h^J^3-- CIHM Microfiche Series (i\/ionograplis) iCi\AH Collection de microfiches (monographies) [sI Canadian Inatltuta fof Hiatorieal MIcroraproductlona / Inadtut Canadian da microrapraducttont Mttorlquaa 995 TadiniMi and BtMiographie Nam / Nom tKhniqun at bibliogr^ihiquM TiM Inttitutt hn atttmpMd to obuin th* bat orifinil copy anilaMt fof filmifK. Futuns of this copy Mhkh may ba MbUognpliieally uniqua. wMdi may altar any of dM imatas in tha rapraduttion, or vriiicti may lignifieantly changa tha unial mathod of filming, ara chacfcad balow. 0Colaurad conn/ Couvanurado □ Conart damagad/ i Couvartura andommagia Conn rattorad and/or laminatad/ Couirartuia ronauria at/ou palliculia D □ CoMttitIa Latitrada □ Coloufad maps/ Cartas gtogr a phiquas an coulaur □ Colourad ink li.a. othar than Miia or Mack)/ Encra da coulaur li.a. autra qua Maua ou noira) Colourad platts and/or illustrations/ flanchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur □ Bound with othar matarial/ RaM anc d'autras documanis □ Tight binding may causa shadows or dMottion along intarior margin/ La raliura sarrta paut eauaar da I'omhra ou da la distortion la long da la marga intiriaura □ Blank laaaat addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taat. Whananr possiMa, Ihaaa han baan emittad from filming/ Ilia paut qua oartainaspagasManchas a|out«as Ion d'una rastauration apporaistant dans la taina, mail, iorsqua cala itait poisiMa. c« pagas n'ont L'Institut a micraf ilmi la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a MpossiMa data procurer. Las dMails da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-«tra uniquas du point da >u biblngraphiqua, qui pauaant modif iar una imaga raproduita. ou qui paunnt axigar una modif ieatian dans la mithoda normala da f ihnaga sont indlquts ci-dassous. □ Colourad pagas/ Pagas da coulaur □ Pagas damagad/ Pagas andommigtsi □ Pagas rastorad and/or laminatad/ Pagas rastaurias at/ou pallicuMas Pagas diseolaurad. stainad or foxad/ Pagas dicolorias. tachatias ou piquias □ Pagas datachad/ Pagas dtochtas 0Showthrough/ Transparanca □ Quality of print varias/ Oualiti intgala da I'imprassion r— ICor I iPagl □ Indudas indaxlasi/ Comprand un (dnl indax TiUa on haadar takan from: / La titra da l'an-t*ta pro»iant: □ Titia paga of issua/ Paga da titra da la linaison □ Caption of issua/ Titra da d«part da la livraison Continuous pagination/ lination continue D Additional cammann:/ Pagination la Commantairat lu p p K wantairas: G*n«riqua Ipiriodiquas) da la linaison aa follani p. 127-»l. This iiam is fihnad at tha reduction ratio chaekad balow/ Ca documant ast film* au tau> da rMuetion indlqu t ci-datsaus. m 1|X MX Z2X »x 7 2*x M« Tha copy fllmad hare ha* baan raproduced thanks to tha ganaroalty of: National Library of Canada L'axamplairs film* fut rsprodult gttct k la gtniroalti da: BIbllothiqua natlonala du Canada The Imagaa appearing hara ara tha baat quality poialbia contldaring tha condition and laglbllity of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract tpaclflcatlont. Original coplaa In prlntad papor covara ara fllmad baglnning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a prlntad or lllustratad Impraa- slon, or tha back covar whan approprlata. All othar original copia* ara fllmad baglnning on tha first paga with a prlntad or lllustratad impras- slon, and anding on tha last paga with a prlntad or lllustratad Imprassion. Tha last rscordsd frama on aach microflcha shall contain tha symbol —^ ;maanlng "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ Imaaning "END"), whichavar appllas. IMaps, platas. charts, ate, may ba fllmad at diffarant raductlon ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antlraly Includad in ona axpoaura ara fllmad baglnning In tha uppar laft hand comar, laft to right and top to bottom, a* many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha HMthod: Las imagaa aulvantas ont M raprodultas avae la plus grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattatt da i'axamplaira film*, at an conformity avac las conditions du contrat da flimaga. Las sxamplairas origlnaux dont la couvartura an paplar ast imprimis sont filmto an comman^nt par la pramlar plat at an tarmlnant solt par la damltra paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'Imprassion ou d'illustratlon, solt par la sacond plat, salon la caa. Tous las autras axampiairas origlnaux sont filmis an commanfant par la pramUra paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'Imprassion ou d'illustratlon at an tarminant par la darnitrs paga qui comporta una talla ampralnta. Un das symbolas sulvants apparaltra sur la darnMra imaga da chaqua microflcha. salon la cas: la symbols — »- slgnHIa "A SUIVRE", la symbols ▼ signlfia "FIN". Las cartas, planehaa. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Mra fllmts i dsa taux da rMuction diffirants. Lorsqua la documont ast trop grand pour ttra raprodult an un aaul cilch*. 11 ast film* A partir da i'angia supirlsur gaucha, da gaucha i droita. at da haut an bas. an pran-.,nt la nombra d'Imagaa nteaaaalra. Las diagrammaa sulvants illustrant la mMhoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKROCorY nsouinoN test chart (ANSI ond tSO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 I.I |u 1 2.0 11.8 L25 i 1.4 A /1PPLIFD M/GE Inc 1fl53 Eoit Main Strwl RschHlir. Nca Torn 1 tSOt USA (716) *«I - OJOO - (*hof« (Tie) iBi-SBBS -roi III ^ I p«.t.«rf-.^^ ^'f^t^-- FROM THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA SECOND SERIES— igoa-igos VOLUMB VIII SECTION IV BNQLIBH HiaTORY, LITBRATURB, ARCHiBOI.OOY, ETC. DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND A MONOGRAPH By W. F. GANONG, M.A., Ph.D. rOK lALB BY J. HOPE * (ONa, OTTAWA ; THE COPP-CLARK CO., TORONTO BERNARD QUARITCH, LONDON, BNQLAND igos [OAXONOJ DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND «.a four hunared mile, raaiu,. ' "'"^'" "« « ■»". two. thre. Sktios II., 1902 [127] Tham. R. 8. (1 V\.~Dochet {St. Croix) Uland,-~A MonograpK By W. r Ganono, M.A., Ph.D. *»'-ad May 27, 1902.) iNTBODCCnON. Gboorapht. GbOLOOT and NatUKAL HiSTORT. Nauz*. JklAPS. LITERATURB. HlflTORT. 1. The Acadian Peilcd, 1604-1632, 2. The Boundat v Dlscussione, 1766-1799. "■ The Modern Period, 1799-191.2. 4. The Future. the Bav'of ''pT'"^ ""7/ ^r ''""^' "'" '° "''"^ " ™P"« into the Bay of Passamaquoddy, lies a little island, justly celebrated as one of the most .nteresting historical localities in this part of aL" witness d",^ ''1°'.'° ''*'°'^' "'-'^'^-^ "'»y "f 1«W, andtre later the ''"' ■'"^""''"^ °' """ P""^"™' settlement of Canlda later ,t became agam prominent in the discussions between the UnHed States and Great Britain over their boundaries, and was the cUef wtroZ "" f"".*'" "• ^"^ - ">" int^aLarWdar, while other events in its annals are not without at least local imno^ tance Though thus of interest to many people, t^Tu htto7hl" ceesiDie, or even, in no small nart oiintnn* ™i or tradition It is the object of tCUT^st for'th:^ l':ZX S^lfl^s^^r;^™'^ be able, all that isTnoTrtl^e paper ..peCally a„ I „,., .„ .....onlTZ:ZZVZ".Zl 17" erapWcal aid I have received In tenem,,. .1 ^ skilled blbllo- Victor H. Pausl.., or .he JnoV^lCrn'd .;= coTdUl l™ """,/""' "^■ Dr. Raymond, of St. John, whoallowed m.^hV^rJuee ', ,.-7 t" " "'"■ ot .he Boundary Con,ml..,„n In hl. Po JsirX pe. s.^^^' rhTn such of .hem as I choae. I have had vihiM i„»„™... Publish Jo.,eph Hucklns, .he p.eeen. ..ep^ro'f r,! hruTo^n^Lt^rfrrM" J.n,e. Vroom. of s.. s.ephen, and from Rev. Joseph Lee of 4.T'b ^ ' may no. be Inapproprle.e .„ add .hat I have myself b^.: , ^f,'' ^""*- " ...an. and ... .urround.n.. ,™m early bo^ood and . 1.7 " "'"' "" parucular .a...f..Uo„ .ha, I have found myself PH;,re.:d "0 'Iru'eTM..^ 1S8 ROYAt SOCIETY OF CANADA Gkoobaphy. F.a. 2.-Ma» .„ *„w the .urr„u„dln„ „, D„ehe, I.|.„, ' po^t., .„„. .even ™Ues i„ .en^H. .J ^e' ^ ." ^^ '^J^ 3ient Acadia, lal boundary ite of Maine t>. as legally 17=7 C K r ^■^ Andrews cal fact, leee two i^o miles [(iANOXG] DOCHKT (ST. CHOIX) I! r,«. 3.-M.P Of D«.he, ,.,and w„h „. .unoundln. ledge.. Kr.„„ „ T. CHOIX) rsLANII ISO ■iPoint igea. P'i-,)ni a i livsy by Ih.. aulhor In Srplfiiibpr, 1M2. •M CoAMoya] DOCKET (ST. CEOIX) ISLAND 181 in breadth, is really but an arm of the sea, salt and tidal Nearly midway of this estuary, and midway, too, between its banks, liee Dochet Island, in latitude 45° 07' 44", and longitude 67° 08' 03" The deepest channel is on the eastward, thus making the island a part of the United Stat<». The situation of the island is extremely beautiful. Both banks of the river, clothed with wcU-cultivatcd farms interspersed with lines and groups of trees and large areas of forest, slope upward into ridges and bills, culminating in Greenlaw and Chamcook, whose abrupt sides and rocky summits rise above six hundred feet from the tide To the northward one looks into Oak Bay with its prominent island and d«t«nt shores framed by the nearer Devil's Head, wooded and abrupt and the lofty hills of the Canadian shore. To the southward beyond he widenmg banks, lies Passamaquoddy, and over it, faint and far, the low hil), of Deer Island. Seen at its best, on soft summer davs there is much colour in the landscape, a bright blue sky and a deep blue se«, a dark green of the forest and a bright green of the fields, and here and there a red and a brown of the rocks. It is a goodly country, fair to see, the very perfection of quiet new world scenery never losing iU charm for those who have known it. The island is a very small one (Fig. 3), less than 300 yards (about one-sixth of a mile) in length in its main part, or less than 400 yards mcluding the partially detached " Nubbles," ■ and not over 125 yards m extreme breadth. It encloses in the main part about S acres The highest point, on a rocky ledge a little to the east of its centre (Fig. 14), ,s about 62 feet above extreme high tide mark,' or about 63 feet above mean tide level. From this point there is a slope in all directions, at first (on the rocky part) abrupt, but soon, (on the soil parts) more level. The entire island is, however, markediv tilted towards the westward, so that while the eastern shore i,, a ™tinuous buff rising nearly 40 feet above high tide, on the west it 'ope. in places almost down to high tide level. These features of slope are well illustrated in the accompanying photographs (Figs, ir IS) The eastern bluffs of the island are of clnv and sard, h .,rinff a' dense growth of ™n!l trees and resting upon granite rook except at the southern end, where an abrupt treeless bluff of sand without vegeta- tion has no visible rock, but only sand, beneath it. The low shore of the western side show, a thin soil resting upon rock, and bearing hut a few scanty hushes and very small trees, while the remainder of --e island, all fair soil excepting the rockv band of ledges across Mnn Nubbl. i. a word u«a fr,qu,„tly In ,hl, region for .mal. ,eml-d«.ch,d • According ic. !eve!« taken ty Ihyscif. 182 ROYAl SOCTETY OF CANADA It, IS cleared and cultivated as garden, or utilized as pasture (Fig 14) «l, ^m'"" I™ "f "' "■' ""•'" '"'^^ ^*»"* t^" !«'"«lly isolated J.T^ f' "^'""^^ """^ " P""^ °* ""> ">*'" '»'»■"'' insisting of masses of sand and clay, heavily wooded with small trees, resting upon f^e^ h- w ^- w^,!"^" '^ ■"**• ^"' "^ *■•<"" "■« main islandit every h.gh tide, but the smaller is still attached to it bv a low ridc^e of sand, never, or extremely rarely, crossed by the tide. " Around the Fio. 4.-Docll« Island and Its Immediate .urroundlngs. Prom the Unll.,1 Mow of better oom»rl«.n with tbe map, of llgurea 3, 8, 12 14 and hen™ ™t «r"r""" " "" ™'^™"" "''^^"'"' "'"■ -"" " - ".." ard wifh^L"' " T 'f ^''' ''"""' °" "^^ "■»?' (^'g^- 3. 4), connected with one enohcr by sand, gravel and boulders, extending on the Zt f t'h ", T"'^'""'' '™8' ^--dy point. Beyond the low-tide im ts of these lodges, as a rule, the shores slope down rather al,ruptly to he greater depths of the river; so that the ledges as a whole repre^ I^e rivir ""^ """"'^ '''""'^° "'"'^ ""^ general M^f '^i^J^T-''^!^!^^^^^ "P"" ""^ '''"■* "" ""»« »' the United Stat™ Light Station comprising a house with the lantern, earring « revolving flash light, upon it, roof, and various lesser buiZgf connected with the station, together with a small shed used bv Th^ ^^ t!:r™:^i:^."'• ™" ™'^ -''-^^ - •"' ^-<«' -^ th! ifi% [oakokq] DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 188 Geoloqt and Natueal Histobt. The history of any place is deeply inJiuenced by the physical enraonment, and some knowledge of this is essential to a full under- standing of ihe course of historic events. We must note, therefore, the natural circumstances and productions of Dochet Island Geohgy. Geologically, Dochet Island consists of a base and core of solid rock rising to over fifty feet above high tide level, resting upon which is a mass of clay sand and gravel (Fig. 5). The basal rock, which may be seen nearly everywhere about the island, is a red Flo. 5.-1-et published which colours the Island, makes It Silurian, which is an error. There appear to be two bands of granite on the Island, one of lighter na colour apd coarier texture forming the northern end and we.tem side and the other of darker red colour and much liner grain forming the eastern' imu-gln, together with the southern end and the ledges to the southward An approximate contact line between them may be traced along the eastern shore While the western coast of the river I. composed of this same granite, the eastern shore Is not. at least not opposite the Island, suggesting that a fault line, or line of contact must run, doubtless following the deeper channel, along the river on the eastward of the Island, a line which may be connerfd with the formation of this part of the river and It. extension into Oak Bay. Little Dochet Island, on the other hand. Is of very dllTerent formation, being a coarse conglomerate supposedly belonging to the Lower Carboniferous form>Mon icewer ll,.„ the Devonlani, and It is probable that the line of conUct between the two formations lies In the deep channel between the two islands. t84 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA lan granite, that is, granite which forced its way upwards in a molten state from deep in the earth, filling gaps and areas of weakness caused by movements of the earth's crust in the older Silurian rocks Now at this tune, it is fairly certain, the St. Croix river di(J not exist! and the present river bed was filled with Silurian rocks; or, more correctly, the river bed had not yet been cut out of the rocks. On the present site of the island there was probably some gap, or faf»-line m the Silurian rocks, and into this tha molten granite was forced irom below, just as it was in many other isolated masses now forming hills m this region. Later, in the course of the ages, the St Croix river began to flow over this place, and gradually, by the slow but resistless process of erosion, aided by the presence of contact and fault- lme8,0Ht down the rocks until the river bed reached the granitic mass now forming the island. After that it cut out the softer Silurian rocks around it much faster than it could cut the hard granite itself so that finally the granitic mass was left as a hill rising from a plain of the softer rocks. Then the land sank, and the sea entered this valley to such a depth that the top of the hill only was left above the sur- face; and this is the probable origin of the rocky part of Dochet Jsland. The soil resting upon these rocks is of glacial origin. It is known to geologists that in the glacial period, some thirty or more thousands of yonrs since, a sheet of ice several thousands of feet in thickness moved southeastward over this region. This ice smoothed these granite rocks, as may be seen beautifully at the north end of the island, and would have left them but naked rounded ledg«s had not the same ice sheet carried an abundance of soil ground from the rocks mits passage, which soU was deposited, especially as it melted, around and m the lee of the core of the island. The glacial movement on tht is'-nd was almost exactly true southeast (a trifle east), as is clearlv shovn by the course of the glacial grooves on the north end of th'e island; this is why the groat mass of the soil of the island lies on the southeast side of the rocky axis in the form of a long point ending m an abrupt bluff (Fig, 5), precisely such a point as is found in similar situations near by at Sand Point, Oak Point, Naw Island and elsewhere The fact that this soil is mostly fine, thus forming good agricultural land, indicates that its deposition took place in quiet water. Had the condilions been different, and a coarse boulder soil replaced it Dochet Island might have had no history. Onlv a few boulders exist on and around the island. Those above the tide, notably the huge one to the northward of the lighthouse, were, of course, brought here bv tho glacial ice from far to the northward at the time the soil was" laid down, which explains their composition out of rock different from that DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 18a (OAKOVa] of the island. Those below high ti. were, no doubt, brought for the most part at the same time, though some of them may have been dr fted by floating ,ce in recent times from the mainland up the river Following the glaeial period this region was submerged beneath the sea, during which lime this glacial soU was, no doubt, more or less worked over and given tlio final details of its levels and character. Ihc soil of the island consists of sand and clay much intermingled, and forming a fine agricultural soil of fair quality on which garden crops thrive well, a fact of some importance in its history. The inter- mingling of the clay and sand, instead of its separation into beds makes the so,l very pervious to water; and this, together with its shalloTOess does not allow the presence of springs, nor the possibility of good wells, a fact which had, as we shall sec, a great influence upon the early history of the island.' The surface of the island, as already mentioned, slopes to near the waters edge on the western side of the island, but elsewhere ends ■n bluffs of soil descending steeply to the rocks beneath, or to the sandy beach The bluffs on the north and east sides are covered with small trees but on the south the vegetation is wanting, and the bluff of sand and clay is so abrupt (Fig. 80, S4) that the least disturbance .8 enough to bring it down in an avalanche. Now, the foot of this bluff which rests on the sand beach, and the feet of others on the rocks as well, are washed by the waves at the highest tides, and they are obviously being eaten away by the waves and tide. That a washing away of the island is steadily going on is attested not only by the univereal testimony of residents in the vicinity, but also bv a compari- son of the several existent maps of the island, which also afford a fair measure of its amount. If we compare the ancient map of 1601 n.adebvChamplain(Pig.8),with the much later map by Wright (Fig 13), and with the two modern maps of 1885 and 1903 (Figs 13 3) a subject made the plainer it they are reduced to the same scale 'and superposed as in the accompanying fipires (Figs. 6 and 14') it will be seen that in three hundred years the iilnnd has lost little on its northern and western sides, but has lost grcatlv at its southern end and on the southwest, where large sections of the island, including the site of the cemetery of ICM and the knoll on which de Monti mounted his cannon,Jogethc^jvith much of the island north of I ■ The ll,ht-keeper ha. to ™ly for hi. water tupply upon re.e^r7fllUd by the rain coUected from the roof of hi. house. .l,.l.?r'""Il''.T*"'' ""'"'' ""'""■ "■" '" '""" »•'•" '""-^^"rnte, mu,. be altered .omewhat to nt the actual form of the l.land. It 1,. however given e«ctly In Fig. ., b„, In Fig. 14 „ I, altered lo accord a. nearly .. poa.ihl, _ wth ^hat wasi taivc been the ie»l r„,,„ „f the Island. KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 186 Wright's Nubble, have been totally removed' fFi<. 141 Tw .v.- process s still eoinir nn ;= .1. 1, ^ '"""""" ('>g- 14). Thot this keeper notes om LkJIrd Ze™ ." '^V'''' ""^ ^'»' *"" "S^t- by the fact that the si e „fa TdHuln tw T""'" """■ °°'' "''- the upland and of some use in wetT^es sT '' ''"? ""^""ded by stones on the rocky beach several fee f^2 X ""T"^ ^^ * ""S °^ Since the soU of \be island 7.1^0^ o ,»' ^'"^'.''P'''"^ (^'«- ">■ - ChampUin.Utif - Ctaii Smtj/jfff. ^w" Brttfnd f„:2::'r'f '"^ 'T"^°"^" ^tated^inOude a continuous washw awj 7 ^''"'Tr'" '='>''°™1 between. Now, geologists to rpTlble onlv wb° T" """ *''^ "■™»" '» '=''0™ by and 0^ such a srkt intiTrT ;r'"""'"^''^™«''- '"^ ««>' rbe rate of the- 3„tiiL't\7kn"own"U 7u^ tr' ^_a,d_ i.,s.^^_^^5^ ;:^;- ^r-':- ^vt note that one ol the piece, „t evidence, cited l^Th.! ., , " '"'""' •° .hi. ....nd, na™e,y,-.n Wrl.hf, ^J.^T,," ItZLl' ',"'"'" "°" a. •■.omew.hat green at It. top.'' lmp,y,n„ „., ,.,1"" "" " """"""> no. 1. ,s hare or vegetation, and .ppar'ntl olUtT.'