1%. ^>. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 115 XL m m u uo 2.0 L25 III 1.4 m 1.6 i T' Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WHSTRR.N.Y. 145S0 (716) •72-4503 t/j I CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquos Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibiiographically uii (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. L'exempiaire film6 fut reproduit grAce d ia gAnirositA de: BIbliothdque Mu%6n Nationaux du Canada Les Images suivantes ont iitA reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de ia nettet^ de l'exempiaire filmt, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de fiimage. 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The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fiim6s d des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est fllmA A partir de Tangle supArleur gauche, de gauche A d'oite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessalre. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 < D < * Z f I) < i U U • " i '1 u a in u 9 s I- ° UJ 2 re I h (0 o '^ CO ■ o z j • • • IV. A Study of Xorth ARrr.uicA>r GEnANiACEAE. By "William Tkelease. (Read Feb. 16, 1887.) ±X the foUowinj? pngcs, I have brought together descriptions of our species of Gera- niaceae, and a few biological notes on them, together with references on their pollination, disseniitation, etc. No general revision of our species of this order has been undertaken since the publication of the first volume of Torrcy and Gray's Flora of North America, 1838-40. The systematic literature and the synonymy of North American species will be found in Watson's Bibliographical Index to North Amei'ican Botany, I, 149, while the more important papers on the order as a whole and its subdivisions are indicated in Bentham and Hooker's (Jcnera Plantarum, I. A. synopsis of the larger species of Ge- raniiun, by Engehnann, appears in G.'ay's Plant. Fendler., pp. 20-7. I am indebted to Professor Gray and Mr. Watson for the free use of the Gray herba- rium of Harvard University, and for many liel[)ful suggestions; to Dr. Britton for the specimens contained in the Torrcy and other herbaria of ColnmlVia College; to Miss Carter for access to the herbarium of this Society; to Professors Prentiss and Dudley for the specimens in the Horace !^[alul herbarium of Cornell University, as well as for a lai'ge suite of dui)licates of the eastern species; and to Dr. George J. Engehnann for forwarding me the specimens in the Eugelmann herbarium of St. Louis. A number of friends have also favored me with smaller collections, chiefly of eastern species, the most valuable of these being a suite of speeimens of OxaJis 7r(??«'ra, collected about Cincin- nati, by Mr. C. G. Lloyd, aiul a Nuttall specimen of O.valis pmnila from Mr. J. H. liedfield, of Philadelj)hia, a fine suite of O. Stdsdor/n from Mr. L. F. Henderson, of Porf land, Oregon, and flowers from the ty[)e si)ecimeus of O. Dillenii, at Oxford, secured by Professor Gray. GERANIACEAE, Bentham and Hooker, Genera, i, p. 2G9. Annual, biennial, or perennial plants; ours herbaceous or merely suffrutescent. Leaves alternate or occasionally o|)posite or pseudo-verticiilatc, simple, divided, or compound, mostly cut-toothed. Inflorescence sometimes evidently cymosc, or the flowers solitary I (71) wtm 72 WILLIAM TRELEASE ON THE and terminal or apparency racemose or nmbellate. Flowers hermaphrodite, mostly 5- mcrous (3-4-mcivi*^ \)\J^hmnantheae) and symmetrical, neai'ly hypogy nous. Sopal« and petals distinct tir.'iiuacly: Set. '..Stamens mostly twice as many as the petals, distinct or somewhat JDWtnate \\v.(M(rlis nytA. bflpaiimns ; anthers round-oval, more or less versatile, two-^t4Fed, •(lehisicing'lon<>itnmlila'H7.'-Chu-pels as many as the sepals, alternate with them and united abbut,ttn;Aixi)e'*(V)lujniit except in Limnantheae ; ovary deeply lobod, its cells 1-x-ovuled; styles corn'monly nni'ted below, the capitate or lateral stigmas mostly distinct. Glands of the receptacle as many as the sepals and opi)osite them (reduced and opposite the petals in Oxnlis), or wanting when tne flower is spurred. Seeds with little or no albumen excojjt in O.valis; embryo straight or incumbent, the cotyledons somewhat pli- cate and lobed in the genera with dissected leaves. A heterogeneous order of about 750 species, chiefly of subtropical and temperate regicms, related on the one hand to Zy- gophi/lkae, and on the other to liutaceae. The suborders are treated as distinct by many continental writers. GERAXIEAE'. Flowers regular or nearly so, 5-merous, homogone'^; sepals imbricate, persistent, en- larging .somewhat in fruit; petals imbricate, deciduous; anthe'-iferous stamens as many as and opposite the sepals or twice a-^ many, Avith persistent filaments; glands opposite the sepals, conspicuous; carpels alternate with the sepals, 2-ovuled, becoming l-seeded, breaking elastically from a i)ersi.stent fluted beak. — Ga'auiuceae of continental writers; five genera, three of them confined to Asia and Africa, the other two widely distributed. GERANIUM, L. Gen., no. ()73 ; Boiitli. nml Hook., Gen., i, 272. Usually caulescent herbs with 8inii)le radiately-divided petioled and stipulate leaves; peduncles mostly 2-flowered; stamens ten, all antheriferous (except in G. jynsillnm), mo.stly united a little at base; ovary deeply divided; ripened carpels dehiscent on the inner side, the stylar appendage finally arched, glabrate on the inner side; seed round- oblong, smooth, reticulate-ridged, or hexagonal-pitted, with little (»r no ali)umen; embryo incumbent with sinuously iblded cotyledons. — About one hundred species, almost con- fined to temperate regions. Sjtxopsis of North American Species. *Perennial from a stout caudex; flowers large, l.'j-UOmm.; seeds reticulate-ridged. Erect, not cespitose; leaves large, 100-200 mm. Petals glabrous or only pubescent within; plant scarcely glandular except that the ca- lyx hairs are often tipped with small glands. Thu eharactci's given refer only to our represcnta- tiVL-S. ' 'I'lial Is, I'sucnlially alike in a Klv«'n species, so far lis tlie relative leMytli of .stuniens unci pLstlJH is eoneerneil. NORTH AMERICAN GERANIACEAE. 78 c, mostly 5- Sepalii and , distinct or 8S versatile, B with them )od, its cells stly distinct, nd oi)posite little or no mewhat pli- ler of about land to Zy- ict by many I'sistent, en- ns as many ids opposite ig 1 -seeded, ital writers; distributed. ilate leaves; jnisillnvi) , jcnt on the seed round- en; embryo iihnost con- i-ridged. that the ca- iccics, so fur lis 1h t'()in;oriied. East of the Eocky mountains; calyx only moderately villous; pedicels canes- cent G. maculatum. Northwestern ; calyx and usually pedicels very villous. . . G, erianthum. Petals more or less villous within; at least the pedicels conspicuously glandular. Stout; flowers purple; glandular hairs rather short, dirty yellow; tip of beak short and thick. ........... G. inciswn. Slenderer; flowers mostly white; hairs long and white, tipped with purple glands; tip of beak longer and slendei'er G. Hichardsonii. More or less spreading and cespitose; leaves of medium size, 30-75 mm. Upper leaves mostly as broad as Ipng, with equal cuneate lobes. I'edicels, etc., mostly glandular; filaments mostly about equalling the pistil. i . G. Fremontii. Usually retroraely canescent and not glandular; filaments a third longer than the l>istil. . . . . . . . . . . G. caespltosum. Upper leaves longer than broad, the terminal lobe longest, ovate-lanceolate. G. Ilernandezii. * *Annual or biennial; leaves seldom over SOmm.; flowers smaller, 4-15 mm.; seeds smooth, reticulate, or pitted. Carpels not bristle-bearing above; leaves radiatcly lobed or mostly dissected. Peduncles mostly 1-flowered; leaves J3-eleft, with serrate divisions. . G. Sihiricum. Peduncles 2-flowered; leaves several lobed. Peduncles and pedicels long and slender; carpels subglabrous, not wrinkled; seeds deeply pitted G. columhinum. Peduncles and pedicels mostly short; carpels hairy or rugose. Seed reticulate or pitted. Pubescent or short-glandular. Coarse; branches uniformly leafy; lobes of leaves rather broad and short; seed very low-ridged except in the variety. . . G. CaroUnianum. Slenderer; leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, their lobes long and narrow ; seed deeply pitted G. dissectum. Olaudular-villous with purple-tipped white hairs; leaves shallow-lobed ; seed retieulate-ridged G. rotundifolium. Seed neither pitted nor conspicuously reticulate. Carpels finely appressed-pubescent, not wrinkled; flowers pale; stamens five. G. imsillum. Carpels subglabrous, transversely rugose; flowers deep purple; stamens ten. G. molle. Carpels bristle-appendaged at the upper end, strongly wrinkled; leaves 1-2-ternately divided; very graveolent. . . , G. Rdbertianum, 74 WILLIAM TKELEASE ON THE 1.^ G. MACULATUM, L. Spcc, G81 . A foot to a foot and a half high, orect, siibHimplc, not ecspitoso, puhescont or cancscent with H[)i-oa(ling or mostly retrorse hairs, occasion- ally villous; leaves mottled, the radical mostly 2-4, long-i)etioled, suhorhieular, incisely 3- or sometimes 5-parted, the divisions cuneate, the lower 2-elell and all once to thrice J]-lobed at apex with ahrujjtly acute or subaciiminate coarsely acuminate-serrate lobes, basal sinus open, Y-shapcd; cauline leaves mostly two and f)pposite, occasionally alter- nate or sessile, otherwise like the radical; stipules oblonj^-elongatcd-triangular, entire or acutely l-l5-lol)('d near the apex; peduncles l-o, mostly 3, umbellately clustered between the stem-leaves, simple or once or twice uml)ellately branched, the lateral fre- cpienlly bearing single or paired reduced leaves; pedicels mostly paired, at length about an inch long, erect in fruit, retrorse-canescent; bi'acts linear, similar to the stipules; flowers large, rose-purple; sepals ovate-oblong, abrnjitly awned, the outer mostly vil- lous and the inner ciliate; ])etals about 15mm. long, woolly-ciliate at base; filaments somewhat ciliate; beak of fruit ^.l-)}.") mm. long, finely pubescent, abruptly narrowed above; styles free for 2-!} nun.; divisions of ovary sparingly close-pubescent and villous, ii.a-lnnu. long; seed tinely reticulatc-ridgid, as in the rest of this section, 1.5 X 2 nun. — Open groves, Canada and New England to Saskatchewan and Missouri, south to Florida {fule Torrey & Gray, Fl, N. A.) aiul Alabama (Mohr, Prelim. List PI. Ala. ); common in the northern states. I have seen no specimens from farther south than Georgia and Kentuck\ .— PI. 0, iigs. 1-2; 10, iig. 4; 12, lig. o. 2. Cir. EUiANTiiUM, DC. Prodr., I, G41. (l. viactUatKin, -i. Hook. Similar to the last, but more or less leafy-branclied; leaves with more numerous narrower crowded lobes; jiedicelf^ rcely over a half-inch long, erect in fruit, iniequally canescent-pilose; calyx densely viiious with long white hairs, many of them gland-tipped; petals purple, gla- brous Or minutely pubescent on the iniu'r side; fdaments long-pilose; beak .'J()-I}5mm. long, cancscent and somewhat villous, slendt^r-tipped; styles free for 2-.'imm.; seed 1.5 X 3mm. — Alaska and northwest British America; also in northeast Asia. — PI. 9, llg. 3; 10, lig. 8. 3. G. INCISUM, Nutt., Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. A., i, 200. (L alhijloiiim, var. (?) in- cii.— PI. 0, fig. f). 6. O. CAKSiMTosiJM, James, Long's Exped., ir, 3 (?) ; Gray, PI. Fendler., 25 (!). Sim- ilar to the last, but mostly longer stemmed and more decuml)ent and spreading from a shorter or slenderer caudex, eanescent but not glandular, except on some pedicels of a few speciuuMis; leaves less tVe(pu;ntly truncate at base, with a more or less open sinus, their lobes nari'ower; peduncles long; pedicels mostly refracted in fruit; sepals long- pointed; petals smaller, 8-12 mm. long, scarcely emarginate, villous within; filaments bearded, conspicuously longer than the pistil; beak 2.j-3i3 mm. long, gray-pubescent, stout-pointed; styles fice for •l-.'iimm.; division of ovary more or less villous, sometimes with a few >ery short glandular hairs; seed l.oX 2. .")-.'