the Board of Trade, and in addition, holds several prominent positions, being a director of the West Assurance Company, director of thf Boiler Inspection and Assurance Company, and also chairman of the Toronto Public School Board, of which he has been a member for eleven years. Tha Wlllama, Oraane Ic Roma Company, Manufacturers of Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, 26 and 28 Melinda Street. — The firm of The Williams, Greene & Rome Company have been established for the past five years in Toronto, at Nos. 26 and 28 Melinda Street. They are manufacturers of shirts, collars and cuffs, and the style and quality of their manufacture cannot be surpassed by any house in the Dominion or the United States. The celebrated makers of Troy, N.V., do not excel in any particular the work done by this firm, as is attested by the immense amount of work turned out and sold through- out the entire Dominion. The premises occupied in this city are 36x60 feet in dimensions and four stories high. Their factory is located at Berlin, Ontario, arid is 40x80 feet in area and four stories in height, well lighted and suitably adapted to the requirements of the business. Employment is furnished to 250 competent hands. The firm have travellers on the road, who report the demand for their goods on a constant increase. Tl are enterprising and ener- getic, and full of busi. _j snap, and are building up a large and lucrative business. TOUONTO. left Oompany— -Mr. George ofToronlo's HL-mber of the vas associated t, from which months ago, )nto branch of ny, witli hcail- tes in tire and n insurance is. equally sound 'est rates con- corporation, it i than between he Royal Can- as its repre- ably known as ady influenced ns of the Coni- ich is coiilined ronized by old )idly increasing live of Canada, id in addition, ing a director I director of •ce Company, Public School nber for lieverk ises occupied in and four stories ierlin, Ontario, ories in height, he retjuirements rnished to 250 ravellers on the eir goods on a ising and ener- are building up- Toronto SllVOr Plate COm Manufacturers of Silver and Electro-Plate, 410 10426 King Street West. There is no other business industry of which llie city of Toronto may be more justly proud ihan that of the Toronto Silver Plate Company, whose CNtensive premisis are located at from 4(0 to 426 King Street West, and consists of a splendid brick buililing three and a-half stories in height, with a frontage of 1 20x240 feet in depth, counting the ells. Here employmeni isgiven to no experienced work- men and girls. The workmen are mostly American, English and .Scotch, who have spent some time in similar works in the .States. The business was incor- porated in i88a, with a capital of $100,000.00. The present directors of the Company are \V. II. Uoalty, Esq., Prtsident ; Alfred Gooderham, Est] , Vice- President ; E. G. Gooderham, Escj., Manager ; Jnu. C. Copp, Esq., .Scy. -Treasurer ; G. Harrison, Esq., \V. II. Partridge, Esq., David Walker, Esq., W. T. Kiely, E'-ij., Wm. Thomson, Estp, James Web- ster, Esq., Frank Turner, Es<|., C.E. The Com- pany manufacture all kinds of silver and electro- plate ware of the finest quality and design. They also manufacture some goods to order in solid silver, but their special line is table ware. They keep travel- lers on the road who .sell throughout Canada, Hrilish Columbia, North-West, and the Maritime Provinces. On the first floor of the building are situated the offices, rolling room, ]iacking and c:asling rooms. On second floor is the burnishing room, where some burnishing is done on laihfs with bloodstones and the rest by hand. Then there are the engraving, spinning, buffing, turning and soldering rooms, and the rouge and buff room for cleaning ; on the third floor the rouge buffing, sand buffing and wrapping up is done, and the stock is kept. The Company also manufcictureslargely forthe undertaking trade, and has a contract with a leading Coffin Manufacturer to fur- nish him with $12, 000 worth of coffin mountings per annum. This is the only Company in the Dominion who manufacture directly from the raw material, the others importing the "blanks" from the .States, necessitating the payment of a duty of 25 ))er cent., which is saved by the Toronto Silver Plate Company, as they make the blanks them.selves. That the Com- pany have all the appliances for turning out work expeditiously and well may be learned from the fact that they received an order at 10 o'clock one morning from a hotel for an entire .'service of tableware, and the following evening at si\ it was on the hotel tables, although when the order was received the service was still in embryo in the plate. The managers of the Company are all Canadians, with the exception of Mr. Co|>p, who is an Englishman, but came to this country when very young. They are gentlemen of great executive business ability, as the success of their enterprise asserts. Tho Merso Soap company, Manufacturers of Soaps, Candles and Lard Oil : John Taylor, I'ro- prietor. — In such an article of prime necessity as soap, purity and fpiolity are of the greatest possible importance. These are the sjecial features which distinguish the prominent kouse of The Morse Soap Company, manufacturers of soaps, candles and lard oil. The business was founded 15 years ago, and the firm's factory, which is situated at the Don, is fully equipped with every modern a|ipliance and facility, giving employment to a large force of operatives in the production of the finest toilet and laundry soaps. The quality of the soaps manufactured by the Morse Co. is unsurpassed by any other house in the Do- minion, their fine toilet soaps being equal to any of that imported. The a'erage weekly output of soap manufactured by this Company is about 150,000 |)ounds. They also manufacture washing crystals, as well as lard oil and candles. They sell throughout the entire Dominion, and having an established name for excellence and superiority over all others, find a ready maiket. The establishment occupied by the Company at 77 Front Street East is 40x250 feet in dimensions, and four stories in height, with base- ment, and employment is given to 40 hands. John Taylor, Es<|.. is the present protiriutor of the Com- pany, it having previously been Morrison, Taylor & Co. In connection with the soap factory, Mr. Taylor is also proprietor of the Dominion Dyewood and Chemical Co., being sole agents for the leading Ger- man and English manufacturers of fine aniline dyes. They also import and manufacture dyesluffs, dye- woods, dyewood extracts, acids, chemicals and mor- dants. They are the only makers of the celebrated York.shire scouring and fulling soaps, cotton .seed and neutral oil soaps, anii pure lard oils. They make a specialty of pure aniline dyes, Engli.sh, (Jerman and French makes, dyewoods and dyewood extracts, 100 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. fi I : •1 . i ! )''.n);li.sh indigo extracts, Ennlish and French cud- hears, fast navy blue and muidnnt for wool, fast im- perial l)lues, H. and K. (patenteil) for wool and cotton, fast new brilliant scarlets (Levinstein & Camp- hell's), fast new one-dip colors for cotton (patented), and many others. Mr. Taylor was horn in Stafford- shire, En(;land, and came to Canada ahout 30 years ago. lie is a gentleman highly esteemed hy the community at laige for his executive al)ilities, busi- ness tact and enterprise and strict integrity, and they have given expression "to their recognition of these qualities by having elected him three terms a member of the Hoard of Aldermen for St Lawrence Ward. He was elected by his confreres Chairman of Markets and Health Committee two years. He was also a member of the Board of Works, and has filled the chairmanship of the Public Library Hoard. He was one of the first promoters of the latter excellent public benefit, and, in conjunction with Alderman Hallam, was instrumental in thus benefiting the Toronto public. OlllMpI*, Anslay Ik Martin, Wholesale Dealers in Hats, Caps, Furs, etc.. 28 and 30 Welling- ton Street West. — The history of this firm is one of continuous progress, which business capacity, com- bined with energy and successful enterprise, have during the comparatively short period of six years developed to a r>.-markable degree. The costly and elaborate sealskin garments such as this firm deal in are a class of goods which can be handled successfully only by the few. That the business ol this firm has continuously increased, the sales of last year- -which were twenty-live per cent, in excess of the sales of the previous year, which again had been an increase on the sales of the year before that — form sufficient proof. The business was established by J. Gillespie A Co. some 21 years ago, when an unpretentious store was opened on Yonge Street, the Gillespie of the then firm being a brother of the senior member of the present firm. After a period of years, the style of the firm was changed to Gillespie, Mead & Co. F'or fifteen years altogether an appreciative trade was carried on, and about the close of that time the business was trans- ferred to the commodious premises on Wellington Street West, still occupied by the present firm. Shortly afterwards the old firm retired and the present one was established, when, almost simultaneously with the infusion of the new blood, a brisk step was made in advance. The block, which has a frontage of 50 feet by a depth of 120 feet, has one of the finest business Ironts in Toronto ; ii is built of Ohio blue stone, and is of a highly finished and ornamental char- acter, v^'ithout being of any specific form of architec- ture. On the upper floor, where all the furs arc manufactured, no fewer thiin 60 girls are employed ; in the warehouse 20 men find constant employment ; while the travellers, six in number, are of the highest qualification, no expense being spared to secire the very best on the road. The firm art- the agents for the famous Christy London hats ; and another specialty, of which there is always a large and rich assortment in stock, are ladies' sealskin garments. That this firm does a large business, the average yearly turn- over of between $300,ckdo and $400,000 bears ample testimony. Mr. Gillespie, the senior membt-r of the firm, is a native of Ireland, having been born at Wicklow, near Dublin. He came to the New World when quite a boy, and received his commercial train- ing in a New York house. He is a gentleman of enviable business capacity, with a thorough know- ledge of the iletails of his business, and he well deserves the high reputation which he enjoys among the business C(minuinity at large. Mr. Anslcy ana Mr. Martin are natives of Canada. They had betili connected wiih the old firm for a long period of years before becoming connected with the present firm, thereby becoming the practical men of the establish nient. Th« Muskoka Mill an4 Lumbar Oom* pany, Room 17, the Arcade, 24 King Street West. — Tlie lumber trade of this section is one of the heaviest and most important factors in the industrial activities of the city of Toronto, and its leading representatives belong to the most enter- prising and energetic class of our business mt-n. Conspicuous (or the extent of its trantiactions. The Mu-koka Mill and Lumber Company was incorpo- rated unilcr the laws of the Province of Ontario in 1875. Its capital is $150,000, with a re>erve fund of $100,000. This Company owns about 270 stpiare milrs of pine lands on the Georgian Hay, and has located extensive sawmills there, which, with the vessels engaged in carrying their lumber, give constant employment to some 200 men, and handles large quantit es of lumbi r. The facilities of this Company for filling the largest orders at short notice, or under- taking coniracts to supply any amount of lumber, are unsurpasstd, and every demand made upon its resi urces is promptly met and fulfilled. Its resources are of such a character that it i-i able to offer the most favorable inducements, and can afford rates not easily duplicated. Mr. A. H. Campbell, the proprietor, is a native of Scotland, and has been a resident of the Dominion since 1845 ; he is a gen- tleman of great energy and excepiional enterprise. His office is in the Arcade, 24 King Street West. J. B. Allan & Co. (late Ross & Allen), Im- porters and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in General Hardware, 156 King Street East.