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1 
 
A N 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 TO T *l E 
 
 PEOPLE 
 
 O F • 
 
 England, Scotlandt and Ireland. 
 
 i 
 
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 {Price Sixrpcnce.] 
 
A N 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PEOPLE 
 
 O F 
 
 Enzlandy Scotland^ and Ireland^ 
 
 ON THE PRESENT 
 
 Important Crlfis of A F F A I R S. 
 
 B Y 
 
 CATHARINE MACAULAY. 
 
 The SECOND EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed for EDWAR D and CH ARLES DILLY. 
 
 M.DCCLXXV. 
 
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 ( S ) 
 
 A li 
 
 ADDRESS, ^c. 
 
 TH E advantage of a fecond opportunity 
 to correift a miftake, when the firft 
 has been neglcded, is a happinefs which 
 few individuals, or bodies of men, experi- 
 ence ; and a bleffing which, if it oftener oc- 
 curred in the affairs of life, would enable 
 xnoft of us to avoid the greater part of the 
 mifery which at prefent appears infeparable 
 to the human ftate. 
 
 The Eledors of this kingdom, however, 
 have (hewn themfelves incorrigible, by re- 
 
 A 3 cently 
 
( 6 ) 
 
 cently abiirmg whnt the author of Hoe Pa- 
 triot juftly calls a high dignity, and an im- 
 portant truil ; and this after a ruinous expe- 
 rience of the cffcdls of a former ill-placed 
 confidence. 
 
 ii 
 
 It is not to be fuppofcd, that either the 
 beauty of juflice, the interefts of liberty, or 
 the welfare of individuals, as united to the 
 common good, can have any avail w^ith men, 
 who, at this important criiis of Britifli af- 
 fairs, could rejedl the wife example fet them 
 by the city of London, and the county of 
 Middlefex, in requiring a tell from thofc they 
 eledcd into the reprefcntative office j a teft 
 which, had it been generally taken, and religi- 
 oufly obferved, would have difperfcd the dark 
 cloud which hangs over the empire, rcftored 
 the former fplendor of the nation, and given 
 a renewed Itrength, vigour, and purity, to 
 the Britifh conflitution, ' ' 
 
 Arnortg the body of Ele<ftors, however, 
 there are undoubtedly many who, by the moft 
 
 ..a:'-t .4. -t". cruel 
 
( 7 > 
 
 cruel of undue influences, — that influence 
 which the opulent exert over the needy, have 
 in a manner been conftrained to ad contrary 
 to judgment and inclination ; while there 
 are others who have been mifled by their 
 ignorance, and the fophiftry of men of better 
 underftanding.—- -To thefe, and that large 
 body of my countrymen who are unjuflly 
 debarred the privilege of eledlion, and, ex- 
 cept by petition and remonftrance, have no 
 legal means of oppofing the meafures of 
 government, I addrefs myfelf on the prefent 
 momentous occalion. 
 
 It can be no fecret to any of you, my 
 friends and fellow citizens, that the miniftry, 
 after having exhaufted all thofe ample fources 
 ©f corruption which your own tamenefs under 
 oppreffive taxes have afforded, either fearing 
 the unbiafled judgment of the people, or im- 
 patient at the flow, but fl:eady progrefs of 
 defpotifm, have attempted to wreft from our 
 American Colonifts every privilege neceflfary 
 to freemen ;— privileges wliich they hold 
 
 A 4 from 
 
¥ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ( 8 ) 
 from the authority of their charters, and the 
 principles of the conftitution. 
 
 With an entire fupinenefs, England, Scot- 
 land, and Ireland, have fecn the Americans, 
 year by year, ftrippcd of the mofl valuable 
 of their rights ; and, to the eternal fhame of 
 this country, the ftamp ad, by which they 
 were to be taxed in an arbitrary manner, 
 found no oppofition, except from thofe who 
 are particularly concerned, that the com- 
 mercial intercourfe between Great-Britain 
 and her Colonies fhould meet with no in- 
 terruption. 
 