$ mm., reticulate. — Mountains, San liernardino Co., Califoruia(?) (v/or/"),but it is reported from various loc'.ities. Most of what has passed in America for this species is (r. Caroliiiianinii. Small specimens, like those of Hall, have nmeh the habit of (i. ^>».sv7//i'»/, but are distinguished by the seed. — PI. 0, fig. 15. (t. UOTIJNDIKOLIUM, L. Si)ec., -2."> mm. long, with a long slender point, minutely glandidar-puberuient; styles free foral)outl mm.; divisions of ovary L.T X 2f}-',i mm., loosely wrinkled, sparingly pu- bescent, breaking away from tiie style with 2 long white apical I)iistles; seed 1 X 2 nnn., smooth. — Damp ravines, etc.. New liriniswiek and Canada to New York, west to Min- nesota and Missouri {Jhle Tmcifs JJsf); also found in Euroi)e, Western Asia and North Africa.-ri. 0, 1'ig. 19; 10^ fig. 10; 12, figs. 11-12. Our Geraniums are annuals, becoming biennial, with the foi'inalion of a tap-root in some instances, or normally perennial, when they pi'oduee a larger or smaller rootstock which is considerably branched in one or two species. A number are weak-stennned, and when tliese reach any considerable si/e they are decumbent, their eidarged nodes possessing the sensitivi'Uess to gravitation which is characteristic of the swollen nodes of grasses', etc., which causes the stem to form abru[)t geniculate bends at the lower joints. The pubescence consists of simple 1-celled pointed usually somewhat roughened hairs, frcfiuently appressed and, on the Icjwer part of the stem at least, retrorse, in a consideraI)Ie number of species. Besides these there are in many species long, mostly spi'cading, white hairs, consisting of a long basal cell, and a single row of shorter cylin- drical cells above. In Cr.m(tcnlatt(m,i\nd especially (r. t ridnf/iunt, these, which abound on the cal3'x, often rendering it very villous in the latter, ai'c tipped with rather small, purple glands, freipiently rudinientai-y in the former. In (/. rotamltfollnui and (n. liich- urdso)ili, though somewhat shorter and more rigid, they abound on the pedicels, etc., still preserving their white appearance; while in (>'. Frt luoidii, and esj)ecial'y (/. incisnta, they are of a dirty-yellow color. As a rule, hairs of this class appear to bo ])retty con- stant in their occurrence or a])sence in a given species; but some pedicels of G. anspi- iosinn are nearly or quite destitute of glands, while others, even on the same ])lant, are evidi'Utly j-'landular-pubescent, and, judging from other plants, too much reliance should not ])e placed on characters dei-ived from the i)ul)escence. (Note 1.) The iufioresccnce of (rcvaniam is essentially cymose, the stem ending in a 1- or, mostly, 2-flowered peduncle, while lateral peduncles arise from the axils of the cauline leaves in simple plants of the rnacnlabun type, their ultimate branches likewise ending in paired ])edi(els. In (r. nincidafum the lateral peduncles arc sometimes more than 2, and l)ear reduced leaves, wliile in its wcistern represiMitatives they are regularly leafy and elon- gated, but otherwise similar. There is at first sight little to connect the more branched ' On '•'. lluherliumim, scu liiil/.oii; IJol. Ti(l.s>;iiill, \ii; .lust's .Jiilirfsbi..':lit, i.\, 420. i NOinir AMKUICAN CKUAMACKAi:. 79 r. 5; 12, figs. »ot ami a half lions, purplc- iltimato lobes lit" an Inch or d, connivent; nt8glal)rouH; •nient; styles ■(l)arlngly |)U- vd 1 X 2 nun., west to yUn- ii'ii Asia and a tap-root In ilk-r rootstook t'uk-stonnned, iliirged nodes swollen nodes at the lower lat roughened ri'trorse, in a ■? long, mostly shorter cylin- which abound I rather small, and (f. liit'h- pedicels, etc., ly G. inclaitiu. bo pretty con- i of G. vaespi- inie ])lant, are eliance should xl- or, mostly, ulino leaves in ding in paired an 2, and bear L^afy and clon- niorc branched decumbent forms with (his simple type, for lli(;ii- leaves are scattered and, in C pn.tifhim, etc.. the 2-llo\vered pcduiieli's iire frcMpK'nlly opposite the leaves. Hut in (f. Sifiiricimi, which is more oi- le^^s regidarly diciiolomous, the forks are occupied by mostly 1-llowcred peduncles, clearly the tei-minal shoots, and in the sleiulcr-stemmcd species with the pe- dinu'les o|»p(tsite the leaves the former are as certainly tci-minal, the leafy prolongation of (lie stem being in reality an axillary branch. (Note 2.) 'fhe most iutei'estiii«jf par( ol' a biolctgical study of (uvunlnm is thiU relating to its ixilliuation, fnid in this i('s|)eet it bus a historicul interest, for it vvas the detection of tufts of liiiirs friu;>iug the bases of (he petals in (i. si/h'iifi,cn.iit, whi(rh led Sprengel just a centiu'y ago to exiuninc the (lowers (tlosely in an elfort, if possible, to determine their use, for he was utilitarian enough t(» l)elievi' (ha( not even a hair grew without purpose. Jlis study, cari-yiug him laitlier than lie had at lii'st anticipated, led to the publication, in 17S):i, of a work whieh he (luaiutly styles the "nisclused ScK-ret of Nature," which not only contains unieli of scientilie value, but is one of the most intercHting biological treatises ever wi-ittt ii, auti, guiding the researches of Darwin, Miiller, Delpino, and many other observers, has cuutribiileil not a little to the foundation or. which the theory of evolution l)y natui'al seU'ction rests. No great attention has been given to the pollination of our American species; but, so far as they have been oliserved, the liiets agree closely with those brought out by >[uller's Study of the same or I'elated species in (iei-many, so I cannot do bi'tlcr than refer to his admirable aceount <»f the latter.' I may add that (he lai'ger-llowei'ed species are conspic- uously protandrous. their two sets of stamens bi'coming ei'cct, ami dehiscing successively at the centre of tin- (lower, which, a(U r their anthei-s have fallen, is occupied by the now expanded s(igmas; while in the species with smallci', less cons|)icuous (lowers, the dura- tion of the staminate stage is much shortened, or, in (>. piisi'/hnn, where the lunnber of stamens with anthers is reduced one-half, (he (lowers are synacmic or slightly [u-oto- gynous and certain of self-poHiiia(ion if crossing is not sccmx'd. The largc-dnwcred species are, in (he main, incapable of self-pollination, and depend exclusively (except in occasional synacmic (lowers) upon (lu' good odices of insects, chiedy bees of ditlerent kinds, \vhih in L. imslllum the carpels do not bend abruptly above the ovary) with the exception of (i. Hohrrtiaimm (PI. 10, tig. 10) and some of the i.a]l-llowered species, where the ripened segments of the ovary, though nominally dehiscent, remain closed about the seeds, imprisoning them. To compensate for this, these si'guients nearly separate from the stylar appendages, with which, in (t. Jioh'tiidiiinti, they are linally connected only by a ]niir of slender silk-like bundles of fi'!)res. When the style at length bn'aks away and suddenly becomes arched, these fi'oi'cs give way and the ovarian segment with its enclosed seed is thrown olf with much foi'ce, often to .i distance (>f many feet. (Note i.) KUODIUNt, L'llor., Ceraii. PI. 1-(1; IVntli. nnd Hook. (Ion., i, 272. At length mostly caulescent, with often pinnatisect leaves; i)eduncles mostly umbel- l.itely sivcial-llowered; tlowei's nearly I'cgnlar, the upper ])etals a trille smallest ; stamens with aiilliers '), opposite the sepals, iilteri\atiiig with as many sterile lilaments; carpels very sharp-|)oiuted l)elow. coveri'd with obli(|uely ascending appressed hairs, at most tar- dily dehiscent; stylos spirally twisted lu'low wlu'U ripe, bearded on the inner side; seed obconieal or oblong, not sculptured; otherwisi' as in (irraniinii. — About fifty sj)ecies, mostly natives of the n(»rth f'.'m[)ei'ate portion of the ()\d World, some of them widely distributed as wei'(ls. Svvopsis «»i' Noirni Ameiucax Si'KcrKS. *Le;!ves round-ovate, with approximated lobes, oi- Udt lobed; seed large, -I-;' nun. long. Pedicels glandular, seeds stout. ...... A'. marroji/ii/Uion. Not at all glandular, seeds slender. ...... ^. Tfxanutii. * * Leaves o\ate-ol)loug, with approximate lobes; seed smaller, nut over W nun. long. Fruit very small, beak 2.") mm. l(»ng. . . . . . E. vialac/ioides. Fruit n>ueli lai-ger, beak 70-120 nun. long. Leaves pinnatifid with ii-regi'Iariy toothed segments. . . . E. liofri/s. ("auline li'aves bipiunatisect with linear-oblong segments; si-pals and fruit very large. ........... E. (Jiconhnn. * * * Leavi's obldug, with remote segnients; seed as in the last. Jieaves [tinuatilid, or bi]»inuatilid, with ii'regularly sei-rate segments; stipides obtuse. E. iiioschalmn, J^eavis bipiunatisect, with narrow sharp-toot lu'd segments; sti[)ides acute. E. cicutavium. nun. Mexie iutrod and 1)1 ])r(iacl NORTH AMERICAN GKR vNIACKAE. 81 <; already bent to throw the ivo examined sted, onr spe- ll do not bend 10) and some n'ary, though '() compensate whieh, in <>. ve bundles of arehed, tliese olV with mneh mostly nml)el- llc'st ; stanu'iis lents; earpi'ls s, at most tar- iier si(K'; st'<.'(l t lilty species, I" tliem wi(U'lv -I-.' nnn. long. nnvrophyllum, E. Ti'xanum. IT 3 mm. long. '. malacholdes. . E. liotrijs. and fVuit very I'L Ciconiinn. tipules obtuse. E. niosc/iatum. icnle. h\ cicntarinm. 1. E. MAcnoiMiYLLUM, Ilook. and Ai-n., Bot. IJeecliey, ;J27. Aspan to a foot or more high, l)i-anched when hirge, canescent-liispid and Avith eo|)ious interspersed ghmdular hairs, at least on tlie [ledieels; radical leaves rcniform, triangular-ovate, with a broad sinus, obtuse, doubly crcnate or with about r> round lobes; cauline leavi's subdeltoid, ineisely i")-lobi'(l, willi coarse round-acuminate teeth; lower petioles longer than the blades; stip- ules heriiaceous, ovate, acuminate; j)eduncles mostly exceeding the leaves, 2-7-Howered, tile pedicels somewhat refracted; bracts lanceolate; sepals ovate, with spreading acute oi- acuminate-pointeii)i:s, Willd., Spec, in, O))!*, a somewhat glandular, small-llowered plant, if Avith ovati' somew bat ineisely 5 -!)-loi)ed ii-rcgularly toothed leaves, short-pointed sepals fabout 5 mm. long, and veiy small fruit, the l)eak 25 nun. long, divisions of ovary 1x4 nun., t>bli<|uely truncate, sei-d .8 X 2.5 nnn., has been collected on ballast at Xew York Citv {liroii')!).- — From the Mediterranean icglon. — I'l. 10, lig. 11. 11. lio'ruvs, lii'i'toloni, Amoeu. Ital., o5, witli loosely white-villous stems and ])etioles, . jiiiei'^ely 5-0-parled ovati'-oblong leavi's, the cauline with I'atlur narrow acute divisions, :i*thin ciliate stipuhs, |»ointless sepals 8-ihnm. long, and large li-uit, the beak 70-120 nnn., and st-arccly truncate divisions of ovary 1.5 X Tl nnn., has been collected in the Sacra- mento ValU'y, California {(I'muc) and on a rcfusi'-hcap in IJoston (Murraij). — From V South Hurope.— I'l. 10, lig. 10. m V- CicoNUM, AVilltl., spec, ill, (»2',>, with glandular somewhat eanesceiit stems, ovate § leaves, the cauline bipinnatisect. abruptly awn-pointed sepals at length 8-10 nnn. long, 5 and huge fruit, the beak ovi'r 70 nun., divisions of ovary 2 X !)mm., has been collected § on ballast at I'biladelpbia {MdrfiiKhde). — Also from the Mediterranean region. — PI. 1 10 lig. 15. I :{. V]. MoscHATUM, AN illd., Spec, nr, 0;M. \'illous with coarse thin-walled spread- :^ing hairs; lea\es oi)long, pimiately dividt'd, tli\isi()ns 9-i;>, the lower remote, ovate, in- ■^ eisely lobed or iricgidarly biserrate; stipules ovate-deltoiil, thin and scai-ious, olituse; Sse|)als abruptly nuicron;'t(', 8-10 nun. long; pi'tals rose-colored, .'{-5 mm. long; beak 40-45 2 nun.; divisions of capsule 1 X 4 nnn.. obli(pu'ly ti'uncatc; seed 1 X 2.5 mm. — California to M INIexico, becoming a conunon r<»adside wt'cd. A native of llu' Alediten-anean region, also E introduced into South America and Australia. Said to give an unpleasant taste to milk ■ and butter when eaten by cattle. The form with rather dei'i)ly cut leaf segments ap- 5 proaches var. pi tiiplndlaefoUant, of the next. — IM. 10, fig. 17. *«9w**«» 82 WILI.IAM TUKLKASK ON TIIK 4. K. CK "UTAKiUM, L'Hi'r., Ait. Iloit., K.w, ii, 414; Hivwer and Watson, liot. Calif. I, 04; Yascv, lii'j). Depart. Agric, I.S.S1-L>, L'.