— This well-known hou.se has been established nearly fifty years. It was first founded by Mr. John Mead in 1838, and successfully carried on by him until 1874, when the business was purchased by Messrs. Ross & Allen. In 1884, by mutual consent, the partnership of Messrs. Ross & Allen was dissolved, Mr. Ross retiring, and Mr. J. B. Allen continuing the business under the name and st^le of J. B. Allen & Co., who, as heretofore, are carrying on a large and increasing hardware trade. They carry a full stock of bar iron, steel, blacksmiths' and builders' supplies, agri- cultural implements, glass, paints, oil, etc., and they import most of their goods direct, which enables them to sell to their numerous customers at very low rales. Their store is a commodious one, three stories in height and built of brick, with an exten- sive, frontage and saleroom At the rear and adjoin- ing the saleroom is their spacious warehouse, which is used for the storage of iron, steel and heavy hard- ware. Mr. J. B. Allen was born in Cumberland, England, and has been in this country since 1856. He was in business for twelve years in Malton, Peel County, in a general store, before entering into his present business here in 1874. He is well known in Toronto, and has earned the reputation of being a thorough hardware man. TOIIONTO. lOT tleniun of tjh know- (I he well >y8 among nsley and had lictiti )d of years sent firm, establish T« 0« Festsr ft Oo.t Importers uf U|)h(il.sieiy slamling of the Noitli Hritish .V Mercantile Insurance Goods and Carpets, Raw Silks, Cashmeres, ^ilk aiul i Company. U. N. (loorh, Km|., is the Manager of Wool I'luslies, |6 Colborne Street. —AmcmL'si the old the Company for the Toronto Hrancli, and has huM .....i.ii^k-.i ...,u..i........ i:._, . -.1 .u . ..:... .i.^V 1 -1' / • I .1 •' i.< 1 . I ■ . ir 1 .-. . . .L - established upholstery tiinis ol the city, that of T. t Foster & Co. deserves especial rect (;nition, ilatinjj its birth back some i6 years, when, under the title of Smith & Wilby, it commenced operations in this city. Six years ago the business passed into the tiands of its present proprittors, Messrs. Foster &. Pender, under whose able administration the hrm has gained a greatly increased trade, bei ig now himly settled in the ranks of the leading upholstery houses of the Dominion. This house occupies lar^jt and spacious warerooms on Colborne .Street, uiili/.in(j four llats for the requirements ol their business. Mr. Foster is ofKnglish birth, Mr. I'ender of Scotch, liut the blending of the respective representaiives ol the rove and the thistle has, in the case of Messrs, I'oster & I'ender, been a most happy one. Both gentlemen have for a lon»{ time been residents in ihis country, and possess business (jualiticatiuns of a high ami varied nature. The firm makes a specially of up- holsterer's supplies, comprisinij carpets, raw silks, cashnttres, silk and wool plushes, and do the leading trade in these goods throughout the Dominion. North British & Mareantll* ln*Hr«ne« Oompany : K. N. Gooch, Esq., Manager. To- ronto can lay claim to having many of the must re])re- sentative banking institutions and insurance com- panies in the Dondnion. Their name is a synonym for all that is staple and well coiuUictcil in financial matters. Prominent among the Insurance companies is the North British iN: Mercaiiiile Insurance Cumpaiiy, one of the most solid institutions of the kind in the country. It was eslablishud in Kdihburgh, Scot the position with honor to himself and profit to the l,'onipaiiy for the p.ist 25 years. lie is a native of Fnglarid, but has resided in this country for over 30 ye.'irs, where he is held in high estimation by the community. R. Seer* li Sen, Merchant Tailors, 77 King Street West. — Few there are among the merchant tailors of Toronto who can show so long a record of business success as that of Messrs. K. Score iV Son. This. business was established in the year 1842, and since its inception has steailily increased in pationage. The work executed by the firm is of the liest; it is artistically made and well fitted, and sal is faction is in every case guaranteed. A full stock of the best imported goods from England and Scotland is constantly kept to select from, of the latest pat- terns and very best material. The premisesoccupied are 23x150 feet in dimensions, the workshop being in the rear. The number of hands employed by the firm is 10 in store ; they alsogive employment 1040 journey- men, who do work o.it-'ide. The custom trade of the fnni extenils throughout the Dominion, and the excel- lence of their work has earned for them a well merited success ; and upright dealing and honorable busi- ness methods have won the esteem of the community, .Mr. R. J. Score is an active member of the Toronto Hoard of Trade, the interests of which institution he is zealously striving to atlvance. Demlnlen Bridge Ce., (Limited), Manufac- turers of Iron and Steel Bridges. — This important industry was founded in 1879, and, as it is at present land, in 1809, and from that period steadilv grew in 1 conducted, has attained a magnitude and importance favor with the public. During the five years ending I beyond the conception of those who are not directly 31st December, 1880, the ])remiiims reccivctl on fire | connected with the business. It was originally known ))olicies amounted to ^'4,535,1 18 lis., and the losses | as the Toronto Bridge Company, but the present Com- to ^^'2,607,384 IIS. 5d. During the period from 3ISI i pany extending their field of operations throughout December, 1880, to 31st December, 1S85, lliey were as follows; Premiums received, ^^5. 41 15,545 12s. lid.. thus showing an j ;)y premium-., of and the losses £3,29S'S79 6s. 5 increase in business, as exhibited ;^88o,427 Is. 1 1(1. The Life assurance fund amounied, at jist Decembir, 1885, to ;f 3, 592,628 is. 8d., being an increase during the year ol ;<,'i34,032 2s. lul. This fund is separately invested, and is, by Act of the whole of Canada, it was named more appropriately the Dominion Bridge Company (Limited). The pre- mises occupied at 735 King Street West are very extensive, and Irom 70 to 150 hands are employed, according to the number of contracts on hand and under operation. The Company manufactures iron anct steel bridges for railways and highways, iron roofs and turntables, iron piers and trestles, and all Parliament, set aside specially to meet ihe claims ' other kinds of structural iron work. The most of the arising under this branch of the Company's business In the annuity bran h, during the year 1S85, 142 bonds were issued, securing the yearly sum of ^'7,406 14s., for which the Company received the sum of /70 641 2s. 9d. by single payment, and ;^I34 IS. 4d. by annual payment. During that year iron and steel used by them is imported from Europe. They have built bridges for the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Grand Trunk Railway and 18 other lines, and also for nearly all the leading municipali- ties in the Dominion. They built the big cantilever span for the St. John's Bridge and Railway Extension 69 ani^uities expired, relieving the Comjiany of the , Company at St. John's, N.B., which is 810 feet long, sum of ^3,604 17s. 4(1. yearly. During that year, 1 and is the largest and only span of the through although one ol the most severe tests was applied in I type in the world. They are also building the making an examination of the affairs of the Company, ! Lachine bridge over the St. Lawrence river, vhich they were found to be in better condition than ever [ has a total length of 3,513 feet and is for the Atlan- before, and an increased bonus to policy-holders was declared. The Company is on the most solid of foundations financially, and conservative in its manner of business. The Piesident of the Company is His Grace the Duke of Roxburghe ; Vice President, His Grace the Duke of .Sutherland, K. G.; Extraordinary Directors, Right. Hon. Lord Wolverton, Right Hon. Lord Northbourne, Right Hon. the Earl ol Strath- tic and North-West Railway Conipan) . The Com- pany have works at Lachine and theii legal office is at .Montreal. The President and Chief Engineer of the Company, Mr. John Abbott, is one of the veteran bridge engineers of America. The officers of the Toronto works are: Phelps Johnson, Esq., Manager; W. H. Taylor, Esq., Secretary; and Eli Alder, Esq., .Superintendent. The business of the Company is more, and Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen. This continually extending, and the character of their work is sufficient guarantee of the reliability and financial I is of the most satisfactory kind. i- ■ ! ■; ill i I .. J ' 1 ^1 HI I! 198 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. W««« Toronto Plumbing Works: W. J. Burroughes, I'lumberand (jas-Filter, 315 Queen Si. West. — Mr. Uurroughes is one of the oldest established plumbers in Toronto. In addition to a large plumb- ing and t;as-liuiiig busnuss, Mr. Ijuriou^hes makes a specialty o' steam and hot water heating and fine sanitary plumbing. Many of the best houses in the city and country have been heated with steam and hot water by him, and his reputation for this class of work is very '.-if-; the whole of his work is, in fact, of a superior .ju.-'.li.y. He is one of the best known plumbers in the city, and enjoys an extensive and superior patronage; his stock, which is a very full and complete one, consists of boilers, radiators, beau- tiful gas-fixtures, fancy colorea globes and lamps. French and American, etc. The premises are large and commodious, and a number of men are kept con- stantly employed. Much space might be occupied in dealing with Mr. Kurroughes' extensive operations and the excellent quali.ics of his t^or!., but he is so well known to the Toronto public that any further comment would be entirely out of place; suftice it to say that he can cope with any local contemporary, both as regards extent and nature of work. Mr. Burroughes is an Englishman, but it is many years since he made Canada his home. He has also had a wide experience throughout the United States, and many prominent buildings have been fitted up by him. He is a thorough man of bu ■'■icss, practical, energetic and enterprising : he has a,' !. timate know- ledge of all the details of the plumbing business, and always give- all work entrusted to him his strictest personal supervision ; and although enjoying the support of a 'arge trade, is always ready to treat with new customers who have not yet paid him a visit. T. Masshodor, Practical Boot and .Shoe Maker, 251 and 252J King Street West.— Mr. T. Massheder, the subject of this sketch, is a native t'f Pickering, Yorkshire, England, where he was brought up to his present business with his father, Mr. Levi Massheder, a gentleman widely known in connection with the boot and shoe industry of that city. He came to Toronto a year ag'i, and shortly afterwards commenctd busi- ness at his present commodious establishment, Nos. 251 and 251^ King Street West, whire he has a most desirable location and a neatly arranged workshop, and gives employment to three assistants. Mr. Mas- sheder gives special attention to gentlemen's custom work, and al.so repaiiing of all descriptions. He uses none but the very best of stock, employs only first-class workmen, and gives his personal super- vision to all goods made at his establishment. Mr, Mas.'heder is a young man of energy and business ability, and duriirg the short time "that he has been established here has built up a large and lucrative trade, which is steadily i., creating. Jamas Poplar ft Son, Dealers in Leather Findirgs, Hides and Tanners' Supplies, 51 F'ront .Street East. — Leather is one of the staple articles of commerce, and scarcely a civilized human ueing bi t what uses it in one form or another, whether it be in the form of boots or shoes, saddles or belting. Many are employed in its manufacture, and many in the buying and selling of it. In 1877 the house of James Peplcr & .Son was estal)lished at 51 Front Street East, in premises 35x100 feet in dimensions and three stories in height, with basement. They I .il in all kinds of leather, both lorcign and native, for u.se by shoemakers, harness maki rs and others. They al.so deal in all kinds of tanners' supplies. They give employment to four assistants, and have two travellers constantly on the road in disposing of their goods, which they sell all over the Dominion. Both Mr. James I'epler and his son are natives of England, and have been in this country since 1868. Mr. I'epler has been alderman, representing St. Pe trick's Ward, and is also vice-president of the Conservative Association, and is connected with many others. They are thorough business men, honorable in all their transactions, and have won the confidence and esteem of the community. Buntin, Reld fir Co., Wholesale Stationers, Paper, Envelope and Blank Book Manufacturers, 61 and 63 Yc:ige .Street. — The above firm is certainly one ol the largest and most widely known manufac- turers of paper, blank books, etc., in the Dominion, having been established over 30 years. Their ware- rooms in Toronto are located at Nos. 61 and 63 Yonge .Street, in a sulistantial brick structure of four stories high. The mills 'are situated at Valleyfield, and are five in r.umber, built of .solid stone, and give constant employment to 300 hands. Some idea of the magnitude of the business may be gathered from the fact th^ . the mills turn cut an average of seven tons of paper a day. The Company own over 1,000 acres of wooded land, and have facilities such as enable them I , cut wood in the morning and have it transformed '.(.o paper before night. Mr. John Young Keid, the head of the firm in Toronto, is a native of Scotland, but has been 40 years in this country, being now 60 tears of age. He is one of Toronto's must prominent and successful business men, and is a i tirector of the G/o/>e Printing Co. , the Canada Landed Credit Co., the British American Assurance Co., as well as other large corporations. He is a man of sterling worth and ability, and is much respected. TORONTO. 