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Low, Dwvir Mi^iotm R. W. BiocK, OiucToi. ME3[OIIl N«». 10 AN INSTRUMENTAL SURVEY OF THE SHORE- LINES OF THE EXTINCT LAKES ALGONQUIN AND NIPISSING IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO BV J. W. aOlDTHWAIT OTTAWA (50VKENMENT PRIXTING BUREAU 1910 No. 1137 CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES OBOI.OOX0AI. lUmVBT SKAVOH Hen. W. TinpiMUH, Minlith; A. P. Low, DfroTT Miinnmi R. W. Bmkk. Oiucim. MEMOin So. 10 AN INSTRUMENTAL SURVEY OF THE SHORE- LINES OF THi. EXTINCT LAKES ALGONQUIN AND NIPISSING IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO BY J. W. OOLSTHWAIT OTTAWA JOVKRNMKNT PRINTING BURKAU 1910 No. 1137 se-vi— 1 To R. W. Brock. E«i., Director OfoloKical Siir»T.v, Department of Mine*. Sm, — I beg to submit the following memoir on an instrumental •urrey of the shorelines of the extinnt lakes Algonquin and Nipiasing, in southern Ontario. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed) J. W. OOLDTHWAIT. January 17, 1910. iMAS It ■ r^idBBi CONTENTS. INTBODUCTOBY. p^^ Natnre of the work ' RESUME OF PREVIOUS STUDIES OF THE ALGONQUIN AND NIPISSING BEACHES 8 (a) Previous »tudies in Ontario * (b) Previous studies in the United States H RESULTS SECURED IN 1908 1* SHORELINES OF LAKE ALGONQUIN AND ITS SUCCESSORS IN ONTABIO " (0) The east shore of Lake Huron 1* (b) South and southeast shores of Georgian bay 21 (c) The Lake Simcoe district ** (d) The Kirk6eld-Trent Valley district 29 (e) The Archaean highlands 33 DESCRIPTION OF MAPS AND PROFILES SHOWING THE NA- TUBE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL UPLIFTS » Southwestern Ontario, showing isobases of the Algonquin beach. 35 The warped water planes in southwestern Ontario 38 The Great Lake region, showing isobases of the Algonquin beach. 38 The Great Lake region, showing isobases cf the Nipissing beach. 39 CONCLUSIONS • " BIBLIOGRAPHY *" INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS. Photograph*. Plate. I. Algonquin bluff at Kettle point, 607 feet Frontpiece II. Algonquin bluff at Beaverton, 812 feet 28 in. Nipissing barrier at Hope bay, 636 feet 32 " IV. Nipissing bluff and boulder pavement near Meaford. 629 feet *• 6 6 «KOL001CA1. 81RVKY, CANAUA MAPS. Pm». Figure 1 Map of the southwest purt of Outario, ahoiring localities where the altita.)e» of the Algouquin and Nipissing shoreliuess have been iiiea^iured; the height of the Al- gonquin shoreline in feet above sea-level at each place; isnbaseB, hinge lint, and line of direction of steepest in- clination of the Algonquin water plane 34 •' 2. Profile of the warpod water planer of the extinct lakes Al- gonquin and Nipigsing, on the east side of Lake Huron, and near Lake Simcoe jj 3. Map of the Great Lake region, showing the attitude of the Algonquin water plane 33 " 4. Map of the Oreat Lake region, showing the attitude of the Nipissing water plane |^ [>«0I. 34 38 40 AN INSTRUMENTAL SURVEY or THE SHORELINES OF THE EXTINCT LAKES ALGONQUIN AND NIPISSING I SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO. BT J. W. Gk>ldthw«it. INTRODUCTORY. Nature of the Work. In the summer of 1908 the writer was engaged to carry on an instrumental survey of certain raised beaches and terraces in south- western Ontario. This work formed part of a more comprehensive study of the glacial and lacustrine features of the inter-lake penin- sula, by Mr, Frank B. Taylor, and was done under his direction. Five weeks were occupied in making accurate measurements of the alti- tude of the Algonquin, Nipissing, and other shorelines at as many localities as would be needed for the reconstruction of the ancient water planes which they mark. The value of instrumental work of this sort had already been demonstrated elsewhere in the Great Lake region, and it was believed that an application of such methods to the Ontario region would be especially fruitful, because of the peculiar relations which Ontario bears to the ancient lakes Algonquin and Nipissing. These gi«at pro-glaciaU lakes were known to have had temporary outlets not only down the St. Clair river (which forms the southwest boundary of the .sgion here treated), but across southern Ontario at two places : (1) from Eirkfield eastward down the Trent valley; and (2) from North Bay eastward down the Mattawo valley. Moreover, the recent comr 'The term ' pro-glacinl ' nieaus in f'ont of the ice sheet. 7 8 OEOLOOICAL 8UBVEV, CANADA pletion of instrumental surveys of these shorelines on both sides of Lake Michigan, in districts where the differential uplifts were believed to have deformed the water planes in much the same way, and to about the same extent, as in Ontario, promised to make this investigation both rapid and fruitful. The leveling was done by the writer, with the assistance of Mr Roy C. Jacobson. Meanwhile. Mr. Taylor, and Mr. W. A. Johnston of the Geological Survey, in their field work on the glacial and lacus- trine features, sought out localities where the beaches were well developed and accessible for leveling. In this way the work of making measurements was greatly expedited. RESUME OF PREVIOUS STUDIES OF THE ALGONQUIN AND NIPISSING BEACHES. (h) Frerions Studies in Ontario. The ancient shorelines of Ontario have been objects of interest for at least three-quarters of a century. As early as 1837. Mr. Thomas Roy— a civil engineer who had been surveying railway and canal routes across Ontario-presented a paper (which was read by Sir Charles Lyell) before the Geological Society of London, describ- ing thirteen distinct terraces or beaches on the hillsides north of Toronto.* After his visit to America in 1841. Lyell wrote enthusi- astically of these raised beaches, which he had examined in company with Mr. Roy.» Not long after this (1853), the raised beaches and abandoned terraces around the head of Georgian bay attracted the attention of Mr. Sandford Fleming, C.E.. and were described by him in a paper entitled ' The VaUey of the Nottawasaga.-s Ten years later Sir William Logan's report on the Geology of Canada devoted several pages to the ' ancient beaches, terraces and ridges' of Canada. Shells were reported to have been found em- bedded in the lake deposits at many places, and measurements of altitude of old shorelin es were recorded near Colling^ at Mea- '.anadian Journal, vol I. 1853. pp. 223-226. SHORE- NE8 ALGONQUIN AND NIPIS81NO 9 ford; at several points around Owen Sound; at Isthmug bay, and at Cabot head-on the Saugeen peninsula.' No systematic exploration of these raised beaches was carried on, however, until 1887. That summer and the next were spent by Dr. J. W. Spencer in surveying them, and measuring their heights. A report of this work was made by Dr. Spencer at the Cleveland meet- ing of the Amt/ican Association, in August, 1888.« In this paper the name ' Algonquin beach ' was proposed for the most conspicuous raised beach of the Huron-Georgian Bay region, ' Lake Algonquin ' for the extinct lake, and 'Algonquin river' for its ancirnt outlet down the Trent valley. Three years later, in a paper entitled ' Deformation of the Algon- quin beach and birth of Lake Huron," Dr. Spencer described the course of this old shoreline alonsr the east side of Lake Huron and the south side of Georgian boy. and presented in some detail the results of his precise measurements of altitude at twelve localities between Grand Bend and Kirkfield. The paper includes similar data for a higher beach — the ' Forest beach.' The results of Dr. Spencer's study are especially reliable, because his measurements were made with a wye-level rather than with a hand-level or an aneroid barometer. Comparing the altitude of the Algonquin beach at his different localities, he demonstrated that the shoreline is not horizontal, but rises towards the northeast. The rate of inclination was estimated to be about 41 feet per mile north of Lake Simcoe, but to diminish very rapidly towards the southwest, becoming beyond Southampton only a little over 3 feet per mile. The beach was not seen south of Grand Bend. The important con- clusion was drawn that subsequent to the construction of the Algon- quin beach, widespread differential uplifts raised this region, giving it a southwestward slant; and that this uplift was most marked in the northern part of the region. Furthermore, from his study of certain beaches at levels below the Algonquin, Dr. Spencer discovered that the lower, later beaches are less steeply inclined than the upper, higher ones— i.e., the beaches diverge vertically towards the north- east. This was especially evident from a comparison of the Algon- > ' Geology of~cii^a ""can. GmI. Survey. Rep't. of Progress, 1863, pp. 910-912. 2 ' The St. Lawrence Basin and the Great Lakt?s' (ab'^r^-t). Proo. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 37, pp. 197-199, 1888. .1 • Deformation of the Algonqnin beach nn'IPISHI.\0 It visit* to Ontario, in which he explored the courses of the ancient outlets lit North Bay and Kirkfield, and traced and measured the heights of the aiixtociated shoreline^i. The observations made on th« first few tripi were published in a series of papers, and have to do especially with the ' Nipissing outlet ' at North Bay, and with the ' Nipissing beach ' which is itiJ contemporary shoreline.