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MARCH OF THE TMN THC 
 
OF THE TE2f THOUSAND GHEEKS. 
 
I'F 
 
THE 
 
 FIRST GREEK BOOK 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. 
 
 PROFKSSOa OF GBEEK IN HABVARU UKIVEKSITT 
 
 IHediocrltatem I/lam teneblt quae eit Inter nimlum et parum 
 
 Boston, U.S.A.: 
 GINN & COMPANY. 
 
 Toronto: 
 THE COPP, CLAKK CO., LIMITED. 
 
Copyright, 1896 
 Bt JOHN WILLIA.MS WHITE. 
 
 A I.I, KKiHTS KKSEKVED 
 54-6 
 
PEEFAOE. 
 
 I f 
 
 » t 
 
 Since the publication of my Beginner^s Greek Book in 1892, 
 I have from time to time had letters from teacliers in different 
 parts of the country, who have informed me that the Beginner's 
 Book, because of its length, was not well adapted for use in the 
 schools in which they taught, and who have urged me to prepare a 
 briefer book on the same plan. They wished a book, they said, 
 which could be completed in two terms, and which would properly 
 prepare their pupils for the rapid but exact reading of a book of 
 the Anabasis during the last third of the year. 
 
 The First Greek Book is an attempt to meet this reasonable 
 request. I am aware that it is impossible that any elementary 
 book should be equally well adapted to the needs of all schools ; 
 but I have at least succeeded in making this book briefer than its 
 immediate predecessor. In writing it I have aimed to give, first, 
 only such fundamental facts of Greek grammar as the young pupil 
 must know before he can begin to read the connected narrative of 
 Xenophon intelligently and with pleasure, and secondly, a moderate 
 amount of practice, both in reading and in writing, in the application 
 of these principles. I have entirely excluded from the eighty lessons 
 into which the First Greek Book is divided- the Attic second 
 declension, the systematic treatmeut of the affinity of words, word 
 lists, word groups, the principles of word formation, and the divi- 
 sion of verbs into eight classes, although provision is made for the 
 study of some of these important matters, if the teacher finds the 
 time for it, in the materials furnished in the Appendix. Further, 
 
iy 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 tho dual number is not introduced into tlie exercises or reading 
 lesson? ; contracts of the vowel declension liave been treated more 
 concisely, and have been placed after the first lesson on contract 
 verbs, and the principles of syntax Jiave been presented more 
 simply. 
 
 Tlie principle, however, that I liave aimed to follow has been 
 that of liorizontal reduction, to use tlie expressive phrase of one of 
 my advisers among the teachers, rather than of omission. Each 
 lesson consists, in order, of a statement of gramni;itical principles, 
 of a vocabulary, of exercises, and of a brief reading lesson in con- 
 tinuous narrative. Paradigms have been transferred, except just 
 at the beginning, to the Appendix ; by this arrangement they are 
 not under the eye of the pupil as he translates his exercises. 
 The statements of grammatical facts have been brought into verbal 
 conformity witli tlie statements in the Greek Grammar of my col- 
 league, Professor Goodwin. The number of words in the vocabularies 
 has been reduced to ten on the average ; these words occur fre- 
 quently in the Anabasis. Each vocabulary includes all the words 
 not previously given that occur in the exercises of the lesson to 
 which it belongs ; the genitive and gender of all nouns are indi- 
 cated ; and only those related Greek words are pointed out which 
 have previously occurred and whose etymological connection is 
 obvious. The sentences in the exercises have been simplified, and 
 their number has been reduced ; each sentence illustrates once or 
 twice the grammatical principles presented in the lesson. The 
 interesting story contained in the first eight chapters of Xeno- 
 phon's Anabasis begins in simplified form in the thirteenth lesson, 
 and is continued in brief reading lessons ; none of these reading 
 lessons make demands on the knowledge of the pupil that he is 
 not prepared to meet through knowledge previously acquired. He 
 thus begins very soon to read continuous narrative, and keeps up 
 the practice day by day, and thus unconsciously acquires new words 
 in the most satisfactory way, by using them in connected discourse. 
 
 1 
 
PHKFACE. 
 
 ! A 
 
 Words that have not previously occurred are sparingly introduced 
 in the reading lessons. 
 
 The materials brought together in the Appendix are of such a 
 nature that, with the exception of the paradigms and rules of syn- 
 tax, they can be used or not according to the teacher's needs and 
 preference. They consist of a statement of the principles regulat- 
 ing the contraction of vowels and the changes of consonants, of a 
 complete set of paradigms, of the rules of syntax, illustrated by 
 examples, governing all the parts of speech except the verb (the 
 syntax of the moods and tenses of the verb is developed in the 
 lessons), of the principal parts of important verbs arranged alpha- 
 betically, and of eight alphabetical lists of the words contained in 
 the special vocabularies. 
 
 It gives me pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to my 
 colleague, Dr. Charles Burton Gulick, who prepared the first draft 
 of the reading lessons and has read the proofs, and to express my 
 thanks to the teachers in colleges, academies, and public schools 
 whose friendly and wise criticisms and suggestions have been of 
 the greatest service to me in writing this book. 
 
mmi^^t^mtmmimmmm* 
 
 mmmmmmm 
 
 ^ 
 
 X 
 
 1 
 
CONTKNTS. 
 
 UCflg 
 
 8 ROT. 
 
 I. 
 
 1-13 
 
 II. 
 
 14-28 
 
 nr. 
 
 20-12 
 
 IV. 
 
 4:M7. 
 
 V. 
 
 48-({0. 
 
 VI. 
 
 01-05. 
 
 VH. 
 
 00-74. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 70-80. 
 
 IX. 
 
 81-86. 
 
 X. 
 
 8(M)8. 
 
 XI. 
 
 00-104. 
 
 XII. 
 
 105-120. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 121-125. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 120-134. 
 
 XV. 
 
 135-144. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 145-163. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 154-164. 
 
 XVIII, 
 
 105-173. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 174-181. 
 
 XX. 
 
 182-101. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 102-207. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 208-216. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 216-225. 
 
 XXIV,. 
 
 226-238. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 230-248. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 240-258. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 250-267. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 268-278. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 270-285. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 286-205. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 206-311. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 312-321. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 322-330. 
 
 PAO K 
 
 Tho Alphabet. VowcIh, Consonants, DIplithonL's 1-3 
 Hri-atlangH, Syllables, Elision, Accent, i'unctua- 
 
 t>o»i 4_„ 
 
 Nouns. Introductory >j_q 
 
 A-I)eclen.sion. Fenjjnines in ij. lo 11 
 
 Verbs. Introductory '' nlj.j 
 
 A-I)eclen.sion. Keininlnes in o.. .!!."....!!. 14 15 
 
 Imperfect Indicative Active ]([' 17 
 
 ()-I)ecIension ...,""..... ly' 19 
 
 O-Dcclension (continued) ","'.. 2o'''l 
 
 Future and First Aorist Indicative Active 22-24 
 
 A-Declen.sion. Ma.sculine8 ' ' 25 20 
 
 Perfect and Tluperfect Indicative Active 9f{Lyn 
 
 Tlie Art of Reading ^[j oV 
 
 Adjectives of the Vowel Deciension .32*33 
 
 Analysis of the Primary Tenses 01 the hulicative ' ' 
 
 Active 24 35 
 
 Analysis of the Secondary Tenses of the Indica- ' 
 
 tive Active gg 07 
 
 Demonstrative Pronouns. 01)769!. 38-40 
 
 Present and Imperfect of ei/xl, be .. 4i_43 
 
 Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative Middie 43-45 
 Aorist, Perf^ect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect 
 
 Indicative Middle 40-48 
 
 Indicative Passive 40-61 
 
 Perfect, Pluperfect, and FuturePerfect'lndicfv^ 
 
 tive Middle and Passive of Labial Mute Verbs 52, 63 
 1 erfect and Pluperfect Indicative M iddle and Ptis- 
 
 sive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs 54-^f5 
 
 Prepositions 67-''0 
 
 Labial and Palatal Mute Stems "of "the Consoiian't ^ 
 
 Declension 00-62 
 
 Lingual Mute Stems of" the ConsonantDeclensiou 03 64 
 Adjectives of the Consonant Declension 65 66 
 
 Contract Verbs in aw in the Lidicative. ... 67-60 
 
 Contract Verbs in eu and ow in the Indicative 70 71 
 
 Contract Nouns and Adjectives of the Vowel ' 
 
 Declension i^o 70 
 
 Deponent Verbs. Conditional "Sentences 74I77 
 
 Subjunctive Active. Vivid Future Conditions' " 77-70 
 Subjunctive Active (continued). Subjunctive hi 
 
 liXhortations and in Final Clauses 80-82 
 
 vii 
 
Vlil 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 LESS. 
 
 SECT. 
 
 XXXIY. 
 
 331-338 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 339-344 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 346-352 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 363-369. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 360-368. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 369-377. 
 
 XL. 
 
 378-386. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 386-392. 
 
 XLII. 
 
 393-399. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 400-412. 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 413-419. 
 
 XLV. 
 
 420-425. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 426-432. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 433-442. 
 
 XLVIII. 
 
 443-462. 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 463-466. 
 
 L. 
 
 466-475. 
 
 LI. 
 
 476-481. 
 
 LII. 
 
 482-491. 
 
 LIII. 
 
 492-499. 
 
 LIV. 
 
 500-605. 
 
 LV. 606-611. 
 LVI. 612-621. 
 
 LVII. 
 
 622-530. 
 
 LVIII. 
 
 631-540. 
 
 LIX. 
 
 641-651. 
 
 LX. 
 
 652-564. 
 
 LXI. 
 
 666-576. 
 
 LXIL 
 
 677-581. 
 
 LXIIL 
 
 682-694. 
 
 LXIV. 
 
 595-601. 
 
 LXV. 
 
 602-613. 
 
 LXVI. 
 
 614-618. 
 
 LXVIL 
 
 619-632. 
 
 T.XVTT!. 
 
 A33-641. 
 
 LXIX. 
 
 642-647. 
 
 LXX. •048-€5&. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Subjunctive Middle and Paasive. Subjunctive 
 
 after Verbs of Fearing 83-86 
 
 Contract Verbs in the Subjunctive M6, 87 
 
 Liquid Stems of the Consonant Declension <. 88, 89 
 
 Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns 90, 91 
 
 Optative Active. Less Vivid Future Conditions 92-94 
 Optative Active (continued). Optative in Final 
 
 and Object Clauses 95-97 
 
 Optative Middle and Passive. Optative after 
 
 Verbs of Fearing 98-100 
 
 Contract Verbs in the Optative 101,102 
 
 Stems in j- of the Consonant Declension 103-106 
 
 Imperative Acti\e 106-108 
 
 Imperative Middle and Passive 108, 109 
 
 ( jntract Verbs in the Imperative 110,111 
 
 Adjective Stems in v and ea of the Consonant 
 
 Declension 112, 113 
 
 Personal Pronouns 113-116 
 
 Reflexive, Reciprocal, and Possessive Pronouns 116-118 
 
 The Infinitive 119-121 
 
 The Infinitive (continued) 122-124 
 
 Stems in i and i; of the Consonant Declension.. 126, 126 
 
 Participles Active 127-129 
 
 Participles Middle and Passive 130-132 
 
 Adjective Stems in v of the Consonant Declen- 
 sion. Irregular Adjectives 133,134 
 
 Stems in a Diphthong of the Consonant Declen- 
 sion 135, 136 
 
 Relative Pronouns. Genitive Absolute. Nu- 
 merals 137-139 
 
 Conditional Sentences. General Suppositious.. 140-142 
 
 Conditional Relative Sentences 143-145 
 
 Comparison of Adjectives 146-148 
 
 Present System of Verbs. Indirect Discourse.. 149-152 
 Future and First Aorist Systems of Vowel ^Jid 
 
 Mute Verbs. Indirect Discourse 153-166 
 
 Irregular Comparison of Adjectives 167-169 
 
 Future and First Aorist Systems of Liquid 
 Verbs. Interrogative Subjunctive. Indi- 
 rect Discourse 160-163 
 
 Formation and Comparison of Adjectives 163-165 
 
 Second Aorist System. Indirect Discourse 166-168 
 
 Numerals 169-171 
 
 First Perfect System. Indirect Discourse 172-174 
 
 Sppfxiirl p,^».f£j/i* 0,,„4-,>.»> ITK 1T7 
 
 i-'CA^Uii'-t Xtil^rLt ojctcixi liu—iii 
 
 Perfect Middle System of Vowel and of Mute 
 
 Verbs 178, 179 
 
 Perfect Middle System of Liquid Verbs 180-182 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 IX 
 
 PAGE 
 
 LESS. 
 
 SECT. 
 
 LXXI. 
 
 65(5-007. 
 
 LXXII. 
 
 608-070. 
 
 LXXIII. 
 
 077-688. 
 
 LXXIV. 
 
 080-098. 
 
 LXXV. 
 
 009-704. 
 
 LXXVI. 
 
 706-710. 
 
 LXXVII. 
 
 711-716. 
 
 LXXVIII. 
 
 717-725. 
 
 LXXIX. 
 
 720-731. 
 
 LXXX. 
 
 732-736. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 First Passive System. Complex Sentences in 
 
 Indirect Discourse 182-186 
 
 Second Passive System "l.."^.!.! 187-180 
 
 Verbal Adjectives 189-192 
 
 Regular Verbs in MI, Tldrjui '" 193-196 
 
 Regular Verbs in MI, 8i5uni 197-199 
 
 Regular Verbs in MI, i'o-TTj.ut 199-202 
 
 Regular Verbs in MI, SeUvv/xi 203-205 
 
 Second I'erfect System without Tense Suffix 206-208 
 
 Irregular Verbs in MI, 017;;.;, eifil, elfii 209-211 
 
 Irregulai- Verbs in MI (continued), Irjfii, Kei/xai, 
 
 ''^"' 212, 213 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 SECT. 
 
 737. 
 
 738. 
 739-749. 
 750-753. 
 754, 755. 
 756, 757. 
 758-764. 
 765-780. 
 781-783. 
 784-799. 
 800-870. 
 
 871. 
 872-884. 
 
 PAGF 
 
 Contraction of Vowels 01 r oi« 
 
 Changes of Consonants 21 7' 21 Q 
 
 Paradigms : Nouns 22nl29^ 
 
 Paradigms: Adjectives " 22«-9qn 
 
 Paradigms: Participles 2^0 sqi 
 
 Paradigms: Numerals 232 2?^ 
 
 Paradigms: Definite Article and Pronouns 2^412?? 
 
 Paradigms: Verbs in w 238-247 
 
 Paradigms : Contract Verbs in w... 248-2*.^ 
 
 Paradigms: Verbs in MI 9 J t'^^ 
 
 Rules of Syntax ::•: ^^-f'l 
 
 Prmcipal Parts of Important Verbs.. 27^-9^1 
 
 Word Grouping. Word Lists '^""''ZZZ^ZZ. 286-292 
 
TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 NO. 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 7. 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 10. 
 17. 
 18. 
 19. 
 20. 
 21. 
 22. 
 28. 
 24. 
 25. 
 26. 
 27. 
 28. 
 29. 
 30. 
 31. 
 32. 
 33. 
 34. 
 35. 
 36. 
 37. 
 38. 
 39. 
 40. 
 41. 
 42. 
 43. 
 44. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Greek Schoolroom 3 
 
 Ancient Dog-cart ^ ^^^ q 
 
 Assyrian Tents 9 
 
 The Slaying of the Suitors Z"..... 13 
 
 Sabre "' ' j4 
 
 Attic Four Drachma Piece 15 
 
 Bronze Boat used as a Lamp 21 
 
 Greelc Warrior ' 25 
 
 Sacrifice 29 
 
 Targeteer " ' 39 
 
 Ancient Persians 40 
 
 The Skulking Warrior 45 
 
 Assyrian Wagon 46 
 
 Theseus Fighting with Amazons 48 
 
 Attic Four Drachma Piece 54 
 
 Silenus the Satyr _ 56 
 
 Alexander the Great 61 
 
 Target - „ 'Z['Z'.'Z 62 
 
 Greek Armor 69 
 
 Battle 79 
 
 Darius III 82 
 
 Persian Daric _ 83 
 
 A Youthful Knight 85 
 
 Persian Slingers 90 
 
 Greek Armor 94 
 
 Chariot Race ] 97 
 
 Masks of Pan 99 
 
 Ostriches 100 
 
 Helmet IO3 
 
 Arming of a Greek Warrior 104 
 
 Raft of Inflated Hides Ill 
 
 Axe 114 
 
 Bridle II5 
 
 Greek Hoplites .... 118 
 
 Bow .ZZZ 122 
 
 Greek Schoolroom 127 
 
 Greek Armor 132 
 
 Altar ZZZ 137 
 
 Ancient Dogs 140- 
 
 Sword 148 
 
 Spear-heads 153 
 
 xO I 
 
 Anfipnt. Poroi 
 
 ans. 
 
 War Ship I59 
 
 Girdle 162 
 
PAGe 
 3 
 6 
 9 
 . 18 
 . 14 
 . 15 
 . 21 
 . 25 
 29 
 39 
 40 
 45 
 46 
 48 
 54 
 56 
 61 
 62 
 69 
 79 
 82 
 83 
 85 
 90 
 94 
 97 
 99 
 100 
 103 
 104 
 111 
 114 
 115 
 118 
 122 
 127 
 132 
 137 
 140- 
 148 
 163 
 157 
 159 
 102 
 
 TABLE OF ILLUSTHAtlONS. 
 
 A i 
 
 xo. 
 
 45. Darius goes Hunting ^aob 
 
 46. Attic Ten Drachma Piece 170 
 
 47. Ancient Horse Race 171 
 
 48. Assyrian Soldiers 175 
 
 61. Chaplet 188 
 
 52. Zeus and Victory" 196 
 
 63. Apollo flays Marsyas 202 
 
 64. Persian Charioteer. 204 
 
 66. Trumpeter . 208 
 
 56. Plan of the Battle atCunaxa 211 
 
 o^ Barbarians 214 
 
 68. The Stricken Persian 219 
 
 69. Attic Obol 225 
 
 60. Athena 227 
 
 61. Zeus 233 
 
 62. The Giving of Hands'. 234 
 
 63. Athena .... 237 
 
 64. The Caftan ZZ''. 264 
 
 66. Amazon 274 
 
 285 
 
 m. Mill ^^ ™^ VOCABULARIES. 
 
 67. Axe Z.Z. 6 
 
 68. War Chariot "Z 7 
 
 69. Artemis. 9 
 
 70. Oval Shield ...'.".' 10 
 
 71. Round Shield , 10 
 
 72. Attic Drachma Piece 11 
 
 73. Breast-plate 16 
 
 74. Horse and Rider 23 
 
 75. Herald 24 
 
 76. Greave ." 26 
 
 77. Helmet .." 27 
 
 78. Ancient Ships ......! !......"' 27 
 
 79. Stone-thrower... 31 
 
 80. Arming of Warriors 32 
 
 81. Heavy-armed Soldier 33 
 
 82. Target 34 
 
 83. Frontlet and Bridle of Horse 37 
 
 84. Persian Sceptre-bearer 4l> 
 
 85. Mounted Bowmen 41 
 
 86. Position of Rowers inthe Trimne 46 
 
 »/. Bowman 46 
 
 88. Greek Women...!....!... 47 
 
 89. Bracelet 48 
 
 90. Harnessing to the Chariot ^ 
 
 60 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
FIRST GREEK BOOK. 
 
 -•«♦- 
 
 LESSON I. 
 
 The Alphabet. Vowels, Consonants, Diphthongs. 
 1. T\w nn5ek Alphahet has twenty-four letters: 
 
 Form. 
 
 Phonttic Valua. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Form. 
 
 Phonetic Value. 
 
 Name. 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 "impa, ffjtlier 
 
 Alplui 
 
 N 
 
 V 
 
 now 
 
 Nu 
 
 B 
 
 P 
 
 t 
 
 Beta 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 wax 
 
 Xi 
 
 r 
 
 Y. 
 
 1 
 
 Ifo or aiwy (10) 
 
 Gam ma 
 
 
 
 
 
 obey 
 
 Omicroi 
 
 A 
 
 8 
 
 do 
 
 Delta 
 
 n 
 
 TT 
 
 joet 
 
 Pi 
 
 E 
 
 c 
 
 met 
 
 Epsilon 
 
 p 
 
 P 
 
 run 
 
 Rho 
 
 z 
 
 I 
 
 ddscQ 
 
 Zeta 
 
 2 
 
 (T 
 
 S sit 
 
 Sigma 
 
 H 
 
 n 
 
 pivy 
 
 Eta 
 
 T 
 
 T 
 
 <ell 
 
 Tau 
 
 6 
 
 e 
 
 Mill 
 
 Theta 
 
 Y 
 
 V 
 
 French U, German ii 
 
 Upsilon 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 p/n, niaeliMio 
 
 Iota 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 grajsAic 
 
 Phi 
 
 K 
 
 K 
 
 A'ill 
 
 Kappa 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 German buc/i 
 
 Chi 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 /and 
 
 Lambda 
 
 ^ 
 
 'I' 
 
 \nps 
 
 Psi 
 
 M 
 
 1* 
 
 wen 
 
 Mil 
 
 Q 
 
 (i> 
 
 tone 
 
 Omega 
 
 2. At the end of a vord «, elsewhere o-, as ctki^i^s, o/ a /gnf. 
 
 3, The Vowels ur** n < « • « ^.^ .»«/? .. t^v „ :„: 
 
 letters are Consonants. 
 
' I 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 VOWELS AND CONSONANTS. 
 
 4. Vowels are either short or long. There are separate 
 Greek characters (€ r\, o o)) for the e and o sounds, but not for 
 the a, I, and u sounds. In this book the sliort vowels are 
 designated by a, c, i, o, v, the long by d, i], i, «, u. 
 
 6. The consonants are divided into semivowels, mutes, and 
 double consonants. 
 
 6. The semivowels are X, |i, v, p, <r, and -y-nasal (10). X, y.^ 
 V, p are liquids ; cr is a sibilant. 
 
 7. The mutes are of three classes and of three orders: 
 
 ^"""^'- Orders. 
 
 Labial or ir-mutes it p <t>, Smooth mutes ir k t, 
 Palatal or K-mutes k y X' M^t^^e mutes P 7 8, 
 Lingual or T-mutes t 8 9. i^owyA mutes <|) x ©• 
 
 8. Mutes of the same class are called cognate ; iho^Q of the same 
 order, co-ordinate. 
 
 9. The double consonants are | (for /t?), \|/ (for tt?) 
 and J. 
 
 10. The consonants are pronounced, in general, like their 
 English equivalents ; but gamma before k, 7, x, or | equals ng 
 in siw^, and is called gamma nasal. 
 
 Give the phonetic value of each letter in the alphabet (1). 
 
 11. The Diphthongs are at, au, ci, €i,, 01, ou, riu, ui, 
 ?., 11, <?. The last three, formed by writing i under d, 11, «, 
 
 are called tm/nfnnfir {Wnh^^^vc" t^u^:- ^ 1 ■, . I'l- 
 
 .^..^..,., uipiiwiix^ixgo. xiicii suuuaa vowel la called 
 
 iota subscript. 
 
DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 8 
 
 12. The diphthongs are pronounced 
 
 at as in msle, 
 €t as in eightj 
 ot as in oil, 
 
 av as ou m ouTy 
 
 VI as in quit, 
 
 ou as in group, 
 
 CD and r\v as 6h-oo, eh-oo (for these tliere are no exact 
 
 ci, 11, <p, as a, 11, (0. equivalents in English), 
 
 Give the name of each letter, and the phonetic value of each single vowel, 
 consonant, and diphthong in the following words: 
 
 13. 
 
 T|-(i€-pa, day. 
 
 o-KTj-v^, tent. 
 
 av-Opw-TTos, 7nan. 
 
 Pov-\cv-ci, he plans. 
 
 6-ir\t-Tt]s, hoplite. 
 
 Iv rx\ \«!t-pq., in the country. 
 
 vl-6$, son. 
 
 X6-Y01, speeches. 
 
 w-Ktj-<ro, I dwelt. 
 
 w-Sc, thus. 
 
 BXERCISB. 
 
 Oti-po, door. 
 iv (TKij-vfi, in a tent. 
 a-yt-rt, you lead. 
 &-)ia-Sa, wagon. 
 dp-ird-lia, I plunder. 
 <t>o-Pc-p6$, frightful. 
 o4.t6s, self, Lat. ipse. 
 iv Xd-Y(i>, in a speech. 
 'E\-\t|-vi-k6s, Greek. 
 d-Ya-96s, good. 
 
 Oil-pat, doors. 
 Xv-ov-o-i, they loose. 
 oY-7c-\os, messenger. 
 8"-pov, gift. 
 Xw-pa, country. 
 ^^-Xi-ov, bracelet. 
 \6-yos, speech. 
 ol-Ki-a, I dwell. 
 "Ap-T€-(Ats, Artemis. 
 ot-Koi, at home. 
 
 No, 
 
 Greek Schoolroom. 
 
BREATHINGS, SYLLABLES, ELISION. 
 
 LESSON II. 
 
 Breathings, Syllables, Elision, Accent, Punctuation. 
 
 14. Every vowel or diplithong at the beginning of a word 
 has either tlie Hough Breathing (*) or the Smooth Breath- 
 ing (»). The rougli breathing shows that the vowel is aspi- 
 rated, i.e. that it is preceded by the sound of h, as rj-fjLe-pa, day, 
 vl-6<i, son, 'E\-\r)-vi-K6^, Greek; the smooth breatliing shows that 
 the vowel is not aspirated, as d-yco, I lead, "Ap-Tc-fiL^i, Artemis, 
 ^KTj-a-a, I dwelt. 
 
 15. A Greek word has as many Syllables as it has separate 
 vowels or diphthongs. A syllable is long by nature when it 
 has a long vowel or diphthong. 
 
 a. In dividing a word into syllables, single consonants and combina- 
 tions of coiisonants which can begin a word are, with few exceptions, 
 placed at the beginning of a syllable ; other combinations of consonants 
 are divided. Thus <^o-^£-po5, frightful, o-ttAi-tt;?, hoplite, but d/3-7ra-^a), 
 / plunder. 
 
 10. A short final vowel may be dropped when the next 
 word begins with a vowel, whether this has the rough or the 
 smooth breathing. This is called Elision. An apostrophe 
 marks the omission. Thus eV avrov, against him, for eVt avrov. 
 
 17. Most words ending in ori, and all verbs of the third 
 person ending in c, generally add v when the next word begins 
 with a vowel, as exovcnv oUid^, they have houses ; elx^v oUidv, 
 he had a house. This is called v Movable. It may also be 
 added at the end of a sentence. 
 
 Pronounce each syllable of the words in 13. 
 
ACCENT. 
 
 D. 
 
 a word 
 
 It EAT H- 
 
 is aspi- 
 >a, day,, 
 ws that 
 irtemis^ 
 
 eparate 
 vhen it 
 
 sombina- 
 ceptions, 
 [isonants 
 
 e next 
 
 or the 
 
 stroplie 
 
 i avTov. 
 
 3 third 
 begins 
 
 OLKldv^ 
 
 also be 
 
 18. There are three Accents : 
 
 the acute ('), as a-ya-SS^, good, f /n^-^d, day, "Ap-re-^K;, 
 Artemis, ^Krj-aa, I dtvelt ; 
 
 the grave (^), as a/crj-val d-ya-Oa{, good tents; 
 the circumflex (-), as aKrj-vij^, of a tent, cS-Se, thus, 
 iv crKT)-vaU, in tents. 
 
 19. Tlie acute can stand only on one of the last three 
 syllables of a word, the circumflex only on one of the last two, 
 and the grave only on the last. 
 
 20. The circumflex can stand only on a long syllable. 
 Wlien d, I, u have the circumflex, the long mark is omitted, 
 and they are written a, t, i). 
 
 21. The antepenult, if accented, takes the acute, as S,v-ep(o- 
 TTo?, man; but it can have no accent if the last syllable is 
 long or ends in | or \|/, as av-epay-irov, of a man. 
 
 22. An accented penult is circumflexed when it is long 
 while the last syllable is short, as 8a>-pou, gift. Otherwise it 
 takes the acute, as 8<o-pov, of a gift, x^^pd, land. 
 
 23. Final ai and oi are counted as short in determining the accent 
 as a-fia-^at, wagons, xS^'pat, lands, except in the optative, and in the adverb 
 oi-Kot, at home. 
 
 24. An accented ultima has the acute when short, as 
 a-ya-e6,, good; the acute or circumflex when long, as a^y-v^, 
 tent, (TKr)-v7i<i, of a tent. 
 
 25. A word which, like a^v-v^, tent, has the acute on the 
 last syllable is called oxytone (i.e. sharp-toned). An oxytone 
 changes its acute to the grave before other words in the'same 
 sentence, as aKr]-p^ h-ya-B^, a good tent. 
 
msms 
 
 6 
 
 PUNCTUATION. 
 
 26. Some monosyllables have no accent and are closely 
 attached to the following word, as eV (TKr)-v^, in a tent. These 
 are called Pkoclitics. 
 
 27. An Enclitic is a word which loses its own accent and 
 is pronounced as if it were a part of tlie preceding word, as 
 dv-dpco-TToi re, hdminhque in Latin. 
 
 28. The Greek uses the comma (,) and the period (.) like 
 the English. It has also a colon, a i)oint above the line (•), 
 which is equivalent to the English colon and semicolon. The 
 mark of interrogation (;) is the same as the English semicolon. 
 
 Name the accent of each word in 13, and state the principle or principles 
 in 18-27 which apply to it. 
 
 Pronounce each of these words. 
 
 n 
 
 No. 2. Ancient Dog-cart. 
 
NOUNS. 
 
 LESSON III. 
 
 Nouns. — Introductory. 
 
 29. There are five Cases in Greek, the nominative, genitive, 
 dative, accusative, and vocative. 
 
 30. The nominative and vocative plural are always alike. In neuters, 
 the nominative, accusative, and vocative are alike in all numbers ; in the 
 plural these end in o. 
 
 31. There are three Numbers, the singular, the dual (which 
 denotes two objects), and the plural. 
 
 32. There are three Genders, the masculine, the feminine, 
 and the neuter. 
 
 33. As in Latin, names of males and of rivers, winds and 
 months are masculine; names oi females and of countries, towns, 
 trees, and islands, and most nouns denoting qualities or con- 
 ditions are feminine. 
 
 34. There are three Declensions, the First or A-Beclension, 
 the Second or 0-Declension, and the Third or Consonant Declen- 
 sion. The first two together are sometimes called the Vowel 
 Declension, as opposed to the Third. 
 
 35. The place of accent in the nominative singular of a 
 noun or adjective must generally be learned by observation. 
 The other forms accent the same syllable as the nominative, if 
 the last syllable permits (21); otherwise the following syllable. 
 
 36. In the genitive and dative of all numbers a long ultima, 
 if accented, takes the circumflex. 
 
8 
 
 A-DKCLKNUION. 
 
 A-Declension. — Feminines in 3. 
 
 37. Nouns of tlie A-Doeltuision end in a, ti, or a (feminine), 
 or in as or ^s (niasculine). Feminines generally end in a,' 
 Si c, I, or p precedes the ending. 
 
 38. 
 
 PARADiaMS. 
 
 x»ps, 
 
 COUNTRY. 
 
 8. N. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 I). N. A.V. 
 O. D. 
 
 P. N. 
 
 o. 
 z>. 
 
 XfipS, country 
 X«pas, of country ' 
 X«pqi, to or for country 
 XwpSv, country 
 XwpS, O country 
 
 X«pS 
 X<&patv 
 
 X«pai, countries 
 Xwpwv, of countries 
 Xt&pais, to or for countries 
 XupSs, countries 
 X»pai, O countries 
 
 O-TpOTlji, 
 AUMY. 
 
 o-rpaTid 
 o-Tparids 
 
 (TTpaTlljl 
 
 trrparisiv 
 
 O-TpttTlji 
 
 (rrparid 
 <rTpaTiatv 
 
 trrpariaC 
 
 <rrpaTitSv 
 
 orrpariats 
 
 o-TpariSis 
 
 crrpaTiat 
 
 i) filKp^ Ovpa, 
 
 THH HMALI. DOOIl. 
 ^ |JltKp^ 6vpS 
 
 t{)s (iiKpas OvpBs 
 Tfi iJiUpql Ovp^^ 
 
 TTJV p.iKp^V OvpSv 
 
 |iiKp^ 6vpS 
 
 TO) (tiKpk Ovpa 
 TOiv filKpaiv 6vpaiv 
 
 al (iiKpal Ovpai 
 
 TUV (ilKpWV OvpWV 
 
 rats jjiiKpals Ovpais 
 r^S )j,iKp^s OvpSs 
 l&iKpaV Oilpai 
 
 39. The genitive plural of nouns of this decioiibion always 
 has the circumflex on the last syllable. 
 
 a. For the accent of the other forms, see 35, 22 (final ai is short, 23), 36. 
 The forma ^, ..;. of fhe article are proclitic (2G). The vocative of ' the 
 article does not . •, ovr. 
 
 b. The noiv-vi^tjve and vocative of these nouns, both singular and plural 
 are alike (30). 
 
FKMININK.S IN ALPHA (LONG). 
 
 tiinine), 
 d in a, 
 
 u 
 
 Jvpa, 
 
 .1, 
 
 DOOK. 
 
 I 
 
 Ovpa 
 
 IS 
 
 GvpBs 
 
 
 evpij 
 
 Iv 
 
 e^ipfiv 
 
 
 Ovpa 
 
 
 0i>pa 
 
 IV 
 
 Ovpaiv 
 
 I 
 
 Ovpai 
 
 ►V 
 
 Ovpdiv 
 
 ts Ovpais 
 
 s 
 
 OvpSs 
 
 V 
 
 dvpai 
 
 9 
 
 40. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 dyopii, ot, 7, market-place. 
 
 OwpS, as, if, door. 
 
 ©Ufa, aj, 17, house. 
 
 o-Tpariji, aj, ^, army. 
 
 X«pa, aj, ^, ;)/ace, land, country. 
 
 ^aKptf, adj., /onflr. 
 HiKpd, adj., sm««, /t«/e. 
 4v, prep, with dat., m (a proclitic). 
 ^v, he {she, it) ivas; ^o-av, they were. 
 'X", he {she, it) has; l^ova-i, they 
 have. 
 
 ...g for,,, „f tl,. .leh„,t„ article, .us Ayopd, Si,, ^ „,,„o ^ xkr,,!!!™ tl,-.t 
 ttyo/3tt 18 feniiniiio. ' 'bnuus ui.it 
 
 41. Kbad aloud and translate : 1. oUCac ^iKoai 
 f ^v ra.,ayopah. 3. eV oIkU;. ^i.p^. 4. ^ oeVca 0^paV 
 
 J. at o.«c„, ^,«pat ^,ra.. 10. ^i^^ai ^a. ac 0^p„, rZu 
 
 OLKLtDV. ^ 
 
 3 t!"th?*Trf '■^■^''' '""^ ''"y' 2- For small armies. 
 I'lnlZt"'""''- ^•'^'^— ">~". 5. He has 
 
 always , 
 
 23), 36. 
 of the 
 
 i plural, 
 
 No. 3. Assyrian Tents. 
 
10 
 
 FEMININES IN ETA. 
 
 ill 
 
 lAi: 
 
 LEssor; IV. 
 
 A-Declension. — Feminines in j\. 
 
 43. If €, I, or p does not precede (37), feminines generally 
 end in r\. This 7\ appears only in the singular. 
 
 44. 
 
 , 
 
 PARADIGMS. 
 
 
 J-')' 
 
 
 •««^I*T|, 
 
 i\ koXtj o-kt)vi^, 
 
 T JiiKfA erKT)v^, 
 
 i 
 
 
 VILLAGE. 
 
 THE FINE TENT. 
 
 THE LITTLE TENT. 
 
 m 
 
 S. M. 
 
 K(6uiT|, village 
 
 <| KttXlJ (rKt)Vlf] 
 
 f| HiKp^ (TKTJvfj 
 
 £ 
 
 o. 
 
 K«|iT]8, of a village 
 
 Tfjs KttXf^S CTKTJvf^S 
 
 Tfjs fiiKpas o-Kijvf|s 
 
 V 
 
 D. 
 
 KiSt^Xi, to or for a village 
 
 T^ KOX-Q irKT)V^ 
 
 T^ l&lKp^ O-KIJV^ 
 
 
 A. 
 
 KM|jiT]v, village 
 
 Ttjv koXtjv a-Ki\vf\v 
 
 TTJV p-lKp^V (rKT|V^V 
 
 
 V. 
 
 K<&)iT|, village 
 
 koXt] 0-KT]W| 
 
 filKp^ OTKriV^ 
 
 
 D. N.A.V. 
 
 Kufia 
 
 T«a KoXk O-KTJvi 
 
 T« ftlKp^ 0-KT)vtf 
 
 t 
 
 G. D. 
 
 K(&|jiaiv 
 
 To£v KoXaiv oTKTivalv 
 
 Toiv fiiKpaiv o-KTjvat* 
 
 ■ 
 
 P. N. 
 
 KU|iai, villages 
 
 ol KttXal orKt)vo( 
 
 ot filKpol crKTjvo£ 
 
 1 
 
 6. 
 
 K<a\i.m; of villages 
 
 T«v KaXwv <rKT)vwv 
 
 T«V (iiKpWV CTKTIVWV 
 
 1 
 
 D. 
 
 K(4nais, to or for villages 
 
 Tttis KoXais <rKi)vats 
 
 Tais p-iKpais o-Kijvais 
 
 1 
 
 A. 
 
 Kw|iS$, villages 
 
 rks KoKks <rKtjv«s 
 
 tks (iilKn^s (rKT)v<l^$ 
 
 1 
 
 V. 
 
 Kuftai, villages 
 
 KoAal (rKt]va£ 
 
 |i.iKpal (rKi\val 
 
 1 
 
 45. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 
 1 
 
 KpOV7^, 
 
 7s» Wjftcry, uproar. 
 
 KaK^, adj., bad. 
 
 
 "i 
 
 K(i|MJ, 7;s, 
 
 ^^m^oe. 
 
 KaX-(\, adj., beautiful, fine. 
 
 i 
 
 ndxTj, Vi 
 
 V, hMle, fight. No. 20. 
 
 <l>oP«pi, adj., frightful, fearful. 
 
 ■1 
 
 cTKtivfj, ^s, 17, tent. No. 3. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 n-(^(vS6vT] 
 
 , -ns, i], sling. No. 24. 
 
 Kat. com"., and. 
 
 n.lan 
 
VERBS. 
 
 11 
 
 46. 1. cV Tjj K(ofi7) ^a-av filKpal (TK7)vaL. 2. at filKpal 
 oiKiai KaKoX 9j(Tav. 3. at o-«7?mi /caXat ^aav. 4. eV r^ 
 ^^/^?? t^^Xn <l>ofi^pa ^v. 5. ^ Kpavy^ r^9 o-r^anas <^o^e/)a^ 
 ^i'. 6. cV rar? /caXat? /cdJ/xat? ^aav otViat. 7. (T(f>^vh6vy)v 
 9^et eV riJ o-kt;^^. 8. Ac/)avy^ ^o^ep^ h rat? Aca>/.a:9 ^z.. 
 9, eV rar? o-zcryi^ar? ^crai/ a[ cr^^vUvai. 10. ij otVtd yaE/cpa' 
 r^v /cat -)) (TK-r]vy) KaKTJ. 
 
 47. 1. In the villages were tents. 2. They have slings in 
 the tents. 3. The battles were fearful. 4. There was a small 
 house in the village. 5. They have tents and slings 
 
 LESSON V. 
 
 « 
 
 Verbs. — Introductory. 
 
 48. The Greek verb has three Voices, the active, middle, 
 and passive. 
 
 49. There are four MooDs, the indicative, subjunctive, 
 optative, and imperative. These are the finite moods. To 
 them are added, in the conjugation of the verb, the infinitive 
 and participles. 
 
 50. There are seven Tenses, the present, imperfect, future 
 aorist, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. The present 
 future, perfect, and future perfect indicative are called ^rmar. 
 tenses ; the imperfect, aorist, and pluperfect mdinnbV^ are 
 callea secondare/ tenses. 
 
 61. There are three Persons. 
 
aaMMHMni 
 
 ii 
 
 12 
 
 PHEISEN T INDl CA TI VE A C Tl VE. 
 
 52. There are three Numueks, as in nouns (;U). 
 
 53. The accent of verbs is recessive, i.e. it is tluovvn as 
 far back as possible. 
 
 54. Tlie Stem of a verb is its fundamental part, from 
 whi(^h its various tenses are foi-med. The stem of \6(o, looHe, 
 IS \v or \v, of (SovXevco, plan, /SovXev, of 7re>7ra), and, nefnr. 
 
 Present Indicative Active. 
 
 Ol 
 
 i. 
 
 PARADia/VlS 
 
 
 
 s. 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 
 XSl», / loose 
 Xdcis, you loose 
 Xd«i, he looses 
 
 PovXcvw, plan 
 
 PovXcvMs 
 
 PovXcvM 
 
 iri^ira, send 
 
 irifMTW 
 
 apirdtca, ro6 
 
 04>irdt<is 
 
 apirdl<i 
 
 D. 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 X^rov 
 Xi^rov 
 
 ^ovXcv(rov 
 PouXcvfTOv 
 
 Wjiir«Tov 
 ir<|iir€TOv 
 
 dpird^<Tov 
 dpird|[cTov 
 
 V. 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 
 Xt^oficv, wc loose 
 Xd«T€, you loose 
 X^ovo-i, they loose 
 
 PovXcvofMv 
 
 PovXcViTC 
 
 PovXcvouQ-i 
 
 ir^|iiro|uv 
 7r^|Air<T« 
 
 dpirdSofuv 
 
 dpird(«T( 
 
 dpird];ov<ri 
 
 56. 
 
 &Y«», /ead, carry, bring. 
 lipirdSw, seue, roft, plunder. 
 PovXcvw, p/a/j, ;)/()^ 
 ?X«», Aawe, hold. 
 Xw«, /oose, destroy, break. 
 irrffjnrw, S(?u(i, 
 
 'EXXuviKyj, adj., (7rceA;. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 iri»Xn, r]i, 17, r/a^e. 
 
 <|>vXaKV), Tji, i), guard, garrison. 
 
 ii (before a vowel), ^k (before a consonant), 
 prep, with gen., out of, from (a proclitic). 
 
 ow (before a consonant), ovk (before the smooth 
 bre;ithi!ig), sA^ (before the rougli brcatiung), 
 adv., not (a proclitic). 
 
 i 
 
PUEtiKNT INDIVATIVK ACTIVE. 
 
 11 
 
 rown an 
 
 ft, from 
 )«, loose., 
 
 dl«, rob 
 
 dj;<is 
 
 iiu 
 
 Ltoficv 
 i]|ov<rt 
 
 isonant), 
 itic). 
 B smooth 
 bathing), 
 
 57. 1. fiov\ev€L. 2. kvovcTL. 3. ^xet9. 4. Tre/oiTrct?. 
 5. excTc. 0. fiovkevofiep. 7. ctyw. 8. dpirdiu. 9. a>7ra- 
 
 Jcre. 10. TTCflTTOVO-L. 
 
 58. 1. IFo plunderH. 2. Wo load. 3. Thoy plan. 4. You 
 solid, f). J looso. 
 
 ^59. 1. dyo) (TTpariav *E\Xr}VLKyp. 2. ra? /caXa? 0-^7/1.(^5 
 Xvovo-t. 3. ovx dpTrd^o) rd<; Kcofjid^. 4. ttiu (fivKaKrjv 
 dyovdLU^ Ik t^v (TKrju^u. 5. cxovaLp ot/cta? /caXa?. G. at 
 
 /CW/Xat TTuXd? OVAC ixOVO-LU.^ 7. OlJ TT€fl7rOfl€P T7)V (f>vXaK7Ju. 
 
 S.dpndCeTe ttjv x^P^^ / 9- eV rwi/ /cai//,w»/ ttc^ttci tt^v (rrpa- 
 nap. 10. €K T^9 dyopa? dyet? 7771/ *E\\7;^t/c^j, (jivXaKrjv; 
 
 «<). 1. Has he a Greek guard? 2. We are not destroying 
 the gates. 3. I am sending a garrison. 4. You liave a beauti- 
 ful liouse. 5. He is not plundering the houses in the village. 
 
 Note. — 1 For 1/ movable, see 17. 
 
 No. 4. The Slaying of the Suitors. 
 
^ 
 
 14 
 
 FEMININES IN ALPHA {SHOUT). 
 
 i 
 
 LESSON VI. 
 A-Declension. — Feminines in a. 
 
 61. A few feminines end in a (short). This a appears only 
 in the nominative, accusative, and vocative singuhir The 
 genitive and dative have a, if e, i, or p precedes, otherwise t,. 
 
 62. 
 
 N. V. 
 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 Y<<f>vpa, 
 
 BHIDOE. 
 
 ■y^^vpa 
 7C()>vpas 
 
 ■y€<J)vpq. 
 
 Y^<t>vpav 
 
 D. N. A.V. 'Y«<t>tip3 
 G. D. Y<*^^PCl^V 
 
 p. N. V. 
 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 
 Y^4>«]ipai 
 'YC(|>vpuv 
 Yc<|>i$pais 
 Yci|>vpa$ 
 
 PARADIGMS. 
 OAXarra, 
 
 ' SEA. 
 
 OdXarra 
 
 OoXdTTTJS 
 
 OoXAtttj 
 OdXarrav 
 
 BoXdrra 
 OoXdrraiv 
 
 OdXarrai 
 oaXaTToiv 
 doXdrrais 
 floX '.Tras 
 
 a. For the accent, see 35, 21, 39. 
 
 Iidxaipa dvaeVj, 
 
 A GOOD SABRK. 
 
 ftdxoipa d^aO^ 
 
 Hoxafpos dYaOfjs 
 
 liaxaCpqi dYaOfi 
 
 Hdxaipav dYaO^iv 
 
 (laxafpa dYaOi 
 t^axaCpaiv dYaOaiv 
 
 Hdxoipai dYaOoC 
 )iaxaipwv dYaOuv 
 |*axa(pois dYaOais 
 |*oxa(pas dYaGds 
 
 No. 5. "/idxatpa dyae-f). 
 
FEMININES IN ALPHA {SHORT). 
 
 16 
 
 ars only 
 •. The 
 me r\. 
 
 BRE. 
 
 yaOf)s 
 yaefi 
 
 yaOaiv 
 faOaC 
 
 aOais 
 
 03. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 &Ha|o, ijy, ^, waf/on. No. 13. 
 Y<(|>vpa, or, 17, bridge. 
 OdXaTTtt, 77J, 17, sea. 
 
 Itdxaipa, aj, ^ (c/-. ^dx?;), A;ni/e, saln-e. 
 
 No. T). 
 iif<\Ttj, 77J, ^, sAieW, tor«7e«. No. 18. 
 Tpdircja, t;s, ^, iaWe. No. 4. 
 
 &.yo»{\y adj., flrood, 6mve. 
 
 oTTcv^, adj., narrow. 
 
 €ts, prep, will) ace, m«o, )!o (a pro- 
 clitic). 
 
 i-nl, prep.: with gen., on, upon; with 
 dat., on, by, at; with aec, ujson, /!o, 
 against. 
 
 7. €m T,,^ ^'aXarra.- oi« iya, r^ <^v\aK,V. 8. ^.V^«, 
 
 Z3' ^"''"'' "''""^"' " ^"^"^^^ '^' 
 
 es. 1. We are destroying the tables. 2. They are not 
 plundonng the wagons. 3, The bridges were long a.fd nlrrow 
 4. s he bringing the sabres on the wagon? 5 He does Zi 
 lead the garrison from the villages to the sea. 
 
 No. 6. Attic Four Drachma Piece. 
 
16 
 
 IMPKUFKCT INDICATIVE AVTIVK. 
 
 * 
 
 LESSON VII. 
 
 Imperfect Indicative Active. 
 
 ««. In tlio socoiulary tenses (f.O) of (lie indicalivo, tlio verb 
 receives an Aikjmknt {i.e. incri'(ti<r) at the beginning. 
 
 «7. Augment is of two kinds : 
 
 1. SyUahii', augment, wbieli i)rerixes c to verbs beginning 
 with a consonant, as \vw, imperfect ^-\vov, 1 was looumj. 
 
 2. Temporal augment, wliieli lengthens tlie lirst syUabh? of 
 verl)s beginning with a vowel or diphthong, as aV. inii)erfect 
 y)you, I was leaMtH/. When augnuMited, a and c become 7\; 
 I, 0, V become i, <o, ii ; ai and q, become -[I ; oi becomes <^. 
 
 a. txM irmgulavly has the iiuporfoct ef^ov. 
 
 «8. The imperfect indicative represents an action as going 
 on in. pixst time, as eXvov, I wa^ looshnj or 1 loosed. 
 
 m. 
 
 
 PARADIQMS. 
 
 
 8. 1. 
 
 2. 
 3. 
 
 fXuov 
 <Xv(s 
 
 ;Xvi 
 
 ^PovXcvov 
 ^^ovXcvcs 
 j^ovXcvc 
 
 firtiiffov 
 
 TjpTralov 
 TJpiralJts 
 tipirajc 
 
 i>. 2. 
 3. 
 
 iXdtTOV 
 4Xv<TtJV 
 
 ^PovXcvCTOV 
 
 4PovXcv^rT)v 
 
 iir«|iir<TTjv 
 
 TipirdJcTov 
 T|piraJ«TTiv 
 
 p. 1. 
 
 4XvO(iCV 
 
 ^PovX<iio)icv 
 
 ^ir^p,irofi.cv 
 
 T|pirdtoficv 
 
 O 
 
 A.-. 
 
 3. 
 
 i\A 
 
 C/\UlTt 
 
 cXvov 
 
 CpOvX{V€T« 
 
 iPovXcvov 
 
 JTT^fiirCTC 
 lirCfJlTTOV 
 
 T|pTrd^€T€ 
 
 'Hpira^ov 
 
IMVKUFKCT INDTCATIVK AdTIVK. 
 
 17 
 
 tho vimI 
 
 •i» 
 
 /. 
 
 lablo (rf 
 HJorfoct 
 oino r\ ; 
 
 0. 
 
 s going 
 
 ^ITOV 
 ^OfiCV 
 
 7<>. V(HbH hiivo rocesslvo accuMit (r,;j). Rut, under t]i(3 
 general laws, tlie accent H()nuainu^s shifts (l!>), as ^Xvov, iUofieu 
 etc., sometimes changes (lil), as dxo,, / W, «>/xe«., ^/;. had. 
 
 Review the meanhujs of all the wonls yiren in the rocahulnries of Lemm, 
 
 i i I • — V i % 
 
 8. cVe/iTTC. 9. rjpTrdCofiev. 
 
 71. 1. iXvere. 2. 'jjyoj/. 
 G. cr^e. 7. ey8ou\cu€9. 
 10. ijSovXevofxep. 
 
 7a. 1 Iloasod. 2.W«IuuI. 3. YouHcnt. 4. Ho ,,la„„,Ml. 
 o. Uiey iiliimleiod. 
 
 ^ 73. 1 ^ oiVtd ^.J^d? KaXa? dxt. 2. T^, ,ji„\aKV 
 
 oiKias. 4. ,p,7a^€s 7^5 o-«,,.-d9; 5. e'/c r^s oiVw? oi« 
 
 /. a,tafa9 e.- rg dyop^ erj^tre. 8. eVl rr,p 0d\aTTau ^yop 
 
 r,, a/.af^5 ,ye;-.' 10. ,t>v\a^i,„ 'EWnuc^i,,, .W>^oae^ «', 
 T171/ ayopap. 
 
 74. 1. He was destroying the tents. 2. We did not send 
 the ^^arnson to the bridge. 3. They plnndered the wagons. 
 4. 1 hey did not lead the army from the village. 5. You led 
 the guard from the houses to tlie sea. 
 
 Note. — » For >/ movable, see 17. 
 
■tmmmm 
 
 18 
 
 0-DECLENHlON. 
 
 LESSON VIII. 
 
 '0-Declension. 
 
 75. Nouns of the 0-Declension end in os (masculine, rarely 
 feminine) or in ov (neuter). 
 
 76. 
 
 8. N. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 X670S, 6, 
 
 WORD. 
 
 Xdyos, word 
 \6-yov, of a word 
 
 PARADIGMS. 
 
 6 d^aOos av6p(i)iros, 
 
 THE GOOD MAN. 
 
 6 A-yoOis dvflpwiros 
 Tov dfyaOov dvOpwirov 
 
 U-^i^.tooxforaword t« d^yaO^ dvep(iiri|> 
 Xd'yov, word rhv d-yaGiv dvepwirov 
 
 Xd-yi, O word &7a8« fivOpwirc 
 
 D. N. A.v. Xd-yw 
 o. D. X6"Y0iv 
 
 T« d-ya9« dv0p<iir» 
 Toiv d-yaOoiv dvOptSiroiv 
 
 p. N. 
 O. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 \6■io^.,^oords ol dvaOol fivepwiroi 
 
 X6-y«v,o/ words t«v d-yaOwv dvepciirwv 
 
 X6«yois,«o or/or words tois d^yoeols dveptiwois 
 
 Xd-yovs, words Tois d-yaeoi^ dvep(iirows 
 X6701, words A^ttflo^ dvep«iroi 
 
 a. For the accent, see 21 (final 01 is short, 23), 
 forms 6, ol are proclitic (26). 
 
 h. Observe the cases that are alike (30). 
 
 T& KoX&v 8»pov, 
 
 THE FINE GIFT. 
 
 rh KoXov Supov 
 
 TOV KoXoV 8<&pOV 
 
 TW KoXip 8(&p((> 
 
 TO KoXiv SupOV 
 
 KoX&v Supov 
 
 TM KaXu 8(&pA> 
 Toiv KoXoiv 8(opoiv 
 
 Td KoXd Supa 
 T«V KaXwv 8*ip«v 
 Tois KaXot$ 8(&poi$ 
 Td KoXd 8upa 
 KoXd 8upa 
 
 22, 24, 35, 36. The 
 
0-DECLENSION. 
 
 19 
 
 le, rarely 
 
 \.bv 8»pov, 
 
 riNB GIFT. 
 
 iXov Swpov 
 i\ov 8<&pov 
 xKff S&ptf 
 aXhv Supov 
 txKbv Supov 
 
 a,\w 8(&pa> 
 aXoiv 8(&poiv 
 
 aXd 8upa 
 aXuv 8(&puv 
 a\ot$ 8(&poi$ 
 oXd 8upa 
 aXd 8upa 
 
 ), 36. The 
 
 i 
 
 77. The masculine and neuter of the adjectives thus far 
 given follow the O-Declension, the feminine the A-Declension. 
 The nominative singular, therefore, ends in os, t^ or a, ov 
 (Latin us, a, urn), as follows ; 
 
 dYa06s, dvaevi, d^aGdv, good. ^aKpds, F^aKp*, ^aKpiv, long. 
 
 •EWTjviKds, 'EWriviK^, 'EXXTjviKdv, GreeA-. ^iKp6s, tilKpii, ^liKpdv, Zi«/e. 
 
 KaKos, KaK^, KaK6v, bad, cowardly. o-T*vds, o-rcvVj, <rT«v6v, narrow. 
 
 Ka\6s, KaX^, KaX6v, beautiful. <|,op.p6s, <|,op«piS, «j»op«p6v, /n^;i</Mi. 
 
 78. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 fiv9p(Diros, ou, 6, ^, man, human being, 
 
 Lat. Aomy, 
 I'lriros, 01/, 6, Aorse. No. 23. 
 Xd-yos, ov, 6, word, speech. 
 irdX(|ios, ov, 6, loar. 
 <rvp.}Aaxos, ov, 6, ally. 
 
 8c3pov, 01/, t6, gift. 
 irtSiov, ov, t6, plain. 
 \apLov, ov, t6 {cf. x^pa), Small place, 
 place, spot. 
 
 Kttl . . . Ka(, both . . . and. 
 
 a. The article placed after the noun indicates its gender, 6 the mas- 
 cuhne, ij the feminine, to the neuter. 
 
 ^ 79. 1. Swpa inefirre rf, crrparia; 2. eV t$ x^P^^ VO^au 
 OLKtaL. 3. 6 7r6Xefxos cf>o/3eph, ^v. 4. eU rh nehiov Letinev 
 ai^OpcoiTovs. 5. T0V9 Ttt^ov? dyofxev iK rod x<opCov. 6. eV 
 T(? TreStV Vo-ap Kal Ittttol Kal avOpcoTroi. 7. hS>pa Tr^tTro- 
 ixev Tols (TvixixdxoL^. 8. o^ cT^iJLixaxoi iv iroXe'ficp KaKol 
 iqcrav. ^ 9^ ol rwv avfxfxdxcov \6yoL KaXol ^aav. ' 10. eV 
 rw TreSto) i^crat' ot tS)v avOpoiTraiv Ittttol. 
 
 80. 1. The allies had horses. 2. I led the horse into the 
 village. 3. The place was narrow. 4. The man was a cownrd 
 {t.e. cowardly) in war. 5. He sent horses to the allies. 
 
 I 
 
20 
 
 0-DECLENSION, 
 
 LESSON IX. 
 
 0-Declension (continued). 
 
 The 
 
 81. Learn the declension of the definite article in 758. 
 vocative does not occur. Greek, like Latin, has no indefinite 
 article. 
 
 82. 
 
 ; ■ 
 
 
 oivos, O, 
 
 
 WINE. 
 
 9. N. 
 
 olvos 
 
 O. 
 
 OlbVOV 
 
 D. 
 
 oVvo) 
 
 A. 
 
 olvov 
 
 V. 
 
 olvc 
 
 D. N. A.V. 
 
 oKvca 
 
 0. V. 
 
 ol^voiv 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 otvoi 
 
 O. 
 
 otvuv 
 
 D. 
 
 ol'vois 
 
 A. 
 
 ollvovs 
 
 PARADIGMS. 
 
 Tj CTcvt] o86s, 
 
 UK NAUKOW 
 
 UOAD. 
 
 T| <rT€VTl 
 
 686s 
 
 TfjS (TTCvfjS 
 
 68o0 
 
 Tfi <rT€V^ 
 
 68u 
 
 TTJV 0"T€VTJV 
 
 686v 
 
 <rT«vi] 
 
 68^ 
 
 T« 0-T€VO 
 
 68<& 
 
 Toiv <rT€vaiv 
 
 68oiv 
 
 ol <rT€val 
 
 68o( 
 
 TWV O-TCVWV 
 
 68wv 
 
 rats o-TCvais 
 
 68ois 
 
 TCis (TTcvas 
 
 oSovs 
 
 irXoiOv fiiaKptSv, 
 
 A LONd IJOAT. 
 
 irXoiov |iaKp6v 
 irXoCov iiaKpov 
 irXoCip iiaKpi^ 
 irXoiov |iaKp6v 
 irXolOv |jiaKp6v 
 
 irXoCo) |iaKp<& 
 irXoCoiv {laKpoiv 
 
 irXoia (laKpd 
 
 irXo((i>v |iaKpuv 
 
 irXoCois [laKpois 
 
 irXoia liaKpd 
 
 a. Adjectives agree with their nouns not only in case and number but 
 also in gender. See the Rule of Syntax in 805. The adjective, there- 
 fore, may be of the A-Declension while the noun is of the 0-Declension, 
 as in ly arrevrj oSos above. 
 
 b. A postpositive v^^ord is one which is never placed first in its sentence, 
 but generally second. 
 
0-DECLENSION. 
 
 21 
 
 '58. The 
 indefinite 
 
 |iiaKp6v, 
 
 (i IJOAT. 
 
 ' |iaKp6v 
 ) jiaKpov 
 [laKpc^ 
 / |iaKp6v 
 V (laKpdv 
 
 I |iaKp(& 
 IV |jiaKpoiv 
 
 . (laKpd 
 IV [jiaKpuv 
 IS p.aKpois 
 . |JiaKpd 
 
 lumber but 
 3tive, there- 
 Declension, 
 
 ts sentence, 
 
 83. 
 
 Kvpos, ou, 6, Cyrus. 
 68ds, oD, 17, roa(Z, way. 
 olvos, ou, 6, wine. 
 iroTa)i<Ss, oO, 6, riuer. 
 <rTponiY<is, oO, 6, general. 
 4>av{p6s, 4, 6v, adj., t« pfain 
 siy/i<, visible, evident. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 6t|p(ov, 01^, t6, wild beast. 
 
 J5irXov, ou, t6, implement, plur. arwis. No. 19. 
 
 irXoiov, ov, t6, 6oa<. No. 7. 
 
 t6{ov, oy, t6, bow. No. 14. 
 
 6, Tj, t6, tlie (lef. art., ^Ae. 
 
 w, interj. with voc, O. 
 
 U, conj., 6u<, and (a postpositive). 
 
 ^ 84. 1. orrevr) 7jv r) 6809. 2. eV tw TreStw ^i/^ 0r)pCa. 
 ". TO, TrXota /xa/cpa 171^.^ 4. eVt tw iroTafK^ rjv 6 a-Tparrjyos. 
 5. rdfa Se, c3 Ku/)e, ov/c ixofieu. 6. 686? (jiavepa dyet cts 
 ra§ Toi) Ku/)ov Kw/xcts. 7. et? to 7re8toi^ 6 (TTpaTrjyo^ eVe/XTrc 
 row? iTTTTov?. 8. rw o-TpaTTjy^ ohov KC/do? eTre^Tre. 9. 17 
 6S09, w Kvpe, ayet et? 7re8io^ /caXoV. 10. 'Jyoj/ ol Ittttoi 
 Kai Toifq (TTpaTT^yovq koX tol onXa. 
 
 85. 1. Cyrus sent gifts to the generals. 2. He led the 
 horse into the river. 3. The general had ships of war.2 
 4. We are sending the wine to Cyrus. 6. The generals sent 
 horses to Cyrus. 
 
 Notes. — 1 A neuter plural subject in Greek regularly has its verb in 
 the singular. See the Rule of Syntax in 802. — 2 ,rAoTa ,iaKp<l Cf. Latin 
 naues longae. 
 
 No. 7. Bronze Boat used as a Lamp. 
 
22 FUTURE ANJJ FlliU T A OlUti T INJJl CA TI VF A C TI VE. 
 
 \ 
 
 I! 
 
 ■ i I 
 
 »: 
 
 LESSON X. 
 Future and First Aorist Indicative Active. 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 8. 
 
 PARADIGMS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 KUTLfRE. 
 
 KIUST AOHIsr. 
 
 FUTURK. 
 
 FIRST AORIST 
 
 s. 
 
 1. 
 
 X?{(rw, T shall loofe 
 
 ifXO<ra, I loosed 
 
 ni\i.}^w 
 
 (ir€)Atj/a 
 
 
 2. 
 
 Xvo-iis, i/ou will loose 
 
 (XCo-as, you loosed 
 
 ir^fii\{/«is 
 
 circft^as 
 
 
 3. 
 
 \'6<rti, he will loose 
 
 fXOo-c, he loosed 
 
 ir^fi\)/€i 
 
 circ(it|/c 
 
 I). 
 
 2. 
 
 Xtf<r€Tov 
 
 iK^a-arov 
 
 Tr^fJllj/CTOV 
 
 M\i.^arov 
 
 
 3. 
 
 \'!J<r«Tov 
 
 iXCo-dnjv 
 
 iriykr^trov 
 
 Jirc(ii{/dTT|v 
 
 p. 1. X\J<ron«v, toe shall loose ^Xtf<ra|ji€v, we loosed ir<fjnj/o|jicv i-ni\i.^a\uv 
 
 2. Xw(r€T«, yow will loose iX^a-art, you loosed W|jn|/tT€ ^irc/Avj/aTc 
 
 3. Xwo-ovo-i, <:Aey ivill loose cXvorav, ^Aey /oose'i ircn^/ouo-i «7refi\|>ov 
 
 • 
 
 87. The aorist indicative expresses the simple occurrence 
 of an action in past time; the imperfect (68) expresses its 
 continuance. 
 
 88. The future adds <r« to the verb stem (54), the first 
 aorist adds <ra. The aorist, as a secondary tense, has augment 
 (66, 67). 
 
 89. If the verb stem ends in a vowel, the stem may not be 
 afTected by the addition of cro) and o-a, as Xu-w, \v-<t(o, eXv-aa ; 
 /BovXev-Q), ^ovXev-aco, i^ovXev-aa. 
 
 90. If the verb stem ends in a mute (7), euphonic changes 
 occur : 
 
IVK 
 
 ilST AOIIIST. 
 
 ^ir^)it|/aTov 
 
 lir^|ii{/a)jicv 
 
 ^irc'fi,\|/aT{ 
 
 iTr(fi\{rav 
 
 ocurrence 
 
 'esses its 
 
 the first 
 augment 
 
 y not be 
 eXv-aa ; 
 
 changes 
 
 FUTURE A ND FTTiS T A Oli IS T INDICA TIVK AC TIVE. 28 
 
 1. A TT-mute (IT p 4)) unites witli or aiul forms \|; (0), as 7re>7r-a), 
 
 Tre^yjrQ) (7re/i7r-o-(w), eTrefiyjra (eVe/uTr-cra). 
 
 2. A Af-nuite (k 7 x) '»"ites with or and forms | (!)), as Bkok-o), 
 
 puntie, Buo^(o {SicoK-aw), iBiw^a (eSitoK-a-a), 
 
 3. A T-nuite (T 8 9) l)ef()ro <r is (h-opped, as dpTrd^co (verb stem 
 
 dp-nah), dpirdaw {dp-rrah-ao)), tjpTraaa (r/pTraB-aa). 
 
 91. Some verbs Lu'k the first aorist. Sucli verbs often have 
 a SecOxND aorist, which ends in ov, and is cionjugated exactly 
 like tlic imperfect (00), as dyco, d^co, svvoud aorist Tjyayov, 
 I led, riyaye^i, you led, .'jyaye, he led. etc., ^x^, k'^o), second 
 aorist eaxov, J had, eo-^e?, i/oii had, eax€, he had, etc. 
 
 a. The breathing of the future €$o) is irregular. 
 
 92. The present infinitive active ends in civ, as X^€ip, to 
 
 loose, 7r€fjL7r€iv, to send, etc. 
 
 i)ii. Compound verbs consist of a preposition and a simple 
 verb. If tlie preposition ends in a vowel and the simple verb 
 begins witli one, the vowel of the preposition is generally 
 elided (10). Compound verbs take the augment between the 
 preposition and the simple verb. If two vowels are thus 
 brought together, the first is generally elided, as eTn-^ovXevco, 
 plot agaiuHt, imperfect CTr-e/SovXevov. 
 
 94. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 aepo£S« (verb stem ddpoid), depo£o-w, 
 
 TJOpoio-a, collect. 
 SiwKw, 8i(6|w, ^8£o)|a, pursue. 
 eiri-PovXtuw, tiri.povXtvtrw, iir-ifioi\(v- 
 
 o-a, plot against. 
 K(\(v<a, KcXcvo-u, cK^Xcvo-a, command. 
 
 d8c\(|>6s, ov, 6, brother. 
 PdpPapos, ou, 6, barbarian. No. 57. 
 )ti(r06s, oO, 6, pay. 
 
 iroX^fiios, a, ou {cf. Tr6\e/j.os), hostile; 
 as noun, oi voXi/xioi, the enemy. 
 
 TdTf, adv., then, at that time. 
 
i£'-'.:JSmS 
 
 »; 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 24 
 
 FUTURE AND FIRST AORIST INDICATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 96. 1. e^ovcTL. 2. TjOpoKTav. 3. Tre/ii/zeTe. 4. cKcXeu- 
 cra?. 5. eVt^ovXeucro/xe^'. 6. eStw^are. 7. r^yayoyiev. 
 8. afere. 9. eicr^^es. 10. rjpirdarafjLev. 
 
 96. 1. I shall pursue. 2. We shall have. 3. We com- 
 manded. 4. He will collect. 5. They led (second aorist). 
 
 97. 1. ov StGjfoj Toix; 7ro\e/>ttov9. 2. to, Soipa i^ofxev ,' 
 3. ra? aKiqva^ dpTrdaovaiv ol /SdpfiapoL. 4. /ceXeucret toi/ 
 (TTpaTrjyov tov<; dp6p(0TT0v<s \v€lv. 5. rovs (Tvixfxd^ov<i 
 Tjyayev etg {among) tovs fiapfidpov;- 6. Kupos imPovXevo-eL 
 rw d8eX<jf»ft>.^ 7. Tots dv9 p(tiTTOi<; Tore €7re/ii//€ Kv/)09 fiicrdov. 
 
 8. 6 8e (TTpaTr)yo<s tyjv (JyvXaKrjv eo"^e t'j)?^' *E\X')7^'tK:l7^'.^ 
 
 9. €15 TO TreSiov dOpoicrei tov^ (his) 'FjX\r)i'LKOv<; crvpLiid^ov^. 
 
 10. KoX iiri TTjv y4(f)vpav top aTpaTr)'^ou irefjiTreLv e/ceXeixre 
 Kvpos (j^vXaKijv. 
 
 98. 1. The barbarians sent the , man. 2. The generals 
 brought (second aorist) horses at that time. 3. Will Cyrus 
 send good wine to the general ? 4. He will not plot against 
 the allies. 5. He will command the general to pursue the 
 enemy. 
 
 Notes. — ^ The dative follows the compound verb. See the Rule in 
 865. Note also that the article is here used, as often, instead of the pos- 
 sessive pronoun, his brother . — ^ We might have rr^v 'EW^^vik^i/ <f>v\aKrjv 
 or <jiv\aKr]v rrfv 'EWrjVLKi^v. See the Kule in 812. 
 
VE. 
 
 MASCULINES OF THE A-UECLENSION, 
 
 25 
 
 ydyofxev. 
 
 We com- 
 
 )rist). 
 
 e^ofxev ; 
 ivcrei Tov 
 (Xfidxovq 
 buXeucret 
 
 fiLcrOov. 
 
 Lfid)(ovf;. 
 eKeXeixre 
 
 generals 
 11 Cyrus 
 t against 
 irsue the 
 
 le Rule in 
 )f the pos- 
 
 4 
 
 LESSON XL 
 
 A-Decleusion — Masculines. 
 
 99. Masculines of the A-Declension end in as or r\s (37). 
 If €, I, or p precedes they end in as, otherwise in r^s. 
 
 100. Learn the declension of vcavias, ^ou7ii/ man, arparKa- 
 TTis, soldier, ircXTao-Tiis, targeteer, and Ilepcnis, Persian, in 740. 
 
 101. Masculines in as or i^s differ from feminines in a or i^ 
 (38, 44) only in the nominative and genitive singular, except 
 that those in ti^s and names signifying nationality with nomi- 
 native in T]s have the vocative singular in a (short). 
 
 102. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Ew4)poTt]s, ov, 6, the Euphrate3. 
 
 vcav(as, ov, 6, young man. 
 
 6tT\tTt\s, OV, 6 (cf. SirXov), heavy-armed foot soldier, 
 
 hoplite. No. 8. 
 ircXrao-Ti^s, ov, 6, targeteer (named from his shield, 
 
 ttAtt;). No. 10. 
 n^po-tjs, ov, 6, a Persian. No. 11. 
 o-TpariwTTjs, ov {cf. (TTparii), 6, soldier. 
 to|6tt]s, ov, 6, bowman (named from his bow, 
 
 t6^ov). No. 13. 
 
 8«|i6s, d, 6p, right (as opposed to left), 
 
 TpiaK(S(rioi, ai, a, 300. 
 
 o{It€ . . . oiJT€, adv. , neither . . . nor. 
 
 o-vv, prep, with dat., with, in company with, Lat. cum. 
 
 No. 8. 
 Greek Warrior. 
 
26 PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 103. 1. (TTpaTi(OTd<; KOL LTTTTOV^ dOpoLorct) TO) ^ Kvpco. 
 2. 6 oe pedpid^ toI<; a-Tpariayrai^ ine^ovkeve. 3. inl top 
 l^v<^paTy)v TTOTafjLov afa tov^; crrpartwrd?. 4. /cat tov§ (7ui> 
 TO) crTpaTTjyoj oTrXtrd? rjyayov et? K^iidq. 5. 701^ Wipciqv 
 7)yay€v et? 7171^ 7oi) aTpaTicoTov arKrjvyjp, 6. 06 (TrpaTLwraL 
 iv (jivXaKYJ e^ov^L tov<; Ilepcrd?. 7. 70j/ EvcftpaTiqp noTafjLOP 
 ei^ oegta e^et. o. o oe crrpaTrjyo^ ovre roqoTrjv et^ez^ ov7e 
 TrekTacTTrjv. 9. (rui^ 7019 (Az's) 7reXTacr7at? i^LcoKe 701;? 
 To^6Td<^. 10. 6 8e aTpaTrjyo^; TpidKocrLOv^ 677X17019 /cat 
 7re\7acr7a9 fX^*" 
 
 104. 1. The general was not leading the hoplites. 2. Both 
 the targeteers and the bowmen were brave. 3. The young 
 man was in the village. 4. They sent hoplites and targeteers. 
 5. He will send beautiful gifts to the Persians. 
 
 XoTEs. — 1 Proper names may take the article. — '^ iv Se^ia, on his 
 right (handy 
 
 LESSON XII. 
 
 Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Active. 
 
 105. The perfect and pluperfect, in all the moods, have a ^* 
 
 Reduplication, which is the mark of completed action. j 
 
 10(5. Verbs beginning with a single consonant (except p) ; 
 
 are reduplicated in the perfect by preiixing that consonant ' 
 
 followed by €, as Xvco, \e-Xvica. A rough mute (7) is changed | 
 to the cognate (8) smooth, as ^uw, sacrifice., re-dvKa. 
 
'IV E. 
 
 I ^ Kvpoi. 
 . eVt Tov 
 Tovq avv 
 '^ Yiipcnqv 
 rpaTLCoraL 
 
 TTOTafJiOV 
 
 IX^^ ovre 
 ji)K€ Tov<; 
 Ltrct? /cat 
 
 2. Both 
 lie young 
 argeteers. 
 
 fta, on his 
 
 is, have a / 
 
 111. j 
 
 except p) ; 
 
 consonant ,' 
 
 ; changed j 
 
 PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICA FIVE ACTIVE. 27 
 
 107. In verbs beginning with two consonants (except a 
 mute and a hquid), with a double consonant (| i|; J), or with 
 the reduplication is represented by a simple €, as arparevc^ 
 I make mi expedition, iarpdrevKa. 
 
 108 In verbs beginning with a short vowel or diphthoncj 
 tlie reduplication has the form of the temporal augment (67, 2) 
 as apnaim, rjpTraKU. 
 
 10» Wlien the reduplicated perfect begins with a conso- 
 nant, the pluperfect prefixes the syllabic augment e to the 
 re.luphcation. as X.'Xv.a, iX,XC.^. ]„ other cases the pluper- 
 lect generaly keeps the reduplication of the perfect without 
 cliange, as rjpwaKa, ^pttokj;- 
 
 1 
 
 110. 
 
 PARADIGMS. 
 
 FIRST 
 l'KKFf:CT. 
 
 FIRST 
 PLUPERFKCT. 
 
 FIRST FIRST 
 
 PKRFKCT. I'LirPERFECT. 
 
 
 I). 2. XcXvKarov 
 ti. XcXvKarov 
 
 tXeXvKeTov 
 
 eX€XvK€TT]V 
 
 lipirdKOTOV TJpTrdKtTOV 
 
 ripirdKarov TJpTraKcVtjv 
 
 3. X.Wa,t, Me;, Sa». a.XWav, tte,, tei ^p^^^j^ T ' 
 
 loosed / , TjpiroKao-i TjpiraK«rov 
 
 111. The first perfect adds Ka, the first pluperfect k,,, to 
 the reduplicated theme. ' 
 
28 PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 4 
 
 t| 
 
 112. In vowel verbs the stem may not be affected by adding 
 Ka and kt^, as ^ovXevo), ^e^ovXev-Ka^ i^e^ovXev-Kt]., KeXevo), 
 KetceXev-Ka^ iK€K€Xev-Krj. 
 
 a. ex<t) has the irregular forms ta^rjKa, ia)(^Kr}. 
 
 113. Verbs whose stem ends in a x-mute (t 8 6) drop 
 the mute before Ka and kt], as adpoi^co (adpoiS), rjdpoc-Ka^ 
 rj6poi-Kr}. 
 
 114. Some verbs whose stem ends in a ir-mute (ir p <|)) 
 or a K-mute (k y \) add a and ti\ instead of Ka and ki^, and 
 aspirate the final letter of the stem, changing ir and p to <|), 
 and K and y to x.^ as 
 
 7re/i,7rft), ireTrofx^a (with change of e of the stem to o), 
 
 dyo), 7)X-a, rJX'V' 
 
 115. The perfects and pluperfects just described (114) are 
 called Second perfects and pluperfects. 
 
 116. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 J 
 
 8i-apirdt(i>, 8t,-apird(rti), Si-'/jpirao-a, 8i- 
 
 VjpiraKa, plunder completely, sack. 
 6va), 6var(i), c6vo-a, t^Ovku, sacrifice. 
 
 No. 9. 
 o-TparcvM, <rTpaT€v<ra), co-rpdrcvcra, 
 
 ^orrpdrtvKa (c/. (XTparid, crTpaTtcin;?), 
 
 make an exj^edition. 
 
 SSpsiKds, oO, 6, dark (a gold coin). 
 
 No. 22. 
 0c«Ss, oO, 6, 7], god, goddess. 
 
 KX^apxos, ov, 6, Clearchus. 
 
 SpKos, ov, 6, oath. 
 
 cj)6Pos, ov {cf. (po^epbi), o, fear. 
 
 •ydp, conj., for (a postpositive). 
 
 8id, prep.: with gGn.,through; with ace, 
 
 on account of. 
 Tfpds, prep,: with gen., over against; 
 
 with dat., at ; with ace, to, against^ 
 
 towards. 
 
^IVE. 
 
 by adding 
 
 8 6) drop 
 , rjdpoL-Ka^ 
 
 te (tt P <|)) 
 d Ki^, and 
 id p to <|), 
 
 tern to o), 
 
 i (114) are 
 
 fear. 
 
 itive). 
 
 gh; with ace, 
 
 OtJcr aydinst ,' 
 
 :., to, against, 
 
 PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 29 
 
 117. 1. io-xVKare. 2. c'XeX^Vet. 8. eVryoareu/cdcr/.. 
 4. re^uKe. 5. eo-X7?/C7;. 0. ^pnaKafieu. 7. SirjpTrdKecrap. 
 j 8. neirofi^a,. 9. eVe/ceXeuVeo-a./. ]0. eVtySe^ouXevKaVt. 
 
 ; 118. 1. Wo have had. 2. T had commanded. 3. They 
 liad pursued. 4. You liave sent. 5. He lias plotted against. 
 
 11 J). 1. T0U9 TToXefiLov^ SeSicoxafxev Bl^ tS^v Kcofi^j, el<; 
 r^v edXarrav. 2. Kal ra^ a>afa9 o£ ^a>;ga/)ot hir^p^dKe- 
 (Tav. 8. r/)ta/coo-t'oi;5 Sapet/coi)? eVe7ro>(/>e/xei. rol? OTrXtVat?. 
 4. K\ea/,xo9 8^ ine^e/BovXevKei toIs Hepcrat?. 5. o^ arpa- 
 TL^raL rhv dvOpcoTrou ^x^aav irpo^ Kvpov. 6. oijK iKEKe^ 
 \€VK€L 6 KX^apxo^ ro»^9 aTparicord^; Oteiv. 7. eVt r7)i. r^^ 
 iTo\ep.icov x<^pdp icrrparevKare. 8. XeXvVacrt ro^? (^A.^V) 
 OP/.OV9 ol crr/,aTT;yot . ot^ ydp redvKdcTL roh SeoU. 
 ^•-ndpoLKa^, CO Kv/)€, eVl 70^9 ^ap^dpov, roh, neXracrrd, 
 Ka. Tov, roS6Td,. 10. ol 8^ crrpar.ciirat rd, df^d^d, 
 eXeXvK€CTai^ Scd rhv (their) j^v iroUp^io^v ^6fiov. 
 
 120. 1. We have broken our oaths. 2. The soldiers had 
 sacrihced to the gods. 3. Have the peltasts sacked the villages ^ 
 4.1 he soldier has plotted against Cyrus. 5. His brother had 
 ordered Cyrus to send gifts. 
 
 0!ML 
 
 No. 9. Sacrifice. 
 
nwmil ii 
 
 ^^..W....»,:,-..j-fp,,.....««.»^ 
 
 30 
 
 THE ART OF HEADING. 
 
 LESSON XIII. 
 
 K 1 
 
 The Art rf '^ ■<\(\mg, 
 
 121. In reading an inflected language, such as Greek, the 
 knowledge of three things is absolutely necessary: flrst, of 
 'Words; secondly, of fonns ; thirdly, of eonsfrncfions. 
 
 122. The acquisition of this knowledge is gradual. The pupil should 
 commit thoroughly to memory the meaning of each new word as it occurs ; 
 he should learn ihe forma of the different cases, tenses, and numbers so 
 accurately, the first time the paradigms occur, as to be able instantly to 
 recognize these forms thereafter at sight ; and as he reads, he should care- 
 fully note the laws of construction, especially those which differ from the 
 corresponding constructions in Latin and English. 
 
 123. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR READING. 
 
 1. Read each sentence aloud in the original. Pronounce each 
 word distinctly. 
 
 In reading^ 
 
 a. Obserre sharply the forma of the words, so as to become at once aware 
 of their (jrammatical relations. 
 
 b. Make the utmost effort of memory to recall the meanings of loords already 
 met. 
 
 c. Follow the Greek order strictly in arriving at the thought. Observe care- 
 fully the order of the words and the 7na7'h of punctuation. 
 
 2. If the thought expressed in the sentence is not perfectly 
 clear, repeat the ivhole process. 
 
 3. Translate the sentence into simple., idiomatic English. 
 
inrT" 
 
 Greek, the 
 
 y: first, of 
 
 inipil should 
 as it occurs ; 
 I numbers so 
 3 instantly to 
 ^ should care- 
 ffer from the 
 
 lounce each 
 
 It once aware 
 ivords already 
 Observe care- 
 
 >t perfectly 
 
 glish. 
 
 124. 
 
 THE ART OF READING. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 81 
 
 apxn> ^y- ^7. ride, province, satrapy. 
 Aap€ios, ov, 6, Darius II. 
 8€iv6s, T], 6v, terrible, skilful. 
 l<rxUp<5s, d, 6v, strong ; xuplov laxvphu. 
 stronghold. 
 
 ncpo-iKds, -n, 6v {cf. n^pavs), Persian. 
 o-aTpdmis, ov, 6, satrap, viceroy. 
 vios, ov, 6, son. 
 
 ^rt, conjunctive adv., so as, so that, 
 
 wherefore. 
 
 125. 
 
 READING LESSON. 
 The Parentage, Race, and Power of Cyrus the Younger. 
 
 Kdpos, 6 rod Adpe^ov vl6,, Uepcrrj, ^v ,aXh, Kal dya- 
 ^o.. jrarpanrj. 8e avrh. i^olr^^,, 6 Adpelo, r^, Avsk 
 KUL r>?9 (D^vyta? /cat r^? KaTTTraSo/cm?. 
 
 X-P^a S^ l.^,pd elx^u eV rfj dp^y 6 Kvpo, Kal nXola 
 
 5 f^aKpa eu rrj 0aXarry, Kal crrpar.^ra. 8^ avr^ eV rii 
 
 X-pa ^crau dyaOol, hnXlra. 'EXXrj..Kol Kal .^Xracrral 
 
 Kat TO^OTai UepCTLKOL. 
 
 Xe^.o, ,,., rare S o.V. eWp^reue. .V airo. oire S.^pnaC. 
 
 vco, 8e ro„ A^p^^ov ■ .We i>6^o. el^e. 6 T.<.<.a^e>l 
 TTpoc: Kvpov. T r n 
 
 I oyiiiax m 804. — 0. «, avrtv : a case of e(«,„„ (16), 
 
mrmmm 
 
 shtm^rf- -:* 
 
 32 
 
 ADJECTIVES OF THE VOn'EL DECLENSION. 
 
 ^ m: 
 
 .. , ii! k- 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 i r 
 
 I 
 
 LESSON XIV. 
 
 Adjectives of the Vowel Declension. 
 
 12(>. liCiirii ilio (leclonsion of d^aOds, (/ood^ and of (l|ios, 
 
 worth//., ill 750. 
 
 127. The inasculiiic «iiul neuter of these adjectives follow 
 the 0-l)eelensioii, tlie feminine the A-Deelension. They are, 
 therefore, said to be of the Vowel Declension QU). 
 
 128. If €, I, or p precedes os, the nominative singular 
 feminine ends in a, otherwise in t] (37). 
 
 12J). The nominativo, genitive, and vocative plural feminine follow the 
 accent of the masculine, as a^iai (following the accent of a^tos, like a|toi), 
 not d^i'tti (from the nominative singular d^ta), and d^iwi/, not d^iaii/ as in 
 nouns of the A-Declension. 
 
 130. Some adjectives of the Vowel Declension have the 
 masculine and feminine alike, as (iTropos, diropos» (liropov, 
 
 impassable., impracticable. • 
 
 131. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 aYpios, o, ov, wild. 
 
 agios, d, ov, worthy^ hecoining, right. 
 
 airopos, ov, xoithont resources,' imjmss- 
 
 able, impracticable. 
 'ApTog^plns, ov, 6, Artaxerxes IT. 
 sTnT^Seios, a, ov, suitable, fit, deserving; 
 
 rd iviTT^deia, provisions, supplies. 
 
 6voSf ov, 6, ass. 
 
 dtpOios, a, ov, steep. 
 
 ira£w, iraCo-w, ciraicra, ir^traiKa, strike, 
 
 hit, beat. 
 irdvw, adv., very, altogether, wholly. 
 irio-Tos, tJ, 6v, faithful, trustworthy. 
 4>(Xios, d, ov, friendly. 
 
N. 
 
 ADJECTIVES OF TIIK VOW EI. Dh'CLKNSlOIV. 
 
 33 
 
 d of (l|ios, 
 
 ives follow 
 'I'hey are, 
 
 ve singular 
 
 ine follow the 
 J, like a^toi), 
 ) diidv as in 
 
 I have the 
 St (iiropov, 
 
 (iraiKa, strike, 
 
 ler, wholly, 
 ustworthy. 
 
 l.'J2. 1. ovoL dypioi KoX Irnroi iv r^ ttcSiw ^aav. 2. h 
 
 opdid, 4. e?o/xei. Se, c3 Kv/ae, ra cmrTySeta; 5. 6 'Apra- 
 
 6 o-ar/jaTTT;? roi;? a-r/^arto^Td?. 7. r^z. TTo\ep.idv x<^pdp 
 ^dpelo, ScrfpTTdKeL. S. c;Jo-t€ rai 'Apra^ep^y nduv noXefjLLos 
 y^, Kvpco S€ 7rta-ro9. 1). ou/c d^Lou ^v {it was not rtf/ht) rai 
 oTrXtrrj iraUiv rov^ lUpa-LKop ToS6rrjp: 10. ol UepcraL ovre 
 (j)i\ioL ovT€ TTLCTTol yaav. 
 
 Uiii. 1. The road was iinpassa1)I(;. 2. Cyrus did not send 
 provisions to the garrison. ;i They will lead the men to 
 stronoliohls. 4. Tlie lioplites were good and faithful sohliers. 
 e). It was right for (Jyrus to send gifts to his soldiers. 
 
 1«54. Artaxerxes becomes King and arrests .Cyrus. 
 
 Kvpo^ odp aarpdiry^ ^v rijs AdStd^ Kal r^9 ^PpvyCd^ 
 Kal rijs KainraSoKUs. inel S^ eVeXeuVr^o-e Adpelog, *Ap- 
 ra^epirj^ 6 tov Kipov dSeXc^o? i/^acrtXevo-e r^u Uepcr^Ju, 
 Kal TLcro-a^e'ppr)^ ScafidWeL rhv Kvpov wpo^ rhv dhe\- 
 5 <i.hv cJ^ in^PovXevu avr^. 6 8' 'Aprafepf^, crvXXaaBduec 
 Kvpov. 
 
 NoTKs — 1. o5v: (/,«,, continuiiis the natrativo. — 2. imt • when ~ 
 
 ncepfve force as ^a,.A..-„,,. ,!,,,, ,;J„.a,„,„, ,_,„„ ,;„„.^™" 
 
 >.csc„t. 1,0 t|,„ ,„ea„ms; of all word, not siven i„ tho previous voeal.u 
 ar,es see the general vocabulary,.-.,. ^.. „,„,. For\;, ZZH^ 
 
zi.mA-'fM-JSK:-'-' 
 
 84 
 
 ANALYSIS OF PlilMAltY TENSES OF INDICATIVE. 
 
 i'\' 
 
 LESSON XV. 
 
 Analysis of the Primary Tenses of the Indicative Active. 
 
 135. To the verb stem {'A) different Tense Suffixes are 
 added to form the Tense Stems of the verb, as Xvw, stem XU, 
 present tense suflix o or € (for convenience written %)» present 
 tense stem XUo or XU€ (Xv%). 
 
 136. To form the complete tenses, Personal Endings 
 are added to the different tense stems. These distinguish tlie 
 different persons of the verb. The personal endings of the 
 pHmary (50) tenses in the active voice are : 
 
 
 SINGULAH. 
 
 DUAL. 
 
 I'LURAL. 
 
 1 
 
 -|W 
 
 
 -|MV 
 
 2 
 
 •c{<n) 
 
 -TOV 
 
 -T€ 
 
 3 
 
 -<ri(Tt) 
 
 -TOV 
 
 -v<ri 
 
 137. Review the conjugation of the present, future, and 
 first perfect indicative active of \v(o in 765 (Xucd), 706 (Xucrco), 
 and 768 (XcXvKa). 
 
 138. The present stem of Xvna is Au°/e (135); \vo occurs before n or v 
 in the endings, elsewhere Ave. In the singular, the terminations o), cis, ci, 
 are difficult to analyze, but in the dual and plural, the tense stem and 
 personal endings are easily distinguished. Xvova-i is for Xvo-vcri. 
 
 139. The future stem of Avw is Au(T°/g, formed by adding the tense 
 suffix 0-0 or <r€ ((r°/e) to the verb stem. 
 
 140. The first perfect stem of Xita is Ac-Ar/ca, formed by reduplicating 
 the verb-stem Xv and adding the tense suffix Ka. The endings fxt and trt 
 are dropped, and in the third singular final a is changed to c. AeAuKacri 
 is for AcAu/ca-i/cri. 
 
ATIVE. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY TENSES OF INDICATIVE. 36 
 
 141. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ive Active. 
 
 Suffixes are 
 Vf ft), stem XU, 
 [1 Ve)' pi'esent 
 
 AL Endings 
 stiiiguisli the 
 idiiigs of the 
 
 AL. 
 
 V 
 
 , future, and 
 ), 706 (Xuo-o)), 
 
 LI'S before |i or v 
 itioiis (0, et9, €1, 
 tense stem and 
 ivo-vai. 
 
 Iding the tense 
 
 >y reduplicating 
 dings [XL and tri 
 bo c. AcAuKacri 
 
 a^YcXos, ov, 6, messenger, scout. 
 &vtI, prep, with gen., instead of. 
 dird, prep, with gen,, off from, from. 
 drifjid^w (drt/naS), dTi|id(rw, TJTtfxaa'a, 
 
 iirfftttKa, dishonor, disgrace. 
 8£kt], r}s, i), justice, punishment. 
 iird, conj., when, since. 
 iirio-ToX^, ^s, 7}, letter. 
 