199 Ip to his [ishecler, the boot Toronto busi- ft, Nos. a most ^kshop, Mas- |cusiom He fys only ■ siiper- . Mr, iisiness ts been I'crative Rob«rtsen Bros., Wholesale Confectioners : Factory, 83 to 91 Queen Street East.— The manufacture of confectionery is a very interesting process, especially as seen in a large establishment. The tlifferent departments for the "pan" goods, the jelly and the cream goods, are each an interest- , ing study to the novice. The large manufactory of Robertson Bros., wholesale confectioners, is situated at 83 to 91 Queen Street East, in this city, and occui)ies four floors, each 120 feet frontage by 100 feet deep. The confections are made from cane sugar only, and orders are received for from 51b. packages to a car-load, the goods going into every part of the Dominion, from Nova Scotia to British Columbia. On the first floor are situated the oftice shipping and packing departments, and in the rear is the engine and boiler room, and the " pan " room, the room in which the " pan " or hard finished goods are made, of which the company make a specialty. In the basement, which is half the size of the other floors, is the chocolateroom, where all the whitecream goods are dijjped, and the chocolate creams, which ! are so toothsome, are produced by the process. On the second floor is the cream room, where all tiie cream goods are manufactured ; also the lozenge department, of which about 2,000 lbs. are made per day. On the third floor are the boiling rooms, of which there are two, each 40x50 feet in size, and lofty, with every facility for turning out every kind of boiled candy, of which kind about 10,000 lbs. are ' manufactured per week. On the fourth floor is the ! "gum " room, where the jujubes, marsh-mallows and , all other kinds of jelly goods are made. In a side room a busy corps of Amazon.^, girls of fourteen years to women, are industriously doing up candies in papers with marked rapidity, the goo Sohnsldcr & COa« Engineers and Machinists, 12 and 14 Pearl Street. — Among those engaged in this line of industry is the lirni of A. Schneider & Co. The business was established in 1883, and since its inception has been steadily on the increase. They for Incurables at Parkdale, the Bank of Montreal in this city, which is a most beautiful structure, and has been most favorably criticised by all who have seen it. It is favorably situated for observation at the corner of Yonge and Front .Streets ; also St. Luke's Church and Trinity College Chapel. These are only I a few among the many artistic structures these gentle- men have (lesigned and erected. It is claimed by many of the most competent judges that Mr. Darling is the best church architect in the Dominion. He is a Torontonian by birth, and a gentleman highly esteemed in the community. His partner, Mr. Curry, is also a gentleman of great ability, and has been a material help in building up their present honorable and lucrative business. He is a native of J'ort Hope, Ontario. manufacture iron and woodworking machinery, hoists and patent water nioters, also patent elevator attach- ments. The work done by this firm is not surpassed by any in Canada, and is highly recommended by all who have their machines in use, and all orders placed in their hands can be thoroughly relied upon. Mr. Schneider is a native of Germany, but has resided in this Province for several years. He is a gentleman well known and a competent mechanic. He has improved upon many of the motive powers in use, and his improvements have been acknowledged as very useful to the mechanical arts. Brown & Lev*. Builders and Stone Dealers: Wharf, foot of Hay Street. — The business which has been carried on by this tirm for eleven years was estab- lished some 30 years ago. Some of the finest build- ings in this city have been erected by this firm. To convey some idea of the nature of Messrs. Brown & Love's contracts, it is only necessary to mention a few of the magnificent structures in Toronto e'ected by them, namely : Building of British American Assur- ance Co., Western Assurance Co., Dominion Bank, Cas Company's Office on Toronto Street ; Mail Build ing, Scottish Chambers, St. [atnes' Square Presbyterian Church, Manning Arcade, McMurrich's Block, Yonge Street ; Fisken Building on Wellington .Street, and a splendid lilock of warehouses for Mr. Wyld on the corner of Wellington and Bay Streets. The same firm erected the structure of the Canada Life Assurance Co., Hamilton, a Gothic pile, and the magnificent I'ost Office building of the same city. Darling & Curry, Architects : Office, Mai' Building. — The beauty of the architectural structures of the city of Toronto are not only objects of admira- tion of her citiz'!ns, but of visitors generally. Many of the business structures, as well as public buildings and private residences, can favorably compare with those of any city on the continent. It is to the genius and artistic ability of her architects that this happy condition of affairs is due, as well as to the liberality and public spirit of her citizens generally. Prominent amongst the most important and best architects of the city is the firm of Darling iV Curry, whose office is located at the Mail building, on Bay Street. The business was cfiablished six years ago, but Mr. Darling had been previously in business for himself in Toronto. To mention a few of the build- ings this firm have erected will be sufficient proof of the high standing for ability which these gentlemen hold in their profession. They have built the Home OeOa Soett, Grocery and Provision Dealer, 753 Yonge Street. — Not any liranch of business has under- gone greater changes than that of groceries and provisions in the past twenty-five or thirty years. I'"ew and simple were the articles of groceiy merchan- dise then, though sufficient for the demands of the inhabitants of Vorkville, now merged in Toronto ; the matrimonial name of the fori. now being St. Paul's Ward. The motley mixture of the " grocery" of the olden time has disappeared — the day from "a needle to an anchor" has passed way. Notwith- standing, the variety is still great. Invention has been liusy here. Staples and delicacies, in season and out of season, are to be found in the well kept store. The premises which he erected for his business are 25x75 feet, and feed store in rear of these. Since the year 1858 he has established himself by having a well-selected stock and buying always tor cash ; and by reasonable prices and honest principles, courtesy to customers, promptness in delivery and industry in business, he retains customers to-day since 1858. lie enjoys a very large patronage. .Specialties in his business a'e choice selections of ^Tocha and Java coffee, ground on the premises. Tiie ingredi- ents for a good cup of tea arc found there j breakfast tereals in large variety ; butter, eggs and cheese, best brands of family and pastry flour ; a large assort- ment of Christie's famous biscuits. The guiding principle with (!. .S. in buying is not " i.s it cheap ? " but " is it the very best ? ' He has in his feed store a constant supply of oats, corn, wheat, barley, bran, shorts, hay and straw. VVe have every confidence in recommending Geo. Scott as your family grocer. TORONTO. 208 eal in id has seen at the dike's only cntle- ed by arling He is lighly .'iirry, )een a )rable lope, >...^^m^'''^^mw''m^^^^<. ^\- 'Z^S Sun kite Assurance Company of Canada, A. H. Gilbert, Manager, Western Ontario, 33 Ade- Jaide Street Eas'. — In a review of the various manu- facturing industries, banking institutions, etc., it is necessary to mention also the insurance companies, among which the Sun Life Assurance Company holds a leading place. This Company was established in May, 1871, the head office being at 164 St. James i Street, Montreal, and the Western Ontario branch at 1 33 Adelaide Street East, Toronto, of which Mr. A. H.Gilbert is the efficient manager. The assets of ! the Company, ircluding capital, amount to $1,411,- ' 004.33. rhe development of the Company has been : very rapid and steady. In 1874 the income was $64,073.86 ; the assets $621,362.81 ; and life assur- j anccs in force, $1,786,392.00. In 1885 it was — income, $319,987.05 ; assets, $1,411,004.33 ; and life assur- : ances in force, $7,930,878.77. This is certainly a very speedy and remarkal)le increase. During 1885 ' 1,722 life policies were issued, amounting to $2,328,- 149.84. In the accident branch 1,028 policies for $1,715,500.00 were issued. The total income was ' $3'9.987.0S ; assets, $1,411,004.33 ; total disburse- ■ ments, $196,309.39 ; total liabilities, $835,465.46 ; paid uj) capital, $62,50000 ; surplus over all liabili- ties and capital stock, $75,538.87. One feature of the Sun Assurance Company, which no other Com- ; pany in Canada has, is that their policies are uncon- ditional. Th^ Directors of the Company are Pre>i- ' dent, Thomas Workman, Ei,q. ; Vice-President, A. i F. Gault, Esq. ; Robert Anderson, Esq., Hon. A. W. Ogilvie, Esq., Alex. Mcl'herson, Esq., W. [. ; Wiihell, Esq., S. H. Ewing, Esq., J. S. McLachlan, Esq., R. Macaulay, Es<|. ; G. W. Wilkins, M.I)., , M.R.C.S.E., Chief Medical Officer; R. .M.icaulay, | Managing Director. The ninnager for Western Ontario, Mu A. H. Gilbert, is a gentleman well \ quali'ied for the position, and under his able ' supervision the business of the Company is rapidly ' extending. He is a Canadian by birth, and highly esteemed by the Company and the community. Kolih %L FItxslmonSt Gas Fixtures and Artistic Brass Works, 109 King .Street West, — One of the oldest established and best known business houses in ; the city of Toronto to-day is that of Keith \- FUz- > simons, who are located at 109 King S'rtet West. As far back as the year 1851 the business wa-; estab- lished by Mr. I). .'^. Keith, when the city had not a.ssunK'd anything like its present proportions. From its inception, however, it has gradually grown with the growth of the city, until to-.l iv il stands without a peer in its line in Toronto. Tnrc* yoar^ .igo the firm name was changed to that of Keith & I'ltzsimons Mr. Keith retiring and Mr. Fi.zsimons and -Mr. Alexander Keith continuing the business. The firm are manufacturers and dealers in gas-lixtures and artistic brass work ; they also manufacture the gaso- line gas machines, which are especially adapted for gentlemen's country residences, counlry churches and factories. They do all kinds of slcam-filling and plumbing, and carry a full line of steam-fitters' and plumbers' supplies, svhich they sell at wholesale and retail. The premises occupied are 'jne building in front, four stories and basement, 25X 1 ;!0 feet in dimen- sions, used as salesrooms and office on ground floor, and stock and workrooms above, and a three-story building in rear, used as a manufactory, 25x130 feet in dimensions. The trade of the house exteni's through- out the Dominion. Employment is given to from 75 to 100 competent and skillul workmen. In rear of the office, in front of ground floor, is a handsomely fitted up show room for chandeliers, brackets, gloltes and all o;her such kinds of gas-fixtures. Mr. Keith is a Canadian by birth, and Mr. Fitzsimons is a native of Ireland, although connecteil with the business here over 25 years. Both gentlemen are practical and busi- ness men, who have built up a trade that is creditable to themselves and worthy of the progressive city of Toronto. John W. L. Forster, Portrait Painter : Studio, 81 King Street East. — The portrait bsconies high art when the characteristics and personality and presence of the subject are brought out. Mr. J. W. L. Forster, the subject of this sketch, is without doubt one of the leading ]5ortrait painters in Canada to-day. He is a Canadian l)y birth, and has been a passionate student of art from his childhood; he was a student under Hridgeman at the age of 18, in Toronto. Leav- ing Canada, he went to Paris, P'rance, where he studied under the famous artist 15ougucreau for four years. Mr. Forster's abilities are recogniz.ed as well in I* ranee as in this country. Me was there admitted to the salons in Paris. General (iuepratt, of the French army, is one of his patrons. He received a commission from .Mr. McArthur, M.P., of London, England, which was a flattering recognition of his ability. His special forte is portrait painting, although he is also excellent in genre work. Some of his leading works in portraiture are those of Mrs. Goldwin Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Cawthra, the banker, and Mr. Robert JafTray ; he has also painted portraits for Mr .Ma^sey, of the Massey Manufacturing Company; the late .Mr. Edward ''iurney, of the E. iS; C. (Uirney Stove Works; and Mr. Peter McLaren, of the cele- brated Streams and Rivers Hill which passed through the Privy Council. His studio, which is situated at 81 King Street East, and where he has been estab- lished since 1 883. contains many choice specimens of his art, the result of his untiring study and practice of his profession. During these three years he has gained a popularity which extends to many cities of the United Sf.ites. Tho Central 9ink of Canada, 51 Yonge Stree'..