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Un des symboies sulvants apparattra sur la dernlAre image de cheque •"'crofiche. selon le cas: le symbole -•► signlfie "A SUIVRE . le symbole ▼ signlfie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent fttre filmte A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour fttre reprodult en un seul clich6, il est film* d partir de I'angle supArleur gauche, de gauche d drolte, at de haut on bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAceesaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. * ai f/ THOMAS STKUHY HUNT. M. A., D. S(!., LL. T).- F. 11. S. 15Y I'KKWIKOU FkAZKK. f/ ■ fonnd cinployni«Mit tliHt in ti printin<; ofllcc; then in iin iipotli- ociiry'H shop; and (Inidly in a b(»ok hIoic. Althonjih he rcmainc<) Init Hix uiontliM in each of these sitnations it is nioie than prob- able tliat his extremely receptive mind was strotifjly inlln cneed by all of these (tcenpations. He frerpicntly attributed IiIh attention to d»'tails in tlie c(»rreetion of MS., and his (piick and unerrin^r detection of faidts in typofjraphy, to liis exp«'rienee as a practit-al printer. His after love of cliemistry (tonld not bnt huvelteen(h«ve!oped if it was not in.stir. Ilniit's jieiiius were a life-long habit' of attention, an accurate judgment to selectt out of the assorted impressions rcfceived that which was valual)Ie or now, u phenom- enal memory in retaining such concepts, and consistency in adopt- ing them to regulate his conduct or modify his ideas. It is there- fore not at all incredible that this exceedingly impressionablo mind at its moat impressionaiile age may have assimilated both the. tastes and the faculties which dinictod the course of his after life during the short periods of those diverse occupations. This is rendered the more probable from the fact mentioned by Mr. Douglas, that on leaving these three employments to assume the duties of clerk in u not too busy country store, the future Cantab. Doctor kept a skeleton and cer- tain home-made chemical apparatus under the counter for use in the intervals atfordcd by ins commercial duties. He carried on original research in this rural retreat even while mustering the rnd- imcnts of chemistry. He visited the sixth annual meeting of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists lield in the geological lecture room of Yale college from Wednesday, April 30th, to Tuesday, May G, 1845, and was there elected a member of that body. It is interesting to note that in his nine- teenth year, at this, the first meeting he attended of the body g !*»■ '» »M L ■ —■ ■* • ■^ i mt ^ i ii Thntnan Strrt'ij limit.-- lU'iiscr. S 'which f«»ur yonrs iiftfrwiinls lH>c'iim<> the Amcricivii AHHOciiilion for the A«lviin('«'!inMit. of Sn'n'iifc, Dr. ('. T. .lackson mini*' ii oominii- ni('uti«)ii "Oil tlio copiM'r iiinl Hilvor of Kowoimw l*<»iiit. " iiiiil Prof. n. I). UofJt«'rs ".siilniiittftl hoiijo n-iniirkH on tlio (|iU'Htioii of tho Taconic rocks,' Ac., wliicli (lie speaker lu'litncd to he "(»nly the well kiu»wn lower Appalachian slrat,a»li.s ^erm of an idea splendidly develo|icd l)y Dr. llnnt in after years in con- nection with the canse of the dilfercnce in per cent, of nia<;iiesiil of the limestones depositcil in the ohh'st and those in the newer geological seas. One might easily and perhaps protitalily trace the origin <»f many investigations which Dr. Hnnt has pursued to Ijrilliant discoveries in the sometimes vagne. lint to him, siiggi-stive questions and observations at these scientific meetings, lie re- mained in Vale for alxmt a year and a half, nntil some time in 184(], as the assistant of Prof. B. S, Silliman, Jr., throngh whoso aid and that of Prof. Henj. Silliman, Sr. , lie obtained the appoint- ment of ciiemist to the geological snrvey of "Vermont, nnder the charge of Prof. (3. B. Adams. The year following, on the death of -Mr. DeniiisonOlmstcad, Jr., whose place on the Vermont snrvey he had taken when Mr. Olin- stcad assumed similar duties for the geological survey of Canada, Mr. Hunt again stepped into the vacated position and moved to Mon- treal, where began that intimate association with the chief geolo- gist, Sir William Logan, which was to last for twenty-five years, or from 1847 until 1872. During a part of this time he lectured on chemistry (in French) at the University of Laval (18r)6-'C2), and for four years on chemistry and mineralogy at McGill Uni- versity. Besides these duties and the absorbing work of the geological survey which required not only his research in the labo- p.".