 Otjpcvo), 9r]p(vtru, i9i\ptwa, Tcd^jpcvKa 
 
 {cf. O'npLov), hunt wild beasts, hurd, 
 
 catch. No. 46. 
 ^XcOpos, ov, 6, destruction, loss. 
 oiirws (before a vowel), ovtw (before a 
 
 consonant), adv., thus, so. 
 irdXiv, adv., back, again. 
 4>£Xos, 01^, 6 {cf. (plXios), friend. 
 
 142. 1. 67r\tVd9 rixa.(nv avrl to^otcov. 2. rot? cru/Lt- 
 /xaxot? ourw9 imfiovXeveTe. 3. Kupoi^ Se ijrt/xa/ce. 4. ^T^pta 
 aTTO iTTTTov (o/i horseback) TeOrjpevKa. 5. ra? emcrroXas 
 Treixxjjo^ev to2^ c^iXot?; 6. KX€a/oxo9, w o-TpaTL^Tai, eVet 
 T0V5 o/)/cou5 XeXv/ce, ti7i^ SiVt^i/ exet. 7. r^i/ 8e x^P°^^ 
 •qpnaKafiev Sua top okeOpop tcov arpaTLcoTCJu. 8. top 
 ayyeXov Tre/xTret ttciXlv inl to laxvpov X(^p^ov. 
 
 143. 1. We shall collect allies for our friends. 2. He 
 has hunted wild beasts on horseback. 3. The messenger 
 will sacrifice to the gods. 4. I have commanded the soldiers 
 to plunder the wagons. 5. Cyrus sends the general a letter. 
 
 144. Cyrus escapes with his Life, and plots against his Brother. 
 ovTco 8r] (then) yTlfxa^e top dSe^op " XpTa^ip^y)^. oj hk 
 
 lxyJT7]p (cf. Latin mater) Xuet Kvpop /cat aTTOTre/xTret irdXip 
 im Trjp apxTJp. Kdpo<; 8e eVet ^k€p et§ ttjp AvBtdp, 
 ^ov\ev€L OTTO)? /Jao-tXevVet (how he shall be king, to be king) 
 6 ai^TiTov dhek^ov' 7roK€fiLo<; yap airrai ^p. ol 8* cV Tij 
 ^PXV fi<^pficLpoL Kvpo) (ftiXioi KoX ma-Tol '^(rav. 
 
3G 
 
 ANALYSIS OF SEC ON DA It Y TENSES OF INDICATIVE. 
 
 \ i 
 
 LESSON XVI. 
 
 Analysis of the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative Active. 
 
 145. The personal endings of tlie secondary (oo) tenses in 
 the active voice are : 
 
 1 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 -V 
 
 DUAL. 
 
 I'LURAL. 
 -|MV 
 
 2 
 
 -t 
 
 -TOV 
 
 -Tl 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 -TT|V 
 
 -V or .<rai 
 
 146. Review tlie conjugation of tlie imperfect, first aorist, 
 and first pluperfect indicative active of \{j(o in 705 (€\uov) 
 707 (€'Xi)(ra), and 708 (cXcXvkii). 
 
 147. The imperfect is formed on the auo-mented preiient stem (138). 
 
 148. The first aorist stem of Avw is Auo-a, formed by adding tlie tense 
 suffix o-a to the verb stem. The aorist has aucrnient. In the first person 
 singular, v is dropped, and in the third a is changed to c. 
 
 149. The first pluperfect . is formed on the first perfect stem (140), 
 with Kc for Ku. In the singular v is dropped and kc appears as kt;, K-q, k€l. 
 
 150. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 aXos, a\T,, aXo, other, another; with <rirov8Vi, V^, V, libation; plur., truce. 
 the article, the other, the rest of. <rv|i-ir^,iff«, send with. 
 
 I .1 
 
 Ba<r\k6s, ov, 6, tax, tribute. 
 iKovos, T>, 6v, sufficient, able, capable. 
 Xoxa-yds, ov, 6, captain. 
 oZv, conj., therefore, then, so (a post- 
 positive). 
 
 Togevo), €T6^«v<ra {cf. t6^ou, To^drrji), use 
 
 one'^s bow, shoot. 
 <|>povpapxos, ov, 6, commander of a 
 
 garrison. 
 «S8€, adv., thus, as follows. 
 
 M 
 
a A Tl VE. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY TENSES OF INDICATIVE. 37 
 
 :ive Active. 
 >()) to uses in 
 
 XV 
 
 , first aorist, 
 705 (i'Xuov), 
 
 It stem (138). 
 
 iling tlie tense 
 ;ie first person 
 
 t stem (140), 
 
 as K7/, KTf, K£l. 
 
 plur,, truce. 
 V, to^6t7jj), use 
 imander of a 
 
 ir»l. I. Tov (fipovpapxov iire-rraiK^a-av. 2. Kvpo<; oZv t(^ 
 dBeXfjia) KaKop ' efiovXevev. 8. ol vedviai rofa /xa/cpa ^;)^e- 
 arav koI acfjeMvas dyaSa^. 4. koX 6 crTpaT-qyo^ icTTpd- 
 Tcvaei/ inl ttjp tov o-arpdiTov x^pdv. 5. a-vveTrefxTrofxev tcj 
 o-TpaTTjyo) dkXovq aTpaTimd<i dyadom. (». eVei iXvo-au ra? 
 o-TTo^Sa?, Ttt? Kw/xds SLapndcrofjLev. 7. ot Se /SdpjSapoL 
 iTo^evo-av diro tcju iLinrcjv. 8. toi^ Xoxdyop tSSe -^yoj/ tt/jo? 
 To:^ KXeapxop. 9. 6 yay3 *ApTa^€p$r)^ eVe/ceXeuVet roi/ 
 a-aTpdnyjv Sacr/Aou? wefXTreLv. 10. aTpaTickd^; iv tw Ictx^P^ 
 Xw/)ta> etxere lKavov<; ras /cw/xds hiapirdt^uv!^ 
 
 153. 1. I had collected hoiilites and bowmen as follows. 
 I 2. Tliey planned evil for the others. 3. The hoplites with 
 Cyrus were plundering the wagons. 4. Botli generals and 
 captains had sacrificed. 5. He bade the satrap send gifts. 
 
 Notes. — i KaKov, evil, neuter singular of Kaxo's used as a noun. — 
 ' Dependent on tKavovs, enough to plunder. 
 
 163. Cyrus begins to take Active Measures. 
 
 ^7171; Se (TTparidv ttjv 'EXXrjvLKrjp cSSe '^OpoL^e ■ tov^ 
 Twv (fivXaKwv (l)povpdpxov<; KeXeveu dOpoit^^iv o-TpaTLcords 
 UeXoTTovprjo-Lov's • ivoixi^e yap, W9 {as) iXeye, Tio-aa- 
 4>ipv'qv^ impovXei^eip rrj dpxrj. Kal ^ fxh aXX-q 'iwvid 
 5 t6t€ tw Kvpco (l>LXLd Kal TjicrTT) ^v, MiXr)To? Se TroXe/xta. 
 Kvpo<s oZv TTju MtXrjTop iroXiopKu Kal Kara {hy) y^p (land) 
 Kal Kara OdXarrap. 
 
 Notes 3. Tio-(ra<|>^pvTiv ^7riPov\tv«v : translate, that Tissaphernes was 
 
 plotting ayuinsi. — i. ^iv: see the general vocabulary. — 6. iroXiopKci- by 
 contraction for TroXto^Kc'et, present third singular of 7roAio/,Kc'<o, besiege 
 
-""Tfir iiiiriii-Ti 
 
 88 
 
 DEMONSTRA TI VE PRONOUNS. - avTO^. 
 
 LESSON XVII. 
 
 Demonstrative Pronouns avrds. 
 
 164. The principal demonstrative pronouns are ovtos, this, 
 Latin hlc, oSe, this, and €K€i:vos, that, Latin ille. 
 
 155. The pronoun avrds is properly intensive, self, Latin 
 ipse. 
 
 166. Learn the dedension of outos, '6U, and IkcXvos in 762, 
 and of avTds in 759. 
 
 167. These pronouns are declined, in the main, like adjectives of the 
 vowel declension (126 ff.); 58e is declined like the article (758), with the 
 enclitic suffix Sc added. 
 
 168. When a demonstrative pronoun agrees with a noun, it 
 takes the article, and stands either before or after both article 
 and noun, not between them. 
 
 169. 1. eWi;o9, that (yonder), is used of something remote ; 
 oBe, this (here), of something near or present. 
 
 2. olVo? is used in referring to something which has already 
 been mentioned ; SSe, in referring to something which is about 
 to be mentioned. 
 
 Thus: ov^os 6 a-rpaTr}y6, cr 6 crrparriyh, o^to, dya^^s ^v, this general 
 (one already mentioned) rcas hrave ; lAe^c rciSe, he said this, i.e. he spoke as 
 follom; ,v ^Kuvri Trj Ku>f^rj dvaofxev, we will offer sacrifice in that village 
 (yonder). ^ 
 
DEMONS TEA Tl VE PRONOUNS. — avTO^i. 
 
 39 
 
 ! ouTos, this, 
 
 160. In all its cases avro? may mean self; when preceded by 
 the article it means same; in its oblique cases it may mean 
 him, her, it, them. 
 
 Thus: avrk 6 (TTparrjyb^ (\e^e ravra, the general himself said this, but 
 6 avTos (rTpaTr)y6<i eAc^e ravra, the same general said this; Ouaw avro^, 
 I myself will offer sacrifce ; ol arparcdraL avrov^ tiraLov, the soldiers struck 
 them. 
 
 , self, Latin 
 
 Etvos in 762, 
 
 ectives of the 
 58), with the 
 
 1 a noun, it 
 both article 
 
 tig remote ; 
 
 has already 
 ch is about 
 
 y, this general 
 ?. he spoke as 
 i that village 
 
 161, 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 'Apf,<rTiiriros, ov, 6, Aristippns. 
 ovTds, ^, 6, pron., self, same, him, 
 her, it. 
 
 m 
 
 ^Kctvos, 7), 0, pron., thai. 
 
 tmPovX^, ^s, ij {cf. <?7rt/3oi;\ei/w), plot, 
 
 scheme, design. 
 0€TTa\<Js, ov, 6, a Thessalian. 
 \iy<a, \{^<a, «Xc|a {cf. \6yos), say, speak, 
 
 tell, state, report. 
 
 (*cTd, prep.: with gen., with, in com- 
 pany with; with ace, behind, after. 
 
 I^vos, ov, 6, stranger, ''guest friend,''' 
 guest, host. 
 
 <58€, TJSt, t68« {cf. J5e), pron., this, the 
 following. 
 
 ovTos, aiJ-TT), TovTo {cf ovTus), pron., this. 
 
 ri, conj., and (enclitic and postposi- 
 tive); Tc . . . Ko(, both . . . and. 
 
 OVTOL OL 
 
 162. 1. avrai at ot/ctat ^vyod? e^ova-L. 2 
 crrpartwrat eVatoz/ tov ^evov. 3. \\pL(rTL7nTo? Se 6 ©erra- 
 Xo? ^epos ^v avToi. 4. ^era Se rouroi^ KXeapxo? auro? 
 eXefe raSe. 5. /cat rjOpot'c^ov Tovg. 
 TreXrao-ra? oJrftj? ourot. 6. ra aura 
 raura^ ^ovXevovcTL. 7. /cat /ceXeuet 
 auTou? Xeyety ravra. 8. aur^; rj im- 
 fiovXr) ovK ^v (fyavepa. 9. ovro<; Se 
 o auro? /ceXeuet iicfLvmic nnTrn/f^ii, n-^,. ,>.''.«r.. 
 eXef e KXea/)xo5 -^ o^ 8^ o-rpart^rat, o? re^ airod' Ik^vov 
 /cat ot aXXot, iKcXevov avrov dycLv rrjp crTpaTidv. 
 
 No. 10. trfXraffT-ffs. 
 
 1 1/, raura 
 
40 
 
 
 
 
 1 I 
 
 * 
 
 DEMONSTRA TIVE PRONOUNS. — avro^. 
 
 163. 1. These soldiers were friendly. 2. Cyrus sent these 
 soldiers their pay. 3. But the general spoke to them as 
 follows. 4. They conduct him to the same general. 
 
 Notes — i rh. alrk raSra, these same (plans), a cog,7ate accusative (833). 
 - 01 re, hoth the (soldiers). The proclitic ot receives an accent from the 
 follownig enclitic. —3 Agrees with eVctVov, and =ips-ius. 
 
 ^^^' He hoodwinks the King. 
 
 ovTO)^ ovp ijnMiX'qTov ttjv dTpaTiav riOpoiiev 6 KO/oo?. 
 7r/)09 he Tov^ ahe\(f>hv dyye\ov<; enefi^e /cat eXefe raSe • 
 " imOvfiw, c3 *A/)rafe/3f77, /cat (also) rrjs 'icoi^tds (rarpa- 
 neveiv, Ti(T(Ta(f>ipvy)v 8' e/c 7179 x^/>«? e/c/3aXXet^." /cat ij 
 5 ft>;rt;^ (TVfxnpiTTeL avr^ radra. cocrre o^x viroTTTevei 
 ^ ^'^pTf^i^^piv^ n^ ^ov Ki/aou imiSovXTJv • dTrcnefnre yap 
 avToj T0V5 Saa-fxovs iKeivos, 
 
 Notes. — 3. ^meu^ai: by contraction for iiriOd fiio), I desire. —'lotvlas : 
 the genitive follows verbs signifying to rule (847). — 5. onj^t-irp^TTci : t/oe^ 
 </w's wj7/i /i/m, i.e. cooperates with him in this (865). 
 
 No. I I. Ancient Persians. 
 
us sent these 
 to them as 
 eral. 
 
 ?cusative (833). 
 3cent from the 
 
 lev 6 KO/009. 
 EXefe raSe • 
 nd<s craTpa- 
 iP' Kai rj 
 
 ( UTTOTTTevet 
 
 CTrefiTre yap 
 
 ire. — 'IwvCas : 
 k-irpoTTCi: does 
 
 PRESENT AND IMPERFECT INDICATIVE OF elfii. 41 
 
 LESSON XVIII. 
 
 Present and Imperfect Indicative of etjii, be. 
 
 165. Learn the conjugation of the present and imperfect 
 indicative of €l}ii, be, in 795. 
 
 106. All the forms of the present indicative of elfji{ are 
 ^ enclitic except el The third singular eVrt' takes v-movable (17) 
 ^ like words in ai. Further, iari becomes eari : 
 
 1. At the beginning of a sentence, as eVri 8^ K6p<o ySao-^eia, Cyrus has 
 a palace. 
 
 ^ 2. When it signifies existence or possibility, as eV roU ^ap^dpoi^ tariv 
 ovTO) Aeycii/, it is possible to speak thus among the barbarians. 
 
 ^ 3.^ When it follows oIk, d, m, KaC, tovto, and some other ^ords, as 
 ovK tcTTL Kvpto ttAoux, Cyrus has no boats. 
 
 167. Proclitics (26) have no effect on the accent of the fol- 
 lowing word. The proclitics are the forms 6, ^, ol, at of the 
 article; the prepositions ek, into, e'| (eV), out of, eV, m; the 
 conjunctions el, if, and oJ?, as, that; and the negative o{j 
 (ovK, ovx), not. 
 
 168. An enclitic (27) generally loses its own accent, but in 
 the following cases it retains it: 
 
 1. When a dissyllabic enclitic follows a word with the acute on the 
 penult, as ^tAoi core, you are friends. 
 
 2. When the preceding syllable is elided (16), as ravr' i^rl KaKa, this 
 is bad. 
 
 169. The word before an enclitic always retains its own 
 accent, and never changes an acute to the grave (25) 
 i^ urther : o v y 
 
¥ < 
 
 42 PliESENT AND IMPERFECT INDICATIVE OF dfii. 
 
 1. If it has the acute on the antepenult or circumflex on the penult 
 .t receives fron. the enclitic an acute on its last syllable as a second L " ' 
 as a^co. cVr., it is right, AyaOh, oM, cVr., he is brave. ' 
 
 2. If it has the acute on the penult or the acute or circumflex on the 
 ultxn.a, ,t receues no additional accent, as ^eVo. eV^eV (168 1) J « 
 
 .. If It IS a proclitic or an enclitic, it receives an acute, as cr re. if 
 anybody ; ec re, .{.rjac (enclitic) ravra, if anybody says this. ' '^ 
 
 170. 
 
 Poo-(X€ios, OP (130), royal; neut. plur. 
 (iaalXeia as noun, palace. 
 
 «l|iC, imperf. ^v, fut. 2<roHoi, be. 
 
 ivTov0a, Adv., there, here, in this place. 
 
 Tj, conj., ihati, Lat. quam. 
 
 MofavSpos, ov, 6, the Maeander, a wind- 
 ing river in Asia Minor. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 KaWov, adv., more, rather. 
 nVoi. at, o, 10,000. 
 iropdStwros, ov, 6, park. 
 irdpoBos, ov, ij, xoay by or along, pas- 
 sage, pass. 
 
 ^^Y^, Vi, V, fountain, head, spring, 
 source. 
 
 171. 1. el eVI (in the power of) jm dSiX,f>^. 2. oiK 
 afio^ e<rri ra? airopSi, \i$«,.. 3. ivravOa ydp ^,rnv ^ 
 
 <Pf. 5. ^^e,. .V to; uapaSetW. 6. KXea>;^^ s/ ^.iSp.oi 
 8ap««o.«o., /. feVo..V^eV,.3Kvpe,ra;<.arp<i^„. 8. „J 
 66 ,r,,yai tov MaiaV8po« ^oraiitoO etVi^ .V rS,„ fiaat\el<ou 
 
 10. c<rn Se Kvpo. Ka.1 fia<r£\eca Kal xo,pCop tV^voo^ inl 
 
 172. 1. This country is hostile to Artaxerxes. 2 TJie 
 soldiers have arms and horses. 3. These friends of Cyrus 
 were soldiers. 4. For you are in a hostile land. 5. In this 
 place there was a beautiful jjark. 
 
f" elfii. 
 
 on the penult, 
 second accent, 
 
 umflex on the 
 68, 1), we are 
 ' of the soldiers. 
 te, as el tis, if 
 
 ier. 
 
 or along, pas- 
 head, spring. 
 
 2. 
 
 OVK 
 
 p eCTTLV Tf 
 
 TO) aSe\- 
 
 0€ fXVplOl 
 
 ry- 8. at 
 
 TVfJLfJLa)(OL. 
 
 Xvpop eVt 
 
 2. TJie 
 of Cyrus 
 
 tills 
 
 In ^^ 
 
 rUESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE INBICATIVE MIBBLE. 43 
 ^^^* He continues to collect Forces. 
 
 8a.^o..o. _e. Xeppo^^^a.- rovra, yip <J, (,,, ^.,, 
 ja/,e<.x. /.vp.o_„5 Sa>e«o.-5. 'ApCarcn.o, Se 6 OerraX^; 
 
 I-ud verb cannot go/u:;^^^^^^ The accent ot a com. 
 
 oo...act.n .. w4 -.-a'^urLxr^zr :^^^^^^^^^^^ :: 
 
 LESSON XIX. 
 Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative Middle. 
 
 lact;^; '" '''' '''''"*' ^^'^ ^''■^? «^« -l^-' i« -presented a« 
 
 ;-^; ....... .„.l: s"2j:r::r"^^^^ —> 
 
 J7«. The pergonal endings (136) i„ the indicative ™iddle 
 Primary. ^ 
 
 I 1 -Hai ^.g^ SINGULAH. DUAL. PujRAL. 
 
 -TO .O-0TJV .VTO 
 
 I 
 
44 PRESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE INDICATIVE MIDDLE. 
 
 \ 
 
 § 
 
 m 
 
 176. Learn the conjugation of the present, imperfect, and 
 future indicative middle of Xuo), in 765 (Xuo|JLai and k\'^6\Lr\v) 
 and 766 (Xijo-o|xai). 
 
 177. The present stem, found in the present and imperfect, is \v% 
 (138 and 147), the future stem is Avo-% (139). The forms Auci, t\vov, 
 and Avo-ci, are the shortened forms of Auc-crai, eAiJc-o-o and Auae-o-at. 
 
 178. 
 
 dYOpd^w {ayopaS), A-yopdo-o), T|'y6pa(ra, 
 TJ-ydpaKa (cf. dyopi), frequent the 
 market-place, buy. 
 
 dX^Ocia, as, ij, truth. 
 
 PopPapiKds, ■>?, 6v {cf. ^dp^apos), barba- 
 rian; t6 ^appapiKdv, the Persian 
 force of Cyrus. 
 
 2roi|to$, 7}, ov, or pj, ov (130), ready, 
 prepared. 
 
 licra-ir^liiroiJiai, send for, summon. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ircCOb), irc((r(o, circio-a, WirciKa, per- 
 suade; mid., obey. 
 
 ir^pHv, adv., across, beyond. 
 
 iri(rT€v«, irioTTtvo-ft), iirlfrTtva-a (cf. 
 TTiards), put faith in, trust. 
 
 iropcvoiiai, iropcv(ro|Aai, ircir(ipcv|AC.., 
 proceed. 
 
 <rv\k-^ov\(v<a, plan with, advise; mid., 
 consult with. 
 
 o-v-o-TpaTcvofiai, serve in war with, take 
 thejield with. 
 
 179. 1. (TvaTpaTeva-eTat dvv Kvpo)- incrTcvei yap avrco.^ 
 2. ovK iireiOov^ toU 6eoL<;. 3. ttj S* ahqSda? iiropevovro 
 inl TOP iroTap.6v. 4. 'Aprafepfry? t7]v (TTpaTiav aferat. 
 5. Tov^ (TTpaTLayrds erot/Aot io-fxev Xveo-Oau.^ 6. Kvpo<s 8e 
 fieTairefiTreTaL to fiapfiapiKov. 7. 8ta rov TreSiov iiropevo- 
 fieua 619 Ka)/jLd<;. 8. Kupo? Se rot? (JTpaT7)yol^ /cat rois 
 Xo;(dyots o-vfjifiovXeveTaL. 9. iripdv Se toO Etx^parou^ '^i' 
 kw/xt; • e/c rauTT^s ot o-rpanajrat rjyopdl^ovTo rd eVtrTySeta. 
 
 ISO. 1. And Vip. \va.« nrnoef^din"" r^n fliA iiran.r^»-» o Ti^p 
 bowmen send for their bows. 3. He did not obey his brother. 
 
 
\^ 
 
 MIDDLE. 
 perfect, and 
 
 jrfect, is \v °/^ 
 is \v€L, cAvov, 
 id \v(Tt-crai. 
 
 WirciKa, per- 
 
 ond. 
 
 lirCo'Tcvo'a (c/. 
 I, trust. 
 ., ircirdpcv|AC .<, 
 
 , advise; mid., 
 
 1 war wi^ft, take 
 
 I pb^s^^t; wP^ft^Eon ^trrw.^ n^nwATn-j, middle. 45 
 
 i 4. You did not proceed to Cvrus ^ Th^ + 
 
 I im,.hase provisions for themseC '"^'^'"" "'" 
 
 g Adverb, oi place may be followed by the gemtive (866). 
 
 ***• ■*" Ws Troops muster at Sardis. 
 
 rotlI°" 7' ""'^ '^^''""•^"^- «^'^-- 8^ - 
 (ina-T€vop yip a{n-a. <^'-vo^o 
 
 yap avT^r 
 iiTopevovTO 
 Mv aferai. 
 . Kupos 8e 
 )u ivopivo- 
 is (cai Tots 
 
 O T'l.,, 
 
 his brother. 
 
 No. 12. The Skulking Warrior. 
 
46 
 
 AORIST, PERFECT, PLUPERFECT, 
 
 LESSON XX. 
 Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Indicative Middle. 
 
 182. The future perfect indicative denotes that an action 
 will, be alrewhj finished at some future time, as XcXuaofJiat, 
 / ahall have ransomed. This tense is not found in the active 
 voice. 
 
 183. Learn the conjugation of the first aorist, perfect, plu- 
 perfect, and future perfect indicative middle of Xvca in 767 (cXU- 
 (rd|iiiv) and 769 (XcXvjiai, cXcXvjitiv, and X€Xu<ro|iai). 
 
 (The perfect and pluperfect middle and passive of mute verbs are 
 reserved for Lessons XXII. and XXIIT.) 
 
 184. The first aorist middle uses the first aorist stem Xvcra (148). 
 
 185. The perfect and pluperfect middle use the perfect middle stem 
 AcAv, formed simply by reduplicating the verb stem. The pluperfect has 
 augment. 
 
 186. The future perfect uses the perfect middle stem with o-"/, added, 
 AcAuo-Yj. a short final vowel is always lengthened before o- Ye. 
 
 187. For the personal endings, see 175. The forms eAvo-o) and AeAi5o-a 
 are shortened forms of iXvaa-a-o and AcAvo-c-o-ai. 
 
 No 1 3. Assyrian Wagon. 
 
 ^5. 
 
AND FUTURE PEHFECT INDICATIVE MIDDLE. 
 
 47 
 
 188. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ative Middle. 
 
 at an action 
 ; XeXuaofjiai, 
 n the active 
 
 perfect, plu- 
 • in 767 (€XiJ- 
 
 ). 
 
 ute verbs are 
 
 o-a (148). 
 
 t middle stem 
 pluperfect has 
 
 h 0-°/, added, 
 
 0) and AcAiJo-ct 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 oKpos, d, ov, at the top, topmost; Akpop, 
 
 neut. as noun, summit. 
 diro-Tr^fiir«, send off or away; mid., 
 
 send away from oneself dismiss. 
 TJS^ws, adv., gladly. 
 oXiyoi, 7], oi>, little, small; plur., few. 
 oXos, 17, ov, whole, entire. 
 iropd, prep.: with gen., from beside, 
 
 from; with dat., beside, loith, at; 
 
 with ace, to the side of to, near, by. 
 
 iropo«rK€«^, Tj,, ^, preparation, equip. 
 
 ment. 
 irAp-eim, be beside or present. 
 irav«, -rratio-o), iVavo-o, ir^iravKa, -iriirav. 
 I*ai, cause to cease, stop; mid., cease, 
 desist. 
 trivTt, indeclinable, five. 
 <rTa0^6s, ov, 6, stopping-place, stage, 
 
 day's march. 
 *PVYia, as, 7), Phrygia. 
 
 rov, fiapftapov, ^oXe^ov' ^B^cos ^.navacra.. 3. roV « 
 TTparr/you Kal r6^ o-aT^a',7,,„ dTreTrei^^aro. 4. oj 8^ o-rpa 
 
 5. o\.yot re. ^rpanco™. ra incrrjSe.a i,yopd<ravro. 6 o£ 
 o^Xcra. ^e^o^ev^ac .VI ro a^o.. 7. koI 6 ^arpdnr,, 
 /.er...^^aro .n„ov, .al oVXa «al r^ aXX^. .apacrlJ. 
 
 S.a oX,s r,, ,^c/,a-,. 9. eWi S^ «„l o5ro. JprjZ, 
 ^<Trpar.v<raro Kvpo, .1, r^ tS,u ^oXe^cW x<i/.aV. 
 
 100. 1. Cyrus summoned few of the captains. 2. Thev 
 have proceeded to the sources of the river. 8. He has col 
 I .uUed w.th Cyrus. 4. You will gladly have ceased f^om battle 
 J 5. The army had advanced five days' march. 
 
 Notes. _ i/r„m ,„ar, a genitive of sejiaralion (848). _ J Acm,„ti„. f 
 e«ra/ of space (836). (."".)• Accusative of 
 
48 
 
 READING LESSON. 
 
 191. Tissaphernes warns the King. The March begins. 
 
 ovToi fxh Traprja-av aural et? SapSets- 1i(T(ra(f>4pvy)<; 
 Se iiropeveTo irapa tov ^ Apra^dp^iqv • ov yap eVo/atfe ttjv 
 7rapao-K€vr)u ravrrjv cli^at eVt Ilto-tSd?. kol 'Apra^ep^-qs, 
 eVet raur' eXefe Ttco-ac^ep^'T;?, dvTLTrapaorKevd^eTai. 
 5 Kv/jos 8e exwi' touVou? tou9 a-rpaTidrrd^ i^eXavveu dno 
 Xdph^oiv 8ta ttJ? AuStdg (TTaOfxoix; Tpeh (tres) inl tov 
 MaCapSpov TroTafxou. iwl Se tovto) yi(f)vpa iwrji/. ipT€v6ev 
 i^eXavpei 8ta ^pvyids ets KoXocrcra?. 
 
 Notes. — 1. SdpScis : Sanlis, accusative plural. The genitive plural 
 SapScwv occurs in 6. — 3. dvai : to be, present infinitive of ct/xi'. Translate, 
 
 that it teas, etc 5. i\uv : having, present participle, = with. — {|-cXa6vu : 
 
 the verb iXavvui here means march. Use the map in following the route of 
 the expedition. — 7. Iir-fiv : imperfect of cTr-ei/At, be on or over. 
 
 No. 14. Theseus fighting with Amazons. 
 
INDICATIVE PASSIVE. 
 
 49 
 
 gins. 
 
 eXavvet. dno 
 es) eVl Tov 
 
 ;enitive plural 
 ii'. Translate, 
 ;. — J|-cXai)vii : 
 
 g the route of 
 
 I 
 
 LESSON XXI. 
 
 Indicative Passive. 
 
 102. In the passive (48) voice the subject is represented as 
 acted on, as Xtofiai, lam loosed, iXvd^irjv, I was loosed, etc. 
 
 193. Tiie present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect, and future 
 perfect have the same forms in the passive voice as in the 
 middle. The first aorist and first future are different. 
 
 1J>4. Learn the conjugation of the first aorist and first 
 future indicative passive of X6a> in 770 (cXvOtiv and XuOiiaofiai). 
 
 195. The first aorist passive uses the first passive stem, formed by 
 adding the tense suffix 6, (lengthened to G^ in the indicative) to the verb 
 stcnn, as \vOe (XvOrj). As a secondary tense, it has augment in the 
 indicative. It uses the active secondary endings (145). 
 
 196. Before the suffix Be a labial mute (n p <»>) becomes (or remains) 
 «}>, as e-7re^<^-V (verb stem 7re/x,r); a palatal mute (k v X) I'ecomes (or 
 remains) X, as y^-erjv (verb stem ay); a lingual mut. (x 8 9) becomes <r, 
 as ,7r€c<r-er]v (verb stem naO), ^p^d^.Orjv (verb stem Apirah). 
 
 197. Some verbs form the aorist passive with the tense 
 suffix € (lengthened to t] in the indicative) instead of Be (Orj) 
 as 7pa</,a,, zvrite (verb stem r^pa<j>), i-ypdct>v-u. These are called 
 t5EC0Np aorists passive. 
 
 108. Tiie iirst future passive uses the first passive stem with a'/ 
 added to dri, as Av^ V- It uses the middle primary endings (175). 
 
50 
 
 INDICATIVE PASSIVE. 
 
 I 
 
 ! ill 
 
 ^n 
 
 199. The Principal Parts of a verb are the first; person 
 ) singular indicative of the following tenses : prese^it acthra^ 
 
 future active, aoristjictive, perfec-t active, perfect middle, aorist 
 I passive, as XCco, X6<t(o, e'Xvaa, X^VKarXeXv/xairiX^rjv. 
 
 200. The second aorist active (91), second perfect (115), and 
 second aorist passive (197) may occur in place of the correspond- 
 ing fii-st tenses or in addition to them. 
 
 a. These second tenses will be fully considered later. 
 
 201. Not all verbs have all the principal parts, that is, some 
 verbs are defective. 
 
 In the following vocabularies, if parts are not given, it is to be under- 
 stood that they do not occur in Attic prose. 
 
 202. The agent is usually expressed, in the passive con-, 
 I struction, by M wi th the_ genitive^ as ol oTrXlraL {j-rrh tov\ 
 \ arpaTvyov 7re/^<^(9r;Voi/Tat, the heav^a^ed men will be sent by 
 \the general. ^ 
 
 203. The perfect and pluperfect passive may have Qiejative 
 ofj^gjigent, as al (movSai roU iroXefiloL^ XdXvvrai, the Treaty 
 has been broken hy the enemy. i 
 
 204. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ■ypdcfxu, 7pA\|»», €7pax|fa, •y<Ypa<(>a, y^- 
 •ypannoi, 6Ypd<|>Tiv, write. No. 60. 
 
 8^, intensive postpositive particle, now., 
 indeed, accordingly, so, then. 
 
 ctKoo-i, indeclinable, twenty. 
 
 ^vT€v0€v, adv., thence, from this place. 
 
 eirrd, indeclinable, seven. 
 
 t|Kw, Tjga», come, be or have come. 
 
 iraptt<rd77tis, ov, 6, parasang, a Persian 
 
 road measure. 
 iriiln {Tried), iniaro, itrUa-a, 4iri^<r0t)v, 
 
 press hard; pass., be hard pressed. 
 wird, prep.: with gen., under, from 
 
 under, of agency, by, through; with 
 
 dat., under, beneath: with ace, 
 
 under, down under. 
 
INDICATIVE PASSIVE. 
 
 61 
 
 sang, a Peraian 
 
 305. 1. KveriaoniOa ix tovtoiv rav Sai/wi/.' 2. iv hi 
 rp o-T€p§ 68^ i7n€<r0r,iA.,i, ino tS,„ 7roUiJ.U>u. 3. \A,„at 
 ayycXo, ^kuv napa Adp.iov. 4. oJro, Sr, ,.ere,reV^^«<ra.. 
 oc Tofora.. 5. iSiw^ouro 8ta roC ^eS.'ou 7rapa,Toiyyd, inrd. 
 0. cm^roXi^ eypa'<^v „api rhp KXeapX""- 7. « ™^ ^o.;..^^ 
 dir,pna,r0r, ino tw^ ^apfiapo>v ra oirka. 8. cVl ro; ScficS^ 
 
 fTTo Kvpov 6t? ^pvyidv. 
 
 ,I,''*1" o" ,^'^''7'y '^«'''^y-^™>«'l m«n were brought' from thia 
 .laee.^ 2. i he bndge will be destroyed. 3. He was persuaded 
 by the general. 4. Five targeteers on the right (wing) were 
 shot. 5. They will be hard pressed by the soldiere. 
 
 Notes _ i Used as a neuter noun. _ ' on the righ, (wi„„). _ . See 17 
 -' Lse ay<„. -eput the Greek word for this phrase fl«t. Cf. 205, 9. 
 
 207. 
 
 The Palace and Park of Cyrus at Celaenae. 
 
 o e^rraXos onklrd, ?^o>p Kal TreXrao-ris. eWC^^e., e'fe- 
 Aoum ■wapaa-dyyd's ilKomv eU Ke\aii/as. 
 
 eVraC^a Ki$pa) ^ao-a«a ^^ Kal napdSe,cro,. eV S^ 
 
 6 Tovr^ ^^ ay/,.a ^,p.'a- raCra eW^05 e'%c«^ a^6 Twou. 
 
 0.™ yap iyi^^aU roi, .V„ot,,. S.a hi roC .a/,a8e.Vov 
 
 pa o Ma.a,.8pos 7:oTap.6,- al Si „r,yal airov ,la^„ i^ 
 
 Tu," /3ao-iXaW • /5« Si Kal Sia KeXat^S^. 
 
52 
 
 LABIAL MUTE VERBS. 
 
 \ ' } 
 
 LESSON XXII. 
 
 Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Indicative Middle 
 and Passive of Labial Mute Verbs. 
 
 208. Learn the conjugn.tion of the perfect, pluperfect, and 
 future perfect indicative middle and passive of XetVo), leave, in 
 775 (Xc'XciiJUiai, 4XcX€1|1|jltiv, and XeXeixj/ojiai). 
 
 209. The concurrence of consonants in the stem and endings (note the 
 forms in parenthesis) occasions euphonic changes, according to the follow- 
 ing principles : 
 
 1. A labial mute (ir p 4)) before ji changes to jt; with o- it forms 4^; 
 before t and 9 it becomes (or remains) respectively ir and <|). 
 
 ^ a. When (ifiji would thus result, one i* is dropped, as Trc/nTro,, send, 
 imrefi-fxai (TrcirefXTr-fiai), Treirefxij/aL, TrcTrc/XTr-rai, etc. 
 
 2. <r between two consonants is dropped. 
 
 210. The third person plural of the perfect and pluperfect is a com- 
 pound form, consisting of the jierfect middle or passive participle and dal 
 in the perfect, and of this participle and rjaav in the pluperfect. 
 
 211. Conjugate also the perfect and pluperfect indicative 
 middle and passive of Tre^Trw (TreTrefifj^ai, etc.) and of 7/oa</>&> 
 {yeypaufiai, etc.). 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 212. 
 
 4no, adv., at the same time. 
 dpi6|i6s, oO, 6, number^ enumeration. 
 S^vSpov, OK, t6, tree. 
 Kard, prep.: with gen., down from; 
 
 v.'it,h ^co.^ doxon along, over, by. 
 Kara.-\(lir<a, leave behind, abandon. 
 Kara-Kdirru, cut down or in pieces. 
 
 KdiTTW (kott), k6\|/«, eKoy'.'O, K^KOi)>a, 
 
 K«KO|ji|jiai, €Kdirrjv, cut, fell. 
 \€(ir« (\t7r), XeCtj/w, cXwov, X^oiwo, 
 
 X^\ci|Afiai, 4XcC()>0t)v, leave. 
 Ilpoliv&s, ov, 6, Proxenus. 
 TpioKovra, indeclinable, thirty. 
 XtXioi, at, o, 1000. 
 
LABIAL MUTE VERBS. 
 
 53 
 
 Middle 
 
 Jrfect, and 
 t>, leave^ in 
 
 gs (note the 
 ) the fol low- 
 it forms r^; 
 ■efiiTd), send, 
 
 !t is a com- 
 ple and elal 
 
 indicative 
 of ypd<f)(o 
 
 f.'a, K^KOi)>a, 
 
 fell. 
 
 IV, X^OMra, 
 
 ye. 
 
 irty. 
 
 
 •■» 
 
 213. 1. KaraXeXet/x/xeVot etcrt rptaK-oi^raroforat; 2. afxa 
 8e ineirefixljOy co Upo^eve, inl rr^v yicfivpav. 3. KaTaKeKonTat 
 Tol<; TToXe/Atots^ rj (Tt par la. 4. oTrXIrat x'^tot Treire fifievoL 
 rjaav Kara OakaTTav. 5. oXtyot rwi^ Kvpou (fyuXcov Kara- 
 XeXeifificvoL ^aav. 6. XeXet/x/xeVot 170-ai/ ot o-rpanwrat. 
 
 7. e/c TavTT)^ T^9 KW/XT7? ayyeXo? i7r€TT€fjL7rT0 irpo^ Kvpov. 
 
 8. ra 8eV8/)a /ce/coTrrat. 9. Ki)/)05 OLTroTreTrefnTTaL^ top 
 ayyekov. 10. rov? birXtrd^ /xeraTreTTC/x/xe^a e/c 7775 i^pvyid';. 
 
 214. 1. The army had been cut to pieces by the satrap. - 
 2. Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plain. 3. A 
 letter had been written at the same time.^ 4. A messenger has 
 been sent away to the satrap. 5. For a thousand soldiers had 
 been sent to the stronghold. 
 
 Notes. — 1 The agent (203). — 2 Middle. — 3 For the order, cf. 213, 2. 
 
 215. A Thirty Days' Halt, and Enumeration of the Troops. 
 
 eo-Tt 8e KoX 'Apra^ep^ov /SacrtXeta eV KeXaivals ipvfxpo. 
 iirl rat? ir-qyaU tov Mapavov iroTafiov • pel 8e /cat ovto^ 
 8ta KeXati/wi/. 
 
 ivTavda p.ivei Ku/509 'r}fi€pd^ TpiaKovra • koI ^Ke KXe- 
 
 5 apxos €)(0)v oTrXtrd? x'^^^^^^ '^a't TreXracrTa? /cat rofoVd?. 
 
 a/xa 8e /cat Soc^atVero? Traprjv excov OTrXtrd? ;)(tXtoi;9. o^ 
 
 /cat ivTavOa Kvpo<i dpiOpxyv rciiv 'EX\r]VLKa)p (TTpaTLOJTcov 
 
 inoirjo-ev iv tw TrapaSeLcra), /cat i^crai/ oTrXtrat /aei/ /xvptot 
 
 .^«> ,.A.-.. \ ^ ^> <J - ir\ 
 
 rvM.c ^c/vfeut, vicAvacTTat oe otcTYtAtOt. 
 
 Notes. — 1. Ko-n : for the accent, see 1G6, 1 — 9. 8i<rxtXioi : the numeral 
 adverb 81s means twice. 
 
, i 
 
 , 
 
 54 
 
 PALATAL ANJJ UNGUAL MUTE VEUBS. 
 
 LESSON XXIII. 
 
 Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of 
 Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs. 
 
 216 Learn the conjugation of the perfect and plunerfeot 
 
 ;;r:.,i::;,.*"" '""• " '-• •"■• '"*'''" 
 
 • .£,.',.;:.;tt,;r. <;j .«.'*».;. -:;.£, -- 
 
 2. •• between two coiisoiiants is dropped. 
 
 218. Conjugate ako the corre«pondmg perfeet and pluperfect 
 of rarr. (ray), arrange, dra.o up (reVa^a. and eVeraV^J 
 
 ai» Learn the conjugation of the perfect and pluperfect 
 indicative middle and passive of ^.,«„ j f'uperieot 
 
 2. o- between two consonants is dropped. 
 
 of S':^rf r"^t '''r '^" ^^--P--^-^ I-^foet and plnperfect 
 of a/PTraro) {ap-rraB), rob (^p7ra<rf,ac and ^pTrdcr^yjv). 
 
 No. 15. Attic F 
 
 our Drachma Pi 
 
 ece. 
 
PALATAL AND LINGUAL MUTE VERBS. 
 
 55 
 
 222. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 5sive of 
 
 pluperfect 
 i(/, in 77G 
 
 •eiiiains) y ; 
 respectively 
 
 >lviperfeet 
 
 •luperfect 
 Idle obey., 
 
 >re OP it is 
 
 luperfect 
 
 €u, adv., well. 
 
 €vwvvnos, ov (I.'IO), of good name or 
 omen, ouplieuiistic for left, on the 
 left side, as contrasted with 5e^i6y. 
 
 fitVos, ft, ov, middle; rd iiiaov, the mid- 
 dle, centre. 
 
 •rrapao-K€vdS«, iropoo-Kevdo-w, etc. (rf. 
 irapadKevi)), (jet or make ready, jne- 
 pare. 
 
 <rvv-TdTT«, draw up together, marshal. 
 
 TdTTw (ray), rdgw, isTo^o, rira^a, ri- 
 TttYjiai, 4Tdx9T)v, arrange, order, 
 especially of troops, draw up, mar- 
 shal, post, 
 
 viTolvyiov, ov, t6, beast of burden; plur., 
 baggage animals. 
 
 <})vXdTT« (<pv\aK), 4)u\d5w, 4<})v\a|a, 
 •ir€<}>viXoxo, irc({>v\a-y(iai., ci{>vXdxOT]v, 
 guard, watch, defend ; mid., defend 
 oneself against, guard against. 
 
 223. 1. TovTov hr) eu 7r€(f)vXdyiJLe6a. 2. ^KTau rj (TTpaTia 
 Kara {against) to twv iroXefJLLCJv fxecrov. 3. ol 8e TroXefiLOL 
 r}dpoLO-fi€POL eto-t kol nvvT^Tay pivot. 4. *A/)rafe/ofry? et? 
 paxnv napeo-Kevaa-To. 5. ovtol ol crrpaTtajrat ev Teraypivoi 
 etVtV. 6. Tw 8e Xoxdy^ ^ tovtco rjhem Treneio-paL. 7. cVe- 
 TaKTo Se eVt roJ evojpvpcp'^ ovto<; 6 arpaT-qyos- 8. ol oTpa- 
 Tryyol rjypevoi ^aav e*§ ttju 'Apra^ep^ov (Tktjvtjp. 9. /cat 
 ra onXa to2^ o-r/jartwrat?^ eVt dpa^Qtv tjkto kol virolvyicov. 
 10. at 8e o-KYjval Trec^vXay/xeVat etat rot? fiapfidpoi^.^ 
 
 224. 1. The fellow has been led into the presence of 
 Clearchus. 2. But we had obeyed Cyrus. 3. The men on 
 the left (wing) had been posted at the bridge. 4. Yon have 
 prepared yourselves against dreadful foes. 5. The horses and 
 the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile country. 
 
 Notes. — i Verbs signifying to ohey take the dative (8G0). — 2 ^„j ^j^^ i^ji 
 (wing). — ^for the .soldiers, a dative of advantage (801). — •• The agent (20:i). 
 
5G 
 
 READING LESSON. 
 
 iia5. The March continues. Review of the Troops. 
 
 rrjv ohov Kpy^vy^- eVl hk ra^rrj Xeycrat MtSa"? top tdrv- 
 pov 6r)pevcra.. ipreWev c'^cXavVa eU Tvp.alov, Ka\ 
 J^eraCei ep rw neBico r^v crrparLiv. iK^evae S^ roi,, 
 
 ^raxd-qcrav ovv eVl rerrdp^v {four deep) • el^e hk rh ah 
 Se^cou MeVo.. Kal ol crhv avr^, rh 8k eicouvf^op KXeapvo. 
 Kai OL eKeCpov, rh Sk fxecrop ol dWoL cTrpary^yoi 
 
 NoTP^.-_3 e^p.v.rat: to have caught, aorLst infinitive active.- 5. ravefl- 
 vat : first aonst infinitive ^vassive, to he drawn up. - Anrcp : as if. 
 
 
 No. 16. Si 
 
 enus the Satyr. 
 
 4'. 
 
rUEFOSITIONS. 
 
 67 
 
 T^v napa 
 TOP Xdrv- 
 aiop, Koi 
 
 ^r) jxdx'nv. 
 Se TO jxcp 
 KXea/3;^o9 
 
 — 5. ra\9fi- 
 
 J if. 
 
 
 LESSON XXIV. 
 
 Prepositions. 
 
 220. Prepositions are used with the genitive, dative, and 
 accusative. Some prepositions are used with only one of these 
 cases, others with two, others with all three. 
 
 227. The prepositions dvTi, ifistead of, dird, off from, from, 
 Latin ab, ۤ, out of, from, Latin ex, and irp6, before, Latin ;?ro, 
 take only tlie genitive, i^ signifies from within, out of, airo, 
 off from, away from. 
 
 228. ^v, in, Latin in with the ablative, and avv, with, Latin 
 cum, take only the dative. 
 
 221). dvd, up, and cts, into, Latin in with the accusative, take 
 only the accusative. 
 
 2.30. d}i<|)i, about, 8id, through, on account of, Kard, down, 
 |i€Td, m company with, after, and vircp, over, Latin sz^^er, take 
 tlio genitive and accusative. 
 
 231. cm, on, upon, irapd, alongside of, beside, ircpi, round, 
 about, TTpds, over against, at, to, and iiird, 2*7i(;?er, Latin sw5, take 
 the genitive, dative, and accusative. 
 
 2.'J2. In general, the genitive with prepositions denotes that 
 from which something proceeds, the dative that iti or by which 
 sometiiing is or takes place, the accusative that towards, over, 
 along, or upon which motion occurs, as : 
 
 ayycAos ^<TTL -apa Kvpov, he is a messenger from (from heside) Cyrus ; 
 ■mxpa. T<o Kyo) ^o-ai/ ol (TTparrjyoi, the generals were with (heside) Cyrus; 
 ayov<n tov avOpMirov rrapa Kvpov, they bring the fellow to Cyrus. 
 
^'^S 
 
 •4 '# 
 
 PKKiW^nii^WK 
 
 >M-..«m.l i,Mvo„.- ,1,0 p,x-p,>.M,i,M, s!,,.„l,.s ,„r „„„ „„„, „ „„j,,^ 
 
 •-•••M. l',V|Ms„,o„s n,V „s,.,i ,„ |„,„,i„,r „p,„„„| v..,Ks,!WV 
 
 >l..uM M,„lv ,1„- .„„„„.„„„ ,., „„. ,.,v|.,.,„„n „i„, n„ „„„„, „„„,. , , 
 
 l!a%. 
 
 VOv AlU I AKV. 
 
 *♦»♦». r»Vp. : with jiXMV . .J.Nn</. ,^^„.VTW- 
 
 i^;.v>.- ni)h ;hv.. ,)^^w/. nn*M.r 
 
 /^*'^' jMVp. XViJh ;UV.. >,p. „j, .,;.>»}/. 
 
 4fX«». ^^a^>, ^p^. ^PYH*». ?P\<»nv (^ 
 
 VVi^K V.*>v.*/. r?NV. frj,;?) ,i)vi'. ,'om- 
 
 fira, ;uiv.. Ihau (harupxni. 
 
 IffHV IMV1> XNill, pMl. V;>»Y. Oijhmt 
 
 iNirrfp. p,vp . x\i(|, i>v„.. oivr. .j/miv. n, 
 
 M.J<r- ,;^-.- wifi, .,,v,. ,.,vr, ,|^„Y. 
 
 .<rr,,ar.,y,.,..>, .\.:„ .•,;,.<^, „■„„, ., ^,^-^^ 
 
 /^<»\V>-- '>. /ur« r„;T,> ^o,>„;,„T«. .'.rra ,rra(>f,o^s ara 
 
 •0, K,.,„,, .„., ..,,., ,v; r.o <;.s.x^c;;, .:xx- „-f,.;, ,Vn. 
 
ilions {»i"x» 
 
 luusi h() 
 
 »'»»♦/.• Willi 
 . «>» /Void' 
 
 )() 
 
 D/s- 
 
 s' ara 
 
 rafjLov. 
 eVnr 
 
 rnKrasi /70Y.S 
 
 
 Af» 
 
 ovro, y av rT,)o nmov \\f}ntlrf>lov irntyfirrm f)nav. 
 S. KvfU>^ fVf'XriMrf roi- K\f„/.y.r nyMojor firr nirrur nn^ 
 .rr,..irin'.rfiv. rfni »Sr' ayrw cSin rop /rr.Siop, \) ,', ,Sf^ .rur/)fi'frvv 
 mv)fi;rrm nW-v rr,t,Mi r^r 'A/)r.iir),^,r. ^,,1 ,rr,,arM,;rav r\r., 
 
 •2.*»7. 1. I'll,' m«\MM(Mig,MH will |.iu.mmmI fVoin llio ininKol 
 
 I*'"''' <" "" '"'"<^- '-V <'MiiM Ml..! l.iM Ml.HT* |.i ,mI nmno 
 
 '''"^"'> ^" ""' l'"l'"'''- -l. •!<' liM.i .1 Mli..M,rliu|.| „l...v(' iUo 
 \\\h\y;v. I. n,.|',Mv |lu> l„i((l,« til,' pmmmiiIh himm illi-,',! in ||hm,. 
 
 ((Mils (,) (|u> g'Otl.S." 
 
 <!..' (i„„- tntfni, H'ht.'h (Sr.l). "Tl,,' Roniliv,. IuIIuvvm ,r,,y,., (H IV ). */.,.. 
 fhosr ohout r,/n,s. " Dm! iv.< \\ illioiil ii |M,-|H>,Mi( i,,n. 
 
 a.'lH. Thp OiPPkn innphP Hip nAibnii/tnn wHh Vvn\ 
 
 oj (Sf n^«/)fX,n;»omrt reray/ucVot H-drri TXav rrra (Sr' tovs 
 aX\,MN' <rr/j(ino'.rav;. /icra (V' ravra cVt/u/zf/' c^yyeXr,,. 
 rr<v)a rows' .rr/xtrvyops' ropv 'l-'AXv/'.^oi/s' ^al, cV/\r,„rc 
 -JTOfnvurOai ourrrrp <U /iaw" '>[ cS^ rmmi e^Ar^a/^ rrnv 
 «rr/)(tno'>raK Kal tVct oraXn-iyfu' o (raX;rtKTvv/7r^)oy«ai^ 
 Aorrai ra orrX^JKat ,rpr K/>apy^; Tp^x^waw cVt rriv crKryra?. 
 roOro St r()t\ l-^afifUfmt.^ ijn^-iiw mtfmx^. 
 
 N«>Ti.:.s. 'J. ot 8r- „m/ (f,n,, Mm ,„lir!<. JM'ii,,; „h,.,| mh m, .I.M.HmHl,n.l,ivo. 
 
 Titav^ivoi: /,„rmr/ hrn, ,/,„>,'„ „/>, prilrH pnHsiv,. p.llM,«i|.|,.. kotA tXaf 
 % .".H.7/.,rmr.v (Uv). (i. <adXmYt.v: a..ri,sl, of .r„A7^/^... j-'ur n, ,.iH.,n. of 
 atn.in|H-l,.r(,ruA,r,Kr»/v), H,',. N,.. r.r,. H. ,rap-.lx. ■ 'vn^.W (7r«y,-,>,) 
 
60 
 
 LABIAL AND PALATAL MUTE STEMS. 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 LESSON XXV. 
 
 Labial and Palatal Mute Stems of the Consonant Declension. 
 
 239. Tlie Third or Consonant Declension includes all nouns 
 whose stems end in a consonant or in i or v. Tlie stem may 
 generally be found by dropping the case ending of the genitive 
 singular. 
 
 240. The case endings are : 
 
 Masculink and Pkminini: 
 singular. 
 N. -s or — (-S or — ) 
 G. -OS (-is) 
 
 D. -I (-4) 
 
 A. -a or V (-em) 
 
 V. -s or — (s or — ) .€s (-es) 
 
 a. The corresponding forms in Latin are added in parenthesis. 
 
 241. The dual has n.a.v. -c, g. d. -oiv, in all genders. 
 
 242. Learn the declension r.f kX(&x|/, thitf, (|)i3Xa|, ffuard, 
 <|)dXa-y|, phalanx, and 8icopu|, canal, in 743. 
 
 243. In the nominative singular and dative plural s unites with a 
 final labial (,r p +) in the stem to form ,|., with a final palatal (k ^ v) to 
 lorm g. i V I A.y vy 
 
 244. Monosyllabic stems of the consonant declension accent 
 «ie last syllable in the genitive and dative of all numbers. 
 The endings olv and (ov are eircumflexed. 
 
 J'KMININK. 
 
 Ne 
 
 UTER. 
 
 TLURAL. 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 I'LURAL. 
 
 -tS (-es) 
 
 - (-) 
 
 -a (-a) 
 
 -<ov (-urn) 
 
 -OS (-is) 
 
 -wv (-u?n) 
 
 -<ri (-ihus) 
 
 -I (4) 
 
 -o-i (-ibus) 
 
 -as or vs (-as) 
 
 -(-) 
 
 -a (-a) 
 
 — (— ) -a (-a) 
 
 N 
 
LABIAL AND PALATAL MUTE STEMS. 
 
 61 
 
 245. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 clension. 
 
 all nouns 
 ^tem may 
 ! genitive 
 
 ER. 
 I'LUUAL. 
 
 a (-a) 
 tov (-u?n) 
 Jt (-ihus) 
 a (-a) 
 1 (-a) 
 
 , guards 
 
 Bs with a 
 (•« Y X) to 
 
 ti accent 
 umbers. 
 
 8i«pv|, vxoi, 17, canal, ditch. 
 clo-poX^, ^j, if, entrance, pass. 
 cir-ci)ii, be on or upon, be over. 
 ©pijl, ep{t<c6s, 6, a Thracian. 
 Owpal, oAcos, 6, breastplate. No. 17. 
 Kfipv|, D/fos, 6, herald. No. 75. 
 
 KCXi|, tKoj, 6, a Cilician. 
 
 <|>dXa-y5, (pdXayyos, 17, /ine 0/ ha<«/e, 
 
 phalanx. 
 <j>v\a5, oKoj, 6 (t/. 0uXdTTw), ivatcher, 
 
 guard. 
 
 No. 17. Alexander the Great. 
 
 246. 1. KXeapxo? etxei^ OTrXtrd? x^Xtov? /cat TreXraoTas 
 
 <fi)pa/ca5. 2. iKeXevo-e Tropeveadat ttjv <j)d\ayya. 3. 8ta 
 
 f Tou e(opdKo<; iro^evdr) vtto rod KtXt/co?. 4. rore Se a/xa 
 
 j ^p WW^ KTJpdKa^ eVe/xi/ze Trept o-ttoi/Swi/. 5. eV Se t^ 
 
 €19 TO irehiov da^oXfj rerayfiepoL elcrl twp KlXikcdv <j>^XaKe<;. 
 
 6. dXX' eV /xeW2 i^^ej, toG Trora/ioO /cat 7^9 8twpt;xo9. 
 
 7. ot ya/) TofoVat rou9 /cXw7ra9 i^ioi^av. 8. to 8e evcu- 
 I'u/xoi/ T179 </)aXayyo9 avrw^/ Trapa rw 7rora/AW ^j;. 9. Tor9 
 yap @paf i 7roXepto9 ^j^. 10. erre{)6>ei. eVopevoi^ro eVt tt^v 
 Stwpuxcf y€(jivpaL S' inrja-ap. 
 
62 
 
 LABIAL AND PALATAL MUTE STEMS. 
 
 247. 1. This thief was dishonored. 2. The Cilicians have 
 horses. 3. He sent Thraeians (as) gnards. 4. The heavy- 
 armed men had l.rea.ipiates. 5. The canal is long and narrow, 
 and upon it is a bridge. 
 
 XOTKS ^at dnyhreak (literally at the same time with the flay) The 
 
 dative IS used with words implying umon (804). — 2 iv ^/<ra,: hetwee,,. 
 
 248. The Troops are forced to halt at the Cilician Pass. 
 
 iK Se Tvpiaiov eftXauVet 7rpo<; AaVa. Kal XvKdovidv 
 hLTfpTTadav ol o-rpaTLwraL- noKefXid yap avrw ^u. iu 
 Se AaVot? /xeVet 6 Kvpo? Vf^epd^ rpel^s, Kal ^diroKTetv^i 
 Meya<f>4pvr)v, ^oivIkkjtt^v f^aaiXeiov ine/SovXeve yap 
 6 avrw. ^ ivTevdev elcre/SaXXou ei? ttjp KtAi/ctdi^ • oj 8f 
 etV^o^ ^p 6Sb^ a>a^-tT09, opOid Kal aTeuyj • iXdyero 8^ 
 Kal Xv€j^p€(TL<; o KtXtf ehai inl twv aKpcov, (jyvXaTTcop rrfu 
 elo-fioXijv. Sta TovTo efxevop rjfxepdp iv rw TreStoi- 
 
 XoTES 1. Study the route ou the map. _ 5. clWPaXXov : the^f tried 
 
 to enter, imperfect of «'o-/?AAa>, expressing attempted action. — G. dniaMs : 
 cf. dfxa^a. — 7. <|>v\dTT«v : (juarding, present participle active. 
 
 No, 18. ttAtt/. 
 
 |.^. 
 
LIN a UAL MUTK STEMS. 
 
 63 
 
 ians have 
 lie lieiivy- 
 d iiairow, 
 
 fill/). The 
 'ween. 
 
 VKaoviav 
 
 TjV. ^V 
 TTOKTCLVeL 
 
 eve yap 
 t' • 77 Sf 
 eyeTo Se 
 
 ^T(t)P TTjV 
 
 they tried 
 cifia^iTds : 
 
 LESSON XXVI. 
 
 Lingual Mute Stems of the Consonant Declension. 
 
 • ii4J). Learn tlie declension of vv|, riiyhf, dcrms, shield, 
 opvis, binf, Y^'pwv, old mmi, ;nid apfia, chariot, in 744. 
 
 250. In the nominative singular and dative plural of the first three 
 nouns the final lingual (t 8 0) of the stem is dropi-Hl before s. vv'^ there- 
 fore stands for vv/cr-s, vvk-s, ks beccjuiing $. So vv/cr-o-i, vvK-ai, vv^i'. 
 
 251. ^J'he fourtii noun ye>(ov rejects «r in the nominative, and length- 
 ens o to ca. Fmal t is dropped, since this letter cannot stand at the end of 
 a word. In the dative plural both v and t are dropped before o-, and o is 
 lengthen -d to ov. 
 
 252. In the accusative singular most masculines and feminines add a 
 to ronsonant stems, but nouns in is, except oxvtones (25), drop the final 
 T 8 e of the stem and add v. Thus 6pyU (stem dpvlO), 6pvlv; but danc,, 
 oxytone (stem da-TriO), dairtSa. 
 
 25.3. The vocative singular of most masculines and feminines with 
 mute hiems is like the nominative, but the vocative singular of stems in 
 18, and of those in vt except of oxy tones, is the mere stei. Final 8 or t 
 is dropped, since aeither of these letters can stand at th end of a word. 
 Thus, vocative dcriri, yipov. 
 
 254. The nominative, accusative, and vocative singular of nputers 
 such as 5.ppa, are the simple stem. Final t is dropped. In the aative 
 pluT- il T is dropped before «r. 
 
 255. VOCABULARY. 
 
 opuo, aros, r6, chariot. No. 26. 
 d«nr£s, ibos, ij, shield. No. 34. 
 yipav, ovTOi, 6, old man. 
 tXir^s, Idoi. v, hope. 
 vtKT], Tjy, 7), victory. 
 vv{, vvKTbi, i}, night. 
 
 6pvis, Wos, 6, 7]. ' ird. 
 
 o-Tdjia, aros, t6, m.^nth; of an army, van. 
 
 crrpdrcvua, aros, rh (cf. arparid, arpa- 
 
 T£ii-rt;j), army. 
 XApis, £T09, i], grace, fav ,-. gratitude; 
 
 xdpiv ^xw, be or feel grateful. 
 
64 
 
 Lisa UAL MUTK STKMS. 
 
 2r»<>. 1 . iv Se rah (TKiqvaU rjaav annrih^^. 2. cVrt Se 
 (TTpdrevfia WepaLKou iv rw Tra/aaSettrw. 3. rot? oui/ ^eot? 
 Xo.piv dxov TTJi; vIkt)^} 4. 7171^ y^vpav ravrrju \i\vKeu 6 
 o-aTpdnr]'; rrj^ pvkto^.'^ 5. tw Se ycpouTL tovtco €K€luol 
 TToXcfMLOL ^j-au. (>. inopevouTo 8e eiy^u? tVt to toO Trorct- 
 /xoC (TTOfxa. 7. crui^ rot? ^coi? KaXal rat (TTparevpLaTL cXttiSc? 
 cio-t vtKT]<;. 8. cV Se rat? otVtat? ijo-ai/ opplOt^. l). exo/ici/ 
 /cat oTrXa /cat dpfiara /cat t/cai^a ra eVtrrJSeta. 
 
 257. 1. We feci grateful to the old man. 2. At night they 
 ceased from battle.^ 3. Cyrus had twenty chariots. 4. The 
 bowmen shot birds and wild jisses in the plain. 5. The army 
 was cut to pieces by these barbarians. 
 
 NoTKS. — 1/"' I'icfon/, a .t^'cnitivo of cause (851). —2 Genitive of the 
 time within which (854). — » (kniitive of separation (849). 
 
 258. Cyrus reaches Tarsus, which the Troops destroy. 
 
 rrj 8' vo-TcpaCa rJKeu ayyeXo? Xeyojp otl Tret^euye SveV- 
 vea-LS. Kvpo^ ovv dvafiaivei inl rd r'xpa, ivrevdev Se 
 /caTa/3atVet et? TreStoi^ Kakov. Sta Se tovtov iXavuei 
 wapacrdyya^; irevre /cat euKocriv el<; Tapaovs, €v6a rjv 
 6 ^ao-tXeta. eV Se ttj vnep/BoXfj rfj ei? to ireSiov /care- 
 KOTT-qaav, oJ? Xeyerat, iKarov oTrXtrat tov Meucovo'; 
 o-rparev/iaros vtto tcjp KlXlkojv. ol Se aXXot eVet rJKov, 
 Tapaov^ ^t^rj pir aaav Sta tov oXeOpov tcop aTpaTLCDTOiv. 
 
 Notes. — 1. rfj v<rT€pa£«j : the next {day), vf^cpa being understood, a 
 dative of the time when (870)- — -Jr^'-Yc ; second perfect of ^cvyco, ^ee. 
 — 2. ava-Pa(vci : the verb /SaiVw means go. 
 
ADJECTIVES OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION. G5 
 
 . CCTTt Se 
 
 ov nOTCL- 
 . €)(OfJi€V 
 
 ight tliey 
 
 4. The 
 
 riio army 
 
 ive of the 
 
 ye SveV- 
 evdev 8e 
 
 evOa rjv 
 ov Kare- 
 
 yi€V(x)VO<S 
 
 ei rJKov^ 
 
 ITCOlf. 
 
 erstood, a 
 it;yco, Jlee. 
 
 LESSON XXVII. 
 
 Adjectives of the Consonant Declension. 
 2r>» . The fcmiiiino of Adjtintives of Uw, r nn^n.Hn.f Dechm- 
 
 A- DecluiiHJoii. Its iioininiitive singiihir ends in oT^sh^" 
 
 2<;(). I.eam tlio deolonsion of xa£i€is, </raaful, irds, all, and 
 CKcoy, wiUw^, in 752, and of tlie paiticii.lo \i5a)V, looZu/, in 754. 
 'i'hcso have stems in vt. "^ 
 
 2«1. The foiuiiiine of tliese adjectives ia declined like OdXarTa (()2). 
 
 202. The nominative singnlar masculine either ends in «, ])efore 
 whicli VT is dropped and the ].r..ce.ling vowel lengtliened (« to it and a 
 to a), or rejects s, like y^^cv (744). For the vocative singular nuisculine 
 ot ;(a/36ets and ckwj/, see 25)}. 
 
 tiiUi. In the dative plural masculine and neuter of xa/)t'ct9, € is not 
 lengtliened, although vt is dropped. ^,7, lacks the vocative singular and 
 the dual. Tlie forms TrdvTojv and ttSo-i are iiregular in accent (cf. 244). 
 
 2C$4. VOCAB 
 
 fi-iras, d-TTda-a, d-vav, all together, all. 
 
 €Kwv, owa, 6v, willing, of one's axon 
 accord; in the prod., ivillingly. 
 
 «Ti, adv., yet, still, longer. 
 
 ti'Stj, adv., already, now, forthwith. 
 
 0avndS« {davij-ab), eav|id<ro(ioi, I0av- 
 ftao-a, TcOavfiaKa, ^Oav)jid<r0T]v, won- 
 der at, admire, wonder. 
 
 ovK-^Tt, adv., no longer. 
 
 ULARV. 
 
 iros, Tracra, irdv {cf. trivv), all, entire. 
 <rT6Xos, ov, 6, armed force, expedition. 
 o-vv-dyu, bring together, collect. 
 v(rT€pos, d, ov, later ; wrepov as adv., 
 
 later, afterwards. 
 XapUis, ecro-a, tv {cf x^pis), graceful, 
 
 accomidished, clever. 
 XP^fia, aros, t6, something one uses • 
 plur., things, money. 
 
66 
 
 ADJECTIVES OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION. 
 
 ¥■ 
 
 ^265. 1. oj^et i^cov nap to o-Tpdrevfia. 2. raOra 8e eXefe 
 Traai' ror? o-rpancorats. 3. ot Se oTrXrrat aVai/re? ';^(7ai/ 
 /xvptot /cat^x^'^to'- 4. 6 pedvCds xaptei? cVrt. 5. vo-repov Se 
 XPVlidTa iTrefxxjjep cKchv iravTi rw Grrparev/Ltan. 6. et? Se roi/. 
 irapaSeicrop iTL avpayeu ttolp to (TTpaTevfia. 7. at cnrovhai 
 d(TL KoX To2s aXXois aTTdo-LP. 8. a-TpaT-qyos yjSr) ^p 6 Kv/jos 
 TraVro)!/ rwi/ eV ra5 ireBCcp /Sapfidpcjp. 9. dXXct, c3 KXeapxe, 
 ovK€TL^ TTopeva-ofxeOa iKoPTe^ crvp Kvpco. 10. TraVre? yap 
 OavfxdaroPTai tovtop top (ttoKop. 
 
 266. 1. Everything has been done by the generals. 2. All 
 the soldiers were proceeding willingly. 3. The gifts of the 
 satrap were all beautiful. 4. Afterwards all the guards were 
 drawn up. 5. The entire army proceeded through the plain 
 twenty-five parasangs. 
 
 Note. — i Tras and aTras generally have the predicate position (813). 
 267. The Troops refuse to advance. 
 
 ipTavOa fiepei Kvpo^ /cat y cTTpaTia r}fxepd<; €lko(tlp. ol 
 yap o-rpartwrat ovKiTi rfOekop iropeveaOai • vncoirTcvop 
 yap ^St) inl 'ApTa^€p^r)p top cttoXop eWt. Trpwro? Se 
 KXeapxo^ rov<s avTov (TTpaTiuyrd<; eKeXeve TTopeveo-Oat ■ 
 5 ol Se avTOi^ re i^aXXop Kal ra vTroCvyia tol tKeCpov. 
 va-Tepop Se avpijyaye Toifs crTpaTiayrd<;, Kal irp^Top fih 
 iBaKpdep ' ol Se iOavp^alop • eira 8e eXefe raSe. 
 
 Notes.— 2. •fjecXov: imperfect of e^cAw. — W«iirTcvov : imperfect of 
 VTroTTTcvo). — 3. elvai: translate, that it was, etc. Cf. 191, 3.-4. airofi; 
 of himself, his otm. — 5. oiU: bufthey. Cf. 238, 2. 
 
 '•I 
 
ON. 
 
 8e eXefe 
 res 'qa-av 
 TTcpov Be 
 :(.9 oe TOP. 
 cnrovhai 
 6 Kv/jos 
 K^Xeapxe, 
 ^re? yap 
 
 2. All 
 s of the 
 rds were 
 :lie plain 
 
 (813). 
 
 CONTRACT VERBS IN a(o IN THE INDICATIVE. 
 
 67 
 
 (iiTTTevOV 
 (OTO<? Se 
 
 vecrOai • 
 tKeCvov. 
 TOP fiev 
 
 erfect of 
 
 i. auToii ; 
 
 LESSON XXVIII. 
 
 Contract Verbs in aw in the Indicative. 
 
 268. Two successive vowels, o r a vowel an(lj i^fHp}if}.nng., 
 with in a word, may be" united by CoNTKACTm v in a^single 
 long vowel or a diphthon p-. 
 
 269. Verbs in aw, €«^ and oco^ contract the final a, €, o of 
 the verb stem with the followii^ vowel or diphtholl^ in the 
 present and imperfect. 
 
 270. Learn the conjugation of the present and imperfect 
 indicative active, middle, and passive of Tijide), hoiior, in 781. 
 
 271. Observe that 
 
 (1) a + o, ou, or(o = a); a + €:=:a; a + €t = qi. 
 
 272. A contracted syllable is accented if either of the 
 original syllables had an accent. A contracted penult or 
 antepenult is accented regularly (21, 22). A contracted final 
 syllable is circumflexed ; but if the original word was oxytone 
 (25), the acute is retained. 
 
 273. A verb is called a vowel verb, n. rnute verb, ora 
 liUid±mh^ according to the final letter of its stem. This may 
 be a vowel, a mute, or a liquid (X |jl v p). 
 
 274. Most stems ending in a short vowel lengthen this 
 vowel in all tenses except the present and imperfect, a or € 
 to 7], and to (0 ; but a after €, i, or p generally becomes a. 
 
 Thus, rifidco, Tlfiijcrco, irt/xrjaa, rert^ica, rert/JLtf^ai, irlfi^0r,j;. 
 
68 
 
 CONTRACT VERBS IN ao) IN THE INDICATIVE. 
 
 275. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 i n 
 
 Podio, Po^<ro|Aai., l^r\<ra, shout, call out, 
 
 cry out 
 cl, conj., if, xohether (a proclitic). 
 cpwrdw, ^pwTi]<r(i>, e<c., cwfc a question, 
 
 inquire. 
 viKdtt, viK^ao), etc. (c/. j/kij), conquer, 
 
 surpass, be victorious. 
 
 gcvo(|>Mv, (Sj/tos, 6, Xenophon, an 
 Athenian, author of the Anabasis. 
 
 6p(i.dM, 6p|i^(r(i>, ete., set in motion, 
 rush; mid., set out or forth, start. 
 
 iroXXdKis, adv., ofte^i, frequently. 
 
 Tip.d«, Tin^a-d), etc. {cf. d-Ti/xdi^u), value, 
 esttem, honor. 
 
 276. 1. ivlKare tov^ fxera Kvpov (f)v\aKa<;. 2. plKcofi€0a 
 VTTO T(ov KlXlkcov. 3. 6 Sc B€vo(l)(ov avTOP rjpuyrd, " Tt {why) 
 fioa^; 4. Ki)/)09 Se (opfjiaTO dno Trjq KcofjLjjf; Trjq vvkto<;^ 
 fieta Bevo^Q)vro<;. 5. ol dfi(j)l Kvpov Xeyovcnu on tol Trdvra^ 
 PLKcoo-i. 6. Kvpo? KXcapxop TroXXct^ts ireTlfJLrjKei' 7rdvTa<s 
 yap Toifq dyadov? els iroXcpiov ijifxa. 7. ipayra el kol toI<; 
 aX\ot9 arpaTiarraLS at (nrovSai elcnv. 8. ovrot ot (TTpaTiw- 
 Tat eviK(i)v Tovs %paKas. 9. eV rot? Uepaais ol yepovres 
 Tlp,(ovTai. 10-. /cat ei/^i>5 rw KXeap;)^a> efiod dyeiv to arpd- 
 TevjJia /caret fieo-ov to^ t(ov iroXefiLcov. 
 
 277. 1. He conquers the enemy. 2. And he honored the 
 general with other gifts.* eS. But the soldiers were shouting 
 to the guards to stop, 4. This man asks whether you admire 
 the army. 5. When Cyrus set out,^ I proceeded ^ at once to 
 Phrygia. 
 
 Notes. — 1 Genitive of the time within which (854). — 2 Adverbial accusa- 
 tive (835), are completely victorious.—^ Note the position of the article (812). 
 — * Use the dative (866) ^ u»e the imperfect. 
 
 VfJt, 
 
 by 
 
 I 
 
READING LESSON. 
 
 69 
 
 278. 
 
 The Speech of Clearchus, and its Effect. 
 
 I' ai/S^e? (fellow) crr/DanJirat, ifiol feVo? iaTLP 6 Kvpos 
 
 /cat iroWdKLS ^Sry TeTlfjirjKe. /3ouXo/xat odi^ o-vfxwopf^e- 
 
 a-OaL avrai. eVel Si D/xer? €>ol o^/c e6>eX€re ireiOeaeai, 
 
 iyy a-vv Vfxlu ^oiiai • ^/xet? ya/) e>ot eWe Kal <f>i\oi /cal 
 
 5 (TV/A/xa^ot." 
 
 ravra cXefci/. ot 8^ o-r/DarKSrat ol re auroO eVeiVov 
 /cat lI dWoL iiraivovcTi - irapa 8e r^p dWa^i/ (TTpaTrjym' 
 Sto-xtXtot exo»/r€? ra OTrXa /cat ra (TK€vo(f>6pa (TTpaTone- 
 Sevo.raL wapa Kkcapxov. 
 
 Notes. — 1. Iw)(: dative of the first r,ersonal pronoun ivi!,, I (Latin 
 ego). For the case, see 862. _ 3. C^cts : you (plural), genitive T,^!hv, dative 
 mv, accusative v;i59. - 4. g^ojiat : future of eVo/xat, /.//««,. - -7. l,ratvovo-t • 
 by contraction for iiratviovai, from iiraivtw, praise. 
 
 No. 19. Greek Armor. 
 
70 CONTIiACT VmiBS IN eco AND oco IN THE INDICATIVE. 
 
 LESSON XXIX. 
 
 Contract Verbs in €co and oo) in the Indicative. 
 
 279. Learn the conjugation of the present and imperfect 
 indicative active, middle, and passive of iroUo), do, make, in 782, 
 and of 8T]Xd(o, manifest, in 783. 
 
 280. Observe that 
 
 (2) €-f-a)z=(o; € + ooroU:^OV; € + €0r€t=€l. 
 
 281. Observe also that 
 
 (3) o+(o = a); o + o, €, or ou = ov ; o -f- €i =r oi. 
 
 a. Review the rule for accent in 272. 
 
 282. 
 
 d8iK^«, d8iK^o-«, etc. {cf. AdiKos), be 
 unjust, do wrong, wrong, injure. 
 
 &-81KOS, ov (d neg. 4- SIky)), unjust. 
 
 opx«v, ovToi, 6 (cf. &pxu), ruler, com- 
 mander. 
 
 8t|\6(», 8t]X«ora), etc., make clear, show, 
 manifest. 
 
 'EXXds, ddos, T) {cf. 'E\\t)vik6s), Greece. 
 
 KOK«3s {cf. KaK6i), adv., badly, ill. 
 
 Ko\«to), KaX«, ^HtAXeo-a, K^KXtjKa, 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 K^KXrifxai, ^KXVjeriv, call, summon, 
 
 name. 
 8ti, conj., that, because, since. 
 iroUw, iroiVja-w, etc., do, make; KaKws 
 
 TToUu), treat badly, harm, injure, 
 
 ravage. 
 iroXcfi^w, iroX«nV«, etc. {cf irdXe^os), 
 
 war, make war, fight. 
 4>i\i<a, <J)iX^<r«, €<|>(XTi<ra, ir«<|)£XT|(iai, 
 
 4<J>iXyjGt]v {cf. 0/\os, <pi\m), love. 
 
 ^ 283. 1. 6 Se TTora/xo? KaXelraL MaiapSpos. 2. 6 Se 
 dpx<ou cVoXe'/tei dSiKou Tro'Xe/xo^.i 3. rov^ Kipov ^Ckov<; 
 KaKw<; TTotare. 4. ror^rov^; y^p rovs apxovra^ ol cTrpariwrai 
 
 10 
 
'ATIVE. 
 
 inperfect 
 
 e, in 782, 
 
 = €1. 
 
 01. 
 
 summon, 
 
 te; KaKus 
 , injure, 
 
 E4>(\T||iai, 
 
 love. 
 
 I. o oe 
 (f)ikov<s 
 
 T.J>ofio. nocovcrc rol, i^^o., rfj Kpavyrj.^ 8. WX.^ S^ 5 
 Kv/,0, ,,,^d,j- HS.VOV. ro^ £.epo.no.;" 9. S^Xo? S^ Sn 
 anopou .a-n^ ay«^ ri <Trpdrev^.a et, r^ 'EXXaSa. 10. in^p 
 r7?9 EXXaSos eVoXe^ov,. ^.ra rSu a"XX«^ • .Vei 8^ KCpo, 
 eKoXci, enopfvonrji- vpo^ avrov. 
 
 284. 1. Are the other sokliei's doing this? 2. The bar 
 banans are wronged by the guards. 3. You love these more" 
 ban you love) the others. 4. The Thracians are wronghg 
 the alhes. 5. They ask whether you were calling the bowmen^ 
 Notes. - ■ A cogmie accusative (833). _ ' Dative of meam (806). 
 -•Sr,. Cyrus is perplexed, but states his professed Purpose. 
 
 Kvpo, S^^^ere^eV^ero rou KXiapxo,- 6 8^ Uuac ^ku 
 ovK r,deU, Xadpa. Se tS,v crrpan^orS,,. irdpTro^v ai™ ayy.Xo^ 
 «Xeye dappelv. ' ' ' 
 
 ^ ixera 8^ raCra ^„rjyaye roi, arparidni^ koX Sr,Xol 
 
 6 or, anopo^ean ^.'^.,, nop,^ea0a. d, rr,u 'EXXaSa aV„ 
 
 ™. c..r„8a..- ^ d dyop^ ^, ,v ™ /3a/>;8ap«o; arpar..^ 
 
 Man. 01 8 epc.™,T. Kvpo„ d i, 6oo, p.aKpi. eVn^- 6 8' 
 
 a^o^pt^cra, (««««,.,) «"„ 'A^^oKo^a^ c^^^^. cl^o eVJ 
 
 10 TTOpevia-rtox. 
 
 NoiK.,. _ Uvai : ,„ ,„ (to fo-m), present infinitive of c?„, „„ 
 
 on « J ,tL ■ .^T '• '""'"'' '■ ''y ^"■"'^""''n for «W«.v, and depe. lent 
 
 ««^';/^;38V ;'fr''T"*"-*- ^'^^"^'^ <■/ 207,0.-7. .iw, 
 
 y. ..38, i. _ 8. <x«P05 Aviip : a ,„„„ (who i, Im) enm„j. 
 
!l J 
 
 72 
 
 CONTRACT NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. 
 
 LESSON XXX. 
 
 Contract Nouns and Adjectives of the Vowel Declension. 
 28(5. Most adjectivefc! in cos and cos suffer contraction. 
 
 287. Learn the declension of XRvo"©!)?, golden, dirXoOs, 
 simple, sincere, and dpYvpovs, of silver, in 751. 
 
 288. Tliese adjectives, in their contracted forms (which alone occur in 
 Attic Greek), differ from d-ya06s and afios (750) only in the following 
 particulars : (1) they have o9s and ovv for os and ov ; (2) no distinct 
 vocative forms occur ; (3) they circumflex the final syllable throughout, 
 except in the nominative and accusative masculine and neuter dual. 
 
 289. Compound adjectives in oo*; are of two terminations (130) and 
 keep the accent on the same syllable as in the contracted nominative siuLniiar. 
 as (tvvoos) ciJvovs, {cvvoov) cvvowv, well-disposed, genitive (ivvoov) tvvov, etc. 
 
 290. Some contract nouns are declined like the adjectives 
 in 287. 
 
 291. Learn the declension of vovs, mind, \Lvd, mina, and 
 ■y^, earth, in 742. 
 
 292. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 dKivdKT]s, ou, 6, Hhort sword. No. 11. 
 dirXoOs, Tj, ovp, simple., sincere. 
 dpYvpovs', a, ovv, of silver, silver. 
 y% 7^y, T], earth, ground, land. 
 tKacTTos, 77, ov, each, every. 
 s{j-vfi"jf J aui' (f>^' -f- I'oOv), )ceU-di°'oosed 
 
 H-vd, fivcis, ij, mina = $18.00. 
 
 vovs, vov, 6, mini; cV f^) ex", have in 
 
 mind intend. 
 o-TptTTos, ou, 6, necklace, collar. No. 21. 
 XaXKovs, rj, oOv, of bronze, bronze. 
 Xpvuo-Ds, §, ovif, of gold, gold. 
 
 8. 
 
CONTUACT NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. 73 
 
 ^203 1. eS,.o. 8^ Ktpo> ol ip^ovri, el,r,„. 2. ^.CXoc, 
 ev.oc, Kvpo, ;r.<.r^, ,V. 3. „v\oC, ^. 6 roC ,^Aa«o, 
 
 Wo. f- ra S. SS,pa ^.a. .rpenrol ^pi^ol 5. KCpo, 
 oTrXtrg e«a<rra, ^e>,/,a neure ^m9. 6. n' («./.«Q i„ ,^ 
 ^X^rt; 7. rdre eV r^ yg ^p^^^ ^^.^^ „r^„^ ^^^ ^.^ ^^ 
 ^aXarri,. 8. al Si neXra. xaX^al ,Va.. 9. Si>pa 8' „iri 
 e«-e;.^a/.e. <Trpe.r6. x/'-croO. .„t <!«,>„',,. dpyr.poC 
 10. ..oXe^« row e^^fl' .al ^ard y^. «ai .ard 0oi\arra.. 
 
 204 1. Each of the heralds has five mina.. 2. Cyrus sent 
 
 ute.ul? 4 1. or Cyrus liad a short sword of gold. 5. The 
 other generals are well-disposed to Xeuophou. 
 Note.-' tvith Ihe Thraciam. For the case, see 864. 
 
 2»5. Cyrus promises additional Pay. Syennesis becomes friendly. 
 
 I^l%-£anW^TO!^ oV aV« ^ph, 'Apra- 
 
 i^piV, o^cos Se tTTO^Tat. TT/^ocraiToCo-t Si p.ccr06p. 6 Si 
 
 Kvpoj ,W.<rx^«r„t «aa™ <rrpan<irg d^rl 8a>««oi) rpca 
 
 ^^.8a^e«a- on Se^ eVi ro. dSeX<t>6u eV .^' /;^.« nope^Jff^ 
 
 6 e^rav^a a«ou« oiSet? (noMi,) cV ye .^(3 ^a.-epcS 
 
 eV 8^^ Tap<ror5 2ueV«<rc5 ^^^ e'Sco^' (gave) Kipa, vpW- 
 /.ara «s r,. arparc^., KCpo. 8f i.eiuo. 'U^ou ^al orpc- 
 JTTO^ Xpva-ovu Kal ^e'Xta «al aKt>aV,,,. XP^<^ovv. 
 
 Notes. -1. rot, o^parLira.,: dative of ;,os.,mor (862), the .oMier, hav. 
 thetr m,/„cwm, i.e. Ihcu .™,,/«rt. _ .1 rp!.: Latin /n„ 1 ™«.'°'*«" *a!"^ 
 equals Latin .,.-,„,■- „ ;; .'..-._'. t"" '""---J- 1p8ap..K4 : ^^.. 
 
 8. +<W , for a picture of the ^Aco., amfc,, see No. 89. 
 
mfmd^^-A.:,i>st^- 
 
 74 DEPONENT VERBS. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 LESSON XXXI. 
 
 Deponent Verbs. Conditional Sentences. 
 
 296. Review the indicative of Xvco in 705-770, and of the 
 perfect and pluperfect indicative middle and passive of mute 
 verbs in 775-777. 
 
 297. Majix_m:bs^alled Deponent Verbs , have no active 
 voice ^t are used in the middle oiMn the mi ddle and passive 
 in jji_active seiise. 
 
 298. In most deponent verbs the principal parts are the present, future 
 aorist, and perfect of the indicative middle. These are cnWed'middle depo- 
 nents. Thus, (lY^o^ai, lead, condurf, -rivVoixai, tiYT](rdHiT]v, iiYT](itti. 
 
 299. A few deponent verbs have the aorist passive instead of the 
 aorist middle. Those are called passive deponents. Thus, PovXonoi, will, 
 tvish, povX^(ro|iai, pcpovXTjjiai, 4pouX^0tjv. 
 
 300. Some verbs which have active forms are nevertheless used almost 
 exclusively in the middle, or mid.lle and passive, and practically become 
 deponent.-, as ,i€ToWjxTro|xai and crvo-rpoTtvo^ai, used as middle deponents, 
 and iropcvonai, as a passive deponent. See 178. 
 
 301. In conditional sentences the clause containing the con- 
 dition is called the protasis, and that containing the conclusion 
 is called the apodosis. The protasis is introduced by some form 
 of €1, if. 
 
 302. The supposition contained in a protasis may be either 
 particMlar or gei^al. A particular ^supposition refers to a 
 definite act supposed to occuTJiTrd^fimtrtim? A general 
 supposijtipn refers indefinitely to any act, which may be sup-' 
 posed to occur at any time. 
 
of the 
 ■ mute 
 
 active 
 lassive 
 
 future, 
 e depo- 
 
 of the 
 It, will, 
 
 almost 
 )ecoine 
 3nents, 
 
 3 con- V 
 usion 
 form 
 
 iither 
 
 to a 
 neral 
 
 sup- 
 
 \ 
 
 DEPONENT VERBS. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 75 
 
 303. The negative of the protasis is regularly jii^, that of I 
 the apodosis is ov. "• I 
 
 304. 1 €l irp^TTci TovTo, KaXcos €X€i, if he is doing this, it 
 18 welt, 81 hocfacit, bene est. 
 
 2. €l €7rpa|€ toOto, KaXcos c'xo., {/' /,, did this, it is well, ' 
 St hoc feat, bene est. 
 
 The protasis here has the indicative ; it states a particular supposition 
 in the prese- or past, and in.plies nothing as to its fulfiln.ent. The 
 apodosis ha i . verb in the present indicative, but it n.av have any forn. 
 ot the verb demanded by the tiiought. ' 
 
 . ^^^' ^^^^ the protasis mn^^l^ dates a present or past • 
 pai-ticular sup position, imt)lving n othi.ur as to the fulfilment / 
 ^^ -tjie condition, it has the indir^n.tiv. .vUb ^l. Any form of " / 
 the verb may stand in the apodosis. 
 
 306. 1. d cirpalc tovto, KaXcos av €(rx€V, if he had done 
 this. It would have been ivell, si hoefeci^set, bene fuisset 
 
 2. €l i'TTpSTTC TovTo, KaXcos CIV ctx^v, if he ivere {now) doing 
 this. It tvould be well, si hoc faceret, bene essct; or, as in 306, 1, 
 if he had done this, it woidd have been well. 
 
 ^ The protasis in these examples has a secondary tense of the indicative • 
 It states a supposition in the present or past, and in.plies that the condition 
 IS not, or rvas not fulfilled. The apodosis has a secondary tense of the 
 indicative with av. 
 
 tiqn^mplying t hat tli ^eondition is not, or wmjiot fulfilled] 
 the secondary tenses .of,t!]e.. indicative are used in both protasis' 
 and apodosis. The apodo sis has the adverb avT" "^ 
 
 2. The imperfect here refers to present time or to an act 
 a^ going on or repeated in past timii (of. S06, 2), the aorist to a 
 simple occurrence in past tim.e. 
 
 \ 
 
76 
 
 llii: 
 
 DEPONENT VERBS. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 308. 
 
 dir-dY(i>, lead away or back, 
 
 Poii\o)iiai, PovX^o-Ofjiai, P€PovXT])i.ai, 
 
 ^PovX^Ot^v, will, wish, desire. 
 TJ-y^ofiiai, TJ-yi^o-ofiiai, r\'>/r\<r6ni,r\v, r\yr]\i.ai 
 
 {<•/. <l7w), lead the way, lead, guide, 
 conduct. 
 KaXus {cf. Ka\6s), adv., beautifully, 
 bravely, finely, success/idly, well; 
 KttXws exet, it is well. 
 
 |i^, adv., not. 
 
 ir(ipdo|iai, ircip]((ro|iai, ir<ir«CpS|iai, 
 
 iirtipiQr\v (274), try, attempt. 
 •trp^TT<a{Trpay), irpd|(o, cirpa^a, ir^irpa'ya 
 
 and TT^irpaxa, ir(irpa-y|iai, iirp&\Oi\v, 
 
 do, act, accomplish. 
 Xpdoftoi, xp^o-ofiai, ixpr\<r6nLr\v, K(\pi\- 
 
 (jiai {cf. xpvf^a), use, make use of, 
 
 employ. 
 
 30J). 1. Kupo9 Tols tTTTTOts^ Ka\(os ixpyjcTaTO. 2. ct 
 TavTa iirpd^av, KaXojs ecrx^v- 3. el ravra inpd^av, /caXois 
 au ecrxeu. 4. aepo(f)(oi' iftovXero [xeTa T(ov dWcov iropev- 
 eo-dai. 5. T&> crr/oarev/iaTt^ rjyiqTai els to TrehCov. 6. e^ov- 
 XtJOt] nefiTreLv dno tov a-TOfxaTOS OTrXtrd?. 7. roi^ Se 
 o-rpaTiqyop i-rreLpdro ireiOeiv. 8. et iir) ySovXerat Kkeapxos 
 avTovs oLTrdyeiv, dWoi cTTpaTiqyol rjyyja-ovTaL. 9. ivopeveTo 
 dv em Tous noXefiLovs, el arpdrevfia elx^p. 10. aW ct 
 /SovXovTau crvv tol<; dXXotq TTOpeveadai eis T7)v 'EXXctSa, 
 TjKeiv KeXevei avrovs ttJs vvktos- 
 
 310. 1. If he has the money, he will send (it) to the army. 
 2. He attempted to cut the enemy's army to pieces in the 
 night. 3. If this is so,^ I will lead the troops at once to the 
 stronghold. 4. He would not have done this, if I had not 
 bidden him. 5. He wished to dismiss all the guards. 
 
