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CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
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 ianual 
 
 AND 
 
 PROHIBITIONIST'S HANDBOOK. 
 
 »t 
 
 PROF. GEORGE E. FOSTER. 
 
 Published by the Ontario Branch of the Dominion 
 Alliance for the Total Suppression of the 
 V Liquor Traffic. 
 
 
 „.<?.'• 
 
 PRICE 15c. 
 
 PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE ^^ COMPANY. 
 
 * 1881. ■ 
 
 i! 
 
 I 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
THE 
 
 l/tnadtt |, 
 
 .emperanrc 
 
 AND 
 
 PROHIBITIONIST'S HANDBOOK. 
 
 BY 
 
 FROF. GEORGE E. FOSTER. 
 
 Published by the Ontario Branch of the Dominion 
 Alliance for the Total Suppression of the 
 
 Liquor TrafBc. 
 
 PRICE 16o. 
 
 PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & COMPANY. 
 
 1881. 
 
 » 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 -«-•-»- 
 
 INTRODUCTORY Pages 3-5 
 
 CHAPTER I.— The nature of the Act— Government by the People— Xon- 
 partizan— Majority sentiment — Revenue objection— Manufacturing in- 
 terests — Dealers' interests— The Community's interest — Educational 
 tendency Pages 6-10 
 
 CHAPTER II.— The provisions of the Act— Prohibitions— Penalties— Pro- 
 secutions — Appeals— Evidence — Enforcement Pages 10-16 
 
 CHAPTER III — How the Act has been received — Counties and Cities voted 
 — Its enforcement— J^'redericton — Woodbtock — St. Stephen, Pages 17-26 
 
 CHAPTER IV. — Prohibition in Maine— History of Law— Individual tes- 
 timonies — Official Evidence— 6rfo6g Correspondents— Anti-Prohibition- 
 ist's Testimony— Prohibitionist's Testimony Pages 26-39 
 
 CHAPTER v.— Prohibition in Masgachusetts— History of Law— Testi- 
 mony to its effects— License Law of 1868 and Testimony as to its re- 
 sults—Official statistics — The Test of 1874 and 1877 — Conclusion 
 
 KcmVs Pages 39-49 
 
 CHAPTER Vt — Other examples of Prohibition— Bessbrook— Tyrone — 
 gjcN.. Sunday closing in Ireland and Scotland — Canterbury — English estates — 
 Low M<»or — Shaftesbury Park — Saltaire -Vermont — Potter County — 
 Maryland— Vineland — Carrol County — Edward's County — Geneial sur- 
 vey Pages 50-OR 
 
 CHAPTER VII. — Comparative stafstics — Ontario's crime — Maine's crime 
 — The two compared— anada and Maine — Hamilton, Belleville, Tor- 
 onto, liangor, Portland, Lewiston and Auburn compared — Maine and 
 Connecticut— Maine and other States Pages 66-75 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. -Objections answered -Partial Prohibition—The Dun- 
 kin Act— The Barley Question— Sobriety by Act of Parliament — Tyran- 
 nical and un-British Pages 76-91 
 
 CHAPTER IX. — Objections answered — Ruin to the country — Revenue 
 and Taxes— Mural Suasion sufficient — Compe sation— Ri^ht of Search 
 Piges 92-99 
 
 CHAPTER X.— Questions and answers —Barley — Cider— Outside purchase 
 — Rich and Poor— Maine's 17,8U0 arrests - Insanity Search right — Ho- 
 tels— T».xe8— Market Pages i,9-103 
 
 CONCLUSION Pages 103-108 
 
THE 
 
 Canah Cemprance pianiial 
 
 AND 
 
 PROlIIBITIONISrS HANDBOOK. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 IN Canada, as in all Anglo-Saxon countries, the advance 
 in temperance sentiment has been very marked and 
 rapid during the last thirty years. This may be readily 
 perceived by a comparison of the individual and social 
 habits of tlie people of to-day with those of the preceding 
 generation. It will be equally evident, if we inspect the 
 statute provisions for the regulation or suppression of the 
 traffic in intoxicating liquors, and notice their uniform 
 tendency towards increasing stringency. Long before Con- 
 federation, the opinion was wide spread through the 
 various Provinces, that existing license laws had failed to 
 supply the needed check, and that steps must betakeneither 
 to increase their efficiency, or to replace them by prohibit- 
 ory enactments. In Nova Scotia, the necessary pre-requisite 
 of obtaining the signatures of two-thirds of the ratepayers 
 in the district, before a license could be granted, has had the 
 virtual effect of outlawing the traffic ; so that in many of 
 its counties no licenses for the sale of liquor have been 
 granted for ten, fifteen, twenty, and, in the case of Yar- 
 mouth County, for forty years. In New Brunswick, the 
 
 ^' 
 
 Jm 
 
4l CANADA TEMrERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 popular feeling was exemplified in the tnactment of a I pi 
 prohibitory law, in 1855, but which, owing to political ' ' de 
 complications, was repealed before it had any fair chance th 
 
 of proving effective. The License Laws thereafter were m 
 
 year by year increased in stringency, and the scope and 
 influence of the traffic gradually diminished. In Ontario 
 and Quebec, the Temperance Act of 18G4 gave power to 
 municipalities to refuse license by a vote of the Council or 
 the ratepayers ; and, under its provisions, many counties 
 declared for the principh; of prohibition by overwhelming 
 majorities. A.fter the Union of the Provinces, in 18G7, a 
 strong agitation was commenced for the enactment of a 
 general prohibitory law for the Dominion of Canada, and 
 this agitation bore fruit in 1873-4-5, in the presentation of 
 petitions to the Canadian Parliament, representing a total 
 of more than 500,000 petitioners, praying for the enact- 
 ment of such a law. In 1874, Parliament authorized the 
 appointment of two commissioners to make a thorough 
 investigation into the working and result::, of prohibition 
 in various States of the United States, and these brought 
 back, and presented for consideration, a most valuable 
 collection of facts and statistics altogether in favour of 
 prohibitory as compared with license legislation. Reports 
 recommending the enactment of a prohibitory law for the 
 Dominion of Canada were submitted by the Select Com- 
 mittee of the Senate and Commons, and adopted by both 
 Houses. 
 
 The question as to jurisdiction was, however, in the 
 way. It was doubtful as to whether the Dominion or the 
 Provincial Legislatures had authority to prohibit the sale 
 of intoxicating liquors, and this doubt hampered all efforts 
 in the direction of prohibitory legislation in either Local 
 or General Legislatures. 
 
 At last, in 1878, the Canada Temperance Act was intro- 
 duced by the Mackenzie Government, snd, after full dis- 
 cussion, was passed on its second readirg without a divi- 
 sion. This Ad, although not all that temperance peo- 
 
a 
 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 pie wish, nor yet all that the exigencies of the case 
 demand, is yet generally acquiesced in as the best under 
 the present circumstances, and a long stride toward ulti- 
 mate complete prohibition. 
 
 The legality of the Act has been tested in tiie Courts, 
 and, in 1880, was confirmed by the Supreme Court of 
 Canada, with but one judge dissenting. This settles its 
 constitutionality, as far as Canadian tribunals are con- 
 cerned ; and, although the Privy Council of Great Britain 
 has yet to give its decision on an appeal lately taken from 
 the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, little fear is enter- 
 tained that the ruling of our Supreme Court will be set 
 aside. 
 
 Three attempts have been made in Parliament to im- 
 pair the efficiency of the Act. In 1880, the Boultbee amend- 
 ment, which provided that, before the Act can be adopted, 
 it shall receive a majority of the whole number of votes 
 on the Voters' Lists, was carried through the House of 
 Commons, but defeated in the Sanate. In 1881, it was 
 auain introduced into the Commons, but thrown out by a 
 signiHcant vote of 82 to 54. In 1881, the Almon amend- 
 ment, wh^ch proposed to exempt from the operation of the 
 Act malts and wines having less than 10 per cent, of alco- 
 hol, passed die Senate by a vote of 28 to 26, but was not 
 suffered to come to a vote in the Commons. 
 
 Up to the present time (June 30th, 1881), the Act has 
 been voted upon in three cities and twenty-five counties 
 of Canada, and has been adopted in two cities and twenty- 
 two counties by an average majority of about three to one. 
 
 Office ofthk Ontario Branch of 
 THE Dominion Atliancje. 
 
 Hamilton, July Ijth, 1881. 
 

 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE NATURE OF THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT, 
 
 It is a Local-Option Prohibitory measure, and can be 
 applied to any city or county upon a majority vote of 
 the electors. As such it possesses many advantages. 
 
 1. It is "government by the people and for the people." 
 
 A county or city to a large extent adniinisters its own 
 affairs and bears its own expenses. Nothing touches its 
 interests so closely as the traffic in liquors within its 
 borders. This traffic burdens it with pauperism, taxes it 
 for crime, degrades it by dissipation, curses it with idle- 
 ness and vice, and disturbs, to a greater or less extent, 
 every department of its industry and activity. With re- 
 gard to such a potent factor it is but fair that the 
 county or city should have the right to either condemn 
 or approve it. If the people think that licensed bars 
 should not be allowed in their midst, and that their fami- 
 lies should not be exposed to these ruinous influences, who 
 s'lall say that, as the ones most nearly interested, they 
 should be deprived of the right of saying so ? And on 
 what principle of popular government can it be contended 
 that a small minority of sellers tinancially interested in 
 tie profits of their sale, shall be allowed to force their 
 traffic on a majority whose homes and best interests are 
 exposed to constant risk ? The Canadian Legislature re- 
 cognised this right of a community to protect itself and 
 embodied it in this Act. The principle in itself is sound. 
 It asks nothing more than that the wishes of the majority 
 of leojal voters as expressed at the ballot-box shall be re- 
 spected, and so is free from all charge of fanaticism. 
 
 2. It is non-partisan : 
 
 It takes the whole question out of the range of party 
 politics. The issue is simply " Prohibition " or " License," 
 free from any complications of men or measures. In no 
 
 1 
 
THE NATURE OF THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 other way can so pure and fair an expression of opinion 
 be gained from the electorate. Any one who has watclied 
 the course of Temperance legislation in the United States 
 knows that its greatest bane has been the partyism that 
 has been mingled with it, either in its enactment or its 
 enforcement. The Canada Temperance Act lias happily 
 avoided this rock of peril, and in its inception as well as 
 its methods of working is as fully removed from the dis- 
 tractions of party as it possibly can be. 
 
 3. It carries with it a majority sentiment : 
 
 It has the advantage of thorou'jh discussion before 
 the electorate. It is canvassed in all its beatings. The 
 puhl'2 mind is awakened and the matter is thoroughly 
 considered. A conclusion thus reached and made authori- 
 tative at the polls stands the best chance tor full and 
 effective enforcement. Those who vote for it will not be 
 likely to permit its violation. The law goes into ctFect 
 as an expression of the best and newest and strongest 
 thought upon the question in the county or city where 
 it is to be worked. 
 
 4. It Tiv'xts the question of revenue in the easiest possi- 
 ble manner : 
 
 A General Prohibitorv Law would oblijxe the Finance 
 Minister of the Dominion to make good an immediate 
 yearly deticit of from four to five millions of dollars. 
 This would to very many minds be an almost insuper- 
 able difficulty, and would certainly decrease the chances 
 of obtaining such a law. But in this, the revenue gradu- 
 ally diminishes as constituency after constituency stops 
 the sale and decreases the consumption of alcoholic li- 
 quors, and thus gradually adapts itself to the changed 
 conditions. Increased thrift and savinof result in in- 
 creased consumption of dutiable goods, and increased 
 accumulation of wealth and resources. This gradual pro- 
 cess, extended over a series of years, will be found to solve 
 
8 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 the problem of revenue without detriment to the Govern- 
 ment and with incalculable improvement to the country. 
 
 5. It best meets the objection as to manufacturing 
 
 interests : 
 
 A Total Prohibitory Law would render the breweries 
 and distilleries useless and throw large investments of 
 funds back upon the hands of their owners, and the cry 
 of " vested interests " would at once be raised. The pre- 
 sent mode of procediire does not directly interfere with 
 these. It gives the people of the municipality a right to 
 say, not whether the product of the brewery and distil- 
 lery shall be consumed, but whether it shall be sold or 
 not in their limits ; and so merely constrains the manu- 
 facturer to find other markets and to measure his produc- 
 tion by the volume of demand. It leaves to him the 
 outside market, and gradually diminishes the home de- 
 mand. And surely if a community comes to the conclu- 
 sion that it is best for it not to trade in the wares of 
 the manufacturer, it ought to have the right to say so, 
 and the manufacturer must simply take his products 
 where he can find unrestricted sale. In this way the 
 property of the brewer and distiller is not rendered use- 
 less to him at once — it is only made a little less profitable 
 each year — and when it becomes profitless he can change 
 it for some other as business men have to do the world 
 over. No Prohibition Act could deal more gently with 
 the makers of liquors. 
 
 6. It is reasonable with the dealers thtmselves. 
 
 An opportunity is given them in each community to 
 demonstrate the necessity iu\d usefulness of their occupa- 
 tion, and if they can succeed in proving this to the satis- 
 faction of the Klecturate they are secured in theii traffic. 
 But, if they fail to do this, the arbitrament of the people, 
 after a full discussion, ought surely to be allowed. Even 
 then the sellers are given full time to unload their stocks 
 
THE NATURE OF THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT. 
 
 and prepare for the change. In no case can the Act go 
 into operation in less than five months after its adoption, 
 and generally it is a full year or more. No licenses are 
 revoked or annulled. The dealers get all they have paid 
 for imder terms of their licenses, and are simply adver- 
 tised by the conununity that when their present licenses 
 expire they will not be renewed, and that no further con- 
 tracts will be made. It deals wholly with the public sale 
 for beverage purposes — does not forbid or interfere with 
 the rights of individuals to use liquors. 
 
 7. It deals fairly tulth the community. 
 
 It does not deny the sale of alcohol for necessary pur- 
 poses : for medicine, for mechanical or chemical purposes, 
 or for sacramental use. No disease shall go without alcohol 
 for a remedy if the physicians deem it requisite. No arts 
 or part of the world's work shall be hampered by being 
 deprived of it. If Christian Churches wish to use alco- 
 holic wine at the Communion, they can readily obtain it. 
 
 It goes into no person's home and dictates to him what 
 he shall use upon his table. It allows him to buy and 
 use what liquor he wants, and as he wants it. It simply 
 says to him : — " Sir, the public sale of diink in the Dram- 
 shop is fraught with vast evil to oui* community, and is 
 full of temptation to drunkenness and crime. If you wish 
 to use liquor you may do so ; but in deference to the best 
 interests of the community we ask you to be kind enough 
 to put up with the inconvenience of buying it somewhere 
 outside of our community." 
 
 And surely no reasonable man can object to that, when 
 he considers, on the other hand, the ruin of many which 
 must inevitably result, if he is successful in his demand 
 for having public sale in the community and thus retain- 
 ing the temptation. 
 
 8. It is a constant means of education. 
 
 A General Prohibitory Law would be settled by one 
 campaign, or given without a popular vote by the Legis- 
 
10 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 lature. This takes up county by county, city by city, 
 and so keeps the subject constantly before the country. 
 In this continual aofitation the best and newest thouorht 
 comes into play, fresh decisions of intelligent electorates 
 give voice to the popular feeling, and apathy becomes im- 
 possible. As a means of education and interect, the Act 
 is a double blessing. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE PROVISIONS OF THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT. 
 
 " In this Act the expression ' intoxicating liquor ' means 
 and comprehends any and every wine, and any and every 
 combination of liquors or drinks that is intoxicating." 
 
 The Act can he adopted by any city, or county in Can- 
 ada ; and the word county, for the purposes of the Act, 
 " includes every town, township, parish and other division 
 or municipality, except a city, within the territorial lim- 
 its of the county, and also a union of counties when united 
 for municipal purposes." 
 
 The electors for the purposes of the Act are, all persons 
 within the county or city qualified to vote therein at the 
 election of a member of the House of Commons. 
 
 In order to bring the Act to a vote, a petition must be 
 signed by at least one-fourth of the legal voters in the mu- 
 nicipality, which petition, after having been duly deposited 
 for ten daj^^s in the office of the Sheriff or Registrar, is to 
 be forwarded to the Secretary of State for Canada, 
 thereupon the Governor General in Council examine the 
 petition, and if they approve it, give official notice of a 
 day upon which the electors may vote for or against the 
 petition for the adoption of the Act. 
 
THE PROVISIOKS OF THE CANADA TEMPEllANCE ACT. 11 
 
 If more than half of all the votes polled are for the 
 petition, the same shall be held to have been adopted, 
 and shall be so returned to the Governor-General in 
 Council. 
 
 The Governor-General in Council may then, at any time 
 after the expiration of 00 days from the day on which the 
 petition was adopted, by Order in Council published in 
 the Canada Gazette, declare that the Act shall be in force 
 and take effect in the county or city from and after the day 
 on which the annual or semi-annual licenses for the sale 
 of spirituous liquors, then in force in such county or city, 
 will expire ; but such date must be at least 90 days from 
 the date of such Order in Council ; if not, then the Act is 
 not to come into force until the like day in the then fol- 
 lowing year. 
 
 Note. — Suppose, for explanation's sake, the licenses expire on the 1st of 
 May, 1882, and that the Order in Council is proclaimed on the Ist day of 
 February, 1J>82. 'Ihe interval between these dates would comprise only 89 
 days. The Act would not therefore come into force until May 1st, 1883, 
 
 If in any county or city one half or more of all the 
 votes polled have been against the petition, the petition 
 shall be declared not adopted, and no similar vote can be 
 put to the electors of said county or city for a period of 
 three years froTYi the day on which such vote was taken. 
 
 If the Act is proclaimed in force, no vote can be taken 
 for its repeal within three years from the day on which 
 it came into force. 
 
 PROHIBITIONS. 
 
 When the Act has been adopted and proclaimed in 
 force, the retail sale of all intoxicating liquors for use as 
 beverages, is at once and entirely stopped ; all bars are 
 closed, and no licenses therefor can be issued. 
 
 The sale of alcoholic compounds is allowed for three 
 purposes : — medical, sacramental and mechanical ; and 
 vtndors, not to exceed one in each township, two in each 
 town, or one for each 4000 inhabitants in cities, are ap- 
 
12 
 
 CAI^At>A TEMPERANCE MANUAL; 
 
 pointed by the Lieutenant-Governor for this pui'pose. 
 The conditions of sale lor each of these purposes are very 
 strict and such as to eftectually guard against any abuse. 
 
 The following parties are allowed to sell by wholesale, 
 but only to the vendors mentioned in the above paragraph, 
 or to such persons as shall forthwith carrj^ the same beyond 
 the limits of the county or city, or of any adjoining 
 county or city which is under the Act, viz. : manufac- 
 turei's of cider, licensed distillers or brewers, companies 
 incorporated to carry on the business of cultivating grapes 
 and manufacturing wine therefrom, and persons exclu- 
 sively erigvaj^cd in a wholesale trade, and licensed by the 
 county or city to sell liquors by wholesale. 
 
 The smallest quantity which can be sold by wholesale 
 is, for beer, eight gallons ; for all other liquors, ten gallons. 
 Whenever cider, distilled, or malt liquors are thus sold by 
 those producing them, it must be only at the place of 
 manufacture, and in all the above cases the burden of 
 proof lies with the sellers to furnish satisfactory evidence 
 that the liquors sold were to be carried forthwith outside 
 the limits of the city or county, or of an adjoining city 
 or county under the Act for consumption outside the 
 same. 
 
 Manufacturers of pure native wines made from grapes 
 grown by them in Canada, may also sell their wines at 
 the place of making, but only in quantities of not less 
 than ten gallons (except for medical or sacramental pur- 
 poses when any quantity from one to ten gallons may be 
 sold), and only when duly licensed thereto by the muni- 
 cipality. 
 
 The adoption of the Act therefore entirely prohibits 
 the retail of all intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes 
 within the limits of the city or county under the Act, 
 All bars, shops, tippling places and shebeens are to be 
 closed — temptations are removed ; it allows the sale, under' 
 strict regulations, for medical, sacramental and mechanical 
 purposes ; it limits the wholesale traffic to customers who 
 
 I • 
 
THE PROVISIONS OF THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT. 13 
 
 shall forthwith carry the liquor outside the limits of the 
 city or county, or of an adjoining city or county which 
 may he under the Act. 
 
 The single exception is in the case of persons who make 
 pure native wines from grapes grown by themselves in 
 Canada. These can sell only hy luholesale, and only then 
 if they obtain license therefor from the municipality. 
 
 PENALTIES. 
 
 Any person who by himself, his clerk, servant or agent 
 violates the above provisions of the Act shall be liable on 
 summary conviction : for the first offence, to a penalty of 
 not less than $50 ; for the second offence, to a penalty of 
 not less than $100 ; and for every subsequent offence to 
 imprisonment not exceeding two months. 
 
 AH intoxicating liquors in respect to which the offence 
 has been committed, and all kegs, barrels, cases, bottles, 
 pcckages or receptacles in which the same are contained 
 shall be forfeited. 
 
 All offences are to be prosecuted as directed by the 
 " Act resj)ecting the duties of Justices of the Peace out of 
 Sessions in relation to Summary Convictions and 
 Orders " so far as no other provision is made in the 
 Act itself, and all the provisions contained in the said 
 Act shall be af)plicable to such prosecutions, and to the 
 Judicial and other officers before whom the same are 
 authorized to be brought. 
 
 PROSECUTIONS. 
 
 Prosecutions may be brought : 
 
 In the Province of Quebec : — Before the Recorder or 
 Judge of the Sessions of the Peace of Montreal or Quebec, 
 for offences committed in these cities ; before a Stipen- 
 diary Magistrate or any two Justices of the Peace for the 
 district wherein an offence has been committed, in any 
 
14 
 
 THE CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 other part of the Province ; or before the Sheriff of any 
 district outside of Quebec or Montreal. 
 
 In Ontario : — Before any Stipendiary Magistrate, any 
 two Justices of the Peace of the County City or District 
 where the offence was committed, or before the Police 
 Magistrate or Mayor of any County, City or Town. 
 
 In Nova Scotia : — Before a Stipendiary Magistrate or 
 any two Justices of the Peace of the County in which 
 the offence was commitced. 
 
 In New Brunswick : — before any Police, Stipendiary 
 or Sitting Magistrate, or Commissioner of a Pfirish Court, 
 or any two Justices of the Peace in and for the County in 
 which the offence was committed. 
 
 In Manitoba : — before the Police Magistrate or two 
 Justices of the Peace in whose territorial jurisdiction or 
 County the offence was committed. 
 
 In British Columbia : — before any Stipendiary Magis- 
 trate, or any other two Justices of the Peace for the juris - 
 tion within whose limits the offence was committed. 
 
 In Prince Edward Island : — before the Stipendiary 
 Magistrate fcr the city or town, or any other two Justices 
 of the Peace of or for the County in which the offence was 
 committed. 
 
 When prosecutions are brought before a Stipendiary 
 Sitting or Police Magistrate, Recorder, Judge of Sessions 
 of the Peace, Sheriff, Commissioner or Mayor, no other 
 Justice shall sit or take fjart. 
 
 Prosecutions shall be commenced within three months 
 after the alleged offence, and shall be heard and determined 
 in a summary manner, either upon confession of the de- 
 fendant, or the evidence of a witness or witnesses. 
 
 ' APPEALS. 
 
 No appeal shall be allowed from any conviction, judg- 
 ment or order when the conviction has been made by a 
 Stipendiary, Sitting, or Police Magistrate, Recorder, Judge 
 
THE PROVISIONS OF THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT. 15 
 
 of the Sessions of the Peace, Sheriff or Commissioner of 
 Parish Courts. 
 
 FACILITATION OF EVIDENCE AS TO OFFENCE. 
 
 In describing oiTences in any proceedings, it shall not be 
 necessary to state the name, kind or price of the liquor, or the 
 person to whom it was sold, or the quantity disposed of 
 
 The presence of a bar, counter, beer-pumps, kegs, or 
 other appliances or preparations similar to those usually 
 found in places where liquors are accustomed to be sold, 
 in conjunct jn with distilled or fermented liquors, shall 
 be taken as 'prima facie evidence of illegal sale. 
 
 In proving the unlawful disposal of liquors, it shall not 
 be necessary to show that any money actually passed, or 
 any liquor was actually consumed, if the Courtis satisfied 
 that a transaction in the nature of a sale or bargain or 
 other unlawful disposal really took place. 
 
 A witness is not required to depose to the precise de- 
 scription of liquor sold, or the precise consideration giv- 
 en therefor, or that the sale took place with his partici- 
 pation, or to his own personal knowledge ; but the 
 Court shall, so soon as it seems evident to it that an in- 
 fraction of the law has taken place, put the defendant on 
 his defence, and in default of his rebuttal of such evidence, 
 shall commit him accordingly. 
 
 The person opposing or defending, or the wife or hus- 
 baiwl of such person, shall be competent and compellable 
 to give evidence in any proceeding. 
 
 A warrant for search, may be issued by a Stipendiary, 
 Police or Sitting Magistrate, Commissioner of Parish 
 Court, Recorder, Judge of the Sessions of the Peace, 
 Sheriff', Mayor, or one of the Justices before whom any 
 prosecution for an offence is brought, when it is provtd 
 upon oath by a credible witness, that there is reasonable 
 cause to suspect that the liquor, in respect to which such 
 offence has been committed, is anywhere concealed. 
 
16 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 If the person so charged is convicted of the offence, then 
 the liquor which has beer, brought before the Court by 
 virtue of the search warrant, is to be destroyed up to 
 twenty gallons in quantity, — if over twenty gallons, the 
 excess is to be forfeited, with ail receptacles and appai*- 
 atus found. 
 
 In addition to the above, all methods of procedure and 
 evidence as provided for by the " Act respecting the du- 
 ties of Justices of the Peace out of Sessions in relation to 
 summary convictions and orders " are enacted as specially 
 applicable to this Act. 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE ACT. 
 
 A prosecution may be brought by any person, or in the 
 name of any person. 
 
 A prosecution may be brought by or in the name of the 
 Collector of Inland Revenue, within whose official divi- 
 sion the offence was committed. 
 
 It shall be the duty of such Collector of Inland Revenue 
 to bring a prosecution whenever he shall have reason to 
 believe that any offence has been committed, and a pro- 
 secution therefor can be sustained. 
 