^TfrT:' ""'"" [ganono] DOCHBT (ST. CROIX) ISLAND S'»h"""'i 't'"' ''"' P"'"'"y '""^'ly ''""fed with sou r^-n "'^'' "' *•"= "''''■ ^'■'^'' 'he subsidence appears to reLdW.,'''"j ,'''"'"'''''' ''^ ^°""'y ^"'hed away, leaving ■ rtl» f^r T °' ''"' '°'''>' '^''g'^- This, however, is still faf m the future, and engineering skill can, by the use of retlining walk ?:'ran;^Tnrryr :;r' "^ '•■^ '"'-^ ^'-'-"---^ ^::ZZT^ ----- ,^ ;;4e Of the hiS climate of the island can be gathered from 7^ 1 f ' "' '"« And KB which,only six t;:rata;7d?e:trut tt e^d'o^f a long peninsula projecting into Passamaquoddy Bay must hTvea chnmte nearly .dentical with that of the island/ The 0^0 of St ^!!d2!:^^J-jho™^thej.erag^for_aJarge series ^J^yl^' ■' 188 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA according to a table supplied to me by the Meteorological Office of Canada, u follows: — ST. ANDREWS. Mean htghest.. Mean loneiit . . Moan temperature. Mean dally range . . Abeolntely highest Absolutely lowest. Percent, of cloud.. Precipitation (inch) 4-^ From these figures it will be plain that the summer climate is always cool,' with much sunshine and a moderate amount of rain J he winter, lil<■ ™'^ = comfortable bathlnr. so I presume It does not rise above EOT. The coldness h. stJ Tr'l\'° ',"; '"'"■ "' "" "'"-'■>">'■-'"* «•"«" in combination w .h the strength of the tidal currents, which continually stir up the colder bottom water, thus preventing the warming up of the surface. And this 1, perhaps aided through the bringing In by the iMr. „f ih. „„,h . '"™"" »,.„m n,. .1. , ,. ' "■* ""'' ""rents descending from the north along ths Nova Scotia coast [OAHONG] IX)CHET (ST. CBOIX) ISLAND i8» il not of c-itremc, severity. This,.».ithout doubt, more than anythinR fZ\ dotermmed the abandonment of the St. Croix aa the site of a settlement. Ha« the first, and the few later winters, been as mild as are often experienced in this vicinity, it is quite likely that thi» Zeh «r ":' 'f""" ■'""' "■°""' ''«™ ■-""i"-^ the' centre of I^neh settlement and power in Acadia, ^n which case its later history and perhaps Us status to-day, would hf , been markedly diffr -ent. nothfn! , ';-~'^'"' """"■'" ^'"""y "f 'h" inland presents noth „g peeu ,ar so far as I can find. N„ ^,, ,^^ J l>»t the plants or an.mals. The plants which naturally occur there are the common trees of the vicinity, pines, spruces, fir». maple" tt mtr^M ? ""' "^''- ^"-^ ('°™"ly) -•<. thus comprisi „: he most useful trees nat.ve to the region. With these grow certain ^7nlants a^^^'-T'""" '"*; ""^""'"^^ » '^'"^e of L common plants of cultivation m garden and field. On the rocks between tidi other forms of the 8cawceough little esteemed in this Muniry. The abundance of these fo-ms is emphasized bv Cham- plam and by Lescarbot,- and is noted upon Wright's map of 1797 (Fig. 12); and, without doubt, it had much to do with the selection of the island as the site of the settlement in 1604. With these, and on the rocts between tide marks, occur many other forms of lesser economic importance,- three or four forms of sea-snails, limpets, sea-urchins, star-fishes, jelly-fishes, barnacles, and so many others' as to make the zoology of the island a very interesting study, and the island Itself an excellent situation for some scientific station for the study of marine life. In this connection it is worth noting that there has been found upon the island and in Oak Bay a southern form of star- fish, not elsewhere known in this region nortli of Caaco Bay which fact, taken with other evidence, proves the former occurrence here of an mterestmg southern colony of animals now nearly extin- ' Natives.— Among the other natural productions of the region we must include its wUd men. The Indians of this region were, and are, of the Pasaamaquoddy tribe, a portion of the race called by Champlain, the Etechmins, and by modern writers, the Abenaki They have always formed out a sparse population, of mild and inofensive disposition; and never in the history of the Passaraaquoddy region have their hands been raised against the white settlers, French or Eng- lish. Fear of these Indians, now known to have been groundless but very real to the French, was one of the causes leading to the selection of the easily defended island by de Monts as the site of his settle- ment in 1604. , /""f ofmnronmmt on early hUtory.-Vf^ may now summarize briefly the effect of the natural facts and phenomena just considered upon the islands history, which all hinges upon its selectior by de Monts as the site of his settlement in 1604, as fully related in the following pages. Why then was the island selected? In the first place, standing as It does, a small but elevated island all alone in the very middle of a large nver, it is a striking place with a distinctive and dividual character. Thus it would attract the immediate attention rf ' See later, page 168. ' ""^ " See later, page 182. • These forma of animal life have been fully treated f^r tht. . . var.ou. articles in the Bulletins of the Natural H.'t rrsociet" of New Si " wick, later mentioned, pa«e 162. =ucieiy or New Brunj- • ConBltoed 111 the aforcir.emlonM Bulletin. IX., use, pag, 54. [OAlfOHa] DOCKET (ST. OBOIX) ISLAND Ul do Monts, who, for weeks hud been searching in rivers and bays for 'Zenl^Vhed^'f f.r""""^ " '""^'o ■" "■' propZ set- noZ 'of « 7 '' "" """' "' "■" ■'■'"'^^^ ^^ P"f«', giving no hu.t of the winter severity. Its situation, moreover, is ex remedy far apSlf n7 ; "'''^' '^ '"' "«' '"" '"''is explorations s! far, apomtof no small .mportance to the impressic^nable Frenchman Kxammci more closely, the island was found large eaough for a seTtle' ment but small enough, and of a nature, to be'easirdefended f o n L ' vet 2' * '' T"""' ''^ ^""''"°" ^'■'"'anded an extensile wlw m every direction making it safe from surprises. Its surface wal elevated and healthful and nearly flat, affording a good site foTdwdT mgs, while It w^s covered with the best of timbl ^Z on the grout for use in buUding. The soU was mostly fertile, primlingwdrfor bol?'"- /*t '''"" ^^' '"^^'■^» ^fo^'^'d good lanZg plal for boats, and here was a sheltered harbour for small vessefs ItZ the hores supplied an abundance of edible shell-flsh always availlb^ I'd the sea around swarmed with the most valuable f«>d fishes ^. ^f watr . '° f '''Tr ^""^ - "-^ -mmer was le scarry bLr/n ;/ /r^P*. "^ ^"''' ''"' "PP^^^'l-V ''-'""Wul supplies of both could readily be brought from the mainland, it j^ little woLer nrom d ' ' n"'' "^"'^ '^ '"^ ^"^ <" ■>'» settlement a pl^Thth promis d so well; and, when tempted to criticise h^: .hdre il the ght o subsequent events, as it has been the fe,hLn to do from he time of Lescarbot to the present, we should rememoer that Z the abl. and tha the causes which resulted in the abandonment o' the ettbmen. only developed later and were not indicated by any fact ticaJly as the result of a single phenomenon, namely, the unusnaUv severe winter of 1604-160.5. Had that winter been ^ mUd "many are in this region the settlers would not have suffered so terribTyTrTm cold; they could have been more abroad to the great benefit of th." health, and could have caught fish for the beLCnt of the diet the ice would not have prevented them from bringing fresh waer and wood from the mainland, and the scurvy need not have WnTata had .t appeared at all. Had that first winter been a mild one the st tie ment would not have been removed to Port Royal; and the St Croh vd ey. If not the island itself, would have become the centre of F^nch wttlement and power in Acadia. In this case, the subsequent histoid and in some small degree the present status, of the St.'cToix ™u7; 14S ROYAL 80CTETV OF CANADA would have been very different. Upon such small accidents does the course of history often turn! Naheb. The island has borne several names, — Met-a-neg-uis, Saincte Croix, Hone, Docket and Doucelt, Neutral, Big (or Qreat), de Monta, and Hunt's, all of them more or loss closely interwoven with its history. Docket. — (Universally pronounced in the neighbourhood. Do [like so] -sMy, with accent on the first syllable.) This is the name by which it is exclusively known in the St. Croix valley at present, all other names being unknown or merely matter of tradition among the older residents. To ascertain its origin we turn, of course, to early records. TTic earliest use of this name I can llnd is in documents of 1797, connected with the boundary disputes, where it appears as Doceas} I do not find it again until 1841, when it occurs as Docicis in a manuscript lectnre on New Brunswick History, by Moses Perley, preserved by the New Brunswick Historical Society in St. John, and in the same year, Gcener, iho geologist, spelled it Dochri in a letter.' Sext it appears upon Owen's Chart, " Quoddy Hd., to C. Lepreau," of 1848, spelled (for the first time) Docliet, and this form is followed upon all charts, both English and American, down to the present dav. ] find it next on Wilkinson's fine map of New Brunswick of 1859 as Dovcelts, which is followed as Doucette on the Geological Survey Map of Charlotte County of 1880, by Loggie's map of 1884, by New Bruns- wick Statutes, mentioned below, in 1896 and 18!)!l, and by many other maps and records. Indeed, Doucetts has become the recognized spell- ing in New Brunswick. Such are the facts, but for their interpreta- tion we have the aid only of tradition and inference. The local tradition derives the name from that of a young woman named Dotia (Theodosia) formerly associated »-ith the island. The late Peter E. Vose, of Dennysville, Me., a devoted student of local history, wrote me in 1891, quoting an earlier article of his own in the "Eastport Sentinel," that when a boy he had heard from his father the story of a young woman named Dosia who, sometime after the permanent set- tlement of this part of the river in 1784, used to resort with her lover to the island, to the great scandal of the neighbourhood which thus came to speak of the island as Doeia's. Another form of the story is given by the late Edward Jack, also deeply versed in local history, > Document ffivn Iftter on page 200: used k« Doeiat 4n Benion'l Report of ITH. mentioned later, peve 209. ■ ntvd In the St. Croix Courier Series (on which see later. pa«e IBl). No. XXIII. [OAKUNO] DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 148 as follows: ■ " My father told me that a party of young people «ho Do^ta-riLTr' ""^ If "V*^'^ '" "-" P— t -ntfry named 1 St St J V^'^"'" "'''' '""* ''™ " ™^ P«"y y™°g lady in St Stephen who was called Theodosia. She was, I believe, a Mis, or rtsMl..„t „l - ,],o ,sh„„| „„,, „„,ii;„,es to her such Rreat personal b auty as to have led the residents in the vicinity to speak of the on, but the foundation of them all, a close connection between a •ounK woman named Dosia (Theodosia) and the ,s!and, causing them e long talked about in the neighbourhood in conne;ti„n wfth o^ another, explams I believe, the real origin of the name. D sia T a eommonly used contraction for the name Theodosia, and, l^al ly at lea. m th.s region, where women still bear the na^e, it is pro"^ nounced as Do-shay, precisely ^s the name of the island is. Sucl, an ongm„ ,n ent.re accord with the methods bv which place-names anse, and .t explains perfectly the first use of the word in The f^ Doceas or Docas. The later variations are easily e.vplained Capt2 Owen socms to have originated the form nochet; doubtless he, knowing the ear y assoc.at.on of the island with the French, supposed the namf as locally pronounced to be of French origin, and give it a F,^nch spelhng to agree with its pronunciation; and the ^eat nfluenrof his chart, the basis for all t...se in use to-dav caused this ^^7 .1 1 ^Z" V 'u ^'''"■'' ''=P'''^^™t^ another effort to attribute to the .ord a French ong,n, of which there are other examples on WiMn ons „ap. It , „it, p„,,iy^ j^_^^ ^^.,^,_^^^^ P^ .1km had some connection with the nan.e of John Dou eU, LieutenTnt l7T': T""]!' """'' ''' "''■ ""O "-is determi;edli sM mg though on th,s theory the final e should be absent. Kilby (in hL Fastport and Passama^uoddy, page m). suggests that the is and mav b^mwne^for Li eutenant-G overnor Doucet^but there is absoluTdy ' St. Croix Courier Series, No, XXIV. Mu! t,',T """"' '"*'' "'"'-' """" "'""'"='"« m thi, connection I, ,,hl,. A Ml., Mllberry, now Uvln. In St. Stephen, .ay. th.i the l.l.„d „L1 k lU l.„l owner, but h. n,.y have been .„ «rll.r rcljent th.n we have o^.r I oceulonally un the form DmIu,,, I,ln4. ■"*""• Sw. II., igoi. ID, 144 KOYAL SOCIETY Or CANADA no known fact to sustain it, while tho fact that the form Doucet or Doucette is not known to occur prior to 1869 is an insuperable objec- to it,' aside from the fact tlmt the ' il pronunciation of the word Doshay, could hardly have been deriv rom Doucett. A combination of the forms Dochet and Doucette, namely, Douchet, is sometimes used, as by Winsor (America, IV., 137), and other variants occur. St, Croix, or Isle Saincie Croix.— This was the name given it in 1601 by Sieur de ^'onts, as Champlain's narrative, later cited," records. Champlain docs not tell us why the name was chosen but his contemporary, Lescarbot, explains ' that it was suggested by the resemblance of the meeting of the rivers above the island to a cross (see Fig. 8), and this is fully confirmed by the fact that both Cham- plain and Lescarbot on their maps give the river a marked cross shape (Fig. 1). This name was used in the Jesuit Relations and one or two later documents, cited below (page 196), often abbreviated to Ste. Croix, down to 1633, when it vanished, only to reappear as an alterna- tive name for tho island, and usually anglicized to St. (not Ste.) Croix, in connection with the boundary disputes in 1797 (Fig. 12). It lingers upon certain later maps, as on Purdy's " Cabotia " of 1814, and on Bouchette of 1815, and oven in deeds, later cited, of 1836 and of 1856, the former of which speaks of the island as com- monly called St. Croix Island. But it has not in recent times been in use as the common name of the island. It was, of course, from the island the name was extended to the river, first by Champlain him- self. Some maps, show, and records mention another St. Croix Island in this region, namely. Treats Island, near Eastport. The name was improperly used under a misunderstanding, but it long persisted on maps.* Bone.— This name first appears on Wright's fine map of this region made in 1712, on which we find the earliest modern representa- tions of the island, reproduced later in this pn.-er (Fig. 10). The name is further applied to it in sundry documents connected with the boundary discussions of 17i)6-179S, (mL«printed 7{on and Boon). and is on Wright's map of 1797, giv en herewith (Fig. 12). It pcr- ' It Is not necessary to go Bo far afield or aback to And a Doucet after whom one might claim It to have been named. I am Informed by U. Placlde Qaudet, our leading Acadian genealogist and historian, that one Charles Doucet, born In 1776, at Bate Ste. Marie. N.B.. removed to St. Andrews or vicinity when a young man, and married there a Miss Monroe, and they bad several children. But there is nothing to connect him with the Island. ' Page loS. ■ Page 180. ' li is aiBco=cd in tr.fK Trar,=a--"n'"=. '-'I! , «., 5a7. [OANOlia] DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 14B eists aa late as Bouchette'a map oi 1831 but then vanishes, and it is now locally unknown even to tradition. We have no facts to explain the ongin of the name; but since we now know that the cemetery in which were buried the thirty-five victims of the winter of 1604-1605 has been gradually washed away, it seems not improbable that it was thp exposmg of their bones which gave origin to the name .V«i,(ra;.-Although not now in use, this name is well known tra- ditionally. I have been told by a very old resident that it originated at "le time of the war of 1812, when, as later mentioned (page 213) the British and American vessels mot here to exchange their cargoes of plaster, as upon neutral ground. The earliest use of it I have found 18 m Williamson's History of Maine of 1839, when he says he inhabitants often call it Neutral Island." It occurs in the deed later mentioned of 1856, and is mentioned by Kilby and several other writers. Big (or 0«a().- These forms appear not now to be used, but tliey occur m deeds of 1830 and 1869, later mentioned (pages 214 217) The name, of course, was by way of contrast with Little Dochet,' these two being the only Lslands in that vicinity. De Monls.- This name waa formally given in 1866 by officers of the Lnited States Coast Survey, as described o. a later page larkman m his "Pioneers of Franco," published the preceding y^r speaks of it as De Monts Island, though evidently using the word descriptively and not as a proper name for the island, and it was per- haps, this use, fresh in their minds, which led the Coast Survey off -era to adopt It. I am informed by the Superintendent of thu Coast Sur- vey that Professor Hilgard in 1866 named it DeMonts Island and for several years subsequently Dochet and DeMonts were used indif- ferently, but the latter afterwards disappeared entirely from Light- bouse Lists and from Hyd.„gr„phie Office Charts." I have not Ln any chart or other government publication using the name, though It IS adop ed in Brown's "Coasting Voyages in the Gulf of Maine" (rn Collections Maine Historical Society VII). Kilby in his "Ea«t- port and Passaraaquoddy " (page 126), suggests, apparently indepen- dently of earlier use, that it should bo called DeMonts Island But the name has never come into use, and is quite unknown locally for the island.^ ^ ' Th. n.m. I., however, coming loc.lly lnto"u.7f„r^lh, polntTiThT^;;;!;. H«d on Which th. .ummer rotl.ie, .r. bull.. A f.w ywr. aio l.^t,!^ co...„. were built n«r 1.. .„ th.t the pl.ce In general, which I, E « by i long ejtent of wooda from the hlahnav and o'*-r -s."s •- Known locally .Imply a. DeMont.. In mi th. hot.1 ,..'burn«l «d h^Tot Jfef-s ue ROYAL SOaETY OF CANADA (by permission o( the SuperintendT^t of tt V f ^^l" ■■"P"'^""^^ name is entirely nnknow^ locally fo'thV, J T'^l '" ^'^^ "' '^'■'' Superintendent of the Coa^rSnfvf; 1 1 th"./ "1°" '"^""^^ "' ""> in the Survey oiHoe as to the reaTo'n ft i /" ^"^ '' "'"' '""™ name is on the original manuscript sh«t i "'""■ . J'™^'' *"» map made from it (Fig 4) and it ^f' u"J" '"' """ Published possible explanations occur for this name'- - wlh'^rf ^'^'^- '^"' to use the name de Monts aivZ tT ,' , . ' "'"' " ""^ i-'-nded 1866, but that owing to ilSfn™^ ""^ ''™'' «"" -' - with the survey it wts puXntroIZLl:?^ "?"" ™"'=''^'«' more probably) the name was transferred tniM- f 1 ' '"'"'"^' (•""" on the northwest of the island ll , ^^ ™''*''' '"■'""» l«d«e l«Jge (Fig. 3). '"""' "''"''' '^ ''^''".V ofton called Hunta -meS:";!tr';e"p^:a:r^ <'-^" "^-""^ --".-0. s„unded, to its exact foL and sS^fiTn^ VtV™" »/ '"« '^'a-^- A,' States Bureau of Ethnology, „u, bi; ttL * *"' "' "'^ ^"""^ quoddy language, writes me^hat he derives the '' ""^ *'' ^''^'''™- meaning "the little island at the end " U' "IT't """ f f "^^"'' diminutive of m'niku, « island "> ,„7.. ' *'"' ^"''' ""i?""''. to the end of navigat on nJ' ? u° '"^^^''^ ">»' >' may r«fer C..a„ and s.. Stephen 7. wi "/ „ I"',,'" " " "'"^-^^^^V^iir^;^^ It may here be noted mnZ,, n '»<;™e» per.l.tent. .ha. Devlu Head ,. a ™.up.?„„Td'o?;,r ,:?" -" '""■' '-" ^""^ St. C o,x l.,a„d ,„ ,604, Head. I. a pure ,"e« l^^^T"'"" °' "" «»"" «' "■er from „,.t„rlcal document, or „Z. f„ >'>«»lutely „„ ,aol „h,t. word c„ be traced back ,„ ,t. prZ, r '"'°" "■ "" '"' ""--'""y. the doc™.„t, ,0 1,70, When It .pp.1 ' , , ™ ""°"^'' '"■'""'"" "«■«."* All the p,^babnme., therefor. .71^,1;"" °"'"' ■""'""" "P^Hed aTno" prominent .„d .o„ewha. ir^-J^l ^J^^ri^lZlTT '''' ''''^ '''•''■ ^"^ .. innnmerabl, other place. ,n ,;,;„ ^..^ of " °'"" " '"■«'«1>- .r. named for him. Another or:,, . 7o«n, , ■""'""■a. nncanny nature. tiven ,,«.„,. that ,t ,. f„r a man named Duva""h''' '" "■' ''"■■-' " above .hown, the word loe. back in 7,. °"" """ "ehlnd It. a. -nt ,n thi. vieinit,. ^^o.' ^tj'ztz: iz: iz' ""' " •"' «"" [qanong] I>OCHET (ST. CHOIX) ISLAND 147 probably simply at random The L'f^f "' "'"'» ""^ i^'''-'^." the MS. of ,he boundary CommhsZl . f '''"" ""''» ™<»>« te..i-nonytakenfro»InI„;r„" r^gf" "^-l (P^»- "») ^ there when they wont a hunting T *'^ '"" ">"■• «'"«'. etc., down there." Another t'"^' I ^V JL" " "*"" ''"^ "■'-'« -' -p.fie.aplacelikeastofe„rohest"whL'T';, ^ ' ' '^''''=h .^■«., because a place whore a store / J ""'''' ^'"' "^^""m*^- ment of the three IndLV ''"P""' '""«»•" ' This agree- important in its beari^t :' t^e'C: "' """"^ ^'^P"'"^' ' i« however, I cannot further l°XI^ " """"""S of the word, which, «i':^::r i;'r 7°:„Zeri r ^^- ">- -- from Wright's map (Fig lo) thT-h^^ ^ ''''"' ^"^ '"'^•'" 1-alIy. Treat, c'J isl,ed looaHv and f """^ '" "^ ''°'^°»™ ^;I.o worked on the island n ear y'davs "' Z ""' '" '"« '''•■^™»° //"«/. /..rf,. is used lo™Ily Zl7n-l \ " "'™"™^'' ^P"?^ ^l^). partially isolated islets at the south nfl.T "' ""«'"■ ^he two ;V«M/«,andIhavenamedoorw,t ;;;'■''"' "" "^"^ -"«! he Indian chapel built by de Mont, /r ?™° "'"'^ "" " "'""d «'ri:7W* iV^«iW«, since it is fl^t 1 ^ F' ^' ">' ""d «>« other » Wright's map, fo^ „„ Champlair-r°'"''' '"" "'^ ">»- '''"nd (%• H). .^Vhen other nam^'lre "o'^S 'f ""', "' ""' ""'■'' '''-^ or, indeed, for other places Hh/vir^ " ^^^' °° 'he island, cl»bs, yacht* of the neighbourhood th? '' "' '''" '" '«'**«■ •">""« of those of the eon,p.~':;tXr llf '^ ''™™ '"" «-« paper. "'' ^onts, later mentioned in this Maps. ^POcil'LtoT'thr^nl UstlJtnd '"' 'T ''» ^-— «"t, -^on u w,,, i,appelr:t^de:^lir™'' ^™"°' "'^■» "' '-» "^e «.et,Ttl^-p^r;r,t r^^, ^' ''^ '"" °^ '-"o'' -f^^-r?^Ss^i;ur:hi^^>i ■ Compare al.o KIlby', " eI^ZZ T^^ — ~ ^° ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 148 States Ccst Survey in 1885 (Fig. 13); fourth, one made by the present Z^l Z"'J"Tr"' T' "" """"^""^ ™ '"-^ Transaiuons'of th Royal Scvcety of Canada, new serie.. Vol. V, section ii., page 265; W02 in T 7,^' •={ 'h^™'"' f^«n a new survey in S^^ember 1902, and here (Fig. 3) published for the first time: Owine to an inaccuracy m the «™pass used in the 1898 survey (a m"kelplated TatTa: """ ^''--'-''''y *» «-« «° <" error L somT^i? ons) Tl totenZ rr™** "J!?"° °' "' ''^^' '"■^' '" "o-^-nce Irfbl M ,t. ^.'^'** ""'""7 " ^"i"™ directions, locally and m the Mame State and the Massachusetts Land Offices, ias failed to Bhow the existence of any other maps of the island L dear bet HOf Champlain. c4 Fia 7,-All Of the k,„„„ «^„y ^^ .