 Notes. — ^ xP'^o/*"'* "*"^ (serve oneself hy) takes the dative of means (866). 
 
 Cf. Latin ulor with the ablative ^ Dative of advantage (861). — » ovToi^ 
 
 exu. 
 
s. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE ACTl 
 
 i i 
 
 (ir<CpS)iai, 
 I, ir^irpS^a 
 
 'ce use of, 
 
 2. €i 
 
 , Ka\(x)<s 
 TTopev- 
 . i^ov- 
 Tov Se 
 eapxos 
 opevero 
 dW ct 
 
 e army, 
 in the 
 to the 
 
 lad not 
 
 ns (866). 
 
 -'» OVT 0)<i 
 
 311. Arrival of the Fleet at Issus with Reinforcements. 
 
 ivT€v6€i efeXauVet araOfiovq irevTe irapudd'^ ^ d? rpia- 
 Kovra € 'T( J?. ivravOa fxepovcrLv rifxepd^ rpels • Kal 
 Kvpu) nu ijcrav at e/c UeXonopprjo-ov uije^ TpiaKovra Kal 
 irivT^ KoX in aurat? vavapxos UWayopd^; AaKeSaifjioPLo^. 
 5 U.I Bk p^€^ olpfiow napa Trjv Kvpov o-ktjptJp. napijp 8e Kal 
 X€LpLaro(f>o^ Aa/ceSat/AoVto9, p^eTanefnTTo^ {,7ro Kvpov, eWa- 
 Koa-Lovs €X(op onXiTdq - tovtcov io-rpaTrjyei napa Kvpa,. 
 
 Notes. — 3 rjis: noiuinative plural of mSs. Cf. Latin nCiues. — 
 
 4. airais: refers to v^cs, whicii ^s feminine. — vavopxos: vavs + apxo>. - 
 
 5. «p^o«v: see opfxU — G. K^T-^ircHirTos: verbal adjective from /xcTa7re>7ro/xat. 
 — 7. io-TpaT^Y*^ : c/: arparriyoi. The genitive follows (TTparriyeu) (847). 
 
 LESSON XXXII. 
 
 Subjunctive Active. Vivid Future Conditions. 
 
 ^*^- Qlll:Lthe present, aorist, and pprf ect tense s occur in 
 the subjunctive . T hej)erfect is rare. 
 
 313. The time expressed by the present and aorist subjunctive is gener- 
 ally future, the present expressing the action as fjoing on or repeated, the 
 aorist expressing simply its occurrence, as kkv K«\^tl, If he shall he hirulerinn 
 or If he shall Under (habitually), but .^v kcuX^tt,, simply if he shall hinder. ' 
 
 314. Learn the conjugation of the subjunctive active of \tco 
 in 7G5 (Xvco), 767 (Xucro)), and 768 (XcUko)). 
 
 316. The subjunctive has the long vowel « or i, in place of the final 
 vowels o or c and a of the tense suffixes found in the indicative (138, 140 
 148). The form is « before ^ or v in the personal endings, elsewhere i,' 
 Uie subjunctive uses the endings of the primary tenses (136). 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
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 ^. 
 
 Q- 
 
 
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 WJi 
 
 
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 I.I 
 
 IfflllM 112.5 
 L^ 1^ 12.0 
 
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 V] 
 
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78 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 E'. a 
 
 310. ^^v irpaTTXi (or Trpa|xi) tovto, Ka\(os €|€i, if he shall 
 
 do this {if he does this), it will be well, si hoc faciet, bene erit. 
 
 The protasis is liere introduced by iiv, if, and lias the subjunctive; 
 it states a supposed future case vividly. The apodosis has its verb in the 
 future indicative, but any other future fortn might occur. 
 
 
 317. When a supposed future case is stated distinctly 2,ndi 
 vividly (as in English, if I shall go, or if I yo), the protasis has 
 %J^'\ the subjunctive with lav, and the apodosis has the fut 
 1^ indicative or some other form of future time. • 
 
 ure 
 
 318. 
 
 diro-xwp^w, diro-x«pVw, etc. {cf. x^po-i 
 X^pi-ov), give place, go away, with- 
 draw. 
 
 Pao-iXcvcD, Pa<ri\€va-«, ipoo-CXtvca {cf. 
 /Saff/Xctwj), he king. 
 
 ki.v, by contraction av or t]v (et + Slv), 
 conj., ij, with subjunctive. 
 
 4|jiir6piov, 01), rb, trading place, empo- 
 rium. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 •irop-^X"> hold beside or near, furnish, 
 
 supply, give, cause. 
 iroXiopK^w, iro\iopK^<r(i), etc., hem in a 
 
 city, besiege. 
 irpoYna, aros, t6 (cf wpiTTw), deed, 
 
 thing, affair, difficulty; plur., affairs, 
 
 trouble. 
 u^(\ia, u^t\i\a-<a, etc., help, assist, 
 
 benefit. 
 
 319. 1. rjp Trapexcofiev dyopdv, If ere ra iTTLT-qSeia. 2. e'ai/ 
 fir} ravTa iroLyja-r), dSt/cr/cret. 3. rjp Se OLTTOXOjprjo-cjo-i, Kvpo<; 
 avToix; ov TlfxyjaeL. 4. iav (jyuXov 7roLyjo-r)q^ tovtop, a>(^e\>;(ret. 
 5. iav viKTJa-cofiev, ttjv X'^P^^ ov hiapirdaei. 6. idv ovv 
 TrefxxprjTe tovtov irpos Kvpov, nXola efere. 7. idu 8e /jlt) 
 nXola dyrj LKavd, rot? aWot? XPWOH'^^a. 8. idv Sk ol 
 KlXlk€s rrpayixara Trapexcoai, Kvpo<; nopeva-eTaL in avTov^. 
 9. idv VLKTJaro), ^ao-iXevo-co dvil tov dSeX(l)ov. 10. idv to 
 ilXTTopiov 7roXLopK7J(rr)<s, dTToxcopyja-ovcnv ol Kh>iKe<s. 
 
he shall 
 erit. 
 
 )junctive ; 
 )rb in the 
 
 ctly and 
 basis has 
 ! future 
 
 , furnish, 
 
 hem in a 
 
 fw), deed, 
 r., affairs, 
 
 0, assist, 
 
 2. iav 
 , Kvpos 
 
 av ovv 
 
 u 
 u 
 
 OL 
 
 i i. \ 
 
 €.av TO 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE ACTIVE. 79 
 
 320. 1. Tlie messenger sliall have ten minas, if he does 2 
 this. 2. If he does not collect an army, his hrother will be 
 king. 3. If we proceed to this height, those above the road^ 
 will withdraw. 4. If he does not collect hoplites, he will not 
 defeat his brother. 5. If we have troops and boats, we will 
 besiege the emporium by land and sea. 
 
 Notes 1 Verbs signifying to make may take a predicate accusative 
 (here ^.Aov) besides the object accusative (840). _ 2 ^^3^ the aorist- 
 
 " 01 VTTip Tijq 080V. 
 
 321. Safe Passage of the "Syrian Gateway." 
 
 ivrevOep efeXavVet inl TTv'Xd? r^? KtXt/cta? Kal rij^ 
 tvpCa,. ^crav hk a^rat Su'o re^xv, Kal rh txh nph 7^9 
 KtWt'ag rerxo? Xve'upecn^ el^e Kal KlXlkcov <f,vXaK7J, to S^ 
 npo Tij<; tvpids 'KpTa^p^ov iXiy^To cj^vXaK^ <t>vXdTTeiv. 
 5 8ta p^icTov hk To^^Tcov ^el 7roTap6,. Kal ^ 7ra>oSo9 ^^ 
 (TT€pi) Kal ra Te^xv et? t^jv ddXaTTav KaOiJKev. TavTd^ ra\ 
 TTv'Xa? o{jK ^riXaiep 'A^poK6pd,, dXX' inel aKo^.L Stl 
 Kvpo, iv KiXLKla icTTL, Trap^ 'ApTa^ip^y^v aTreXavVet. 
 
 Notes. -1. ^iiXas: the article is omitted, since the word is used almost 
 
 as a proper name. ~ 2. iio-ov ?mv mn^i^iprj r.f 1 ■ .- . 
 
 ^f .. ^ ^'^"'^- "^'^'^''''•''«^'^'«<^"/—T€txTi: nominative plural 
 
 of the neuter noun ra^o^, wall. - .pd : /nclnrj. __ 5. 8.A ^^o-ou : between. 
 
 No. 20. ipo^epii ^v i] fidxv. 
 
 / 
 
80 
 
 S UBJ UNC TI VE A C Tl VE. 
 
 X^' 
 
 Xnf- 
 
 LESSON XXXIII. 
 
 Subjunctive Active (coiitimuHl). Subjunctive in Exhortations 
 
 and in Final Clauses. 
 
 822. Learn Uio conjugation of the present subjunctive of 
 el^i, in 71)5. 
 
 323. 1. t6v I^vov Ti\Lr\(r(ii\iiVf let ns honor our guest. 
 
 2. |xii Xu<r(0|i€V Ttiv y<|>upav, let us not destroy the bridge, 
 
 lioth these sentences express exJiojMi<>n ; the verb in each is in the first 
 person plural of the subjunctive. If the ex hortati on is negative, |aV), not^ is 
 used. 
 
 324. The first person of tlie subjunctive (generally plural) is ) 
 used in exhortations. Its negative is jjiii. ' 
 
 325. 1. TT^v 'Y€<t>\)pav Xu(ro|ji€v, Iva (also ws or 8ir<os) tovs 
 iroXcfjLious KwXuo-coiJLCV, tve will destroy the bridge, that we may 
 check the enemy. 
 
 2. toOtov dird'yoiicv, tva |J.rj (also <bs iiij, or Sirws [iii, or 
 simply jiii) KttKws tovs <t)(Xous iroiiio'Tj, we are leading him 
 away, that he may not do our friends harm. 
 
 The subordinate clauses here express jmrpose and take the subjunctive ; 
 they are introduced by the final particle tva (also ws or 6'irws), that, in order 
 that, or, if negative, by iva nVj (also ws \k-I[, or 6'irci»s ^Vj, or simply |i^), that 
 not, in order that not. The verb of the principal clause is in a primary (50) 
 tense. 
 
 326. Clauses which denote purpose (or final clauses) are 
 introduced by the final particles tva, cbs, or (Jttws, and take the 
 subjunctive after primary tenses. The negative is liTJ. 
 
SUnjUNCTIVK ACTIVE. 
 
 81 
 
 tiortations 
 
 nctive of 
 
 brid(/e. 
 
 ill the first 
 , |iV), not, is 
 
 pllll 
 
 ;al) is I 
 
 (OS) TOVS 
 
 t we may 
 
 s 111], or 
 
 ling him 
 
 bjunctive ; 
 at, in order 
 ly |i^), that 
 niary (50) 
 
 Lises) are 
 take the 
 
 327. 
 
 olW«, olT^<r», etc., oak, ask for, 
 demand. 
 
 dKOiw, dKoOo-O^ai, j}K0V«rO, dK^KOO, 
 
 TJKoilo-etjv, hear, learn, hear of, give 
 heed to. 
 
 dTT-tXawvo., drive away; iiitmna., ride, 
 march, or go away 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 <X^\ofiai, TJXdetjv, drive; iiitrans., 
 
 drive, ride, march. 
 KcoXtfw, K«\tfo-«, etc., hinder, prevent, 
 
 check. 
 oiSi (0.5 + 50, ncg. conj., &u« no«, a„(i 
 
 not, nor yet, nor; as adv., not even, 
 
 not at all. 
 
 nfr '"^r' T'' """"■ "*"" '"^-"'*''" ™« '°»'"-. «"»"•»- 
 
 Ikere. ''«■ iim place, »+»Y«v, W+.„v«,yte, ™» ,„„„y,;te 
 
 «-• '/„ > ., . . ■'^""'' ■''''<•' """''' country, he m 
 
 328. 1. ix^ rovrov idao,^eu ,^evy«„. 2. ^duras <J.Ae\«^ 
 jevorat, ..a avry ^(Xo, ^Vc. 3. 8^ roS ^.8.ov e'Xa.We.. 
 
 ^a.a>, .oc^<ra,a... C. ii. S^ 6 .arpaV,, ^ irrl roi E^pirj, 
 -jrap^, a.eX<„ 7 ,V 8^ ^e^,, ,,.; ^pi,, ,^^, ^Zxl 
 <rop.ea. 8. o„8 i^, ravr' d.ov<rr,, -uy.aXcc roi,, .rpa- 
 n^as. 9. ,., K<.X.,a,/.e^ rh Kipov arpdrev^a d^.XavuL 
 
 321). l.Cy™ let us honor 3 our guest. 2. Let us besiege ' 
 
 «^e emponum both by land and by sea. 3. And let us send 
 
 with Xenophon^ the peltaste from the van. 4. What M) will 
 
 he soldie.. have, if they conquer ?» 5. He ealls the generals 
 
 together to persuade them to take the field with him. 
 
 'Cnmm' ^r.'r T'"^'"^ '" "■'^' '"'"' *"" "''J-"^' accusatives (838). _ 
 c/ M, 10. _« Use the aorist — ' Use the dative (865). 
 
82 
 
 It h: A DIN a iJ'.'s.soN. 
 
 ii 
 
 .'):<o. 
 
 Xcnins and Pnsion Desert. 
 
 o uttI to ^^otpior tnl t[) OaXdTTj)^ Kal oi/cctrttt vno <I>ot- 
 pIkiov. ivTavOa ix^uovaiu rjiicpd^ Ittto. • /cat Hc^'id? Kal 
 WdiTiuw ttXoIov Xa/S();Tts' ^at to. \py]fxaTa azroTrXcoixn, 
 f> ;^a\c7ratV(>;'re*; on Kp/)()s' tov \\\uip)(^iw eta rou? irrparut)- 
 Tct? avTunf €^tu>. Kr'/)os' St irvi^eKoiXuri tol"? iTTpaTrjyov^ 
 Kai tXt^'t racSe- " 'ATroXcXotVdcrtiv 7//xd? (hh) Hei^td? Kat 
 lld(ji(t»r. dXXd jxa tov^ (Uov^; ovk avTov^ Stw^w, ot»Se 
 auTou<? KaK(7)<; TnnyjaM.'' ot 8' ctXXot (rTpaTTfyol inel 
 10 7)Kovirap Tr]i> Kvpov dptTrjr, r;8eoi<; (rurcTTopeuoi'To. 
 
 Nt>ri':s. -2. olKirroi : \yAss'wc, is in/idliitct/. I. \ap6vT(S : liariiuj Uikviit 
 siH'ouil aorist. lU'livc purticiplf of Xafifjdvio, (Iccliiicd likci €K(i)»' (Ta'J), 
 Au/iuii', Ad/ioDiru, XajJoy, tir. - S. Ocou« : ju'cusativt* in a lu'gativo oatli (H;J7). 
 
 lu. 
 
 No. 21. Darius III. 
 
tiiiiuvNcnvh: Mihiiij^: and I'Assivic. 
 
 88 
 
 vno <I>ot- 
 
 DTrXcoixrt, 
 irrpaTLU)- 
 f)aT7)yov<; 
 (.vid^ KoX 
 o^(0y ot»Se 
 )yoL inel 
 (). 
 
 \riiui tdlcn, 
 Ku)v (752), 
 oatli (8117). 
 
 LESSON XXXIV. 
 
 Subjunctive Middle and Passive. Subjunctive after Verbs 
 
 of Fearing. 
 
 .•J.*n. Lcimi Mi(^ conjugal ion of M,(, Huhjiinctivc! middle, and 
 piissivi* oC X,%,, in 7(ir. (\6a)H.ai), 7<i7 (Xi5flr(0}iat), 7(i!» (XcXuui^vos S) 
 and 770 (Xue<S). ^' 
 
 ;j;W. Tlu, lo.iK vovvol ca „r », (;nr,) is „Hn,l aim, in (,|„. ,„i ,i,„i ,„i„. 
 
 siv. ,„ all Mh. t,.nH..,s. \Ud in U... u<.ris(. pussiv.. il, is ,n/,in/ (,„ U,„ (,,,,„„ str,,, 
 (I!'"), as \vOt-<o, \v6& (hy runiuu'Wuu). Tl.n Hul.j.HM.Iiv.. uses il,,. ,.,,,1. 
 .n«'s <.l l,h(. ,,n.n:u-y tmsrs (air,), |„.n, M,. ,Mi<Ml.. un.l jassiv, on.li„KH (17ro, 
 <'xc<'i,|, 111 (,|„. aorisl, passives vvIk-it the arfirr i'luWu^H uv.v.uv (l;{(|). 
 
 tmti. 1. 8^8oiKa lATi T^s V€<t>vpas Xuwcri, / J\ar that thy will 
 (IcHtroif the /u'idi/rH. 
 
 2. 6c6oiKa|i€v |iii ov iriaTol ^tc, ^/v J'rm- that you ivill not he 
 
 faithful. 
 
 Th.^ Hiil.onliiiui,, clause, wliid, oxprcsscs l.li., tiling f<"an.,l and is tho 
 ohjecl „r |,|„. h,uli.iK v.'i-l,, li.n, (ak.-s (,l„. s.il,j,ii„M,iv., ; it, is iiitnuluo..,! I,y 
 \^-f\.llmt or /.,s/ (Latin m), or if n,.^ativ.' hy hH, oi, that not (Latin ul). The 
 vtM-li wliicli ,|(. notes I'ear is in a, primary t(Mise. 
 
 ;i:U. jUtor verbs done ►tin^r /,>,,/., mutton, or dan<jtr^^r\, that [' ^__ 
 or Zlli\>tkoH tho sul)jnn(!tivo afU;r primary tonseM. 'IMie nmra- ^ 
 live form is jii] ov. " •-i^ 
 
 No. 22. Persian Daric. 
 
84 
 
 li 1 
 
 9\ 
 
 :.'! 
 
 i.ii 
 
 sriuuxdTiyit: Miinn.if! and iwssivk. 
 
 VOCAIIlll. AMY. 
 
 S^SoiKa, 11 pnf, with fort")' of prcM , anr. 
 I8«i(ra ((;/'. (Uji'(iv),./"i'(jr, ol' ii'iisoiialiUi 
 I'i'iir. 
 
 J(-a7rardw, J(-a7raT/j«rw, etc., dci'viiw 
 
 (/ro.s.s///, tiiinlf'itit. 
 47ri-K(v80vot, Of («;/". kIviMivos), idiUf/vroHH, 
 
 K(vSOvot, oil, t\ (fitniicr, pnil. 
 
 vo)i((u> (lotiii^), vo|AiA, <Yr'., nytmlf con 
 
 siller, tlunk. 
 o-irdw, ]l<riraira, JftriraKa, lo-Trao-)iai, 
 
 4(rird(rOT)v, ilniiiK 
 ""X"^^* '/<■ '/. Iiixiin-; iTyoXii, Hhiwli/.^ 
 
 i/>ojUf)/)i), fviijhU'n ; t'ominnnly pusH, 
 <l«'p., /»(• friij/ilrncd^ fmr^ of iiii- 
 rt'iusoiiing l\>iu*. 
 
 ■■t; 
 
 JUKI. 1. naxnrwiJLtOa, w </>t\fH, rauVr;*? 7^9 fJLdxr)<i.^ 
 
 2. trxo^'^ TToptvovrat, im /ir) 17 </>ttXayf ^Laanaa-Oy. 
 
 3. Ki)/)()s' roi^ (raTf)dn7)p (/)t\oi/" ou ro/Atct,' cai; eVl Ti)i' 
 apXT?'^ TTopeur/Tat cVct»/o?. I. ySow(rt TraVrc?, ti/a ot ttoXc- 
 /itot i^'aTr<iTr)OuHrL. T). ilm/SovvraL yap fjL-rj ov o (rarpaTTT]^ 
 Tov 7roXf/i,ot» Trauryrat. (5. r;/^ Se 7) yajwpa KvOjj, ol noXcfxioi, 
 dnoxcoprjiromn. 7. rj 8e X^'V^a 7ro\e/xtd C(rra' • eVtffiVSiJj^ot^ 
 o5t> tVraJ' 6a 1/ irop^viqiTlk 8t* aurr/?. S. ScSotKa /Lt>) cTTra- 
 (TT/rat TOV dKlvdKi]v. D. ^iVSuro? cVrt p.y) Trj<; vvKToq ol 
 noXcfiLOL nopevMVTat in avTov^. 
 
 11117. 1. I four (hat (lio salrsip will ho Hont. 2. Lot us 
 dolibonito about tliis. ll. Wo will (icslroy tlu« hvUl^o, (liat the 
 iMUMuy may not simkI for Iho pcltasts. i. I do not fear that 
 this man will W) made" sal rap. f). 'Phoro is no danger that 
 Cyrus will wish to pui-suo theso L»HMHMals. 
 
 NoTKs. — » A gonillvo of srpanUion (81!)). --'J A dative of ttwtiucr (Hm). 
 — » A pmiirntf urcusativo (810). — ■• Kuturo third sin.milar. -6 Tliiid sin- 
 gular of the future {iirofuu) of €t>i (for ^o-erai). - « IJ.so the aorist. 
 
ni'JADlNtj /./<;.s.sr;/V. 
 
 nyartt^ con- 
 
 l<rTrao-)iai, 
 
 kf), ulinolt/. 
 (rf. 0A//OJ, 
 noiily piiMH. 
 tn'y of iin- 
 
 em rriv 
 
 01 1To\i' 
 
 arpdm)^ 
 noXeixtoi 
 KLvhvpov 
 fjirj (Tnd- 
 vKTOf; oi 
 
 hot lis 
 
 Hint tlio 
 '(Mir (hut 
 igiir that 
 
 tier (HOO). 
 Third sin- 
 ist. 
 
 .1.18. 
 
 •^' 
 
 85 
 
 Advance to the Kuphratw. 
 
 /icm Tavra Kvpn^ c'ftXa.;Vet -naimirdyyai^ ctVorni/ 
 ijrl rhu XciKo, rrorafio,- i.i^aa. 8^ cV rr? 7rorau(? 
 
 ovK cto>/.. tcr^r/Voui. 8^ ol rrr/>aTta>rru eV rru^ lla/>mra- 
 A rt8o? KrVai9. eVrciVye^ c'fcXauVet cVl rcis' 7rr;y(i«; rof. 
 Aa>8aTo, TTora/xor;. eVra.Vya i;jrra,. ^SarrtXeux Kal napd- 
 8.uro? KaXos^ K,>os' <V avro, e^Konru Kal ra fia^rckua 
 KaraKau. lurevfku t'fcXauVet irraOfXiw^ rpeU eVl rhu 
 
 Vw<l}paT7)l/ TTOTtt/XoV. 
 
 NoTKs U. txeo., : ./,,sA, ,H.„m„...iv.. plnml of l^OiU, vn,, ,V 1. o«k 
 
 n.n.MM, fnm. M„.sn villaK-'s H,.,.,.Ii..,| I.,,,- wi(,|. ..,,1,. .nounv." -L 7. 'air^v 
 tlio j)ark, " 
 
 ^ummm, 
 
 No. 23. A Youthful Knight. 
 
86 
 
 COJ!^TliACT VEliBH IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE. 
 
 , "V 
 
 liil 
 
 LESSON XXXV. 
 
 Contract Verbs in the Subjunctive. 
 
 339. Learn the conjugation of the present su})junctive 
 active, middle, and passive of Tlfidco in 781, of iroicw in 78-J, 
 and of 5t]X6o> in 783. 
 
 340. Observe that 
 
 (1) a-\-itj=z<a; 
 
 (2) € -|- <o = (0 ; 
 
 (3) -j- « = « ; 
 
 0-fTl=:(o; 0+11 = 01. 
 
 341. VOCABULARY. 
 
 d-nox€C (d neg. +fidxv), adv., without Kar-d^w, bring back, restore. 
 
 fighting. Xoiir6s, ^, 6v {cf. Xelwu), remaining; 
 opY^ipiov, ou, t6 {cf. dpyvpovs), silver with the art., <Ae res^ 
 
 money, money. viv, adv., now, just now. 
 
 i9i\<a, l9cX^(ru, T|0<\T]o-a, TJ0AT)Ka, be irapa-KaX^u, call to one^s side, summon. 
 
 willing, wish. orvp,-iropcvofiai, accompany. ^ 
 
 2irop,ai (o-ctt), ;(»|/o|ioi, l<nr<Snt]v, follow, <j>vv4s, dSoy, 6 ((/. 0eih'w), fugitive, 
 
 accompany. exile. 
 
 342. 1. iav Se rou? crTpaTLc^dq dhiKr), ovk iOeXTJa-Ofxev 
 eneadaL. 2. (^o^ovvTai firj tov<; Kvpov ^iXou? ireipaa-de 
 KaKojq TTOielv. 3. eai^ Se toutov5 viKcofiev, 7rdvTe<; o^ovrai. 
 4. ipoTWfiev Tov dyyekov el to dpyvpiov ex^i. 5. (jyo/Belrai 
 fxr) TTeipwvTai KaTayeiv Tovq (^yyaSa?. 6.(eV t<^ (jiavep^") 
 Xjfet tVa TTcto-t St^Xoi ri (wAa^) eV v(^ ej^et. 7. eai/ to crrpoi- 
 
 m^ 
 
 
CONTRACT VEItns IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE. 
 
 87 
 
 ibjunctive 
 Eo) in 78-J, 
 
 remaining ; 
 
 le, summon, 
 1})} fugitive, 
 
 :\7](rOfX€V 
 
 jreLpaa-Oe 
 
 €(jjOVTaL. 
 TO (TTpd' 
 
 
 T€Vfxa airoxojpjj 7179 vvkt6<;, ^jjovTai ot noXcfitoL. 8. rjv Be 
 Toifs d\kov<s (TTpaTimd^ 7rapaKakrJT€, irupdaovTai TraWc? 
 dyadol ehat,} 9. -^p Sk Kvpo<; ea top KXeapxop toi;? aTpa- 
 TLcoTdq ix^Lp, ovK€TL orvfiTTopevo-oPTaL ol dWoL (TTpaTrjyoi 
 10. iap pvp Tov^ (^i\ov9 napaKaX^fxep, dpaxel ttjp XoLirrjp 
 oBop^ TTopeva-ofieOa. 
 
 343. 1. Let us ask Cyrus what he intends. 2. He fears 
 that the troops will demand their pay. 3. Let us set fortli, 
 soldiers, against these Cilicians. 4. With the lielp of« the 
 gods, let us conquer the enemy. 5. We fear that the soldiers 
 may wrong our allies. 
 
 Notes. — 1 to be. — 2 A cognate accusative (833). — » tdth the help of, (tv'k 
 
 344. The real Object of the Expedition is disclosed. 
 
 ipTavOa iiipova-ip r)fi€pd<; TreWe, fcat Tolr (TTpaTriyol^ 
 Tor? 'EWiqpiKoh Kvpo9 Xiyei otl rj 6S09 eVrat tt/jo? top 
 'ApTa^epirjp els BafivXwpa- /cat KeXevei avTov<; Xeyeip 
 TavTa Tol<s (TTpaTLmaLS koI ireiOeip eneo-dai. ol Be aTpa- 
 
 5 Ttwrat xa^CTratVouo-t toIs (TTpaTr)yoU, /cat ovk eOeXovdip 
 eireaOai iap p.ri Kvpo<; avrot? xPW^'^oi StSw mairep Ka\ 
 irpoTepop. TavTa ol (TTpaT-qyol Kvpo) eXeyop - 6 8' 
 vma-xvelTai (TTpaTKOTrj eKda-Tco irepTe dpyvpiov fjLpd? eiry^p 
 
 > €ts BafivXSipa -qKcooTL. to fiep Brj 'EXXtjplkop ovtoj^ 
 10 eireLcrdr). 
 
 Notes — 5. crrpaTtiYots : dative of indirect object after xaAcTratVoucri 
 (860). — 6. 818$: give, third singular present subjunctive of BiSiofit. — 
 7. irpoTcpov : previously, an adverb in the comparative (cf. wpo). — 8. Iirfjv : 
 whenever, followed by the subjunctive, like idv. 
 
88 
 
 LIQUID STEMS OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION. 
 
 m 
 
 LESSON XXXVI. 
 
 Liquid Stems of the Consonant Declension. 
 
 /Wrt. Loam (ho deca.M.sion of dY«v. conte^U tjvchkov, <,uide 
 RV, month, and ^Tixtap, om/or, in 715. 
 
 ., ''""•■''''." '""""""iv.. singular r.j,.,.t,, , ,v„,) |„„^41,„„s tl,. vowel „r ,l,e 
 
 '■ . '': ™'':"™ »■"«"'-• '» "!<« 'I." .." ,u,,iv,. in „x^t,„„. i„ o er 
 
 liquKl stem.s It is like the stem. 
 
 JM7 Le,un tl>e declension of ^ar^p, father, v.i\rr\f. Mother, 
 and oviip, »»««, in 7l(i. >- 1 ir- 'i 
 
 348. 1 w„<ip and ^^ir^p drop . „f the »to,„ i„ the ^r,.„itive and dative 
 »n„„Iar and accent the hast syllaWe, KIsewheve they .-etain . excen Tn 
 the dahve plural where .p is changed t., p. ; . i,, accented ex ept tl^ 
 ases „a„.e,l and n, the vocative singular, which is the n.ere sten 1 la 
 recessive accent. ^^ 
 
 L>. dv^ip .Imps . wherever a vowel follows «p and inserts 8 in its place 
 o IS inserted also in the dativp nln.-oi 'in ... ^ 
 
 in the genitive and dative ' """' " ""■""" '"'"'' '^^"'''l" 
 
 •^^^* VOCABULARY. 
 
 dYcSv, u)^,, 6 (c/. 0(70,), f^a^Aermr;, j.^, M..6., 6, mon^A. 
 
 assembly, contest, games; dywm 
 
 voieiy, hold games. 
 dv^p, di>dp6s, 6, man, Lat. wir 
 
 li^T^p, fi7]Tp6i, V, mother, Lat. mater. 
 ol'KoSf (c/. o/Kid), adv., home, home- 
 ward. 
 
 •EXX,v, ,^„ i ,0/ .EXX,...*,, .Exx,,), ,.^p_ ,„^,,_ ,_ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^_^^^^ 
 
 a Greek 
 
 ilViicSv, 6;'os, 6 (c/. ^7<?oMaO, feacZer, 
 firuide. 
 
 P^Twp, opos, 6, speaker, orator. 
 ^f1\^llo^o.^. (^7;0t5), ,|/i,<f,ioii,iai, etc., 
 mid. dep., vote, decide. 
 
HON. 
 
 V, yuide^ [1 
 
 )wel of the 
 |»c(l before 
 ; ill other 
 
 , mother^ 
 
 nd dative 
 except in 
 ^pt in the 
 I and has 
 
 its phice. 
 ck except 
 
 mdter. 
 fe, home- 
 pater 
 ai, etc., 
 
 LIQUID STEMS OF THE COV'ONANT DECLENSION. 89 
 
 ^ 350. 1. dy^j,a Sk inoLTJcrauTo ol "EWrjue^. 2. Tajkj) rjj 
 W^P^^ MC<9' ijyc/xoi.09 inop€voPTo otVaSc. 3. Xeyct KC/005 
 on 6 iv^p inl T^ E^pdrjf Trora^ol icrnu. 4. ^ 8^ ^yjrrjp 
 Kvpou dnonef^neL ndkcu inl r^v dpxrju. 6. d\Xd Kal 
 irarepa Beuoi>^pTa ^KaXovp. 6. Kal dpiOp^hv t^v 'EWtJi^cop 
 inoLTja-eu iv r^ irapahuaco. 7. ^y^<l>i^avro U ol "EWrjue^: 
 TTop^^eadai fM,Td Tov dpSp6s. 8. Kal irrefjLxlje Kilpo, neure 
 M^<-^ ' /^tcr^oV. 9. cV Tol, 'EkkrjcTLu ^crau ^yjrope, dyaOoi 
 
 351. 1. His father suinmoiicd Cynm. 2. They voted to 
 send iuen with Clearchus. 3. Cyms was made satrap of 
 1 hiygia by his father. 4. Eaclt man shall have five niinas of 
 silver.4 5. Jle carried on war with the Greeks. 
 
 rJar^'\7^' ^'f'''\ "^ ^''" '''"' "'''''* («70).-» Predicate accusative 
 (840). _ 8 Genitive of meamre (811, 5)._M;enitive of material (841, 4). 
 
 t353. Menon's clever Device to win the Favor of Cyrus. 
 ^ Mivoiv hk irplv SijXop ehai tl iroi-qa-ovcTiv ol dWot 
 E\\y)v€^, TTorepov ^ovrai Kvpca 1) ov, o-vueke^e rh avTov 
 (rrpdrevp^a Kal iXe^e rdSe' "^Ai^Spe?, pdu Selrat Kdpos 
 iirecTdai rohs ''E\krjva<; inl 'Apra^tp^r^^. iy^ oZv Kekevco 
 5 u/.a9 (i/ou) em<; SiafiaCpeiv rhv Trora/xoV. -fjv p^h yap 
 ^ljr}cl>CacovTaL ^-rr^aOaL, ipd<; t^v dkkcop TrporipTJcreL crrpa- 
 TLWTwp^ Kdpos • 17V S^ d7ro^rj<t>La-copTaL ol dkkoL, wopevcro- 
 p^eda dnavTeq ot/caSe Trdkiv" 
 
 « 
 
 Notes. — 1. wplv 8f|Xov ctvai: before it was evident. ~2. ,r6T«pov . . , -R - 
 
 whether . or. -KtJp,,: tiie dative follows eVo^at (864).-oC: accented at the 
 end ot a sentence. — o-vv^X€|€ : see o-vAAcyo). — airofl : rf ^^7 4 7 ^«„ 
 TiwTuiv: dependent on the preposition included in the compound verb (852). 
 
*90 INTERROGATIVE AND INDEFINITE F 
 
 PRONOUNS. 
 
 iltl 
 
 LESSON XXXVII. 
 
 Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns. 
 
 353. The principal interrogative pronoun is tis, tis ti 
 
 ti^ho? which ^ whatf (Latin qich). It always has the acute 
 accent on the first syllable, except in the short forms rod, t«, 
 and never changes the acute to the grave. ' ' ' 
 
 354. The indefinite pronoun h tIs. tIs, tI, some, any 
 Latin ahqms), or, used substantively, somebody, anythmg 
 
 (Latin quldam). It is enclitic. 
 
 355. Learn the declension of ti's and tIs in 763. 
 
 356. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 :| n 
 
 8^«, S€ifi<r«, etc., lack, luant, need; mid., lack, desire, 
 request; Bd, used impersonally, there is need, it is 
 proper, one ought. 
 lir-aiviu, iw-aiviau, etc. , praise. 
 ilTtpos, a, ov, the other, one of t^joo ; without the art., 
 
 another, other. 
 TJoonai, VO-^<ro|iai, VO^v, be glad, he pleased. 
 M^vwv, wws, 6, Mennn. 
 
 irolos, a, ou, interr. proii., of what sort? Lat. quails. 
 irdo-os, >?, ov, interr. pron., hoio much? Lat. quantus. 
 <r<jr€vSovi]TT,s, ov, 6 (c/. a(pev86ur)), slinger. No. 24. 
 t£s, tC, interr. pror.., ivho? which? what? 
 Tls, Tl, end. indef. pron, a, some, any, a certain; 
 as noun, somebody^ anything. 
 
 No. 24. o'0e;/5o;'^Tot. 
 
rs. 
 
 le acute 
 
 TOV, TM, 
 
 me, any 
 %nythhig 
 
 INTERROGATIVE AND INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. 9V 
 
 357. 1. roGro Xeya Tt9. 2. tl, rovro Xdya; S. X^yovcTL 
 8e rLve^oTL Kvpo, ^adrj. 4. ^% Se r.. cV r^ crrpar^a MeW. 
 eerraXo9. 5. Kal c>a>ra ro. cr^euSourjrrjr. nocrou doyvp^o, 
 exa.. 6. ea^ ^E/c^Scrt, rt^ Se? avroi,, Xietu r^v y4<j>vpav ; 
 7. ev woiot, npayfiaa-LP Tjcrav ol ''EXXr^ve? ; 8. ipcord 
 •TLi^o,' iarlv 6 [Wo9. 9. Kdpo, ina^aev d.Spa nepcrrju Kal 
 erepovjLva tS>v rfyeix6vcov. 10. ^pa>ra tov dyyeXov ri, 
 enaLUEL tov<; Mep(ovo<; o-rpartcord?. 
 
 . ^T' 0^' 71^ """"^ *^' '"'^' proceed? 2. What does he say 
 to this / 3. Somebody asks whether you said this. 4 Wh'it 
 sort of men ought to take the field? 5. How many slinc^ers 
 have you in the army ? 
 
 .,r ^''''^%7il'^'^'f''^^ accusative, why? (8^6o).-^ Predicate genitive of 
 possession (843). — 3 ^^o'? with accusative. 
 
 359. Cyrus is greatly pleased and himself crosses the Euphrates. 
 
 olSk Meucouo, cTTpaTL^rai inel ravr ^Kovaav, TrdOovTai 
 /cat hiapaivovcri tov noTafihp irplp tov, dXXov, Xiyeip 
 TL nocyia-ovcTL. Kvpo, 8^ ^crOrj Te Kal tc? crrparcv/.an 
 St ayyeXov iXe^ev • " 'Eyci ;.eV, c3 aVS^e^, ^^Sr; DuS^ 
 5 C7rat.a>. c^^^^ S^ /caL^/xa? e>^ eVat.eWe, >J (.r) ot^^m 
 eyco Kvp6, et/xt." o[ ^.^^ Sij aTpaTc^Tai iv iXmcTL KaXal, 
 Vcrav, MevcovL 8^ Kal S^pa Xeyerat Treyx^at. ;x6ra 8^ raSra 
 bcefiaLve Thv TTora/xoV • elWo 8<^ Kal to dXXo crrpaVcv/xa 
 
 aurw dirav. 
 
 )P7JTaL. 
 
 NoTES.-O. ^plv...X^Yav: ?>./.r« M. ms7 ,sy„V/. - 5. 4^^ ..,, accusative. 
 See the notes on 278, 1 and JJ. _ 7. ^€uJ,a. : /. /.,.. ,,... „,,^:.. ,..- 
 mnnitive.— 8. tiWcTo : for the augment, see 871, 5 D. avr^: cf. 352, l\ 
 
92 
 
 OPTATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 I 
 
 LESSON XXXVIII, 
 Optative Active. Less Vivid Future Conditions. 
 
 :»«•(>. T!e.s;,lo.s (1,0 ,,rosont, a„risl, ,i„,l ,,o,.foct, foun.l i„ the 
 me ch«t.ncUon ol U.uo hetweou tl.e preset,.,.,! the .torist, 
 
 .T«l. T„.arn the o.„,j„j.a.(.io„ „f u,o oplativo a« 
 X.»„. 7.i5 (Xuoiixt), 7,i,i (XiScroi^tO, 707 (XiSaai^i). a 
 
 (XcXvKoijii). 
 
 tivo of 
 uid 708 
 
 is d a, ,d V, . Tl t r'""'- ' ' ""■'■""' ""• ' "f "■" *■'" A.A,«„ 
 
 ;,.,,,..,,l „f 1,/ ,, /^ ""f,"l.>,, ,>iit tlicy ui-o 111 (\ii,iiii„ii ||a„ 
 
 ni.t.,u. „1 Av.„„, A„„ac, A.V„«.. Fo, tho amiiit, of Xfo, X«„, X,i,., 
 
 .•««;«.. J TTp^TTOi (or ,rp^|«,) ToflTo, KaXffis dv i'voi, if he 
 
 should ,/o thu, it n'onid /„■ „W/, «' /„;,. /„,,•„,, ,„,„,, ,;,. '^ '"^ 
 
 The protosi, is l,c.,-o iiiti-o,l„ce,l iiy .1; ;/; ami lias tlio optative ; it states 
 a s.ppos,.,l f„t„,. oase less vivi.ll.v Mian ..„. siil.ii.ne ive (^ 7 "t 
 apoilosis has ,ts verb i„ the optative with the adverb &v. ^ '' " 
 
 , an 1 ,.,,., to,™ (as „, E„„„,i.h, if j „,„„„ „,^, ,,^^ 
 the opt^ttive with .t, a„d the apodosis has the optative with 
 
OPTATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 98 
 
 s. 
 
 i<l in the 
 
 lie jiorist, 
 
 ictive of 
 and 708 
 
 m) to the 
 
 m XtXvKa 
 try toiKses 
 s X<f(rcia$, 
 inion use 
 ■01, Xdo-ai, 
 
 i, if he 
 
 it states 
 0- Tlic 
 
 distinct 
 isis has 
 e with 
 
 3CW5. 
 
 SioPoTds, i), 4^, fordahlc, passable. 
 8(Kaios, o, 0^ (r/. dlKr,),juat, rujht. 
 6iKa(«s (</. 5/^atoy), -mU., justly, rightly. 
 8oK^«, 86^*,, ?8o|a, 8^8oY^iai, lUx<iy\y, 
 
 seem, seem best or good, think] 
 
 SoK€i, etc., inipors., it seems, it 
 
 seems best. 
 im-o-iTfJo^ai {,TlTi8), <iri-<rmoC^iai, 4ir- 
 
 €o-tTio-d,iT,v ((/. aiTos), furnish one- 
 
 VOCABLLARY. 
 
 se^' with provisions, collect or pro- 
 cure supplies, forage. 
 
 K\€(ca, KX€(<r«, JkX.io'o, K^KXci^iai and 
 K^KX«i<r^ai, <KX€(or8T,v, shut, close. 
 
 ■"■•tfi ('/. 7ref6s), iidv., on/oo^ 
 
 T«i;«is, tJ, 6,., ,„i /y,,^; oi n.^ol, the 
 infantry. 
 
 P<f8(«s, adv., easily. 
 
 oriTos, ou, 6, ymm, food, supplies. 
 
 .W«a., .oXcoea^racr. & aijoi, «al Kara y,". .„J .ari ? 
 ^aXarra.. 8. ,16 .ora;.6, ^^ .ef„- Scalar J .tr,,' ^Kola 
 
 ,;,,, 7,:'"""' /f ' '^V' "S--' '"'".^ I'e would I tI,om 
 S w 5 »r '^''7'''""'''^'^ *''" f"'-'' "'« --™y would 
 
 stJt:; .11'"^'^ ^""""^ "•^■^"'^^^ '° i'--'^' ^y™*- would 
 
94 
 
 READING LESSON. 
 
 
 1. 1' 
 
 II 
 
 308. The Gods send a Portent. Advance to the Araxes. 
 
 ^ Siefiatpop Se top zorafjibp ireCrj • nXola yap ovk elxop. 
 ovnaJTroTe Se ov7o<; 6 Trora/xo? SiaySaro? ^p Tre^jj d firj 
 t6t€, dXka TrXotot?. e'So/cet Srj toU a-Tpar-qyol^ Kal toI<; 
 o-TpaTLcoTaiq TTcicrt Oeiop elpac. 
 5 ipTedOep i$€\avp€L Sta T179 Xvptd^ a-TaOixov^; ippia 
 Trapao-ayya"? TrepTiJKOPTa - /cat dfjyLKPovpTaL npo^ top 
 'Apdijjp TTora/xoV. ipTadOa 9j(jap K^fiau fxeo-Tal (tItov 
 Kal oipov. ipTavOa ificpop rjfxepds TpeU Kal ineo-lTiCopTo. 
 
 NoTKS. — 2. ^iv : with force of pluperfect, had been. — ;J. wXotois : dative 
 of iustrununU (800).- 7. o-frou Kal ol'vou : <l(>pen(lent on /xcarat', stored with. 
 Verbal adjectives signifying fulness and want take the genitive (855). 
 
 
 No. 25. Greek Armor. 
 
 T 
 C 
 
 si 
 h 
 
 tl 
 ti' 
 
 
 thi 
 he 
 
 i 
 
 he 
 

 ivvia 
 
 OPTATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 LESSON XXXIX. 
 
 95 
 
 Optative Active (continued). Optative in Final Clauses. 
 
 Object Clauses. 
 
 ^^^ «««. Learn tlie conjugation of tlie present optative of ,i^l 
 
 37(>. 1. TV YC(j>upav ^XtJcraixcv, tva (also <i>s or 6ua>s) tovs 
 
 liT' •^-^— f^-' - ^^estroyed the bridge, that we .^U 
 cliecfc Vie enemy. ^ 
 
 2 TOVTOV duivoMv, W ,.*, (ak„ is |ii,, or 8t<os at,, or 
 
 he might not do our friends harm. 
 
 The clauses which express purpose here take the optative (cf. 305l but 
 ^ a^nuro ucedhy the san.e final particles that i.Lduce thet]. ^ 
 tive. J he verb of the principal clause is here in a secondary (50) tens! 
 
 .^r/Antroduced by the final particles Vva, a>s, or 8ua)S, and take the 
 ^optative after secondary tenses. The negative is (iii. 
 
 .•J72 1. pouXcvcTai Sircos paonXcwei dvrl toO dScXcboi), A. 
 
 plans that he may he Jang in place of his brother. 
 
 tKaij!^'''^uTi^"'"'' pacrtXcvcrct dvrl xov d6.X<^oi), he planned 
 that he might he king m place of his brother. 
 
 3. pouXcvcrai ottcos ,iii cVrat cVl t(3 a '.Xctxo, he plans that 
 he may not be in his brothers poiver. 
 
 he t .^fr^!'r' "T"^' ^^ ^'^^^' ^^^ ^^ ^^^^*^' ^^' P^^^^ed that 
 he might not be in his brothers power. 
 
96 
 
 OPTATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 The subordinate clause is here the object of the leading verb which 
 signifies /o^/a. or ..-a. for (the leading verb may also signify "Ll I 
 to effect yUns subordinate clause is introduced by 8.«s or, if negltie 
 by 6,«s HVI, and has the future indicative wh.ther'the principal verbL"' 
 a primary or a secondary tense. 
 
 
 QIaect£klisesJeE ejiding on verbs si^^ nifviiKr /^ ./.,>,. 
 , .^^^^f^r^i^- ^ct, regulaijy take the future indicative 
 
 374. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Xtjitai, ^ir-cftcX^dTjv, exercise (:are, 
 care for, give attention to, see to. 
 
 8pil|Aos, V, ov, and oj, o^ (130), deserted, 
 uninhabited, deprived of. 
 
 Ityriia, tlT^w, etc., seek, ask for. 
 
 Xa^Pdvw (Xa^), X^4roiioi, €"Xopov, ctXt,- 
 
 <f)a, €i:Xij|inai, iX^<|>0t)v, «aA;e, receive, 
 
 get, find. 
 irop£J« (TToptS), iropiw, etc. , furnish, pro- 
 vide; mid., o6tom. 
 TifiVj, ^y, .j^ (c/, Ttyucic.;), value, honor, 
 
 esteem. 
 rfnios, o, ov {cf. Tln.-fi), valued, dear. 
 
 375. 1 o yx<^^ roU 'EW^at^ ^ye/xoVa IWe/.,/,.^, Tm 
 dia r,s ,roVias x<ii/.a9 a>c a^rov's. 2. rovrov top duSpa 
 <^e\e.,^ cm <^ao^ ^oc. 3. „'s .VeXecrat oVo., oJ 
 
 t). e^TyTov.- Tov? apxof'ra?, Tm a^rois av^LpovX^ouv'. 6 r'<3 
 
 7. ai,ocau.lre rl^,' ^[Xoc, el nopiCocre r^ arpo^revp^ar. 
 on\a. 8 c_,r.^e\,V6rm 6 KCpo? oVa,9 o£ arpanSrm v<{m^ 
 
 < 
 
 8. 1 
 con 
 
OPTATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 97 
 
 3^. He too. e..e that ^e 'Zl te^o^/f H^ TlT,' 
 this in order that tlie enemy mijrht not hear ^r . ? '' 
 to get provisions. ?»» "ot hear. 5. Let us plan 
 
 -;The genitive depend' on tZ^^'^S^^^'T "' ™'"^ («««)• 
 — " Use the aorist. «ig"iljing fulness or M;anf (855). 
 
 377. Advance through the Desert of Arabia. 
 
 :77. ^"'r"-" -' --• - ro4 se ™ .o47; 
 
 n5rac .V.ore .■8.'.«o. a.i l.nZ it ^'"" " "'''"■ 
 
 comparative of the adverb ra;^e'a)5, quickly. ' '"''' ^"'''^■^^' ^^^ 
 
 No. 26. Chariot R 
 
 ace. 
 
98 
 
 OPTATIVE MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. 
 
 LESSON XL. 
 
 Optative Middle and Passive. Optative after Verbs of Fearing. 
 
 378. Learn the conjugation of the optative middle and 
 l)assive of Xvco in 705 (XUoi)i.iiv), 70(5 (XUtroifiiiv), 767 (XU<7ai|J,Tiv), 
 709 (X€Xu|i.€vos €Xr]v and XcXUoroiiiiiv), and 770 (XvOcitiv and 
 
 379. The mood suffix is i, as in the active (362), except in the aorist 
 passive ; liere it is ir\ in the singular and sometimes in the dual and plural, 
 but the shorter forms Xwetirov, XvOttTTiv, etc., occur more frequently. In 
 these forms the accent does not go back of the mood suffix. The optative 
 middle and passive uses the middle and passive secondary endings (175), 
 except in the aorist passive, where the active endings occur (145). 
 
 380. 1. €6€t(ra \Lr\ ras •Y€(|>wpas Xvoicv, I feared that they 
 would destroy the bridges. 
 
 2. €8€icra|i€v jiii ov irwrTol cItc, we feared that you ivould not 
 be faithful. 
 
 The verb which denotes fear is here in a secondary tense (c/. 333), and 
 the subordinate clause takes the optative. 
 
 ^^ 1 .^After v^rbs dQWotiw^Jear, caution, Dv danffer. jLr^fha,t 
 orJest^_t^^es Jhe optativejtfter secon dary tenses._Tlie_negatiye 
 form is \lti\ ov. '~^ " — ^ 
 
 382. VOCABULARY. 
 
 tia-ui {cf. els), adv., inside, within. ix9p6s, d, 6v, hostile; ix^pds, o, as 
 €KaWp«0€v, adv. , on both sides or flanks. noun, enemy, foe. 
 
 «vvoiK«is {cf. evvovi), adv., with good k«k\os, ou, d, circle, curve. 
 
 will, kindly. kvk\6», kvkXwo-m, etc., encircle, hem in. 
 
OPTATIVE MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. 
 
 99 
 
 8|i«s, adv., nevertheless, yet, still, how- 
 ever. 
 
 ir\r\a-i&l(a (irXtjaiaS), irXtjo-ido-w, etc., 
 approach. 
 
 crrtpiw, (rTtp{\<r<a, etc., deprive, rob, be- 
 reave. 
 
 a-i^l<i) {<Tw, auS), o-cio-w, So-wora, Wo-wKa, 
 <r<(r«|*oi and o-^<r«<r|40i, iiru9i\v, 
 
 save, rescue, keep safe; mid. and 
 pass., save oneself, be saved alive, 
 return safely. 
 o-wno, aroj, t6, body, life, person. 
 
 383. 1. l8eio-e /X17 ol ixOpol Tl^irfOelev. 2. el orEXXr)P€'; 
 TrX7j(TLdCot,ev, ^ofiy^deUv aiv ol irokefxioi. 3. BevoifiwvTa 
 apxovTa iTTOLTjcrdfieda ha aajdelfiev. 4. evvoLK^<; Siv 
 exoL^ Tols "EXkrjo-Lv 6 Kvpos, el xlfr)(t)L(rdLVTO a vuLTTopevecrO at. 
 
 5. ei oTrXa ^17 exoifiev, /cat tcjp crw/xarwi/^ (TTeprjOelfjiev dv. 
 
 6. et Se meloiixeOa vtto tcov iroXefitcDV, nopevotfjieda dp 
 kvkXco. 7. ol 8e o-TpaTLcoTai eBetcrav firi KaTaXei^6eiy)(Tav. 
 8. €t vlKTJo-aifxep, Kal (both) a-OiCoCfxeda av koX rd emTTJSeta dv 
 ^OLfiep. 9. dXX* o/xw? 6 (TTpaTr)yo^ ^ofirfOy) firj /cu/cXw^ea; 
 eKaTepmOev. 10. irapeKdXovp rovq dvSpa<; ela-oi oTrw? amol<; 
 o-vfxfiovXevoLfir)v tC StVatoV eWt /cat Tryoo? ^eoi»/ /cat tt^o? 
 du9p(07r(ov. 
 
 
 No. 27. Masks of Pan. 
 
too 
 
 orTATIVK MltUHj,' AND /M 
 
 NN/r/r;, 
 
 J«M4. I. I ( 
 
 o 
 
 T\ 
 
 '""■'''• <'"^< •''«' iHi.l^ro w<MlI,| hv ihs 
 
 X'lV WIIN (liUl^r,,,- (hut 11,,. |„„.| 
 
 Nt 
 
 (h)V<mI. 
 ilVnid (h 
 
 » NPMIIII.HI, unless \(MH)I)|,„M xvoro I.IVSIM.L 
 
 I"). IWn..ul„„m,,r,- (8(1(1). < I Iw Uuwi(,ri»l„ 
 
 ■"'**"• The Soldlcra go hunting. 
 
 ol W (Voc i„d ol ,rT,,anrora^ .•S.'o.^o,., ;rpo^/,tvo^ • 
 
 Trerorra. yap ^pa^ii ^al Taxi> inayop^^ovm. 
 
 *■...../,,. „, ,■„„,,.,.„,,, ..„„ ,,„.. „„„ ; . „:'„::■-;;„ :tr"v c 
 
 No 28 "rci?r 7d/> wr^pv^,, ^^wtp iirrfy ^x^^ro." 
 
(UiNTIiACr VKItUs IN I UK 
 
 (il'TATiyfC, 
 
 101 
 
 Kal 
 
 
 
 LKSSON XLl. 
 Contract Verbs In the Optative. 
 
 .'188. Olxsorvo tluit 
 
 (t) a-f-ot = <^; 
 
 (ii) c -f ot = 01 ; 
 
 (3) 4- 01 = 01. 
 
 ^^^^' VOCABUI.AKY. 
 
 Ap«T^, f;j, i), qnodncMy courage, valor. 
 ^ttAo^oi, *|TT^o-Of*ai, etc., pasH. (lop., 
 
 he h(ferior, he dqfeatcd. 
 XOir<«, \o,r^)<r«, ci!c'., grieve, , annoy, 
 
 lllolcHt. 
 
 Ht<r0o4.<ipo«, o.' (fii(T06i + ^^pu, hear, re- 
 
 mve), remvini, pau ; ni<T0o<f,6poi, ol, 
 
 nicrceitarirs. 
 |ii<r06«, H4O"0,io-«a, etc. {ef. ;x.(rWj), /f/. 
 
 out for hire, let; mid., rauw i!o />c 
 
 let to oneself, /Ure. 
 6vo\i.a, aroj, t6, name, 
 ir&t, intriT. adv., horof 
 rAxo, iuh.,(/Hickii/; ill apod, witli 4i/, 
 
 Ttnttpfw, Tlf*«p^o-«, c/r., f/,«rw/7c; iriid,, 
 awnf/r- nncseyon, take venueame on, 
 punish. 
 
 .■«>0. 1. ^^, d, ri,u ^dxvu ,rococt,r,„ ; 2. eU«ovVamt 
 
102 
 
 (JONTHACT VEHIiS IN TUE OPTATIVE, 
 
 Wac. G .aur^.^offovuro ^i, 6 KK.ap^o, rl^o,polro 
 rov, orpar.^a, 7. « onXa i^o.p.,„, ,^l ,^ /J- .^ 
 
 J. « Se ,t™,^o oc .^vXaK.,, ov<c aV <r<.^«eK 10. rovrov, 
 Tov, j,c,r0oi>6pov, Tdx' «V ^ccr^orro, d nopevoc.ro d, rf,. 
 apXV- ' 
 
 2 "V'J' I *',?'' ""* "'"^ '"•"''' ^^'""'^'^^^ to "'« l"«t-s. 
 f • ^ o ™^''^'' ""'''• '"'"'' the enemy would Ix, 
 
 I might be of service to l.in,. B. The (J-eeks would march 
 away t<, I'hryg.a, unless somobo.ly should molest them. 
 
 .'102. March to Cor,ote and Pylae, Cattle perish in the Desert. 
 
 ^ 7rop.„o>c.o. 8^ 8ea ravrr,, rrj, ^a'.pi, <i^«.ov>^„. ,vi 
 TO. Maovca. ;rora/.oV. .VraC^a ^. ™'Xc, .>,>,, oVo^„ 
 
 e^av^a c,r.<rin<ra.^o. .WC^e^ e'feXauVa crra0„o^9 ep«'- 
 5 /XOV5 rp«aKacSe«a ,rapa<r<{yyd9 cW.^'Ko.ra, ro,. Ei^p^™, 
 TTora^oi. ,p heica ?x<^„, «„J <{,At«mrac i^J nv'Xci,. cV 
 rot^roc. roc, .rad^ol, no\U r5^ ^.o^vyio.. .i.alXcro ^;ro 
 X./._ov. ov yap ?,v x6pro, o^S^ SeVSpo.<, dXXi ^LiXi, ^^ 
 avaa-a. rj xapd. ' 
 
 «ir.SX.T,: ;,„«/,«/, a second aorist n.iddle. '^ "'■ ~ 
 
STEMS IN a OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION. lOU 
 
 KiipOLTO 
 KTjj au 
 rjyoLTo. 
 rovTov<i 
 
 Ct? TTjP 
 
 ! boats, 
 iild 1)0 
 I witli- 
 :1, that 
 march 
 
 t. 
 
 LESSON XLII. 
 
 Stems in o- of the Consonant Declension. 
 
 .•«>;?. Learn the declension of c^pos, breadth. Toiiipiis, 
 tnreme, anu Kp^as, meat, in 747. 
 
 ;«>4. The stcMn ..uls in <r (ei^^ecr, rpt,;pecr, Kpeacr). In masouline and 
 fnnnnno nouns . n. th. final syllabU, c,f the nten. is lengthened U, , in the 
 non.inativesinK.dar(THp^,); in nenter nonns it is changed to o in the 
 nonmuitive, accusative, atid vocative singular (lOpot). 
 
 ;«)r. Final a- of the stem is dropped before all case endings, and the 
 vowels thus brought together are contracted. The vocative singular o 
 n.asculn,e and fennnine nouns is the sin.ple stem. The forn.s rp.^ 
 and Tpi^pwv luive recessive accent. 
 
 at eVt 
 
 ouofia 
 vkXco. 
 ? iprj- 
 
 oaTr)p 
 
 > 
 
 €P 
 
 VTTO 
 
 \ f 
 
 rj Tjv 
 
 die 
 
 ral 
 
 No. 29. Kpikvoi. 
 
104 STEMS IN a OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION. 
 
 •^^®* VOCABULARY. 
 
 iiri\tl-ir<a leave behind : intrans fnil a'«..- / . . 
 
 ' ' '"''^'*"^- '•/""• <>po^t ovs, t6, mountain 
 
 «upos, oi/y, t6, breadth, width. 
 
 K^pas, K^pws and K^paros, r6, fiorn of 
 
 an animal, wing of an army. 
 •cpAvqs, ovs, t6, headpiece, helmet. No. 
 
 29. 
 
 Kp€'as, /fp^wj, t6, flesh; p\ur., pieces of 
 
 flesh, meat, 
 67r\(5« (oVXtS), (SirXwra, <S,rXio-nai, 
 
 <^X£<reT|v (c/. dfTrXoi/), arm, egwip. 
 
 No. 30. 
 
 irX^epov, ov, t6, a plethrum, a measure 
 of 100 Greek feet. 
 
 SwkpAttjs, ovi, 6, voc. ^diKpares, Socra- 
 tes, the celebrated philosopher. 
 
 Tflxos, ovs, t6, wall, fort. 
 
 Tior<ra4)^pvtis, ovs, 6, ace. Ti<T<ra<f>^pvr,u, 
 voc. TKTaacp^ppr,, of A-Decl., Tissa- 
 phernes. 
 
 ■^Pi-^P^s, oi/j, 17, trireme, war vessel, with 
 three banks of oars. No. 8(5. 
 
 No. 30. OTrXl^erai 6 peavlas. 
 
 397.^1. dxe S^ Kal rp.yjpu, 6 KCpos. 2. ro^ou rov 
 ^ora^ov TO .Spo'9 eVn ndvre ^UBpa. 3. «„J eV.'Xet-e 
 KUapxo" rov SefioC k/^o,?' ^ycto-^at. 4. ^ 8^ MeW,.09 
 
 kr,v ,nep^e 2a„cpar«. 8. roi), arpancord? 6 ^^k. aZroj 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 T 
 
 o 
 
 
 ; 
 
 tlM 
 CO] 
 t. 
 
 mc 
 
V. 
 
 I measure 
 
 '•es, Socra- 
 pher. 
 
 1., Tissa- 
 
 ssel, with 
 
 id. 
 
 W TOV 
 
 ciXeve 
 ucovos 
 wttXl- 
 evOev 
 
 LCTTO- 
 
 STEMS IN a- OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION 105 
 
 t^^v axe K.\..a>. ^vXaKij^ ^h hk^ ^Kpra^p^ov iXdyero 
 MaKrj Marra.) 10. eVei 8^ ^,Va. inl rai, O^pa., U 
 lto-o-a</.e/)^ou9,^ ol o-rparrjyoi wapeKXyjOrjcrap elcrco. 
 
 cor.n?; ^'-^t ^'""T ^'"^ *^' ^'^' ^"^^- 2' ^^^^ Xenophon 
 consuls with Socrates.7 3. The generals proceeded through the 
 mountains. 4. They all had helmets of bronze. 5. Thence 
 he sent the messenger upon the mountains. 
 
 NcvrEs 1 The genitive follows ^yeV«t, but not a>, which is an 
 
 adveib of ;,/ace (856). -s Dative of imtrnment (866). -4 The predicate- 
 ra.ra ,« the subject. - 5 ./., «., . . . ,,, ,,,,, See 815 _ a For the^Sn' 
 of the genitive, see 812. _ ^ Dative (865). ^ 
 
 ^^^- Great Hardships in the Desert. 
 
 ^ ol 8' eV TouVoi to; roVo) a^<9/)a)7roi ^^ou? JXc'ra"? Trap^ 
 Tov^ iToraixhv dpr^rrovre, Kal notodure^ el^ Ba/3vXwi.a ^yov 
 Kai incoXovv Kal avTayopdt,ovTe<s (tItov ^^iov. rh 8^ crrpd- 
 revfia6 alros iiriXu-^e, koX dyopdCecrdai o{,k ^v el p.^ eV 
 6 ry AvSLa dyopa iv re? Kipov ^ap^api^K^. koX rlpLo, ^v 
 o aero, . Kp^a olv icreiovcTLv ol o-TparL^raL. rovra^v 
 noXXov, Sk tQ>v crraOp^v irdw paKpoi,, ^Xavve Kdpo, • 
 TToXXa'/ci? ydp I8et paKpdi^ TTopevecrOaL 7rpb<; xoprov. 
 
 ^"^'OTES.-l o%ovs dX^ras .• upper millstones, which were turned some- 
 times by hand, sometimes by a beasc. See No. 66. -2. ,rotoOvrcs • bv 
 contraction for 7rou'ovr«. - 3. c>v : see ^c£a,:-4. ^v : ... no.^-n,. 1 
 -• -^oAAovs: many, accusative phiral masculine. The followin-^ uaKoot;. 
 - ifies this as a predicate adjective, ..., oftkese marches tkat Cy^Z 
 'oere very lony. - 8. ^uKpdv : ... c'.SoV, a long loay. 
 
 ill 
 
 St? 
 
106 
 
 IMPERATIVE ACTIVE. 
 
 LESSON XLIII. 
 
 Imperative Active. 
 
 400. The tenses occurrin.i. in the imperative are the present, 
 aons and perfect, but only a few perfect active forms occur 
 and these are rare. For the distinction of time between the 
 present and aorist, see 313. 
 
 401. The personal endings in the active are : 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 TO) 
 
 DUAL. 
 
 TOV 
 TWV 
 
 PLURAL. 
 T€ 
 VTCOV 
 
 in t? A^x"'",*^' ^""'''"^ "^'^ ""^'^'^ imperative active of xU 
 in 765 (Xv€) and 767 (Xv(rov). 
 
 403. T» the second person singular of the present, 01 is dropped The 
 form Xvo-ov in the aorist is irregular. cropped, ihe 
 
 404. Learn the present imperative of €l|ii in 795. 
 
 405. 1. ualc, €t K€X€V€t 6 irals, strike, if the lad commands it. 
 -. a7dvTo)v Tovs (TTpaxicoTas, let them bring the soldiers. 
 
 thL ""^^^ ^'^"^ ^^"I^PovXeucrov avrots, in Heaven^s name, advise 
 
 y 406 The imperative expresses a command, exhortation, or 
 entieaty. 
 
 407. 1. jxi, 8t8a(rK€T(o (present imperative) tovs iratSas ' 
 a6iK€iv. /e?5 7i2m /^o^ teach the boys to do wrong. 
 
 Hriketlns].^:' "■""" •"' '""^' ^''""*' subjunctive), <io not 
 
lilPEttATIYB ACTIVE. jq^ 
 
 408. In prohibitions, in the second and third pe.^ons the 
 
 its compounds. tl.ana 
 
 *^^* VOCABULARY. 
 
 5i8d(rK« (5.5ax), 8i8d|«, ^8(8a|a, 8€8£- 
 8axa, 8€8C8aY,iai, ^8i8dxeT,v, teach, 
 instruct, show. Nos. 1 and 36. 
 
 7^Xo<j>os, ou, 6 (7^ + \60oj, cres«, AJZ^, 
 mound of earth, hillock, hill. 
 
 8vo, tioo. 
 
 Ko,itt« ('coMtS), KOHidi, efe., carry away, 
 bring, convey. 
 
 |A«'pos, ow, t6, division, par<, share, 
 
 portion. 
 op7^, ^y, 77, temper, anger. 
 irais, 7rat56s, o', ■^, child, boy, girl, son. 
 TTj\6s, ov, 6, clay, mire, mud. 
 o-7r€v8«, «r,r€vo-ft>, to-Trcwo, wr^e, hasten, 
 
 be urgent. 
 
 «JHnr€p, conj. adv., jw5< as, as « were, 
 as if. 
 
 2^^, .oc,<^, ITT"' '^Z-^-- 3. Kip. ^aw ,^al 
 
 WV9 Suo ar/cXovs ^e^^aWa,^ ^p6s ro mvo^. 7 L J 
 
 411. 1. Send the messengers to the hill. 2. Be loval to 
 
 he Greeks. 3. Do not destroy the bridges. 4. I e friends 
 
 and allies, soldier.s, to Cyrus. 5. FelloV -oldier d 
 wonder that^ I am grieved. ^ ' " ""* 
 
 NoTKs.- > Dative of maimer, in anger (806). 
 
 2 " 
 '' OTl. 
 
108 
 
 IMPERATIVE MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. 
 
 412. The Wagons get stalled in the Mire. 
 
 Kal Srjnore iv crrcoJ Kal nrjX^ ral, a>a'fa.. Svcrno- 
 
 ^^ec.roy fiapfiap^.ov crrparev^aro, Kal .vveKfi^^d^e^v rk, 
 
 5 opyrj .KeXevcre rov, nepl avrov Uepads ro^, .aXo^, .dya- 
 
 XoTK. — 3. o-TpaT€v,iaTos : partitive genitive (814). 
 
 LESSON XLIV. 
 
 Imperative Middle and Passive. 
 413. The personal endings in the middle and passive are : 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 (TO 
 
 DUAL. 
 
 <r0ov 
 <r0«v 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 orOc 
 
 trOwv 
 
 4t4. Learn the present, aori«t, and perfect inr„erative 
 middle and passive of xt. in 705 (X5;„„) ,,, (Xfl,* 
 (\€Xi)<ro), and 770 (Xvei^Ti). 
 
 415. The form Xv<roi in the aorist is in-eo-nlnr tv, 
 uses the active endings (40.), a,„. len^ e f, "tensf ufflxlrT 
 before a single consonant. Me,r. is for A.«,.ft. "'™'' "' '" ''' 
 
 4in 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 "'iT'' """'T"' *■' ■"'"■ '*' ^^^°^ <""•"• P'*-H.S .fe.. n,id 
 
 l,repa^ " ' '^' "'" """' '"""'"P" P-'^P' """ S™- «» 
 
 account of. 
 
SlXTTTO- 
 
 Tas 
 
 ojcnrep 
 ? Kaya- 
 
 are ; 
 
 jrative 
 
 ), 769 
 
 passive 
 
 to 0TI 
 
 , mid. 
 
 r. 
 
 11., on 
 
 IMPMlUTlre MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. 
 
 109 
 
 «r!,e. ''■ XPdS" (a:p5«), ^a«(, nee,,, ^s,V,_ 
 
 . **«"''"'''■'*. «n«(e«, 6racefe(. No. 89. 
 417. 1. fi S^ ^^^'^^^^^ ^ 
 
 418. 1. Urge the soldieis to rest 9 «<.„ i r. 
 generals and the captains of th teet f ?r \''^'- *« 
 tl>em, sokliers, into the v.lhv. s 4 r l ,, ^""'''^ *'*'' 
 eoUected in the market-pk of 5 Pro f ^■""■«<^"«'«« "^^ 
 through the plain. °''^'' "'"^"^J" «oldiers, 
 
 41»- Splendid Discipline of the Persian Nobles 
 
 Wo yap .0. A,.„f.>^,, <i.„/,„V..„o. Xa^;3„W ^ 
 
110 
 
 CONTRACT VKIiliS IN THE IMl'hIiATIVJC. 
 
 LESSON XLV. 
 
 Contract Verbs in the Imperative. 
 
 420. honvn ll.o <-o„j,.n.MlioM of ihv p.vs.nt impcmtivo ucliv., 
 n.uMIo, and pnssivo of Tr,xda> in 7.1, <>[ ttoUo) in 782, unci c.f 
 o'H^oa) 111 7s;{. 
 
 421. OhscMvo (liat 
 
 (J) a -f € =: 5 ; a -|- or ou = (o; 
 
 (-) € -f- € = €1 ; c -f or ou n= ou ; 
 
 (8) -f^ €, O, or ou ::=: OU. 
 
 4*>t> 
 
 dir-oiWo), ask- from, ((rmami. 
 8«0po, adv., /</7/nT, /im>. 
 8i4)e^pa, ay, »/. fanned hide. 
 Sp6(ios, OP. 6, r»/i, >•(((•(> ('(»«nv. 
 ISiwTTjs, or, 6, prmite person or soldier, 
 private. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 AaK€8ain6vios, 5, ov, Laeedaemonian. 
 
 lon(jer. 
 8irou, n>I. adv., ?r//rrr, wherever. 
 <rx€8(a, 5y, t;, m/y, .//ofjy. N,>. .'Jl. 
 ToXfidw, ToXfiVjo-w, c^c, r/.sA-, (fare. 
 
 42.-S. 1. f,^ noXe/^ure dSiKoi> n6\e^,ou.' 2. ToX^dra, Kal 6 
 evffv, neCr, a,ro ro5 ^^nopiov. 5. .V r5^ S,p,p^„ o-^,8ta. 
 
CONTUACT VKlaiS ,N Till, I SII-LmATIV K. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ^*- >. Ask ,:,,.„s f,„. ,u. 2. T,y U, ,1„ ..,11 Uy v„„, 
 
 ■I'-- ;i. (ill ,„.t („ M,„ „,., ,„ i,,,.,,,;,. 
 
 
 NoTKH -. 1 A ro;,nn„ .•.,.M,H,,,tiv,. (,S;{;n. _. . vVrl. 
 two ()l,j,,ct ac(Mi.sii(,iv(..s (.s;{.S). ^ 
 
 « MMiiifyiuK fo asl- |,jil<,. 
 
 425. 
 
 Traffic with Charmande across the Euphrates. 
 
 
 ^%l^ 
 
 No. 31. Raft of Inflated Hides. 
 
112 
 
 AlhlECnVK STKMS IN v AND ea. 
 
 LESSON XLVI. 
 
 Adjective Stems in v and ca of the Consonant Declension. 
 
 420. LiMiii tlic (1(.('I 
 
 IMISK 
 
 fi(H(ff<\ iiiid 
 
 dXrieiis, 
 
 frt((\ in 7r)L' 
 
 '^" (>r liAas, /'Afr/r, €v6w|X(ov. .y;./-- 
 
 ''^^:."z:,z.!::::^:'-' ^'" —•-'■• 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 X«* 
 
 t. 
 
 Mi 
 
 42J>. 
 
 ^Xne^, .. (^. ciX,..a), una,,....,, K«.a.^av^,. ., ,, ,,,,, .,,,,, 
 
 d<r.j>a\y,s, ^s, free from dmuin- safv AuaX^o j , 
 
 secure. 
 
 ..•.x«/.. .• . " . "*' ""' ^' ?'^'^''<N region. 
 
 "'"^'•;" ^"^""""^•' *"""■"■ +«K, r.o„ , „„.„ „.;,, ,„,„, ^„, ,,, 
 
 -M« ,.. 4. oi K6po. ,Aao. .^, a,;,^.^ .,-, ,oO .a.,^. 
 
 ^ YVneS^o. arrau o^aX^, ,„V^,/, ^„'x„,,„. i„. .ai .-^^'^ „ 
 r>^ l^^<rov iii^epa, Kal oi «„ra0a.er. ,Va. oj ^oXe>coc.' ' 
 
s^ 
 
 >17 T€ 
 
 I'l'^iisoNAL run NOUNS. ,, 
 
 f.» J. . ""« was not true 1 r< 
 
 '^"'i <^ Pn.k lull <,r wil.l 1,,.^,^^,; -^"^'"^ ^ ^''•"'^ '"'td a |,ul.(;o 
 
 A Quarrel at the Ford 
 »'S>iif.vii.g «,,,f,- («„„). • ■^^""'Xl.: tl,o ,|„tivo ol,j,.ct follow., virl™ 
 
 lESSON XLVII. 
 
 Personal Pronouns. 
 4 3' J Til 
 
 4;W-. Loam the declonvifn,, ^f n 
 
 ■f "-p™„o„., i» e„;phau:;;,„''!:,::!:..t,''^ f f- '■ »- --«'ic. „„, 
 
 •"■•^"l, ..„d i„ o,e fi,,t iKnon 41,77"' 'T ''''" '"■""""" '"'••"" U.oir 
 
Ill 
 
 i'i<:i:s()NAL I'Uosoi'Ns. 
 
 4:MI. TIu' iiomiiiativcH of tlu> immsoiiiiI pnuiomi)^ iirii.Holdom 
 used, <'\('«'|)( for »Mn|tliaHiH. 
 
 'riiUH. fiij <f>€vyu>fuv, hi us tinl fhr : <tv ti yaft'KWyju c7 kuI ^civ.yi 
 tfou (vr a (I'lrt ^' nmi ,V(» arc nr (iinLt. 
 
 or 
 
 4;i7. 'riu> jtronouii «)|" lh(> (liinl |km\s()ii, ou, oT, 'i, rfc, is 
 friMHMiilly iui iiidiivcl, ivlK'xivc in A (lie pio.se, /.<■. it is usimI in 
 11 (l('[uMi(l('iil I'liuisc to wi'cv to (ill' sul>i('i't of tlio ioiulitiL' vcrl). 
 
 'riiiis. ifntfioviTiu fui ()i fjiif}fjnfUH iT(f}iinv ov^ iTrutvTai, thty fmr that the 
 harhandiis will nut Jotloir tfirm. 
 
 4ilH. To supply (li(> plan- of n protiouii of Mh> ilijnl person (ho oNiiiuc 
 cases of <uV<>v are used, l\evit>\v l(tO. 
 
 A'Mh 
 
 VOCAHlll.ARY 
 
 »A{(vt), ♦;«, 1^, ajc. No. .'12. 
 
 • Sairavdw, Sa-iravi^crw, etc., spvnd, (Wiwnd. 
 
 ' <"yii, i^ioO or ftov, pers. pron., /, I, at in fj/o; alrongor form 
 l"YWY*> I for nn/ part, \,iiih\ Ciiii idem. 
 
 • Kara-o-K^irrofiai, etc., ricto riosch/. 
 
 • |Ad, mlv., /)//, used in nej^aiive oat lis. 
 
 . (vXov, .)«', r6, wood, piece (\f wood ; plur., wood, fuel. 
 
 • oJ, tlat. of, pt'ns. pron., of himself, liatin sju. 
 
 • oCiTw (01' + jru», !/et), adv., not i/ct. 
 ' irpo(r-f\avva», ride totoards or on. 
 
 » o-K^irrof&av (irNfTr). (rK^\)/o)jkai, etc., mid. dcp., ru'ic, .sjoy out, 
 
 search. 
 •o-v, (roO, pers. pron., thou, t/ou, Latin ffJ. 
 > <rx'l«» (<'^X*<'). J<rxi<ra, Ja-xio-dT]v, split. 
 ' upSL, av, ij, time, season, hour, proper time. 
 
 No. 32. dfii/»;. 
 
 '! 
 
'aw (hat the 
 
 lit) 
 440 1 * X i ' * * <^ 
 
 ;v« 6..r, .,0, „,. .v./j:sr;snr; ' "•< ''>^* •• 
 
 -*-*«. I. f »M.VH((If sni.mion,.,! vou '> n i . 
 
 No. 33. Bridle. 
 
llf) HKFLKXIVK, UFJUVliOdAL, AND POSSKSSIVK PRONOUNS, 
 
 442. The Life of Clearchus is in Great Danger. 
 
 T]7 Se amy rjficpc^ K\eapxo<; ^K€u ct? rrji^ dyopau ttju 
 napa no iroTapo). «Vet8i7 Se avrrju KaTea-Kixjiaro, df/.i7r- 
 TTCvct ndkiv cVt TTjv iavTou <rKr)ur)p Bid tov McVwi/o? crrpa- 
 Tcu/xaro? avu oXtyot? rots ntpl aiVoV. Ku/ao? Se ovnoi 
 5 >;k€i/, dXX* m rrpocnjXavue • ran/ 8e McVwi^o? (TTpaTKoTwp 
 ivXa iTxiidiv TL^ KXeapxou SieXavvovra ireipaTaL /SdWeiv 
 Tjj d^tvxi' dWo^ 8e XlOo) koI aXXo?, clra TraVrc?, kci? 
 Kpavyi) T/t/ (fyofiepd. 
 
 NoTKH._;i. iauToO: of fm„s,'IJ\ f,ls oitm.~7. &XXos : .sr. Trciparui ftd\- 
 
 LESSON XLVIII. 
 
 Reflexive, Reciprocal, and Possessive Pronouns. 
 
 / 44;J. Tlio rellcxivo pro!iouns are 4jxauTo{), ofmysdf, ccauToi), 
 ofi/oi(rsrlt\ ^auToO, iaur^s, 4auToi), of himself , heraelf, itmJf. 
 
 444. Losirii tlin (lo(dtMisioii of tliese proiiouii.s in 7(50. 
 
 445. Tho rcflcxivo i^ronouna aro compouiulod of the sttMiis of the 
 lw>rson:il pronouns (75!)) luid avro^. Hut in tho phiral tho two pronouns 
 aro docliiu'tl .soparatoly in tlio first and second persons. 
 
 ) 44«. Tho reflexive pronouns refer to ilie subject of the \ 
 clause in wliich tliey stand. Sometimes in a dependent clause 
 they refer to the subject of tlie leading verb, — i.e. they are 
 indirect reflexives. 
 
 Thus, d<^i7r7rcvtt iiri rijv avTov (TKr)vrjv, he rhfea away to his own quarters; 
 
 iKfXexHTe KPpos tov ' ApiijTnrTrov airoirefnJ/tu ttoos iavrov roix: fTTnuriMrtlc, 
 
 ... - , — .J 
 
 Cyrm ordered Aristippus to send the soldiers to him. 
 
i" OS (7r„o. ! " ''■"'^' '""' '"■" ''««1"'«<1 like ,.,ljo,:tiveH 
 
 44l>. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 o„« an../.., ''• ^""•' '^•^ *^'^' ^' ^^ (-0 448). po«. ,,„,, ,,, 
 
 imjlert. '' V^Ttpo,, a, 0. (SCO 418), our. 
 
 A+-t^.O«, d+H.,.,,„ (,^;, ^ '•7»«;;^ («- 446), reflex, pron., of 
 
 ^"-K return on horsL, , '''"''' ^''"'•^^'•^• 
 
 --00, ^,, oo («,, 4^,)^ ,.^.^,^,^ ^^^^^^ '<^*. -'J. -^^ (Heo 448), ponn. p,,,,, ,^y, 
 
 of hhmclf, herself, itself. "' ^T 
 
 WvroO, ^, («co 445), reflex, pron o^ ' . "* ^'^' "''°^'^^' •"''^■' ^'^'«'//- 
 myself. ^'""•' '"^ "'*^-P««' «- o" (see 448), p„H«. pn,„. 
 
 your. ' 
 
 4/)0 1 * ^ ^ » 
 
 ^X^Ls /cat tt;!. o-eauroi) cipy^^ a-c6r,Lc 7n' ' "'"r ^ '^"'^ 
 
118 REFLEXIVE, RECIPROCAL, AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 451. 1. You have your own province. 2. They carried on 
 war with one another.'* 3. He gets his own soldiers together. 
 4. They feared that you would neglect yourselves. 5. It is 
 time for us to deliberate in our own behalf. 
 
 NoTKS 1 Nouns with a possessive pronoun take the article wlien they 
 
 reier to lefinite individuals (809). — 2 Yor the genitive, rf. VM), 4. » The 
 
 genitive follows verbs signifying to neglect (846). — ^ Ugg tj^g dative (864). 
 
 452. Clearchus advances against Menon's Troops. 
 
 6 8e K\ea/o;^os /carac^euyet et? to iavTov crTpdrevfia, 
 Koi evdv's TrapayyiWeL €19 tol oirXa • Kal tov<; fih oTrXtrct? 
 avTov cVeXefcrc fxcvetv, ra? acTTTtSa? tt/oo? tol yovaTa €)(ov- 
 Ta9, avro9 Se Xa^uiv Tovq 0/oa/ca9 ot {who) xjcrav avT^ iv 
 5 T(x} aTpaTevfiaTL, rjXavvev eVt tov^; MeVoii^o?, ^ctt iKelvoi 
 i<f)ofiridy)(Tav /cat avTos M4v(x)v, koX Tp€)(ov(nv inl tol owXa. 
 
 Notes. — .3, avrov : adv., there, i.e. where they were. — tos d<rir£8os . . . 
 KxovTos : the left knee was slightly advanced, the shield set firmly in rest 
 
 upon it, and the spear held in readiness for defence 4. XoPwv : literally 
 
 having taken, second aorist active participle of XafifSdvu). 
 
 Jill I 
 
 No. 34. Greek Hoplites. 
 
NOUNS. 
 
 rried on 
 )gether. 
 5. It is 
 
 lien they 
 — 8 The 
 ^e (864). 
 
 THE INFINITIVE. 
 
 119 
 
 >7rXtrd9 
 
 X €\0V- 
 
 » '^ J 
 
 .IfTCO €V 
 
 iKeivoi 
 L oTrXa. 
 
 rCSas . . . 
 
 ' in rest 
 literally 
 
 LESSON XLIX. 
 
 The Infinitive. 
 463. The tenses occurring in the infinitive are the present ' 
 
 S m\ ''"''''' ''''' '^^^^"^ ''-'^^'- '^^^^ -^^^ 
 
 S '"" '" ""''"•' '^ '"'"^' ^^^^ - ^^- future and 
 
 454. Learn the eleven forms of the infinitive active, middle 
 and passive of Xtco in 7Go-770. "'luuie, 
 
 455. The endings are in the active cv and vat; in the 
 middle and passive o-eai. 
 
 450 The ending «v contracts with a preceding , to ctv (Xve-ev \Uv^ 
 
 ^i:t !: i ^r;;^?;-^^r ^^^n^^'^^^^^^-^ ^^'^ ^^-^ -^^^ 
 
 in fonn. ^^e^-vat). Ihe aonst active (Xv<rat) is irregular 
 
 rJxI' 7^\\''^"* ^^ ^^^^« i« recessive (58), but all infinitives in vat 
 (a XcWva. Xv ^vaO, ^ aorist active infinitive (XW, PouxJI) Jid 
 the perfect middle and passive infinitive (X^Xv^Oa.) Lcent tl. penult.^' 
 
 458. The present infinitive of elfxi! k etvai (79-5). 
 
 459. Learn the present infinitive active, middle, and passive 
 o± Tijiao), iroico), and SiiXdw in 781-783. 
 
 400. Observe that 
 
 (1) a -|- €L or € — a ; 
 
 (2) € + €t or i = ii; 
 
 (3) 4-€i or €=:;0V. 
 
«;«feae«a, 
 
 120 
 
 THE INFINITIVE. 
 
 I'll 
 
 III 
 
 461. Many of the uses of the infinitive are identical in 
 Greek and Englisli. E.g. : 
 
 1. Kupos KcAcuct Tov (TTparrjybv ^yiiaSai, Cyrus commands the (jenernl 
 to lead. 
 
 2. ^ovXofXiOa d7rox(Dpiiv, ire inish to rvithdraw. 
 
 3. (Tvvt^ovktvov Tois o-TpaTiwTttts fXTj TovTa TTOt^aai, I advised the soldiers 
 not to do this. 
 
 4. aSvvuTov iaTL ravra Troi^trat, it is impossible to do this. 
 
 5. Set Tous Ao;(dyov9 cTTrcvSeii/, //ie captains must make haste. 
 
 (!. ouToi iKai/oi r](Tav ras Kw/xas <j!>uAaTTCii/, ///ese icere sufficient to (juard 
 the vilkujes. 
 
 7. Trjv x^po-v €iT€Tptil/€. SittpTraaai ToX<i "EWrjai, he turned the country 
 over to the Greeks to plunder. 
 
 Thus, the subject of the infinitive is in the accusative (cf. 1 , 5), but it 
 is generally omitted if it is the same as the subject or the object (direct or 
 indirect) of the leading verb (cf. 2, 3, 6, 7). The infinitive may be the 
 subject nominative of a finite verb, especially of an impersonal verb or 
 i(TTL (cf. 4, 5). It may be the object of a verb whose action naturally 
 implies another action as its object, especially of verbs expressing icish, 
 command, advice, attempt, and the like (cf 1,2,3). It may depend on adjec- 
 tives, especially those expressing ability, fitness, willinyness, and the like 
 (cf 6). Fiiuilly, it nuiy ex})ress purpose (cf. 7). The negative with tlie 
 infinitive in these cases is ^i\ (cf 3). 
 
 i 
 t 
 
 5 
 
 4<}2. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 dSvvaro?, op, unable, impossible. 
 d^c{>6T€pos, a, ov, both. 
 avd-yKT], r;s, -q, force, necessity/. 
 d()>-iKv^o|iai (Ik), d(|>-C|o|xai, d<)>-iK6fJiTiv, 
 d(t>-t-y|i,ai, Come from, arrive, reach. 
 Sia-aw^w, bring through safely, save. 
 
 ^iri-Tp^iro), turn over to, entrust, allow. 
 
 \6xos, ov, 6 {cf. \ox-ay6s), company. 
 
 rpitria, Tp^t|/o;, ^rpcifra and crpairov, 
 T^Tpo<}>a, WTpa|L)iai, 4TpdirT]v and 
 irpi^9r\v, turn, direct, rout. 
 
 ^vyfif Tji, t; {cf. ipfuycj), flight, rout. 
 
 wit: 
 ~4 
 to gi 
 
THE INFINITIVE. -^^j 
 
 yap vp.a<; ^^T^,y q ^.y v //X^^^- ^. 'r)KOii^v 
 
 '.To^. ".4fr "^'"'"'^ -^^ -^' ^'-- -^^-'- 
 
 felS'oLSlr^^^^^^^^ - 7^7^ -OOP. ,. We, 
 this man to ,]o l.ann 4 W I ^ ^"" ""' '" "''""^ 
 
 Note 1 A genitive of sepwalion. Cf. 336, 1. 
 
 465. Pr„«nus i-terferes, and Cyrus comes riding „p. 
 
 avr^ a^rero ... o.X.ro.. _ eiJ^i, ol. el, ro ;.^,.o. cJ^L 
 ^eo-oi-, Kal Xeyet raSe. " ^ ° 
 
 witrorT3%:!:: *: r?"™ '- "- -'-....pte,! «„„ i, „.™ed 
 
122 
 
 THE IJS FUGITIVE. 
 
 No. 35. rb^ov. 
 
 LESSON L. 
 
 The Infinitive (cojitimiod). 
 
 4««. Learn tlie conjugation of tlie present and imperfect 
 indicative of (j)i]|j,i in 7.04. 
 
 407. All the forms of the present indicative of ^■q^il. are enclitic except 
 <i>rj<i. Review 1()8, KJJ). 
 
 4«8. 1. <|)Tio-l KXcapxov Tj-ycto-eai, he sai/s that Clearchus is 
 leading. 
 
 2. ^y\(T\v U|ids Ta«Ta iroiijo-ai, he says that j/on did this. 
 
 3. K€\€V€i KXcapxov ri-yeto-eai, he orders Clearchus to lead. 
 
 4. K€X€ii€i U|ids TavTtt Troiii<rai, he bids you do this. 
 
 In all the examples the infinitive is the object of th(> principal verb, but 
 in the first two it represents the words of an ori.t,nnal speaker and its tense 
 corresponds^ in time to the same tense of the indicative (the speaker says : 
 ¥.Xiapxo<i rjydrai. ravTa iiroirjaav)', whereas in the last two example*, 
 where the infinitive is the ol)ject of a simple verb of commanding, as 
 explained in 101, this distinction of tense does not exist, but both riyddOai 
 and TTOLTJa-ai refer to the future. 
 
 
THE INFINITIVE. 
 
 123 
 
 4««» lie mnat ve ,„ indirect ,«,.<,„„„ i, geno.ally tl.e 
 
 exi„c.Mm. Here „„„l. j,,,,, „f y,^ i,,,;,^;^.^^, corresponds in 
 tn«e to the same tense of some finite mood. 
 
 <% »««& a ,;r™< „„;,,, so that t/^ cnem,/ /,.ard Ln 
 
 473. 
 
 oirtKo, adv., immediately, forthwith 
 Y^vos, ouy, t6, family, race. 
 
 '"°r *'i' '""*"""• '^"'"""' ""'■ """j- '?^"™. '"""• 
 
 become, prove oneself to be. 
 8f|Xos, t;, 0. {cf 8v\6w), plain, evident, 
 
 manifest. 
 11, con j., or; ^. . . f,, either . . . or. 
 oftoXoY^w, 6no\oY^or«, e^c, con/ess. 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 opYiJo^oi ((5^7t5), opYiov^ai, e<c. {cf 
 ^py-f)), be angry. 
 
 irpo<r-^Kca, have come to, be related to. 
 o-TpoTdircBov, ov, t6, camp. 
 Tox^w?' (Cf Tdxa), adv., 7MtVj/.-/,y. 
 +^l*£ (0a), <f>^o-«, ^Tjaa, «a//, declare, 
 state, affirm. 
 