— Among the lately esialilishe'l t)anking insti- tutions in the city of Toronto is the Central Hank of Canada, which has been established since l884. It was founded by a number of gentKnien well known in business and financial circles, and whose names in connection with it are a sufficient guarantee of its stability and conservative methods of business, ! 204 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ! I '{' security being more desired than extended financial transactions. The paid up capital is paid up $500,- 000 and the rest $25,000. A general banking busi- ness is transacted. The cashier, Mr. Allen, is a gentleman of acknowledged ability as a financier, and endowed witli executive ability of a high order ; he has been connected with the bank in his present capacity since its inception, and under his manage- ment the business of the institution has steadily increased. The following gentlemen constitute the Board of Directors : David Blain, Esq., president; Samuel Trees, Esq., vice-president; A. McLean Howard, Ksq., D. Mitchell DcDonald, Esq., C. Blackett Robinson Es(i,, Kenneth Chisholm, Esq., and H. P. Dwight, Esq. Branches of the bank are established at Brampton, Guelph, Durham, Richmond Hill, Yorkville, and 288>^ Yonge Street, this city. The bank promises to take a leading position among the financial institutions of the country, and be a credit to the city. Canadian Mutual Aid Asseolatlon— Life Assurance — 10 King Street East. — The business of the Canadian Mutual Aid Association has been estab- lished since August 24, 1880, and their headquarters are located at 10 King Street East. The ofilicers of the Company are as follows : William Rennie, Esq., President; A. GifTord, Esq., Vice-President; \V. Pemberton Page, Esq., Secretary; E. 11. Ililborn, Esc|., Treasurer ; K. H. Robertson, M.D., Medical Director; Geo. H. Watson, LL B, Solicitor ; S. W. Hill, Esq., Membership Superintendent; J. P. Bull, Esq. The nature and objects of this Company are a mutual insurance company, whereby those insured may leave to their families or those dependent upon them sufficient provision in the hour of need. It is an assessment system of life insurance, being specially adapted to farmers, mechanics, clergymen, and those depending upon salaries. This Conqwny is registered under the Dominion Insurance Act, and conies under the inspection of the Insurance Department at Ottawa. The average cost of insurance by this Company is estimated to be from $20 to $25 per annum (on account of insurance from one to three thousand dollars, accord - ini; to age of individual). The anmunt of policies in force at the present timeamount toah >ut $10,000,000, while the claims paid since organiz.i;. 11 were $125.- 000, and the number of policies in 1 rce are 3,800,- : The Mutual Aid is one of the il. ' ^ and best sys- tems of life insurance, liuing about ohL-half the expense \ of the old line companies and equally as safe. The j managers of this Company are gentlemen who are • well known and respected in the community, and who can be depended upon to look well and truly after the interests of the insured. Every day makes the record of the mutual assessment companies more stablt;, and in the near future this system will be accepted a--, the only solid and economic one. The Federal Life Assurance Company of Hamilton, Ontario: Br.anch, 56 Voni^c strc^-i Toronto. -Among the important business interests of Toronto, insurance lia> >o vital a hearing on all other interests as j entiile it to some notice here. Of the Insurance iiniianies occupying a high place among the solid and substantial companies of the Doininion there are none more jKjpuiar than the Federal Life Assurance Company ol" Hamilton, Ontario, of which Mr. R. II. Jarvis is chief apent l.r Central Ontario, his Toronto office being as above. The Company has a guarantee capital of $700,000, with a Government deposit of $54,633. The Homan's Plan of life insur- ance represented by this Company is one ol the most popular, and gives life insurance in its simplest and most perfect form. During the year 1885 this Com- pany wrote on the Homan's Plan over $2,300,000, and so far this year are over $500,000 ahead of last year of the same date. The system is scientifically correct, was devised by the most eminent actuary on the continent, is endorsed by other actuaries and experts, and gives insurance at the lowest possible cost combined with equity and safety. The agent of the Company, Mr. Jarvis, has had many years' experi- ence in life insurance, and enjoys a wide popularity ; and during his administration of the affairs of the Company in Central Ontario, has won the esteem and confidence of all who have availed themselves of the advantages offered by so substantial a Company as that which he represents. On the first of June, 1886, H. Sutherland, Esq., who is also manager of the Lower Provinces, combined his office with that of R. H. Jarvis at 56 Yonge Street, thus making them gene- ral agents for the Upper and Lower Provinces. Mr. Sutherland's long connection with Life Assurance, and his well known standing as an authority on all matters dealing with this science, will render him an invaluable ally to Mr. Jarvis, and the " Federal " will not be disappointed in their expectations of a large return being made from the territory under the con- trol of these gentlemen. The Empress Sewins Maehine Co., «•* Toronto (Limited): Capital, $100,000; Head Office, 49 King .Street West. — About a year ago Mr. A. J. Close, of this city, conceived the idea of in- troducing the manufacture of a first class sewing machine in Canada. Mr. C. A. Dearborn, of New Vork, a gentleman of large experience in the manu- facture of sewing machines, and well known as the inventor of mar.y improvements in that line, had produced a machine which met the requirements. It w.as called the " P^nqiress." Mr. Close communicated with leading capitalists of this city, and formed a stock company for the manufacture and sale of sewing machines. The patent of the Empress Sewing Machine was purchased, ."iic'. operations at once set on foot. The President is \lr. Charles Riordi>n, and the Secretary, Mr. W. B, Ciose, and Mr. C. C. Pomeroy has been appointed G; neral Manager; he lesigned the Ontario managenKiit of the Wheeler & Wilson Co. to assume that po<-,ition. Mr. Pomeroy is a gentleman of wide and varied experience in the sewing machine business, and is generally legaided as the [ best sewing machine manager in the Dominion. The Empress Sewing M.achinc has been c,\aniined by j numerous experts and sewing machine agents, and '. one and all ])ronouncctl highly in its favor. It has I already been olaced on the market, its success being I phenomenal. It wiil doubtless take a first place in ' the trade, and the fact that it is a Canadian in- travellers are now on the road appointing agents, and territories are being rapidly taken up. Live agents, who want to handle a lirstclass machine, should apply at once to the Company at their head office, 49 King .Street West, Toronto. James .Scott, Esq.; D. H. Dick, rr<^f. Loudon, MA., Jos. Cawthra, Esr|., J. D. Laidlaw, Esq., Aaron Koss, Esq. ; Bankers, the Dominion Dank and the National Hank of Scotland ; Solicitor, janus Tilt, Esq.; Secretary and Treasurer, (ieo. S. C. lielluine, Esq.; Inspector Chas. King, Esq. Edinburgh Agents, Messrs. Cowan iV Dalmahoy, W.S., 12 Hill Street, Eilinburgh, Scotland. I Lanoashir* Insurance Co. of England, 24 Toronto .Street. — The solidity of an insurance j company and ils promptness in paying claims is a mo.>.t ; important point. In this respect the Lancashire In- surance Company of England enjoy,-, a high character. ! It was established in England in 1S52, and la-gan i business in Canada in 1864. The Toronto offices are located at 24 Toronto '^treel, an city. In March, 1882, Mrs. E. Austin purchased the business, since whicii period the volume of trade has steadily increased. Mrs. Austin imports direct for cash, and the artistic manner in which the goods are displayed is plea.sing alike both to customers and visitors. Not the least attractive feature of the varied stock is the judiciously selected line of cutlery carried by this estalilishm'Mit, containing all the newest specimens of the cut'.r's art, purchased from the most t-ninjut firms. Mrs. E. Austin is a native of Canada, being born in Ottawa in 1855, and the success achieved by her in business is calculated to make Canadians proud of the abilities of the ladies of the Dominion. Ths Farmsrs' Loan & Savings Com' panyi Capital, $1,057,250; Assets, $1,385,000; Reserve, $100,786. 15 : Head Office, 17 Toronto St. — The importance of an institution such as the above is undenialile. Since its establishment in 1871, the Farmers' Loan it .Savings Company has had a very successful business career, due in a large measure to its excellent executive management, and the growing want for such a corporation in the city and country. The business is conducted on a sound, conservative basis, although offering every inducement ami benefit to the thrifty and enterprising. Unlike u bank, the Company does not lend its funds on personal security, but upon first mortgages of real estae, and occa- sion illy on municipal debentures; it, therefore, undoubtedly affords the depositor unquestionable security, backed l>y a large paid up as well as sub- scribed capital, and an ever increasing reserve fund. The Board of Directois nre well-known gentlemen of the highest financial character and standing in the community, and the Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Geo. S. C. Bethune, 's a business man of large experience and a native Canadian. Hoard of Directors : I'resi dent, William Mulock, Esq., M.P.; Vice-President, Campbell & Son, Scenic Arti.sts, 87 King .Street West. — Photographers in this country at one time thought that it was absolutely necessary to buy their background scenes in the United States, and this probably was the case in Toronto until the estab- lishment of Messrs. Campbell >.*v: Son at 87 Iving Street West, in 1883, and then matrers were changed. It was hard work at first to get the photographers to believe that their work was as good if not better than could be obtained in the States, but in time tiie work and the prices spoke for themselves, and the firm won, and have now completely driven American goods out of the market. Mr. Campbell, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Scotland, but has resided in this country over 20 years. He studied art in the Royal Institute of Edinburgh, under Dallis and Christie, from which insliiuiion he holds a certi ficate. The work he does is known as monochrome, and when photographed seems as though taken from nature instead of canvas. Messrs. Campbell i<' .Son, by steady perseverance, have established a good pay- ing and substantial business, the only one ol its kind in Canada. J. C. Little, Dealer in Cigars, Tobaccos and .Smokers' Sundries, 505 (Jueen Street West. — Sir Walter Raleigh could not po.ssibly have had any idea when he introduced tobacco in Europe, of the tre- mendous extent the soothing weed would be utililized. In Montreal alone the value of nianvifactured tobacco annually amounts to $1,637,403 ; wage; to the amount of $392,279 is paid, and employment s given to no less than 2,^00 employees. J'rominen' among the stores in this section of the city engaged in retailing this favorite production is that of -Mr. J. C. Little, located at 505 Queen Street West, who has brought to this enterprise a large amount of practical know- ledge and perseverance. He carries probably one of the largest and best assorted stocks of cigars, tobaccos and smokers' sundries to be found in this portion of the city, and deals only in the very finert brands of imported cigain. There is in cjnneclion with his store a comfort.al)lv fitted and well ventilated pool room, which is well patronized. Mr. Little is a Canadian by birth and education. He is a young and enterprising business man, fully deserving of the patronage and support of the puljlic. |t| 206 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. ^!l :1 ^i 11 Th« Tradara' Bank of Canada: Head Office, Toronto (capital authorized, $1,000,000; capilal pail! up, $412,000). --The financial stability of the banking institutions of Canada is a matter that proves llie integrity and ability of the gentlemen who conduct them. Last year a new bank was instituted in this city, and the names of the directors are suflkient guarantee that its affairs will be faith- fully and well conducted. Alexander Manning, Ks(|., came to this country a poor boy, but he was made of the right metal, and to-day his name stands throughout the Dominion as a sync-i ym lor Inisincss sjccess. He is the president of the bank which is called The Traders' Hank of Canada, with an authorized capital of $1,000,000 and a paid up capital of $412,000. The board of directors are Alex. Manning, Es(|., president ; \Vm. Hell, Ksc]., of (luelph, vicc-jiresident ; H. II. Cook, l'^s(| , M.P. ; Robert Thompson, Ksq. (of Hamilton); Richard Snelling, Escj., LL. I), and C. D. Warren, Ksq. II. S. Strathy, Es(|., is the general manager, and well known to the business connnuiiily through- out