^„„,„^ j,^^^^ ^^^ ^_^_^ with the St. Croli River. Original .i,e. first ?/tf f'f r"^'*" f- "" "«'■"' "" *'""" «>e i^I^nd is shown, the first ,s that of Champlain, dated 1610, of which the St. Croix portion different form on his maps of 1612, 1613 and of 1638 (Fig. 7) in two ' me Le.carbot map !• from the 1809 e of hli ■• Hl.tolre ^TiT;^ v.n. rmnce": the 1610 Champlain map I, from the oonv ,„ R,^l! ?„ "" [ganoitg] "OCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 14S appears also on LeBoarbot's earlier map of 1809, bat unnamed (Fig 7) Suteequent maps of the region become muel, distorted, andlh' slald .;,..' '^P *'"' *''^ "^"^ J'"''^ Inland on Wriglit's great Indian name on Carletl'^tptf" Se lf\sj Tugh :fth iH name and that of Little Dochet transposed. JVom 1773 dowJ to tht sC"L«T T """'"'' "' '"*-^ -"'' -metlmes : Id and Zted%T»f A "^TJ"^ '*' "'"'' '^''*"''''' «Pr'=«entation upon the United States Coast Survey Chart of 1893 (No 300) of which a n„7 Z 'of tr Tl""" '^'^- '>' ""* '"'^ ■■' ">e largestlTe pub ished LlTEBATUHE. The history of Dochet Island has been of such interct and in conn«tmn with the boundary dispute., of such impor^ce al o gi " Lses ';°""^^™"f !""»'"-• This may be' divided in ^ Ive lasses. -(1) ongmal historical narratives and other documents 8 references m general historical works, (3) scientific literature (i) popular accounts in newspapers and other fleeting souree7rd (5) pure literature, romance, and poetry ^ ' bv f^t' "' T™"^"^*"" ""^'"'" '"'"'"«'l publications. Of these written by Zl77l^^ " T''" ^"^"^^ '' «'-' ^"^ Champlain," and nnbUshfdT "^'"""P''"". ^""I^nion of de Monts in 160 , and published as a quarto at Paris in 1613. This work is now very nuWi!h rf n'' '."" " "'"''■""= '" *'■'' ^'^■«™ -" Champlain's w it „Z published at Quebec in 1870, under the editorship of Abbe Uverdiere a work whose faithful reproduction of the original te.t (mar ed ody by the crudeness of reproduction of some of the illustrations) T.I scho any annotations make it one of the monuments "ca^dl^' schoarship From this the text in the following ^.ges is tek™ There IS also an edition of Champlain's works published Lislt tTo w !,r'"''"^ '^"'™ "' ^™ - l«-^5. and w'rfideli V i^ Mh^;Hd a"d"t°V''™' ""r" ""'"'"' °" -""-viatedtl^l^unt ™Jr r.t , discovery, but omits the account of the settle- ment^ChampIam'sJM^oyages^^lG^^has been translated Into ..V- Jet;:, x;'„- : r irz— ^•— r— ^■^" 180 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA English by Pr. C. P. Otis, annotated by Eev E. F. Slafter, and pub- lished at Boston in 187S-1SS3 by the Prince Society, an extremely good work with photographic reproductions of the illustrations; this trans- lation I have used as a basis for that in the following pages, not hesitating, however, to alter it whenever, which was rarely, I thought it could be improved. There is, however, an earlier account of the voyage and settlement of 1G04 which, as Parkman has said, may have becT. written by Cham- plain himself,— namely, that in Le Mcrcvre Francois, a contemporarv French journal for 1C08, published in IGll, and this is reproduced later in this paper, together with a translation based upon that given in the Magazine of American History, Vol, II., 4». Second in impor- tance to Chamjlain's wsrks comes the " Histoiro de la Nouvelle France." published in lf>0!) by Marc Lescarbot, a lawyer of Paris, who spent the years of 160G-1C08 in Acadia, and visited the island in 1607. Ho obtained llis facts, of course, from Champlain, with whom ho passed a winter at Port Eoyal, and upon some matters he gives more kformction than does Champlain himself. New editions of his "Histoire" were published in 1011, 1612 and 1618, and that of 1613 which is followed in the te.'it later in this pp -.., has been reprinted, not in fac-sirailo, but somewhat modernized, by Tross at Paris in 1866. The different editions not only differ from one another in the amount of materirl included, but tliey also vary eonsidcrablv in the details of the text,' although, so far as the parts relating to St. Croix Island are concerned, the diftcrences appear to be merely in diction and not to involve any change of meaning or additional matter." The parts of Lescarbot's work relating to de Monts' voyage and settlement were translated into English by a clergyman -named Pierre Erondelle and published at London in 1609 under the title "Nova Francia- or the description of that part of Now France which is one continent with Virginia ..." I have used this quaint and interesting trans- ation, which I was tempted to reproduce here exactly, in making the translation given later in this paper. This translation of Erondelle's IS given, abbreviated, in I'urchas' "Pilgrims," Vol. IV., and in full m ChurehUl's Collections of Voyages, Vol. VIII. The only other prmted onginal documents relating to the earlier periods of the ■ on the different edition., consult Blggar, ■■ The French Hakluyt, Marc Lescarbot of Vervin,,- In American Historical Review, VI., 671-892 Full blbIlo»rac:.:cal detail, ot the work, of Champlain and Lescarbot are given by WInsor In Chapters III. and IV. ot Vol. IV. ot his -America ■• ' As shown by a comparison of the three edition, mad. for me by my friend, Mr. Victor H. Paltslt., ot the Lenox Library. jao^ [MTOso] DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND ,01 island's history are contained in the Relations of the Jesuit Mission aTtratll-'"" """"^ •^"" ^""^'^"^ ""^ republlhoT 1 o ^ ,' Thwlr " ^''""'y"'"'^ volumes under the editorship of B G rh,a,tes a monumental work of research and scholarship. The cita upon 'the to'T", "" T™ ""' ■='^'"°°- T^^ rtoeum'ents b ar L; upon tlio later history of tho island are mostly still in JIs in fh? the Wr^of Can U '°°'':,°' ""'"^' "■= ""'^ ">"' "" ""''^ ''™«"g a.atrru:'i.;i;:r:::rin-:::sritr ;m97t'r "r"/'"v "'' '" '^^ ^"""-J - naliburton's NorScota nl Mate 08 :, ;^,'™"\^'?f >' «-->"^ ^-^- (187;), ^t Uon of vJ»f '; " ""'".^™» ""i-o (1S39), Willis's Earlv Collec- IS I 4 :°^'f °'"'.^'™^ ^^ ""= ^^-"^ Historical Socfety; V ma~ In thr« . ' " « t««ta™t of it, with reproductions of th (i.»i) treat^ it fuify, hut:^:; riLtr 'rssr ^^liirMr-r^^^X;^--;:-;--^^^^ :::Sei'tt^rVxm'i:xx^/rtr™ °' ?\r ^ gsji^^^^^r^nhif::;^^.-^ adian History lieadinjfs" a900> Tho into, ,7 •' ""^.'1 "'s Can- identity of the island its nil . '"toesting questions as to the from Lral write" ;„^h?' \ "" "''""^ '"""' »«™"™ "AmiaJs,"? ma'm of sTd^-r'r •'"' *''' '^^^•^' '" holmes' Maine (I, 88 and ' II ors) fn I j'." ™''™"''''' ^''^ of edition/ if c,4.a^: T^^'f^::;,-^!^ '^'''T Thwaites' Jesuit Relations TT 901 r '/"^°' "•■ '3'. and in :— .1^ I'Wlir les ROYAL 80CIETV OF CANADA New Brunswick " m these TranaactionB, V., section II., 262-866. The part played by the «land in the Boundary controversies is touched t^t^t" ■"C^'T^^P'' "f the Evolution of the sTundaL of the Provmce of Jew Brunswick," published in Vol. VII. of the Trans- actions of the Royal Society of Canada httle, and it has been referred to in the preceding pages. The Geo- formation, though, as already pointed out, erroneously, but the acco^ Pjmying reports make no mention of it. Brief ^.ieren es tTtre ZcZ,^"' '"f/""" "-ere, in identification of those mentioned by Champlam and Lescarbot, are given by the present writer in th« ^:^7 i "'vJ?*""™' "'^'"^ '°'='''*^ »' New'srunswi™ N VI^ page 17; No. VII., page U, and No. VIII., pages 4-6, 16), whUe a bJZT^" 't^™''"" ""■''^'' '"™"'"S therT occur; in^'thrsame fnc f \f ^M '.^^ ''• ""'^ *'«"' «'^«' I »° fi°d no refer- encea to the island m scientific literature. ahunl'n^^'r^^^^^i""*'"" " newspapers there has been an v?r.rK ^''^'-"""* "^'"g 0"^ ■>« the chief local attractions, is tta ZL ""^^o" t"-^" ^turn home publish their experiences in c^rateTn'^T' /"* »"™tives are sometimes g^tesquely inac- .!.!;» ^ '^ characteristic exaggerations, and thiy tave no permanent value One of the first of such articles is sjd locally !nd r w? ""f f "' '" '^^ ^"^ ^°'^ ^"'^ ''""' f«rty years ago, and IS worth note because it reproduce! the two maps of Champlin «id became a chief source of information locally about the island An nterestmg reference to a visit to it occurs in a book for chUdren pages Mg-m ^'?''""'"'°'" '■y ^^^ Crowinshield (Boston, 1886), Of pure literature the island has almost none. No romance ™n„^"-r™. rr "" ""'' *'""'«'' "' ™^i~t o""" tempting opportunity, and ,t has inspired but two short poems, one, an Ode to de Monts, written by Lescarbot on his voyage to the island in 1607 and contained in his "Muses de la Nouvelle France,"' and A W H wiU differ as to the merits of the latter, and its many inaccuracies mar ^t s application to the place. In time to come, nerc hanc^e^^^^^^ ■Given In the Tros. edition. Vol. III., page 46, of the •■ Muee.." There 1. in thl. .or,. a„„ .„ ode to de Mont, and h.e aseoCate,, and .onnef to Cham plain, Poutrlncmrt, and ChampdorS. ^" --nara [OINOKO] DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND IBS lelt ,t.-may the result then be worthy of the subject! History. Fir.^'i!'''^7, °' ^°""=' ^''""^ f*"» ""'"""y into four periods •- F.rst.-.ts »-~y_^ae^,„„, , ,„, J, _^^ J^^;-^^ Second,- xts part in the boundary controversies and in the deter- Third-its Zr Z1 "■" ''"■" ''■ C'"'-^ '" J'Sfi-l""- modern h.sto^ from the first pennanent settlement of p„„^i, •. '"'^"'^ 'o *''« present. Fourth,- ,ts probable and desirable future. ^/;hetzio::::ti^"r^sir;r^^s^-:^ could be given a. compenL.tion a'mono^o y tf fj "A.T^r Th^ Amerl from al^^aeT^'l ZZV^ Z'f: ."""' "' """^^ ton (Fig. 1) Acco^Zi , '■ I'hiladelphia to Cape Bre- them up^n two vTr one of ^2^""^.?' ""'^"°^""' '"«' «-'»^ked * . • ' , r ( m^^^^Kf, IB4 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA June 16th, the other vessel, commanded by Sieur de Pont Grav« remaining at Canso. Eml .rking in a smaller boat, apparently a barque of eight tons, with a few men, de Monts and Champlain proeecded to explore the Bay of Fundy, hitherto unknovra to Euro- peans, discovering Port Royal and Annapolis Basin, passing around the head of the Bay of Fundy, and entering the mouth of the St John, on June 24th. Then they kept on to the westward, passing tho islands we now call the Wolves, ana entering Passamaquoddy Bay, through which they passed. But from this point on we shall allow Champlain to tell the story as he has written it in his own book.' CHAPITRE Iir. .... nov,, on[S2]tra«n!M dan. vne rlulere qui a presQua deroy. llaua da arga en aon enlrfa, oil ayan, fa:ct vne lleue ou deux, noua y trouuaames deUT Isles: 1 vne fort ratlte proohe de la terrc da I'ouest: & rautre au milieu, qui peut aiolr hulcl „u nauf cens pa. de circuit, e.leufe de tous co.tez de trol. » quatre i.!"a de rocher.. for. vn petit cndrolct d'vne polncte de Saible 4 terre «ra.se. laquelle peut serulr 4 falre brlquei. & autre, cho.es necessalres. II y 8 vn autre Ilau k couuert pour mettre de. valsseaux do quatre vlngt 4 cent tonneaux: mal, II a..eche de ba..e mer. L'l.Ie e.t remplle de ,apl„.. boul- leaui, esrable. & che.nes. De .oy elle est en fort bonn, wtuatlon. & n'y a quvn costs oil elle bals.e d'onulron 40. pas. qui c.t al,5 a fortlner, les co.te. de la terre terme en e.lana de, deux costez cil j.u . ., quelqu„ - „cur cens a mine paa. II y a de. vaLseaux qui ne pourroyent passer .ur la rlulere qu'i la mercy du canon d'lcelle Qvl est lo lieu que nous lugelme. le mellleur: tant pour la situation, bon pays, que pour la communication que nous pretendlon. auec les sauuage. de ce. co.te, & du dedans de, terras, estans au mllUeu ont es vn. centre le. autre,, pour en tlrer a faduenlr du .erulce ■ I le. reduire 4 a «, foy Ohre.tlenne. Ce lieu e.,t nomm4 Par ,e .leur de loZ il\TT<1 P • '"'^'*"' """ °""'' °" ™" ™= »™">'' ""-« «" '«<»«"<> y a deux Lies: rvne haute & fautre platte: ft trol. rlulere. deux mediocre, TJnTVV '■°''""' * '■"""" " ""•"^ * "■ "•»'■'-"■' *-nTe,Turva ver, I Occident. C'e.t celle de, Etechemln., dequoy nou, auon, parts cy de«,u. .on^melT^r ""r """ "' '■"""'^'> '» """Wlnsr more of the live, and per- Bonalltle, of Champlain and de Mont, may Und account, of them In the follow- n 7v„riv f^wT^'^'"' '""^ " ' '"" ''"°°""'' ""^ ^"'™"' '"^^'^« aL , ,H X'°L ' ^■"«"=''"' ""■er. arelnthcotla-siafter Tr^nsla- UO". in the Quebec edIUon of Champlaln-s works. In Dlonne's Samuel Chi^ Plain and elsewhere. As to de Monts, there „e reference, and a reproduct^n of a poMlble portrait In Chapter IV. of Vol. IV. of Wlnsor', "AmerfcT^ and a .""e^UonV?"^'" T" '" "" ^"""'"^ ^'-^ -' "■"• Tran»cZ. ssctlon I «. Tbere I. a portrait of him in the Gilbert Parker collection a Queen'. Unlveralty Library, which, ... I am Informed, from the .ame orlgma a, that given by WInaor, ^,ni 'T °' '""'"">'»'" '<"'»"'"« 1" Tom the Quebec edition of 1870, but wuh the chapter heading, and page, added from the original edition of 1.13. [OANOKO] Tranilation, DOCHET (OT. CROIX) ISLAND IBB CHAPTER III. ^mn/up'iirrLyr:; ,":;:■:: t : '"'"' "■ '"'"" " "■ ""-">•■ .he »«.„„ bank, a„? he" ,1 • In"!",, T" """"'" °" "■■■' .".aU- „ear Perhap.elrhtornlnehund^dl » . "-'"-"v". having a clr,„mrere„ce of hlrt all around, except ," o„e 1 , ^"'■/""•i' ""i" three or four fathom.. Clayey earth adapted orraLrirrr''/"""' "■"' " ° "'"'"' "->'"' ""'» another place a«"drn^" r^" , ^^ ''",'' ""'" "«'"■" """"■ There 1. h". U 1. dry at 1„. tide ■ ^hj ,l„d il""" T """" '° » """""O '■■"- oake.- It 1, by nature very well.",. """ ""' ""■'""'■ ™»'"« «"•» forty pace. It 1. lower tbaneHe here 'th^rh °" """^''' """■■= ""■ "•»"' bank. Of the main land be"nrdu,!r' ^ '"■""■ " ""'">■ ""•"""!■ «he lhou«„<, pace.... Ve".eir „L ' . °" T" "^" ""'" "'"' """""^ '■> " .annon on thl, ..land. Tnd weTeemed the ^r'":"'" " '"^ "^'•'■^ "' '-» only on account „, ,„ .ItuatTon „ d .ood . "« , ^ "°" ■">-"'»«--■ "»' course which we proposed with .h. °" °«ount of the Inter- a. weahould be la t^ m d 'o' h rTeYo' 'd'r ~"^" °"'' "' "" '"'"'-' '.- time and put an end to the w„Twhl - ,^ """" """" '" ""^ '^<""-»« a. to derive .ervl.e from then in f^tu f af/ """" ™ '""' ""= "■•■'"-■ «<> (alth. Thl. Place wa. nJT^XZZ\T. '7T """" '" "" '='-"''"'" on there „ a >,rea. bay. ,„ „."h a . two ,; „H ^■■°"' '"'"""■" ^""- ~rZ——r-, ~ "' '"" '"j;^;g;!i^!;UiiShaml the other flat- Now the St. croix. with ii7i;^::^i^i;m^^r7;^^7i:~j ^^^^ Now Little Dochet (Fig. 2). * * ^'• The distance i. about exact, a. the l.lar wa. at fh.. „ .«.:rrr::wrs:?-— ".;-• -- "--"^ - .om. a.:orcd':".?trc?n'nr'L';r'co:ri °" rr^'"-' -■> <-- « .how « map (Fig. 12), Where It ll very c,ear!y .hown The b",", T"""^'' ^"^'''•' .mooth that .mail vcel, can He In perfect Jl'f.r °' """• '"" «> •oak. are no. now fourd among the Tew , "''"°"'" '"'"'^ """• Wright found one tree ,n .797 f.^TtTr, ZX*> ilZ.T l"""' ''"'"'' .till occur on the l.land (compare pag^ us' ""= ""'"'""■^l whe're™".,r'a,L«".7thrw'at;."* :: '" """" ^ '^ "^ -' -", own".^p^?^;T.'. Zg"fr:.ri:Trr.or," ™r'' "■°-- ^~"'' much d,..or.ed ,„ thl. rl.pec. ^a^!:: nZlTsl " """"^^' "«' '*• Oak Bay. with the lofty Cookwms Island «>me 3m' f... . .. , low sandy Little Island. (Fig. 2). ^" '" "='«'"• ""a th» 1S6 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA aJso three rlvera, two of moderate size, one extending towards the east,' the other towarda the north," and the third of large size, towards the west.* The latter is that of the Etechemlns, of which we spoke before. . . . Explanations op Champlain'b Map of St. Cboix Island, 1604-5 (Fia. 8). ORiaiN'AL. Lts chifrea monlrent let brastea d'eau. K. l.e plan de I'hobltation. 3. lardina^es. ;;. petit iaiet eeruant de platte forme a. mettre le canon. Platteforme canon. Le clmetiere. La chappelle. oil onmettoit du de Baases de rochers autour risle salncite Croix, vn petit iaiet. Le lieu oQ le sleur de Mons auolt fait commencer vn mouUn il eau. Place oO Ton faisoit le chartron. M. lardinases 1' Quest. & la grflde terre de Autrea iardlnages terre de lEst. Grande montalgne fort haute dans la terre. Rlulere de« Etechemlns passant au tour de I'lBle saincte Croix. Translations (.and notes). The figureit indicate fathoma of water. A. A plan of the settlement. (Com- pere aho Fig. 9.) B. Gardens. C. Little islet serving as a platform for cannon. (This iaiet ia now icaahed away.') D. Platform where cannon were placed, E. The Cemetery. (iVow tcaahed atcay.) P. The Chapel. {On the present Cha- pel \ubble, or nearly.) G. Roclty shoals about Salnte Croix Island. H. A little islet. [Little Docket.) I. Place where Sleur de Monts had a water-mill commenced. (On Lttica Brnok.) L. Place where we made our char- coal. (Beside Beaver Lake Brook.) M. Gardens on the western shore. (In a charming situation, eaaily rii are brought Tar too near, of courw ! ketp t nven)f>nt Klse. It Is adjusted to the macnetic merldtan. and the »cale, u to the l»tond, Is •bout 2N) feet to th Inch. The fi2|i^^MJ^Mi^E£^:a'Miai)IL^L:,*Jh'^.. . I, I'dciiKT 1ST. ciiriiN) r> ^999 7 -} S Fio. ». .M;,|, „| sl. rr„|x ,„,„„, ,„„, 1 HurrnuiHlhi^H. Iiv 1 ■liariipliil ;ip nil. I •■xt'laiiatlciiiH fui-rii pa, Pagt; 34 .11 Vh.. T. ciiruN) isLA.\r> i«t? ^4 .11 rh;iiii|.|(tiri K V.ijiiK.s ), [gakoko] DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND (PenoLcot) a7d sr John ^"^ ° '" P"*"=™ '" "''' ^"umbegue planting of wheat thorcair "" '"''"^ ■""■ ^°''' "■"» "^ «>e St. CroU Island ""= """"' '™"^"' ■"" "'""^'^d with Translation. This place I, m latitude 45- .o", and 17- 1,- „, ,. netlc needle.' ° " '^ of the variation o( the mag- covered the Island. The anltTri' ^epr« S.ed"" ''""■■'"'' ""'" '"'^ »"- poises. Which are nnntlstakable ,a^d sti , ,„ ."' ^ """"^ """ '>™ P°r- island), and a third kind of creature >v^ '"" " """' """und the .^e sculpm n,ore nearly than I y ,1,"^': se'tT^ ',■: """"'"' "" "»» -"e^ me»"'7 o' the seated ntan near the ledges at "Jh "' '" ""'' "''""■ ™« m.t understand,- the place Is „„,>. „„covered . , "'""'' °' "" '""■'• ' •"> unless ,t n,ea„s that the Indians hlrl'.^r"'"! '""'""■ "'"'■ -'^- -t """ - ^-- -"'■ - -;- -r-r,-:t'rr -n:^X';: :^-:; --- :t ri - '^^ -- - - -he. ".nation Of ,a,„„,, ,„, ^^^ " ;° ;^'^/-'""' Island, because the deter- Which he could Klve In the ^^o , nt „„* T;"-;'- """' ""e and care o Blve on his hasty visits ,„ the ,n„cl, 1 ? "■ """ """'" "<« i" Nkely atltude, though somewhat too grelt is'aMr.-'.r "'"" " ""■ """■ ^Us the m perfection o, the In.trutnents , HV " '' '" ^"' c™,lderl„» varlatlp„ of the .„g„et,„ „«„; tZiTlJT"''"''' """"«■ ™' IS 30, and Increasing slightly „est tff „^^ "' "■"'''=' ""niewhat over Wright, mi. and other, la^er, h^w ha ,7 '""■'" '"''^ -""ey, hy "ver . century „g„. Ch.n.plaln s Jh erV IrL"""', "' '" "" ^- — vh" th. earnest on record for this region 11° 7 " " "' "' ™"™'' ""ch oh«e,vatl„„. „ that they .how an l„"'rell o^.™' ""^ '""' "'"'>" Champlaln's ward, thu, seeming to Imply .^at the varl n ""''""'°" "•""■ ""> «« w^",! not to the westward. The so 1 Vu '"""""n wa» then to the eastward J 'or the United State, Coa, r',^ "" """ '""'-"y "'<">"'< hy c "s h'?, "on Of hl. ..secular VaTa':: rihr^arT:. '" """"^ '" --t'^ Bute, and In son,, adjacent fcelgn couC .?' r.'h"^'"" '" "■' ^•""«' Survey for ,8,5. He comes to ,h. conclusion h„, . "'"■' " "" <^'»'t rV: ?,? " '' '" """■ """ -' to b. d^'e'",^ ''"■■"^'"■- —"" I'-— ".oinare, ,ue cea.e cy. Quand nou;,.,„: au leu oO nou, pretendions que tut cel.e que nou. oherchlon, le .auu.ge „e la vreauTrHo'r '"'' '"'" '°"-' "°"' """^"'^' '""-"' -"' «c eX ",::: Comme le fu. de retour de ee voyage, le ,leur de Men. , .solut de renuoyer .e. valasau. en Franee, & au.M ,e sleur de Pol.rlncour. qui n'y e,t„lt3 que pour aon p,al,.r, 4 pour recognol.tre de pal» & le, lieu, propre^pour y habHer, aelon le de.lr quMI en auoK: c'ea. pourQuoy 11 demanda au ," ur de Mona le port Royal, qu'll luy donna auluant le pouuolr & commlsln qu.l auoU du Roy. I, renuoya auaa, Ralleau aon Secretaire pout neUrTortro a quelque. atralrea touehant ,e voyage: K.quels Par-t40],.r.n, de n„e s Cro x le dernier lour d'Aoust audlct an 1604. Translation. CHAPTER IV. J-ra,,,. c„d ,1 ,lalU„,, ,„„,„„ „ ,„■,„. ,, „„„„, ,^^ „, '"' 1''"''.'° Km,- iujinc, affairt. purpoK <,/ arrtmginn Having found no n.ore aul.able place tl.an thl. Island, ,vo commenced making a barricade on a lUt.e lalet ■ a .hort distance from tbe island wh ok in r it^eir U T "'".'T °"' '"""™- ^" -■°"''' "' ™--"-"y till" in a little .bile it was put in ajtate of defence, although the mosquitoes ' At a nrst glance, the Islet .here mentioned would seem to be'theljubbi'e named on our map, ,Flg. 3, u, Wrights Nubble, and such „-a. formerly my ™n opinion (expressed In my ■■Historic Site, of New BrunswIcK,^^ h, the J Transactions, v., section 11 , 263). But a more thorough study „f the ,ubi ', ,T JT Z ■"■"" '"'™^™'"»"'»°" "' Chatnplaln's and the modern map, .educed to the i«me scale .„d ,UEerp„.,ed (Fig. u, has convinced me thaTth" t'hT,".' yrf" '"'"'"'" " ' ""'"''"' ■" "" -""■" °" Champialn^s map al hat the islet on „,hlch hi. cannon were placed was farther to the southwa d and I. now entirely washed away. If this la not the case, and the pre^n WrlghU Nubble 1. the one on which de Monts placed bis cannon, ChLplaTn map must be distorted In It, southern part to a degree quUe In.poZe ,o Tr, "V"."""" " """^---P""- ">• P"-ni l"terp,etatl„n allow, the Wright. Nubble to the ledge on the southeast of the Island (tbe one near the point with tbe two cannon on Fig. 8,. Tbe reason ,vhy tbe present Nubble wa.. h" "'"""'■ """ '" "" '""""'<■'»•- »>« "' the island ha. been wa.hed away I, very plain ; the Nubble I. protected by the rock on which It re.,. Which rise, above U,. bighe.t tides, wl,.,e In the Intermel'e panlhe rock „ wanting and ,*. sea now washes directly again., ,h. .of, «,|, ea.lly n crl" 'w- " " :° "' ■—"■'•""' ">" ">' -and stood ,on,e fee, i^gh r in Champlaln'a time (page 1S6). -J c. a ..i-rtt „,,|i the mam isiand, but in his text Sm. II., 1(02. u KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA (Which are little ilies) annoyed us excessively In our work:' there were several ?i°"''._'"^^''^?