 In Ontario, the enforcing machinery of the Crooks' Act 
 is applied to the Canada Temperance Act wherever 
 carried. The Board of Commissioners and Inspector of 
 Licenses have all power under the Canada Temperance 
 Act that they -possess under the Crooks' Act. As to the 
 Inspectors so appointed under the Canada Temperance Act 
 their duties are defined as follows : — " It shall be the duty 
 of every Inspector of Licenses in each municipality to see 
 that the several provisions of this Act are duly observed, 
 and to proceed by information and otherwise to prosecute 
 for the punishment of any offence against the provisions 
 of this Act, and in case of wilful neglect or default in so 
 doing in any case, such Inspector shall incur a penalty of 
 $10 for each and every such neglect or default." 
 
CHAPTER I.:. 
 
 HOW THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT HAS BEEN RECEIVED. 
 
 It is a reasonable question for us to ask how the peo- 
 ple of the various counties and cities of Canada in which 
 the Act has been submitted have received it. If we find 
 the electors, after a full canvas of its merits and demerits, 
 throwing it aside, we may fairly assume either that the 
 public mind is not ready for so advanced a measure, 
 or that the measure itself is considered defective. Let us 
 look at the facts. The Act was first brought to a vote in 
 Fredericton, the capital city of New Brunswick. Great 
 interest was evoked, and the subject was thoroughly dis- 
 cussed in a long and active campaign. Both parties were 
 carefully organized, the city was completely canvassed 
 and all felt that the result would not only test the rea- 
 sonableness of the measure, but powerfully influence 
 all future contests. When the ballots were counted on 
 the evening of Oct. 31st, 1878, it was found that the num- 
 l)er of votes polled had been large, and that the electors 
 of the city had adopted it by a vote of two to one. Since 
 then it has been passed in nine out of the fifteen counties 
 in New Brunswick, in the whole Province of Prince 
 Edward Island, in six out of the eighteen counties of 
 Nova Scotia, in two counties of Ontario, and two counties 
 in Manitoba. Up to May 14th, 188 1, the Act has been sub- 
 mitted in 28 cities and counties of Canada and adopted 
 in 24 of these. Stanstead and Megantic, in Quebec, 
 Hamilton and Went worth, in Ontario, did not succeed in 
 carrying it. The following is a statement of constituen- 
 cies in which elections have been held under the Canada 
 Temperance Act, 1878, showing the number of votes 
 polled in each case : 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
18 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 CONSTITUENCY. 
 
 Fredericton, N. B 
 
 York, N. B 
 
 Prince, P. E. I 
 
 Carleton, N. B 
 
 Charlotte, N. B 
 
 Charlottetown, P. E. I.. . 
 
 Albert, N.B 
 
 Kings, P. E. I 
 
 liumbton, Ont 
 
 Date of Election. 
 
 31 Oct., 1878 
 28 Dec, 1878 
 
 28 Dec, 1878 
 21 April, 1879 
 14 March, 1879 
 24 April, 1879 
 21 April, 1879 
 
 29 May, 1879 
 29 May, 1879 
 23 June, 1K79 
 
 3 July, 1879 
 
 No. of votes 
 
 Polled. 
 
 For Ag'nst 
 
 Kings, N. B 
 Queens, N. B 
 
 Westmoreland, N.B { 11 September, 1879 
 
 Northumberland, N.B 2 Septen^ber, 1880 
 
 Megantic, P.O..... | 11 September, 1879 
 
 Stanstead, P. Q 
 
 .Queens, P. E. I. 
 Marquette, Ma . . 
 
 Digby, N. S 
 
 Queens, N. S 
 
 Sunbury, N. B. . 
 Shelburne, N. S. 
 
 J.isgar, Ma 
 
 Hamilton, Ont . . 
 
 Kings, N. S 
 
 Hal ton, Ont. 
 
 Annapolis, N. S. 
 Wentworth. Ont. 
 Colchester, N. S. 
 
 21 June, 1880 
 
 22 Sept., 1880 
 27 Sept., 1880 
 
 8 Nov., 1880 
 3 Jan, 1881 
 17 Feb., 1881 
 17 March. 1881 
 7 April, 1881 
 
 13 April, 1881 
 
 14 April, 1881 
 19 March, 1881 
 19 March, 1881 
 22 March, 1881 
 13 May. 1881 
 
 403 
 
 203 
 
 1229 1 
 
 214 
 
 2U62 
 
 271 
 
 1215 
 
 69 
 
 867 
 
 149 
 
 827 
 
 253 
 
 718 
 
 114 
 
 1076 
 
 59 
 
 2567 
 
 2352 
 
 798 
 
 245 
 
 500 
 
 315 
 
 1U82 
 
 299 
 
 875 
 
 673 
 
 372 
 
 841 
 
 760 
 
 941 
 
 1317 
 
 99 
 
 612 
 
 195 
 
 944 
 
 42 
 
 763 
 
 85 
 
 132 
 
 41 
 
 807 
 
 1.54 
 
 247 
 
 120 
 
 1661 
 
 2«11 
 
 1477 
 
 108 
 
 1483 
 
 1402 
 
 nil 
 
 114 
 
 1611 
 
 2202 
 
 1418 
 
 184 
 
 Many other counties in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, 
 Manitoba and Ontario are either far advanced with their 
 petitions, or are taking steps towards submitting the Act. 
 
 The Canada Temperance Act has been well received. 
 
 CAN THE ACT BE ENFORCED ? 
 
 There are two ways in which one may test this. 
 
 1. What are the provisions made in the Act itself for 
 its enforcement ? 
 
 2. What are the practical results of the working of the 
 Act? 
 
 As to the first point it will be seen that the Act has 
 fair and reasonable machinery for its enforcement. 
 
HOW THE C. T. A. HAS BEEN RECEIVED. 
 
 19 
 
 (a) The penalties are sufficient — not less than $50 for 
 the tirst offence, not less than .$100 for the second ott'ence, 
 and imprisonment for each subsequent offence. 
 
 (6) The evidences are made sufficient and easily attain- 
 able. The fact that appliances and apparatus are found 
 with liquors is prima facie evidence of sale ; it is not 
 necessary to prove the kind of liquor sold, nor the passage 
 of money, but to satisfy the court that something- in the 
 nature of a transaction or sale has taken place ; the per- 
 son charged is a compellable witness ; the processes are 
 summary ; no appeal is allowed from the decision of first 
 court except when a charge is brought before two magis- 
 trates ; any person may prefer a comj)laint in his own 
 name, or by or in the name of the Collector of Internal 
 Kevenue. In Ontario the machinery /o/' the enforcement 
 of the Crooks Act is placed behind the Canada Temper- 
 ance Act, the municipalities are authorized to appropriate 
 sums of money, and appoint special officers to look after 
 the enforcement of the law ; and not less than one-third 
 the fines resulting from the punishment of violators of 
 the law, are appropriated to the same purpose. 
 
 (c) Any Provincial Legislature has the power to ap- 
 point officers, inspectors, &c., to look after the law, and 
 to order its police, constables and sheriffs to attend to its 
 enforcement. The Government of P. E. Island has already 
 appointed three inspectors for the Island for this duty. 
 
 {d) Canadians are a law-abiding people, their judges 
 are not elected, nor can they be bribed. 
 
 As to the second question, evidence is herewith pre- 
 sented from places where the Act has been in force. 
 
 I 
 
 FREDERICTOX, N. B. 
 
 {Over 7,000 inhabitants.) 
 
 The Act went into force in this city, May 1, 1879. It continued 
 in active operation until August 12, 1879, when its etiicieucy was 
 almost paralysed by the decision of the Supreme Court of New 
 
80 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 f 
 
 Brunswick declaring' it ultra vires. This paralysis continued until 
 April, 1880, when tlie Supreme Court of Canada atKrnied the con- 
 stitutionality of the Act, and reversed tlie judgment of the ISupreme 
 Court of New Brunswick. Since then the Act has been in continu- 
 ous operation. Herewith wo append testimonies to its working. 
 
 {From the Fulice Magistrate.) 
 
 July 20, 1880. 
 
 As Police Magistrate of the City of Fredericton I have much 
 pleasure in being able to certify to the favourable results of the 
 Caiuida Temperance Act since it came into operation in this city on 
 the Ist of May, 1879, and more especially since the Act was de- 
 clared by the Supreme Court of the Dominion to be within the 
 constitutional powers of Parliament. 
 
 There is no such thing now as the open sale of liquor by re- 
 tail in public houses or saloons ; there is of course, an occasional 
 case of illegal sale discovered and punished. The cases of Street 
 drunkenness are very few indeed and the business at the Police 
 Office arising out of intemperance has been reduced by at least 
 one half • 
 
 1 feel safe in saying that in this city the working of the Act 
 has been such as ought to satisfy the reasonable expectations of 
 all the friends of Temperance- 
 
 John L. Marsh, 
 
 Folice Magistrate. 
 
 {From the Auditor General of N. B.) 
 
 Fredericton, 20th July, 1880. 
 
 Previous to the law coming into operation, we had twenty-two 
 licensed liquor dealers in the city ; all of them making money. 
 These dealers all put on their shutters on the 1st May, and these 
 places of business were closed until the fatal 12th of August, and the 
 law during this period was fairly observed, and the most marked 
 change for the better in the habits of those who were known to 
 drink freely was acknowledged by even opponents of the law. 
 But on the J 2th of August, wuen the Judges decided the law un- 
 constitutional, parties began to sell ; men who had been sober for 
 three months returned to their old haunts and habits ; families 
 which had been reaping the benefit of the law in the sobriety of 
 fathers and sons, were again called upon to suffer- This state of 
 things continued until the Supreme Court of the Dominion reversed 
 the judgment of our Supreme Court. Immediately on this de- 
 cision being received here, all the liquor shops, taverns and saloons 
 were at once closed j and I don't hesitate to say that there has been 
 
HOW THE C. T. A. HAS BEEN RECEIVED. 
 
 21 
 
 no open sale of intoxicating: liquor in this city from that time to 
 the present. A few days ago. coming from St. Jolin to Fredericton, 
 a legal gentleman who frequently comos to the city profession- 
 ally, und who is a very respectable moderate drinker, mid, in 
 conversation with myself and others, that the law was very 
 strictly observed in Fredericton, for he could not procure even a 
 glass of ale. 
 
 New l*arliament Buildings are being erected in this city ; there 
 are eighty to ninety men at work : stonecutters, masons, carpen- 
 ters and toamsters. Work was commenced about the miihlle of 
 May, and the contractor told me a day or two since that only ore 
 man was observed under the influence of liquor during the whole 
 time. The opponents of the law acknowledge that it is doing a 
 great deal of good and that it is well carried out— numbers of 
 men are every day industriously employed who, previous to the 
 passing of the Ace, were notoriously intemperate and who could 
 not resist the temptation if the sale was open. Some of these 
 men have gratefully acknowledged their indebtedness to the 
 law for the benefit they are deriving from it. VVhen the Vice- 
 Uegal party visited this city in August, 187?), before the judgment 
 of the Supreme Court was given, large numbers came in from the 
 adjacent country, as well as from distant ])arts of the Province ; 
 the city was full of strangers; there was not a drunken man to 
 be seen — no quarrelling — no disturbance — all was quiet and orderly. 
 This was noticed and spoken of by a number of gentlemen who 
 were here among the visitors. It would have been the reverse if 
 the rumshops had been open. 
 
 Jas. S. Beek, 
 
 Aud. Gen. of N.B. 
 
 {From Twenty -nine of the Foremost Citizens of Fredericton.) 
 
 Frederkton, N.B., February, 1881. 
 
 We, the undersigned citizens of Fredericton, N. B., are glad to 
 be able to affirm that the Canada Temperance Act has worked well 
 and beneficially in our city. Since the doubts as to its validity 
 (which for a time hampered its operatitjns) were removed by the 
 decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in April last, the Law has 
 been, as well enforced as any law. 
 
 There are no open drinking shops in the city, and that the illegal 
 or secret sale is watched and punished, is clearly shown by the fact 
 thit fines to the amount of many hundred dollars have been col- 
 lected since April, and some dozen offenders have been lodged in jail. 
 
 The right of search has been exercised in but two cases ; both 
 parties were the keepers of beer ahops, and were subsequently fine^ 
 for selling whiskey. 
 
22 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 i '-■ 
 
 In the enforcement of the Law there has been no interference 
 with the rights of any individual ; nothing has been done of which 
 any good citizen can complain. 
 
 Drunken men are rarely seen on the streets, there is a real dim- 
 inution of crimes that always grow of the liquor traffic, and the 
 temptations to drink, which under the license system met the weak 
 and unwary at every turn, no longer exist. These are facts which 
 conclusively establish the beneficent character of the law. The good 
 done by it is apparent to every unprejudiced observer. Those who 
 favoured its adoption are hii^hly satisfied with its working ; and not 
 a few who thought it a doubtful experiment — some, even, who op- 
 posed it — are convinced of its power to check a great evil. 
 
 A. F. Randolph, Manager People's Bank of N. B, ; Theodore H. Rand, 
 Chief Supt. of Education ; J. Steadman, J. C. C. ; Jas. S. Beek, Auditor 
 General, New Brunswick ; Wesley VanWart, Clerk of the Peace, York 
 County; Geo. J. Bliss, Clerk House of Assembly; Chas. H. Lugrin, Bar- 
 rister ; R. Chesnut & Sons, Hardware Merchants ; William Wilson, Bar- 
 rister and Alderman; Geo. Thompson, Assistant Supt. of Education; G. 
 W. Babbitt, Ca«hier Rec.-Genl. ; John Richards, Clerk Asst. Assembly; 
 James A. VanWart, Barrister; A. D. Yerxa, Registrar of Deeds, &c., 
 York County ; E. Evans, Pastor of the Methodist Church and President of 
 the Methodist Conference, N. B. ; J. C. Risteen, Manufacturer; A. J. 
 Mowatt, Minister of St. Paul's Presbyterian ( 'hurch ; Fred P. Thompson, 
 M.P.P. ; G. Goodridge Roberts, Rector of Fredericton; G. E. Fenety, 
 Queen's Printer ; Jno. L. Marsli, Police Magistrate ; Geo. F. Atherton, 
 Chairman Police C^om. ; Jos. McLeod, Pastor of F. B. Church, &c ; Geo. 
 V^ Fenwick, Collegiate School ; Andrew G. Blair, M. P. P. ; Jno. JaF. 
 leaser, M. P.P., Attorney- Genl. of N. B. ; P. McPeake, Postmaster of 
 Fredericton. 
 
 {From the President of the N. B. Methodist Conference — Certified hy 
 
 the Mayor of Fredericton. ) 
 
 Fredericton, N. B., Jan. 31st, 1881. 
 
 In reply to your query respecting the operation of the Temperance 
 Act in this city, I may say that, on the whole, while objection may 
 be made to iSome minor details, the working of the Act has been very 
 satisfactory, more so, in fact, than many of its advocates expected. 
 
 Considering the well organized opposition of interested pjirties, 
 the results achieved have been remarkable. Drunkenness, drunken 
 brawls, robberies, and fires, have been much less frequent than dur- 
 ing a corresponding period in any previous year. 
 
 Its excellence in the prevention of temptation to former inebri- 
 ates and the youthful portion of the community is very great, and 
 its good influence in this respect, 1 believe to be incalculable. 
 
 J fLxa, dear sir, yours truly, 
 
 . . jE, EvAjf9, 
 
 
HOW THE C, T. A. HAS BEEN RECEIVED. 
 
 23 
 
 I can safely certify that the Canada Temperance Act has been 
 very beneficial in ita influence on Society in this city, particularly 
 so, as regards the poorer classes, and I can in the main endorse the 
 remarks of the Rev. Mr. Evans, 
 
 G. Fred. Fisher, 
 
 Mayor. 
 Fredericton, Feb. Ist, 1881. 
 
 I fully endorse the remarks made by Rev. Mr. Evans in regard 
 to the satisfactory working of the Canada Temperance Act in 
 Fredericton. 
 
 W. Wilson, 
 
 Aldermati. 
 Feb. ]4th, 1881. 
 
 STATISTICS OF ARRESTS IN FREDERICTON. 
 
 The following are the official figures sent by the Police 
 Magistrate : — 
 
 1877. Full year of license — Arrests for drunkenness. . Ill 
 
 1878. '' . " " . *' •• 121 
 1870. 4 months license — 8 months imperfect Proh. . . 56 
 1880.4 " imperfect Proh. —8 mo's settled " ..64 
 
 ST. STEPHENS, N. B. 
 
 In St. Stephens, N. B., the Act has been in force since 
 May 1st, 1880. The report is very encouraging. 
 
 1879. May to Dec. under license — Arrests for drunkenness. . 41 
 
 1880. •' " the Act . " " ..4 
 
 Thirteen violators have, in that time, been prosecuted, 
 nine have been convicted and fined an aggregate of $550 ; 
 on<3 cleared out ; two cases were dropped, and one is still 
 undecided. 
 
 The town has, moreover, been able to dispense with one 
 of its two night police, and the poor account for 1880 is 
 $100 less than for 1879, 
 
24 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 WOODSTOCK, AND CARLETON CO., N. B. 
 
 The Editor of the Sentinel writes from Woodstock, N. 
 B., August, 1880 :— 
 
 We have had seven prosecutions, two of thqnj escaped, after convic- 
 tion and imprisonment, on a legal teohnicalily, five were convicted 
 and paid the fines. During the past two weeks not a single case of 
 drunkenness or crime resulting therefrom has been before the 
 police-court. We are satisfied with the Act, and there is not a 
 question but that if the law be fairly enforced it will satisfy the ex- 
 pectations of reasonable temperance men. 
 
 (Letter Endorsed hy the Mayor of Woodstock.) 
 
 Woodstock, N. B., Feb. 1st, 1881. 
 
 A week ago I received your letter anent the temperance law now 
 in force here. In answer, I have but to say that I regard the Scott 
 Act as a most decided improvement upon any previous legislation 
 we have had. Less liquor is consumed here, and one especial fea- 
 ture is that the temptations to drink are no longer openly presented. 
 Some old drinkers that can be trusted, and a certain class that can 
 use doctors and druggists, may be able to get it slyly ; but wher- 
 ever there is good ground for suspicion, there is little difficulty in 
 procuring conviction, as several cases here abundantly prove. My 
 opinion is most unqualifiedly in favour of the law. 
 
 Yours, etc., etc., 
 
 W. Wesley Colpitts, 
 
 Methodist Minister. 
 
 Having read the within letter, I can fully concur in what has been 
 said as to the operation of the Canada Temperance Act in this 
 County. 
 
 R. K. Jones, 
 
 Mayor. 
 
 Woodstock, N. B., Feb. 22nd, 1881. 
 
 Dear Sir, — In answer to your enquiries, I beg to say that after 
 a careful and candid observation of the working of the Canada Tem- 
 perance Act in this town, I am decidedly of the opinion that it is 
 the most effective legal instrumentality we have ever had placed 
 within our reach for the suppression of the evils resulting from the 
 
HOW THE C. T. A. HAS BEEN RECEIVED. 
 
 25 
 
 gale of and indulgence in strong drinks. Here it has closed all the 
 liquor shops, and while not by any means having stopped entirely 
 the illegitimate sale of ardents, it has driven the traffic into such 
 low and disreputable places, that those having any claims to respec- 
 tability refuse to follow it, and are therefore constrained to be 
 temperate. I believe that, in any community where the people are 
 true to themselves, and to the interests of God and humanity in- 
 volved, with the Canada Temperance Act in force, rum selling may 
 be reduced to the merest minimum, [f there be any failure found, 
 it will not be in the law itself, but in the inefficient methods adop- 
 ted f r its enforcement. 
 
 J AS. Watts, 
 
 Editor Sentinel. 
 
 Woodstock, N. B., Feb. 5th, 1881. 
 
 The Canada Temperance Act came in force last spring. Be- 
 fore that time there were several Tave^'ns in the town of Wood- 
 stock, and some few in the county, and they were well patronised. 
 
 In the town of Woodstock, on Sunday as well as week-days, men 
 were to be seen walking the streets in a state of intoxication ; but 
 since the law came in force there has been no piiblic open sale of 
 liquors, and although several persons have been selling, it has been 
 done — as they would commit any other crime — in secret. Occa- 
 sionally, now, a drunken man can be seen in the street, but the 
 present condition of things stands in commanding contrast with 
 that of one year ago. 
 
 The prospect is, that in this county in a short time, the traffic in 
 intoxicating liquors as a beverage will be overcome, even in secret. 
 
 Last spring after the law came into operation, the lumbermen 
 came into the town with scores of their men, and it was commented 
 on by the citizens, that they never saw the men so quiet and or- 
 derly ; for, on former similar occasions, ^the rum they drank made 
 them the very dread of the town. 
 
 It is too soon yet to speak of the effdcts of the law upon the in- 
 dustries and habits of the town, beyond certain visible effects above 
 described. 
 
 Several persons have been fined for violation of the law, and this 
 has given respect and tone to the law and to Temperance work. 
 
 May God speed the right in this Dominion of ours. 
 
 L. N. Shakp, M. D. 
 
 Woodstock, N. B., 10th Feb., 1881. 
 
 I am asked to give my opinion as to the working of the *' Canada 
 Temperance Act" in this county, which I very cheerfully do. 
 
w 
 
 26 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 i! 
 
 Although the sale of intoxicating liquor has not been entirely 
 prevented by the adoption of the Act, neither has crime of other 
 kinds entirely ceased, notwithstanding the rigour of the laws aprainst 
 them ; but the large, fashionable, and would he respectable establish- 
 ments, have abandoned the traffic entirely, and a drink of rum, 
 now, can only be obtained stealthily, and then from the vilest and 
 most miserable of onr citizens. 
 
 The machinery of the law works smoothly, and with one or two 
 slight amendments, it would be perfection itself, so far as permis- 
 sive temperance legislation goes. I think that our temperance 
 friends are more than satisfied with the efficiency of the Act. 
 
 I am, truly yours, 
 
 Stephen B. Appleby, ExM.P. 
 
 Surely no reasonable man could ask for more convinc- 
 ing testimonies as to the possibilities of enforcing the Act, 
 or the undoubted benefits that accrue from it. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 PROHIBITION IN MAINE. 
 
 It seems really strange that people should be found 
 who will reiterate the statement that Prohibition has 
 not succeeded in Maine. In almost every instance they 
 will be found to be persons who either are determined 
 to believe all prohibitory laws a failure, or are entirely 
 unread as to the history and results of the Maine Law, 
 or who set up the preposterous plea that the law fails 
 if in a single instance or in a number of instances it 
 can be proven that its provisions are violated. First, 
 then, it becomes necessary to fix a standard of success. 
 Wh^t shall it be ? Are we to believe that ever^ law is ft 
 
PROHIBITION IN MAINE. 
 
 27 
 
 failure which does not entirely suppress and eradicate 
 the evil against which it is directed ? Suppose we judge 
 other laws by that standard, what one of them should we 
 find a success ? People steal and our jails contain bur- 
 glars, breakers, robbers and petty thieves, — is therefore the 
 law against theft a failure ? People gamble, engage in 
 lotteries, run places of vice, sell diseased meat, violate 
 health ordinances, &c., but no one thinks of declaring that 
 therefore we are to conclude that the laws which prohibit 
 these things are failures and ought to be repealed. 
 
 Evidently we cannot set up as a standard by which to 
 judge the efficacy of an enactment, — t/ie total suppression 
 of the evil against which the enactnnent vjas directed. 
 
 But if a law tends to make it more difficult and hazar- 
 dous to do certain wrong things, takes away the respec- 
 tability which would otherwise attach to the wrong 
 doers, removes facilities and temptations for the wrong 
 doing, and gradually so acts upon the public conscience as 
 to make it revolt more and more at the thought of the 
 wrong doing, such law has been and is a success. 
 
 Thus the enactment against gambling is successful and 
 to be maintained, because it makes the operation more dif- 
 ficult and risky, takes away the respectability which 
 would attach to it if it were either supported or allowed 
 by law, removes temptation and facilities for gambling 
 from the young and old, and so influences the general 
 conscience that the public mind grows stronger and 
 stronger in its condemnation of the evil. 
 
 With this standard kept in view, let us briefly take up 
 the case of Maine. 
 
 The verdict of the people of Maine proclaims the law 
 a success. Surely we may allow the people of Maine to be 
 the best judges of their own law. They have lived un- 
 der its operations, have seen its results, and measured its 
 influence ; they ought to be able to pass a fair judgment 
 upon it. 
 
 The Prohibitory'- Law was enacted in Maine in 1851. 
 
CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 The machinery for the enforcement of the law was 
 gradually set to work and improved as experience sug- 
 gested. About 1855 its enforcement became general, and 
 the effect upon the dram shops was very marked. The 
 enemies of the law felt the pinch and made an issue in 
 the elections of 1855, repealed the law, and in 185G en-^ 
 acted a license law in its place. Two years of " stringent 
 license" succeeded, and its demoralizing tendency was so 
 marked that the people elected a legislature that repealed 
 license and re-enacted the Prohibitory Law in 1858. This 
 was like beginning anew. Again it took a little time to 
 get the machinery of the law into working order. Just 
 at this period the WAR BROKE OUT, and from 1860 to 
 1865 there was 'practically little done ivith the prohibi- 
 tory law. 
 
 The close of the war brought with it numbers of camp 
 followers and many soldiers who had become utterly de- 
 moralized in the terrible campaign in the South. 
 
 In 1866 movements were inaugurated for the general 
 enforcement of the law, and in 1867 the influence of pro- 
 hibition again began to be felt. Year by year this in- 
 fluence has increased as defects have been remedied and 
 amendments made to the law. 
 
 No difficulty has been experienced in the enforcement 
 of the law outside of the cities of Portland and Bangor, 
 and in these the dfficulty has largely been due to that ad- 
 mixture of " politics and law," which is peculiar to Amer- 
 ican institutions. Even in these cities the evidence in 
 behalf of the law is overwhelming, whilst in the rest of 
 Maine its effects have been most marked and salutary. 
 
 The people have thus had from 1866 to the present an 
 experience of the law — in that time they have tested it. 
 The people believe in it. No political party in Maine dares 
 put license as a plank in its platform. In 1879 on a test 
 vote as to the exclusion of cider, native wines, &c., frorft 
 the operation of the law, the legislature affirmed the law 
 in its entirety by the significant vote of 129 to 17, 
 
Prohibition in Maine. 
 
 2D 
 
 In February, 1881, a determined effort was made to in- 
 duce the legislature to modify the law in favour of malts. 
 The committee to whom the subject was referred did not 
 tliink it worth while to report a resolution to the House 
 ill favour of it. 
 