 With the fame guilty acquiefcence, my 
 countrymen, you have feen the laft Parlia- 
 ment finifli their venal courfe, with paffing 
 two adls for (hutting up the Port of Boflon, 
 for indemnifying the murderers of the inha- 
 bitants of Maffachufets-Bay, and changing 
 their chartered conftitution of government : 
 And to fhew that none of the fundamental 
 principles of oui boafted conftitution are held 
 
 facred 
 
 I 
 
( 9 ) 
 
 facred by the government of the people, the 
 fame Parliament, without any interruption 
 either by petition or remonftrance, pafled 
 another a€t for changing the government of 
 Quebec ; in which the Popifli religion, in- 
 flead of being tolerated as (lipulated by the 
 treaty of peace, is eftabli(hed ; in which the 
 Canadians are deprived of the right to an 
 aflcmbly, and of trial by jury 5 in which the 
 £ngli(h laws in civil cafes are abolished, the 
 French laws eftablifhed, and the crown em- 
 powered to creA arbitrary courts of judica- 
 ture ', and in which, for the purpofe of en- 
 larging the bounds where delpotifm is to 
 have its full fway, the limits of that pro- 
 vince are extended fo as to comprehend thofe 
 vaft regions that lie adjoining to the nor- 
 therly and wcfterly bounds of our colonies. 
 
 The anxious defire of prefervir^ that har- 
 mony which had fo long and Co happily 
 fubfifted between the Parent State and her 
 Colonies, occafioned the Americans to bear, 
 
 with 
 
''^i55BP"'*^^?!'^HMi 
 
 ( 10 ) 
 
 MPith an almoft bla^^eabk patience, the ki^ 
 novations which were continually made on 
 their liberty, 'till the naini^by, who ima- 
 gined theiir moderation proceedted from ig- 
 notancc and cowardice, by diepriving theosi 
 of almoft every part of their rights which 
 remained unviolated, have raifed a fpiiiit be^ 
 yond the Atlantic, which may either recover 
 the cpportunities we have loft of rcftoring 
 the breaches which for near a century have 
 been making in our conftitution, or of link- 
 ing us into the loweft abyfs of national 
 mifery. j . 
 
 ^i 
 
 In thefe times of general difcontent, when 
 almoft every adl of our Governors excites 
 a jealoufy and apprehenlion in all thofe 
 who make the interefts of the community 
 their care, there are feveral amongft us who, 
 dazzled with the fun-fliine of a court, and 
 fattening on the fpoils of the people, have 
 ufed dieir utmofl endeavours to darken your 
 Uiidetflandiiigs on thofe 6ibjie<as, which, at 
 Lcv this 
 
 i 
 
( " ) 
 
 this time, it b particularly your bufinefs tQ 
 be acquainted with. There are others who» 
 whilft they have the words Freedom, Con- 
 ftitutioiiy and Privilege, continually in their 
 mouths, are ufing every mean in their power 
 to render thofe limitations ufelefs, which 
 have from time to time been ereded by our 
 anceftors, as mitigations of that barbarous 
 fyftem of defpotifm impofed by the Norman 
 tyrant on the inhabitants of this illand* , .. 
 
 Thefe men attempt to perfuade you, that 
 thofe who appear the moH: anxious for thq 
 fafety^of their country are the leaft intereiled 
 in its welfare. They have had the infolence 
 to tell you, though in contradidion to the 
 evidence of your feelings, that all goes well, 
 that your Governors faithfully fulfil the 
 duties of their office, and that there are no 
 grievances worthy to be complained of but 
 thofe which arife from that fpirit of fadtion 
 which, more or lefs, muft ever exift in a 
 limited monarchy.— — Thefe men have told 
 
 you. 
 