_^ '''';!■ ^ "e no tiWQllen by thei r bit-« that they couM scarcely Explanations op CnAMPLAiN'g View or de Monts' Settlement on St. Croix Island, 1604-5. (Fia. 9.) Original. A. Logis du Sleur de Mons. a. B. Milson publlque oQ Ton pas.soU B. le temps duiant ia plule. C. Le masusin. q_ D. Logement Jes Buis.se.s, jy^ £J. La force. ^ I'. Loffement des charpentiers, F. G, Le puis. fj H. Le four od Itm fiiiaolt lo pain. h. X La cuisine. j L. lardinages. l M. Auties lardliia. jj X. La place oii au milieu y a vn N. arbre, O. Palissade. q P. Logis des sieurs dOiuIlIe, Champ p. plain & Chandoi-6. Q. Logls du sieur Boulay, & autres Q. artisans. R. Loffis oQ lOsGoient les sleura de R. Genestou. Sourln & autres ar- tisans. T. Logla dea aleurs de Beaumont, la T. Motte Bourloli & Foufferay. V. Logemenf du nostre cure. v. X. Autres lardinages. -v Y. La rluiere qui entoure I'isle. Translation. Dwelling of Sieur de Monts. Public bulldlnff where we spent our time when It rained. The atorehouse. Dwelling of the Swiss. The blackamith shop. Dwelling of the carpenters. The Well. The oven where the bread was made. Kitchen. Gardens. Other gardens. Place in the centre where a tree stanJ3. Palisade. Dwellings of the Sieurs dOrvllIe, Champlain and Champdor^. Dwelling of sieur Boulay, and other artisans. Dwelling where the sieurs de Genestou, Sourln, and other ar- tisans lived. Dwelling of the Sieurs de Beau- mont, la Motte Bourloli, and Fougeray, Dwelling of our curate. Other gardens. The river surrounding the island. For the position of the settlement in relation to the modern topography or the island, as nearly as they can be harmonized, consult Fig. 14 This View, ar.d the plan on the map of the island (Fig. 8), while agreeing la gen- eral, do not harmonize in details. |n ,h..p.er IV.. f.e >peak. of 1, as "a mil. l„et a short dl.lance from the that, d.-plte thn „ppe.-,ra„co o„ Champlain', map, thl. l.let wa, then partially .eparalod from the main IMand, probably with a ■■ .add,e " or dip betw-en them, eilendlng down a few feet but not to the beach. ' It la likely that the black tiles rather than the true mosquitoes ar- meant In the present cleared condition of the Island, neither mosquitoes nor black (lie. a,c ever troublescn-.e. though the tiny midges are somtlmes so #'. [OAWOXd] I>OCIIKT (ST. CROIX) ISLAND ^1. .»- mmsm9mm§mk.mfwj^^ [qanono] DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND lea ,.,.■ r2 )"'"^' "<""» ""'"■■^■' Sleur de Mont, .ent hi, barque- to notify th. rert Of our p.rty. ,ho were with our v«i.el In the Bay of St. l^ry ■ to com. to S crolx. Thl. w., „o„,p„y done, .„d whUe awaltln, "em w" spent our time very plexantly. h v^T'o.t'"" "."""■ "^ ""'"' '^'""' "■■"«* ""» anchored, all dl,em- barked. Then without losing time, Sleur de Monts proceeded to employ t^e workmen In building house, for our abode, and allowed me to dete™ln^ he ..rrangement of our .ettlement. After Sleur de Mont. h,d determTned the Place for the ,tore-hou.e, which 1, nine fathom,- long, three wide, anl te v 2^^='--::--r::h-r,-:r=! , Tul'dmr ■ '° ''"' '""'^"^ ""■" """" -"-ar/Zor ;h: While we were building our hou.e.. Sleur de Mont, de.patched Captain Fouque. In the vessel of Rosslsnol.' i„ fl„d Pont Grave at r. .7, ? obtain for our .ettlement what .upplle, remataed some time after he had .et out, there arrived a .mall barque of eight ton. n Which wa. du Gla, of Honfleur, pilot of Pont Grav.-. vessel br^ng the r.rf!,r Tade"; '''"' .'"' '''" '""""' -^ "" ""-^ P°- »hl le engjed in me lur-trade, as we have Ktatf;:Tnl:Z:Z .;^rsx:rrt;:;r;tiz~'.r:t:-^"^ ;;.=rir.~rs='mr.^;tt:rt:^r::f .he "ve,™, wUh'.t r "" ™" °' ""^ ^"""- " ""' "' ■■'"ne-'.ered that whlim I '"V^""' ""' "' "■' '"'" ""* '"=^'' '«" at St. Mary, Bay vhlle de Mont, and Champlaln, with a few men, m a barque of el/ht ton^ had CTOlored the coast, and reached St. Omli I.land ' a. a p,c°tu«r.'rv.'„" 'rb"""'' '""' '"' "*■"■•" """ '" ■""""'"> '"'-ded (se: nLte 7 below, """"■" ""- ^'^^ "' ""^ "-' -' °- «'-'»°°' •' r^,n"T ?' """"' '"''^" "" "^ «'■"•'■• ■"■« 8 c" page 155) .. rrrrr^;^- - ^rt =™ ~ ;".r';r^rMry.:;^.r"""' "-- ''""^'■' "■ ^^ '^-" ">- --^ .t:ir~r:rsr^rrr,rir-''-'^'-— ,"1"- 166 ROVAL SOCIETY OF CANADA wa« forthwith completed, and Sleur de Monti lodsed In It until hla own wai flnlshed. An oven was also made, and a handmlll for grinding our wheat, the working of which Involved much trouble and labour to the moat of ufl, since it was a toilsome operation. Borne gardena were afterwards laid out on the mainland' aa well as on the Island, where many kinds of seeds were planted, which nourished very well on the mainland, but not on the Island, since there was only sand here, and the whole were burned up when the sun shone, although special pains was takei. to water them. Some days after, Sleur de Monta determined to ascertain where the mine of pure copper was which he had searched for so much." With this object In view he despatched me together with a savage named SleasamoUet, who asserted that he knew the place well. I set out In a small barQue of Hve or six tons, with nine Bailors. Some eight leagues from the Island towards the River St. John, we found a mine of copper which was not pure, yet good according to the report of the miner, who .«ald It would yield eighteen per cent." Farther on we found others Interior to this. When we reached the place where we supposed that was, which we were hunting for, the savage could not And It, BO that It was necessary to come back, leaving the search for another time. Upon my return from this trip, Sleur de Monts resolved to send hla vessels back to France, and also Sleur de Poutrincourt, who had come only for his pleasure, and to explore countries and places suitable for a colony, which he desired to found; for which reason he asked Sleur de Monts for Port Royal," which h. gave him. In accordance with the power and direction he had recelvetl from the King. He sent back also Ilalleau. his Secretary, to arrange some matters concerning the voyage. They set cut from the Island of St. Croix the last day of August, 1604. Cliaptor V. deaLs with a voyage of exploration made by Champlam, by order of de ilonts, a.^ far as Kennebec. Altliough of very great interest, it docs not concern our present subject. He .t Septem- ber 2, and returned to the island October S. [51] DU aiAL DE TEICRE. FORT CIWELLE MAI.-aJie. A ,„o. It, »omm« <« temmes loiiiiosra po.i.cn( le trmp, durani Viucr. El loul cc qui K pa„a m I'»< Ji(o. lion j>n}flapi Vhyvrinrmttit. CHAPITIiE VI. noMME nous nnluasmes i risle S. Croix chacun acheuolt de se loger l.'yuer nous surprlt plustost que n'espcrlons, & nous empescha de faire bcaucoup de choses que nous nous estlons proposSes. Neantmolns le sleur de Mons ne [621 lalssa de faIre faIre des lardlnages dans risle. Beaucoup com- mancerent a deffrlcher chacun le slen; & moy aussl le mien, qui estolt assez ' Shown on Champlaln's map {Fig. on page 1G6. ' A mine of copper had been reported from the Bay of Fundy the preceding year by one Sleur Prevert, as related In an earlier volume or Champlaln's writings. • This mine was prol>ably In the vicinity of Beaver Hanbour, where small veins of the copper ore chalcopyrite are known. • Now Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia. De Monta, as Ueutenant-General had ample power to ma!i» grants of land to intending colOi.l.Ui. Their exact location is explained [ginonq] DOCIIET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 167 coup p>.. ,u.e„. „e ral^.TTe IttL^ .irj "" "^' " ™""'"" ^-^ Durant I'yuer 11 se irit vnp crtnlno n„i ., ' .PP«l.e ...u, de u teire, uut." ..Zluiri: '■'' """""■' "' ""' -"' morceaux de chair »uper„„e "ba e::e U "cal,'/"" ■"" '''"""*'"' "' '"" laquelle ..umontolt .ellemenf luuTj 7 I ''" '"'""''' "•"«"'«">") cl,o«e, sl„™ que blen llauTdc V?" i T ■"'""'°"="' '"^^»"^ "">•'■''<' aucune pouuoi. o„ a?™eHe."a:\":: d^, 2" ',:: ^iiT^rr:: r'"'' * ■:■ :ir r;rTf -f ^-'^^"- "- ~^^^^^^ ^= — -=^===e= - P«»rp«ea <,u'.u auolen., d^oo „ «„rt„l, v„ Bar/c,rfo„ ^r C'e« °'"' ron a P.U „coK„„,3,„ aux corpa l„,ec.., d. ce,.e ;;,alld,e ''^ "" PHn.e„p.; lequel cori'sZeL'r .[ ^ rTreaT'r^r^c'/'""'' '" orolre qu« le r.haneement d= sai--.., k-ur r -d7, r, , , "^^ °*''' °"""" "« lu'on leur auolt ordo„„4.. ' '^"'""'"' '" """« ""^ '« ■•«™d« ROYAL SOCIETY OF CASADA les rmrant cet yu« nos liol««on« ttltrmt touteB, hominls le vln d'Eipagne. On donnolt le cldre & la Uure. La cause de caste parte fut qu'll ne auolt point de canes au magajin: & que I'air qui entrolt par de. (entes y estolt plus aspre que celuy de dehors. Nous estlons contralnts d'vaer de tresraauualsea eaux, & bolre Oe la ncge fcndue. t<.ur n'auolr ny lonlalnes r.y lulEseaux : car II n'estolt pas possible d'aller en la grand terre, k cause des grandes glacea que le nus & reflus chorlolt, qui est de trols brasses de basse & haute mer. Le trauall du moulln & bras estolt fort penlble: d'autant que la plus part estans mal couchez. auec rincommodlte du chauffage que nous ne pouulons auolr i cause des glaces, n'auolent quasi point de force, & aussl qu'on ne mangeolt que chair sal^e & legumes durant lyuer, qui engendrent de mauuals sang: ce qui » mon opinion causolt en portle ces facheuses maladies. Tout cela donna du mesoontenterrent au sleur de Mons & nulres de Thabltatlon. II estolt mal-alse de rerognolslre le pays sar.s y auolr vuernf, car y arrluant en eie tout y est t.',6J fort oprgreable, il cause des bols, beaux pay. & twnnes pesoherlee de poUson de plusleurs sortes que nous y trouuasme. II y a six mols d'yuer en ce pays. . . Translatio.v. CHAPTER VI. Of the mal d, (errc, o ,„■, de.ptri,!, malady. Bou, II,, I.diam. r.c a»l y^m •pwd llmr time m „j„l„. i.,i „, „„ ,j„, ^„^ „, ,j^ ,c(«cm™( „»i(e „, ^', fatting the Kinter. When w. arrived at the Island of St. Croix," each one had flnlshed his place of abode. Winter cam. upon us sooner than we expected, and prevented us from doing many thing, which we had proposed. Nevertheless, Sleur de Mont, did not fall to h.ve some gardens made on the Island. Many began to clear up the ground, each his own. I al«, did .o with mine, which wa. very large. Where I planted a quantity of seeds, a. also did the other, who had any. and they came up very well. But since the Island was all sandy, every, thing dried up almost a. soon as the sun shone upon It. and we had no water for Irrigation, except from the rain, which was Infrequent Sl.ur de Mont. cau..d also clearing, to be made on the mainland for mak- Ing Birden.,- and at the fall. thr«, leagues from our settlement- he had work don. and some wheat sown which came up very well and ripened. Around our habitation ther. Is at low tid. a Urge number of shell dih, such a. cockle, • muuel., sea-urchin, and ,ea-enalls, which were a great boon to all The snows began on the sixth of October. On the third of December we Kiw Ice pas. which cam. from some trosen river." The cold wa. .harp mor. Mv.r. than In France, and of much lon ger duration; and It scarcely rained at ' After the Journey deicrlbed In the preceding chapter. ' ■ Thl. was no doubt the garden at U on t4ie plan (Fig, » adjoining Cham- plain . hOUM. ' Shown on Qho'msHliaIn'. map (Fig. 9). • At th. present sit. of Calal. .nd St. Stephen. • He mean. donfcUe« clam., Which. »lth the oltiara mentioned *i« exoe.- *veJy abundant on thto island. (See eartler, jiage l«). • aiwnplaln'. account of the winter of IdM-B show, that It wa. of unusual Mverlty. (8m earlier, page IM.) The Ice cam. of cour», from ,b. h-ad - ,-. on th. Kit. Croix nesr Calal. and St Stephen. [qakohg] DOCKET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 16« .11 Ih. entlr. winter. I ,upp<,« that is owing to the north and northwest wind WMlng over high mountain, alway, covered with .now. which wa, from three to four feet deep up to the end of the month of April: la.tlng much longer. I iuppose. than It would If the country were cultivated DurinB tte winter, many of our company were attacked by a certain malady called the m.l de la terre, otherwise scurvy, as I have since h^rt f^ learned men. There were produced In the mouth, of those who had l" JT, ir.' °''"''"'"'°'" ""^ "■'"'""» """ O^""""* «'="'- Putrefac- on Which got the upper hand to such an extent that .carcely anything but «,u,d could be taken Their teeth became very loose, and could be pulled ou with the lingers without Its causing them pain. The superfluous flesh wa. Often cut out. which caused them to elect much blood through the mouth Afterward, a violent pain sei.ea their arm. and leg., which remained swollen .nd very J,.rd, all spotted as If with flea bites; and they could not walk on ;t7eT,h T T"""'" °' "" '"""''' '" """ '"'y -- almost wUhou" strength and .ultered Intolerable pains. They experienced pain .1,0 In the loin, stomach and bowc. had a very bad cough and short breath In a word, they «re in such a condition that the majority of them could not ri.t in .TZn" RoT.'" ""' """ "' '"'"■" ■"■ °" '""■• '«« "'"""" ""»»« ^™n Id TnTmo T T °' "'"""-''""■ ""o ""-P-"" o- party, thirty-flve died, and more than twenty were on the point of death.- The majority of tTon w " ™ , '"'' """'" ""• """" '""='""• *■ Po-'-n-ortem examln,! tion was made of several to investigate the cause ot their malady in the cue of many, the Interior part, were found mortlfled, such as the lung., which were ,0 changed that no natural fluid could be perceived In them. -TTtho'ut »." "f 7°",' '"^ '"°""- ■"" "^" "" "«"•'«■ and .potted, with .M? ■; ■""■■ '""' ""' '""'■ ""P"'°^ '"^ I"'"'-- -a. BUM with thick coagulated and black blood. The gall wa. tainted. Neverthel-a ZI, ,"• I." "" """"' " "'" '" '°"" '■''"■"■• •""• '"""I '" very g™,d condition. In the ca.e of .ome. Incisions with a rarer were made on the thZ where they had purple spots, whence there issued a very black clotted blood. Thi. I. what wa. ob.erved on the bodies of those Infected with this malMy. - ■ These thirty-flve were without doubt buried in the cemetery .hown u occupying a little knoll on Champlaln's map (Fig. 8). This knoll 1. now .lmo.t TI'T 7 '"*'• "■°"""' "■ P""'""- " "'^ll" recognUabl. (Pig. M), and 11. only remnant is the Slight rise where the birch tree, stand at the north ent ance to Treat. Cove (Fig. 23). ,t wa, very probably the exposure of th. wMch Tr '■'"'""•'' "' "" """'' "' "" "^>"""* a*ay ot the bank r,b ^ K.r ' ' '°'""' """"' °' "" '■'•""■ """' ■•'"""• The keeper heslteof the garden near the north e„d of the Island (the Incident mentioned l^'u^TT':"'' ■■*" '""'"•' "" '-""-»"""•■■ -n,pare earlier, p^' n..ny^r.'ga * """" '°°*"' '° """ ""■" '"'"' '"' "" """« ■ There appear, to be no .uch word In French, ancient or mod.m I e.n ','~7"Z '"" " " * """■"■'"' '°' "»"•"• "■••"'"« "O""". <•' "ood-like ThI. disease was of courrc the scurw. from whi-h K-~i'~ — .i -,,, "pedition.. Obliged to depend upon .alt food, .urtered «, muchuntll r^n'i advance, m th. regulation or diet have removed all d.nge, from it. £#4 170 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Our surgeons could not help suffering themaelvea In the same manner as the rest. Those who continued sick were healed by Spring, which commences In this country In May. TOiat led ua to believe that the change of season restored their health, rather than the remedies prescribed. During this winter all our liquors froze, except the Spanish wine. Cider was dispensed by the pound. The cause of this last was that there were no cellars under our storeTiouee, and that the air which entered by the cracks was sharper than that outside,' We were obliged to use very bad water, and drink melted snow, as there were no springs nor brooks; for It was not possible to go to the mainland In consequence of the great pieces of Ice drifted by the tide,' which varies three fathoms between low and high water. Work on the hand mill was very fatiguing, since the most of us. ^havlnn slept poorly, and suffer- ing from inyufflcitney of fupl, which we could not obtain on account of the' Ice, had scarcely any strength, and also because we ate only salt meat and vegetables during the winter, which producpd bad blood. The latter circum- stance was, In my opinion, a partial cause of these dreadful maladie?.' All this produced discontent In Sieur de Monts and others of the settlement. It would be very difficult to ascertain the character of this region without spending a winter in It; for, on airving here In summer, everything is very agreeable, in consequence of th.„x ,„e „ou. ne:p"eH:L",„:T" TeTuTn""'^ . -"'. D.eu „„u. garde Mulron sur ]e, „„., v.,,,. , "* '"'" ""suiuant Mtans en au contentement d'vn chac„„ "a-tsgjbltatlon, & f„t ,e blen venu .ropre pour .hablte,- & de memeuretern " '■'""" ''•""'" ^" '""' "'"" .. «. .,n,per ,. b«,„e dedaTZ^nr ^f arTcrp^:"' '"" Tra.nslation. deeded ,„ Have a b.r,u H^ ee„ .„„; a"?'"" °' "°^' '^"" "' "»"'■ that we might go at the eJT^JZ 1 '" "" " "'"" ""'"' "■'■ "° ve..el.l„„„ob.„„.u?„,oPraL „ca"J "' '""' '° °""^' '" '-" « But God helped u. better thaj we l;, .V T °"" "'°""' ""' ""^ "■•"«'■ -hlle on i^ard about eleven o.,l'L°"f','°:;"'''' ""«"'- »' ^— «"■"'»». .hip waa anchored Si? le^rul,' „„,! " """""• '"""■""■" "' ">" "'• .n,ld th. great joy of al, ' """-"'"<• "»" he „a, welcomed 'onowin. mm, bH„g.„g u. p.„.,rna\;,;/.':::u:: '" "■ "■'""-'■ ™ or Tp,::: -.^rrdrd r rrnnr^rtrr - - - -•■■ ZdTgo^L'rr "• ^' "" '^' ----latt :rrrdr W LUABITATtOX Qir EnmiT FX I ,f„.F nr ■ Croix IraimporUi' f HAPITHE X. r::- --• -""' -- "- ,t,Trn':,rf:; pt^iz;- -,- ,-. _. „H-,i« ,„. nou. au,„n. i n„u. ,o„r » baatlr de. m..«,n. » ::^,\Ll ^;jPF^aft 17a ROYAL SOCIETY OP CANADA nou, flte,ulpperdeu, b.raue,, que Pon chargea de la charpmlerle de. nel- son, de .alncte (.Tol^, pour la porter au port Royal, a 25 lleue. de lit, ott I'on lugeolt y estre la demeure beaucoup plu. douce & temperSe. Le Pont & pioy ZZtZV"" ■;■ "'!'"■■ "" "'""' '"•""'^ ""Chasmes vn „eu propre pour la ^tuatlon de noatre logement 1961 t 4 labry du noroueat, que nou, redoutlons pour en auolr eats fort tourmentez. Translation-. CHAPTER X. rJl'X'""""" °" "" '"'"' " '■'■ ''"" '"""""• " '■»'■' ««!""■ "d 'I" tlJlT,"' "/"" "''"""""^ "> '■'"">8« f" ""^""lon. and make another .et- Larbour and 7 ' ^""^ "" "' ""' "°'' "- •" """ '""^ '"""^ »">' -""'■• to e.tabl,.r' r" "" '"'°" '""' "' "'"' ■"" ""'"'"^ "<>"■" 'n -Wrb ™le> f/v" r'- "" """ °"' '"" ""■'"'■ ""'" 'O"-"^'' '!>»" with the frnnework taien from the house, of St. Croix. 1„ order to transport It .0 muoh ""■ ■ '"'""'-•'" ''''"'" 3l.tan,.where we thought the climate wa. uLX' .hel T"^ r ■"■• *" """"" "" " •"' ''^•""'"o 'or our rcldence. Tch hrrrLTbyt """""■"' "'"'• ^'-'''' "•' ^''"^'^' --'- ^- -- T I ^"'' ?,'i" '"""^ °' '"'■■ ^'™'^' ""''"PK- «"l™>- °» S'- Croix Wand, as to d ,„ tl^ mattor-of-fact language of an eye-wUn«s, the p^t Champlain Tliero exists also anothetl much briefer aee^unt possibly also by him, whieh supplies some additional details, that in I^ Mereure hranjois for 1C08 (II. S94-M5), which reads as follows:^ au H,rrfrT "• *""■■ '■'" ""■ '" '""'• "" """"• """' »— "«"» "aulre. ar",a.a^;::,:rVL:br,,:„";:ir:ru,:rrd:rnadrz:r;,;rs';"V' oa.Me.tvn fort ,„•.. garult de canon, . de Plua^r"bat,ir„u U '01'^ frlchere , , , ,""'""' ""' '" »'"'"■""■«« " 'a ""^e de, Sauuagea: Bref 11a del tan^'f "" """■• ■"" "' •"-"•'KO-'reu. en cc paya-li, ce, nouueaux h.bl- ^.n. en reteuren, de grand.. Incommodltez, premlerement de boT. ft S^u douce, nayana qu'vn .eul bateau pour pa.aer 1. grande rlulere A fn .Z .u.r r^car ,.ur barque n.e.tclt raccommodee: pul. ce fut pit pour 1. g. » P.lg.., qui y furent .1 grande,, que „ cidr. gel. dan, le. Ln.aux * > z ^ru^'nt'dTr"";'"" "" '" '■"'""• '""■ '^ 'a jpLtr;".* ■ rorreri;rroV,v;x.n"--'j— ^^^^^ .=^ ,_ .,„ts rcLrci ii nolrcu, pul. la maiadle leur montolt au. I^IS f'VTO foASOWG] DOCHET (ST, CROIX) ISLAND 173 l«-""'i •- c„„rr„er;eLr:: ,ta.»rn°' r"'- '^ -"■'- -- -- <-- .■e„ re.ournen en Franco cC^^e ^r"r,;„, '"''"' "'"""" """'" """^ pour .« .ecourlr: CeI.e veJuB m '""'""'"" ""^^ <"">""«' -"aran,. h„„„e, dan. la Itaye Pra„s„l.e '"■"""■ '•-■ ''"'-'"•yi. QUI est Translation. On the seventeenth of Maroh In the year mnj Rc, a „, . two ves«l8 from Havre de r-r.™ . "" '"°"" '" ■■"< ""U -...en,e„t, and to ^ nter th^re „a°v,r"'T". '"'" '"^ "'-"mentioned •everal .,„r„,a a. .ea he 1' abUsred ^f / ."' '""^ """ "P"'-"C,ng Canada' on the Isle s rr„,? ,^ t ' "ettlement in the river of cannon, and wUh .eve a. fraLrb^Md?' """ ' '"-' ""'='■ "' ""''O'" -"» ...ves after the InTarLanner TZn ZT T'T''' "''" '"' "■="- .everal places In its neighbourhood, ver her.? d T""' "^'"°"'' "er hlng m the be.,t order they could f„ , ■^""'' ""^ "'""^ the rileur de Poutrlncourt who h.d """'"^ '"^ ''•""•'"• Meanwhile .0 Prance „lth tl^e two ship. whlhT"' '"" '" ""' ™^'"«' "'""^^ Xlnd, Of fur. " "'"' ""'" ■"■'"•'" "a'" »' beaver and other The winter, which U very severe fn fh.. ..Ulers .unrerea .rea, hards pretclaiyTrw ''T'T "''"•*'''" "'" water, „ they had but a .In.le bn.t T ' "' """"^ """ '"■" .he.e th,n„, ,„r their bLJuewa.nl.t rn,"* T. """ '"" '" •"- ■>' lee and .now were .o great "htre that ^hl, J" "" " "" ■"'"""■ '" "» «-.ne wa. .erved only o^ certain dy 'of h^w^rMr "V"'"" ''"'' '"' ■now water fell suddenly 111 of disease. „n^n„ !' "^ ^° '"'''"'' "' '"' 'l..ch ,h.y had Who forn,e ly ac "rprmed r ." ■""""■ """'" '" «">■" bee.™, thlcl. and swoller le ZcT, "hru r'" """"■ ^'"' """ "" crept up to the hip., thlgh. andThou d.r, , J" ' "'""• """ "■« -"»»« became .o charged wiwf r„tt ' flesh wh'ch" T" ""' ""'"' """ ■"<""'" between night ,nd morning" hen It w"' T"* °" °""" ■"" »"" ■""" tlm. th,rt,-.lx of them d'd Of", ^err"' '°.""'°" "' """ '" " "■»" cured Of 1, When Spring ?