the Dominion. The bank opened for business in July, 1885, with a paid up capital of $110,638.90. The net profits (luring the eleven months the bank had been in existence to 3ISI May last were, after making full provision for all bad and doubtful ilebts, crediting interest to date on all interest-bearing accounts, and reserving accrued interest on all out- standing deposit receipts, $21,785.78, which were applied as folhnvs : Dividend No. i at 6 jier cent. ])er annum, payable 1st of June, $12,953.77 ; pre- liminary expenses, account now closed, $7,789.97 ; balance at credit of profit and loss account, carried forward, $1,042.04. The branch offices of the bank, with their managers, are as follows : Aylmer, Ont., A. K. H. Jones ; Drayton, C. H. -Smith ; Elmira, J. Nicol ; Glencoe, George Dobie ; Hamilton, -Kmilius Jarvis ; Ridgetown, J. A. Mackellar ; .Sarnia, Stuart .Strathy ; St. Thomas, A. G. Simp- son ; Wallaceburg, A. \V. Murton. The bankers are : (Jreat Hritain, The National Hank of Scotland ; New York, The American Exchange National Hank ; Montreal, The Quebec Hank. The head office of the liank in Toronto is situated on Yonge and Wellington .Streets. MeOuIre Sr Bird, Plumbers, Steam and Gas Fitters, 1 12 King Street West. — It is quite essential nowadays that all dwellings built in large towns and cities shoulil have the services of a competent plumber. As they cannot be dispensed with any more than the carpenter or bricklayer in cities, it naturally results that the moie expert and honest of that trade would do an extensive business in a city increasing in popu- lation so rapidly as has Toronto. For such reasons as these the firm of McGuire & Biid, of 112 King Street West, have succeeded in securing a large and constantly increasing business ; they are both practical j workmen, having learned their trade with Mr. Hard- j ing, who at one time did about as extensive a business j in his line as was done in this city, as he was among j the oldest and best known plumbers of his day. ^ After learning their trade they both worked as journey- | men in the same place, with the exception of a brief time each, until they established their present inisi- | ness in 1881. Mr. McGuire is an Iri.'innan 4)y l)irth, j but came to this country when a mere youth, and has j always identified himself with the city's interests, j Mr. Uird was born in Toronto in 1855, and is well : known, and respected by all who know him. They ' do all kinds of wovk in their line, steam and gas fit- ting, plinnbing, etc., and have the reputation of finishing every job they undertake. Tha Wllllama Manufaoturing Company^ Manufacturers of the celebrated "New Williams;" Head Ofticeand Show Rooms for Ontario, 58 King Street West. J. \V. Du.qdale, Manager ; J. Latch- ford, City Manager. — The "Song of tlie Shirt" does not have the same effect upim the present generation as it had upon the sensitive reader of poetry when it was written. This evidently is caused by those of to-day not being able to appreciate the misery of many a poor sewing girl of tlie ]iast. Hut what is the reason they cannot understand the jioverty, work and misery of the past ? wtiy, the sewing machine, of course ! The stitch, stitch of that day is superseded by the click, click of the sewing machine. Hut what a difterence in the elegant, lighi -running macliine of the present from the cu'ubersome, woman-killing machine of only a few years ago. Among the more elegant, complete and appreciated machines, the " New Williams " is the standard in the I^ominion. A brief hist"ry of the company will interest those who think the modern sewing machine a boon to womankind. It was established about i860, in Hoston, Mass., under the firm name of The C. W. Williams & Company ; they built a factory in the city of Montreal in 1865, and entered actively into manufacturing and selling in the Provinces. In 1872 they abandoned the fac- tory in Hoston and built one at Rouse's Point, N.Y., where they manufactured m.ichines for the U.S. trade. From 1S72 to 1882 inclusive the works at Montreal were increased twice, each time enlarging works and machinery fully 23 '-j I'cr cent. In and just before 1880 the works at Rouse's Point were foun>< M'>-rs. Ileintzman & Co., whose warerooms and (. < i iry are located at 1 17 King Street West. This busiini»n was established in To Colonial and Indian Kxhibition, new being held in London, England, and the large nundur of mclers coming in therefrom, promises another and valuable field for this entei prising firm. .Mr. Ileintzman, .Sr., still employs the greater part of his time in superiii- tendihg the work going on in the nianufaclory, .ml he has now with him his four sons, three of whom are practical jiiano makers superintending different departments, while the fourth maiKv^es the business department. .Mr. Ileinti'man was i)orn in lierlin, (jerniany, in 1S16, being now in his seventieth year, but is still full of energy and acii\ ily, taking particular interest in all the details of the business. Uf his four sons, three were born in the United Stales and one in Canada. The factory is located on King Street, adjoining the Kossin lllock, corner \'ork and King Streets ; the main building, facing on King Street, is five stories in height and a basemeiil, in which all the e.x]iensive and latest inijiroved machinery is located. The tloorage of the warerooms and main building of the factory is 24,000 sfjuare feet. The annex t)iulding, where all tlie cases are made, contains flooring space of 6,000 square feet. The engine rooms are situated between the two buildings, con- t.;ining the two boilers of 125 hirse power capacity and the 75 horse power engine, which drives all the machinery. The firm is an enterprising and active one, and wide-awake to the re(iuirements of the limes, while the pianos manufactureil by them have earne^ y /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation i\ ^ o '^ ^^\ '^Q^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 873 4503 ^ ^ o^ 210 PKOVINCE OP ONTARIO. Tttronte Brawlnk mn4 Malting Oompany, 270 to 284 Simcoe Street. — The city of Toronto con- tains many larpe brewing establishments which have a high reputation throughout the Dominion for the excellent qualities of their products. One holding a most prominent position in this line is the Toronto Brewing and Malting Company, whose extensive establibhment is located at from 270 to 284 Simcoe Street. This concern was founded in 1846 by Mr. John Aldwell, who conducted it until 1874, when it was sold to a joint stock company which was organ- ized, M at present existing, as the Toronto Brewing and Malting Company. In 1882 Mr. Alexander Manning became president of the Company, and the whole of the malthouses were reconstructed, taking out the old apparatus and putting therein three new kiln floors and the latest and must modern appliances. The building has a frontage of 360 feet on Simcoe Street, 120 feet on Anderson Street, and 180 feet on William Street. The malthouse is six stories high, and has two floors below for cellarage and a six-story malt elevator, with a storage capacity of 100,000 bushels. The entire structure is substan- tially built of brick. The three kilns have an area oi 18x93 feet. All the work, from the time the grain is put in by the farmers until it is in the elevator, is done by the most improved machinery, and all carefully cleaned by machinery. The brewery is four stories in height and cellarage under the whole of the buildings. Seventy-five hands are given employment in the establishment. The firm are extensive brewers of ales, porters and half-and- half, and manufacturers of malt. They are ex- tensive bottlers. They produce an average of 200,000 bushels of malt during the season, and stand second to none in Canada in this respect, and have also a high reputation in the United States, to which country they export largely. During the past season the bulk of their malt was tnkcn by Canadian brewers from St. John and Halifax to London, Ont., and the United States brewers who take their malt extend from St. Louis to Boston. Their brewing capacity of ales and porters for the season of nine months is 900,000 gallons. The president of the Company is Mr. Alexander Manning, and the secre- tary-treasurer Mr. A. T. Manning. The capital stock is $100,000. This record speaks volumes foi' itself, and requires no further comment. Th« Oepland BMwIng Oempany, Par- liament .Street.— The brewing interests of Toronto have attained proportions of the greatest magnitude, enlisting as they do ample capital, splendid equip- ments and great enterprise and energy. Promment among the number is the Copland Brewing Company, which was founded over fifty years ago by Mr. Copland on its present site on Parliament Street. After twenty years of successful management, though not very extended scale of business, Mr. Copland sold out to his son, Mr. William Copland, who put _^ his more youthful - ^iiiffi!»:™srfei^ii!atii!W!?:x.-U!Uil!!!J.!|i!!Hii energies into the en- terprise, and suc- ceeded in greatly in- creasing the volume of i>usiness done and extending the facili- ties of the concern. The beer rapidly grew in popularity, and the trade swell- ed according to the popularity until, to meet the pressure which required an increased capital to hand le, Mr. Copland sold out in 1882, and a company, known as " The Copland Brewing Company" was formed, with thcfollowinggentle- men in the active management : Mr. H. L. Hime, presi- dent ; Messrs. John and James E. Millett, J. W, C. Bedson and Wm. Haldane, brewers. These gentle- men had previously been connected with the Toronto Brewing and Malting Company ; they were all, from long experience, thoroughly conversant with every detail of the brewing business ; and devoting their energies to their new enterprise, soon succeeded in building up the previously large custom to almost double its proportions. The fame of the Copland Brewing Company's Iteer stands to-day second to none in the Dominion. It is a fame which it has long enjoyed, but its increased sale, which came from increased capital and united energetic manage- ment, hits extended it broadcast. The premises occupied by The Copland Brewing Company cover about five acres of ground, which are bounded by Parliament, Derby, Erin and Front Streets, forming a complete square, with vaults and cellars which are connected by subterranean passages, some of them being 126 feet in length. There is no other brewery in the city that has a better or larger vault accommo- dation than this company. Besides the main build- ings devoted to the orewing, there are three large ice houses capable of storing 4,000 tons of ice, and every appliance necessary to the proper prosecution of the business is to be found on the premises. About fifty men are given employment all the year round. The average sales of ale amount to about 25,000 barrels a year, with an increasing demand. This institution is a model of perfection in its line, TORONTO. HI ably managed by Mr. James E. Millett, who is also secretary-treasurer. Mr. Millet is a native af Ire- J.ind who fflls resided in this country for many ye.irs. He is a gentleman well qualified for the im- portant position he holds, having great executive ability, tact and indomitable perseverance. Star Uf« Asaurane* Soelaly. 