il 
 
 ( li ) 
 
 you, that you are no judges of the ftate of 
 your political happinefs ; that you are made 
 of too inflammable materials to be truflcd 
 with the knowledge of your injuries, even if 
 you have fuifered any ; and that thofe who 
 appeal to yv. u, do it only with the intention 
 to betray you.-— — They have told you that 
 Quebec, being on the other fide of the At- 
 lantic, it is of little confequence to you what 
 religion is there eflablifhed ; that the Canada 
 bill only fecures to the inhabitants of that 
 province privileges which were ftipulated to 
 them on the yielding the place to the Eng- 
 lifh ; and that thofe are as bad as Papifts, 
 who refufe to any people the enjoyment of 
 
 I J <<j) < ' ' 1 J > V V 
 
 not 11 
 
 iheir religion. ' ^ , • 
 
 Thefe men have attempted to divert 
 you from the exacting a teft as the rule 
 of parliamentary conduit, and to bring 
 into fufpicion thofe who have been willing 
 to enter into falutary engagements : They 
 have told you, that fuch candidates, by 
 1^ more than they were able to 
 ■ir,n.,,h.... perform. 
 
 ■i^i. 
 
T 
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 perform^ only meant to deludb you by an 
 empty clamour of inefFe^al zeal. Thefe 
 men, in aflerting that you arc too profligate, 
 too needy, and too ignorant to be adequate 
 judges of your own bufinefs, endeavour to 
 throw difgrace and contempt on thofe who 
 have made an indefinite promife of obeying 
 the mandates of their conftituents. * ^ ■ .v? 
 
 ■ I*- J- J T 1 
 
 /■ t -^ . # * ^ -♦ *^ ' -1 f » /_. ■ t * . /w '( y , 
 
 ■l.t '^r 
 
 r ■? . T 1 • -J 
 
 Thefe men have aflerted, that unlimited 
 obedience is ftipulated in the acceptance of 
 prot jdtion ; and though fuch an aflertion in- 
 volves you and the fubje<fls of every ftate in 
 unlimited flavery, and unlimited flavery ex- 
 cludes every idea of right and power, yet 
 they have alfo told you, that it is in vindi- 
 cation of your authority that your Governors 
 have exerted an arbitrary power over your 
 brethren m America, 
 
 • i,..i- 
 
 ■ ii.q l«> 
 
 In order to confound your ideas on the 
 merits of the difpute, and to flifle your feel- 
 ings of humanity, they have told you, thdtf" 
 the An^ericans, though neither adequately or 
 
 inadequately 
 
 rJv 
 
*':V.T' 
 
 ( H ) 
 
 inadequately rcprefented in the cafe of taxa- 
 tion, fland On die fame predicament with 
 yourfelves, and that there is no more iijjuf- 
 tice in infliifling a fevere punifhment on the 
 whole town of Boilon, for the fuppofed of* 
 fence of a few of its inhabitants, thaai in the 
 bombarding a town in the pofTeiiion of an 
 enemy, when, by fuch an a6t of hoftility, a 
 few of our own people dwelling in the town 
 might accidentally be deftroyed, -svi .;j: . 
 
 » * I 'J :.-...'' 
 
 ... .. -Vlili 
 
 . This, my friends and fellow citizens, is 
 treating you, indeed^ according to the appel- 
 lations of ignorant and profligate, fo freely 
 given you ; but a^ there are many of you 
 wlio, I truft, deftrve not thefe fevere terms 
 of reproach, I ihall appeal to that meafure 
 of underftanding which the Almighty has 
 given in common to man, a^nd endeavour to 
 convince you of the falfliood of thefe alTer- 
 
 tions* >^' 
 
 ■ 'A J. .J 
 
 : \ >\jl\ ii^i^J.'.. . ' I 
 
 • ^ / ' i •/ 
 
 :.;,- 
 
 ! ' Men who are rid of the numerous ills 
 which narrow circumflanccs occalion, and 
 
 this 
 
( H > 
 
 this by peniions taken from the public trea- 
 fure, may> from a ielfifhaefs infeparable to 
 human nature, fancy that the times cannot 
 be better ; but that tliis is the mere delufion 
 of thofe who rejoice at your expence, your 
 own experience muft, I think, fully (hew 
 you. Let the once-opulent trader, let the 
 flarving mechanic, bear witnefs to this truth, 
 that our commerce has been declining with 
 hafty ileps for thefe laft ten years : — Let the 
 numerous half-familhed poor which we meet 
 at every turn in our flreets ; let the needy 
 gentry, whofe honeft independent anceflors 
 have handed down to them a moderate in- 
 come, and who find that income yearly link- 
 ing from bare fufficiency to poverty, bear 
 witnefs, that the high price of all the necef* 
 faries of life, with the opprefljve burden of 
 our tajfes, are very weighty evils, ,t 
 