 Personal testimonies as to the efficiency of the law can 
 be quoted by hundreds, and of the most undoubted 
 authority. We append a few : 
 
 We say without reserve, that if liquors are sold at all, it is in 
 very small quantities compared with the old time, and in a secret 
 way as all other unlawful things are done. 
 
 Joshua L. Chamberlin, 
 Governor from 1867 to 1871. 
 
 Probably not one-tenth as much sold as formerly. In some 
 places liquor is sold secretly in violation of the law, as many other 
 otlences are committed against the statutes, but in large districts of 
 the State, the Liquor Traffic is nearly or quite unknown, where 
 formerly it was carried on like any other trade. 
 
 Governor Perkham, 1872. 
 
 In more than three- fourths of the State, particularly in the 
 rural sections, open rumshops are almost unknown, and secret sales 
 comjjaratively rare. 
 
 Governor Dingley, 1874. 
 
 
 It is a matter of common knowledge that the Prohibitory Law 
 has been very generally enforced ; especially in the cities and large 
 towns where the traffic is most persistently attempted to be carried 
 on in defiance of it. The law, as a whole, fairly represents the 
 sentiment of the people. 
 
 GovEENon Connor, 1876, 
 
 I can and do, from my own personal observation, unhesitatingly 
 affirm that the consumption of intoxicating liquors in Maine, is not 
 to-day one-fourth as great as it was twenty years ago ; that in the 
 country portions of the State, the sale and use have ahnost entirely 
 
 ;l 'i 
 
 id 
 
so 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 ceased ; that the law itself, under a vigorous enforcement of its pro- 
 visions, has created a temperance sentiment which is marvellous, 
 and to which opposition is powerless. 
 
 Hon. Wm. P. Fkye, M. C. of Maine, 
 And concurred in by 
 
 Hon. Lot M. Morrill, ^ 
 
 Hon. James G. Blaine, > Of U. S. Senate. 
 
 Hon. H. Hamlin, ) 
 
 Hon. John Lynch, M. C. for Maine. 
 
 Portland, May 28, 1872. 
 
 As the result of the adoption of Prohibition, we have to say 
 that the traffic has fallen off very largely ; in relation to that there 
 can not possibly be any doubt. Many persons with the best means 
 of judging, believe that the liquor trade now is not one-tenth as 
 large as formerly. We do not know but such an opinion is correct, 
 but we content ourselves with saying that the diminution of the 
 trade is very great, and the favourable effects of the policy of Pro- 
 hibition are manifest to the most casual observer. 
 
 Benj. Kingsbury, Jr., Mayor. 
 \V. ISf. 'J'homas, Ex-Mayor. 
 Aug. E. Stevens, " 
 J. T. McCoBB, " 
 
 Jacob McLellan, '* 
 
 We are sure that the Liquor Trade is greatly diminished. 
 
 Joseph Howard, Ex-Mayor. 
 
 D. W. Fes.senden, Clerk of Cumberland C. C. 
 
 Eben Perry, Sheriti". 
 
 Wm. E. Morris, Judge of Municipality. 
 " Wm. Senter, Ex- Alderman. 
 
 Augusta, 1872. 
 
 If we were to say the quantity of liquors sold here is not one- 
 tenth as large as formerly, we think it would be within the truth ; 
 and the favourable effect of the change upon all the interests of the 
 State is plainly seen everywhere, 
 
 J. T. Eveleth, Mayor. 
 Joshua Nye, IState Constable. 
 G. G. Stacy, Secretary of State. 
 B. B. Murray, Adjutant General. 
 
 ii 
 
 ll 
 
PROHIBITION IN MAINE. 
 
 31 
 
 Dover, N. H., May 31, 1872. 
 
 In the course of my duty I have become thoron<^hly acquainted 
 with the state and extent of the liquor traffic in Maine, aud I h ive 
 no hesitation in saying that the beer trade is not more than one per 
 cent, of what L remember it to have been, and the trade in distilled 
 liquors is not more than ten per cent, of what it was foruierly. 
 Where liquor is sold at all it is done secretly, through fear of the 
 law. 
 
 VValcott Hamlin, 
 Supervisor of In. Rev. Dist. of Maine, N. H. and Vt. 
 
 (From His Excellency the Governor of Maine.) 
 
 That policy was adopted here in 1851, and now there is no organ- 
 ized opposition to it in the State. After an experience of its results 
 during more than a quarter of a century it is acquiesced in by both 
 political parties as beneficial to the people. The quantity of liquors 
 smuggled into the State and sold surreptitiously is vastly less than 
 was consumed in former years, and the law is executed easily and 
 as well as any other of our criminal laws. I do not think the people 
 of Maine would for any consideration go back to the old policy of 
 license. 
 
 Selden Connor, Governor of the State of Maine. 
 
 Augusta, Maine, April 24th, 1878. 
 
 {From all the Senators and Representatives of Maine ^ in Congress.) 
 
 House of Representatives, Washington, April, 1878. 
 
 For the first ten years of its existence there were many difficulties 
 and serious obstacles. A great variety of questions of practice, 
 evidence, and pleading was presented to the courts of law for adju- 
 dication, and very frequently jurors, overcome by their prejudices, 
 failed to agree upon verdicts ; but the courts finally determined all 
 points of law raised, or that could be, and public opinion reformed 
 all perverse jurors ; so that, during the lasc fifteen years, the en- 
 forcement of the provisions of the law has been constant, general, 
 and successful. The result has been that the traffic in intoxicating 
 liquors, a crime by statute, has become a crime in the opinion of a 
 large majority of our citijsens, the buyer as well as the seller being 
 reg.irded as a moral participant in the crime ; the use of liquors as 
 a beverage is unpopular, and the sale of it is very limited. In a 
 majority of the towns in the State none can be obtained except as 
 provided for by law. The propriety of th« law having been early 
 
 - lit 
 
 r 
 
CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 made a political issue, one of our great parties has until within two 
 or three years been hostile to it, and evidenced its hostility on its 
 platform. Last year, at its State Convention, when the usual reso- 
 lution ayainst Prohibition was offered for consideration, it was voted 
 down by a good jnajority with considerable enthusiasm. The law 
 is now as easily and as thoroughly enforced as that for the preven- 
 tion and punishment of any other and similar crimes, and we can 
 sincerely affirm that it is a success. — Respectfully, 
 
 William P. P'rye, S. D. Lindsey. 
 EuGENB Hale. Llewellyn Powers. 
 
 T. B. Reed. 
 
 j H. Hamlin. 
 .( J. G. Blaine. 
 
 Senate Chamber, May 25th, 1878. 
 
 {From the Sheriff of Cumberland County, Mame.) 
 
 The effect of the law audits prompt execution has been to reduce 
 the liquor traf !c to a low point, so that it is carried on only with 
 great secrecy, on a small scale, mostly if not entirely by a low class 
 of our foreign population. This law is firmly supported by public 
 opinion in this State, by which Prohibition is regarded as the most 
 suitable and the proper method of dealing with the liquor traffic — 
 that most fruitful source of misery and wretchedness to the com- 
 munity. Still, the liquor traffic lingers among us, confined almost 
 entirely to our cities and a few of the larger towns of the State, 
 where, under the cover of niglifc in the secret haunts of vice, to be 
 found in all large cities composed of a mixed population, it inspires 
 to deeds of evil and leads to misery and death. 
 
 The quantity of intoxicating liquors now sold in Maine is but a 
 small fraction of what was ft^rmerly sold freely throughout the 
 State before the enactment of the Maine Law of Prohibition, not- 
 withstanding the many false reports to the contrary circulated 
 abroad by those who are opposed to the principle of Prohibition (as 
 applied to the suppression of the liquor traffic) which has become 
 the settled policy of the State. The friends of Temperance in 
 Maine have reason to take courage and move on, from the fact that 
 in proportion as the rum traffic is driven out from among us public 
 sentiment among our people is steadily advancing in the right direc- 
 tion. — Respectfully yours, 
 
 Wm. H. Dressek, 
 Sheriff of Cumberland County, Maino, 
 
 April loth, 1878. . - 
 
 !.i 
 
PROHIBITION IN MAINE. 
 
 33 
 
 (From the City Marshal, Poii'and.) 
 
 City Marshars Office, Portland, April, 1878. 
 
 Dear Sir, — In answer to your enquiry as to the operation and 
 effect of the Maine Law in this city, 1 have to say that its execution 
 ia as easy as any other of our criminal laws. Liquovs intended for 
 unlawful sale are seized anywhere and everywhere in sight by the 
 orticers, with not the slightest resistance or objection from anybody. 
 Juries convict persons on trial for liquor selling, on proper testi- 
 mony, as readily and promptly as for stealint; or cheating or any 
 other crime. The law works with as little friction as any other on 
 our statute books, and the more vigorously it is enforced the more 
 satisfaction in it is expressed by the people. The drinkshops are 
 all secret, and are on a very small scale, and the quantity of liquor 
 sold here is very small compared with the quantity sold openly, 
 freely, and everywhere, wholesale and retail, before the enactment 
 of the law, — Respectfully yours, 
 
 C. N . Bridges, City Marshal. 
 
 As to the enforcement of the law, the following taken 
 from the report of the Attorney-General for 1874, may- 
 be deemed satisfactory : 
 
 Aroostook County — There is less drunkenness and unlawful 
 sale than a year ago. 
 
 Cumberland — (Portland is in this county.) T have met with no 
 difficulty in prosecuting persons indicted for violations of the liquor 
 law which does not attend the successful prosecution of other crim- 
 inal offences. 
 
 Hancock — There is hardly a town where public sentiment gives 
 it any countenance ; in no place is liquor sold openly. 
 
 Knox — In farming towns there are practically no violations of 
 the law. 
 
 Lincoln — Several attempts have been made to open rum-shops, 
 but they have in every instance been " nipped in the bud." 
 
 Penobscot — Eff'orts during the past year have been crowned with 
 a fair dejrree of success. 
 
 Androscoggin — (Lewiston with a population of 15,000, is in this 
 county.) Ever since the enactment of the liquor law, the faithful 
 manner in whi'-h the same has been executed has rendered the 
 County of Androscoggin not only an expensive finld for the rum- 
 seller to ply his trade in, but a dangerous one so far as the personal 
 liberty is concerned. There is not an open bar for the sale of in- 
 toxicating liquors in operation. It is not, as has been declared^ aa 
 
34 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 impossibility effectually to suppress drinking houses and tippling 
 shops. The newspapers in this county advocate in the strongest 
 terms the importance of enforcing the liquor law. 
 
 Kennebec — One-third more successful prosecutions than during 
 any similar period since 18CC. 
 
 Fiscata(]uu — I find no special difficulty in enforcing the law 
 
 Sagadahoc — The law has been successfully administered in the 
 county. 
 
 York — During the present year, signalized as it has been by 
 prolonged effort to suppress the traffic by force of law, crowned as 
 this effort has been by success much exceeding our most sanguine 
 expectations, the people of this county have marked the contrast 
 between free rum and total prohibition. The absence of petty 
 crime, the peace and good (trder in the community are most 
 marked. In the city of Biddeford, a manufacturing place of ] 1,000 
 inhabitants, for a month at a time, not a single arrest for drunk- 
 enness or disturbance has been made, or become necessary. In the 
 city of Saco, it is doubtful if a single place can be found where in- 
 toxicating liquor is sold. 
 
 If anything additional is needed to add to the ^orce of 
 the above testimony, it is abundantly provided in the 
 late investigation begun and carried on by the Toronto 
 Globe in March and April, 1881. The Globe sees, as who 
 does not, that the question of prohibition has to be met 
 by the people of Canada, and is one among the few who 
 think that a substratum of facts is necessary in order to 
 deal with the subject honestly and fairly. So the Toronto 
 Globe commissioned two of its most trustworthy men to 
 make an investigation into the results of the Maine Law 
 in that State. This they did with commendable fairness 
 and thoroughness. They visited cities, towns, and rural 
 districts, interviewed prominent and experienced men, 
 made their own unassisted explorations, and gave their 
 results in a series of twenty-one letters in the Globe. One 
 of these Commissioners was a Prohibitionist in principle, 
 the other an Anti-Prohibitionist ; neither were total ab- 
 stainers. The following is their summing up after two 
 weeks sojourn in Maine : 
 
PilOHIBITION IN MAINE. 
 
 M 
 
 {Thd Anti-Prohibitlonlat Commissioners Conclusions.) 
 
 SUiMMING UP THE RESULT IN MAINE. 
 
 Our work in Maine is now finished, and before commenc- 
 ing inquiries in other States, it may be well to sum up my 
 conclusions while the impressions left by our two weeks' 
 sojourn are yet fresh and distinct. I realize perfectly well 
 that the results at which I have arrived will not be apt 
 to please either party. I do not write with the object of 
 doing so, but simply to tell the plain truth, as arrived at 
 from personal observation, interviews with those whose 
 opinions were likely to be of value, and consideration of the 
 (j[uestion in all its bearing. I shall not attempt a review or 
 recapitulation of details, but present my conclusions in 
 the form of a series of brief propositions as follows : — 
 
 That in the cities the law has been a partial failure so 
 far as uprooting the traffic or even the suppression of open 
 bars is concerned. 
 
 That this failure has been greatly exaggerated by quot- 
 ing exceptional places or periods as typical of the whole 
 State, and by the ingenious perversit^n of statistics. 
 
 That nevertheless, even when laxly administered, the 
 law has decreased the volume of drinking, and done much 
 to make the practice unpopular and disreputable. 
 
 That by the admissions of both parties, it has driven all 
 respectable men out of the traffic. 
 
 That the facilities for drinking are not presented in such 
 a form or under such surrounding, as to tempt those who 
 have not acquired the drinking habit to do so. 
 
 That in the rural portions of the State, the Maine Law 
 has suppressed open drinking, and reduced secret drink- 
 ing to a mimimum, and may therefore be considered as 
 effective as any other measure on the statute book. 
 
 That the general prosperity, good order, and comfort 
 observable both in city and country, despite the compara- 
 tively scanty resources of the State, plainly indicate that 
 
"Ill 
 
 36 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 I'll 
 
 1);! 
 
 il 
 
 nlJ 
 
 I ! 
 li I 
 
 I!! ) 
 
 the abstinence of the people, whether voluntary or com- 
 pulsory, has conduced greatly to their welfare. 
 
 That while these good results are largely attributable 
 to the widespread reformation in the habits of the people 
 on moral and economical grounds, prohibition has done 
 much to assist this reform and educate public senti- 
 ment. 
 
 That after thirty years* experience, the public opinion 
 of the State is so strongly in favour of the law that no 
 political party is willing to risk its future by advocat- 
 ing a reversion to license, and that on the contrary the 
 Legislature is continually strengthening the law by more 
 stringent amendments. 
 
 That the best elements of society, the old residents, the 
 prominent citizens, and the farming community, are pro- 
 nouncedly in its favour ; and that even many who opposed 
 some of its features would oppose its abrogation still more 
 strongly. 
 
 That the class of liquor-sellers who defy the law, are 
 the same class of men who, under a license system, avouIJ 
 sell liquor without license. 
 
 That the law has at times been made a political machine 
 in the interest of the Republicans, and has led to corrupt 
 bargains between liquoi'-sellers and politicians, whereby 
 the latter have stepped in to frustrate its operation. 
 
 That too much has been claimed for prohibition, which 
 of itself will not remove poverty, want, and degradation, 
 which are frequently brought about by other causes than 
 rum. 
 
 That Maine being a community where the cities are 
 small, the population sparsely settled, and the foreign ele- 
 ment not large, offers an except: jnally favourable field for 
 the legal suppression of the drink traffic, so that its 
 measure of success in that State does not necessarily imply 
 that it would be equally effective elsewhere, under alto- 
 gether different conditions. 
 
PROHIBITION IN MAINE. 
 
 37 
 
 {Tlie ProhibitioniHt Commissioners Conclusions.) 
 
 THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION IN MAINE. 
 
 We are now done with Maine, so far as our enquiries into 
 the workings of prohibition are concerned, and while I am 
 comparatively in the dark as to what effect the facts we 
 have gleaned may have had upon the mind of my anti- 
 temperance colleague, I must confess that 1 have been 
 greatly surprised at the state of things I have found exist- 
 ing here. I left Toronto a firm believer in the possibility 
 of making legislative prohibition an important factor in a 
 great temperance reform, but at that time, after all I had 
 heard about the state of affairs in Maine, I fully expected 
 to find the evils arib ng from a very partial and perfunc- 
 tory enforcement of the Maine Law nearly or quite out ^ 
 weighing any good that might grow out of the moral 
 support given to temperance, by an enactment which, 
 though almost a dead letter, still found a place upon the 
 statute book. To say that I have been greatly surprised 
 at the condition of things I have found here, very faintly 
 expresses it. I have noted in my letters as I have gone 
 along most of the features that have particularly attracted 
 my attention, as points telling in favour of the Maine Law, 
 but I may be pardoned for repeating a very few of these 
 in the order in which they were met. 
 
 In entering the State by the Grand Trunk Railway, I 
 was struck with the evidences of thrift and prosperity in 
 the aijricultural districts, thou^fh the land seemed for the 
 most part to be naturally very light and unproductive. 
 And this same aspect of the case was powerfully im- 
 pressed upon me, wherever I journeyed through the rural 
 districts of the State, whether by rail or private convey- 
 ance. 
 
 At Portland I was astonished — after all I had heard 
 about the disregard for the law — to learn that, though 
 there was liquor to be had, the trade had been driven into 
 
 ^.il 
 
T^ 
 
 38 
 
 CANADA TEMPEEANCE MANUAL. 
 
 such holes and corners, that there was no open or attrac- 
 tive display to tempt reformed drunkards or inexperienced 
 boys. I was also surprised that during my whole stay there, 
 which was more than a week, I only saw one drunken 
 man, and he was one of a type that one is usually surprised 
 to see sober. 
 
 Even in Bangor I did not find drinking nearly so pre- 
 valent as it had been represented to be, though the state 
 of affairs in that city appeared to be much worse than 
 anywhere else in the State. In Bangor drinking appears 
 to be unfashionable and disreputable. 
 
 At Augusta, we found in Governor Plaisted, not only a 
 staunch supporter of the Maine Law, but one of its most 
 able and eloquent advocates ; and yet whiskey orators, out- 
 side of Maine, triumphantly count Governor Plaisted as 
 one of those who bear testimony to the utter failure of 
 prohibition in Maine. 
 
 At Lewiston and Auburn, I found the state of things I 
 have just described, and which I think show clearly enough 
 that prohibition, if backed up with a sound and healthy 
 state of public opinion, can he successfully enforced, even 
 in crowded cities. 
 
 Wherever we have been I have found a very remarkable 
 unanimity of opinion on the temperance question. With 
 the exception of ex-Mayor Brown, of Bangor, I have not 
 met a single Maine man (outside the liquor trade of course) 
 who has expressed himself as adverse to the Maine Law, 
 or who would wish to see it repealed. 
 
 If the Maine Law is in any way damaging the business 
 interests of the State (and it has been alleged it is), it seems 
 very strange that the business men of the State are not 
 aware of the fact. As a rule people do not set the average 
 Yankee down as a fool in business matters, and he is not 
 apt to be a fanatic on any subject, and yet I find that, after 
 a thirty years' trial, the Maine Law is much better en- 
 forced, and vastly stronger in the affections of the people 
 of the State than it ever was before. Only last year some 
 
PROHIBITION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 39 
 
 of the friends of the Maine Law challenged its enemies to 
 allow the whole question to be ap,ain put before the people 
 to be decided at the polls, but the friends of the free rum 
 all voted against having the question re-submitted. If 
 after so long a trial of prohibition the people of Maine are 
 so overwhelmingly against a return to the license system, 
 can any sane man honestly say that prohibition has proved 
 a failure here ? It is not only not a failure, but it is a 
 brilliant success, and I have no hesitancy in pronouncing 
 it the main spring of a great social, moral, and economic 
 reform that has done more for the State than the combined 
 strength of all other forces that have been operating in 
 her favour at any time during the last thirty years. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 PROHIBITION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 The Prohibitory Law was enacted in Massachusetts in 
 1852, out ov/ing to some of its provisions having been de- 
 clared unconstitutional in 1854, the legislature of 1855 
 thoroughly revised and re-enacted the law which stood 
 thereafter the sharpest legal criticism. The law was more 
 or less strictly enforced in the smaller towns and rural 
 districts of the State, but in Boston, especially, and some 
 of the larger cities was but indifferently executed owing to 
 the apathy or liquor sympathies of the authorities. So 
 in 1865, an Independent State Police was created, whose 
 duty it was to " suppress liquor shops, gambling places, 
 and houses of ill-fame." Under the operations of this 
 state police, the law became more rigidly enforced, and 
 reached its maximum of efficiency in the year 1867, during 
 which the state police alone caused 5,331 liquor prosecu- 
 
4-0 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANtJAt. 
 
 ii' 
 
 I Hi 
 
 IP 
 
 11 
 
 I Ih 
 
 tions, 1,970 seizures, aggregating 92,658 gallons of intoxi- 
 cants, and the payment in fines of and costs of $226,427. 
 The year 1867 is thus the red-letter year of prohibition in 
 Massachusetts. Let us read some of the testimonies as to 
 its results. The Constable of the Commonwealth, in his 
 report of that year, said : 
 
 " Up to the 6th of November (1867) there was not an open bar 
 known in Oie entire State, and the open retail liquor traffic had almost 
 entirely ceased. The traffic, as such, had generally secluded itself 
 to such an extent that it was no longer a public, open offence, and 
 no longer an inviting temptn' "on to the passer-by." 
 
 Rev. Dr. James B.Dunn, an eminent Presbyterian clergy- 
 man, said : — 
 
 ** During the year 1867 we made several thorough examinations 
 of Boston to see how the law worked. In North street we counted 
 56 closed stores, with the significant words, ' To Let ' on the 
 shutters, while in the other places where liquor had formerly been 
 sold, honest and lawful businesses were carried on. In those dark and 
 narrow streets of the * North End,' once crowded with throngs of 
 thieves, harlots and the most degraded wretches — where dram shops, 
 dancing saloons, and houses of prostitution pushed their nefarioiis 
 trade — now quietness and sobriety reigned. In one night during 
 the month of May we visited, between the hours of nine and twelve 
 many of the liquor, dancing, and gambling sah^ons on Brattle, 
 North, Commercial, Hanover, Union, Portland, Sudbury, Court, 
 Howard, Fleet, Clarke, and Friend streets, and in no place was 
 there to be seen, nor could there be openly bought, one glass of in- 
 toxicating drink. 
 
 " On another occasion we visited in the evening the principal 
 hotels, such as Parker's, Tremont's, American, and Young's, and 
 found there the same state of things to exist — bar-rooms empty ; 
 some of them closed ; and where they were open, this signiticant 
 notice was hung up, ' No liquors sold over this bar.' 
 
 >» 
 
 Major Boynton Chief of State Police, says : — 
 
 " The law has entirely suppressed the sale in one half of the 
 towns, in Essex County, notably so." 
 
 Major Jones, ex-Chief of State Police, says : — 
 
 ** The effect of the law has been to change the entire character of 
 
PHOttlBtTlON m MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 41 
 
 the liquor traffic, and confine the traffic to the lowest class, and the 
 absence of the open sale has reduced drinking and crime. There 
 are about 360 towns, and in 300 of them the law is well enforced, 
 and it exercises an influence upon the others." 
 
 General B. Butler, U. S, Senator, states : — 
 
 " The law is as well enforced as the laws against larceny, except 
 in a very few places, and the effect has been to do away with the 
 attraction and temptation. " 
 
 Judge Borden, of Xew Bedford, gives this testimony: — 
 
 " For several years the law has been enforced most thoroughly, 
 and in those years there have been less cases of drunkenness, as- 
 saults, and the class of crime usually attributed to drink. The law 
 is certainly a snccess. The enforcement of the law reduces the sales 
 very materially and drives it into the lowest quarters, thus remov- 
 ing the temptation from the young, and this is one of the best 
 features." 
 
 Messrs. Oliver & Sons, of North Easton, Mass., say : — 
 
 " We have over four hundred men in our works here. We find 
 that on comparing our production in May and June of this year 
 (1868), with that of the corresponding months of Jast year (1867), 
 that in 1867 with three hundred and seventy-tive men, we produced 
 eight per cent, more goods than we did in the same months in 1868 
 with four hundred men. We attribute this falling ott" entirely to 
 the repeal of the Prohibitory Law, and the great increase in the 
 use of intoxicating liquors among our men in consequence." 
 
 Mr. H. Wilson, woollen manufacturer, Southboro,' Wor- 
 cester county, Mass., says : — 
 
 " During 1868, the year the License Law was in force, our cost 
 of production was nearly ten per cent. more. 1 employed one hun- 
 dred and fifty men, and the drinking by some of them interfered 
 with all, and diminished production, but not cost." 
 
 Rev. p. Davis, City Missionary of Boston, says: — 
 
 " When I commenced my labour six years ago, there were one 
 hundred and thirty-two rum shops in North street, but when the 
 Prohibitory Liw was enforced, all these were closed except two, 
 which were hotels. Sin^e the repeal of the Prohibitory Law I 
 counted one hundred and sixteen in North street, with all their 
 usual accompaniments — gambling and houses of ill-fame." 
 
 
1 
 
 42 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANtJAL. 
 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ii!l 
 
 i ii i; 
 
 iij 
 
 hi 
 
 J. Wilder May, District Attorney for Suffolk County, 
 
 says : — 
 
 "The law is enforced generally throughout the State in country 
 towns and with good effect; it would be difficult to procure a glass 
 of rum in many of the towns. The shutting up the open bar is cer- 
 tainly productive of a great reduction in drinking. " 
 
 Governor Washburn, in his inaugural address in 1872, 
 thus speaks of the Prohibitory Law of 1867 : — 
 
 " I have no hesitation in saying that, in ray judgment, the Pro- 
 hibitory Law, repealed four years ago, was the best and most 
 eff'ective we have ever had for the suppression of the liquor traffic. 
 I would like to see it restored in all its powers and integrity to our 
 statute books, and rigidly enforced over every foot of soil in the 
 commonwealth. Let this be done, and crime and pauperism will 
 be reduced 50 per cent ; a great burden of taxation would be re- 
 moved from all citizens ; a new impetus would be given to every 
 branch of legitimate industry ; a heavy weight would be lifted from 
 the hearts and hands of our labouring people, and a most important 
 step taken towards their elevation and improvement." 
 
 LICENSE IN 1868. 
 