^ a sKHi Bi ■ r , . , ... 1"' * i 7)^ American Geologist. Jaiumry, IttWI ratory and in tlic lusld, bnt u very consicU'ruble amoun'i of the lit- cniry supervision of Uk; volumes issued, lie wrote va\ imiuenae nuniljerof papers, many of wbich were contril)uted to "Silliman's Journal." His (irst voyatje to Europe was undertaken as a delegate af the (ieoIoy the French Government to be an olficcr of this order. In 1859 he was elected a Fellow of the lloj'al Society of London. He was again an otllcial delegate from Canada to the London Ex- position of 1802, and afterwards served in the some capacity at Paris in 1807. Tn 1871 he was elected a member of the National Academy of Science of the United States. From 1872 to 1878 he resided in Boston and lectured on geology iit the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1871 he was elected president of the A. A. A. S. Before this Harvard had recognized his merit and conferred upon him the title of M. A., and the University of Laval that of LL. D. In 1877 ho was elected president of the American Institute of Mining Kngineers. In 1881 Cambridge University, England, bestowed on him, with more than usual ceremony, the degree of LL. D. He was one of the original meml)ers of the Royal Society of Canada and its third president. During the year 1870, of the Centennial Exposition in miiladelphJa (where he was also on tlie jury), he first definitely took measures to insure the calling tog ther of a geological con- gress of the world, and caused a resolution looking to that end to be passed at the liutTalo meeting of the A. A. A. S. The reunion of this congress, which occurred in Paris, in 1878, was so far due to his skillful efiTorts that without his aid it couid not have been held at that time, though that there would ulti- mately have been called together such a congress sooner or later, no one doubts. The first suggestion was made by Dr. Hunt, oven if we accept the date at which Prof. Capellini, of Bologna, claims that he made a similar proposition not knowing of the earlier one; but even after the proposal had been accepted by the American Association, and a committee appointed, the cnteifpriae would have been relegated to the dust hole of so many of its magnificent uncompleted plans, but for the tact, skill and perso- n' Thomas Sterry I [ant. — Eraser. 6 veranceot Dr. Hunt, who placed hiiiiHolf in relations with some of the more prominent foreign geolojrists, wisely adding them at first to the American committee, and afterwards gave indispensable aid to tlie French committee! which organized tlie first meeting in Paris, in 1878. /\.t the celebration of the one hundreth anniversary of the dis- covery of oxygen gas (which was (itly selected as the date of the birth of modern chemistry), held near tiie grave of Priestley, in Nortiuimberiand, Pennsylvania, J>r. Hnnt was among the most dis- tinguished guests and vice-presidents, and made, as was usual with him on such occasions, oneof tlie most thoughtful and impressive addresses, entitled "A C«iitury's Progress in ('lurmical Theory " It had originally beau intentled thai young Hunt should fit him- self for the profession of medicine, but his strong inclination for research in chemistry and geology resulted, as has been shown, in his adopting a career of pure science, Interrupted only occa- sionally by economical rejmrts which only differed from his other work by having the consideration of values ad orciij)!/ tlir .sdint: sixicr. tif the. xiimc time, and the impene- trability of matter is seen to be no longer a fact, the volume of the combining masses is confounded, and all the physical and physi- ological characters which are our guides in the region of physics fail us, gravity alone excepted; the diamond (lisnolrcs in oxygen gas and the identity of chlorine and of sodium are lost in that of Hea salt. "To say that chemical union is in its essence identification, as Hegel has defined it, seems to me the simplest statement con- ceivable. " "The type of the chemical process is found in solution, from which it is possible, under changed physical conditions to re- generate the original species. Can our science afHrm more than this, and are we not going beyond the limits of a sound philosophy I' ~*-fejr-^--^^ifir';p' Thomm Stern/ llnnt.