32 Wellmg- ton Stre East. — Among the important business concerns of Toronto Insurance has so vital a bearing upon all other interests, as to entitle it to special consideration in a review of the resources of the city. Among the many solid and substantial companies doing business here, there are none more worthy of special mention than the Star Life Assurance Society. As its name implies, it is a life company, in so far as its insurance business is concerned. But insurance is not its only specialty, as effecting loans upon real estate enters largely into the field uf its operations. The funds accruing from the insurance department are invested chiefly in mortgages upon real estate, thus offering the best possible security to its policy- holders. This, together with a judicious selection of risks and prompt payment of claims, have gained for this company a large share of public patronage, which is steadily increasing. The head office is in London, England, the following being a list of the J)oard of directors for the present year : Directors — <"hairman. Sir Wm. McArlhui, K.O.M.G. ; Deputy- Chairman, VVm. Mewburn, Esq., l.P. ; Lieut. -Col. A. M. Arthur; IL J. Atkinson, Esq., M.P. ; Rt. lion. H. H. Fowler, M.P. ; R.R. Glover, Esq., J. P. ; <;co. Lidgett, Esq. ; Jno. Napier, Esq. ; VV. K. Parker, Esq., F.K.S. ; T. W. Pocock, Esq.. J. P. ; Rev. J. A. .Spiirgeon, John V.inner, Esq. ; S. I). VVaddy. E.sq., <^.C., M.P. ; \V. W. Baynes, F.I. A, Secretary. Up- wards of $44,000,000 o( assurance are carried by the soriety, and to meet all claims that may arise, a reserve of $12,000,000 is retained and invested. Under the management of Mr. A. D. Perry, the Canadian business of this old established company is rapidly developing. Brye«t MeMurrleh It Co., Wholesale Dry Goods Importers, 34 Yonge Street. — Chief among the splendid establishments of Toronto is that of Messrs. Bryce, McMurrich & Co., where a h\\ line of foreign and domestic dry goods is kept, and which m.ny be relied upon for excellent goods and moderate |)rices. It has long been known as an old and reli- able importing dry goods house, and wa^ s'arted 53 yea's ago in a 'comparatively small w.iy. The busi- ness was conducted by Messrs. I5ryce, McMurrich & Co. in 1846, and |iassed down in regular succession to the present members of the lirm, Mt-ssrs. S. Gunn an Allport & Co>, Manufacturing Jewellers, 50 Church Street. — Among'the newer established in- dustries in Toronto may be mentioned the firm of E. II. Allport vV- Co , who are located at No. 50 Church Street. The firm are manufacturing jewellery in gold and silver, making almost everything in the jewellery line, broaches, scarf pins, earrings, chains, etc., a specialty being made of signet and diamond rings. The work executed by the firm is artistic and finished in the most skilled and workmanlike manner, wtiich makes their goods very saleable in the market. They already give employment on an average to 20 competent workmen. The premises occupied are 125x14.5 feet in dimensions. The firm consists of Mr. K. M. Allport, who was born in England and came to Canada nine years ago. Mr. C. Pearsall, the junior member of the finn, was born in Canada. Both gentlemen are thorough busine.ss and practical workmen, and have placed themselves in the fore- most rank by their own ability. Pure Oold Manufaoturlng Oompany, Manufacturers of and Wholesale Dealers in Pure Gold Baking Powder, Cream of Tartar, Mustard, Pure Spices, Flavoring Extracts.Coffees, elc.,31 F'ront Street East. — This Company, Mes'rs. Alexander Jar- dine & Co. proprietors, has been established for the past two years. The firm are manufacturers of the celebrated Pure Gold Baking Powder, which is guaranteed to be made only from the finest quality of cream of tartai and soda. On iiccount of the extra quality of this article, the demand for it has increa. 212 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. calling at the office of the firm to examine the numerous diplomas, ard gold, silver and bronze medals which have been awarded to the firm at the various Dominion, Provincial and Industrial Exhi- bitions which have been held during the past two years. The articles manufactured by them are too numerous to mention or descril>e in a brief descrip- tion such as this ; we will simply mention a few of the l)est known lines, \it. : Pure Gold Daking Powder, Cook's Choice Baking Powder, Pure (jold Blacking, Pure Gold Flavoring Extracts, Pure Gold Stove Polish, Curry Powder, Celtry Salt, Powdered Herbs, Bay Rum, Powdered Burax, Liquid Rennet, Mustard, Poultry Dressing Seasoning, Liquid Blue, Roasted and Ground Coflees, Spices, etc. Employ- ment is given to a large number of competent hands. Their premises, although large, are already getting too small for their constantly increasing business. ^ : ISOURMOTTO {^ PUHE BOLD 5^ /yVNUf(ACTUI^lNG CO. 31 FF^ONTST.E. TORONTO. THE FENSOM Elevator Works JOHN FENSOM, I'KOI'RiiC'rOR. Manufacturer of Hydraulic, Steam and Hand Power Passenger and Goods ELEVATORS ALSO DUMB WAITERS 34, 36, 38 Duke Street Telephone 394 Estimates Furnished. TOWN OF BOWMANVILLE Uppar Oanada Purnltur* Oempany : F. H. Mc Arthur, Esq., managing director, B>wman- ville.— The Kirgest furniture manufacturing concern in Canada is located at liowmanville, being what is known as the Upper Cnnada Furniture Company. This important concern w.is small in its inception, having; been founded over twenty-five years .igo by Mr. VVallers as a chair factory, and the output was not considerable. After several changes it passed into the hands of the present Company eleven years ago, ane(lioom, dining-room, office, lodge, schoolroim and other furniture in maple, ash, cherry, mahogany, black walnut, birch and other womls. The designs are of the most artistic desciiption, and reflect credit ufwn the draughtsman, Mr. D. S. Weir. The ware- rooms are filled with samples of the work executed, and the storerooms are piled ui) with suites and sets ready for .shipment. The mam building is 140x45 feet in dimensions, three stories in height, and sub- stantially built of brick. The finishing shop is 100x40 feet in dimensions and two stories in height. being a frame building. The w-irerooms are 100x50 feet in dimensions and two and a half stories in height, built of wood, and in which the stock is kept. The business office is in a separate building across the street from the main buililing, 30x35 feel in dimensi>ms and two stories in height, and sub- stantially built of brick. A bridgu connects the main and finishing shops, and also another from the finishing shop to the wareroom. The engine room is in a separate building from the main, and is 30x50 feet in dimensions, in which is a too horse- jK)wer engine wiih two boilers, either of which is capable of furnishing power for the engine. At b.ick of the engine bouse is the drying kiln. 20x54 feet in dimensions, of three comparinienis, capable of drying a', one time 35000 feet of lumber. I he Company have a blacksmith .shop, where men art employed making and tempering the tools used in the works. There are twenty-five circular saws, seven hand and two gauge lathes, four plain»rs, besides edgers and surfacers, two moulding machines and other latest improved appliances. The Com- pany gives employment to over 250 skilled workmen throughout the year, the average pay roll being $6,000 per month. The trade of the concern extends throughout the Dominion, and they lately- sent an entire car load to British Columbia. The \l ^■^ BOWMANVILLE, 21» officers of ilic (Juiiipaiiy areas lulluws : David Fisher, Esq., president ; F. II. McArihur, Esq., managing director; and F. Stuart, Esq., secreiary treasurer. The draughts-foreman, Mr. D. S. Weir, has been em- ployed in the works for the past sixteen years, having been with the predecessors of the present Company. Bowmanviile may well feel proud of having such a lending industry in its midst, which at the same time helps materially the pro-periiy of the town, sustain- ing as it docs so many families. The gotKis manu- factured by the Company are acknowledged by the trade throught the Dominion to be unsurpassed. •lam** Moms, CanLigc .Muiir, King Street West, Howma'iville. — The manufacture of carriages, waggons, carts, etc.. is an iin|)ortant indusliy in any community, and more especially in a rarniim; section of the country where so many such vehicles h.ive, from the necessities ol the case, to be in constant use. There are seveial carri.Tije makers in the town ol Bowmanviile, prominent among whom is Mr. James Morris, whose workshops are locateii on King Street West. This gentleman has been established in busi- ness for the past 35 years, and has had in conse(|uence a large experience in his line, being himself a practi- ^mm ■MP 214 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 1. i!} cal carria£|e maker. He makes all kinds of carriages, buggies, light road -waggons, carts, waggons, ana in fact all kinds of vehicles. These have obtained a reputation for excellence of quality and durability, nothing but the best material being used in their con- struction. Mr. Morris is a self-made man in the truett sense of the word. He commenced business 35 years ago with, comparatively speaking, nothing except his hi^h character, indomitable perseverance, pluck and ability, and has achieved an enviable suc- cess. He has always paid one hundred cents on the dollar, and hopes to do so to the end. He now con- ducts a most extensive business, filling orders for customers in all parts of the section, and is acknow- ledged to be the Ai trade. He gives constant em- ployment to eight skilled workmen who are under his |>ersonal supervision. His manufactory or carpenter shop is a twoslory brick structure, roofed with iron, 95x24 feet in dimensions ; the blacksmith shop is 11 one-story brick building 30x50 feet in dimensions. His shops contain all the latest and most approved appliances for the proper conducting of the business. Mr. Morris is a native of Devonshire, England, and has resided in this country for 42 years. He is a gentleman highly respected and esteemed for his business integrity and social quilities. Oemlnloii Organ and ^lane Oompany: Jesse H. Farwell, Esq., president, Bowmanville. — One of the most prominent branches of manufac- turing industry in Canada is that represented by the Dominion Organ and Piano Company, of Bowman- ville, Ontari ) This celebrated house was estab- — ^^— "^ lished in 1874, and was then known as the Dominion Organ Company, and in 1880 it was changed to the present title. It is what is known as a "close" company, with the following officers in the direc- torate : Jesse H. Farnell, Esq (of Detroit), presi- dent ; John Wesley, Esq., secretary-treasurer ; Geo. Piggott, Esq., manufacturing department, manager ; W. S. Russell, Es(|., manager of the tuning depart- ment. In the year 1S74, the time of its inception, it had a capital uf $22,000, which by forfeiture was reduced to $16,000. At the present day they have received a charter from the Ontario Government to increase their capital to $500,000, \«ith a paid up capital of $125,000, and they are at present carrying an insurance of $125,000 on their plants and instru- ments manufactured and in course of construction. They carry in stock at all times at least three- quarters of a million feet of lumber, which of course has to be propiirly seasoned before being used. They expend in wages to their employees over $8,000 per month, their annual sales averaging $250,000, although some years they have exceeded that amount. The instruments manufactured by them have a world-wide celebrity for excellence above all others ; and at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, in 1876, they received an International > medal and a diploma of honor, being the only Canadian manufacturers of organs receiving such a distinction, although about forty organs were exhibit- ed by other manufacturers. 1 he points upon which they gained these awards for their instruments were " a pure and satisfying tone, simple and efficient in stop action, an elastic touch and good general work- manship." They also received the following awards ; Medal and diploma at Sydney Exhibition, New South Wales, Australia, 1877 ; International medal and diploma at Paris Exhibition, 1878 ; gold and silver medals at Toronto, 18789, 1880 and i8!ii ; and similar prizes at local fairs. They exhibited their instruments at the Intercolonial Exhibition this present year, Mr. Piggott, the manufacturing de- partment manager, himself going over to London to superintend the erection of the instruments exhibited. As a result of this exhibit they are now receiving increased orders for organs from parties in Great Britain, the continent of Europe, New Zealiind, Australia, South America, South Africa and oiher points. They send pianos to foreign countries, but confine their chief aim to the Canadian contment. All their organs have ebony sharps, clothed mortices, oval pins, etc. Their invention for opening and closing the stops is the most perfect and important ever introduced into reed instruments, and is fully covered by letters patent in Canada and the United Stales. The buildings occupied by this concern are located on the corner of Temperance and Wellington .Streets, having a frontage of 160 feet on Temper- ance Street by 154 feet on Wellington .Street, running to an angle in the south-east. The frontage of the main building runs the entire length of the lot on Temperance Street, the uniform depth being 40 feet. The building, including basement, is four stories high. It is of modern style, with Mansard roof, and built of red brick on a heavy stone foundation. The carving depirimcnt is in a separate building in rear, two stories in height and 26x40 feet in dinici;- sion . There are two other buildings used for kiln-drying the lumber used. In the yard is con- tained an immense quantity of lumber arranged for atmospheric drying. All woods before being used are subjected to a temperature of from 120 to 130 degrees I'ahtenheit. The general offiie is con- nected with the post-ofHce, r.niiway station, bank and other places by telephone and telegraphic communi- cation. Speaking tubes arc also connected with every department. The factoiy is equipped wtih the best and most modern machinery, while their facili- ties foi drying and seasoning arc the most perfect of any in the Dominion. Besides these departments they have others for planing, sawing, jointing, drill- ing, mortising and turning, and other machines which are used in theii extensive business. On the lower floor the lumber is cut, planed and prepared for finer machines ; on the second floor are the offices, beauti- fully fitted up and appointed, the organ and piano case rooms, and tuning rooms for pianos. On the third floor the actions are made by machinery of the finest and most elaborate description, and the work- men employed are the most skilled ; on the south end are the tuning rooms, where each tuner has a room to himself. On the fourth floor the finishing BOWMANVILLE. 