 The strict enforcement of the Prohibitory Law in 1867 
 united and brought out all the force of the Liquor party, 
 and in the Autumn Elections of 1867, they carried the 
 elections in favour of License. In the Session of 1868, 
 the Prohibitory Law was repealed, and a stringent Li- 
 cense Law substituted, which went into force July 1st, 
 Let us now collate some of the evidences as to its results. 
 
 The Secretary of the Board of State Charities thus 
 speaks o'' the effect : 
 
 " The result at once began to exhibit itself in our jails and houses 
 of correction ; and, as usu^l, now begins to make its record directly 
 and indirectly on the registers of our various State pauper establish- 
 ments, lunatic hospitals, and reformatories. .... 
 
 '* But to the poor, and the wives and children of the poor, it 
 makes a wide difference whether we take our departure from the 
 point of prohibition or from that of license. In the latter case, as 
 has been seen the past year, the current sets in favour of more 
 selling and more drinking ; and this means, to the poor labouring 
 man or woman, and to children growing up amid bad influences, 
 more poison of the blood, more delirium of the brain, more idleness, 
 
PROHIBITION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 43 
 
 more waste, more theft, more debauchery, more disease, more in- 
 sanity, more assault, more rape, more murder, more of everything 
 that is low and devili8h,les8 of everything that is pure and heavenly." 
 
 The Board of State Charities 5th Report, page 35, says : 
 
 " The License Law of 1808 was enacted through the influence of 
 those who (without regard to the consequences of their action to the 
 poor and weak) wished to drink more, and those who hoped to sell 
 more. And it is undoubtedly the case that more is actually drunk 
 and sold. 
 
 Governor Claflin, in his message to the Legislature in 
 18C9, says : 
 
 "The increase of drunkenness and crime during the last six 
 months, as compared with the same period of 1807, is very marked 
 and decisive as to the operation of the law. The State prisons, jails, 
 and houses of correction are being rapidly filled and will soon re- 
 quire enlarged accommodation if the commitments continue to in- 
 crease as they have since the present law went into force." 
 
 The Chaplain of the State's Piison, in 1868 thus wrote : 
 
 *' The prison never has been so full as at the present time. If 
 the rapidly increasing flow of intemperance, so greatly swollen by 
 the present wretched license law, is sufiered to rush unchecked, 
 there will be a fearful increase of crime, and the State must soon 
 extend the limits of the prison, or erect another. " 
 
 The Report of the Inspectors of Massachusetts State 
 Piison, 1868, says : 
 
 '* The hope expressed in the last report that the average number 
 here would continue to decrease as during the year previous has 
 been disappointed, and the commitments during the year have been 
 180 to 128 the year before. But this was written before the break- 
 ing down of the barriers against the sale of intoxicating drinks, and 
 it is to this cause that the prison authorities ascribe the increase of 
 their convictions — a conclusion which the registers of this Bureau 
 'would seem to confirm. 
 
 The Report of the Chief Constable, 1869, says : — 
 
 " The rapid increase of crime and violence during the past year 
 over former years is without precedent in the history of criminal 
 experience. The State Prison and Houses of Correction never held 
 within their limits such numbers as at the present time, whilst the 
 
44 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 Ijiii. 
 
 ill 
 
 'I 
 
 M 
 
 'i 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 
 11 
 
 i. 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ' 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 wheels of business are almost clogged with the trial of constantly 
 accumulating criminal business." 
 
 Is it unfair to susfgest, that the open bar and inviting sale of in- 
 toxicating liquors, licensed and unlicensed in every street, is to a 
 considerable extent chargeable and responsible for this state of 
 things ? 
 
 The Report of the State Board of Charities, 1808, says ; 
 
 During the past year, it appears that while crime, in general, has 
 increased about ten per cent., drunkenness has increased twice as 
 much, about twenty-fuur per cent. This fact appears the best pos- 
 sible comment on the condition of the public mind, and of the legal 
 repression of Intemperance since the State Election of 1868. 
 
 The Report of the Chief Constable, 1869, says : — 
 
 The License law has, in no way known to us, contributed in the 
 least degree to the peace and prosi-erity of the Commonwealth, and 
 in most particulars its effects and results have disappointed its moat 
 sincere, reasonable and responsible friends and former advocates. 
 
 SHOWING OF CRIME. 
 
 Let us now compare the Criminal Statistics of the State 
 of Massachusetts for 1867 and 1868, and see if they bear 
 out the cry of the failure of prohibition. 
 
 The Inspectors of State Prisons for 1»68, say: — We sim- 
 ply call attention to the fact of the increased commit- 
 ments made during eight months of the present year, 
 when the sale of liquor has been almost wholly unrestrain- 
 ed, over those of tlie same time in the previous year when 
 the sale was prohibited, and to a great extent stopped : — 
 
 Commitments in 18G7, 
 (Prohibition.) 
 
 Februaiy 15 
 
 March 13 
 
 April 4 
 
 May 12 
 
 June 7 
 
 July 6 
 
 August 3 
 
 September 5 
 
 66 
 
 Commitments in 1868, 
 (License.) 
 
 February 30 
 
 March 19 
 
 April 16 
 
 May 17 
 
 June 15 
 
 July 17 
 
 AugUdt 11 
 
 September 11 
 
 136 
 
PROHIBITION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 45 
 
 The official repoit of the Chief of the Boston Police 
 shows the following results, for a period of only three 
 months, ending Oct. 1st, viz. : — 
 
 Quarter ending Quarter ending 
 
 Oct. 1, 1867. Oct. 1, 1808. 
 
 (Prohibition.) (License.) 
 
 Drunks arrested by police 3,728 J, 918 
 
 Common drunkards 148 134 
 
 Disorderly conduct 300 658 
 
 Disturbing the peace 257 307 
 
 Assaults 433 647 
 
 Helped home intoxicated 479 ' 485 
 
 3,345 4,139 
 
 Increase in 1868 for 1 quarter 794 
 
 Whole number of arrests 1,530 5,596 
 
 Lodgers 2,617 7,617 
 
 4,147 13,213 
 
 Excess in 3 months of license . . 9, 166 
 Deduct cases from Roxbury, 
 
 annexed to Boston in 1868 . . 617 
 
 Net increase under license 8,549 
 
 Comparing six months of prohibition, in 1867, with six 
 months, in 1868, four of which were license months, we 
 find an 
 
 Increase of criminal arrests 248 
 
 Increase of station-house lodgers 3,838 
 
 Increase of drunks, assaults, &c 1,363 
 
 Total increase under licenses 5,449 
 
 The Prison Registers, by returns made from all the 
 State and County Prisons in Massachusetts, and the City 
 Prison of Boston, furnish the following figures : — 
 
 For 6 months ending For 6 months ending 
 April 1, 18G7. April 1, 18US. 
 
 Committed for drunkenness. . . 2,116 2,576 
 
 Committed for violating liquor 
 
 laws 165 70 
 
 2,281 2,646 
 
 Increase under license 366 
 
 Committed for all offences 6,975 6,426 
 
 Increase under license .... 451 
 
III 
 
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 Ilii 
 
 
 4G CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 Ap. 1 to Oct. 1, 1867. Ap. 1 to Oct. 1, 1868. 
 
 • Committed for drunkenness. . . 2,501 3,170 
 
 Increase under licenses. . .. 669 
 
 Committed for all oflFences 6,303 7,098 
 
 Increase under licenses. . . . 795 
 Vagrants for year ending Sept. 
 
 30th, 1807 25,621 
 
 Vagrants for year ending Sept. 
 
 30th, 1868 56,382 
 
 Increase under license 30,761 
 
 Total expenditure of cities and towns for sup- 
 port of paupers, 1867 $758,360 
 
 Total expenditure of cities and towns for sup- 
 port of paupers, 1868 $832,501 
 
 Increase under licenses $74,141 
 
 From the Report Board State Charities, 1868. 
 
 Here follow the arrests for drunkenness in the twelve 
 cities at that time in Massachusetts and in the city of 
 Boston : 
 
 In twelve ('ities. In Boston. 
 
 1868 Under stringent license . . . 6,644 18,475 
 
 1867 Under enforced prohibition. 4,685 13,800 
 
 Increase under license 1,959 4,675 
 
 Here are committals through the State : 
 
 State Prison. Jails. 
 
 1868 Stringent license 180 7,850 
 
 1867 Enforced prohibition 128 5,770 
 
 Increase under license 52 2,080 
 
 New Bedford shows as follows : 
 
 Whole arrests. Drunkf. 
 
 1867 Under enforced prohibition. 397 140 
 
 1868 Under license 493 278 
 
 Increase under license 96 138 
 
 RE-ENACTMENT OF PROHIBITORY LAW. 
 
 It is little wonder that Governor Claflin, with such 
 facts as these before him, recommended, in 1868, a return 
 
 larffei 
 
PROHIBITION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 47 
 
 to the Prohibitory Law, or that the Legislature, thinking 
 with him, repealed the License Law of 1868, and re-enacted 
 the Prohibitory Law of 18G7 ; so that the " Stringent Li- 
 cense Law," heralded with such a chorus of antieipative 
 benefits, proved an ignominious failure, and, after a single 
 year's trial, was repealed, to make place for Prohibition. 
 
 The Prohibitory Law of 18G9 was not allowed by its 
 enemies to remain intact. The delusive cry of 'Might 
 wines and malts as a preventive to spirit drinking" 
 was raised, and in 1870 a clause was tacked on to the 
 law, permitting the free sale of these drinks. No testi- 
 mony can be more clear or emphatic than that this led to 
 great evil, and effectually hampered the working of the 
 Prohibitory Law, as, under the guise of beer, all kinds of 
 liquor could be sold with impunity. So, iii 1873, the 
 Beer clause was repealed, and the law began its good 
 work again. Again the liquor interest united, and in the 
 session of 1874 repealed both the Prohibitory Law and 
 the State constabulary, instituted for its enforcement. 
 Governor Talbot vetoed both these ; they formed a main 
 issue in the autumn elections, and, in November, a ma- 
 jority at the polls declared against both measures. A 
 License Law with local option clauses was enacted in 
 1875, and has since been in operation. 
 
 The lessons to be drawn from the above are : — 
 
 1. That the Prohibitory Law of Massachusetts .enacted 
 in 1852 was for a time partly inoperative in the cities and 
 larger towns through non-enforcement by authorities, 
 either apathetic or in sympathy with the traffic. 
 
 2. That in 1865, with the appointment of the State 
 constabulary, it began to be well enforced until in 1867 
 it attained its maximum of strictness and efficiency. Then 
 its enemies combined and replaced it by a stringent 
 License Law, enacted in 1868. 
 
 3. This License Law resulted in an increase of crime, 
 drunkenness and demoralization so marked, that it was 
 
 i 
 
48 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
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 I 
 
 allowed to remain in force only one year, when it was re- 
 placed by the old Prohibitory Law. 
 
 4. The efficiency of this law was seriously impaired by 
 the enactment of the Free Beer clause, which ran from 
 1870 to 1873, when it was repealed and the Prohibitory 
 Law in its entirety came into force in 1874, and began to 
 pinch so hard that a desperate effort was made V)y the 
 liquor interest, and a repeal brought about in 1875. 
 
 5. Massachusetts in 1875 did not go back to absolute 
 license, but to a local option license lafu; and under the 
 exercise of that option from one-half to three-fourths of the 
 territory of the State has since been free from the legal sale 
 of strong drink. 
 
 AN UNFAIR ATTEMPT 
 
 An attempt has been made to show by comparing sta- 
 tistics of drunkenness in Massachusetts for the years 1874 
 and 1877, that license decreases drunkenness. The statis 
 tics are as follows : — 
 
 Under Proh. 
 Law, 1874. 
 28,044 
 23,981 
 
 Under License 
 Law, 1877. 
 20.657 
 17,802 
 
 Arrests for Dninkenness 
 
 Convictions for Drunkenness 
 Number of places where 
 
 liquors illegally sold, 1874. 5,609 
 
 Number of places licensed to 
 
 sell, (1877) 5,273 
 
 Judgment for illegal sales. .. 3,644 1,693 
 
 The fallacy in the above lies in assuming that 1874 was 
 a full prohibition year, and that 1877 was a full license 
 year. What are the facts ? 
 
 In 1874, at the Session of the Legislature, early in the 
 spring, the Prohibitory Law was repealed, as also the State 
 constabulary law. The laws were only saved by the veto 
 of Governor Talbot. Both these questions entered as a 
 main issue mto the election campaign of the summer and 
 autumn, and in November the electors, at the polls, sus- 
 tained the repeal of the measures. From spring to Novem- 
 ber there was no efficient enforcement of these laws, for 
 the legislature had given its voice ac/ainst them. Fiom 
 
 'iii! 
 
PROHIBITION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 49 
 
 November till the end of the year there was no enforce- 
 ment of the law, for the people had declared against it. 
 The fact of 5,009 places of sale be'^g open proves the 
 non-efficiency. 
 
 No fair-minded man will, therefore, believe 1874 to be 
 a test year of prohibition. Still less is 1 877 to be con- 
 sidered a test year of license, for, under the local option 
 clause of the law in 1877, only 95 cities and towns out of 
 the 344 in Massachusetts, granted licenses for the beverage 
 Side of intoxicating liquors, while 249 were under PiiO- 
 
 HIBITION — OVER 72 PER CENT OF THE CITIES AND TOWNS 
 IN THE WHOLE STATE.* 
 
 The absurdity of calling 1877 a year of license for a 
 State in which only 28 per cent, of its towna and cities 
 allowed licenses f'r the sale of liquors as a beverage is 
 apparent at a glance. 
 
 Again, it is odd enough that in 1877, by the above 
 tables, there is not a single place in the whole State of 
 Massachusetts where liquor is sold without license ! Does 
 any one believe that ? 
 
 Lastly, in 1870 commenced that wonderful movement 
 in Massachusetts which drew fully 50,000 drinking men 
 from the saloons, and ranked them among the Blue and 
 Red-ribbon Reform clubs. Surely this had much to do 
 with decrease in drunkenness. The just conclusions with 
 reference to this attempt then are : — 
 
 1. 1874 is by no means a typical prohibition year — the 
 law had been pronounced against both by legislature and 
 people, and so stood no chance for fair enforcement. 
 
 2. 1877 is still less a typical license year — 72 p. c. of 
 the cities and towns did not grant license ; only 28 p. c. 
 did grant license. 
 
 3. The decrease in drunkenness in 1877 as compared 
 with 1874 is due, therefore, to the large area of the State 
 under prohibition, aided by the unprecedented moral force 
 of the reform movement. 
 
 Page 168, Report Bureau fcJtatistics, Mass., for 1879. 
 
ill 
 
 
 50 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 m 
 
 I" i^ 
 
 1 ''i ;■ 
 
 CHAPTER YI. 
 
 OTHER EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITION. 
 
 Who that has attempted to talk in favour of strict 
 legal enactments, has not met over and over again the 
 stereotyped and ready objection, " Prohibition has al- 
 ways failed." And yet it is true that wherever prohibi- 
 tion has been fairly tried, it has always proved eminently 
 successful in diminishing drunkenness and crime, and 
 promoting soV)riety, thrift, and happiness. In this chap- 
 ter we pro[)Ose to collate the principal illustrations of this 
 fact, in as concise and simple a way as possible ; and, first, 
 we will direct our attention to Great Britain. 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 " i; 
 
 i 
 
 Bessbrook. — A manufacturing town in County Armagh, 
 founded by J.Grubb Richardson, and conducted on temper- 
 ance principles. It has no police.no paupers, no pawnbrok- 
 ers, and,asasufficient explanation of so strange an anomaly, 
 no licensed public-house. There is no drunkenness in 
 Bessbrook, and the operatives are said to be models of 
 thrift and good order. More than 3,000 hands are em- 
 ployed in its linen mills. The London Daily Telegraph 
 thus speaks of it : — 
 
 When we heard of a compact village or settlement with a popula- 
 tion equal to that of a county town, and so mixed in the forms 
 of relif{iou8 faith as to support churches and chapels outwardly 
 imposing and inwardly oonnuodious, yet so harmoniously agreed 
 upon one point as to exclude whiskey and strong drinks of all kinds, 
 we were perhaps pardonably sceptical, and were at least curious 
 enough to look into the matter. So I carried an inquiring mind 
 into Bessbrook ; and though I made no domiciliary visits worth men- 
 tioning, nor stopped any operative to search him or her for the 
 Bocret buttle, I can truly report that the evidence was strongly in 
 
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITION. 
 
 51 
 
 favour of universal and seldom broken sobriety — that is to say, of 
 rigid and total abstinence from all stimulating liquor. The " patri- 
 archal relations " between employers and employed are not main- 
 tained at any sacrifice of independence, nor are they enforced at all. 
 . . . . Bessbrook has 4,000 inhabitants, many of whom are too 
 young for labour in the mill. One penny for each child is paid 
 weekly by the parents for schooling. Thtro is a shop of every 
 nefiessary kind in the place ; there is a temperance hotel, b>it there 
 is no house licensed for the feale oi beer or spirits. It is also a boast 
 of Bessbrook that the pawn-office is neither known nor missed in 
 those prudent precincts ; and more wonderful yet there is no police 
 station. 
 
 Tyrone. — In Tyrone County there is an area of sixty- 
 one square miles, with a population of 10,000, without 
 public-house or beer-shop. Lord Claude Hamilton, M.P., 
 speaking of it in 1870, said : — 
 
 I propose at once to allude to the remarkable success of restric- 
 tion there, because that success has been much questioned. I am 
 here as representing the county, to assure you that the facts stated 
 regarding the success of prohibition there are perfectly accurate. 
 There is a district in that county of sixty ae square miles, inhabit- 
 ed by nearly 10,000 people, having three great roads communicating 
 with market towns, in which there are no public-houses, entirely 
 owing to the self-action of the inhabitants. The result has been that 
 whereas those high roads were in former times the constant scenes 
 of strife and drunkenness necessitating the presence of a very con- 
 siderable number of police to be located in the district, at present 
 there is not a single policeman in that district, the poor-rates 
 are half what they were before, and all the police and magistrates 
 testify to the great absence of crime. 
 
 Sunday Closing. — In 1878 the British Parliament passed 
 the Bill for closing liquor shops in Ireland on the Sab- 
 bath. This became law, in all but five of the largest cities, 
 October 13th, of the same year. Its effect on drinking, 
 drunkenness, and crime, was marked and instantaneous. 
 By the Excise returns the drink bill of Ireland for 1878, 
 exclusive of foreign spirits and wines, amounted to £10,- 
 952,329. In 1879 it had fallen to £9,375,695, a reduction 
 in a single year of £1,576,034. The Criminal and Judi- 
 cial Returns for 1878 showed a reduction in cases of pun- 
 
UiiJ 1 
 
 52 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 
 ishable drunkenness over those of 1877 of 3,180, although 
 the Act was in force but ten weeks of the year 1878. The 
 same returns for 1879 show : — 
 
 Total of summary cases of crime 1878 268,599 
 
 " " " 1879 255,670 
 
 A reduction under Sunday closing of 12,889 
 
 Total cases of punishable drunkenness 1878 107,723 
 
 " " " 1879 99,021 
 
 A decrease under Sunday closing of 8,702 
 
 And Dr. Neilson Hancock, Government statistician, in 
 his Report for 1879, page 16, thus refers to the above : — 
 
 These figures show a decrease for the first time in six years, and 
 of a very large amount — 12,889. Of this decrease no less than 8,702 
 was in punishable drunkenness. This may be fairly ascribed to the 
 passing of the Sunday Closing Act, which was in operation the 
 whole year. In 1 878, when it was in operation for a quarter of a 
 year only,there was a decrease in these convictions of 3,180. 
 
 So we find in Ireland, Bessbrook, a town of 4,000 peo- 
 ple, and in Tyrone County, an area of sixty-one square 
 miles, with 10,000 inhabitants, in which prohibition has 
 been worked for years, and with the remarkable results 
 above stated. Again, a prohibitory law — closing up the 
 bars for one-seventh of the year in all Ireland, with the 
 exception of her five large cities, works so well as to save 
 to her people £1,576,634 cash, to diminish her crime by 
 12,889, and her punishable drunkenness by 8,702 cases in 
 a single year. Can anything be clearer as to the value 
 and feasibility of prohibition fairly applied ? 
 
 SUNDAY CLOSING IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 In 1854, by the passage of the Forbes McKenzie Act, 
 the Sunday sale of liquor was forbidden in Scotland, and 
 one-seventh of the year put under close prohibition. The 
 result was most marked and beneficent. Taking Glasgow 
 and Edinburgh as illustrations, the following are the cases 
 
 Mil! 
 
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITION. 
 
 53 
 
 of drunkenness for three years before and three years 
 after the law came into force : — 
 
 3 years before 3 years after 3 years before 3 years after 
 
 the law. the law. the law. the law. 
 
 ( 24,019 19,434 ( 9,070 8,561 
 
 Glasgow < 23,788 16,266 Edinburgh { 9,792 8,018 
 
 (23,841 17,446 (9,443 7,324 
 
 71,648 53,146 28,905 23,903 
 
 Decrease iti 3 years ...18,502 Decrease in 3 years ... 5,002 
 
 In thirty-one cities in Scotland the cases of Sunday 
 drunkenness and crime 
 
 For the year before the law, were 11,471 
 
 For the year after the law 4,299 
 
 A decrease of 7,172 
 
 or about 65 per cent. 
 
 From the report of the prisons of Scotland, it appears 
 that in five years previous to the Act, the average daily 
 number of criminals therein wis 14,676, and for the suc- 
 ceeding five 11,507, a daily decrease of over three thou- 
 sand ! In 1852 the apprehensions for drunkenness on 
 Sunday in Edinburgh were 729 ; in 1873 only 153. 
 
 After twenty-four years' experience of this prohibitory 
 law for one-seventh of the time, it has so commended it- 
 self to the approbation of the people of Scotland, that, 
 when a similar measure for Ireland was enacted in the 
 British House of Commons, in 187^, 43 out of the 48 Scotch 
 voting members ardently supported it. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Ganterhiiry. — Within the limits of the Ecclesiastical 
 Province of Canterbury (comprising thirty-two English 
 counties, together with North and South Wales) there are 
 to-day about 1,500 parishes, in which there is neither 
 public-house nor beer-shop. The population of these 
 parishes is yearly 250,000, thus showing to the world a 
 
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 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 III,!! 
 
 M 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 quarter of a million of freedom-lovinj^ English people who 
 have been and are living contentedly and happily under 
 total and complete prohibition. As early as 1869, a re- 
 port of the House of Convocation, presented to the Queen, 
 in speaking of these parishes, says : — 
 
 Few, it may be believed, are cognizant of the fact — which has 
 been elicited by the present inquiry — that there are at this time, 
 within the Province of Canterbury, upwards of one thousand parishes 
 in which there is neither public-house nor beer shop ; and where, 
 in consequence of the absence of these inducements to crime and 
 pauperism, according to the evidence before the Committee, the in- 
 telligence, morality, and comfort of the people are such as the 
 friends of temperance would have anticipated. 
 
 In the appendix to the report, under the head of" Good 
 effects of having no public- house or beer-shop," are given 
 extracts from replies of 243 of the clergy, and 11 of chief 
 constables and superintendents of police. They are all con- 
 densed arguments for prohibition : " No public-house, no 
 beer-shop — no crime." " No public-house, no beer-shop — 
 no intemperance." In parishes where there are neither 
 public-houses nor beer-shops, the absence of crime is re- 
 markable. 
 
 English Estates. — The Edinburgh Revieiv of January, 
 1873, alluding to the suppression of the liquor traffic by 
 the land proprietors, says : — 
 
 We have seen a list of eighty-nine estates in England and Scot- 
 land where the drink traffic has been altogether suppressed, with 
 the very happiest social results. The late Lord Palmerston sup- 
 pressed the beer-shops in Romsey as the leases fell in. We know 
 an estate which stretches for miles along the romantic shore of Loch 
 Fj'ne where no whiskey is allowed to be sold. The peasants and 
 fishermen are flourishing. They have all their money in the bank, 
 and they obtain higher wages than their neighbours when they go 
 to sea. 
 
 Low Moor. — A settlement founded by the Messrs. Gar- 
 nett, and of which one of the partners writes, in 1875 : — 
 
 We send some account of the community at Low Moor, which we 
 jwe happy to sa^ still remains without a beer-shop or a public-Jiouije, 
 
 t^: :f 
 
OTHER EIC AMPLER OF PROHIBITION. 
 
 55 
 
 Indeed, we are deficient of so many of the usual adjuncts of civil- 
 izition that we occasionally fancy it is like no other place — certainly 
 it is like none with which we are acquainted. It has neither doctor, 
 lawyer, nor, until lately, parson nor magistrate, neither has it a 
 constable or policeman. It has neither public-house nor beer-shop, 
 dram-shop, pawn-shop, or tommy-shop. It hr'.% neither stocks nor 
 gaol, nor lock-up. We have a population of about 1,100. Our peo- 
 ple can sleep with their doors open, and we have the finest fruit in 
 the district, In season, in our mill windows (which are never fast- 
 ened) without any ever being stolen. Our death-rate is, perhaps, 
 the lowest in the kingdom, taking the average of the last twelve 
 years, it is under sixteen in the thousand. 
 
 Shaftesbury Park Estate, — of which a writer in an Eng- 
 lish paper, in 1875, says : — 
 
 Here, as you are probably aware, no public-house or beer-shop 
 exists. We have here some fourteen hundred houses, with a popu- 
 lation of from three to four thousand, and yet it is a fact that the 
 duties of citizens, of fathers and mothers, of neighbours, and of in- 
 dividuals, are satisfactorily discharged, without its being thought 
 necessary to call in the aid of the publican. During the period of 
 my own residence on that estate, I have seen only two drunken 
 men, and they, moreover, were passing through the streets, not 
 citizens. I have never heard a drunken brawl, never known but 
 one case of a domestic disturbance, and that arose from a husband 
 "mildly correcting " a wife, who, before coming on the estate, had 
 learned to be too fond of her beer. Strange as it may appear, the 
 inhabitants, though by no rmans excbuively teetotalers, are perfectly 
 .ntlsfied, and do not wish that great institution — the beer barrel — 
 to be introduced. 
 
 Saltaire. — This is a manufacturing settlement in York- 
 shire, under the management of the Messrs. Salt. It has 
 a population of 5,000, and is under strict prohibitory rule. 
 