—Fmzer. T when wo, ondeavor by liypoilicsos of iiard piirticlos with void spaces, of atoms and idoIchmjIch, with bonds and links to explain chemical aftinitics, and when we jiive a eoneiete form to onr mechanical conceptions of the great laws of dednite and mnltiple proportions to which tlui chemical process is snbordinated? Let us not con- found the ima-' I activity of workers to concrete fuels and indisputable conclusions, but it was like a panic in an army, and lost many a great mind like that of Dr. Hunt to the abstract branch of chemical research. In the period covered by Dr. Hunt's work it was not good form among the musters to considcfr theoretical chemistry at all, but rather to work sechilously to collect facts. Yet these fucts once gained it has resulted thut the old fabric of IJerzelius has been rc-erccted. Additional superstructure indeed has l)een added, but his foundations have been left untouched. As an illustration of the unconscious repetition by Dr. Hunt of the mentul processes of Gerhurdt, compare his statement re- garding the definition of organic chemistry in " A new basis of chemistry (^ 15) with the following lan^T"'iige <>f Gerhardt: " Comme toutes les matieres orguni(iues suns exception uucune, renfermeut du carl)one, on pent dire (prelle — (la chimie orguni- quc) — "(>st lu chimie tlu carl)one." [Ch. Gerhardt Precis de Chimie Organique, Notices pn'-liminaires, Paris, 1S44.] <^he minds of these men worked in similar grooves, und had Dr. Hunt replaced Laurent in collaboration with Gerhurdt it is very prob- able thut similur results would huve been obtuined. His reseurch in mineralogy und geology wus of similur char- acter to that in (rlKunistry. Here again besides the keen observ- ing power of u "I'orscher" Dr. Hunt wus uu uttentive student of the literature of his sultjeet, und he seldom, if ever, mude the mistuke of beginning an old investigation us if he were the first to think of it. On the contrury, it seemed his mission to exhume and revitalize the views of the oldest savants in the subjects that he treated ; imparting to their words u meuning which either hud not been understood, or the import of which hud been overlooked. It is thus that we find him going back to Werners views in his "crenitic" hypothesis; to Amos Euton, in his reconstruction of the base of the American column ; to Breithaupt, in his classifica- tion of mineral species. And whether or not in every case the original views of his subject justified his interpretation of them, the aitent'jn which he called to these views threshed out the re- maining seed which had not been previously extracted and made more secure the fame of the old masters. The tendency of this treatrjent also was beneficial in restricting the number of new "sciiools." On the other hand it must be acknowledged that Dr. Hunt in • "mummmmmm MM ijMiWi «n K> 77te Ameiivan Geologist. Jamiury, 1883 tho later poriotl of his Uf« often spent too much of his valuable time in ixolaraations of precedence in the announcement of generalizations which had been ascribed to others, basing hiB claim sometimes on printed words of his own which did not un- mistaliablv define the same ideas. There is no (piestion that In these cases he was sincere, and that from his point of view his claims were just, for he commenced his useful career as a scien- tinc writer with more than the usual amount of that caution which is the indispensable (piality of a true savant. Still, he was the unquestioned author of so much that was valuable that he mi.'htw(m have spared himself the controversy and annoyance of these struggl.'s, some of which were very unpleasant to him. He will be remembered ehietly by his valuable additions to our knowled.'c of the constitution of the crystalline rocks an hoar this lourned HoiontiHt rflpo!ithi<; piii^osof HcittiinLMital verse, it was still more so to noti; that not only could lie on occasion excel in the art of colorless polite conversation, l»ut invariably excited the admiration of his lu^arers by his accurate memory for the thousand trifles whicli form its staple, iind, in fact, act- ually enjoyed it. Nevertheless, a word was enon<^h to divert him from this light pastime, and he wouki lose the smiling presence which accompanied his Itadinaf^e and drop bv instinct into a thon}j;htful Jind well expressed mono!ofj;ue. He had u keen sense of tlu; hiimo'-./iis and a loud and conta- gious laugh which inspired in others as much hilarity us the sally which called it forth. His nature was emotional, but controlled by strong and wt;!! balanced reasoning power, so that no serious view of his on any seientili(! sui)jeet was inlluenced by it. It follows that where this reasoning power was wot exercised, as in the ordinary small worries and mishaps of life he exhil)ited an extreme passion, tend(!rness, or sensitivi'uess. This charac- teristic while it