„urned! "'""" ""' "■'" "■>» '''« The winter being over. Sleur de MonN ntted n,.. ,i, v !?!:L-^^;f^-e:e^ttlem.t would^^eTe^r^rn 1^ ^. 'crr -" ™ «■ rrr';"hij'.°."r ""'":''"• '" "■^^'^i^-^^^^.:^ •blch 1. evidence agalns", hi.' auiho^hTp « ;'i 'Zur ' """ ' "■'"•-• ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 174 ^LZZTr' r"" """'"" " '" " «"">«"., but not flndln, a m- of Honfleur, »llh a company of .ome forty men, arrived to aid him nn m. arrival they oon,lde«a .o.etn.r. Tni. decided them to .et te « a Port which .he S leap de Pontrlncoart had a.ked of the .aid Sleur de Mont, ,„ ,etU. on o";ry": ■"' ""' ""'' " ^°" ''°-'' -" " '" '" '-= B- Fran^:::';;." porti:'.?,TeTer«uZ'e:,r" °"° '™'' ^™" "" '-'-■ "- - -- '-- evouN'Tta/t.T",^' /°* '^:""" ""■""■"PO'-^y account of these e^cut.^ that l,y the h.atormii l.osearbot, who, though not himself a witness of them, spent two winters at Port Koyal, 1606-1608 witli iZ, ''\^°\^'"'y^S Champlain, who had been at St. Croix Is and with lie Mont.. Donhtless the events of that fii^t winter were often diseussed around the fires at Port Eoyal during the long winter enings, and Lescarbot's ready note-boolc must hafe been often in Z; P^"'"'^'"? ""™"™ '•'""■^ ""■"> "™"n«^s and imagination than Champains, and eontains many facts not in the latter's works The parts relating to our present subject, as given in the 1618 edition of his History, read thus:'— ~"»uii CHAP, nil. demandero, volon.ler. com„e on ,a cultluera .„ r„„t .^ ton e hlur7' mTtli nildl 4 soir passer avec (rrand'pelne vn large tr.nfct deau LVr ,', Chose, cu'on ,,,u,er. de ,a terre ferme? Et ,1 on cralnt renner " '" ,a„vera celu, ,„, aera an lahourage o„ ..ne„;. :„"„'; rrn;c«;aZ":.Un: =r;o;";:::r"^;rr;;^:;::;rt:rr~^ rr;r .. „>,. p„. p^pre po„r eomme„^:ri";.a:remtr:re"oZ; point .emblablement. Mai. .„r toot 11 faut avoir le. abrl. L mauval. ven', • de. fro dure,, ce ,ul „t difficile de trouver en vn petl, cpaceenvlronn. _d~u^ou.e;M«rU^^^<«^^ ml,"u d vne ,«,' ?.^ """>"'"« P"»W fronTL^aii^bot a^ree |7^ e,.entlal, with the 1«. edition, a. kindly corr«ited for m. by Mr. Palt.lt, : but they dCr In «»ne detail, of lypoiraohy whioj, o^ula no, ^^ .-r- v .','""" '" modern type. " '"'^ rcndcrea by the *J'->'Ji. CoAjioxa] IXWHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 178 riviere large cO le vent de Korl * n. ^■ Wi deux Ilc„f. «u dessue 1, V a d . ^ " "" * """'"•• ="• 0»>«''n' « d«ch.rr«!]g,r dan." tale br.a de '""" ""' ''™"^"' """"' ^ "■>" or oe-pe„dan. ,„■„„ 00^"";'^^™ ;i''r'::r: '°T ■""''' '■'■''•■'■'^^'■ arbres de ladlte lie pour faire le, ha„„. , " '^*''"' * "•""» y a long temps. ' '•°"' "^O"'' »" "«"' Pour mort II . .^-^^nr;:^ri^ & »» *ur de Monta ,uge Oe L,. deba.V uT" t"™"""""' "'"""" '■■""'"'"' '» volontalre, d'o^ „„ peut cone, voir vne "ce , , e '■"'"""='>^""'"" '1" ""Jecllon blen tM 1 nctre fa.on de Mv.e. ^"•""•""o cue tea peuplea ae rangeront [4671 Entre autrea ehosea aurvenu?, av ,„. i. avint vn Jour qu'vn Sauvage nnm™^™ , Partement desdlta „;,v|,.e.> falsolt l-amour .t vne n„o pour I'atoh- e„ , "'" ""''"^ ^ nean.moln, <;e g,. * du .on„nt™ent7u ete ,Tarr!' T^ "' -°''"'" ''^■■■'■• ■letsu. g,ta,e ,;ue,e)le, ft ,„ f„ .„„,?,' ""■"" """'^ '""""'■ ^ ™n pere. Vn grand clebat a preLolt 1 ei , 'V""'''' * ""'"'■»' -«= ■le cette injur, audit .leu de MonTl"; autre " ,'"' "'""" ''"""" "'»'"' dlsan,, 1 a^avolr le pere asal^rf.' 1 . ''""'' ''"'"•''■' ><"" «auae, ™ nile . vn H„„me%:, TeT oue que"" "u^le" „"' ™"""' '^'"' ""'""■ "Tanta „ul pr.vle„d,„K.„t du .narla- e Que . """"" "" * '^•■' 'l"'ll ..eut rlen falre: Qu'l, .amusou' 1 , T' '"' " "" "'"'■ <"""<■ *ne .>.er.o,. p„,nt . cbaa'e t „m ' uuT':' '%"" *"'■ "" """"'■ devoltsecontcnter de.euul a-e«nlt T "aurolt point ia fl|,e, & ouy. II leur r,..n,„„tra ..T.XZZ- ^,"1 """ ''■ """' "' ">— pour tout cela, „ ne vou,u,en..,l, point lul re, re „ a, "'''"T """• *""' par e^et ce ,ue ledlt aleur de Mont. „™:eu„ .'"„" Vir ' a ri' "h"'^' du pol..on) prent foree .aumona: La nil. ,„, ,„ , ' .' ^" * " '""•" II Vint revetu d'vn beau manleau rt >i'.ages aen.alaljlement n y a de« nUa- •eaux eau douce tres-agreablea via a-vla de rile, OH plusleura des sens du aleur d,. Mont, falaolent leur menage. & y avolent cabnnnf. Quant H. la. nature de la terre, c-lle est tresbonne et heureuseraent abondante. Car ledlt aleur de Monts y ayant fait cultlver quelque quarller de terre, & Icelul ensemence de aegle (le n'y ay point veu du fion.ent), 11 neut moyen d'attendre la maturlts d-lcelul. pour le recuellUr: & neanlmolns le grain tomb4 a sur[4?0]creu & rejetts al mervellleuaement, que deux ans apres nous en recuellllmea d'aussl beau, gros, & pedant qu'll y en alt point en Prance, que la terre avolt prodult •an. culture: & de present 11 continue k ropulluJer tou« lea ans. Ladlte Jle Jia environ deml Ileuij de tour, & au bout du cot« de la mer 11 y a vn tertre & comme vne Hot separ4 oU estolt place le canon dudlt sleur de Monts & la aussl est la petite chappelle batle & la Sauvage. Au pled d-lcelle II y a des monies tant que c'est mervellles, lejiquelles on peut amasser de basse mer m«l.elle,™nt petite... Te c-cy ^ue lo« ,^„„, „„„„ ,|„,r je Mont, n" »-oublle- rent point 1 prendie les plus grosses, & ny lalsserent que la semence & menus generation. Or quant k ce qui eat de lexercl.e & occupation de noz Francois, durant le temp, qulis ont ests la, nous le toucberons sommalre- ment aptes que nous aurons recondult les navlres en France. .... Les navlres du sleur de Monta retournans en France. [4711 le volla demeurS en vn trl.te lieu avec vn bateau & vne barque tant aeulement [4.2] . . . . Le sleur de Poutrlncourt avolt fait le voyage par dela avec quelquea bommea de mise, non pour y hiverntr, mala comme pour y aller rnarquer son logla, & reconoltre vne terre qui lul fust agreable. Ce qu'ayant fait, 11 n'avolt besom dy sejourner plus long temps. Par alnsl les navlres estans pret. a partlr pour le retour, 11 se mlt 4 ceux de » compagnle dedan. 1 vn a Iceux [474J • • • ■ ayant le dlt sleur de Poutrlncourt lalas« aes arme. & muni- tion, de guerre en nie salncte Croix en la garde dudlt sleur de Monts, comme vn arre & gage de la bonne volont4 qu'll avolt d'y retourner «j.Ti ,™™:;.* ".'■'':' .*'"■"" '■■■'"'' ■■ '«"'""»■'•'« ^" ^v-ci. ...«■ •<» .• CHAP VL PENDANT la navigation susdlle le sleur de Mont, talsolt travalller k aon Fort l.quel II avolt a.sis au bout de nie a lopposlte du lieu oO nou. avon. dlt qu'll avolt Inge son canon. Ce qui estolt prudemmonl consi- ders, a On de tenir toute U rlvlere aujate en haut & an ba. Mali U y avolt vii i.,a! qn=: icdit Fort eKult du cOle du Mort. tt Mn. [47J] aucun ubri ■m^^^:^:.^ [GAHOIfa] DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 177 «™„a 4 ampl,, ft autre, petit, rlrj" , " '''°" '° "*" "" =""«' le Port eatolent le logl. dudit .lenr^. V T . . """""'• Mai. dan, le ma«zta, oc repcoltTe Ilut 1^', ."" '"""• "'™' ""'■^ P"' "">" ..11. Carpentene.^ coutrt d ta deal Et ^rr^.'^i' '™"^'"— ' ■" notable. perKna«e. a 1-onoo.L;, , . "^ ' '^"""P-''"*. & autre, lerle eouverte ^r retrTe .„,. « f "" """ "' "°°'^ "'<"' ™ ««■- Et entre ledlt For, ft " P atetorU of T,^T ""^'^ '^" '"""' "^ »™- passa k cecl: ft „e ,„, pa, „al alls LLT\ '"'■ ^°"' l'«'"<>n'n» so I'hlver, ,a„d.. ,ue Parde^a 1 tLolt courir ! ^ ' "°" ''""°'" ''"' """' Gulllaume, fa^el. de touTe. IrtJ. d! '^l '"■"' '""^ '' """" "» ">»"- cho.e. ce prono.ti<,ueur dLole „„',.,? ' "'^ '^'"'"" ""■'• '""■». C.«».a. E. ,uand tout e.tlroo „d„7 tTT °™^'""' '•^' '"'•"' - eptoe, ,u. de ralre de teUe. e^tre^ " "">-■""' -"aoher de. ™.e ou, do„.p.; .it".'\:.ii'e:iiT:rce,Tpr„e'^ "■■'" ' '= -"""'■ rose, il ceui qui .e resolvent i ,es arm .1 - '""' lu'ccllleta ft n.andable. a la n,emoire d". ho^" e, 7^."'°""'." """^ '" "'"''' ""»"- -oulUet. ,ul ne .ont bona ..-^T^Z'^tAZZ '" "'"'' ""= "^'"^ ->- .butretrcrortrder^erir' t '^ ^-^ -'-■•■ -- ^ -- soy. Du,^„t lequel te„,p. „1 „„f '^ '"'"'°"' * ""^ vn cbaeun che. «..e ne, a-.cavo,r aute d" tr, Jr" '?" '"™"""°'"'- "■''-■P-.e. e„ au:t batlmens, faut deau dou!e i,/ T' "'"" '" '""'^ "" ^™" -"1 ,uel,„e .urprue de, Sauva^:. qui e. tole'nt l,T ^^ """" "^ """ "^'*— ' qu'U .e taut plus donner garde d'eu/ tie de""/ "" '"■""""" "' ""■"• le dl. It regret: „al, it ,a mienne ,„,o„tYaue ! T ' """"""■ '-■'"'" -"■« 4 <."« le aujet de le dire fust «. Or quand tlZrT' '" "' '•'=^"* bol. on e.toIt contramt de pa.^r la rlvi^T ''""■ "" ''^" °" '»'■ ■arge que la Seine de chacun e"7 C e ol' "\'""' "' '"" "" """' De .ort qu'll rallelt re.enlr Tb ^Lau b "' '" ' "' '""^"^ •""''""• voir obtenlr. L..de..„. le. roTdur" ft ne™""', " '"" ""'"" ""'' "= ■«■"- .. cldr. e.,olt glac. dan, ,e, t»„"ux Tfa ,o7t 1"^ * '" "'"' ^' '"" ""' au pold,. Qua,,, au vln 11 n'e.,„lt d .,tlh 1 ' "" "■"""■ "» "■""« -en,.,„e. p,„.„„„ ,„„,,„„ ::',:;„'"'."!„'';' „"""""'"' '-" "« ■- peine de passer la riviere Bref vol,., , . ""' '"■'■"r<7»]dre le o...e. que le Capltaln. lacquer Q:aL?"or a "' '"°"""' """"""^" ' quelle, pour cet.e eau.e le ne decHra" pL Zr „. rT""""" "-^"""- '- Be remede 11 ne .'en trouvolt poln, T^nd,, " ■""'""""°"' ™'"'- .olen,. .e e„,„.omn,.n, peu ^ Peu n a,-an. aicun^ d " '"°'"'*" "■"«™'- ou hounile. pour .„„e„,er .^^ .t^r^lTZTJ T '°""^' "' ""='»■« Bolide., 4-cau.e de len,pechemont d" e cha 1 ,'"' '''"■"■'"'' "" ^•'•""'" dol, dan, 1. bouehe. ft quand on le oeL^r , "" "°"""<- ' "'"■'""'"- lendemaln plu, .bond.™- , • ' ., '"'"" ""' '^°"""°" 1" Jour .„ '-. Quartier ,.,. „en„^, ]„ ,;„ — ^^ '^»t:j::TJ:::::::':z aM'Aj^l:' _.-f!?lrtBPl*l 178 ROYAL KO(,IKTY OF CANADA SI blen «ue c'eatolt grande pltlO de voir tout le monde en lan»ueur. excepts blen peu, lee pauvrei malades mourlr tou« vita sans pouvoir Mtre aecourue. De cette maladie II y en mourut trente-»li, & autrea trente-«lx, ou quarante qui en estolent touche. guerlrent s rolde du prlntempe sl-tot quu fuat venu. Mai. la aalson de mortality en Icelle maladie eont la fln de lanvler, le mols de Pevrler & Mars, ausquels meurent ordlnalrement le. maladcs chacun il eon rang selon qu'llj ont commence de bonne heure k catre Indlapoaei ■ de manlerc que celul qui commencera aa maladie en Pevrler ft Mar. pourra ^chapper; mala qui se hatera trop. & xuudra se mettre au llct en Decembre 4 lanvler il sera en danger de mourif en Fevrler. Mara, ou au commencement [4.9] dAvrll, Irquel temps pus,^ 11 est en eaperance & comme en asaeurance de ealut. L A saison duio ealunt iiusse,-, le sieur de Mont., ennul« de cette trlate demcure de l-'alncle c-.olx. dellbera de (hercher plus ( haud & plus nu Su : . . . autre port en pals !4S»] . . . . Kt ii-tunt leillt aieur de Monts lit apparclller pour retour- ner a salncle froix, oil II avolt lulssS vn bon nombre de aes gens encore InBrtnes de la secousse des maladies lilvernales, de la Sant4 desquels 11 estolt 1601] ArrU-ie J« .ir„- ,/„ /.„„( ,1 lilc ™i,,f(t C™ix; Uabi(,,i:m lra,,./c,a a. 1 ort llnynl: .... CHAP. VIII. LA salaon du pilnlemps paaste au voyage dea Armouchlquola, le sleur de Monts attendlt a Salncte Croix le temps „u'll avolt convenu: dans lequel s-.l n'avoit nouvelles de France 11 pourrolt partir & venlr cher- cher quelque valsseau de ceux qui vlennent k la Terreneuve pour la pScherle du polsaon, il lln de repasser en Prance dans Icelul avec sa trouppe. a-ll estolt possible. Ces lemps dfa-ja estolt expIrS, & estolent prets a falre voile, n-attendnns plus aucun .secours nl rafralchlssemena. quand void arrlver le sleur du Pont, aurnorame arav#. demeurant & Honfleur avec vne compagnle de „uel„u™ qua,„„te honunes. pour relever de aentlnelle ledlt sleur de Monts & aa troupe. Ce tut au grand contentement d'vn chacun comme Ton pcut pe.,aer: & canonnades ne manquerent 1 Tabord. aelon la coutume, nl I'Sclat des trompetcs. Ledlt sleur du [502] Pont ne ajachant encore retat de noz Francois, pen.olt trouver la vne demeure blen aaaeuree & «e. logemens prets: mats attendu les accidens de la maladie ftrange dont nou. avona parlf. II rut avlsS de changer le lieu. Le sleur de Mont, eust blen dejdr« que I'tobltatlon nouvelle eust e,t4 comme par le. quarante degrei .ca- volr & six degrez plus au Midi que le lieu de Sainctc Croix: mal. aprea avoir V.U la cOte Juaques i Maleborre. & avec beaucoup de pelnea. sans trouver ce QU'll deslrolt, on dellbera daller au Port Hoyal faire la demeure, attendant qu'll y eust moyen de faire plus ample decouverte. AInal volla chacun em- be«,lgn« a trousser son pacquet: on demollt ce qu'on avolt batl avec mllle travaux, hora-ml. le magazln. qui estolt vne piece trop grande 4 tranaporter, A en execution de cecl plusieur. voyages se tont. Tout eatant arrlvS au Port-Royal IWHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 170 [ganono] Tpavbt.atton. litmriptioH of lis- Mi,.. r„„„i ,0 «. ,„■,,,„„ „, l,;.r;,V.Ii°r .■.;.■ "'"'""• ''"°"' <»• CHAPTER IIII. ■ ■ ■ ■ they came . . ,„,„ . , .h. ,ea). „he,e ,hey e„ca„,ped on a "mLtr' .'T'""' " ""'"'"' » "ar. „, Which the „,a s..„r .e Champ.l h^dtl . " """ """"'^ <" "" ''«r na.ur.ny «ron« an. ea.y „, /eren.e'e.^; ,1° "■"''""'■''-■ And .eel„» „ -o that It „a, time to think of lod»ln. ti,em. , """" *'" '""'»I"K "way resolved to atop t,„,. , ,„ ' J' "« ,' ,7 ,""' "'"'""" ^"'"^ '""■" 'hey reaaon. ,or the decl.lon .. to th" di^, .' '^ "°'^"' '""■ "" varlou^ opinion that wnoaever .oe. tl a count:; o'^'ak:' ' """" "'""" '' "' ">' make themaelve, pnaoner. upon l,„„aj ' """'eMlon of it ,h„u,d „„, .hdT^orLrar:::: r wurcXr.: r ^ '-^ -- - — • n.. noon and night, croa. with much ^^1 ' ,« "" °" '■°""' ■"""- 'or the ,hln„ one re,ulr«. from the maTntnd ^Z ,?"""*' " """ " «° how will he be .aved If working In t^e ...d. ' °"' '"" "■« «"«'»>'. 1. puraued? For one doea no. alwlya S„d a hoaTl'n'.r"" °"""'"' ''"'' "' ■eady to manage It. Further, our Uf" havZ i"" °' ""* "" '»"' »■"• island 1. no. g«^ ,„, commenctag a co'onvr-h ^^ °' "'""' "'"'°"'' " for drinking and houaeho.d need.! .oS'nl''whlch7 "'"""'"''■•"'■ -«" ■.land.. Wood la needed for fuel, whTh ilk.wU , "" """"^ '" """ everything there „ needed protec.ir r„m 2 , f "°* "■"'• =■" »""'« :Mch_l^.d^^^„„.„_.^„^^^^^^^ com;jn^Ty7e'^:r^;s:.\rzrtpi:t:~r^^^^^^^^ ■M. de Mont, arriving -ol aLr." etc cha"^^"! °," '° '"^ '""''■ """'• .how, had no .ource of Information on thi, auhject II f"' " "'" '•'^'"™"« that hla atatement doubtleaa r«t. upon thL" aa.aee , r '""° "" "" """■ '" narrative of Champlaln ahowa, however tharhrrd"^'''''"- ■"" '"""' on thl. voyage, and If Leacarbol really mean, that Ch. 7^" ""' "'»'"'" island. It n,u,t be that he found 1. whUe Cplor na 1^ .r" """""'■-■J 'h« Mont. In the bar,ue wa. exploring ,ome other ^ , '""" ''°" «""'= "' bourhood. perhapa the Magaguad/vlc Tr other p. Tf' 'Z '"""•""" ''^"''- In thl, connection the Indian legend, given on a l.*/ '""""■naiuoddy Bay. noted. It I. poa.,ble that de Mont. waVercct „g a cr^'a'al T' "" ""^^ "" Magaguadavlc, while Champlaln, to .„ve time explored h . '"°""' °' *"' boat, and found thla river and l.land. "P'o^-ed beyond m the .mailer ' Thla Idea la al.o expreased by air William Ale,„... . ,. meat to Colonle.,.' ,e24, when he .ay,,Tef ^Tng " tht" '",■"■ ■■=«""«- end ending that a llt.le ,le was but a J.T^Z ^^L^^'^""'- '" "■« ThCM argument, against aettllng on laland. .™ .. .asler It 1. to be wl.e af.er ,hun before the even ,"' T""' ""' "'"' ">-" that had Leacarbot been with de Mont. l„ ,.04 he , """"""ly certain Vnced from ,.e data a. hi. com.n dMritr^p^'L;-;, tVZ 180 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA '* 1. th.1... the company stopped there In the middle of a bl, river where the north and northwest wind, .weep at their will. And .Ince two leasue. alKiv. there are river. whlc.h torn a cro>. at their discharge into thi. lare. arm of the sea, this Island of the refuge of the French wa. called Salncle Croix;' It t. twtnty>flv« league, beyond Port rtoyal. Now whilst they began to cut and fell the cedar, and other tree, of the aald island In order to construct the neoesMry buildings, let u. return to seek Master Nicola. Aubrl. who had been lo.t In the wood., and long .Incc believed to be dead.' When the l.land wa. being cleared, the .leur Ohampdori wa. .ent to St^Mary, Bay with a mining expert who had been brought with thorn to take sample, from the mine of silver and Iron, which ihey did.- ■ ... The poor Aubrl was wonderfully wasted, as one would supnos,- They guve him food by degrees, and took 1,1m to the company at Isle St' Croli, whence everyone was completely overjoyed and relieved, and parti- cularly the Sleur de Mont., who wa. touched by this a. by nothing else Now alter having fea.ted him' and rcmalnEd some time lo arrange' mat- ter, and to explore the country around Isle Salncte Croix, they spoke of .end- ing the ships back to France before the winter and at the .arae time arranged for ithe return of ith«e who had not come there >to winter.' In the meanume the Indians from all the neighbourhood came to see the outflt of the French and .placed themselvea voluntarily near them;- iven In certain dispute, mak- ing the sleur de Mont, judge of their discussions, which is a commencement of a voluntary submission from which one may take hope that these people will adopt entirely our mode of life. Amongst other thing, which happened before the departure of the vewels, it came about one day that an Indian named J(i(™»j, who had found the kitchen of Sleur de Mont. attPSK^tlve, an.J had established hlm-'elf there rendering some service, m the meantime made love to a girl with a view of having her In marriage; hut not being able to bring thl. about with the that the Island was a suitable site for a settlement. It must be remembered that (t wa. only after experiencing the winter of 100)-1605 that Its dl.advon- Uge. as a site of a Mttlement were, or could be, known. ' Had we not this statement of Lescarbol the origin of the name Salnte Croix applied to this Island would have rem.alned uncertain, but with It there 1. no doubt. (Compare earlier, page 144.) ■ The priest (as Champlain says he was), who was lost at S'. Mary's Bay «.me two week, earlier, as related both by Champlain and Lescarbot He was found by ChampdorS on his arrival at St. Mary's Bay ■ Evidently this waa the same expedition mentioned by Champlain, when he says that de Monts sent the barque to notify the remainder of the party who were In St. Mary's Bay, etc. (Compare earlier, page 165.) • Viz.. Nicholas Aubri. • Sleur de Poutrlncoupt and others. • They onMimped aiwrently at lihe fool of the Island, (later page W) an* for them doubtless the chapel, built after the Indian fashion, '(Fig 8 14V >va., ...tended (compare Inter note 4, page 182). I„dlan relics have been found on the Island, notably n nun.ber of wampum beads, now in possess on of Rev. Jos. Lee, of Red Beach, Mnlne. SiaPlftlMM [qanono] DOCKET (ST, CROIX) ISLAND 181 liking and consent of her fmho^ i. Then en.ued a grea, S"J r'^ ."r'","!" "'■■ """ ' - to w,fe. returned to her father A g,ea7dele , ^ J' """" """^ ■"" »■"" ■"" «Ud Biluani having complaC o'/^ , "r ' ""' " "^ "''" "■" "■« other. ean,e to defend their cale C „ ' T;^ " ,1"' ^"" "' "»""■ the friend,, that he ,„„,d not entru, IZllJ^l ", "" ""■" '"""'' "" »'» induetry to .upp„r. her and the children^, M. " ■""" "■"■ ■"" ""' "■« rlage. That a, to him [Bltuanl] he Z no h? "'°l"' """' '""" "" ""- loitered about the kitchen of "he 81^1 T , ' ' ' '"' """" ""■ '"^t he in hunting, and .Inal.y thaf he .hTuld no, ^ ' """ ■"" ""' ''"" -'"^" •""•«'" »"h that „hlch „^ ^"" r.V'^r ""■ *"•'■ ■"" °''*'" "• "• both partlee. rentarked that he d^not^M f ^ "' "°"" "^^'"^ "^^l a good youth and .hould go a hunting, „ 1 "'■" """*""• "■« "e ''^ all that they „„um not ree.ore the mid tr^ """ "' """'^ ""■ »"' "f that Which the Sleur de Monta hL ^ ^ """' "^ "" """"n In fact «.h.ng. and took a great "au, of ^ailr T. "" """• ^"^" *■'' -"Ta the next day ,„„„„,„^ ,, came clothed ,„ ah ^^ ," '^"'"""' "> ">"'■ "<■ -km,, very ,vell or„„„,e„ted «1 h !..!, "•""tlful new robe of beaver building for the Frenchmen bring rh^r'„'° "' '"■•' '^'"' ™ then a hi. victory, having gained her n fafr fl h """ """ "» triumphing In wen, cont^ry to the Indian custom g,vf„;- "' "'" "^- ""- "--d h : acculred with trouble ought ,„ Tmuth ler:eh:dr''"'""'' "■" """ '' CHAPTER V. fcnriplim of 1,1c Sai,,,,. r,„:. r , "■""■-"-'"''. '"' ^--wr.;rr ^ «2r:;,7 :' ""'^ * '"•'"■ ^*-" "".- Before .peaking „, ,he return ' .1 * -P-Wrin™,,-, ,„ ,v„„. ;ja. the „le .t. cLx ^ha " rndTor'o:' V""' " "-^ -^ --' t*ere ate to many leland, and *»,-,,„ na„ ?, *"" ■"" """ »>"e. for astonlehed how they penetrated II ,° ZlTn' Z' ""' '""'= """ ' t- mountain, prominent above the other, o„ the , . ^"' '" ""•- <"■ """ Which the river deecend. there „ nothing bu! T "" °" "■" """> '■•™ •«gu« dlrtant.. The wod, of ,he Jjln. " """» ""'"ted -ne over two .ra., 1, the eame. There are two ^ pr.^ f "-^^ ^"■"-"'^ «"<' t>.e "te be island, where several of the men of ^f """' °' "■"" ""ter oppo. keeph,g and had built hut* there,- r,"„hf„'"', '" "''"" "'" ">^"- "»"-. ■ X.e.e m^untamalre rvldently the 1 . " "" °'-"" -^" " '"^ to Show bow unprotected was the Island from the „,." """ "'"^ '^ "° ""»"" One would think he refer™ , . "^ """t "'■>■>=■ ■weaver Lake Brook and Jj 11^",;:° I^ "™ ""=""' " "'^ =--• ™ap (Flg. 8, mark, a camp cr cabTn b ^de 1 ""l " ""' """ '^"""'Plaln., he Canadian s,hore. Implying that hi, w„ ^'"■''™' "' •""""<"•= t-'ove on B-k the other. The former ..re'am Is, how'e^r"!;"^ '""^ "' ='""^ "-*" "tile more than a swalf, running „„i„ „ ,, ""' "tremely .mail ""7™ °' toe country ,. T.y Z '"J^" "' "-'■ "">• ■" the wooded _(. e ater, p,ge a,, implies .bat somlS";: t'" t""" -™'"^'"- '--"'"« -•'■"■"^- "™ '"""^ "" 'heir abode on the 18S BOVAL SOCIETY OF CANADA ^;, Wheat the™), he waeLtrl f , '""" '"'' '^ " >■"» ""' "«» '"^ n.ver.he,e., ,he .rl "ew „ e.^. al"/'"™'"/ '""'" ^""'-^"^ "■ "<■' two year... r.er„ard.