 EXX,.„ .^r, e.j .. S.f..- 3. i^ol 8e ^,<.. ^^o^lai 
 jm y..,Wa,. 4. H..o^5.n' oJ^y.-Co^o, .o/..^o.r., 
 
 ro^eSo. 7. o/.oXoyer, oS. .epJ ^^^ „'8«o. yeye^J,,; 
 
1 21 
 
 K: ti 
 
 TtlK IIVI'IMTIVK. 
 
 Xx^'l". r '"":"■ "'•"•' ^'■''""' -^'^'^ "'- "4 
 
 fTOLrjaovat. ' 
 
 474 I. AM ,..,„f,.ss l„u. (Vr,.s was l..v,.,l» hy (|„, ,;,,,„,<., 
 
 -. II- .,,.,,,,1,1 M„„, „,„ i„,.,„i„,„,„„„i,„,, „,„ :,, , ■ 
 
 ».™„s iw,,,„„.„..s. =.. Ti,.,v ,s,u,i M,„, „..„ „,.„„:, 
 
 -"■""">-• '• M.. ..us 1,.. will st,u. i,,.ro,v ,,,,;;,;,, 
 
 '"'I"'"-''- •'••'''->---•'- l,.,sUU. as to Ho^ ,.«,,,i,,.U,i,,.' 
 NoTKs.- -.1 Til,. .Inlivo MlosxH ViH'hH oxmvs^\uir „„mr (H(UU -2 • 
 
 :in ;,!i:' '"'.t "*• - ' ■■'"" -""■" ' ^'^ -'»■ •• ■'■"" '■•■"-"■' 'i-' 
 
 475. 
 
 Cyrus makes a Successful Appeal to Clearchus. 
 
 y-Huje .• c. yap nva dWyjXoc, /.a'^r,. ,r„„aV<ere, .„;..-^.„ 
 rroXv c^ou v<rrepor ■ ikr ydp ra ,5^eVc,>a «„«,;, ,V„ 
 
 tn-auo-ai/ro ap^ftoTcpoi. t^s 6(Oy^9. 
 
 N'oT»> - a. .,Ta»K4+.,e.. , r„i,,„,. |„„.r,.,(. i„ii„iiiv„ i„ uniu-oot ,ii, 
 
 ;:; , ";ir - '•,"'°° '"••"- ^ """'■ ■ •^•'-,-,. ;„■ ,, ,',„„:;,;.,,ir,C; 
 
 take (lio iroiutivtMS.iS^. -_(; |v lav-P ^-^ , ,• vi.u,^i(, 
 
 ,^„,,,. V • ' • *a '.^ .T"cxn : ra;«c' to InmsrIJ recovered /us 
 
T€ (WT(i) 
 
 (Ii(< licld 
 iK'i.^'c ill 
 ' (Mioniv 
 I liiin. 
 
 '^ in nirr, 
 -n'n„.y 
 
 'MIOIlillllH 
 
 
 o) 
 
 Kal 
 
 'ot (lis- 
 i iroXw : 
 
 SThWlS IN I AND V, 125 
 
 LESSON LI. 
 
 Stems in i and u of the Consonant Declension. 
 
 Vti^ Uuu'u Ihn cln.I.nsion of ^6Xts, <%, irfjxus, ./•......, 
 
 ddTu, fo,rn, uimI Ix^us. .M, in 71.s. 
 
 477. V0VV..I .slMMH M<l,l V in M.u,s.M.li,M.,s u.wl IV,ninin,.s |,o fonn M,. 
 ''"""• """ ' :7 '" "" '•-- '--Pt 11... ..o.ninuiiv., a.n.sul,iv.. nn.l Li^ 
 .0.. not allnd, M.o uccnt. Tl. g..,.il,ivo plural lollovvs iUr a,...',, of ti 
 
 ^'^^' VOCABULARY. 
 
 dKp6uoXts, .., ;; («,,„, 4. w.X«), ,,j,er X6y^r^, ,., ^, .,;,ear po/„7, spear. No. 41. 
 
 <'7//, rUatlrl, nrrojxdis, 
 
 8dpu, aros, t6, s/uvtr .s//,(//, uprar. No. 11 
 8vvo(Ais, ews, 7), (f/u7////, ;,„»;rr, /,rof>/As. 
 
 ir«vT«Ka(8«Ko, in(|('cl.,,///7(;fin. 
 irfjxus, fws, 6, forearm, ruhit. 
 
 SdpSfis, fuv, al, SardtH. 
 Td{i«, cws, i, (rj: Tdrrw), nrranffctnmf., 
 order, arrai/, divLtion. 
 
 zrora/.o\ eW. rh .Zpo,'^ ^XSpov;^ nXrjprj, 8' .';^^^.... 
 
 1. e<rn be /cat ^acrtXcia inl raU roG 7rora/.oi) Trr^yaZ^ vrro 
 rp aKponoXe. 5. ^.^^ rar^rrju r^. rroUv ^v yrjXorl^o,. 
 <>. epj<o nou XOy^uaicv dcrru 9,v dKp6no\c, KaXyj. 7. dvov 
 ^e ovTOL Kal Sopv ak {ahont) irevreKaiheKa Trr^ve...^' \A....^., 
 jov. ^ 8. Kdpo, 8' i^^racTLu TrocuraL rS^v 'VX\r,vcov kJtL 
 
 ■ 
 
 Hi 
 
 ^^H 
 
 
126 
 
 HTEMH IN I AND v. 
 
 Tarpdnr,, r,'. re Kipov SuVa^.. ,al ^o,piu <v«, Kal ri,v 
 aavrov ap^r,v cr^'^ag, ^ Zi 'Apra^dp^ov SuVa^c, ^o. avu.. 
 p-a-XOI eCTTW. 
 
 4«0. 1. lie I,,ul ganisons i>, the cities. 2. Tlieio are lish in 
 the.e rivers. 3. V.v Cyru« .sent the tribute.s fro„. the.se cities. 
 4. lluMe he m.a.le a review a,ul cnun.eratiou „f the (Ireeks. 
 o. if you make «.se of tlie Greek f„rce, you will easily con.mer 
 these bjirhariaiis. ^ 
 
 NOTKS 1 For the case, see 804. _ '^ Accusative of specifiauion (HIM). 
 
 (8. .,)._« .l//,v/>./... g-en,t,ve of ,..«..,,, (841, 5).-_o ^he adjective. See 
 the general vocabulary. •* 
 
 *^*' Treacherous Proposal of Orontas. 
 
 €«aC€ro h ec^ac ravra <is (about) 8co-xi\i<«^ Inn,^^. oSro,. 
 «ao^ «a. xopro. Kal dsOi.i^PV'rci^ou ^.. 'Op6vri, 
 de, n.p<r,,9 ar^p, ycWi « npo,TrJKo>v ra, 'Aprafepfj, «ai 
 6 ra ^o\e^.„ Xeyo^e.os ,raV« dya^o, dvox, eVt^ov\.„'« 
 K.V,^. ouros l\cf.^ o"n « „5ra; KCpo5 eVtrp#«e,. 
 avbpa.<i pXuyv;^ ^ roiys ^oXe^ui'dv, «ara,co,/,«.,. aV ,* aurois 
 ai' K-wXuo-eiE Kauv tov xoprov. 
 
 fZl"'"' ~,!' 'T"" ' '''■"'" "" ""'"P "P'^-'"" Cha,-,„an,ie. See tl,e map 
 
 genitive of ;».««.,,;«. (8 t:l). — oiroi : refer, t„tl,« 1 Pl«l.c,.t,, 
 
 iVir,,,,/ ■! .( - -»> , " lioiwinen implied n 
 
 ,„ . "'"""'' "^ «»<! .). Td iroX<|ua : in matters vertninmi} 
 
 parS,:";,r''"v" "'■ r"'''""''"" («^")-X.V.^.o,: pre^eift p.: f 
 participle, /,««,/.,„„/ or recl-oncl. —d. ,l airS «rX ■ OroiiH, ,.,i,l. -• ■ - 
 » /, V „ , ^ i^i/x.. i/ioniab said: et cuoi 
 
 KtuAuo-ttt/At ktA. (364). • 
 
 til 
 
PAIil CIPLES ACTIVE. 
 
 127 
 
 Koi Tr)p 
 
 (TOL (TVfJL- 
 
 ro fish in 
 !se cities. 
 
 Greeks. 
 
 conquer 
 
 'ion (8;M). 
 tive. Seo 
 
 LTTTTCDV ' 
 OVTOL 
 
 ^^Tj /cat 
 fovXeuet 
 peyjjGLev 
 avTOVf; 
 
 the map. 
 
 )i'edicjite 
 
 plied in 
 
 ^rtainhuj 
 
 passive 
 » » \ 
 
 et €[10L 
 
 jTov<i av 
 
 No. 36, Greek Schoolroom. 
 
 LESSON LII. 
 
 Participles Active. 
 
 482 The participle occurs in the present, future aorist 
 perfect, and future perfect tenses. ' 
 
 suffix is OT as Ai7o.vr A,T . - V ^ ^ perfect, where the 
 
 485. The present participle of el,i£ is Hv. oS<ra, 8v (795). 
 Tiu**"' .^'''*'''''''"' '" ''»''' '»"• ^'"1 o«.v are contracted. See 
 
 exactly iLloT" '" """" "" '"^ *^'^'' '^ '^-'^-'^ 
 
128 
 
 PAIi TICIPLEIS ACTl VE. 
 
 487. The partidple constantly occurs in Greek where 
 English uses a relative clause. E.g.: 
 
 1. O.V c^t'Act TO. ^acrtX«v'o.ra 'ApraUp^v^, she did not love Artaxerxes, 
 who was kuuj. ' 
 
 2. cVi rhv TTorap^hv nopevovruL, oVa r^ tZpo, ^XWpov, they proceed to 
 the rirer, trhich is a hundred feet ivide. 
 
 3 ToJ ToU Ttttov, XtaavTL uipy{^,ro, he was angry xdth the man xoho had 
 loosed the horses. 
 
 4 ovVot dacv ol ^p,a, ^dvra, d8cK^<TovT,,, these are the men who tvill 
 wrong you all. 
 
 An attrilmtive participle may thus be used like an adjective to qualify a 
 noun (cf. 1, 2); or the noun may be omitted, and the participle with the 
 article may itself be used as a noun (cf. 3, 4). These participles denote 
 t.me present, past, or future, relatively to the time of the leading verb 
 
 488. 
 
 &iT-li\<a, keep off; intrans., be distant. 
 
 PoTiG^w, poTje V«, iPo^Ori<ro, P«Po^eTiKa, 
 P«Po^0T]nai, run in order to aid, help, 
 assist. > 
 
 8w8fKa, indecl., twelve. 
 
 «{>voio, a J, ii (cf. cvvovs), good will, 
 fidelity. 
 
 oUiui, oIk^o-«, etc. {cf. olda), inhabit, 
 dwell; pass., be inhabited, be situ- 
 ated. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ol'ofiai, otYjo-onai, 4ifir\v, think, expect. 
 
 'OpdvTos, a (Doric gen.) or ov, 6, 
 Orontas. 
 
 om-irort (oid^ + wori, ever), adv., never. 
 
 irdp-eijAi, be near ov present; rd irapbvTa, 
 the present circumstances. 
 
 irpdcrecv {cf. wp6s), adv., before, pre- 
 viously. 
 
 <{>iX£a, OS, i} {cf (/>l\os), friendship. 
 XaX€ir6s, tJ, 6v, hard, difficult. 
 
 c 
 OL 
 
 489. 1. Tpiyjp€L^ y^p i^ec 6 Kco\io-cop oj/ta?. 2. .. 
 npoadep ^jpTiv^ fiorjeyjcraPTes rov^ SpKov<; XeX^KdaLv. 3. J 
 dvSpes o-rpaTL^Tai, xaXcTra eVrt ra Tra/ooVra. 4. ^ero y^p 
 Tovs KcoXva-opTa^ ehai rripdv tov norafiov. 5. wph? rro 
 TTorafx^ K<ofirj coKeiro, airixovda rov 7rorap.od irapaadyyrjp. 
 
PARTICIPLES ACTIVE. 
 
 129 
 
 ek where 
 
 A rtaxerxes, 
 
 I proceed to 
 
 an ivho had 
 
 n who ivill 
 
 qualify a 
 le with the 
 )les denote 
 J verb. 
 
 ink, expect. 
 or ov, 6, 
 
 id v., never. 
 r4 irapbvTa, 
 
 Bfore, pre- 
 
 dship. 
 
 2. ol 
 3 ' 
 
 (jj 
 
 ETO 
 
 yap 
 
 OOQ roj 
 OLyyrjv. 
 
 
 etxe^. 7. r<op y^p pIkcoptcou' icrrl /cat tcl iavr^u cra^C^cv. 
 
 8 epcOTa TL TO KCo\v6u' icTTL TTO/JCuW^at. 9. i<lyrj TOP flh 
 
 KaXws noLovpTa inaipelv, rov 8^ ^.h^Kovvra o^k iiraivelv. 
 
 4»0. 1. Those who dwelt by the sea were friendly. 2 He 
 sent men who would rescue the boys. 3. But he called those 
 also who were besieging the city. 4. Aristippus, who was a 
 friend of Cyrus, hastened to Sardis. 5. Here was situated a 
 prosperous city, twenty parasangs distant from the sea. 
 
 Notes. - i The dative of the indirect object follows verbs signifying 
 to aul, assrst, and the like (8G0)._ M)ative of cause (866). _» VrJJ, 
 genitive ot possession QM^y^Uhe thing which hinders, le. the hindrance. 
 
 *^*' The Traitor betrayed. 
 
 ^ tJo 8^ Ktpco dKoUaPTL Tama iB6K€L d<t>4Up.a elvai, Ka\ 
 
 eKeXevcrep 'Op6vTdv Xa/./3aV«^ fxdpo^ ^ap iKcicrTov t^v 
 
 WoVo)^. 6 8* 'Op6vTd, vofxtad, kTolt^ov, eha, avT^ 
 
 rov, ar^Spa, ypdcf>u inicTToX^v ^apd 'ApTa^4p^y^v Stl 
 
 ^V^a aTpaTLc^rd, ix^v dWd <t>pdcTaL toIs iavTov cTTpa^ 
 
 ncorat? eVAeve^ co, (as) ^t\ov airrhv inoSexeo-eaL. ivijv 
 
 Se cV tt; imcTToXr, Kal t^, 7rp6cTdev ^,\id, vnofjLuy}f,aTa 
 
 KaL mcTTeco,. Tai^Trju t^v cVtcrroX^ 8t'8a>o-t mcrrcS dvhpi, 
 
 a>9 (peTO • 6 hk Kvpcp SlSoxtlv. 
 
 Notes. 1. ra€ra : subject of ^SoVa. - ^i+^.^a : for the meaning, o/ 
 o><^eAea>._2. t»v ^^^.^W : the commanders of Cvm.,', na^].. trooDs !! 
 VT^V ''*''' *' Artaxerxes. - 6. air6v: i.e. Orontas.^Z. rfis^ipd. 
 o-e«v +tX(as : their former friendship (811). _ 8. 8(8aMri : he gives 
 
i.no 
 
 rAirncirLKs middu: and passivk. 
 
 LESSON LIII. 
 
 Participles Middle and Passive. 
 
 4J>2. Learn Mio sovon fonns of M,(. ,„i,l,li,. ,i,„i j,,,,^^;^,,, 
 padiciplrs of \f,<o ill 7(15-770. Ml paiticiph^s i„ os arc (iccliiu'd 
 hko itria6ik (7r,()). Loii,.,, tju! dccU'iisioii of XuGci's in 751. 
 
 4JKI. Tl.o «|H.,'iaI suMix (181) a.ldo.j 1., M„. (....m.. sir.,, i., M,,. ,„i,Mi,. 
 H.,.l pussivo t„ foi„, ||„. paitinpl.-s is h«vo. Hut M,,, a...isl passive us.-s 
 tho m.|,v.. .',„li„.i; VT, as A.-^^e-rr, aiul is <.xyt(,i,o. Tl.., iKM-f.-ct n.i.ldh, au.j 
 imssiv«« has Mio acuto on (,!u? penult. 
 
 4J)4. For (lie piuscnt participles of contract verbs in tlm 
 middle and passive, soo 7si -7H;J. 
 
 4J>r.. 'riu> participle may delino the einnunHtanci's of an 
 action, /v'.//. .* 
 
 1. To.\ (iap(iapov<i vlKy]iravTt^ otV.Se ^7ro/>c^,.TO, /.-//rv/ ihni hwl t'on- 
 qntinl llw harfxiridiis, t/ifi/ pronct/rd houir. 
 
 •J. dhiKi^BtU ai^rhv iTTiumu I struck h'nn hvcnme f had been wronfjed. 
 .*$. iiroptvovTo riiv x^^P^iy dp7rdCouT€<:, then (idrnmrd mrm/m;, the ro,u,fn,. 
 4. cVcpcu'ero cVi Tr)u ir6\ty nU crTrovSi, Troirjadfi.uo^, he procveded to 
 t/ic rttif to niah' the truce. 
 
 f). (r,.,^oT« tiv xdptv hfxlv ix^ifiev, if ,re should ho sared, we should feel 
 grateful to i/ou, 
 
 (J. fxuTou €'xo.v r^9 airov o-rparms r>p.u><: c't'o, iyivero rov K6pov ci<ovv- 
 fiox, Keparo,, although he mis at the eentre of his own force, nevertheless he was 
 beyond ( \t/rus's lefi wing. 
 
 7. wap?jv txoiv ottX^tcIs TpiaKoo-iows, he was there with .WO hoplites. 
 These participles express time (1), came (2), means or manner r3), 
 purpose (4), condition (5), concession (G), and «««ne/a«/ circ«m/ar,c* (7). 
 
I'AitncirLKH Minnu: anh passivk. 
 
 mi 
 
 I piiHsivo 
 
 <l(M'lill(Ml 
 
 M. 
 
 iMsivti uses 
 
 s in tho 
 
 W of ill! 
 
 hntf eon- 
 
 )(• rounfri/. 
 M'ecilnf to 
 
 hmld feel 
 
 OV €V<DVV- 
 
 ss he wan 
 
 nner (3), 
 ce (7). 
 
 4\H\. 
 
 VOCAIUJI.AKV. 
 
 ii.a.ri., aM/,„„, annnna ; ...i.l /«. ""^'^-''^'^P''''"' •^"'^" "^"«. -;..,.. 
 
 «C« (':/'. ''f), adv., oithhlc, h,'!/onil, be- 
 yond the rmrh of. 
 
 I'idlllf, 
 Xipp6vTi«ro«, «„, ^, //„. chn-HoncHv. 
 
 Kvpo, .A^ou, .„.,;, ,„,,;, .^^^ > J-^ ro., 
 
 out t.. „ioo '. . V "'" ""• '" '■•'"• "-'• "-.V .sl„.„l.l ),. 
 
 -n<i„. ,„::;,;, : ;i:i'::"'"r ;''.'^ ■ ■-" '""'^ -'«■--> 
 
Ill 
 
 132 
 
 BEADING LESSON. 
 
 499. 
 
 Orontas is brought to Trial. 
 
 6 8e Kvpo9 o-vWafJLfidvet 'Opovrdv, koX avyKakel els 
 TTjv iavTov o-KTjprjv Uep(Td<; tmp wepl avrov eVra, /cat tov<^ 
 T(t)v 'EXXtJvcop arpaTrj-yovs eKeXevcrev OTrXtVct? dyayelv, 
 TOVTovq Se raxOrjvai irepl tt^v avTov o-ktjvtJu. ol Se Tavra 
 6 iiTOLrio-av, ayayoVre? a>9 (<«5o?^^) TpLcrxiXCovs OTrXtra?. 
 KXeapxov Se /cai eto-o) Tra/oe/caXecre avix^ovXov ■ ovto<; 
 yap /cat ai^oJ /cat rots dXXoLs eSo/cet tt poTlix7)drjv ai 
 /LtaXtcrra roij/ 'iiiXX>/i/wj/. 
 
 Notes. — 3. oYovetv: second aorist infinitive (iiidicative ^yayoj/). In 
 line 5 the second aorist participle, dyayoVrc?, occurs. — 7. ovt$ : i.e. Cyrus. 
 iVot only Cyrus but also the rest cf the Persians thought that Clearchus 
 was the most prominent man among the Greeks. — 8. twv 'EXXVjvov : parti- 
 tive genitive with ixaXnTTa (842). 
 
 
 No. 37. Greek Armor. 
 
ALJJiCTIVE ISTEMS IN v. 
 
 IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES. 133 
 
 aXet €ts 
 cat TOU9 
 
 •e ravTOL 
 
 )7rXtTa<?. 
 
 ovTo<; 
 
 nrjdrjvaL 
 
 yov). In 
 I.e. Cyrus. 
 Illearchus 
 iv : parti- 
 
 LESSON LIV. 
 
 Adjective Ste.s In „ of t.e Consonant Declension. _ z„e.n,ar 
 
 Adjectives. 
 500. Learii the dpplpnei'r^n r.4? ♦ c » 
 
 -egul„ adjectives ^^ J IT : ^Lr' '" f' '"'" "^ ''"^ 
 
 h Y«.s, ^r6af, and iroXvs, much, mmiy, in 753 
 
 602. 
 
 airdet (c/. a^r6.), adv., here, there. 
 Mvs, era, iJ, deep. 
 
 hy<>s,hav., near, at hand. 
 
 f^^^^^'^^Hcf-vSo^a.), sweet, pleasant 
 »l|Aio-vs, ejo, V, half. 
 
 •^P^vT), 7/s, ;^, spring, well. 
 »*^Yas, MeTciX,, ^^a, great, large. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 iVio-etv, adv., behind, in the rear. 
 
 ''°^<'^, -oX-K^.iroU, much, many ;^oU 
 as adv., much, far. 
 
 TKTjv^o,, o^KTjv^aca, 4<rKV^<ra {cf ..,,^), 
 Td<j)pos, 0.;, ^, di^cA^ <rencA. 
 
 -X.. ajoft ^..r,o ^,y„., ^„, ^,s^^ ^ y-- 2. -. 
 
 A* 7 lU. ex« ro ,,/,to-v tov o-rpare^JMaros. 
 
134 ADJECTIVE STEMS IN v. lUHEGULAU ADJECTIVES. 
 
 504. 1. The wine was very sweet. 2. There Cyrus had a 
 palace and a great park. 3. The soldiers were in great hope.. 
 4. 1 hence they proceeded into a large and beautiful plain. 
 o. In this plain there were many villages. 
 
 NoTKs -1 The genitive depending on a*^.09, imHh, worthf, is tlie geni- 
 hve of value i^ -^ S,^.jecil.e genitive (841, 2), the fear that the barbarians 
 Jelt, not the fear that they inspired. -3 Inceptive aorist (l.'M, 3), went into 
 camp, enca,nped.--Y\,e genitive follows eyy.'s (8o0)._5«, tj,, ,,;idle cf this 
 day s march, /.ccros in this position (813) refers to ^part of the subject. 
 
 605. Cyrus makes the Charge: "This is not the First Time that this 
 
 Man has been false to me." 
 
 ^^era hk Trjv Kpi(nv tov 'Op6vTd K\4apxo^ i^-qyy^KU 
 
 Tol^ (f)i\oL<; cJ? iydv€TO • o{, y^p airopp-qrov ^v. iXefe hk 
 
 on Kvpo^ ^pxe tov \6yov cSSe. " nape/caXecra tfia^, 
 
 duSpe^ cf^CXoi, Stt(o<s (tvv tpTiv /SovXevofieuos o tl StKaiop 
 
 5 eVn Kal nph^ OeO^v koI irph^ avep<oTT<ov tovto npd^co nepl 
 
 'OpoPTd TovTovi TovTov yap rrp^Tov fxkp 6 e^o? narrip 
 
 eSojKep iTTTJKoop ehat ifioL- raxOeh Sk oJ? ^rj airh^; inb 
 
 TOV ifiov dSeXffiov o^To^ iiToUii-qaev ifiol ix^v ttjp ip 
 
 tdpSea-Lp dKp67To\Lp, Kal iyc^ a{rrop npocrnoXefjLwp iTroirja-a 
 
 10 TOV 7r/)09 €fi€ TToXefMov TTavVaCT-^at." 
 
 XOTKS. — 2. «s^Y^v*To: hmo it (the trial) ivas conducted. — 3. ^px* • 
 bej/an. For the following genitive, see 845. - 4. 6' ti : Hiatever, the nonter 
 of the general relative oVrt?, ^rc,, 5 re, u^hoerer, whatever. The relative 
 clause IS summed up emphatically in the following roCro. — 5. ,rp^|« • 
 aonst subjunctive. - 0. tovtovC: here, ^Nith an emphatic gesture, strono-er 
 torm of TOVTOV. - 7. €"8«k€v : rjave. - «tvai : expresses purpose (401, 7) - 
 9. air6v : subject of TravcracrOai. - xpoo-,roXc^div : by warring against (him), a 
 participle expressing manner (495, 3). 
 
 11 
 
 
VES. 
 
 IS had a 
 'X hope.3. 
 l1 plain. 
 
 the geni- 
 mrharians 
 went into 
 'lie of this 
 ibject. 
 
 that this 
 yycWe 
 
 UKaiov 
 (o irepl 
 nar^p 
 
 09 VTTO 
 
 rrju iv 
 'OLTja-a 
 
 ! neuter 
 relative 
 vpa^ta : 
 ti'onger 
 ,7)._ 
 Vim), a 
 
 ST£MS IJf A DIPIITHONO. jor 
 
 lESSON LV. 
 Stems in a Diphthong of the Consonant Declension. 
 
 BW. Learn the declension of BaaiX.^c /„•„„ »„.„ 
 YPavs, «?rf ^,0Man, and vaOs, «/<«> in 749 ^ ' ''^' '""'• 
 
 a Short vowel. The genitive .„,„W ,„., :;, I 'rilS .T':.- ^^■'"^ 
 
 508. 
 
 Air.*pxoHai, come or gro a^^ay, retreat, 
 desert. 
 
 "Aprejiis, tSoy, :^, Artemis. No. 09. 
 
 PoOs, /io6., 6, :^, oa;, co..; plur., cattle, 
 oxen. 
 
 P«fi<5s, oO, 6, altar. No. 38. 
 
 YPa«s, ypa6s, i, {cf. y^p^,)^ old woman. 
 
 yvvii, yvmiKds, i}, woman, wife. 
 
 *7ra-8^(,Ve/ + 5^),coni.,r,Aen,,,Ve. 
 «PftTjv€vs, 4m, 6, interpreter. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 *PXo»tat (ip^, ix,o), ^X0ov, iXiiXvBa, 
 
 come, go. 
 
 cavalryman; p\uv., cavalry. No. 17. 
 vavs, i-etis, 7), ship. No. 43. 
 oOk-ovv (0^ + 05.), interr. particle, not 
 
 then? not therefore? expecting an 
 
 atfirniative answei-. 
 o-rpaTouc8.t;o^at, <rrpaTouc8«^ao^Lai, 
 
 e^c. (cf (TTpaTdTeSou), ,„i,l. dep., ^o 
 
 into camp, ennimp. 
 
 Kv/,05 ras ^avs /.€r£,r<a,/,aro. 8. roi. 
 
136 
 
 STEMS m A DIPHTHONG. 
 
 ye/ooi/ra? /cat ra? ypav<; KariXiTTov • ^Xtya"? y^p mO? elxoi^. 
 9^ Kol irapa fxeydkov ^ao-tXeoi? nap^p TLCT(Ta(f)€pvrj<s Kal 6 
 ri79 ^ao-tXeV yv^at/c^? aSeXc^o's. 10. o^/cou^; nap^ ygacrt- 
 Xea)9 TToXXot 7r^^9 Kvpou dn^Xeou, eVaS^ TroXe/xtot dXXyjXoi^ 
 iydvovTo / 
 
 510. 1. He sent the interpreter to 3 the generals of the 
 Greeks. 2. Let us plunder the king's country. 3. They 
 asked the king for cattle.^ 4. The expedition will be^against 
 the great king. 5. For Cyrus sent to the king the tributes 
 from the cities. 
 
 Notes. — i Dative of instrument (866). — 2 When the reference is to 
 the king of Persia, /JacrtAcvs commonly stands without the article. — » Trapri 
 with the accusative. _ 4 Verbs signifying to ask take two object accusatives 
 (8:J8). —^tfTTai (for co-crat). For the future, see 170. 
 
 511. 
 
 He cross-examines Orontas. 
 
 '' Mera raGra," 6(^7;, " (2 'O/ooVra, tl ere '^SUrjaa ; " diro- 
 Kptverai ^n ovhkv ^S^Kyjcre. irdXiv hk 6 Kvpos ^pc^rd, 
 'I OvKovu vcTTepov, 0)9 auTos (TV 6p.oXoye:<;, ovSh vn ifiov 
 dSiKovfiepo^ KaK^S inoUL^ Trjp ifx^v X^/^^i^;" etfir) 6 
 6 'Op6vTd<;. ''OiKovv:' i(j>rj 6 Kdpos, "ottoV aS iyCypcocTKes 
 TTjp o-avrov SvVa/xu', iXdoju inl top ttJs 'Apre/iiSo? /Bcofiov 
 Kal Trddd^ ifxk TTto-ra irdXiv eScoKdq p,oi Kal eXa^es nap" 
 ifiov;'' Kal ravO' (ofioXoyei 6 *Op6vTd<s. 
 
 Notes. — 1. t-: cognate accusative (S^3), ivhat wrong did I do you? — 
 
 2. oiB(v : the answer r f ' ntas in his own words was oiSh ^S^Kr/cra^, you 
 
 did me no wrong. oiScV is e neuter accusative singular of oiSet?, no, none. 
 
 — 4. dSiKovjitvos : ante, .ve participle (495, 6). — 2<j>tj: said '' Yes." ~ 
 
 ^ [uiriicipie, nceiineu like ckoji/. — v. tdtoKas : did 
 
 you give. 
 
 00 
 
 in 
 
 en( 
 to 
 
 do'i 
 
 tJii 
 
did 
 
 h 
 
 RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 137 
 
 No. 38. ^w^6j. 
 
 LESSON LVI. 
 
 Relative Pronouns. Genitive Absolute. Numerals. 
 
 8.f/*" ^^'Z'^'^''^.' P'"'''""''' ""'' ^^' ^' ^' ^^^^' ^^'^'^^' and 
 
 ^rj'fi' T^\ J'' '"' ^^"^^^^^^^- The latter is called the 
 
 indelinite relative. 
 
 613. Learn the declension of 6s and Scttis in 764. 
 
 encm c Tt9 (3o4) each part being separately declined. 2 „ is so written 
 to distinguish it from 5tl, that, because. "^" 
 
 c^o.?LlV7^'V"'^^^' ^^'^'^''^ -pax^YovvTos, ^A^. was 
 aone when Olearchus was f/eneral. 
 
 2. (ierd raOra K«po« mX.^ovtos 'Opdi^av dirdvouaiv, «ft,r 
 «'««, at the command of Gyrm, they lead Orontas away. 
 
138 
 
 HELA TIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 <-! 
 
 These participles are ctrcuM.tan,ial i^), and express time and cam-.; 
 each luodihes a noun in the genitive; the noun and participle are no 
 granunatically connected with the main construction of the sentence. 
 
 r,l« A noun and a participle not grammatically connected 
 with the main construction of the sentence may stand by them- 
 selves in the genitive. This is called the Genitive Absolute. 
 
 r>17. T.earn the first ten cardinal numerals in 7r,o, and the 
 declension of els, 6vo, rpcls, and rcTTapes, in 757. 
 
 518. 
 
 els, fila, ^v, one. 
 
 ^l-tXavvw, drive out; intrans., march, 
 
 march on. 
 Z€vs, At6y, 6, Zeus, highest of the gods. 
 
 Nos. 52, 61. 
 
 KOTa-irpoTTw, do thoroughly, accom- 
 plish. 
 
 <5s, 7;, 0, rcl. pron., ivho, lohich. 
 
 «}<r.Tts, vns, Sti (6's + Tis), rol. pron., 
 whoever, whichever. 
 
 ovS-(is, ovSefila, ovS^v, declined like eh 
 {ov8^+ds),none, no, nobody, nothing. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 o-TdSiov, ov, t6, stadium, stade, GOO 
 
 Greek feet. 
 <rTpoTT,Y^«, o-TpartiYVjo-w, ^o-Tpar^YTj- 
 o-o, ^o-TpaT^iYTjKa (rf. aTparriyds), 
 be general, lead, take command, 
 command. 
 o-wT^p, rj^.os, 6 (cf. crv'fo.), preserver, 
 
 savior, a title given to Zeus. 
 T^TTopes, a, four. 
 Tp«is, rpla, three. 
 
 TpCros, V, ov {cf. Tfeh), third; rb rplrov 
 as adv., the third time. 
 
 519. 1. ^ye/xoVa alrelTe' o(TTL<i'' ifia<; dnd^eL. 2. e'fe- 
 XavVa Sid ^pvycd, araeixhv iva el, ttoXlv olKov^iiv-qv 
 ev^ai^iova Kal f,eyd\7jp. 3. ^aav 8k alroU fioeg ot?9 
 ejvorav Toi Ad r^ aojrijpi. 4. i^^ Ka\^, Karanp^^co i<f>' 
 a (TTparevofxai, Kard^^o ifjid, OLKaSe. 5. fxerd radra, (2 
 'Op6pTa, iarnp' S tl' ere yj^iKy^cra; 6. Kipox, 8k KeXev^av- 
 TO, ApLo-TLTTTro, dneTTefx^eu 6 el^e o-rpdrevfjia.' 7. ivrevOep 
 
(O 
 
 
 RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 139 
 
 iUiuova. Kipov arparriyovr^o, crra0po(>, rp.U i„l ^6. 
 M/'ar,. ^ora^o., oS f,v rh .Ipo, rdrrapa <rrdSca. 8. eV 
 
 TTcpi ^eo-as TO/tras, ouSe^Ss Kco\i5oM-os. 
 
 r^O 1. And with her he sent horsemen whon, Menon had 
 2 Whoever of you did this was unjust. 3. Cyrus sent him 
 g.fts which are regarded at eourt^ (as) precious. 4. Whin 
 Oroutas had confessed this, Cyrus spoke as foUows. 5. Th re 
 
 the relative clause (829), f^ Lwii: /'""""«'«<»-" f »W"oted into 
 
 ^^** Oroutas confesses his Treachery. 
 
 y f.:' i<l>r, 6 Kvpo,, "d8,Kr,0u, i^' if^ov vvu ro 
 
 o.8e. aS«^^e., e..^o„Xeve. ^,^.e. 6 Kipo, „^oV, 
 
 _ 0/.o\oyet, o«^ n.p, if,^ dS.Kijaou;" -O^oXoyS," .>„ 
 
 6 o 0/,o.ra, "a.ay«, y„>." ,-, ,„„Vo. ^a'Xc. i<^„I! 
 
 o K.,o. -En o5. „V .r,, ™ ^^,- ,S.X4.^ I'J I 
 
 e/.o. 8e^,^.Xo5 .„! „,^r6,r 6 8^ dno.piuerac, "OiS" 
 
 «t €4,,^, 0, Kv/,e, 0-06' / dv wore in So^cufi,." 
 
 4.dS«W: infinitive in ind.Lt di !: f /^o" 7:: "" T"'' " 
 
140 
 
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 
 
 No. 39. /3ai}, /3oi5/ 
 
 LESSON LVII. 
 
 Conditional Sentences. General Suppositions. 
 522. Review 301-305. 
 The suppositions expressed in 304 are particular (302). 
 
 r>2.-5. 1. €av Tis kXctttxi, KoXdJcTai, z/aw«/ one {ever) steals, 
 he is {always) punished. 
 
 2. €t Tis kXc'tttgi, CKoXdJcTo, zj «%«/ ori(3 {ever) stole, he was 
 {always) pu7iished. 
 
 Here the suppositions are not particular, but general (302). In the first 
 example, the supposition is present ; it is introduced by iiv, if, and has 
 the subjunctive : the apodosis has liere the present indicative, but it may 
 have any present form denoting repetition. 
 
CONDITWNAL SENTENCES. 
 
 _ 524. Present general suppositions liave i&v with the sul> 
 junetwe :n the protasis and the present inUicat v (o . ^ 
 other present form denoting repetition) in the apodosis! 
 
 but it .„a, have Ly past ^J:^.^^^^ ""'"*°' ""'"''"™' 
 
 525 Past general suppositions have cl with the o,,tative 
 the protasis, and the imperfect indicative (or some o£ for 
 denotnig past repetition) in the apodosis. 
 
 526. Review 306, 307 ; 316, 317 ; and 303, 304. 
 
 in 
 m 
 
 627. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ocC, adv., always, ever. ' 
 
 «K.wo8(6v ii^ + no6s), adv., out of the 
 way. 
 
 ^iriKovpTjua, arcs, t6, relief. 
 €p7ov, oy, t6, work, deed. 
 
 Ky^TTW (KXeTT), kX^^«, *"KX«,|,a, K^KX0«f>a, 
 
 K^KXt^^ai, ^KXdinjv (cf K\ci^), steal. 
 KoXdS« (/coXaS), KoXdo-«, ^K6Xoo-a, k€k6. 
 
 Xao-noi, €KoXd(ret|v, punish. 
 ov-iroTs (oi5 + TTOT^), adv., never. 
 
 iror{, adv., once, ever (enclitic). 
 
 irovs, 7ro56s, 6, foot. 
 
 iTTHo-xv^Ofiai (cre;^), {.Tro-o-xVio-o^at, W- 
 «^XotiTlv, itr-^o-XTj^ai (^7r6 + e-;^^), 
 AoZrf one.se(/-M«(fer, undertake, prom- 
 ise. 
 
 Wo-X!J«, ;oose ftenea^/i; n.id., nntie 
 
 one's sandals or shoes. 
 'I'cvSo^ai, t|,«^flro^iat, 4+cvo-d^r,v, i'^.v- 
 
 o-jAai, ^ie, c/iea^, rfecei?;e. 
 
 528 1. e. ry v.o<rxo.ro- n Kvpo,, ovW. .V^^8..o. 
 - -.^- .„.j.ot a^c rou9 ^«/.o«'?, «d^* ^^ Suuoh cJcc o-<„7«^ 
 
142 
 
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 
 
 Xevaa. 6. idp 719 tl ayaOov ^ KaKhv TTOLyjcrj} a^roV, iel 
 vlKav' TrecparaL. 7. oiS^ y^p du fxe 6 fiacnXev, inaLvoCr). ei 
 dSiKoCrju ous (/>aou9. 8. aVS/3e?, idu /xot ireLCTdiJTe,' rodrou 
 Tov avOpajTTov iKiro^t^v Troirjcreo-ee. 9. et ifiels idiUre. 
 opfxaadai, i7T€o-eaL Vfilp fiovkoixai. 10. /cat €t n? a{rrS 
 SoKoirj Twu^ irpb^ tovto to ipyov TeTayfxdva^v crxoXatoi? 
 TTOielv^ TOP inLTTJSeLoi/ iirauv. 
 
 r,2J). 1. He is uhvays enraged if anybody deceives him. 
 2. If they caused us trouble, we punished them. 3. If he 
 promises anybody anything, lie never deceives him. 4. He beat 
 his soldiers if they did not obey. 5. He never came to my 
 house,7 unless he was sent for. 
 
 JfoTEs. _ 1 /.e. TLVL (763). _ 2 Second aorist optative. — 8 ^«,,w the 
 niyht, accusative of extent of time (8;3G). _ 4 /.e. Kal idv, even if. — ^to be 
 superior, to outdo (uim). — 6 With the force of the niid.lle, obey. - ^ rraph ifi4 
 
 530. 
 
 Clearchus advises that Orontas be put to Death. 
 The Others concur. 
 
 7rpb<s TavTa Kvpo<; eXefe to2^ irapodcTiv, " 'O fieu dprjp 
 ravTa fieu TrenoLyjKe, ravra 8^ Xeyet • Vfx&p Se av Tr/awro?, 
 c3^ KXeapxe, \4^ov 6 tl (toi SoKrer." KXeap^o? 8e eXefe 
 raSe • ''tvfi^ovXevco eyco top dvhpa tovtov eKirohaiv ttol- 
 6 elo-dai, ha p.7jK€TL Sey to^top ^vXaTTea-Qai, dXkd axoXr) 
 V rjfilp 701)5 (jyCkov? ed iroielp." Taxrrd he ^-q koX tov^ 
 oKkovs Xefat. 
 
 Notes.— 1. irp6s raCra : in view of this, thereupon. — rols iropoCo-iv • to 
 those present ^lS7,l^ audi). -a. raixd : i.e. rd avrd. -^^y^: /...Clearchus, 
 when the trial was over. 
 
WoPj act 
 
 UPOLT), el 
 
 -^ 
 
 , TOVTOV 
 
 iOiXere 
 t9 avTco 
 )^oXaift>9 
 
 es him. 
 '. If he 
 He beat 
 3 to my 
 
 — ^ to be 
 
 rapa ifxe. 
 
 » \ 
 
 J^ avrjp 
 
 'pMTO^iy 
 
 ■■ eXefe 
 
 OP TTOL- 
 (T)(oXr) 
 
 Lt rou? 
 
 Oo-iv : to 
 iarchus, 
 
 lESSON LVIII. 
 Conditional Relative Sentences. 
 
 to.KUt.on.l force, ond ,s allied a coiKlitional relative elause 
 11. s eondumnal relative clau«e elands i„ the relat on o a 
 l-rotas. to the antecedent clause, which i« its a; ol It^ 
 negative is always ^Lr\. H'^uoms. its 
 
 533. Review 304,'30o; 30fl, 307^ 316, 317, 363, 364; 523, 624, 525. 
 
 533 A conditional relative sentence differs from a con- 
 di lonal sentence not in force, but only in form. Jt snijitn es 
 for the ordinary conditional particle .1, ./, a relative pronoun 
 adverb, but with the added idea of the pei«on, thing, t m 
 place, or manner, contained in the relative. 
 
 / should be doing whatever he wished. '^fi<^TTov av, 
 
 he lil^ "" ^"'^''"' ^= "" " ''''"^'™" 3>7) '"^^-^ ' "■'■« <io .hu,e.er 
 
 eJ^heZ!:^''' ^= " " ""■'''■'"• ^"'^> '^''«""« -• ' """"" "" «"'"- 
 
 5. 5 T. S. ^„A,T,„. (=«. r. /J„A,ra,, 524) .parr., / („/„■„,,,> „„ 
 r.ha>e.er he w,she. ; S „ ^„^A„.ro (=<r r. ^„A„,r<„ .,01) l^'Z; 
 (always) did whatever he mkhed. V wparror, / 
 
144 
 
 Rf! 
 
 I 
 
 CONDITIONAL HELATIVE SENTENCES. 
 
 S.M. II.. particles ifcos, ifarc, dxpt, K^XPt, «..^^7, follow the 
 vonHtruction of conditional relatives in both fonns of future 
 conditions (o:j;3, a and 4), in nnfnUilled conditions (5.a, 23, ,,,,^ 
 in present and past general suppositions (o;j:j, 0). 
 
 w.v?/^''i i^•'";^^'^^^P^^' ^'^^'•^' ''>^^^V, is used in the same 
 
 5/o/> until 1 bnuf, you home. ' 
 
 r>3($ irpiv, />./.,,, is followed also by the infinitive (471), but 
 only when the leading clauye is aflirniative*. 
 
 537. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 im, conj., as long as, while, until. 
 Jdfc), tVjo-w, live, he alive. 
 l&vri, 7;y, i^, belt, girdle. No. 44. 
 Odvaros, oi;, 6, ciea^/t. 
 Kaip<is, oO, 6, fitting time, occasion. 
 Kara-X^w, unloose, Aa/<, (iwsoiue, waite 
 peace. 
 
 KaTa.<)/ti(})C5onai, mid. dep., vote against 
 
 fidxofiai, naxoOfiai, ^|iax€<rdntjv, ^^d- 
 Xtijiai (f/. ndxv), fight, give battle. 
 
 iirdrt, rel. adv., when, whenever. 
 
 irpoo--Kvv^«, irpo<r-KvvVi(rw, irpoo-.cKvvTj- 
 o-o (c/. fcux/efw, kiss), make obeisance 
 to, salute. 
 
 irpoc-TdTTtt, assign, give orders to. 
 
 \l\6%, oD, 6, fodder, forage. 
 
 538. - 1. „f,os fiXo, eVrl^ 6 Kvpo, ^ aV .^^05 g^ 2.- oVov 
 
 b. Tovrov, Tov, ,TTa0p.oh ndw u-aKooi,, eVon..;„.,.„ A_.'_. 
 V ^po, v8o,p fioUXocuTo ,V«. ^ nph, xiXoV. 7^ oi;« aV' ,rp'o7 
 
)llo\v the 
 •f future 
 , 2), and 
 
 he Hame 
 inplies a 
 
 / icill not 
 t71), but 
 
 Jc battle, 
 ever. 
 
 0<r-«KVVT|- 
 
 obeisance 
 rs to. 
 
 '• OTTOV 
 
 5. €yoj 
 
 
 irpocr- 
 
 coNmrw^AL liKLA-nvt: i^entksves. 145 
 
 80.. .„u, /^«. i.o^<„p,.„v.. K, „, ;„^„,.^^^ ; '^^ 
 
 r,;«». 1- We vvili trust the gui.letlatCyms. sends. 2 Aiid 
 .n eon„.^y w,th^ you I .hall be i„ l,,.,^,, ,:,,„,,,'; ^^^ 
 
 4. J.et there be a truce until I leturn. 5. VVe shoul.l f...„. 
 UHe the boats that you n.ight sen.l u«. "" "" 
 
 nM to the case of its antecedent (SL'S) 1 '■i^,, „! ■,; "'"T '^ ""'"" 
 «.; a ,.,.ep„,itio„ i„c>„„e,i i„ a c„,n„ou,„. vl ^ r.'' " nt "^f' 
 .ollows ve...,s si,„if,i„, . ,„,,, ,„„ „/(,,,,^. _ , ,.; J;;)- - J •-_^«™u,ve 
 
 ^*^^' Orontas is led away. 
 
 e?,yo. avro. oc, npo.rerdx0v, xal oi np6<T0eu npocr- 
 Kvvovur., ar,ro. .al (even) roV. .pocre.^.r,.a., .aijpi^l 
 
 ^^<rvxev, crxrinrovxov .t<.roC rS Kipa, oVo,, ^.ri raCra 
 o.6e^^.pt at,rov r,.ov.. o.i8a',. etVa^o. 8^ a'XXot aXXo., 
 
 77, weutrt, uuc 111 4 cTTi Uavarov, to exerutinn 1 ^-/ 
 
 «*^»,/, stveugthening t„e following .o..eul^ partSp n^ .«:'"" ' 
 
146 
 
 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 
 
 LESSON LIX. 
 
 Comparison of Adjectives. 
 
 541. Most adjectives add rcpos to the stem to form the 
 comparative, and xaTos to form the superlative. 
 
 ^•'>S"'IVK. COMPAKATIVK. SUl'KRLATIVK. 
 
 Triaros (Tnaro), faithful 7na-T6-Tepo^ Trto-To-raTos 
 
 7ro\/.f.io<: (TToAe/xto), /,o.«///e TroAc/xioi-repos TroAc/xioi-Turos 
 
 da<f>aXris (dac^aAca), safe da<f>aX4a-Tepos da^aAcV-raros 
 
 642. When the penult of stem* in o is long by nature, or the vowel 
 of the penult is followed by two consonants, the stem remains unchanged; 
 otherwise o is lengthened to «. For the declension, see 750. 
 
 643. Some adjectives, chiefly in us and pes, are compared 
 by changing these endings to i<av and icttos. 
 
 POSrnVK. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE. 
 
 V8v^, sweet ^8-t<ov rJS-to-ros 
 
 ulcrxp6<, shameful al(Tx-Uv atirx-KTTO^ 
 
 644. Learn the declension of T|8ia)V in 7.52. 
 
 646. Adjectives of the comparative degree take the genitive. 
 
 Thus, o^Tot KaKtov^^ dcrc Tiov dXXiov, these are greater cowards than the 
 others. 
 
 646. Adjectives in the superlative may be followed by the 
 partitive genitive. 
 
 Thus, TTifiiru ra>v ireXraaTwv roi,^ layvpoTaTov^. hn sevd'^ *}>- of^^^^^^- 
 of the light infantry. ^ 
 
 9. 
 
orni the 
 
 IVE. 
 
 ITOq 
 ttTOS 
 
 he vowel 
 changed ; 
 
 mpared 
 
 Jiiitive. 
 than the 
 
 by the 
 
 ?/*<y^oi £3 Ant 
 
 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. I47 
 
 548. 
 
 al<nCP<is, d, 6;., shameful, disgraceful 
 BaPvXJiv, wws, ^, Babylon. 
 Pfos, 01/, 6, Z(/e, 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 <rK€vo<()dpos, 0^, hagcjage-carrying; <tk€vo- 
 <p6pa as noun,pac^-awmaZs, baggage- 
 train. 
 
 7«va,, Yci5«r«, cVv<ra, y4y,vi,ai, give a ravvs eia ^ ^r/" . ' . • , 
 
 taste: mid.. ^a.s-/.. »XVS, e.a, . (cf ra^a), ^mc^-, ,^,^/^. 
 
 taste; mid., tosile. 
 i^<r«s, adv., per/mps. 
 KiXiKfa, a?, ^ (c/. K/Xtf), Ci7icm. 
 irXafcriov, 01;, t6, square, of troops 
 
 XPOvos, 01/, 0, ^ime, season, periotZ, 
 
 TfXcVTd.., T.X,VTyi,r«), «T<\,«T,TO, T.- 
 
 TA.(lT,,„a, 4T.XivT<i9,,v (c/ rrteurO, 
 (ii-mw (0 an end, end one's life, die. 
 T«X<uTVi, «t, « (</. rAoO, end. 
 
 X^W ,8,0.0, o.W^ ,^,.„^„.. 5. W.o„, ^^„1 o^t 
 Trapa ^aanku ovtcov. 11. To-wc o,^. «'^^ \ ' 
 
H8 
 
 COMPAltlSON OF ADJMVTIVES. 
 
 5B0. 1. V\m road is narrower. 2. All were most faithful 
 to the lung. 3. Now we will proceed by a longer road. 
 4. Ihe satrap was a very unjust man. 5. Of all the Persians 
 l-yrus was most able to benelit his friends. 
 
 Notes. > Genitive of the time within which (854). _ ^ xi,e ™nitive 
 follows veri« .,,,„iryi,„. ,„ ta.t. (840). _« .w.,,,^ accusative (88.5 Z 
 the ^shnrtest roaU 'AU.cHual .accusative, >,,//,._ 5 .<„,™^,VoL , i^ 
 Wa, ,.u,le,.»too,l, the .sul.jcct of ™p.„Wfc._.,„ ,„/ (%,„W0 ^ 
 greater security. ^ kju.uiuhj, m 
 
 ^^^' Advance. Midnight Review. 
 
 racTLv noLelrai r^v 'E}Xy^vcov koX rQ>v Bap^dpcop iv r<2 
 7TeSCa> nepl f^ead, v^Kra, • e'SoWt ydp rfj av>to^ ^^eip 
 6 PacLkea crvp tco arparevfMarL ixaxo^ixevov. Kal iKiXeve 
 Kkeapxop fih rod SeftoD Kdpco<s vyelcreaL, McVo^m 8^ rod 
 €{,copi^p,ov, a{rrb? 8^ roi^g iavrod SteVafe. /.era 8^ r,)^ 
 i^eracTLv a>a r^ ^/.6>a ^Vo^reg avrSfMoXoL napd fxeydkov 
 
 NoTE8._4. «6Ka: y^g /Aou^^^ _ xfj aCp.ov : sc. ^f,4pa (811), the next 
 
 4954 TlTJ' r 7'''- 'f''' ^"^^^^^^'^' -pressing ;,..;... 
 the lelt of the entire Greek force.-8. ^^^^p^ : the dative follows «>« (SU4) 
 
 I 
 
 ■I 
 
 11 
 
 No. 40. f/0or. 
 
 Hi 
 
 :y 
 
faithful 
 ir I'o-dd. 
 i^ersiaiis 
 
 genitive 
 (885), by 
 us limits 
 tion), in 
 
 OS efe- 
 
 KeXeve 
 Se Tov 
 
 >e TTjV 
 
 yoKov 
 arta?. 
 
 lulirect 
 
 imrpoae 
 
 'ov) on 
 
 (SU4), 
 
 PRESENT SYSTEM OF VERBS. I49 
 
 LESSON LX. 
 
 Present System of Verbs. Indirect Discourse. 
 
 by m...^.. It will now be developed by Tense Systems. 
 553. The following tense systems liave been presented • 
 
 2. F..ur. system including the future active and middle. Ter.se suflix 
 - A, tense sten. A.cro/,. Thus, A^.., AW/.at. Cy: 1:50 17^'""^'^ 
 
 3. /'„•., aori,t system, including the first aorist active and n.iddlo 
 I-se su,hx .„, tense sten. AvVa. Thus, l-A.Va, e.A.Vc£;; ,y HS,- 
 
 pl«tA.A.;"\^.:^l:^ -W (first 
 
 tense stem AeAu (future perfect AeAuo-"/ ^ Tl.n« :k.':k • x w '^' 
 
 AeAvVo-/.ai. C/:i85, 18G. '''''"^ A> ^J'"^ AeAv-/.ai, e-AeAi;./.^,, 
 
 Tel ^;];!x TlJt "' ^'t"^r.*'' '"* ^^'-'^^ ^"^ «-^ ^"^-- P-slve. 
 lense sufhx ffc, lengthened to Or, in the indicative (first future nassivp 
 
 €-Av6/jy-i/, \vdyao-fMi. Cf. 195, 198. ^ ^ ' 
 
 hrioflv'/'", *'r r'"'"""'S '«"«' «y«tems have also l,oen 
 n ay con,sKlere,l, the second aorist («,), second perfect (114 
 llo), and second passive (107). In the followino- lesson- thp- 
 will receive fuller treatment. ' "" •*' 
 
ir>o 
 
 /•A7';.s7c\v7' srsTh'M OF vianis. 
 
 
 'is 
 
 HI 
 
 ««ft. «'or,juK.U,> ll„. |„,.«.„(, nysU;u „( \U in 7(ir,, ,,ivi„j; (|,„ 
 '«- » M. ,„..l,.,, ,,„„„. a,- ,.„/„„„M, ,i,.,st i,. ,,„. ...iv.., aL i„ 
 tlio ini(i<||(> jiikI [.jis.sivc. 
 
 nr.«. Tlu. Synopsis <.f any systo.n of m, v,mI, ..onsisls „f (h, 
 ^-•st .>nu n. ond. tvnso in each n.oo.l of (i..,,, syst.n,, u.ntn.M.l 
 Hccordinsr j,, voices. ^'him^mi 
 
 Thu^ Mu« synopsis on ho prosonl, spl.,,. of A.5o. in M„. adiv. is Xtf. 
 
 JfXD^ 
 
 <iiv.' llu« Nyuopsis of (,|,o pivscMit svmI.m.. of Ai5 
 l)assiv(v 
 
 '*•> in lli« middle jiiid 
 
 557. A ,hn;i quotation ,„■ ,,„„,stio,, gives tl,o ox,u.(, woi.ls 
 "I tlio o,,s,„al s,uM,k,.r .„• writer. 1„ „n Mhurl .|,.ol.,.lo„ or 
 .l"os„o„ tl.,. ori,^n„„l «„nl,s ,.„nl„r,„ to (l,o ronstruclio,, of tl„. 
 si'iKi'iico III wliicli tlii'y ai-o (iiiotwl. 
 
 nnH. In.liroi't .|.io(a(io,i.s may 1„, i„ti„,|,„.,Mi In 8ti or <bs 
 
 ':";, "'"' :''7'« voil., or l,v tl,.. inlinitivo , y, „o„,ctiii.es 
 
 i)> tho pari ic I pie. 
 
 «r..». Iiuliro,., ,/„,.,,;„„., follow tlio .same j,ri.i,.i,,l...s ,us i,i,Ii,,.ct 
 qiiolatioiis will, 8ti aii.l .bs, in rosar.l to tl.oir iiiooiIh ami teiisos. 
 
 n<M>. 1 . Ypd<t.«) iTTiaToXfiv, / am vril!,,,/ a h-tta- : Uyn 8ti 
 (or^<i,s) Yp4<t>" 4iriaToXiiv, /„• ,„,,/, tl,„l. he U writw., a /rtlrr. 
 
 -2^ Tl povWe. ; ,r/,„l do ,,„m wa„t ? 4p«,T^ t( (or 8 ti) Bov- 
 Ato-Bt, /)<■ luhs ir/hit i/oii want. 
 
 ( 
 
 I" ll.o«. ,.x,„„|,l,.s „ ,;„,|,1,. „,.„|,„„,v i» ,,,„„,„,| ,■„,,,■,,,.,/„. Tl.iK i,n„lv,., 
 " '■'"■ "-' «-"Pl.' u ,.|,„n,,,. ,„.,..,„„ ,„■ „,„ ,„,,, ,„. „,„ " , 
 
 ... ""■.... or not ..,,„.,„ls on ,1„. ,i ,„ i„ ,,;,„,,,,. ,, „;,,^,^,^, ^ 
 
of III 
 
 VUKSKNT SYsriat OF vmiis. 
 
 151 
 
 
 r»<n. 
 
 VOCAIIIJLAKY. 
 
 Acr+aXws ((;/'. d(f./>aX//s), adv .v*////;/ -« /» . , . 
 
 S'X"!'"', 8<{«C«', «.£AfLi,v, 6«.Yn«i, 
 
 irnin; iitlniit. 
 
 f/'7/;(r. 
 Tp/4.», »p<+„, jep,^a, Trtpa,.|»ai, (rpA- 
 <|><iv anil Mp<,),9,„, „,„,„■,■,//, s,,,,,,„r/, 
 tuninfuin. 
 
 /«(,»(,«,/««,.,.,„.,.,,„:„„,/„.,,,,. must .,v o„y/U. 
 
 J":n:::::::-Jriz;' "" ' "'■'-' " - » -> ^ 
 
 au <.u™ <r„Ucye™c .aJ rpeV^.ac air." ™ ,.r,,cir.„^a. 5. „; 
 
 no^rac, c.' «ara y,". ^^^ nopcv^crOau S. ac.0,/,0,. ueWot 
 ^ouXerac ^.r avr,2. rr,. nopdd. noulaOac, .opiCco. ou'™, 
 
 o.^.<^a re a<r,^„Xo>, «a2 ,1 ^^^,^0a. Se'o. .„Xc5, ^.a^o^^k. 
 
152 
 
 PitBSBxr srsTnu of vehbs. 
 
 .nlf ^'^ ^' ^^"'" "™ <"''""'ti"g the Greeks not to flee 2 Hp 
 alls h.s s„l,l,e.s together to consult, about the jo. „," 
 
 3. He onlei-s the exiles to take the field vviti, (/ ^' 
 
 4. I'ut" tliis fellow out of tl,e w.v r/ , "' ,'^''-''"'<^'"'«- 
 Meuon's soUliers was splitting wZ.' " ''" ''''' '"''* '•"^ °^ 
 
 For the dative t ,^;. f'",,f^'•'''"^ "■'"«/- '-«'^^ 
 
 vvv. — 6 Imperative 7 ,' , ,; 'roTa/xos Stu^ar^? ey^Vcro «' ah 
 
 « U.e the .ui ::« ;- ;';*;;:..'■'''■"' "-V"'« '-"■■«- auestio,,.!! 
 
 Use the subjunctive in a final clause. -» Use the 
 
 jsent. 
 
 564. 
 
 Council of War. Speech of Cyrus. 
 Ta>. EXA^..^ crvue^ovXevero re n^, aV r^. uavr,. ^2 ' 
 
 ro..o .,o. U^o. .We oS. „V8,« a^oc 4 e' W pS 
 
 K0TEs._2. 4v«»tTo: the ;>mon changes. C/-30n 1 q 
 verbs signifying »„, take fhe ^J^~'- "-."'"'T ^"'"''''"' ^ 
 
 expresses cau,,. (495, 2). S„ .0^,^. in the n„x tlii^e "' 1 '" ''"'■'"''''" 
 accusative iilnral masculine „f • - , ~ ^- "O'vov, .• Srai-^r, 
 
 ^^ -.0 ... !.esu,nes r^ I' tz:^::^: zt"'-' "^ ^^"*°'- - 
 
 imperative iX.vQtpia^ • fl,. .... -f f ^^''' '''" ''^ ^''''•*' ««^^«"/.— 0. .Vt«: 
 
 .-itive of .... ^^:^r S^;:-T'^'-^ - «^-^^ -%, is the 
 relative is assuni,,e, to the'cL'f ^ZZ^:^!^^ ^"""- ''^^ 
 ol cau.. (851) with ciS«,^onta>. '" ^''^'''"^'''^ (^-^)- - ^^ = genitive 
 
 in 
 fin 
 
 ini< 
 
 (50 
 
 verl 
 
 suit 
 
FUTUIiE ANIJ FIRST AOlilST SYSTEMS OF VERBS. 153 
 
 No. 41. \byxri' 
 
 LESSON LXI. 
 
 Future and First Aorist Systems of Vowel and Mute Verbs. 
 
 Indirect Discourse. 
 665. Keview 503, 2 and 3, 274, and 90. 
 
 r.6«. Conjugate the future and first aorist systems of \U 
 . in 760 and 7G7, giving the moods in order, down the columns, 
 hrst in the active, then in the middle. 
 
 Give the synopsis of the future sy.stem of Ado, in the active, 'in the 
 imddle, of the first aorist system of Xi. in the active, in the middle. 
 507. Review 560, 1 and 2. 
 
 (50), and there .s no change in either the mood or the ten.e of the quoted 
 
 ..f^j' /; *'''^"' *" ^"^ ^^^ '"'^"^"^ ^"^ Wi*") i^^oX^v. he 
 
 saia that he was writing a letter. 
 
154 
 
 PUTUUJS AND FllMT AOItlST SYSTJiMS OF VERBS. 
 
 i 
 
 is in a 8eco,„lary tense (30). ' ™' ■"" "'" 1"-"">'I«1 clause 
 
 0<M> After a primary tense, an indicative (witliout Hv) in 
 .nd,rec quotations after Srt and 6s, and in indirect Jl^ 
 retoins both .ts mood and it« tense. After a seconda.y te, e it 
 |. e,ther changed to the same tense of the optative o/^ned 
 m the original mood and tense. 
 
 2. \i^,i, Sti (or <i,s) o5t«,s &v tjiv cmaroXiiv SvpaJ/e, A. sav, 
 that zn that ease he should have written the letter. 
 
 3 «X«|.v in (or .5s) oSTa,s av t^ 4iri<rToXV ?YPaJ,., /,. «y 
 
 Mai w that case he should have written the letter. 
 
 S71. 1. Sp- ^iriaroXV av ypd+cias ; would ,,ou write a letter ? 
 
 primary or secondary. " " follows is 
 
 or optative with av. in indirect quotations with Sxt or »s and 
 m indirect qnestions, retains both it. mood and iJT JT/ 
 (Wirn av). ~' •"" 
 
 ^£1 
 
F^muj.^ ANn nusT aouist systems of verbs. 155 
 
 I 
 
 673. 
 
 8ta-Tpf^«, rub through, consume, waste 
 
 time, delay. 
 «vea (c/. iv)^ adv.: of place, where, 
 
 there, here; of time, then, thereupon. 
 
 Rv, cfpyao-^ai {cf. Hpyov), zoork, do, 
 inflict on. 
 
 ed,rT« (ra0), Od^,*,, gOa^a, WOa^j^ai, 
 
 ^Td4>tiv, 6Mry. 
 ktjpiJttco {kvpvk), Ki,ptJ|«, ^K^pvga, «k^. 
 
 pvxa, KCK^pvY^ai, lKT,ptJx0T,v (c/. «^- 
 P«'f), proclaim, make proclamation. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Kpvirr*, (.pu0), Kpii^«, gKpv+a, K^Kpv^- 
 Hat, <Kpi)4,er,v, hide, conceal, keep 
 secret. 
 
 Kwji^TTjs, ov, b {cf. ^ci/x,), m7%er. 
 
 oKkoi (./•. otV^a), adv., aUo;«e; oi orm, 
 </w5e a< Aome, one's countrymen. 
 See 23. 
 
 TcXcvratos, a, ov {cf. reXe.r^), ;«««; ^i 
 
 TsXevTam, the rear guard. 
 TptP«, Tp^«, 2rp4a, Wrpt,j,a, Wrpi^,. 
 
 Ktti, ^Tpfpijv and ^Tpt«J>eT,v, r«6. 
 Xi-wv, 6vos, 7), snow. 
 
 yap Kv/)os r,f«^ (Sao-iXeii crw tcS o-r„„™' ! 
 
156 FUTURE AND Ft, 1ST AORIST SYSTEMS OF VERBS. 
 
 575. 1. Orontas, thinking that the horsenion were reiMlv 
 wrote a letter to the king. 2. J «aid .„.r. »-,. „ad ma<J 
 fair lmj,e.s of victory. 3. II,, orderH thein I. see« what the 
 I'm.hance i« 4. He eolleetecl an arn.y by mean.s of^ this 
 monkey, o. I he satraj, said t}.at (^yrus had plotted against tlie 
 
 O* 
 
 Cf. «„A,.v .xov<r.. -» Cf. r„S->, L>.-< Future optative of .,V._M)n,. 
 of the two object, of iv «Vy,i.a.ro (saO). _ « U»e <,«W„^, J^ ,,, ,„ „ 
 
 \n 
 
 676. "You need not fear the Coming Struggle, and Success will 
 
 bring Reward." 
 
 €n,pxo„raL- av S^ raCra ivd,Txn<T0e, tA. dKKa a'^x^-'otiai 
 oiot r,p.,u oi iv ry x'^P't "O"'" ivdpwTTOi. ikv 8^ iaet^ 
 
 o«a86 povU^ivov dnekedv 4,\a,7i^ ^otv'o-c rots or^oi, 
 7roX\ov5 8^ oT/iat pov^cr€cr0ai Trap' ip.ol p^'uuv." 
 
 JfoTKs. 1. .tsoto.. . . dirflva: ;„,„ u.7,a( sort of slrm/gk you are noma, 
 .Kl.n.t q„..t.ou ,„t,oduced by the relative „to,, .^^,Z, ^ Latiu ,^,.1' 
 y. o.« ,,, l„,e 4.-2. Kpavyii: dative of m„»»c.r (860). - 3. raCra . ;<. ' 
 
 of a..<xa,, *oW „;,, ,„.d. «,rf„rc.. - rd UXa : accusative of .fccificaiion (834), 
 «» on else I ar. o^lomea (,o Mnk) ,r,.„c .,„« „/ „,,„ ,„, „,l J[ 
 
 ^.i five tt->, 7 /'!"■■'•- 'I*! V'' f""^^-'-- «■'»«-• "Z^- (partitive 
 geu.tn e, 84.-) ,,/,«« „.„./,. For o fiovX6f,.yo,, see 487, 3 aud 4. - «. L„riv • 
 an object of envy. ^ j/^wtov , 
 
 1 
 
 cor 
 
I 
 
 // 
 
 UlKUULAlt (J0MI>AR1S0N OF ALJECTIVEH. 
 
 167 
 
 No. 42. Ancient Pe 
 
 rsians. 
 
 I.e. 
 
 LESSON LXII. 
 
 Irregulai Comparison of Adjectives. 
 577. The following are the ni<,st 
 
 compuiison : 
 
 p<i irrvK. 
 1. aya66<i, good 
 
 important cases of irregular 
 
 2. KUKo^, bad (543) 
 
 3. KaAo\ beautiful 
 
 4. fi€ya<i, great 
 
 5. fUKpoq, small 
 
 6. oAtyo5, (■ittlCf -plxxv.few 
 
 7. TToAv?, much, plur. many 
 8- pa'Sios, easy 
 
 COMPARATIVE. 
 
 8UPERL TIVK. 
 
 d/JL€lVU)V 
 
 
 o \ y 
 
 a/oiaros 
 
 /acArtcoi/ 
 
 /Sc'Aticttos 
 
 KptLTTUiV 
 
 KparnTTos 
 
 \(.Lp<av 
 
 Xt4piO-TO? 
 
 
 ^/cio-T (adverb) 
 
 Ka A At 0)1/ 
 
 /caAAtfrro? 
 
 
 /icyio-ros 
 
 /icttoi/ 
 
 
 eAaTToiV 
 
 eAdyjcTToc 
 
 TrAct'toj/ or ttAcwv 
 
 71 rros 
 
 patDV 
 
 iatttrroc 
 
ir>8 
 
 IlilihUn'I.Ali COMI'AUiso!^ OF 
 
 Mui'jrnvKs. 
 
 57H. 
 
 VOCAHULAkV. 
 
 I 
 
 dXXdTT« (,l\\a>), AX\A|«, <iXXa|a, 
 ^XXoxo, fjXXoYnoi, TJXXdxOrjv and 
 
 dv-rf)(», /*«»/(/ »/,.• ini.l., Hiand Jim, 
 
 (il/iiiust, rndiin'. 
 ACi6«, dliulo-w, r/c. (,;/•. d(;,.K), tflhdjlt, 
 
 itiriii in',>i>tr, rlaim, demand. 
 dir-aXXdrrw, r/iam/c i\0\ nhnfulo,,, rid 
 
 omstifof; mi.l., dt'iutrt, ijn iiHuiy. 
 Sia-T«X^a>, jiniiift, <'t>ini>l(ie. 
 dVi, coiij., >rA»'». 
 iroi8«««, iroi6«wo-«, /Yr. (,•/. rarv), /nij»j, 
 
 vduciUc. 
 
 ^tTTTU. (,W0), ^l+„, Jppi^a, J[ppi4,o, Jp. 
 
 plH»*ai, Jpp(<|>eT]v ami ^pp(i|.Tjv, f/,ww^ 
 hiirl^ nittt (tuidf. 
 o-K«uo4)oprf«, <rK«uo4>op/i<r« ('/. a^tvo^,6• 
 
 trrp4^w, <rTprf,j,«, J((rTp,4,a, «o-Tpo«f)a, 
 ««rTpof4fAai,4aTpd«f>T|v ami <<rTp^,|>eijv, 
 fitrn, tirisf; \iHriim.,(.uni,/arv nftnuf.. 
 T«X<«, T^Xa, <WX«<ro, T«WX.Ka, t«tA«- 
 <r|Aoi, ^rt\^a■9r]v (cf. H\os), jinifi/,^ 
 /'((fit. 
 TiTTopdKOVTO {('/. Hrrafm), ind.rl., 
 
 Tavra au^x^.rOa, ,* a;ra\\a'^c,r^yau 5. ol S^ ;r\a,rroc 
 -cat ^.. ror, aWow nac<rl ;raV™." W^„^ ^^c^ncrro; 
 
inntuuiLAu iioMrAiiiHON uf aiuikhtivks. 
 
 II- 
 
 Ppl«|>o, i(p. 
 •tjv, tlir(tu\ 
 
 lo-Tpo^a, 
 
 an: nhoitt. 
 
 TO 9 Se 
 ^ iari 
 ctcrrot 
 
 fWTOL 
 
 crrpa- 
 
 UcrTOL 
 
 I \ 
 
 fl€P 
 
 tcrro? 
 
 lAO 
 
 rtHO. 1. I- 
 
 <»!• il, is iiiiii'li «')iMi(M* I 
 
 Im' wmlli i„,„„r. if ^y„ hIkhiM I 
 
 «> 
 
 K<) uvvuy. li. VVo hIioiiM 
 
 vmy many" wiM u,sh( 
 I 
 
 :iv(! our iirriiM. JJ. '|'|„,,. 
 
 "t '" ^''•' i'l'^i". I. K, is |„,s|, I 
 
 V wr.ii) 
 
 .. I . . J •• •" 1"^ ocsi, mr MM to 
 
 ■"; ?""';:'' " ' "' "- i'-'i»fi",. r,. K,,,. „„ „,„ „„„ „,. „ 
 
 ix'hU-M, l',„»mi,H uh. ,.,l,„.,.l,..l „|, (|„, |ii„^,-„ „„„.,^ 
 
 K.M.iMvo will. K,.irurrov fH "m 4 A • "'"7 '""'"' '"'""-' " '''"""- 
 
 .vpirurTos («l.)._4 ^,.,,„„„,,^^, P 
 
 ^' ' '"'■ '"11— «..« (sr,;i,. . - s,„„.,-:,.,iv„ (517)! ^' 
 
 '"''*'• Objection of G.iilite.. 
 
 Kvpo, ^^ S,^ ra^ha „a,,f,.u rot. ,rr,>ar,y,H, .al 
 Xoxayo... ,'„„Xf„,, 8^ ,„,,„V ,/,„y^, ^<-^„^_ ^,^^.^ g, 
 
 moc 8e^.,u Xey,„„„. ,Tr. oiS' ,i ^o„'Xou, old, r aV dr,, 
 
 ,> //m/ 1 . 7/ . *'^""~ t*«f*v/io-.cTeai : fhaf you will not rr.mi'mher 
 
 . o«8 .1 . . . ol6, r &v .t,. : not even if yon skoul4 wisk, ,„oul,l yon Ue nl.le. 
 
 No. 43. War Ship 
 
160 FUTURE ANU FIRST AORIST 
 
 SYSTEMS OF VERBS. 
 
 
 i 
 
 LESSON LXIII. 
 
 Future and First Aorist Systems of Liquid Verbs. Interrogative 
 Subjunctive. Indirect Discourse. 
 
 r>32. VeAs whose stems end in a liquid (X p, v p) are called 
 liquid verbs (273). 
 
 58?, Conjugate the future system of <|>aivo), show, in 771. 
 Give its synopsis in the active ; in the middle. 
 
 584. The future of liquid verbs is formed by adding the tense suffix 
 eVe, instead of .o/e (553, 2) to the stem; c is contracted with thTfo Iw 
 mg vowel, as in the present of Tro.e'o, (782) Thus u.Vo r. . T 
 
 585. Conjugate the first aorist system of <t,aiva>, sho2b, in 772, 
 Give its synopsis in the active ; in the middle. 
 
 snffi?^* J^'\ "If "7\'' '^'*'^ "^ ^^^"^^ ^^'^^ ^^^^«*'^ - °^ th« tense 
 uffix .a_(oo3, 3) and lengthens the stem vowel in compensation, a to , 
 
 (but to a after . or p), . to «, t to l, v to v. Thus, </,a.W (<^..), show 
 
 587. 1. Ti' irp^lo) (aorist subjunctive) ; what ^haU I do ? 
 
 2. Tov avSpa diroKT^ivcojicv ; s/^^?^ «^6 jt^i^i^ M^^ m^/i to death? 
 
 3. ji^ Tr€>Tr(oji€v Toi»s TrcXrao-T^s ; ./m^/ ..;. not send the 
 peltasts f 
 
 Each of these sentences is interrogative ; its principal verb is in the 
 fir... ppr.son of the subjunctive ; if negative, it takes ^\ 
 
3S. 
 
 ogative 
 
 i called 
 
 771. 
 
 e suffix 
 follow, 
 remain, 
 
 in 772. 
 J tense 
 
 O to T| 
 
 ), show, 
 
 ? 
 
 ith? 
 i the 
 
 in the 
 
 FUTVBE AND FIRST AORIST STSTBUS OF VEBBS. 161 
 S88. The first pei-son of the subjunctive may be used in 
 wnai ne is to do. The negative is jai]. 
 
 junctive may become optati" ' ' '"' ' "'^"'"'^ ^^"«^' *^^ -^■ 
 
 690. After a primary tense, an interrogative subiunctive 
 when mdireetly quoted, retains both its mool and tens ^ 
 a secondary tense, it is either changed te the same tens ot th 
 optative or retained in the same tense of the subjunctive. 
 
 591. 
 
 &yyiK\,o (dyyeX), dvYeXfi, ^j^veiXa, 
 "l7Y«^-Ka, TiYY€X^iai, r^yyiKBriv {cf. 
 dyyeXos), announce, report. 
 atr-ayyiKXia, bring back word, report 
 diro-Kpfvo^ai, mid. dep., give a deci- 
 sion, answer. 
 diro-KT€Cv«, kill off, put to death. 
 &iro.<f)a(va), show forth; mid., show 
 
 one's oion, declare, express. 
 P<iXXa, i^aX), PaX<3, gpaXov, P^pXrjKa, 
 ^^PXT,^lOl, ipX^eTjv, throw, throw at, 
 hit with stones, stone. 
 7v<iH-T), vi, fi, opinion, plan. Judgment. 
 ^K-PdXX», throw out, expel. 
 
 Kacil (ifnti\ »«.'. «„- « 
 
 V — /, ^^vvw.-, tKttvaro, KCKavKa, 
 K^Kavfiae., iKavQuv, bum. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 KptvO) (Kptv), Kpiv«, gKplva, KiKpiKa, 
 
 K^Kpinoi, iKpWtjv, divide, distinguish, 
 decide, judge. 
 KT€£v« {kt€p), kt€v», Iktcivu, iKTOVa, 
 
 stai/, wait for, last. 
 T<JT€pov ...<}, whether ...or, in an 
 alternative question (both direct 
 and indirect); also, in an indirect 
 question, cl . . . ^, whether ...or. 
 <|»a(v« (0a.), ^av&, |<|,T,va, u^^^a^Ka 
 and 7r^,j)T,va, ir^«|)ao-|iai, ^<j)dveT,v and 
 4<j)dvt,v (c/. <pai>ep6i), bring to light. 
 Show; mid. and pass., show oneself, 
 appear. 
 
, I 
 
 162 FUTUim AND FIHST A0IU8T STSTmS OF VEltHS. 
 
 592. 1. norepop ravra dirayyeXa ij /.e^Te; 2. cri) 8^ 
 
 o. a\W EX\,^e9 inoKp^volvro. 4. a^opoG/.,., eJ «a«'o-a>ue^ 
 
 6 e«^a\«. 6. e^ou\£v'o^o « rois aVS/>as icrct'ma^,' a«'.'' 
 7. o„ /.e,<rot Ta^i) dyy.\5, <i\U S^ar/D^^co. 8. k«1 KXeapvo? 
 
 /.oi^ o„aa? ^/.r^ ^a^,r^„,. lo. kC^o^ S- a^^p^aro 5n 
 a«o™t TO,, aarpa^,, .V2 t^ Ei,^pc[rj, ^ora^al .Ti^ac 11.6 
 6 e^oyXeuVo d ^ivoL^p ^ ^op«W,-ro eVl tSs (t^^^^j. 
 1^. 7ra«r«,. ,^ao-l rhv aV^pa„ro^ roCro.. «al ^SaWv, ikv ai, 
 TTopevrjTat. 
 
 593 1. The gods will show us the way. 2. There Cyrus 
 put a Persian to death. 3. He was considering what answer 
 to make. 4. They were at a loss whether or not to show 
 themselves.4 5. There they remained a week and collected 
 supplies for their journey. 
 
 Notes. -i.om. . . . others (81 r,).--^ The originul ^^uestion was, rr6rcpov 
 rov, „,8^,, KraVa.^e.^;.^;_.3He .^id to himself, r.' d,ro./,f,.^a. ,• -- 
 i hey said to themselves, irorepov <f>r)v<afi€Oa ^ /xrj ; 
 
 H 
 
 
FORMATION AND COMPARISON OF ADVERBS. 163 
 
 "®*' Answer of Cyrus. 
 
 d«ro«'o-as Tavra tov ravXirov IXefe^ 5 RCpos • " 'AXV 
 
 ,^^<^^Ppviu i^^xpc oS S.a Kav^a oix old r' e'crlu o.V«^ 
 
 avffpa^woi, npo^ ^ dpKrou p.^xp'- oS Sti ;^ct/*5m ■ ri, S' 
 
 6 ^upea-a, To^o>^ ^„Wa .rarpanevovcrcy oi roO aSeX-^oC 
 
 ILrs'n I ^■■•J.;»d a genitive of the ^r»on I.eard fro,,, as the 
 
 Z if^U ~. ; r ""','""'"*• "■* ^'"'' 2-<>''=' ^ dative of ai.an- 
 
 <a.,/. (861)._3 i^^ppcs,, uteraily, „Wrfmy (^^.ro, + WpJ) ;, ,;„ 
 
 r tiTti™"'.' ""■H '" -■■'"'■^' 'r'*"' ^'""••">' '■- '» '^" p"^'" *-. ne t; 
 
 LESSON LXIV. 
 
 Formation and Comparison of Adverbs. 
 
 595. Most adverbs are formed front adjectives and end 
 HI (OS. llius ; 
 
 i51 
 
 ADJECTIVE. 
 
 STEM. 
 
 
 
 
 GENITIVE PLURAL. 
 
 ADVEHB. 
 
 SlKaiO 
 KUKO 
 
 a(rdia\f(r 
 
 OIKULWV 
 
 KaKdv 
 
 OtKttt'oJS 
 
 ^Svs, pleasant 
 
 ySv 
 
 Tjoeujv 
 
 utr^oiAaJs 
 r/Se<os 
 
pi. 
 
 164 FOUMA riON ANL C0MPAB180N OF ADVERBS. 
 
 of the genij:; prJaTneur'. *'""" '^ '•'■'«'''''"=''■ ='"<' "^ '"« -»" 
 
 anX'cti^l^V''"";'; '''""'""' '"'^'"'"' °^ "'« comparative of 
 and C . "' ''""•P^'-^tive of the eorresponcHng adverb 
 
 and ^48los, easy (577, 8). ^^««^(/^^^ (o/7, J), ,rpo^v/.os, m^er, 
 
 598. 
 
 dvbpstos, a, 0. (c/. d^i^p), manly, brave. 
 dvSpeCtts (c/. d.5^e?os), adv., bravely. 
 PapPapiKtSs i'^f.^ap^apiKSs), adv., in ifAe 
 
 barbarian tongue, e.g. in Persian. 
 8i-dY«, of time, pass, live, continue. 
 •EXXt,viK«s (c/. 'E\\r)ucK6s), adv., m 
 
 €v8aiH.<}v«s {cf. €vdalfjict>), happily. 
 lo-xvpm (cf. laxvpbs), adv., strongly, 
 vehemently, with severity. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Kiv8iJv€ii«, Kiv8Uv€i5o-«, etc. {cf. KlvSvvos), 
 he in peril, run a risk, encounter 
 danger. 
 'rroviu,, TTOv^o-w, etc. (cf. yr6uos), toil, 
 
 labor, undergo hardship. 
 irdvos, ov, 6, toil, labor, hardship. 
 irpoedptas (cf irpddvfios), adv., eagerhj. 
 XaXaralvio (xaXevap), xaXcirovw, ^xo- 
 X^irt,va, IxaXcTrdverjv (cf xa\67r6s), 
 be severe or violent, be angry. 
 
 
 ^-M^r*/- 
 

 FORMATION AND COMPARISON OF ADVERBS. 165 
 
 6 oi'^'^PW ' J ^- , t^T^/^artwrwi^ vno Kvpov. 
 
 0. 0. 8 EU,.« a<r,^„Xc.. eWpevWo ro X0..6. rij, ^Jpi, 
 
 <rv.^./,are.^an .oXX^ e^yv, eW... 8. .Vr. ^S/., J 
 
 o-;^oAata>9 eiropevopTo. 
 
 60O 1 Most gladly would I hear the herald's name 
 2. Clearchus always punished with seyeritv S Tf .* 
 
 proceed, let us proceed slowlv 4 w i* , / '"^^ "''''^' 
 Pnnl.1 cof 1 i' "'^feci SI0WI3.. 4. He asked whether thev 
 
 could safely remain in the villflo-P« ^ t^i j- 1 -^ 
 
 greater hardships^ than theliTthetSZ.'^''' ""' ""''^^^•' 
 
 x- ^y. 0/ J, .:/. _ 3 /oj/ „if)j,g (ttAcov). 
 
 He promises Great Rewards. 
 
 NoTEa -_ IS U* i■ 
 
 / , v; " ■'" ' /■ ^"" «'io.]Uiietive after a verb of fenn'nn n'\4.\ a r' 
 ^ e^t// rrwe, future of 8t'8a,m —7 o-Ar^ „ • ^y^'^'".n'J-i4).-~4. 8«o-«: 
 
 loto/xt. — t . a-4,C(r.v : indirect reflexive (437") 
 
166 
 
 SECOND AOltlST SYSTEM. 
 
 LESSON LXV. 
 
 Second Aorist System, Indirect Discourse. 
 
 602. Review 554. 
 
 603. The second tenses differ from the corresponding, first 
 tenses in/.m, but have like meaning, Wlien, however, a verb 
 has both tenses, they may differ also in meaning. Compar- 
 atively few verbs have both forms. 
 
 604. The second aorist system includes the second aorist 
 active and middle. 
 
 605. Conjugate the second aorist system of Xeiiro), leave, in 773. 
 Give its synopsis in the active ; in the middle. 
 
 a. Note the exceptions to the principle of recessive accent (53), Ac.ov, 
 
 sJ^U5^%tV' "I' r"""" Tl'' " '""""' ''y "^-^'"e *■«' tense 
 A.>r / In a few second aoriste, . of the stem is changed to a. As a 
 seconda.7 tense, the second aorist has augment, in the indicative it 
 
 the inflect on of the imperfect, and in the other moods that of the present. 
 
 607. Review 60S and 468, 469. Note, further, under the 
 rule given m 469, that : 
 
 608. Each tense of the infinitive with &v in indirect dis- 
 course represents the corresponding tense of either indicative 
 or optative with av. 
 
 W "VtT!" "- *r?^'/'-' ->'.«• »« .'/»" r '-"'"^ ""•' ' skouU be in 
 Honor, i llie onoinaWliniinhf i^ ~>„ ■,,,?. * » j 
 
 on 
 
SECOND AOltlST SmrEM. 
 
 I 
 
 167 
 
 609. Of the three common verbs meaning to >ay, — 
 1 . +W( regularly takes the infinitive in indirect discourse • 
 
 tak!s "'rorlr ""'^" ''°"*™""'"'' '"' "' "'" "^'"'^ ™- '* Senerally 
 
 «. Note also that 8«<„ takes the infinitive in indirect discourse HI in 
 rts common n.ean.ng of seem, appear, both when used personal yTdPhe^ 
 
 r:; i-l^ndiiTdis'::::::^'"' "'"' *"-'■ °' "^■"' "'r'"«"'"™ ^'^^ ^""^ 
 
 610. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 atp^ta {aipe, A), otp^o-«, clXov, fj'priKo, 
 fipijfioi, Tip^0T]v, «aA;e, sei^e, capture; 
 mid., take for oneself, choose, prefer, 
 elect, side with. 
 
 diro-evtioTKo), die off, die., be killed, fall 
 
 in battle. 
 ctirov (elw, ip, /Je), ipfl, c^p^j^a, «i:pT,^iai, 
 
 €pp^eTjv, say, speak, tell, order. 
 i\i-irtiTT<a, fall upon, 
 evTfo-Ko) {0ap), eovovfiai, i'Oavov, Tc'evTjKa 
 
 {cf ddpuTos), die; perf., be dead. 
 
 ir€'irovea, experience, suffer; c8 iradeTv, 
 be ivell treated. 
 irtTTTw (Trer, ttto), ir«<rovnoi, girccrov, 
 TT^TTTtoKa, /aiZ. 
 
 irpo-Tp^X", run forward or a^eaci. 
 irvvOdvo^ai (ttu^), Tr€vo-O|ioi, ^wvedurjv, 
 
 ascertain, find out. 
 Tp^X« (^pfX, S^ayu), Spa^ov^ai, i'Spa^iov, 
 
 8€8pd^T]Ko, 8€8pdfiT]nai, rim. 
 wvios, d, ov, purchasable; rd w^m, 
 wares, goods. 
 
 exe'rc™ S;?'"'' '"'"^ °' "" "'^ '■"^'-^' '>"*«"- ■» *»« following 
 
 ^ «n. 1. rot, fiapfidpoc,' eVeVeo-e ro 'EX\,,^t«d^. 2. cTtto^ 
 ort a. ,^„^ot... 3. „rir,r., „i 4,C\oc Xeycrat dnoffau.Xu 
 /^a^o^c^ot v.c^ K.^ov. 4. e\<o yip rp^rfpa, .Vr. .?X«.» 
 TO eKuvo^v TT^olo.. 5. KX.apxo, 6ok^ y,u4^0aL iui,p „o\e- 
 
 -H 
 
168 
 
 SJtJCOND A O HIST SrST£M. 
 
 /^«o,. 6. .o^r^a KC^o, in' .>oC «a.<S, naO^lu. 7. .al 
 o. O.OC npoeSpa^o.. 8. 8pd/.o, eyeVcro row <rrpan<«r„w^ 
 e^c r«, <..^.„,, ol S- iu rri ayopa KaraX.n6vTe. ri. <i..„ 
 e^vyo.. <J. o.ro. .Xeyo. oV. KCpo, re^.^.e. 10. Du£.^ 
 
 c-^eXy^a,. 11. ,Vei 6 arpar^y^, raDr' i.i0„o, X„fio>. 
 ro«, ..„.a, a;n/X„.... 12. «„i ,,^J ,„„v.. i.eax.ro ^o. 
 povK^xjocrOai. • 
 
 «.2, i Wit!u„ the nigl,t fear fell also on the Cxreeks. 
 -. lu« he dul that he .night inspire = all „,en with fear. 
 A. J he .,«te oi the king ,s said to have fled. 4 Thev s.v 
 t at all lea; the road and fled., 5. He preferred the fL:i 
 hliip ot the Persnuis. 
 
 NoTKs 1 The dative follows compound verbs (860). ._ 2 For the 
 
 - J. or the «e,„t,ve depending on v,^„,, .,ee 8ofl._«U.o the .aorirof 
 Tap.x«.. -' Aor,st participle, „« „„„„,, left «e ™„rf.^«,. "' "' 
 
 «13. Cyrus is confident that the King will fight. 
 
 ^ ^ap«cWo.ro 8e Ki$/,o. W.r., p.i, ^dx^aOac, dW 
 arrc^e.. .avrS,u rdrr.aOcu. eV U r^ .acp^ rovra, 
 KX^apxo, <«Se no,, ipoyra ro. Kipou ■ " Oc'a ydp croc 
 paxe^<Tffa,„ <o KCp«, rw a8eX,^oV;" " N^ Ai"" e'.Ar7 6 
 
 e^os be aSe\.^os, ovk d^aax^l raCr' cyoi \#o^ai." 
 
 of!/rTs^^ "^''f'^'".;,'-^- ■" person. _•>. W^v : after the adverb 
 
 Cv „^ ; /^T'- ^''''\;;'"' "■"f'*'-™- '« »-"" unexpressed intin.ation 
 
 01 L^yiufe, n /nit : uo you think, etc 4 N« A/« . v / r, 
 
 in an oath (837). ^ ' ^''' ^'^ ^^"*'' ^««"«ative 
 
NUMERALS. 
 
 169 
 
 LESSON LXVI. 
 
 Numerals. 
 
 .Mlveibs m 750. Commit the first . ive in .-i,.! i,. 
 
 .nemo,.y, and review the declension of .U ; ".i; 
 
 T€TTap€s in 757. ' ^P^''^' '^^i'' 
 
 ^^*^- VOCABULARY. 
 
 6pA« (6/,a, /5, 6ir), A'^o,*ai, .l8ov, IdpSKO 
 and «,ipaKa, l^&pa^iai and i^j^ai, 
 ««|>eriv, see in its widest sense, behold, 
 
 airo-W|xv«, CM^ o#, intercept. 
 €Y-K^4.a\os, ou, 6 (r/. ^60aX^), brain; 
 
 of the palm tree, crown, cabbage. 
 ^^•''''^^*^^*' dy, ^ (c/ 67r\/fa,), s^a^e o/ 
 
 6emfir armed; iu ry i^07r\,al<f, under 
 
 arms. 
 