 Mr. James Hole, in his "Homes of the Working Classes," 
 thus writes of it : — 
 
 One thing there is which is not to be found in Saltaire, and Mr. 
 Salt deserves as much praise for its absence as he does for an3^hing 
 he has provided. Not a public-house or beer-shop is there. And 
 what are the results l Briefly these. There are scarcely ever any 
 arrears in rent. Infant mortality is very low as compared with that 
 of Bradford, from which place the majority of hands have come. 
 Illegitimate births are rare. The tone and self-respect of the work- 
 people are much greater than that of factory hands generally. The 
 

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 66 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 wages are not high, but they enable them to secure more of the com- 
 forts and decencies of life than they could elsewhere, owing to the 
 facilities placed with'.i their reach, and the absence of drinking- 
 houses. 
 
 So we have 1,500 English parishes, with a population 
 of 250,000 souls, Low Moor, with over 1,000 people, Sal- 
 taire, with 5,000, and numerous large and populous estates, 
 all testifying to and enjoying the priceless benefits oi 
 strict and steady prohibition. The public-house and beer- 
 shop are banished, business prospers, liberty flourishes, and 
 the people are thrifty, prosperous, and happy. Such fail- 
 ures as these can very well be borne. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Vermont. — This State passed a prohibitory law in 1852, 
 and has r\ever repealed it. To-day it is so strongly en- 
 trenched in the regard of the people that no political party 
 could live for a moment on a basis of opposition to it. From 
 time to time its provisions have been strengthened, and 
 its enforcement gradually improved. From the many tes- 
 timonies to its worth, we have room for but two. 
 
 Governor Peck, Judge of the Supreme Court, says 
 of it: — 
 
 I think the influence of the law has been salutary in diminishing 
 drunkenness and disorders arising therefrom, and also crimes gen- 
 erally. You cannot change the habits of a people momentarily. 
 The law has an efl'ect upcm our customs, and has done away with 
 treating and promiscuous drinking. The law has been aided by 
 moral means, but moral means have also been wonderfully strength- 
 ened by the law. 
 
 1 think the law is educating the people, and that a much larger 
 number now support it than when it was adopted ; in fact, the 
 opposition is dying out. All the changes in the law have been in 
 the direction of greater stringency. In attending to court for ten 
 years. I do not remember to have seen a drunken man , 
 
 Governor Convers testified, in 1874 : — 
 
 The proljibitory law hag been in force about twenty- two years, 
 
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITION. 
 
 57 
 
 The enforcement has been uniform in the State since its enactment, 
 and I consider it a very desirable law. I think the law itself edu- 
 cates and advances public sentiment in favour of temperance. There 
 is no question about the decrease in the consumption of liquor. I 
 speak from personal knowledge, havint,' always lived in the State. 
 I live in Woodstock, sixty miles from here, and there no man hav- 
 ing the least regard for himself would admit selling rum, even 
 though no penalty were attached to it. 
 
 Hepworth Dixon, in his letters to the Englisli papers, 
 in 1874, ^ives a beautiful description of St. Johnsbury 
 — Vermont's principal city — in the course of which he 
 says : — 
 
 What are thfe secrets of this artizans' paradise ? Why is that place 
 so clean, the people so well housed and fed? Why are the little 
 folks so hale in face, so smart in person, so neat in dress ? All 
 voices, I am bound to say, reply to me, that these unusual, yet de- 
 sirable, conditions in a workmen's village spring from a strict en- 
 forcement of the law prohibiting the sale of any species of intoxi- 
 cating drink. . . . The men of Vermont, like those of other 
 northern States, have adopted that public Act, which is known to 
 English jesters and good fellows under the opprobriinis title of the 
 Maine Liquor Law. . . . The Maine Liquor Law is a stringent 
 Act, and it is carried out in parts of the New England States with 
 the unflinching rigour of an Arctic frost. . . . Are there no 
 protests ? None, or next to none ; as year by year goes by, more 
 persons come to see the benefits of our rule. The men who {( rmerly 
 drank most are now the staunchest members of o»ir reform. The 
 men who used to dress in rags are growing rich. Many of them live 
 in their own houses. They attend their churches, and their chil- 
 dren go to school. These facts are not to be suppressed by shrugs 
 and sneers. No authority is visible at St. Johnsbury. No police- 
 man walks the streets — on ordinary days there is nothing for a police- 
 man to do. Six constables are enrolled for duty, but the men are 
 all at work in the scale factories, and only don their uniforms on 
 special days to make a little show. 
 
 Potter County. — This is in Pennsylvania, and has a 
 population of 14,000. Tvyenty years ago it was so noted 
 for its drunkenness that attention was drawn to the sub- 
 ject, and the people elected associate judges pledged to 
 refuse all license applications for five years. The improve- 
 ment was so visible that no-license judges were a second 
 
 "i 
 
 *•" 
 
i 
 
 MM 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ll 
 
 mi 
 
 rlirf 
 
 ll Jll 
 
 ' 'I'll 
 
 "W 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 m' 
 
 II I 
 
 58 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 time elected for a period of five years. Before the expiry 
 of their term, the Legislature was induced to pass a law- 
 prohibiting licenses in the county. For twenty years they 
 have had no licensed hotel or restaurant ; there are suffi- 
 cient places for public accommodation, but no bars in 
 them. Judge Williams, in 1880, gives the following tes- 
 timony : — 
 
 As to results, I can say that, while the county has been steadily 
 growing in population and business, pauperism and crirne have 
 steadily decreased. For the past five years the county jail has been 
 fully one-half the time without any other inmate than the keeper 
 and his family. Twice within the past ten years I have, at the re- 
 gular terms of court, discharged the jury on the secand day of the 
 term, without their having been called to consider a single case of 
 any description. The effect of this system is felt in many ways ; 
 taxes are reduced, the business of the criminal courts greatly dimin- 
 ished, industry snd sobriety take the place of idleness and dissipa- 
 tion, and intelligence and morality are advanced. 
 
 Bnt one effort has been made to repeal this local law, and that 
 has failed by reason of the decided protest of a majority of the trx • 
 payers of the county. 
 
 The Prothonotary of Potter County, 0. H. Crosby, 
 Esq., in a letter dated Coudei-sport, Pa., March 12, 1880, 
 writes : — 
 
 At our December term of court we had no jury, for we had no- 
 thing for them to do. We have no poorhouse in the county, for we 
 have no use for one. Potter county has had no licenses to sell 
 whiskey for nearly thirty years. Therefore our jail is empty about 
 ten months in the year. 
 
 From Report, Board of State Charities, 1880, we quote 
 the following : — 
 
 In reply to your circular of the 16th, we report that the only pub- 
 lic building or institution in Potter county, subject to visitation, is 
 our county jail. Nearly one-half the time it is tenantless, owing 
 in great measure, no doubt, to our prohibitory liquor law, and as 
 there is no necessity for a workshop to be attached to it, there is 
 nothing of account to report in reference to it. 
 
 Maryland. — In this State local option has to be spe- 
 cially enacted by the Legislature for each county, and then 
 
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITIOX. 
 
 59 
 
 adopted by a popular vote. The first count}'- to gain this 
 boon was Worcester, in 1874. The advance has been 
 steady and rapid, and at the present writing very nearly 
 one-half oi the State has adopted, and is now carrying out, 
 the prohibition policy. The results have more than justi- 
 fied expectations. From the official reports of the Presi- 
 deht of the State Prisoners' Aid Society of 187G and 1880, 
 we extract the following testimonies : — 
 
 Worcester Co. — At Snow Hill I found one prisoner. The Local 
 Option law has greatly diminished crime in this county. 
 
 Caroline Co. — Jn the jail here (July 10, 1879) I found no prison- 
 ers. Jn speaking to the Sheriff and other gentlemen about the few 
 offences committed in the county, I found that they attributed it to 
 tlie Local Option law, which has been rigidly enforced, and has cer- 
 tainly had a most wonderful effect in diminishing the number of 
 arrests, and elevating the moral condition of the people generally. 
 
 Hartford Co. — It is a source of gratification to know that Hart- 
 ford County has been redeemed from the liquor traffic, and drunk- 
 enness curtailed throughout its districts. 
 
 Talbot Co. — At Easton the jail contains only one prisoner. The 
 sheriff remarked that the Local Option law in their county had pro- 
 duced a very happy effect in the diminution of crime ; that during 
 the court term, April, 1874, they had seventeen prisoners ; in April, 
 1875, only nine, and these were committed before the law went into 
 operation. Since then, one or two arrests were made for petty of- 
 fences, but not retained. 
 
 I have never been more thoroughly convinced of the great im- 
 portance and advantage of the rigid enforcement of the Local Option 
 law than at the present time. In travelling through Talbot, Dor- 
 chester, Caroline, and Kent counties, during three weeks of last 
 August, I did not meet a single person under the influence of liquor, 
 for ni most all the districts of these counties the Local Option law 
 is enforced. I next visited Queen Anne's County, where they have 
 three districts where the Local Option law exists, and three where 
 it does not. I reached Centreville on Sunday afternoon, about four 
 o'clock, and had only been a few minutes in the place when I saw 
 several men reeling along the street, scarcelj able to stand. In visit- 
 ing the jail, I learned that 163 prisoners had been committed to the 
 jail from January, 1878, to August, 1879, and that almost all of 
 these prisoners had been sent from these three districts where the 
 Local Option law does not exist. In several visits made to Denton, 
 Caroline County, where the Local Option law has been rigidly en- 
 forced for the past five or six years, and has been proven beyond a 
 
Iff 
 
 60 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 
 i!!<:l! 
 
 Il'l; 
 
 l^iillln 
 
 doubt to be a grand success, I found no prisoner in the jail, and, by 
 consulting the jail record, found that only 33, for petty offences, 
 had been committed from January, 1878, to August, 1879. The 
 Sheriff stated that now they really had very little use for a jail in 
 this county. Taxes have also been reduced year after year. 
 
 Judicial statistics confirm the above testimony in a won- 
 derful degree. For the three terms of court immediately 
 preceding the adoption of prohibition, the presentments 
 made by the Grand Jury were — For Caroline Co., 45 ; 
 Worcester Co., 116 ; and Dorchester Co., 100. For the 
 three terms of court immediately succeeding the enforce- 
 ment of prohibition, the presentments made by the Grand 
 Jury were — For Caroline Co., 22 ; Worcester Co., 38 ; and 
 Dorchester Co., 57, a falling off in crime of 60 per cent. 
 In Worcester Co., the fees of the State's Attorney fell dur- 
 ing the first year of the enforcement of the law, from 
 $1,200 to about $300, and the State's Attorney for Talbot 
 Co. reports a nearly similar experience. 
 
 The President of the State Prisoners' Aid Society con- 
 cludes his report as follows : — 
 
 The Local Option law has produced the most favourable results. 
 Of this I have the strongest evidence in the decrease of prisoners, 
 which I noticed in my visitations to certain counties, and in such 
 districts where the law has been enforced. I have made diligent 
 efforts to procure information from reliable parties. I have ex- 
 amined the prisons, and held special interviews with the Sheriffs 
 and other officers, who were expected to know its effects, and am 
 iuformed that it has prodiic-ed the most decided and happy changes 
 in promoting peace, safety, and quiet where formerly riot, noise, 
 and disorder prevailed ; especially on public days and on Saturday 
 nights after the working men were paid off. 
 
 Vineland, New Jersey, Pop. 11,000. — This town was 
 founded in 1861, by the Hon. C'as. K. Landis, and from 
 its commencement has allowed no traffic in intoxicating 
 liquors. The license question is submitted to the public 
 each spring, and scarcely more than a score or two of per- 
 sons can be found to vote in its favour. From 1867 to 
 1872 inclusive, the police expenses of the town averaged 
 
OTHER EXAMPLES Of PROSlBlTlOK. 
 
 Gl 
 
 $70, and the poor expenses S390 per year. In 1873 Mr. 
 Landis in an address before the Judiciary Committee of 
 the New Jersey Legislature said : — 
 
 There is a material and industrial prosperity existing in Vine- 
 land which, though I say it myself, is unexampled in the history of 
 colonization, and must be due to more than ordinary causes. The 
 influence of temperance upon the health and industry of her people 
 is no doubt the principal of these causes. Started when the country 
 was plunged in civil war, its progress was continually onward. 
 Young as the settlement was, it sent its quota of men to the field, 
 and has paid over $60,000 of war debts. The settlement has built 
 twenty fine school-houses, ten churches, and kept one of the finest 
 systems of road improvements, covering 178 miles, in this country. 
 There are now some fifteen manufacturing establishments on the 
 Vineland tract, and they are constantly increasing in number. 
 Her stores in extent and building will rival any other place in 
 South Jersey. There are seventeen miles of railroad upon the 
 tract, embracing six railway stations. The amount of products sent 
 away to market is enormous. The poorest of her people seek to 
 make their homes beautiful. 
 
 The following letter is among the latest testimony from 
 Vineland : — 
 
 Vineland, N. J,, May 17, 1880. 
 
 Deak Sir, — Having been very busy it has been impossible to 
 answer yours sooner. As regards the temperance feature of this 
 town there is no change. We vote on the license question every 
 spring, and to the best of my recollection, out of a voting popula- 
 tion of an average of 1,200, the vote in favour of license has not 
 been in any year over thirty-five or forty. When a liquor dealer 
 shows his head some one or other goes for him. Three places that 
 had been selling slyly were closed this spring, one of the parties 
 was locked up for months, the others fined and broken up. 
 
 We have no paupers ; but we appropriate $600 a year to assist 
 deserving poor. 
 
 Our ]jolice costs us just $100 per annum. Habitual drunkards 
 we have none, or at least I never see any, and know of none. I 
 have lived here twelve years and feel that 1 am posted. We have 
 a small lock-up that is only used for occasional tramps. While we 
 have no liquor saloons we have twenty-four school houses, one of 
 them costing $30,000. We have excellent churches of all denomin- 
 ations, some of them costing $20,000 and $25,000. An earthqtiake 
 would not shake this community any more than a licensed saloon. 
 
 Kespectfully, 
 
 S. F ?OWLER, P M. 
 
w^ 
 
 ir-' 
 
 ¥\ 
 
 62 
 
 cAjfADA Temperance manual. 
 
 : (I ' r 
 
 II 
 
 iiiii 
 
 iiitiiii 
 iiii 
 
 liiii^ 
 
 Comparing Vineland, N. J., with New Britain, Conn., 
 in 1873, let ns mark tlie instructive result. Both are 
 cities largely engaged in manufacturing, and have a pop- 
 ulation of 11,000 each. Vineland is under effective pro- 
 hibition, whilst New Britain is under license : 
 
 New Britain. Vineland, 
 
 Cost of pauperism $ 8,600 $224 
 
 Police 7,500 75 
 
 Liquor sold 319,000 00 
 
 Habitual drunkards 497 27 
 
 Dramshops 80 00 
 
 New Britain has one drunkard to every twenty-two 
 persons ; Vineland one to every four hundred persons. 
 The valuation of property in Vineland is $4,500,000, and 
 the taxation is only 3J mills on the dollar. 
 
 Carrol Co., Georgia. — This has afforded one of the most 
 significant instances of the success of prohibition ever 
 recorded. We quote extracts from a recently published 
 statement by President Haygood of Emory College. 
 
 No county in Georgia had more still-houses and bar-rooms to 
 the number of inhabitants than Carroll, twenty years ago. Drink- 
 ing-places were not only to be found in the little towns, but also at 
 the cross-roads and country places throughout the county. No 
 more unfavourable place for the success of prohibition could have 
 been selected than this county. It was settled by a class of citizens 
 who regarded plenty of com whiskey and peach brandy as essential 
 to good living. Liquor was sold without scruple and drank without 
 stint. Many of the people spent all their means, beyond a bare 
 living, for strong drink. Education and churches were neglected. 
 Ignorance and vice prevailed to such an alarming extent that the 
 very name of the county became a byword and reproach in the State. 
 
 Some determined men set to work to remedy this state 
 of things, and after twelve years of earnest work secured 
 the passage of a bill by the Legislature prohibiting the 
 sale of liquor. Speaking of the results President Haygood 
 continues : — 
 
 1. The trade of the town has been more than doubled. Before 
 the liquor traffic was abolished the trade of the place was about 
 
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PHOHlBlTlON. 
 
 63 
 
 $200,000 a year ; now it is about $500,000 a year. There are thirty 
 stores in town, and I do not know of a single merchant amongbt 
 them who would not vote against the liquor traffic on purely busi- 
 ness grounds. John W. Stewart, who has made a fortune, says, as 
 a business man, that he would not have liquor back for any con- 
 sideration. Some of our leading merchants were opposed to pro- 
 hibition at first, because they feared that it would injure their trade. 
 They are unanimously in favour of it now. The $30,000 that was 
 spent here for whiskey prior to 1875 is now spent in building houses, 
 improving stock, draining lands and paying taxes. The fiU'iners 
 are nearly all out of debt. Many of the men who were spending 
 all their money for whiskey have (|uit drinking and are making a 
 support for their families. 
 
 2. The argument that men would di'ink anyhow does not hold 
 good but with very few. Perhaps there are in every town some 
 few men who have drank so long that they are slaves to the habit. 
 Such men wf)uld send off and get whiskey and drink anyhow. But 
 we have learned that, with nearly all the people, whiskey is like 
 watermelons, the siipply creates the demand. l>o away with the 
 supply and there will be no demand, as a general thing. By pro- 
 hibiting the sale of whiskey in the towns of Georgia we will soon 
 have a generation of young men who will have no desires for it 
 whatever. 
 
 3. In a moral point of view, the results of this movement in our 
 town have been perfectly remarkable. The solicitor of this judicia* 
 circuit says there is less crime in this county than any other in the 
 circuit. Most of the people have joined the church. Profanity is 
 almost unknown. On the train that comes daily into Carrolton, 
 not an officer on it ever swears an oath. The soberness and quiet 
 Avhich prevails here, even on election days and court week, strike 
 visitors as being wonderful. At a barbecue last year, though there 
 were together about 4000 people, Col. Thomas Hardeman, who 
 spoke on the occasion, said that he never saw a drunken man. He 
 regarded it as something almost new under the sun." 
 
 Edwards Co., Illinois. — In the following significant 
 facts lately submitted by the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
 of the county the economy of temperance is strikingly 
 illustrated : — 
 
 There has not been a licensed saloon in this county for over 
 twenty-five years. During that time our jail has not averaged an 
 occupant. This county never sent but one person to the peniten- 
 tiary, and that man was sent up for killing his wife while drunk, 
 on whiskey which he had obtained from a licensed saloon in an 
 adjoining county. We have but very few paupers in our poor- 
 
i 'I'!: 
 
 64 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 1 !''• 
 
 house, sometimes only thre*» t four. Our taxes are thirty-two per 
 cent, lower than they are in adjoining counties where saloons are 
 licensed. Our people are prosperous, peaceable, and sober, there 
 being very little drinking, except near Grayville, a licensed town of 
 White County, near our border. The different terms of our Circuit 
 Court occupy three or four days each year, and then the dockets 
 are cleared. Our people are so well satisfied with the present state 
 of things that a very large majority of them would bitterly oppose 
 any eflfort made in favour of license under any circumstances. 
 
 Lack of space forbids the continuation of this subject. 
 We believe, that an honest, intelligent person will find it 
 impossible to read the foregoing chapters and not be con- 
 vinced of the practicability and wonderful results of pro- 
 hibitory legislation. So strong is the evidence in its 
 favour, and so deep a hold has it taken on the public 
 mind, that one can tind scarcely a State in the American 
 Union in which there is not an earnest, active and power- 
 ful agitation in progress for the adoption of stringent 
 prohibitory measures. In no State has any backward 
 steps been taken within the past few years, wnile, in 
 many, radical measures have either succeeded or devel- 
 oped unlooked fcr strength. Kansas, with a million peo- 
 ple, passed in 1880, a constitutional amendment, prohibit- 
 ing forever the manufacture and sale of intoxicating li- 
 quors for beverage purposes. The law giving force to that 
 amendment, went into operation, May 1st, 1881. and ad- 
 vices from all parts of the Stats testify to the almost 
 entire closing out of breweries, bars, and saloons. Ne- 
 braska, in 1881, adopted a law by which the minimum fee 
 for license, in all towns with over 10,000 people, is fiKed 
 at $1000, and for all places of less population, $(>00. 
 North Carolina passed a law, in January, 1881, prohibiting 
 the manufacture and sale of liquor in that State, and this 
 is to be submitted to a popular vote in August of this 
 year. South Carolina has prohibited the sale of liqucr 
 except in incorporated towns, and thus placed the larger 
 part of her territory under prohibition. Tenessee has 
 adopted a law whiv h prohibits the dramshops from being 
 
 /■■ 
 
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITION. 
 
 65 
 
 opened within four miles of an incorporated school, and 
 the people are incorporating schools in every direction 
 and thus driving out the saloons. Alabama has nearly 
 half her territory under Local Option prohibition. Massa- 
 chusetts refuses to license the sale of liquor in two-thirds 
 ot* the State. Large areas of New York, Illinois, Wis- 
 consin, Louisiana, New Jersey, and other States are 
 under the sway of prohibition by virtue of Local Option 
 clauses in their License laws. New Hampshire has a pro- 
 hibitory law, with 0[)tion clauses in favour of malt li- 
 quors. Iowa and Indiana have each passed a consti- 
 tutional amendment throu«di one session of their Leoris- 
 Ifitures, and are inakin<x a ijrand ctlbrt for the next ses- 
 sions, when if successful, it will go to the peo})le of each 
 State for final adoption. In Great Britain the trend is in 
 the direction of stronjijer restrictive measures looking; 
 towards ultimate prohibition. In Canada the people are 
 niakin<x their voices and votes felt in the same direction. 
 The coming ten years will probably see the adoption of 
 prohibition over the greater part of Anglo-Saxon countries. 
 The aggravated evils of Intemperance which refuse to 
 retire before the unaided power of moral suasion, the 
 l)a})py and beneficent results that have everywhere arisen 
 from fairly enforced prohibitory laws, and the earnest 
 <^ood sense of a generation which is determined to put 
 this " gigantic crime of crimes " beneath its ban, will 
 work hand in hand to bring about the long looked for 
 day, when legalized drunkard-making shall be no longer 
 condoned or supported by a Christian people in a Christ" 
 ian country. 
 
 has 
 
vf I ■ 
 
 I- 
 
 lit!' 
 
 ii 
 
 66 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 Ii; 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 I lli:':' 
 
 i::: 
 
 §■{'■)■ 
 
 Nothing has been more common, with opponents of 
 the Canada Temperance Act, than the assertion that 
 crime is more rife in Maine than in countries under license ; 
 and nothing could well be more untrue to fact. A consider- 
 ation of the following statistics, carefully compiled from 
 official sources, will enable one to estimate for himself 
 the truthfulness of this oft-repeated assertion. Of course, 
 no one will contend that the number of arrests for drunk- 
 enness is, in all cases, an absolutely correct test of the 
 amount of drunkenness in a community. The greater or 
 less stringency of the authorities in making arrests intro- 
 duces a variable element. But in a comparison between 
 license and prohibitory communities, the advantage is 
 altogether with the former ; for, where prohibitory laws 
 are carried out, arrests are more strict and prosecutions 
 more vigorous. In cities situated in prohibitory countries, 
 the arrests for drunkenness are especially misleading ; for 
 to cities come hard drinkers from the rural districts, 
 where it is impossible to get liquor, and these help to swell 
 the number arrested for drunkenness in the cities. Thus 
 the arrests in Portland, Maine, are no test of the drunk- 
 enness among the citizens of Portland alone, for these 
 arrests include persons from the surrounding counties, 
 who, unable to find liquor at home, make the best use of 
 all possible facilities when in the city, and so add to its 
 apparent drunkenness. Bearing this in mind let us un- 
 dertake our investigations. And for this purpose Ontario 
 may be chosen to represent Canada, chiefly because On- 
 tario has the best system of criminal statistics. First then 
 let us glance at 
 
 '!»( 
 
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 67 
 
 Ontario's remarkable increase in crime 
 
 during the past eleven years, and the official reasons given 
 therefor. This will satisfy any honest citizen of the hol- 
 lowness of the cry so often raised, that things are quite 
 well enough now, and there is no need of further legisla- 
 lation. 
 
 Total commit- 
 
 
 Total sentenced to 
 
 Total Drunk 
 
 ir. ments for all 
 
 Intemperate. 
 
 Jails and 
 
 and 
 
 crimes. 
 
 
 Penitentiaries. 
 
 Disorderly. 
 
 1869.... 5655 
 
 3443 
 
 not given 
 
 1793 
 
 1870. . 
 
 . 6379 
 
 4080 
 
 • • • • 
 
 2263 
 
 1871.. 
 
 . 6615 
 
 4046 
 
 • • * • 
 
 2194 
 
 1872.. 
 
 . 6958 
 
 4261 
 
 4043 
 
 2615 
 
 1873. . 
 
 .. 7877 
 
 5444 
 
 6236 
 
 3197 
 
 1874,. 
 
 . 9488 
 
 6460 
 
 6325 
 
 3370 
 
 1875.. 
 
 .10073 
 
 6392 
 
 6281 
 
 3663 
 
 1876.. 
 
 .11236 
 
 6542 
 
 7011 
 
 3868 
 
 1877.. 
 
 .13481 
 
 8268 
 
 8470 
 
 4032 
 
 1878.. 
 
 . . 120.30 
 
 7895 
 
 7824 
 
 3785 
 
 1879.... 
 
 ..11220 
 
 7805 
 
 6800 
 
 3581 
 
 1880.. 
 
 .11300 
 
 7751 
 
 7036 
 
 3795 
 
 From this table it will be seen that, in eleven years, the 
 commitments for all crimes have increased one hundred per 
 cent. ; the commitments for drunkenness one hundred 
 and eleven per cent; that the intemperate criminals form 
 about seventy per cent, of the entire number, and that 
 the " Drunks and Disorderlies" constitute about thirty- 
 three per cent, of all criminals, and have been steadily in- 
 creasing in ratio since 18G9. 
 
 As to the causes of this astonishing increase of crime, 
 let the Official Reports themselves speak. The Report of 
 the Inspector of Prisons for Ontario, in 1874, page 67, 
 ascribes this excessive increase of crime as especially due: 
 
 To a very marked incease in sale and consumption of intoxi- 
 cating liquors, resulting in an increase in drunkenness, disorderly 
 conduct, vagrancy and crime. The increased revenue receipts of 
 the Province from Licenses to sell liquor in a retail way, is sufficient 
 proof that the traffic, in its most objectio]i.able form, is increasing ii) 
 volume every year. 
 