* But the papers also iuclude descriptions of the raised beaches south of that district, nroniul Ijake Sinicoc and oast .^f Georgian bay. Mo-it of the hand-level and aneroid measurements ma The mea8urement. by which these broa .er features of deforma- tion were roco^nized were subject to some uncertainty; for they were made partly with the hand level and partly with the aneroid. *^ew, if any, measurements with more precise instrumenU were secured. So, while a general knowledge of the Algonquin and Nipissing shorelines was extended rapidly over the who'e region, certain problem? were left unsolved, awaiting the use of more precise methods of study in critical districts. Among these problems one may be selected for illustration because' It was so troublesome and yet so important. What becomes of the Algonquin and the Nipissing water planes as they pass southward in the direction of their convergence? At first the same mistake was made in the Michigan basin that Dr. Spencer had made in the Huron basin: the Algonquin beach was assumed on insufficient evidence to continue its southward slant . far as to pass beneath the present lake and to be submerged 130 feet at Chicago.' But as more atten- tion was directed to the raised beaches of the lower peninsula of ^ichigan. It became more and more evident that the southward in- clination flattens rapidly before the beaches reach the level of Lakes Michipm and Huron. The hand-level and aneroid measurements failed to bring out satisfactorily the identity of these two important shorelines in the critical southern part of the region. As the Algon- quin and Nipissing planes draw together, the diflFerence in altitude between them decreasing from 180 feet at Mackinac island to 95 feet at Harbour Springs and 20 feet at Traverse City, tl>e distinction between the beaches, at first obvious, becomes increasingly difficult nnd at last impossible, unless observations are made a few miles apart and a spirit level is used in place of the less accurate instru- ments. It 18 necessary that errors of mrasuroment should be in inches rather than in feet. So, durii.ff the nineties and up to 1005. while hand-level and aneroid were still relied upon to solve the question, a state of uncertainty prevailed as to (a) the probable distance south- ward to which these differential uplifts had taken effect, (5) the deptW^bn«rgenc^of^]^ AWquin and the Nipissing planes and'fi^''?.^*'"''^ ^^^^ A'K°>"l"i"' Am. G^^lci^i^tT^ uTlSS^.TpTleii-lM. = ' Op. cit.. p. 108, and Dg. ,"). SIIOKKUNKS— ALOOXgtTIX AND MI'ISSINO 13 helow Lake Micliigan and Lake Huron at Chicago and Port Huron, respectively, and (c) the po««ibil)ty that tho wat.T planes flatten so completely southward as not to pass beneath the lakes nt all. Obiervntions on both sidos of the lower peninsula of Michigan by Mr. Irank Leverett, and Mr. Ta.vlor (largely unpublished), together with certain wye-level measuremcnti by Dr. A. C. Lane and his associates on i' Michigan State Survey, around Saginaw bay and the 'thumb,' were gradually changing this third idea from a possibility to a probability, when the writer, under the auspices of the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, undertook • detailed study of the raised beaches along the west side of Lake Michigan, in the critical district where the two shorelines had been thought to pasa beneath the level of the modern lake.' This work in eutern Wisconsin differed from earlier investigations in that it covered a comparatively small field, with observations that were practically continuous along the Algonquin beach, and included measurements of altitude not only of this beach but of the complete series. The measurements were made with the wye-level at nearly fifty stations, averaging two miles apart. The study showed (a) that the inclination of the Algonquin beach on the west side of Lake Michigan decreases greatly towards the south, changing from about 1.6 feet per mile at Washington island to only a few inches per mile south of Sturgeon bay; and (h) Aot the few fragments of the Algon- quin beach which have escaped destruction from cliff recession south of Sturgeon bay (midway down Lake Michigan) suggest a complete flattening of the Algonquin plane at a height of 25 feet above modern V.ke level (607 feet A.T.). In other words, the southern half of the Lake Michigan basin seemed not to have been affected by post- Algon- quin differential uplifts. This conclusion was based partly on the fact that certain higher beaches older than the Algonquin seemed to be horizontal near the south end of Lake Michigan.* In the summer of 1907, under the guidance of 'Mr. Taylor, a similar detailed survey of the Algonquin and Nipissing beaches was CB'ried on by the writer along the east side of Lake Michigan. The results of this were stated in a brief paper in the Journal of » ' Correlation of the raised beaches on the west si 'e of Lake Michigan. Jonr. Geology, vol. 14, 1906. pp. 411-424. ' Abandon»a shorelinea of eastern Wisconsin.' Bull. AVisconsin Geol. and Nat. History Survey, No. 17, 190,, 1S4 pp. 3 Op. cit., fig. 3 and plate 1. 14 "'"'"*•""• "' «VFV. CAXAI>A -on with preoi j::;::: ;, * ^'7''-!" '•r' '""'" •* •''««"♦• at S96 f or whether the tJ M \^ . """'''' *""««»*•• 'horeline fter the work of im althou^ t T' '''"'°"' *" «'" '« «»''"»'* •outheru half of t^'l. Z ^ ''^''^'''-''^^ «>' ««>»•> -'oun ' the recognition there of « t ! ^" thoroughly eU.bli.hed .he north .. Holland .nd Milwal^ ''^" '^''"'"" " '" -^ sz ^"zstrr^- °" ''' -' ^'^^ - i«oba.e, or line, of ^al ^ZZtZnolllZ " ' .""" "'""^'"'^ thenonhemhalf of LdceMicIIZT ''°"*'""' **"''' """ The close correspondence betwMm ♦>.. j-.- which Dr. Spencer had ^Zr^T i """'J't'O"" there and thoee small map of^Lo^at ^a^/ ''"*'"° "" *"°"^''t out in . were ^^^UII^ZtlTCiZ Tn M' \'''' "'"''^ '''*'''- Spencer's point, near Geor^an 7 . '"'""" "" '""^ »' »'• Huron. '^''" '"^ "-^ ^h* e"t shore of Lake The question of the horizontality and height of th« ii and Nipissing beaches around the south 1^, t Algonquin one of the problems upon which h was h ^\u '^' *'° '"'« '" me^re.ents of ^^s^. On^l^Urrw^r^Lr "' ."' indeed seems now to have been settled Th! ♦ u T ""*'*"'" become horizontal at 607 f^and 59fl f ! "'"''""^ '^'^ *° ?!!^fli^iW6JnWisconsir *' '«*^*'->y. " was ,ug- ' ' Op. cit., p. 472. ' <>P- cit.. 6g. 3 and plate 1. >w/voi. ,«: r,;;^:7p 'iss:;',;' HIIOKKMiNF.H - .\I. REHrLTH MKr HKD IN J»o8. The wiipc iif th»> wiirk in Oiitiii iiml it* iM'iiriiig im fiiiidanieiitttl probleino of lnko hi«tor,v nnd of pom «lu<'ial dpfornintion», i« iiidicntftl in the fnllowiiiir !«imiiiiflp.v: — (1) Mcatun-mentM of Hltitinlc of lie AlRoiiqnin beach (or of itt •uppoicd equivnlnit) have been ni« i>: — (a) Eaot »idc of I^ke Hiirun 7 loeiilitie!>. (fc) South unci '-.iithi-' 't shore uf (leor- Riax > 11 " (f) Lake Hii, let .. n " (d) Kirkfiel.l ralL.v di»trict. ..11 " («) Archu-iiri s-- 4 " To(..( -r ... ... 44 In addition to th«'- other looulitic» «i>> Johnston. * (2) These niea^i nientit n ^ i jKsnible to ''-niitruct lines of equal deformatioji of tlte i^ hu^iif bemcli ii?i>iiii'"in ■*■ more than di' <•»!. (S) The ssrrey has t\uh outlet or ' Algonquin riv« - during the stage when tl And since this shoreline i^ . tWr-Ti ptirt of Oeorgian bay. These 1(1 Bii-m"- l^ke Huron to connect lidkp vitchigun. with which they nB« tiat jiw^a over which a full set of - HiH mn be constructed has been «ia^ii«(M«il .If ccmnexion of the ancient ^ f Kirkfield with Lake Algonquin -Mil beach' was being conBtructecord of a ' two outlet ' stage. (4) The direction of tii' f this shoreline, and its rate of tilt in feet per mile have been * ked out wit»i some precision. In this respect Dr. Spencer's conclusions have been confirmed. The new observations, however, contradict Dr. S^' ncer's assumption that the southward slant continues at least as fai a* the southern end of Lake Huron. (6) The Algonquin beach is found to become horizontal at 607 feet above sea-level, around the southern end of the lake. A line 16 OKOMMIirxi, MCHVKr, CAK VUA drown acroM I^ko Huron not fnr north of Bad Axe. \flihi(ran, and Oran. Bend. Ontario. m'purat.M fh.. northern dUtriot of diffeivntial Uplift from the wuthcni district of horir.ontality. (6) The hori«ontaIity of tho Algonquin beach at 6K».I.INK> AI.OOMJII.N A.M> Ml'IssIXli 17 or (b) the itrung beach of that dUtrict markt • it«p-like leriei o' pools betwMn raiiidt on the Algonqiiiii river. A ipocial detailed •tudy of this field ought to detenuine which i« tiM cam. (11) Leveling nt four Iim-bH*' i between Luki- Simenc iirid t!i»' Mattawa valley, while correcting Mr. Tayior'i uncroid moaturementi, «loe» nol .eriounly modify lii^ conelu«ion that in thut part ureable change in rate between Port Elgin and Southampton. These facts, also, are brought out in Fig. 2. (b) South and Southeast Shores of Oeoi^an Bay. In this table the order of localities is geographical, following the shore from near the end of the Saugeen peninsula southward and eastward to the Penetanguishene peninsula and Machedash bay. In all but five cases (Park Head Junction, Colwell, Elmvale, Wyebridge, and Coldwater) leveling proceeHed from Georgian bay as a base. At the first three the railway station was the base ; at the last two, slack water in creeks tributary to the bay was accepted as approximately bay level. Ix>ca1ity. 5<- Dewiription of boaih or terrace, and ofi . iilaou wheru ■ ' measured. Dyers Bay. Feet. Highest point reached was 691 feet, too low fur re- cord of the Algonquin ■Si Feet. 641 Di'Bcriptiiin of beach or terrace, and (»f place wh.'fe nieaeured. Other shorelines. Chipstone beach Benches at ^9!