 Though men of true virtue, my fellow 
 citizens, (that is, men who have a juft re- 
 gard foi" the rights of nature, for the general 
 happinefs of thfe human fpecies, and for the 
 4 happinefs 
 
n^pw*^ 
 
 
 ( 16 ) 
 
 happincfs pf their countrymen in particular) 
 will not willingly affociate with thofeof loofer 
 principles, yet they will undoubtedly endea- 
 vour to flop the career of that government, 
 whofe impolitic meafures are every day add-' 
 ing numbers to the wretched mafs of the ig- 
 norant, the needy, and the profligate. 
 
 I' 
 
 if 
 
 <!) 
 
 To oppofe government with fuccefs> fuch 
 honefl: individuals mud make ufe of the af- 
 iiftance of the multitude, and confequcntly, 
 of good and bad citizens, of the rich and the 
 poor, the learned and the unleafned> of thq 
 wife and the foolifh, that is, of every man who 
 will co-operate with them in their deiigns, 
 whether he be led to fuch co-operation by th^ 
 principle of juftice, by intereft, or by paflion. 
 
 <••- 
 
 Though Quebec is iituat?4 heypp4 the 
 Atlantic, my fellow citizens, you are ilill to 
 remember that it is part of the Britiih em- 
 pire ; and that, though a toleration of all 
 religions, where fuch indulgence can be ufed 
 with fafety to the welfare of the community, 
 
 is 
 
 'M 
 
 m- 
 
 ti 
 
( '7 ) 
 
 lis undoubtedly laudable, becaufe agreeable 
 to the principles of juftice and the rights 
 of nature, yet the eftablifhment of Popery, 
 which is a very different thing from the to- 
 leration of it, is, for very jufl and wife rea- 
 fons, altogether incompatible v^^ith the fun- 
 damental principles of our conftitution. 
 
 I will, however, wave li fubjedl which muft 
 ever be an invidious one while there are fo 
 many of us in communion with the Roman 
 church, and which is perhaps impertinent, 
 becaufe it carries with it the appearance of z 
 remote danger, while fo many nearer mif- 
 chiefs demand our prefent and our earneil 
 attention. * , 
 
 ^.1 
 
 ^ir 
 
 It is not the eftablifhment 6£ the Popifh 
 religion in Quebec, even to the exclufioii of 
 a toleration to the Proteftants except by fa- 
 vour of the crown, and this at a time when 
 the teft, and other arbitrary ads reftrain-^ t 
 ing the rights of confcience, hang over the' ' 
 heads of our own DifTenters, of which we 
 
 B now 
 
m 
 
 
 now complain.-— Our prefent objc^on Js 
 not to that which the Canadians enjoy, but to 
 that of which they arc deprived.—— -It is 
 not the prefervation, but the violation of the 
 Royal Word, which flands t foremoft in 
 our lift of grievances. 
 