*);}, IM. L'2. Loosely wiiitc-villous; leaves oblong, piniiately U-ll-(li\i«le(l; divisions remote, ovate, [)iniiatiseet with ol)lon<>;' or linear sharply serrate si'giuents ; stipnles searions, laiieeolate, acute ; peduncles about 0-tlowered ; sepals about 8 nun. long, mostly abruptly i)oiute(l, the awn tipped with 1-2 loug white hairs; petals i-osc-jjurple, about ilnuu. long; beak .'iO-40nun.; division.'', of ca])sule 1 X o mm., oI)li(iuely truucate; seed .8 X 2..')-l} nun. — Oivgou to Nevada and Texas; also met with occasionally as a weed or ballast-plaut elsewhere (A[ich., Tuthill, Bailey; Mass., Mnrraii, Lowell, Oalr-fi; Maine, Farlow ; New XovV, Knleskern, Ilolton; Pennsylvania, Rtdjiihl : New fJersey, Z'r/?7.7/'," New Brunswick. Ilaij). rntroduced from south l']urope. Flowering in dry places wlicu li'ss than an inch high. Kelished by cattle, and said (o impart a ])ka>ant taste to iheir milk. — 1*1. 10, lig. 18. So far as their vegetation i,> concerned, the species iA' Eroiliinii agree in the main with (l(n-a)iium. As a rule llu,' are less b.anchcd. (Note;!.) 4Mie inlloresccnce dilU-rs chictly in that the umbels aiv mort' t'lau 2-IIowere(l, and the pi'dicels ai'c always more or less rclk'xcd dmiiig the maturation of the fruit, to bi-come t rect, ultimately. The llowci'.- arc ii>UMlly tiu'ucd more to one side when open, than in (reraniinn, and this change in tlu'ir position is accompanied by a slight (U-grei- of irri'gularity, the two or three ])t'tals on the lower side being lai'gi'r, by which they are fitted to sei'vc as an alighting place for iust-ct visitors — chielly bees. The llowi-rs are usually distinctly pi'o- taudrous, and si'crete vn abundaiu-e of nectju. In the main they dilfer very little from those ol' (fiidiiium in tln' way in which they are ])ollinated. A'. cicKlariitm has been shown by Ludwig to l)e gyno-diot'cions. (Note <).) The contrivances for dissemination are even more iriteresting in this genus than in the last. The I'ruit is essentially the same iu both, the segmenis of the ovary being pi'o- longed in Hat bands tliat extend along an axile beak and form the styh's above. TheHe appendages oi- awns consist in both gemra almost exclusively of mechanical (bast) li- bi'cs. In (tidermis of the ovary. The awn is simih'r to that of the last goinis, but while its outer fibres merely shoiten in di-ying, the inner ones, for the lower half, contract spirally, so that the lipi'ued car[)el is not only thrown elasti- cally from the ])lant, but the awri ultimately becomes cc^iled below into a dose helix, from the to[t nf whic'- liie up[)ei' half bends away in a gradmil curve. Tim awn is also beardi'd below, on the inner side, and when it at length becomes twisted, the long loose hairs point outwaidly in such a mannc as to act iu some measure as a parachute, favor- ing the further removal of tin,' fruit by the wind. When moistened, the ri,wns become straight, resuming their coiled form again when allowed to dry, and repeating these changes with every alternation of moisture and dry- NORTH AMKUICAN GERANIACEAE. on, Bot. Calif, villous; li'iives )l()njif or liiit'ur )ut9-rt<)wcrt'(l; -2 long white ' cajjisule 1 X ;■> L'xas ; also mot Bailey; Mass., IVnnsylvania, south I']uro|K'. le, and said to 1 the main with I'sccncc dilU-rs ■e always more atcly. icranlnm^ and lity, the two or to serve as an distinetly pro- vei-y little from rimn has been ims than in the ary beings pro- above. These mieal (bast) li- w extent than the awn curves carpels remain ually enlarginj:; u|)porti'(l at tiie is siinili'r to that ' inner ones, lor ' thrown elasti- loso helix, from 'he awn is also , the l()n<^- loose iracliute, favor- )rni aj^^ain when )isture and di-y- noss. Supposing the basal point of the carpel to be slightly caught in the soil, which readily happens either as the fruit falls or when its movements begin, its withdrawal is rendered ditticult by the stilf ascending hairs with which the ovary is clothed; so that while the crowding of ihe awn against bits of stubble, pebbles, or whatever small o'»- jects it may chance to have lidlen among, tends to press the fruit farther into the earth with every movement, whether the result of moistening or drying of the awn, the jn'oba- bility of its witlulrawal, when once caught, is small. In some experiments performed in my laboratory several years since, by Mr. !<]. II. Parker, it was observed that after the fruit iiad l)een buried in damp soil for a few days, the awn softened at its base, so that a pull, which otheiwise might have withdraAvn the fruit, merely broke away the awn, / i'riill 111' Eri)diuiii glancophylUnn, X 2. ,^hus removing the only source of danger to the self-jjlantcd seed, a provision which was inlso noticed in StijHt, arid has been recorded for these genera by Koux and Darwin esj)ectively. The contrivances in the fruit, therefore, ai'c of a double nature, referring not only to its removal from the parent ))Iant, but to its insertion in the soil when a suitable point has !)een reached. It is interesting to note that similar provisions are met with in widely Be])arated genera (Anemone § I'ulsatilla, and species of Stipa and Aridkki), not at all related to Emdiam; as well as in J*dar(/oniu)n, a genus which stands very near the lat- tci-, the fruit of wiiich is less elastic, and consequently more dependent upon the wind for dissemination, although it is ultimately planted in the same manner. II W>M W W I 'W ii J. wat9K«iaF!»;ta 8-A WILLIAM TUKLEASE OK THE Our species of TJrod'n(m, ineluding' those which have become imtiiralized or are merely occasional halhist-ijhuits, bcloiijj; to the section with the arciied upper half of the awn naked or at most short-pubescent; but in another section, represented hy J^. glancojt/ii/l- Itiin and several other species, this appenda<;e is much elon<>nted, and plumose with m double series of long silken bail's. There can be little doubt that the carpels of species of this section are carried about freely by the wind, while they may at length be planted bv the coiling and uncoiling of the lower part of the awn, as in the species already de- scribed. This may also be expedited by the action of the wind upon the plumed awn, after the fruit has once caught in the soil, as T have convinced myself by grasping tin ovarv between niy thumb and linger, and blowing irregularly upon the plume; the re- sult in every iuhtanci' ])eing to crowd the ovary down several millimeters in a sboit time. (Note 7.) Ilei-e again it is interesting to observe an identical contrivance \\\ Stipa jicnnata and related species, which dilfer from others of the genus in possessing a long-plumed awn.' Moiifioiiin, a clo.se relative of J'Jrodium, likewise includes species with plumed and plumeless fruit. half irugcj fthe sepj ] 2. L. LIMNAXTIll^AIl Flowers regular, very slightly pcrigynous. )5-,">-merous, hoinogone; sepals valvate, pi'rsistent and somewhat enlarged in fruit; |)etals convolute or o|)en, withei'ing-pei'sist- ent; stamens twice as many as tlu- si'|)als, all with antlu'rs; glands opposite the sepals, evident; carpels opposite the st'pals, tlu-ir 1-ovuled ovaries distinct, the style I'ising from the centre; fruit a series of semi-drupaceous i'ugose-tul)erculate nutlets. — Limnantlia- rcdc of continental writei's; two gt'iiera, exclusively Noi'th American. LIMXANTIIKS, R. V,i\, LoiuLm aixl K(liiil>. I'liilos. Mag., ii. TOJU'iitii. siiid Hook., Cumi., i, 271. leather sui-culent annual herbs with altei-nate once to thrice pinnately dissected peti- oleil mostly (Stipulate U-aves; llowi'i's solitary at the ends of bractless axillai'y peduncles, 1- (»r mostly .'j-niiMoiis; petals <(bo\ ate-cnneate, mostly emai'ginate, convolule; lilaments distinct, somewhat dilated at base, their tips at first recurved outwards; antiiers at length inti'orse; style about iMiualling the stamens; seed exalbuminous, closely invested by the |)eriearp; I'uibryo straight, with plane cotyU'dons. FUKikut, IJaillon, Adansonia, x, ;J()2; Hist. (U's PI., v, 20, in part. — Foui- speeii's, confined to the Pacific slope. 1. L. At, HA, Hartweg, IJenth., 1*1. Ilaitw., 'M)\. \ span or two high; young leaves and llowi r-buds very white-lanose; h-aves remotely .VO-dividi'd, the divisions linear-oval, mostly lO-l.") nun. long, entire, IJ-htbi-d or trilid; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuti' oi* acumi- Jiale; petals ])ale yellow or white, I'Uiarginati' or truncate, 10 12mm. long; stamens about ' 'I'lic cxpci'liiKMits of Ml'. I'ai'kcr with tills f;rass (wliicli coiisistcd ill biirt'ly .sliirtiiif; the point i)f tiic fruit, in Uiosu ciiflli, ami pliiclii); It wluTf the iilr fioin a silylilly opciiud wiinlow blew upon it iutt'rmllti'utly) ilfiiioiistrateii tliat this I'lirt'c aionc is snillcii'iit to bury liio }{i"i'lu coinplctclv in siuiiiy soil wliiii:' twuiity-Cour lioui'H, wlille Ihu liy(j;i'"- scoplc action of tin: lowci' |)art of tiie nwn Is iii.so ('lllcieiit. See, fuitlicr, Lubbock, Kept. Urit. Assoc. 18S1, 008. petals, a -~Vanc(i FLOHIJK jPlowe othei'wi.- too close J. F. rdiglnos( brous, wi late or sepals (> e^ialliii' 3*4 nun. nia; soim rp, le I Hounced 31've as 1 NORTH AMERICAN GERANIACEAE. 85 !tl or arc merely lalf of the awn jfe/'. glaucof»/ii/l- |)lumose with a •pels of speeiis iji^th be phinted •ies ah'eaily de- le phimed awn. )y g-raspinn..i,27t. f dissected pcti- llai-y pcilnncles, oliitc; filaments ntiicrs at lenj^th invested by the lansonia, x, 302; ounj4" leaves and ions linear-oval, acute or ai-umi- j; stamens about / tliu fjnilu coinplcit Iv Diirs, wliili! liie liyKi"- IL' iwvii Is also elllclfiil. Assoc. 1881, 0C8. half as hmg' as the petals, anthers 2 mm. hmg; frnit obovoid-jiyriform, ])romineiitly Jrngosc-tubcrculate, 2.5 X 4 mm. — f'alifornia. A low plant, with [)etals no longer than the sepals, is found near Yreka by Greene. — PI. 12, lig. 10. i 2. Ji. Dorca.vsir, R. lir., ^. 0. hlotrVen Doiu/hisil, Bi\\]\on, I. c. Glabrous; sepals S]iar;()wer; petals deep yellow, [)ale-margine(l, occasionally rosy tipped, conspicuously feveined, spatulate-cuneate and emai-ginate, to obcordate-cuneate; fruit varying from nearly ^'pniooth to strongly tnbercidate; otherwise like the last. — California to Oregon. — PI. 12, ■4igs. H)-17. :{. L. KOSKA, Hartweg, Benth., PI. ITai'tw. :U)1 ; Brewer and Watson, IJot. Calif. II, V-)S. Veiy similai' to Z/. Doiuihift'il ; leaf-lobi's usually narrower and linear; petals mostly broader and, like the stamens, marked by numerous very delicate interrupted fengitudinal rosi'-purph- lines; fruit vi'i'y rough. — California. Pi'iliaps no more than a "^riety of the last. Flowers heliotrope-scented. 4; 4. \j. Macouxu, n. sp. Floerhn pro.serpiiincoides, ^liU-(n\n,llv\A. Geol. Surv. Can- i^a, IHT.Ti-O, 192; Cat. Can. PI. i, !>1, in part. LlnitKinf hcs I)on(/Jasii,^hwouu, ., Berlin, ui, 448; Boiitli. niul Hook. Gen., I, 27.5. Flowers r{-mer with their own poUen. Floerlra and, api)arently, Liwnanthrs Maroutrii, with smaller, inconspicuous flowei's, are apparently adapted to pollination by small bees and are likely to be Couud ("idly seH-fcrtile, but no observalions iiave bei'U made on them. The seeds ol' both j^enera are enclosed in inte^unu'uts consistinj^ of brown, rather thin-walled cells, the outer and iinu'r layers of which are collapsed cul closely surrounded by the indehiscent, rnjjfosi'-tubei'cniate ])ericarp, which is soft, and consists externally of thick- walled, rather |)ale cells, some of which, on the outsicK-, develop into thick-walled, ver- rucose, rounded papillae. \ am iniable to oll'er any suj^^ticstion eonci'rniiif^ their dissem- ination, or the use of the peculiar roughenin*'- ol' the i)eiicarp. (Note S.) OXALIDE.AK. Flowers rep^nlai', .'-merous, liomo,i>'one or hetei"of»'(ine ; sepals ind)ricate, persistent; ])etals convolute, distinct or somewhat united near thi' base, dccidnons; stamens twice as many as the sepals, sometimes with an additional si-t of auricles or stei'ile scales; }>lands greatly reduced or wanting, alternate with the sipals wlu-n present; carpels alternate with the sc[)als. 0.iv///Wr(^/r of continental writers. — Fivegenei-a, thive of them contlned to tropical Asia, one South American, the otiu'r widely distributed. OXALIS, L. Gon. n., 382; Bentli. ami Hook, den., i, 27(5. Annual or perennial often bnlbifi-rous herbs, sometinu's sullruticose (»i- frutescent, with compound petiolate mostly estipulate leaves; stamens ten, monadelphous below, in two sets of ditferent length, all antheriferous; ovary somewhat lobed, forming i\ loculicidal capsule tipped by the ])ersistent distinct styles; seed with a longitudinally- dehiscent arilloid outer coat, the firm more or less viscid inni'r integument nsualls sculptured; emliryo straight, with jjlane cotyledons, in altundant albuintMi. O.ri/s ol older writers. — .