^, 609, at top of hill; filO, 618, 623 feet, on toad, above' Willis Kent's Beaches at 6,'M, «»». (?> lumber camp. ' and 686 feet (?). 22 OEOLOaiOAL 8UBVEY, CANADA Locality. Deacription of beach or terrace and of place where meoaured. Lions Hfitd. Hopn Bay., Feet. No frroundl above 760l feet. Algon quin e a t i mated to be 820 feet. . jHiKheetground lalla far short ' of Algon qiiin level. Wiarton 774 to 779 jCobblestone beach encir- cling crest of hill above re H e r V o i r. No chance for higher reco r d on this hill. I'urk Head .Tnlirtion.. . .1 7.3.S Indistinct bluff in field about 500 yardai eaat of staj tion. 1 •si •«! Description of beach or terrace and of place where measured. Feet. 636 642 636 Beach at bane of low bluff, southeast o f village, on road to head- land. Strong barrier, continuation of last. Runs under church, soi'th of town. ConapicuouB deepwater barrier on road to shore at head of bay Other shoreline*. Magnificent seriea of chipatone beaches at head of fa«y, in paa- turea and lota in southeast part of town. Twenty of them between Nip- issing and shore, at intervals of a few feet. At 6C6 feet, atrong, broad, gravelly ridge crosses Saugeen road just south of town. At 673 feet, another, a quarter mile south of last Obscure gi. on hills » town, 692, 697, » 723 feet. 621 feet, atrong beach in front of Nipiaaing. 629 feet, crest close to- hind Nipissing. 1664 feet, distinct beach near foot of cliffs on hill. No more shore- lines up to 724 feet. 630 and ma Sloping bench Between shore and re- at foot of 40 servoir, no beaches ft. cliff, in except Nipissing northwest part until 74;{ feet strong of town, nearj cobblesttme ridge at hotel. Mr. Dobaon's house; 746, 750, 763, 770 feet, and finally the high- eat Algonquin. Gravelly beaches! Above the Nipissing in south part are two others :— of town near 649 feet, weak beach ; railway. 656feet, heavy one. W SHOBELINES ALOONQDIN AND NIPIB8INO 28 Locality. ' S i>'3 Description of beach or terrace, and of place where meaaured. Feet. Owen Sound. 748 i HoggP.O 778 Preflqu'ile . Ureat gravel kpit on Un- ion St. neai Brown St. In a o III e {ilac ex a ower creat, also, at 747 feet. Feet. 633 Dtwcription of beach or terrace, and of place where meaaured. Uaae of high bluff near achool on Union St. Uther shorelintia. 627 Fine (era velly bar Low gravelly beach at on ahore roadj &92fe«t. one mile uorth- weat of town. 625 iBaap of distinct 15 ft. bluff in ! field 4 miles ! northe a s t of town. Flattiah ridge of gravel on road near shore at 603 feet. Strong c ii i p- atone ridge at house used aa |ioat - of- fice. Meaf otd . 783 Distinct grav elly beach on road at con cession xxi, 2 miles west of shore. Clarksburg and Thorn- bury. 770 I 769 625 I Base of bluff near sliore. Rath' ' irregular. 625 Bue of ateep, sharp bluff, 3U0 y^rds back of poat-otfice. No distinct ahorelinxs above Nipisaing until 746, 748, 761, 771 feet beaches, and finally highest Algon- quin. 629 Fine aeriea of bayhead beaches between shore and Nipiasing bluff, at 593, 59.>, 598, 606, 612, 622, 625 feet. Base of conspicu- ous bluff with heavy boulder [lavement, near ahore east of last. Below the Xipisaiiig, rather indistinct beachea at 607 and 612 feet. Just below the Algon- quin, diatinctbeaches at 773 and 777 feet. Indistinct bluffi cut in till, on road, 1 mile! due west of Clarksburg. Coarse gravel- ly beach just in front of last. 632 I Base of bluff in j village of Thornbury. In Thornbury from shore near station sou thwtistward through village, are gravelly beacnes at 593, 601, 602, 612, and 620 feet. Beyond Fipissing bluff at 657 feet, a ndge of fine gravel. West of Clarksburg, near the Algonquin beach, are beachei at 737, 743, 746 and 750 feet. S4 (iKOI.OOICAL SCUVEV, CANADA '1 6. -| 'ii 1- ■« Deaeription o '11 OcKription of beach or beach or Locality. terrace, and o f "sl terrace, and of Other shoreline*. a S place where 1^ 1'^ place where S««J meaaured. mean] red. < Feet. i Feet. Mair Milli... 767 Gravelly beach Sn fret out from base ni bluff, a mile miithofMaii 632 Base of steep IB ft. bluff, on road north of last, half-way to shore. Mill! and i i mile alone eaa t- weal road. i ColwMl 77» Great grave bar if mil*- A sandy spi t with c.esta lit 755 and 752 feet northwest ol crosses road just station, n n southeast of Colwell road to Ves- Station. Is an ex- pra. 1 tension of tne 774 ft bar, built at a later, lower stage. Elmvale. 829 Base of high 804 ft. Cobbleatone- bluff in pas- beach in same pas ture 4 mileh ture. northeast of town. Wyebridgb. . . 840 Bane of H i 8- 6.17 Sharply defined Less distinct terraces tinct bluff ill i terrace, 2()() flit iin same hillside, at woixls.g mile ] broad, with 618 and 6.58 feet. east and i ' steep bluff, on niilef«uutlio side hill lielow village. . road. P«nutan)^ii' SM Gravelly spit 635 jTerraceatfont ofjOther terraces on same Bhi'ne at road cor- ! inegulargiillicili slope at 658 and 698 ner 4 miles blutf, on road feet, former must dis- northwest of 1 from held of bay tinct of all. town. northwestward. G39 Strong terrace .Strong bluff and terrace ! and 25 ft. hliitf at (iliS feet (graded for J mile north of; street). Ritlier dis- town. on steep' tinet terrace at 705 hillside. feet. At7>''5 feet, low hilt distinct sandy ridge around rim of outwnsh plain This plain varies frtim 785 i to 793 feet. Coldwater.. . . 862 Base of a) ft. 635 Olwcnre l«-ncti iu )n same hillside are : bluff, in ' iKriildery pa,s-| sandy l>e:i(;h at (ill sht^ep pas- ture J m 1 1 ej feet, just aliove road ; ture on hill a west of village. 672 feet, sandy beach mile we?t of in same pasture ; 706 feet, broad beach villagi'. 1 above last. SIIOUELIXE8 ALGOXQL'IX AND NIPIS8INO 85 i As the table indicates, the absence of the Algonquin beach from the first three localities on the list is due to the fact that no ground was found on tho Saugeen peninsula high enough to register the plane of this highest beach. At this stage of the lake the entire peninsula north of Wiarton apiears to have been submerged. The record of the lower shorelines, however, especially the Nipissing, is very strong. From Port Elgin to Wiarton the distance (in the direction of tilt) is twenty-seven miles. In this distance the Algonquin beach rises (776-710 feet) 66 feet, or at a rate of 2-44 feet per mile. In the same stretch the Nipissing shoreline rises (t533-61-l feet) 19 feet, or at a rate of 0-70 feet yiet mile. Comparing these two rates with those of the same two shorelines south of Port Elgin (given on p. 21), one finds that each rate has increased northward, the Algonquin (from 210 to 2-44 feet per mile) much more distinctly than the Nipissing (from 0-67 to 0-70 feet per mile). These changes in slant appear plainly on the profile Fig. 2. It will be noticed that the altitude of the Algonquin beach at Clarksburg, Mair Mills, and Colwell varies only slightly from 770 feet, and that the measurements at Wiarton, Hogg P.O., and Moaford are close to 780 feet. Since these stations of accordant altitude are far apart, in each case, they enable us to construct two lines of equal deformation of the Algonquin beach along the south coast of Geor- gian bay, and to work out the exact direction of steepest inclination there. These six stations are of similar value in locating lines of equal deforniatiou of the lower, Nipissing shoreline. The data gathered from Penetanguishene and Coldwiiter are of especial interest, because these places are farther north than the others, and within ten or fifteen miles of the border of the Arclwan high- lands. As Fig. 2 shows, these measurements indicate that the Algon- quin plane rises from Owen Round as far north as the Penetangui- shene peninsula without any measureable increase in slant — a fact which is important in fixintr the limits of a distinct steepening of the plane just north of here. (c) lake Simcoe District. The measurements around Lake Simcoe are necessarily limited to the Algonquin beach and those close to it in altitude. Lake Simcoe itself is 718 feet above sea-level— far above the plane of the Nipissing 28 OKOLOOICAL HUKVEY, CANADA shoreline. The district is peculiarly well adapted for making measurements of the Algonquin beach, not only b«cauM that beach is well marked, but because it stands near the lake, and only from 80 to 160 feet above it. The measurements which follow were all made with the wye-level from Lake Simcoe as a base, unless otherwise stated. Eight of them, as the list indicates, were made by Mr. Taylor and Mr. Johnston with the pocket level' after the writ«9r had left the field. ^ts 1 Locality. Schomlieiv Beotoii . Bradford.. Feet. 724 T29 Ueicription of beach or terrace and of |ilaoe where meacured. Uther shurelinen ' fen act- and blulf on road i inilx wnith o! Lhink- erron (Taylor and I Johnston) Holland Landing. . . Lefroy. TerracH and bluff near (irand Trunk ry., J mile north of atation. (Taylor and Johniiton. 