68 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 R. ' ' ' 
 
 ' 
 
 Statistics show this increase to have been over one hundred per 
 cent, in the past eight years. That such increase in the use of in- 
 toxicating liquors, is producing a more than corresponding increase 
 in drunkenness, pauperism and crime, the observation and experi- 
 ence of every observing man abundantly proves. And this con- 
 clusion is fully corroborated by the criminal statistics attached to 
 this report. 
 
 For the past two years 53 per cent, of the entire committals to out 
 common gaols were those dealt with for drunk and disorderly con- 
 duct and vagrancy. The proportion of committals for these offences 
 during the four preceding years was 49 per cent, of the whole num- 
 ber, proving conclusively that at least one-third of the year's increase 
 is directly due to the excessive use of intoxicating liquors, and can 
 it be denied that another one-third is not directly due to the same 
 cause ? For four years preceding 1873-74, 61 per cent, of the entire 
 committals were of intemperate habits ; during the past two years, 
 08 per cent. — an increase of 7 per cent, in two years. It is clear, 
 therefore, that drunkenness has been the most fruitful cause of the 
 excessive increase in our gaol population for the past two years. 
 
 In the Report of 1877, page 56, we find : — 
 
 The commitals for offences against public order and peace have 
 increased 200 per cent in the last eight years, clearly showing that 
 while crime and criminals have increased very largely, and in much 
 greater ratio than the ordinary population, offenders against public 
 order and peace — chiefly drunken, disorderly, and vagrant charac- 
 ters, have increased to an enormous extent. 
 
 On pages 69 and 70 of Report for 1880, we read : — 
 
 The offences against "public order and peace," of which drunk- 
 enness and vagrancy constitute more than nine-tenths, increased 
 from 2886, in 1869, to 6,640 in 1880, being an increase of 132 per 
 cent. These figures show conclusively that the large increase in the 
 number of commitments to common gaols during the past eleven 
 years, and more particularly the abnormally great increase which 
 took place between the years 1873 to 1877, was mainly due to the 
 prevalence of drunkenness, and the kindred offences of vagrancy 
 and disorderly conduct. The number of committals for drunken- 
 ness and disorderly conduct shows a small increase in 1880 over the 
 preceding year (1879) . 
 
 This startling . increase in crime will be still more ap- 
 parent if we compare 1869 with 1879 in commitments for 
 various crimes : — 
 
 f 
 
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 69 
 
 1869. 1879. p. c. 
 
 Felonious assault 4G 125 incr'se 172 
 
 Cutting, wounding, stabbing and 
 
 shooting 31 G2 •* 100 
 
 Rape 27 45 " 66 
 
 Attempted suicide — 6 " — 
 
 Arson 34 49 *' 44 
 
 Burglary 26 103 " 300 
 
 Forgery 22 64 " 200 
 
 Fraud 52 131 *' 150 
 
 Housebreaking and robbery 68 102 ** 50 
 
 Bigamy 9 14 " 55 
 
 Inmates and frequenters of houses 
 
 of ill-fame 29 189 '' 550 
 
 Perjury 6 25 " 316 
 
 Indecent assault and exposure... 8 41 ". 412 
 
 Drunk and disorderly 1792 3581 " 100 
 
 Vagrancy 783 2536 '' 230 
 
 All crimes 5655 11220 " 100 
 
 Does not this remarkable and most deplorable increase 
 of crime, out of all proportion to the increase in popula- 
 tion, plead in eloquent terms for some measure of efficient 
 and speedy action ? And when the evidence is indispu- 
 table, that by far the greater part of this increase is due 
 to the sale and use of intoxicating liquors, is it not the 
 duty of all good citizens to earnestly consider and speed- 
 ily put into operation some effective machinery for the 
 suppression of intemperance ? Surely such a state of 
 things is not satisfactory to Canadian citizens. 
 
 Let us new return for a moment to 
 
 THE STATE OF MAINE. 
 
 The cry has been raised that crime is terribly on the 
 increase in that State, and is far greater in proportion to 
 population than in Ontario. Let us see. 
 
 Below are given, in separate columns, the jail commit- 
 ments for all crimes, the number of persons sentenced to 
 State prisons, and to jails, for crimes other than licjuor 
 selling, and the number for liquor selling. These have been 
 
ir^ ■ 
 
 :i:- 
 
 nm- 
 
 70 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 i'Kl 
 
 $: 
 
 
 fi 
 
 compiled from the State Reports, and published by Ex- 
 Governor Dingley : — 
 
 Year. 
 
 1860^ 
 
 1861 
 
 ]862 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 j 
 
 1875. 
 
 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Jail committals 
 for all crimes. 
 
 I 
 
 2,199 
 1,987 
 2,360 
 2,225 
 2,658 
 2,309 
 
 Sentences to 
 State Prison. 
 
 42 
 66 
 88 
 49 
 16 
 30 
 104 
 60 
 43 
 87 
 64 
 69 
 49 
 24 
 67 
 40 
 70 
 78 
 72 
 74 
 69 
 
 Sentences 
 
 to 
 
 Jails. 
 
 46 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 41 
 
 94 
 
 85 
 
 53 
 
 81 
 
 73 
 
 58 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 51 
 108 
 140 
 113 
 104 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 Sentences for 
 
 violating 
 Liquor Law. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 30 
 50 
 60 
 75 
 51 
 86 
 78 
 70 
 
 From the above figures we gather the following : — 
 
 Sentences to State Prison^ 1866-1871 for crimes besides rumselling 407 
 
 " " 1875-1880 " " 388 
 
 Decrease in six years ending 1880 19 
 
 or 4^ per cent. 
 
 Sentences to Jails and State Prison, 1866-71 for crimes besides rumselling 851 
 «' " " 1875-'81 995 
 
 Increase in six years ending 1880 
 or 17 per cent, in six years. 
 
 144 
 
 A decrease in higher crimes of 4J per cent., in compar- 
 ing six years from 1866 with six years from 1875, and an 
 increase of but 17 per cent, in all sentences for crimes 
 outside of rumselling in the same period, is certainly re- 
 markable, especially when we take into account that 1875, 
 76, 77, and 78, were years of very hard times, when 
 
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 7lr 
 
 tramps, driven by penal laws from other States, infested the 
 country, and thefts and larcenies were unusually rife. 
 
 State Prison. Jails. 
 
 1866- year after close of the war— sentenced 104 94 
 
 1869 87 81 
 
 1880 59 73 
 
 From 1 860 to 1865, were the years of the war, in which 
 the roving, adventurous, and reckless characters were 
 drawn off to the terrible contest in the South. The roll 
 of criminals is comparatively small. In 1866, the soldiers, 
 camp followers, and adventurers, had returned, and the 
 roll of crime leaps up as it did all over the United States. 
 From that time until the present there has been a gradual 
 lessening of crimes, which would have been even greater, 
 but for the severe season of depression from 1875 to 1878. 
 In 1879 and 1880 the numbers ripidly diminish. 
 
 A careful consideration of the above lists and explana- 
 tions, will sufficiently dispose o^^ the cry of great increase 
 of crime in Maine, and prepare us for the remarkable con- 
 trast between Maine and Or carlo. 
 
 19 
 
 144 
 
 ONTARIO AND MAINE COMPARED. 
 
 The following is a table of commitments for all crimes 
 in Ontario and Maine, for the respective years : 
 
 Commitments for Commitments for 
 
 all crimes. dnink and disorderly. 
 
 Year Ontario. Maine. Ontario. Maine. 
 
 1875 10,073 2, 199 3,063 
 
 1876. 11,236 1,987 3,868 
 
 1877 13,481 2,360 4,032 
 
 1878 12,030 2,225 3,785 
 
 1879 11,220 2,658 3.581 
 
 1880 11,300 2,309 3,795 
 
 Total for six years 69,340 13,738 22,724 4,579* 
 
 Averageperyear. 11,557 2,289 3,786 763 
 
 Which shows that Ontario has absolutely nearly five 
 TIMES THE CRIME, and MORE THAN FIVE TIMES THE DRUNK- 
 
 * ])l)Bt|niated at one-third of the total commitments, 
 
1! 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 w 
 
 [\,\ 
 
 i" 
 
 MB 
 
 72 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 ENNESS of Maine ; and in pioportion to population, nearly 
 TWICE THE CRIME AND DRUNKENNESS ! Can any thing be 
 more conclusive ? 
 
 A^ain, we append a second table of comparison for tlie 
 year, 1 880— 
 
 K«. ..««i«. Numbers in Numher in Pri- „^?"y''*'rfJ'] 
 
 •' "' at end of year. 
 
 Ontario 11,300 23G 1,597 1,849 4,370 
 
 Maine.. 2,809 62 414 534 970 
 
 From which it appears that Maine, under all these heads, 
 falls far below Ontario, in its proportion of criminals and 
 lunatics. 
 
 Comparing the convicts in the Penitentiaries of Canada 
 with those in the State Prison of Maine, in the years 
 1870 and 1879, and the rate of increase we find the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 Total convicts. Rate of increase. 
 
 1870. 1879. 
 
 Canada 811 1 ,347 60 per cent. 
 
 Halifax 46 92 100 
 
 *St. John 79 152 99 '' 
 
 Kingston and St. Vincent 
 
 de Paul (1873) 506 1,066 110 '' 
 
 Maine 174 206 18 " !! 
 
 This is sufficiently startling in itself, but is made still 
 more so when we remember the fact that convicts in Maine 
 are sent to State Prison for one year and upwards, whilst 
 in Canadian Penitentiaries, tivo years is the minimum 
 term of imprisonment. 
 
 Cities of Maine compared with cities of Ontario. 
 
 We give below a comparative statement of arrests for 
 1880 in Belleville, Hamilton, Bangor and Maine. The 
 principal crimes are tabulated with the arrests under each, 
 and the percentage of arrests in Hamilton and Belleville, 
 over those in Bangor, in proportion to population : 
 
 *NoTE— (Short term prisoners are included in the figures from St. John.) 
 
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 73 
 
 ExcpHH in arrests iu 
 Hamilton over 
 Hamilton. Bangor. Bangor. 
 
 Assaults 331 G2 175 per cent. 
 
 Prunk 579 1G4 80 " 
 
 Drunk and disorderly . . 201 73 45 " 
 
 Disorderly 77 17 80 ** 
 
 Vagrancy 172 1 8,500 ** 
 
 Larceny 243 26 380 " 
 
 Fightinij on streets 47 
 
 Lodgers 2420 433 200 " 
 
 Total arrests 2543 540 140 " 
 
 Excess of arrests in 
 Belleville over 
 Belleville. Bangor. Bangor. 
 
 Assaults 55 02 (50 per cent. 
 
 Drunk... 179 104 90 " 
 
 Drunk and disorderly.. 87 73 110 " 
 
 Disorderly 10 17 05 '* 
 
 Vagrancy 38 1 
 
 Larceny 39 20 ICO " 
 
 Fighting on streets 23 
 
 Lodgers 432 433 80 " 
 
 Total arrests 812 540 165 ** 
 
 The population of Hamilton is 35,000, of Belleville, 
 about 10,000, and of Bangor 18,000. 
 
 Next let us compare the arrests for Lewiston and Au- 
 l)urn (population 28,000) in Maine, with those of Hamilton, 
 for the year 1880 : 
 
 Lewiston and Auburn. Hamilton. Per cent, of Hamilton arrests 
 
 over those of Lewiston 
 and Auburn, in pro- 
 portion to population. 
 
 Total arrests 282 2,543 620 per cent, greater. 
 
 Arrests for drunk 
 
 and disorderly 80 780 680 " " 
 
 Assaults 50 331 432 " " 
 
 Larceny 30 243 500 " " 
 
 Lewiatoii and Auburn has one arrest for every 112 people, one drunk for every 400 
 Hamilton do 13 do do 46,' 
 
 Hamilton has nine times the crime and drunkenness 
 that Lewiston and Auburn has in lyroportion to popu- 
 lation. 
 
:IJf 
 
 I?' 
 
 
 74 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 Let US next make a comparison of Bangor, Portland, 
 Hamilton and Toronto, and see how criminality and ex- 
 pense of police stand, for the year 1880 : 
 
 Bangor. Portland. Hamilton. Toronto. 
 
 Population 18000 36000 35000 90000 
 
 Total arrests 546 2213 2543 6939 
 
 Lodgers 433 1157 2420 
 
 Police force 9 39 44 143 
 
 Cost of police per 
 
 head 33cents 83 cents 88 cents $110 
 
 Arrests to number 
 
 of inhabitants.... 1 to 33 1 to 16 1 to 13 1 to 15 
 
 From the above we learn that Bangor and Portland, 
 the two largest cities in Maine, and where the Prohibitory 
 Law has been least faithfully administered, stand far 
 ahead of the larger Ontario cities in freedom from crime 
 and pauperism, and in lessened cost of police. 
 
 MAINE COMPARED WITH LICENSE STATES. 
 
 A favourite assertion with anti-prohibitionists is that 
 Maine, with all her prohibition, is no better off in respect 
 to crime than her sister license States. Suppose we test 
 this in the light of facts, taken from the Official Reports 
 of Maine and Connecticut for 1880 : 
 
 Convicts in State Prison at 
 the end of year 1880. 
 
 Conn. Maine. 
 
 For murder 32 21 
 
 manslaughter 5 5 
 
 rape 18 9 
 
 murderous assaults 11 7 
 
 robbery 5 4 
 
 arson 3 7 
 
 forgery 9 9 
 
 burf^lary 68 4 
 
 all other crimes . . 125 133 
 
 Total 261 199 
 
 Conn. Maine. 
 
 to 
 
 4142 
 134 
 
 837 
 
 2309 
 60 
 414 
 
 Commitments 
 jails 
 
 Sentenced to State 
 Prison 
 
 Total prison popula- 
 tion at end of year 
 
 Proportion of jail 
 and prison popu- 
 lation to popula- 
 tion of State 1 to 740 1 to 1570 
 
 Proportion of com- 
 mittals to gaols to 
 pop. of State 1 to 150 1 to 290 
 
 Bearing in mind that the population of Connecticut is 
 ab()ut 26,000 less than that of Maine, the facts brought 
 
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 75 
 
 out above present a very decided contrast to the glib 
 assertion, so recklessly made, and warrant the statement 
 that, taken all in all, Connecticut under license, with a 
 less population than Maine under prohibition, has more 
 than twice the crime. 
 
 The official reports of 1880 show the following prison 
 population in the States named below, at the close of the 
 year 1880, and the proportion to the population in each 
 State : 
 
 Conn. Penn. Mass. Maine. 
 
 Total in prisons 837 4623 3821 414 
 
 Population to proportion 1 to 740 1 to 926 1 to 467 1 to 1570 
 
 By which it appears, taking the prison population at the 
 end of the year, that Connecticut has more than twice, 
 Pennsylvania about one and three-quarters, and Massa- 
 chusetts more than thrice the crime of Maine in propor- 
 tion to population ! 
 
 The following figures, taken from the Eleventh An- 
 nual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics, 
 show the number of convicts in the various State Prisons, 
 and the average number of convicts to the population. 
 Aa examination of the table will show that Maine has 
 less crime than any State of the Union, with exception of 
 Minnesota and Wisconsin. 
 
 State. 
 
 Convicts 
 
 . 1 to each 
 
 State. Convicts 
 
 . 1 to each 
 
 Alabama 
 
 873 
 
 1400 people. 
 
 New Hamp- 
 
 
 
 California . . . 
 
 1318 
 
 600 ' 
 
 shire 
 
 180 
 
 1900 people 
 
 Connecticut ... 
 
 278 
 
 2200 ♦• 
 
 
 New York. ... 
 
 3488 
 
 1400 " 
 
 Florida 
 
 163 
 
 1600 ' 
 
 
 North Caroli- 
 
 
 
 Georgia 
 
 1239 
 1636 
 
 1100 • 
 1800 * 
 
 
 na 
 
 495 
 1633 
 
 2800 •' 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Ohio 
 
 1900 " 
 
 Indiana 
 
 1231 
 
 1600 ' 
 
 
 Pennsylvania . 
 
 1764 
 
 2300 " 
 
 Iowa 
 
 698 
 
 2300 ' 
 
 
 Rhode Island,. 
 
 92 
 
 3000 " 
 
 Maine 
 
 221 
 
 3000 ' 
 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 372 
 
 2600 " 
 
 Maryland 
 
 927 
 
 1000 • 
 
 
 Texas 
 
 1738 
 
 900 " 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 757 
 
 2300 ' 
 
 
 Vermont 
 
 176 
 
 1900 " 
 
 Minnesota, , . . . 
 
 218 
 
 3500 ' 
 
 
 Wisgousin, , ., 
 
 346 
 
 3700 " 
 
fpji 
 
 76 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 1 
 
 11 i 
 
 III 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 VAIUOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 
 OBJECTIONS TO THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT. 
 
 1. It is 2)(iTtial prohibition; I will support nothinfj but 
 a general and complete Prohibitory Law. 
 
 Tlie person who declares as above is in the position of 
 one who, because he cannot have a whole loaf, refuses to 
 receive any. The Parliament was importuned to pass a 
 Prohibitory Law for the Dominion. It refused to do so on 
 the ground, that the country was not ready for it. " Show 
 us tliat Canadians wish a Prohibitory Law," it said to us, 
 " and in order that you may do this, here is an option 
 measure to vote upon, and which will allow any county 
 or city that wishes to protect itself from the traffic to do 
 so." And it gave us the Canada Temperance Act. We shall 
 get no advance until we show Parliament, by adopting 
 this law in a majority of the constituencies of Canada, 
 that the country's sentiment would support the general 
 law. The great body of Temperance men accept this Act, 
 and are content to work through it up to complete prohi- 
 bition. If they were to throw away this and attempt the 
 passage of a Prohibitory Law in Canada, they would have 
 to fight the whole liquor interest united ; now the contests 
 divide that interest. Then the loss of over S4«,000,000 
 yearly revenue, would have to be met. The brewers and 
 distillers, whose property would be rendered useless, would 
 cry for compensation, and all the objections on ground of 
 interference with trade, individual rights, liberty of con- 
 science, sumptuary laws, alleged failure of Prohibition, 
 &c., &c., would be chanted in united chorus by the de^ 
 
vauious objections answered. 
 
 11 
 
 fenders of the traffic. There does not seem the slightest 
 probability that if we give up this Act the Parliament 
 will grant us Prohibition. The person who ties himself 
 to the above objection, simply obstructs the gaining of 
 that which he professes to wish for, and refuses to help 
 ji ])art, because, forsooth, he cannot cure the whole. 
 
 The Act is sectional in its operation, and in this lies its 
 reco^nmendation. Any city or county, whose public sen- 
 timent is ready for it, can call it into force and reap its 
 benefits. And although these benefits are not so great as 
 would accrue, if the whole country were under Prohibi- 
 tion, yet they are definite and to be desired. The educat- 
 ing tendency in the agitation for this Act, which must bo 
 thoroughly discussed before it can be adopted, is of ines- 
 timable value. The good effects resulting from the enforce- 
 ment of the law in one locality, affords the best of argu- 
 ments, that from experience, why it should be tried in 
 others. County can be added to county, and so large 
 areas covered by the operations of the Act. In this way 
 the whole Province of Prince Edward Island, about three- 
 fifths of New Brunswick, a considerable portion of Mani- 
 toba, and large and increasing areas in Nova Scotia, are 
 being joined county by county, and so the country i;i 
 marching on to complete Prohibition, without violently 
 disturbing any great interest, and with the sufficient 
 backing of majority sentiment in each municipality. 
 
 It is true that those who are determined to have liquor 
 will go to outside cities and counties and get it ; but it is 
 equally true that thousands, who drink, do so just because 
 the facilities for drinking are at hand, and these will 
 neither go away for it, nor bring it from a distance to 
 their homes. Thousands, who know they are in danger, 
 would hail with joy the putting away of daily temptation, 
 who, so long as the Dram-shop is near them, wil go deeper 
 and deeper into drunkenness. And above all the schools 
 of tippling : the street saloons, the bar of the hotel, the 
 corner grocery, and the village tavern are done away with, 
 
WWt^ 
 
 7a 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 and the children of the community have a chance to gi*ow 
 up sober and free from the continual temptation. The 
 law gives us power to purify our own communities, and 
 protect our own homes ; let us gratefully avail ourselves 
 of the privilege. Every county put under this Act renders 
 a total Prohibitory Law easier of enactment. 
 
 2. The DunJcin Act did not luork well; our experience 
 with that should prevent us voting for the Canada Tera- 
 perance Act. 
 
 This objection might be of some force provided the 
 Dunkin Act and the Canada Temperance Act were exactly 
 similar pieces of legislation. But they are not. They a. 3 
 as dissimilar as can well be. This will be seen by placing 
 their principal provisions side by side. 
 
 The Dunkin Act. The Canada Temperance Act. 
 
 1. Allowed any shop-keeper or 
 trader to sell any kind of intoxicat- 
 ing liquors, to be consumed in the 
 community v?here sold, and without 
 requiring any license therefor ; the 
 only restriction being that not less 
 than five gallons or a dozen bottles 
 should be 3old at a time. 
 
 2. The penalties were ridiculously 
 small, and the same for each otfence, 
 viz : a fine not less than $20 nor 
 greater than $50. There was no iiu- 
 prisonment, no advance in the pen- 
 alty. The fine was no greater for 
 the 100th offonce than for the first. 
 
 3. The By-law could be repealed 
 within a year from adoption, and 
 this offered a premium to the Dram- 
 sellers to persistently fight the law 
 in order to make it unpopular, and 
 so carry repeal and get their business 
 back. 
 
 4. The 'Constitutionality of the law 
 was in constant dispute and this par- 
 ftlized the arm of enforcement. 
 
 1. Allows no person to sell any in- 
 toxicating liquor by retail for bever- 
 age purposes in the county or city, 
 and no person to sell by wholesale for 
 consumption in the county or city, 
 or in any adjoining county or city 
 under the Act. 
 
 (The single exception to this is that 
 a person who raises grapes and makes 
 them into wine may cell such wine, 
 but only at the place where he makes 
 it, only in quantities over ten gallons, 
 and not then, unless he is licensed to 
 do so by the municipality. 
 
 2. The penalties are adequate— 
 not less than $50 for the first offence 
 — not less than $100 for the second 
 offence — imprisonment for each sub- 
 sequent offence. 
 
 3. The law cannot be repealed in- 
 side three years from the time of 
 its goiiiig into force. The induce- 
 ments for fighting the law and ren- 
 dering it unpopular so as to bring on 
 a reaction And speedily repeal it are 
 consequently taken away. 
 
 4. The constitutionality of the law 
 is settled beyond doubt by the High- 
 est Court of Appeal in Canada, so 
 that its execution will not be ham* 
 pered by fears of xdtra vire%. 
 
VARIOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERfiD. 
 
 79 
 
 A careful perusal of the above will convince any rea- 
 sonable man that the two Acts are not at all a"ke. In 
 fact the Canada Temperance Act was enacted for the very 
 purpose of overcoming the defects in the Dunkin Act. If 
 we try to imagine each Act in operation in a city, we 
 shall easily perceive the practical differences. First let 
 us put the Dunkin Act in force. Every trader or shop- 
 keeper can sell as much liquor as he pleases in quantities 
 over five gallons, or one dozen bottles. He does not re- 
 quire any license therefor. The liquor can be drunk any- 
 where in the city. The penalties for violation are small. 
 Every trader is allowed to keep liquors without license 
 and so has a basis of operations from which he may vio- 
 late the law and sell by the glass. No licenses being re- 
 quired the places that sell may be 500, or 800 : there is 
 no restriction as to number. There are doubts as to the 
 validity of the Act, and this retards conviction. Add to 
 all this that a vote can be had in 12 months and the 
 whole question again brought up : so the sellers hold 
 on to the hope cf getting the legal Dram shop back 
 
 again. 
 
 What could you hope for in the way of great success 
 from such an Act ? It would indeed be a wonder if in a 
 city it could be worked at all. 
 
 Now take the Canada Temperance Act and put it in 
 force in the same city. 
 
 Under it no person can sell by retail or wholesale for 
 consumption in the city, or in counties or cities which 
 adjoin, and are under the Act. No license can be issued 
 for sale, and no person can sell without a license. 
 
 The basis of operations is taken away. The penalties 
 are heavy. The convictions are summary before the Po- 
 lice Magistrate and final. There are no doubts as to the 
 validity of the Act. There is no chance of getting a re- 
 turn vote for three years, and so, present Rum-sellers go 
 into some better bufiness. 
 
m 
 
 80 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 iSf 
 
 3. If you adopt the Canada Temperance Act you will 
 
 injure the barley market. 
 
 A little calm consideration will eflectually dispose 
 of this objection. The price of barley, as of any other 
 product, is fixed in the markets by the heavy buyers 
 — that is, by the large general demand, and not by the 
 lighter buyers, or limited special demand. The heavy 
 buyers of barley are not our Canadian breweivs. Canada 
 raises over 11,000,000 bushels of barley annually, and of this 
 about 10,000,000 bushels go into the market. Tlie brewers 
 of Canada, in 1879-80, bought less than 800,000 bushels; 
 while the exporters bought over 8,250,000 bushels, which 
 they carried out of Canada in grain ahd malt to supply 
 the foreign demand. Now any one can see that the heavy 
 buyers — the exporters — fix the price of the barley, and 
 that this price would not be in the least disturbed if the 
 brewei's were to refuse to buy any, for the exporters 
 would quickly take it for the foreign market, and at the 
 usual rates. It is absurd to say that the brewers, who 
 purchase but one bushel in every twelve put upon the 
 market, rule the market prices. 
 
 Again, the objector knows that the passage of the Act 
 in any county or city does not shut up the brewery. The 
 brewer goes on with his buying and brewing ; only ho 
 must now seek a market elsewhere than inside the pro- 
 hibited district, His sales will be diminished in the 
 county or city vhich is under the Act, .and to that extent, 
 unless he can enlarge his outside business, he must brew, 
 and so buy, less barley. But this amount will be but a 
 very small fraction of the 800,000 bushels purchased by 
 Canadian brewers. So that in no year will the 800,000 
 bushels be thrown back on the market. Buo each year, 
 as the Act passes in county after county, the brewers will 
 buy a little less barley, and this will be taken eacl year 
 by the other purchasers in our market, and cause no ap- 
 preciable difference in market quotations. 
 
VARIOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 
 
 81 
 
 4. You cannot make men sober by Act of Parliament. 
 
 If this has any meaning as used against prohibitory 
 legislation, it is this — that you cannot lessen intemperance 
 by Act of Parliament. And this is precisely what no sen- 
 sible man believes. We have to-day in Canada but one 
 rumseller to every 500 people ; liquors are not to be sold 
 upon certain days, to certain classes of persons, and within 
 certain hours. Who doubts that we have less drunken- 
 ness and more sobriety with the traffic thus restricted 
 than we should have if all these restrictions were taken 
 off, and free trade in liquor were allowed ? In Ontario, 
 dramshops must be closed between seven o'clock on Satur- 
 day night and six o'clock on Monday morning. Have we 
 not less drunkenness than if this prohibition were taken off, 
 and all the bars were running until midnight of each 
 SatTirday ? Everybody sees that these restrictions, by 
 lessening the places and hours of sale, prevent drunken- 
 ness and promote sobriety. And how do we get these re- 
 strictions ? By Act of Parliament, and by no other pro- 
 cess. And if enacting a law that only 07ie in five hundred 
 shall open a tippling house, and that no sales shall be made 
 after seven o'clock on Saturday nights, decreases drunk- 
 enness and so adds to the general sobriety, why should 
 not an Act of Parliament, providing that only one person 
 in 5,000 should open a tippling shop, add still more to the 
 aggregate temperance of the country ? And if evil results 
 still continued, why should not a further Act of Parlia- 
 ment forbid any person setting up a public-place in 
 which to turn his sober neighbours into tipplers and 
 drunkards ? 
 
 The simple factisthat drunkenness will be in proportion 
 to the facilities provided for d7'inki'ng, and the respectability 
 ivhich surrounds these. Have as many drinking-places as 
 possible, and have them upheld by the respectable senti- 
 ment of the community, and you will have the maximum 
 of drunkenness. Have as few drinking-places as possible, 
 G 
 
Pllfn 
 
 82 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 and have these as disvespectable as possible, and you will 
 have the minimum of drunkenness and drunkard-making. 
 A drinking place will be respectable so long as the com- 
 munity authorizes and protects it by its laws. If we will 
 make it as disreputable as possible, we must put it under 
 the ban of popular sentiment, and under the condemna- 
 tion of the highest expression of this sentiment — the sta- 
 tutes of the country. 
 
 But there is no point to the above objection, as used 
 against the Canada Temperance Act, for this Act does not 
 deal with the man who drinks, but with the 'man who 
 sells. And will any one say that, by an Act of Parlia- 
 ment, a person cannot be prevented from selling liquoi*s ? 
 Our present license laws keep 499 persons out of e\ery Jive 
 hundred from selling drink; this Act simply proposes to 
 apply the same rule to the five hundreth person, that 
 is now applied to the 499, and surely if an " Act of Par- 
 liament " can effectively prohibit 499 from an act of sale, 
 it should not find much difficulty in managing the re- 
 maining one. 
 
 The country looks out upon this public sale of alcoho- 
 lic liquors, from which results 70 per cent, of the crime, 
 60 per cent, of the pauperism, 20 per cent of the insanity, 
 and a large proportion of the disease, waste, misery, and 
 death which afflicts it ; and the country says, " I have a 
 right to protect myself, even though it diminishes the 
 gains, and crosses the appetites of a few. I will hence- 
 forth allow no person to sell this most destructive bever- 
 age. I will prevent this preventible crime, poverty, and 
 disease, which so burden and weaken me." Who shall 
 deny that the country has this right, that it is abundantly 
 able to maintain it, or that it would immeasurably con- 
 duce to the sobriety, prosperity, and happiness of the peo- 
 ple, if this right were exercised ? And if the gains of men 
 who live by producing and selling this destructive agent, 
 or the tastes of persons who have made it an artificial 
 necessity to them, are interfered with, who shall say that 
 
VARIOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 
 
 83 
 
 these should outweigh the good of the greater number, 
 and perpetuate this ten-ible evil ? 
 
 A prohibitory law, fairly enforced, can do five things : 
 
 (a) It can pronounce the verdict of the country's dis- 
 approval upon a ruinous and baneful traffic, and thus brand 
 it with public disgrace. 
 
 (6) It can relieve the country of the sin and responsi- 
 bility of turning its sober children into drunkards by vir- 
 tue of an Act of Parliament, and for a money consideration. 
 
 (c) It can put away all public temptations to drinking 
 and drunkenness, and thus make it as easy as possible for 
 all to grow up into sober and honourable citizenship. 
 
 {d) It can prevent men, whom no moral considerations 
 seem to influence, from making it their sole business to 
 induce their fellows to tipple and drink, so as thereby to 
 live upon their degradation and ruin. 
 
 (e) It can elevate law into righteousness, and thus 
 make it a continual teacher and supporter of sobriety and 
 justice. 
 
 5. It is tyranical and un-British. 
 
 It is not tyrannical or un-British to look after and 
 preserve the " good of the greater number," bv*^n though 
 the gains or appetites of the few be interfered with. The 
 Canada Temperance Act interferes with the traffic of the 
 rumsellers and makers, but it does this in order to pro- 
 tect the lives, the material interests, and the moral well- 
 being of the people. Which would be the greatest 
 tyranny, that the few thousands of makers and sellers of 
 alcoholic liquors in Canada should be deprived of this 
 particular way of making money, in order that the real 
 interests of the millions of the people be conserved, or 
 that the interests of those millions should be sacrificed 
 to the gain and greed of the few thousands ? A man 
 wishes to run a factory, keep cattle byres, build a slaugh- 
 ter house, or sell obscene literature in the very centre of a 
 
IfH''' 
 
 84 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 I i! 
 
 I 
 
 crowded city. He can make money out of it, do a busi- 
 ness, employ labour, and get great gain thereby. But the 
 people object. Personal comfort, security, health and 
 morals are endangered ; and the man who wished to carry 
 on the profitable business, and the persons who wanted 
 him conveniently near to deal with, must both bow to the 
 best interests of the people. The obnoxious business is 
 prohibited, and yet we are supposed to be a free people, 
 and to be doing nothing un-British. A man cannot build 
 a house to his own liking, on a lot owned by himself, 
 within the fire-limits of a city ; he must build it fire-proof 
 or not at all. One cannot shoot game birds when he 
 likes, nor pile his garbage in his own back 5'ard, nor store 
 combustibles where he pleases, nor keep pigs and cows in 
 his own barn in a city, «fec., &c. He is hedged in by a 
 thousand restrictions, the basis of which is that the general 
 good and comfort must be looked to as well as his indi- 
 vidual convenience and gain. 
 
 So, when the people come to the conclusion that the 
 open saloon, which robs homes of dear ones, turns so- 
 briety into revel, order into riot, plenty into poverty, and 
 manhood into worse than beastliness,, ought not, in the 
 general interests of society, to be continued, the man 
 who runs it and the tipplers who want it must both give 
 way before the general good. It is not tyranny or some- 
 thing un-British. It is the heigh th of freedom, and an 
 exalted exercise of the grand principles of British equity, 
 thus to protect that which is dearest and best to the many 
 against the gi-eed or the appetites of the few. 
 
 The Act does not say to any man, " you shall drink thus 
 and so." It goes to the public seller and bids him stop 
 endangering the many in order to gather gain for himself, 
 and it says to the drinker, " Alcoholic liquors are not a 
 necessary of life ; at best they are but a doubtful luxury ; 
 you will lose nothing by being without them ; but if you 
 think you must have them, get them the best way you 
 can. I shall not allow them to be sold under my aus- 
 
 1, 
 
VAllIOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 
 
 85 
 
 pices, for their sale is- productive of vast injury to the 
 countr3^" 
 
 The Act takes no right from the present seller. He 
 has paid for the liberty of selling liquors for one year. 
 He has received license to sell for one year. There is 
 liothing that assures him that the contract will be renew- 
 ed. He gets what he has paid for. When the Act is 
 adopted, the people — the other party to the contract — 
 advise him that no more contracts will be made, and that 
 he must look for a job elsewhere. He went into the busi- 
 ness from year to year for the sake of the gains : he 
 pocketed the gains, and if the refusal to r«new the con- 
 tract, on the part of the people, occasions him any loss, he 
 must simply pocket that as well. Surely there is nothing 
 tyrannical in this. 
 
 The Act is not a sumptuary law. It does not tell people 
 what clothes they shall wear, how much meat they shall 
 eat, what jewellery they shall display, and the kinds and 
 price of the furniture they shall have as did sumptuary 
 laws, which dealt solely with the expenses of the people 
 and were directed against extravagance. This law does 
 not touch the habits, expenses, ward-robe or table of the 
 individual. It simply has to do with a public act — the 
 sale of liquors — and prohibits those who, utterly careless 
 as to what harm may come to others, wish to pursue a 
 calling which, for the least possible outlay of money or 
 brains, will bring them in the easiest competence. 
 
 This bug-bear of " tyrannical and un-British" is a 
 mere catch-cry which can only have effect with the ignor- 
 ant and the interested. 
 
 To say that a man is a " slave" and no " British Free- 
 man" who stands up for his children, his home and his 
 country against the demor. dzation of the grog-shop ! 
 
 To say that a man demonstrates his " Independence" 
 and " love of liberty" as he bends beneatli the dram-shop 
 and bears it up on his sturdy shoulders, — while above him 
 brewers, distillers and rumsellers ply the whip of tempta- 
 
f'f; 
 
 ■ ri' 
 
 S6 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 tion, tighten the reins of appetite,, and, as they lighten 
 the " Freeman's" pocket, drive him on to his ruin ! ! 
 
 To endeavour to teach men that the dram-shop is the 
 true palladium of our liberties, that king " Oup" is an 
 easier ruler than fair " Temperance," that the black-bottle 
 and greatness go together, and that the *' Trade" is the 
 only genuine defenders of the rights of man ! ! ! 
 
 L)o such teachers suppose that all good sense has left 
 Canadian people ? 
 
 6. It will ruin the country. 
 
 » 
 Let us ask this objector to give us a " Bill of Particu- 
 lars," as to just what will be ruined if the Act passes, 
 and the dramshops are closed up. 
 
 (a) Will the labourer be ruined ? Nay, the dramshop 
 gives no tools for better work, no strength to the arm, no 
 steadiness to the purpose, no noble ambition. If the 
 dramshop gets a hold on the labourer it steals his earn- 
 ings, breaks down his energy, palsies his strong arm, 
 unsettles his brain, makes his home miserable, and ends, 
 if possible, in ruining him. 
 
 Shut up all the dramshops and the labouring power 
 of the country will be immediately aided. 
 
 (b) Will the manufacturers be injured ? Nay. The 
 liquor shops supply these with no material for use, no 
 implements for making, no impulse or device for aiding. 
 On the contrary, they sell what takes workmen from 
 their place, causes loss of time, waste of power, and con- 
 fusion in business. Go ask the stove makers, the cotton 
 makers, the furniture makers, the sewing machine mak- 
 ervS — all makers else — except Tobacco and Rum makers 
 and they will tell you " The Rumshop does not help our 
 business ; close the Rumshop and give us the increased 
 savings in the Tiomes and our trade will certainly in- 
 crease." 
 
 (c) Will the merchants be injured ? Nay. The saloons 
 are the enemies of these. They do not add to the clear 
 
 i. 
 
VARIOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERED 
 
 87 
 
 steadiness of employer or clerk. They do not make" the 
 business man trustworthy or popular. They do not in- 
 crease the demand for goods. Ask the merchants, and, 
 if they are honest, they wiJ' t.l] you — " The saloons are 
 against us. Money which c 'f/lt fo go to clotJie the family 
 is squandered therein. Th. sober man is my best cus- 
 tomer. Close the liumshops and give increased sobriety 
 and thrift, and our business would surely increase." 
 
 (d) Will the Home be injured ? The question answers 
 itself. If the saloons could be shut, what a flood of light 
 and joy would sweep into the homes of Canada, chasing 
 out the evil spirits of neglect, discord and revel which the 
 saloon has introduced into many of them, lighting up the 
 wan face of Despair with the warm rays of Hope, bidding 
 Plenty enter across the threshold where Poverty had long 
 crouched, and touching anew the chords of Love's Harp, 
 so long covered with the dust of sensuality and hate. Ah 
 no ! the homes would not weep if the saloons were 
 closed. 
 
 (e) Will society, the school or the church be injured ? 
 Nay. But all these would rejoice if this, their persistent 
 plague, could be swept away. Not one element of social 
 purity, not one impulse to intellectual endeavour, not one 
 aspiration towards Heaven and God come from the rum- 
 shop. But as its doors shut and open, open and shut, dis- 
 order, crime, filth, apathy of intellect, tendencies to idle- 
 ness, germs of immorality, and temptations to sin do 
 constantly pour forth upon society, school and church. 
 These help to lift man upward ; the saloon continually 
 pulls down and degrades. 
 
 What will be injured then ? Whose business will be in- 
 terfered with ? 
 
 (a) The Liquor maker's business. — He could destroy 
 less good grain — man's food — and turn it into a poisonous 
 harmful beverage, which as it circulates through the sa- 
 loons brings to him money ; to others, poverty, sadr^ess 
 and ruin. 
 
 (6) The Liquor seller's business. — He could no longer 
 
 \ 
 
88 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 m 
 
 lazily stand behind his bar waiting for men to earn their 
 little store by honest labour, and then give it to him for 
 Rum. 
 
 (c) The man who rents places for selling. — He may 
 have to take a little less per year for the place he now 
 rents for selling liquor — a few dollars per month. One 
 would think that the consciousness of having a clean 
 honest business carried on in his building would be com- 
 pensation enough for that. Then if he saw a poor sot 
 reeling home, he would not have to think " Tnis stuff 
 which is ruining that man is sold in my building. I get 
 money for giving a place in which such work is done." 
 
 So that we have the whole matter in a nut shell. 
 
 THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC 
 
 HELPS 
 
 INJURES 
 
 The Prewer and Distiller, 
 
 The Manufacturer, 
 
 The Saloon Keeper, 
 
 The Dry Goods Man, 
 
 The Saloon Rentor 
 
 The Grocer, 
 
 to fill their pockets; 
 
 The Bookseller, 
 
 
 The Picture Maker, 
 
 
 The Butcher, 
 
 B 
 
 The Milkman, 
 
 g. 
 
 The Labourer, &c., 
 
 
 The School, 
 
 
 The Church, 
 
 The sober man to 
 
 The Home, 
 
 become a drunkard. 
 
 The Country. 
 
 Let us ponder whether we shall keep the Liquor Traf- 
 fic for the sake of THREE UNPRODUCTIVE IN- 
 TERESTS, or shut up the Saloon for the sake of all 
 these PRODUCTIVE AND BENEFICIAL INTER- 
 ESTS. 
 
 7. Yoa will lose the Revenue and increase the Taxes. 
 Who pays the License Revenue ? The Liquor sellers, 
 
VARIOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 
 
 89 
 
 says our objector. Where do the Liquor sel lei's get it? 
 Out of the pockets of the people. And if the people re- 
 fused to patronize their bars, the Liquor sellers would 
 starve or else have to do honest work for a living, as do 
 other people. So the people have to pay into the Liquor 
 seller's till, the amount he gives to the treasury, plus the 
 amount necessary for the keep and enriching of the 
 liquor seller and his family. What do the people get for 
 it ? Shoes, blankets, Hour, meat, clothing ? No. They 
 get whiskey, beer, rum and the like, which not only gives 
 them no strength, no warmth and no food, but makes 
 many of them foolish, dissipated, idle and drunken, 
 and adds in every way to their general burdens. Sup- 
 pose that in a certain city there are thirty liquor sel- 
 lers, and that they pay $100 each for license, a sum 
 equal to $3,000. This goes into the city treasury. 
 But it comes out of the pockets of the people. Sup- 
 pose each of these liquor sellers takes in over his bar, 
 $2,000 per year. That is a total of $60,000. Where 
 does this come from ? Out of the pockets of the people. 
 So that the people actually pay, not only the $3,000 which 
 the sellers hand over to the treasury, but $57,000 in 
 addition, which the sellers put into their own pockets. 
 How infinitely better it would have been if the people 
 had paid the $3,000 tax directly, and kept the $57,000 
 in their own pockets. The rumsellers were simply tax- 
 gatherers, who tbok $60,000 from the taxpayers, gave over 
 one-twentieth of the amount to the people's treasury, and 
 kept the nineteen-twentieth s to themselves. 
 
 But this is not the end of it. $3,000 for licenses and 
 $57,000 for keep is not all. 
 
 (a) These thirty places must be watched, else they 
 would sell to minors and ruin the children of tender age. 
 They would keep open after hours, and allow men to booze 
 away their nights in dissipation. They would sell all 
 day Sunday, and so turn the Day of Rest into a day of 
 drunken debauchery. They would allow idle and disso- 
 
Yf 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 |f:i^ 12.5 
 
 ■;& 
 
 122 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.4 IIIIII.6 
 
 V] 
 
 <^ 
 
 /; 
 
 /'.i 
 
 'V > 
 
 
 ^V-"^ 
 
 V 
 
 '5>' 
 
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 7 
 
 /A 
 
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A 
 
90 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 lute characters to loaf about their bars and make constant 
 disturbance. 
 
 So the ratepayers must put their hands in their pockets 
 and pay for license inspectors, police, and constables to 
 watch the thirty saloons and keep them to the law. 
 
 (h) The helplessness caused by these places must be 
 looked after. — One of the first results of the saloon is 
 drunkenness. Men go into it sober and able to take care 
 of themselves ; they come out drunken and helpless. So 
 the police cells must be ready, the jails must be kept up, 
 the Courts must be paid, and expenses incurred for 
 taking care of and feeding this helplessness. Who pays 
 for this ? The people — the ratepayers. » • > , 
 
 (c) The crime manufactured by these saloons must be 
 cared for. — Does any one deny that crime is nursed and 
 fostered in these haunts ? Liquor depraves men and 
 makes them regardless of the property and rights of 
 others ; it pauperizes ttien, and brings them to living upon 
 honest earners ; it frenzies men and leads them to the 
 commission of crimes, which in their sober moments they 
 would never dream of. In Hamilton last year, there were 
 2,545 arrests made by the police — one in every thirteen 
 persons ! In Toronto there were 5,935 arrests — one to 
 every fifteen inhabitants! Ontario had in 1880, 11,300 
 committals to jail. Fully 70 p.c. of all these were the 
 product of the dram-shop ; and the cost of all this is some- 
 thing enormous. Who takes care of and pays for the 
 crime manufactured by the saloons ? The people — the 
 ratepayers. 
 
 (a) The poverty caused by the saloons must be cared 
 for. — Does any one deny that a great deal of pauperism 
 comes from drinking ? When a man becomes drunken 
 and is sent away for six months to the prison, what must 
 be done with his wife and cliildren ? They must be sup- 
 ported. When the bread winner is suddenly killed in a 
 drunken brawl or accident, the survivors must be fed and 
 clothed. 
 
VABIOUS OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 
 
 91 
 
 What is the primary school and gi'aduating insti- 
 tution of the tramp ? The saloon. There four-fifths of 
 them squandered their former earnings, there they learn- 
 ed their vicious, idle habits, and there they spend the most 
 of what they beg from kind-hearted people. 
 
 And so in a thousand ways private and city charities 
 are invoked, and the honest earner must give a portion of 
 his earnings to make good the destruction from the saloon. 
 
 (e) The drain on manhood must be borne. — A man 
 loses a horse, and suflfers damage to the extent of a hun- 
 dred dollars in value. A house is burned, and a thousand 
 dollars has gone up in smoke. These are losses which tax 
 the industry, and hinder the prosperity of a community. 
 
 How is it when young men are cut off in their prime 
 by drink ; when boys are turned into idle and dissolute 
 vagabonds ; when bread-winners become destroyers, and 
 earners are changed into paupers ? Is all this no lo'^s to 
 a community ? A healthy labouring man will easily earn 
 and spend $500 per year for a period of thirty years. That 
 makes an aggregate of $15,000 earned in a lifetime and 
 distributed among the industries and trades. Cut him 
 off by drink at 25 years of age, and the community loses 
 an earning power of $15,000. Demoralize and make him 
 criminal, and you must add to that loss the burden of 
 cost that is saddled upon the community by his criminal- 
 ity. Now sum it all up, and see how it stands : 
 
 WHAT THE PEOPLE PAY FOR. 
 
 The License Fee of the Saloons. 
 The Keep of the Saloons, 
 The Watching of the Saloons, 
 The Helplessness, ) 
 The Crime, ( Caused by 
 
 The Poverty, ^ the Saloons. 
 
 The Destruction, j 
 
 WHAT THE PEOPLE RECtiVE. 
 
 WHAT TEE SALOON KEEPER PAYS FOR. 
 
 WHAT THE SALOON KEEPER RECEIVES. 
 
 Worse than Nothing (Alcoholic The hard earnings of the people 
 Liquors). . . ^ ^ , ...^ 
 

 WW 
 
 92 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 OBJECTIONS. 
 
 8. Moral Suasion is sujUcient : you onust not take Tem- 
 perance into Politics. 
 
 " Moral Suasion sufficient ! " Then why do we in 
 this country have laws which prohibit 499 persons in 
 in every 500 from selling intoxicants ? Why do we 
 enact that all bars shall be closed on Sundays, on election 
 days, after certain hours, and that liquor shall not be sold 
 to habitual drunkards, to minors, and to Indians ? If 
 moral suasion is sufficient, why should not all civilized 
 nations rely upon it, instead of continually having re- 
 course to more and more stringent laws ? 
 
 The fact is that no Christian Government can be 
 found which has not proceeded on the assumption that 
 moral suasion is insufficient, and must be supplemented 
 by the strong arm of the law. Every sensible man 
 believes that legal restrictions are necessary, and the 
 only question is as to the length to which these shall 
 be carried. And it is evident to thoughtful minds 
 that, if the extra legal restraints now thrown about 
 the traffic — such as no sale on Sunday, on Saturday 
 nights, on election days, to minors, or Indians, or drunk- 
 ards, and by but one person in 500 — have exerted a vast 
 deal of beneficial influence in repressing the evils of in- 
 temperance, but have not by any means eradicated them, 
 then what is needed is still further restriction, and more 
 and more, until the evils either entirely disappear or are 
 reduced to the merest minimum. Every restriction is an 
 arm which aids moral suasion the better to do, and to pre- 
 serve the results of its work. 
 
OBJECTIONS. 
 
 93 
 
 " Not take temperance into politics ! " Why, the rum- 
 shop is grounded on, and wrapped about with the protec- 
 tion of politics. No man can open a rumshop and make 
 his neighbour drunken, unless he does it by law — by Act 
 of Parliament — through politics. The statutes prescribe 
 just what conditions are necessary, the men to whom 
 licenses are to be granted, and the number of licenses that 
 shall be issued. How does our objector hope to get rid of 
 the rumshop, unless temperance is taken into politics, con- 
 centrated into votes, and crystallized in enactments which 
 shall forbid that nuisance ? We worship to-day with per- 
 fect freedom, we think without fear, and live in security 
 of life and property, just because our ancestors took their 
 religion, their principles, and their purity into politics ; 
 and, often through seas of blood, carried them up to their 
 firm r'>stihg place in constitution and law. The Sabbath, 
 the Bible, the church, and the school, are all guarded by 
 the saCred sentries of law — guarded from the minority 
 whom moral suasion does not affect, and who, but for the 
 sentries of the law, would desecrate the Sabbath, and bring 
 scandal upon the very name of Christianity. Virtue, re- 
 putation, property, and life, are all protected by the mer- 
 ciful mastership of the law ; not because moral suasion is 
 insufficient to convince moral people that these should be 
 preserved inviolate, but simply to guard them from the 
 unholy hands of the few who, caring nothing for right or 
 truth, would, for selfish purposes, traffic in and destroy 
 these sacred possessions of humanity. What gives the 
 right of interference to the sentries of the law ? The suf- 
 frages of the people — acting through political organiza- 
 tions. Raise public opinion as high as possible on the 
 temperance question, and there will still remain wretches 
 so void of all respect for the wishes of the good and the 
 best interests of their fellows, as to eagerly and persistently 
 trade on appetites which they create, and live from the 
 degradation which they cause. What care they for moral 
 suasion ? They must be driven out, and the law alone 
 
94 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 ■m 
 
 ti:: 
 
 can do this. This law is a creature of the people, and an out- 
 come of their votes. And temperance must be taken into 
 politics before the last rumshop disappears, and the last 
 rumseller ceases his ruinous work. Reader, the only way 
 you can crystallize your temperance convictions, is to write 
 them, on ballot papers, andweave them into the public life 
 and legislation of the country. 
 
 9. You should not adopt the Canada Temperance Act 
 witlwut compensating the men at present engaged 
 in the traffic. 
 
 Is it meant by this that the county or city should com- 
 pensate the brewers and distillers ? Surely not. If there 
 is to be any compensation, it must come from those who 
 have been receiving- partners in the profits. The county 
 or city has received no part in the profits ; the Dominion 
 has. It has taken its two or three millions of dollars an- 
 nually from brewers and distillers, and has been doing 
 this all these years. So it is to the Dominion Govern- 
 ment that this claim should be preferred. And yet we 
 find that, in 1878, the Parliament, passing a bill introduced 
 by the Government, made it possible for every part of 
 Canada to outlaw the sale of liquors, and never once raised 
 the question of compensation. The brewer and distiller 
 should have made good their claim then. They certainly 
 have no right to compensation from the county or city 
 ratepayers, who enjoy no part of their profits. 
 
 But the Act does not destroy the brewery or distillery. It 
 leaves it intact — free to buy grain, spoil it.and make poison- 
 ous compounds as before, and then sell them wherever a 
 market can .be found. The people of a county, by adopting 
 the Act, merely advertise the brewer and distiller that 
 they do not intend to trade with him, and request him 
 no longer to thrust his wares upon them. And then, be- 
 cause the people refuse to trade with him, the brewer de- 
 mands compensation ! The Act leaves the brewery and 
 
m out- 
 m into 
 be last 
 y way 
 3 write 
 lie life 
 
 ,ce Act 
 ngaged 
 
 d com- 
 [f there 
 se who 
 county 
 minion 
 ars an- 
 
 OBJECTIONS. 
 
 ^5 
 
 doing 
 
 xovern- 
 yet we 
 oduced 
 part of 
 3 raised 
 liatiller 
 jrtainly 
 or city 
 
 lery. It 
 poison- 
 srever a 
 iopting 
 er that 
 ist him 
 len, be- 
 wer de- 
 ery and 
 
 distillery just as they were, as far as manufacturing is con- 
 cerned ; it merely gives notice that hereafter its territory 
 is reserved. 
 