 ^<re(« (iaet, ^5, 0a7), €"8oHiai, i'4,aY0v, 
 ^8^8oKa, cSyjSco-fiai, ^8^o-eT,v, eat[ 
 live on. 
 
 K€<J>o\^, ^s, i], head. 
 
 Kp^s, Kpr}T6s, 6, a Cretan. 
 
 look, observe, perceive. 
 i«|.«£\« (d0eX), 64,ci^o-«, «<j,cai,(ra and 
 
 «<|.€\ov, «<j,c(XT,Ka, a,«|,«Xfi0^v, owe; 
 
 pass., 6e due. 
 irov, interr. adv., wAere ? 
 irpoo-.^PXo^ai, come on or up, approach. 
 Wjtv« (re/.), Tc^ui, mjiov and graHiov, 
 
 WT,AT,Ka, WT|iT„Aat, ^T^^erjv, cut. 
 
 ^^'^ * ^^ 1 > //"'7^> '<^a«' TTpocreKtfaw rjparrva-e • 
 
 ^o.... 5. 0.V. 8^ ^r,ii;i :r;;ir!r^''T 
 
170 
 
 NU ME HALS. 
 
 ^apacrayya, a«ocrc «„J S.'o inl rhu MaiauSpo. rrorau6u- 
 ro.ro. ^.ro .Ipo. S.'o nK.Vp.. 7. .al .vf KXe^X". 6 
 
 iv c.ra.^„ ,^«.„,. ^f,,'pi, SeVa, «al .'f.Va.rc, .V rri 
 
 «a. o.. ,,,, „,8,<,. ^., ^,,„,^ ,^^ ^.^ ^^^ ^ ^^J 
 (ptAiai' u\of.nf)v. ' '^ 
 
 No. 45. Darius goes Hunting. 
 
 «» 7. 1. The army ,iskc(l Cyrus for four months' pay. 2 He 
 
 —a':.."''''' ^';r^ ^"'-'P'- - '- force, a. LL.no. 
 gtnctl also was there ou board the ships with seven In,n,he,l 
 
 ^- tit piotceiJcd thence three stajres, fifteen 
 
 
numehals. 
 
 171 
 
 Notes. — » \\o a ^„r. * "^ 
 imlicativo of ,Wu) J^«„ «„i : ,• .J "«'••>'■'? 'Ii.! m-ond aorst 
 
 i Hi,,,.,,,, r„r.A. .:':'t ;:;::;*•"■ '""•■'™ ''«°"- '■"• ^ >' 
 
 «„„,., ,.,.,W„r,>„,„ „^; ,„,;,,■'. ,', '', ""-'"I've „„„„(,,.,„.ti„„ 
 
 «'«• Numbers of the Opposing Forces. 
 
 . rxx - r'^- wa^^d,a 4, fair: 
 
 '•' rerra/>.., rp^i^oura ^vp,dho,v ^«aaro9. 
 
 i"-r ■*•'■'■"' j-^ a» „.,. «,; ... ,,„„„ ,- , ::^- :;~- ''•-■•-"y. 
 
 <. av: moreover. — S. toO • wifl. ^-. - ^°^ * ''^''^'l^^s. — 
 
 ■ ^°"- with <TTfmT(.vfxaTo<i. 
 
 I I* I 
 
 No. 46. Attic Ten-Drachma Piece. 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
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172 
 
 FIIiST PERFECT SYSTEM. 
 
 LESSON LXVII. 
 
 First Perfect System. Indirect Discourse. 
 
 619. The first perfect and pluperfect are found in vowel 
 verbs, in many lingual mute (7) verbs, in many liquid (6) verbs. 
 
 620. Review 553, 4. 
 
 621. Conjugate the first perfect system of \v<a in 768. 
 Give its synopsis. 
 
 622. Review 274 and 113. 
 
 623. Some liquid stems (582) suffer no change before the tense suffix, 
 as dyye'AAw (dyycA), announce, rjyyi>Ka. 
 
 624. Monosyllabic liquid stems change c to a, as o-re'AAo) ((rreA), send, 
 co-raAKa ; cftOiipu) {<\i6ep), destroy, icfiOapKa. 
 
 625. V is dropped in a few liquid stems ; if not dropped, it is changed 
 to Y nasal, as Kptvco (Kpiv), distinguish, KCKpiKa; rctVo) (rei/), stretch, t^tIku 
 (324); (f}aiv(ii (<f>av), show, 7rc<^ayKa. 
 
 626. Some liquid verb stems suffer transposition and become vowel 
 stems, as ^dWo) (/3a\), throw, fie/3krjKa (formed on stem f3ka for /8aA); 
 OvrjcrKU) (Oav), die, TtOvrjKa ; Tifivu) (refx), cut, rirfi-qKa. 
 
 027. 1. TovT(g Kvpov €iri(7TpaT€vovTa fi7"y€i\a, I announced 
 to Mm that Cyrus was 7narchmg against him. (The original 
 announcement was, a-ol KO/oo? iTriarpaTevei.) 
 
 2. iJKOvo-c Ki)pov Iv KiXiki^ Svra, he heard that Cyrus was in 
 Cilicia. (The report was, Kvpo^ iv KiXiKia iari) 
 
 3. 6p(o Ujids ouT(os av Tropi5o|i€vous rd cirixiiScia, I see that 
 you could in this way procure supplies. (The original statement 
 was, ovTcos av TTopi^oia-de ra eTriTijSeia.) 
 
n vowel 
 3) verbs. 
 
 8. 
 
 ise suffix, 
 t\), send, 
 
 changed 
 i, TcVaKa 
 
 ae vowel 
 or /8aA); 
 
 wunced 
 )riginal 
 
 was in 
 
 iee that 
 tement 
 
 FIRST PERFECT SYSTEM. 
 
 173 
 
 628. With many verbs the participle stands in indirect 
 discourse, each tense representing the corresponding tense of a 
 finite mood. Each tense with dv represents the corresponding 
 tense of either indicative or optative with dv. 
 
 Such verbs are chiefly those signifying to see, hear or learn, 
 perceive, know, he ignorant of, remember, forget, show, appear, 
 prove, acknowledge, and dyyeXXo), announce. 
 
 629. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 al<rOdvo|j,ai {alard), olo-0^cro|ioi, xio-Oo- 
 RV| T[o"®ill*as perceive, learn, ob- 
 serve. 
 
 dva-o-TcXXo), send back, repulse. 
 
 ava-Tilvo, stretch up, hold up. 
 
 ov(i) (cf. dvd), adv., above, up, up coun- 
 try. 
 
 yi, intensive particle, enclitic and post- 
 positive, at least, yet, indeed, cer- 
 tainly, often to be indicated in 
 English only by emphasis. 
 
 yv\i.v'f\s, vToi, 6, light-armed foot-soldier. 
 
 8ia-(|>0c(p(i>, destroy utterly, ruin, corrupt. 
 liri-orrparciicD, march against. 
 66pvPos, ov, 6, disturbance, uproar. 
 irXffios, ovs, t6, fulness, extent, number, 
 
 multitude. 
 a-T(Kk<a (o-reX), (ttcXu, co-rciXa, KoToXKai 
 
 ctrraXfiai, 4o-tAXt]v, equip, send. 
 rtlva {rev), t€vw, ereiva, WraKa, rira- 
 
 (lai, 4tA0tjv, stretch, exert oneself, 
 
 hasten, press on. 
 ^9tlp<a {(peep), 4>ecpw, c<|>ecipa, c(t>OapKa, 
 
 c<)>Oap|Aai, c<{>OdpT)v, destroy, lay waste. 
 
 Give the original forms of all the indirect quotations in the following 
 exercise (630). 
 
 630. 1. TpiT]p€L<; yJKOve tov CTTpaTTjyop exovra. 2. (rrpa- 
 TL(OTd<; io-TaXKafxev top ^^^o^ KavcrovTas} 3. ret napa tcdv 
 EWyjvcov'^ fiao-iXiEL (jyrja-Lu aTrrjyyeXKevaL. 4. navres 8e ol 
 Trap6vTe<; avaTeroLKaan tol^ X'^^P^^-^ ^- ^OdpKare ttjv 
 Xfopdv. 6. cVei §€ TOifs ^apfidpov<; iatpajv"^ ol "EXXrjve^s 
 ovx eauTois im(rTpaTevovTa<;, yja-Orjo-av. 7. eV M'lXtJto) 8e 
 
 i 
 
174 
 
 FIRST I'EltFBCT SYSTEM. 
 
 uovj. 8. rous £,r,rca-s avi<Trd\Kiaoiv ol o,r\rrai. 9. ei olu 
 oppv v/^a, a>«roV « fiov\evo^,,'^ov,, i\9ocp., aV ^p^, ^/,59. 
 il). ^TeraKea-au oi rroXi^ioi ttoXX^ n\rj0a' ««! Oop^fio,^ duo, 
 Trpo, TO opo,. 11. «al &a ye Xoxdyhu Z^PapK&ra, 
 cvTov, a«o.oA.e.. 12. gV^o^ro roi>5 y„;..^ra. rci, Ka,^.d, 
 
 7)07) OLTjpTraKOTa^. 
 
 631. 1. His 6 wife has persuaded him. 2. He says that thev 
 have sent many hght-armed foot-soldiers. 3. I have judged 
 these men to be in the wrong. 4. For he heard that Cyrus 
 was dead. 5. I saw that you were suffering harm. 
 
 NoTES._i The participle expresses purpose (495, i).-U.e. their answer 
 
 ZfTrr 7 """! "^ '^''"'^' ^^ '^^°^ '^ ^'^"^^^- - ' ^-P«rf««t of 6p^a>, 
 with both syllabic and temporal (G7) augment. - « Dative of manner (866) 
 — " use the article. ^ ^ 
 
 632. Not all the King's Troops were in the Battle. 
 
 To>v S^ noXefXLcoi. irap^yivovro iv rfj ixaxo ^v^vt^Kovra 
 fxvpLaSe? Kal ^pfxara Spe7rapr)<l>6pa eKarov Kal rreprrj- 
 Kopra- 'APpoK6p,d<; 8^ twp TeTrdpcop apx6vTcov cUv icrri- 
 PW^ rv^ H'dxvs Vf^epais TrcWe, eV ^olvIktjs iXa^vcov. 
 5 ravra hk ijyyeXXov irpb, Kvpop ol airofioXyjcraPTe, rrapd, 
 fxeyaXov ^acrtXeo)? Trph rij, /.a^T??, Kal ^era r^ fidxrjv ot 
 vcTTepov iXyjcl>eriCTau r^p noXefiLcop rairSi ^yyeXXov, 
 
 ^ax,;. follows wrep^.e (c/. .Vrcpos), which implies comparison (850). 
 ^/.epac. ^evre, ^.^ /;^. space of/we <fays, is the dative of the .le.ree ofdiffL 
 ence (867). - 5. ol a*ro,oXVavr.s : those .ko had deserted (487, 3 4) 
 
v\eVOfJL€- 
 
 et ovv 
 
 09 vfiat;. 
 8(p^ dvo) 
 apKOTa^ 
 r K(ojjid<; 
 
 bat they 
 
 judged 
 
 t Cyrus 
 
 ir answer 
 
 of opdu), 
 
 ier(866). 
 
 r}K0VTa 
 
 TrepTTJ- 
 
 1 / 
 
 ^ V(TT€- 
 
 avvoiv. 
 : napa 
 
 e battle. 
 
 (850). 
 
 f differ- 
 
 0- 
 
 SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM. 
 
 175 
 
 Mo. 47. Ancient Horse Race. 
 
 LESSON LXVIII. 
 Second Perfect System. 
 
 633. The second perfect system includes the second perfect 
 and second pluperfect active. 
 
 ^^6^^. Conjugate the second perfect system of XeiVco, leave, 
 Give its synopsis. 
 
 ^ o. Note the exceptions to the principle of 
 Trei/ai, AcAoiTrojs. 
 
 recessive accent (53), AcAot- 
 
 .nfT : , f '"" ""^ *^' '''^"^ P'^^^^* i« f^^r^^ed by adding the tense 
 uffix a (pluperfect c) to the reduplicated verb stem, as ypd<f.. (i„l) IX 
 econd perfect stem ye'ypa^a. The second perfect an'd stcon^ptpeXt 
 
 follow the inflection of the first perfect system (768). P^"Per±ect 
 
 4^ 1 
 
 
176 
 
 038. 
 
 SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 dvSpdTToBov, ou, t6, slave, esp. captive irX^v, conj., except; improper prep. 
 
 taken in war. ^itli gen., except. 
 
 p\AwT« (^Xa^), PXA,|,«, gpXa^a, p^- uX,,o-£os, a, o. (c/. ^X7;a.dfa.), near; 
 
 pXo<|>a, p^pXo^pAi, ipx<l+et,v and neut. as adv., T\r,alop, near. 
 
 ^PXdpT|v, injure, hurt, harm. 
 
 tU&lut {eUad), ilKdcci), cKKOcra, c^Kao-iiai, 
 €lKd<r9tjv, liken, suppose, conjecture. 
 
 XdOpqi, adv., covertly, without the knowl- 
 edge of. 
 
 vdinj, 77 J, ij, ravine, glen. 
 
 *X®n, n^^ V, height, bank, hlvff. 
 
 irvp, TT 11/06 J, t6, fire. 
 
 <rtj|Aatv« {(T-nfiav), <n]\i.ava, io-^jitjva, 
 
 a-ta"f\\ta<r\ia\., ^a•r]^l,&v9r\v, give the 
 
 signal, make known. 
 
 T^K« (ro/c), T^g«, €TTj|a, T^TTJKa, <TdKtlV 
 
 and *T^x®nv, 7nelt; intrans., thaw, 
 melt. 
 
 639. 1. ra Se aXXa ets to ttC/o ippl^a^iev. 2. rot? oSi/ 
 ^eois x«>'5 €o-^«^ o^t ^fta? ou PefiXd^danv ol TroXe/itoi. 
 3. ctVa^o*/ T17J/ xtoVa TeTr)K€uaL^' kol heTrJKeL 8ta fcpifi/T^i/ 17 
 irXrjo-Lov ^v iv vdirrj. 4. elTTOi; on Kvpov direKTovoi ^ao"t- 
 Xeu9. 5. ^vyfi^ i<f)r) avTovs XeXotTreVat to xcopuov. 6. ^o-^ero 
 yaprovq iroXcfiCovs tJSt; etXTyc^oVa? ra a/c/3a. 7. 7re7ro>(^<icrt 
 /A€ az^Spe? mo-rot wre? Kvyow /cat 5/>trj/ eS^ot. 8. eV Se rrj 
 TToXefiLa^ hiaT4Tpi(t>ev rjfiepd^ TroXXa?. 9. Xd0pa Se rdv 
 (TTpaTioiTOiv^ i7r€TT6fi(t)€L Kvpo) dyyeXov. 10. roig Tre^oC 
 eVt ral? ©x^ats Tirax^v dvca tmv Imreajv.^ 11. Kvpo^ 
 ovT€ dXXov 7r€7rofi(f)e (rrffiavovvTa^ o rt XPV Troteti/ ovre 
 avro9 Tr4<i)7)vev. 12. ravrr/i/ ri)i/ x^P^^ eVerer/Qoc^et Stapird- 
 o-at^ rot? "EXXt^o-i ttXi^j/ dj/8/3a7roSa>i/. 
 
 640. 1. The enemy have not escaped. 2. He has sent many 
 gifts to Menon. 3. But the satrap had written a letter to the 
 king. 4. He said that he had sent a guide to the army. 5. He 
 announces that the guide has stolen the money. 
 
roper prep. 
 
 fifw), near; 
 near. 
 
 V, give the 
 
 't)Ka, IrdKTjv 
 
 'ans., thaw J 
 
 T0t5 OVP 
 
 rroXefiioi. 
 tprjviqv rj 
 01 ^acrt- 
 . fjo-dero 
 
 Tr6fJL(f}d(TL 
 
 » o > « 
 ei/ oe tt; 
 
 e rail/ 
 
 » Tre^oC 
 
 . Kvpos 
 
 €Lv ovre 
 
 SLapird- 
 
 nt many 
 )r to the 
 . 5. He 
 
 SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM. I77 
 
 Notes. — 1 Infinitive in indirect discourse ar.o^ " n *• 
 (866). — 8 .sv. Yoina 4 'vu^ "'scourse (40J). _ - Dative of manner 
 
 expresses purpose (495, 4^ — ^ Th^ ;..«. •,• ^ ^* '^ participle 
 
 ^ / V ^, ^,.— -^^le infinitive expresses;;ur/>(«e (461, 7). 
 
 041. 
 
 Advance. The Great Trench. 
 
 participle in indirect discourse (628). 
 
 No. 48. Assyrian Soldiers. 
 
178 
 
 FERFKCT MIDDLE SYSTEM. 
 
 h ' 
 
 LESSON LXIX. 
 Perfect Middle System of Vowel and of Mute Verbs. 
 
 «4U. liuviuw ^)M, 5; LM)!), lMO; 217; 220. 
 
 CJ4;J. (^onjiijraU) the perfect middle system of Xvm, loose, in 
 700, Xciirw, leave, in 775, (170), lead, in 770, and irciGw, persuade, 
 
 in 777. 
 
 (live tho synopsis of each verb, first of its perfect aiul pluperfect, then 
 of its future [)erfect. 
 
 (•»44. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 diro-o"rd(i), draw off, separate. 
 ^K-irX'^TTi*, strike out of one's senses, 
 
 terrifi/. 
 6(i>paK(|^(i> (OupoLKiS), l9<apAK{.<ra, TcOwpii- 
 
 opvTTO) {6pvx)y opvgd), wpv|a, opci&pvxa, 
 
 iropa-TdTTOj, (Zraw ftp sttZe bi/ side, draw 
 up in line of battle. 
 
 Kio-noi, i9upaKlcr9r\v {('/. 0wpa^), arm itX^ttw (7rX7;7, TrXa^), irXi^|a), «irXTi|a, 
 
 with a corselet. 
 lidvTis, fws, 6, scfT, diviner. 
 )ii(iV|]<rK(i> ((U»'a)» livVjerw, c(iVTf<ra, |Ji,^|ivT)- 
 
 •ir^ir\T)'Ya, ir^irXi)'Y|iai, iirX'<]7T)v and 
 i'irXd'yT]v, strike, hit. 
 vTTO-XtlTra, leave behind. 
 
 [kaiy i\Kvi\cr9r\v, remind; mid. and XP^*'*^^^* o^> "^^ (<'/• XP'^*''"'^*)? P^cce 0/ 
 pass., remember, with perf. as pres. gold, gold. 
 
 645. 1. ot E\\T7i^e<? iyyv^ t€^ etcrt /cat Tra/oareray/LieVot. 
 2. otecTTrao'To ya/3 to, crr/oareu/xara. 3. eTrvdero Se Td(j)pov 
 6p(i)pvyjJL€ur)v 8ta toO TreStov. 4. tw Se di/Spt^ toutw iJSea)? 
 7r€7ret(r/xat. 5. Kv/ooi/ 8e' c^acri rw pidvTei vTrecr^rjadai xpv- 
 (Tiov TTokv. G. etTTOj^ro Se /cat aXXot tC)v Uepcrwp TeOiopd" 
 KLcrp.4voi et5 ^ TpidKO(TLOV<;. 7. TToXXa/ct? yayo eV i^u/crt 
 iropevofievo^ d7r€<nraG'fiaL diro tojv ttc^wj/. 8. ttoctol tcjv 
 
 8. 
 
erbs. 
 
 , loose^ in 
 persuade^ 
 
 'rfect, then 
 
 o, 6p<ipvxa, 
 
 !/ side^ draw 
 tX'^jytiv and 
 
 j), piece of 
 
 •ay/xeVot. 
 E Toi<l>pov 
 T(a Tj^eo)^ 
 
 TeB(ji}pdr 
 
 Iv vvktX 
 )(rot T(tiv 
 
 PEUFECT MIDDLE SYSTEif. I79 
 
 dpSpanoS^oi. i^TToXeXetVo^at; 9. Kal Scrrc, Vf^^u ^oAfrat 
 oiKaBe aneWelu, f.e^.rjcrO<o du^p dyaOh, ehac. 10. ^Xav^eu 
 CTTt TOU9 M6Va>^09 crrparta>rd9, cuVr' c'/cetVov^ iKnenkyxOaL^ 
 Kai Tpe^uv inl tol onXa. 
 
 <M-«. 1 I liad been sliot tln-ougli my corselet. 2. The army 
 will have been eut to pieces. 3. lie says that the (ireeks have 
 oDeyed their connnanders in all (particulars).'^ 4. All had often 
 urged Cyrus not to light. 5. C^yrus and his horsemen had 
 been armed with corselets. 
 
 (SM) sto the number ./. _ M'erf.ct (insteu.l of present) infinitive for 
 en.pluusis, v^cre thoroughly friyhlened. _ ^ Wra (8;J4). 
 
 <»4:7. Silanus the Soothsayer is rewarded 
 
 ravT^^ ^ r^v Trdpohov Kvp6, re koX ^ crrpaTik 
 
 7raprjX0e Kal ^yivovro etVo) 717? rc^^pov. ravrr; /x^^ o5^ 
 
 T?; ^/i^pa ovK iixaxicraro ygao-tXev'?. eVra{)l9a Kuyoo? 
 
 ti\avhv KaXecTd, top ixdvTLv iScoKev SdpaKoi,, rpLcrxl- 
 
 6 Uov^, 6tl rfj iuSeKdry dn' iKeCvrj, -fjp^dpa 7rpo0v6p.epos 
 
 ctjre^ a^ro) oVt ^Sao-tXe^? ov /.axerrat 8e/ca oJ^epS^, Kv/>o9 
 
 b elnev, " O^^ a>a irt fiaxelrai, el iv ravrat? ov /.axerrat 
 
 rat? ^/x€pat9- ea^ 8» dXride^cry^, vmcrxvovp^ai crot Se'/ca 
 
 raXa^ra." roGro r^ x^^orto^ roVe ISa>/ce^, eVel Trap^X^o^ 
 
 10 at oiKa rjfxepaL. 
 
 NoTKS._4. c'ScKCv: .ya.. (hhn).-.5. iVt: ^>.c«M.e. _ d,r' I«£vt,s : ^e 
 ie/or. //m/ (day). ^6. ^.p^v : the //;.. ..V/./n n^hich, but ^^xcpa preceding/ 
 
 o. oAtjetvoTjs : ,/,«// ^;.yi,e /y i,^ speaking the truth. 
 
180 
 
 PKIiFKCT MIDULK SYSTEM. 
 
 LESSON LXX. 
 
 Perfect Middle System of Liquid Verbs. 
 
 iUH. \Ai\nn\ voibs sulTor in the main ilio siuno (iliangos in 
 tlio pertVu-t, niiddlo systcni us in tlu, iirst porfoia systoni ((iL'.'l-OL'd). 
 
 Thus, .lyycAAo. (.lyyeA), .JyyeA^.xi ((iL'iJ); <rrcAAo, (.rreA), .VraA/i«t , 
 <^^e,v;o, (0^c,,). c><^,v>/mt (d'Jl); K^^vo. (k^i.), K.K^t/xat ; r.A... (rev), 
 r.Va;x«t ((ILT.); /^aAa, (/:;«A), /^*/^Av/x.u ; r«>.co (re^), r«r/.r//xat 0I-H5). 
 
 <m>. (\)njuirii((i (ho perfect middle systems of (ttAXw and 
 <t>a{va> in 778 and 77!). 
 
 (Jive thoir synopst's. 
 
 (J50. If V is not tliopivd ((5L>5), it is chai.go.l to «r before ^i, as «^atVa> 
 (t^tti/), ir€(f>(urij.iu. 
 
 051. In tho in<l('o(,ion, o- lu'twoon two conaoiiaiits is dropped. 
 
 <WSii. VOCABULARY. 
 
 diro-<rT<XXw, send awaj/, (fei^pntcft. 
 Sia-o-ircCpw, scatter about, scatter. 
 Oopp<«a, eappVjcrw, I96ippr\<ra, n9&ppi\Ka, 
 
 be bold or courageous. 
 otwv6s, ou, 6, omen. 
 otilSa^oO ((/. 01'), adv., nowhere. 
 b^9a\\i.6s, ov, 6 (cf. 6\poixai), eye. 
 irap-a-yY^XXw, pass along an order, give 
 
 orders, order. 
 
 <rir<Cp« {(TTrep), <rir€pw, ?<ririipo, J«rirop- 
 
 |*oi, i<rirdptjv, sow, throw about, 
 
 scatter, disperse. 
 <r<|><SSpa, adv., exceedingly. 
 <r«Trjp(a, as, ij {cf. aurifip), aafety, 
 
 deliverance. 
 TopATTft) (Ta/)ax),Tapd|(i>, ir&pa^a, Tird- 
 
 poYfioi, <Topdx6tiv, /ro)/6/e, disturb, 
 
 agitate. 
 
 053. 1. Oavfid^o) oTL ouSa/ioG KC/ao? ir^avTai. 2. Tra- 
 pyjyyekTo' Si toU ImrevcrL dappodon'' Sk^kclu. 3. icat ravra 
 
PKliFECT MIDDLE SYSTEM. 
 
 181 
 
 (IL'.'J-OLMI). 
 
 lOTttA/iUl , 
 'viti (TCI/), 
 
 (<IL>0). 
 
 as ifiaivo) 
 
 a, Harirap- 
 
 10 abouty 
 
 ago, Tird- 
 
 , disturb, 
 
 2. TTa- 
 Tavra 
 
 a«o,;,ra, .Tapaxffv <r.l,6Spa Kal rjp,irr,^,u .1 ^Sr, dnoKc^p,. 
 ix.,0. eU„.' 4. ot 8- Innu, i,T^app.i,o. d.rC„. 5. cru.,y^/.„, 
 ^<rav T<o„ Steo-wap/ieVw./ oj w\«(rTot. (J. KXcapxo^ Si tois 
 a\\oi9 ,5y«T0 Kara ri napr,yyi\p.^^,a,' ol 8' e.Vo^ro. 7. a7r<- 
 -rraVeVot «Vlp oj ayytXoi Kal o-i,,/ avTo2<! ,TTpaTr,y6, n, 
 ayaf^oj. 8. e'XaVo^o 8^ tS,. o-r/^artr^™^ o£ hu,j,0app.ipo, 
 vno 77,9 xioVo? Toi;s 6<l>0a\p.o^.;.'' 9. roir? 8^ Kp^ra^ (',/„? 
 aTreora'X^au ^ 10. ,r6/,t ,rayrr,pid<s ^pXu ^uo/^tVoi, otWis toC 
 Aios ToD a-otrrjpo^ Trd^avrai.. 
 
 <W4. 1. -lioals hiiil rtln^wly bocii doNpatchcd to tlie army 
 l)y (ynis. 2. lint the cavalry liave liocn disperaod. 3 '|'ho 
 army has been .,orni,,to<I. 4. None Iiavo ap,,„aro,l (w),„ ar„) 
 able to lielp u«. 5. Orders had been siven the peltii«t« to fclh.w. 
 
 .■/■'!n''";~ ',""'""■' l"'' '"■"" •'"""'• ''''"' ""''J'"' '" "'" '"""""'K i"«"itiv«. 
 
 ™pr..»«o, ,„„„„„. (.,»r,, .). _. r,.,. ,,„„ oputive, „.„ ,„.,. ,ilv„ tho ,,,'„«tu„ 
 ... .ta o,-,Knm f„r„,._. /... „,,.„,,„■„,, ,„„„,„,,, i;,,,,.,,, „,.,,,,^,,.j 
 
 (I.t..„.ll,v /,„„*.,„ ,„j„„,, ) ,„„, i„„i ,,„,.. ,„^,„ ,,,,,,,,„/ ,,,|^,^ ^^^^.^_^ _^^_^ 
 
 l.o„ w„ul,l ,„ , ^,„ S.„.A9«>« T..i (S(il) rok ^^#„Vo«. 1„ tl,o 
 
 pasmvo the , at.vo beco-nos the „ul,joct a„d tl.e accusative re,nai„8. Cf. 
 olo, T), and tho note. -^ 
 
 i^ 
 
 No. 49. Wheel and Axle of Scythe-bearing Chariot. 
 
 m 
 
182 
 
 Fiii/iT PASisn-E sy6ri!:M. 
 
 055. Cyrus advances with Less Caution. 
 
 cVct S* inl Tjj Td(t)pqi ovk €Ka>\v€ /JacnXci)? to Kvpov 
 (TTpdT€vixa Sia^aCveiu, cSofe Kal Kipco Kal toU dk\oL<; ov 
 p.i\\eiv p^ax^ldOai- worre rjj vaTepaia KC/oo? irropevero 
 rifiekpfx€U(os fiakkov. rjj Se rpLTj) em re tov dpfxaro^ 
 6 Kadrjfiepoq ttjv irop^idv iwoLelTo Kal okuyov^ cV rafct excov 
 npo avTov, to Se irokv airro) dvaT€Tapaypi€vov iiropev^To 
 Kal T(op 0TTk(i)v ToU o-T/Dartft^at? TroWa eVt afxa^wu yj-yero 
 Kai vTTol^vyt(t}v. 
 
 Notes. — 1. U!>Mt : iniporfect of attempted action. — 2. t^o^t : personal 
 construction, tlie subject being a pronoun referring to I3a(n\€v<:.~ 
 5. Kae^,i«vo«: sittmr/, participle of the vovh KdOrffxai, sit. Koth Ka^T^/xcvos 
 and «>v are participles of manner (495, ;}). _ (]. a«T$ : dative of disadoan- 
 tage (8G1); orpaTialTttis, in the next line, is a dative of advantage. 
 
 LESSON LXXI. 
 
 First Passive System. Complex Sentences in Indirect Discourse. 
 
 656. Review 553, 6. 
 
 657. Conjugate the first passive system of Xuco, loose, in 770. 
 Give its synopsis, first in the first aorist, then in the first future. 
 
 658. Liquid verbs suf¥er in the main the same changes in 
 the first passive system as in the first perfect system (623-626). 
 
 Thus, dyyc'AXo) (dyycA), ^yy iXOrjv (623); rciVo) (rev), ^niOr^v ^624, 
 625); KpiVcu (KpLv), iKpiOriv (625); ^oAAo (fia\), ifSXrjOrjv; rifxvm (rea) 
 iTfxrjOrjv (626). 
 
FIHHT PASSIVE SrSTEM. 
 
 Kvpov 
 
 l\ot9 OV 
 OpeV€TO 
 
 ipfjiaTo^ 
 
 op€V€TO 
 
 V rj-yeTO 
 
 personal 
 ■iA,cvs — 
 
 a$T^fX€VO<i 
 
 (isadvan- 
 
 course. 
 
 in 770. 
 
 ges in 
 3-626). 
 
 V (624, 
 
 18S 
 
 of ?Ln!''" '. "'?'"' ""'""^^' ''^- ^ «^"t«»«« consisting 
 
 C :> "^ ^'""^ ^"""^^^ ^^^^' ^'"l-' ^-^' «""]>!« sentences 
 
 (.^ .'^ 0.2, rm 460, 608, 628), but its dependent verb or ve 1 e 
 
 subject to the Jaw illustrated in the following ex.unples : 
 
 Tovs KaxaYaYT, otKaSe, ^. ;...^,-,,, them not to stol untitle 
 hnngH them hack home. ^ ^^ 
 
 M.^ /.. n^ai hring the guides whom they sent for ^ 
 
 5. X^va 8ti KaXcSs av ^crxcv ct ^irpa|av to«to, he says that 
 It would have been well if they had done this, ^ 
 
 6 <|>Ti(rl upd$at av S ti povXoivro, he says that he would do 
 whatever they might wish. 
 
 Each complex sentence is here ouofPfl nffor « ^ • 
 ™-. of Us ,.;.„,.„, e,a..e ch^^.Tet: t^o '21 ::: ""- "'^ 
 Convert each quoted complex sentence above into its origi,::, L.,n. 
 
 (W3. 1. ,tu.v 8ti .t,\„apo£,i Sans raCra Mvoi (this mid.t 
 nonTeZ ^'^"^' '" '"'' *'"" "'"'^"'^'- "^''^ ''«' '«'^<'<^ 
 
 2. KaXas i'|«v 4-<t,i,, .t toOto irp^TTot.v (this might be ikv 
 TOVTO ^paTT„at), & .aUi that il ,ooul,l le well if the} did thu. 
 
 n 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
184 
 
 FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM. 
 
 3. -OircorxcTo avTots jtii irpdcrBiv Travor€(reai irplv avToi»s 
 KaTa-yd-yoi o'ircaSe (this might be irplv av avTOvs KaTa-yoiYXl), 
 he promised them not to stop until he brought them back 
 home. 
 
 Here the dependent clause follows a secondary tense, and its verb 
 (originally n prmary ter.se of the indicative or a subjunctive) may either 
 be changed to the same tense of the optative or retained in the original 
 mood and tense. When the subjunctive becomes the optative, av is 
 dropped (i^v becoming «l). 
 
 4. Tovs T|"Y€|t6vas ^r\ a|€iv oSs fi€T€ir€>\|favTo (this could 
 not he ovs li^Taircfixj/aiVTo), he said that he would bring the 
 guides, whom they had sent for. 
 
 5. €X€|€v 8x1 KttXws dv €<JX€V €l €Trpa|av tovto (here no 
 change is possible), he said that it would have been well, if they 
 had done this. 
 
 6. €<t>Ti TTpalai av (J Ti povXoivTo (no change is possible), he 
 said that he would do what'^ver they might wish. 
 
 Here the dependent clause follows a secondary tense, but its verb 
 (originally a secondary tense of the indicative or an optative) retains its 
 mood and tense. 
 
 
 663. When a complex sentence is indirectly quoted, after 
 piimary tenses the dependent verbs retain the same mood and 
 tense. After past tenses, dependent primary tenses of the 
 indicative and all dependent subjunctives may either be 
 changed to the same tense of the optative, or retain their 
 original mood and tense. When a subjunctive becomes opta- 
 tive, av is dropped. But dependent secondary tenses of the 
 indicative and dependent optatives remain unchanged. 
 
FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM 
 
 185 
 
 ^^- VOCABULARY. 
 
 .t^Xt5v« («/.,..), at,x.v«, ,-^,,a, ,reat, ho. many as 
 
 Bcrxwenv (c/. a/<rx/,6s), «Aam« ; a.Vx(5- 
 
 "OMa. as pass, dep., /eei ashamed, 
 
 feel ashamed before. 
 &XX«s (cf dWos), adv., oi^emise. 
 Av-o£y«, Av.o(|«, dv.^u,|a, dv-^^Ya and 
 
 Av-^<5,Xa, dv-^^pY^as dv.cs)'xeT,v. ojjen 
 
 8^«, SV«, ?8T,«ra, 8«cKa, S^Sc^.u, IBi- 
 
 KaTa.<rx(5», split open, burst open. 
 »«ros, rj, OP, rel. pron., /iow, much or 
 
 ircSs, adv., m any my, at all (enclitic). 
 o-w+poo-wvT,, ^s, ^, self-control. 
 TtTp<6o-K« (r^o), Tp.i<r«, ?Tp«cra, T^rpc*. 
 
 Jiai» ^TptSOtjv, wound. 
 Too-ovTos, 77, 0., dem. pron., so much, 
 
 so many. 
 
 ■rvvxAva, (ru^), Tcvloptai, frwxov, rcrii. 
 XrjKa and Wrcvxa, Ai<, a«am, ^e<, 
 happen. 
 
 *\vap^«, 4»Xvap V«, ^a^A: nonsense, talk 
 bosh. 
 
 -..Too-ow^ affa/)ao-»c£uore>^;8ao-t\eruaYero-6'aL2 4 ., 
 ratrvtVew re Tac miX^v »i . ^ '*"A"<^'7at. 4. ko- 
 
 III 
 1 
 
 m 
 
186 
 
 FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM. 
 
 666. 1. The soldiers were drawn up^ and forced to proceed. 
 2. But the enemy flee in fear^ that they will be encircled 
 on both sides. 3. You will be forced to open the gates. 
 4. If these should be worsted, nobody would be left. 5. He 
 promised him that if he would come he would make him a 
 friend to Cyrus. 
 
 Notes. _ i ^o-w . . . to(tovtw, by how much . . . by so much, i.e. in English, 
 the . ^ . the, datives of the degree of difference (867). — 2 Cyrus thought, 
 oo-o) Aj/ BaTTOv ikOui, ToaovTia dTrapa(TK€V0T€pa) /Sao-iAci fiaxovfiai. — » The 
 passive construction after a verb signifying to teach (888), in which 
 the accusative of the thing taught is retained. — * The genitive fol- 
 lows verbs signifying to attain (845) ^ i,, the original Siv Tijxotfii.— 
 
 « Cf. G16, 5. — 7 as safely as possible. For ws with superlatives, Latin 
 quam, see the general vocabulary. — s Slv belongs also with fiaxoifxtOa. ~ 
 » Use the aorist participle. — 10 Use the aorist participle of SeiSw. 
 
 667. "The King is coming!" 
 
 /cat rjSrj re ^v dfi(l>l ayopav irXridovdav koX nXyjaiov 
 Vv 6 (TTaOfioq evOa Kv/oo? e/xeX\e KaraXiuv, r)ULKa durjp 
 Ucpa-rjs Trpo(f)aiveTai i\avvo)v dvd Kpdro^; /cat evOits ndo-Lv 
 oh ivETvyxavep i/36d /cat fiap/3apLK^<; Kal 'EWtji^lk^^ 6tl 
 5 ^ao-tXeu? crw o-rparev/Aart noWw npoaepxeTaL cJ? (as if) 
 ct9 P'dxnv 7ra/)eo-/ceuao-/AeVo9. €p6a Sr) TroXtr? rdpaxo^s 
 iyiv^To- avTt/ca ydp iSoKovv ol "EXXt/i^c? /cat TraWe? 8e 
 araKToi^ o-<J)1(tlv iinTrea-dcrdaL. 
 
 Notes.— 1. tJv . . . irXyjeovo-ov : it tms about the time of full market.— 
 2. «rTa0|ids : halfinr/ place. - 8. 'irpo«j)aCv€Tai . . . Kpdros : comes in sight riding 
 at full speed. — 7. Kal ,rdvT6s 8^ .- and (8c) all alike, i.e. Persians as well as 
 Greeks. — 8.^ 4mu€o-«£o-eai: their thought was, drtiKrois (in disorder) ^fuv 
 iinwtirciTai pao-tAeus. See tTri-TriTTTw. 
 
proceed. 
 Jiicircled 
 e gates. 
 5. He 
 B him a 
 
 1 English, 
 thought, 
 . — 8 The 
 in which 
 litive fol-. 
 
 V)(OllXl 
 
 Bs, Latin 
 HfjLtda. — 
 
 'Xtjctlov 
 a av7)p 
 
 ? TTaCTLV 
 KCJ^ OTL 
 
 (as if) 
 
 \arket 
 
 'lit riding 
 
 well as 
 
 er) rifiXv 
 
 SECOND PASSIVE SrSTEM. Jg; 
 
 lESSON IXXII. 
 
 Second Passive System. 
 
 668. The second passive system includes the second aorist 
 and second future passive. 
 
 ^^ ««». Conjugate the second passive system of .riXU, und, 
 Give its synopsis, first i„ the second aorist, then in the seeond f„ture 
 
 passive sten, .raX. (672 ThTs' iflenl 7^ ^ • """' """""^ ='°™* 
 in the other .oods LI a ^Sel'^ 'fi Lrdi 1^ ttT ^^ 
 ary tense the second aorist nassivp h.. o '"^/"^"S- As a second- 
 follows the inflection of thelrrttZt pliTeTrr;"" '"^ ""'"^- " 
 
 671. The second future passive adds <to/, to the stem of fho 
 aonst passive, with the tense suffix e lengthened to7 It foil 1 """I 
 tion of the first future passive (770). ^' ^"°''' ^^' "^^^^■ 
 
 672. An c in the verb stem generally becomes a. 
 
 673. 
 
 piafcos {cf. ^tdfoMat), adv., violently, 
 e|oK6<rioi, at, a, 66'6'. 
 
 H«Xpi» conj., Mn«Z. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 v€Kp6s, oO, 6, corpse; oi venpol, the 
 
 dead. 
 iraXTdv, oO, t6, spear, javelin. 
 rpoirifi, ^y, V {cf. rpiTTco), rout, defeat. 
 io-Tcpaios, a 0. (c/. ilcrre/jos), later, fol- 
 
 lowing. 
 
 674. 1 
 
 KvyOC 
 
 €1 TT 
 
 ■opevdeirj eVt rou? crr/>aTt(ura"? 
 
 UTTO 
 
 roi' 
 
 //7A IJ/^i 
 
 c/cttX 
 
 
 
188 
 
 SECOND PASSIVE SYSTEM. 
 
 a. Sca^0apr,.a. noXi, roC crrpar..;/.aro5. 11. ,al iSov- 
 
 meT^'s^' J^^T'"' "''P'"'''' ''^'''" ^'* * *«"«-»d horse- 
 men. J. The barbarians turned « and fled. 3. The soldier, 
 came togetherS and deliberatpH 4 ci, f soldiers 
 
 brave^it nf tl,« " "^liberated. 4. Show yourselves' the 
 
 No. 50. apAio 
 
VERBAL ADJECTIVES. 
 
 189 
 
 VCTTCpOV 
 
 ''qcrav oi 
 iyevero, 
 
 ■' OpflTJ- 
 'TTO TWV 
 
 Wyjvcop 
 
 I horse- 
 soldiers 
 3s7 the 
 ittered, 
 
 ®'^^* The Order of Battle. 
 
 Ka\ Kvpo, idcopdKliero koI tSl rraXra el, A, ^,2pas 
 
 cAa^c rot. re dWo., nacr. TraprjyyeXXep i^07rXlCecr6au 
 
 ..ea 8rj cry. noXXrj anovSfj eVaVro.ro, KXe^apxo, ^.h rh 
 
 Bei^o. ro. EU,..oO i^., .p6, r^ E^pdry .ora;xc3, 
 
 5 n^ofe.o. 8e ex6t.euos. ol 8* dXXoc p^er^ rovrov. Uivcv k 
 
 Kac Tocrrparevpa rh eic^.v^o. K^pa, icrxe rov 'EXXrf.^Kov. 
 
 rov 8eJapfiap.,ov innels ^.kv Ua<t>Xay6ue, el, ^a.ov, 
 
 napa KXeapxov irdxOrjaav iv r<? Septal Kal rh 'EXXrjucKhu 
 
 rreXraar^Kov iv U r^ eho.v<>p.^ ^ Kp,al6, re 6 Ktpov 
 
 10 UTrapxo? /cat r6 (?X\o ^a/o/3ayot/coV. 
 
 Notes. -For the disposition of the forces, see No. 56 -5 iv. 
 9. TH, cAcaviO^s, : of the entire Greek force. ^ ^' ~ 
 
 literally 
 ^ Dative 
 pursuit. 
 )osition. 
 
 LESSON LXXIII. 
 
 Verbal Adjectives. 
 
 677 Verbal adjectives are derived from verb stems, and are 
 
 generally equivalent to passive participles in meaning. Thev 
 
 are formed by adding rds and t^os to the verb stem, which 
 
 generally ha. the same form as in the first aorist passi;e (with 
 
 the change of .j, and X to ir ar.fi K before T). 
 
 Thus, .oU., do, ino.ri»,r, ,„,,,^„, . „^,„- ^ 
 
 JTopcureosi wt/j.ww. send. iW„A/)^., _., .'. . /, ,. P'^varjv, 
 
190 
 
 VERBAL ADJECTIVES. 
 
 678. The verbal in t€OS has both a personal and an impersonal 
 construction, of which the latter is more common. 
 
 679. 1. aXXai vt]€S jJi6Tair€|jnrT€at €l<riv, other ships must be 
 sent for. 
 
 2. a)<))€XTiT€a <roi t| irdXis eariv, the city must be succored by 
 you. 
 
 680. In the personal construction the verbal in tc'os is 
 passive in sense, and expresses necessity, like the Latin parti- 
 ciple in dus, agreeing with the subject. The agent is expressed 
 by the dative. 
 
 68.1. 1. TavTtt y\^Xv ttoltitc'ov ccttiv, we must do this. 
 
 2. Tr€(nTT€a co-tI t6v o-xpaTirybv Ujiiv, you must send your 
 general. 
 
 3. TTiv iropeiav UjiTv irejxj iroii]T€Ov, you must make the 
 journey on foot. 
 
 682. In the impersonal construction the verbal is in the 
 neuter of the nominative singular (sometimes plural), with iari 
 expressed or understood. The expression is equivalent to Set, 
 one 7nust, with the infinitive. It is practically active in sense, 
 and allows transitive verbals to have an object like their verbs. 
 The agent is expressed by the dative. 
 
 683. 1. €Xa0€ t6v Kvpov dircXOwv, he went off unnoticed by 
 Cyrus. 
 
 2. €Tvx€ •H^9 Ta|is avT<p k'Tro^ivr\ twv ottXitwv, as it chanced, 
 a division of heavy-armed men was following him. 
 
 3. <|)ed(r€i Tovs dXXous Kvpos dAncdiieyoS; Cyrus ivill arrive 
 before the others. 
 
 2. 
 
VEllIiAL A DJEC TI VES. 
 
 191 
 
 684.. The participle with XavGdvo), e8cape the notice of, 
 Tu-yxavo), happen, and <t>edva), anticipate, contains the leading 
 idea of the expression and is usually translated by a verb. The 
 aorist participle here coincides in time with the verb (unless 
 this expresses duration) and does not denoL past time in itself. 
 
 686. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 diro-iropcvonai, go off, depart. 
 
 Jt]X«t<Ss, -q, 6p {cf. ^7}\6w, envy), to be 
 envied, enviable. 
 
 9av\tavrr6s, ■/), bv {cf. davfui^w), wonder- 
 ful, surprising. 
 
 t-iririKtfs, ^, 6v (cf. XirTosi),for cavalry; 
 rb lirniK6v, the cavalry, the horse. 
 
 Xavedvft) (\a^), \^<r«, cXaGov, XiXtjOa, 
 X^Xrjo-nai, escape the notice of; mid. , 
 forget. 
 
 |iav0Avw (fxad), jiae^o-onai, Ijioeov, 
 ItcfidOtjKa, learn, esp. by inquiry, 
 find out, hear of. 
 
 lUTdirtniTTOs, ov {cf neTavifiirofMu), 
 sent for. 
 
 |ii^-iroT€ {fii^ + TTOT^), never. 
 
 $C<)>os, ous, t6, sword. No. 40. 
 
 <|>Odv(i) {<t>0a), <t>e^<ro)iai and ^Q&trw, 
 i^9r]v and i^daa-a, anticipate, out- 
 strip. 
 
 686. 1. el<s KaXov^ '^Kere- iirl yap to opos nopevreov. 
 2. (TKenTCov fioL Sok€l ehat ottcws tol OTrXa i^ofxev, tol Sopara 
 KOL ra iL(t>7j /cat ra dWa. 3. /cat ol linreh iXdvBavov 
 avTov^ eVt ToI yr)\6(l>co y€v6fX€voi.^ 4. ovk dv eir) OavfiaG-rhv 
 el Tvxoiev ravra tiaOovre^. 5. o^TO<i hk Teray/xeVo? irvyxav^v 
 eVt rrp e{)aivi^p,(ji jov lirmKov^ dpxcop. 6. cS dpSpe^ (TTpari^- 
 rat, TT^v nopeidv ireCf) 7roLr)T€ov • ov ydp eVrt TrXota. 7. napijp 
 Se^ /cat Aa/ce8at/ioVto9 rt? eVt tc^p v€wv, />teTaVe/>i7rT09 vno 
 Kvpov. 8. /cat <l)6dvov(TLv eVt rw a/c/Qw yepofievoi tov^ 
 TToXefiiovs. 9. i5/x,ti/ Sk iravTa TrotTyrea cJ? /LtiyVor' eVt toI^ 
 
 , ,- / — . y^ f-v,.v-«.. _..v/. cytu oc up^wu Tov oLKaoe BovXo^ 
 
 pevov diroiropevea-daL rot? ot/cot Jt/Xwtoi/^ TroLTJao). 
 
192 
 
 VEHBAL ADJECTIVES. 
 
 687. 1. This it seems to me must be considered. 2. On the 
 following day the generals resolved that they must advance 
 through the mountains. 3. For there are many^ (reasons) 
 why« I must not do this. 4. It would not be surprising 
 if Cyrus should think that he must pursue these men. 
 5. He says that the generals ought to consider what the 
 hindrance is. 
 
 Notes. — ' Sc. xpovov, in the nick of time. — 2 Xote avrous, they got 
 
 there before they knew it. — 'With dpx<»Vy as commander of the horse ■» an 
 
 object of envy to his (friends) at home. For the two accusatives after ttoicw, 
 see 840. — ^ Use the neuter plural, — « hC a. 
 
 688. Armor of Cyrus and his Bodyguard. The Enemy appear. 
 
 Kvpos Be Kal ol tTTTTCts TovTov 6(Tov i^aKocTLOL (onXLcrixd- 
 VOL rjcrav 0(opd^L fiep avTol /cat 7rapa/ii7/3t8tots /cat Kpdvecri 
 irdvTeq irXrjp Kvpov Kvpos Se ^iXrfv cT^c ttjv K€<l)aX7)p iv 
 '^V H'^'XV- o^ ^* tTTTTOt Trdvr€<; ol fxerd Ktfpov elxov /cat 
 5 7r/oo/icTft)7rtSta /cat Trpoo-Tepvihia- et^ov Se /cat fxaxoL^pd^ 
 OL tTTTTCt? E\Xr)VLKa^. /cat 17817 re ^v fiecrov rifi€pd<s /cat 
 oviro) /caTa<^ai/cts -^a-av ol noXefiiOL • rjvLKa 8e 8etX7; 
 ey^yveTOy i<l)dpr) KovLopTos wa-nep vefftiXr} XevKrj, XP^^V 
 oe TToXXoi varepop (Zcnrep fieXapid rt? ip tcj ireSCa) 
 eVt TToXv. 
 
 Notes — 1. ^o-ov : neuter as adverb, with numerals, about. — 3. wXtjv 
 
 Ktipou : the exception extends only to Kpavtm 7. T|v£Ka . . . i^l-^vtro -. 
 
 when it began to be (literally, was becoming) afternoon 8. 4<|>dvTj : there was 
 
 seen \p6v<if . . . 4irl iroXv : considerably later (the cloud of dust appeared) 
 
 fust like a sort of blackness in the plain for a great distance (eVt ttoXv). For 
 Xpov(a, a dative of the degree of difference, see 867. 
 
On the 
 advance 
 reasons) 
 rprisiiig 
 e men. 
 iiat the 
 
 they got 
 sc- 
 
 an 
 
 er TTOico}, 
 
 it. 
 
 rXicrfxe- 
 
 pdv€(Tl 
 
 iXrjp iv 
 'OV Kol 
 
 L. 
 
 )d9 Kal 
 
 SeiXrf 
 
 Xp6p(o 
 
 3. ttXtjv 
 lYt7V«T0 : 
 
 here was 
 ppeared) 
 j). For 
 
 REGULAR VERBS IN MI, TtdrjfiL. 
 
 193 
 
 LESSON LXXIV. 
 Regular Verbs in MI, TiQt\\Li, 
 
 689. Some verbs form the present and second aorist systems 
 by adding the personal endings directly to the verb stem, 
 omitting the tense suffix % (135, 606), except in the subjunctive! 
 In these verbs, therefore, the present and second aorist stems 
 are the simple verb stem, which is, however, often reduplicated 
 with t in the present system. 
 
 690. Compare the following forms of the present indicative active of 
 Tt-erj-fiL (Oe), place, put, with those of Av<o (Av), loose : 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 Tt-0T|-(Al 
 
 Tt-OtJ-O-l 
 
 DUAL. 
 
 tUOc-tov 
 T£-9e-Tov 
 
 PLURAL. 
 Tf-e€-T€ 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 Xvu 
 
 Xucis 
 
 Xvci 
 
 DUAL. 
 
 Xvc-TOV 
 Xv€-TOV 
 
 PLURAL. 
 XvO-fiCV 
 Xw€-T€ 
 
 Xvovcri 
 
 691. Such verbs are called Verbs in |ii, because they retain 
 the personal ending fii in the first person singular of the present 
 indicative active. Verbs like Xv« are called Verbs in «. 
 
 692. Learn the conjugation of the present and second aorist 
 systems of ti0ii|jli (^e), place, put, in 784 and 788. 
 
 693. Review the endings and suffiixes given in 136, 145 175 • 
 401,413,455,484,493. ' ' 
 
 Read and note the following in explanation of the paradigms : 
 
 694. 1. In the singular of the present indicative active, and in the 
 first person of the Hingular of the imperfect indicative active, 9t is length- 
 ened to ©i|, and the third person plural of the present ends in So-i (for vo-i). 
 
 
194 
 
 BEOULAR VBUnS W MI, rid,,^,. 
 
 2- In tlie iniiwrfect indicative activp <»(«. i ,. 
 a contract verl, r.«.V c/ Lu^!' ,.'"!' '^"" '"'' f""-"""! «» if from 
 t'.e present i„,,„.ative active. 1^12! ^' *"*'^- ^'"'''"'>' ^"" "' 
 
 4. Tl.e optative has the n.ood su-fiH , J "", ^''"^• 
 
 only before active e„,li..g,,. The mZl ! ,B ' ?^' ' '"■ ""• ''"* "'" ''"'«'• 
 »te„. and contracts withlt. J. «,! .," "'"'"' '"''■""^ "> "» ™1- 
 
 the ,nood sufHx. ' ""^ ^"""» "'« '-"^cent cannot ,m, beyond 
 
 .» ^''^^'rtilf :o:rt::tair'"™r^^^ ""- - --" 
 
 tense suffix Ka for o^a (148). ^ ' '''*''*' ^^^•**' ^^''"•ed with the 
 
 7. The active participles I V ^ "''"^:^^^ ^*-- '^^^^'^^ -)• 
 
 1 Ttocts diid 0,fs are declined like Xvdci^ (754). 
 
 695. 
 
 alxi*AX«Tos, 0., c«pj!,,red; aa noun, 
 
 oi '^ixt^d\o,roi^ prisoners of war, cap. 
 tives. 
 
 Avo-Tfetijii, set up, dedicate. 
 
 avTofi (c/. air6.), adv., i„ ^e «eny 
 
 place, here, there. 
 PaKrrjpfa, «,. ^, ,^^^ ,„,^^^ ^^^^.^^_ 
 
 s^icAr. Nos. 1, 30, 36. 
 Y^Ppov, ov, t6, wicker shield. 
 yivv, y6paTos, rd, knee. 
 8<Pf*o, aros, t6, hide, skin. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Sta.r(0t,^t, set out in order, arrange, 
 dispose. 
 
 ^''•''^^ni^^, put or place in, of fear, instil 
 in, inspire in. 
 
 ^Tt-T(0r,^t, impose on, inflict; mid., 
 
 put oneself on, attack. 
 <rvv-T£0T,^i, put or place together; mid 
 
 contract, agree on, make an agree- 
 
 ment. 
 
 ^te^Kt (Oe), 0V«, ?0T,Ka, W0aKa, W0«. 
 
 696. 1. imOrjo-eraL riuTu^ 9 / cs» , 
 
 /cat «X.„o„a-t M<iTr,<T0<u ^^ 6«r., 
 
!<1 .18 if from 
 arly rl9u in 
 
 8 ill (O Qil5, 
 UO). 
 
 t the latter 
 
 to the verb 
 
 ;)ass beyond 
 
 ' not occur. 
 d with the 
 
 the infini- 
 i vat). 
 
 ! (754). 
 
 BeavzAR vmm in mi, r,W,^,. 
 
 , arrange, 
 'ear, instil 
 't; mid., 
 
 er; mid,, 
 in agree- 
 to., t46h- 
 
 VfJLLV 
 
 t).*?^'^' ]' ^^^ '«'l'l't«s grounded arms 5! ti . 
 
 tlie Greeks would attack them ,i , . "'^ ^'""■"d *»' 
 
 inflict punishment on 1!"; rT*" ! " "^''^- «' "« -'" 
 
 inflict punisliment on me ' -5 A f",' ''''' "'"•>' t*"^*" and 
 
 agreement/ they proceeded to tht rivlf " ''"' '""■ "^^^ *is 
 
 "we^vo,. *■ ""'P'"- - Tawa (e„^„a,e accusative) 
 
 698. Tk, E„„y,, ^„^^ ^^^_^^ 
 
 ^„ s< . . ""*"'« Persian Centre. 
 
 Vrrpanre Kal at Xo'vyac «ai ' • %^ ^"^'"'^ "^ 
 
 ToXc/*.'a,^, ^y<;„e^o, s; '"^ '''' "" ^i<opvp.ov rZp 
 
190 
 
 HKADINa LESSON. 
 
 apfiara ra hpiwavr^ifiopa KaXovficua. Kal cV tovtco Kvpo<: 
 
 irap^Xavpuiv avro^ aw ULyprjTL t^ ipp.y)vd Kal aXXoi? 
 
 Tpiali^ r) T€TTapaL rm KXidpxco ^/36d dycLu to (TTpaTtvpa 
 
 10 Kara fxcaov to tCou no\€p.Ccou, on CKel ^acrtXeu? ^i/. " Kdv 
 
 TOUT*," C0T/, •' WKW/LtCt/, ndl^6* r^pTlV TrCTTOlT^Tat." 
 
 NOTEH. --- 1 . xa\K(if Ti9 ^Tpairr. : hnr ami thnr (rJv) thnr honzv armor 
 
 be,,antojlas/,. T.. Kord Jevr, : nation /,,, nation. - iv ir\a^<rl,f wX^jpu dvOp.4. 
 
 ir-v : in a soli^l s^inar,: — 7. KaXov^iiva : .s,; ral/nl. -- 10. k«v : i.e. kui «ai/.— 
 11. ir.iro(i,Tai : alM.ouKh i. |).Tr..ct, in form, tlii« ivfors vividly to tlio futuro, 
 — our whole ivork- «.v (iri/l have been) done. ('/. M7. 
 
 No. 5 1 . ffT^fpavos, 
 
^Oi Kvpoq 
 ,t aXXoi9 
 rpdrevfia 
 
 onzf armor 
 /jpii dvOptii. 
 Kai ii'tv, — 
 Lliu i'uturu, 
 
 HKOULAU VKHlis IN MI, gt'^cy/it. 
 
 197 
 
 LESSON LXXV. 
 
 Regular Verbs In MI, 6(6«jjit. 
 
 «»f). Lcvrtm thoconjUKution of tlu, p.oscnt and «ocond aorist 
 syMuins ol 6(6cojii (6o), .//.,, in 78r, and im. 
 
 Read an,l ..o(,., tho following i„ ox,,lanution c.f th. i.anulig,„H : 
 
 f. V^^' /;,'•' l':'^'^'"^^"''^'"'' ^''" !>'•<'«<'"<' i'"Jioativo activ. 80 is lengthened 
 to 8«, and the third jH-rson phual ends in Ho-i. 'u.guienea 
 
 2 In tho in.perfe,.t, in.li.^ativo active. «(8o«v, «£8ov,. 48(8o« are formed 
 as if from a contract verl, 8i8«V (^f ihrWoL Jfi'x """ 'J'^^ '"""*'^» 
 «i.nilar,y 8C8ov in the present in,.erativ;fa!!t ;;'l^ZS''" ^^^^^>- 
 .J. For the formation of the snhjnnetive and optative, see m '{ and 4 
 but here in the subjnnctive + , = v, not ot (.-MO)! ' ' '^ '"^^ ^' 
 
 ;!• The singnhtr of the secon.l aorist in.lieative active .Iocs not occur 
 .H Bupphed by the first aorist forn.s »8«Ka, l8«Ka,. ««k.. fonn d . it h 
 tho tense siUhx Ka lor <ra (1 tH). i^nnou wiin 
 
 r,. In tho second aorist iniporative active, S69 is irroirular a„rl <h« ^ a • 
 tivo 8o0va. (for So-cva.) is formed with the .ending Ja'' ' """' 
 
 0. The active participles 8.8oiis and 8o«, are declined like \6<ov (7^^ 
 except in the nominative singular masculine. ^ ^ ^' 
 
 701. 
 
 «iX£o-KO,iai (a'\, a'Xo), aX(6o-OHiai, rtX«v 
 
 and iJXwv, JdXuKa and T]\«Ka, /;e 
 
 crtpfwred, i5aA:eu, or caught, used as 
 pass, to alpiu. 
 
 dvo.YiYv<6o-K», A:mo?« agram, recognize, 
 read. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 7iVv«S«rK» (7^0), Yv«S<ro^iai, Iyvwv, 
 Iyv«ko, JfYvwo-^ai, <Yv.i<reiiv, knoio, 
 perceive, feel, experience, learn, 
 think. 
 
 w.._r- \....;, „„„„j lowKo, 0<&wKa, 5^6o- 
 
 r ' a 
 
 if 
 
198 
 
 REGVLAU VERBS IN MI, B{BcofjLi. 
 
 K&vSvs, uos, 6, caftan, a long outer 
 garment. No. 11, 
 
 irapa.8(8cajii, pass along, give up, sur- 
 render, ft and over. 
 
 irXia (ttXu), TrXcvo-Ofiai and irXcvo-oOi^ai 
 ifTrXiua-a, ir^irXtuKO, ir^irX€vo-|jioi, sail. 
 
 irpo.8C8wjii, give over, betray, abandon. 
 o-W4>avos, ov, 6, crown, lorcath, chaplet, 
 
 garland. No. 51. 
 Xpv<ro-xdXivos, ov (xpvaSs, gold + xd\7- 
 
 vos, bridle), with gold mounted 
 
 bridle. 
 
 a Although not /xt-verbs, atWo/xat and ytyv6aK<s> have second aorists 
 01 the fii-form. 
 
 702. 1. dvayuovs ttjp imaToX^v IhcoKe XcoKpaTei. 2. KO- 
 po9^ Se iKeipcp SCSoj(TLi^ iTTTTOv XP^^oxdXlvov /cat Kdvhvv, 
 3.^ rip(;,To}v iKdvoi el Solev du tovtojp tol maToi. 4. tfi^p 8^ 
 TtSi/ 'EWyjucou Kal (rr^avov iKdcrra) XRvcrovu Sc^a-oj. 5. Kal 
 SovvaL Kal \afidv Tncrrd iOiXofxev. 6. koX ehOh^ ^yva^crav 
 irdpTes 6tl^ eyyi;? icTt ^acrtXev'?. 7. eVt tdpSa^; o{, nXev- 
 aovuraL, ikp /.>) avroU XPVf^oLTa StS^rc. 8. Kal liriro, 
 y)\o,cTav et9^ ^Ikoctl, Kal ij <TKr)vi) id\<o. 9. rfj ydp 7rp6cTeev 
 Vf^cpa n^pTTcop /3ao-t\€V9 rd SnXa irapahMvai iKeXevev. 
 10. dpdyKT,^ Syj poL vpd, npoSoura' rfj Ktpov <i>iXia 
 XPwOai. 11. rrph^ S^ ^acriXid wepncop ^ftov Kdpo^ 
 d,SeX<t>h^ c^v^ aircw Sodijvai oP ravVds rks 7r6Xa<; pdXXop 
 r) TL(r(ra<f)eppr]v dpx^iv avTwv. 
 
 703. 1. And he did not give them pay. 2. They bound 
 the guide and handed (liim) over to them. 8. She is said to 
 have given much money to Cyrus. 4. They gave the Cxreeks 
 barbarian spears. 5. He took the letter and gave it to Cyrus. 
 
 Notes. 1 «fto./. _ 2 Sc. eVr^'.-S Tn agreement with ^c, the unex- 
 pressed subject of xPwOai.--^ The participle expresses cause (495, '>) _ 
 6 See 487 and 435. ^ ^' 
 
', abandon, 
 th, chaplet^ 
 
 >ld + x<iX<- 
 nwunted 
 
 id aorists 
 
 2. KO- 
 
 '/JLCJV Se 
 
 6. Kal 
 
 yvcocrav 
 
 If nXev- 
 
 ITTTTOl 
 
 pocrdev 
 eXevev. 
 <f)L\.La 
 Kvpo^ 
 laWov 
 
 bound 
 said to 
 jrreeks 
 Cyrus. 
 
 3 unex- 
 I '>^ 
 
 BBGULAU VEUBS IN MI, JVt,^,. 
 
 199 
 
 704. Cleatchus refuses. The Barbarians' Advance. 
 
 ^«r, «arep.6'e., r. S K^^. a.«pf.„.o on aL ^iXo. 
 
 av._ra, .avro„ ,.rpare.;^„n npoaip^^ra., rb Si 'EXX^.^^. 
 m e. ro, at^a, ^.Vo. <r..raVr.rac. «al 6 Kipo, nap^XaH- 
 VO.U o. .a^„po, aira; ™ ..rpar.^^an «ar.^.aro W- 
 po>,Te anofi\,„u>u et, r. roi, ^o\e^tov9 «ai ro.>s -^tXovs. 
 
 o B^a a °"f-f r':"™"" '" «1«- ««»«- : al»„ co„ce ,,ive.l 
 
 LESSON LXXVI. 
 Regular Verbs in MI. Io-tthjh. 
 
 systems li'Z ""rf '^'""" "^ '^^ P''"*'"' '^"-J «''«''"<» "0"«t 
 systems of i,7T,,^i ^.rra), ,et, make ,tand, in 780 and 790. 
 
 Read and note the following in explanation of the paradigms : 
 
 III 
 
200 
 
 REGULAH VERBS IN MI, '{arv^it. 
 
 2. In the sin,n>lar of tl.o present and in.porf.ot in.lioativo active, <rra is 
 en,thene.l to .r,, an<l tl.e thinl p.-son plural of the present en.ls in .. 
 iTTUirt ansmjr fron, lara-d<n by contraction. 
 
 ^{. In the in.perfect indicative, I is due to the au^•nlent (G7 '>) 
 
 4 For tlie forn.ation of the s.ibjunctive and optative, see '«!)!, ;{ and 4 
 but^here ,u the subjunctive a + , = ,, .., a, and a + ,=,, not , (;M„). ' 
 
 o In the present inoperative active, W-n^ (for ftrru-^o reiects Ot -LnH 
 lengtiuMis the final vowel of the stem. ^ •" '"'^ 
 
 ^ 6. The lengthenino. of <rTa to o^rr, occurs also in the second aorist 
 mdicat,ve, nnperative (except in <rxdvr«v>, and infinitive active 
 
 7. The active participles terras and ^rt, are decline.l like Adcra, (751) 
 
 H. The second aorist middle of tVrv/ic does not occur. 
 
 707. 
 
 dv-fo-TTjiii, make rise, rouse; inid., 
 with perf. and second aor. act., 
 intrans., stand up, rise. 
 
 diro-SiSpio-Kw, rim away, escape by 
 stealth. 
 
 Pt'Po^ai, ipdOtiv, (JO, walk. 
 8ia-Pa(v(i>, gfo ouer, cross. 
 8i8pd<rKai (Spa), SpJ^o-onai, i'8pov, 
 
 8^8paKa, run. 
 8wvo(iai (Sum), 8uvVonai, ScSvvTjuai, 
 ^SuvVjOtjv, be able or capable, be 
 worth, amonnt to, signify. 
 l|i-ir£nTr\ti(ii, fill full, satisfy. 
 iirC<rTO|iai (<?jrt(TTa), ^iriorrVjo-Ofjiai, TJiri- 
 <rT^eT]v, understand, know. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ^-£o-TT|^i, brinf/ to a stand, make halt; 
 
 mid., with perf. and second aor. act., 
 
 intrans., halt, stop. 
 i'o-Ttjui (ara), o-T^o), iVrtjca and 
 
 «0-TT)V, Ko-TTjKa, ^O-TOflOl, ^<rTd0TlV, 
 
 set, make stand, make halt; mid. 
 
 (except first aor.), with perf. and 
 second aor. act., intrans., stand, 
 ^(op, halt. 
 Ka0.£<rTTj|ii, set down or in order, settle, 
 station, establish; mid., with perf. 
 and second aor. act., intrans., take 
 one's place. 
 ir£jiir\T,|ii (7r\a), ttX^w, iVXT]<ro, irt- 
 •»r\T]Ka, WffXTiiiai and ir^irXTjo-jioi, 
 iTr\ii<rer\v, fill. 
 
 J^z^r""''' ""'""' '''''"-' ™" '''-'" <««=^ "»™ -"■«' 
 
 t 
 
 a 
 J 
 
;ivp, era is 
 ids ill oo-i, 
 
 I, ;J and 1, 
 its 6i and 
 md aorist 
 s (7ol). 
 
 lake halt; 
 1 aor. act., 
 
 1<ra and 
 ia-T6.9r\v, 
 
 lit; mid. 
 )erf. and 
 . , stand, 
 
 ith porf. 
 lis., ^(A-e 
 
 []<ro, ir^- 
 ! second 
 
 UEGULAR VERBS IN MI, tVT?//xt. 201 
 
 708. 1. olhk TToXe'fXLOL OVK€TL icTTrjCTaP. 2. iiu TL Svpr^- 
 
 /xat, ravra nocrjcrco. 3. r^, Sccj^Oepd, inLf^nXacrau xlXod.' 
 4. a^ecrT>;a-a^ ol ^EXX>;^e9 Kal cIttoz. oVt aipd roh, </>Aa/ca9 
 
 .rrnea,. ^6. dXX^ Kal rovr6 ye eVtVracr^e. 7. rovro^ 
 6e ouSe^ aWo Svi^arai ^ ^iro^pava^. 8. e'ySovXev'o^ro oVa>9 
 a. /caUcara S.a^are.. 9. cVeWr; 6 Kvpo. cr^. rol^ ^ep\ 
 avTov ap^aroi,. 10. 6 hk €>m/.7rXa\ a7raVra>^ t>)^ y^c.5;.^^« 
 aTrenefxneu. U. crrdprcou ol oTrXlra,. 12. ciXV e5 eVtcrra- 
 o-e/wi^ ort ovK dno^eSpoiKdcnv. 
 
 7m). 1. He lutlted his men. 2. Xenophon rose and spoke 
 as fo lows 3. He was not able to rise. 4. They made those 
 who had been wounded^ rise. 5. You must cross the river, 
 that the enemy may not escape by stealth. 
 
 ,' J'"''''';"' ""^f '''''''''' ^^^«"*' disregarding the contraction, r/. 
 
 tive of the thing filled and the genitive of inaterial (848). -8 Second 
 aonst of the ,u-forn.. - . Refers to a course of conduct. - « Ln. _ « '2 
 funuj the destre.-^ Use the perfect participle with the article (487, 3 and 4). 
 
 710. The Sacrifices are favorable. The Watchword. 
 
 tSoi^ hkKvpov dirh Tov 'EXXriuLKov Bevocf^^u 'Aerjualo,, 
 neXacras ojcrre xrvpavr^aaL -Ijpero el tl irapayyeXXoL - 6 8' 
 €7n<TT7Jcrd, elire koI Xeryeiv eKeXevcre irdcnv ort rd lepd 
 KaXd. ravra Sk rai Bevo<f>C.vr, Xeyc^v dop^ftov ^Kovcre, 
 5 Kavripero rL, 6 Oopv^o, ely^. 6 8^ KXeapxo, elneu SrL 
 crvj^uvi^a napepxera, hevrepov ^8r) Sea r^j. rd^ecv. Kal 
 edavp^a^e Kvpos tl, irapayyiXXet, Kal ^pero 6 n etrj rb 
 
 i 
 
 u 
 
 It, ■ 
 
202 
 
 liKADiNii ;,a;.s.syw. 
 
 K.po, a.,,^.,, ^^',^Xa Se^o^a.' re," i^r,, " .al Wo 
 10 ecrrc.. ravra 8 «W «, r^. airov ^d.pdu d,rrj\av.,.. 
 
 ,e W -t ""•";■"""""""■'• '■'"'■ ' '""iv 1,1, Ih.,.,:t ,,,,r»l,i.,„ 
 
 :. ;„,":,';; T""'" T-"" """•''•■■• -"" ««-=^- kUx« .tv. 
 
 No. 52, Zeds 2wt},p ^a( N^/ct;. 
 
liEGULAU VEHlim IN MI, Bcifc 
 
 7- o oe 
 
 U TOVTO 
 — TJpCTO ; 
 
 'liit'sMon, 
 
 /lov.sc). — . 
 
 iO% tlirtv : 
 
 (jiving it 
 
 VVflL. 
 
 203 
 
 LESSON LXXVII. 
 
 Regular Verbs in MI, 6€iKvii|ii. 
 
 JL\!T) '^"- '"'J"^^'-^^"'"' ^'f ^J'^' l'^-««-»t system of 6c(. 
 1 ^;, </if6r, 111 7.)1. No socoiid Hoiist of SeUvOfii occurs. 
 Ki-ad and note the fclIowinL' in oxvAurifu.,. r.f fi 
 
 ^...ea :;;,:;, 'wr:::ir:;:;rn;:;.t 7-"i - - - - 
 
 by vv. '^ ^' "^ ^" ^'"^ verb skMri increjiscd 
 
 .t, . to SccKvv, .u,<l the tlurd person plural of the present erwls in B,rt. 
 
 • • I '•« Hnbjnnctive and optative are forn.ed as in verbs in ca 
 
 -:ibi;:st c::rt s:r^'' "^^^ ^"- ^--^^> ••"-- ^^ -^^ 
 
 6 The active participles 8«kv^s and 8t5s are declined 8aK..\ 8e...C.„ 
 5«K.w, genitive 8«..vVro., S«K.1cr,., 8...,,Wo., efc 
 7. The second aorist middle does not occur. 
 
 713. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 appoint; mid., «e«/yr</i one's views, 
 declare. 
 Air-6X\v^i, ries^roy wWer/y, kill; mid., 
 witli second perf. act., pemA, die, 
 be lost. 
 
 'Air«J\X«v, uvos, 6, Apollo. No. 53. 
 
 ficfKvvK.!, (5«,c), 8€£|«, 28€i5a, 8«.ixo, 
 
 8«€iY|iai, ^8€(xeT|v, show. 
 8^p«, 8€pa), i'8«ipa, 8^8ap^ai, I8dp7jv (cf. 
 
 8^8v^ai,«iJeT]v, make enter; intrans., 
 en^er. 
 
204 
 
 UKGVLAli VERBS IN MI, heUvvfit. 
 
 4k-8<p«, Htri]) off the akin, flay. 
 iv-Uia, put on, clothe oncseifin. 
 4iri-8«(Kvv|Ai, show to, exhibit, disdonc. 
 
 «Op(o-K« (f,V), €Vp^O-«, TjJpOV, TliipHKa, 
 
 TjUpti^oi, T,ip<0t,v, flnd, discover; 
 mid., flnd for oneself, procure. 
 
 KpC^dwC^l {Kpf^la), Kp€|Jl«, ^Kp^^oO-O, 
 
 Upni.6.(r9r\v, hang up. 
 
 Mopo-vSs, 01/, 6, Marsyas, a satyr. 
 No. G.*J. 
 
 «\Xvm (6\), 6\ii, jiXio-o and ciXd^Tjv, 
 o\«\€Ka and «\«\o, (ics^roy, /ose,- 
 mid., Willi .swoiid pcrf. act., /jcnsA. 
 
 6'nvU(ii {dfx, 6^lo), onoO^oi, <2fio<ro, Ofi«&^o. 
 Ktt, ofKinofioi and 6fi<6jAo<rfioi, w(i<seT)v 
 and wndo-etjv, sjoear, <aA.e a^i oath. 
 
 
 ^iiiSfe£i^K:^£« 
 
 No. 53. Apollo flays Marsyas. 
 
 714. ^ 1.^ <{,roS.«^;,^rai oj ^aWas ndvre, y„,iar,P Sn 
 Mxv o.« ecrrac. 2. rov. duSpa, airoi,, oh i^wr. dno\„. 
 K^Kare.^ o. oi 8^ i^Xlrai roi MeW.-09 i7roXu<f>0evTe', Kal 
 ov bvuap.evo, ^ipdv to akXo crrpdr^vij^a dn^kovro. 4 Kal 
 o.7roT,j,6vT., Tk, K,4,akk, rS,„ v,KpS,„, ineSecK^vaau rols 
 .avro>^ TToXe^coi^. 5. rol, ^acrl^- iZ^Uvv^au o n S.o. 
 
 "T": J",- ''''^""^" '^'V^^"' 'AtoWo,.. .VSer,,ac Map<7vaV 
 Kac ro h,pp.a Kpip.daau 7. K<i^r,u Se S^i^d, a.Voro .V.„ 
 <rK,,^,,Touai dTTfTTopcv^,,. 8. Kvpos rbu B^pi^a eVeSO 
 
, a satyr. 
 
 roijy lose; 
 't., perish. 
 ra, o(i(tf)io- 
 
 an oath. 
 
 JP OTL 
 ITToXoJ- 
 
 L 
 
 /cat 
 
 ^ T0t9 
 
 t Scot 
 ocrvdu 
 
 CiTTOV 
 
 nEGULAIt VJ^Jlins IN MI. Sec'KvdfiL. 
 
 205 
 
 racr.. .o.e.ra. c. roi .eS^V rcS. 'EXX.Vo.. .al rL /3ap^dpL 
 
 715. 1. ircreupon he expresses his opinion. 2. After hin. 
 -otW rose np, pointin. <,ut what nH.st\,e d<,ne. ^ 
 
 ::; la ' rv'^ ^^"^^■^'- ^- '^^^-^^^ i-^ - their ii 
 
 plates and ordered arms. 5. Many (,f the heasts r.f ].,.. i 
 perished. "^ ^^ nl I,urden 
 
 710. The Greeks charge on the Run, and the Enemy take to Flight 
 EXX,...^ef...^a, , ^e>o. n r,^ <^a'Xayyo,, .6 ^.oXc. 
 
 10 EXX^.c., c^oc. S^ aXX.'Xot, ^^ Bel. Sp6^., aXxCv ra'fa 
 
 - r • ;jr:r:.™:^- ^ .t ;vr ".?;™'> -" 
 
 following dative, ,,ee 8o7^t« L """' "', "" "■""'""■ l''"'' '>>» 
 
 ™-/.-/ (genitive '.b.o,„,t 5. «T,f;;;;r,r:;v' "■' "'^ ''■'•"■''"■"■ 
 
 ^««.>.V.), literally /,,//„„. ,,„„; / ^^ M ' T """ •""■'"■" ■^"'''""-" <™« 
 See .87. 3 and 4. - n, KafX-Ts /^l^T'^T l'''™f ''' '" °' '^'"'■ 
 
 ;«-(«««).--7.wo..dativeof.,,„i„4:„,;,^r':p;^''-;;;^? 
 
 at 
 
 ill 
 
206 SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM WITHOUT TENSE SUFFIX. 
 
 LESSON LXXVIII. 
 
 Second Perfect System without Tense Suffiz. 
 
 717. A few verbs have second perfects and pluperfecte 
 formed without tense suffix, after the analogy of verbs in ;.., 
 the personal endings being added directly to the verb stem. 
 
 718. Learn the conjugation of the second perfect system 
 witliout tense suffix of iVtihii in 792. 
 
 710. 1 The indicative singular does not occur. lo-rcSs (for k^ara-^.^ 
 
 BaL ?R^T ^^^I;^ jr« f^'-"'^ i" the second perfect without suffix. Thus, 
 Pa^vo, (^a) r;o, fieftaac, the, have gone, participle /?e/?oi. ; Ov^Vku. ^Bav), di 
 reevaa. ke,are dead, participle re^.eci. ; 8^8.a (8e),fZ (c/. 8c8 J) 
 8cSia(7i, //i^y /ear, participle ScStoij. ^-^ oeooi^a;, 
 
 720. Here belongs also the irregular verb in /.., otSa (IS, 
 e^S) know, a second perfect with present force, formed without 
 reduplication, the pluperfect (as imperfect) being rjSrj or jjSeLu. 
 
 721. I^earn the conjugation of otSa in 793. 
 
 722. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ApKds, dSoi, 6, an Arcadian. 
 KoCirip, conj., although, used with the 
 
 concessive participle. 
 fii«reo.<()opi, ay, i, {cf. ^Liaeo-<p6pos), pay. 
 olSa, cto-ojAai, know, know of. 
 oCxonai, olx^o-ofAai, pres. with perf. 
 force, have gone, be gone. 
 
 irpO'BiaPaiva, cross first. 
 wpo-cXovvft), ride fonoard, push on. 
 ir<i, adv., yet, up to this time (enclitic). 
 <rv^|iaxfo, as, i, {cf. aifi-fxaxos), al- 
 liance. 
 
 o-iv-oiSa, share in knowledge, be con- 
 scious. 
 
UFFIX. 
 
 iperfects 
 )s in /At, 
 tem. 
 
 system 
 
 e-OTTa-o)?) 
 wTos, etc. 
 
 - Thus, 
 Oav), die, 
 Bf8oiKa), 
 
 Ua (IS, 
 vithout 
 
 h on. 
 mclitic). 
 cos), al- 
 
 be con- 
 
 SSCOND PERFECT SYSTEM WITHOUT TENSE SUFFIX. 207 
 
 _ 723. 1. oiK cV« 5 „ ,roc«re. 2. o£ U a'XXo. i,rraaav, 
 anopovvr., ro. npay^arc} 3. ol .o\c>.ot ov« .V„V,' J 
 
 xa.nep «8or„ 5„ .VI ^aWro. aVo.ro. 11. oj a^ IxXo 
 8e.8^o., e<.r„.a.. 12. <.^.o.8a ydp ^^av.^ ;.aWa' #J 
 
 ^^A i '^'"^^ '"''^ *"* *^ S™«™ls kne,v this. 2 Be 
 assured that they will follow you. 3. They were standi! 
 among the trees. 4. Whether, then, I shall do wh t tfust^ 
 
 taS r* TA ' ^"^ ""' """"^ '« s«' ^-"'g ti"'^' - ™^;^ 
 
 take me and inflict punishment on (me). "^ 
 
 JrX2tl\^' T' ^.''?-^ ^'-- -^^ ^«- Promsea (487, 3 
 a ^;. some (815). Here m the second member we have a fnlL 
 expression ot' AotTrot', the rest, for oi' Se' other. 4 v-.ri-.oJ - I 
 course <^fios\ Tk • • , x, ~ i'articiple in indirect dis- 
 
 course (6.8) The original thought was Kvpo, r^OurjK. (;?r.sv perfects 
 « Infinitive in indirect discourse MGO^ Thpir th il .T}'~ 
 
 o;X- ^ .„.a#.,.„-, „ .,42. J^ D tive t' owZ ' '''"""' 
 
 r ,,.:n _/,.,, /o/.n\ - . ' i-'ativt. lOliOWlIlir Trein-nnni 
 
 ^ itnc Obey ^oQOy—- Accusative oi specification r834^ 8 m^, r ." —--/-«*, 
 The participle i. in i„aireot di^eouL («.'8). i'o ^^.T^^;;' ^VsoT''' 
 
 
208 
 
 HKA 1)1 Nd LKSSON. 
 
 No 54. Persian Charioteer. 
 
 726. The King's Chariots are useless. Cyrus on the Alert. 
 
 povro, rd 8^ Kal 8ta r^v 'FAX>;Va>., Kei^d y^v,6xc.v. ol 8' 
 
 ene^ npotSoceu, hdcrravro- Kal KareXrj ; Orj re, a^anep iv 
 
 Lmrobpo/JLO) e/cTrXayet? • ^at 
 
 5 ovSeu fiepTOL ovSe tovtov 
 
 iraOelv i(f)aa-av, ovS' aXXo? 
 
 TU)v 'EWrjvcov dp ravrr) rrj 
 
 ixaxx) enadev ovheU ovSei, 
 
 nk-qv inl TO) evcovvfio) ro^ev- 
 10 Orjpai TL<s i\4yeTo. Kvpo<; S* 
 
 6pa)v Tov^ "^XXiqva^s vlKa)PTa<; 
 
 TO Kad'avToi^, Kal StcJ/co.ra9, ^So>6^o9 Kal TrpocTKvvo^ 
 
 e^VX^V ^^coKeLp, dkXd iTrefj^eXelro S tl nocyjcrec fiaac- 
 15 Xcv9. Kal ydp iJSa alrhv 6tl /xeVo^ ixo^ rov Uepcr.Kov 
 o-rpaTevfjLaTo^. 
 
 ""oZl^m ^; '"'.^r*™' ■■ '■'■ "' ^e enemy. - rd ,iv . . . rA « : some 
 uianusl? -Vr' Zr- «•""*"" f°"»«ng the adjective signifying 
 want (850), _ o. 8< : „„,; rt.y, ;.,. the Greeks. - 3. «w.l wpot6o..v, iXrra.ro 
 
 ZZ1,T-: "'"'"•': fj ■'""' '"""' "»"■".'/ o>,, optative in general supposii 
 on(5a8,o>_Kar.X^+e,.«<KwXn.(,: o.e Greek ,eas cat,;,, ,„ k.Zon- 
 ,,eruaUon. He was " rattled " and failed to get out of the way I _ 4. ,al 
 . . . .+»,„ : „„,; J,,,, ,■„/„,, (,„; ^,-^„^^_ ,j^^ ^^.^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 a»i, harm. For the emphatic negative expressed by the accumulation of 
 
 negatives, see the note on 016, 10. Cf. the next line in ,i. • , 
 
 ,, , . , , ' I./, iiie next line U). tIs : a smr/le 
 
 il.:."; ■ °'^' ' T " ■"'"'(■'•''•'■'• ^^- """-™'' *"''«'"« ■■ participles' „ 
 idnect discourse (Oos)._i.,. .j.^^^, ,p.,«„„o«,„„ ^ ™„L;,. parti- 
 
 ' , " vf ' V'r '•': °''' * • "•" "■<^" "'<■" ("'"». ""'/«■ "'«« c7Vou».,to«c«). 
 
 - 10. b6« ..rov irv .xot : Inew him that he had, i.e. knew that he had. 
 
UUiEUULAH VElilis IN MI, <j>,^^,i, dfxi, 
 
 el/jLi. 
 
 201) 
 
 a>9 
 
 some 
 
 LESSON LXXIX. 
 Irregular Verbs in MI, <|>ti^i', dj^f, cThli. 
 
 72<J. Certain iini)ortant verbs follow the analogy of reirular 
 verbs in ^t in the present and second aorist systenis, bnt are 
 more or less irregular in formation. Some of them lack the 
 seeond aonst system entirely. In their other systems, so far as 
 these -ccur, they follow verbs in «. 
 
 rJilr ^^T' *.^'' ^'«"i"ff'^tion of ct,iiHLi. €l,i(, and cTjii in 794, 
 71)0, 700, and review IGO, 108, loo, 407. 
 
 728. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 oir-€i}Ai (tTfxi), go off or aioay, depart. 
 
 ttfii (ia), 2<ro(iai, be. 
 
 ctjii (0, go, proceed, march ; pres. indie. 
 
 with fut. force, s/tall go. 
 2ir.€i|Ai (elfii), go or come on, advance, 
 
 make an attack. 
 KOTa-Kjio), burn down, burn up. 
 Kp£o-is, ewy, i, (cf. Kptvw), decision, trial 
 irpd-«ini (dfii), go forward, advance. 
 p4w (pi/), ^€tio-0|jioi, ^ppv^Ka, 4ppv7]v, 
 
 Jiow. 
 oraXirttft) {(Ta\iriyy), i<r6\tnyia, blow 
 the trumpet. No. 55. 
 
 vir-OTrT€vw, iir-oirrcvo-w, iir-(iTrT€v<ra, 
 
 {.TT-WITTCVeTlV ((/. fi^o/xat), SUSiiecIt, 
 
 apprehend. 
 
 ¥p<^ (0ep, o/, ^»/e,c, ivejK), ol'<r«, ^Jve-yKO 
 and Tiv«7»<ov, 4v^voxo, 4v^v«Y^ai, 
 TJv^xOilv, dear, ftringr, carri/, produce, 
 endure; xaXerrws 0^pw, be troubled. 
 
 <|>Ti|iC (0o), <j)Vi<r«, k'4>Ti<ra, say, dec/are, 
 
 4>Xvap£a, ds, 7^ (c/. <f>\vap4w), nonsense; 
 plur., 6osA. 
 
 XaX€ir»s ((/. xa^c7^6J), painfully, with 
 difficulty. 
 
 720, 1. dXy iyc;, (^^^t raOra <t>Xvdp[d<; elmt-^ 2. Trapi 
 Kv/,ou o^8el9 aTrry'a 7r/>^5 ySao-tXea. 3. /caUVeU'o-aXmyfe^,^ 
 
 li 
 
210 IIUiKai/LAIi VKHns in mi, (l)y^t\ elfJLt, elfii. 
 
 injjea-ap. 4. ovto) yap dmovTes da-cfiaXw^ dp dnCoLfiev. 
 5. c>ot, c3 dpSpe^s, Odofievo) Uuai ^ inl /3a(nXea ovk iyiyveTO 
 Ttt Upd. ^ 6. dvhpe^ o-TpaTLwrat, firj ^au/>tafere on xctXcTTw? 
 (t>€poj Tols wapovo-L irpdyixaaiv} 7. Sta /licVou Sc tov 
 napaSeto-ov ^el 6 MatapSpo^ Trora/xo?- at 8^ 7rr;yat aurov 
 datp cV r^i; ^acTiXeCcou/' 8. t^ 8,^ TrXoIa oi^ro? Trpotoii/ Kar^- 
 K^vorep, Lpa fiT) KOpo? SLaftaCr] top worafiop. 9. i/Ci^ fiep 
 oZp dmre:' KaTokiiroPTe^ roVSe top dpSpa - varcpop Se 
 irdpeo-Te npos ttjp Kpicrip. 10. /cat ov (jida-tp leWt,' eaj; 
 /^^^ rt9 ^ai^ot? XPW^ra StSoJ. 11. oi 8^ i^TraJTrrcuoi. /cal 
 Toi?rr J 5/6/ca auToi/ Xeyeti/, o>9 fi^ ne^jj idvres t^v tS^v jSap- 
 fidp<t}v Tt X'^P^^^ KaKov ipyd^oLVTo.^ 
 
 730. 1. Let us go to the men. 2. They made the attack 
 with a great shout. 3. / say, therefore, that you ouglif to 
 cross the Euphrates. 4. But (while) saying this, he heard a 
 noise 9 going through the ranks. 5. They went frequently to 
 his headquarters and demanded their pay. 
 
 Notes. _i <^?;/xt takes the infinitive in indirect discourse (4G9). — 2 /.g. 
 the trumpeter. — ^^for going. Construe with oIk iyiyvcro, tvere not favor- 
 able. The infinitive expresses purpose (401, 7). — ■» Dative of cause (806). 
 — 6 It would be more natural to say cV roi'i y8acriA«oi9, but the speaker 
 
 has in mind the flow of the living water /rom the palace. — « Imperative 
 
 •'say they loill not go. They said, oIk i>v. — s For two accusatives after 
 verbs of doing, see 839. — » Use the genitive (846). 
 
 731. The King begins to move, and Cyrus charges. 
 
 #cat TTdpT€<; 8* ot T(op fiapfidpcjp dp^oPTe^ fxeo-op exoPTe's 
 TO avTo^p rjyovPTat,, vop.il^opTe<; ovTm ip da-(t>aX€(rTdTa) 
 elvai. /cat ^ao-tXcvs 8t) t6t€ fiicrov €x<^v Trj^ avrov arpa- 
 
lTLOl,fl€P. 
 
 yiyveTO 
 
 e Tov 
 I avTov 
 
 >P KaT€- 
 'VV fJL€V 
 
 pop Se 
 
 7 '^ 
 
 tt, €.av 
 fou /cat 
 •1/ fiap- 
 
 attack 
 ghf to 
 leard a 
 ntly to 
 
 — 2 I.e. 
 )t favor- 
 e (8G6). 
 speaker 
 itive. — 
 38 after 
 
 liEA DIN a LESSON. 
 