749 Terrace and bluff near [ stetion. (Taylor and I Johnston). I Ridge near Iwhc of blutf, : a mile north df station. Big liay Point. Beach ridge, on west side' I of rai 1 way , near station. j (Taylor and Johnatuu). Allendale . Uarrie . (iowan 79S 7S2 I Beach ridge, 2 miles west ( of point, near Kemiicn' ! feldtbay. (Taylor und Johntton). 'Base of cut Muff in south- east part of town. [Base of cut bluff in yard on Collins St. Base of cut bluff back of! Shanty Bay settlement, i 1 This instrument, known as the 'German pocket Wei,' is for sale br Eugene Uietzgen Co., Chicago. It is well adapted to work like that which is here described, for it is very linht and onnvenient to carrv, yet capable of yielding precise measr ..lentg when used with a rod and rodman. >irOBELINBS — ALGONQUIN AHD NIPIBBIirO 27 making t beach rom 80 II made benriia )y Mr. t«r had Locality. Dmcription of iM'ach or ternoe and »f I pUcc whttrr niettxiirtK). Otlir by H. I*. Fairchild. 'Gilbert Gulf fMnrine wa*pr= in the Ontario oasln].' Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 17, 1905, pp. 712-718). L'-p. iH. (tllKRKI.INM — AI.OON'gfIX AXD XIIMHUIXO 2!> the work progrofwd it wai found that the louthwatd inclination i« iniufficient to produce thii phenomenon. In (act, the tilt rate de- creases markedly towards Allandole, averafring 9-30 feet per mile between Allandale and Schomberg. so that the Algonquin plane passes over the extreme head of Cook bay at an altitude of about "65 feet, or nearly 60 feet above the level of Lake Simcoe. The wye-level measurement at Holland Landing sufficiently shows this, hut is sup- plemented by three or four observations by Taylor and John»ton in the above table. It will be seen that near Schomberg at the southern- most point to which the Algonquin shoreline was traced by Mr. Taylor in the Simcoe basin, the beach has an altitude of 724 feet, only 6 feet above the level of Lake Simcoe. The most important fact thus established is that Lake Algonquin had no overflow across the height of land between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. This height of land is over 900 feet above sea-level, fully 200 feet too high for Lake Algonquin to have discharged southward across it. his is ludes ';.iin ■ iug . an (d) Kirkfleld-Trent Valley Dlitriot. Four days were occupied with leveling in tlic district :ii«t nf Lake Simcoe, around Balsover, Kirkfield, and BbIsf i ,'^ in some respects the most interesting district stm • !• ' the head and upper portion of the ancient outlet, ' 'V'- river' of Dr. Spencer. It lies close to the Arelwai. ■..: as a consequence the excessive tilt mentioned on pag- '"■ effort was made to obtain as many measurements on thj Algonquin plane as time would permit. The results, while not as complete us might have been secured in a longer time, are significant. Since these mcagurements from the Kirkfield district do not lend them- selves to arrangement in tabular form, they will be listed in geographical order. The altitudes were determined by wye-level from the Trent canal, and from natural and artificial lakes alontr its course. (a) Balsover". Algonquin beach nt uravel pit on PortRge rnad. )n«t oast "' »«1«"";: a fine gravel bar, 857 feet. Lower beaches just west of Balsover viUnge, ut 800 feet, 802 feet, 806 feet, 8tS feet. . u i. ii „„,t». nf Algonquin iKi-.ch m yaicU east cf Portage road, half a mile north ot last. b61 fwt. Algonquin b^ach on Pottage roa.l. at 'uf" thrjo^uarters of a mil* north of last, 865 feet. Another bearh on the west side of Portage road, below last, and a littU faither south, &53 feet. ^ , .x. „„,,i, „„,i A beach of slnbs and chipstnn" nn the mud just west nf the north end of drowned land a mile east of Cranberry lake, 852 feet. The ground here does not rise much higher. 30 (iKOLOGICAI. SITRVEV, CANADA (b) Kirklield and Victorin Koad. Algonquin bfiich on road tc> lilt lock half n mile north of Kirkficld station, a gravelly beach ridge with three parallel crests; highest crest, S83 fopt ; naddio ci est, 880 feit ; lowest crest, 880 feet. Obscure beach close below last, 872 feet. . . . , ...... •»!. A mile and a half noith of the lift lock; chipstone beach, f83 feet, with a lonor fTo^t at 881 foft en its north side. t- . u i Two miles north of lift lock: doubKcrfsted coarse chilistoni' beach, #< feet. Not only the 883 ft. beach south of the canal, but the 88S and 888 ft. beaches a mile or two north of it appear to have been built by waves from the north. The imbricated chipstone structure shows this. It seems probable, therefore, that the greater height of the 888 ft. beach north of the canal is due to differential uplifts which raised an originally lower Algonquin beach to an altitude 6 feet higher than the true Algonquin beach n few miles farther south. The strong 883 ft. boacli ridge north of Kirkfield station, therefore, may be regarded as tho Algonquin beach itself, cast up along the southern edge of the shallow bay which led to the Algonquin river. Northeast of Kirkfield station this Algonquin beach curves so that it crosses tho railwiiy not far west of the canal. Its altituile here is only about 87:! fwt. A few hundred yards north of the rail- way and close to the bank of the canal the beach is intersek. DESCRIPTION OF MAPS AND PROFILES SHOWING THE NATURE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL UPLIFTS. Hap of Sonthweatern Ontario, showing IiobaMi of tlw Algonquin Beaoh. Fig. 1 is an outline map of the region between Sarnia and Orillia, which includes all the localities where measurements were made in 1908 as far north as the Archsean border. On this map is put the altitude of the Algonquin beach in feet above sea-level at each place where its identity has been fixed. Through certain points where the Algonquin shoreline now stands at approximately the same altitude it is possible to draw lines of equal deformation — ' isobases.' For instance, a line connecting points where the beach now standi at 780 feet above sea-level, cau be drawn very satisfactorily with refer- ence to the observations b^ Wiarton (777 feet), Hogg (778 feet), Mea- ford (783 feet), and Ailandale (783 feet). An isobaae for 770 feet, if drawn through Clarksburg (769 feet) parallel to the 780 ft. line, har- monizes almost perfectly with the measurements at Hair Mills (767 feet), Coldwell (774 feet), and Lefroy (776 feet). It must be kept in mind, however, that no beach nor shore terrace was absolutoly level when first constructed, but it varied a few feet in hei^t ; consequently a variation of 6 or 6 feet in the measurements need not be retarded as a disturbing factor in drawing isobases. Slight discordanccH are to be expected. A whole set of isobases like these two can be constructed. If con- ditions were ideal, each one would pass through those points where the Algonquin beach stands at the altitude which the line represents 36&»-3i ( M A1>A ( •.g„ TSOt'tvti. iiiiil would piiHS by other points (e.g., T4U feet tin.v wliioli the Klmicliiir is hiKher or lowiT than the ultituilo of tlie liiif. Allowing, Iiovm'mt. Mil oriK>i»il variation of .1 or ffct, a» jiiBt I'xpliiini'd, we van u^L• soim- (liKcretion in avoicliug abrupt turns or curves in' is less steeply inclineti in the former than in the latter. The inerease in tilt rate a"* one goes farther and further north is thus graphically shrtwn. The trend of the iaobases when" they have been fixed with the greatest degree of prceision, i>* 21 degrees south of east. Since th' is th»- direction of no difltereuce of elevation of the Algonquin bencii it is exai'tly perpendicular to the direction of maximum inelination of that beach. The latter direetinn, indicated liy the words ' Direc- tion of maximum tilt.' runs, therefore, about N 21° E. Itc eour-^o doubtless varies a little in different parts of the region, but only a few degrees. The course of the isobnses, direction of tilt, and rate of tilt are more thoroughly established over the south shore of Georgian bay and Lake Simeo<' than farther south; for east of Lake Huron localities are far apart and on nearly a straight line. The direction there is based largely upon knowledge of the condition- nvcr l.aki' Michigan and the we^t sid,> of l.