^eTatreredU a. " France which ,he land had produced ^«h„.T.,"^ '""■ " " '"" " '" continue, to multiply every year The ^h^. ''"'°"' '"^ " ■"'""' " circuit, .nd a, .he eld otu „„ the «a 1 !"" " """' " '■°" """"' '" ..parated l.let,- where the 8 eur de M , " ^ ■'""°* " " """ » i. .he little Chapel bu u ette the Indt ," ".f"? '" ''""""■ '"'^ "«" "■» many that It 1, »„nderr„ 'hi """"'"■ *' '" "»' ■« .heim.h .„ "nan. I telleve that ,h?lr„Mh:i/"!;"*'' "" ""' """' "•" ""^ "' l.r,ej, leaving there the .Tatn a„d th '„"°"" ""' ="«"' '■> •»"- --*" .ctlvlile, and occupation „, " " p" , ^ '""'"" »'""-'«"'"' "ow .. to the w. .hail .ve a .ulary ^ ^IC -^Ire-l'-J— to'-'.^rr^' j,^™.a.;:^^t;'or^r — -;: -- - -"- Hivlrl^Etc'hl';:.''; r;„ T"'"' '""^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.Tiiiri^o, ..oned by Cha,npt"';'a;i.rpar«:: .;?„;' T" °' ''• ='""■"• " '"'•" vated near the campln, p Ic. lu.l Tj^T " """' """ '° ""« ""'» <^'""- P.ac..t .oh„.on. Cove'.tTor.n Cnhj;'"'" "" " """'■' "^ •- P.«™r"" "■ "•' """" •"" »"■ '»•" '• -"".bed later 1„ thl. paper. (r;";°r.::re""e."i;r:„t",- :zv^ ""'- "'-" °" ^-— -- hon: ^rcr:z:'.':::-ir;':ho:."t;'ar.;r '^- '■- -- - -- probably Leacarbot mean. ,„ .ay merely thM, "" ""' "" '"'■ """ l«and .. the l.let. Another po..,re .„,,,' 1","" " "" ""' '"" »' ""• Chapel ,h.w„ hy ChamplaL 0"^, map ZT ' ""'""'"■" '" <•>" f- u.ed by the French, and that t*e " Zl.\Zl """'' """""""• "tructute. Indian, on the ..n,. ,.,„ «, h ,!. , " ''"°"'"' '""•">■ * '''»»'". for the the buUdln, .hown Jtl ^^ « the .Z' '" '"""""">- P''..lble th.t hou.. Of the prl..t ,...;;„: ,„""'"""' ""'■ " " '"""'" "> ">' reference to the chapel, or to any „ ,^„ '""' '^"'* '" '"'"'•'""y ""tie .«ly explained on rfn cl^ . "^/.^ 'C,'. ."l""'' "J" "" "'""""■■ « '"" Of hi. company, and they ., e LccompaJd bo.!; ." '"T""' '" ""' "•"■'■•■ n.lnl.t.r. The «i,„„ „ ^oth champZ f„7, '' V'"" ""'' ' P™'"'""' ter. I. due no doubt to .he ".« ,Z P . '""'•"''<>' •■ '■> rellihou. ma,- .h. .ettlement and -hey w^^re :. ,„ .T;'." '':,';""'""^' ™ ■'™"'»'"' '" Boman catholic compare .,.0 the rn::der ll r!' ^^^ ^r*""""""' -..vin°;.;;:'riLr:o z^t^ -zz. ^'- "'■--- " - — • at mollu.c culture In the N^ WorM a. Z, """""'" "■' ""' •"'"Pt. Natural HL.ory ^cle.y o, .ZllZj^.r.T.n:' t^T^r""" °' "" pCTr. -^ -'"^ '" " •■—"-• '" - «"cr rn^rrri'i:: m^^^^m. s^. p ."I- DOCHET (W. CROIX) ISLAND 183 [ganonoJ ..rlore out a p,ea,i„» Place. TH.-halrr '° '""' * """""" -■> "o remain longer. Hence the ves,.,. hL *^ " """=■ "' "ad „„ „eea to Of then, „Uh hi. retinue '""^ ""'"' "> "'-■"• "e embarked o" one Of hi. .ood ,„te„„„„ ,„ „,;„ ^hVrl "' """''■ " ■ >"=■'- "^ «uarL::: CHAPTER VI. /).v«/„,„ „, „, ,,^„,,^ _^^ ^^.^ ^^__^ tnknoicn nicltictM. "■• »■•« »""« we have mentioned Z . '"" " ""^ "" oppoalte to r^r "" """""" '" O""" • " Lnd-alMhe": """""• ^'■" ^^^ •-" " "" " "-" U-at the fort w„. on the .T " """^^ »"" ""ow- But "• """» forbidden to be cut do«n >1 . *" '"»"'" »" •round which •"e 8wl«,. ,ar^ ,„„ .pao lo'r and oth. " "' '"' '"" "»" "" "■^ZTo, --.urb,.. s„„e d hou,ed the^Wv ', „„Tb """""" ""' ' '-'^our^ for ".Ide the ,or, ... ,he re.ldence Tf Ih' .aid s," """ "'" "" "roolt. But ■ ful and artletic woodwork.' , ° \Z\"t / " "°""' "■"" "'"> •»«"- Place wa. the .torehou.e m wh .1 "' """"^ '>""^- In another hou«, were the dwelling, or ,he sl.ur.Hn? """«""• °<"^^i' the ..orT- other notable per.o„.. Oppo.,,: "'he 7e.ld.": r;,?.""""""' ^""-'^or,- ^d ™v.red tanery for e,erol.e play or w"k " !, """• "' """'■ ™ » -Ifor. and the^,atfor. „heL :.rh:"cron:'a"'."h. ^c """"" '- ' Champlaln doe. not i„ i,, •^<''>n*ec (page 16«). M.p..n an'd thercr" t'l^ hrreX"':. r " b' ""' "'-' " « '-■ •»« ..ttlement wa. Included wl.hln a pa iLe .^r';'"' "■°"- "■" > Par, „f ,be '"• ■«"•■•■ «»"- retreat fron, an ene^'v" ! """'"'"• "»" '"tended remainder of the building,. a, "he ,„7 * ''""'"'■ "•""onln, the -li.red, however, a pall.."e betwln' the , u^d^" "' °"" '" '" "''■>"- '"oluded apparently ,h. d„„|,„g of s e„r He ? """ '""""'"'■ ™' ">" general .,«„,bly b„u.e. between whlhtuMin ' "' "" "'"'•'""'"« ■""< '"• fig. 9, and al.o 14). '" """Ol"*" wa. a p.ll,„d, „„ ,he p,.„ ■ Ar::r. , "nieTh?"-"- -"••""' »"° •«■-""". "rden. on the out.k''. „, a"";:; °^'" "'■"• «"" "P"-M r,.M.„oe. and ..oreh^uarThe-or 'brn;;-- °; b": ^"''"'"■- '" »" " '«-. - ■■ ,"■• ■""- 'PP-r to have b«„ m ,. "et .'r ' """r" "" ""'"• >"-"' ".«.. n.....^pic.„r..pi.„ .f .,„ ....,_r-; rv-otiurrAo^^*:; •«..,u,.ecorr„.,.. compare ,.bamplaln..p,.„,p,,„ 184 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Pled by gavdens In „hlch each one e«rcl,od ,hl,„.eH ,vl,h a happy hsart. Thu, the autumn pa..ea: and It wa» well for them to have lodged themaelv... nht,.° "'""^ '"" ""■"" '■''°" '"= """-^ »""« in tl.e.s= part, pam- ^am ";« '■"-l-'ed under the name of Ma.tre Gulllaume (Master Wn- llam). stuffed with all kind, of new,,- by the „,hlcl,, am„ns,t other ,hin„. thla l» ,aid It 1, very truly pulllnB out thorn. In taking In hand ,uch enterprises full Of eontlnual peril, and fatlsue,, of eare,, anBui,h and dI,comfort,. But earnlt', ■ ""'!""' """'""" """" """'""" ""»""">•' ■""I'-" »>-»' thorn, but carnation, and rce. to tho,e who are determined on heroic act.on, to com- mend them,elve, to the memory of men, and close their eye. to 'he pleasure, of tho,e eiremlnate, who are good only to guard the chamber The n,o..t needful thing, having been done, the ho.-,ry father, that I, to say the winter, being co„,e, made It necessary ,„ keep ,„ the house and pMnclpal dls'' '•'«"<• in "^ w,',:: ■An equivalent forour "draw the teelh." vl... to suh.lue ' iziur "T"' " "-"- "•"'" - .- ".-rLTgrthr:: :: «...l.lhg water. „ |. ,ul.. probable .> rotten Oe.h which L° T " " "" '"""■'" "' " """'■•""« « « .ho„.h. .?re:r„T«r:r,:re"'r""'"' '" "^ "'™"'- °"'' "-- °- ;o the tree Anneda ■ o ^4lch the Iw r.^r" ""T'"'" ""■" "''<"'■ A» in thU region do „„, know, I. ™ Indeed" "" """"™' """ '"■""' in decline except a very f™ ' and o . " ,„ ^? "'"' '" '" ""^"'"'^ full Of life without any p^Ji ,„,," '° ; "';,''°" '""'""' ">•""' ■'« " were .1., and another thlr.v-„7 " 11 T"' °' """ ™'"* ""■■•= '"'«' ">Irty- of .he ,prlnK a, roon „. t M; L' .°^'"''" ""'""" '""""'' '" """ "'"• beean the la.t of J»„c„, ■ ,he^n„n,J "' ""^'"'"l- 'n '"!» -ilaease nrlly they died ■„ Jhe on,.; eadr^n h," ", """ """ ""'^'■' ""'" »"■'"- n.enced early to be tXt ,01^^ he '""',""""''"'' '» -""ther ,hey con- March could escape but he wh^, h .! ,° ""^ '" '" '" '" """""' '"«' h.d in December and J „u„ry\: ' '"!" '°° """" »"" "°-"<' '»"- "• hl» even an assurance cf yntcly. '"'''"' '"' "'■'' " ^"1»' ■'" m right, of settlement as far south as 40', vli to the vicinity of the present City of Philadelphia. It I. very surprising that he did not (Ind, In hi. search along the coast o. far as Mar>hn, Vineyard, .my place Which Itemed to him a. favourable for settlement a. Port Royal. The history of New England would have been .omewhat different for a time had he found a site on Massachusetts Bay, or had he directed hi. voyage In 1604 to Ictlllide <0' Inatead of lo ranlo. • Cape Ood. • Apparently all the good woodwork, especially that brought from France excepting that of the Maga.lne, was transported to Port Royal, while the rougher log buildings were left behind. €^WW^' ^jS^^'m 1PF [OANONG] DOOHET (ST. CKOIX) ISLAND 187 ^TulIy!hownl°' "" ""i^"'"' "" P"P"^'^ "^ Champla.n, and and 9 "^ It L, ' 7' '"" " P'<='"^-Pl'"' ■J^'"' by him (Fi^. 8 and 9) It stood on the nearly level, elevated north end of the island rvan-tr t7 "".'"TT' "■""^'^ '"^'^ '™- "^ th: settlete^t %.onseurpc:;:ar;or::'r:s=^^^ oaaiy on It, as the earpcnters must have been new to thi, iLa „r eonstrnefon. Gardens were laid out both amongThe dw lint and :::H:i-^i^-^ts:;--^M.;..,:':f^r ;™..f:^^L^^nrxr:nrs:t rtrrt z^ Z Zr ;" '"^^ '"'' '■"^ P'"'^-' exceptionally sever The hn t^LZ r^Vr" '"^ "'"■ """= '-''™ '" fo"e by th Ihin fringe of trees left around the island, and penetrated the b d y ..nstrueted dwellings, imperfcetly heated l.v their' eh™ fi'. or ,. Il,e.r ravenous fireplaces for which Mttle' wood ould be g" ' 'v.th blooP rils l>y wnliri" ai„i,si„jr pamphlcU), were in various stages of ill- ness. 'Il,e earu of tlie sick wore upon tho well, and it was only the relurn (if spring which saved them from a like illne.s and allowed the s,ck to recover. S.> great w.tc their sufferings that all became utterly di,.eoiitented with the place of settlement, and when the relief fli.p arrived in the middle of June, she was hailed with the greatest iiuinifeslalions of joy, and it was resolved to alunclon the place. The settlement wiis then removed to I'ort lioyul in Xova Scotia. Before passing to the huer history of the Lsland, there are three subjects conneeteil with the first settlement worth a brief discussion- he exact ihite of the discovery of the island, the Indian traditions .1- to the .set, lenient, and a euneiit luiseonceplioii i,s to certain earlv religious services on the island. The date of the discovery of St. Croix Island is, unfortunatelv. nowhere stated, nor is the.e any conclusive incidental evidence in tlie natrahves Ix-aring on the subject. De Monts with his party left St. Mary s liny on ,l,e Ittth of .)une,aii,l eight davs later, on ,!„ne 8-lth after exploring around the head of the ]!ay of Kundy, discovered tho St John. J ley „,,pear not to have remained long, and probably left on the ->tn. Allouing for their slow progress in a small open barque, enter- ing every harbour and promising pl.tee for a settlement, they could hardly have reached St. Croi. Island in less than two davs, that is Juno X'(,lli or -.^ih. This is conlirMied l,y cerlaiii other facts from the mirratMcs. I'littiiig together the narratives of (Jhamplain and Lesearbot "•o hnd that a harrieade was immediately made on Isle St Croi.x after lis discovery, and as soon as it was l!nishe"■■ cro.. at the entrance of >he MuKa,uadaMc .,. '" '"'" '"""^ ' fey .„„„ after removed and er«,ed a cro ' ' """" ''"'"' ""'"'"'■ "■"' Andre., day cehrated Ma,, th e and .: Tthl' *"'"°' '''"'"■ °" "'• that a, the lime ia« Indian, were clo.he/t "" °' ^'- *"■'■■•»>: Iha. the French at their rwae.t -e, h, T ""™' ''■'■'■'-<''. »1:mall Island at the mouth of the Scoudlac River,: that this Island was the place of resort for the Indians to deposit their articles Doth In going up and coming down the Scoudlac River, and has a name deKribiii^ that as lis use; that the French landed there and remained some months, but andlng that the water upon the Island was not good, and had a poisonous quality, and that a mortality as they supposed from that causa prevailed among them, they went away; that at this time they did not trafflc; that all the adjacent country was full of Indians; that the French came to this small island because they could there defend themselves; that tkey did not go to any other Island or remain on shore at any other place, from their fear of the Indians, who were not willing that they should land upon the main, or any large Island, lest they should claim a right of possession. That this island was larger than It now Is, and that the sea has washed It away from the rocks on the lower side. That the small hill or Island towards the sea had alwayn remained distinct by Itself, and the water on the Inside and near to It Is very deep. In further conversation they said that after erecting the cross at the Magaguadavlc, the French Priest went up to the forks of that river, and there put some earth In his handkerchief, and Bald "this Is the place." Another tradition of about the same time (given in the " Courier Scries," No, XXIV.) states that the Indiana used to lie in wait for the French as they landed from the island. These testimonies, in comparison with the known facts, do not allow us to entertain a very high regard for the accuracy of Indian tradition. But it must be conceded that there is in them a certain substratum of truth, and that probably they are less accurate than they would be were it not for a confusion of several voyages in the minds of the Indians. It is possible, for instance, that the visits of other early French traders who entered this bay are here confused with those of de Monts, and it is probable that the tradition about the naming of St. Andrews' may be substantially correct, though belonging to a much later period. Wo may neit consider an , rroneotts supposition originated by Willis in the "New England Historical and Genealogical Register," Vol. XV.. 1861, 313. 313, that Protestant religious services, the first held in North America north of Florida, were held on the island in 1604-1605. The evidence is based upon a combination of two passages i iescarbot's History. One, (page 461 of the 1612 edition), beginning "Je demanderois" (given earlier, page 174), Willis inter- prets as a protest by Loscarbot against the settlement, whence he infers that Lescarbot was at the island in 1604. But this is simply a mistranslation of demanderois, which means simply " I would ask," • r»lK-usM..i In Acediensls, IT., 1S<, DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 191 [OAVOKO] lH ,T ^ >f " '"'"'^''' ™ P-S' ^°» of 'he 1613 edition, in wl,ich 01 l-outnneourt, as referring to St. Croix Island. But tlii« as tlie con e.t. hows, although coming ,n a chapter describing cent's "t St arre^^r? ;°r;V" ?'T'™ """™^ '" "'^ -™''"^™t ""'.it ana relers to Port Royal, and not to St. Croix Island. In this connection wo may note an interesting incident which may have happened at Isle St. Croix -is Charrnl.in f„Vi 1 when Catholic priests and Protestant ministers were allowert t„ 1 together upon expeditions to the New World ray^- ® lo..,u. .e.e„,,r,.r.„rr;,rrt toTaeuTdr '" """"* '""'"' '" """'- ■1 "ort. 11. demeur^rolenT e„ v. ," 'ulf.rr*'"''"™ '"■"■ '»''■• ^■«'''' accorder. ° ■ P"'""* ""M"!. il. ne ae.tolent po Tranblation. pr,a« ::;a rj;,i":r"avi''« v; r"'- ■" ^"-"•' " -"»«"«' •"" - b„r.« ...„, p,aed..e:":«^t' „:■;::! r '""* "■"•• "" ""»" "- -^. wo„,d ..a. .jrr: ^rr !:z :;; — :t::.r Island 'buTl'he?^"\°' °"'"'" """ "■'' "'"'''™' ""'""-J " S'- Croix island, but the indications point to the island as its location. So much for the history of the island down to the removal of September 7, 1G06, which visit he describes as follows: - CHAPITRE XIII. du bM lui «,.„1, ,„„ „ „^' * .1,'" •"""■• """• '«"'>"'■"'•■ d».„. * ,„„,,„ /.=..« ;r.'/,t'i.r:„rvirx,r; '-* r .^lll. ./.clfli 1^2 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Translation. • . . The next day we proceeded In a shallop to the Island of St Croli, where Sleur de Monts had wintered, to Ke If we could And any .pikes of wheat and other seeds which we had planted there. We found some wheat which had fallen on the ground, and come up as Bnely aa one could wish; also a large number of garden vegetables, which also had come up fair and lai [;e. It gave us great satisfaction to see that the soli there was fair and fertile. This was Champlain's last visit to the island. In September, 1607, he returned to France, and later became the Father of Now Fiance, but he came no more to Acadia. Lescarbot mentions this visit in the following words: — CHAP. XIIH. [i.r., XIII.] [i;53] ... sleur de Poutrlnoourt .... vislta ladlte He. It oil II trouva du ble mur de celul quo deux ans auparavant le sleur de Monts avolt sem«, lequel estolt beau, gros, pesant. & bien nourrl CHAP. XV. [56-] .... Apres avolt ill fait, vne reveug, & caressS les Sauvag. oul y estolent .... Tkanblatiom. .... Sleur de Poltrlncourt .... visited the said Island, where he found ripe wheat, of that which two years before the Sleur de Monts had sown, which WOB Une large heavy and well-nUed out. . . . After having vlng conciliated the Indians who were tnere .... made there a review and ha A year later, in July, 1607, Lescarbot himself in company with I'outrincourt, visited St. Croi.x Island, of which he speaks thus:— 1680] .... Elat de I'ile Slaincte-Croix CHAP. XVIII. [600! .... Arrives que nous fumes dans ladlte lie de Salncte Croli. nous y trouvamcs les batlmenj y lalssez tout entlers. fors que le magasln ostolt dfcouvert d'vn cOtS. Nous y trouvames enco-[601]re du vin d'Hespagne au fond d'vn muy, duquel nous beumcs, & n'estolt guere gats. Quant oui Jar- dlni nous y trouvames encore des choui. ozelllea & lalclues. dont nous nmes cuisine. Nous y times aussl dc bons patez de tourtres qui sont l.\ frequentes dans les bols. Mais les herbea y sont »l hautes, qu'on ne pouvolt les trouvcr quand elles estolent tufea & lombfes h terre. La court y 58tolt plelne dps tonneaux entlers, lesquelz quclques matelolj mnl dlsclpllnPii bruUront pour leur plalslr, dont feu horreur qunnd le le vl. & Jugeay mfeux que rtevant que les aauvages ealnlent (du raoins clvllcment) plus humalns ft plus gens bien .,ue beaucoup de ceux qui portent le nom de Chrfllen, avant ilepuls trola ana rardonnS Sl ce lieu, auquels lis n'avolent point seulement prls vn n-orceau de bols, nl du eel qui y estoit en grande quantity dur comme roche Thanblxtio.v, DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND CHAPTER XVIII. Slale of SI. Croit Uland. . . on one .Ide. We found there al,o 'n the Ho i™ "'"»''»"'' ""'oh wa, uncovered -. drank and .. „„, „, ^„„„ 'ZZl T.T° ' "■"«'»""'■»•'- «' which cabbaBCe. sorel and lettuce which „. . ' "' '"'"^ ">«" «'»o Pie, from the pigeon, which'a e frenuentTh". l '"" """"' ""■" ""° «-" there 1, ,„ high that o„e cannot And ,b ' " "°"'"- ""' '"= «'■'"» the ground.. The courtyard here .a, fu,r„; I" ""' "' """"' ^"^ '="■ - dl«iplined .allor.. burned for p. Lure !b, H T """'"■ ""'"'■ "'"■ >»-">' I «w better than before that Le Z'.ana f ''°""'"' "" ""=" " «" " und *un,.„i.ed and better Peopie ban mZ ^ " '" 'T '" """■""" ""^ Chrl.tlan., having for ,, « ,ear" L^!. th^ , " " ° '""" "" """"^ »' ::rrd rtr- :' -- - »' - -- ™r;rnrr:r ro:T:u\re°jr'n.r:d:;:re,rr°;:r. ^^ -- ^""-'- ™ -- -•■ d^ .e premier vo.age du .elrMon", e^ TJZ' ""' '' """"" ""'"^ Translation. .he «r.t vo.„.e made b, s.eur .e^Montl-^herarTs:, I^ ? """ """ ll! Of th!i:t,::t:;t zi sr::?'; '^"^ "-'^-^ ^^ ^"^ -p- of Poutr,nc„„ft. .as! of he '„„ r" ' yd^A^ ™'^- ""' "'"""'""™ St. Croix Island. ™mrad<, ot de Monts m Acadia, „-;.>, Human nature chances Iltiio .iitK .1 >• no. the oni, hunter who h ^^ a,';rhi';:r" "' '"' *^" ' ^--'«' his inability, ,0 recover that « hich he ha. k," ' 1 '"''" ""''°"" """" "' ""' "> Kreirirrr't^rtZ:":!;!™ ::u^ n::;^" t °' -'-'"'- ---^ '- .nch clrcum.tance, a. Pre ai ed at St Cr^.'tT .' """ """»«="«'" "nder > w.v dim, nit. ^""' '"""d In the winter of 1604-1605 '8-* ROYAL SOCIETY OF f'ANADA The next year, 1611, came another incident in its history, when a traJer, Captain Platrier, seated himself there, and passed the fol- lowinR winter upon it, as recorded in the Relations of Father Biard. ■ ■ . . nous apprln.mM que le capltninc Platrier ,-Mtolt rejolu <1- passer 1 H>u.r en nie „l„cte Croix. & qu'll y e.tolt resW lay clnqulesme. Cette nouuelle lit prendre resolution au sleur de Blencourt duller 6. Salncte Crois de ceste mesme tirade, auant que le Capltalne Platrier eu»t moyen de .e forll- «er; Mr 11 voulolt tlrer de luy le Quint de toute. ses marclumdlse., « tralcle parce quMl hyuernolt sur le pays. L'Isle Sal.Kte CroIx est i six lleQe^ du Port aux Coqullles, au milieu d'vne rlulere. Doncques le sleur de Blencourt y vlnt. accompagns de hulct personn,.s i y entra en armes, ayant lalss« le p. Blard en vn bout de flBle. sur des roohes attendant I'euenement, parce que Icdlct Perc auolt conuenu luec ledlct sleur qu'en out d'aucune Inuaalon. ou acle. de guerre, ou force centre les Prangols 11 serolt delalsse en quelque lieu a rescart, en telle facon, qu'vn chacun peust Wuolr. qu'll estolt amy de tons les deux partys. & qu'll sentremettrolt fort volontlers pour acco Isr les dlfterents. mal« nullement pour estre partlallste Dleu mercy, tou. i -jsa heureusement: Platrier nous tralcta le raleux qull peut; Et a son ayde le sleur de Blencourt recouura vne barque Translation, .... We learned that Captain Platrier had decided to pass thd Winter on the Island of sainte Croix, and that he [Sleur dc Blencourt) would get hll fltth therefrom. This news made Sleur de Blencourt resolve to go to Sainte Croix at once, before Captain Platrier had means of fortifying himself; for be wished to collect from him the Fifth of all his merchandise and trade, tor wintering In the country. The Island of Sainte Croix is six leagues from Port aux Coqullles,' in the middle of a river. Accordingly sleur de Blencourt went to this place, accompanied by eight people, and, well-armed, marched into the place, having left Father Blard In one end of the Island upon the rocks, awaiting the outcomes because the Father had arranged with the sleur, that In case of any invasion, or warlike act or force against the French, he should be left In some place apart, so that every one might know that he was a friend of both parties, and that he would very willingly interpose to make peace between those at variance, but under no circumstances would be take sides with either. Thank God. all passed oil happily: Platrier treated us as well as he could; and with 'hla aid. Sleiir de Blencourt recovered a barque (Relalimt III.. ISS-S^l.} Bieneourt was the son of Poutrincourt and at this time was in command in Acadia, and entitled to a Ilfth share of all trading profits. Later in the same year. Father Biard with Sieur de Blencourt again visited St. Croix Island: — nous repassasmes a i'lsle S. Croix. oO Platrier nous donna deux barlis di- pols. ou de febues; Ivn & lautre nous fut vn blen grand present. ' Head Harbour, on Campobello. IXWIICT (ST. CROIX USLANl) 193 [OANOiro] Transit TiON, (Ae/alioKf, ///., 224. 225) In the summer of that year Uantr n . . : f f : ^'""^ ''*'*'"'■ of Virginia to drive ti,e%r:„e/!:::. ."'J" Z",. ^, ""^^ '"«"^"- tared Father Biard at Mount Dof-r; an,' ■ . ,1 i, " • '"'" .he good Father himself to tell :„ ",,„ i, .:, " ,■ ^ ■'""i"""" Hie „.„,„. „e„™ „„M, p„. ■ "■' 'n Franco. e.t,.ahabltatlon'cmk7ctreCru.r'rr-. h"*"'",,',' ' '"*" ' »""""«""" Scd erat sal Ibl rellclum. Nfm., ■ Ufr i " 'l ' '*''''•'"'■■" «Ment Quanao fui™e Angll nwaw. Rot =,,■,;,,„,'„ '.""