 211 
 
 (OVT€<S 
 
 TTarct) 
 arpa- 
 
 na9 6>ai9 efw eycWo toG Kupou €va)uvfiov K€paTo<;. incl 
 
 6 8' OuScU aUTW €>aX€TO cV ToC duTLOV ovS^ ToU aVTOV 
 
 T€Tayfi€POL^ ifXTrpoa-Oep, incKafiiTTev m ct? KVKXaicnv. 
 ivSa S17 KGpo?, Scto-d? /iT7 omcrdev yev6^€vo^ /caraKoi/zctc 
 TO 'EXX>^i/tKoV, cXauVet ai/rto? • /cat ifi/3aX(hp aw toU 
 efa/coo-iot? ^t/ca tou? tt/oo /BacnXecoq Terayixcpovs Kal ct? 
 10 (l>vyrfu iTpexjte tov^ cfa/cto-;^tXtou9, ,cal diroKTelvaL Xeyerat 
 auT05 T]7 eavroO xet/Jt ' Xpraydpa-qv tov dpxovTa avTS>v. 
 
 NoTKS. — 1 . ,i<o-ov . . . ^lYoOvrai : i.e. they always coiniiiaiid th(Mr own cen- 
 tres.— 2. oCt«s : thm, repeats the thought of /LteVov £>vt« t^ airoi,/.— 4v 
 d«r<|>oX.«rTdT4,: m the safest ( posit ion). ~ '.]. Kal Pao-i\«is . . . Ji^«s ; /Ae king 
 acamlinrj/i/ (Srj) on this occasion held (concessive partieij.le, 495, 0) the centre, 
 but stilt, etc. — 5. aiToO : with tfnrpoaOtv, in front of him (80G). — 6. M- 
 Ka^irriv . . . KiiKXcoo-iv : he wheeled ro«m/- (literally aryam.sO, as if to encircle 
 {the enemy). See No. 50. — 8. iXavvii dvrtos : charyed to meet (him).— 
 11. oiris Tfi JavTO« x«ipt : himself with his own hand (806). 
 
 No. 55. The Trumpeter, 
 
212 IRREaULAB VERBS IN MI, f,^., «e?^a,, ,>.. 
 
 LESSON IXXX. 
 
 Irregular Verbs in MI (continued), l,^^,, K.t^ai, ?i^ai. 
 
 732. Learn tl,e conjugation of ^^,, send, Kri^ai, lie, and 
 Kaeniiai, sei, in 797, 798, and 799. 
 
 **• VOCABULARY. 
 
 *"•*'' <^^ ^*^»> 1»«tt, «lKa, €lftai, €Vetjv, send, 
 
 onapTovw (a>a/)T), d|iapTV]<rofiai, ^ap 
 
 TOV, fludpTTlKa, ^fldpTTIIiOl, T.|iapT^. 
 
 throw, hurl at; mid., rush, charge. 
 Kde-n^ai (^(t), sit down, be seated, sit. 
 
 a . ,, ' — '^r^' yi" 1 1 ^'■1' ^own, oe seated, sit. 
 
 e,v, ,„„ tne .nar,, ,niss, err, Oo «=,», k....,., lie, U im. He Oeaa, 
 
 wrong 
 
 d<f>-ftjni, send aioay, let go or depart 
 8i-«\avvw, drive or ride through. 
 ^■irC-K€i|ioi, He upon, attack. 
 
 be situated. 
 
 XWos, ov, 6, stone. 
 
 irpo-ttj^i, send forth; mid., give one- 
 self up, entrust, surrender, abandon. 
 
 r 7°- t' TI S'"^--"'-"' ' eW«Vo.ra. oJ ^oX<..o. 
 om<T^e.._ 3. e.^a 8^ \oxdy6, n, 'A^^^aro^ auroi, L'- 
 Aeycrey a<^£e,.ac eavroV. 4. cfro. Sc, o"n oi« ,'^c\e K5po9 
 Tovs ^evy .vra^ npoeaffac, e^o^ov^-o airoV. 5. oi^ a'*toV 
 ccrn ^a<raer d^.r.a. ro^, e'^' eWi, <rrparc«a„/./.;„,. 
 
 6. «/>an<rro.< ,^r. jecr^a. cJ, rax^ara .VI ro d^po.. 
 
 7. €^ev0e^ e^ope^^^cra.. ^/>6s mp^o, ipr,^^ou p.4ya, nph 
 TV ^^o\a Ke.p.„ou. 8. r5. 8^ Me.a>.o. .rrparu^Zu ^^Ka 
 <rx^Co.p re,, 0.5 etSe KX/a/j^o,. 8«\awo^ra, f,,<r. r^ dHur,' 
 Kai ovTO's fiev avrov^ ■nuaortv nWr.. %i \:a..i „' > .> > 
 eiTa iroAAot, Kpavyri<s yevop,i}m. 
 
and 
 
 IRREGULAR VERBS IN MI, Irjfic, Ketfiai, '^fiat. 213 
 
 735. 1. Straightway they rushed into the boats. 2. He 
 says he will never abandon his friends. 3. But crying out,^ 
 " I see the man," he rushed upon him. 4. The enemy wei^ 
 encamped in the open road. 5. They surprised the guards 
 sitting round a fire. 
 
 Notes.— 1 The dative follows iirtKeiaovTac (865). — 2 Dative of instru- 
 ment (866). _ 8 The genitive follows verbs signifying to hit or miss (845). 
 
 * Sc. lri<TL 6 ClTTftJl/. 
 
 736. Cyrus attacks the King in Person, and is slain. 
 
 0)5^ 8* yj Tponr) iyevero, hiacnrdpovTaL /cat ol Kvpov 
 
 iiaKoo-LOL^ els to Sl(ok€lv opfiTjaavTes, TrXrjp trdvv oXCyoL 
 
 afx^^' avTov KareXeKJ^diqa-av. aw tovtols 8e (op Kadopa 
 
 fiaa-LXed /cat to dfiff)' eKeivov <TTl<fio%' koX elncov, ''Top 
 
 5 dvSpa 6p(^" Uto eV avTov /cat Tratet /cara to (TTipvov 
 
 /cat TLTp(0(TK€L Sid TOV OotpdKOS ' TTaiOVTa 8' aXTTOV dKOV- 
 
 Tt^ct Tt9 TraXraJ viro top 6<t>eaXfihp ygtatw?. /cat ipTavOa 
 ijidxopTo /cat fiacnXevs /cat Kdpos /cat ot a/i(^* a{n-ov<s 
 vnep iKaTepov /cat Ta>p fxkp dfifi fiacnXed dnSp-DcrKop 
 10 TToUot, Kvpos 8^ auT09 dnSape /cat 6/c7w ol dpiaToi tS>p 
 Trepl avTop €K€lpto in avTw, ovt(os ovp iTeXevTrjo-e 
 Kvpos, dpTfp (^p Uepa-wp twp {xeTd Kvpop top dpxalop 
 y€POfi€pa)P fiaaiXiKcoTaTos re /cat dpxeip dftw7aro9. 
 
 NoTL^. — 2. cts t6 8i(iK€iv : in pursuit. Cf. 674, 8. - -.rX^v : here a conjunc- 
 tion, except. — 4. o-t£<|.o8 : the king's immediate attendants, who now rallied 
 round him in a compact body (o-7i0ov) for his protection. — 6. airiSv : 
 i.e. Cyrus. — 12. Utpa-Qv . . . ycvoji^voiv : the Persians meant are those of 
 the royal line born (yivofievtav) after the time of Cyrus the Great. 
 
214 
 
 PLAN OF THE BATTLE. 
 
 1 --^ 3 
 
 III 
 
 IV 
 
 " nimiEEEiiiEHii] 
 
 n 
 
 11 
 
 -_18 
 
 ZD 
 
 10 
 
 I. -First position of Cyrus facing down stream. 
 II. -First position of King facing up stream. 
 III. -Second position of King facing down stream. 
 IV. -Second position of Greek Troops facing up stream 
 
 1. Paphlagnnian Cavalry. 
 
 2. Greek light-armed Troops. 
 
 3. Greek Phalanx. 
 
 4. Native Troops of Cyrus. 
 
 5. Position of Cyrus. 
 
 6. Cyreian Camp. 
 
 7. Position of King. 
 
 8. Troops of Tissaphernes. 
 
 9. Troops of Gobryas. 
 
 10. Troops of Arbaces. 
 
 11. Hill. 
 
 12. Cunaxa. 
 
 The dotted lines indicate the scythe-bearing chariots, posted in front of the Persian 
 
 forcas in both armies. 
 
 No. 56. Position of the Troops at Cunaxa. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Containing Materials for Use in the Preceding Lessons. 
 
 Contraction of Vowels. 
 
 737. 1. Two vowels which can form a diphthong simply 
 unite in one syllable. . ^ fj 
 
 Thus, cv^^eV, cVt (747-749); Kp4ai, Kpia. (747); d\r,e^i, dXriOct (752). 
 
 2. Two like vowels (i.e. two a sounds, two e sounds, or two 
 sounds, without regard to quantity) unite to form the common 
 long (a, T], or (o). 
 
 Thus, f^vdd ^va (742); ^oUr}re, uo.firc (782); 8^X6., 8,,X« (783). 
 Exception : Kpcaa, Kp^a (747). ^ ^ 
 
 a. But €-f-€ gives €t, and o + o gives ov. 
 
 Thus, -.^cre noulr. (782); .v>ce, ««p«, rpcrjpee,, rpt^p^.s (747-749); 
 aA,^ce, aX,0a, oA.^ec., dXr,eas (752); 8,A<Jo^c., 8,Xov^.v (783); .o'o., vo4 
 (/4J), a7rAoo9, d^Xovs (751). ^ /' > » 
 
 3. When an o sound precedes or follows an a or an e sound 
 the two become «. ' 
 
 (747); 8,X„^.,8,Xar.(783); W., ,..4 (782); rp.,^.W, Tp.,pa. (747); 
 cu\,i;f€a)i/, aXT|9ov (752). ^ 
 
216 
 
 CONTRACTION OF VOWELS, 
 
 a. But 0-f € and €-j-o give ov. 
 
 Thus, S);AocTc, 8tj\ovT€ (783): vo'e, vov r74o\. ^„, ' 
 
 4. When an a sound precedes or follows an e sound, th& 
 tot (m order) prevails, and we have o or i,. 
 
 Thus, Tlfiint, TvfAn, Tludrrre, TiiiaTi (781 V nn,n .«™ 
 aV„a, ^m (747, 748); a,oI, AX,e<, (J^. ' ' ' '^' ^'"W"' ^'"'i'^. 
 
 5. A vowel disappears by absorption before a diphthong 
 begmnrng w:th the same vowel, and c is always absorbel 
 
 «m (782), «„,„„, ..p,t,, ,p,,^.,,,^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^, dA,L., 4^^t; 
 
 6. In other cases a simple vowel followed by a diphthona !» 
 contracted with the first vowel of the diphthong, and a foUow! 
 ing I remains as iota subscript, but a following « disappears 
 
 .oJot? "'"^"' '"^' ''""""'"' ""*"• "'^»' «"«' "Z'-'. «^a (781V 
 JTOieovo-i, iroioiwi, iroiei;, iroifl (782). l«l'^lo^;, 
 
 «. But in verbs in oa, o + «i and o + t, give ot. 
 
 Thus, StjXott, S^Xot, Si;Ao9, SiiXot (783). 
 
 *. Infinitives in «tv and o«v contract into Sv and o«v. 
 
 Thus, Tr,xa«v, Ti^v (781); Sr,X6civ, i,,Ui, r783). 
 
 Vowel Declension, eveiy short vowel before a. or before a lon^ 
 vowel or a diphthong, is absorbed. See 742 ; 75° ^ 
 
 reaularlv to\ IV;' "' ", "'" "" "'"'^''"''<''' «S is contracted 
 regulaily to t) (after a vowel or p. to a). See 742 ; 751. 
 
CHANGES OF CONSONANTS. 
 
 Changes of Consonants. 
 
 217 
 
 738. 1. The only consonants which can end a Greek word 
 are v, p and s. If others are left at the end in forming 
 words, they are dropped. See 251; 253; 254. 
 
 2. Initial p is doubled when a vowel precedes it in forming 
 a compound word, and after the syllabic augment. 
 
 Thus, dvappWu, (d.d + f>tnr<.y, gppi^rov (imperfect of ^Ur<o). 
 
 Mutes before other Mutes. 
 
 3. Before a r-mute, a u-mute or a K-mute is made c^rdinate 
 (8); another T-mute becomes a. 
 
 altTrT. ^ ' ^' '^'^^ ^^^" ^'''' '^'^ ^«^-' -^— (220, 1). Se^ 
 
 4. Before k, a T-mute is dropped. 
 
 Thus, dOpoi(o), TJepoiKa, dpTrd^u), TjpiroKo (113). 
 
 Mutes before S. 
 
 5 A ir-mute with <t forms x|/ ; a K-mute forms | ; a r-mute 
 IS dropped. 
 
 " ^^""'^oI^T'- '^'*'''"' ^''*'**'*' ^^'^'^^' *^"^"' *^'"«'*' "P'^'i^-, -P-Acro,, 
 r:"^ ^' A"-, X^X«^a. (209, 1); a>, ^^a. (217, 1); W^., W.c..a 
 (220, 1). See also 243, 250. 
 
 Mutes before M. 
 
 6. Before p. a ir-mute becomes |i ; a K-mute becomes v • 
 a T-mute becomes cr. ' 
 
 (22M): ^""' ^''"''" ^''^^' ^^' "^"' ^''*" ^'^^' ^)' '^«'^'^' -^--»*- 
 
218 
 
 CHANGES OF CONSONANTS. 
 
 N BEFORE OTHER CONSONANTS. 
 
 7. Before a ir-mute v becomes ^ ; before a K-mute it becomes 
 Y-nasal (10); before a r-mute it is unchanged. 
 
 Thus,^^Mur« (eV + ^cVro>); <rv,iPovXc«« r^^iv + /8o.>.,-Ja,) ; <rvuA^p« 
 (crw4-0€/,(o); <f>aivi^, W<|>aYKo (625); «^aiva>, ^ < . .{59). 
 
 8. Before another liquid v is changed to that liquid. 
 
 Thus, o-vXX^Y« ((rvV + Acyo)); W^v« (eV + ^cVo.); <n,pp4« ((rw+^e'o,). 
 
 9. Before cr, v is generally dropped, and the preceding 
 vowel IS lengthened (a to a; € to ei; to od). But v is 
 dropped before <rt of the dative plural without lengthening 
 the vowel. * ^ 
 
 10. Before <r and a consonant, v in avv is dropped. 
 Thus, o-voPTpaT£vo^iai(o-vV+o-rpaTcuo/>i«0- 
 
 11. The combinations vr and vO are dropped before <r and 
 the preceding vowel is lengthened, as above (9). 
 
 Thus, y^po,., ,^pova-c (P51); xap«.s (for xaptevr-s), .as (for .avr-.); 
 irct<ronoi (for TTCv^-o-o/Aat). See 262. 
 
 Changes of 2. 
 
 12. Between two consonants or two vowels, <r is sometimes 
 dropped. 
 
 .oofo? ^'"''/^'♦•' (209, 2),; a'y^, ?xe. (217, 2); «»„, ,<,„rf. 
 See 395 • 428 ''^^^"■"^>'' •'P*"^ ^^^^ K^^aa-os), d\^0ovs (for ciA^^etr-os), 
 
and 
 
 CHANGES OF CONSONANTS. 219 
 
 13. At the beginning of a word, "an original cr sometimes 
 appears as the rough breathing. 
 
 Thus, I'o-Tij^i (for (TL<TTr)iMi); 2,ro,iai (for (rcirofiai). 
 
 Changes in Aspirates, 
 
 14 When a smooth mute (ir k t) is brought before a rough 
 vowel, It is itself made rough. 
 
 Thus, d<J)tT„ii (for dTT-iVO; A+' «Sv (for dTr^ (5v). 
 
 15. In reduplications, an initial rough mute is always made 
 smooth. "^ 
 
 Thus, Ov(t), riQvKo. (106). 
 
 16. '^he ending Oi of the first aorist imperative passive 
 becomes ti after Gti of the tense stem. 
 
 Thus, XverjTi (for XvOrj-Ot). 
 
 17. There is a transfer of the aspirate in a few verbs which 
 are supposed to have had originally two rough consonants in 
 the stem. 
 
 Thus, Tp^4>« (rpei> for Ope<f>), Bpi^o., e/c.;-0d,rT« (ra<f> for ^a</>), Ir&^y. 
 
 No. 57. fidppapou 
 
220 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 [780 
 
 51 
 
 739. 
 
 PARADIGMS. 
 
 NOUNS. 
 A Declension, Feminines. 
 
 8. N. V. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 COINTUV. 
 
 X<Sp« 
 
 X"pSs 
 
 X"P«f 
 X<*>pSv 
 
 crrpoTiji, ij, KwnT], ij, 
 
 AKMY. VII,LAUK. 
 
 I>. N. A. V. \&pR 
 
 p. N. V. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 X««poi 
 Xwpwv 
 X<4pais 
 X«pSs 
 
 740. 
 
 S. N. 
 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 
 O. D. 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 O. 
 T>- 
 
 A. 
 
 vcSvlSs, d, 
 
 YOUNG MAN. 
 
 vcfivCSs 
 vcSvCov 
 vcSvCqi 
 
 vfSvCav 
 
 vc5v(a 
 
 v<Bv(5 
 vcSvCaiv 
 
 vcav^ai 
 vcSviwv 
 
 VcSViCiiS 
 
 v<Sv(Bs 
 
 o"TpaTiii 
 o-rparias 
 
 CTpOTiql 
 
 (TTpariiiv 
 
 o-rpariii 
 (rrparialv 
 
 (rrpariat 
 tTTpariuv 
 crpariais 
 o-rpaTids 
 
 K(tff«,T]S 
 KWfiS 
 
 Kwfiaiv 
 Kciap,ai 
 
 K(i)p,(tfV 
 
 KUfiais 
 KcofjiSs 
 
 TENT. 
 o-KTivfi 
 
 O-KTJV^V 
 
 o-KT|vaiv 
 
 •y<<j)Cpa, t;, 
 
 MKinUE. 
 
 'y^<t>vpa 
 
 'yc4>vpS$ 
 
 yt^vptf. 
 
 yt^^paiv 
 
 OAXaTTo, 1/, 
 
 SKA. 
 
 OdXarra 
 
 SoXdTTTJS 
 
 6oXdTT|| 
 OdXarrav 
 
 ©oXdrrtt 
 OoXdrraiv 
 
 A Declension, 
 
 irrpaTi(6TT)s, d, 
 
 SOLDIKR. 
 
 orTpaTK&rtjs 
 O'rpaTit&Tov 
 (rTpaTiwrg 
 
 (rTpaTl(OYT)V 
 
 <rTpaTi<5Ta 
 
 OTpaTlWTB 
 
 OTpaTK&raiv 
 
 (rrpariwrai 
 o'TpariwTuv 
 o-TpaTti<^Tais 
 
 O'TpaTlt&TfiS 
 
 arKT|va( Y^<)>vpat 
 
 OdXarrai 
 
 o-Ktjvwv Y«i>vp(av 
 
 doXarruv 
 
 o-Ktivois Yc4>vpais 
 
 0aXdrTais 
 
 <rKi)vi£s ■y€«j>?5pas 
 
 6aXdrr5s 
 
 3CULINES. 
 itcXtoo-t^S, d, 
 
 n<p<rTi$, d, 
 
 TAHGETEER. 
 
 PERSIAN. 
 
 ircXToa-T^s 
 
 Ilipirr\i 
 
 ircXTOo-Tov 
 
 Uipa-ov 
 
 iriXTewrT^ 
 
 n^poT, 
 
 irjXTao-TVjv 
 
 Tlip<ni\v 
 
 ireXTo<rTd 
 
 Tlipa-a 
 
 irtKroka-rA 
 ircXTairTaiv 
 
 ir€XTa<rTa( 
 ircXracTcov 
 ircXTacTois 
 ircXraiTTiis 
 
 n^po-5 
 n^pcraiv 
 
 n^po-at 
 Hcpcruv 
 n^pcais 
 IKptrtts 
 
 P. N. V 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 
[789 
 
 742] 
 
 IfOUNS. 
 
 221 
 
 741. 
 
 Declension. 
 
 iXaTTo, ?;, 
 
 SUA. 
 
 iXarra 
 aXdTTTjs 
 
 Dl\dTT|| 
 
 liXarrav 
 
 iXdrrB 
 iXdrraiv 
 
 IXarrai 
 
 iXaTTWV 
 
 iXdrrais 
 iXdrrBs 
 
 <p<rTi$, 0, 
 
 ER8IAN. 
 
 liptrov 
 I^poTi 
 Iip<rt\v 
 liptra 
 
 Upva 
 Upo-aiv 
 
 I^po-ai 
 Icporwv 
 r^po-ais 
 Uptrtts 
 
 3. N. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 D, N. A. V. 
 Q.D. 
 
 P. N. V. 
 O. 
 O. 
 A. 
 
 X6yo8, 6, 
 
 WOKI>. 
 
 \6yo% 
 
 \6yov 
 
 X6y<p 
 
 X^YOv 
 
 X«$Y« 
 
 XdYM 
 XdYoiv 
 
 X<Syoi 
 
 Xd^MV 
 
 Xdyois 
 X6yovs 
 
 olvos, 6, 
 
 WINE. 
 
 otvos 
 
 oi^vou 
 
 otv<p 
 
 olvov 
 
 otv< 
 
 Otvb) 
 
 oKvoiv 
 otvoi 
 
 OtvMV 
 
 oCvois 
 o)!vovs 
 
 dv0pwTros, 6, 17, 
 
 MAN. 
 
 avOpwiros 
 
 dvOpi&TTOV 
 
 dvOpwirip 
 
 AvOpUTTOV 
 
 £v6pci)n-« 
 
 &v0pwirci> 
 dv8p(6iroiv 
 
 avOpuTTOi 
 dv0p(uir(i>v 
 dv9p(6irois 
 dv0p(iiirovs 
 
 i8ds, 17, 
 
 K()AI>. 
 
 ^868 
 
 dSoO 
 
 68^ 
 
 6B6v 
 
 6U 
 
 68<& 
 68otv 
 
 6So( 
 oouv 
 6801s 
 680V9 
 
 8wpov, t6, 
 
 8ti)pov 
 8wpou 
 8<op(p 
 
 8(i>p0V 
 
 8wpov 
 
 Scapu 
 8wpoiv 
 
 8iopa 
 
 Supuv 
 
 Supois 
 8(opa 
 
 742. Contract Nouns 
 
 OF THE O AND A DecLENSI 
 
 
 vovs, 6, 
 
 
 MIND. 
 
 8. N. 
 
 (pSoi) voOs 
 
 0. 
 
 {v6ov) vov 
 
 D. 
 
 {p6(f) v$ 
 
 A. 
 
 (pdov) vofiv 
 
 V. 
 
 (y^c) voO 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 
 (v^w) V(& 
 
 0. D. 
 
 (»'6oii/) voCv 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 (viSot) vot 
 
 0. 
 
 {v6uv) vwv 
 
 D. 
 
 (v^oty) vols 
 
 A. 
 
 (i/ious) vovs 
 
 MINA. 
 
 (Mi'cto) |iva 
 (fivdas) fivds 
 (MJ'£i«t) )iv$ 
 {/Avdav) (tvdv 
 (lUJ'tio) |iva 
 
 (M^fio) (iva 
 (MJ'dot;') lAvaiv 
 
 (M^ffot) nvot 
 (fipaup) fivwv 
 (M^tiatj) (tvais 
 
 ONS. 
 
 EARTH. 
 
 (7^5) Yn 
 (7(?os) vfjs 
 
 (7^?) Yfi 
 
 (y^ap) Yfjv 
 (7«?a) Yf} 
 
2r:2 
 
 NOUNS, 
 
 [748 
 
 Consonant Declension. 
 
 743. 
 
 Labial and Palatal Mute Stems. 
 
 THIEF. 
 
 8. N. V. 
 
 K\(&«|f 
 
 O. 
 
 K\(i>ir-45t 
 
 D. 
 
 KX(i)ir-( 
 
 A. 
 
 KXwir-a 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 
 kXww-c 
 
 O. D. 
 
 kXmit-oiv 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 KXonr-cs 
 
 O. 
 
 kXwit-uv 
 
 D. 
 
 KX(i>t|/{ 
 
 A. 
 
 KXwfT-as 
 
 4»«Xa|, o', 
 
 GUARD. 
 
 <)>«Xa| 
 <)>vXaK-o$ 
 <|>t(iXaK-i 
 <^i)XaK-a 
 
 4>vXaK-c 
 (^vXdK-oiv 
 
 <^vXaK-(s 
 (t>vXdK-(i>v 
 <t>vXa|i 
 <t>vXaK-a$ 
 
 4»dXoYt, 77*, 
 
 PHALANX. 
 
 <{>dXa-yg 
 
 4>dXaYY'0S 
 
 <{>dXa'YY-i 
 
 (^dXttYY-ci 
 
 <)>dXaYY-c 
 <|>aXdYY-oiv 
 
 4>dXaYY-cs 
 ({xiXdYY-tov 
 <|>dXaY|i 
 <{>dXaYY-as 
 
 8i«pvf, t;, 
 CANAL. 
 
 8l(«ipv)(-0S 
 8l(i)pvx-l 
 
 8i(&pvx^>a 
 8iwpv\-c 
 
 8»(a)pv\.0lV 
 
 8i<&pvx-cs 
 Siwpvx-cav 
 8i(0pv(i 
 8i(&pux-as 
 
 744. 
 
 Lingual Mute Stems. 
 
 S. N. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 G. D. 
 
 P. N. V. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 NIGHT. 
 
 WKT-6S 
 WKT-t 
 
 viiKT-a 
 
 viKT't 
 VWKT-Otv 
 
 Vl»KT-€S 
 VVKT-COV 
 
 V^KT-OS 
 
 a<rirCs, ?;, 
 
 SHIELD. 
 
 dcirCs 
 
 do-TrtS-os 
 
 d(rir(8-i 
 
 d<rir(8-a 
 
 d<nr( 
 
 d(rir(8-c 
 dirirtS-oiv 
 
 do"ir(8-<s 
 
 dcrirCS-uv 
 z / _, 
 
 d<rir(8-as 
 
 fipvis, 0, TJ, 
 
 BIRD. 
 £pVlS 
 
 £pvi9-os 
 £pviO-i 
 £pviv 
 fipvis 
 
 6pvl9-t 
 opvi9-3w 
 
 opvtO-oiv 
 
 OpVliTl 
 
 SpviO-as 
 
 Y^pwv, d, 
 
 OLD MAN. 
 
 yipoiv 
 
 yipovr-09 
 
 yipovr-i 
 
 Y^povT-a 
 
 Y^pov 
 
 Y^povT-c 
 Y<p<ivT-oiv 
 
 Y^pOVT-€S 
 
 Y(p6vT-a>v 
 
 Y«pov<r 
 
 Y^povT-as 
 
 dpjio, t6, 
 
 CHARIOT. 
 
 &p)ia 
 
 &P|Aar-os 
 
 &p|iiar-i 
 
 &p|iia 
 
 &P)ia 
 
 &p|jiar-c 
 dpiidr-oiv 
 
 &p\i.ar-a 
 dpiidr-wv 
 &p|icuri 
 lar-a 
 
 P. N. V 
 
 o. 
 A. 
 
[743 
 
 5i£pv|, 7;, 
 
 CANAL. 
 
 iiwpvx-i 
 ii«pvx-a 
 
 iwpv\-c 
 kwpvx-oiv 
 
 i<&pvx-<s 
 
 l<DpVX-WV 
 l(0pv(i 
 
 k(&pux-as 
 
 746J 
 746. 
 
 8, y. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 6. D. 
 
 P. N. V. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 dYwv, d, 
 
 CONTEST. 
 
 dycov 
 
 dY'*»'-os 
 dycSv-i 
 
 dyMV 
 
 dYwv-« 
 dYwv-oiv 
 
 dytSv-cc 
 dYwv-Mv 
 dYt5(ri 
 dYwv-as 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 Liquid Stems. 
 TJY«H«v, d, 
 
 GUIDE. 
 
 iJYCHwv 
 
 iiY<|i6v-a 
 iJYCfJiwv 
 
 TJY(fJidv-< 
 ■i\y(\k6v-ow 
 
 r\yt\iAv-t% 
 iJY(H<iv-<i>v 
 
 TJY(|i<i<''t 
 
 iJYi|i<Sv-as 
 
 228 
 
 MONTH. 
 
 HTjv-C 
 tii]v-oCv 
 
 ^^T«p, 0', 
 OHATOR. 
 
 ^'^Tcap 
 
 ^^TOp-0« 
 ^'^TOp-l 
 
 ^^Top-a 
 
 l^f^TOp 
 (W)T6p-0lV 
 
 ^T)r6p-ttv 
 
 ^^TOp-O-l 
 ^VJTOp-OS 
 
 746. 
 
 pjio, t6, 
 
 HARIOT. 
 
 P)ia 
 
 P|Aar-os 
 
 P|jiar-i 
 
 i|Aar-c 
 
 >|JldT-OlV 
 
 >(iaT-a 
 •(idr-uv 
 •|ia<ri 
 jiar-a 
 
 iroTi()p, d, 
 
 FATHER. 
 
 8. K. 
 
 irarAp 
 
 G. (iraT4p-os) irarp-ds 
 
 i>. (iraT^p-i) 
 
 irarp-C 
 
 A. 
 
 iraWp-a 
 
 V. 
 
 irdT€p 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 
 iraTtp-« 
 
 G. D. 
 
 iroWp-oiv 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 irarip-t% 
 
 0. 
 
 irar^p-uv 
 
 I>. 
 
 iroTpd-o-i 
 
 A. 
 
 iraWp-as 
 
 Syncopated Liquid Stems. 
 
 l*^Tt,p, ,;', 
 MOTHER. 
 
 H^TTJp 
 
 (mt^P-os) p.i)rp-<Ss 
 (f-rtTip-i) ntjTp-f 
 ftTjWp-a 
 
 |*<lT€p 
 
 |*ijWp-oiv 
 |iriT^p-€S 
 
 r-i--r '»"■ 
 
 fitjTpd-cri 
 
 »*nT€'p-OS 
 
 dvVJp, d, 
 
 MAN. 
 
 dvVip 
 (dv^p-oj) dvSpHSs 
 {dvip-i) dv8p-C 
 (di/^p-o) dvSp-a 
 
 dv«p 
 
 {&v4p~€) iv8p-« 
 (d»'^/j-otj') dvSp-oiv 
 
 (dv^/»-€j) av8p-cs 
 {av4p-wv) dv8p-tov 
 dv8pd-<n' 
 (Avip-a%) dv8p-as 
 
224 
 
 747. 
 
 
 «vpo«, t6, 
 
 
 liUKAUTH. 
 
 S. K. 
 
 fvpot 
 
 O. 
 
 {tvpe-os) «{}povs 
 
 o. 
 
 (ct;^e-t) c{;p<i 
 
 A. 
 
 <j)pos 
 
 V, 
 
 <{Spos 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 
 (cupe-e) (iipti 
 
 O.V. 
 
 (ti//)^-otJ') cOpoiv 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 (cu/je-a) «{JpTj 
 
 G. 
 
 tvpi-av riip&v 
 
 D. 
 
 iipt-a-i 
 
 A. 
 
 {(vpe-a) fOprj 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 Stems in cr. 
 
 TUIltKME. 
 
 Tpi/jprj* 
 (rptTjpe-oj) rpi^povs 
 (T/stTjpe-i) TpiVjp«i 
 
 (T/3tT)p«-o) Tpi^ptJ 
 Tpif^piS 
 
 (T/»i)pe-c) Tpllf)p<i 
 (rpiripi-oiv) Tpi^poiv 
 
 (TptT)pe-€j) rpi^pcis 
 (Tpmjpi-wv) rpi^pwv 
 TpiV)p(-<ri 
 Tpi^jpcis 
 
 [747 
 
 Kp4a«, t6, 
 
 MEAT. 
 
 Kp<tt« 
 
 (xp^a-ot) Kp^ws 
 
 (Kp^a-() Kp^ai 
 
 Kp^as 
 
 Kp4a« 
 
 (wp^a-a) Kp^a 
 (/cped-(i;i') Kp<wv 
 
 Kp^a-cri 
 {Kpia-a) Kp^a 
 
 748. 
 
 Stems in i and v. 
 
 ^^1 
 
 
 ir<SXis, 17, 
 
 irfixvs, 0, 
 
 &rTv, t6, 
 
 ixetfs, 6, 
 
 ^H| 
 
 
 CITY. 
 
 FORE-ARM. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 FISH. 
 
 ^H 
 
 S. N. 
 
 ir6\i-s 
 
 irflxv-s 
 
 &m> 
 
 IxWJ-s 
 
 ^^H 
 
 G. 
 
 ir6Xc-a>s 
 
 IT^X'-WS 
 
 owrrc-ws 
 
 IxOv-os 
 
 ^^H 
 
 D. 
 
 (rr6Xe-t) irdXci 
 
 (TT^Xe-i) -n-^X" 
 
 (do-TC-t) OO-TCl 
 
 IX^v-i 
 
 ^^H 
 
 A. 
 
 ir6Xi-v 
 
 irfjxv-v 
 
 OWTTW 
 
 IX^w-v 
 
 ^H 
 
 V. 
 
 ir6Xt 
 
 T<iX« 
 
 Ami 
 
 ixetJ 
 
 ^H 
 
 D. N. A.V 
 
 . (Tr6Xc-c) iriXtt 
 
 (7n}x€-e) ir^X«i 
 
 {i(TTe-e) fio-Tci 
 
 ixev-e 
 
 ^H 
 
 G. D. 
 
 iroX^-oiv 
 
 mrix^-oiv 
 
 do-W-otv 
 
 IxOv-oiv 
 
 ^H 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 (7r6\e-ej) irdXcis 
 
 (7r7}xc-cs)/ir^X«iS 
 
 (dffTC-a) currrj 
 
 lxOv-€s 
 
 ^H 
 
 O. 
 
 ir6Xc-(av 
 
 irfjx«-«v 
 
 OO-TC-WV 
 
 lx6v-<i)v 
 
 ^^H 
 
 D. 
 A.. 
 
 ir6X€-<ri, 
 ir6Xci$ 
 
 IT'/JXC-O-t 
 
 ir^X*'-* 
 
 atrrc-o-i 
 (fio-re-o) Gurrt) 
 
 • 
 
 tvfiti.q-L 
 
 ixeos 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
[747 
 
 740J 
 
 Jf^OUNS. 
 
 It, t6, 
 
 iAT. 
 
 S) KpivS 
 
 Kp^at 
 
 
 ixetfs, 6, 
 
 FISH. 
 
 lx6v-os 
 
 IxBv-'t 
 
 IX^w-v 
 
 txOv-c 
 lx6vi-oiv 
 
 lxOv-€s 
 lX0v-<i)v 
 IvOu.o-L 
 
 IxOvs 
 
 7411. 
 
 8. N, 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 KINO. 
 
 Pao-iXcv-t 
 ^ao-iX^.wf 
 
 ^atriX^.S 
 ^ao-iXcO 
 
 Stems In a Diphthong. 
 
 O. N. A. V. 
 O. O. 
 
 ^a<riX^< 
 Pao-iX^-oiv 
 
 ^' Pao-;X<-a8 
 
 PoO,, 6, ,', 
 ox, cow. 
 
 Po€.s 
 
 Po-6s 
 
 PoO-v 
 pofi 
 
 Po-otv 
 
 P6-€S 
 Po-tov 
 Pov-ar( 
 Pov-s 
 
 <)I,I) WOMAN. 
 
 ■ypaO-s 
 
 Yp5-6s 
 
 Yp5-t 
 
 YpaO-v 
 
 YpaO 
 
 Ypa-« 
 YpS-otv 
 
 Ypd-«8 
 Ypa-wv 
 Ypav-o-t 
 Ypav-t 
 
 225 
 
 voOt, -}, 
 vaO-t 
 
 V«-«tff 
 VTJ-C 
 vafi.y 
 vaO 
 
 vf|., 
 v<-otv 
 
 VC-WV 
 
 vav-a-l 
 vaO-8 
 
226 
 
 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 
 
 [750 
 
 
 760 
 
 Adjectives 
 
 OP THE Vowel Declension. 
 
 
 
 
 
 dyaOds, good. 
 
 &|lOS, WORTHY. 
 
 
 
 M. 
 
 p. 
 
 N. 
 
 H. 
 
 F. 
 
 N. 
 
 
 S. N. 
 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 d^aOds 
 
 dYaOoO 
 
 dyaOio 
 
 &.ya96v 
 
 &ya9i 
 
 d-yaO^ 
 
 d-yaOfis 
 
 dvaefi 
 
 d^aO^v 
 
 d-yaO^ 
 
 6.ya96v 
 
 d-yaOov 
 
 d^aO^ 
 
 aya96v 
 
 dyaOdv 
 
 a|ios 
 d^Cov 
 
 d€i<s. 
 
 a|iov 
 
 d^CS 
 dg(as 
 
 dg(av 
 d|ta 
 
 a|iov 
 
 d$(ov 
 
 dgCcp 
 
 a|iov 
 
 a|iov 
 
 
 D.N. A. V. 
 G. D. 
 
 d-yaOw 
 d-yaOoiv 
 
 6.ya9i 
 
 dYaOw 
 d-ya0oiv 
 
 d|Ca> 
 d§Coiv 
 
 d|CS 
 d|(aiv 
 
 dgCo) 
 d|{oiv 
 
 
 P. N. V. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 d^aOoC 
 ayaBuv 
 d^aOois 
 d-yaOov's 
 
 aya9aL 
 dYaOwv 
 d^aOais 
 d-yaO<is 
 
 dyaOd 
 d'yaOuv 
 d^aOois 
 d-^aOd 
 
 dgCttv 
 d|(ois 
 dgCovs 
 
 d|((0v 
 d|(ais 
 d|(as 
 
 d^Cois 
 d|ia 
 
 
 761. Contract Adjectives of the Vowel Declension. 
 
 
 
 XpvOrOVS, GOLDEN. 
 
 
 
 M. 
 
 F. 
 
 N. 
 
 8. N. 
 
 (xpiffeoi) XpiJo-ovs 
 
 iXpwia) XPvo-^i 
 
 (Xpi5<J'€oj») xpv(ro€v 
 
 O. 
 
 (xpva^ov) xpvo-ov 
 
 (XpCiTi^aj) XP^O"*!* 
 
 (xpver^oi;) xpv<rov 
 
 D. 
 
 {Xpva^v) XPv<r$ 
 
 (Xpvf^?) XPvo-^ 
 
 {Xpvffiip) XP'Jo-? 
 
 A. 
 
 {xpiffeov) xpvo-ovv 
 
 (X/jOtr^av) XPVO'^v 
 
 (XP<)(reo>') xpvcrovv 
 
 D.N. A. 
 
 (Xpvffiu) xpww 
 
 (x/)V(r«?a) Xp5«ra 
 
 (x/JVff^w) xpv<ru 
 
 G. D. 
 
 {xpmioiv) xpv<rotv 
 
 (XpCff^aiJ') xpvcraiv 
 
 (x/JWff^tc) xpvo-oiv 
 
 P.N. 
 
 (xpj'ffcot) xpv<roi 
 
 (x/5i)<rcat) xpv<rat 
 
 (XpiJffea) XPvo-d 
 
 O. 
 
 (XpOff^wi') xpv<r«v 
 
 (xpvffiuiv) xpvo-wv 
 
 (XPVffiwv) ypvo-tSv 
 
 D. 
 
 (xpw^otj) xpv<rois 
 
 (XpvfT^ats) xpvirais 
 
 (Xf <r^otj) xpwo-ois 
 
 A. 
 
 (xpvo'^ovs) xpvo-ovs 
 
 (x/JW^av) xpvcds 
 
 (xp«)<rca) xpvo-a 
 
 D. 
 
[750 
 
 751] 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 227 
 
 dirXov$, SIMPLE, SINCERE. 
 
 HT. 
 
 N. 
 
 &|iov 
 
 d£(<p 
 
 O^lOV 
 
 &|iov 
 d|(oiv 
 
 S. N. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 D. N. A. 
 
 G. D. 
 
 ' P. N. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 M. 
 
 (a7rX6os) dirXovs 
 
 {dv\6ov) dirXov 
 
 (oVX6v) d7rX<p 
 
 {oVX6oi') dirXovv 
 
 {dirXbu) dirX(& 
 (oV\6ot»') dirXoiv 
 
 (a7r\(5ot) d-irXoZ 
 (a7r\6a»i') dirXwv 
 (a7rX6otj) d-rrXois 
 {dirXbovs) dirXovs 
 
 P. 
 
 {iirXbti) dirXfJ 
 
 (aVXdijs) dirXfls 
 
 (a7rX677) dirX'Q 
 
 (a7rX677J') dirXfjv 
 
 {dir\ba) dirXa 
 (aVX6ati/) dirXaiy 
 
 (aVXiai) dirXat 
 (aVXAwj/) dirXwv 
 (a7rX6ais) dirXais 
 (aVXidj) dirXds 
 
 N, 
 
 {dir\6ov) dirXovv 
 
 {dirXbov) dirXoO 
 
 (o7rX6v) dirX$ 
 
 (aTrX^of) dirXovv 
 
 (o7rX6w) dirX(o 
 {dirXboLp) dirXoiv 
 
 (oVX6a) dirXo 
 (aVXAwv) dirXwv 
 (dir\6oi<i) dirXois 
 (oTrX^a) dirXd 
 
 d^((i)v 
 d$U>is 
 
 dpYVpOVS, OF SILVER. 
 
 ION. 
 
 r. 
 
 ) xpvo-o€v 
 » XPvo'ov 
 Xpv(r$ 
 I XP^<''*>''V 
 
 Xpv<rco 
 ') XP^*''®^*' 
 
 Xpv<ra 
 ') ypvirtSv 
 ) xpvo-ois 
 
 Xpwro 
 
 8. N. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 D. N. A. 
 G. D. 
 
 P. N. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 M. 
 
 ((ip7i5/)eos) dp^vpovs 
 (dpyvpiov) dpyvpov 
 (dpyvpiif)) dpYvp^ 
 (dpyiipeov) dpyvpovv 
 
 (dpyvp^u) dp-yvpjo 
 (dpyvp^oip) dpYvpoiv 
 
 (dpyiipeoi) dp^vpoi 
 {dpyvpiuv) dp^vpuv 
 {dpr)fvpioi%) dp-yvpois 
 {dpyvpiovi) dp-yvpovs 
 
 P. 
 
 {dpyvpia) dpYvpd 
 idpyvpias) dp^vpds 
 {dpyvpiq) dpyvp^i 
 {dpyvpiav) dp^vpav 
 
 (dpyvpia) dpYvpa 
 (dpyvp4aiv) dpyvpaiv 
 
 {dpryipeai) dpyvpai 
 {dpyvpiuv) dpYvpuv 
 {dpyvp4ai%) dpyvpats 
 (dpyvp^ai) dpYvpds 
 
 1 Ay//A ...■/. 
 
 N. 
 
 {dpy<)p^Qv) dpYvpovv 
 (dpyvp^ov) dpYvpov 
 {dpyvp4(p) dpYvp$ 
 {dpy<jpeop) dpYvpovv 
 
 (dpyvp^w) dpYvpw 
 {dpyvpioiv) dpYvpoiv 
 
 {dpyipea) dpyvpa 
 (dpyvp4u)v) dpYvpwv 
 {dpyvp4oii) dpYvpois 
 {dpydpea) dpyvpd 
 
 No. 59. Attic Obol. 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
228 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 [762 
 
 752. Adjectives of the Consonant or Consonant and 
 
 A Declensions. 
 
 Xop(€is (xa/jtevr), pleasing. 
 
 iros (ttoj/t), all. 
 
 S. N. 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 D. N. A. 
 G. D. 
 
 P. N. V. 
 O. 
 O. 
 A. 
 
 M. 
 
 XoipUvTos 
 XaptcvTi 
 XapCcvra 
 XopUv 
 
 XapCcvTc 
 Xapi^vToiv 
 
 XaptcvTcs 
 XapicvrMv 
 Xap(c<ri 
 XapCcvras 
 
 F. 
 
 \o.p\.ia-a"t\% 
 XapUo-oTi 
 Xap^cro-av 
 XapCco-o-a 
 
 XapicVora 
 Xapi^o-craiv 
 
 XapCco-irai 
 Xapi,c<ra<5v 
 Xapi^o-o-ais 
 Xapi^<raas 
 
 N. 
 
 XopUv 
 
 XapUvTos 
 
 XapUvTi 
 
 Xap(cv 
 
 Xap^v 
 
 XapUvre 
 Xapt^vTOiv 
 
 XapCcvra 
 X api^vTwv 
 
 XapUvra 
 
 M. 
 
 iras 
 
 iravTds 
 
 iravT( 
 
 F. 
 
 irao-a 
 
 *• 
 
 irov 
 *o"tjs iravT^s 
 TTooTi iravT{ 
 irdvTa irao-av irdv 
 
 irdvTts , ira<rai irdvra 
 irdvTwv Trao-wv irdvTcov 
 ira«ri 
 
 iraorais 
 
 CKWV {iKOPT), WILLING. 
 
 iraai 
 irdvras irocros irdvTa 
 
 H-^OS (MeXof), BLACK. 
 
 S. N. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 M. 
 CKWV 
 
 Ik6vtos 
 
 €K<SVTI 
 
 iKdvra 
 
 CKMV 
 
 D. N. A. V. CK<Svrc 
 
 G.D. iKdvroiv 
 
 p. 
 
 CKov<ra 
 
 CKOV(rT)S 
 
 CK0V(r[| 
 
 CKOvcrav 
 
 CKOvo-a 
 
 CKOVCS 
 
 N. 
 
 ck6v 
 CKivros 
 
 €K<SVTI 
 
 ck6v 
 
 CKtfv 
 
 M. 
 
 (lAavos 
 fiAavi 
 fji^Xava 
 fi^Xav 
 
 F. 
 
 fi^Xaiva 
 
 |icXa(vi]s 
 
 ticXaCvxi 
 
 fi^aivav 
 
 ft^Xaiva 
 
 N. 
 
 (i^Xavos 
 (i^Xavi 
 (Ji^Xav 
 (x^Xav 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 ^ovrcs 
 {K6vr<i)v 
 
 ^KOVO-l 
 
 j„j 
 
 cnvrTas 
 
 €KdvT€ 
 
 cKovVaiv €k6vtoiv 
 
 lKov(rai iKdvra 
 €KOV(rMV Ik^vtuv 
 
 cKowVais iKovo-i 
 cKov'o-Ss CKovra 
 
 ti.^Xavc (AcXofvo (A^Xavc 
 lAcXdvoiv (AfXatvaiv (uXdvoiv 
 
 |i<Xavcs n^aivai 
 licXdvMv lifXoivcSv 
 
 fi^ava 
 ficXdvuv 
 (L^oo-i |A«Xa(vais u^ao-L 
 |*<Xovas )icXa(v5s i^lXava 
 
 s. 
 
 D. 
 
 P. 
 
[762 
 
 752] 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 229 
 
 €v8o£n<av {evbaifiov), fortunate. 
 
 dXtjO^S {dXrideff), true. 
 
 irov 
 iravrds 
 iravrf 
 irav 
 
 M. F. 
 
 N. 
 
 S. N. f 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 cvSafftov 
 cii;Sa£|Aovos 
 cv8a(|iovi 
 cv8a(|iova 
 
 cv8ai|iov 
 
 cvSaCfiovos 
 
 cv8a(|iovi 
 
 cv8ai|iov 
 
 c^8ai)Aov 
 
 D. N. A. V 
 G. D. 
 
 ■ cv8a(|Aovc 
 c()8ai|i<$voiv 
 
 cv8a(|jiovc 
 cv8ai|A6voi.v 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 (iSaCfiovcs 
 
 cvSa()j.ova 
 
 6. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 cv8ai|j,(iva)v 
 
 cvSaCfiocri 
 
 cv8a(|iovas 
 
 cvSa(.|i6va>v 
 
 cv8a()iO(ri 
 
 cv8aC{iova 
 
 M. F. 
 
 (d> 77^^-0 j) dXTjOovs 
 (dX7;(9^-i) a\r\9tl 
 {a\rid^-a) dXtjeii 
 dXrjd^S 
 
 (dXrjei-e) dXijeet 
 
 (dXl7tf^-O(;/)dXtJ0otv 
 
 {a\r)e4-€i) dXtjOcis 
 
 (dX7;^^-w»') dXT]Ocov 
 
 dXrjO^o-i 
 
 dXt]6cis 
 
 N. 
 
 a\r\9is 
 (dXy^e^-os) dXtjeovs 
 (d\r)e4-l) dXiieei 
 
 dXT)0^s 
 dXTjOds 
 
 (d\i7^^^) dXtiOet 
 (dX77^^-o(j')dXtjeoiv 
 
 (dXridi-a) dXrjefJ 
 {d\r)ei-wv) dXti9«v 
 
 dXT|e^o-i 
 
 (dX77^^-o)dXtiefl 
 
 8. N. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 ^8vS (li5u), SWEET. 
 
 M. 
 
 T|8vs 
 ^8^0$ 
 
 ^Svv 
 
 n.N. A.v. {-fiSi-e) ^Sft 
 
 r. N. V. 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 ^8^0>V 
 
 f| 8^0-1 
 
 N. 
 
 t|8€ta ^U 
 
 T|8€£as T|8^os 
 
 ^8ctav '^Sii 
 
 T|8«ia ^^ 
 
 ^8€Ca (ii5^-c)^8€t 
 
 ^8cCaiv TjS^oiv 
 
 T|8€ioi ^Ua 
 
 «8«ta>v ^Umv 
 
 ^8c(ai$ ^8^<ri 
 
 l8«(o$ j|8^a 
 
 r\ht<itv {qSlov), SWEETER. 
 
 M. F. 
 
 N. 
 
 ^8tci)v 
 '^8fov-os 
 ^8tov-i 
 T|8tov-a, T|8tA> 
 
 ^8tov-c 
 T|Si<iv-oiv 
 
 TJ810V 
 T|8fov-os 
 
 T|8t0Vl 
 
 TJ810V 
 
 '^Stov-c 
 
 T|Sl<5v-0lV 
 
 T|8fov-€s, T|8fows T|8fov.a, ^8t« 
 
 T|ot6v-«v T|8idv-«v 
 
 Ti8too-i f,8to<ri 
 
 T|8fov-os, T|8fows T|8tpv.a, ^8f« 
 
 ^j 
 
 3.* 
 
280 
 
 ADJECTI VES. ~ PARTICIPLES. 
 
 [763 
 
 763. 
 
 Irregular Adjectives. 
 
 S. N. 
 
 o. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 D. N. A. V. 
 G. D. 
 
 r. N. V. 
 o. 
 s. 
 
 A. 
 
 GREAT. 
 
 M. 
 
 ii-iyas 
 |iC7dXov 
 
 fic-ydXc 
 
 lACYdXw 
 fMYdXoiv 
 
 ruydXoi 
 fJKYdXuv 
 fUYdXois 
 (iCYdXovs 
 
 (JicYdXi) 
 
 jiCYdXijs 
 
 lif-ydXt) 
 
 tMYdXTjv 
 
 lACYdXT) 
 
 ficydXa 
 (iCYdXaiv 
 
 (MvdXai 
 fMYdXcov 
 (icydXais 
 (M^dXas 
 
 N. 
 
 Myo. 
 
 iuy&Kov 
 
 (icydXcp 
 
 ti.(ya 
 
 (iCYdXo) 
 {xcYdXoiv 
 
 (MYdXa 
 |iCYdX(i)v 
 (JiiYdXois 
 IMYdXa 
 
 M. 
 
 iroXvs 
 iroXXov 
 ToXX^ 
 iroXvv 
 
 iroXv's (ttoXu, ttoWo), 
 
 MUCH, MANY. 
 
 F. N. 
 
 iroXXi^ iroXv 
 
 iroXXfjs iroXXov 
 
 iroXXfi iroXX$ 
 
 iroXXi^v iroXw 
 
 iroXXoC iroXXal 
 
 iroXXwv iroXXwv 
 
 iroXXois iroXXais 
 
 iroXXovs iroXX^s 
 
 iroXXd 
 iroXXwv 
 iroXXots 
 iroXXd 
 
 764. 
 
 S. N. V. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 PARTICIPLES. 
 
 \vt»v (Xvovr), 
 
 LOOSING. 
 
 M. 
 
 F. 
 
 N. 
 
 Xw»v Xtfovo-a Xfiov 
 
 Xt;ovros Xvov<rT|s Xifovros 
 
 XvovTi XvovoTi XlJovTi 
 
 Xvovra Xvovo-av Xvov 
 
 D.N.A.V. XtfoVTt XvoWB XtfoVTC 
 
 G.D. Xvdvroiv Xvovcraiv Xv6 
 
 VTOIV 
 
 P.N, 
 
 c 
 
 '' A. 
 
 XwovTjs Xvovo-ai Xvovra 
 
 Xvdvruv Xvovo-wv Xvdvrwv 
 
 Xuovo-i Xvovo-ais Xvovn-i, 
 
 Xvovras Xvo^aBs Xvovra 
 
 Xvo-as (XOorai/r), 
 
 HAVING LOOSED. 
 
 M. 
 
 F. 
 
 N. 
 
 Xvo-Ho-a Xvo-av 
 
 Xtforas 
 
 X^o-ovros \v<ri<nis XiJcravros 
 
 Xvo-avri Xvo-iloTi Xvo-avri 
 
 Xvo-avro Xvo-So-av Xvo-av 
 
 o-avr« Xvo-iio-a Xt^cravrc 
 
 X^i 
 
 Xvo-dvroiv Xvo-^o-oiv Xvodvroiv 
 
 Xvo-avr€s Xvo-oo-oi Xvo-avra 
 
 Xvo-dvT«v Xvo-oo-wv Xvo-dvrojv 
 
 f^vo-Siri, Xvo-ao-ais Xvo-ao-i 
 
 Xvo-avras Xvo-do-os X^o-avra 
 
[763 
 
 )X\o), 
 r. 
 
 N. 
 
 TToXw 
 
 iroXXou 
 
 iroXXw 
 
 iroXv 
 
 iroXXd 
 iroXXwv 
 iroXXois 
 iroXXd 
 
 N. 
 
 }(rav 
 i 
 
 icravTi 
 ><rav 
 
 <ravT€ 
 (rdvToiv 
 
 ravra 
 rdvTwv 
 ra<ri 
 ravTtt 
 
 756] 
 
 PARTICIPLES. 
 
 231 
 
 
 XcXvkJjs (KeXvKor), 
 
 HAVING LOOSED. 
 
 
 M. F. N. 
 
 8. N. V. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 XeXvKiis XtXvKvta XcXvKds 
 XcXvKdTos XcXuKuios X«Xvk6tos 
 
 XcXuKdTl X«XVKV(<;1 XcXvKdTl 
 XcXuKOTtt XcXvKVlOV XcXvKOS 
 
 Xueifs {XvOevT), 
 
 HAVING BKEN LOOSED, 
 
 M. 
 
 F. 
 
 N. 
 
 D.N.A.V. XcXuKdTf XcXvKwto XcXvKdxt 
 
 G. D. X«Xwk6toiv XeXvKvfoiv XcXvKdTOlV 
 
 P. N. V. 
 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 X€Xvk6t€s XeXvKvioi XeXvKdra 
 XeXwK<5T«v XeXvKviwv XeXvKdTcov 
 XcXvKdo-i XeXvKvfois XeXvKdo-i 
 XcXvKdras X«XvKv(as XcXvKdra 
 
 XvOeis Xwe«to-a XvO^v 
 
 Xve^vTos Xv0€(o-iis Xve^vTos 
 
 XvO^vTi Xv0«(oTi XvG^VTl 
 
 Xve«vTa Xv0€i<rav Xv0^v 
 
 Xv0^VT€ Xve€£<rO Xv0^VT€ 
 
 XvG^vToiv Xve€fo-aiv Xve^vToiv 
 
 Xue^vT€s Xve€t<rai Xve^vTtt 
 
 Xve^VTtOV XveiWWV Xve^VTWV 
 
 Xi>0«t<ri Xv0€£<rais Xv0€l<ri 
 
 Xv0€'vTas Xw0€(«ras \v9ivTa 
 
 766. 
 
 Participles of Contract Verbs. 
 
 M. 
 
 Tifiwv (Tt/xa-ovT), 
 
 HONORING. 
 
 *■• ST. 
 
 iroiuv (iroie-ovr), 
 
 DOING, MAKING. 
 
 8. N. V. 
 
 o. 
 o. 
 
 A. 
 
 Tijtwv Tln.«<ra Tifiwv 
 
 Tl(J.«VTOS TijlWcnjS TiHWVTOS 
 
 Tip.divTl Ti|i(i<q, Tin«VTl 
 
 Tiftuvra TifAwo-av rifitav 
 
 H. 
 iroiuv 
 
 N. 
 
 D.N.A.V. Tin5vT€ Tl^^fro. Tl|Jl<SvT€ 
 
 O. D. Tin<ivTOlV TintSo-aiV Tiflt&VTOlV 
 
 P. N. V. 
 G. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 TinwvT€s Tt|ji«(rai TinwvTa 
 
 TIHWVTWV Ti(Jl«<r«V Ti|i<&VT«V 
 
 Tin«<ri Tiniio-ais Tin«o-i 
 
 TiiAwvTas Tin(&<ros Tin«vTa 
 
 iroiov(ra iroiovv 
 
 iroiovvTos irotovo-tjs woiovvtos 
 
 iroioOvTi iroioiioTi woioiivTi 
 
 TToioOvTa iroiovo-av iroiovv 
 
 iroiovvTc iroioiora iroioOvre 
 woiovvTOiv iroioiio-aiv woiowvtoiv 
 
 iroioOvTcs iroLouo-AL «.«.-.i 
 
 woioOvTwv iroiovo-«v ITOIOVVTWV 
 
 ffoiovo-i woiovo-ais iroiovo-i 
 
 iroiovvras iroiovo-as iroiovvra 
 
232 
 
 756. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 70 
 
 80 
 
 90 
 100 
 200 
 900 
 400 
 500 
 600 
 
 Cardinal. 
 
 els, |iCa, 'iv, one 
 8vo, two 
 Tpcis, Tp(a 
 
 T^TTOptS, T^TTapO 
 
 irt'vTe 
 
 H 
 
 tirrd 
 
 OKTW 
 
 ivvia 
 
 S^Ka 
 
 ifvScKa 
 
 SuScKa 
 
 rpcio-KaCScKa 
 
 TCTTapctrKaCScKa 
 
 'ircvrcKaCScKa 
 
 CKKaCScKa 
 
 CTTxaKaCScKa 
 
 oKTUKaCScKa 
 
 cvvcaKaCScKa 
 
 cVkocti 
 
 els Kal cCkoo-i, cICkoo-i 
 
 or cCkoo-iv els 
 TpiSKovra 
 
 T€TTOpdK0VTa 
 
 ir«vTi^KovTa 
 c^ViKovra 
 
 C^So|Jl'^KOVTa 
 
 ©■ySoi/JKovTa 
 
 €V€V^KOVTa 
 
 CKardv 
 
 8i.aK6(ri,oi, -ai, -a 
 rpiciKdo-ioi, -ai, a 
 TcrpaKdaioi, -oi, -a 
 TTeVTaKoif fcoi, -ai. -a 
 (£aK<i<rioi, -ai, -a 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 OUDINAL. 
 
 irpwTos, -T|, -ov, first 
 ScvTcpos, a-, -ov, second 
 Tplros 
 
 WTOpTOS 
 
 "ir^liirTos 
 
 ilKTOS 
 
 <ipSo|ios 
 oySoos 
 cvaros 
 S^Karos 
 I cvS^Karos 
 SwS^Karos 
 Tplros Kal S^Karos 
 T^TttpTos Kol S^Karos 
 ir^lAirTos Kol S^Karos 
 Hktos Kol S^Karos 
 iip8o(ios Kal 5€KaTos 
 SySoos Kal S^Karos 
 cvaros Kal S^Karos 
 ctKoo-T6s 
 
 [766 
 
 Kal els, 
 
 rpiaKOo-rds 
 
 TtTTapaKOO-TOS 
 
 ir€VTTjKO<rTds 
 
 cfTjKoo-rds 
 
 cP8op,T]KO(rT6s 
 
 OYSoTjKoerrds 
 
 4v€vt]koo-t6s 
 
 €KaTo<rT6s 
 
 SiaKoo'ioo'Tds 
 
 TpiaKo<rio(rT6s 
 
 TCTpaKoo-ioo-rds 
 
 ircvraKOo-ioo-Tds 
 
 c|aKO(rioo-T<Ss 
 
 Advekb. 
 
 Airal, once 
 8£s, twice 
 
 TcrpdKis 
 
 ircvrdKis 
 
 c|dKis 
 
 eirrdKis 
 
 OKrdKis 
 
 cvdKis 
 
 ScKdKis 
 
 cvScKdKis 
 
 SwScKdKis 
 
 clKOO-dKlS 
 
 xpiaKovrdKis 
 TCTTapaKovrdKis 
 
 ■JTtVTTlKOVTdKlS 
 
 c|T)KOVTdKlS 
 
 cP8op,T]KOVTdKlS 
 
 07S0T]K0VTdKlS 
 
 CV€V1]K0VTdKlS 
 
 cKarovrdKis 
 SiaKOo-idKis 
 
 N 
 G 
 D 
 A 
 
[766 
 
 757] 
 
 700 
 800 
 900 
 1,000 
 2,000 
 3,000 
 10,000 
 20,000 
 100,000 
 
 Cardinal. 
 
 ^TTTaKiio-ioi, -oi, -a 
 OKTaKdo-ioi, -oi, -a 
 4voK<5<rioi, -ai, -a 
 XtXioi, -ai, -a 
 8t<rxtXioi, -ai, -a 
 rpiorxtXioi, -ai, -a 
 H-wpioi, -oi, -a 
 8i«r|Avpioi,/ -ai, -a 
 ScKaKio-ftvpioi, -ai, -a 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 283 
 
 Ordinal. 
 
 Adverb. 
 
 JirraKoorioo-rbs 
 
 
 OKTaKooPioo-rds 
 
 ' 
 
 ^vaKO(rioo-T<Ss 
 
 
 XiXiO(rT6s 
 8i<rxiXio(rTds 
 
 \l\i&Kl9 
 
 TpKTxiXioo-Tds 
 
 
 H-vpioo-Tds 
 
 llllAI jC t^»m. 
 
 757. Dkolensiox of the Fiest Foub Cardinals. 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 N. €ls |i(a Jfv 
 
 G- «v6s (iias evds 
 A. <va fi(av <v 
 
 DUAL. 
 
 N. A. 8i>o 
 o. D. 8votv 
 
 PLURAL. 
 N. Tp«lS Tp(o 
 
 G. rpiuv rpiwv 
 ». Tpi<r£ Tpi<r( 
 ^- rptls rpLa 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 T^rrapes Wrrapa 
 
 T€TTdp«v Tcrrdpuv 
 
 WrTapo-i, r^TTap<ri 
 
 Wrrapos Wrrapa 
 
 No. 60. Ath 
 
 ena. 
 
234 
 
 ARTICLE. — PHONOUNS. 
 
 [763 
 
 No. 61. Ze«5j. 
 
 DEFINITE ARTICLE AND PRONOUNS. 
 
 768. Article. 769. Personal and Intensive Pronouns. 
 
 S. N. 
 O. 
 O. 
 
 M. K. N. 
 
 d T| t6 
 
 TOV Tfjs TOV 
 
 T$ Tfi T$ 
 
 T<5v T^V t6 
 
 D. N. A. rw T(a T(& 
 O. D. TOIV TOIV TOiv 
 
 I P.N. ol al rd 
 ' O. r&v T«V T«V 
 
 '. D. TOIS Tats TOIS 
 
 \ ▲. Tovs Tlis rd 
 
 i\kOVy )iOV (TOV 
 
 iv-^l, fio( a-o( 
 
 v& 
 v$v 
 
 f||iUV 
 
 jfiHas 
 
 0"i 
 
 v|icis 
 i « 
 
 VfJllV 
 
 v|ias 
 
 ol 
 
 i 
 
 <r(|>cts 
 
 - -J 
 
 cdtas 
 
 M- F. N. 
 
 avrds ovT^ avrd 
 
 avTOv avTT]s aitrov 
 
 avT$ air^ avTM 
 
 avTdv avr^v ovt6 
 
 avT<& avrd avrcS 
 oiroiv avraiv avrotv 
 
 avPTot avraC avrd 
 
 *»^t*vr UV'IWV ttVT62V 
 
 avTois avrais avrois 
 avTovs avT^s aird 
 
 ,/ 
 
[76v3 
 
 761] 
 
 PHONO UNS. 
 
 235 
 
 760. 
 
 M. 
 S. G. {|JiaVTOV 
 
 !>• cp,auTu 
 
 A. J|iaVT(iv 
 
 Reflexive Pronouns. 
 
 F. 
 
 cfiavT^ 
 
 r. G. ^(tfiv ovTwv T|(iwv a*Twv 
 i>. tjulv airois Tjniv avrais 
 A. fjnas avTovs t||xos ovt^s 
 
 U. 
 
 ccavToO 
 <rcavTu 
 
 ft 
 
 trcavrdv 
 
 F. 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 o-eawTf^s o-avTov o-avrf^s 
 o-cavT^ or cravr^i o-avrfj 
 <rcovT^v o-avrdv o-avr^v 
 
 w(i«v avTMv h\t.&v avTwv 
 
 ,yHiv airois Cjaiv ovrais 
 
 «jxos a«Tovs vnas avrcis 
 
 ■TOUNS. 
 
 N. 
 
 avrd 
 aiirov 
 avTu 
 avrd 
 
 avTio 
 avTotv 
 
 avrd 
 
 CLVT&V 
 
 avTois 
 adrd 
 
 M. 
 
 s. o. lavro{) 
 
 !>• cavT^ 
 
 A. cavrdv 
 
 p. o. javTttv 
 
 i>. JavTots 
 
 A. (aVTOVfi 
 
 761. 
 
 C. O. D. 
 A. 
 
 P. G. 
 D. 
 
 F. 
 
 JavTf)s 
 
 lavrfj 
 
 lavri^v 
 
 JavTuv 
 cavrals 
 JavT^^S 
 
 N. 
 
 JavToO 
 
 JavT^ 
 
 javrd 
 
 iavr&v 
 lavTois 
 iavrd 
 
 M. 
 
 F. 
 
 N. 
 
 or 
 
 or 
 
 avTov 
 
 avT^ 
 
 avrdv 
 
 avT'f^s 
 
 avT^] 
 
 avT^v 
 
 avroi) 
 
 avrip 
 
 avrd 
 
 avTuv 
 avTois 
 avTovs 
 
 avTwv 
 avrais 
 avTiis 
 
 avruv 
 avrois 
 avrd 
 
 Reciprocal Pronoun. 
 
 M. 
 
 aXX^Xoiv 
 
 aAATJAWV 
 
 dXX^Xois 
 dXX'^Xovs 
 
 F. 
 
 dXX^Xaiv 
 dXX^XS 
 
 dXX^Xttv 
 dXX^Xais 
 dXXi]Xas 
 
 dXX'/jXoiv 
 dXX'/jXta 
 
 dXX^XcDv 
 oXX^Xois 
 dXXT]Xa 
 
236 
 
 PRONOUNS. 
 
 [762 
 
 762. 
 
 Demonstrative Pronouns. 
 
 M. 
 
 OVTOS 
 
 F. 
 
 W. 
 
 OVTOi 
 
 avrai 
 
 TavTa 
 
 TOVTWV rOVTiDV TOVTWV 
 
 TowTois Tavrais towtois 
 T0WT0V8 ravrSs ravra 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 N. 
 
 F. 
 
 w. 
 
 oCn| rovro 
 roitrov TavTT)s tovtou 
 
 TOVTip TOVTTJ TOWT<p 
 
 toOtov ravniv tovto 
 
 TOVT« TOVrw TOVTU 
 TOVTOIV TOVTOIV TOVTOIV 
 
 »8« {jS« r68( 
 
 T0V8« TfjO-Sf TOvSt 
 
 •ffiSf TfjSf T$8« 
 
 TdvSi T^vSl Td8« 
 
 T<S8« r(&8f rw8( 
 
 To£v8€ rotv8c toiv8« 
 
 ot8< at8( T(i8< 
 
 T«v8€ Tcav8< Ta»v8€ 
 
 To£o-8€ Tai(r8« Tot(r8( 
 
 Tov<r8c rAvit Td8« 
 
 Ikcivos Ut{.vy\ Utlvo 
 
 UdvOV ^KC(VT]S <K€£V0V 
 
 UtLvif iMiv^ 4k€(v<p 
 <K€£vov <K<(vT)v Uiivo 
 
 Utivia <Ki(va> ^KcCvia 
 <K€£voiv Ikc^voiv ^K<{V01V 
 
 iKilvoi ^Kctvai JKciva 
 UiLvtav ^K((va>v UtLvtav 
 ^Kifvois Ik«£vois ^Kcivois 
 4k«(vovs €K€£vas 4k<£vo 
 
 763. 
 
 Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns. 
 
 M. F. 
 
 N. 
 
 M. F. 
 
 K. 
 
 8. N. 
 
 r(t 
 
 t( 
 
 O. 
 D. 
 A. 
 
 t(vos, tov 
 
 Tfvi, T$ 
 
 t£vos, toO 
 
 Tfvi, T$ 
 
 D. N. A. 
 G. D. 
 
 t(v€ 
 
 tCvoiv 
 
 t£v« 
 t(voiv 
 
 P.N. 
 O. 
 O. 
 A. 
 
 TtvCS 
 
 rCvwv 
 
 T((n 
 
 t(vo$ 
 
 T(va 
 rLvtav 
 
 T(va 
 
 Tls 
 
 Tl 
 
 Tlv6s, TOV 
 
 TIV<JS, TOV 
 
 Tivt, TCJ> 
 
 TlvC, T<^ 
 
 Tivd 
 
 rl 
 
 TIV< 
 
 TIV< 
 
 TIVOIV 
 
 TlVOtV 
 
 TIV^S 
 
 Tivd 
 
 TivSi' 
 
 TIVUJV 
 
 Ti<r( 
 
 TIO-C 
 
 Tivds 
 
 Tivd 
 
[762 
 
 764J 
 
 PRONOUNS. 
 
 237 
 
 764. 
 
 Relative Pronouns. 
 
 Utivo 
 i 4kc(vov 
 
 ' JMlvo 
 
 8. N. 
 
 8f 
 
 ^ 
 
 5 
 
 O. 
 
 0^ 
 
 h 
 
 0^ 
 
 D. 
 
 « 
 
 r 
 
 TJ 
 
 
 A. 
 
 6v 
 
 <iv 
 
 6 
 
 D.N. A. 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 O. U. 
 
 olv 
 
 otv 
 
 olv 
 
 P.N. 
 
 or 
 
 at 
 
 & 
 
 O. 
 
 wv 
 
 tav 
 
 T 
 
 wv 
 
 D. 
 
 ols 
 
 als 
 
 Ols 
 
 A. 
 
 oiSs 
 
 t/ 
 
 as 
 
 & 
 
 6o-Tlf 
 
 ovt:vos, otou 
 
 «^TlVl, 6t<j> 
 
 ftvTiva 
 
 WTIVC 
 
 olvrivoiv 
 
 T|<rTlVOS 
 ^TlVl 
 
 TJvTiva 
 
 oI'tiv«s aVrivcs 
 
 WVTlVCilV, UtWV WVTIVWV 
 
 olo-Tio-i, 8tois alo-Tio-i 
 
 ouo-Tivas So-Tivos 
 
 6 Tl 
 
 ovTivos, dfrow 
 (^Tivi, Srtf 
 
 S Tl 
 
 WTIV€ «5tIV« 
 
 OIVTIVOIV OIVTIVOIV 
 
 &Tlva, &TTO 
 
 wvTivwv, Jirwv 
 
 olo"Tl<ri, OT0l$ 
 
 &Tiva, &TTa 
 
 N. 
 
 No. 62. Se^t^j Xa/3ety Kal 8ovvai. 
 
 \ 
 
 
in 
 
 238 
 7«5. 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 [765 
 
 
 S. 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 ^ 
 
 ;{ 
 
 i* 
 
 *3 
 
 H 
 
 •i>. 2 
 
 
 .'i 
 
 Q 
 
 
 15 
 
 J'. 1 
 
 
 •3 
 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 Oh 
 
 o 
 
 ^4 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 p. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 p. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 8. 2 
 
 3 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 p. 2 
 
 3 
 
 INFIN. 
 
 S'ARTIC. 
 
 Active. 
 
 PKKSENT. 
 
 XW€-T0V 
 Xv€-TOV 
 \V0-|ifV 
 Xtf€-T€ 
 
 Xvovtrt 
 
 Present System of Xtf«, loose. 
 
 Middle and Passive. 
 
 IMPERFECT. 
 
 2*Xvo-v 
 Sf-Xvf-s 
 
 {-Xd(>TOV 
 4-Xurf-T»JV 
 
 <-Xuo-)i(v 
 
 <-Xd«-TC 
 
 S(-Xvo-v 
 
 PKESENT. 
 
 Xdw 
 X?Jt|s 
 
 x^n 
 
 XUTJ-TOV 
 
 XVT)-T0V 
 
 Xdw-JMV 
 
 XVTJ-T€ 
 
 Xv(«)(ri 
 
 XvOl-)il 
 
 Xvoi 
 Xvoi-rov 
 
 Xvo£-TT]V 
 
 Xvoi-jwv 
 
 XvOl-T€ 
 
 Xvou-v 
 
 Xvc 
 Xvi-rta 
 
 Xv€-TOV 
 XvC-TCi)V 
 Xu€-T€ 
 XUd-VTCrtV 
 
 Xvciv 
 
 XOwv, -ov<ra, -ov 
 
 PIIESENT. 
 
 Xoo-)iai 
 
 Xd«i 
 
 Xd«-Tai 
 
 Xi$<-(r9ov 
 
 Xvc-(r9ov 
 
 Xvti-fuOa 
 
 Xf$€-O-0f 
 
 Xvo-vrai 
 
 IMI'EKFECT. 
 f-Xv<i>fiT)V 
 
 4-Xvow 
 
 4-Xtf«-T0 
 
 4-Xdc.(r0ov 
 
 ^-Xu^-<r0T)v 
 
 ^-Xv<i-)i«Oa 
 
 4-Xvi><r9< 
 
 ^-Xdo-vTo 
 
 PRESENT. 
 Xvw-)iai 
 
 Xi^T, 
 
 XiJtj-Tai 
 
 Xdrj-o-flov 
 
 XuT|-or6ov 
 
 Xvu-fuOa 
 
 Xwtj-o-Ot 
 
 Xv(D-vTai 
 
 Xvo(-)AT|V 
 
 Xvoi-0 
 
 X«Ol-TO 
 
 Xvoi-(r6ov 
 Xvo(-(r0T]v 
 Xi5o(-n«0a 
 Xvoi-cOc 
 
 XvOl-VTO 
 
 Xvov 
 
 Xvc-(r9ov 
 Xu^-(r9(i>v 
 Xw«-o-0€ 
 Xu^-crOwv 
 
 Xvc-o-Oai 
 XiJ6-(j,«vos, -Tj, -ov 
 
 
 I 
 
[765 
 
 767] 
 
 SIVE. 
 KItFKCT. 
 
 56- 
 
 e 
 
 lOV 
 
 tir\v 
 
 l«-TO 
 
 ic-o-Oov 
 4-<r9r\v 
 
 f-<re< 
 
 O-VTO 
 
 INFECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 239 
 
 7<MJ. 
 
 Future System 
 of Xdw. 
 
 ACTIVK. MiODLK. 
 
 FUTIKK. 
 
 < 
 O 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 ifi 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 
 .'{ 
 
 i>. 2 
 
 J'. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 8. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 I). 2 
 3 
 
 Xdo'w 
 Xiio-ds 
 Xdo-ci 
 \v<r«-Tov 
 
 Xw<r€-TOV 
 
 Xv<ro-)iiv 
 Xvcrovci 
 
 I* 
 
 o 
 
 I). 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Xv(roi,-fii 
 
 Xd<roi.s 
 
 Xifo-oi 
 
 Xvcroi-Tov 
 
 Xv(ro£-Ttjv 
 
 Xv(roi-|icv 
 
 Xv<roi-rc 
 
 Xii(roi(>v 
 
 m 
 
 is 
 
 8. 2 
 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 
 p. 2 
 3 
 
 Xv<ro-(iiai 
 
 Xdo-fi 
 
 Xu<r«-Tai 
 
 Xocr€-<r6ov 
 
 Xvcrc-irOov 
 
 Xv(r6-|i«0a 
 
 Xv(rc-(r0« 
 
 Xv(ro-vTai 
 
 Xv(ro(-|AT)v 
 
 Xviroi-o 
 
 Xu(roi-To 
 
 Xviroi-<r9ov 
 
 Xv(ro{-(r9t]v 
 
 Xv(rot-)j,(9a 
 
 Xv(roi-<r6« 
 
 Xv(roi-vTO 
 
 INFIN. 
 rABTIC. 
 
 Allfrc-<vA« 
 
 Xw<r€iv 
 
 Xderwv, -owcra, XUo-d-jitvos 
 
 -ov 
 
 767. First Aorist System 
 of X'dm. 
 
 ACTIVK. MlODLE. 
 
 FIRST AORIST. 
 
 ?-Xvcra 
 
 2-Xv(ra-s 
 
 SI-XQo'f 
 
 4-Xv<ra-Tov 
 
 <-Xv<rA-Tnv 
 
 l-Xu(ra-)i(v 
 
 «-Xworo-T« 
 
 «-Xu<ra-v 
 
 Xtfo"« 
 
 Xtfcrjit 
 
 XiJo-jj 
 
 XwTJ-TOV 
 
 Xw<rtj-Tov 
 Xvcru-iicv 
 Xv<rTj-T« 
 Xva-taa-t. 
 
 <-Xv<rd-|ttTjv 
 
 ^-Xd<ra-To 
 
 ^-Xf$<ra-o-6ov 
 
 {-Xv<rd-(rOT)v 
 
 J-Xv(rd-fi(9a 
 
 i-X\f<ro-<r0« 
 
 Xf{<rci>-|iai 
 
 XdoTj 
 
 XvoTj-rai 
 
 Xd(rt)-(rOov 
 
 XvoTj-irOov 
 
 XU(r(i)-|i(9a 
 
 XlJ«rTj-or9« 
 
 Xviroi^vTai 
 
 X^<roi-,Ai XOo-of-jiijv 
 
 Xv<r«io-s, Maai-s Xvo-ai-o 
 Xvo-«i€, Xdtrai Xvo-ai-TO 
 
 Xif«roi.Tov Xd<rai.<r9ov 
 
 Xc<ro(.TTjv Xv(ra£.<r9tjv 
 
 Xv<rai.,«v Xv<ra£.,A«9a 
 
 X^o-ai-T€ XiJo-ai.<r9€ 
 
 Xw<r€ia.v,X()(7aie-t' Xvo-ai-vro 
 
 XviTOV 
 
 Xvtra-Tu 
 
 Xw<ra-Tov 
 
 Xv<ra-T«v 
 
 Xvora-rc 
 
 Xv<rd-vT«v 
 
 XOcrai 
 
 XO<rai 
 
 Xv(rd-(r9a> 
 
 Xv(ra-<r9ov 
 
 Xvo-d-(r9(t>v 
 
 Xv(ra-<r9c 
 
 Xv(rd-(r9(i)v 
 
 Xv(ra-(r9ai 
 
 -ov 
 
 Xv«ras, -o-oo-a, Xvo-d-fitvos, 
 
 -crav 
 
 -11, -ov 
 
I! f 
 / I 
 
 li 
 
 240 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 [768 
 
 768. 
 
 First Perfect System 
 
 
 of \vw. 
 
 
 Active. 
 
 
 FIRST PERF. FIRST PLUP. 
 
 8. 1 
 
 X^VKO l-X«XviKT| 
 
 2 
 
 • 
 
 X^XvKO-s l-XcXvKrj-s 
 
 « 3 
 
 \{KVK( ^X€XvK«l 
 
 H D. 2 
 
 X«XvKa-TOV I-X€XVK«-T0V 
 
 g 3 
 
 X«XvKo-Tov ^XcXvK^rriv 
 
 g p. 1 
 
 XcXoKO-HCV I-X€XVK€-H€V 
 
 2 
 
 X«XvKa-T« i-X€XvKe-T€ 
 
 3 
 
 X«Xi}Ka<ri i-\(\vK('a-av 
 
 
 FIRST PERFECT. 
 
 8. 1 
 
 XcXvKM 
 
 2 
 
 XiXvK|]S 
 
 XcXvKt) 
 
 g D. 2 
 
 XcXvK1)-T0V 
 
 i ^ 
 
 XcXvKT]-TOV 
 
 g p. 1 
 
 XcXvK(l>-)iCV 
 
 2 
 
 XcXlUKt]-TC 
 
 3 
 
 X(XvK(l)0-l 
 
 s. 1 
 
 XcXilKoi-)j,i 
 
 2 
 
 XcXvKOl-S 
 
 H 3 
 
 XcXvKOl 
 
 i D. 2 
 
 XcXvKOl-TOV 
 
 S ' 
 
 XcXvK0(-T1)V 
 
 o p. 1 
 
 XcXvKOl-fiCV 
 
 2 
 
 XcXvKOl-TC 
 
 3 
 
 XcXvKou-v 
 
 8. 2 
 
 
 g" 3 
 
 
 H D. 2 
 
 
 g 8 
 
 
 1 P. 2 
 
 
 " 3 
 
 ; 
 
 INFIN. 
 
 XcXvK^-vai 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 XcXvK(&C. .KULd. -leAe. 
 
 769. Perfect Middle System 
 of Xv« (see next page). 
 Middle and Passive. 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 X^v-}j,ai 
 
 XcXu-o-ai 
 
 XcXv-rai 
 
 X^Xv-(r6ov 
 
 X^Xv-crOov 
 
 XcXv-ficOa 
 
 XAv-o-Oc 
 
 X^Xv-vrai 
 
 PLUPERFECT. 
 l-XcXv-|Jlt]V 
 
 l-X^Xw-o-0 
 
 i-\iKv-<r9ov 
 i-\(\{i-a-9r]v 
 ^-X(Xv-|xc6a 
 ^X^Xv-o-Oc 
 
 ^-X^Xw-VTO 
 
 PERFECT 
 
 XcXv-|i^vos 
 
 X€Xv-}i^VOS 
 XcXu-fi^VOS 
 
 XcXv-{ii^v(o 
 
 XcXv-|X^V(D 
 
 XcXv-|x^voi 
 XcXv-|ji^voi 
 XcXv-|A^voi 
 
 XcXv-ft^vos 
 
 XcXv-f&^vos 
 
 XcXv-fji^vos 
 
 XcXv-|ji{v(i> 
 
 XcXv-fi^vu 
 
 XcXv<-|i^voi 
 
 XcXv-|i^voi 
 
 XcXv-|A^VOl 
 
 T 
 
 CD 
 
 » 
 TITOV 
 
 tJtov 
 
 TJTt 
 
 <tr]v 
 ettjs 
 
 Ctt) 
 
 «Itov or ci!T)Tov 
 
 «tT6 «tTJT€ 
 
 tUv tXr\a-av 
 
 > 
 
 ►I 
 
 s 
 
 
 X^Xv-cro 
 
 XcXv-(r8(i) 
 
 X^Xv-<r6ov 
 
 XcXv-or0(i)v 
 
 X^Xv-<r0€ 
 
 XcXv-(r8(i)v 
 
 XcXv-(r6ai 
 
 XcXv-|i^vos, -T|, -ov 
 
 O 
 
 << 
 H 
 
 a. 
 
 INFIN 
 PARTI 
 
r 
 
 
 [768 
 
 "OJ /J^i. 
 
 ystem 
 
 Perfect Middle System 
 
 ')■ 
 
 of \«« (continued). 
 
 K. 
 
 Middle and Passive, 
 
 ECT, 
 
 KUTURK I'ERKECT. 
 
 t]V 
 
 s« 1 XcXv(ro-)iai 
 
 
 
 2 XfXv(rci 
 
 9 
 
 > 3 X€X\»<r€-Tai 
 
 6ov 
 
 5 i>. 2 XtXdo-co-eov 
 
 9r]v 
 
 2 3 X€X«<r€-<r0ov 
 
 i6a 
 
 2 P- 1 X€Xvo-6.|ic0o* 
 
 h 
 
 2 X(Xv<rc-<r0c 
 
 3 XcXvo-O-VTCil 
 
 ro 
 
 
 s. 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 fc: 3 
 
 
 O D. 2 
 
 
 1 3 
 
 
 »^ -^ 
 
 
 g P. 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 s« 1 XcXv(ro(-|xnv 
 
 
 2 XcXvcoi-o 
 
 
 w 3 XcXvo-oi-ro 
 
 
 K ». 2 XeXwo-oi-o-Oov 
 
 )r ctTJTOV 
 
 H 3 XeXwo-ot-o-fltjv. 
 
 tlVJTTJV 
 
 o P. 1 X€Xv<ro(.|ji€0a 
 
 C<It)(1,CV 
 
 2 XcXvo-oi-cOc 
 
 €llJT€ 
 
 3 XcXvo-oi-vro 
 
 ittjo-av 
 
 8. 2 
 
 
 > 3 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 5 D. 2 
 
 
 « q 
 
 
 S J^. 2 
 
 INFLECTION OF VEEBS. 
 
 241 
 
 iNFiN. X«Xd!r€-!r9ai 
 
 PARTIC. X€Xv<ri.|l«V0S, 
 
 -n, -ov 
 
 770. First Passive System 
 of Xv(i). 
 
 FIRST AORIST. 
 
 i-\v9r\-v 
 
 i-XvQx] 
 c-Xv6t)-tov 
 
 €-Xv0^-TT)V 
 
 «-Xv6tj-r€ 
 ^-Xv0Tj-<rav 
 
 XvOw 
 
 Xv9^S 
 XvOfi 
 
 Xv9fj-T0V 
 XvO{)>TOV 
 
 XvOu-fuv 
 
 Xv0ti-T€ 
 
 Xv0il)(ri 
 
 Xv0cCt)-v 
 
 Xv0c(t|-s 
 Xv0€(ti 
 Xv0€i.Tov or Xv0€(tj.tov 
 
 Xv0€f.TtJV Xv0€l^.TTIV 
 XV0€1-H€V Xv0c(tJ-|JI€V 
 
 Xv0ei.Te Xv0€(i,.T€ 
 Xv0€i€-v Xv0€(i).<rav 
 
 Xw0tj-Tl 
 
 Xv0^-Tft» 
 
 Xt)07J-TOV 
 
 Xv0^-T«V 
 
 Xv0TI-T€ 
 
 XvQi-vTov 
 Xvd^.vai 
 
 •4p 
 
 Passive. 
 
 FIRST FUTURE. 
 
 Xv0^(ro-iiai 
 
 Xw0^£r€i 
 
 Xv0^ac-Tai 
 
 Xv0^<rc-(r0ov 
 
 Xv0^o-c-o-0ov 
 
 Xii0T|(r6-)i(0a 
 
 Xw0^o-€-<r0e 
 
 Xv0V](rov-Tai 
 
 XvOi](ro(-|ii)v 
 
 Xv0i^(roi-o 
 
 Xv0^<roi-To 
 
 Xv0^(ro(,.or0ov 
 
 Xv0t)(ro(-(r0T]v 
 
 Xv0T)<ro£-)i(0a 
 
 XvOyjo-oi-(r0f 
 
 Xv9^(roi-vro 
 
 <r 
 
 Xv0i^(rc.cr0ai 
 Xv9i]<rtf-|tcvos, 
 
 -n, -ov 
 
 X 
 
242 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 [771 
 
 i( 
 
 !M 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 H 
 
 (J 
 
 n 
 b 
 <» 
 
 > 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 771. 
 
 s. 
 
 D. 
 
 I). 
 
 H 
 
 IN FIN. 
 PAKTIC. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 p. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 s. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 
 p. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 s. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 p. 
 
 Future System of Liquid 
 Verbs: (f>a(v(a (0av-), show 
 
 Active. Middle. 
 
 FUTURE. 
 
 (|>avu 
 
 <j>avcts 
 
 ()>av€i 
 
 <}>aV€l-TOV 
 
 <^avci-Tov 
 4>avov-|j,cv 
 <{>avci-Tc 
 <t>avovo-i 
 
 <|>avov-fiai 
 (|>avci 
 
 <j>OV€l-Tai 
 
 4>av€i-o-6ov 
 
 <|>avci-(r6ov 
 
 <{>avov-|icOa 
 
 (t>avci-(rOc 
 
 4>avov-vTai 
 
 772. First Aorist System of Liquid 
 Verbs : ^oivm {<pav-), show. 
 Active. Middle. 
 
 FIUST aorist. 
 
 ^avoir\-v or <(>avoi-|ii i|>avo(-fiT)v 
 
 <(>avo '.tj-s 4>avoi-s 4>avoi-o 
 
 <|>avoCt] <|>avoi (|>avoi-To 
 
 <|>avoi-Tov (|>avoi-(rOov 
 
 <|>avoC-Ttiv it>avot-(r6T]v 
 
 (j>avoi-|Acv (|>avoC-fic9a 
 
 <j>avoi-r€ (|>avoi-(r6€ 
 
 ^avoU-v <f>avoi-vTO 
 
 <|>avciv 
 4>avwv, -ov<ra, 
 
 -ovv 
 
 <)>avci-(r9ai 
 
 <j>avov-|uvos 
 -TI, -ov 
 
 €-<j)TJva 
 
 c-4>7]va-s 
 
 C-({>T]V€ 
 
 l-<j>T]Va-TOV 
 
 ^-<}>TJvd-TTJV 
 
 ^-4>ifva-|i,cv 
 
 €-<j)T)Va-T€ 
 
 «-<|)Tjva-v 
 
 <J>T1VX|S 
 
 <|>TJvtJ-TOV 
 <j>TivT|-TOV 
 (|>T)V(l>-|iCV 
 <|)Tfv^-T€ 
 
 <|>T)vci)(ri 
 (}>T]vai-|ii 
 
 l-(|>T]vd-)i,T)V 
 
 4-4>ifjv(i) 
 
 ^-<j>T]va-Te 
 
 l-({>T]va-(rOov 
 
 ^-4>Tjvd-o-9Tjv 
 
 l-(t>i]vd-)ic6a 
 
 4-<j>T]va-o-0c 
 
 C-(f>T|va-VTO 
 
 (j>T]V())-)iai 
 
 <}>TlVtl 
 <j>TfvTJ-Tai 
 
 <J>TivT]-(r0ov 
 «j>T]VTj-<r0ov 
 (|>T)v(&-)ic6a 
 
 <j>TJvtJ-<r9€ 
 (|>T]V<tf-VTai 
 
 <{>T)Va(-|J.T]V 
 
 <|>T|vcia-s, ^ijmi-j <|>T]vai-o 
 <|>Tiv€i€, ^^rat <j>Tjvai-TO 
 
 <|>ifvai-Tov 
 
 <|>T)Va(-TT]V 
 
 ()>T]vai-|icv 
 
 (|>T|Vai,-TC 
 
 4>T]vai-o-9ov 
 (|>T]vaC-o-9T]v 
 <|>T]va(-|ic9a 
 <f>T]vai-ar9€ 
 
 <|>ifvcia-v, (p'^vaie-v <)>T]vai-vTO 
 
 (|>f|vai 
 
 4>i)vd-<r9<i> 
 
 <|>ifva-<r9ov 
 
 (^T)vd-(r9(av 
 
 <|>T]va-a-9e 
 
 <|>T)vd-o-9cov 
 
 «|>i]va-(r9ai 
 
 ^vd-)wvos, 
 -Tj, -ov 
 
 (|>f]VOV 
 
 4>i)vd-rM 
 <|»Tjva-Tov 
 
 <|>T]vd-T(i)V 
 
 (j>T|Va-TC 
 
 4>T]vd-VT«V 
 
 <)>f)vai 
 
 <|»^vas, -aara, 
 -ov 
 
[771 
 n of Liquid 
 
 V-), SHOW. 
 