\.i)out 220 specie's, mainly in South America and Africa. Synopsis of Xohth Amkiucan Speciks. *Caidescent; flowers yellow, sometimes, like the rest of the plant, tinged with red-pur- Leaves nnifoliolate with free setaceous stipules . . . O. dIchmdraefolUi- Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, estipulate (J. livrhuidicri. Leaves i)ahnately trifoliolate, estipulate or with short adnate stipules; leaflets subses- sile, more or less ol)l;(picly obeordale-cum'ate. Leafy branches from a stout woody caudex O. Wrif/htii. 'Cross aiul Soll'-furUliziiUoii, Itiik'x. NORTH AMKRICAN GKUANIACEAK. m tvors aro frrtilc t, with smaller, * and arc likely in. The seeds er thiji-Avalled •onnded by the ■nally of thiek- [•k-walled, ver- <^ their disseni- ) ite, pei'sistent; slaniens twiee 1" Hterile scales; resent ; carpels a, three of them l.'d. Stems not from a caiulox, but mostly pt^'cnnial from slender rootstocks. Flowers usually small, homo[iddle States). O. recun^a. * * Acauleseent ; U'aves and scapes IVoin the end of a siendei' pei'ennial scaly rootstock; flowers white or j)inkisli, somewhat yellow at base and mostly red-veined, homogone; Reaves palmately trifbliolate. Scapes l-llowered: capsule round-ovoid O. acelosella. Scapes nml)ellately several-llowei'ed; capsules linear . . . O. trUlilfolla. * * * Acauleseent; leaves and scapes from a scaly bull); llowers heterogone, rose-violet; leaves palmately l5-l()-folioIate; sepals (and usually leallets) tipped with orange callos- ities. Leaflets constantly 3. Obcoi'date or transv(M'sely Imrile-oblong; ca[)sule round-ovoid . O. vlolacea. Ohcordate-deltoid; capsule lineai'-oblong ..... 0.lat!folia. V^-shaped; capsule ovoid-oblong O. vei^pertUionis. TA'aflets IJ-i") (mostly 4), deeply obcordate O. diarr/ens. Leallets o -10, narrow, deeply notched, bilobed, or V-shaped . O. decaphijlla. ' or frutescent. lelphoiis below. )bed, forming a longitudinally- gument usuallv linen. O.cys ol ed with red-pui- dlchmdraefoUo. (J. IhrlamUerl. ; leallets subses- O. Wn'ghtU. - 1. O. i)i('noNDi?AEVOi,r.\, Gray, PI. Wright., i, 2''. Caulescent, a si)an to a foot high, t)erennial, appressed-i)ubescent; bi-anches spreading or procumbent, woody and rough- jbarkedatbase; leaves unifolioli.-x', leaflet round-ovate, wavy- Margined, cordate, abruptly Repressed and mueronate at apex, 12-30 mm. long; ])etiole as long, or somewhat exceed- ing it; stipules setaceous, free from tlu' ])etiole, often 10mm. long; flowers homogone s( V), 12 mm. long, solitary on axillary peduncles ecpial to or surpassing the leaves, and with fi|;wo setaceous bracts near the summit; sepals triangular-lanceolate, acute, dilated at base; petals spatulate, entire, submucronate and slightly ciliate above, half as long again as the Ipalyx; capsule round-ovoid, 10 mm. long, i)ui)esecnt; seeds about three in each cell, with jprominent tubci-oles arranged in transverse, more or less oblique rows, l.t x 2.2 mm. — ^ew Mexico ( \Viierennial " from a slender subterranean rhizoma," somewhat woody below and much ^©ranched, gray- or rusty-pubescent ; leaves piniiately trif()liolate, estipulate, on jietioles Hbout l.")mm. long; terminal leaflet obovate-oblong, lO-l.limm. long, on a stalk half as Jong, lateral ones smallei-, opposite, oblong, very short-stalked, all obliquely emarginate At apex nearly glabrous above; flowers heterogone (V), about 12 mm. long, umbellate at llpie ends of axillary peduncles about equalling the leaves; umbels mostly 3-flowered ; Ipedicels usually shorter than the flowers; se[)als lanceolate, acute; petals obovate, subcn- gJliKMoMiR iiosroN SIX', v.vr. iiisr., v(p|,. iv. 88 WILLIAM TRKLKASE ON TIIK tiro, tlirlce ns loiij:? ms tlio calyx; ciipsule ov«)i(l, about 't mm. loiij?, pubcsci'iit ; seeds 1-I{ ill oaeli cell, I'lisilbi'm, somi'wiiat llalteiu'd, witii S proiniiicnt loiij^ididinal xh^'/AXg vvin}j:s or rows ()(■ It'i'tli, .S x l.<)mm. — Texas {lierhnulltr, lOlM 'irt'lA, Jif Commission. >!r/ioff, 110); not eollected recently.— PI. II, (!<,'. 2. .'{. (). WuKiiiTir, (Jray, Pi. Wiij^iit., i, 27. Caulesct'iit, perennial Croni a wtout, conical, subterranean caudcx, at llie apex of wbieb the decunibeni lealy branches ai-e clustered, otherwise very similar to the next. — .Arizona and Indian TcrritiMT to 'i\'xas, fxtendini;- into hnver Caliloruia and Mexico. An Ari/(Mia specimen ( IT. /''. Parish, '.VI) is densely <;ray-tomeutose below. — IM. 11, li. (). piisi/l((, Salisb. ('auleseeiit, an inch to a span or more hi^ih, ainuial or pereimial, sicuder-stemnu'd, crrct or procumbent, in .some forms rootin-2(> mm. lonj;, slri^iose; si-i'ds about ten in each cell, but vary in^jf {.greatly in uumlx'i', ovate, acute above, nuu'h tiattened, with ]-'.i deep mar;::inal ;:^rooves and lunn- erous transvei'se ridji;es somewhat intei'iMipted by two low lon<;°itudiuaI elevations on each side, .8-.i> X I-l..") mm., mostly dark brown when ripe. — Over the entire country; il<»wi'rin. Some plants are very similar to specimens from .\ustralia refei-red to O. microplnjlhi (u»»w regarded as a variety of <'onilriilat. pifosu, Nutt., of which I have seen only a frafj^nu'iitary fruitiujj^ specimen, and is apparently O. piimih/, Nutt., which I havi' set'U Irom the Tor- rey herbarium and that of tlu' Philadelpliia Academy, tlu-ouj^li the coui'tesy of Doctor lirittou and ^Iv. Hedtii'ld, so that if it is ever raised to .specilic I'auk it will have to bear the latter name. Var. STurcTA, Sav., Lam. Diet., iv, t)S.'{. (). s/ric/tt, L. and most authors, f). Dilhnii, Jacq. O.^fiorida, Salisb. O. Ijijoh', Pursh. (>. t'lirai/a, lOlliott. Annual, or olten per- ennial ])y runninj^ rhi/omes, erect, a spiin to a foot high, the stem subglabrous to very villous, but usually only slightly strigose; leaves without sti])uleH; inlloi-escence in lux- uriant specimens a dich(ttomou8 cyme, in others umbellate; flowers about 8 nun. hmg; petals subentire; otherwise similar to the type aiul of like distribution, but beginning to tl*. wer later. According to Eichler the lirst flower is frecpu'iitly <)-mei'ous. Ipnius',- Otigina io haM |entinointed rough hairs ai-c ahinidant On the leaflets, pedicels, etc.. hut they are cominuidy le>is uiMUiMMtus ou the lower part of tlu' stem and |»etioles. Where tlieseai'i^ htiir-y (and lliey are extremely vill«»us in some plants growing in shaded places), the pid)esceuce often consists almost exclusively of the tliiu-walled hairs, which are often of unusual h glli, and easily show their septate ehar- teler under a haiid-leus; the same is somi'linu's trui- of the capsules. i">. (). SiKSDoiti'ii, n. sp. (}.<()r)iirii/(if nun. wide; Mowers mostly paired on long Axillary peduncles, helerogone-trimnrphic, bright yellow; bracts subulate; sepals obtuse, downy; petals thrice as long as the calyx, lomui. long, wavy-margined, not einargi- nnte. Fruit not seen, but presmnal)ly as in (). roriiiciihifn. — In wooils; Oregon (\ut~ tail, I [(ill, //ruilrrsDH, Si(/iS(/orJ') ; collected in diuu- l»y Mr. Suksdorf. (). O. i{KOiiK\ A, l']Hiott. Hot. S.( ar. and (Jeorgia, i, il^*). Annual (?) or i)ereuuial from S slender rootstock, erect, simple, 1 -"J ft. high, glabrate or somi'what soll-villous; leaves long-petioled, estipulale; leaflets large, as much as ()(>m!n. wide, bi'oadly obcordate with H shallow sinus, somewhat pubesceut and ciliate, narrowly mai'gincd with brown-purple; |p)wers umlu'llalc or sid)cymose, \2-\'f nun. long, _\ellow, brown-striate at base, hetero- gone-trimorphie; otherwise similai- to O. coniinilata, var. strivta. — Open woods, etc. Garoliua {fi. •Trans, l.liiii. Soc., ll, l'l. -';!, tig. 5. •Eugllsb Bot , ri. 172(1; Third fd., PI. 821. !»() Wll, 1,1AM 'Mill KASK ( N 'I UK 7. ( ). ACKTosKFj-A, L. S|it('.. \'S.\. (K Atiii ilniiKi , I{iv a sU-ihUt siiii|»li' or s|)iii'iii;;:l_v Itrimrlicd root- stock, inofc or less rust v-|miI)(scciiI ; leaves few ( iisiiiillv 'Ait) a span or less \\\<^\\; pet- ioles slenili'r. artieiilaled willitlieir dilated hases, that persist on the rootstoek cliisli-ri'tl at the end of i-aeli year's ;ir(»\vth; Kallets ;{, l)roa(llv oheordate, with a minute appeiid- a<''e in the narrowed hase of the sinus; scapes solitary or few, sli;;htlv exeeedinjj;' the leaves. l-llii\vered, L'-ltracled al)oul an inch helow the Mower; hracts hroad and I'athei olttuse; (lowers open cup-shaped, lO-i.') nun. lonj;", honio;;one (hut usually app uij;' a- il" the ioiiii'-st vied I'orni of a triniorphic species); sepals ovate-oi)lonj4\ rati- ttiise; petals ;5-l tinier a^ loni;' as the calyx, euiai'^iuati-; capsule sidi;;loI»ose, '2-'.\ nui. .ui;;, it> cells l-'J-secded, ylahrous; seeds ovoid, acute ahove, with ahout ."» shallow lonj;it iidinal <'ido\i>< on each side, and ohseui'clv pitted. — Damp woods Croin the nioiintains iil" Noi-th ('.•udlina far northward, where it rauji'es Ironi the Atlantic to the Saskatchewan. Also I'onud in lluropc. Asia jind North Alriea. Ui-curvcd scapes hear cleistojicnc llowers. mostly concealed amou<;- the moss. etc.. at the liase of tin- jilant. — I'l. II, W'^. 7. A form with dccpci-eoloi'i'd llowers found in New liruiiswi(dv, I'tc.. is var. sn/ijiur/iarasnHs. DC. Prod. I, 7(M>. Vai'. ()i;k<;.\n.\. O. Oirt/rniit, Xutt. in 'I'orrey aiul fJray. Fl. \. .\m., i. 211. O. (icftosi'l/d. Hook.. I'M. Hor.- Amer. i. 1 IS. Lar^^cr in every way and more rusty-ptdu-sci'iit. as uHich as a fo(»t hi;^h and with leallets in extri'ine cases over 10 mm. hui;;'; llowei's liO- li;"> nun. lonj^'; capsules Ithum.; seeds '2.,'t x •i.'tuuu.; otherwise as in the type. — ("alifor- nia to Washinjiton Territory. 'I'lu' description of fruit and. in part, of inllorescencc, in IJotany of California, i, iK), relates to tlu' next species. — 1*1, 11. fii;-. S. S. i). TiMM.ilKoi.iA. Hook.. Fl. Hor.-.\mcr.. I. 1 IS. (). iiKurnplnillu, Dou;il.in llook./.r. (>. Orifiana. liiewei- and Wal-on. Hot. Calif., i. IK), in pai1 ; (iiay. Froc. Anu-r. .Vead. Virr, Ii7S. Habit ol" the la>t, sparinjjriy puhescent or ;4lal irate; lca\('>« a span to a fool liijih. leatlcls •J.")-].") mm. lony' and usually ahout as hi'oad; scapes mostly several, a litth lonjAcr than tin- leaves, umhellately ahout ()-llowere»l ; pedici-ls at length e(pudlin- 12 nun. lonj;:. homoiione; petals deeply emar- <;inatc or hilld and nearly whiti-; cajisulc linear", Lf") mm. Ion;;', its cells ahout (J-seeded, glabrous; seeds i'ed-hrown.ol)lon^. obscurely c(»arse-pitted and sctmcwhat lon<;itudinalI\ striate, 1 X 2.1.' nun.— Damp woods, \Vashinj;ton to ()re. (). vi<)LAt;KA. 1.. Spec. |:U. <). loiiffiflora, Ij. O. piifi-/ii/ftt, ^h\\s\). Aciiulcsccnt. IK-rcnnial from a stout brown bulb with rusty-eiliate scah-s, «;labrous or the pi'dicels and hasi's of the leavis ^labrati'; leaves several from each bulb, a span or less hi^ii, leallets ;{, ahout 10 nun. lonji", broadly obcordate with an open sinus, the midrib tippt'il on the lower silk' with a pair of usually pi'omint'Ut conlluent oran<;c callosities'; scapes several, mostly about twice as lon^' as tlii' leaves, umhellately ;{-12-tlowered; pedicels at length rather lonjifer than the llowers; ])racts acute; llowi-rs l.~)-20nun. louj;, heteroj^one; sepals ovate, obtuse, w it h two more or less conlluent oran^'e callosities on thi' out ei- side at the tij); ])etals thrice as lonj;as tlu' calyx, undulati'ly obtuse or tiamcate. rose-piu'ple or sometimes ■white; cai)sule I'ound-oxoid, about .num. I(»nj;-, its cells about IJ-seeded, glabrous; Heeds il)out a linns, t tvice II length wise a I 10 mm. 17:.. :'.i 12. ( Q. rio/i (or son about ; Wai'ds: feer, IS,- Bigc ' These eiillosities, or ho-C!i11c<1 };lmi(ls, arc coiiiinoii to many species of Uiis .section ol' U/alis. hi O. Murtinuii, hi- jiiirUlii, etc., MM inli:iiiiiiij;iiiiil serien ol'siniiU ciillo>llles of till' siiiiie ntitiire occtir-s iiroiinU Uie lower stirface of the leallets. NOiail AMKIJICAN (IKUANIACKAK. 