^ke Huron. On this map isobases have not been extended east of Kirkfield. because of the uncertain! ■■ then of distinguishin? between the Algonquin beach and the shoreline of lower i.rigin along the course of the ancient outlet.' Over tlie district as a whole, however, the water plane slants with remarkable regularity. Profile of the Warped Water Planes in Sonthweitem Ontario. With this map as a basis for locating stations, a profile (Fig. 2) has been drawn to show the Algonquin beach and those below it I Si-e p. .32. SHORELINES ALGONQUIN AND NIPISSINO Upon the line of niaximum inclination was plotted the position of each station between Snrnia and Wiarton where measurements had been made. Each point was then transferred to a sheet of co-ordinate paper, on wliich distances from left to right represent distances from south to north (S 21° W to N 21° E). The data from the Simcoe ilistriet, between Allandale and Orillia, insteare the Algonquin is within 2 a» 8 feet of 607 from the district where it plainly rises towards tke nartboMt. (6) The rect instruction thus secured for the soutborn part of th* Lak«" T?iiron district is exactly comparable to the reonntniotion of the Algdruniiii plnne in eastern Wisconsin." The reeanotmotion in Wisconsiii wa- bn^ed on fn .v. r iiMiHurmnents than tl» in Ontario, because the Algouijiiin h«>ach han been very genwolly deatroyed alonf the west tide <.( Lak" Michigan. The conclnsiOTi as to isericontality there, how« vor, is >i. ngl- ;ppnrtcd by measurements on both sidea of Lake Micliigan, which how that two higfaer beaches (the Glen- wood and Calumet beichcs of Lako Chicago) are horisontal erery- where south of a line through Milwaukee, Wis., and Gmd Tipven. Mich." If these higher beaches have not been warped or tiito ' ut of position, the later, lower Algonquin surely has not *','■ oefori -J. The horizontality of the Algonquin plane nwth of based on the horizontality of a strong terrace at 696 \ sing), a supposed Algonquin beach ut Two Rivers, ^7 and the flattening of the Algonquin plane as it ap,; • tude of 607 feet „n both sides of Lake Michigan. Data from both lake basins, therefore, indicate thp* u ■:: ' i,i v,- quin plane stands horizontal at an altitude of 607 feet sir, f j line that passes approximately through Green Bay and KewauntH-. Wis., a few miles north of Frankfort, Mich., through Bad Axe, Mich., and a few miles north of Grand Bend, Ont. j.'l >'J. i-.''i ?t (i ..; ■■'eemi, therefore, to have been lettled by the identification of the Algonquin bemti nt 607 feet in the extreme ■otithwcstem part of Ontario. (7) A hon'zontality to widcBpread as this of the Algonquin plane, which extendi! from southwestern Ontario t^ Wisconiin and Illinoin without a variation of more than 6 or 7 feot in altitude. i» no U-hs surprising than it is significant. It seems to mean simply that the beach and the rr^ion in question have suffered neither uplift nor depression since Algonquin time. One can liardly conceive of an mplift or a depression going on over so wide an area without produe- iaig a measiurable variation of height in the water plane — a score or two of feet, at least. This is especially true in view of the fact that a differential uplift has clearly occurred over the northern part of thf lakfs. The concltwion seems unescapable that all around the southern ends of Lakes Huron and Michigan the Algonquin beach stands to-da.v at precisely the altitude at which it stoo wew the Algonquin, we would be able to reach the conclusion that the This Imp rf rrasoniiiK w:w us^d by the writer in a paper before th> Amwt^ AMociatiot for the AaranoemMit of Soienoe at Hanover, N.H., in Julv, UM. An abrtr«>t of the paper ' The attitode of the Al«enqain beach. and its Bignincance.' in in ' Srienre,' \ew finrie"?. vA. 2S. Sept. JS. 190H, -n, :««2-;«c). Since then the work in Ontario ha'trenj(thened fhi' argument by mor- fully evtabiixhinK the Itorixontality of the Ugooquin beach. 46 OEOLOr.IC-.VI. SITKVEY, CANADA i: Kipissing pass stands to-day (1178 feet-«07 feet) 671 feet higher than it did in Algonquin time. And gince the floor of this pass is to-day only about 690 feet above sea-level, it would appear that it was form- erly only 110 feet or so above the sea. We could thus determine the probability or improbability of a marine invasion of the Great Lake basins from the northeast when the ice sheet first withdrew. But until the correlation of the Algonquin beach is caried that far, the use of the 607 ft. datum plane will be limited chiefly to the middle and sduthern parts of the Great Lake region. (9) Attention has already been called to a rapid 'steepening of tilt on the Penctanguishene peninsula north of Orillia and near Kirk- field, that is, within a few miles of the border of the Arclm>an high- lands. The tilt rate here appears to be 6 feet per mile, although a few miles south of here it becomes 4 feet per mile. The profile (Fig. 2) brings out plainly the abruptnesa of this change. One naturally looks for other facts which would indicate that the direction and rate of tilt were in some way related to the outline of the Arclucan area. The rough parallelism between the isobases across Lake Huron anr the Province of Ontario and the edge of the highlands appears 'ii be u fact of that sort. It suggests that the post-Algonquin uplifts were repetitions of those more remote uplifts which kept ' Laurentia ' above sea-level during the greater part of geologic time. Will it be found, after nil, that the isobases of post-glacial deformrtiona in North America encircle the Laurentian highlands as Baron DeOeer's iso- bases encircle the Scandinavian highlands)' Even if these move- ments were set going by the removal of the heavy ice sheet, were they not guided or even controlled by the same great elements of internal structure which determined the outlines of the Laurentian high- lands? (10) Observations around Balsam and Cameron lakes show that even in these small basins there is a distinct shoreline which is either the extension of the Algonquin bench itself, or its contemporary in a chain of pools along the Algonquin river. A comparison of the five or six measurements in this district (see p. 32) shows that if this shoreline is the Algonq\iin it has suffered local warping of an un- usual sort. Nowhere else in the Great Lake region where detailed work has been done has a clear case of local watping of the Algon- ■Qernrd DeOwr: 'Quaternary changes of level in Sfandinivia. Bull. Oeol. Siic. America, vol. 3, IK92. p. 67; and 'On PleintiK'fiip rlinntfi's nf l^vel in eastern North Amoriea.' Pro«. Beaton Boo. Nat. Hist., vol. 2S, 18M, pp. 464-477. 11 SIIORELIXES — ALUONQ0IN AND NIPI88INU 47 quin beach been discovered. The alteraative, as stated on pajje 31, is that this shoreline on Balsam and Cameron lakes marks the outline of a chain of lakes between rapids on the ancient outlet; that in Balsam lake the water plane was originally lower than in Lake Al- sronquin, and in Cameron lake it was still lower. A detailed survej' of the raised beaches around these lakes of the Trent system. Balsam, Cameron, Sturgeon, and Pigeon lakes, ought to settle the question. Here appears to be an opportunity to carry the inclined plane of post-Algonquin deformations from Lake Algonquin across the Kirk- field pass and down the old outlet nearly to the Ontario basin, where it could be compared with the plane of the supposed contemporary. Lake Iroquois. Chances for such correlation of an ancient water plane in one basin with that in another are rare if not unknown elsewhere. (11) At four localities in the Archsean highlands east of Geor- gian bay (Bracobridge, Huntsville, Trout Creek, and North Bay) the altitudes of raised beaches have been secured with the wye-level. So far apart are these localities that it is doubtful whether the strong beach that lies at or near the upper limit of the series at each place is the same Algonquin beach that has been correlated as far north as Kirkfield. The outlook for satisfactory correlation in the highlands is not promisirr, for several reasons. The shores here were very irregular, allowing only locally nn opportunity for strong wave action. Tlie materials composing the shores did not lend themselves as readily to terrace and beach construction as the glacial drift and bedded limestones of more southerly districts. The Algonquin beach north of Kirkfield is probably not a single, strong shoreline, but a series of beaches, because during the uplifts which raised the Trent outlet up to the level of the Port Huron outlet the northern district was emerging while the southern district was being drowned. Some- where in this northern highland region each beach probably fades away as it approacher, the position of the ice border at that stage. This might be a great obstacle to tracing the Algonquin and other high-level beaches as far as North Bay. The correlation of the n89 ft. terrace at Bracebridge, the 1007 ft. one at Huntsville. the 1221 ft. beach at Trout creek, and the 1178 ft. beach at North Bay, as points on a single water plane— the northern extension of the Algonquin plane — does not seem justified. (12) The isobases of post-Nipissing deformation (Fig. 4) re- semble those of the earlier stage (Fig .1). They indicate a remark- 48 OEOLOOICAL 8URVEV, CANADA able regularity of uplift in the Great Lake recrion. Nor is this uniformity of tilt confined to the districts south and southwest of the Archa:an area; it appears to extend as far northeast as North Bay. Herein is ground for questioning the f^orrelaticn of the ' Algonquin ' beaches at Bracebridge, Iluntaville, Trout Creek, and Nortii Bay. us explained in pages 40 a.id 41. The widespread horizontalit.v of the plane of the Nipissing beach at 596 feet above sea-level in the southern part of the region »eema to indicate that the Nipissing Great Lakes at this stage were about 505 feet above sea-level. In other words, when these lakes last dis- charged in part down the Mattftwa valley, the water level in the Michigan and Huron basins was about 15 feet higher than it is to-day. The undisturbed 5!)fi ft. plane i?. therefore, a convenient plane of reference from which to measure post-Nipissing changes of altitude in the northern part of tht Great Lake region. .Vi si|i>I(KI,IXK< — ALGONQIIX AND XtI'[>SI\f, 40 BIBI.KKiliAI'llV. Thi-f list is not iiiti'mlcfl to im-luile nil tlic imi't'i- uliit-li l\uve been written I'oncerniiifr tfn iifwarpfil iliiirflim- :iiii| duilit- ot tlit extinct lakes Algonquin and N'ipissini;. 