 Middle. 
 
 (T. 
 ■({>1]vd-)tT)V 
 
 <|)Tiva-Te 
 
 (}>Tjva-<r8ov 
 
 <})Tjvd-(r9Tiv 
 
 4>i]vd-)ic6a 
 
 <j>T]va-o-0€ 
 
 <(>tJvo-vto 
 
 T]V(i)-|iai 
 
 n'vTj-Tai 
 nvT]-<r6ov 
 rjvTj-o-Oov 
 r)V(&-)ic6a 
 
 ]V<tf-vTai 
 
 1va(-|i,T]v 
 
 |vai-o 
 
 |vai-TO 
 
 |vai-o-6ov 
 
 |voC-o-8t)v 
 
 |va(-|ic6a 
 
 [vai-crOc 
 
 |vai-vTO 
 
 vai 
 
 vd-<r9<i> 
 
 va-<rflov 
 
 vd-orOwv 
 
 va-o-Oc 
 
 i/d-<r6ci>v 
 
 va-o-dai 
 
 Kd-)MVOS, 
 
 ij, -ov 
 
 774] 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 HS 
 
 H 
 
 s 
 
 00 
 
 g? 
 
 H 
 
 773. 
 
 D. 
 
 P. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 Second Aorist System 
 of Xctirw (XtTr), LEAVE. 
 Active. Middle, 
 
 second aorist. 
 
 ^-Xiiro-v 
 
 S-Xiire-s 
 
 €-\iir€ 
 
 i-Xltrt-Tov 
 
 i-\itri-rr\v 
 
 l-X(iro-|jicv 
 
 4-X£ir€-T€ 
 
 €-Xiiro-v 
 
 D. 
 
 s. 1 Xfirci) 
 
 2 XCirns 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 XCiroxri 
 
 Xfirg 
 
 Xfinj-vov 
 
 XCin]-Tov 
 
 XCir(i>-|j,cv 
 
 X(in]-T€ 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 p. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 X£iroi-|jii 
 
 X(iroi,-s 
 
 XC-rroi 
 
 X(rroi-Tov 
 
 Xiirof-Tnv 
 
 X£iroi-ficv 
 
 XCiroi-Tc 
 
 XCiroic-v 
 
 s. 2 Xfirc 
 
 3 Xi,ir^-ro> 
 
 D. 2 XCirc-Tov 
 
 3 Xiir^-Tuv 
 
 P. 2 X(irc-T€ 
 
 3 Xiird-vTwv 
 
 INFIN. Xiireiv 
 
 4-Xi'ird-|i,T)v 
 
 e-X£irou 
 
 l-X(ir«-TO 
 
 i-Xtir€-«r0ov 
 
 l-Xiir€-(r9T)v 
 
 ^-Xiir6-)i€6a 
 
 ^-X£ir€-<r9e 
 
 ^-X(iro-vTO 
 
 X(ir(i;-)iai 
 
 Xfiq] 
 
 X(irtj-TOi 
 
 Xlirri-trOov 
 
 Xdrn-jrOov 
 
 Xiiru-|ic9a 
 
 XCinj-orOe 
 
 XCirw-vrai 
 
 XiiroC-)iT)v 
 
 XCiroi-o 
 
 Xtiroi-TO 
 
 XCiroi-crOov 
 
 Xi,7ro(-(r9T)v 
 
 XiiroC-ficOa 
 
 XCiroi-trOc 
 
 X(iroi-vTO 
 
 Xiirov 
 
 Xiir^-orOo) 
 
 XCirc-trOov 
 
 Xiir^-o'Oaiv 
 
 X{irc-o-6( 
 
 Xiir^-(r0a>v 
 
 Xiir^-o-Oai 
 
 PARTic. Xiw(iv, -ofi<ro, Xfir(S.(i€vos, 
 
 774. Second Perfect System 
 
 of XcClTM (Xtir), LEAVE. 
 
 Active. 
 
 SECOND PERFECT. SECOND PLUP. 
 
 X^Xoiira 
 
 X^Xoiira-s 
 
 X^Xoiirc 
 
 XcXoCira-Tov 
 
 XeXotira-Tov 
 
 XcXoCira-|icv 
 
 XcXo(ira-TC 
 
 XcXoCirSo-i 
 
 i-XcXoClTT) 
 
 ^-XcXo(iri)-s 
 
 4-XcXoCirci 
 
 l-XeXo£ir«-Tov 
 
 ^-XeXoMr^-TT)v 
 
 4-XcXo(irc-|Jicv 
 
 4-XcXoCirc-Tc 
 
 ^-XcXoCTTf-irav 
 
 SECOND PERFECT. 
 
 XcXoCiro) 
 
 XcXoCirgs 
 
 XcXotirg 
 
 XcXo(inf)-rov 
 
 XeXofmj-Tov 
 
 XcXoCiTM-ftev 
 
 XcXofirrj-Tc 
 
 XcXoCiroxrii 
 
 XcXo(iroi-|Ai 
 
 XcXo(iroi-s 
 
 XcXo£iroi 
 
 XcXo(iroi-Tov 
 
 XcXoiiro(-Tnv 
 
 XcXo(iroi-)icv 
 
 XcXo(iroi-Tc 
 
 XcXo(iroic-v 
 
 XcXoiiritfSy -vCa, 
 •6t 
 
. 
 
 ill 
 
 III 
 
 tf^ 
 
 244 
 775. 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 S5 
 
 f^ 
 
 p 
 
 as 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 H 
 O 
 
 D. 
 
 P. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 s. 
 
 P. 
 
 P. 
 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 INFIN. 
 PARTIC. 
 
 INDIC. 
 OPT. 
 INFIN. 
 PARTIC. 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS, 
 
 Perfect Middle System of Labial Mute Verbs; 
 Xtliru (Kiir), LEAVE. 
 
 [775 
 
 Middle 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 (XeXet7r-/tot) XAcifi-fiai 
 (XcXetTT-o-ot) XAcit|/ai 
 (XcXciTT-rat) XAciirrat 
 (XeXctTT-o-^ov) X^XcMJj-eov 
 {\€\enr-(reov) XiXa^.Qov 
 (XeXenr-fxeea) XeX€(ji.|A«0a 
 (XcXctTT-cr^e) X^Xci<{>-ec 
 (XeXct7r-/ici/oi) XeX€iji.p,^voi 
 ct<r( 
 
 and Passive. 
 
 PLUPERFECT. 
 
 ii-\e\enr-<ro) k.\i\(i^o 
 (^-XcXetTT-To) i-XiKdir-TO 
 
 {i-\e\enr-<rdv^) €-X€X€£<j).et|v 
 (^-XcXetTT-Aie^a) ^XeXcCn-fwOa 
 i^-XeXeiv-ade) i-XiXti^.Qe 
 {XeXeiir-fxevoi) XtXciji-n^vot 
 T)<rav 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 (XeXetTT-^cpoj) X€X€1(i.h,^vos tS, efc. 
 
 (XcXftTT-^eVw) X€X€l^.^l€'v« ^TOV, CtC. 
 
 (XeXenr-fxevoi) \(\(iy..y,ivoi Jlniv, etc. 
 
 (XeXeiir-fxevoi) 
 (XeXenr-fievu) 
 (XcXetTT-^tevot) 
 
 {XeXenr-<ro) 
 
 (XeXenr-aOu) 
 
 {XeXenr-ffdov) 
 
 (XeXeiir-ffduv) 
 
 (XeXeiir-ffde) 
 
 {XeXeiir-ffduv) 
 
 XeXciii-nsVos cttjv, e<c. 
 XcXcifi-iA^vd) elrov, eic. 
 XcXci|jL-|i^voi eliwv, efc. 
 
 X^Xcit|fo 
 
 XcXcC({>-0ci> 
 
 X^Xci(|>-6ov 
 
 X€Xc((f>-9a>v 
 
 X^ci<|>>Oc 
 
 XcXcC<f>-9(i)v 
 
 (XeXctir-cr^at) XeX€i<j).0ai 
 
 (XcX«7r-/te«/os) XeXeiji-^^vos, -rj, -ov 
 
 FUTURE PERFECT. 
 
 (XeXenr-ffo-fiai) X«X«(\|/o-|Aai, etc. 
 
 (XeXeiir-aoi-fxriv) XcXiMJ/ot-jiTiv, etc. 
 
 (XeXei'ir-{Ti!-iTffni\ V<V./.i.. — /i_. 
 
 (XcXetjr-<ro-/te«)s) X«X€ig/6-jMvos, -i], -ov 
 
[775 
 
 777] 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 245 
 
 H 
 
 M 
 
 ^5 
 
 776. Perfect Middle System of 
 
 Palatal Mute Verbs : 
 
 ft-yw (dy), LEAD. 
 
 Middle and Passive. 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 s. 1 (■^y-iMn) T)Y-|Aai 
 
 2 {^y-arai) rigai 
 
 3 (^7-Tot) TJK-rai 
 D. 2 (^7-(r^ov) TJX-0OV 
 
 3 (riy-ffdov) ^X'Oov 
 
 p. 1 {T/y-fieda) V[y-\u9a 
 
 2 (^T-cr^e) ^X'^* 
 
 3 {■^y-/Mvoi) T|Y-)ii^voi clort 
 
 PLUPERFECT. 
 
 s. 1 ivy-M") iJY-Rv 
 
 2 (iiy-ffo) ^^0 
 
 3 (^7-To) rJK-TO 
 D. 2 (i^Y-cr^ov) Tjx-Oov 
 
 3 {-fiy-ffd-nv) tix-Otiv 
 
 p. 1 {rfy-fifda) x^-i-^tQa. 
 
 2 (i77-<r^e) TJx-ee 
 
 3 {iiy-iievoi) r\y-^vo\. rjo-av 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 SUBJV. (^7-/uei'os) TJY-|ji^vos «, eic. 
 OPT. {riy-ficvo$) TJY-K-^vos etrjv, efc. 
 
 s. 2 (^7-<ro) ^go 
 
 3 (^7-(rew) t)x-0o> 
 
 n. 2 (T77-(r»oj') •qx-^ov 
 
 3 {-qy-ffdtav) i^x-Owv 
 
 p. 2 {i)y-<Tee) Tix-Oe 
 
 3 (^7-(7-^«i' ifX-Ouv 
 
 INFIN. (rty-adai) TJx-Oai 
 
 PARTic. {fiy-fi(vo$) TJ-y-fji^vos, -tj, -ov 
 
 No FUTURE PERFECT. 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 777. Perfect Middle System of 
 Lingual Mute Verbs: 
 
 irc(8w (TTt^), PERSUADE. 
 
 Middle and Passive. 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 (Treiret^- 
 (ireTret^- 
 
 ■mi) 
 
 "(TOt) 
 
 ■Tat) 
 
 -(T^OJ') 
 
 -0-^0 ;/) 
 ■/xeda) 
 ■ade) 
 
 ir^ircKT-iiai 
 TT^irci-orai 
 
 ir^ir€i-<r6ov 
 ire'irci-a-Oov 
 irc-irc((r-|i«6a 
 
 (7re7r«^-/ifi'ot) ircircior-jt^voi cl(rl 
 
 PLUPERFECT. 
 
 (^-?re7rci0-/i?jj') 4-ircirc(o'-f&T)v 
 {i-ireireid-ffo) i-iti'itti-a'o 
 (i-TreTreid-To) i-ir(ir(i<r-TO 
 {i-ir€Trei6-cr6ov) l-ir^irci-oOov 
 (i-Treireid-adrji') l-ircircC-o-OTiv 
 {i-TreTr€i0-fi€0a) ^-ircirc(ar-|ic6a 
 {i-ir€r€i6-(T6e) k-iriirti-o-Qt 
 (i-rreireid-fjievoi) ircirci(r-|ii^voi T)(rav 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 (ireTreid-inevos) ircircKr-iJi^vos w, etc. 
 
 {Treireid-fiepos) ir€irci(r-|i^vo$ ctrjv, etc. 
 
 {treireid-ao) triirn-a-o 
 
 {iretreiO-ffOu) ircirc(-(r8a> 
 
 (ireTreLff-ffdov) w^ir€i-o-6ov 
 
 (ireireid-a-Owp) ireireC-o-fiwtv 
 
 (weveid-ffSe) Wirci-o-Oc 
 
 {ireTreid-a-duv) ircircC-(rOc0V 
 
 {treireid-adai) ircirci-(rOai 
 
 (TreTTeiff-ixevos) ircirci(r-|ji^vos, -rj, -ov 
 
 No FUTURE PERFECT. 
 
 .-St 
 
 'il 
 

 I 
 
 iri I 
 
 246 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS, 
 
 [778 
 
 778. Perfect Middle System of Liquid 
 
 Verbs : crWWu (crreX), SEND. 
 Middle and Passive. 
 
 
 D. 
 
 P. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 INFIX. 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 c(rTa\-|jiai 
 c<rraX-(rai 
 €<rTaX-Toi 
 «erTaX-9ov 
 co-raX-Oov 
 co-Td\-|iicOa 
 co-ToX-Oc 
 ^(TTaX-fi^voi 
 ct(r( 
 
 PLUPERFECT. 
 liTTdX-JAIJV 
 
 Iv-raX-o-o 
 
 CO-TOX-TO 
 CCTToX-Oov 
 
 ^crTdX-0T)v 
 ^<rTdX-|ic6a 
 It~oX-0€ 
 ^crraX-|i^voi 
 ryrav 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 
 8. 
 
 
 4(rTaX-|i^vos w, e^o. 
 
 b3 
 
 D 
 P. 
 
 
 ^<rTciX-|i,^v«> iJtov, etc. 
 ^orTaX-fiivoi wp^v, e^c. 
 
 i 
 
 H 
 
 S. 
 D. 
 
 
 4<rraX-|i^vos etriv, etc. 
 ^o-ToX-fii^vw ctrov, etc. 
 
 1 
 
 P. 
 
 
 lo-ToX-iA^voi, f tjAcv, etc. 
 
 
 S. 
 
 2 
 
 loToX-o-o 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 ^(rrdX-Ow 
 
 H 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 
 lo-raX-Oov 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 ^orrdX-Owv 
 
 At 
 
 P. 
 
 2 
 
 loTToX-Oc 
 
 M 
 
 
 3 
 
 ^(rrdX-Ouv 
 
 lo-rdX-Oai 
 
 co-raX-iJi^vos, -t), -ov 
 
 No FUTURE PERFECT. 
 
 779. Pel feet Middle System of 
 Liquid Verbs: <|>a(v(D (^a./), show. 
 
 Middle and Passive. 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 ir^^tair-iiai 
 
 "ni^a.v-roA 
 ir^(j>av-9ov 
 ir^<{>av-Oov 
 ir«|>do--ficOa 
 ir^<|>av-Oc 
 irc<|>ao--|i^voi 
 €l<r( 
 
 PLUPERFECT. 
 4-irC({>do'-(iT)V 
 
 €-ir^<})av-TO 
 4-Tr^({>av-8ov 
 ^-irc(|>dv-6T]v 
 ^irc<j>d<r-|jKOa 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 irc<|>ao--|i^vos », etc. 
 irc({>a(r-)j,^vc;> tITov, etc. 
 irc<)>a(r-)i^voi u|a(v, etc. 
 
 irc<t>a(r-|i^vos etrjv, e<c. 
 irc<^ao--)i^v(i> €tTov, etc. 
 'irc(f>a(r-|A^voi eljAcv, etc. 
 
 irc(|>dv-C(o 
 
 ir^cliav-Oov 
 
 irc<(>dv-0(i)v 
 
 ir^<}>av-9€ 
 
 irc(j>dv-0(av 
 
 'irc<|>dv-6ai 
 
 irc(f>ao- ,u€vos, -i], -ov 
 
 No FUTURE PKKFECT. 
 
[778 
 System of 
 
 iv), SHOW. 
 
 8IVE. 
 
 PERFECT. 
 
 i{>av-ro 
 
 ij>av-8ov 
 
 ij>Av-6t]v 
 
 JMior-fjicOa 
 
 |>av-0c 
 
 trcLv 
 
 etc. 
 etc. 
 
 etc. 
 etc. 
 etc. 
 
 780] 
 780. 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 CQ 
 
 » 
 
 D. 
 
 P. 
 
 S. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 n. 2 
 3 
 
 J'. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 s. 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 •J 
 
 V. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 s. 2 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 p. 2 
 
 3 
 
 s. 
 
 o p. 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 Second Passive System of o-t^Xw (areX), send. 
 
 247 
 
 Passive 
 
 T. 
 
 INI IN. 
 PARTIC. 
 
 SECOND AORIST. 
 
 ^-o-tAXtj-v 
 
 ^-o-tAXtj-s 
 
 I-ottAXtj 
 
 I-o-tAXtj-tov 
 
 l-<rTaX^-TT]v 
 
 ^-0'tAXt|-|ACV 
 
 I-c-tAXt|-t€ 
 l-<rTAXtj-<rav 
 
 croXu 
 araX'gs 
 
 ITToXfj 
 
 (TToXfj-TOV 
 
 OPToXf^-TOV 
 
 (rTaXM-|j,cv 
 
 (TTaXtj-Te 
 
 <rTaKu<ri 
 
 o-TttXcftj-v 
 
 (rTaX€(t]-s 
 
 o-TttXcftj 
 o-ToXct-Tov or (rTaXc(i)-Tov 
 <rTaX€£-Tt]v orTaXci^-Ti)v 
 o-raXct-fAcv <rTaXc(T)-)uv 
 <rTaX€i-T€ o-raXcCTi-rc 
 
 o-raXcic-v <rTaXc(T)-(rav 
 
 <rTAXt]-9i 
 
 0"TOX'^-T« 
 
 o"tAXtj-tov 
 o-TaX^-T«v 
 o-tAXtj-tj 
 
 (TTaX^-VTWV 
 
 o-raX^-vai 
 o-raXcts, -cwra, -iv 
 
 SECOND FUTURE. 
 
 <rTaX^o'o-|&ai 
 <rraX^o-(i 
 crraX^o-c-rai 
 trraX'^o-c-a'Oov 
 
 (TTOX'^O'C-O'OOV 
 
 <rTaXt](r6-)i€9a 
 
 orToX^o-c-o-dc 
 
 o'ToXi^o'o-vTai 
 
 <rraXT]<ro(-|j.T|v 
 o'TaX'<](roi-o 
 
 (TToXl^O'Ol-TO 
 (TTOX'^O'OI-O'OOV 
 
 «rTaXt|<roC-cr9t|v 
 (rTaXT)o-o(-fic9a 
 (rTaX'^(roi-(r9c 
 (rTaX^(roi-vro 
 
 <rTa\^(rc-(r9ai 
 trToXiicrd-iicvos, -n. -ov 
 
248 
 
 INFLECTION OF X^EIiliS. 
 
 [781 
 
 781. 
 
 Present System of tIjiAw, honor. 
 
 Active. 
 
 PRFSKNT. 
 
 
 s. 1 
 
 (rr/utfw) 
 
 Ti|JlW 
 
 
 2 
 
 {rifidds) 
 
 Ti»i$S 
 
 • 
 
 u 
 
 3 
 
 {rinda) 
 
 Tin$ 
 
 
 I). 2 
 
 (rifxdeTov) 
 
 TijiOTOV 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 (Tl/ldtTOP) 
 
 TinoTOv 
 
 Jr. 
 
 1'. 1 
 
 {Tindo/x€p) 
 
 TlfiUfUV 
 
 
 2 
 
 {rifideTf) 
 
 TifXttTI 
 
 
 8 
 
 {rlfidovai) 
 
 Ti)iwori 
 
 MiDDi.K and Passivb. 
 
 PRKSKNT. 
 
 (rifido/xai) 
 
 {rlfidd) 
 
 {ri/xdiTai) 
 
 {rindeffOop) 
 {Tlfide<rd»v) 
 
 {Ttfia6fj,eOa) 
 
 (TifideaOe) 
 
 {rifidovTai) 
 
 Tiftdrai 
 
 TifiacrOov 
 Tif/ido-Oov 
 
 Tlfid(r9c 
 Tifiwvrai 
 
 IMl'KRKKCT. 
 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 I). 2 
 
 {irt/iderov) 
 
 
 I'. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 {erifidofiep) 
 
 (irt/xdeTe) 
 
 (irtnaop) 
 
 irt\i.uv 
 
 ^TlfiOTOV 
 ^Tip,dTC 
 
 IMPERFECT. 
 
 (iTifiadfirip) ^TintSfJitjv 
 
 {^TifideTo) ^Tifidro 
 
 (irifideffeop) Irifido-Oov 
 
 (iTtnaiffOrfp) iTl^Atr9i\v 
 
 (irlfmhixtda) Irl^&^Qa. 
 
 i^Tifxdea-de) ^Tindcrflc 
 
 {irlfidoPTo) ^TinwvTO 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 In 
 U 
 
 b 
 u 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 p. 1 
 
 9 
 
 (rTixdu)) 
 
 (Tindvi) 
 
 {rindv) 
 
 {TifidyjTOp) 
 
 (Tl/xdjJTOp) 
 
 {rTudconev) 
 /-r.,^_ \ 
 
 \' 'f.<.u.7}izf 
 
 {Tifidwai) 
 
 TlfiW 
 
 Tindrov 
 
 TifJldTOV 
 
 Tl|iW|JKV 
 TifiOTC 
 
 (rifidwuai) 
 
 (Tifidr)) 
 
 {TifidrjTai) 
 
 {rliJLd-qffdov) 
 (rlixdj^adop) 
 
 {rlfiadfieffa) 
 {rlfidupTai) 
 
 Tifi,drai 
 
 Tifid(r9ov 
 Tiiido-Oov 
 
 Ti)id<r6c 
 Tifiuvrai 
 
 
[781 
 
 781] 
 
 INFLECTION OF VEliliS. 
 
 249 
 
 Present System of Tifidw, iionou (continued). 
 
 1< 
 
 V. 
 
 H 
 < 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 I 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 i>. '^ 
 
 V. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 Active. 
 
 I'KKHKNT. 
 
 (rj/xdot/ii) 
 
 (rlfjidoii) 
 
 {rifidoi) 
 
 (rifjidoiTou) 
 {TifxaolTfju) 
 
 {Ti/J.doifJLfv) 
 
 (rifidoiTe) 
 (rifjidouv) 
 
 or 
 {Tifiaolrjv) 
 {Tifiaolrjs) 
 {rtfiaolri) 
 
 (rinaolriTov) 
 
 (Ti/iOOt7}T7JJ') 
 {Tt/J.aolT)fl€v) 
 
 (TifiaolrjTe) 
 {rlfxaolrjaav) 
 
 TlfliJiTOV 
 Tlfio/TYIV 
 
 Ti|i$TC 
 
 or 
 
 Ti)lcp'T]S 
 Ti|J|,ta*T) 
 
 [Ti(H{)TJTOV 
 Tifi(i>T]TC 
 
 Ti|i(pT](rav] 
 
 Mii>i)M.; and rAHsivE. 
 
 I'KKHKNT. 
 (rt/udoio) Tifii^o 
 
 (TlfldoiTo) Tt|A^TO 
 
 {TifidoiaOop) Tifi,^o-6ov 
 {Tlfiaol<T0r]v) Tifjiu/o-Oifv 
 
 {Tlfiaolfj.f0a) Tl(i(^'|i«6a 
 {TiixdoKxOc) Tijjiyo-e* 
 
 (Tt/UciotJ/To) Tt|Jl4)VTO 
 
 S. 
 
 D. 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 A* 
 
 INFIN. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 (rt/ia^Tw) Ti|iiiTci> 
 
 (TrMderoj/) TifittTov 
 
 (rtiuo^Twj') Ti|iaT(i>v 
 
 (rt^dere) TinoT€ 
 
 {rlfiahpTwv) ti|jiwvt(i)v 
 
 (rlndciv) Ti|jiav 
 
 1 . 
 
 M. 
 
 {rifidwv) 
 
 TltlUV 
 
 H 
 
 F. 
 
 {r'lfxdovaa) 
 
 Tifiwo-a 
 
 Ph 
 
 N. 
 
 {rlfidov) 
 
 Tifi,WV 
 
 (rt/idou) 
 
 (TlfJLa^(T6u) 
 
 (rifidea-Oov) 
 {Tlixaiadwv) 
 
 {rifideade) 
 {rlfiaiffdoiv) 
 
 Ti|i]i(r9<d 
 
 TiiidcrOov 
 TifjiiiorOwv 
 
 Tifido-Oc 
 Ti|Aii(rO{i)V 
 
 {Tinde<r0ai) Tinoo-flat 
 {rlfxadfievov) Ti)i<6|Acvov 
 
 
250 
 
 iNFi.KvvioN OF \ i<:nits. 
 
 1782 
 
 7H2. 
 
 Proient *»vst<'ni of itoUm, no, ma mi;. 
 
 ArrivK. 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 I'HKS 
 
 cNr. 
 
 
 'J 
 
 8 
 
 
 iroitCt 
 iroiit 
 
 H 
 
 5 
 
 i>. 2 
 
 (roi/rror) 
 (roi/ffoi') 
 
 iroiitrov 
 iroiitrov 
 
 r. 1 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 (iroi/o/ufi') 
 (*-oi^i'(r«) 
 
 troioOfMv 
 
 iroiitrt 
 
 iroioOo-i 
 
 
 
 IMrKIMKl'T. 
 
 
 ». 1 
 a 
 
 {iwofrov) 
 
 Inolovv 
 
 •2 
 
 
 {iwoi/rrov) 
 
 Jiroiftrov 
 4iroit(rt]v 
 
 
 i\ 1 
 
 {iiroifov) 
 
 Jiroio6|i«v 
 4iro(ovv 
 
 
 
 rUKSKNT. 
 
 M 
 
 s. 1 
 
 Mi 
 
 8 
 
 
 iroici 
 
 iroiijs 
 
 jr. 
 
 m 
 
 
 (?rot«');roi') 
 
 iroif^TOv 
 
 r. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 iroiwjMv 
 iroicMn 
 
 Midhi.k iiiiiI Tanhivk. 
 
 rillCSKNI'. 
 
 {iroUtrai) 
 
 {woi^KTlhv) 
 
 {wotrftfifOa) 
 (woUnr (ff) 
 (woidovrai) 
 
 1TOl» 
 
 iroiiirai 
 
 iroi«((r9ov 
 iroiitirOov 
 
 iroiov^(9a 
 
 iroi«t<rO« 
 
 irotoOvrai 
 
 IMI'KUriJT. 
 
 (^iro(r6;Ut;i>) 
 (ihoUovTo) 
 
 4iroiov|ii)v 
 
 ^iroioO 
 
 Jiroi«tro 
 
 4iroi<C<r9ov 
 Iiroi<((r0i]v 
 
 4iroiov)&tOo 
 
 4iroi«t(rO< 
 
 4iroioCvro 
 
 IMIKSKNT. 
 
 (woi^Wjiiai) 
 
 iroiw(jiai 
 
 {iroU]l) 
 
 iroiii 
 
 {roUtjTai) 
 
 iroif^Tai 
 
 (iro{f't;iTr^i') 
 
 iroii^o-Oov 
 
 (7ro«^t;(T(^oi') 
 
 iroifjo-6ov 
 
 {Trottd>in(t)a) 
 
 iroi(6)i«9a 
 
 (iroi^ijfftff) 
 
 •n-oi<\or9f 
 
 {iroUuvrai) 
 
 iroiMvrai 
 
 
L7R2 
 
 7H2I 
 
 iNi'LKarioy (>// vKum. 
 
 251 
 
 Prosent System of woUw, im», makk ((Miiitinuid). 
 
 
 o 
 
 n. 
 
 i>. 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 H. 1 
 
 2 
 
 i: I.. 
 
 H 
 
 o .. 
 
 2 
 
 ;i 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 AirriVK. 
 
 niKNKNI'. 
 
 (iroi/<u|i() 
 
 (irot^otf) 
 
 (iroUoi) 
 
 {irvifoiTQv) 
 {noi(oLTr)v) 
 
 {iroihnntv) 
 (woUoiTt) 
 ( " oUouv) 
 nr 
 
 (irotfo/»;s) 
 (iroifolf)) 
 
 {woieolrjrou) 
 (jrotfoi ^r-qi') 
 
 {iro.folrj^itf) 
 
 (rroifoly]Tf) 
 
 {voifolrjiTap) 
 
 { iroiot|Ai 
 iroiott 
 
 TTOlot I 
 
 iroiotrov 
 iroioCnjv 
 
 iroiotfMv 
 
 iroiotrt 
 
 iroioUv 
 
 or 
 
 iroio(i)v 
 iroio(T)« 
 ■n-oioitj 
 
 |iroioCt)Tov 
 TroioiVJTTjvJ 
 
 I iroio{T|)ii«v 
 iroio£tjT« 
 iroioCr]o-av] 
 
 MiiiMi.K ;iii(l I'asnivI'. 
 
 niKHKNT. 
 
 (noifol^iTjv) 
 
 (iru(/M(o) 
 
 (froi/oiTo) 
 
 (noUoiffOov) 
 (iroitolffOrjv) 
 
 {ir ouolfieOa) 
 
 (voi^oiffOe) 
 
 {noUoiuTo) 
 
 Troio()iT)v 
 
 iroioto 
 
 iroiotro 
 
 iroioC(r6ov 
 'Troio((r6T|v 
 
 iroio()M9a 
 
 iroioIo-Oi 
 
 iroiotvTO 
 
 9! 
 
 H. 2 
 
 3 
 n. 2 
 
 I'. 2 
 3 
 
 INI-IN. 
 
 
 (irotf/rw) 
 (jrot/fToi') 
 
 (iroii'ere) 
 (7rotf6i^rwi') 
 
 irodi 
 iron(T«» 
 
 troutrov 
 •noitlriav 
 
 irontTi 
 troiovvTwv 
 
 (irnUeii^) irOiitv 
 
 M. 
 
 {wot/iop) 
 
 iroit&v 
 
 K. 
 
 {froiiovaa) 
 
 ifOioCcru 
 
 N. 
 
 (roUov) 
 
 trokoOv 
 
 (jrote/(T^w) 
 
 (iroUtaOe) 
 {iroifiar6u)v) 
 
 iroioO 
 iroii(<rOia 
 
 ■rroi«£<r9ov 
 
 iroi«t(rO( 
 iroKCirOwf 
 
 {■rroUeaOai) iroictorOai 
 
 {voubijxvoi) iroiov^- voi 
 
 {irouoaivri) iroiovfj.4vi) 
 
 {iroiebfitvov) iroiovfuvov 
 

 INFLh'CTllKW OF VFIiHS. 
 
 [783 
 
 78;i. 
 
 Present System of StiX<i«, manikkht. 
 ArrivK. 
 
 THKHKNT. 
 
 u 
 
 8. I 
 
 2 
 
 i) 
 
 
 
 
 i>. 2 
 3 
 
 (^77\6fTo»') StjXoutov 
 (SrjXdtrov) StjXoOtov 
 
 /, 
 
 1'. I 
 2 
 3 
 
 iSr)\6oinei>) StjXoOfiiv 
 (5vX6fTf) 8tiXo0t« 
 {dv\6ov<ri) 6t)Xo0o-i 
 
 IMPKHIKri'. 
 
 N 
 
 ^. 1 
 2 
 
 
 H 1 
 
 < 
 
 ». 2 
 
 ;5 
 
 
 i:' . 
 
 . 1 
 
 2 
 
 {iSvMonfv) <8ijXo{)(i«v 
 
 rUKSKNT. 
 
 s. 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 (5»;X6j;j) 8i)Xois 
 {SrjXdj}) StjXoI 
 
 1 ■•• 
 
 BO 
 
 3 
 
 (57;X677To»') 8t)XwT0v 
 (ST/X^Tjroj') 8tiX«tov 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 (Sr)\6wfxfv) 8tjX«(i«v 
 (5j;X67;Tf) 8iiX«t€ 
 
 MiDDM.; and I'ahsivk. 
 thkhknt. 
 
 {SrjXdtTai) 
 
 {St}\6taOov) 
 
 (Srj\o6fxefla) 
 
 {SrjXdtfffff) 
 
 (Sr)\6ovTai) 
 
 8i)XoC}/iai 
 
 8T]Xot 
 
 8T)XoCTai 
 
 8T|XoC(r6ov 
 8Y)Xo0(r0ov 
 
 8T]XovfMea 
 
 St]XoC(r0( 
 
 OT]X6vvTai 
 
 iMi>KHFic(yr. 
 
 {iSrjXodfiijp) 
 
 (fSrjXdov) 
 
 {idr)\6(To) 
 
 (iSrjXdeaOov) 
 
 {iSr)\o6fx(0a) 
 {idr)\6ovTo) 
 
 iSr\Kov\ir\v 
 
 J8t)XoO 
 
 ^8tjXoOTO 
 
 ^8t]Xovo'0ov 
 ^8T]Xov<r0i)v 
 
 ^8T)Xov|i(0a 
 
 ^8t]Xov(rdc 
 
 ^8i)XovvTO 
 
 I'KESENT. 
 
 {SrjXSwimai) 
 
 {5T]\6r]Tai) 
 {Si}\6r}(T0ov) 
 
 8T|Xw|iai 
 
 8t]XoI 
 
 8i)XuTai 
 
 8T)Xco(rOov 
 8i]Xw(r8ov 
 
 3 
 
 
 (SrjXoiifieea) 8tjXwn«ea 
 {Sr}\6i]<rft€) 8tiXwo-0« 
 {5T}\6wvTai) 8i)XwvTai 
 
 g 
 
1783 
 
 7«3] 
 
 INFLKCriON OF VEliUH, 
 
 Present System of 8t)\6m, manifest (continued). 
 
 258 
 
 Active. 
 
 
 
 
 rUKSK 
 
 NT. 
 
 • 
 
 H, 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 {Sr]\6oifii) 
 (StjXdois) 
 
 1 St)Xot|ii 
 8t|Xois 
 St]XotJ 
 
 > 
 
 H 
 •< 
 
 l» 
 
 . 2 
 
 (Sr)\6oiTov) 
 {SriXoolTrjv) 
 
 8T)X0iT0V 
 8tjXo£TTJV 
 
 o 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 {SrjXdoiTt) 
 (Sr]\6oi(v) 
 
 or 
 
 8T)X0l|i«V 
 
 8iiXoiT< 
 8t)Xoi«v 
 
 or 
 
 w 
 
 8. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 {Sr)\oolr)t>) 
 {SrjXooirji) 
 {dr]Xooir]) 
 
 8t)Xo(t|v 
 8t]Xo(t]9 
 8y)Xo(i) 
 
 > 
 
 H 
 
 I>. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 (SijXoolrjTov) [8T)Xo(t)TOV 
 {8r}XooiiflTr)v) 8t]Xoii^tt)v] 
 
 o 
 
 V. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 (SrjXoolrjiJLev) [^i]\o(.r\\uv 
 {Sr}XoolT}T() Sr\\olr]Tt 
 {driXoolr}(Tav) 8i]Xo(T]<ravJ 
 
 £4 
 
 S. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 (SrJXoe) 
 (SriXo^Tu) 
 
 8'^Xou 
 8T]XovTa» 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 I>. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 {Sj]X6€Tov) 
 {SrjXo^Twu) 
 
 8TjXoiiTov 
 
 8'l]X0VTWV 
 
 ?! 
 
 P, 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 {dr)X6€Te) 
 {dTjXodyruv) 
 
 StjXoCtc 
 
 8t]X0VVT«i>V 
 
 INFIN. 
 
 
 {Sri\6€iv) 
 
 St]Xo€v 
 
 H 
 
 0. 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 N. 
 
 
 {5r)X6u)v) 
 
 {dijXdovira) 
 
 {Sr]X6ov) 
 
 8T|Xti>V 
 
 C_.\ - f. 
 
 8t]Xovv 
 
 Mn»i)i-E and 1'ashivk. 
 
 i'UKBKNT. 
 
 {Sf}Xoolfirfi') 8t)Xo()it)v 
 («5t;X6o«o) 8t]Xoio 
 
 {8r]X6oiTo) Si)XoiTO 
 
 {S7)X6ot<T(fov) 8T)Xoi(r0ov 
 (StfXoolaOtjp) Sr\\oitr9r\v 
 
 {SrjXool/xeOa) Sr\\oi\u9a 
 (87]X6otaOf) hr\\ol(r9t 
 {Sr)X6oivTo) 8t]Xoivto 
 
 {Sr)\6ov) 
 (SrjXo^aOu)) 
 
 {dr}X6ta0ov) 
 {drjXo^aSwv) 
 
 {SvXSeaee) 
 {drjXoiffdwp) 
 
 8t|Xov 
 8T]Xovcr6<i» 
 
 8T]Xov(r0ov 
 8T]Xovar6(i>v 
 
 8T)Xovar0i 
 8t]Xovo'6wv 
 
 (S-nXSeaOai) Sr\\ova-9a\. 
 
 {Sr)Xo6fi€voi) 8t)Xov|j,cvos 
 
 {drjXoo/xdvri) Br\Kov\kivr\ 
 
 {drfXodfJLevov) 8t]Xov)icvov 
 
 
254 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 [784 
 
 784. 
 
 Verbs in ML 
 Present System of rWrmi (Se), 
 Active. 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 ■< 
 
 c 
 
 I>. 
 
 H 
 
 n 
 
 to 
 
 D. 
 
 8. 
 
 
 
 D. 
 
 P. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 INFIN. 
 
 vPRESENT. 
 
 Tf-9rj-s 
 T(-0tj-<ri 
 T£-0e-Tov 
 rl-6(-rav 
 
 TC-6«-|i€V 
 
 tC-0€-t« 
 
 imperfect. 
 ^tC-0tj-v 
 
 ^tI-0€IS 
 
 i-rl-Q(-Tov 
 
 ^-Tl-0^-TTJV 
 
 i-rL-dt-Tt 
 «-Tt-0t-(rav 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 TI-0W 
 
 Tl-0fjs 
 
 Tl-0^ 
 
 Tl-0f^-TOV 
 
 Tl-0ti-TOV 
 
 Tl-0io-ficv 
 
 Tl-0lJ-T€ 
 
 TI-0WO-1 
 
 Tl-0€£tJ-V 
 
 Tl-0€(tJ-S 
 
 Tl-0€fTI 
 TI-0CI-TOV or Tl-9(ll]-T0V 
 Tl-0€C-Tt]V Tl-e«lfj-TtJV 
 
 Tl-0€i;-(i€V 
 
 Tl-0€£-T£ 
 
 Tl-0€l«-v 
 
 Tl-0«(tJ-(l€V 
 
 TI-0€(t|-T€ 
 
 Tl-0€(TJ-<rOV 
 
 Ti-0et 
 r(-0c-rov 
 
 Tl-0^-TWV 
 
 Tt-0«-T« 
 
 Tl-0^-VT«V 
 
 ri.9l 
 
 vai 
 
 PLACE, PUT. 
 
 Middle and 
 
 PRESENT. ■ 
 
 T(-0c-|iai 
 T(-0e-<roi 
 
 T(-0€-Tai 
 
 T£-06-<r0ov 
 t(-0£-o-0ov 
 Ti-0^-|it0a 
 
 T(-0£.<r0€ 
 
 T(-Oc-vTai 
 
 Passive, 
 imperfect. 
 
 J-Tl-0i-fiT)V 
 
 i-rl-Qt-a-o 
 i-rl-dtro 
 
 I-t(-0£-o-0ov 
 i-Ti-Q4-<rQr\v 
 
 l-Ti-0^nt0a 
 
 €-T(-0€-or0« 
 «-t(-0€-VTO 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 Ti-Offs, -€i<ra, -^v 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 Ti-0w-)tat 
 
 Tl-0^ 
 Tl-O^-Tttl 
 
 Tt-Oi]-(r0ov 
 Ti-0fi-<r0ov 
 Ti-0w-ntaa 
 
 Ti-0t]-<r0€ 
 Ti-Ow-vrai 
 
 Tl-0c{-)it]v 
 
 Tl-0€l-O 
 
 Tl~0iE-TO 
 
 Tl-0«t-o'0OV 
 
 Tl-0££-o-0tJV 
 
 Ti-O€f-(i«0a 
 
 Tl-06r T0« 
 TI-0CI-VTO 
 
 T(-0€-o-o 
 
 Ti-0^-(r0<i> 
 
 TC-0€-<r0ov 
 
 Ti-a€'-<r0«v 
 
 T£-0€-<r0e 
 
 Ti-0^or0wv 
 
 T£-0(-o-0ai 
 
 Tl-0^-HCVOS, -TJ, -OV 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 n 
 to 
 
 so 
 
 U 
 
 O 
 
 
[784 
 
 786] 
 
 SSIVE. 
 PKRFECT. 
 ri-6i-(iTjv 
 rl-9t-<ro 
 
 ■i-9tTO 
 
 ■{-0£-<r0ov 
 x-9i-ar9r\v 
 
 (-0«-o-e« 
 
 t-0€-VTO 
 
 -OV 
 
 785. 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 Verbs in ML 
 Present System of S(S«>|ai (5o), give. 
 
 255 
 
 , Active, 
 present. imperfect. 
 
 
 S. 1 
 
 8{-8(i)-|jii M(-8ovv 
 
 
 2 
 
 8£-8«-s l-8t-8ovs 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 8(-8(i>-<ri ^•-8(-8ov 
 
 •< 
 
 D. 2 
 
 8(-8o-Tov 4-8C-8o-rov 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 8£-8o-Tov l-8i-S6-TT|v 
 
 S5 
 
 p. 1 
 
 8l-8o-|Acv ^-8(-8o-|iicv 
 
 
 2 
 
 8(-8o-Tc «-8£-8o-Te 
 
 
 3 
 
 8i-86-oo-i c-8(-8o-irav 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 
 s. 1 
 
 8i-8a> 
 
 • 
 
 M 
 
 2 
 
 8i-8$s 
 
 3 
 
 Si-Su 
 
 o 
 
 D. 2 
 
 8i-8«-Tov 
 
 W-* 
 
 3 
 
 8i-8«-Tov 
 
 C2 
 
 p. 1 
 
 8i-8u-)iicv 
 
 00 
 
 2 
 
 Sl-Su-TC 
 
 
 3 
 
 8i-8a>o'i 
 
 
 s. 1 
 
 Si~8o(t)-v 
 
 
 2 
 
 8i-8o(tj-s 
 
 ■ 
 
 > 
 
 3 
 
 8i-8o(t| 
 
 1-4 
 
 D. 2 
 
 81-80I-TOV or 8i-8oCt)-tov 
 
 H 
 
 3 
 
 8l-8o(-TT)V 81-801VJ-TTIV 
 
 O 
 
 p. 1 
 
 8i-8oi-n€v 8i-8oCn-n«v 
 
 
 2 
 
 8i-8oi-T€ 8i-8oCtj-t€ 
 
 
 3 
 
 81-80U-V 8t-8otT|-<rov 
 
 
 s. 2 
 
 8(-8ou 
 
 > 
 
 3 
 
 8i-86-T«a 
 
 
 D. 2 
 
 8(-8o-TOV 
 
 
 3 
 
 8i-8d-Twv 
 
 
 p. 2 
 
 8C-80-TC 
 
 
 3 
 
 Ol-So-VTWV 
 
 ivri.N, 
 
 Si-8<i-vai 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 81-80VS, -ovora, -dv 
 
 
 
 
 Middle 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 8(-8o-)iai 
 
 8(-8o-<rai 
 
 8C-8o-Tai 
 
 8(-8o-or0ov 
 
 8(-8o-<r0ov 
 
 8i-86-|ic0a 
 
 8C-8o-o'9c 
 
 8(-8o-vTai 
 
 and Passive. 
 
 IMPERFECT. 
 
 4-Si-8iS-fiT]v 
 
 ^-8 (-80-0*0 
 
 4-8£-8o-To 
 
 |-8(-8o-4r0ov 
 
 ^-8i-86-o-0t)v 
 
 c-8i-86-|M0a 
 
 l-8t'8o-o'0c 
 
 €-8(-8o-VTO 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 8i-8w-|Aai 
 
 8i-8(j) 
 
 Si-Sw-rai 
 
 8i-8t«-o-0ov 
 
 8i-8(a-o'0ov 
 
 Si-8u-)&c0a 
 
 8i-8w-o'0c 
 
 8i-8(i)-vrai 
 
 81-80 (-)iT)V 
 
 81-801-0 
 
 81-801-To 
 
 81-801-o'Oov 
 
 8i-8oC-or0Tjv 
 
 8i-8o(-|M-0a 
 
 8i-8oi-o-0c 
 
 81-801-VT0 
 
 SC-Bo-co 
 
 81-86-0*0(0 
 
 8 (-80-0*00 )> 
 
 8i-86-o*0wv 
 
 8(-8o-o*0c 
 
 8i-8o-o*0a>v 
 
 8 (-80-0*001 
 
 •I :\ 
 
 81-86- 
 
 JMVOS, -T), -OV 
 
256 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERIiS. 
 
 [780 
 
 »4 
 
 > 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 H 
 
 U 
 
 H 
 
 ■< 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 u 
 
 H 
 «< 
 K 
 W 
 
 Oh 
 
 78«. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ;{ 
 
 2 
 
 ;j 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 n. 2 
 
 1). 
 
 s. 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 I>. :;! 
 
 3 
 
 INFIN. 
 
 rAKTlC. 
 
 Verbs in MI. 
 Present System of Xtrrr\\Li (ara), sk 
 
 AOTIVK. 
 rilKSKNT. IMl'KKKECT. 
 
 V'-orTTj-m 
 t-OTTtl-S 
 
 i'-<rTTi-<ri 
 
 inrTO-TOv 
 
 i-<rTa-TOv 
 
 Xhtto-hiv 
 
 X-orra-T* 
 
 i-flrrdo-i 
 
 l-<rrr\-v 
 
 l-tf-TTJ-S 
 
 {-o-TTi 
 ?-<rTa-Tov 
 l-o-Td-Ttjv 
 l-«rTa-)x<v 
 
 ?-0rTO-T€ 
 
 l-<rTO-<rav 
 
 PKESENT. ; 
 
 i-<rr& 
 
 l-CTf^-TOV 
 i-0"TfJ-TOV 
 
 i-<rTto-)jicv 
 
 i-CTweri 
 
 l-<rTo(ti-v 
 
 i-CTodj-s 
 
 l-a-ralt] 
 l-<rTat-Tov or l-o-Tofrj-Tov 
 l-o-ra£-TT]v l-<rra\.i\-Tr\v 
 
 l-o-Tat-|i(v 
 
 IHTTOt-T* 
 
 i-Q-raU-v 
 
 l-o-TttCri-iifv 
 l-o-TaCri-T* 
 
 l-OTTOtlJ-O-OV 
 
 X-a-Tr\ 
 
 l-<rr&-r<a 
 
 X-<rra-TOv 
 
 l-trrA-ruv 
 
 i-arra-rt 
 
 i-<rTd-VT«v 
 
 l-crrd-vai 
 
 l-o-Tlfcs, -d<ra, -dv 
 
 r, MAKE RTANl). 
 
 Mii>i)i,E and Tassivk. 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 I'-o-ra-nai 
 
 V-o-ra-o-oi 
 
 V'-OTTO-Tai 
 
 I'-CTO-o-Oov 
 
 IMl'EKKECT. 
 
 i-o-Td-nt|v 
 t-o-TO-cro 
 
 l-CTTO-TO 
 
 l-<rTa-<r9ov 
 
 i-o*Ta-<r0ov i-o"Td-<r0Tjv 
 
 Uorrd-ficOa i-a-Td-)A(Oa 
 
 li'-crTa-<r0€ i-<rTa-<r8« 
 
 i'-crra-vTai {nrra-vTO 
 
 I'KESENT. 
 
 l-(rT&-|iai 
 
 l-flTTfj 
 
 t-o-Tfj-rai 
 
 i-irri\-<r9ov 
 
 l-«rT'f)-er0ov 
 
 l-<rT4)-<r0€ 
 
 l-0"Tfi-VTOl 
 l-0"Ta(-|l,T)V 
 
 l-<rTot-o 
 
 l-o-Ta£-TO 
 
 l-<rTat-<r0ov 
 
 l-o-xaC-orOnv 
 
 i~3-rai-\kt9a. 
 
 i-a-rai-o-Qt 
 
 l-O-Tttt-VTO 
 
 l'-<rTo-<ro 
 l-<rTd'<r0<«) 
 
 V'-CTTO-O-OOV 
 
 l-crrd-aOwv 
 
 V-<rTO-<r0€ 
 
 l-o-rd-o-Owv 
 
 t-<rTO-<r6ai 
 
 l-«rTd-|A€»'OS, -Tj, -ov 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
[780 
 
 787] 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 257 
 
 48IVK. 
 
 KKKCT. 
 
 .-HTIV 
 
 ,-<ro 
 
 .-TO 
 
 i-o-Oov 
 .-crOi^v 
 -)i<8a 
 
 -VTO 
 
 H 
 
 ■< 
 
 Q 
 'A 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 00 
 
 H 
 
 787. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 .*{ 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 i>. 
 
 H 
 
 o p. 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 
 d 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 
 1'. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 s. 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 p. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 8. 2 
 3 
 
 n. 2 
 3 
 
 p. 2 
 3 
 
 ti, -ov 
 
 INKIN. 
 PAKTIC. 
 
 Vkhhs in mi. 
 Present System of 8<(KvQ|ii 
 
 ACTI 
 PIIRSKNT. 
 S<(K-<VV-|ii 
 
 8c(k-vv-« 
 
 8f(K-VV-<ri 
 
 8«Ck-w-tov 
 8«£k-w-tov 
 
 8cCK-VV-)i<V 
 
 8c(K-vv-rc 
 8«iK-vv-a(ri 
 
 VK. 
 
 I MPK UK KOT. 
 4-8((k-VV-V 
 
 4-8<{k-vv-s 
 
 4-8€tK-VV-TOV 
 
 ^-8<iK-vv--n)v 
 
 l-8c(K-VV-f&CV 
 
 ^-8<(k-vv-t« 
 l-8c(K-vv-o'av 
 
 I'KKHENT. 
 8ciKv{)(i> 
 
 SciKVt&DS 
 
 SciKVV]] 
 
 8ciKviilfT0V 
 
 8ciKVVY)T0V 
 
 8ciKVV(i>)iCV 
 
 8eiKVUTJT€ 
 
 8ciKVVAI(ni 
 
 8ciKVV0lfi,l 
 SciKVVOlS 
 SciKVVOl 
 8«IKVV01T0V 
 
 8cikvuo(tt|v 
 
 8ciKVV0lfXCV 
 
 8ciKVV0lTC 
 
 8ciKVV0l(V 
 
 8c(k-vv 
 
 8«iK-vv-rci> 
 
 8«(k-vu-tov 
 
 8ciK-VV-T<i)V 
 
 8«Ck-vv-t« 
 
 8€IK-VW-VT«V 
 
 8ciK-vv-vai 
 8«iK-vds, -Ooro, -iv 
 
 (SeiK), SHOW. 
 Middle 
 
 PUESENT. 
 
 8ctK-vv-(jiai 
 
 8cCK-vv-(rai. 
 
 8c(K-vv-Tai 
 
 8c(K-vv-(r0ov 
 
 8c(K-v\Mr9ov 
 
 8<iK-vv-fi(8a 
 
 8<(k-vv-o-9< 
 
 8<(K-vv-vTai 
 
 and Passive. 
 
 imi'ekke<;t. 
 i-8cik-vv-)j,t)v 
 
 i-htlK-VV-O-O 
 
 4-8<(k-vv-to 
 4-8c(k-vv-o-6ov 
 J-8ciK-vv-(r6T)v 
 '-8ciK-vv-|i(6a 
 
 4-8€tK-VU-VTO 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 SllKVV^ 
 8(lKVVT]Tai 
 
 8ciKvvTjcr6ov 
 
 8ciKvvi](r0ov 
 
 8ciKvvu)i(0a 
 
 8iiKvvi](r9c 
 
 8<iKvv<i»vTai 
 
 8ciKVV0(fiT)V 
 
 8ciKVVOlO 
 
 8ciKVVOlTO 
 
 8ciKvvoi(r6ov 
 8(iKvvo{<r9T)v 
 8ciKvvo()u9a 
 8tiKvvoi(r9e 
 
 8ciKVVblVTO 
 
 8€£K-w-<ro 
 
 8(iK-vv-<r9a> 
 
 8((K-vu-ir9ov 
 
 8ciK-vv-<r9ci>y 
 
 8(C>c-w-<r9i 
 
 8<iK-viLi-n^c>>y 
 
 8«(K-vv-(^ai 
 
 8<IK-H>-|MV0S, -t|, -ov 
 
 h 
 
 
258 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 [788 
 
 Verbs in MI. 
 
 788. Second Aorist System 
 
 of Tt9T]Hl (tfe), PLACE, PUT. 
 
 
 
 
 Active. 
 
 
 Middle. 
 
 
 S. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2-0OV 
 
 • 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 l-0e-TO 
 
 P 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 
 ?-0€-TOV 
 
 
 S(-0c-(r9ov 
 
 55 
 
 
 3 
 
 1-0^-Tqv 
 
 
 ^0^-<T0nv 
 
 
 
 P. 
 
 1 
 
 c-Oe-iuv 
 
 
 4-0^-|icOa 
 
 ►H 
 
 
 2 
 
 g-9€-T« 
 
 
 e-0€-<r0e 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 c-Oc-o-av 
 
 
 2-0C-VTO 
 
 
 S. 
 
 1 
 
 ej) 
 
 
 Ow-)iai 
 
 • 
 
 
 2 
 
 e^s 
 
 
 eft 
 
 g 
 
 
 3 
 
 e^ 
 
 
 6f)-TOl 
 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 
 9f\-T0V 
 
 
 0fi-<r0ov 
 
 (s; 
 
 
 3 
 
 0fj-TOV 
 
 
 0f^-<r0ov 
 
 C3 
 
 P. 
 
 1 
 
 6u-|icv 
 
 
 O(&-|u0a 
 
 X 
 
 
 2 
 
 0fi-T€ 
 
 
 Of)-<r0c 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 0u(ri. 
 
 
 Ou-vrai 
 
 
 S. 
 
 1 
 
 0c(ii 
 
 -V 
 
 OcC-,u.i)v 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 0cCtj-s 
 
 e€iH> 
 
 • 
 
 
 3 
 
 0€(l) 
 
 
 6ct-T0 
 
 > 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 
 0€t-Tov or 
 
 0«£tl-TOV 
 
 Oct-oOov 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 0€C-TT|V 
 
 0ei'^-Ttiv 
 
 0cC-cr0i]v 
 
 0L| 
 O 
 
 P. 
 
 1 
 
 0Cl-||i€V 
 
 0c(t|-|MV 
 
 0c(-|ic0a 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 0€l-T€ 
 
 0€£tJ-T€ 
 
 0ci-<rOc 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 0CIC-V 
 
 ©eCtj-^av 
 
 0CI-VTO 
 
 
 S. 
 
 2 
 
 0^-s 
 
 
 OoO 
 
 'A 
 
 > 
 
 
 3 
 
 0^a> 
 
 
 d^-orOw 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 
 0^-TOV 
 
 
 64-ir0ov 
 
 
 3 
 
 0^~T«V 
 
 
 64-<r0(av 
 
 P. 
 
 2 
 
 0^-TC 
 
 
 e^-o-ec 
 
 l-( 
 
 
 3 
 
 0<-VT«V 
 
 
 64-<r9o)v 
 
 INFIN. 
 
 
 Ocivai 
 
 
 64-<r9ai 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 9c(s, Octo-o 
 
 I, e^v 
 
 04-|&(vos, 
 
 -tj, -ov 
 
 ^. Second Aorist ^ 
 
 System 
 
 of 8(8a))&i 
 
 (5o), 
 
 GIVE. 
 
 Active. 
 
 
 
 Middle. 
 4~86-)jiT]v 
 e-8ou 
 e-80-TO 
 
 l-So-TOV 
 
 
 
 c-8o-<r0ov 
 
 l-86-njv 
 
 
 
 4-86-O-0TJV 
 
 c-8o-)icv 
 
 
 
 l-86-)M0a 
 
 l-8o-T« 
 
 
 
 €-8o-o-0« 
 
 c-SoHrav 
 
 
 
 I-80-VT0 
 
 8w 
 
 
 
 8c»-|iai 
 
 8$s 
 
 
 
 8$ 
 
 8$ 
 
 
 
 Sw-rai 
 
 8u-T0V 
 
 
 
 8(d-<rOov 
 
 8«-T0V 
 
 
 
 8«-<r0ov 
 
 8w-|jicv 
 
 
 
 8<&-)icOa 
 
 8u-TC 
 
 
 
 8M-O-0C 
 
 8uo-i 
 
 
 
 Sw-vrai 
 
 8o(ii 
 
 -V 
 
 
 8oC-|iT)V 
 
 8oCi)-s 
 
 
 801-0 
 
 8o(t) 
 
 
 
 8oi-To 
 
 Soi-Tov or 
 
 8o£n- 
 
 TOV 
 
 8oi-or0ov 
 
 Sot-Ttjv 
 
 801^)- 
 
 Tt^V 
 
 8o(-o-6tiv 
 
 8oi-)jicv 
 
 8o(i]- 
 
 |1CV 
 
 8oC-|xc0a 
 
 8ot-TC 
 
 8o(t]- 
 
 T€ 
 
 8oi-or0c 
 
 801C-V 
 
 8oLT)-<rav 
 
 801-vTO • 
 
 86-s 
 
 
 
 80V 
 
 86-T« 
 
 
 
 8d-a-0u 
 
 84-Tov 
 
 
 
 8d-or0ov 
 
 86-Tcav 
 
 
 
 36-<r0a>v 
 
 U-Tt 
 
 
 
 86-o-Oc 
 
 8«S-vT«v 
 
 
 
 8<i-o-6wv 
 
 8ovvai 
 
 
 
 86-aOai 
 
 80VS, 8ovc-a, 86 
 
 -V 
 
 86~|i«vos, 
 
 
 
 
 -il,-o» 
 
 H 
 < 
 H 
 
 P 
 
 §9 
 
[788 
 
 iystem 
 
 GIVE. 
 
 Middle. ' 
 c-Sou 
 
 C-So-TO 
 
 C-80-0-60V 
 
 l-86-O"0TJV 
 
 l-86-)uOa 
 
 €-8o-o-9« 
 
 I-80-VT0 
 
 8c»-|jiai 
 
 8$ 
 
 8»-Tai 
 
 Sw-cGov 
 
 8u-<r6ov 
 
 8(&-|icOa 
 
 Sa-a-9t 
 
 Su-vrai 
 
 8oC-(it]v 
 
 801-0 
 
 8oi-To 
 
 8ot-or0oy 
 
 8o(-o-6t]v 
 
 8oC-|xc0a 
 
 8oi-a-6c 
 
 801-vTO 
 
 80V 
 
 Sd-cOo) 
 
 8d-or8ov 
 
 36-o'06>v 
 
 86-crOc 
 
 8<i-o-Gttv 
 
 86-a6ai 
 
 86~|«vos, 
 
 792] 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 259 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 n 
 
 so 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 
 p, 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 s. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 3 
 
 p. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 8. 
 
 H 
 
 P P. 
 
 
 D. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 790. Second Aorist 
 System of 
 
 VcnjUl {(TTO), SET. 
 
 Active, 
 second aor, 
 €-<rTtj-v, stood 
 
 6-0-TT]-S 
 
 €-(rTtj 
 
 w 
 
 €-(rTTJ-TOV 
 4-<rTlfj-TTJV 
 C-(rTT)-|iCV 
 l-<rTt|-T€ 
 
 J-o-TTj-cav 
 
 0"T« 
 OPT^S 
 
 O"T^-T0V 
 
 0"TfJ-TOV 
 
 0-T«-H«v 
 
 OTfj-T€ 
 
 O-Tfici 
 
 o-to(tj-v 
 
 CTOftl-S 
 O-ToCtJ 
 OPTttl TOV or 0-TatT]-TOV 
 
 (TTaf-TTjv (rrai^-rriv 
 
 orai-iAcv orTaCT]-p,cv 
 
 o-Tdi-Tc o-TaC«;-rc 
 
 o-Tai«-v o-Ta(T)-(rav 
 
 o-TfJ-Gi 80-01 
 
 ^*'i ^"ov Sv-TOV 
 
 O-T^-TWV 8l).TWV 
 
 otA-vt«v Si»-w«v 
 
 iNFiH. trrtj-vai 
 
 PABTIC. oTlis, oTwra, crrd-v 
 
 791. Second 
 Aor. System 
 
 of 8w«, ENTER. 
 
 Active, 
 second aor. 
 2-8U-V 
 €-8v-s 
 «-8v 
 
 S-Sv-TOV 
 «-8v-TTJV 
 
 c-8\)-|icv 
 
 C-OV-TC 
 
 c-8u-o-av 
 
 8v(a 
 8iixis 
 
 8iiTJT0V 
 8vt)T0V 
 
 8vw)iev 
 Svwo'i 
 
 8v-VOi 
 
 80s, 8vo-a, hv-v 
 
 792. Second Perf . System 
 without Suffix of 
 
 toTtJIAl (o-ra), SET. 
 
 Active. 
 
 SECOND PERF. SECOND PLUP. 
 
 ^-CTO-TOV 
 C-CTd-TTJV 
 ^-0-TO-H«V 
 JI-O-TO-TC 
 
 jf-cra-o'av 
 
 2-0"Ta-T0V 
 C-O'Ta-TOV 
 2-0-Ta-J4€V 
 
 l-o-Too-i 
 
 SECOND PERFECT. 
 
 i-a-rSt 
 
 «-o-T^s 
 c-o-Tfi 
 
 €-0"TTi-TOV 
 
 €-0-Tf).TOV 
 
 C-CrT«i)-|X€V 
 
 l-O-Tf^-TC 
 
 C-OTTWO'l 
 
 «-o-Ta(r-v 
 l-o- Ta£T]-s 
 i-o-To£tj 
 i-o-Tot-Tov or l-o-rattj-Tov 
 
 €-0-Ta{-TTJV I-O-TGIIJ-TTJV 
 
 €-OPTai-(JltV 
 
 c-o-rai-rc 
 l-0"Tate-v 
 
 t-o-Ta(t]-(Aev 
 
 €-0"T0(tJ-T6 
 
 c-o"Ta(T)-<rav 
 
 ?-<rTa-Gi 
 I-otA-tw 
 
 2-OTO-TOV 
 l-OTd-T«V 
 l-O-Tft-TC 
 
 6-a^A-vTft>v 
 
260 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 [793 
 
 luKKr.iiLAK Verbs in MI. 
 
 793. otSa {15), KNOW. 
 
 Active, 
 skconl) i'kuk. skconi) im.up. 
 
 'A 
 
 H 
 
 at) 
 
 I). 
 
 I>. 
 
 S. 
 
 u 
 
 •-I D. 
 
 •< 
 H 
 
 O 1'. 
 
 I>. 
 
 H 
 
 u 
 
 t V. 'Z 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 :i 
 
 2 
 
 :i 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 INFIK. 
 
 olSa ^'8ti or •n'Bciv 
 
 ol<r6a f|8T]0-9a or ^'8ci(rOa 
 
 ol8€ ■n8€i or xJStiv 
 
 ixrrov ijcrTOv 
 
 t(r|JLCv tfo'K-*'' 
 
 i!(rS(rt ^<rav or 'gScirav 
 
 SECONP IMvKKECT. 
 «l8u I 
 
 (I8xjs 
 «l8Ti 
 
 cl8{)TOV 
 
 c18{)tov 
 
 (l8w|JtiCV 
 
 c18{)tc 
 clSwo-i 
 
 ci8c(T)v 
 cl8cC'ns 
 
 clSciTOV 
 €18€CtTJV 
 
 cl8«?|icv or cl8c(T]p.cv 
 (l8ciTC €18c(t]tc 
 
 (tScicv cl8£(T|<rav 
 
 I'o-Oi 
 I'erroi 
 
 toTTOV 
 I'O-TC 
 
 IVtwv 
 
 7J)4. <|)ti|aI (0a), 8 AY. 
 Active. 
 
 rUESENT. 
 
 (t>xjs or (^^s 
 <}>aT6v 
 
 <|>aT^ 
 
 PRESENT. 
 <p(i) 
 
 «|)f\TOV 
 (|>f]TOV 
 4>b>|J.CV 
 <)>f)T( 
 
 <{>u(ri> 
 
 <t>aCTiv 
 
 <|>atT]S 
 
 <{>aCT] 
 
 ()>atTov or 4>a(T)TOv 
 
 4>a£TT]v jj"*''''^'''^*' 
 
 ()>ai(icv 4>aCT|(j.cv 
 
 <|>aiT€ (}>aCi]T(' 
 
 4>aicv ()>a£T|(rav 
 
 (t>a9( or ()>d0i, 
 (|>dT(i> 
 4>d'.-ov 
 4>dT(av 
 
 4>dTC 
 
 <i>dvT<av 
 (fidvak 
 
 IMI'EKEECT. 
 
 S(4>iio-6a or 24>t)s 
 2({>aT0V 
 
 4()>dTT)V 
 
 c(t>aTc 
 c<{>a(rav 
 
 C4 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 PARTic. «i8«i5, clSvta, el8<is, gen. ct86ro9, cfc. 
 
[793 
 
 796] 
 
 INFLECTION OF VEUUS. 
 
 g? 
 
 O 
 'A 
 
 795. 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 I). 2 
 
 3 
 r-. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 M 
 
 ►• 
 
 3 
 
 (-i 
 
 
 
 I). 2 
 
 ;<^ 
 
 
 kj 
 
 3 
 
 •ti 
 
 
 n 
 
 r. 1 
 
 OD 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 8. 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 «' 
 
 3 
 
 t» 
 
 
 
 D. 2 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 &> 
 
 
 o 
 
 V. 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 s. 2 
 
 (4 
 
 3 
 
 M 
 
 
 H 
 
 i>. 2 
 
 K 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 
 I-. 2 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 2G1 
 
 IMI>KHI'ECT. 
 
 Trregular Verhs 
 
 «lt*t (^(T), UK. 
 
 Active. 
 
 I'HKSKNT. 
 
 M Tj or ifv 
 
 T 
 
 tjv . 
 
 Tio-Tov or iJtov 
 
 tjo-TtJV ^TTJV 
 
 ijo-av . 
 
 I'KESKNT. 
 » 
 CD 
 
 ♦ 
 
 n 
 
 11T0V 
 TJTOV 
 W|ACV 
 TIT€ 
 
 wori 
 
 IN MI. 
 
 <<rT£ 
 
 io-riv 
 
 la-r6v 
 
 cl<rt 
 
 ftrov or cl'i]Tov 
 
 tl^TtJV ct^TIJV 
 
 Co-di 
 itrna 
 ia-rov 
 itrruv 
 
 €<rTC 
 CCTUV 
 
 ctvai 
 «Sv, oiaa, «v, gen. iVros, e^c. 
 
 TOO. «r|ii(/), GO. 
 
 rUESKNT. 
 
 ct 
 
 «lcri 
 Ktov 
 trov 
 
 tfMV 
 
 irt 
 
 Active. 
 
 imi'eui'ect. 
 Tia or |i«iv 
 
 BTOV 
 TJTf 
 
 ^Vav or |if€«rov 
 
 I'KESENT. 
 
 tw 
 
 ttJTOV 
 
 Htjtov 
 
 K<0|ACV 
 
 tiJTi 
 
 two*!. 
 
 toim or lolr\v 
 tois 
 toi 
 
 i'oirov 
 (oCrtjv 
 
 l'oiT« 
 Koicv 
 
 tOi 
 trov 
 
 •<:t€ 
 
 (dVTWV 
 
 Uvai 
 l«v, lovo-a, tdv, gen. tdvros, e£<?. 
 
262 
 
 i 
 
 797. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 Active, 
 pres. imi'erf 
 
 frjiw 
 
 !,,v 
 
 Itis 
 
 t». 
 
 ITJO-l 
 
 {<i 
 
 ICTOV 
 
 l€TOV 
 
 IcTOV 
 
 Utiiv 
 
 fcfjicv 
 
 IC)MV 
 
 ICTC 
 
 «UT« 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 Irregular verbs in MI. 
 
 llffil (^), SEND. 
 
 Mn>. and Pass. 
 
 I'KES. IMI'ERF. 
 UfiT)V 
 
 [797 
 
 iccrai 
 icrai 
 
 ico-o 
 
 l€TO 
 
 iccrdov ico-Oov 
 tcirOov i^0Tiv 
 
 ico-dc ico-9c 
 
 icurt 
 
 Xta-av 
 
 Scvrai 
 
 "evTO 
 
 Active. Middle, 
 second aori8t. 
 
 (lo-o 
 cIto 
 (Itov fl<r6ov 
 
 i'iTt\v «V(r0Tjv 
 
 ct|icv ct|j.cOa 
 
 clrc cla-Oc 
 
 clcav ctvTO 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 Hi 
 
 © 
 
 H 
 
 U 
 
 Pn 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 
 p. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 
 p. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 8. 2 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 3 
 
 p. 2 
 3 
 
 IN kin. 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 i& 
 
 Ifi 
 
 ifJTOV 
 
 IT^TOV 
 
 c ^ 
 
 Itatri 
 
 icCr|V 
 U(t|s 
 CcCt) 
 
 ICITOV or UCl^TOV 
 
 l(iTr\v Ui'^njv 
 Ictficv ' U(t]|j,cv 
 
 icUv U(T]<rav 
 
 16T0V 
 
 Ut«v 
 
 i'cTC 
 ilvTWV 
 
 Uvai 
 Uis, Uio-a, i^v 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 ifJTai 
 
 i^<rOov 
 
 if\(r6ov 
 
 (w|i,c8a 
 
 if)o-ec 
 
 luvrat 
 
 ic()lT)V 
 
 i(to 
 
 UlTO 
 
 IcitrOov 
 ic((rOT)v 
 tc()tc6a 
 IcurOc 
 
 iClVTO 
 
 'ctro 
 
 UorOu 
 
 iCo-Bov 
 
 UcrQmv 
 
 tcorOc 
 
 U(r6(i>v 
 
 iCtrOai 
 
 UlJKVOS 
 
 i 
 
 iJtov 
 ■qrov 
 
 iJt« 
 
 •tl)V 
 
 ttt, 
 
 cItov or €1ltjtov 
 
 cICttJV il'/JTtlV 
 cl|JlCV c'lT||JlCV 
 
 elT6 €V'tJT€ 
 
 ctcv clkT](rav 
 
 Is 
 
 Itm 
 
 ?TOV 
 
 Itc 
 
 IvTWV 
 
 clvai 
 els, clo-a, cv 
 
 ijrai 
 tfcrOov 
 •qo-0ov 
 wficOa 
 
 ii<re« 
 
 uvrai 
 
 CI'|JIT)V 
 
 do 
 
 flro 
 
 clo-Oov 
 
 cio-Otiv 
 
 ci'iicea 
 
 clo-Oc 
 
 tlvTO 
 
 ov 
 
 Ko-Oo) 
 CO-0OV 
 co-Owv 
 
 cVOuv 
 co-Oai 
 i'|uvo$ 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 H 
 H 
 
[797 
 
 799] 
 
 INFLECTION OF VERBS. 
 
 263 
 
 M 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 Si; 
 
 »^ 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 < 
 H 
 
 D. 
 
 
 » P 
 
 8. 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 D. 2 
 
 3 
 p. 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 8. 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 D. 2 
 3 
 
 p. 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 s. 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 i!«Fi?r. 
 
 PARTIC. 
 
 Irregular Verbs in MI. 
 
 798. Kftnai («t), LIE. 
 
 PRESENT. 
 KClfiai 
 
 Kcio-ai 
 
 KClTai 
 
 Kci(r6ov 
 Kcio-Gov 
 
 KClO-Oc 
 
 Kcivrai 
 
 IMPERFECT. 
 
 CKCIO-O 
 CKCirO 
 €KC10-60V 
 
 ^KcC(r0T]v 
 .Kc{)ie9a 
 ckcktOc 
 
 CKCIVTO 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 K^ci)|jiai 
 
 K^TJTOl 
 
 K^ij<r0ov 
 K^T)(r0ov 
 
 K€W|JlcOa 
 
 K^wvrai 
 
 KCO()AT)V 
 
 K^OIO 
 
 K^OITO 
 
 K^oi(r0ov 
 K€o£o-9tjv 
 KcoCficOa 
 
 K^OIVTO 
 KCIO-O 
 
 Kci(r6ov 
 K€(o-0a>v 
 Kci(r0e 
 Kc((r0(i)v 
 
 KiiirSai 
 
 KcCfiCVOS 
 
 799. 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 Kd0i))iai 
 
 Kd0Tierai 
 
 Kd0TjTai 
 
 Kd0T](r9ov 
 
 Kd9T](r0ov 
 
 Ka0%c0a 
 
 Kd0i]orOc 
 
 Kd0tJVT'Pi 
 
 Kd0-i)nai (^(t), sit down. 
 
 IMPER 
 
 ^Ka0^|jiT)v or 
 ^Kd0T)(ro 
 
 JKd0T]TO 
 
 ^Kd0T](r0ov 
 
 ^Ka0l/)O-0T)V 
 
 ^Ka0^H«0a 
 ^Kd0T](r0c 
 
 ^KdOTJVTO 
 PRESENT. 
 
 KaOufiai 
 
 Ka0fJTai 
 
 Ka0f](r0ov 
 
 Ka0fjo-0ov 
 
 Ka0w|ic0a 
 
 Ka0f](r0c 
 
 KaOwvrai 
 
 Ka0o(|JlT]V 
 
 KoOoio 
 
 KaOoiTo 
 
 Ka9oi(r9ov 
 
 KaOoCo-Otiv 
 
 Ka0o()jic0a 
 
 KaOourOc 
 
 Ka0oivro 
 
 Kd0r]<ro 
 Ka0^(r0(i) 
 Kd0t](r9ov 
 KaO^o-duv 
 
 Kd0TIO-0€ 
 
 Ka0^(r0a>v 
 
 Ka0T]<r0oi 
 
 Ka0^)x(vos 
 
 FECT. 
 Ka01^(ATJv 
 
 Ka0f)(ro 
 
 Ka0T)o-TO 
 
 KaO{]o-0ov 
 
 Ka0^ar0T)V 
 
 Ka0^fic0a 
 
 KO0fi<r0€ 
 
 KaO^VTO 
 
 i 
 
 I J 
 
1 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 ; 
 
 1 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 M 
 
 r 
 
 No. 63. Athena. 
 
KCJLES OF SYNTAX. 
 
 Subject and Predicate. 
 
 ^ 800. The subject of a finite verb is in tJie non.inative Tbus ^ n' " 
 Bvpa<i €x^h the house has doors. "'' "^ °*'''« 
 
 is in the L™e ca.1 afln ,^f Vh':"! rS'? "■"^^''^ ?^^f ^-'^ 
 uLja,. " ' "''™''"" '"^"™' Ma,..a-,, «« „w, ,, ,,Ued 
 
 Apposition. 
 
 804. A noun annexed to another noun to descrihe it »„^ i »• 
 
 the same person or thing, agrees with it in case T Ws i! In, ^ ^^ 
 
 and the noun thus used is called an «y,y»,„ ,' .Thu KlL! T"""'"' 
 
 Adjectives. 
 
 806. An adjective or participle, generallv with th. avtJ.Je ^av b. 
 used as a noun rhi]« nf ^^\ ' .? . ' a.i,..,ie, .liaj De 
 
 :i 
 
l^. 
 
 %. ^^ , a. 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 
 m./ 
 
 W^iJ''/ V #? ^ //'„ 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 lii|2.8 
 
 t 1^ lilll2.o 
 
 IIIIM 
 
 "2.2 
 
 11:25. i 1.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 %' 
 
 <^ 
 
 /i 
 
 -?; 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 // 
 
 
 ^ y jyyy/ 
 
 nl — 4.^ 
 
 rilUlUglclpIUC 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
'o 
 
 
 
 ; <;.- « 
 
 7/ 
 
 1^ 
 
 <sg 
 
 <> 
 
 
266 
 
 RULES OF SYNTAX. 
 
 The Article. 
 
 V 
 
 807. Proper names may take the article. Thus, at tov Kvpov Kiafiai, 
 the villages of Cyrus. 
 
 808. Abstract nouns often take the article. Thus, 17 dXrjdeia, truth. 
 
 80$). Nouns with a possessive pronoun take the article when they refer 
 to definite individuals, but not otherwise. Thus, 6 e/xos Trarrjp, my father, 
 but €fxd<i ^lAos, a friend of mine. 
 
 8 10. The article is often used where we use a possessive pronoun, to 
 mark something as belonging to a person or thing mentioned in the sen- 
 tence. Thus, Kv/oos cVt/JouAtuVci t<S dSeXKJxS, Cyrus ivill plot against his 
 
 brother. 
 
 f 
 
 811. An adverb, a preposition with its case, or any similar expression 
 may be used with the article to qualify a noun, like an attributive adjec- 
 tive. Heve a noun denoting men or things is often omitted. Thus, 01 oikol 
 e;(^/30i, his enemies at home, ol irapa jSaaiXeu)^ ayycAXot, the messengers from 
 the king, ol olkoi, those at home, ol dfi<f>\ Kvpov, Cyrus and his followers. 
 
 812. An attributive adjective, or equivalent expression, which qualifies 
 a noim with the article, commonly stands between the article and the noun. 
 But the noun with the article may be followed by the adjective with the 
 article repeated ; here the first article is sometimes omitted. Thus, 17 
 'EA.A»/i/tK^ <f>v\aKri, or 17 <f>v\aKri rj 'EAAT/nKT/, or <f>vXaKri V 'EXAt/vikt/, the 
 Greek garrison, 17 eis to ttcSiov €l<Tfio\rj, or ^ ela-^oXrj ^ cts to ircSiov, or 
 €l<T^o\rj 17 CIS TO TrcStbv, the pass leading into the plain. 
 
 813. AVhen an adjective either precedes the article, or follows the 
 noun without taking an article, it is always a predicate adjective. Thus, 
 plKpax al oiKiaL rjaav, or at oiKiat pTiKpal rfaav, the houses were small. 
 
 814. When a demonstrative pronoun agrees with a noun, it takes the 
 article, and stands in the predicate position. See 1.58. 
 
 815. In Attic prose the article retains its original demonstrative force 
 chiefly in the expression 6 fxiv . . . 6 8i, the one . . . the other. 6 Be, etc., 
 sometimes means, and he, etc., even when no o fxev precedes. Thus, Tovq 
 fi€v aTTCKTeive, tov<s 8' iUf^aXev, some I slew, others he banished, ol Sc raura 
 lAe^ttv Tois (TTpaTcwTULs, and they (the generals) told it to the soldiers. 
 
RULES OF SYNTAX. 
 
 267 
 
 Ktafxai, 
 
 Pronouns. 
 
 816. The nominatives of the personal pronouns are seldom used 
 except for emphasis. See 436. ' 
 
 817. The personal pronoun of the third person, ov*, oT, I etc is irener 
 ally an md.rect reflexive in Attic prose, i.e. it is used in a de;e d*;, clause 
 to reter to the subject of the leading verb. See 437. 
 
 r. ^^^^ i''^'"u' ^^' *^''' "'"' '■ ^" ^" '^' '^'^^ it '"'-^y "lean self- when 
 
 L lead,„; ^r ™'!.'" " "''''"''"'* '='''"^<' *''^y -f^'- '» 'he subject of 
 the leading verb, _,.e. they are indirect reflexives: See 446. 
 
 820. The possessive pronouns (448) are generally equivalent to the 
 possessive genitive (841. 1) o£ the personal pronouns. Thu's, 6 ™ ll 
 = o narrjp €fiov,7n?jf either. t^^^ iraTrjp 
 
 neafo^'pttr' '*"'' '' ""' !f '""f "« '■'"""' ' °«'' '*"'• "^ «°™«tW"g 
 been ment on t "T"' '% '" '''"'""*' '° '°'™"'"« """ '«'» ^''■^'""y 
 
 tiveTa'dieale'X'f"- "'-^''f^"'"' "'""' """^ "^ ^'"'- «"b«'-- 
 
 823. r^5 may be used both in direct and in indirect questions. Thus 
 he mks lehat Ihe dMurhnnce is. ' 
 
 824. The indefinite rU (354) n.ay be either substantive or adjective 
 Thus, rovro A.y„ r«, or S^gp^i, r« roCro A.V«, ..o,„eM, says t,i 
 
 c?So!^f « "'-'' """f "" ™"''^ '"'"™''"' *" ^"S"'"- « »■• «"• Thus, 
 «6o. av«^.,^ov Tim, / sa» « cerlain man, or / ™„, „ ^m. 
 
 826. A relative agrees with its antecedent in gender and number but 
 .t, case depends on the construction of the clause in which it stands Jh' 
 
 they marched »„ ,„ ,/„ Euphrates, .e bream of .rkieh ,L /..,„■ stades 
 
2()8 
 
 HULKS OF SYNTAX. 
 
 i 
 
 ii 
 
 Hiii, Tho antocedont of a rolativ.' .nay l.c o.nitt.Ml when it can easily 
 iH'^supphnl fn„n <h,. ...nlext, especially if it is iiulelinite. Thus, Kara- 
 Trpu.So cc^ a crrp.revop", / Ml arco,»p/i,h (M. ohjWts) for which J am 
 til Am;/ the JhhL 
 
 S28. ^^•lK>n a relative m'ouI.1 naturally l,e in the aceusative as the 
 <>lM<"ct ol a verh, ,t is nvnerally asshnilatnl to the ease of the antecedent if 
 tins IS a genitive or dative. Thus, aVSpe, i^.oC eUn ry, i\,v6,p{d, r), 
 K€KTr)VTai, the,, mr mn, ,rorlh,, of Ihr fnnlorn irhirh Ih,,, have. 
 
 «2J). The anl.Todent is oftcM. atlrarU,! into the relative elause, and 
 a^^rees with the relative. Thus, a^rcVe/xiAev i^ J^^ crr^ar..^a, he ilespatched 
 U'hatjorct's he had. 
 
 Nominative and Vocative Cases. 
 
 «.*{(>. The nominative is used chiefly as the subject of a finite verb or 
 m the ].re,lieate after verbs signifyino; (o be, become, etc. See 800, 8();{. ' 
 
 Hiit, The vocative, uith or without J, is used in addressing a person 
 or thing. Thus, ^ ,'.So',, oT K,>e, .lyu d, -rr.hCov KaXov, the roa.l, Cm-us 
 leads into a beautiful plain, ivSpt^ iTTpaTmrai, fellow soldiers ! 
 
 Accusative Case. 
 
 «.S2. The direct objtH-t of the action of a transitive verb is put in the 
 accusative. Thus, a<l>evS6vr)v c^i, //,- has a slinff. 
 
 Hiiii. Any verb whose meaning permits it may take an accusative of 
 kindrcl signification. This accusative ivpeats the idea already, contained 
 m the verb, and may follow intransitive as well as transitive verbs. It is 
 called the cor/natc^ accusative. Thus, TroAe/xet dSiKov v6k,p.ov, he wafjes an 
 unjust war, rt ere ijhiKijaa ; what wrong hare I done you ? 
 
 8.-{4. The accusative oi specif cation may be joined with a verb, adjec- 
 tive, noun, or even a wliole sentence, to denote a part, character, or oualitn 
 to uhich tlie expression refers. Thus, rk ,roAe>ca Aya66,, skilled in matters 
 pertannng to war, 6 Troru^o, eVrt rb cJpo. TrAe^^ov, the rirer is one hundred 
 Jeet in width. 
 
 83r>. An accusative in certain expressions lias the force of an adverb. 
 Thus, Ta navra vlKQ>cn, the,, are completely rictorious, rC hu alroU Xvtiv rhv 
 y€<f>vpav, why need they destroy the bridye ? 
 
nULKS OF SYNTAX. 
 
 2G9 
 
 it can easily 
 
 rims, KUTU- 
 
 which I (I III 
 
 iiiv(! as the 
 ntecedent if 
 tvO€pid<i rys 
 
 clause, and 
 
 ; </csj)atche(l 
 
 ite verb, or 
 
 1), 8();{. 
 
 ff a person 
 (>a<l, Ci/nis, 
 
 put in the 
 
 Misaiive of 
 / roiitdiiicd 
 rl)s. It is 
 ; iva(/es an 
 
 erl), adjec- 
 
 , or (jiioliti/ 
 
 in mntten 
 
 le hundred 
 
 111 adverb. 
 
 XveiV TTjV 
 
 «:87. -riu. accusativ,. follows tl„. a.lv,n-l,.s of »,veari„,r v* .,,,1 A , 
 A,, oath ,„t,.o„„ce„ l.y v, , allinnatlvo „ i,.,,,;,:: ' , ^ ,! ,', f 
 
 :^:J> ':i:::i :Z!i t::7C 'i-. ^'r - ^- 1 
 
 will ,lo ,,„urfrien,U ,„,„, ,,„,,„. ' " '*'^°'" "'""" " '^y««-«^, ».u 
 
 84<>. Verl.s sigiiifyiiiir ,„ „„„, ^j 
 anJ the like, ,„ay take a ,,„.,,ica,« accusative uCl ' I^^ ' if '"' T' ' 
 
 Thus. .„c>„ E..„^..™ ,«Aow, ,/,,, ,,,„„„ A-:^i :; r'z: "• 
 
 he Ml not regard Ike s<Ur„,, „» ufrleUr ' "" *'^°' °" ■'°'""' 
 
 Genitive Case. 
 
 Ti,ri!;ri::!:i:':i::;;-::r: ";:-"'- - »oei,e. „„,.,.. 
 oi- wi,ic., a,.c .,e„o.a ,„ „, o^.. ,, :.:tz::::z':::^;::r-z:. 
 
 2. The Subject of an action or feclino- ns A t,?.„ a? /?' 
 
 3. The «l,ject of an action or feeling s/jw-m- "IT """"■"■"• 
 ..vt * t'" '"•.^'"'*-"«', ■-'"-'"■« '"^'t of which anything o L, a. 
 
270 
 
 HULKS OF SYNTAX. 
 
 11 i 
 
 r.. Moa8«ro, of spaoo, ii.no, or value, as rpcC>u ^j^epC>u !>86,, a journey of 
 thne ,hn,s, Tre.rc f^rjuQ^u fiurO.k, Jin- mo,M pa,,, (iantive of Measure. 
 
 0. ra.iso c.r Origin, as /xcy^iAo,. AScKrj,.dru^u 6pyr,, anger at ^reat offenses. 
 I he ( ansa!. Cicnitirc. 
 
 7. Thn Whole, aftor nouns dniotinK a part, as 8t^ fj^iaov t«s TrtJAea,?," 
 throiujh the mhhUc of the cit,,. The /'arddre Genitive. 
 
 842. The Vartitivo Konilivo (Hll, 7) n.ay follow all nonns, pronouns, 
 a, jyefvos (osprdally sup..rlativ.s), parM(.ipl..s with the artid.', an<l adverhs, 
 Nvh.eh .lonoto a part. Thus, re, r^v 'VA\y,vu.v; ,rho of the (ireeks f Wrc. 
 Tra^ra Kparurro,, best of all in erer^jthin;,, v/xJi. <S /^„„Ao/xe.o9, ,rhoever of you 
 >nshes, Tt/i5rat fidXtara rS^v 'EXXyuu^y, he i, honored more than any other 
 Greek. 
 
 843. Verbs si-nifyi,,^. to he or become and other copulative verbs may 
 have a imMlieate g^Miitive exin-essin- any of tin. relations of the attribu- 
 t.vo .,nM.itive (811). Thus, rm,. larlv o 7rr^o, ; ,eho on^ns the horse f 6 
 A.t>\(>5 iarl n) eT^po<: irXWpov, the Chains is one hundred feet broad, ^v hi 
 KuLovTo, ra>v MiXrjrou 7roAa>^KoiW<o,., he too nuis one of these who tvere 
 hesieytntj Miletus. 
 
 844. Any verb may take a genitive if its action affects the object only 
 m part. This principle applies especially to verbs sionifyint? to share (<,ive 
 or tale apart) or to enjo;,. Thus, Xat^fSavova, rov fSapf^apcKov o-rparcii/xa- 
 ros% the,, take apart of the barbarian foree, tS>v iTnrrjSuwv fxtr^iTv^ e, you 
 hail i/onr share ofpi'orisions. 
 
 845. The genitive follows verbs signifying to take hold of, to,a'h, elaim 
 <nm at, h,t, attain, miss, make t,-ial of b,,/,,,. Tims, iXaftov rr/? ^^vr,<i, the,, 
 took hold of his !,i,;lle, o^x aTrrerat rr> Kdp<f>rj<: rb {;8u>p, the neater does not 
 touch the ha,,, o^To^ airov rj/xaprc, this one missed him, 7,px€Tov Xoyov (S8c, 
 he began his sfieech as follotrs. 
 
 84(5. The genitive follows verbs signifying to taste, smell, hear, perceive 
 con,p,-ehend, rnncnbe,; fnyet, desi,-e, ca,'e for, spare, ne,,leet, ,eonder at] 
 ad,n„-e, despise. Thus, ouVorc r,^lovo, otvov yc'ycv/xat, / have ne,-er tasted 
 Jiner ,nne, OopvfSov r)Kov<rc, he heard a uoise, Tovro,v pL^fivrjaOe ,' do you 
 remen,ber this? jC^y crrpaTti^rlov iirep-eX^Iro, he looked out for his men,' fih 
 dfieXuip.€v yp.wv <(vr(bv, let us not neglect ourselves. 
 
liULKH OF SYNTAX. 
 
 271 
 
 I journey of 
 
 (isurc. 
 
 eat offenses. 
 
 , pronouna, 
 1(1 iulverhs, 
 
 \'S ? TrdvTtDV 
 
 Hivv.r of you 
 I any other 
 
 verlis may 
 lio jittribu- 
 e horse f 6 
 oad, Tjv hi 
 who were 
 
 >l)joct only 
 <hare (yive 
 'TpaTivfia- 
 
 rx'"€y you 
 
 'irh, claim, 
 ttJVr;?, they 
 r (foes 71 ot 
 oyov d>8c, 
 
 , perceive, 
 'ontfer at, 
 ver tasted 
 
 '■>' do you 
 
 
 
 <■ men 
 
 . M 
 
 IhlLS, TO,. „.A.r«,. a^u, /„. ,.,„„,„„„,/.< ,/,,, , lite., KAiapvo, Yof, S<A„5 
 «Va,5 ,y«r,u, r/,,,,-,-/,«» /,,„/, ,/„; riyhl win,,. 
 
 (Ml 4). I|,„,., »,j,,„ty,„. ,„.//« t,,k,, tl,„ accusative of the tl.in. ti I 
 and tho gcn,t,vc of n.atcrial. Tlu.s, „i ..,„,.,„,i, ,,„^., Z' \; ' 
 
 ::« 4 :::;■" ''*'''^""' '■''^^^""- ^^^-^ -">-' ""'.';'"" *'-.'" 
 