01 Ijaf'., AiiiuiIh of Iti'tniclicd r )\v Inii^itiidiiial nlaiiis :»1" Noilli ilicwaii. Also lujiCllC llo\V('l>, liuj. 7. A lonii km., I, L'll. (). iisty-|)iilK'S('('iit. ii^-; ll(t\vci-s liO- tyi'f. — ( 'alillir- iilloi'csci'ncc, ill i;;l. in lliM»k. /. <■. c. AiiuT. Acad, span In a Tool Ncvi'iai, a liltli til (M|uallin<4' tile Is deeply I'lliar- al»(»ill (l-sceded. t l<)i)<4'itiidiiiall\ . Aeaiilcscj-iit. he iH'dicels and ss hi^li, leaflets 1) ti|>|)ed oil the ; scapi's several, 'dicels at li'iiglli er(»g()iie; sepals T side at the tip; »le or sometimes j^lahrous; Heeds ■ lower .surface of the koiiipiTSHed ovoid, irre;j;iilarly nigose-tulterenlate, I..") mm. l. KK (). I AriKoi.iA, lllUv., Nov. (ieii., V, LM7, I'l. M»7, VAU. .\caulescent, a span or nore hi;^li, I'rom a small scaly l>nlh which hears niiineroiis stihterranean hnlltilerous '#hoo|s tw(» or three inches loii^-, siihglahrons; Icallcls .'5, \>ithoiit apical (-allosities, very broadly ohcoi :latc-dilloid with ol)lf)ng (hvergeiil lohes, nutrc or less ciliatG; lloAvern ahoiit as ill the last; allciiiale lilaiiiciil.v with lateral auricles; capsule (immature) liiiear- ohlong, K* mm. long, its cclU ahoiil o-sei'ded ; seeds (latlciicd, ovate, acute ahove, trans- Versely rugose, with about I longitudinal grooves on each sidi', .7.") X l.'Jnmi. — Ari/omi (^J*riiif//(\ ISMI, no. :{(M). /ji nunoit, litiol), from Me.vico and South ^Vmcrica. Leaves iinoother, less conspicuously \eiucd and more deeply parted than in the ligure cited, and tlic slanu'iis . O. Drinnniondii, ItJray. PI. Wright., il. '_'"); Toirey, Uot. Me.\. IJouiid., II ; Watson, Index, i, l."»;{. Ilems- Jey, Miol. ('cntr. .Viner., i, l().'{. Acaiilesci'iit troin a scaly hiilli, glabrous; leaves lew, tlxiiit a span high, Icallcls !>, o|tcn V'-shapcd, more or less conspicuously calloused in the ■iniis, the linear liliint lobc> Id iJ.num. long, u>ually o mm. or less wide; scapi' ni'arly t>vice as long as the leaves, iu(»stly solitary, umhellalely about <>-llowi'rt'd ; pidicels at length an inch long; bracts aciitish; sepals with l-(l narrow callosities. Mowers other- wise about a> in (). rloUuid. hrtcrogone; capsiiK- ovoid-oblong, somewhat pubescent, 10 mm. long, its cells about l-secdcd; seeds as in (). ilpcuplniUd. — 'l\'\iis {^Lindheiiiici; 17.'). :il I, l.'.7, U'ritj/d, 7I(), DriintmuntL -S).— IM. 11, tig. III. * Vl. (). DiNKlUiKNs, Benth., I'l. Ilartweg., !>. O. nsindUittnts, (Ji'ay, I'l. l\'ndlci'., 27. 0' violarta, (Jray, I'l. Wright., i, 'Si, ii, l*."). \\\ inch and a hall' to a span high, glabrou.s (or somewhat hairy V), with the tlowcrs and habit of O. vloliictti. Leaflets l5-o, mostly 4, deeply obcordate or ciiiU'atc-bilobt'd, without an apical callosity, 10-20 mm. long and about as broad, the sinus extending to the middle, lob»'s divergent, mostly narrowed up- wards; Iriiit y — New Mexico {Fim/lir, Ul, Wn'(//if, \)i)H) and Arizona {JiiisJiy, Septeni- ]^M-, lSl^o),rrom Mexico. — I'l. II, lig. 11. Similar to ( ). tefr(ip/t///la. Ci\y.,hn\ smaller. A Ijtrge specimen distributed by l!ie I Kpaitnu'iit of Agriculture without locality or date jnay possibly bi' the latter. 1.'5. (). i)i:( .\iMivi.i,.\, llIiK., .N. (ieii., Sp., V, 2:58, PI. KiS. .Vcaule.scent from a more or ^ss hairy bulb which produces short -stalked bulblets, glabrous; leaves several, about a ipaii high; leallets .*) 10, liiiear-obcordate- V-shaped, 20-I{.") nun. long, the sometimes Iparingly ciliale lobes .'}-.') nun. wide, midrib ending abrii[)tly, not callous-tipped; scapes Biostly twice as long as the leaves, umbellately about 10-llowered; llowi'rs hetcrogone about as in O. riuhnu n, but tlii' si'pals mostly v.ith l-() callosities; ca])sule ovoiil-oblong' 8nmi. long, its cells about 4-seeded; seeds pale brown, compressed, round-ovoid, longi- tudinally H-10-creased ami transversely wrinkled, .7 X .Omni. — ^Vri/ona {(rveene, 1880 ilo. 211, VritKjh', 1881, ;501, Lcnimon, li\'i.\) and New Mexico ( IIV//////, 00!»), extending into Mexico. In some ^lexican specimens, apparently to be referred here, the scape 02 WILLIAM THKLKASK ON TIIK mill |M'ti(tIt'H aw piilu'nilcnt or Iduscly villMiis, nnd the loiidctH iirt' occasidimllv hoiiu'wIiiii hiiirv. It sliould In- iwdt'd tliiit ttur llowcis of this M|H'(it.s anil O. fafi/o/la ari* iiiiicli lamiT than tliosf li^iiird l»y Kuiilli.— I'l. 1 1, lij;. I J. A ruiupariitivi' I»iMl();;ical -iiidy of tlu' spccicH of iliis ;;«'miis. with ahiiiidant material, W(»idd 1m' <»I" imusiial iiiti'i'i'st. 'I'linsc like (J. riiniiriilitf(t, var. sfn'rfa, which )ii'odii(i li-aly ^tt'iii"-. '•"' >"|»it'iid l»y Mditi'i'iiiiicaii slioots, Hhnw iiow ihi- raidcscriil type may he (•((iiiu'clid wilii liir a« imlrsci'iit, as rcprrsciiti'd \)\ \Ur (^rl>((l.^^l/ft| ;i;riMip, wliicli p;-(idii(t their leaves and llowers I'roin tlie apex i>l' a slender rhi/onie. 'I'hese I'ui-est-inhahitin;; species, with piiNisleiil stipular-dilated leal-ltases a^';ire;,fateil ahont the terminus of each year's <;rowtli. whih' the scales are remote i'lsewhere, pave tin- way li»i- the riohinn j^'roiip. inanv <>r whieii are prairie i»r desert spi-cies. In some tropical American species (tf thi- ;;ronp. the so-called siip«', risin;;' to the siirfacc of the ^frctund, is sparin;,Hy scaly, hu^- • ••otiii;;' the rhi/onie ol" (>. anlosilhi, while the snlttcrraiu'an part ol" O. i nnraphijlhi mi^ilit he called with almost i'(|ual propriety a stout scaly interrupted rhi/on. •, or .1 iloselv a>;jiii'jj:ated series of hidhs. IJut, in the majority ol" these spi-eies, vcj^n'tativi pi'opajiation is «'lVi'(te(l hy Itnlhilerous shoots, the hases of which disappeai' aHer a time, while the inner leat'-hasi's persist at the apex as fleshy reservoirs ol" food, and the outer scales, at hiiji'th dry and sclei'otic, usually villous-eiliati' or ipiite hairy, sparin;e ol' America, uniformly produce hidhs that ai'c protected hy a thicker scaly coating, while, hy the grt'ater length of theii" suhtci-ranean shoots, they are carried deeper into the earth. The eidargement of the a|»Ices of these sh«»ots with an accompanying reduc- tion of their scales, oi- of the apices of slender rhi/onies like those of (). vnniiculitid, var. sfrir/ii. I'csults in tuhers such as characterize O. cnisslraulis- and othei- specii-s, several of which hear large and cdihli' tuhers. While these cases may si-rve to illustrate the modification of the simph' caidi'scent type in one direction, (). l]'ri(ffitu (U-parts from the cornicii/afd ty|)e in developing a stout snhtei'i'anean caudex, from the sununit of which tlu- leafy hranehes spring, and this form is iMUcii intensified in a group of acaulesceut South American species with thick ' Scliiit/.fiiiriclitiiii^icii l)i:i (Icn Oxallszwicticln (Mil'. (Iclltsdl. l)l>l. (il'SSL'IW(Ml., 11, lONj; L(l)Ull>VLTllllltllissC (llT OxiilisurU'ii. Jena, lf<«4,— abstiiitt in Hot. Cciitrull)!., xix, ' /iicciirini : Niiclilni;,' Mono^'r. .Vuht. OxiilLsartcn, I'l. J. The A inarke exposed miliar e: the dayl »nd intc pOHUre »ponse I^hl. t In A< eircunm I^Bnts OOnnnoi phydnn ipecio ^n wit noveuK of the The NOIMII AMKUIfAN (j1KKANIA( KAK. Ililllv Noincwiiiil i/'o/in arc iiiticli iiidtiiit iiiatcrial, \vlii<-li protliK) il lv|)c may \)t wliicli |):- le earliest veyfc- paiision of iWli- i)t, rich ill watei' 1 the (lriMi;;'ht ol It lire their friiil, tiiiiin. loii^^anei applied to t)i( itly with reason, laiit season than r scaly coating'', lied deeper into ipaiiyinj; rcdiic- ronilcitlithi, var. species, several iiple caulescent in (h'Velopiii*'' a sprinj;, and this lies with tiiick . Ami-T. OxiiliNiii-ti'ii, I J^iinks, of which O. artivnhita^ is a reprcHeiitative. On the other hand, lln'rc is no doul)t l^at I he hittiT approach the Imlhil'eroUM type, tin-oiiwh the tnne. Hi ihtiiilii ri, is not iiiicoinnioii in ifhr tropical Ainericaii Kpccies.and in the section /{io/ifn/fimi the eloiiid the suppression of all lint the tt'rniinal leallel results in the iiniroliolale leaf of (). i/ir/iomlrti' J'nfiti and a lew species that do not occur in onr territory; and in (f. ritsrif'onin't< (soinetinies (pioled aii*l li;;iir«'d M (t. J'rufi'ni'f tis),\\u- rediKiion and linal aliortion of the leailels, accoinpanied liy an un- Miial dilatation of the petioles, ic.siilis in as perfect pliyllodia as those of Acacia, — lint these stand with llieir edyes taniiciitial to the stem, not radial as in the latter ^^ciiiis. A twiiisitioii to thiftype isallorded liy a considerai)le series of species in which the petioh's •re more or less dilated :iiid ellicicnl in assimilation. On the other hand, llildelirand'- has pointed out that the leaves of seedlings of <). I^nnianfh'a are at first trifoliolate, thon^li the later leaves consist of 7-!> leallets. The leaves ol" O.ra/idioi have Ion;;' heeii known to possess the power of movement in H marked dej^ree. 'I'he clian;;e of position of ihe leallets at ni^flit. so that tiie_\ are then exposed to a minimiim ( lin^ l)\ radii'tion — the so-called sleep of tlu' leaves — is a I'a- niiliar example. I'ndei- the inlliience of li;4'ht and warmth, this position is c\chan<;°ed in the daytime for ii \>ilh more or U-ss rapidity, as in Miiudso, li(ih!)i!ii, etc. 'i'lie seat of these ditrerent Hiovenients is in the pnlviiii near the base of the ^I'eiieral petiole and of the short stales of the leallets, and in the midrilis of the latter. • ^I'he llowfi's of most species are s(»lilarv or nmliellately clustered; lint in the former 0§ec the peduncle is li-liracted some distance lielow the Howi-r. and tlu' ninliels are tfkew ise siiliteiided liy two or more liracts. In specimens of O. /vVi/r/tva ' some of the fcHfanches of the nmltel have lieeii observed to liranch, and this, with the constant pri'si'iice of toe hi-n-ts referred to, indicates that the intlori'sceiice in thesi' cases is in reality a reduced Oynic. A typical dichot\vors of our 0. vtohico.a aiv soinclinu > sue ci'i'dfd In l)iill)k'ts, — an ot'currcncc that (.'annot be common hi the wlhl phmt. Thf tl<)\v« IS aio tyiTR'allv open Ciinni'l-sliapiMl. t'xpandinjj: in sunshint-, the (h'nii' t set. But in the niajofity ofspi'cios tlic lk)Wt'r- of diir(.'iii\t individuals ai\'([uitt' (Ussiinilai- in tliis ri's|)fct. so tiiat thrse spccii's i\rv wlini lliltk'Itrand'' and Darwin' have (ailed heterostyle heteropHiv is tvpically ti'iniorphisin, three forms of tlouei's existing in ahout I'ipial num- ])ers on dilleri'Ul plants of a ^ixt'U spi-cirs, the pistils of one heiui;- shorter than the short- est stamens (short-styled), those of the see:tnd hciny .intei'niediate lu'tween the two set- (mid-styifd ), while tliJisc < if the third are lonjjer than ('ither set of stamens (lon<>;-style(r). Coinucted with thisr dillrreiiees inthek'U^th of the pistil are dilferenees in the stamens, so that the two sets of cither form of llower eorre>poutl in leiiu'th res|)cctively with tin pistils of the two other forms. Hildel)raiid, who examined the specimens of O.vdlis in several lai'u'e hci'haria. has rccordeil his ohxrvations on this point in t instances, howt'Ver, tlu'si coi'ri'spond to one of tiic three forms that I have characlcri/ed. The same may he sai'l of the many liuiircs of dacMpiin' and others who havi' illusti-ated this <;-cnus. It was aK' .sjiowit liy IIild> irand" that in some trimorphic species snhmitted to experiment, the <;reat- est fruitfuluess resulted oidy IVom the fi-rtili/ation of a pistil liy the ])ol!en Irom stamen- ol'it- own len<;th, — a rule that has keen found to apply j^enerally to heter(»;ji^one plants ; and Ilildehraud has recently a,i;ain remarked on the fre(pn'nl si'lf-slcrility of a sinj^li form"*. The polk'U and sti;iina> of such trimorphic species as have ht-cn examined in thi- ri'spcct. also show the diHei'cntiation usual in trimor|)hic plants, the pollen iiiains of tin lon;^" stamens Ix'iuii' larjicst. tho'c of the short stamens, smallest, and those of tlu' mid- leiijith. intt'rnu'diate in size; while tke stiu'matic papillae of the lon;;-styIed flowers art lonii-cst, tkose of the short -styled, shortest, and those of the mid-styled, of intermcdiati lciii::tli. In the examination of herkarium or Lii'ccidiousc matci'ial of trimorphic species, the niuu- licr of specimens lieiuu' limited, it may ri'adily ha|>pen that only one or two of llu' form» arc found, when a -eai'ch in the held amoiiii- hundreds of individuals would reveal all in appro\imatt'ly c |iial mimliers. Hut c\cn under these c(>nditious, one or more id' tie forms may not hi' found in localities wlicrc an introduced species has multiplii'd mtn-sex- ually''. or where kut two forms have keen iiUroduced; for tkesc, ]»ropanated scxuallv, kut witk(>ut \\\v inter\ eution id' tkc otlicr forms, may possikly reproduce onl\ tkcmselvi's'-. Hence the prcsiunakle trimorpkism oi' such s|H'cii's as were known to have one or two nl the foi'uis of (lowers usual in such cases has not keen Hiiii l!.)l. I. I'l. in:>, iIl'. I. • rf. J'lVir.T: I'liy-inl. rul.TS. 187:1. '■' Moiinis)ii)iit etpial miiii- !