enaliied him to enjo}' much that was unfelt by a coarser nature, was nevertheless, the canse to him of «'xtreme sulfering from causes whidi woulression on most nuui. His weaknesses were not tliosi; which could detract from his greatness, nor did they contain anything sordid or hateful, while the salient points which distinguished him above others placed him in that indefinable class of great men whose tlioughts haye moulded our century. Ft was an instructivt; lesson in psychology to stand beside him and observe how smoothly and forcefully his mind worked on subjects of the greatest diiliculty, and how beautifully it recorded its work in well chosen scMitences cadenced to express the smallest variations of meaning, and so beautifully clear as to render further interpretation unnecessary even for the least intelligent of his hearers. The conversion of Dr. Hunt from the views of Mather, who in 1843 rejected the theory which assumed the Adirondacks or Macomb mountains to be primary gneiss, as described by Maclure in 1817 and afterwards more fully by Amos Eaton in 1832, and substi- tuted another in which a great part of the crystalline rocks of New York, such as the Highlands, and also those of Canada, were con- sidered altered Silurian deposits, gives a good illustration of bis fairness and astuteness. While Murray and his offlcial superior, 'I »s^ 12 The Amencan Gfolo(/i.Ht. •'iinimry, IHW Logan, were of tho opinion tliiit the (iroon Mountain tango in Canada was altered paleo/oic, Hunt was privately eonvinccd of the truth of the eonchisions drawn by Macfurlane & IJigshy in 18r>2-f>H, and tiion^ii for Heveral years .h(f eould not state his change of vi('w in tlie olMcial publications of the Canada (Joologi- cal Survey, he announced it in 1H70, and added additional rea sons in its support. Dr. Hunt has ^iven a sketch of this episode in the AMEiircwN (iKOMKiisr. j(ioolo}j;ical history of the Quehcn group, vol. v, p. 212, IHiK). ] This conversion made him an active partisan of the pre Cambrian party in similar controversies in otiuir countries, and brought him in contact with F)r. Hicks, who in 18(57, in coliabora tion with Ilarkness, published his reasons for differing from the opinion of De f^a Heche, Murchiscni and Ramsay, that the crystalline; scliists of north and south Wales were altered Cam- brian, llicks linally announced in 1877 that they belonged to two unconformable series of different geological ages, but both older than the oldest (Cambrian. Fn 1878 Dr. Hunt, Prof. Hughes, of Cambridge, Prof. Torell and others, visittsd the localities in Anglesey and (Carnarvonshire, and confirmed Dr. Hick's conclusions. The history of this controversy luitween the official geologists of the British (ieological Survey and Dr. Hicks, and ultimately the complete triumph of the latter, are mii tcfrs of recent occurrence. Dr. Hunt lent valuable assistance Ui hia Welsh friend besides finding a confirmation of his own conclu- sions as to the pre-(!ambrian character of like American series in this analogous discovery across the sea. i One of the secrets of Dr. Hunt's success was his indefatigable industry. He rarely made notes in the field, but on returning from a long and arduous day's tramp through the mountains retired to his room after the evening meal and wrote down the results of the day's work ; thus sparing himself many an erasure of opinions expressed in the morning which further observdtion in the afternoon served to refute. This labor would often occupy him far into the night, but he never omitted it, and his thus thoughtfully compiled notes often became without change, parts of his permanent works. He was one of the few great observers who was also a great 'k- «4PUJ{i''»"~'~ T/imiitiH Sten'y nurd. Frtiscr. 1» g(5ncriili/,or Many pc^fHoiiH who could iiol fully giusi) liis i(l«us Hpoko (Hsparii^iM^ from Alabama to Canada, but ho had well wci^hcMl his words before niakinjr such stato- ments, and further investi<,mtion but serves lo eonllrm their accuracy. rie could see farther into tiie |»lun of coustruetion of llio earth's shell than his ol)servatioiiH would justify him in asserting, and lio chaf i at the restrictions which the slow accumulation of facts condemned him to; still he did not abuse that hii,'hest of research's weapons, the scientilic imaj^ination, but subordinated it iu stating conclusions, and only gave it full play in the recon naissanco wliich precedes nisearch. By Ur. Hunt's death, science is jioorer by one earnest votary, and Americia is deprived of one brilliant and useful son. iJifiHf^*^" dMi ^m taoM