'I'lie lit.'rutiin- i- too vnluniinon>. anil the lienring: of ;uhiiv of the iiii|>ir- upon the pii— nt ri'port i> to. rt-nioti- |i. tiiaki- i i-oiiiplct.- liil>lio(rriiph.v ile-inilili'. All piipers re- li-weil III in the tixt. Iiuwiver. will In' foiiiiil in tlii- !i-t. iinil u few ;u|ilitioniil pai«T-. The hrief .ii-ciiptivc note aeeonipiiiiyinp eiirli litle is intended n..t ii.li for ji (fuidi to il ontents of the puper ii" a whole ii- for iin index to tho-i' pnrt- of ilif pitpiT whieh hnve the nio-t direcl henring upon liie pre-i>nt repoii. Bki.l. Kobkrt: — Remarks upon a paper l.y (.. !'. Wright: liull. (ieol. Soc. America, vol. 4, 1893, pp. 425-427. Cjui'Ktions the formi-r pxistfiiii- of an c.iillft tlinniKli tlif Ni|ii..siii|{ pus-. M-iitions liavitiK madp profiles of th.' eniiiiliv >i>iitli of (i.oriindi Imv nliii li >how terrare<< up to a hpiifht of 200 f«t. < iiAi.MKHN, IJobkrt:^ • Artf-iHii horing-, -iirfiice deposit-, and ancient lieuihe- in Ontario'; (an. (ieol. Survey, Summary Report. 190--', pp. 270-281. On |i|i. J74-27«. ilHscribt-s Kliorplim's of ilo' Uniiirio liiisin. jiiiliiiliii); thf ' li-oquois • »iid higher beaches up to an altitude of I-MIO fe«'t: brieflv dis- ' usses the differential uriifts which these beaches recoid. CliAPMAN. K. J.: — • Xotes on the geology of tlie Blue Mountaii! escarpment in ( ol- lingwooU township. Canada west": Can. .Foiu-.. new serii-. vol. ."•. 1860, pp. 304-.m'i. ' Notes on the drift dcfxisit- ot western (anada and on the anei.'iit extension of the lake area of that region': Can. .TiKir.. new -erit-. vol. C. 18fll, pp. 221-22S. Com STOCK. F. .\r. : - •Ancient lake lieai'lie- on the islands in (ieorgian hay": .\ui. Ceologist, vol. .".:!. 1904. pp. .•!ll.:Uv Uescrilie* terriii'.-- iiiiil Iwuh rnlift- on (iiant- Toiiili. Heaiisoleil, nnii Tomahawk ixiniids. 26!W-4 ■.» • i;i,l. pp. l;!r.-4-'t!. I'll pp. :i4!t .'I.'i0, K'vix (letailwl ili>rriplinn I'f 'hi" \lKoniiain unil Niii" -lUg ■"lioirlii!!'- Ill Biiv ii>iiiity, mill «.v>-l«"vi"l iniii'nrpiiMiit* of th»ir alti- nidf. Iliita iismI in llie imiiim ruction iif Kig. 3 nf this report. ' Plei?ti'(pnp Tleaohes of Snjrin.Tw ("mmt.v"; Miiliivriin .\o«. wliich vei'ius t.i (1h^o»'ikI lit'iipnth the iHotlern I.«kc (intario near Hvmgo, NY. Can. .Tour., vol. !. !*.'>.'<. pp. Fleming, Sir Saspkohii.— 'The Valley of the Xoitawn-iiL'-ii ' 22.3-226. I'fsrribi"* tile li-silifi-i ihi» rlin» iiiul -aiui-i of I lif Mill v of \..il.i»ii«.i)f:> inci .11(1 shoips |;k1.I.\Ks - .\I.OO.\QlI.\ AXD XIPISSIXG 51 The History ,>( tlio Xiiijriira river"; New York Commissioneri State Keserv.. Ningani, 6th Ann. Rept., 188», pi>. 61-84; (reprinted in) Smithsonian Kept.. 1S90, pp. 231-237. Outline* the history ot the extinct lakes ut the Erie. Huron, and On- tario Iraaina, on the basiH of htudies by Dr. .Spencer and himcelf ; suggesta a tcmpprary diraharge of Uke Algonquin into the MatUwa river eaJt of Lake Nipiinng. OOLDTHWAIT, J. W.:— ' Correlation of the raised beaches on the went -nU- nf Lake Michi- gan'; Jour. Geologj-, vol. 14, 1906, pp. 411-424. briefly outlines the results of a detailed fctudv of tlie .iluoniiuin itii.l lower beaches in eastern Wiiconsiu: illuttrateg the usefulness of precisa uieuaur'iiieuu of altitude of raised Leaches bv a profile of water planes- discusses the signihcuiice of these planes: correlates the 'Algonquin' and -Nipissing shorelines in the Lake Michigan baiin with two horizontal beaches previously assigned to a local ' Lake Chicago.' •Abandoned shorelines of eastern Wisconsin'; Bull. Wisconsin Ueol. and Nat. History Survey, vol. 17, 1907, 134 \>p., 37 plates, 37 tigurea. Reviews the history of Lakes Chicago, Algonquin, and the Nipissiuit <.reat Lakes; discusses the work of many inresUgators in the field (e o . on pp. ls-22, .1. \\. .Spencers work in Ontario; on pp. 23-37. F B Tavlor's studic> in the United States and Canada) ; deserilxs in detail the Algonquin, Nipisfing, and other shoieiines of eastern WiMonsin; reconstructs the warped water pluiies in the form of a profile; considers possible nature of tlie (liflsrential uplifts thus shown. ""luie oi • A reoonstriiction of wnt.r planes of the extinct glacial lake" in the Lake Michigan basin ' ; Jour. Geology, vol. 16, 1908, pp. 460-476. I'r.-».iils 111.' results of wye-level surveys of beaches of Lakes Chicago, Algonquin, and Nipiasing. in Michigan; also a detailed profile of thesa mitir planes, a detailed^ isobase map of tho Algonquin beaoh over the northern part of I.,ake Michigan, and a general isobase map of that beach wherein data from Wisconsin and Michigan are correlated with Spenc»r's ilatii from Ontario; discussefi ihe significance of the fan-like nrofile of nuter-planes. "^ 'The attitude of tlio Algonquin beach, and its sigiiiticance '; (.ni.stra.t) • Soioiici-,' now series, vol. -iA, Sept. 18, l!t08. pp. 392-383. Uist ussi« the t-outhward flutteiiiiiK of the Algol] kes Michigun and Huron, and the use of the lioi I>lane as a datum from which to estimate the ainonnt of post-\lKuuaurn uplift at places farther north. ' Preliminary report on measurements of altitude of the Algon- (luin niul Xipissing shorelines in Ontario, July fl-.Vugust 11, 1908'; Can. (icol. Survey, Summary Rept., 1908, pp. 112-114. tii\is ill oMiliiie v,,m(. ,it' the data whieh ar- nresented in detail in the present re|Mirt ; and jMiints nut a few of Iho ciincliisions reachef the Algonuuiii water plane over Lakes Michigan and Huron, and the use of the horizontal |K)rtinn of this I I u 52 r. KOI.rt«i|C.\l. «ri{VKV, f AN.MlA III NTKii. A. F. :— •The Al)(<>i>ilii 'liiireliiic in SiiiicoL' cniiiit.v. t)iitiirif Siiiuoi' couiit.v. and "leekR nn t>xplanati(m "t n «upiiosfd cli><-(iiitiiiiiity niiil vurinbilitv in l>eiiit>t nf the Algonquin nnii oilier (.liorflinH-i. • Kuiscl shorelinos nloiifr the Bhie Mountain escarpment. Oiitiiric.'; Can. Oi-ol. Survey, Snmnuiry llept.. VMM. pp. '.'I'S-SiS. Kepiiiis ii]iiiii an "xaniinulinn of the reuiim snutli ami !.oiiilii'a-i i-f NottanasiDia liay. anil ilescrilivs »li<.reline« at iiltiluile. far alwive the Alxoni|iiin. I.xNK. A. r.:-- • GeoliiKieiil Ui'iHirt oil llnrDii coiiiitv": .Mii'lii)fi>ii t ipol. Survey. vol. 7, part 2, IWX*. pp. TO5. On |i|i. »7-Jl. Kive« wye-level ilata fur altilinlf* "f tin- Alxonqiiiii beacli at n few places on tlie ' tliiiiiil) ' of Micliijcun ; un |>|>- "•'> H.'). ili-cribes tli- dif(erential uplifts wliicli lliev have experienced. Data u«ed in Kin. ■'• "' this report. TiOCAN. SiK Wil.l.lAM F.: — 'tieolofty of ("an.'.la"; Rept. of Projrre-:' of Can. Cool. Survey to lSti.1. pp. 0S.^. Un pp. 9I0-9IJ, a iiiinpilatinn of the nbservatioiis of Sir Sandfind FleiniuK cm raistil lieaehes in the Nnttawasiaga district, of Thomas Rot, Charles Whittlesey, and others on the VAised beaihes in other pnits of Ontario, anil ot various inentlH>rs ot the tieolnftical .s^urvi'V on raised niaviii*- lieaclies and ela.is of the St. Lawrence valley. LvELi., Sib CmRi.E.s: — ' Travels in \orth Aiiiorica in 1841-42, with geologlral observa- tions on the United States, Canacla, nml Xova Scotia": Txrndon. 1845, 2 vols. Vol. '.'. p. Iflti. describes a visit (o the raised lunches north of Toronto. under the )|iiidiince of Thonms Roy. Rov, Thomas: — 'Ancient state of the Xorth American continent'; Proc. Geol. Soc, London, vol. 2, No. .11, pp. 5^7-5.1.^. Describes a series of shorelines north of Toronto, and ili-russ s their significance. Kl-KNCKR, J. W.: — 'The St. Lawrence hasin ami the Great Lakes': (abstract) Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. ;!7. l^Ss.. pp. 107-1!>0. Discusses the origin of the (ireat l.akes; describes the raised beaclie. of Ijikc Warren and its successors; announces tin- discovi ry ot the ancient Algonquin river; names the Algonquin beach. sllDKKLINEs .\I.(!ON< ih n |>iirt. The leiiire of uplift i- |il>iieil not far southeast of .htnii-s liav. • Dc't'oriniitioii of the Algoni|uiii hcacli and birth of L.ikc Huron'; Am. .lour. Sci., 4th scrip?, vol. 41, 1801, pp. 12-21. I)e-cribes the .VlKonquin beat h ea?-i of T.ake lliiim ,umI around Lake Sinieoe. and gives meafiurements of altituile on it at nvtlve placeg; ili«- (■ii»»e« th" relation lietween the .Mgont|Uiu and the higher and lower l)iarhe- in this ro)(ion. ami draw- important ioiirlii>.ii>n>' »« to the nature, lihn', ami extent "f 1 1 cliffeieni lal uplifts. ■ Ilijrii-lovfl sliores iu tlio (Jmil Lake?, and their deformation'; Am. .Tour. Sci.. 4tli s.