 If the Act shut up the brewery, it would be quite 
 different. It simply necessitates a slight change of 
 market, and the brewer and distiller may feel thankful 
 to have escaped so easily. The next time the people of 
 Canada demand a law, it will be one that levels every 
 factory for the making of this terrible mischief-producer. 
 But, perhaps, the dealer is to be compensated. Is he a 
 hotel-keeper ? Then the Act does not touch his hotel. 
 Every room is left entire, no dish is disturbed, the stable 
 is not interfered with ; and no person will, after the Act 
 passes, be any the more able to do without lodging, food, 
 or stabling. The hotel and its legitimate business is not 
 injured by the Act, and so no compensation is due on that 
 score. The Act touches the bar — closes up the rumshop 
 in the hotel — that is all. How long has this hotel-keeper 
 the privilege of running a bar ? Rep,d his Hcense, and 
 you will find that he has bought the right to sell liquors 
 until the end of the year. Does the Act take this from 
 him ? Not at all. The Act cannot go into force until his 
 license has run out. So that he gets all he has paid for — 
 the privilege of selling until expiry of license ; and the 
 adoption of the Act merely advertises him not to expect 
 a renewal. When the year is up, what has he to be com- 
 pensated for ? A bar-room ? That is not destroyed, but 
 will easily make a good sitting-room, or show-room, or 
 bed-room. A stock of liquors ? No, for he has unloaded 
 all his stock. What has he, tiicu ? A few demijohns, a 
 beer pump, and some empty casks. That comprises his 
 whole actual loss. And yet he talks of compensation ! 
 
 But, says the rumseller, you have taken from me the 
 privilege of making money by another year's traffic. True, 
 but society never compensates a man for what he might 
 make, but only for his actual loss. Else the county 
 would have to be continually compensating. Here are 
 
\m: 
 
 06 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 11 
 
 I" 
 
 500 men in a county who are equally qualified to sell 
 liquors. Fifty of tiiem get licenses, and then the num- 
 ber is full. The remaining 450 men come up and demand 
 license. They are refused. They ask for compensation, 
 but it is denied them, on the ground that they have not 
 actually lost anything. " True," say they, " but we might 
 each make $1,000 if you would grant us the licenses. We 
 demand compensation for what we might make, but 
 which you deny us the right to make." And their claim 
 is just as righteous as is that of the rumseller, who is re- 
 fused license for another year, because the Act has been 
 adopted. 
 
 But, says another, he has fitted up a place for that 
 sort of business. So he has, but he did so under no 
 guarantee that he would receive a license for a longer 
 time than one year. He knew the uncertainty of his 
 traflic, he chose to take the risks for the sake of the pro- 
 fits ; now let him pocket the losses, if there are any. 
 
 The Ontario Government, by the passing of the Crooks' 
 Act, cut oft" at one stroke nearly 2,000 licenses. Did 
 we hear any talk of compensation ? The British Gov- 
 ernment, in 1854, cut oft' one-seventh of the trade of the 
 liquor sellers in Scotland ; in 1 878, the same was done in 
 Ireland, and, in 1881, in Wales ; was there any provision 
 made for compensation ? Maine, New Hampshire, Ver- 
 mont, Kansas, and North Carolina, have passed, and kept 
 absolute, prohibitory laws ; they made no compensation. 
 Local Option rules in large areas of country in the United 
 States, yet in no single instance has compensation been 
 given. Always people have taken the sensible view that 
 this is a simple business matter. There were great pro- 
 fits in the traftic ; there were also great risks. Persons 
 took the risks and made the profits ; when losses came 
 they simply had to pocket them. 
 
 But stronger than all, is the wide-spread feeling that, 
 if there be compensation, it should be made hy the traf- 
 fickers to the people, and not by the people to the trafiick- 
 
 II 
 
to sell 
 I num- 
 3mancl 
 sation, 
 ve not 
 might 
 es. We 
 :e, but 
 ' claim 
 3 is re- 
 i,s been 
 
 )r that 
 der no 
 longer 
 ■ of his 
 le pro- 
 
 y- 
 
 Orooks' 
 3. Did 
 h Gov- 
 i of the 
 ione in 
 o vision 
 ^e, Ver- 
 id kept 
 isation. 
 United 
 >n been 
 iw that 
 jat pro- 
 Persons 
 )s came 
 
 Qg that, 
 he traf- 
 traffick- 
 
 OBJECTIONS. 
 
 97 
 
 ers. Who have paid for the crime, the poverty, the in- 
 sanity, and the viciousness laid upon the country, while 
 the rum-makers and sellers were heaping up their gains ? 
 Who have borne the worse than death — the estrange- 
 ment — the separations — the hates — the cruelty — the neg- 
 lect — the bitter misery, which overflowed so many homes, 
 while these men were gathering their hoards ? Where are 
 the fathers, brothers, sons, husbands, mothers, and wives 
 — once so brave, and true, and loving ; but whose lives 
 have gone out in utter darkness, because, forsooth, these 
 men must grow rich ? Let the traffic pay society for the 
 burdens it has laid on her shoulders, and then refused to 
 touch so much even as with the tips of its fingers. Let it 
 replace the virtue, the love, the happiness, and health, of 
 which it has robbed so many men. Let it call back from 
 their cheerless, nameless graves, the countless drunkards 
 it has made, and restore them, pure as it found them, to 
 the arms of their friends. Let it bind up the broken 
 hearts, kindle the dead hopes, call back the vanished 
 faces, and mend the broken home circles for whose ruin 
 it has been responsible. 
 
 Then, and not till then, shall a people who love justice, 
 and prize fair dealing, consent to mBke compensation to 
 so great an iniquity. 
 
 10. The Right of Search Clause is tyrannical, and no 
 home will he safe from the persecutions of the fanatics. 
 
 The Right of Search is an admitted method and practice 
 of British and Canadian law. Without it the ends of 
 justice would be defeated on all sides, ^tolen goods could 
 not be recovered, smuggled wares could not be traced, nor 
 contraband articles be retaken. Every efficient liquor law 
 has its right of search clause. That of the Canada Tem- 
 perance Act is more carefully guarded than that of the 
 Ontario Crooks' Act, or, indeed, of most license laws. 
 
wr 
 
 H 
 
 CANADA TEMPEllANCE MANUAL. 
 
 i 
 
 (a) No warrant can be issued except to search for 
 liquors ^uith respect to which an offence has been com- 
 mitted, and is, at the time of the issue, being prosecuted 
 before the court. B. is charged with selling liquor con- 
 trary to law, and is on trial. It is reasonably suspected 
 that the liquors thus illegally sold are stored in a certain 
 place. A warrant may be issued to search for and bring 
 those liquors before the court. In no other case can a 
 search-wirrant be properly issued. 
 
 (6) The warrant cannot be issued except by a court 
 cognizant of the offence and prosecution. A credible wit- 
 ness has to prove on oath, before such court, that there is 
 reasonable cause to suspect that intoxicating liquor in 
 rebpect to which the offence has been committed, is stored 
 in some person's house, shop, yard, or other place. The 
 matter, even then, is in the hands of the Court, who may, 
 if not satisfied, withhold the warrant. 
 
 (c) No officer, constable, or other person has any right 
 to search for liquors unless he has previously obtained a 
 warrant as described above. 
 
 Now compare this with the Crooks' Act. In that, any 
 officer, policeman, constable, or inspector of license has the 
 right to, at any time and without warrant, erter and 
 search any house, shop, or place where liquors are sold or 
 reputed to be sold. Any justice of the peace, or police 
 magistrate, may, upon oath of any officer, policeman, con- 
 stable, or inspector of license, grant a warrant to search 
 for liquors supposed to be there unlawfully, and when 
 found there, these may be seized and removed. 
 
 Surely no person can complain that the right of search 
 in the Canada Temperance Act is not most carefully 
 guarded, or deny that quite as arbitrary power is at pre- 
 sent conferred under our license laws. The Act has been 
 enforced in the Maritime Provinces, in some places foi two 
 years, and there has not been a single instance of the abuse 
 ol the search clause. 
 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
 
 99 
 
 A man's house is his own castle, and will remain so un- 
 til he becomes an accomplice with law-breakers ; then the 
 officers of the law will find an entrance into his castle 
 right speedily. Under the Canada Temperance Act, only 
 law-brea kers need fear ; honest, law-abiding men will not 
 be mobsted. 
 
 The cry that temperance pimps will persecute house- 
 holders is too hollow to have effect with sensible people. 
 
 Will our courts lend themselves to such persecutions, 
 and grant warrants without just cause ? 
 
 Will men perjure themselves in order to spite a neigh- 
 bour, and thus run the risks of trial and heavy penalty ? 
 
 Are temperance people of the kind that love to stoop to 
 low and vindictive measures ? 
 
 What f^ood would the law be if it had no search-war- 
 rant clause, and men could buy and sell illegally, store it 
 in their houses, and defy the law ? 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
 
 1. Q. Do the brewers of Canada use 2,600,000 bushels of 
 barley per year, as certain rum-advocates have publicly 
 stated ? 
 
 A. The quantity of malt used by the brewers of Cana- 
 da in 1879-80, was 26,419,244 lbs. Divide this by 36— 
 the number of pounds of malt equivalent to one bushel of 
 barley — and it gives us 733,868 bushels of barley used by 
 the brewers in 1879-80. This was in excess of the quan- 
 tity used for several previous years. 
 
 2. Q. Does the Canada Temperance Act prohibit farm- 
 ers from making and keeping cider for their own use, or 
 
100 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 from buying and selling the juice newly pressed from the 
 apples for vinegar making ? 
 
 A. Not at all. The farmer can make and use as much 
 cider as he pleases. He is not allowed to sell it by retail. 
 He can sell by wholesale, but only to those who will re- 
 move it outside the limits of the prohibited district. The 
 farmer can take his apples to the press, and buy or sell 
 the newly-made juice for purposes of vinegar making. 
 The Act has only to do with intoxicating liquors, and 
 newly- pressed apple juice is not intoxicating. 
 
 S. Q. Can a man buy liquor outside the prohibited ter- 
 ritory, and bring it into his own house and use it ? 
 
 A. Yes. The law has no power outside of the county 
 or city which has adopted it. A man can go to a city or 
 county which has not adopted the Act and buy liquor. 
 He can bring it home and use it, for the Act does not dic- 
 tate to a man what he shall eat or drink. But he cannot 
 sell that which he has thus brought in. The Act prohibits 
 the sale. 
 
 4. Q. Does the Act make any distinction between rich 
 and poor ? 
 
 A. None. The Act has power only where adopted, and 
 there it allows no sale of liquors to either rich man or poor 
 man. All are treated alike. Any man can go to a city, 
 not under the Act, and buy a quantity and bring it home. 
 A long purse will enable the rich man to do this better 
 than the poor man. But it is the purse that makes the 
 distinction, not the law. 
 
 0. Q. Isit true that Maine had 17,800 arrests for drunk- 
 enness for the year 1873, as stated by the rumsellers' advo- 
 cate, and re-echoed by a prominent Hamilton newspaper ? 
 
 A. If you turn to the Attorney-General's report for 
 1873, for the State of Maine, you will find, not 17,800 
 arrests for drunkenness, hut 17,800 days' imprisonment 
 for drunkenness. So when a man in Maine is sent to 
 gaol for six months for drunkenness, these ingenious and 
 truthful champions of whiskey count him as equal to 
 
 I'M 
 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
 
 101 
 
 the 
 
 exactly 182^ men ! 17,800 days' imprisonment, divided 
 by 45, a short average of imprisonment per man, gives 
 less than 400 persons imprisoned. So Maine really 
 had about 400 persons imprisoned for drunkenness, in- 
 stead of 17,800 ! 
 
 6. Q. Is it true that there are more insane people in 
 the asylums in Maine, under prohibition, than in Ontario, 
 or other States under license ? 
 
 A. Read the following lints, which show the number of 
 insane in the asylums of Maine, Ontario, and Massachu- 
 setts, at the end of the years indicated. 
 
 Maine. Ontario. Mass. 
 
 1869 ^ 337 1,148 1,874 
 
 1870 345 1,200 1,964 
 
 1871 368 1,366 1,979 
 
 1872 393 1,461 2,034 
 
 1873 411 1,505 2,057 
 
 1874 393 1,599 2,204 
 
 1875 403 1,650 2,264 
 
 1876 405 1,812 2,354 
 
 1877 416 1,999 2,511 
 
 1878 418 2,149 2,794 
 
 1879 419 2,325 2,976 
 
 Please note — 
 
 1. The small yearly increase in Maine, and the rela- 
 tively large increase per year in both Ontario and Mass. 
 
 2. The increase in these countries from 1869 to 1879 is, 
 for Maine 24 per cent., for Mass. 60 per cent., and for 
 Ontario 102 per cent. Maine, under prohibition, has but 
 one-tfdrd the increase of Mass., and h^ one- fourth the in- 
 crease of Ontario, under license. 
 
 3. In 1879, Maine has one insane person to every 1,551 
 inhabitants. Ontario one to every 780, and Mass. one to 
 every 600. That is, Maine has hut half as much insanity 
 in proportion to population as Ontario or Mass. 
 
 Note. — It is but fair to state that Ontario's asylum system is of later 
 date than Maine's^ and so the yearly increase would naturally be some 
 what greater for the first years, 
 
h)imii'~ 
 
 tfy 
 
 102 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 7. Q. If I buy liquors outside the prohibited district, and 
 bring them to my own house and keep them for use, can 
 a warrant be issued to search my premises and take the 
 liquor? r 
 
 A. No. A warrant can only be issued to search for li- 
 quors bought in the Prohibited District, and in defiance of 
 the Act, and only then, if the perr>on who illegally sold 
 them to you is being prosecuted for that sale. 
 
 8. Q. What shall we do for hotel accommodation, if 
 the licenses are refused ? 
 
 A. Do the same as people do under prohibiting laws in 
 other places, the same as they do in Maine, Vermont, 
 Kansas, and in the Canadian counties and cities which 
 have adopted this very Act. No one hears of any com- 
 plaints in these places about lack of hotel accommodation. 
 The demand Tor lodging, meals and stabling, is as great 
 after prohibition as before, and the demand will surely call 
 forth a supply. Of course, if you have at present three or 
 four hotels at a little village or cross-roads, where one or 
 two are quite sufficient for the needs of the travelling 
 public, the others will have to go down. But that means 
 simply so many rumselling and boozing places less. The 
 one or two that remain will be amply sufficient to care 
 for the public, and will be able to make a good living 
 thereby. 
 
 9. Q. Shall we not have to pay higher taxes if we lose 
 the revenue from licenses ? 
 
 A. How much do you get for license fees ? Just take 
 that amount and glivide it by the taxable value of your 
 county or city. That will give you the exact extra amount 
 you would have to pay, supposing the county or city 
 makes no saving. And in most cases you will be astonished 
 at the trilling extra tax. 
 
 Then take the other side of it — the saving in criminal 
 prosecutions, support of poor, cost of police and constables, 
 and the money and labour saved, which otherwise would 
 be spent in drink. This will far exceed the amount lost 
 
 Ufaki 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 lOS 
 
 in license fees. It is calculated by statisticians that for 
 every dollar coming into the public treasury from the 
 liquor traffic, fully five dollars go out to provide for its 
 waste and crime. 
 
 Save the manhood of the country and the taxes will 
 take care of themselves. 
 
 10. Q. If we refuse to license the hotels, shall we not 
 lose the market they make for produce, furniture, light, 
 &c.? 
 
 A. What do the hotels require, meat, bread, milk, &c., 
 for ? Not for their drinkers, but for their eaters. Will the 
 public eat less when the "drink " is driven out? And if 
 the publicwill eat just as much or more, will not the hotels 
 have to buy materials just as before ? The market will be 
 made all the better if the bars be shut. Many a man who 
 is now too needy to pay for a dinner or too drunk to eat 
 one, will then be hearty and hungry, and able to pay. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 In the foregoing chapters, we have endeavoured to set 
 forth some of the advantages of our Local Option Tem- 
 perance Act ; its principal provisions ; the favour with 
 which it has been received, and the results that have come 
 from its proper enforcement. The history and success of 
 Prohibition in Maine, in Massachusetts, and in numer- 
 ous other places in the Old Country and in the New, have 
 been briefly but comprehensively outlined. A comparison 
 of statistics of Maine, under Prohibition, with Ontario and 
 Canada, and various States of the Union under license, 
 furnishes food for thought and a groundwork of unim- 
 peachable fact for argument, while the more common ob- 
 
104 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUATi. 
 
 jections to a Prohibitory Law in general, and to the Cana- 
 dian Temperance Act in particular, have been dealt with 
 shortly and suggestively. " 
 
 It remains only to say a word in conclusion as to the 
 necessity for prompt and immediate action. 
 
 By common consent intemperance is reprobated as a 
 sin, and deplored no less as a social and national, than as 
 an individual calamity. 
 
 No intelligent observer will, for a moment, attempt to 
 deny that a large part of the intemperance of our people 
 arises from the multiplied facilities for drinking which are 
 set up and maintained by authority of our laws. These 
 facilities act as a school in which the A, B, C, of drunken- 
 ness is taught to each generation of youth, and as power- 
 ful and invincible temptations to those whose appetite has 
 been already set. 
 
 It cannot but be apparent, that in proportion as these 
 drinking places are shut up, or made dis-respectable, their 
 influence is lessened, and consequently, sobriety becomes 
 more general. 
 
 The Canada Temperance Act has been given us as the 
 best instrument, which can, at present, be placed in our 
 hands, by which the community may lay the ban of its 
 disapproval upon the sin of drunkard-making, may take 
 away the facilities for doing this, and make the doer of it 
 responsible in the eyes of the law, as he is now in the 
 opinion of good men. 
 
 The measure of support that the people shall give to 
 this Act will be an index both of their repugnance to, and 
 condemnation of, the liquor traffic, and of their honest de- 
 sire for laws that will entirely prohibit the iniquity. 
 
 Why then should we not awake to our responsibility, 
 and show by our speedy and eft'ective action that we are 
 desirous of saving our country from the toils of its most 
 insidious and threatening foe ? Every age hes some great 
 work to do, either in preparation, in progress, or in fulfil- 
 ment. 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 ().*. 
 
 Our ancestors fought the long battles of pliysical, lu^^^'ii- 
 tal, religious, and political freedom, and we to-day enjoy 
 the fruits of their labours, and rejoice in them. No slave- 
 chains clank in all our borders ; censorship) of mind is ;i 
 relic of the almost forgott 3n past. Every man worshi|»s 
 God as he pleases, and non3 molest him, while, above ,\\\ 
 self-government laises its stable guarantee of libert\' au'l 
 security alike to individual and to countr}^ 
 
 But it is the part of no true citizen merely to enjoy r,fio 
 goodly heritage, or yet to rest content with its bare p> «.'- 
 servation. These legacies of the past are as capital h4"t 
 in our hands out of which still greater gains shall aecni*' 
 to our common brotherhood. There are heights yet u> br 
 scaled, and mountain tops for humanity from which tlie. 
 scene shall spread more beautifully, and the air blow mon/ 
 purely. And the good citizen, standing upon the solid 
 rock of privileges already gained, and liberties firmly se- 
 cured, will make of these but a vantage ground for the v>^- 
 moval of what may yet fetter human progress or lii rider 
 the fuller happiness of mankind. 
 
 As the eye of citizen, philanthropist or Christian, 
 sweeps the present or gazes out into the future, wliar, 
 curse looms up so darkly ? what enemy of man work s s. > 
 incessantly or with such fatal results? To measuiv all 
 the waste of wealth, the destruction of labour power, and 
 the burdens caused by that poverty, crime and disease 
 which are its constant outgrowths, would overtask the 
 strongest powers of the most gifted political econoinisi 
 To estimate the pain, the shame, the suffering and death 
 of soul and body, which ever follow in its wake, would 
 simply call for more than human capacity. For a vic<- 
 which mocks the hopes of humanity and withstands the 
 beneficence of Deity, this has no equal. What fatal inac- 
 tivity is it which allows any good man to be for one mo- 
 ment idle or unconcerned in the face of so monstrous an 
 evil, and one which stands full across the pathway of our 
 country's progress ? 
 
106 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 I i. 
 
 This heritage, which we love to call our country, is a 
 pleasant and a fruitful one. No hills rise more beauti- 
 fully to kiss the blue sky, no wide vales and fertile plains 
 lie more invitingly before the husbandman, no great 
 waterways bid for so vast a service, and the tides of three 
 oceans beat upon her coasts. Her soil responds gener- 
 ously to the tiller's toil, her seas abound in rich treasures, 
 her lap holds no niggard stores of mineral wealth, and no 
 climate is better fitted to brace and tone the nerves of an 
 industrious and intellectual people. The blood of the 
 best races, refreshed and invigorated by her cool north- 
 ern climate, flows in the veins of her people, and the 
 newly awakened national life leaps and thrills through 
 her pulses . . . Surely industry, in this chosen abode, 
 may well bless her loyal subjects with a liberal hand, and 
 prosperity smile upon them from the waving fields, and 
 loaded ships, and thronging business centres. 
 
 The Drink Traffic is the one evil spirit which hinders 
 and confuses this rich promise of material progress. It 
 seizes thousands of acres of our best land for i jS purposes, 
 condemns men to toil at its behest, and then insults both 
 nature and human labour by turning the millions of bush- 
 els of grain — God's gift for man's good — into a destruct- 
 ive poison. 
 
 It taxes its ingenuity to distribute the evil thing it has 
 made over all parts of our country, exhausts every form 
 of attraction to secure its consumption, and, as it pockets 
 the hard earned money of the toilers, laughs its mocking 
 laugh in full sight of the labour it has paralyzed, the good 
 it has wasted, the capital it has worse than sunk, the 
 crime it has engendered, the poverty it has nursed, and 
 the cruel deaths it has caused. 
 
 There is no greater enemy to Canada's material inter- 
 ests abroad this day than the wasteful, ruinous Drink 
 Traffic. But while it overturns the home of plenty, it 
 more cruelly still shatters the goblet of human happi- 
 ness. 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 107 
 
 IS a 
 
 The Home conies with its tender ministers, its atmos- 
 phere of purity, its touching of the good and true, its im- 
 planting of hopes, and its memories of enduring sweet- 
 ness. 
 
 The School joins with its awakening of intellect, its 
 unlocking of mysteries, its guidance into knowledge, its 
 stirrings of high ambitions, and its culture of the noblest, 
 and supplements the well begun work of the Homo. 
 
 The Church adds her sacred fire, which touches into 
 higher life the moral nature, her inspired hopes, her suf- 
 ficient solace, her sweet reconcilements, her heavenly joys 
 and infinite prospects. 
 
 This blessed Trinity of influences joins hands with our 
 humanity, and leads it upwards towards the rest. 
 
 But over against all these the Drink Traffic pollutes its 
 hostile camp, and gives them perpetual battle. 
 
 It robs the Home of its tenderness, fouls its purity, 
 vitiates its teachings, blasts its hopes, and turns its mem- 
 ories into a burden of bitterness. 
 
 It antagonizes the School by locking up intellects in a 
 pathetic idleness, by barring the path of knowledge to 
 thousands of little children, by lulling all ambition in the 
 dull lap of sensuality, and filling the same with images of 
 evil and degrading desires. 
 
 It undermines the Church by its subtle attractions, 
 which lead the child from the Sabbath School, the wor- 
 shippers from the sanctuary, and the preacher from the 
 pulpit ; by its unhallowed appetites and passions, which 
 eat into the better moral nature, deaden the conscience 
 and drown in their mad contentions every whisper of the 
 better and heavenly. 
 
 Between the Home, the School, tht Church, and the 
 Drink Traffic there is as inevitable and continued a warfare 
 as that between Heaven and Hell. 
 
 Think, honest reader, if you have no part in this traffic, 
 if you can be indifferent, if you dare to be neutral. Shall 
 the cry of human suffering, which arises upon all sides 
 
 m 
 
 j_.,j. 
 
 JMttmM 
 
'■ Wm;~ 
 
 ',mi> 
 
 108 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE MANUAL. 
 
 from the poor trampled victims of the traffic, appeal to 
 you in vain ? Is it nothing to you that stone after stone 
 is taken down from happy Canadian homes, thread after 
 thread drawn from fair woven liopes, and that life's song- 
 is so often turned into the sad moanings of despair ? Can 
 you look ii>to the child faces grown old before their time, 
 the 3^outhful faces all marred with vice and depravity, the 
 handsome faces distiffurcd with the revolting; signs of se:i- 
 suality and crime, the sorrowing faces so patient, so sad, 
 and so hopeless ; and yet trace behind them no finger 
 of thS Legalized Dramshop ? 
 
 Is it a little matter that ihe tenderest ties which bind 
 father to son, husband to wife, brother to sister, and hold 
 homes in perfect harmony, should on all sides be rut.i- 
 lessly torn asunder by that hand which gathers its motive 
 and its force from this same Place of Iniquity ? When 
 Society needs its members, and Industry claims her toil- 
 ers, and the Country asks for sterling citizenship, why 
 should you passively or actively allow or maintain that 
 pest of the one, the destroyer of the other and the sworn 
 enemy of the third ? 
 
 Reader, Think, Ponder, Resolve, and Act. 
 
 This greatest of preventable evils can be prevented, this 
 worst of slaver}' can be abolished, this most crying of all 
 national disgraces can be forever done away with. 
 
 And if we wall but recognise in this the great work of 
 our age, and undertake it cheerfully, couiageously and 
 hopefully, this century may behold in Canada a victory, 
 which shall immeasurably add to the sum of human good, 
 and remain for all time the fairest gem in all the coronal 
 of our country's history. 
 
 .:■' :'.* 
 
 V * i 
 
 ■■:• ■' • 4f ^ j. -..V' ■■■*;.• ■■•■■i- ■ • - <■ 
 
 . ' * * , • - 
 
 ■ '■_■ ,*i, ■ . ■■■• 'x': ' '» .» ■> 
 
TEMPERANCE LITERATURE. 
 
 liEAPLiBT SBRIES-4 Pages each-Price 5»1.00 par 1,000. 
 
 No, 1. What is t!ie Scott Act i ' ■ 
 
 *' 2. Objections Answered. 
 
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 r>.' The Plda of the Home. 
 0. Willnt Ruin Business ^ 
 7. The Right of Search. 
 
 PAMPHLET SERIES - 8 Pages each price $5 per 1,000. 
 
 No. 1. A Complete Answer to the lUunseller's Advocate. 
 >' 2. Facts vs. Fiction. 
 " M. Business Interests. 
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 '' 5. The Five Voices. 
 
 . I 
 
 
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