216 t and varnishing arc done. The Company ship their goods by way of the Grand Trunk Railway through- out Canada, and for export, except to Ottawa, which is usually done by way of the Canadian Pacific Railway, distant about thirteen miles from the town. The machinery is run by a 75 horse- power engine, the boilers having a c.ipacity of 120 horse-power. The works are also provided with all the most perfect appliances for the prevention of fire, such as hose, pumps, etc. The average output of the house is 50 pianos per month and 200 organs. They have frequently gone as high as 60 pianos and 225 organs per month. They at present give employment to 210 skilled workmen, who are adepts in their line. This is one of the most repre- sentative manufacturing industries in Canada, and is an honor to the country and a credit to the Company. Tapsen Brothara & Waatcett, Carriage Manufacturers, King Street East, Bowmanville. — In a farming section of country such as that in which Bowmanville is situated, carriages, carts and waggons are in great demand as means of transportation and conveyance in the farming districts. That these neces- sary vehicles can be made near home and in the best manner, saving the profits otherwise obtained by jobbers and retailers, is a great consideration. Among those who hold a high reputation for excel- lence of work and beauty of finish of their carriages, carts and waggons are Messrs, Tapson Bros. Employ- ment is given to four skilled assistants, who are kept constantly busy. Mr. Tapson is a practical carriage builder, and h ts been established in business for the past eighteen years. Since its inception the trade has constantly increased, and orders for work are filled for all parts of Ontario. Messrs. Tupson are natives of Devonshire, England, and have resided in this country foi thirty years. They are gentlemen who have by hard work and persevering effort, combined with ability, achieved success and the respect of all who know them. ilehn WaatCOttf Agricultural Implement Maker, Brown Street, corner King Street East, Bowmanville. — Agricultural implements have a large sale through- out Ontario and the rich farming section which surrounds Bowmanville, and ihe manufacture of them gives employment to a large number of men. One of the old established makers of these imple- ments in Bowmanville was Mr. Isaac Westcott, who is recently deceased. He was an Englishman by birth, and a gentleman whom all esteemed for the excellent qualities of his head and heart. His son, Mr. John Westcott, now conducts the business, and is well qualified for the work. He manufactures cultivators, carriages, harrows, waggons, and docs general iron work. The business having been established by his late father thirty years .igo, the quality of the workmanship is well and favorably known throughout this section of the country, where they have had a large sale. The premises occupied are 30x40 feet in dimensions, with yards attached, and employment is given to three skilled workmen. Mr. John \Vestct)tt is a gentleman who has the ne- cessary push and ability to achieve success in his business. Il> N> Hanryi Photographer, King Street East, Bowmanville. — The art of the photographer is one that has advanced rapidly and materially during the last ten years, and the perfection to which it has now arrived seems wonderful. Among the prominent photographers in this part of the country is Mr. K, H. Henry, whose studio is located on king Street East, Bowmanville. This gentleman has been estab- lished in the business for the past three y-mrs, and has met with pronounced success. His dio is 30x50 feet in dimensions and tastefully 1 d up, containing all the latest and most improved ap- paratus. Mr. Henry is a thorough artist, possessing a skill and quickness of perception which has been attained through long experience, and he insures his patrons not only a good photograph but a picture of great beauty of finish. He makes all classes of photographs, of all sizes and in the best styles. He gives careful attention to copying and enlarging from other pictures, besides pictures being made from the smallest locket picture, plain or finished in crayon, Indian ink, oil or water-colors. He also dui-s pic- ture framing in the best manner and at the lowest prices compatible with good work and material. He gives employment to one capable assistant. Mr. Henry is a Canadian by birth, and an enthusiastic lover of his art, which has been the means of making him so successful during the three years he has been in business for himself. He is a gentleman highly respected in the community. Alma Hotal. VV. B. McGaw, proprietor, corner Church and Temperance Streets, Bowmanville. — One of the most prominent hotels in Bowmanville is the " Alma," which has been established for the past thirty years, the house having been built by Mr. John Mason in 1856. It is a handsome brick struc- ture 160x60 feet in dimensions an-• ' TOWN OF OSHAWA Oantnil Hotal* J. Glendinning, proprietor. King Street East. — Oshawa is very well favored in possessing at least one excellent hotel which would be a credit to any city in the Dominion. It is the Central Hotel, which is eligibly located in the busi- ness centre of the town. This house was established for the past three years, at first by Messrs. McMillan & Cochrane, and in July of the present year they were succeeded by the present proprietor, Mr. J. Glendinnine. This well-conducted hotel contains twenty-six bedrooirs, which are well lightied and airy, and comfortably furnished, three parlors taste- fully furnished, and a large dining-rcom and bar. The building is a handsome brick structure three stories in height and 66x350 feet in dimensions, including yard room. Employment is given to five courteous and competent assistants, who attend to the wants of the guests. The euisine of the house is all that the most fastidious could desire, and the menu cannot be surpassed by any city in the Dominion. Permanent boarders arc accommodated as well as transient guests. The house has a high reputation with the travelling public, who make it their headquarters when in the town. Mr. J. (ilen- dinning is a native of .Scotland, and has resided in this country for the past thirty-seven years. Mr. C. Glendinning, the son, is the manager of the hotel, and a young gentleman of marked ability, pleasant and affable in his manner, and strives continuously to make all guests at home, and studiously anticipates their desires. He is a Canadian by birth, and much esteemed by all who know him. < I' , OSHAWA. m •fMMn Manufaeturing Oo., O^hnwa, Out. — Within the past twenty-five years there has lieen a wondeiful change made in agricultural implements. Work which in the last generation required abuut tlif most prominent houses in this section of tho country engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implfincnts is the Masson Miness in th^ most satisfactory manner. They make a specialty of the entire management of all funerals entrusted to their care. Their establishment is known for the first-class arrangements afforded at most reasonable prices. The buildings occupied cover about half an acre of ground, the main building, which is soliilly constructed of brick, being three stories in height and 72x40 feet in dimen.sions. There is a driving shed, stable and storerooms two stories in height, built of wood, and 30x60 feet in dimensions. A brick dry-kiln 12x18 feet in dimen.sions, and a chair shop two stories in height 25x40 feet in dimensions. The warerooms are in front, two stories in height and built of wood, being 75x20 feet in dimensions. In the yards a large slock ol lumber is kei)t on hand, well seasoned atmospherically. A twenty-five horse power engine gives the motive power to the machinery. Employment is given to tweniy-five competent workmen, while the trade of the concern extends throughout the Dominion, where their goods are well and favorably known. The firm were born in F^ngland, but came to Canada at a very early rge, and can therefore be considered thorough Canadi.ins, with which country thtir sympathies are entirely enlisted. They are gentlemen highly esteemed in the community for their social and business qualities. Samusl Trawin, Ksq.f General Dry Goods,. Carpets, etc., King Street, Oshawa. — One of the most important houses in the dry goods trade is that of S. Trewin, on King Street, and the eminent success which he has achieved from the time of its inception is a sufficient evidence that it has always been conducted upon sound business principles, and its opera'ions characterised by the strictest mercantile honor. The premises Consist of a large three-story stone structure, having a front ol 26 feet with a depth of over 62 feet. The interior is admirably arranged and fitted up in modern style, the surroundings being neat and tasteful, and the whole presenting ai> appearance both inviting and attractive. Mr. S. Trewin is a large buyer of dry goods, carpets, oil cloths, millinery stock, such as feathers, etc., and * conducting one of the largest retail trades in the J 220 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. I I town of Oshnwa ; he also manufactures dolmans, cloaks, etc. Employment is given on an average to fiflten assistants. The reputation of the house (or keeping not only a large l>ut a first-cUiss stock of the best quality of goods is well known, and upon the counter and shelves are to be found as fine an assortment of goods as can be seen anywhere. In silks the stock is full and complete, and in dress goods it is not surpassed, while in cloaks, cloth dimities, blankets, laces, linens, woollens, trimmings and millinery, it is not excelled ; carpets and oH- cloths of the best English and Canadian manufac- tures are to be found here, in all the new patterns and styles, at prices that defy competition. Mr. .Samuel Trewin is an Englishman by birth, and came to this country forty years ago, and established himself in business here in 1873, and it is due to his indomi- table pluck and rare executive ability that the busi- ness hiis nourished so well. He is also a member of the .School Board. Oshawa Stev* Oe.. J. S. Larke, Esq., Presi- dent and Manager, Oshawa.— The Oshawa .Stove Company is one of the representative manufacturing industries of Oshawa, .nnd was first founded 16 years ago by the Oshawa Stove Manufacturing Company, which was changed in 1881 to the present title and Company. This is a joint stock Company, with the following officers : President, and Manager, J. S. Larke, Esq.; Vice-President, J. A. Gibson, Esq ; Secretary, VVm. Johns, Esq. Mr. Larke, who is Reeve of the town, is a native of England, but came to Canada when only four years old ; Mr. Gibson is a Canadian. The capital of the Company is $40,000, and the average pay roll amounts to $2,500 per month, the number of hands employed being 65. The Company manufacture stoves and ranges, the leading kinds being the Art Argand, a square art stove ; the Argand Kange, with a new patent fire-pot and grate construction ; the Iron Argand, a self-leed heater ; the F'amily Keystone, a first-class wood cook', the Family Baltic, a double heater for coal or wood ; the York, the only complete small furnace made ; nnd the New HoyiUon, a base-healing furnace for houses. These goods are sold to the trade only, the extent of their custom covering the entire Dominion. For the excellence and artistic 'lesign of their stoves and ranges they have '-.Ken 7 medals, 11 diplomas and 12 first prizes at the Toronto and Montreal In- dustrial Exhibitions. The premises occupied for the works are a m.iin building substantially built of brick, three stories in height, 6ox too feet in dimensions, and a moulding shop 60x180 feet in dimensions. They have also a nickel-plating department, where all the nickel-plated portions of the stoves and ranges .-.••e done, and a pattern shop where wood and iron models arc made. .Since its inception the business has steadily increased year by year, and from pre- sent indications, the increase will continue of steady growth for years to come. The present sales average about $65,000 (ler annum. The Company has been . well and faithfully managed, and the liberal and honorable methods which have characterized their business transactions have placed them in the fore- most rank in their line. South Oshawa Tannery, Robson & Lauch- land, Oshawa. — Since Biblical limes the trade of the tanner has held a prominent place among the indus- tries of communities, and at the present day it has been brought to a state of perfection little dreamt of one hundred years ago. Among the prominent con- cerns in this line of industry is the firm of Kobson & Lauchland, who are the proprietors of the South Oshawa Tannery, which is located in South Oshawa, as the name implies. This house founded the busi - ness 20 years ago, and since its inception it has steadily increased in importance. They manufacture all kinds of pebble and buff leathers for shoemakers' use, and they st II entirely at wholesale throughout the Dominion. They give employment to 30 com- petent workmen who are experts at their trade. The premises occupied are 90x40 feet in dimensions and three stories in height, built of wood, and one 40x.;o feet in dimensions, three stories in height, also built of wood. They contain all the latest and most im- /I /I OSHAWA. 