• lliaii tile sliort- I'en the twii set> IS (loii^-styletl). ■^ in the siaiiieiH. etivi'ly with llir US ol" O.vaU.'f ill ail''. But whil. tr two lonus I • <. liowi'Vei', tlu'N' line may he sai^l us. It was alMi iuu'iit. the ;j:reat- eii from stamen- erti;;t)ne plants : rility of a sinj;li examined in tin- Im ,i;rains ol" tlh hose of the 1111(1- tyled llowers aii of intennediati species, the nuiii- t wo (tf till' I'onn- •uld reveal all in or more of tin Itiplied nou-se\- ti'd sexually, hiii Illy tlu'insclves' . ve one or two oi •d. plants of a sup- liiucr-i, c'ti-., Chiiptor • IIS. 1 ;i. Idv.ci-s, 1,K'.>. Akail.. isiii;, :tr;i; IVu •'(iriiiN 1)1' Klinvirs, "Jt'o jiosed trimorphie s|)eeies ((). rl()hifi(i),i\n*\ oliser\ in^' only lonji"- and short-styled jilants, ^ niiide iiieMsiirenients of the llowers of many plants, hut loiiiid only these two lorins, ;t|- 3|hoil^ii the plant is very ahundaiit and a native spceii's. I have since exainiiu'd a ureat |Hany more plants nhoiit Madison. Wi-coiisin, in the vicinity of St. Louis, Mo., ;iiid from Central Illinois, uithoiit tindiuij,' a >inulc mid--tvlcd tlowei'; and my eorre^|ton(K!i!s who flave paid attention to tiic-ul>icct ha\ehad the same experience. Nmneroiis herl)ari- mn >pccimcns, rcpn -citlinu" nearly lln' entire ran^'c of the specie-^, are also all loiiii'- or tliott-'^t \ li'd. l-'ror.i a carefid consideration of these facl'^. I have Iieeii couvineed that thi-- specie- lia> liccoiiie dimorphic from the suppression in some manner of the iiiid- Styled form, for ii cannot he doiihted that il is dcsceiidi'd from oriu'inally trimorphie pa- reiil>. -iiicc the ^tameii- are still in two remote sets, imt a- yet I'oiniiiiicd in a siui;'lc set. ^ouii'li in ilowci'~ of h;iih -iirts they appear to lie -imiewhat clo-ei' to^'el her t liaii they slioiild i»e in a tiimnrphic >pecic<. Mr. I». M. N'aim'lian. who stinlicd (). riohiad in my lahoralory >ome yea!'> since. ll!oii"j,iil that he dctcctcil an alioi'tiou uf the |'olleii of the 8nid--lamcn^ in hoth loinr- and short-'-tylcd llowcis, indicatinu' a lo^s uf function that Bli.ii'ht hi' held as iiidicati\e of their ulliinale di-appearaiicc Ilo\v far ihi^ may he true I (111 not Know. Ml'. I )ai'\\ in. !o u Ihhii ^oiiie of tln^e l'aci-> were coimiiiinicated sjiortlv bt'ioi'c hi~ dcaili. al>o llioiiL;'hl that thi^miuht l)e a t riinorphic species l»ecomin,n" or hc- Ct/iii((liinoiphic\ 1 may addliial our other >peeies of tlu' r/oA/rrr/ y-roiip arc found only Wlidei t!ie-e two forms in hcrhai'ia. ><> far a- I have exaniined tlieiii; I»ut llildehrand has CUiti\aled the iniil-st\led form of I >. n .-^jx rhi mins-. ( )ii!' \ cllow -llo\ve!'ed caiilescrni specie-^ of t he coriiiftiltiln u'roiip are more pu/zlin<>- than tho«-e wliieli lia\c ju-l hccu considered. In the typical sinalicr-llowered form of O.voniiriiliihi and its \ arict \ ,are a little shoi-ter than, or ahout eipial to, the louder --tamcus, and the llowcr- arc iiuipiesiionahly hoino^-ouc\ lint in the common vi'loii^ .'^t. Loiiis phiut, w hieh i- I'cuardcd a^a foi'ni of var. -ihirlu. the llowers are lar<>-er and the pistil appear^ to ha\ c iiiei'ca^cd in lent;'lh correspond iu^'ly with tiie petals, as may b«B seen from the following- measurcinenl--, from the i>asc of thcllower ('I'alde \). 'riiese flowci's iniuht lie taken for the loiiLi-^lylcd foriii of a trimorphie species; hut the pollen- grain- from lioth set- of >lamen- are e-^i/c, so that this theory is Untenalile'. and hot h foniii'iihihi and this varicls are to he rei^-arded as merely variahk- in the iclati\(' length of -tameu'- and pi-til'. ^riierc are also niimeroii> stipulate specimen-- wliieji could he referred to O. conu'riildfa in the hroad sense in which that species i> understood, if it were not that lluw are still Uirj^cr-.lowcri'd and may he trimorphie. I apjieiid some iiR'asurenu-nts of the stamens •As I >tnl(tl ill till' .Aiii.Tii'iin NatiinilisI, in IS.'^;.', llllili' braml (Mount -h.'i-. licrliii. Akml., \>iu;. .'!.-.:.— iiml r.'ri'iilly in liot. Zciliiiifi. \>ii*7, '2'2) rt'poi'S imc mill ■ilvlnl -|Mriiuiii of O. >-iiil,i,;'it. willioiit loculily, ill tlu' lurliariiim uf .\W\- Wldir liraiiii ; ami a llmii'c "1" a uiiil-^tyli'd Miumi' <<( what ||:Calli'cl (>. riolitciii \> siivcii liy I'ayd' i OrLraimni'iili'. I'l j^ lljr. 1'.',— ciijiii'd ill r.uorssfii's llniulli. Sy-ii. Hot , ii. 108). I aNii lliiil .-ii'ViTal iiiiilsl\ li'il -iicoiiiU'ii?. umiiT llii^ MOlc. I'i'oiii alioiil liiniiiis .\yi-i'-.. ill till" (ii-ay lierliai'linii, bntllii'.v ai'r iioi niii' Nmlli .ViiiiTK-aii |il:iiu. It^UllllKH lli»ril> Hill'. S.Vl' IIISI , Mil. !\'. II 'I.i1h'1isvitIiii1iii1-;si> ■,1i'v O.valisartcii. 3r>. 'Sif lliiilchraiul : Miiiialslii'i-. IUtI. Akail., ISiiO, HilS; i!i>i. Zrit.. i-.:-!:, ■;:. Mlilililiraiul vMoiiat-hor. Utrl. .Vl^ail., ISi'.i;, »(W-!)) I'ciiiiiil imc idiiii-.stylod •.|H'i'jiMrii nl' sfyicln I'olli'i'ted by 'I'l'i'viso (hut wiiliDiit iiiiiiralinii of iiicalily ), and one from Missouri, xvliilo a s|n'ciiiu'ii frniii lu'iitut'l^y is said to he sliorlstvlrd. ' Si'u Dai'Win'.s DliriTi'iil Forms ol I'lowi'l's, |si. gg WILLIAM TRKLEASE ON THE Taiii.k 1.— I-argc flon-creit O. couxtcit.ATA, vnr. sthk'ta. LenRtli of Stnmens. Stnmens. Pistil. Corolln. 3 mill. 4 mm. 7 mm. 10 mm. 3 4 1 10 Kr«tiii one piniit. ■ 3 r, 7 11 I 3 4 !l 3 5 (i 3 4 ."> B 2 3 ,5 8 3 4 7 8 Fi-ni one plum J 3 .') N ft .i ,■> li « 3 4 h 3 4 5 8 Avenifte. 3 mm. 4-1 mm. G.2 mm. Taiii.k II. O. coiiNtciTLAT*. rnr. ( ?) MACRANTII4. A. f.oiigitylfii. Locality. I.eiiglh of stamens.! i^tiiinena. 1 Pistil. Florl<)n. New Voik. Ciilirornin. 4 mm, 4 4 A mm. I'l r. .■5 .'5 7 mm. 7 fl. MIdatylfvl. Stnmens, Pistil. Stnmchs. New Yolk. 4 mm. n mm. (1 mm. Ciiliroinia. 5 7 9 " 6 7 8 (( 46 ,5.'. f> r. Short ili/leil. Pistil. Stnmens. Fliiridu. !i mm. 6 mm. .stamens. 7 mm. n. nottblful. .stnmens. Kloi'ida. R mm, 5 6 mm, 6 Pistil, e Mini. s and pistils (Tal)lt' IT), hut liavi' not liad an oiiportunity to iiicasiiit' the polh ii oCtlu'dil- iercnt sets ol' stanieiis. Some of (In- specimens come very near O. pilosa, Nutt,, as rep- rosi'nted l»y a tlowerless s|K'ciinen of Niittall in the 'i'orrey lii'rhai'iimi. It will Ite seen that the last two (and others hav,' been observed) have the styles e([iial to the lon<>ei stauuiis. as in typical fv>/v//Vv/^//f/. alt hoiiiih the llowers are vci-y much lar^i^er. Jiotaiiisl- who are able to study this lar;^'e-ilo\vered form in tiie Held shtuild make the iiu-asiirc- nients on a large uumbi'r d' sjiecimens, necessary to determine whether it i^s heterogoiif or not. While the heterogony of this form is at best only presumable, we have tw(» truly tri- moiphic >pe( ii's of thi> section, as may be seen from 'l^ibles III-VI. As these species are all very closely I'claled. they appear to illustrate the manner in which an oriji'inally iiomo;th, wliili fe is, thcrelbre. ul., 180(1, 'iW-; JJot., A. MidttyM. tiiKlliorMtiimonii. I'lMII. Stamens. 1 Corolla. !> mm. mm. 8 mm. W.iiim. I'lxtil. /;. Short-Hti/leil. .Stnmciin. .Stiimciio. m'' t; mm. 7 7 8 mm. 10 l> in mm. 18 13 TaHI.K IV. roI.I.EN OK O. SUKSUOnPll.' A. Miilnlyled flower. B, Shorlttyhd flower. Long Stimioiis. Short Stnmens. Long Stamens. Hid Stamens. SOm 33 u SOm 43^ 4.1 30 .W 43 ?40 .10 47 ? ,50 43 30 M 40 43 33 ryO 30 47 33 ."■iS 47 47 33 47 40 47 33 ! 47 40 47 30 47 30 47 33 .".3 30 43 33 47 47 47 Wi 47 43 47 33 47 47 4.1 .30 ; .50 43 47 33 50 40 Avernse 4.'S.4 n 34.'2 fL 40 fi i2n as if tliese mi>^lit lie the persistent loiij;--st \ led I'onu of ori<'inally triniorphie ancestors. But as ihe ]-.olleii of tile two sel> of ^taiueiis does not show till' dilfiTeiitiation that would be expected in that ease, it is more prohahle that tliev are to he compared with the still Unditfei'eiitiated and homoji-one (). CDniicn/d/a. In all of our s[)eeies the flowers are adapted to pollination hy hccs, which are attracted by their conspicuous color, and nsnally directed hy veins of a dee|)cr shade to a moi'c or less ahiindant supply of nectar secreted hy a series of small ^'lands at the hases of alter- rite stamens, on the (Uitside. 'I'liis is <;i'nerally protected from rain and dew l)y the .lairiness of the loin>-er stamens or styles, as well as hy the closing;" of the Howers at night and in cloudy weather. (). vorniciilida and (A arttosrlla, the only cosmopolitan l^ecics, apparently owe their extensive dislrihiition to the facility with which they are JKSlf-fertilized. The small tlowers of the former are freely self-fertile, althon<»"h they are iHjsited and intercrossed hy small hees in sunny weather, presnmahly with henefit to the ipecies; and the latter produces rcflnci'd l)iit extrenu'ly fruitful cleistoj^amous (lowers on pcflicels that are concealed at the hase of the plant'-. While the .North .\inericau spec-ies deviate very little from the open funnel shape tliat appears to he typical of the ^•eiiiis, this is not true of all species. The corolla of O. macr<>.'mm.,a modiiication which clearly adapts the Howers to pollination hy lepidop- tera. (Note 10.) 0.1 III Is is a j>-enns with explosive fruit. (Note 11.) At maturity the carpels dehisce along ' 111 lidtli liil)lcM iif polli'ii iiii'iisiiri'1111'nls, ilic >ti()iii'r 4tBI>l<''<'>' of fl'L'HllIy !<\Vll|ll'll <{I'IUIIS IVl>lll Ill'I'lllllilllU N|)UL'- inm 1)V which the seeds are expelled is (piile uidiKc that ol" any other plant willi which I am ac(piaiii1ed. In the ripening- of the seed the inner inte^-nmenl becomes lirm and hard, while the outer de\tlops into a thick lleshy loose arilloid envelope, that nlti- mati'lv >plit> jontiitudinally on the side oppo>ite the i-aphe. and, pressing;- upon the some- what llalt( ned xidi's of the seed, lorei's it out. nuich as a hoy would snap an oran^'e sei li rromhetween his thumh and I'orelinut'r. 'r vr.i.i: V. !>. nr.ri ii\ v. A. /.■■n.j-8l;/leil. I.rn(:lli of sla;iUMis. ! I'istll. /;. Mi./nhili'l. ■ — • siaint'ti^. I'Mir. »laini'll9. 4 mm. G iiini. 8 mm. I'iMil. L.t mm. 4 .S7lr.)-/ xhiiil. aiitrnvnu. li mm. TAIU.K VI. I'OI.I.KN nv (). HKClllVA. ii /;. Shfll sOilt.l ll,„rrr. I,'>n>; ^I.■mtt'n-. Miny»tiiliil Jluirer. Mill -i:inMMi>. 1 ■illillt "lailUMI~. : ;i;i ^ 27 m 30 ■-'7 27 30 1 30 23 { 3U 23 1 30 27 27 27 27 23 S7 a 30 23 27 SO 30 30 27 27 27 27 27 23 27 23 .TO 20 27 27 27 23 27 ;io 27 27 27 27 Avi>rngc2H.2»j 2S.7 n :m :i3 3;i M at 33 33 aa 33 33 33 30 30 :«i Xi 30 3;i 31 M .'13 :10 !>li JO 33 30 30 33 31 33 33 30 33 ,H3 33 33 .'CI .33 33 33 .13 3^1 31.1 »i 32.4 f> IIALSAMIXEAI'L Flowers ii'reuiilar. i"-inerous. iisiially imsymmeti'ical I'roni the suppression of 'J sepaK homo>;-one ; St [)als and petals imiiricate deciduous; stamens .*), '•lands \va ..i;^"; carpi'l- alteniate with the sepaK, se\ t ral-ovuled. — Jla/saminncew ol' eoiitiiieiital writersj tW' •^■'■iiei'a, one containin;^' only a single speeii's, ' III § IJi'ijilii/lHtu Ihvy si'|)nr;iti' sli icly ami ()|)i'ii on llii- iniii'r sulili'i'. The ifevoiis several to]).'l| for its The secrete the hri adapt* NORTH AMKUICAN GKUANIACEAE. 00 I'iipid succvssidii siirpi'isi'd ill the the ciipsiiU' \v;i- Cdllld COllvilK I l(»;;cllu'r. 'I'll! otlii'f |)l:iiit uilli lit ItCCOllU'S lil!|! (■ln|)c. tliiil iilli- lllioii tile soiin - c'lll OPMIl^'l' St'l li IIKCIIIVA. slitiil sti/ltil iliiirrr. rtiiiiiciix. Mill Ktami'K :li; ^ .!!/* sn :i3 Xl .'iO :i.l M ;!i! Hi :i.'i M :i:i M 3,! 33 .a SO :!ii 30 :l:l 33 M 31 .■i:t 33 .1(1 33 :!ii 30 :!i; 33 :i:i 33 :!ii 3.1 :» :« :l.l 33 ;i:) 33 XI 3;i Itl.l n 32.4 M IMl'ATIKN.'^, I.. (nMi. iH). 10(18; IViilli. mikI Hook., ficn., i, 277. .; Aiuiiiiil lii'ih.s witli siicciiU'iil Iriiiishici'iil, slciiis, iiiul tliiii altcniJiti' pctiolcd .