-rii-, vd. 41. l-!tl, pp. Jul-ail. Describ's several iMUfhes in -mitliivest'Tn Ontario at altitiuleH liiichei III. Ill Ih' \li,-oin|iiiii, anil )ti\<- nien^un meats of thiii iltitinle. • KvoUiliou of the Fulls ,,f Niagara'; i'an. >''rn\. Survey, 100T, 41t'i pp., 4:1 plates, 3t) figures. \ iiiitno^rapli nhieh de^iribes and discusses tho^e features of th" e.v- tiint lake- uliidi bear nn liieioiiiplex and varied history of the NiaKkra riv r. ( fii pp. Lftfl ;i(KJ and plate M, the author reviews hjs data on the Mki.'wiiiwi lnai )i , nil pp. :t:jan.'fil, di'-cu^ses th' ' xtt'iit iiuij aniniint nf post- I'leistoieue uplitt iu the (ireut Lakes region, .ii up. :.'93-2!%, gives a r^sutnA ■ >f llie dis(over> id llie Timi Valley imtTi I and tie \ipissin)f oiitli't. 'I'wi.OR. F. IJ. :— "The ancient stniit at Xipissiutf'; Hull. (ieol. Soc. America, vol. .-.. lsO:3, pp. G20-626. I)i-crib'3 the Nipissing and hittl'er beuilies near N"rtli Hay, Ontario; discuss.s (ho former occupancy of tlie pass lieiwcin Like Nipiminij and ihv Mattawa river by a marine sirat. • Iho limit of postglaiinl siihinerge in the highlands east of (Jeorgian hay'; Am. Oeologi-t, vol. 14, IslM. j.p. 272-285. Describes raised beaches aloni; the wist side of I/ik" Simcoe and at «e2170. De-iribi.. in detail th" Nipi»-iri(; ^hnreline armind Lake Micbij-an. [.alie Huron, ami (i>'or)(ian ba\ : remii-i ruct« the upnarped plane of this shore- line: ii Icinrets (he bi^t Ty nf (Im exdiict lakes during and since the time of Lake .M.i^onqnin. h' 54 OEOLOOICAt 8IRVEY, CAN'ADA 'The Nipiasiiiff beach on the north Superior shore'; Am. Oeolo- irist. vol. 15. ISft.n. pp. .304-314. I'v'K datn of A. (". Lawson for rHcouBiiiiin tm- ixiitioii of tli» Ni|>i- •ins beach nnrtli nf I^ko Superior, and thut rK'niiHtriirtx the .NMuiaainK plane along that xbore: ronolndrs that the water plane dipx beneath Lake Superior e«iit nf Dniuth. 'Niagara and the Oreat Ijokp«"; Am. Jour. Sci., 4th serifs, vol. 49. 1895, pp. 249 270. (In p. 2M. nivpo nieatiurpment* of altitiiil» of thf AlKonniiin lipaoli iit •even locnlitii.« not prcvinii»l» vi«iti>il bv S|)enrer: diacimae* thp diffpn-ntiul upIiftB. 'Preliminnry note' nn stuili.-s of the Oreat Lakes made in 1395'; Am. Geologist, vol. 17. ISOii, pp. 253-257. Gives rpasons fnr abandnninx the idou nf m.-xrinc invasinn nf tli" Oreat Lalti's throush straits at thf nnrtlioast. ond for accpptiiiK the iilcn of nn ice ilam for Tj>ke Al^nnquin. 'Notes on the Quaternary ReoloBy of the Mntt!i«!i iiiid Ottown valleve': Am. Geologist, vol. 18, 1898, pp. lOS-120. Uivps the ri"[a»tawa- Ottawa valley, wilh new ibservntions and niensurements of the old shore- lint's; disrusws the iiatiiri» and exti-nt of iii>hi>aval of the Vl)(niir|iiin bi-ach in tlip highland'' *■•«! i>{ Oporgian 1i,\y. WHUiiiT, G. F.:— 'Tlie supposed post-glacial outlet of the Grent Lakes througli Lake Nipissing and the Mattawa river'; Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 4. 1893, pp. 423-425. A report of tlii> tirsi exninin.it-on of the Xipj^sing pass for evidences ol the ancient outlet of l.ake Algonquin. INDEX. AlKonqiiin, naiiii- Alg. quill bpach, proiio-ipil for beoch. lake, auU river •• uli^Piit from Saiigeeu |iruiiiKula -^ altitiidf of ill Archii'an liighlancU '_ 25 ti n.ini. I).tv imhI Ho l^ u IllkH plane river, of ou Georgian buy.. . altitiul>-H e»>t of L. NipiKdiui!, L. Huron altitudes ou Lake Huron on Lake Mirhigan *" at Hainia • ■ '«■ *■' coiiolusions from ineasureiueiits by Ur. A. •'. Lain'. 13 (|.-.troywl aluiig west side of I.. Micliiyau '» direction of tilt ■• ■■ *• lioiizontality and height BettUd !•• !♦• identity of ut North Bay, eto mail of nieasuremeut of iiii.aMireiueiits iiroiiiid Lake Siiiieoe -' east shore of Lake Huron 1' '• in Archtean highlands *l Kirkfield-Trent Vi> v di«tii' outlines worked out by 1' B. Taylor 11 shorelines of 'J bu'is for measurement of altitudes 4.i head of -""• ^i outlet of *' (icdnts where reconstructe*! water plane. B U.a.1.-^ >n lakes. Tieiit River system.. l',iblioi!inif Liiki' (.'hirngii II ChiruKi', Laki- 41 Colliiitr"oo • V.ir.klKk, Frank M., iiipa>>iireiiiritta by || c»Ilt'lll^i•lUli ; II F I loi.inil, Suiiilforil, i^iiw'il ImmuIk". iiihI .iliaiiiloiinl icirairK nf Oe« giiii ••■.V h lirii-l III III li, ili'M rilird by Dr. !i|H-iiifr 9 a <(Hl IwBch uf I.akr Cliiragii 44 'uKinith, Hoot! plain at ;«0 Uoldtliwait, J. W., impfv uu resiillii of iturvey of AlguiKjuiu and Nipisning Iji^achea.t Ij iJri-gi'iv, W. M,, iiii'uaurrnK-utN nf N'ipiiiMiig bench bjr 46 I Inoljiiso di'scribod .'U of MpiMtiiig bracb 10 l>tliiiiii>' Imiv, iild Khoi'fliiiPN at 9 J luiiili-'iiii, l{i)_v C eaeliei> 8 M MiEwan Ijeach 33 M ip, .\lgonquin Ijeach ]4, .3.5 " ttreat Lake region 3g_ .39 Mfafoid. old shoieliiies at f) Mirliijjaii OeoIoKK.il Sin vi y, dat.i furnished by .18. 3S. 4fl, 41 .||«»«KI.I.NKi» AWJOXQIIN ASD XIPIMIXO »7 \lllUII lif 111*- »nrk. 3.1. t.'i \i.|«. II Im-ui h iiiiifHli"!! "' iillitiiJi' \i|i-'iiitl Ik'IxI' •• altituap nf " B»ill« iif nhown on u'l""'"' i'>»P' •. ■ " rcroni "( III! Saiigwii |>.-iiiii«iilii • . •' ri'Kiiiiir of prcvion* »tiiilv mi " lilt ratf IbIi'. outlet m"i" •■ outline" workcil oiit by K. B. "•yl"'' ^ l.lan-. hixii* for imn.urpmMit. rhangM of oltitmle » •• »hor»llni- 41 II. M 19 M .. ..14. 81. « .■» 21, 2.V 4«. »* 7. II 11 Owi II Sriind. olfl HhorelinMi at. IViiitnn^ninhfni- iwiiinwiln. .-levBto.ii of. 45 H..V, Tl.om.i«. C.K.. l.ni«T on AlKonquin »i,.l Nipi-int! l*n.l.f»'. Saiit!<'<'n peiiiii«iil.i "ubmcrKoil Sh^ll^ in lakp dfiK'sit" SKi.>>r, Dr. .1. W.. loinlii^ioiis of ■ i.nliinoHl. . . ,. .1 " rcfi-iKMl 111. . viirvpi of n>i"il ln-oi'lii-'. • tilt rato of .MBonqiiiii li>'m li Sun.iiKir.v of n-ult .ifiirwl in I9W A 10 l.S •) 4:1 Tavloi. Kr.ink B. ilatB finiiisltMl liy. invi".! illations li.v. . inpnsiiii'liii'lits liy w 7. S 4» 11. n . I.V 26. ». r. 11 Wiitif i.laiifK. fliitlfiiiiiK of Iiicitilf of descrilml Wi«fonviii fioolnuiial and Natural Hi>loiy Smxey Wriiilil I'rof. < Mlaevalenr No. •102. Year 1874-6. No. 169. Year 1^82-3-4. •110 •119 126 138 148 156 1875-6. 1876-7. 187 .'-8. 1878-9. 1879-80. 1880-1-2 222 246 273 299 333 3.59 18W. " 188b. • 1887-8. • 1888-9. • 1890-1. " 1892-3. No. 580. Year 1894. 616 " 1895. 661 " 1896. 695 " 1898. 724 " 1899. 821 * 1900. •95S " 1906. • Publications marked thus are out of print. REPORTa OEXERAI.. 745. AltilutlcK of I'anaJa. by J. White. 189«. *!i72. De-i ripiive (.'Hialogue of Minerals and Rock.", by R. ■\. A. .lolin!>toii and Q. A. \ oung. 1073. Catalogue of Publications: lU-ports and Map* (IH4:M909). 108S. Descriptive SIcrtcliof the Qcology anil Economic MinrraU of Canada, by G. A. Young, and Introductory by R. W. Hroclt. Maps No. iaH4; No. 1042 (second oy J M. l 'il. *riili> >1.'>, r.kwnn river ami i^uttOD liiki'«, bv |). I< llouliri^-. Hiiil Mm M) in. -I in. Slit. N'H'fniMjku i-lanili, Iliidwn buy, by A. I'. Low. IIHXI. (id.'i. The L'rui:.r of tlif \rplune, by" A. P. Low. MIm.'>. liH.'.i. Fnni'li trnri'-lnlion report on an exploration of tlie Ka-l ou^t of IIiul-oii biiv, from Cape Wol'tenl>olrae to the soatli c'ml of .lami« Un'. bv .\. I'. I^iiw. Maps Xo.i. 779, 780, 781, scale 8 m. - I in : Xo. 7s,->. f. ,Ip".1o ni.-l in. Iiiie inoiintaiiis on tlic rrlly, lloas, and Ura\ei rlverr", Yukon, and Nortli West Tirrltorii-, l>v .lo^ppli Ki-i'lc. Map No. KKtfl. wttlc 8 m. -1 In. ONTARIO. J15 l.aki'of ilie WooiUrrgion, by A. C. I.awson. 1884. Map No. 227, srale 2 in. — •2tw. 26«>. Hainy Lake region, by A. C. I.aw.^on. 1887. Map No. 28,1, wale 4 m.— 1 in. Lake Siiixrior, mines and ininInK, hv K. I). Ingall. 1888. Mapn No. 2Si. srale 1 ni. - 1 in. ; No. 286, aoale 20 r-li. - 1 in. Sudburv minins distrirt, by R. Bell. 1SW>-1. Map No -in, ^rale 4 m.-l in Hunter island, bv W. II. C. Hmith. isgu-l. Map No. :M2. srale 4 m.-l in. Nnturnl «a» ami Petroleum, by H. K II. Bruraell. 1800-1. .VlapM Nos. 344-34U. \ ictoria. IVterborough, and Hastings counties, by F. I). .Xdaiiis. 18!)2-:i. On the French River sheet, by R. Bell. 1896. Map No. 57(1, scale 4 m. - 1 in •Seine river and lake Shebandowan map-sheets, by W. Hclnnes. 1897. Mapi Nos. £89 and 50(), scale 4 m. - 1 in. Iron deposits along the Kingston and Pembroke railway, bv E. D, Ingall. 1900. Map No. 626, scale 2 m.-l in.; and plaas of 13 mines. Carleton, Russell, and Preacott counties, by R. W. Ells. 1899. (See No. 739, Quebec.) Ottawa and vicinity, by R. Vf. Blls. 1900. Perth sheet, by R. W. Ells 1900. Map No. 789, scale 4 m.-l in. Sudbury Nickel and Copper deposits, by A. E. Barlow (Reprint). Maps Nos. 775, .><20. scale 1 m.-l in.; Nos. 824, 82 j, 864, scale 400 ft. -1 in. Nipissing and 'I'imiskaming map-sheets, by A. E. Barlow. (Reprint). Maps Nos. 599, 006, scale 4 m.-l in.; No. 944, scale 1 m. - 1 in. Sudbury Nickel and Copper deposits, by A. E. Barlow. (French). Report on Niagara Falls, by J. W. Spencer. Maps Nos. 926, 967. I Thunder Bay district, Ont., by W. J. Wilson. Map No. 964, scale 8 m.-l In. I v.,, , , .l , On the region lying north of Lake Superior, between the f ™ togeiner. Pic and Nipigon riven, Ont., by W. H. Collins. Map No. 964, scale 8 m. — 1 iu. J Report on Northwe.stem Ontario, traversed by National Transcontinental railway, between I>ake Nipigon and Sturgeon lake, by VV. H. Collins. Map No. 993, scale 4 m. — 1 in. Report on Pembroke sheet, by R. W. EIU. (French). Hap No. 660, scale 4 m.