 'my 
 
 <; i' 
 
 :'fb ■ini): 
 
 itiv; 7!uv!:ii "■:> -w 
 
 In the adl for the government of the pro- 
 vince of Quebec, my friends and fellow ci- 
 tizens, we read defpotifm in every linc w ■ 
 
 The deluded Canadians, inftead of beings put 
 in poffeffion of all the privileges and immuni- 
 ties of Englifh fubjects, according to his Ma- 
 jefty's proclamation in. 176.3, are indeed fa- 
 voured with the full pofleffion of their reli- 
 gion, as long as his Majefty, who is at the 
 head of their church, is gracioully inclined 
 to continue to them fuch indulgence; yet 
 in refpe£t both to their civil and religious 
 rig^hts, they are in a more abjedt ftate of fla- 
 very than when they were under the French 
 
 nni iWiih' yr; jnjmi}^;- 
 
 -gQvernmciit. 
 
 ii^iij ic) jr;>r:ui:'"nr vA ,!(fV''^':^..il'f!*> c^r hj^'.- 
 fc; T^ie ponquefts.pf foreign nations are dan* 
 
 v/ii , :i gerous 
 
 m 
 
 Sf 
 
 ; ^ I 
 
( 19 ) 
 
 gtrous triumphs, even to the liberty of rtt* 
 publican fiates ; but in limited monarchies^ 
 when on the conquered are impofed laws, 
 oppoflte and hoilile to the limitations of 
 power in thefe governments, it never fails of 
 fubjedling the conquerors to the fame mea-* 
 fure of flavery which they have impofed on 
 the conquered, ' 
 
 VOln' tM'i. .;t.'-iiv! 
 
 'ijj^' f'.V ■'y.i'ili'J' 
 
 Had the government of Charles the Fifth 
 been confined to the fovereignty of Spain^ 
 the Spaniards^ might to this day have pre- 
 ferved a greater degree of freedom than any 
 other of the European nations4 
 
 It was the Canada bill, and other tntiC* 
 adions of the government, which equally 
 threatened your fecurity and welfare; that 
 engaged the city of London, and the county 
 of Middlefex, to cxadt from thofe they 
 elected into the rcprefentative office, an en- 
 gagement, by which their members Wef<J 
 bound to endeavour, to the utmoft of their 
 abilities, the repeal of the unconilitutional 
 
 B 2 laws 
 
■ r 
 
 mil 
 
 I'M 
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 lav/s refpcding America, which paflcd in the 
 laft fcflion of the laft parHament. And as 
 fcptcnnial parliaments are found to be the 
 root from whence all our political grievances 
 fpring, they were alfo bound to endeavour 
 the reftoration of our ancient Privileges in 
 rcfpedl to the duration of parliaments. 
 
 Surely, my friends and fellow citizens, 
 this is a condudt which, at fuch a crifis of 
 our affairs, was laudable and neceflary ; and 
 a condud; which, if all the cledors of Great- 
 Britain had followed, we fhould not now 
 have been at the eve of a civil war with 
 America; nor fuch an interruption given to 
 our commerce, as threatens the immediate 
 ruin of thoufands of families. . .. 
 
 -^1 
 
 r.'txe 
 
 ' • 1 ! I' } 
 
 
 Surely, in fuch a flate of our affairs, no 
 honefl and enlightened man could have re- 
 fufed binding himfelf to fuch endeavours; 
 tnd though the obeying every mandate of con- 
 
 -*i-(f»-'' '/i -i-i.-t ((■'>• ••»»• •< • ,.'..'.■(>,-•.*■. itituents 
 
 f,j?n )) >: J' . t 
 
 1 
 

 ( 2' ) 
 
 flituents may, in fome very extraordinary con- 
 jun(5ture of opinions and circumftances, be 
 wrong, yet at a time when the repreientatives 
 liad afFedled an entire independency on, or rar 
 ther an ablbhite fovereignty over their conlH- 
 tLients, this might be a fufficient reafon for 
 many worthy men, as a far lefTer evil, to fub- 
 mit to an indefinite obligation of obedience. 
 
 'f.'ii':?r. ••»'• * 
 
 .iif' -i y 
 
 Power is regarded by all men as the great- 
 efl: of temporal advantages. The fupport 
 given to Power, therefore, is an obligation ; 
 and, confcquently, the prote6llon given by 
 governors to fubje<5ts, a pofitive duty. The 
 fubjed: can only be bound to obedience on 
 the confiderations of public good ; but the 
 Sovereign, on thefe conliderations, and a 
 thouland others equally binding, is tied to 
 the exudi obfervance of the laws of that con- 
 llitution under which he holds his power. V 
 
 • M .. ; 
 
 The afiertion that ** the Americans, tho'* 
 '^ neither adequately or inadequately repre- 
 
 B 3 ** fented. 
 