•teri()]- |ielaloid. saccate, ami mostly fsleiidei'-spiinvd; petals ."5, the lateral ©lies on each side united; staiiieiis united somewhat l>y their appeiida,u'ed lilaiueiits, and with more or less eoiiiiate anthers; style almost none; ovary not deeply lohed. its valves bl'i'al^iu^- elastically Ironi their septa and coilinj;'; seed oblong, with I'oui' longitudinal ridij'es, otlu'rwisi- nearly sm. — Altoiil 1."),") >pecie>. 'JO in A IVica ; mo>t of the others in tropical .Vsia. : 1. I. I'liAA, N'litt. (ien. I, I l in. lon^-, a little oraniii-U'llow mottled with red-bi-owii; saccate sepal loii^'er than broad, rather abruptly coiitractiil to a slei.'der spur which is half as lon;^' as the s;ic e':y incurved; eleistojj,"ene Ilowcrs J^oduced in abnndance. t he coherciil marly I'c^idar ]icrianlh carried up on the maturiiii;' 0Vary; capside oblonj;-. |-|-set'ded; seeds somewhat compi'csscd. il X ," mm.— Wet |)laces, Canada to I'lorida, west to Oren'oii ;md \la--Ka (//tfr .Mi'rh(iii)\ introduced into Kn^i'land. Pale, spotless (lowers soim-tiuics occiu': and others destitute oi' a spur have bi-eii collected from Mas-achiisetls ( /i'n/y/y///,s) to the ('olumbia \'alley {/ji/a//). A'ery similar to the European I. mil ihiiHii II . \\\\n\\ h.is a more coinucopioid -mc with its spur not toothed at the eml, ;ind larii'cr laler;il petals. 2. 1. rAi.i.iDA. N'litt. /. c. /. iiolltiDuirrc. ^liclix. /. onria, Muhl. Iiar;.i'er in every way, as much as ." -(! feet hiuil, and paler; leases sometimes lO X 17 mm., usually ."> X '.) orli'ss; lloweis jiale yellow, le-^s promiiieiit ly uiott led ; hooded si'pal as broad as loiiii'. the nOt<'hed -pur not -o clo-ely incur\ed and less than one-third its leiiiith; bracts ovate, acute; otherwise like the l;ist. — \N'ct places. ( 'aiiada to (ieor^ia, west to Saskatchewan and ( )re,u'on, usually less abuudani than the pr<'eedin^'. .\ pink-lloweri'd Ibrin is Ibuud in^Cw York (/>»).— I'l. .12, ti--. 15. •sion of 2 sepal-- va ..!;;•; earpel-- tal writers; twi' The lower teeth of the leaves oC some species of fiii/i(ilifii>i are luoi'e or less nectar- iferous at till' apex ; or. as in the liJirden b;ilsain ( /. hd./.'^dDu'na), ihr petiole also bears Sevei'al sueh ;^lands, which are lioiuoloii'ous w itli llu' serrations oCtlii' bladi'. .Vccoi(lin<;' to]>elpino. the>e are coutiivance-- by which a body-i;uard of ants is kept on the jilant, for its derciice a,i;ainst caterpillars and other enemies. The llowers oi' /. iidllidii and I. fnlra, like those o|' the related lOiiropean T. ttolifnitf/ere, secrete nectar in a spur I'oiined i'roui the pro|onj.;'ed posterior sepal, and advi-rtised by the brij^ht eoloriiii^- oi' this sepal and the petals. They ari' protandrous, and evidiMitly adapted to pollination by rather lonj^-ton<>iu'd humble-bees, which liiid an alighting [daco jl^W 100 AVILLIAM TUKLEASE ON THE on the lower pclMl iiiid the lloor (»!' tin- siiccnU' so|)aI, and toucli iintlicrs or s(i<^nia with their backs while leedint-- on the neetai'. lii'iinett, tht' only oni- who has earerully .studied tlie llowcis from lliis >taMd|)oiiit. lias shown that the appenda^fi's on the iinier side of the lihiMH'nls ioi-m a hood which, in conjunction with the pendent position oCthe Mowers, el- lectually |)revents sell-pollination. 'I'he nectar spurs ai'e tre(|nently perforated hv hnni- hle-hees. and hivi'-hei's std)st(|Ui'Mtl_v make use of thesi' pci'l'oratious to abstract neetai. DelpinoliMs shown that some exotic species an- apparently pollinated by lepi(h>ptera,- the lon;i->pniTcd /. Siilt. It should bt' noictatc of tension which linally I'csnlts in the outer pan ol" the \;d\e> bi'cakinj;" away below from their septa, which remain, with tiu' seeds, ;ii- tached to tlu' persistent axile column. Tiie liberated vahcs then rapidly coil up, strip- i)in"' or shakin"" oil' the seeds as thev do so, and often throwing.;' theui to a considerable distance from the plant. (Xote \'2.) 'Vhv tribe /'( /"" [I'l /iirf/diiinni) and nasturtion {7'rojiear>; the well-marke(l veininj;; of the upper petals, which xrves ;ic a ni'ctai'-mark, t hen disa]tpearin,L!;' al>o, as Mr. Darwin has shown In /'('li(joniiiii, v\i'., \\\r llowers of whi
  • >' (S. marr tangon, 'J Sojffi W (NIH, ;uii or stigma with iircl'ully studiiil iiin'i' side of tlic tlie llowors, cl- bratcd hy Imin- !il»strji('t lU'C'tar. Ifpidoptera, — loiisc or l)or.l( I III' Madaj;"as(';ii . i('(|iu'nt visitoi- llowcrs on till Irrtili/atioii d 1 tlic outer pail li till' siH'ds, al- ly coil up, striji- o a considcrai)!! wi'll known in . possesses sunn indicated in tin duced as a lonu enus. 'I'lic I'pi- iliort, uuieellul.il \, tile interior i>\ itii the secretion ///, and in ahiioi- ig o(" the uppt 1 rwin lias shown (11 hy Inittcrllie-. shown to lie tin moll "rose-<>;'era- Howcrs of wiiicli iliiiinosae. Not li'einely fra;^raiil ^-fertilization i)v t's ranj^ini^ from (Note i;i.) KIOFKIJ KXCES COXCi:UMX( i C. KR AM ACK AE. Ijfjiiiinlckd : Hillr. z. vcif;!. Anatoiinc ilcr (iciaiiiiii'ciic (Ablmmll. Sciiokiiili. iiiiliirli. Oi'Sflj^i'li., XIV, lliift 3; lint. (Vtl- irali.l.. xxxi, :!i;i. 1. On llir >;eiu'nil iiimioiny of (i.Taiihiiii sen IruilMcli: Hot. /('itiin;,', 1S74, ".4.", etc. Modillcil .sUiiiiiilii i iviitiM'-iioi'cs) of • Ufhikc; Jiiliili. \vi>s. HdI,, v. 'I'lio iippi'aniiici' ol' mlvoiitlvf hiulx on Uii; roots, lii ■Onic ca.-cs, Is iioli'd Ity Wannili«: Hot. rkls.skrlft, ii ; ,Iii>t, \-, :t:(. Wr iss • I'llaiizeiijiaaic, l«li7, and Alialonile dt-r Man/I'll, Im;m, i; ,Iiist, vi', 33-4, di'serlbi-.-* tliu cliariicli'ijsllc I'oriiiM of t l(■llolllc■^^. 8. On tli(.' iiilloif.scoiiof of lln-dniiae scu Wydlcr; .laliil). wiss. Hot., \i. Ilel't 11; .lust, v, ;ifi2 : KicJiUn'; Illiilljuildia- gl*ninii', II, etc. 8. On the inoi-|)liolo;;y of tliu llowci-.s of Uemniiiie sci; Kiank : .lalirl). wiss. Hot., x; KIcliliM': ltliillK'ii(llay;r.'UnnK', 111 Halllon ; Mist dcs I'laiucs, v, etc., wiicri' otlicr iifcit-nci's arc to \h', Connd. Inslniciivc ob.xcrviUions on tcrato- logical llciv\rr.-i ol' 11. Uiilii rlinHiiia A\f slvcii liy CliiNt, in ilii! riotiiiiisi'lic Zcitiiiig I'or Iss;, i;, p|. i.nx tlii.s is l)cin;; written. On liic pdlliiintioii of (itraiiiiiiti sci' .Axeil ; Anordnin^farna Kancros;. UclV. 1(10 (seviTftl .species); I'cnnctt: Joiirn. Hot., MTU, -',"> (Cr. Ittih, rlinninn scll-lcrtllo in late aiituimi); Honnior: Ann. .Sc. iiat., tl -cr., VIM, 14(i, pi. ■-*, f. 11,>*-1;!l' (liistolo;:y ^ lK-ct,ir-KlandM)i Uonnier and Kialniult: Ann. Sc. iiat. <; .sf r., vii, 111 (Ijrifjlilcr color ol' '.'. i;o(jfia''(»H»i at lil^'li cleva- ^ns) i HiRkiuy : Valiy Land of Sidcnce, Tn {ii. n^ilmnnDu) j llarwin : t'ros-- .nul Self-rcrlin/allon. ti'O (secretion of lu'c- VU after f.di of petals in (r. phiimm) ; Dclpino : Ultcriori Osserva/.ioni, ll'' (nectary, ',17) ; pidlinatlon, 10.'>; early falliii;; of anthers, li;;i ; visits of Ulii/niiin mstnilfl to (r. itiireniiii'iim, .'117) ; Kccond. dellc riantc Aniocarpee, iiO; Dodcl-l'ort : Illnstr. Maii/.ciilelicn, l.iclciiiMK " ; Krrcra ; Coinpl. rend. Soc. roy. Hot. HcIk. xviii, \'<, \2 ('r'. jihainm ) ; Krrcra and (icvaert : /. c. XVII, l;i-' (tr. iiliiiciim) ; (ioodaie : Wild flowers of Anierii'a, 1m ; llec kel : (oniples rend., 1H7K, '.' (niovenieiit.s of .slaniens) ; Heilsiow ; 'I'rans. I. inn. Soc. n. «., l, 'i^>'-X (Melf-fertill/ation) ; llildcl)riliid : Hot. Zeit., lS(i5 (expcrinieiits on Ii. jn ate use); Oe«ciileclitt'rverlliciiun>f, 17, f. Ii {(i. jnuiteiLie, prolandrons) ; Irniiscli ; Hot. Zeit., 1874, 5(1.") (nonnaliy rednced ilower.s of fli. mii'iuhir.iim) ; Kerner : Klowers and their nidiiddcn (iiie.sts, 112 ((.'. liobertidiiiim) ; Kirhy and Speiicc : Kntoinolo;::y, 4(ia (Bees. Kjii tiliin i-iiri('y'tti(.i, .sleep .suspended liy their inandililc.s fioin tiie i)eak off', iilmi ma. according; to Linnaeus) ; Knafjij.s : LepUloptcrist's (inldc. ■■<.s (lepidoplcra at Ilower.s i ; I,nl)l)o<'k Hritisli Wild i'lowers (G. .■')!> Hi. phuriim) ; I. i: xiv, 251.' ((/. aaiKjiiimnm); Uoth: H(!ytrii;;e (17.h;1),ii, "0 (nectary); Soyer- ■Wlllemei : I,c Ncctaire. M (ne On tlie mode of dissemination of Heranium see Hiscliolf; l.chil). Hot., ii', 470; llildebraiid : \'erl)reituiiy;sinittel dor rflin.;en, ;i7 : .laiirh. wiss. Hot., ix, 2i;!», pi. 25( = 3), f. 3s. Luhhock ; I'op. Sci. Monthly, xix, 1(11; Klowers, FrulLs ■nd Leaves, 57 (Iroin Kortnlj;litly Kevlew); Stelnhi luck : Hot. Zeit., 1.^7H, 580; Ziinniermann : .Fahrl). wiss. Bot., xil, SM, pi. 3(1. AlsoOlbson. ilarper's Maj:, Oct., Is,s5, (187; Olvers: Hot. Centrabl., xxi, :U8 (.lust, KSSC, (18,-i). On the seed-stnictiire, see Marlolli : I'hiiiler's Hot. .falirb., iv, 237. pi. .">. f. 9-10; .Strandm.nk : Hidr. till Kanncdonicii cm Frdskalet's HyjiKiiad. Thesis, Liiiid., 1874. 27, t. l.'i. The development id'tlM- cnil)ryi> is discussed hy IIe;rclmaier : Versl. Unttrs. Ivntw. dikol. Kcime. 1878 ; and Hofmelst.'r : Emhryoliild. riianeroL'.. 112; and an ac'count of the chlorophyll It con- tains is;!lveii hy Klahault- Hull. Soc. Hot. dc Kraiicc, 187:1, 2.-i0- 1 : .\nii. Sci. nat., il sfr., IX. 174. S. Kor tlie leat-posltlon of ICr' nU v ivt iiudir vaiylii;; circumstances, cf. Kraiis : Flora, xxxvii, 71. (loepperl has observed that the leaves or E. rtciilariitm, like those of a nuniber of other plants, become red during the winter months, when covered by snow, nisuniinjj; their (jreen color in spring;. — SIt/.her. Schies. Qesellsch. Natnrk., .Ian. 20, 187(i. tf. On Ihi' |iollliialioii of Kiiiiliiiiii see Honnler and Klahault : .\nn. Sci. nat., (! sfcr., vii, 105 (llowers inorehrljjlitly colored in hl{,'li latitudes) ; Dclpino : llllcrlori Osscrva/.ionI, ii', !I7 (nectary) ; Ilenslow ; Trans. Linn. Soc. I5ot., 2 ser., i, 358 {E. etcuttniiiin. seiftertile) ; .lordan : Klora, ixix (I8(;tl), 251-2, pi. 5, f. 17 {K. n'fiitnriiim} ; Luihviu;: Kosmos, viii, 357 (;?cii- enl discussion of pollination) ; liiulschia. ii. 5 ( /i. riciddriiim !iml var. jiiiiijiiiiill'ti/iiliKm) : Hot. Ccntralblalt, viii, 87 (it. ni'iirddrniiiii and E. rinilitriinii) ; Midler ; Kosmos, iv, — ; Wechsclbeziehun;;en, !>4-5 (A,', ricnttiriiim) ; Weilere Heobach- tnngen, 218 (/■;. linilarinm); Hcfruclitunjj der Hlumen, 1(1(1 {K. rii-iilnn'iim] ; Keitilization of I lowers, 83 (A', cinit'irium) ; Soycr Willemet : Le Ncctaire, 37 (nectar-glands') ; Sprcngel : Kntd. Ueheimniss der Natur (A'. ciciidirniDi, 338 ; h'. moscha- turn, 340; Weihe: I)e Nectaills, 21, 31» (nectar-glands). (101) 102 HKKKUKNCKS CONX'KRN'IXO (iKUANIACKAK. 7. On the siriicluro. (Ils-.('mlii.'lli>ii iiml sclf-plimtliii: of KraiWnm fruits nvc Ascliorsoii : Jnlirl). UitI. (i;iil., I, .T.'l, pi ' Anausi (mt lliiiiNli'liii ; lii-clioll': l.iliil) linl., li', 47(1; ('mikc: Kic'iiks iinil M;irvi'ls oC I'liiiit I.ilV, 'Jsl ; K. Kiirwlii ; Trati- l.imi. Soc , L' SIT., 1, I.")"); Di'Ciimlo'.li' : I'hvsinl. Vi'n., II, — ; Hi'lpiiio: lViisli>ri, 1 1 ; (Jcimliili' : ('iiiniiioli Plants, ri7 ; (in. Anu'i'. .Iiiiirn. Scl. innl Arts, ;i sit., xi, l."iS; (Anynsl uiul) llansicln: Sllzlii-r. iialnili. V(^r. IfliclMl. ii. Wi'stpli., isils, ■■ , Hot. Zi'llinia. Kstlli, fillO: Illltli'hniinl : .lalil'b. wlss. Hot., ix, i;tl.-,, pi, '.'."i (icI'i'iTnl to as pi, :n, ;', ;l:t 7; .lauii's ; Hot, (la/,ii - lV,L'0:i; l.nliliock: Top. Scl. Moiilliiy, XIX, lliil; Flowers, Kinils ami Leaves, ,ss (IVoni KoiMiilKlilly Uevlew); Marlo.^i i. NaMire, \xv, 17t; Mallei : Mu;;, Nal. Illst., ix. 'J:.', 10 Myfiires : .Meseliajew : I'roc, Assoe. Natinallsts mid I'liyHJeJaiis, >-' retei'^bili'ii, issil, lit L>0 i.Inst. \lll' , LMil) ; Nolihe; llaiiill). .Saineiikniitle, 4,sH, I, ;!'.>;!; O, Uonx : .\nii. Sue, Hot, ile I.v |s7;i, 2."i; ("onipt, lieml, .\ssoe. i', invai^e, ii, .IN'J ; Saelis : 'I'exl Hook, H||; Sleanis; Aiiier, Naliinillsl, xiil, 4111, f. i .. Sleiiihrliiek : Hot, Zeit,, |s;,s, .■,;',i. | I. 1:!, f. Ill; WIeliiira : Klora. 1M,M', M. pi. 4, f, 1 -J; Zliiinii'iinann i .lalirli. \vi«s. Hoi., \ n ,-irii. Also Until : Monail. Mill. iiai. \ ir.. ]■ raiiklnil, lss(, h: pi, •.' (.Iiisi. is.sC, ti.sr.). i III phiiiiose liillls ol' Mniisiiiiiit si'c .Vseliersoii, /. r. 'I'lie ilNseniiliall f I'lhiriimiiinu U illicnssi'd li.v llelplilo : I'.'ii eri Mill:'. Hill., II ; !