221 proved machinery for the proper prosecution of the work. Mr. Ko))Hon, the senior partner of the con- cern, is n Canadian l)y liirlh, and Mr. Laucliland is a native of Scotland, and was in the town Council. Both gentlemen are thorough business men, and hav- ing a practical knowledge of the trade, eive their work the most thorough supervision, which accounts for their success. Th« DInsI* lm|ll«lll«llt Worko. King Street East, Oshawa. — The Dingle Implemeni Works are well known throughout ihe country (or the excellence of the goods manufactured there, which find a ready market thioughout the Dominion. The business was founded in 1879 by the late Mr. W. T. Dingle, who carried it on successfully until his death. The son, Mr. V. E. Dingle, is the administrator of the estate, and now conducts the business, assisted by the other sons. The buildings occupied are as follows : main buil father, the founder of the busi- ness, who died in May last, was a gentleman highly es- teemed in the community, and served the town in the .School Itoai'd and Council, and as Deputy lt by Mr. VV, M, Thomas on Simcoe Street South, This business hbs be ^n established for the past 30 years, and is well and favorably known throughout this sec- tion of country. Mr. Thomas keeps 21 horses, and r/ih: M))I>/:l ihmhixki) drill axd skki>kii. HI u^ kV bUi .-&s^:y ^[>,I,^J MANUFACTURE/) BY DIXOLE BROS, OSHAWA, ONT. 222 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. vehicles of all kinds, including buggies, carriages, coupes, etc., also 'bus and hacks to convey passen- gers to and from the stations as they attend the arrival and departure of all r.ains. The premises occupied are 60x200 feet in dimensions, and solidly built of brick. Employment is given to six careful assistants, who pay particular care to all horses en- trusted to their care. Mr. Thomas is a native of Canada, and a gentleman who thoroughly under- stands all the details of the business he so ably con- ducts, and which he has made so successful. He is a very large real estate owner and dealer. This busi- ness for sale on reasonable terms : apply to owner on premises. TOWN OF WHITBY Patterson Ic Bre.i Agricultural Implements, nrock St., Whitby. — The business of this represen- tative house was established in I'atterson, in 1850, .ind the branch establishment in Whitby, in 1882. In its inception the business was comparatively small, as at that time there were very few improved agri- cultural implements made or invented. There were no mowers made before 1856, and it was not until . II i liayniond's Patent Grinding Mill, 1873 that the first seed drill was made in Canada. Within the past 20 years, however, rapid strides have been made \a the invention and perfection ot such machinery, which has made such a revolution in the methods of farming, one man doing the work now that previously it took from five to ten to do imper- fectly in the same space of time. The firm manu- facture reapers, mowers, horse rakes, grinding mills, ploughs, straw cutters, etc., which have achieved a wide reputation throughout the country for ex- cellence of qual- ity and superi- ority of finish, and placed them in brisk demand in the market. The buildings occupied in Whitby are 132 X264 feet in di- mensions, two stories in height, andbuiltofbrick and wood ; in which are con- tained the fol- lowing depart- ments: Foundry, machine shop, wood shop, paint" shop and black- smith's s h o p. All the latest and most ap* proved machin- ery made for this line of work is h e re used, and driven by a 30 horse-power engine. Em- ployment is given to 40 skill- ed and compe- tent workmen. During the past 1 2years the busi- ness of the con- cern has made wonderful de- velopment, th e trade now ex- S WHITBY. 228 tending throu^^hout the entire Dominion. The annual sales amount to over $5o,ooo,and the pay roll averages $1,500 per month. Mr. Teter Patterson is an American by birth, but adopted Canada for his country, and ably represented the West York di;- trict in Parliament. Mr. A, S. Patterson is also a native American. Hoth gentleiiieii are representative business men, and valuable to the community. Sole manufacturers in Canada of Raymond s Patent (irind- ing Mill, in four sizes — a mill that is compact, durable and strong ; made wholly of iron and steel, with babbitted boxes, and crystaiized iron grind- ing-plates (which can be renewed for $1.00 each); occupying only about four feet square space, and can be run without difficulty. Adapted and arranged for all kinds of grain, and for any kind of power from one to twenty horse. King ■roth«r«, Tanners, Brock Street, Whitby. — Prominent among those in the tanning business is the firm of King Hrotliers, whose premises are located on Brock .Street, Whitby, and cover two acres of ground, upon which is erected different buildings for the various processes of the work of tanning, and where the tan bark is kept. A forty horse power engine gives the motive ])ower to the machinery, which is of the latest and most improved description. Employment is given to forty skilled and competent workmen. The leathers nianufrc- tured by this firm are calf, kip and harness and grain upjier. The quality of the goods have given them a wide reputation, and they are in ready demand by the jobbers throughout the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The annual sales of the house amount to over $200,000 per annum, and the pay roll averages $15,000 a year. The firm have their warehouse at 44 Colborne Street, Toronto, where all the mercantile business is transacted and the stock of manufactured leathers held. Mr. King is a native of Prague, Austria, and left there for the United States, where he resided a few years and then decided to make Canada his home, and so estab- lished himself in business. He is a gentleman pos.sesse(l of all those business qualities which com- mand success in all such manufacturing and commer- cial enterprises. He is much respected in social and business circles, and was a member of the Town Council ot Whitby and al.so reeve. Lalstar & Co. (East End Brewery), Brewers and Malsters, Fine Pale Ales, Porter, \XX .Stout, and Bottled Ales, River Street. — One of the promi- nent establishments of Toronto, the productions of which are of the highest order of merit, and which is as perfectly etpiipped as any in the city, is the " East End Brewery," of C. Laister & Co. This business was founded by .Mr. Thos. Allan more than 20 yenrs ago, and came into the possession of the present proprietors, Messrs. C. Laister and John Dew, in I884. The commodious buildings occupied are sub- stantially constructed of brick, four stories in '.eight, and beautifully situated on the side of the hill over- looking the river Don. Since coming into possession of the present firm, the establishment has been thoroughly refitted and repaired throughout, .ind also considerably enlarged, with further additions in pro- gress, and in regard to the completeness of its appoint- ments and the facilities which it enjoys for the pro- duction of its special beverages, is second to no other in the city. Everything in connecticn with the brewing and malting industry is done on the premises, which are composed of the brewery, malt house, grinding room and bottling department, while im- mense vaults 60x60 feet in dimensions extend be- neath the surf'.v.e of the hill on which the buildings are located. These vaults are used entirely lor stor- age purposes and are arranged admirably with a view to convenience and the preservation of a uniform ■ j temperature. Ales and porter form the staple pro- ducis of the house, and meet with a ready sale in all j parts of the city and surrounding country. Mr. Chas. Laister, who gives his personal supervision to all the operations of the establishment, is himself a practical brewer and malster of upwards of thirty years' experi- ence. He is a native of Yorkshire, England, and learned his business in SheffieUI, where he was em- ployed for many years in some of the leading breweries of that place, and was for several years engaged in the celebrated Guinness estab- li.'-hment of Dublin. Mr. Laister is the inven- tor of the .Shaw Bottle Washing and Bottle Rinsing Machines now so extensively used in all bottling houses, which he had patented in the name of the late R. Shaw. He also built the R. G. Hansnm brewery, being his own architect, with full supervision. The property consists of several acres, extending through to River .Street, in- cluding Mr. Laister's residence and stables, where may be seen some of the finest horses in the city. The other co-partner, Mr. John Dew, who furnishes the greater part of the capital of the business, lives at his country residence on the extension of Yonge Street, Second Concession to the north of the city, and is anong the most wealthy and extensive property owners of that section. Personally he is too well known to require any commendation at our hands. \ ^4 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Wm. Iles«bnigh Ik SonSt Manufacturers and Dealers in Builders' Hardware, Ilouse Furnishings, Stoves, etc., No. 278 Queen Street West.— Tliis house is a branch of that which has been in success- ful operation in Buthwell for more than thirty years, under the ownership and efficient nianngemeiit of the senior member of the present firm. It was estal)- lished in October, 1885, and the extent of the trade it already commands is flatterinij evidence of the most practical sort as to the popularity and ability of its proprietors. The store is commodious in size, and has been fitted up especially for the purposes to which it is applied. The stock is large and comprehensive, embracing hardware of every description, inclusive of builders' and shelf hardware ; mechanics' tools, etc. ; house furnishings in all their great variety ; the la'est and best makes of stoves for heating and cooking ; tin, copper and sheet iron utensils ; wooden ware, japanned goods, etc., etc. A specialty consists in silver plate of superior quality, and everything is sold at the lowest possible prices consistent with actual values. They offer special inducements to their cus- tomers not easily duplicated elsewhere. Several polite salesmen are at hand to receive visitors and serve patrons, and orders are delivered to all parts of the city free of charge. Mr. William Rosebrugh, the foumler and senior member of the house, was born in New York fifty-seven years ago ; came to Hamil- ton, where he remained a short time, and then went to Paris, where he engaged in business with a Mr. Buckley, under the style of Buckley & Rosebrugh. He is a tinsmith, plumber and ^asfitter by trade, and learned the business in Chicago and Bothwell. By energy and industry Mr, Rosebrugh has raised him- self to a position of prominence and independence. A public-spirited and highly honorable gentleman. he is cordially esteemed in his commercial and personal relations. His sons, Messrs. Charles and Frank Rosebrugh, were born in Paris, the former in 1859 and the latter in 1862. Both of them inherit much of the business tact and talent that distinguish their respected father, and represent the best elements and characteristics that belong to the younger generation of our business men. A. Arenabarg tc Oo.t Oculists, Wholesale and Retail Agents and Importers, 71 King Street West. — There can scarcely be a worse physical affliction thought of than that of loss of eyesight. As people grow old their eyesight naturally becomes weak, and it is necessary to use "glasses," Unless the spec- tacles are properly adapted to the person's eyes, they work an injury rather than a benefit. It is a most important point, therefore, to obtain spectacles from a good oculist who thoroughly understands his business. Prominent in this line in Toronto is the firm of Aronsberg & Co., who are located at 71 King Street West ; they were established five years ago in Montreal, and one year in this city at their present address. Messrs. A. Aronsberg & Co. are competent oculists, and are wholesale and retail agents of optical, scientific and mathematical instru- ments, spectacles, eyeglasses, etc. ; they make a specialty of artificial eyes. The premises occupied by them are 18x75 '^^^ >'> dimensions, and employ- ment is given to two competent assistants. Mr. Aronsberg is a native of England, and has resided in this country five years. He is a gentleman of excel- lent business qualities ; and since his establishment in Toronto has won many friends, and laid the foundation for a good business. 't l(^ II '!*.! commercial and isrs. Charles and ris, the former ii» ih of them inherit It that distinguish the best elements to the younger ts, Wholesale and -Cing Street West. physical affliction sight. As people Bcomes weak, and Unless the spec- he person's eyes, . benefit. It is a obtain spectacles ly understands his in Toronto is the ue located at 71 blished five years 1 this city at their nsberg & Co. are 3lesale and retail athematical instru- :, ; they make a premises occupied sions, and employ- t assistants. Mr. and has resided in ;entleman of excel- : his establishment nds, and laid the ,5. . m