I 
 
 
 ( " ) 
 
 <' fented, fland on the fame predicament 
 ** with yourfclvcs," is too glaring a falfhood 
 to deceive you; and I fhrll not affront you** 
 underftanding fo much as to fancy you can 
 fuppofe that the pofjtive punifhmcnt of the 
 whole town of Bofton for the offence of a 
 few individuals, when thofe individuals might 
 have been profecuted according to law, can 
 be a cafe fimilar to the running the hazard 
 of hurting a few citizens in the attempt of 
 re-taking one of our own towns from the 
 enemy. 
 
 " 'il "-'A,. w-.l., 
 
 » VI' 
 
 i^ -• i < U>» • .' . ' 
 
 I have hitherto endeavoured to prevent your 
 being mifled by the fophiflry of thofe who 
 have an intereft in deceiving you. I fhall 
 now give you fome of the judicious obferva-f 
 tions of one of your beft friends, in regard 
 to the conduct of your government towards 
 America,— ^^ 
 
 ' •.* v'aA 
 
 It iU 
 
 KJ^ I 
 
 *' Before the taxing of the unreprefented 
 ''colonies of America was thought of (fays 
 
 Mr, 
 
 <♦ 
 
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 tt 
 
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 «< 
 
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 tt 
 
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 it 
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 ( 23 ) 
 
 Mr. Burgh*) the Miniftry ought to have 
 reduced exorbitant (lilaries, abated or abo- 
 liflied exceHive perquiiites, annihilated ufe- 
 kfs places, flopped iniquitous penfions, 
 with-held eleiftioneering expenccs, and 
 bribes for votes in the Houfe, reduced 
 an odious an4 devouring army, and taxed 
 vice, luxury, gaming, and public diver- 
 fions ;■ - This would have brought into 
 the treafury ten times more than could 
 have ever been expe<fled from taxing, by 
 force and authority, the unreprclented 
 Colonies. 
 
 " Even a conquered city has time given 
 it to raiie the contributions laid upon it, 
 and may raifc it in its own way. We 
 have treated our Colonies worfc than con - 
 quercd countries. Neither Wales nor 
 Ireland are taxed unheard and unrcpre- 
 fentcd in the BritiHi Parliament, as the 
 r, r, , J -r- '^. . f " Colonies: 
 
 Political D'Tiinilitions page 31;, et fcq. 
 
■::r: 
 
 
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 m 
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 if 
 
 ■I 
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 I 
 
 i: 
 
 ,4 
 
 ;!! 
 
 ( H ) 
 '* Colonies ; ■ ■■■■■Wales fends members to 
 f* parliament, and Ireland has done fo -, and 
 ^* as Ireland is not now reprefented in the 
 ^* Britifh Parliament, neither is it taxed in 
 ^* the Britifh Parliament. . . 
 
 : " It is frivolous to alledge, that becaufe 
 ^' the Mother Country has been at expences 
 ** for the Colonies, therefore the Britilh Par- 
 liament may tax them, without allowing 
 them any legal opportunity of remonftra- 
 ting againft the oppreffion. The Mother 
 Country has fpent her blood and her trea- 
 fure in fupporting, at different times, 
 France againft Spain, and Spain againft 
 France, Pruflia againft Hungary, and 
 Hungary againft Pruflia, and fo on with- 
 ** out end. Does this give our Parliament 
 
 «t 
 
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 a right to tax all Europe ? 
 
 I t ! 
 