-l in. French translation Gowganda Mining Division, by W. H. Collins. Map No. 1076, scale 1 m.-l in. 1038. Freni'li translation report on the Transcontinental Railway location between Lake Nipigon and Sturgeon lake, by W. H. Collins. Map No. 993, scale 4 m.-l ir 1059. Geological rcionnaisf e of the region traversed by the National Trans- continental railv between I^alce Nipigon and Clay lake, Ont., by W. H. Collins. *:ap J.o. 993, scale 4 m.-l in. Gowganda K'ining Division, by W. H. Collins. Map No. 1,076, scale 1 m. - 1 in. Memoir No. 6. — Geology of the Haliburton and Bancroft areas, Ont., bv Frank I). Ailams and Alfred E. Barlow. Maps No. 70S, scale 4 m.-l in.; No. 770. s'':>. Mhp No. 2.11 (Slisrbrooke -heol i, ■<• .lie 4 in. — I Id. Megani>r, liesjce, Dorchmtcr. Levi". Bvliet lia^'W. hihI MontnugDV (.-ounlli'^, l>v K. W. Klls. IH87-8. M«p .No. 'JK?. .c;,lc U) .1.-1 In. -Mlneril rcxourrci, by U. W. I:11h 1.-iH!i I'ortneuf, Quebec, an'>UIJl ItlMIIK f 1 until l'^, W_ Fjwtern '!°nn-n->liipi, Montreal alieet, by K. \V. EIN and K. 1>. .Xdaras. Map .No. .571, wale 4 m. — 1 in. Lnurpntian area nortli of the I'. Adams. 1901 . Maps Nos. 874. 875. ,S7'1. Chibouganittu re,(ion, by A. 1'. Low. 1905. Tiiniskainiug map-sheet, by \. E. Harlow. (Reprint). Maps .Nos. 509. tiOfl. scale 4 m. — 1 in.; No. 944, scale 1 m. — 1 in. Report on Copper-bearing rocks of Eastern Townships, by .1 .\. Dres-er. Map No. 97B, scale 8 m. - 1 in. Report on Copper-bear!ng rocks of F.u«lcrn Townships, by .1. A. Dresser (French). Report on the Pembroke sheet, by R. W. Ells. (French). Report on a Recent Discovery of Golil near Lake Megantii', Que., by J. A Dresser. Map No. 1029, si ale 2 m. "■! in. Report on a Recent Discovery of Gold near Lake Megantic, Que., by .). .\ Dresser. (French). Map No. 1020, scale 2 m. — I in. French translation report on Artesian wells in the Inland of Montreal, by Fr«nlj D. Adams and O. E. l#Rov. Maps Nos. S74, scale. 4 m.-l In.; No il5, scale 3,000 ft. - 1 in. ; Ko. 87(i. Reprint of Summary Report on the Serpentine Belt of Southern Quelx^c. by .1. A. Dresser. NEW BRUNSWICK. Western New Brunswick and Eastern Nova Scotia, by It. W. Ells. 1SS5. .Map No. 230, scale 4 m.-l in. Carleton and Victoria counties, by L. W. Bailey. 1885. .Map So. 231. scale 4 m. — 1 in. Victoria, Restigouche, and .N'orthumberland counties, N.B., by L. W. Baile" and W. Mclnnes. 1886. Map No. 254, scale 4 m. - 1 in. Northern portion and adjacent arras, by L. W. Bailey and W. Mclnncs. 1887-S. Hap No. 291). scale 4 m. - 1 in. Temiscouata and Rimouski counties, by L. W. Bailey and VV. Mclnnes. 1S9()-1 Map No. 350, scale 4 m.-l in. Mineral resources, by L. W. Bailey. 1897. Map No. 675, scale 10 m.-l in. New Brunswick geology, bv R. W. ElU. 1887. Carbonireroua svstem, by L. W. Bailey. 1900. ) Coal prospects in, bv 11. 8. Poole. 1900. \ Bound together. Mineral resources, by R. W. Ells. Map No. 969, scale 16 m. - 1 in. Mineral resources, by R. W. Ells. (French). Map No. 969, scale 16 m. -1 in. NOVA SCOTIA. Hui;li Guysborough, Antigonish, Pictou, Colchester, and Halifax counties, bv Fletcher and E. R. Faribault. 1886. 331. Pictou and Colchester counties, by H. Fleti-her. 1890-1. 358. Southwestern Nova Scotia (preliminary), by L. W. Bailey. 1892-3. .Mnp \o. 362, scale 8 m.-l in. 628. Southwestern Nova Scotia, by L. W. Bailey. 1806. Map No. 641, 'lule S m. — 1 in. 685. Sydney coal-field, bv H. Fletcher. Maps Nos. 652, 653, 654, scale 1 m. - 1 in 797. CWbrian rocks of Cape Breton, by G. F. Matthew. 1900. 871 . Pictou coal-field, by H. S. Poole. 1902. Map .No. 833. scale 25 ch. - 1 in 'Publications marked thus are out of print. () MAPS. IOI2. Ooinioioa of Ci Mliieral-i. Scalv lUtl in. -I In YUKON. MlA. Kxploralioai un Mx-millan, Up|ier Pelly, nn>l Stewart rivera, male S m.'! In. N9I. i'ortion of Duncan Creek HinInK diitrfct. srale m. -1 in K94. Hketph Map Kluane Mining itUtrIrt, •rale fl iii.-l in. *01H. Windy Ami Mininc dlitrict, 8ketph CieoluKiiul Map, «cal« 3 in.-l In. OWI. Conrad and Whitenone Mining dUtrict!). srale 2 m. — 1 in. 091. Tantalux and Five KIngerH I'onl iiiinen, scale 1 ni. — 1 in. lull. l<4>nBn;ia and Hunker creeki. Auriferotu gravoU. Seale 4(1 iliaiot • I i'l ll):i3. l.owiT Lake I.abergc and vicinity, arale 1 m — 1 in. 1041. W'hitehorte Copper belt, acale k m. -I In 1020, II)44-1U40. Whitehorw Copper belt. UelaiU. BRITISH COLUMBIA. 278. Cariboo Mining dUtrict, acale 2 m. - 1 In. (WKt. HhuKwap (ieological iheet. Kale 4 n>. — 1 in. *771. Preliminary Kmtion. Katt Kootenay, «alc 4 in. -1 In. 7fi7. (ipolocical Map of Cruw^neat cual-fielda, .arale 2 m. — 1 In. 791 . Wcat KiMitenay MIneraU and Htria, acale 4 ni. — 1 In. *792. West Kootenay Ueoiogical alieet. acaie 4 m. - 1 iu. *S2N. Ihiundary Creek Mining district, acale t m. —1 in. SflO. Nicola coal baaln. acale 1 m. — 1 in. tm. rri'liiiiinary Geological Map of Koaaiand and vicinity, walo l,«7. t'rinccton coal banin and Copper Mountain Mining camp, acale 40 ch. -1 in. 9S9. Tell-wa river ami vicinity, acale 2 m. - 1 in. (H)7. Nanaimo and New Weatmlnater Mining diviaion, wale 4 m. — 1 in 1001 . Specia! Map of Roaaland. Topographical aheet. Scale 400 ft. •-■ 1 in. 1002. Special Map of Roaaland. Oeological alieet. Scale 400 ft. - 1 in. 1003. Roasland Mining camp. Topographicai ahcet. 8c»le 1,200 ft. -I In. 1004. Roaaland Mining camp. Geological alieet. Scale .,200 ft.-l in. 1068. Sheep Creek Mining camp. Qeological ahcet. Scale I ni.-l in. H174. Sheep Creek Mining camp. Topographical ■•iieet. Scnie I ni. -I in I09A. lA. — Hedley Mining diatrict. Topographical sheet. 8<'ale 1 ,000 ft. - 1 in 1096. 2A.— Hedley Mining diatrict. Oeol^cal alieet. Scale 1,000 ft. -1 in. Iia5. 4A.— Ooiden Zone Mining camp. Scale 600 ft.-l In. 1 106. 3A. — Mineral CU'ma on Henry cteek. Scale )<0() ft. - 1 in. 1125. Hedley Mining di«trict- .«ltru?turc Section^. Scale 1.000 ft. -I in. ALBERTA. 594-596. Peace and Athabaska rivers, scale 10 m. - 1 in. *808. Blalrmore-Frank coal-fields, acale 180 ch. -I in. 892. Costlgan coal basin, scale 40 ch - 1 in. 939-936. Cascade coal basin. Scale 1 m.-l in. 963-966. Hooae Mountain region. Coal Areaa. Scale 2 ni. - 1 in. 1010. Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Coal Areaa. Scale 35 m. — l in. 1117. 6A. — Edmonton. (Topography). Scale ^ m. — 1 in. IMS. 6A. — Edmonton. (Clover Bar Coal Seam). Scale 4 m. - 1 In. 1132. 7A.— Bighorn Coal-fieM. Scale 2 m.-l in. SASKATCHEWAN. 1010. Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Coal Areas. MANITOBA. Scale 3.1 m.-l In. 804. Part of Turtle mountain showing coal areas, scale 1^ m. — I in. lOIO. Alberta. Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Coat Areaa. Scale 35 m. -1 in Publications marked thus are out of print. •»«3 •;m3 :j7:» 66() .17(1 •689 500 Wo nofl (MM I fl6:i 70S, 721) •750. 770. 77.'.. •7Wt S»). S24. N52 SIM oo;i 041 904 102^1 I07ti •2.-.1 . 2S7. 375 •571. •66.5. 667. •668. »18. 976. 1007. 1029. ONTARIO. I akc (/ the Woodi ilieet, M«le 2 m. •! i» lUiny Lake hhmt, n-*!* 4 m. — 1 in. Hunter I. — 1 In. Ilaliburton nhpct, scale 4 m. — 1 iu. Manitoii l.nke sheet, ncaln 4 m. — 1 in. I ironville slice, Hcalo 4 m. — 1 In. Haniroft plicet, "cale 2 m. — l in Sii'U»urv distrlit, Victoiia mine.', ncale 1 ni —1 in. . I'crtii «*licct, >cale 4 ni. '.■ 1 in. . Hiiilburv distrirt, Sudbury. "I'nlc 1 in. — 1 in. ■82.V .Sudbury dUtri.-i, Coprx-r f'llft inine>. scale 4(X) ft. -1 in. NortheBst .linu of Vcrniiiion Iri>n ,"tuge..<, TImagaml. scale 40 eh. «•! Id. . Huilhury dlsiriit. KIsK- and Miirrny .nines, scale 400 ft. — 1 in. . Ottiiwa and Comwa'i sheet, ...ale 4 n . — 1 In. . Preliminary Mii|. of Timasami und Rabbit lakes, scale 1 m. — l in. . rtcolDgicai Mii|) iif larts ol .Micoinii ami Thunder bav, scale 8 in. — 1 la. . ('orumluni Hearing Hocks. Central Ontario. Scale' 17) ni. — 1 In. (iotvsnmht .Mlnlnic I'lvisinn, scnli' I in —1 In. i."-'i-UlX'. . .s'licrliror.k-e ..lire;, tia'tcrn " ^n^iull- -Map. .scale I in. — I in. . Tliitford and Colcralni; Asbe ' di. .Map of I'rin Ip.d .Mineral Occurrenies. .Scale 10 m. — l In, 969. Map of Prii. ipal Mineral Localities. Scale 16 m. — 1 In. NOVA SCO IT A. •.sl2. I'rcliiiilnarv Map of .Sprinsthill loal-licl I. -< ale .">'J ch.—l in. .S.'i.'l. Piilou coal-field, scah' _'.'> cli. — 1 in. S97. Prdiininarj- tieoiogical Plan of .Ni. laiiv and Torbrook Iron district, scale 2-'> c;. - 1 in. 027. (iciieral Map of Province sliowing gold districts, .0 ft. - 1 in. 1012. Hrooisfield (iold district, scale 250 ft. -1 in. 1019. Haiifa.v OtoIocIcuI sheet. No. OS. Scale 1 m. - 1 in. 1025. Waverlev Geological sheet. No. 07. Scale 1 m. — 1 in. 1036. St. Margaret Bay tJeological she.>t. No. 71. Scale 1 m.-l in. 1037. Windsor Cicological sheet. No. 73. -Scale 1 m. "l in. 1043. Aspotogan tieoiogical sheet. Xo. 70. .Scale 1 m. — 1 in. NoTK. — Individual Maps or Reports will be furnished free to bona fidt Canadian applicants. Report.^ and Maps may be ordored by the numbers prefixed to titles. Applications should be addressecj to' The Oirector, Geological Survey. Depart- ment of Mines. Ottawa. *Ptiiilif.ati'>ns inarkcl thus a'e out of pdnt. 2852-S