•". Daiwlii : 'I'r. I. inn. Sni-.. Hot., :' ser,, i, U!,'>, pi. LM, I', ."i ; llildelir.iml : .laliih. wlss. Hoi., ix, '.'i;!^, pi. '.' ;'.ll, 17 s ; Mallei : Ma^ Nat. Ili>l , IX, •.':!; Steaili< : Am Nat.. Mil, till; Sleliiluiliek : Hot . /ell,, IH7H, 111 1 : Zliiinu'nnai, , .laliili \vi*s. llol., XII, ."i71, pi ;ii!. r. '.'"i s. III tills Ki'iiii" llie eoiiiraelloii ol llii' awn depends larjjely upon llie llii l^ eiied epldeniial celN. wlille toi>ioM Is illeiied liv the ineeliaiiieal Hint's, Aceordlim lo Stoiinis, /'.7i//v/ii»ihiii rrnll.s are I. •■ readily .si'll'-planted lliaii those of Kr'^ilim,!. Si-veral observers have iiollei'd th.it the Irnlls of /vci,i?i)(i/i, like lliosr .. •SV/^Ki, etc., are injurious to aiiiiiials when eaten, and may even penel; ate tlu' lle>h when lliey beeomu enlanuled In lli hair. Si'e varions plaei's In .Nature; llntli : Kosnios, ix, ■-'77, ete For d<'s(riplioiis of the seed-eo;its see .M.irloth: l''.nul(r's Hot. ,lillirb., IV, '-'.'.7. 'I' lie cotyledons of a n limber of species are desciibrd by (iodroii v liev, Sc. ii:it. Sept., IS77 ) wlm liiives u series of ^roii, ■ of >peci<'s on ilit'lr foriii. s. On II, e iilorpllolo;;y of the l.inti. tilllii'tr see "ailloii, /. c. ; .MiiiipiisI : Hot Noliser, 1S7'.I, lO'.i, ele. The iiiovi'ineiiU the st;iiiiciis, refi'rnd to above, are also noted liy lleckil; Comptes lieiid., ls;s. i.xxwii,— ; ,lnsl, vi'. :117. (In ' aii;iloiiiy of llie Kinbryo see Flahanll : .\nil. Sc. iiat.. il ser.. VI, 111. pi. M, f. '.'I. '.I. (In the leaf iiiovenieiils of (/i-i(/|./c,/(! .see Ha 11 Ion : Ilisl. des I'lantes, v, L'J ; |)e Hrii'lloU i see .\Iorren) ; Hriiee : I'hii - 'rriiiis., 17s."i, i.\x\, ;i,"iil; Cooke: Freaks of I'laiit l,ife, -1:1; Diirwiii; I'owi'r of Moveiiieni In I'laiils, various plae. - Kolreiitcr: Annals of Hot, II. •-'; l.Mich: .lonrii. I.inn. ,Soe., Hot., XM, '.Ml-l'; Masters: Pop. Scl. |{ev., vil. 'Jil ; Nrorre i Hull. .\cad, roy. .Sc. HeiU',, m". I'S. iraiisl. Ann. Nal. Hist., iv.Jl.SS; I'lVlfer: I'liyslol.i};. riilersiicliiiiii.'eii, I.s7:!, 74; IN'ri.i.l Hewejjiiiiaeii lllalloruanc. is;,-, (^,lii.,i. m, 7',l">;; I'll in/.eii|ihyslolo;;le, ii, I'l'.s ; \' irey ; Joiirii. de I'liiirinacie, Paris, .M \ ls;ll), L'.s'.i, criticised by .Morrill. /. '■. 7(1. For phyllodhi see Znccariiii : Moiio;;i'. .\incr. i iMilisarteii, 1(), Nachlra^, H'.': Illldebraiid : Flor:i, Is7,'i, ;lu't,pl. s, f. Hot, lU'sisler, XXVII, pi. 41. 10. ( In the lloral siriictnre and pollination of Hftlis see Axell : .\iiordniii;i;iriia. 1-, 711, lor, ; H:iillon ; .\d;insoiiia, \ ii • (O, ciir)iifiil(it'i) ; Hi'lllU'tt : .lonril. Mini. Soe , X Vll, ■.'7.'> (cicistojrainoiis Mowers of (}. ni-rtimi'llii i ; (!iis|iary : l)e .N'celari ■ p. 54, f. '.'o (nectary ol (>■ nrrinsi llii) : Darwin : Dillereiit Forms id Flowers, various passa;;es referring to a number of si" cii's; 111 l|iluo: lltiriori (issorva/.loni, ii', lU (nectar glands) ; Foiirnler: Ffcondalloii. ."il. ,'>',i (,cleisto;{!iinous tlowers an i order of dehisce'ice of sl;uiiens); Fritscli : ll''ob;iclii iin;;i'n. lit, '-'"i. '.'li time of openiiej; ;iii 1 elosin;; of Mowers of n ai-doni'llii and O. fd-ii-ln) ; Ileiislow : 'I'raiis, Linn. .Soe., J ser., i, ,'l."i'.l, pi. 41, f. I.i, 14; Pifp. Sci. liev., win ^'(. iifftimili \ ttui\ 0. <;iniintl'itii \. llildebrand : (iesclilechlervertlieiliiiiu;. In lex ; .M inalsber. Hcrl. .\k;id., |s;i;, ;li;;i ; Hit. Zcii., Is:: 41,"i, 4111 ; Hot. Zeit., Iss7, 1, 17, ete, (lielcioijony or lioinouony of many species, and experiments on their lerl illzatloii Mcelian : Proc. Phil. .\c;iil.. ISsii, :'„10 ((•lelslou:inioils Mowers of (). iii-ff.isrlhi \ ; .Miclndel ; Hull. Soe, Hot. Fraiwe, \||, I (cliis|oi;:imous tlowers of 1. iicftnsellii ) ; Mold: Hoi. Zeil., lsil:t, , (O. ltf;jii<'lii [=•(>. (Jiillie.rii4rii.ii.i\) ; Itollirock : .\iiier. Naturalist, i, 71 (clelstojiai .ms (lowers Soyer-Willeinet : r,e .Necl;iire, :'.7 (nect:ir fflaiids I ; 'riiomsoii ; 'l'r;ins. H >l. Soe. Fdlnburuli, xi\ , 102 <). inniiiuiliil'i and " Mdijill'iiii'-'i in New Ziidamh; 'I'n b!:ise : .\incr, N:it., Iss^, l:t {(). viulaceM); 'I'revlraniis : Hot. Zelt., fsi;;i, 117 iclelsto^i- nions ilowers uf O. iii-fhiaflln). 11. (In the sei-d sir net lire and disseiniiKilion of Onilin see li:illlon : .\d:insoni;i. \l Must, iv, 41! 1 . ."lO:! > ;'llist. des Plant c - V. LM ; Hischntl : I.i lilbneli der Hot., Il', 171 , ; l)v (■;ilidollc ; Physiol. Ve;:., II,— ; Kriera and (icvaert : Hull, Soe, Hoi. lick: XVII, '.Hi. '.IS; Kliod: Allier, .Nat ur:ilist, XIII, !>.">; HililelMMlid : .lalirb. wiss. Hot., IX, 2lli> ; I.ollde : Kntwick. lllld H;iii S;iiui i sclndcii. 17, pi, I. f. lo; .Marlott: Fnyler's Hot., .bilirli. iv, 24,'(; Nobbe : ilaiidb. Simeiiknnde, 4,"iO, Is:; Peck: Plants ..i Mount Ma rev ; Isso ., 4(i(; ; ,s;i. Hijnire : Phintes usnelles des Hrasilieiis, pp. :i I of le.\t lo pi. 41! ; Ziniiiiermanii : .lalirb. wi-- Hot , v|l, ."<7:l, pi. :'.(i. f. ;!.'!; Ziiecariiii : Nacliti:iy; .\iner. (ixailsiirlcn, I'.l.l. .\!so, (iibsoii: Harper's .Ma:;., Oct., Is.s.'i, ('»' and l.o'nicono: Niiovo (iiorii. H> t. Il:il., xi\ , '.'7 (,liist, lss'_", ."-Jl, where exalbniniiioiis t)..-,ilis seeds an: discussed. 'J'lie histoloviy of tile embryo Is (!iscns»ed brieMy by F'laliiiult : Ann. Sc. init ,, (i sf'r. , \ I, ll,">. 12. On the ^eiiend histology m' Impnti' us sec Heyse : Nova .\ct;i I,i'op.-( 'arol. .\rad., xi.iii, ls|. The fnlbir (exli;iinipti;il i necnu-ylands ;ire considered by Hoiiiiier : ,\nu, Sc, ii:il, , (lsf:r, , viii, !IS; Dclpino : Piodr. .Monoj Phiiite formicaiic, issi;, ;',i; ; Kerner : Flowers and their L'libiddeii (iiiests, 1:',7; Ifcliike: Hoi. Zcitnnu;. Is74, 511; Jalii ' wUs. Hot.. X. Iil2. For tlic pollination of the kpiiiis see Allen ; Proc. F;s.sex Inst., iv, ">;( (lininmiii!? birds at [. fitli-n) ; .\xell : .\iiordiilnaarii i (clcisiiinainy, 12, 7',i ; prot;iiidiy. 10i',i ; W. W. Hiilby : Hull, 'rorrey Hot. Club, vi. 17:'. (perforation of I. fiilnt by lltnijuis . Hailioli: Hull. Soe. I, inn., P:iris, lss|, 2si; Delpiiio: ."{ivlsLi Hot.. 18KI, 117; .lusl, ix', ."ilH) (/. Uiimlinlliuitit polllinited In birds) ; He;il :.\in. N;it.. M\ . 201 ; Hi unci I : .loiirii. I.inn. Soi . Hot., xiil. 147, |il. ;i { .lourn of Hotany, ix, ;17(>) : Pop, Si i UKFKRKNCKS CONCKRNINO CKUANIACRAK. mi I. (i:irt., I, 3'Jl, pi 'I V. Diirwiii : TrMii- III riiiiil-*, ">7 ; (JiMi ■ I. \Vi>st|lll., IHIlH, ■' , lililli'S : lliil. ()a/,i T' ' {(•view) ; Milrl<)>l i s mill IMiyslcliiiH, ^ Sue. Itol. lie I.y h-i, Mil, 4l:l, r. 1 , . llllll. WISH. Hill., Ml ,1 \,\ llrllilim; I'.'ii llid., IX. -'I'.'*. I'l. '.'■ •'ill: /iiiiini'i'iii.iii I i;;i'ly iipmi lln' llii k iiiiiiiiiiii fi'iiIlM lire li ■■ •i.iliiiin, llki' tliosi' 1 I' I'lilan^li'il in tli ,S('S a SCfll'S Ol m'tMl, • . 'I'llC MIOVl'lllClll- nsl, vi'. :'.17. On ■ )IITIi) ; liriiri" : I'liili- lUil.N, variciii-' |ilai' • fi'V., VII. 'Ji'>; Mm II t'li, I.STIl, 7» ; TcriM,! Iianiiaiif, I'aris, .\l \ , |s7.-i, :\J\. i>l. M, f. ; 1(111 : .Vilaiisonia, \ II ' ■iKpary : l>i' Ni<'Iim , • 11^ III a iiiiiiihiT (iC >|" stii;;!iiiioi|i llmvi'i'M an 1 islii;j ii V. Hill. Kiaiicc, vii, I liiu'lliii ; Krit/, .Millie I ltisiii;;ai .Ills lliiwii^ O iiiniiriilntn ami " ., 1m;:{, H7 (clflstii:; I- tv., I'*7n. :ll.->; .Idiini. [.inn. Snc, xvii. '.'7H (<'lclNtojjiiin()ns IIowith (if /. ». ':'iniiifre iiiiil I. I'lih'ii) ; Diirwiii : f'ross- and lf-l'>rllll/.all(in, liii|i\ ; DiHVrcnl KoniiH (if I'luwi-rs, .'IL'S; |)('||inii) : Kcroinl. I'iiiitc Aiiloi'ai'iicc. :ii) ( /. Inihuinina) : I'llf- ;^rl ((ssiTva/.liiiil, n' (early I'alliii^; iif aiillnTx, Hilt. I'L'; /. .ifiiitijlurn, cti!., iKillinaleil liy l,i'|iiil(i|il('ra, L'74 ; /. tKililiiinirre Mril liiillliialnl. ;l;ll>) ; l)i-.svililX: l.c Ncctairi'. IO:t ( lu'clary } ; Krri'i'a ami (icvacn : Ciiiiipt.. rend. Sue. Hul. llelK., xvii, !Mi (<(luislii;:ainy ) ; (iravlM: ('(iiiipt. rend. Sue. roy. Hiil. He|({., Off.. II, IMSII (clelsldKaiiKins lldwcis of /. jfiililiiiiiin'i^) ; (Jriiy ; ^■ni'ru I'l. r S, II, lUl; .Viner. ■lolirii. Sci. and ArtN, :l scr., XIV, 497 (elelslnj; iiiinu.s llowerMj ; lleiislow : l'o|i. St. Kev.. 3IVIII. ; 'I'raii.x. I.liiii. Soc , Hot. L' ser.. i, ItdO ( f. /la/i'/Z^i'irt self-fertlle) ; lllldciirainl : Kailien der Hllltlieii. I.s (color-varl- •tlniis III /. iKilmiiithia) : (iesclilerlitei'verllieililiiLt. \>* (|Mdlaiiili'y> : .\. de .IiiMsirii ; .Moiioifr. .Malpi^liiicCcs, l.st.l, Hfi (elels- MgltiMiills 111 I We r,-< discovered liy Weildeh ; Von .Ml ill I : Hot. Zeil.. |si;:|,;!|:| ( elejsiou iiiioiH llowersdf /. «.)/lV. ()/;/. /•/■) ; I.iieke : Ball. Soc hot. dp Krailci, XMll, ;)*: I.ollde, /.('. ; Nohbc : Hiuidli. Sainelikilllde, |H7. ele For llic slnieliiie of the seed-c(iats see l.iilide: Kiit wickeliiiii; iiiid Mail eliiiirer Sainnimclntleli, Inaiiir. Diss. rH; curly fallliijx ofniiiliers, 1(1:1; /'. »«i'/iir;i/(i/tand lnhiHiim inotli-polliiiiited, ;i74-.'i; visits of liiriN. :);{() (see also Hot. Mas;., .xi.v, no. l;iS(!, Olllioeliirnai fray ranee) ; I-'econd. I'iiiille .\iitocarpee. 110: Difesa Dicnuaiiiia. -M'.'; Kon ruler : Keediidallon. I IH Cprotandry') ; llon.slow Tians. I.liili. Soc.,'.' ser., Llii-..-^-'.! ; Miiln 1 : I'liy-iol. vi':;ef , I'lilt. pi. tl'. f. (! (nectary ) ; Holli: Iteylrane, 17h;I, ii, 7tl (neelaiy ) ; Soyer Wllleiiiel : I.e Neetaire. .17 (iieclary); SpieiiL'ei : ICnIdeckt. tielieiiniiiss, 340 t ( /'. /Kcfrm/i, .miik/c anil jll«l'((''(''l'i»'l ; Trelease: .\nier. Itee .loiiilial. IHSO, W'l, 1117 islrncliire of iieil;iiy, with Humes of papill.ie^ ; .\iner. N.il- uralisl. xiv, .'li'i'i (vlsils of birds) ; Wallace: rrii|iic;il .Nature, •.'7.'> (self-fcrlile island species) ; U'ellic: De Nectiirlls. :'ii. 89 (nectary I ; Weslwooil: Modern I'liissillcatlon of Insects, ii. "i4l (visits of V'lifjiiniu rustntla to lldWers). In addllicii Id llie refereiicus on friiil ;{lvcn above see Deipiiid : I'l'iisicn, II; Stearns: .\iner. Niitnralist. xiii. 410. (in dli8<'iiiiiiali(in ; and Slrandniark: Hldr. Kiinned. Kriiskalel's llyyynud.. L'!», mi seed-coals. For liie inosi iiiipurlaiil llteialiire reliilin;; In llie pollinatidii of 'inijHi'iiliiiii see Helirens : Flora, 1H71t, xxxvii, 'J."i, I4ft-I.'>:i. pi. :i (I'cclaiyi; l):irwiii: Cross- and Sell- Kertili/.alioii. index ; Delpllio: I'lteriori Osserv;i/.ioiii, a', ( /'. Irifuh'r, Itl ; /'. miijim. •.'i;.")) : von Kreyliold : Nova Acta l,eo|i -( 'arol. Ak:i(l., \\\i\, no. I (7". peul'iiihiillina ; f.nbliock ; Hrilisli Wild Flowers, 7.1 ( /. tu'ijiiH) \ .Meyeii : Secret iiiiisor;;:iiic, 'i-> (iieclaiy i ; Spri ni;i I : Klilileckl. tielieiinniss, L'llt ( 7'. (uujim). (»ii llic Mods, see llolnieisler ; Kinbryobildmij! der riiaiieroj;aiiieii, !l:l, and Slrandniark: Hidr. Kiinneil. Friiskalul's Hyjjjjiiad., 30. MBMiiiKS iiosiiix sor str. nisr.. viii.. iv. l.'i "■03) ;'IIIst. dcH riaiil. - : Hull. Sdc. Hot. Hi lu twlck. lllld Han S:iiiii n . Is7; IVck: I'laiils .i incniiann : >lalirli. wi~> .\l:l.'., Oct., lHS."i, d.s' ill!' discussed. )el|illio ; I'lodr. Mono:; liiii^'. l.-^74, iV.l; ,Ialii!i ; .\\ell : .\n(irdnin;j:;iriM if /. fiilrii by IlinJiiis . ii'.liiilliiiiKt pollinated hi any, ix, 37fi) ; Top, Si i KXrUANAllON OK IM.ATK'*- I'l.Al'l'. '.» „...-". '■"•ri;;,:";!'";' K,„.IA.^t "»■ '■'■«>'""'■ 4 rmliciil ; r., ciiuUui'- l.,,^.,K 10. OKKANUM AM' „.,u-..UUum; :i. <>• .-"'"^ ">v\ H' , .. o ru-..Un>.uum.;-..n .'>-'''''''• ;;;;,o«k u Utile too .Uo-.)-. >"■ " .„.o-n.--> --!;t:;;— ^!.--' "^" """^ u.re.i..«vo...n..-. .--ir;::":;«;-r:";;s:;,-;r:i::» -' " '■ v,,vn.-, u, ..N.U.,. „„„.„„„*.„..., < cDiiuii; !"■ '■■ '" 1^104) Ifiil; ">. ciiuIliK'. T'* riillllui'. !"■ liil.iliii iiiill>i»' II. Ml ill"! ''""'''I'- (i. colniiiMni"" ir. iiiolK'-, '1. '">■ «•"•"'• .10 Khort); U). »■ ..s; »:. K. m<>*ili:« :,. O. lornUiiUi I r,.«:um : l>'i»f. "•>• ' ' on forni of tin' »>rin 14. o. lU'i-apliy! » I) Ff-OKUKBA ; :,, a. -iiiiicuiiuiMii ; '■ ni; 10, H. pil-*"!'"" f siuiie ill ^fmilfiil "I M-si-fUon; IH. •'• ^'' \' <^c--. //- W' ^ ' L' N. <.yr^- V V ^7 ,<^n. la ^ fl% '''^'i%^\ H liton PholoorouiTi! I'i ■RELfi^AiibJ, AIv'SRICAN C^i^.'K^-NiACE.'f; Ao^ 'np J-' ^^r^ i«;> r),;iVr. r'nciluu!'ii.H:iii TRELblASE, AMERICAN GER A/ilACE.-f.; :*aovi:w8:ef; Njvni>^:'i/;v r-i '-i \ . r.- nr^H.L uy .MTA^'"H^°NI -"S "O)soa sjioiusj^ Mtmoirs Boston So: Nat, Hist. Vol. I^' TBe^LcJASE, ArJWKiCAN ;^f''RAMiACE.f^