 ^it/.-. 
 
 h 
 
 "■ " What difference is there between the 
 ** Britifh Parliament's taxing America, and 
 ** the French Court's laying England 
 
 *f under 
 
in 
 
 .Li 
 
 ( ^S ) 
 
 ** under contribution ? — The French Court 
 •« could but do this if they had conquered 
 ** England. ——Plave we conquered our 
 
 *' Colonies?'* •t!^^>yv 
 
 
 .^7; 1> 
 
 This excellent Author fhews how the A- 
 mericans, if there had been a neceffity for 
 fuch a meafure, might have been taxed' by 
 our Parliament, without violating the right 
 of reprefentation -, but, with the Bifhop of 
 St. Afaph, who fpeaks on this fubjeft in a 
 manner which muft convince every man 
 whofe prejudices are only founded in igno- 
 rance, he is of opinion;, that the moft be- 
 neficial way of taxing the Colonies is the 
 obliging them to an exclulive commerce 
 
 v^ith us. 
 
 idi: 
 
 ,l{hj 
 
 -'I'lii 
 
 IH-H 
 
 lit 
 
 ivj 1 ■ '" r^ trio 
 
 To all the reftridions laid on their trade, 
 
 the Americans declare they will ever readily 
 fubmit ; and this on the generous coniidera- 
 tion that they are fuppofed to be for the be- 
 nefit and advantage of the whole empire. > 
 
 At 
 
mil 
 
 m 
 
 '.'» ' i- ■ 
 
 ! hi * 
 
 i( 26 ) 
 
 < i^t the fame time, my friends and fellow 
 pitizens, the />jiericans declare, that if you 
 will not concur with your own, and their ene- 
 mies, to opprefs them,'— that is, if you will 
 not concur with men whofe every adt of ad- 
 Xniniilration are fo many evidences of a form- 
 ed defign to enflave the whole empire, they 
 will ever efteem an union wit}i yoi| their 
 glory and their happinefs. 
 
 -rrt^.-,.. 
 
 rv-*-- ^ -*- 
 
 That they will be ever ready to contribute 
 ^11 in their power towards the welfare of the 
 empire; and that they will confider your 
 enemies as their enemies, and hold your in^ 
 terefts as dear to them as their own. 
 
 -;■* 'y:-;. 
 
 They exhort you for the fake of that honour 
 and juflice for which this nation was once re- 
 Jiowned, — they intreat you by all thofe ties 
 of common intereft which are infeparable to 
 the fubjedts of free ftates, not to fuffer your 
 enemies to efFe<3: your llavery in their ruin. 
 They fet before you in the ftrongell Colours, 
 
 „ iW- J * . 
 
 ^■- > *«%»A ' 
 
w 
 
 { 27 ) 
 
 all thofe 4ifadvantages which muft attcnii 
 that large independent power the favereigns 
 of Great-Britain will gain by the means of 
 taxing, in an arbitrary manner, the Amcr 
 ficansi — and they invite you, for thefe co» 
 gent reafons, to join with them in every 
 Jegal method to difappoint the (}e%ns of ouc 
 common foes. 
 
 ..*,■■ 
 
 It is not impoifible, that after haying 
 tamely fuffered the government, by a yearly 
 jncreafe of taxes, to beggar yourfelves and 
 your pofterity, you may be led away with the 
 delufive hope, that the Miniftry, when they 
 have the power to pick the pockets of your 
 American brethren, will have the moderaT 
 Uon to fave thofe of theij: countrymen. 
 
 If thcfe are your thoughts, my fellow ci-' 
 tizens, little have you ftudied your own na-- 
 tures, and the experience of all ages ; which 
 piuft have convinced you, that the want of 
 power is the only limitation to the exertion 
 
 of 
 
ill 
 
 hi; 
 