■,";' lerglverwrl et evadere ; sed nihil pn.fi: ,„, ■ .erl "„.'-,' Hum .„c.<,„dl,ur capltan.u,. e. eram J.,„ „„ c„ o p*; me lp,i locum reperlunt dlrlpiunt et Ince.d.n ■ at-.ue ft)l nie i Ego qua poeeum ? lulle. HIc nlmi- ^um sublto alne -A gives another THAKSLATION. H?re a new peril arose. The Knali.h ■,« i i, to 80 totheaettlementor Salnte CroT, alihoa^ ^^ ProvU.u.ly ,ta,ed. „,,h..„ ..n... some aalt, however, had been le te^ "Jl'' " ""' "™« "° '"'>-'>'- the way; and the Engll.h knew thatl had h ,. '""'" ""''"'" ""=" iltelaliont, lit., 10. 11.) lu another place, his Kelation oi' lO-KJ, Falher Bi account of this event. De salnct Sauueur lis addrppperent ft q r-^r^i-, «nal qu II auolt en oommandenwnt. ranct, Thanjlatiok. From saint Sauveur they sailed for Ste. Croix Sieur dc Mont--- »i . «.*. -en.; and, a. .he, knew .ha. ^.Her Blard had brnt":"!";;",'^'^; Sec. II., IBOS. 18. i^^M^i^U'c^imfM i9e ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA iS ' ■_- h. h^ ^7 , """• "■"■•°"«'">' "^ "-paring them with the map. !Lhlch h.*ad taken rom u.. he at laat ,„„„a the place himself. He took away . PK.d Pile of ,alt, Which he found there, burned the .ettlement, and de.tro'ed all trace, of the name and claim, of France, a. he had been commanded to do (SefcKiOM, lY., SS, 37.) But once more in this period does St. Croii Island make its appearance in tlie records of hUtory. In 1632, Isaac de Kazilly fol- lowing nearly in the footsteps of de Monts as a colonizer of Acadia received a great grant from the King of France, described in the foUowmg terms : — L'«endlle de. terre. & pay. que en.ulvant. a .oavolr la rlvKre ft bale U nC;7"^ '"" ' '°"''"""- " '""' '"'^-"■•" "■"" ■>"• r"aul. ,n mll^r ,f °»? '"'"■"" "" ■""''' """" ■" '"«"■ » ■"■•""J- ■= point mlleu en 1 Lie Saincte-Crol.. ou le .leur de Mon. a hlvernf. & vlnat lleue, de pro ondeur depul. le port aux c„,„,„e.. qui e.t en lune de, l.lc.t e„ ". foni S.lnct..Crol., chacou. lleue. de quatre mllle tol,e, de rUem^M. 0/ l«, E-ilUh a,i Frmck Commu.ori„," i'cri., 1755. ,.„ 707.) Translation. ,..J^f r.'7l°' """ '"" '"'■""'' '°"''»'°». '"at '■ to ,ay. the river and .\L°:T "^ "" """"" ""'"'"" '""^l". «"1 the adjacent country Z .hhI" '" "'" ^"■"'"- '" "" """' " '""" '=»»»" '" ""•It", will. U middle point In 8t. Croix I.land, »her. the Sleur de Mont, wintered, and w.nty league, of depth from the Port Aux CoquUle, [Head Harbour], which I. in one of the I.land. at the entrance of the rlv.r and bay of Bt. Croix, each leagu. of four thouund fathom, m length. It is easy enough to lay down this grant upon a modern map. Mid the curious reader may find it thus shown with other etirly French grants upon a map in an earlier volume of these Transac- tions.' But de Bazilly died before he could carry out hia plan for colonization, and his grant lapsed. There is not the slightest evi- dence that he ever even saw IsU. St. froix, nmeli less attempted to settle upon it. Thus ended the history of Isle Sainle Croix in the Acadian period. Actdian settle! j in small numbers lived in the vicinity towards the cloae of the seventeenth and early in the eighteenth century, but none of them are known to have occupied the island. Nor in any other way, in document, or on map, docs it make any appearance during the remainder of the long Acadian period, which ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 and the ce w ion of all Acadia to England. ' Vol. v., IIM, netlon II., pan in. mfm^£' [oAXO.VdJ DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND ippears, ramcl Bone Island umn \Vrf^h7' « ^ ^ *'"' "''^° '* St. John." 1772. Orl»l„., „., "^ ' P«-«.lquodl Bay ,„ tb, Rlv.r map of lh« island Ast" ho nit ^ ? "' ""^ ""'"" """i'™ it fron, some 0/ the me J LZ 7""'r'*" "' ^^''«'" """»'"«» for in certain tcti^on;;^,"; lb 2 :'",! " ''--""luoddy. te.t,fie. that the name, on hi, map „„ 11 , T'"","""^' '"' "obtained from th.. Inhabitant of'th; i>,",r of" aL .""i "" """ for the origin of the name ha. be«n nlTlly . '^ P"''«We reason » f« « I can find. „„.., n„, ,,„„ rbeeoitii ::nn:z';:r„ s^ *'" '■■■ 198 KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA document, of the Boundary Commission - but thereby hangs an his- torical tale, which must be briefly related The Treoty of Paris in 1783, which formally closed the unhapnv war of the Involution, established the St. Croii river from its souree to It. mouth as a part of the International Boundary between the Lnited States and the British Possessions. This wa. the natural mtemational boundary in this region, for it was the old boundary between Massachusetts, then inc- -ding Maine, which had led the Kevo- lution, and Nova Scotia, then including New Brunswick, which had remained loyal to Great Britain. The Treaty was not a year old however, before disputes arose locally as to the identity of the Kive^ ff. '^ '^*'^' "■" ^""''' '^'''«°'» <^'»™ing the present river of that name, and the American residents claiming the Magagua- „nr,„i? r"'f f'"*"?' *° "'' '■"•' »" «"""'« "odern historical and geographical knowledge, that there could have been any doubt upon the subject, but if we view it in the light of the imperfect knowledge of that time, the origin of the controversy becomes clear All tnat was definitely known about the River St. Croix was that it ™ one of the rivers emptying into Passamaquoddy Bay which had been named by the French « iieh they settled there. But all tradition of de Monte- settlement had long since vanished, and there was nothing known to the residents to enable themi to determine which of the several rivers emptying into Passamaquoddy was the true St. Croix or even how the identity of the river was determined. The earlier ^r/ T ; '""l.'^"' ""^^ *" '■'""'■'y *•" "'" -'•«■' it "«» the boundary between Massachusetts and Nova Scotia only confused the inTro! wb ^l' "r ."V"" '""" ""^" "" •'«'■' "P- ■'■ Thus n 1764, when John Mitchel was sent by the Governor of Massachu- setts to Identify the River St. Croix, ho was told by the Indians that the Magaguadavic was the river so called by them. This testimony of the Indians was valueless, for we now know thct the St Croix was not the Magaguadavic, and, moreover, the India s the very next .y«r 176S, told Morris, a Nova Scotia surveyor, th .t the CoTsc"k was known to them „ the St. Croix.. Nevert'heiess, the^ .Taternt to Mitchel, apparently confirmed as it was by the map, of thetT. naturally enough, led the people of -Massachuitts. ard''^,ter nssTh; peoUe of the United States, to believe that the Magaguadavic 'was the St Croix, and hence, should form the Interna.^ B nda" The b«t maps of that time gave a certain support to this view f^r thej^howe d two large river, emp tying into what wa^supp^ed to ' This Hub]«ct Is treated fully In the wv-tt»r'a •• m™„__ ^ . voluir. of lh«» Tr.n..ctlDnr B'uniwick, l„ ,h, pr,cMli,» W5J ■^ £oAlfO.Vu] DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND . "•t<''-national boundary, but «o far their cL Z X rL^ tro/V'f ""' ^'""'°"' -"> the condition of affair. durinL- th.H , Americans. Such wa. tion, and much local fSat tt^le 1""' ^■'°" " '"^ ^«->'- governments was caused bv T . "■""'""'"^ '» tl-^ two Finally, the ,uc.„ion ecanfo o nr " "; ^ '^ '" "■'' ^--'^'^^r- States and Groat Britain™ ore", -^ "a T "' '" ""' ""^ ^-'^^d the question a. to tt,.. i,lo,?mv „ , p ""■' '"""'''''"^ '»' '»"-« Treaty of n,S3, to a con': „ ''„ '\\«';- «*' ^roix meant by thf by each nation, and those t„o to cl „„ , ! ^. ', T *" '^ "'''"'"'^'^ two of them to be accepted I fma" V I.^ "■," '''*'^'™ "' ""y ohose Thomas Barclay a nromi^enf 7 ' , .'^'''^'"^"'Kly. Oreat Britain Umted States chose^Dav^ HoTe , 'll"" °' ^"^ «-«»■ -<1 th^ Inland, and those two agreed nZp,V .T,'"™' "•'^™ "^ "'"xi= of New York, as the Tw^ T ^^^ """'''"- » lading lawyer arr-e the British cla';";:' .^a rchir^- ?" ^"'■■^'' »-"**" John, while .ho American rf.cntlSrr,",,'''"''"'' '''>»''^' »' St. eminent lawyers of his tinu in A?,, T """"• """ <" 'he most -amission was Edward IZ^'^^Z^J';: '""^-■^' "' ">« The commission assembi,,! at St A„i v Brunswick loyalist ^96. t™nsacted m„eh rm, e bu tTi: to ' r"""''' '" •^"^''• '=at,on and the making of surveys irf '" ™""'*'"'" ""h its organ- at.on it could from residentl I^d T„ r "'* "'^ "" ""= '»<"" i"''",,. 'i^itod the JfagagnadaJt „^,d the r"d- T"" •"™-'^" P«"™»"v ox.„,i„ed the various islands inl^^^d ,h" "7""' ''• ^™'^)' the next year in Boston. It „J J' '' "',™ ""j^^M-d to moot ".oners from the slart that th TcrLT"' '" ""' ™"""'»- and that he had settM on an i land wi h7 T """"■'' ''>•<'« "■»"*. "*.t. to the var.ous islands Ihev lid not r""'' *»" »" "«i^ original narrative, and map, but 1" , '" 7"' """" C'.amplain', r:;ir:jn::™'itf^'--r;::"'j:^ - ™"--om.rs .-":v".Td:"norii:sXi^„--t 200 ROYAL SOCIETy OF CANADA V: 4.:#" mouth of the Uigdcjuash, was the island described by Champlain, thus seeking to sustain his contention that the Magaguadavic was the St. Oroix. The British agent appears to have hit upon the correct island, namely, Dochet, as Isle St. Croix, but apparently the com- missioners were then unconvinced by either. When the commission met in Boston in August, 1797, very lengthy arguments were sub- mitted by the agents of the two countries. The British agent traced the history of the River St. Croix of the Treaty, and argued that it waa the same as the Eiver St. Croix of all the earlier charters, etc., and the same as the St. Croix in which de Monts had wintered in 1604, and he claimed that the Scoodic (the present St. Croix) was that river. The American agent, on the other hand, claimed that the River St. Croix >f the Treaty of 1783 was not that of the ancient charters, but the river locally so called, and so represented upon the maps of the time, especially on Mitchell's map of 1755 which was admitted to have been used by the negotiators of the treaty in their deliberations, regardless of whether this was the ancient St. Croix of do Monts and Champlain or not. The former St. Croix he claimed to be the Magaguadavic. The commissioners, as their deci- sion shows, unanimously decided that the contention of the British agent waa correct, a decision which is fully in accord with the evidence and indeed, the only one possible in the light of a full knowledge of the subject. The question then resolved itself into this, which of the nvcrs was the St. Croix of de Monts and Champlain? Hap- pily t^is question was answered even before it was asked, and here St Croix, or Dochet, Island steps once more upon the scene. In June or July. 1797, Mr. Chipman, the British agent, received from i-urope a copy of Champlain's map of 1604 (fig. 8), which now became known to Ihc members of the commission for the first time He sent a copy of this map to Robert Pagan, a prominent citizen of St Andrews, who, guided by the map, proceeded to Dochet Island; but we wdl let h.m tell his own story, in his own words. It is contained in a deposition laid before the commission, and preserved among their papers. ° Robert Pawn Dwl.rw. th.t liavln, obtained a Plan of St. rrol« I.l.na «ld to nave been publl.h at Pari. Anno 1613 and having .ompared It »lth th. Shore Cove, and Point, of the I.l.nd l.yl,,, a few mile, b..|o„ the mouth of Scoodlac niver at the Devil. Head commonly called Pocea, I.land. and •1.0 with the .bore, (.co of the main Land we.tward and Ka.tUMrd of it a. laid down in that Plan, and havlns found a most .IrlklnK agreement between every part of the., .horea, cove, and point, and that plan. He on the 7th day of thi. In.tant July went to .aid Doeea. I.land accom- panied by William Cook.on, Thoma. Greenlaw. Nehemlah oilman and John Rl«by for Ihe purpoi* of m.klrit further dl.coverle. there On the North Bnd of utid Docea. I.land where In the plan .love mentioned the French [ganowq] DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND SOI On examfnlriff these Pllen h. # «ner.l lev.l or ,he Ground aroLdThl"""" «'"■"'""'"' ■'•'-'i above .he from .,x to eighteen ,„eh., deep ^™ "'"■ ""'™"" " ">"•» leave. e.cr„rr"pT,er,r"i"L'';„rarre'"";r"^ --" "- - -- - Perfecv dl.„„c, „„„ the .Ze a;d oV.Se f "' "" ""'"• "■' "»" '» Tier. Of .tone, „r „o,^, made ^',e « ,^ , f "'""' ""°''"'"' ">='"■"-" •"» ""t "' a p,,. „„d ,n other ::;„'';„ aT-rrr' ^"""'"" "-•'- ^"«^ •.a. been, and there are evLn, Zk" „„ ,he « ' ,'" "''"""'" "•'^"" "" In dlBlnK he f„m,d chnrroal ,T ^ ™ '" """'' P'""'- hied ,„ ple.,, ,„ h„nd„n; r„ : °r^'7' "»"' -""•'' « "a, ea„ly erum- vatlon. one one .,de „, o'ne „r th Plle/he d!" " "'""' '"'"■•""• '" '"" "'""- laid together „s to cnvlnee hin, th , '"""'""='' " "™1>" ->r Brick,, ,o Ihere, all thi„e Hrhk, „,e In a lolnr„hi .' °"" "'"' ""■"""■'>• =>"<■'< built Deolare,-,h„t on the ,s.h day ,r, t ,„ t,n' T,"?,"'""""""- "" '""-" on a party of pleasure « Ith a larce <•, Z ' "^ "' ""'" """a' '"and blm tovle»the ruin, above deBerThedrd ,""' °' "■" '■"°"""""' »'"' »«•■ Of John Brewer E.,r.. John clpbe," Thrn/T'"'"'''' '" ■■■•""" McMa..er. E.„., Donald McLauSn Ln fd 4 ' *"''"°'"' '"'"'" Thorn.. Pagan. He uncovered anothe; nL of r'!''"''.,'"''"""' ''*»»" """ Pile, found on the 7 I„,tant «hleh th.v , , ^"""'■' ''°'" "" 'o" Tier. Of Stone ,„ the »ame manner .a .he";' ." J' "» '" '"""""'ar with In dlglng „„h a .pad. for a fej minute, ' "' ""■■ turned up a metal ,poon, a mu.kett Ban a '? *.' ""' °' "•"' "'"■ "■"' •Pike Nail all of „hlch .hew evident rn^rk^ „ T ^ " '"'"" ^"'" """ ' the .urface. ' """" °' """I"* '«"« a long time under ..land are:;j^r:h"e".:t'"':hr;,':rb" :'"":-" - «-' -' - - extending f„,m th. middle o the i.lald , ?" "* * "" "^" "' «■«'<■ con.,derable breadth In n a, y pla.'The Z". "" """" °" "'" ""' " •urface and In other place, the Ledge 1,'LhMv /°"" """" """'' "" That Ihl. Declaration n,ay be 1' , ^ '""""' a"" I'av... Plan refered to. "^ "'°" '""'" """"••lood he ha. , nxed th. St. Andrew. 20th July 17B7. (Signed), RoBBiRT Pauan. Pernonally appeared before me Daniel .McM.,ter i-.„ Ju.tlc.. of the Peace for th. Coon.. 7, "™""" "^"'^ ""■• of hi, Maje.ty, mad. oath to the" uth o, th, n« I'm ' "'"'■''■' '""'^" ''•""•• -"° Pa«. o, Sheet of Paper 'ut'crnldTy iL:"""""'"" '" "" "™' """ "-"" (Pre ,»c 0..,Jar,J,.v. „ „„„„.,„ „, of''?;"';. '"•'''■ »"■"'■««, J.P. £02 ROYAL SOCrPTY OF CASADA But this is not the only testimony on the subject. Later in the same year Thomas Wright, Surveyor-General of Isle St. John (Prince Kdward Island), the maker of the map of 1772, already referred to earlier, page 197), visited Paesamaquoddy on behalf of the Boundary C mraissioners, and on October 24, 1797, gave awora testimony as fol ws (Ms. hitherto unpublished among records of the Bonndarv Con ission): . . . since being .ummoned to attend the Commissioners appointed as afori ,ld. I have l)e»towed every attention towards Informing myself on the Subji t of their Investigation: Have perused the several publications of voyages n 1e by the French to Acadle; their Discoveries thereupon, and con. •eauent St lement made (by Monsr.,. de Monts, Poutrlncourt, Champlaln Lescarbot .-...d others), on a .mall Island which they named Isle de Salnte Croix, called on my said plan. Bone Island, situated In the midst of the River Scoodlac or Great River St. Crolx.-I have also crltlclly examined those French Settlers plan of the said Island: handed to me by Ward Chlpman Esqr. His Britannic Majesty. Agent &c. Have compared It In every particu- lar respecting the situation (as described by the said French Settler.) Its measurement, shape. 4c. with that of my said Survey made In 1772: and Ond such the said French Description and plan ot the said Isle de Salnte Croix so very nearly to correspond therevylth as to leave me not the least room 'for doubt, that the said Isle de St. Croix or Bone Island was the Identical spot on which the said Frenchmen made their settlement sometime about or between the years 1604 and JBU.-there Is no other slluallon to be found In the circuit If the whole Bay of Passaraaquoddy to which such the said French Description of and plan would m the least apply to: so that taking the whole mto consideration I have every reason most assuredly to believe that the said River Scoodlac Is the true and anilent named River St. Croix. On ihe same date, Tlionias Wright also snore to the following lestimony. likewisr now published for ihe lirst time from the lis. in the reconla of the Boundary Commission. It will be notitl that it 18 of very great local interest. The Deposition of Thomas Wright, Esquire. His Majesty, Surveyor Oen- eral of th- Island of St John In the C.ulph of Salt.. Lawrence, respecting what h. saw „r Remains ot Habttatlon. on I.le de Saint CTolx. or Bone Island 4c. whilst on the Survey thereof October the eleventh and twelfth one thousand seven hundred and nlnety-seven-ln company with Robert Pagan. Esquire and a party of men assisting upon the said Survey &c. Thomas Wright. K.qulre, above named, upon hi. Oath doth testify and declare that— 1st, He examined the Foundation of a building (as the People cleared away the Trees. Rubbish, 4c ) In Form ot an oblong square, which he mea- ured with a si. Feet Rod; and foun.l one Side twenty Feet long, laying In the Direction (l,y hi. pocket compas.l ot North .North East and South South West-The other side at right angle, to It (and facing nearly the North End ot the Island! measured slxty-slx Feel In Length, the remaining two Side, of [OANONO] IKK-IIKT (ST. ruoiX) ISLAND 203 the oblong square rrMKur.^ Ihi. .„„„. ' ., k .. Southen, End of the ,ald F„u„da.l„r ', ~ f tw,„,y.r„„r p,et from the colour wh.chJ.":;d:,/MLHe°.""„;T T' ""'^ °' " ""« »"- te-tb. In Thlckne«, which «.."„', '™'=-'°""-^''™''-'"«l one Inch and four- ..V. reaulted fro. the Z^Z o ' o'a" .cT^ "c7r„::': ""r^ ^ removing the upper part of the Ruhhi.hi „ '""'°' Chlmnle, ; and (upon coloured clayey mortar- '''n.Z ' "" *""""" '" ' """ "«'" tlon.-Some of the Stones ih,,,,, ,.'"*"""''■ "" »» """1^ "f the .aid Founda- .. If bum. on one Z-Th r :.;."'':r """"'"'-""'' "PO-e^ blact H«,p, that appeared In ,., lZ[lv„2 Z ""7 """' '"'°"' "" ■»"' between .b. Finger,, aa ro,ten--,ire°T™ ,1,0 al^yT.t'''' ""'" '"■"""' Piece. Of very hard burnt Earthen w.r ' ' ' "" "'" "•*"" """' that he tool, .om, K. .>"? rf^ ,„der , , "" '^''°"'"' '""'■" ""'" ""O grubbing and PU,N„; "emd ;, , ! h," ''" "^ '""" """"" "■- "-'■- twelve inohe. through nt Their "J 1 ' '""' """""""■l '™n> ten to ten Tree., over the .aid Found" „:„ T""''? "•"""'■ '^'""' ^"" »' ■■•"- Diameter; ,ndvar,ou.,l„„,?r'C Tib! 7, :'''"■" "" """'^ '"■■'■" '" ».™o.. .„ ,he stone, o, the -aid ^^Ida' ™' , :: T^.V'';:':;:" """"" 2nd. In the nirpon „ * . i-arth. beneath.— u ine uirectlon of ubmit South bv We• ^ """"ly the forn^er, and bedded ". le M „ e :":," T ''"'''■' '"" "" ""■>-•-« " bluish colour-that hod evidently „„. .„ ", '"'' """"■ "'' ■^""' 'Hfht or -with Root. Of Tree. Interwoven - ' ">""•'"""- »' " '"-bled chimney «ve„,y or ■ :.<^' ^" " '■ '» >« •Apparently .ho hou.e T „t fh.mplaln'. plan (Fig 5) Apparently ,h, hou.e K „, ,h„n„laln'. plan. A*Ii«eBtly the dwelling of Ch«m,.|aln. r on the plan H^. :9MiyW^ IW^lf Wi £04 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA c!.° -Td sir.'L '" ' °' *"""" '"" '""• °'""-°'' a B'1 Of Sand- .nv'Lln'" ""7;"'"'' "''""'' "" """"'■ l" ""S not ob,erve th. I».t Run, or .ny Spring., or Ire.h water; though the People with him made diligent Search for .ome to drlnlc; but. they were obliged to ,.„d ,o th. Main I^nd for «rje «th. In the Neighbourhood of the before mentioned Foundation, and pile. Of (to Appearance tumbled chlmnle., he ob.erved .everal deep Hoi., that .wmed to have been dug In Search of Water, 10th, And, further, thi. Deponent .alth that, the I.land I. covered with Wood-.ome of con.ldemble Sl.e-The Specie, are chiefly of Plr-Spnice- ^^' 7"«-W'>lte Blrch-Maple-Cedar and Beech-He «w but on. Oak Tr«.-that appeared to *av. been lately fallen with an a... for «,me of l" Leave, were on th. Branche.:-lt measured from eighteen to twenty Inch.. In Diameter, near the But.— nth. And lastly, thI. Deponent ealth that, a plan of the .aid Survey now in hi. hand Intltled a plan of I.le de Saint. Croix, or Bone ••I.land .ltuat«l. In th. Scoodlac or Great River -Salnte Croix. In Pas.amaquoddy Bay ■■-1. » true plan of a Survey of the ..Id I.land made by Him. the .aid Deponent, on the Twelfth Day of October In the year of our Lord One Thou.and .even hundred and Ninety-seven.- St, Andrew. Oct. 24th 1797. Tho. "n'niGliT. Surv. Cenl. St. Andrew.. County of Charlotte, °' "" "' ^'- ■'°''"- Oct. 24th 1797. Personally appeared the above named Thomn. Wright, Esquire, and mad. Oath on the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God to the Truths of the afore- going Deposition by hini subscribed.— Fhlnea. Bruce, Esquire, wo. iiotmed and present at lie taking of thI. Depoeltlon.- Before us. Jno. CrnnY, J. P. Danl. McVastkr. J.P. Tlie map of Bone Island made by Thomas Wright is that here- with rc|)rodiiocd.' (figs.. 11, )3.) This testimony was transmitted to the commissioners, and accepted by them. Naturally tho Britis!. agent rested his case with confidence upon it, while the .\merican agent endeavoured to explain it away. The latter claimed that the ruins were not proven to be those of de Monts' settlement, but were much m.ore likely those of ' Not hitherto published except In the author's work. "A Monograph of Historic Site, in the Province of New Bnin.wick,- In then Tran..ctl.>n., Vol. v.. Ht». Sect. II.. page :64. V«o cople. of the map are accnslble. on. In the Crown Land Omce at Frederlolon. from which the present copy (Pig. 11) le taken, and another with the Benson MS. In the Library of the Maasachu- setts Historical Society, other copies ate In th. IIS. Record, of the Boundary Commiulon. BOf, id— [qahono] DOCHBI (ST. CHOIX) ] ^ The ScooDiAC /oi >«»«■ U>.n in th. ortjfnl., *" ™'"'' "" •'>°'« ""<- •■»« b«n m. •A:i ST- CKOIX) ISLAND SOB "••vler. ud th. fliur,, of «,undln„ ,om.wh.t lin-;'-Vl C'.iiJi maoain hsowtion tbt oun (ANSI ond ISO TtST CM/WI No. J| 1.0 Ilia 120 j.l ?.' 