 'l[l 
 
 II 
 
 ( 28 ) 
 
 of human feliiflinefs j but fliould you be con^ 
 tented to bid defiance to the warnings of 
 common policy, — fhould you be contented 
 to be flaves on the hope that the Americans 
 will bear the greater part of the burden of 
 your enormous taxes, — be alTured, that fuch 
 an alternative will never be in your power: 
 — No ', — if a civil war commences between 
 Great-Britain and her Colonies, either the 
 Mother Country, by one great exertion, may 
 ruin both herfelf and America, or the Ame- 
 ricans, by a lingering conteft, will gain an 
 independency j and in this cafe, all thofe ad-? 
 vantages which you for fome time have 
 enjoyed by your Colonies, and advantages 
 which have hitherto preferved you from a 
 national bankruptcy, muft for ever have an 
 end ', and whilfl a new, a flourifliing, and an 
 extenfive empire of freemen is eltablifhed on 
 the other fide the Atlantic, ycu, with the 
 lofs of all thofe bleflings you have received 
 by the unrivdied ftate of your commerce, 
 will be left to the bare polTcflion of your 
 *"■ foggy 
 
 
^ 
 
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 foggy iflands -, and this under the imperious 
 fway of a domeftic defpot, or you will be- 
 come the provinces of fome powerful Euro- 
 pean ilate. 
 
 '( -t- 
 
 <yi 't' 
 
 .'; !'.; 
 
 ■/I t J 
 
 If a long fucceflion of abufed profperity 
 fhould, my friends and fellow citizens, have 
 entirely deprived you of that virtue, the re- 
 nown of which makes you even at this day 
 refpedtable among all the nations of the ci- 
 vilized world; — if neither the principles of 
 jullice or generofity have any weight with 
 you, let me conjure you to take into confide- 
 ration the intereils of your fafety and pre- 
 fervation : — Suffer me again to remind you 
 of the imminent danger of your fituation :— 
 Your Minifters, by attacking the rights of 
 all America, have efFeded that which the 
 malicious policy of more judicious minds 
 would have avoided. Your colonifts, con- 
 vinced that their fafety depends on their 
 harmony, are now united in one ftrong bond 
 of union; nor will it be in the power of a 
 
 Machiavel 
 
.»ll 
 
 ( 3^ ) 
 
 MachkVel t6 t^kt any advantage! o( tho(k 
 feuds and jealotiiies which formerly fubiided 
 among them, and which expofed their liber-^ 
 ties to more real danger than all the fleets 
 and armies we are able to fend againft them. 
 Your Minillers alfo, deceived by prefent 
 appearances, vainly imagine, bccaufe our ri* 
 vals in Eu'rope are encouraging us to en- 
 gage beyond the poffibility of a retreat, that 
 they will rcje<St the opportunity when it 
 offers of putting a final end to the greatnefs 
 and the glory of our empire -, but if, by the 
 nnprudent meafures of the governmenti the 
 public cxpences increafe, or the public in- 
 come decreafe to fuch a degree that the pub- 
 lic revenue fail, and you be rendered unable 
 to pay the interefl: of your debt, then will 
 no longer be delayed the day and the hour of 
 your deftrudlion j— then will you become an 
 eafyprey to the courts of France and Spain* 
 who, you may depend upon it, will fall upon 
 you as foon as they fee you fairly engaged in 
 a war with your Colonics ; and, according 
 
 
 /•Vi^ 
 
 8 
 
 to 
 
 H!:i 
 
If 
 
 i 3» ) 
 
 to what is foretold you in a late publication, 
 that conjun6ture will prove the lateft and the 
 uttermoft of your profperity, pur peace, 
 and, in all probability, of your exiftence, as 
 an independent ftate and nation. 
 
 J k ,^i-..-.%'Y-'^U 
 
 *■*■-» - ^ , 
 
 Roufc, my countrymen ! roufe from that 
 ftate of guilty diflipation in which you have 
 too long remained, and in which, if you 
 longer continue, you are loft for ever. Roufe ! 
 and unite in one general effort i *till, by your 
 unanimous and repeated Addreffes to the 
 Throne, and t6 both Houfes of Parliament, 
 you draw the attention of every part of the 
 government to their Own intercfts, and to the 
 dangerous ftate of the Britifh ettipirc; ' ' •'■ 
 
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 ('■:)■ 
 
 Printed for EDWARD and CHARLES DILLY, 
 ( " New Editions of the following Books, 
 WRITTEN BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
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