1^ 1^ 1 1.6 ^ /iPPLIEq IM43E Ine teas tnt Horn Sl^Ml 9iP^i««MiiB*^ii«r:''.a»^ m 'X a* n brought from their L [oanohgI norilET (ST. CROIX \i"<^ ■obp/1 t l l\ ^ -^-^ftofT'Tf <2'«**' ^AiA e^ut^t; *ei^ruu/, :X,i Fio. 12.-Wri»hf. map of the I.land. 17»7. Portion of the map .liown m Fig u b lower position on Pig. 11 t„ the pi,o, here .hoe value of the evidence con- TX t . ■' '■' "' '''""'""y ■"■"^ '^'^ ^ gi™" i" «"= words 01 the third comn)issioiier, Egbert Benson, who, in a report' to the President of the United States, explaining the decision, says-- Subsequent to the View of the n,outh. of the Rivers in question and th» adjacent Object,, by the Commissioner, at the instance of the Ige";, "n thl t^ll"! " M "" fT" •" "'"""''■ "' ""• "" »™--^ from S'p, n talnlng a Map of the Isle »„,„,» f„i,. ^ copy of which is hereunto Tnexed caned Z:\ T' "'? "'^ """"' "^ "'«'"■'« '""■ '"<■ ^°" ™ '"e ""-e of the rive, at D^'vii "H^d ',1 „ I trt b^, '"''^"' '"^ ""-""^ Les, would have been a par o tl e Ji . ,f ,^"', "" "''"* *">" ■^'''■«' declared the mouth of thi / ! ^ ""''^■' ™"' *''« Treaty ni.ed no otLr ™ r/ But'lVTreL" "" '"'! "' ^'""'"'^ "-"^ ^o^' all Wanda within twent? le ™ T /"'^ " '''° ^''"'' ^'"'''^ drawn due oast fron, the'moTh of he StT'^ '^'"^ ''^'""™ ""- St. Mary's Kiver in FloriX " evi ^ ^l"'" "'"' "'^ "'™"' "^ or heretofore have beerwUhin tl ** ■''°/"* '''"""^ "^ ""^ «'^. Nova Seotia." Xo« ih; ^ T ' """' °^ ""= ^"''1 I'^^neo of ownership was tatd 'h'^f /i'^ ed'tir ,f "7 1™""' "" *'"^'' "" of her eoasts, and this s the 1 ''"^"'l ■^'™<1« «tWn six leagues successor here of X -a S o ia^"" ' ^™ ^^''"^"■'»''' «>e Tegal Paasama^uoddv Ba,' tept '0!'^^?'''''^ "-'"^ "" *"« '»'"°<'»^f islets, which were i^ 1 sTf ° ^ ? ?'" ^'''""^ """^ '"o contiguous the ground of l^r long plLe'Zn": l"^^ T'^' "^'^^ ^"^^^^ ™ dai« she had to Grand Manan IjlTl '° '^"'™ f" " Partial teen feed at Devil's Head Docl m Isl , f^""'^ "' ">' St. Crok of Fundv. a,.d, being ^thin s v "' T"""'' ^"^ ^''^ '- 'he Bay wic. would tolday l^CtVthalXLf ''' '"''' "' ^^^ ^-- .ot;:^^;ts;u^-^rva----'"^as - as follows (Ms. in possession o'"^:XityJoZ '-'''' "-' I take this opportunity furthPr *« ir,* •' > • received ,„,e,n^e„ce .ha. ^he ."bjec o" "hT.rr "^'"'""'^ ***' ' ^ve St CroIx lying ,„ ,h„ ,„.„ „ mou^h a„H f """""I"" »' the I.„ inally look l„ „ar„e. Under ,he .on",rZ°Z\r,t """"^ '"* -■''" "«»- «f Peace, which , had ,he honour .o ,„Zl " v V """'" "' "" ^realy belonK, to the United ..„te, a, lying on tZL.l," """ "■" '""1 he dividing lln, he.ween Ihe two counTiraioVg ,h ' i"/.,"" '"""''' »"'« <>' t. mou.h, and ,o the nonhward „, a due rl° t ,lne%? " "' ""■ '"" "■"'" Iheretore affected by ,he clauae, alteClng l,!l ,*"" "'"'"■• ""^ "»' treaty; but u thi, con.truc.-on ,a erroneou" aid .h "" ""'" ■" "■« to HI, Majesty of such l.landa a. have at a'"" -^ ">» exception or re.ervatlon ■he Province of Nova Scotl. I. to be Jon.lder d r" "'""" "" ""■"■ «' and .he Cause deacrlptlve of Uie Wandrlranl . :"'"" ""' >""""'"'>ed. have no effect whatever upon Ihe except r^l, , ^'""''' ^"'^ " '° belong. ,o hi. Maje,ty a. having been a the .'1^,. """ """"'""-'"y wl.hln tho.e limit.. "" """ <" «"« "waty of peace 212 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Governor Carleton transmits, the subject, somewhat perfunctorily, to the Duke of Portland in a letter of Au^st 5, 1799, suggesting that Great Britain may still have a claim on Isle St. Croix through the general exception of islands belonging to Nova Scotia. But Chipman himself saw the subject differently soon after, for in a draft of a letter of his (Ms. in the author's possession) to Sir John Wentworth, Governor of Nova Scotia, of August (>, 1799, ho says: .... This Island [Isle St. Croix] tho of very trilling value, has been dur- ing the present j-«ar taken pos^epslon of by Subjects of the United States residing upon that part of the western shore of the River St. Croix which Is opposite to It— altho' this Island was clearly included In the original Grant of the Province of Nova Scotia to Sir William Alexander and therefore was an Island which "had formerly been within the limits of that Province," still 1 concelvp hat it Is not F-aved to Ills Majesty by virtue of the exception in the 2d artlcit of the Treaty of Peace, because it Is not found to lie between the due east lines mentioned in that article, and therefore is not Included In the Grant of the Islands upon which alone the exception can operate. The right to this island I conceive must be decided by ascertaining whether It lies on the American side of the boundtiry line mentioned in the Treaty of Peace " to be drawn along the middle of the river St. Croix from Its mouth In the Bay of Fundy to its source," and as this island does In fact lie on the American side of such line along the middle of the river,' and also on the western side of the main channel of the river, and to the northward of a due east line from Its mouth, if my construction of the treaty in this respect is not erron- eous, it evidently belongs to the United States ' Chipman'a later position seems unquestionably the correct one, and with this the subject ends. However much we may regret that this island does not belong to the country with whose history it is so closely connected, we must all agree that the title of the United States to it is perfectly clear and just. Curiously enough there is an apparent still later British claim to the island, no longer ago than 1896, for in that year in a codifica- tion of the boundaries of New Brunswick passed by the local legisla- ture, Doucetts Island is includexi within the bounds of the Pariah of St. Croix in Charlotte County. This was, of course, due to some error on the part of the compilers of the Act, but it is curious that there was no one in the Legislature of New Brunswick sufficiently informed to point out the error before tho Act was passed. But, in 1899 a new law was enacted to strike out the words "Doucetts Island ' It Is fortunate that the Island lies on the west of the middle of the river as well as on the west of the deepest channel, or a controversy might have arisen over the exact signiflcance cf the word " middle " of the Treaty. * At one time he thought the boundary line would run through the Island, for In a letter of Mar. 27, 17S8, (MS. In my possession) he writes to Jonathan Odell,— " My little Isle St. Croix will probably be divided between the two countries." [qanono] in th Croii DOCIIET (ST. CnoiX) ISLAND 2,3 in^the Hiver St. Croi. " f,». the de.onption of the bound, of St. 3. The Modeeh Histohy of DocnFT t»t.«„ MXSH.T SETir..«EXI OETHE R™ "" ^'"^ ^™- 1799-1902. "" ^^ '■"'^ PBE3E.VT,— adopL":„f :.';™,,'::i7,;/ 'f, "*""^. "'^-^ ^"^^-"^ ^^"h the 'ott,.nicnt of t^,e ralamI„„°,V™^ P"" '° "»"• The permanent various sources co^inuedToa-^f.''' ""' " '""' ''"'"^ '^°™ large nuu,bers of l^ZijZ\T T'" '™^ ""'" 1"*' "^^ and various settlers'bo'an „ oecunv'^^ ''"'"'' '"^^ "^ ^^e St. CroL.. i-othing to indicate C^eupa^T^ of dXTiT t' ■ ^"' '""^ and probably it was not selfl^,) > . f * ^''"'"^ P"" '» 1^9, hard-v have'eseaped m Lt";^-; 'ZTr' ''"'™^°' ^^'^'^'^ " -"""i above cited, or s'ome r: r^rati „ t Wr?ht°s ^''»"" ^.f "' ^''''" •mplicatiou in the lotto: of Ward ChiL« k ^^- ^''"'"'"' 'l"* - ican settlers were takino. L! Pf" ^^"^ "^'""i. '« that Amer- in 1799. '""°° P"^^*^'^'™ °f 'h^ inland for the first time aside'ft: tditrorv.L'rrt:" tit'th" ^'i '''- -«'- -™ island were one Haliker ZZ^TZ" ^i't ''"'"' » *« an,l whose graves, marked by rudeTiStt red J " ""'"^ ^'=""' "^r the lighthouse. It is nossLe v, T"' '^" ""^ >"= ^0™ wife were simply early r^ ident and ^11 """' haliker and his residents must have beenZatte; . "t "" """'''• ^ho first ».i. 1820. The njrjZT'i^rUsZtt^^r^'''^''^ supplied by tradition, namely tha at the t . '"'""'^ '^ "'='' the island was used 'as a "'^eutral stand » I ''^™'" °' ^^^^ name. Neutral Island, oy which Lnff k °? ""g'-'ating the tl>e British and Amer cii vlsels excln'^",^" ''''"™'' <"" "'^^'^ For some years prior to 1813 and ortmftim:",r"''r "' P'"''"' Ifws of one or the other nation we.? '"' "'^ navigation vessels uld not carry p ast!r or otler .0"/™?™°'''* ""'' ^"'i^h nor tin, ed States Jsel. go to B^msh'p rt t i^ ^'^^ ''''''' he vessels had to meet and exchange Lg«s puiii ,11 ^T'""'"'^^' tain places tacitly accepted as " neutrar- ,1 n w ^*"^' ™ <^er- of these places, probably utilized ?or™t J^T' '''"'"' "^ ™« fromjhe^ustoms^^^^,^,^^^ removed pr.:.e. rKn^rk°:.rL~:^^ ^ 2'* KOi-AL SOCIETY OF CANADA vessels are said to have unloaded the plaster upon a wharf, traces of which are still to be seen, built for the purpose in Treats ccvc (Fig. 14), whence it was taken by American vesjels. Tradition states that during the war time a settler named Herrick, possibly the Halikcr above mentioned, lived on the island. Soon after this time we come to authentic information. On March 1, 1880, the Commissioners of the District of Maine in the- Commonwealth of Massachusetts, sold to John Brewer, of Hobbinston in return for thirty dollars ' ■• two .mall Island, in the Bay of P.,aa™aOCHET(.ST. CBOIX) ISLAND » »till living witnei T ero i. ' '!• . "T', ""*"" "'" ""^'""'•y of Beach, ilaiuo, Jlr. (;™4e M, " ('"'^■P'""!'"- l'.m) living at lied -.ionof a,lhi.,fao :r„h r^rn^V^r^ "' """ '"" "' p- "Pon ihc island, and lu ' wriMnli f,""'' ''"' "■"" '"■' P"™'« I have derived much iaformati, ' 7hTl^' "" """'■ ^■'™"' ''"" ■»la..d. The earliest outr Te l!,"' "'^ 'f^"' ^^'ory of the hence he must have lived tL ^7""''"« "^ Stephen lirewer, and "vn *^- ™ ^'^^z^tm^rrr''"- "''"°-- cellars, now are, at th. soutl^^e^te " an„f',i ™'^'"f "''^ 'l'^' "W «»ed hj. his fa,„ilv. There ^^ , , f " ' V"' "'' "" '"'"V^'^'i "^ »f earlier settlement in fruit ',,"""' '"■"' ""'' »"-• -?ns old French set.lon.ent w r el ^ Ws h, "' "'" '"'"^ '"' ''"' Wutr where cannon i„„l Ik,.„™„ /"'';'• 'JV'"'^, ''>» Plaee on the united with th. main island a 7 ' l,r '""' ^ "'''''" »"" ">™ Every summer there came to the 1,^7", P'"" ''"' """' "P"" it- four fishermen, named Blae[ Treat' Voh"'" ,"" I'™'"""' River, w-th the Mingo family and te ded he sif !, """ ■■»!"'""• "'"o Hved had charge and from which many fih wit r*" "T "' ^'^'^^ t^ev for the curing of fish here also Jn , '"''™- ^^'"' "'ere stages of Ihc island did some glrde g '^il" '^^'-f^"""'^ 'ho rcsidS took them to the islanf. Somt r V" ^l"'"' ''""'^' ''*'='• ablylat^r, the Mingo family rclrfromn I' "' P^^'^'P^ eonsider- to h,8 family Williamson refers in ]??o f"""' " '' ''""'"'ess (Vol. I., 189), ,hen he says of the "si ""r. " -"'^'"'^ "^ '^^"'"^ >s usually the residence of one famt ■■ ! ! """ '^ '"'"^. '"'d it left >t. there was for a time a r™ ^ ,. ''''Vt' "'"^o '-"'^^ another named Chase, Later one Th ^™'' ^"^ 'ater public house of low repute, o 'which neon7'"°" '?* '""^ " -^' of *™here. These two lat er residents ^^71,"'?'' '""^ C°'»i« ""« hmld.ngs for wood; they remained but a^e!"^''""' "P "'^ »"" were no more residents on the iind unti t''h""', I^l'"'' *''^" ">ere For some fmc after this, however the 1^, ^f^'l""'' ~"^ •>"». There are some other cellars n» ,v . 7 ^iirom the "rt.house probably belo„«C " ™ '^^ 'f""""' '"'«• »). thaT,;;;;;:;;^ '"""' >■«■- a dlrreren. o^lf,„^b:t "°"f 1' ,"""'• °"'^'- hollow \°' J' from wbleh ,a„a wa. taken , ' ^tZTl^"",:' "" "^'■""'"" "''"^a pit dug by mo„ey-hu„,er, who have ,e i a„ch L "' °"'' ""•":' "^'"^ hofe. Places In thi, region. ""''' "■"«« l" mo„ of the promlnen' Sec. II., 1902. 14. 816 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA main island. In 1847, or thereabouts, Admiral Owen used the island as a station in making his survey of this region for the British Admir- alty, the survey on which our present charts are based. He cut down many of the trees on the island to open lines of sight for his instru- ments, doing much to destroy the fine woods which Mr. Mingo remem- bers to have occupied most of the island in his early boyhood. We come now to a new and important chapter in the history of the island. On June 4, 1856, the heirs of Stephen Brewer of North- ampton, Massachusetts, sold to the United States of America, for the sum of one hundred and thirty-three dollars and thirty-three cents a certain Messuaire Bittiated on Neutral or St. Croix Island, so called. In the St. Croix River opposite the Plaster Mills at Red Beach in Calais Two undivided third parts of the northerly half of the Island aforesaid, beginning: on the westerly shore of said Island at a rock marked with a cross at high water mark, thence running south sixty-three degrees east > across the said island to the eastern shore of the same where the'e is a marked stake at high water mark, thence northerly westerly and southerly by the shore of •aid island to the place of beginning, containing o and a half acres of upland, more or less, with the beadh and flats pertaining to the said northern half, meaning to convey to the said United States two undivided third parts of the above described premises " (WoMkingtoH Countg Deeds. Vol. 86. page 27.) Thus, the larger part of the island passed into the pos- session of the United States, by whom it was bought for the erection of a light station. This station was established the next year (1857). The full records of the station are, of course, preserved in the archives of the Lighthouse Board at Washington, and through the courtesy of the Engineer-Secretary in charge I am enabled to cite the follow- ing facts. The first keeper was Elias Barber (December 15, 1856 — August, 1859). The light was discontinued August 1, 1859,* and * The position of the mark Is not known exactly, nor la the line marked. * The British Chart of 1827. and some other maps, mark a lighthouse on the American shore below Dochet Island, and I supposed the Dochet light was establshed to replace It, but 1 am Informed by the U. B. Lighthouse Board that this wa« not the CAse. I know nothing of the vhore station. Among the papers cited by the Lighthouse Board Is a letter of 1863 from a captain who says "A lighthouse upon this [Big, viz., Dochet] Island Is very necessary as the many vessels wrecked upon tt abundantly prove." I havf no information about these wreck*. * An lnt«rcstlng reference to the Island at this time Is given by Willi" In the New Engl .id Historical and Genealogtcal Register, Vol. XV., 1881, p. 212: " This Island Is now cAlled Neutral Island it has a lighthouse upon It, with n house for the keeper; I* well covered with grass, and has some old fruit treei", apple and cherry, upon tt. 1 tok fram It. In the summer of 1880. some pieces of French bricks, of which there are many fragments remain- WWHET (ST. CBOIX) ISLAND 217 [OAKOMO] thirty «c„„ds is bum u^^X kSr '' "f ' '^'^^ ^^^^^ the sea. Long may it sUne ,o,T T"' ""^ ** ^* '''' »'"'™ Not long ffter'the r«^•on of tL^lT "' «"°^ °"'"°'="' mad. to re-name the isS Th! ^ "^ "" ""^P' "'« known to me ia containrt . f 1' •'^''"°' "' "■« «'™»y Celebration of the SeM^ent „fT " " °'^''^' "Centennial which ..ads aa follow" ' "^ ^«"' ^*''«"' 18^0. Page 20, This has been caJled Neutral Inland . .. ,, »re..,„„a, v<,««r. •■ ,„ .hits CuHer M^ T"""'" '"'^"'^ "■« '■ Con- gentlemen „r ,he M.l„e m.ionTZ^l'^LL^'^' Survey. ,„, .e,,«' »"ea !«.„„... „.„,, ,. .,^ .a.e:r.rcrp™prr.e" """•" in .h™;a^;*(;V/l«) ''"^'" ""^^ ^^ '«™ -"'-"ed earlier left ^^'^.:i:z\t,'^:j^jTi ^-^"^ ^'*'- ^- ^«=« On May 5, IS69, however, ^7" °' ""^ ''^'" <" Stephen Brewer. westerly .Me „, .he l.lafd near hlghwl.e" ^rt tt" '" ' ""■"' «»- ■>» "•• 22 rod. aero., the l.land to a h^rkedr^h T ' ™""'"» »■ "'E al«ut of the l.,.„d, then™ ro,,ow.„T,Se .hore «"th°° ,'''"''"''''*"'■" ■■>■>■•« .round the .outherly part of the I.'and ,o ,h " "*"'""■"' «"" """>•■■■>■ containing three acre. Of uplandVor. or L.T"* '"•''' '■^•■' ■ • ■ not heretof.™ conveyed to the l-Xd stlte. oV "" " ^" '■""" - «=^l« In the possession of these purchasers or nf ti, ■ .. ■ property now stands. It is weU knowTll, v tL^Z T' "■" acquiring the island was to make nf if . "' ''''J='=t in was done toward this end beyond s 000^^,7"' "*°^' *"" °''*''"'« removal of sand. In thisTn'ttTZ .ion'^^J™'' " '^ "■» day, a pasture for the light-keeLr'. cow «,d . """" "* ">" all who «ire to use it. ^ ' "* ' P'"'« p-ound for ln»." I may add that vKltor. .tin (190!) take .w.v 7 — brick •• to .uch an „,ent, aa the ".h kee„r 'nVrm. ' T'"'' "' " '""'"'>■ trick on the laland to repair hi. chimney" ' ""' "* """»' l"«P ei8 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA We have but one more event in the island's history to record In 1885, during the careful survey of this region made by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the island and its surroundings were carefully surveyed, and the resultant map of the island, repro- duced by the kind permission of the Director of the Survey is given Pio. 13.-The United States cojurt and Oeodetlc Survey map of the Wand. 1S85. Prom the original MS. .heet In the Archives of the Survey- original sue. From this the map of Fig. 4 was constructed. herewith (Fig. 13). As earlier explained (page 146), the origin of the name Hunt's Island applied to it is not known, nor has the name persisted. The present condition of the island is represented in large part upon the accompanying map (Fig. U), and more fully bv the accom- panying photographs (Figs. 15-84), all of whirl, were taken by the author m September, 1903, eicept No. 15, which was taken a few years ago. Siirh is tl e history of Dochet Island, and its stale at the present dav. [OANOmi] DOCKET (ST. CEOIX) ISLAND ai9 4- The fuiuhe to be desired ros Docket Islakd. government, Ir^oninu^ to s'lir fTrl.'^ '"^ P^^P^^'^ <" *h« both indi,p;nsabi:rd TJ; i ™,fe^ 'tlTh"""' '^''^^^i' *^ *•- ever, still in private hands th.,; 7' remainder, how- course, from rematint t it! "! " P"''""'' ^'■*"^' "^i-i^ »« tinuelndefinite™ ^f,t it Jilfrt "."J'k""'' ""''" "'"'>°' <=<'°- who will build there a l'um,r^r h 'I \ """" P"^°" "^ ">»■>« open to all as now „d he pThlic wT/ h '".'' ""' "''^'' '» ^ of the historic isUnd o y ToSlyot th^" ' '° ™t ^"'^ ^"' attempt has already been made h,!f .7r ™"'- ^'"^'«'' o" minent former officer of The Un^ s ""7°""'""^' '^ ' P'"" it for such a purpose sJZ,^ fi\ Government to secure of Maine as a paTof a IrT. ' f °°'"' ^° P""*"*^'* "^ ""e State for the free use enlment tnT "J '""""^ '""""^^^ '" P'^^^-" of great historic scenTc or „th ™'™° -"- »' 'he public, all places tainly it would hel^^misfTrtunrif— ^'^i" ''f ^'"^- '"' history so many feel a dp.n i!,/ ? .P^ *'"' "'"""^ '" "hose becomes in a meiu e th- - T'S'"? ^^'^- ^y 'hat very fact, the free aecessTauUt% ^ t^ yf.^'^ ''iff "^ ^'r.-"^"'' a people to take pride in their ZZT aid tl *.' ^°f ""'"« '""■ if they can study it freely u,^„th- ?, ""^' ''» ""= -"O" events, and surrounded bTiheS^arJ^^^Me^ '"™ »' «""' »i.toric which have witnessed hist ric s«™s It woZ',!:"" T P'""' and public-spirited, and as well a Lfi hr ,^ "" '"'^htened Maine to take over and e^e^o thifnf ' *"' '" '"^ ^^^ »' higher life and to the'edrtit of"' thfr llt'T'^r '? ? Union, of America At nn io,„ ■ ""' ^'*''> of the entire island. The Maine H™ sLety wTdT >' "V"? custodian or guardian, and could mLt p operly tftiat th' " " ment. Further than this, there should Ter^fed ''o ' *., ."T" suitable monument stating the chief facts in Tw ^ ^ f""^ » the principal historic spots u^T it tLu ind e/' '^j, "'''^"'"' for the consummation of the laLml.; k\ ,.' "'^ °"* "■'" taken by the Maine and Ve^ BrfnL^ k kit r^s"'!-"" •""''"• And there could be no more appropr^^ th^ for 1 n"'? '"""'>■■ the ter-c»te„ni.l of the discoVoflheTl'nd' Z tt^T S^! sso ROYAL SOCIETY OP CANADA It would be a marked day in the history of Maine and New Brans- •vvx, if, on that three hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the inland, the representatives of the two historical societies and the people of the river could meet upon the island, and, with dignified and appropriate ceremonies, dedicate at one and the same time the island tc the free use of the people forever, and a graceful monu- ment recording the events and commemorating the persons promin- ent m Its history. May the wish prove a prophecy I ffiANONfi] WCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND) [(JANOKGJ "W'lKT (ST. cliOIX) ISLA.N/, 2S3 [OANONO] DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND FiO. n.-Vlcw of the Island from the tio.lh at hli,h .1 ,. .. . eriy ».ope. The I.,^h,..,atlo„ ,., ,„ the e'tre Id T^l"' '" " the right. The settlement of de Mo, t» T >. . fo^hou.e on and the bank i„ the foreground "'"'" '"^ '■'^'"■"at.on F,o. 18.-Vlew of the Island from the sooth, showing the Llght-stitlon ,„ ':M^W-a!^ fOANONG] DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND fi87 [flAHONn] DOCHET ,ST. CROIX) ISLAND S88 ' "■ from the lu the l,lKhl-sii,;ion mi- tovereil the shore. KniHB)- nei.i ]„ ,,„, f, . .rntther,, en„ „r ,h,. ,„:,„„ ,„„^,„, ,^,^^,^ the »ll,. „f the aetlleiiient of d, leBi-uumi. Ueyo e MoiitB. which J I" the Al.ierleaii Fic. -'2.-Vle>v tn>m the Lislit-statlon looking north arros. the ■!.. . .^ .he een.re rt.e, Lel.hto,,,, M.„^,tah, o he W ' ZT ""'^ '" Wa.e*, a„. .„ .he H.h. o, that - McLauch*): ID'Z'""' '"^ [OANOKO] BOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISL.l.VI) 231 »".11M. «lth the Anieii,,,, N-Ubble, ,u„i .,„ ,h.. ,,^.|„ ;, "II Whhh til Jiway. Lflllfte < Pl "' 'iitnss thp sjt.i nf th.. lark the eclge of the hill '■'1 in 1604, no ■ ain 'St entirely w;ished I'UifT-. dlftmnce I'flve Itdjen \if.li)|, ■>^'rvr iiPMiie lit uw liilf ■ .... .u . . ■ > '» ' ^..,.H .V ,„„.; J„ .t.',! ; :" ""■ """">• ' i« th.- A„i,.,l,ai, slu.r... "'''^ """">■ 111 th«