 »4» TLe s,.,itive (,« ablative) ,„a.y ,|,,,„t„ that f,„,n which a„vt),i„,, 
 .» »c,.arato,l or ,l,.st,„Kni.,hc,l. ()„ this ,,nnci|,lo the genitive f„ I ™ ! ? 
 
 roA.^0. ,8<»„ ™,lrera., «. mil be glad to .,to;, y,y„;„j. -^ *' 
 
 and an „t.,ers winch i„„,,y ™,„pari»on. Th„s, olj 4. „,.W.o rf "I; 
 pa., ^<^£, *, ,,.„.,^-,,i ,%,, too fate/„r the haute. ^' "^ 
 
 851. The genitive often denotes a came, esrecially with verbs exnre,>, 
 .ng on,ot.ons sue as „*„,V„„v,„. «,„,,., „^,,1, ,i ;^,r "^ C" 
 or revenge. Sometimes it denotes tlie source Thus rS. i\ a "' • -' 
 
 .X0-. r,, ^«„, „,cg„,.c gratefal ,„ ac go,.,forr!c,or,roirjTZ vX 
 louu I verb. Thus, tu,v aKk^y ^poT„W, he mil honor ,/.., otore ihc re., 
 
 rxitxt:; ''''-^' '""* '■"""-" "••'" '" '"- ("-4"% 
 
 ro'ZI:/'" ''"'"/'■'™ '""^ ''"'"""^ *''" '"■'•■" "'• '"""« »f » thi"S. Thus 
 

 RULEi^ OF SYNTAX. 
 
 «54. TIk" uciiilivo luiiy deiioto the (hue wlihhi ichirh {inythiiig takes 
 place. Tlius, uipfxaro Tr}s vvkto's, he act out in the nit/hf, tuvtu rij^ rjfiipiU 
 «yeV«To, thin happened durhuj the ifai/. 
 
 855. TIk^ ol>j('ctiv(! gciiitivu follows many verbal adjectives. These 
 ai-c! chielly kiiidivd (in mcaninjr or derivation) to verbs which take the 
 genitive. Thus.^cVTrcipoi yap ^crav tt/9 x<^/^«5. '^'O' "'ere familiar with the 
 countrii (81o), t^? x"V«« iyKparth, ^iiastrrs or rulers of the land (847), 
 Kitifiat fi€(TTal (TtTov, rill(i(/es aboundin;/ in supplies (818), 
 
 85(». The genitive follows many adverbs, chiefly adverbs of j^lace and 
 those derived from adj(<ctives which take the genitive. Thus, iripav rov 
 Eicfypdrov, across the Euphrates, cum rr/s ttoAcojs, within the citi/, iyyvs rov 
 TrapaSet'cTov, near the park; oi ip^irapm Kipov €>vrcs, those who are 
 acipiainted with Ci/rus. 
 
 857. A noun and a participle not grammatically connected with the 
 main construction of the sentence may stand by themselves in the Genitive 
 Absolute. See 516. 
 
 858. Adjectives and adverbs of the com}>arative degree take the geni- 
 tive (y\\i]\ox\t Jj, J ha n). Thus, kukioi;? rdv oAAa../, more cowardlif than the 
 rest, OaTTov rtoj/ iinrwv trp^xov, they ran vumi swiftly than the horses. 
 
 Dative Case. 
 
 859. The indirect object of the action of a transitive verb is put in 
 the dative. This object is generally introduced in English by to. Thus, 
 Si'Swo-i p.i(tOov t<S o-rpaTcu/AaTt, he pives pay to the army. 
 
 860. Certain intransitive verbs take the dative, many of which in 
 English may have a direct object without to. The verbs of this class 
 which are not translated with to in English are chiefly those signifying to 
 benefit, serve, obey, defend, assist, please, trust, satisfy, adoise, exhort, or any 
 of their opposites ; also those expressing friendliness, hostility, blame, abuse, 
 reproach, envy, anyer, threats. Thus, ol TrpoaOev rjplv ^o-q6ri(TavT€<i, those 
 who have previously helped us, Trct^crai tw (rTparrjyw, he obeys his commander, 
 TTio-rcvovo-t T<p Kvpa., they trust Cyrus, TraptKeXevovTo aXXrjXoi^, they exhorted 
 one another, i^pyit,ovTO tVxvpws ro? KXtapx^^, they were excessively angry 
 rvith Ckarch us. 
 
liing takes 
 
 OS. These 
 li take the 
 nr with (he 
 and (847), 
 
 phice and 
 TTtpav rov 
 eyyus rov 
 
 1 who are 
 
 I with the 
 e Genitive 
 
 ! the geni- 
 // than the 
 
 ) is put in 
 Thus, 
 
 0. 
 
 which in 
 this class 
 nifying to 
 rt, or any 
 me, abuse, 
 'Tes, those 
 mimander, 
 1/ exhorted 
 'elxj angry 
 
 RULES OF SYNTAX. 273 
 
 8«1. The person or thing for whose adoantage or dlsadrantaae any- 
 thing ,s or Ks .lone in put in the <lative. This chttiv is generally int." lI 1 
 - ^ng..h l,y>. Thus, AAo .n-,^...^. Kd,, ...^^r^X^:^ 
 another Jorre. as collected Jor <y„s In the Ch.rLnese, c>oi .a.i. Z^^ 
 you are .iott.uj hnr,n against ... JMtire of Adra.ta,,e o. JHsadSg^ ' 
 
 verl!!r!;o.ul!;'o;'HM T"' •'""' "^^"'"" "'^ ^'^^'^^^^«' -^'^ -"- 
 vu.uU.onns of k ndred n,ean,ng with the yerhs of 8(50 and HVA. Thus 
 
 nendlg and Ja,thful to nu, .rjX6, rul, ^^^^, 8...o,e.xo., nL had Z 
 the wagons to (jet through. ^, "ait na}a joi 
 
 8<$4. The dative is used with all words implying likened, or nuUl-.n.^. 
 agree^nent or disagreement, union, or ap,roaeh. This intl.nl: X^ 2^ ^ ' 
 adverbs, and nouns. Thus, ^ .ope.'d 5^o.a ,^.y,^ e'v.v.cro M • ! , / 
 -.../. le m-e Jligh, Ma,.... 'A..AW W>-/L^::; j J:; 
 
 7roA£/itot9, /^e approaches the enemy. ^ ^ * 
 
 805. Tiie dative follows many verbs compounded with eV a^v or eV.'- 
 aml^son. eon.pounded with .,o', .„,., .e,.', and M. Th kX. ! : 
 
 ^rparw oAAo., <rrparc<ora,, he sends other soldiers with the qeneral 
 Kv^a, eTTt^ovAcv'ei, /.e y,/o^, against Cyrus. ^ ' 
 
 ^^n. Thus, <^.A.a Ka. ei.o^x e>,'^o.. a^r<?, .A.y A./;,../ him hecanj f 
 
 avrov, ^o^ovcrc rr, .pavyy, they frighten them by their uproar 8caBaJoZl 
 ^Xo^t^y cross in boats ^o A.a. ^,r. ^^.Oa', he wisL to \!:^Z 
 ^'-nselfby) us, ycve. .poarj.ec /Saa^.T, in f.nUy he is related to the lin, 
 
 ^.^!;./^-r'^^:~ 1' -!') -'Tf^- to denote the 
 
 much (iiL4 ;r-io w:^^^^ '''^''' ''''-'^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^-^^-^ .- 
 
274 
 
 JUrLk'S OF SYNTAX. 
 
 H08. Tl,n ,lutiv« .s„nH.ti.noH Avuotr, M„. a;,.,., with tho .UM-fcot and 
 pl"|«Tl..d. passiv.', nuvly with ..Mu'i- passive t<.i..s,..s. Sc,. !'();{. 
 
 H<M>. Tl... Wutiv. iH US...I i„ .|.Mu,lo that by whirl, any pcM-son or ihinu 
 
 (irmtf. *' •' 
 
 H70. Thr .laiivo without, a i..v,,„,siti„n oftri. <h.n<,t..s thr lh„r ,r/,n, an 
 n«'t'oM tak...s phuv. This is n,n(in,.,l rhi.My to nouns .lonotiuK </,,;/. ui,,., 
 -"'M, or ,,,.„., and to nan-.s oi jisHruis. Thus, r,; .uV,/ r)^c>a, .„ '„,. san.r 
 '/"/A T.y,rr«pam, o,, thr Jhllomn,, (,/„//), ^t.t ..kW ttu, r.v ciW^a.o. all 
 fxris/inf III (I siiii//r nujlit. 
 
 No 64. KdvSvi. 
 
 kl 
 
IH'rfoct and 
 
 ^oii or tiling' 
 ith a mi(/htif 
 
 me wht'u im 
 
 ; (I nil, iiiijlit, 
 
 on t/ir siDiif 
 
 rrtOayoVf all 
 
 Mummr ani. mmn-uvxrum. vkhi, an., tkns,.; stkms, 
 
 I'UINCII'AL PARIS OK IMI'OKTANl' VliRHS. 
 
 ^1 f '""," '":'"' '"'•■''" « ""■'' » »i"».''" co„«„„a„l l,av. i|„. lirst 
 
 p... ... a,.,. ,H,rf..„t ,.,i,..lle »y,u.,„» i„«U.a,l oC H„. ....,l,„„i,,„,,i.,„. k. Hw 
 
 «...up ",:;■!.,:'"'" '""■'"""■"'' -"" " '- "■■" v.'.^ t..,, ,,„ 
 
 te...l....-al auB„„.„t. This i„ callo.l A„u- ,-,.,l,„,lic:atio„. 
 
 r,. So„,„ ,e,.|„ whos,. ste... l„.gi,« will, a vowel Uk. th.. «yllal,ic a,.T „t 
 
 a» .the ste„. l,e«a„ with a co„Ho„a„t. Th..He vei-hs al,o ,■ .' 
 
 for he re,l„pheatio„. .So,„e.of the,,, have tl,e te,„,K„.. it , , 
 
 »yn»l>,e a,.K„,e„t. Whe„ another , f„n„„,, ,. i, .„',„,,,,,,j " '" "'" 
 ^ «. So,„e verhH derive,! tro„, „ou,„ ,„■ ,„ljeetives oo,„p„„,„|e,l with 
 
 me ge.,eral rule ( >74), „i all the sy,,te.,„ i„ which the verb oceurs. 
 ^yst^ms""" ™""' "'''" ■■'*"'■' "'" "'""' ™""' ""'y "' »<"- of the tense 
 
 10. Vowel 8t«nia which retail, the short vowel rsee a o ,i ^ ^ 
 -ome othe„ ,„ay a,l.l , to the fl„a. vowel beforlall ^di',',. „! 7™^ " 
 Kill, T i., the i^rfect and pluperfect ...iddle S„! . " '"'.'/"".mj, 
 
 before ^ or ., i„ the fi,.t passive .yste;^' """" "'"'' ""'•^ ''"^ ' ="«» 
 
 mi 
 
 m 
 
 Hi 'I 
 
276 
 
 riiiM'ii'AL iwirrs of iMroirrANr VKitiiS. 
 
 11. Som.« v.«il.H with Mlu.rt v.-il. Mmun vxuUu^ i„ a ...uto or v loMKilu.n 
 tho Hlu.rt v..vv,.I in 8..ino ,.t (I,,. Iomsom. a I., ,,, c f. n or oi, w to .v. 'I'lio 
 Mlu.rtvr vorl. Htoiu K^uMally u,.,H.a.s i„ tlio ^ocon,! mniHt active „r ,>a«Hiv«. 
 
 IL'. Ston.H o<,nsistinK of a «lu.rt vowol hotwen, two coiiHoimntH ho.ihs 
 tinios iiiop tln< vowel. 
 
 la. S«»nu» v.Ml.s a.KI . lo tl.o vorl. Hton. ii. hoiuo <,f tlio to.iH.. NyHton.H. 
 
 M. Somo v.M-hs .Irop «r of tlio futun^ .st.Mii aii.l roiitrart. 
 
 ir.. Futums ill «r« aii.l lo-o^ai iVoi.i v.mI.h in it« of nioiv than two 
 NvllaM..s n.^Milarly tlrop «- and insoit <, and oontiact. Tho forms in M 
 and If) aro called thr Attir future. 
 
 Ul Soino vvrhs, instoad ..f a fiitniv in o-o^ai, or in ad.lition to it, havo 
 a fiiluro III <r.o^ai, oontract.'d o-owkioi, foriiu'd with tho toiise huIHx ««/ 
 This is rallod the Don'r futiiiv. 
 
 17. Ill many v.mI.s the fiitur,. active does not oocur, and tho future 
 middle is use«l in its st««ad. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ^ In the following, the numeral in parenthesis refers to the sections of 
 871. the siiiH«rior numeral to the notes at the foot of the pajje. 
 
 
 ^X« 
 
 ^•yiAOi 
 
 olWo-«(J)) iJviattO*) tfv«Ka(5>) ^yr^^aK 
 
 alp^w {alpe, A), take, seize, mid. tide for oneself, choose, 
 alp^o-o. ,Uov(r,) ^pT,Ka tfpt„*ai 
 
 TJWetiv (D) 
 
 T,Vet,v(0) 
 
 al<r6dvo)iai (alaS), perceive^ 
 
 dKovw, hear, 
 AKo«<ro^ai (17) {ixovo^a dK^Koa^ (4) 
 
 Tf(ret|Hiai (13) 
 
 ^oWOtiv (10) 
 » llie stem is reduplicated, dyay.—^v is dropped. ,ni . , 
 
• «v. Thu 
 
 paHHivti. 
 
 ii(h Hoiiie- 
 
 8tuinH. 
 
 Miiiii two 
 ins ill M 
 
 I) it, havo 
 
 lix ATI"/,. 
 
 le future 
 
 ictions of 
 
 nv (0) 
 
 ,v (0) 
 
 re»iv(10) 
 
 /•A7^67/M/. PAUTS OF IMI'OUTANT VKUHS. 
 
 277 
 
 ^'^<roi,a, MX«v.(f.) WX«Ka(r,) 
 
 ^^"»' ' ^X«Ka 
 
 dXXdrrw (ax\o7), r/ja/jf/f, 
 
 *^^*«- *iu.{. ,xx.x. ^u.,,„ ^,«,,,, ^ 
 
 i^lprdv. (aVa^r), ,„i„, ,.„, ,,„ ,„„„„ 'i^^*Vl» 
 
 (l'"M7) 
 
 (i;{) 
 
 (i.'U 
 
 (iii) 
 
 *"°'" *''*''*"' ::t\-s ^'■'--<^" *'-''"-<^'> / 
 
 pa(vM {(ia), go, 
 
 PVoHai(17) ipijva 
 
 P<Pr,«» 
 
 PAXXw (/9oX), //<row, 
 
 pXdirrw (/iXo/S), j>y«re, 
 P^'i'l'- jpXa^ra p^px^^^ 
 
 PovX^cro|ioi (i;{) 
 
 VWjo-OHat (l.J) iY«v6^T,v ^'yovu 
 
 •yiYv«S«rK« (7to), perceive, know, 
 
 
 P^^aiiai (0) ipdeTjv (0) / 
 
 P^P^Tjuai 4pX^eTiv / 
 
 P^pXaji^oi 4pXd.f)9t,v / 
 
 P«PovXti^oi ( I .{) ipovX^Otj V (13) 
 
 Y«Y<vijl*a^ (l.'J) 
 
 ?Yv««rnai (10) <Yv»<rei,v (10) / 
 
 Y<YP«+a (3) Y<YP«»*|iat (.•]) ^^pA+riv 
 
 ' Second aorist of the ui form nm\ a «. ^ 
 (790). ^ " ^^^"^- - Second aorist of the ^ form 
 
jitfmmmmm 
 
 •278 
 
 ill 
 
 / 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 / 
 
 PlihycnWL IWHTS OF lAfl'OliTANT YKUHH. 
 
 8«£kvO|ai (5ejA), point nut, show, 
 
 8<p» 88«ipa 
 
 S^M, f)inU, 
 8VJO-W I8ii<ra 
 
 8<8«iYjiai <8«(x0t|v 
 
 6tf8ap|iai <Sdpt)v 
 
 8tf8<Ka (0) 8<8«,iai (0) <8.'9t,v (i>) 
 
 8<<i), 7jf<'(f, mill, need, desire, request, 
 8^<r«(i;5) 48V* (i:5) 8i8Va (l.'O 8«8^i„iai (13) «iVies,v (l.l) 
 
 8i8pli(rKu {Spa), run, 
 8pd«ronoi ( 1 7) 88pdv > 8<8paKo 
 
 S(8w(ti (So), give, 
 8«<rc* |8MKa (700, 4) moiKa 
 
 8wvo|iai {Svva), (h; able, van, 
 8vv^o-o|jiai 
 
 8<l«, make enter, intraiia. enter, 
 
 S^o-w KOtra 8<8vKa 
 
 I80v 
 
 W« permit, 
 iivi» ,tBo-a ^6) itBKa (6) 
 
 49Aci>, wish, desire, 
 W.XV« (l.'>) T|0<XT,o-a (18) rjarfXrjKtt (13) 
 
 8<8o}iai (9) lt69r\v (0) 
 
 8i8vvT))i«it <8vWieT)v 
 
 8<8v|iai (D) 48vei]v (D) 
 
 «tS)iai (5) 
 
 iUieT)v (6) 
 
 flirov ^e/ir, ^,o, ^e), said, 
 ^^^ *^'~'' ««P^Ka(2) .tpt|^^ai(2) ipp^Srjv (738, 2) 
 
 iXavvw (Ao), f^r/DP, set in motion, inlraus. ru^p, drive, march, 
 i\&{U) r|Xao-a(8) 4\^XaKa^4,8) aViXaHiai(4,8) TiXdei,v(8) 
 
 i ■ 
 
 1 Second aorist of the ut form (790). 
 
PlilNCIPAL PAItm OF lAtrOHTANT VEims. 
 
 279 
 
 lir(o-To,iai iiniaTa), nnderHtaxd, know hoiv, 
 lirKTT^irofiai 
 
 liro|iai {ffeTr),\ronow, ammpany, 
 '*«»*«» i^ndiLnv (12) 
 
 4pY4j;onoi (ipyad), work, 
 <PYdo-o,ioi •lpYa<r(lH^v(r)) 
 
 ^Tri<rT^0ijw 
 
 JpXOHai {ipx, iXvif, i\0), f,o, come, 
 ^^•ov ikii\v9a (4) 
 
 (VpYaa-fiai (6) 
 
 (4, », 10,1. 'J) 
 
 'Wav'' 84,aYov «^8oKa 
 
 (4,1>) 
 
 'X" (fffx. <rxe),» have, hold, 
 ^'«« l<rxov (12) i(,XT,Ka 
 
 edwTw (Ta0 for <?a0),* frz/ry, 
 
 TJ8^<r0T|v 
 
 (1M0,13) 
 
 tjiprffinv (<>, i;{) 
 
 ?<rxT)|jiai 
 
 eavnAt« (OavfzaS), admire, 
 9av^d<ro^at(17) Wa^ao-a T.eav^taKa 
 
 Ovtio-Ko) (<?a,.), tZ/e, /jc alain, 
 eavofi^ai(17) JOavov wevT,Ka 
 
 6<J«, mcrlfire, 
 
 W9a|i)iai 
 
 ^OaufidcrOT)v 
 
 TttvK. (0) T«Vfl„ („) ,^,^^, ^^^ 
 
 / 
 
 »o l,„.t ,„e future l„u, t,„r.pp™r,„,oe; T;;^^!'"';::"''™'' " "^ 'f ""■"'• 
 
 
/ 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 I '1^ 
 
 280 
 
 ^VM 
 
 PRINCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS. 
 
 ?Tj|ii (i), send, 
 
 TKa' 
 
 lKv<o|jitti (Ik), come, 
 
 <lKa (6) «I,iai (5) 
 
 lYfiai- 
 
 tl9r\v (5) 
 
 l'<rTT)ni (o-To), set, make stand, intrans. stand, stop, 
 o-Tiio-w ?<rTTi<ra 4'<rTtiKa3 4'o-Ta|jiai (D) 
 
 KoXio) (Ka\e, K\e), call, 
 KoXw (14) iKdX€<ra(5>) k^kXtjko 
 
 K^KXtjfiaii 
 
 K]i(i) (kuv), burn, 
 Kaia-ta 2Kava-a 
 
 K^KavKa K^Kavfjiai 
 
 <<rrdOT|v (9) 
 JKXyjOtiv 
 
 JKav0T)V 
 
 KcXcvtt), order, 
 
 KXcto), shut, 
 kXcCo-ii) KKXcio-a 
 
 kX^ttta) (/cXctt), steal, 
 kX<»|;« JKX«<|;a K^KXotfta 
 
 K€KA€vo-jiai(10) iKiXjvo-eijv (10) 
 
 K^KX«ifiai 4KX(((reT)v (10) 
 
 K^KX<i<r|jiai(10) 
 
 K6irT(D (*f07r), cut. 
 
 K^KO<{>a 
 
 K^KXcfifiai. 
 
 Kp(\i,&vvvy.^ (Kpefia), hang up, 
 Kp<|i» (14) iKprffiao-a (0) 
 
 4KXdirT]v 
 4K<JirT|v 
 <Kp€nAor(lriv(9, 10) 
 
 Xo|ipdv<i) (Xoi3), take, 
 XVi^o,iai(ll,17) IXaPov €tXT,<|»a (2, 11) ftXrjHiHiai (2, 11) <X^<t,eT,v (11) 
 
 1 C/. the first aorist ¥0r,Ka (604, 6). -2 r is due to the augment and redupli- 
 cation, -s For an irregular (107) aearrjKa, the rough breathing representing the 
 first (T, as m the present. (So ^arafiai, for aearauai.) T'innfirffiPt. .u-rj..^ fo^ 
 e-ffejTrjKt). 
 
6) 
 
 v(9) 
 
 Btiv (10) 
 IV (10) 
 
 l>r]v(9,10) 
 
 (11) 
 
 redupli- 
 iting the 
 
 PRINCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS. 281 
 
 Xov0dv« {\ae), escape the notice of, mid. forget, 
 M<r«(ll) JXaOov X<Xi,0a (11) Xfl^nJ^iav (11) 
 
 X/y», gather, 
 
 «^«ea «t\oxa(2) .rXfy^oi (2) iX^^lv 
 
 Xiyia, say, speak, tell, relate, ^ ^^ 
 
 ^^^^ '^^ X«^«Y,.ai ^X^xeriv 
 
 \tlirtt (Kiv), leave, 
 X€f»|f« (11) JXiirov 
 
 
 X<Xoiira(ll) Xa«i,i,iai(ll) <X«(<|)eTjv (11) / 
 Xi\vKa(9) Xav|4ai(9) 4Xiiet|v (0) / 
 
 tiavOdvw {fMd), learn, 
 liae^ojiai (1.'], 17) 2^ia0ov |MndeT,Ka (13) 
 
 jiaxovnai (13, 14) *n»X«o-d(iiiv(0,13) 
 ii.iv<a, remain. 
 
 |M|iAx»»*ai(13) 
 
 |iv^(rtt) 
 
 |M|i^VT)Ka (13) 
 
 (AijivTio-Kw {(iva), remind, mid. remember, mention, 
 
 4ffivi](ra 
 
 von£j;« (j/o/itS), </itnA-, 
 vo|*i& (15) iv6^ia-a v€v6niKtt 
 
 orojioi or otfiai, <Amft, fteiiewe, 
 otyjo-ofiai (13) 
 
 6'XXwni (6X), destroij, lose, 
 
 *** fX«»-a (0, 13) iXcSXiKa (4, 0, 13) 
 
 wX6|ii]v ^X<!>Xa '4) 
 
 K^HVTjuaii ^|AvV0Tiv (10) 
 
 vivdnwTfiai *vo|ji(<ret]v / 
 
 ^9i\v (13) 
 
 » With full reduplication, contrary to the rule (107). 
 
/ 
 
 is 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 282 PlilNCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS. 
 
 o|ioO,*at (17) ^oo-a(8) 0H«i^0Ka(-l,8) 6^.S^0Hat(4,8) i^detiv (8) 
 
 6pd<u (6,«, /5, a^), see, ^^•^'^''^ <«'1^>) 
 
 fil'OHai .l8ov (6) IdpSKa (f,) Wpa^at (6) 
 
 <«P«Ka(f)) Ji,*^ai j;4,e-v 
 
 OpVTTW (<J/01'X), dtf/, 
 
 opvt« aipvja op,ipvxa(4) 6p<4puY^iai (4) cipiixeT,v 
 
 o<^f(Xci> ((50cX),i owe, 
 o<j)«iXyj<ra) (l.J) ii<J>i(Xr,«ra (13) w^wiXrjKa (13) 
 
 w4»»M9i|v(13) 
 
 iraCw, strike, 
 ira(<r« Sfiraio-a 
 
 ir^iraiKa 
 
 <ira(<rOT)v (10) 
 
 ird<rxw (7ra<^, ttcv^), cxpericH<< \ sl(^ffer, 
 irc£<ro(ioi ■! ?ira0ov viirovda. 
 
 ir«£e« {ttiO), persuade, mid. obey, 
 
 ir.£ac*.(ll) «,r«io-a(ll) Wff«Ka(ll) u^,r.i(rHiai(ll) ^,r«fo-e,,v(n) 
 
 ir<iroi0o (11) 
 
 tXV« lirXi„ra „^^Xi,Ka W,Xr„iai ^irXyjo-flriv (10) 
 
 ir<irXii<rnai(10) 
 irtirni) (ttct, ttto), /«//, 
 
 TTto-ovnai (1(5,17) Sttco-ov ir^irTWKO 
 
 irX^w (ttXi/), sa//, 
 
 7rX«vo-of.at(ll,17) «VX«v«ra(ll) WirX€VKa(ll) WirXcvcruai (10, 11) 
 irX€«o-ow(iai (11,1(5, 17) ■- \ » / 
 
 irX^TTO) (jr\T;7, 7r\o7), smt'^e, 
 ^X^{« «VXT,Ca w^uXtiYa ,ri^XT,7Hiai iirX^^nv 
 
 lirXdynv ^ 
 
 1 <50e/\a, follows the analogy of short stems ending in a mute (1 1) in lengthen- 
 
 ^ "^: ^'^'^ ■" "^^°^ o^ '^« tL•Il^5us. — - !/(? are Uropped before <r and the 
 
 preceding vowel is lengthened (738, 11). -« In composition. 
 
6et|v (8) 
 6<r0t|v 
 
 (8, 10) 
 
 0i]v 
 
 iiX^0T)v(13) 
 Co-etjv (10) 
 
 ireTjv(n) 
 
 IO-0TJV (10) 
 
 yrjv 
 ytjv' 
 
 engthen- 
 and the 
 
 rUmClI'AL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VmBS. 
 
 
 trpirrn (irpdy), do, ad, 
 
 ir^irpfixa 
 
 ^v0dvo,*a. irve), inquire, learn by inqxury, 
 i« veronal (11) <^e6|*t,v , 
 
 ■n-lirvo-ftai 
 
 ^**« ^PP4a^ Ipp,^.. ,^^,^^^^ 
 
 283 
 
 ivpiy^9i\% 
 
 'ppvi)i 
 
 <ppf<t>eT)v 
 
 ^Pp(<^1)V 
 
 airdci), draiv, 
 
 W »«nraKa(8) .o-iracr^at (8. 10) ^<r,r4o^e^v (8, 10) 
 
 <rir€fp« {(TTfp), sow, scatter, 
 
 «nrcp« lo-TTfipa 
 
 «<rirap|iaL 
 
 <rra\„ (,„\), p„( i„ „rder, ejuip, s^nd, 
 o-rpi^a, turn, twist, 
 
 "p^+» S-P.+. ,„^. j„^^^^__^ 
 
 <fH''5« i<Tw, awd), save, 
 
 <r<Snna 
 
 ^crirdpT|v 
 
 ^<rTd\i]v y 
 
 ^o"Tpd<^ijv / 
 
 ^<rTp^<j)0t|v ^ 
 
 co-dxra 
 
 / 
 
 rtMm, complete, 
 
 } «r<A«a (8) T.TA«<r,*at (8, 10) i„X^„.e^v (8, 10) / 
 
 W|AV« (re^), cut, 
 
 «!*« ifTCJAOV 
 
 2ra|ioi 
 
 ^^THHKa WT,*i„Am 
 
 ^Tji^eri* 
 
 ^ J^'or the reduplication, see 738 2 — 2 f^^ „ 
 ««e 738, 2. ' ■ '''*'' ^' ~ *«' ^J^e '-^iigment and reduplication. 
 
 H 
 

 Ij 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 J 
 
 284 
 
 ritlNCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS. 
 
 r^K« (to/v), melt, 
 
 T^{« (11) ItT){o (11) T^TTJKtt (11) 
 
 tCOtjixi ((9c), put, set, place, 
 9V» 2eT)Ka (0!)4, 5) WeciKa^ 
 
 rp^irca, turn, bend, divert. 
 
 4tAktjv 
 
 MxeTiv(ii) 
 
 Srpairov 
 Tp^()><tf {rpftp for ^pe^)," nourish, support, 
 
 Tp<x« (r/)€x, 5/)om), run. 
 
 WOciliaii WOriva 
 
 WrpaiAfiai <Tpdin)v 
 
 lTpi^dr\v 
 
 r^Opa|i)jiai <Tpd(^T)v 
 
 40p<<{>9t)v 
 
 8pa|iioi})iai (17) S!8pa|fcov 
 
 8cSpdp,i)Ka (18) 8c8pd|jiT)|iai (13) 
 
 rpt^w {rpip, Tpip), rub, 
 Tpt<|/« irplr^a. rirpi^a 
 
 Wrpi|i)iai 
 
 TVYxdvo) {tvx), hit, attain, intrans, happen, 
 Tcv(o|jiai (11, 17) Itvxov TeTvxtjKa (13) 
 
 T^Tcuxa (11) 
 
 W-urx v^op.ai (o-ex, ax^), hold oneself under, promise, 
 {»iro-<rx^«ronoi vir-c(rx<i|Ailv ^ vir-^<rxt1|Aai 
 
 irpl^v 
 
 iTpt(^9t)V 
 
 
 ()>av«a 
 
 ot(r<i> 
 
 <t>a(vtt> {(pav), shoio, 
 c4>i]va 
 
 ir^<)>aYKa 
 
 ir^<{>a(r|jLai 
 
 i<|>dv6T|v 
 
 ^<{>dvT|V 
 
 <t>^pci) ((pep, ol, ivcK, ipeyK), bear, bring, carry. 
 
 fjvcYKa ° 
 
 ivt\vo\o. (4) ^v^v€Ynai (4) ^v^x^rjv 
 
 1 The vowel of the verb stem is irregularly (274) lengthened to et in the first 
 perfpfrt and perfect middle systems. —^ de becomes re before d-qv. —3 See 738, 17. 
 — * Cf. fxta. — 6 Formed irregularly without <r on stem ipeyK. 
 
s. 
 
 HxeT)v(ii) 
 
 lrp6,in\v 
 {tp^()>9t)v 
 
 I9p{^9r\v 
 
 Irpl^v 
 irpt^9r\v 
 
 PlilNClPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS. 
 
 285 
 
 ♦««{0Hoi(ll, 17) j^j^^ov 
 
 «|>€w|oO|Aai(ll, 10,17) 
 
 w<«|nv7a (11) 
 
 4»Wv« (0<?a), firei </ie s<rtr< o/, anticipate, 
 4>e^<ronoi (17) K+etivi 
 
 4»e<i«r«a (9) jf^g^,^ ^g^ 
 
 ifp« (0<?f^), dentroy, 
 tf^Ocipa 
 
 XP^ofiai, use, 
 XPVo,iai2 4xpr,<rdHt,v 
 
 4f<t>9apKa 
 
 SI4>6ap|Aai 
 
 K<XP»It*ai (3) 
 
 ^4>®dpT)i 
 
 ^ Second aorist of the ut form Cf 7nn 2 o^i 
 (ii74) lengthened to , in aU lhe"y«temal:.~ ..'-'' "' "'" ^"' '' "''^'^'<y 
 
 except the present. 
 
 / 
 
 i^6.v9r]v 
 
 t<|)dvT|V 
 
 TJv^Xerjv 
 
 in the first 
 See 738, 17. 
 
 {f'i 
 
 No. 65. 'Afia^ibv. 
 
wr 
 
 WORD GROUPING. 
 
 Give the meanings of the following words. These words have all 
 occurred in the preceding vocabularies. 
 
 872. 
 
 0,7066$ 
 
 dYopii 
 
 OY<i>** 
 
 d8(\(j>6s 
 
 dOpof^o) 
 
 dvOpwiros * 
 
 dpird^w * * 
 
 Pdp^apos * 
 
 ^ovXcvw * * 
 
 •ydp 
 
 Y^4>vpa 
 
 SapciKds 
 
 8^ 
 
 8c£i6s 
 
 8id 
 
 8iapird{(d * * 
 
 8lUK(l) 
 
 8Mpov 
 
 FIRST WORD LIST. (Lk 
 
 £XXt|vik6s * 
 kv* 
 <|* 
 
 4iripov\(v(i) * * 
 Ev(}>paTT]s 
 
 T)(i^p5 * 
 
 OdXarra 
 
 etds* 
 
 6t)p(ov 
 
 0vpa* 
 
 Gvo) 
 
 Viriros * 
 
 Ka( 
 
 KaKds 
 
 KCiX6s* 
 
 KCXCVA) 
 
 KX^ap)(os 
 
 Kpav-y^ 
 
 Kvpos 
 
 K<a)iT| 
 
 X670S* 
 
 Xvw* 
 
 (laKpds 
 
 (idxciipa * * 
 
 1*^X1 * * 
 |ilKp6s * 
 |Ai(r66s * 
 vcav(as 
 6, T|, t6 
 686s* 
 
 otvos * 
 oirXtrrjs * * 
 
 SSONS III.-XII.) 
 
 i'lrXov * * 
 
 6'pKOs 
 
 o4** 
 
 oCtc . . . o{5t€ * * 
 7rc8Cov 
 
 ircXrao'T'^s * * 
 IT Att] * * 
 W^iro) * 
 n^poTis * 
 irXotov 
 iroX^|iios * * 
 ir6Xc|jios * * 
 irorafids * 
 irpbs 
 irvXtj 
 
 <rT€v6s * 
 o-Tparcvw * * 
 
 (TTparnYds * * 
 o-rpari^ * * 
 
 (TTpaTKOTTIS * * 
 
 (rvp,|iaxos * * 
 <rwv * 
 <r(j>cv86vT) 
 t6cOv * * 
 
 TOJ^TTJS * * 
 
 t6t« 
 rpdirc^a 
 
 TplSKdiTlOl 
 
 i|>av€p6s 
 <j>oP€pds** 
 (bdfios* * 
 ({>vXaKifi 
 Xtopa * * 
 
 Xwptov * * 
 
 » 
 
 Cl> 
 
 873. An inspection of this List shows that these words are 
 not all separate units, but that some of them are related to 
 others both in form and in meaning. 
 
 Thus, 6VX0V, 6irXtTT|s ; ir^Tti, ircXTao-T^s ; irdXt^os, iroX^|iios ; rdgov, To|6Tris ; 
 <|>dpos, ^sogrpds; X'^pS, X«piov, ^dxn» Jidxaipo, o-v^-^oxos ; o-Tparid, o-Tparwi- 
 TTis, orrpaTcvw, <rTpar-T]Y6s {army-leader, ayu). 
 
Is have all 
 
 arii * * 
 
 OTKOTtJS * * 
 
 jiax^os * * 
 i'86vT| 
 
 Tt|S** 
 
 Eods * * 
 
 XKlfj 
 
 *** 
 
 ords are 
 lated to 
 
 V, ToJdTTis ; 
 >) o-rparuii- 
 
 WORD GROUPING. 287 
 
 874. Greek words, tlien, fall naturally into aro,n^. T> 
 words in any ^rouu are relntp,! f. ? ^ ^ ^^'^ 
 
 and in ^ "^.^'^^P '^le lelated to one another both in form 
 
 Zt TT"^' Some words, called compound words Z 
 related to two or more separate simple words, as alTny6^^ 
 which IS related both to crxpaxtS aid to Hy., lllThlt 
 compound verbs. ^ belong 
 
 E. 2h xtus ""'^^" other language., notably Latin and 
 
 876. English words may be related to Greek words in thp 
 same manner a« Latin words, the Greek and eIi s^ wo J 
 havmg a common original source. Their connectfo^ in fol 
 
 nT y^vf *"*">• ^""'^ ^°'''« ^'-e called cognate 
 
 ?S" 6^.1 T": "•' '■""^^^ ""•""""' f™- ««rword:: 
 
 Ji P«Ppap.s, 6artarous; 'EXXnnKds. #«/W, e«is, «a/J 
 X«5Y»S, pkUo-logy. "pairos, phil-anihropy ; 
 
 f., *''■ /V'" "^ ^'*''' ^'•""''■""^ importance to note and fix in 
 the mind the relationships of Greek words. 
 
 /» «.?«,'m^ a areeh vocabulary, do not commit word> to 
 
 that ekou,affimty in form and meanin,. and associate JtkttZ 
 the related Latin and English words. 
 
 stars. The double star do-n^fi .1 J "'^'^^^ ^i*^ ^ «tar or 
 
 word, or to otr^er S^H t Jr" ' '•"*" '° ''"°^''- «-•= 
 
 
 
288 
 
 WOIW GROUPINO. 
 
 878. SECOND WORD LIST. (Lessons XIIL-XXI.) 
 
 In this List, and in the six follow inj,' Lists, first givo the meanings of 
 tlie words, and then inspect, in the gen.'ral vocahulary, the etymological 
 statements about all the words that are marked with a star or stars. The 
 double star signifies that the word is related to another (Jreek word, or to 
 other Greek words, in the List under consideration or in previous Lists. 
 , Occasionally a related word is given in parenthesis which might other- 
 wise be overlook(Ml ; but no related word is thus given which would be 
 suggested by a proper use of the general vocabulary. 
 
 d-yopdjlw * * 
 d^pios * 
 &Kpos * 
 dX^6«ia 
 &XXos* 
 dvTd* 
 
 dird* 
 
 ASp«tos** 
 
 SacTfids 
 Sfivds 
 
 8tKT|* 
 
 ctKOcri * 
 
 «lj4( * # 
 ^KCIVOS 
 
 diroir^fiiro) * * IvrovOa** 
 
 &iropo$ * * 
 
 Apttrriinros 
 'Aprol^plTis 
 dpx^* 
 drCfid^w 
 avr6s * 
 PopPapiKds** lirrd* 
 PairCXcios i'TOi|Jios 
 
 Ypd<(><i> * || 
 
 IvTcvOcv * * 
 
 ^iriPovX^ * * 
 
 ^irwTToX^ 
 
 JiriT'/jScios 
 
 ©CTTaXds 
 6t)Pcv(i> * * 
 Uavds 
 Urx^jpds 
 \iyfa * * 
 (\67oj) 
 
 Xoxa^^^s 
 Ma(avSpos* 
 lioXXov 
 ficrd 
 
 oiSv 
 
 OVTOS * *" 
 0(jT(i)S * *" 
 
 ira(a> 
 irdXiv* 
 irdw 
 irapd* 
 irapdScicros * 
 Trapao'd'YYTis 
 irapao-Kcv^ 
 irdpcifii * * 
 
 )iiCTair^)iir(i> * * irdpoSos * * 
 
 fJi^pioi 
 
 l^vos 
 
 88€** 
 
 JXcOpos 
 
 oXf^yos* 
 
 6'Xos* 
 
 6vos* 
 
 SpOios 
 
 irctOo) * * 
 (tt 10-76$) 
 itivrt * 
 ir^pSv 
 IIcpo-iK6s * * 
 
 irwrrj^w * * 
 irtoTTds * * 
 iropctOofiai * * 
 carpdinjt 
 <rirov8li * 
 (rra6|ids 
 (rv|iPovX(iift> * * 
 <ru)tir^)i,ira) * * 
 flr«aTpaT€V0|Mn** 
 ri 
 
 tnrd* 
 ((ttXio? * * 
 <j>tXos* 
 (^povpapxos 
 ^pvyCS 
 
 «8€** 
 
 «aT« 
 
 879. THIRD WrRD LIST. (Lessons XXIL-XXXL) 
 
 d8iK^(o * * 
 
 &Ha**(«Ma^o) &was** 
 
 &p|ia 
 
 dcrirCs 
 
 aSiKos * * 
 
 d(i<|>{ * d-irXovs 
 
 apv d) * * 
 
 a« 
 
 dKLvdiTTie 
 
 J- 
 
 avd* ^,p.y..^pQA5 
 
 {(ppovpapxoi) 
 
 pod(i> 
 
 dXXd** 
 
 dird-yu * * dpi6|Ji6s * 
 
 ^PXAtV ^ ^ 
 
 PovXo|iai * * 
 
WOitn GROUPING. 
 
 neaningH of 
 iymological 
 itars. The 
 word, or to 
 IS Lists. 
 light other- 
 i would be 
 
 )0)iai * * 
 d-)n]t 
 
 ovXciio * * 
 i^itta * * 
 >aTcvo|iai^* 
 
 a ''^ ^l^ 
 
 »apxo8 
 S 
 
 Y^p«v 
 
 S^vSpov 
 
 SiApv{ 
 «t 
 
 (Ira 
 fKacrros 
 
 JKWV 
 
 'EWdfi * * 
 i\irL% 
 Siri i|&i * * 
 ^pwrdd) 
 
 <{Svovt * ♦ 
 
 ^Y^o^at * * 
 ij8ij 
 
 9av|id]|«» 
 
 e<&pa{* 
 
 KaKUS * * 
 
 KaX^w * 
 KciXws * * 
 Kard 
 
 KaTaK6irTa> * * 
 KaraXcdrw * * 
 Kfjpvg 
 
 KX(i»i|r 
 
 X«(ir«** 
 fi^iros * 
 
 (/ivd 
 viKdw * * 
 
 vtKTJ ♦ * 
 
 voOf ^ # 
 vi»g« 
 
 6p|id<*i 
 6'pvis * 
 6'ti 
 
 OWK^Tl ♦ * 
 
 iriipdofjiai* 
 iript* 
 iroi^w * 
 iroXifi^w 1^ * 
 troXXdKif 
 
 irpOTTW* 
 
 irp6 ** 
 IIp6((vos 
 
 TpWTOS * * 
 
 o-t6Xos 
 CTdfia 
 
 (rTpdrivfjia * * 
 <rTp«irT6s 
 o-vvdY« * * 
 
 irapoo-K«udt«* * o-vvrdTTw * * 
 ird$ * * (wdvv) TdTTw * * 
 
 880. FOURTH WORD LIST. (Lkssons X.XXII.-X 
 
 dY<&v * * 
 airiia 
 dKoiio) * 
 dfjiaxc( V» 
 dvVip* 
 
 280 
 
 Tifidw* * {irlfii^ia) 
 
 TpidKovra 
 
 wirrfp* 
 
 bcTTcpos * 
 <|>dXoY{* 
 (j>i,X^(*» * ♦ 
 <t>vXci£ *" '^ 
 <|>vXdTT« * ♦ 
 XaXKoGs * 
 Xoptfis * ♦ 
 Xdpis * * 
 XtXioi 
 Xpdo}iai * * 
 Xp^(ia** 
 XPV(rovs ■* 
 
 LI.) 
 
 fto-o.** #Vrdo^iav 
 
 iKaWpw0«v * * KardYw * * 
 
 6vouoii '^ ^ 
 
 4kci * * 
 
 ^XavvA) ^ * 
 dir^avvft) * * "EWtjv * * 
 dirox«p<« * * ^fiirdpiov * * 
 dpYiJpiov** ^awardw* 
 
 pa<riX€v«** ^ffiKfvSvvos** Xoiirds** 
 8«£8«**(5«;,6j)»4m,i€X^OHai * * Xvtt^o,* 
 *^** iirio-iT(Jo|ioi** M^vwv 
 
 k(v8vvos^* 
 kXc Cm * 
 kvkXos * * 
 kvkX6w * * 
 KwXvw 
 Xaix^dvM 
 
 |iai 
 
 «« 
 
 8iapaT6s i'iro|jioi * 
 
 8iao-irdw * * ^ ^ptinos * 
 
 8fKaios** i'T«pos* 
 
 8oK<<«'» 4xOp<i8* 
 
 |Jli]TT|p * 
 
 fiKrOoAtfpos ^ ^ 
 |ii(r6<ici> * * 
 
 vCv* 
 otKaS*** 
 
 (fi/tii/i/yuos) 
 oit^ * * 
 
 irapaKaX^w * * 
 va.p(\ijt * * 
 iroT^p * 
 Iff Jtj * * 
 irc^ds * * 
 irXrio-id^a) 
 iroios 
 iroXiopK^b) 
 irop{|[(i) * * 
 7r6<ros , 
 irpaYp-a * * 
 
 TTUS 
 
 ^qi8(a>$ 
 
 ^^T(i>p 
 VITOS * * 
 
 o-frdw * * 
 <rTep<» 
 o-UYKaX^w * * 
 
 O-VflTTOptVOfiai * * 
 
 <r4>cv8ov'/JTT]s * * 
 o-xoX^ * * 
 
 <ra)|jia 
 Tdxa' 
 Tififj * * 
 
 Tt|ilOS * * 
 Ti|iWp{(l) • 
 
 (bcvYb) * ^ 
 
 <|>oP^(i) * * 
 
 (pVYds * * 
 '|'Tj<j)£j;o(iai * 
 <^(^(X^«i» 
 
 ail. 
 ; I ■ 
 
 H::J 
 
r 
 
 290 
 
 881. 
 
 dSvvarot 
 cUTidofjiai* 
 dXtieVjt * * 
 
 dXXfjXwv** 
 d)i«Xtfw * * 
 
 (dM0/) 
 dvdYKT) 
 djfvri* 
 diraiWw * * 
 dirapdcrMvos * * 
 d(n(>aX^S * 
 airCKa * * 
 d<)>iKv^Ofjiai * * 
 
 d()>iinr«{iw * * 
 Pidj^ofiai * 
 ^^vos * * 
 'YV)Xo()>os * * 
 
 WORD GliOUPlNQ. 
 
 FIFTH WORD LIST. (Lkssons XLII.-L.) 
 
 Sairavdw * 
 
 8<0po 
 
 SfjXos * • 
 
 8ia<r<{>{<i> * * 
 
 SiSdo-Kw 
 
 8iit>0tfpa 
 
 8p6|xos 
 
 javToO * * 
 J'YKpaT'/is * * 
 i^w ** 
 {|iavroC * * 
 
 fvfKa 
 
 liriX«(irw * * 
 4irio-iTi(r|i6s * * 
 ^iriTp4ir« * * 
 
 itpos* 
 
 T||l^T(pOS * * 
 
 (8i(&nit * 
 KarcurKiirro- 
 
 KaTa^av/jt 
 K^pckS * 
 
 Kpdvos * 
 Kpdros * • 
 
 AaK<8ai)i4vio« 
 X6\os * * 
 
 (UXSs* 
 
 )Up08 
 
 |ii)K^rt * * 
 ^vXov 
 6)jkaX^s * * 
 6|ioXoY^o> * * 
 dirX(|^(i> * * 
 
 op'yyj * * 
 
 « * 
 
 opY(lo|iai 
 <po« 
 
 oCira* * * 
 
 wait* 
 
 irapaKiXfvo- 
 
 Hai** 
 irt]Xds 
 irXtfOpov 
 irX^jpris 
 iroXvTfX^t 
 irp(v * * 
 irpdOCp-os * * 
 irpoo'f Xavvw * ♦ 
 irpoir^Ka) * * 
 
 (TCaVTOV * * 
 
 (TK^irTOjiai * * 
 fr6% ** 
 o"iriv8bt 
 «rTpar6irc8ov * * 
 
 {iribLov) 
 
 o'x«8(B 
 
 'X'l** * 
 (r\oXa{(i»« * • 
 
 2(ltKpdTT)t 
 
 Tax<«t**(T(ixa) 
 
 TliXOt * 
 
 ToX^dw * 
 Tdirof • 
 rp^iTM • * 
 Tpiyjprit 
 ^^^r^po% * * 
 
 ^tvy^i * * 
 X«tp* 
 
 XPTll« 
 
 «|f^lOV 
 
 wpS* 
 tMTircp 
 
 882. 
 
 SIXTH WORD LIST. (Lessons LI.-LX.) 
 
 B<(* 
 
 PaO^s 
 
 8dpv« 
 
 !{«** 
 
 {\U% * * 
 
 al<rxp<Ss 
 
 Pao-iXciis * * 
 
 Siivafiis 
 
 4irti8yi** 
 
 •{^(AlO-i^S * 
 
 dKp6iroXis * * 
 
 Pios* 
 
 8<&8(Ka** 
 
 . ^iriKovpT)|ia 
 
 0dviJiro« 
 
 dir^pXO|iai * * 
 
 . poTje^w * * 
 
 ^YY^S 
 
 Jlp^ov * 
 
 Upds * 
 
 « dir^X'^ * * 
 
 {^odu}) 
 
 tts** 
 
 jp|iT)ViVS * 
 
 linrcvs * * 
 
 dirop^o) * * 
 
 pows* 
 
 iKiro8cSv * * 
 
 Spxo|iai * * 
 
 l«r«s* 
 
 "Aprcixis 
 
 P«|U>? 
 
 'EXX^<rirovTos 
 
 • ciJvottt** 
 
 IxWJs* 
 
 OO-TV 
 
 •Vivv.- » 
 
 ^(aiT^w * * 
 
 ^ttS 
 
 % Kaipds 
 
 do-<^aXtas * * 
 
 yrsr^i** 
 
 licijii** 
 
 tda>« 
 
 KaTaXa|iPdvM^i^ 
 
 avTdOi * * 
 
 ■yvvii^* 
 
 ^cXa^vM*')' 
 
 Zctis 
 
 « KaTttX<{(i»** 
 
 BapvXMV 
 
 8^X<*f^^ * 
 
 , t|«Ta<ri«* 
 
 |«n|* 
 
 KttTairpSrrw * * 
 
WOlil) iiliOUl'lNG, 
 
 «• 
 
 'I" * 
 
 oXofun** 
 
 T0«* 
 
 iir« * * 
 
 ITfpOf * * 
 
 uov 
 
 l» 
 
 ircp 
 
 ;5** 
 
 .0'1.»J * 
 
 u,ros 
 is* 
 
 IS * 
 
 p<Ss 
 
 raXa|iPdvw** 
 raX<ia> * * 
 rairpSTTW^ * 
 
 KaTa«j/Ti<^(];o- 
 |Aai * * 
 
 kX^ittw ♦ * 
 
 KoXd(u 
 
 Kp^VT) 
 
 X^Y''* * * 
 XdYXT 
 tidXio-ra * * 
 (idxo^ai * * 
 \i.iya.% * 
 
 fi^VTOl 
 
 MtXtjTos 
 (i6vos * 
 
 voO«* 
 oUtfu * * 
 otop.ai, 
 £ino-0(v 
 6ir6T« 
 
 OpbvTfis 
 
 if *« 
 
 6'<rTis * * 
 ov8«(s * * 
 ovS^iroTf * * 
 
 OVKOVV * * 
 
 oCiroT* * * 
 owirwiroT* * * 
 irivTf Ka(8cKa * 
 •irfjxvs 
 
 irXa(o'iov 
 iroXifAiKdt * "* 
 ir6Xi« * * 
 
 {iroXiopKiui) 
 iroXvs * * 
 Trop«(a * * 
 iroT< * • . 
 
 TTOus * * (iref6j, 
 
 Tpdtre^a) 
 irp6or6«v * * 
 irpocKw^w * 
 irpoo-rdTTw * * 
 irpoTifxdw * * 
 * SdpScis 
 o-Kcvo4>6pos 
 
 orrdSiov 
 o-TpaniY^w ♦ * 
 o-TparoTf 8(v(tf* * 
 (ruXX<Y« * 
 <r«TVjp * * 
 rdfis * * 
 Td4>pot 
 Taxvs * * 
 TfXf vrdw ♦ * , 
 t«X«utVj * * 
 WXos * * « 
 
 Wrrapfs * * 
 
 (rpdiTi^a) 
 
 201 
 
 Tp«tt»»(Tpid/tOI^ 
 TO, Tpia,K6<XlOl^ 
 
 TpiT^pr)s) 
 
 rplro% * * 
 i}8wp * 
 
 VTricrxv^Ofiai** 
 iiiroXdw ♦ * 
 ^iX(a * « 
 XaX<ir6t 
 
 X(pp(SvT)<rot 
 XiXds 
 
 Xp6vos * 
 
 883. SEVENTH WORD LIST. (Lksson.s LXI.-LXX 
 
 dvY^XXw * * 
 alp^A) * 
 
 a((r6dvo|Aai * 
 
 dXXdTTb) * * 
 
 dvao-WXXw * * 
 dvarcCvw * * 
 dv8pd'Tro8ov 
 dv8p(ios * * 
 dv8pc(ws* * 
 
 dv^X** * * 
 &v«* * 
 d|i<S<k» * * 
 aiTayyiKKo * * 
 diraXXdrro) * * 
 diroOviftrKu * * 
 diroKpivofiai * * 
 diroKTcCvco * * 
 
 ciit'OO'irdb) * * 
 
 «_<. J\ V .. ^ ^ 
 
 diror^lAVM * * 
 
 diro«t)a£v« * * «"v0a * # Kp^wrw * 
 
 PdXXw * * ^JoirXi<r(a * * kt«(v« * * 
 
 (elafioX-^) iiria-rpartvo * * Kwfi^Ttjs** 
 
 PapPapiKws** ^pYdJofJiai** Xdepqi 
 
 ) 
 
 PXdlTTW * 
 
 Yvcontj 
 
 "yvjxv^s* 
 oidvci) ^ ^ 
 SiatrircCpu * * 
 8iaTcX^ci> * * 
 8tiaTptp(u * * 
 8ia4>6<(p<i)* * 
 ^YK^<|>aXo$ * * 
 clKd^cii 
 
 «v8aifx6v<i>s * * 
 
 OdlTTW * * 
 (rdtppoi) 
 Sapped) * 
 Ovfi'a-Kft) * * 
 (Odvaroi) 
 0<5pvPos 
 9<apoLKil<t> * * 
 l<rxvp«s * * 
 
 €l'tTOV**{(>T^TWp) K€<j)aX^** 
 «KPdXX« * * KIlpijTTft) * * 
 
 ^KirX^TTIO * * KIV8VV«V« * * 
 
 ■ciXXt|viKws * * Kpf]s 
 
 ^ftirilTTW * * Kptvtt * * 
 
 p>dvris * 
 \i.iv<a * 
 vdinj 
 
 Ol^KOl * * 
 
 ol(av6s 
 6pd(a * * 
 (rTfiup^u) 
 
 OpvTTCi) * * 
 
 (Siwpv^) 
 
 ov8auov * * 
 o<|>((Xw 
 o4>0aX(i6s * * 
 
 fixerj 
 
 irai8cv(i) * * 
 vapayyiKXu * * 
 
 irapardTTCD * * 
 irdcrxw * 
 
 TrilTTW * * 
 
 irXfjOos 
 irX^v 
 
 irXTjorfos * * 
 irXi^TTw * * 
 iroviia * * 
 ir6vos * * 
 irbTcpov . . . T|' 
 irov 
 
 irpoOvucos * * 
 •irpoa^pXO(iai** 
 
 WpOTp^XW * * 
 
 irvv6dvo)iiai 
 irvp * 
 
 ^qi8ios * * 
 <rt)|Aa{vA> * 
 
 (TKtVO^Opiti * * 
 
 HI: 
 
 'J I 
 
 f 
 
 li'-i 
 
r 
 
 292 
 
 WORD GROUPING. 
 
 a-rrtlpa * * <r<|>6Spa * 
 
 «rW\X«* * (iiTL- (rwTT]p(a * * 
 
 (TToX:^, ardXas) Tapdrrw 
 
 0-TpC<t>(d * * TC(VU * * 
 
 {aTpeirrds) TcXcvraios * * 
 
 r(\i(a * * rpipw * * 
 
 ri\i.v<a * * VTT&yoi * * 
 
 T€TTapdKovTa** viroXcCiro) * * 
 T'^KW * <}>a(v(i> * * 
 
 rp4\<a * * ^Btlpu * * 
 
 XaXcira(v(i) * * 
 Xi<ov* 
 XpvcCov * * 
 wvios 
 
 884. EIGHTH WORD LIST. (Lessons LXXI.-LXXX.) 
 
 'A9T]vaios * 
 attrxvvo) * * 
 atxp-dXiOTos * * 
 oXCo-KOfiai * * 
 d\\(i)s * * 
 d|jiapTdv<i> 
 a.vayiyvu)<rK<a* * 
 dvaTC9T]|ii * * 
 dv(<rTt]|Ai * * 
 
 dircifii * * (elfii) 
 diro8c£Kvv|jii * * 
 diroSiSpaaKw * * 
 dirdXXvfii * * 
 AirdXXiav 
 diroiropcvcfJiaL^ * 
 'ApKds 
 avTOv * * 
 d(|>tT](ii * * 
 PaCvo) * * 
 ^aKTr\pLa* * 
 Pia((i)s * * 
 yippov 
 
 yiyvuxTKU) * * 
 {yviiifiT)) 
 
 y6w* 
 
 8cCKVV|il * * 
 (diddffKw) 
 8^pp.a * * 
 Sipa * * 
 8«'«* (bind) 
 8iaPa(v(i> * * 
 8iaT(0Tini * * 
 8i8paaK()) * * 
 
 {8p6fji,os, rp^xco) 
 8£8«nt**(5u)poj') 
 8i€Xavv«** 
 8vva)i,ai * * 
 (dSi/yaroj) 
 8v(i> * * 
 
 £k8^Po> * * 
 ^HirfnirXTjiAi* * 
 
 CVbVO) * * 
 
 c|aK6<rioi * 
 
 tTTtip.1* * (elfjn) 
 itnB(iKVvp.i* * 
 iirlKap.ai * * 
 ^ir((rTa|iiai 
 
 ^7riTt9T)|il** 
 
 tvpLtTKia 
 i^i<rTr\\u, * * 
 |t]X(i)t6s * 
 6av)ta<rT<is * * 
 iT^nt* * 
 
 iiririKos * * 
 
 ICTTtJIJll** 
 
 KdOT|p,ai * 
 Ka9(a"rr]p.i * * 
 KaCircp * * 
 Kdv8vs 
 KaraKi^o) * * 
 
 Karao-xfto* * * 
 Kcifiai * * 
 
 Kovioprds 
 
 Kpc)Jidvvvp.i 
 
 KpCiris * * 
 
 Xav9dva> * * 
 {dXrid'^s, dX^- 
 deia, Xdffpqi) 
 
 Xcvk6s * 
 
 X(9os * 
 
 ftavOdvd) * 
 
 Mapcvas 
 
 p.i\(\.**{iTrifi€\i- 
 
 ofiai, d/ieX^w) 
 (JlCTdirCp.lTTOS * * 
 
 (iifjiroTc * * 
 |ii(r9o(|>opd * * 
 vcKpds * 
 vc4>^Xt| * 
 
 ot8o * * 
 oCxofiai 
 oXXvjAi * * 
 (dXeffpos) 
 Sp.vvp.1. 
 
 r/ 
 
 ocros 
 iroXxdv 
 
 'n-apa8(8(*>|i.i^^ 
 ir((j,irXT]p,i * * 
 
 (ttX^Pijs, irXrjdos) 
 irXidi** (irXoiov) 
 irpo8iaPa£vu * * 
 irpo8(8(i)fi.i * * 
 irp6ci|ii * * (eJ/ut) 
 irpocXavvw * * 
 irpoti)|ii * * 
 
 irw 
 
 pidi* 
 
 o-aXirC^o) * 
 o-T^<|>avos * 
 crvfAp,ax£a** 
 o-vvoiSo* * 
 <rwvT£9T]|jii * * 
 (r(D(}>pocrvvT) * * 
 r(9T|p,i, * * 
 
 TlTpc&O-Kb) 
 
 T6|€vp,a * * 
 
 toctoBtos 
 
 Tpoir^ * * 
 
 Tvyxavci) 
 
 uiroirTCiia) * * 
 
 voTTcpaios * * 
 
 <j>^p(i> * * 
 {filer do<p6pos, 
 <rKevo(f)6pos) 
 
 (j>9dv(i) 
 
 <)>Xvap^(i) * * 
 
 ((>XvapCa * * 
 
 XaXcirws * * 
 
 XpvaoxdXivos** 
 
i\cira(v(i) * * 
 civ* 
 ivcCov * * 
 
 IS 
 
 I) * 
 
 XirC^ci) * 
 ^<)>avos * 
 H(j,a\£a** 
 voiSa * * 
 vt(0t]}jii * * 
 <j>po(rvvT) * * 
 
 It]|jii * * 
 -pcoo-Kb) 
 
 jtvfta * * 
 rovTOs 
 
 w^ ** 
 
 9irTCV(i) * * 
 
 rcpaios * * 
 )(i) * * 
 
 ucr6o(pbpo%, 
 Kevo(f)6po9) 
 iva 
 
 uap^o) * * 
 uSpCa * * 
 ^cirws * * 
 iaoxdXivos* * 
 
 VOCABULARIES. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 M 
 

 A HH RE VI AT IONS. 
 
 acr. =ap('usativo. 
 
 jict. — iU'tivc, -ly, 
 
 adj. =a(l,ii'c'tivt', -ly. 
 
 adv. = adverb, adverbial, -ly. 
 
 antec. = antecedent. 
 
 aor. = aorist. 
 
 apod. =aiK)d().si8. 
 
 art, = article. 
 
 (/. = coti^fer, compare. 
 
 coniiii. =('onini()nly. 
 
 conip. = comparative. 
 
 cond. —condition, conditional. 
 
 donj. = conjunction 
 
 const. = construction. 
 
 contr. = contraction, contracted. 
 
 dat. = dative. 
 
 def. = definite. 
 
 den)., demon. = demonstrative. 
 
 dep. = deponent. 
 
 dim. = diminutive. 
 
 dir. = direct. 
 
 disc. =discoui"8e. 
 
 Dor. = Doric. 
 
 e.g. = for example. 
 
 end. = enclitic. 
 
 Eng. = English. 
 
 esp. = especial, -ly. 
 
 etc. = and so forth. 
 
 f., ff. = following. 
 
 feni. = feminine. 
 
 f ut. = future. 
 
 gen. = genitive. 
 
 i.e. =that is. 
 
 impers. = impersonal, -ly. 
 
 impf., imperf. = imperfect. 
 
 imv. = imperative. 
 
 indec, inded. = indeclinable. 
 
 indef. =: indefinite. 
 
 indie. = indicative. 
 
 jndir. = indirect. 
 
 inf., iiidn. --= infinitive. 
 
 interr. = interrogative, -ly. 
 
 intr., int runs. r= intransitive, -ly. 
 
 Lat. = Latin. 
 
 lit. = literal, -ly. 
 
 nuiac. = masculine. 
 
 nud. = middle. 
 
 neg. —--negative, -ly. 
 
 neut. = neuter. 
 
 No.. Nos. = Number, Numbers. 
 
 uom. r- nominative. 
 
 obj. =1 object. 
 
 opt. = optative. 
 
 orig. = originally. 
 
 p., pp. = page, pages. 
 
 part., partic. = participle. 
 
 jiass. = paasiv(% -ly. 
 
 pers. = person, pensonal, -ly. 
 
 pf., perf. = perfect. 
 
 pi., plur. ^^ plural. 
 
 pipf., i)lup. = pluperfect. 
 
 post-i)osit. = post-positive. 
 
 pred. = predicate. 
 
 prep. =prei)ositi()n. 
 pres. =i)resent. 
 
 pron. = pronoun. 
 
 prop. = proper, -ly. 
 
 prot. = protasis. 
 
 refiex. == reflexive, -ly. 
 
 rel. = relative, -ly. 
 
 sc. = S(yilicet- 
 
 sec. = second. 
 
 sing. = singular. 
 
 subj. ^= subject. 
 
 subjv. = subjunctive. 
 
 subst. == substantive, -ly . 
 
 sup., super. = superlative. 
 
 fi.v. = sub voce. 
 
 tr., trans. = transitive, -ly. 
 
 voc. = vocative. 
 
YOCABULAIMES. 
 
 ••f JCi< 
 
 I. GREEK-ErsTOLISH VOOARTTLARY. 
 
 In tlio follow inn; Vociibuliiry tin. v.'rh stoiii of ojich siuiplo vorb is f,MV(Mi in 
 parenthesis .lii-ccdy after Mk. preHciit indi.-alive, unless this stem iip].."Hrs uurh.iunvil 
 in tlH, present, indicative.. The verb stem and principal parts of a c...i,ponnd verb are 
 not ^^ven if the- sinipl.. verl) o,vurs elsi^wben, in tlu; Vocabulary or presents no 
 dinicultu'S. Arabic numerals refer to tli(! sec-tionsof this book or totln^ illustratii.ns- 
 in tlie hitter case the abbreviation " N(»." precedes. ' 
 
 The derivation of most words is indicated within I)ra(rket8 or by means of tho 
 dafrj,^er, whi.-h points up (J.) or down (t) or in both .lirections (J) to some simpl.-r 
 related word or words. If no indication oj' tlu* d(>rivation is alvvu, the etymol..;.ricHl 
 connection of the word is unknown, (h)ul)lful, or too dithcult to be dis.-nssed h'ere 
 (ir(^(.k words within brackets whiidi are printed in bhutk-facc! letter oc.-ur in the body 
 of th(( Vocabulary, 'i'he parts of compound words are separated by a hyphen. 
 
 d-, an inseparable particle, (1) nega- 
 tive; (2) copulative. 
 
 &, see OS. 
 
 'APpoKdjAtts, a (Dor. gen.), 6, Ahro- 
 comuH, satrap of riioenicia and Syria, 
 and commander of one fourth of the 
 king's army. 
 
 d-yo-yeiv, dYd-y^l, etc., see dyu. 
 
 d-yaGds, i), 6u, (i;5, 577, 7r)t), good in the 
 broailest sense (as oppo.sed to KaKds), 
 brave, expert, upright, noble, useful, 
 excellent; dyaOdv, t6, good, good thing; 
 pi., good things, blessings, supplies; 
 KaXds Kal dyaOSs, KaXbs KayaBb's, noble 
 (Hid good, ' gentleman.' 
 
 HyyiWoi (dyyeX), dyyiXQ, ijyyei\a, 
 vyyeXKa, 17776X^101, TiyyiXO-qv, 501, briny 
 ne.ms, announce, report. 028. 
 
 d"y"y€\os, ou, 6, 141 [angel, ev-ange/ist], 
 messenger, scout, envoy, herald. 
 
 d-yttpw (dyep), riyeipa [Lat. yrex, 
 crowd, Eng. pan-egyric], collect. 
 
 jd-yop^, aj, 17, 40, assembly, meeting, 
 place of assembly, Lat. forum, esp. 
 market-place, market; dfKpl dyophv 
 TrXT^Oovaav, about the time of full market, 
 forenoon. 
 
 id-yopdtcD (dyopab), dyoodtro), eti;, 178, 
 frequent the market, buy, purchase; 
 mid., buy for oneself. 
 
 )■ 
 
M 
 
 &7pios 
 
 &YP^os, a, o;/, l.'U [dyp6s. field, Lat. 
 ager, IOmk. acki;], ranyiny the Jiclds, 
 loild. 
 
 ayta, dfw, riyayov, ^xa, ^y/xai, VX^V^, 
 i)(>, 77(), 871 [Lilt. (t(fo], Hctyoing, drive, 
 lead, hriiKj, eonduef, carry, eomeij ; 
 intrans., lead on, march, go; dYwi*, 
 dyoi/T€s, with. 
 
 |dY<iv, wj/oj, 6, 840, 745 [Kng. agony], 
 a bringing together, asseinbli/, contest, 
 struggle, games ; dyQm ndivai or noiuv, 
 hold games. 
 d8€\4>6s, ov, 6, 04, brother. 
 td-8iK^w, dStK^oj, etc., 282, be unjust, 
 do lorong, wrong, injure, vvitli fut. mid. 
 as i)ass. ; pres. as pf., have done xorong, 
 be in the wrong, and so in tlie pjiss., be 
 wronged, have suffered wrong. 
 
 |d-8(KTi(i.a, aros, t6, wrongdoing, of- 
 fence. 
 
 a-8iKos, ov, 282 [8£kh], unjust, wicked ; 
 &3\Kos, the wrongdoer. 
 
 n-8vvaTos, ov, 4(i2 [8vvap,oi], unable, 
 powerless, impossible. 
 
 tfi, adv., 527 [Lat. acnum, age, Eng. 
 KVKK, ayk], always, ever, from time to 
 time. 
 
 'AOiivo, as, Tj, Athena, the patron 
 goddess of Athens. See Nos. 0, 40, 
 50, ()0, (53. 
 
 I'Aeiivai, Qv, al, Athens. 
 
 I'Aetjvaios, a, 01/, 73.3, Athenian; 
 'AdrjvaTos, 6, a7i Athenian. 
 
 depo£j;« (ddpoi8), ddpolffw, etc., 04 
 [d(?/)6os, in a body], iness close together, 
 collect, as troops, Lat. cdgd; mid. 
 intrans., muster. 
 
 al, al', see 6, 3$. 
 ^ alv^o), aiviau, fiveaa, yvcKa, ^'"?Mat, 
 Vf^Ov, 871 [alvos, ^a/e, pmzse], praise. 
 
 4 dKpdrroXis 
 
 olp^w (ai/oc, f\), alp-fi<TU], dXov, vprfKa, 
 Wvp-ai, ripieT)v, (iU), 871 [di-aeresis. 
 heresy], take, seize, capture; nud., 
 take for oneself, choose, prefer, elect. 
 ols, s('(> 8s. 
 
 olo-edvojioi (aiffO), ahe-fiaofiai, iffOb- 
 Mv, vffdrjfiai, (120, 871 [aesthetic], per- 
 ceive, learn, see, observe; witli gen., 
 hear, hear of. 028, 840. 
 
 olo-xpds, 4, 6i>, 548, shameful, base, 
 disgraceful. 
 
 jalo-xuvw (alaxvv), alaxvpw, wx^fa, 
 Wx^v^vv, 004, shame; mid. as i)ass. 
 dep.,/ee/ ashamed, feel ashamed before, 
 stand in awe of. 
 
 airiia, alTi/iaco, etc., 327, ask for, beg, 
 demand. 838, 
 alrto, dy, ^, blame, censure 
 |alTido|iai, aiTiiaofiai, etc., mid. dep., 
 410, 6/a7uc, reproach, accuse, charge. 
 
 alxH-A^wTos, 0)/, 005 [alxfi-^ (for dK-t^T?, 
 r/. oKpos), spear point, spear, +d\£<rKo- 
 fiat], captured by the spear, taken in 
 loar, captured; alxfidXuroi, ol, cap- 
 tives. 
 
 dKivdKtis, 01^, 0, 202, short sword, a 
 weapon carried by Persians, Medes, 
 and Scythians, worn on the right side, 
 su! pended from a belt, over the hip. 
 See No. 11. 
 
 c.KOvrLltc (dKovTiS), dKovriC) [dKuv, 
 javelin, dart, cf oKpos], hurl the javelin, 
 hit with a javelin, hit. 
 
 dKOVd), dKoia-o/xai, ijKovcra, dx^Koa, 
 7iKoija0r]i>, 327, 871 [Lat. caned, take 
 care, Kng. acoustic], hear, learn, hear 
 of, listen to, give heed to. 028, 84(5. 
 
 tdKpd-irQ.X.o, f„?, i}, 478 [+ ifdXis, 
 Eng. acro-polis], upper city, acropolis, 
 citadel. 
 
 II 
 
[di-aeresis, 
 ure; mid., 
 fcr, elect. 
 
 ro/xai, xi(t66- 
 fhetic], pcr- 
 with gen., 
 
 leful, base, 
 
 1. as j)asH. 
 tned before, 
 
 ik for, beg. 
 
 mid. dep., 
 , charge. 
 (for aK-i/xT], 
 
 + elX£<rKO- 
 
 ', taken in 
 , ol, cap- 
 
 ' sword, a 
 s, Medes, 
 right side, 
 I- the hip. 
 
 'hejavelin, 
 
 lued, take 
 •am, hear 
 18, 84(;. 
 
 acropolis, 
 
 aKpos 
 
 aKpoe, a, Of, 18H [Lat. aeies, sharp 
 edge or point, Kiig. Kixiio, ac/we, acro- 
 bat], pointed, at the point, highest, top- 
 most; &Kpoi>, t6, height, summit; to. 
 &Kpa, the heights. 
 
 dX^TTjs, ov, [a\iu), grind], lit. 
 grinder, only iis adj. in the phrase ficoj 
 d\^T77s, upper mill-stone, marked dd in 
 No. (i(). At the right of the upper 
 figure, not quite one half of the out- 
 side of the mill 
 is shown; at the 
 loft, a vertical sec- 
 tion. The stone 
 base is m.arked 
 «, and terminates 
 above in the cone- 
 shaped lower 
 mill-stone o, in 
 the top of which 
 is set solidly a 
 heavy iron peg 
 (a in the lower 
 figure). The up- 
 per stone dd is in 
 
 the form of an hour-glass, the lower 
 half revolving closely upon c. The 
 upper stone is closed at its narrowest 
 part by a thick iron plate '6 in the 
 lower figure), in which there are five 
 holes. The peg in the upper part of c 
 {a in the lower figure) passes through 
 the liole at the centre of this plate ; 
 through the others, arranged round it, 
 the grain, whicli was put into the up- 
 per half of dd, or the hopper, passed 
 downwartl. When the upper stone was 
 turned by means of the bar/, the grain 
 gradually worked its way downward, 
 and was ground into flour in the groove 
 
 No. 66. 
 
 5 GlXw(ro|iai 
 
 e by the friction of tlie two nnigh sur- 
 faces, and fell into the rill b below. 
 td-\^6cia, OS, 7j, 178, truth, sinccritij. 
 td-\i)0cv(>>, oK-qeeixTU), riX-fjOevaa, speak 
 the truth, tell the truth. 
 
 A-Xij0^s, is, 420, 752 [Xovedvw], un- 
 concealed, true ; rb AXrjeis, the truth. 
 
 aX((rKO|iai {d\, d\o), dXwaofxai, idXuv 
 and rJXwj/, idXwKa and ijXuKa, 701, 871, 
 be captured, taken, caught, l)e convicted; 
 used as p;iss. to alpiu. 
 
 tdXXd, adversative conj., 2;]r> [neut. 
 plur, of dWoj with changed accent], 
 otherwise, in another way, on the other 
 hand, still, but, yet. It introduces 
 something different from or opposed 
 to what has been said before, and 
 occurs frequently after negatives. At 
 the beginning of a speech, by way of 
 an abrupt transition, or to break off 
 discussion, loell, ivell but, however, for 
 my part. 
 
 tdXXdTTw (d\Xa7), dWd^w, ^XXa^a, 
 ^XXaxa, vXXayfiai, v'XXdxdv'' and ^X- 
 Xdyrjv, 578, 871, make other, alter, 
 change. 
 tdXX^Xwv, reciprocal pron., 440, 7()l 
 [par-allel], of one another, each other. 
 aXXos, T), 0, 150 [Lat. alius, other, 
 Eng. ELSK, allo-pathy], other, another; 
 with the art. , the other, the remaining, 
 the rest, the rest of; fiXXot AXXws, Lat. 
 alii aliter, some one way, others an- 
 other ; with numerals and in enumerat- 
 ing objects, besides, further ; oid^i^&XXo 
 ij, nothing else than, only. 
 
 jaXXws, adv., 6(i4, otherwise, in an- 
 other way ; dXXws ttwj, in some or any 
 other tmy. 
 
 dXwo-ofjiai, see dXlaKOfmi. 
 
 i 
 
 if', 
 
&|ia 
 
 &HO, adv., 212 [[<at. Himul, at the 
 mine time, Kui-. samk, somk], at the 
 same time, Uujvther; dfia rp i,n^p<f, at 
 daybrcah ; dfxa tj} iirioiari ijfi^pif, as 
 the next day was break imj. 8(14. 
 
 Ajiotciv, 61/05, 77, an Amazon. The 
 Amazons wcro a mytliical, warlike 
 raco of wonn'ii, the ideal of ffnialc 
 bravi'ry and stirni-Mi. They have a 
 prominent |)laee in (ireek Mytholofry 
 and are fre(]nently represented on 
 Greek works of art. See Nos. 14, (if). 
 4.&H-a|o, 7;$, 1), (;;} [+ a^w, d^wr, axle, 
 Lat. axis, (uh\ En«,^ axi.kJ, a heavy 
 wa(fan, ori,i,nnally with four wheels 
 (and therefore with two eonneeted 
 axles, as the name signifies). See 
 No. i;5. 
 
 j.d|*-a|iT6s, 6v, pasftabic for waynns ; 
 odds d/uLa^irds, wagnn-road. 
 
 OfiapTdvw (d/xapr), duapn^ao/xai, Tjfiap- 
 Tov, rip.dpTy)Ka, rjudpTrnxai, rifxapTpyju, 
 7;W, 871, miss the inark, miss, fail 
 (in conduet), err, do wrong, commit 
 error. 845. 
 
 d-nax«(, adv., .'541 [fidxrij, ivithoid 
 fighting, without a struggle. 
 
 dfMivwv, ov, gen. ovos, comp. of dya- 
 dds, 577, better, braver, stouter. 
 
 d-neX^w, dpe\T^(rw, etc., 440 [fi^Xei], 
 be carelesx, neglect. 84(5. 
 
 dn<})f, prep., 2;55 [akin tt) &,*<))«, cf 
 Lat. aynbi-, amb-, in composition, 
 round about], orig. on both sides of, 
 hence about, followed by the ace. and 
 very rarely by the gen.; with gen., 
 about, concerning, of things ; with 
 ace, of place, round, about, of persons, 
 countries, or things; of the object 
 affected, dp.<f)l (TTpdrevfia dawaudv, spend 
 
 G 
 
 dvaYiYvwoTKw 
 
 money on an army ; of time, about, at ; 
 with numerals preceded by the art., 
 ahimt, Lat. circifcr. ol dfxipi with an 
 ace. of a person may denote either the 
 followers of that person or that jx-rson 
 • and his followers, as ol dpL<f,l (iaaiX^a, 
 the him/s aftendants, but ol dpi<f>l Xupl- 
 <To<t>ov, Chirisophns and his men; rd 
 dfKpl Ta^ds, tactics. 
 
 In composition dn<pi Higuiiivs on both 
 sides, about. 
 
 d(i<J)i.X<Yw, Hpcak on both sides, have 
 a (iis])iiti , (/uarrcl. 
 tdn4)dT€pos, d, ov, 4(12, both. 
 &ji<|)« [akin to dji(f>£, cf Lat. wnbo, 
 both, Kng. noTii], both. 
 
 &v, a post-i)ositive partich^ without 
 an exact ecjuivalent iii English. Two 
 uses of &v are to be distinguished : 
 I. In conditional, relative, and tem- 
 poral protases. See 817, 524, 5:5;}, 5;54, 
 6;}5. Here di^ unites with the particle 
 el (forming iAv, iv, or riv), and sonu'- 
 times with the relatives. II. In apod- 
 osis. See .'{()7, mi, 5.'W, 5;{4, 585. 
 &v, contracted form of idv. 
 dvd, prep, with ace, 285 [Eng. on], 
 np (opposed to Kard). Of place, up, 
 up along, upon, over, throughout; with 
 numerals to signify distribution, at 
 the rate of, dvd iKardv, by hundreds, a 
 hundred each; to express manner, d^A 
 Kpdroi, up to one^s strength, at full s})eed. 
 In composition dvd signifies up, back, 
 again, and is somethnes simply inten- 
 sive. 
 
 dvo-Pa(vw, go up, ascend, march up, 
 
 titOUnf. 
 
 dva-Yi-yvwo-Kw, 701, knoio again, rec- 
 ognize, read. 
 
ahout, at, ; 
 Mh^ iut. , 
 I with an 
 ("itlicr Mir 
 lilt pcnson 
 
 ifitfil Xfipi- 
 III en; rd, 
 
 k's oil both 
 
 idc.H, have 
 
 at. tvnbo, 
 
 witlioiit 
 ^li. Two 
 siuislu'd : 
 iiid tcm- 
 
 ' pavti('l(> 
 1(1 sonie- 
 In apod- 
 535. 
 
 '^ii.ii;. on], 
 iU'c, up, 
 ut; with 
 tion, at 
 ulreils, a 
 iicr, di'dt 
 iUs])cc(L 
 ip, back, 
 y inteii- 
 
 xrch up, 
 
 lin, rec- 
 
 dvdYKT) 
 
 dvd-yKt), rjs, ij, 4<52, force, nccenHlty, 
 constraint; dvdyKri iari (moro often 
 without i<TTi), it in nccemiry, oncmunt, 
 ot physical necessity. 
 
 dva--yvovs, see iva-yiyvibffKw. 
 
 dva-iAifivxfo-Kw, remind of. 8:58. 
 
 dva|vp(S«s, i^ujp, al, trounerit, worn 
 by the Orientals, but not by Greeks. 
 They were close-lit tin-,' and often were 
 liif,dily ornamented in the weavinj? of 
 the cloth and by embroidery. See Nos. 
 14, 57, 58. 
 
 dva-o-WXXw, ()20, send back, repulse. 
 
 dva-o-x^o-dai, etc., see dv-^x^- 
 
 dva-TopdTTw, stir up; pf. pass., be 
 in confusion or disorder. 
 
 dva-T€£vw, (520, stretch up, hold up. 
 
 dvo-T(0Tjni, (;i>5, put or lay uj)on. 
 
 dv8pdiro8ov, ov, t6, (UIH, slave, esp. 
 captive taken in war. 
 
 dv8p€ios, o, ou, 5!)8 [dv^p], manh/, 
 brave, valiant. 
 
 jdvSpcUs, adv., 51)8, bravely, courage- 
 ously. 
 
 dv-€i\ov, sec dv-aipiu). 
 
 dv-^o-Ttjv, see dv-laryifii. 
 
 dv€u, improper prep, [akin to nep. 
 prelix d-], without, followed by the 
 gen. 
 
 dv-^X", J>"pf- and aor. mid. with 
 double augment, ■fjveix^'nv and 7)1/6(7x6- 
 M'?", 578, hold up; mid., control one- 
 self, tolerate, endure. 
 
 dv-^YOYov, see dv-dyu. 
 
 dv^p, dv5pb^, 6, .'}40, 74(1 [andr-oid], 
 man, Lat. uir, as opposed to woman, 
 youth, or child, in contrast with the 
 generic dvepuno^. 
 
 ov0pa)iros, 01', 6, ij, 78, 741 lanfhropo- 
 ^ogy,phil-anthropy], man, huvianbelng, 
 
 7 &{io« 
 
 Lat. homo, one of the human race 
 as opposed to a higher or lower order 
 of beings; (Contemptuously, person, 
 fellim; pi., men, persons, people. 
 
 dv-Co-TTjui, 707, make stand up, rouse 
 up, start up, raise up; mid., with i)f. 
 and 2 aor. act., stand up, rise, get up. 
 
 dv-o£Y«, ap-ol^ut, du-^(f,^a, dW^la and 
 dp-^VXa, dp-^<f}yp.ai, dp-((f5xl)rjp, (j(54, 871 
 [otyw, open], open up, open. 
 
 dvT-o-yopdtw, buy in exchange. 
 
 dvTt, prep, with gen., 141 [I.at. ante, 
 before, Eiig. \-long, \s~s,ver, anti-dote], 
 orig. facing, over against, against; 
 hence, instead of, for, in place of, in 
 preference to, in return for. 
 
 In c(mipositi(m (i«'TLsignifiesa7ains«, 
 in opposition, in return, in turn, in- 
 stead. 
 
 J.dvT(os, d, OP, .set against, opposite; 
 dpTloi Uvai, go to meet ; (k tov dprlov, 
 from the opposite side. 8();{. 
 
 dvTi-irapoo-KivdJonai, prepare one- 
 self in turn. 
 
 &v«, adv., (!2{) [dvdj, above, up, on 
 higher ground, upwards, into the air, up 
 country; comp. dvwr^pw, sup. dpwTdrw. 
 
 d|fvT], -qi, 4.'50 [Lat. ascia, axe, Kng. 
 Axic], axe, Lat. bipennis, with double 
 head, used for chopping and digging. 
 See Nos. .'J2 and 07. 
 
 No. 67. 
 
 a|toc, d, ov, i;n , 750 [&Y«, the rout of 
 which originally meant imigh, as well 
 as lead, drive], weighing as much as, 
 worthy of, deserving, valuable, bqfitting, 
 
Ill 
 
 i 
 
 worth; iieut., A^iov {sc. icrl), be worth 
 while, becoinimj ; toWov d^ioj, worth 
 much, of great value; wXelovoi d^ios, 
 more valuable i)r serviceable; rXdarov 
 d^toy, 7nost valuable. 85;}. 
 
 |d|i<5w, d^nljaio, etc., 578, think Jit, 
 deem worthy or proper, expect; hence, 
 claim, ask, demand. 
 
 dir-aYY^XXw, 5!>1, bring back loord, 
 announce, report. 
 
 d7r-aYoptvA> [dyopevo), harangue, say, 
 d-yopiij, say no, forbid; iiitr., give up 
 or out. 
 dir-d-yw, 5^08, lead away or back. 
 dir-oiW«, 422, ask from, demand, 
 demand back. 
 
 dir-aX\dTTci», 578, change off, aban- 
 don, quit, go away, depart, loithdraw, 
 act. and mid.; pass., be freed from, be 
 rid of. 
 dira|, numeral adv., once. 
 d-irapdo-KCvos, ov, 410 [irapao-Kcv^], 
 unprepared. 
 
 &-iras, d(Ta, av, 2()4 [a- copulative 
 (commonly d-) +^05], all together, all, 
 whole, entire; with the art. it has 
 pred. position, as Uvau rb ix^aov, the 
 entire space between. 
 
 &ir-ci|jii (ef/ii), 728, go off or away, 
 depart. 
 
 dir-cXavvci), 827, drive aioay ; intr.. 
 march, ride, or go away. 
 dir-€\0(tfv, see dir-ipxotxai. 
 di-irtp, see Sa-irep. 
 
 dir-^pXO|Aai, 508, come or go away, 
 depart, retreat, desert. 
 
 atT-i\<a, 488, keep off' or aivay ; intr. , 
 be away from or distant, Lat. dlsto ; 
 mid., keep oneself from, desist or 
 refrain from. 
 
 8 
 
 'AtrdWwv 
 
 dir-i]«i, see dn-eifii (flfii). 
 
 air-f(KQov, see dn-^pxofiai. 
 
 dir-U?/oi, etc., see dir-et/it (el/xi). 
 
 dirXdos, 6v, 60V, eontr. oOs, ij, oOv, 
 2!>2, 751, simple, frank, sincere, Lat. 
 simplex ; t6 dirXovp, sincerity. 
 
 dir6, prep, with gen., 141 [Lat. ab, 
 Eng. OK, off], from, off, off from^ 
 away from. Of place, from, away 
 from; of time, fro7n, after, starting 
 from; of source, including origin, 
 from ; of cause, on, upon ; of means, 
 by, out of, by the aid of, by means of, 
 with. 
 
 In composition dwd signifies from, 
 away, off, /n return, back, but is some- 
 times simply intensive, and sometimes 
 almost neg. (arising from the sense of 
 
 on 
 
 airo-^Kireoi, look away from all other 
 objects at one, look steadily. 
 
 diro-ScCKvv[ii, 713, jwint out, make 
 known, appoint; mid., set forth one^s 
 views, declare, express. 840. 
 
 diro-8i8pi£(rK(D, 707, run away, desert, 
 escape by sisalth, abandon. 
 
 diro-evtj'o-Ka), (JIO, die off, die, bekilled, 
 be slain, be put to death, suffer death. 
 
 diro-Kptvo}iai, 501, give a decision, 
 make answer, answer. Lat. responded. 
 
 diro-KT€(va), 501, kill off, put to death. 
 
 diro-Xetiro), leave behind, forsake, 
 abandon, desert. 
 
 dKr-6XXv|ii, 713, destroy xdterly, kill; 
 mid. with 2 pf. and plpf. act., perish, 
 die, be lost. 
 
 'AirdXXwv, WTO J, 6, 713, Apollo, one 
 of the greatest of the divinities of the 
 (ireeks, god of music and poetry. See 
 No. 53, where, clad in long under- 
 
Ps, rj, ovv^ 
 cere, Lat. 
 I, 
 [Lilt, ah, 
 off fronif 
 »///, aioa]/ 
 , darting 
 g origin, 
 3f means, 
 means of, 
 
 ics /ro?n, 
 t is sonic- 
 onietimes 
 t3 sense of 
 
 . all other 
 
 ut, make 
 )rth onc^s 
 
 ly, desert, 
 
 . be killed, 
 f death, 
 decision, 
 '^spondco. 
 
 to death. 
 
 forsake, 
 
 'rlij, kill ; 
 ., perish, 
 
 olio, one 
 
 
 -^s of the 
 
 
 try. See 
 
 
 ' under- 
 
 
 diro\wX(Ka 
 
 garment {xiribp) and clilamys (xXo/u«5s), 
 he is represented, with linife in hand, 
 as abont to flay Marsyas. 
 
 dir-oXwXcKa, see dv-dWD/xi. 
 
 diro-Wnir«, 1H8, send off or atoay, let 
 (JO, send home, remit ,- nud., ncnd away 
 from onrsdf, dismiss. 
 
 airo-irXio), sail from the side of, nail 
 away or home. 
 
 diro-iropeuojiot, 085, (jo off, depart. 
 td-TTop^o), dTTop^ffu, etc., CAW, be in 
 doubt, he at a loss, act. and mid.j be 
 in want of. 848. 
 
 a-iropos, ov, V.n [ir6pos], without 
 means, impracticable; of roads, moun- 
 tains, or rivers, impassable, unford- 
 able; Awopov, t6, obstacle, difficulty. 
 
 dir6-ppr]Tos, oi> [ipH], not to be told, 
 secret. 
 
 diro-o-irdw, 044, draw off] separate, 
 withdraw. 
 
 diro-o-T^XXw, 052, send back or away 
 with a commission, despatch, dismiss. 
 
 dwo-o-Ttp^w, rob. 838. 
 
 diro-Wnv«, 015, cut off] sever, as 
 parts of the body, and so as a military 
 phrase, intercept. 
 
 aiTO-^aivo), 591, show forth ; mid., 
 shoiv one's own, declare, express. 
 
 diro-xtop^w, ;318, go away, depart, 
 retreat, withdraw. 
 
 diro-t)/T]4>(^o(iai, vote no, 
 vote against, reject by vote. 
 
 itiTTw (a0), (Xi/'w, ■^\f/a, ^/x/iac, 
 vHv [Lat. aptus, fit, Eng. 
 apse], lay hold of, fasten, 
 kindle; mid., touch. 845. 
 
 apa, post-positive particle 
 of inference, therefore, accord- 
 ingly, then. 
 
 9 
 
 &P)ia 
 
 opo, int(urogative particle, surely? 
 indeed f, but often best expressed in 
 Kng. by the intonation ; ap oi, Lat. 
 nimne, expecting an aflirmative answer. 
 t'ApoPfa, a^, 7], Arabia. 
 'Apdpios, a, oy, Arabian. 
 'Apd|tis, ov, 6, the Araxes. 
 tdp-yvptos, a, ov, contr. ovs, a, ovp, 202, 
 751, of siloer. 
 
 tdp-yvpiov, ov, t6. Ml, silver, silver 
 money, coin, 
 
 dpYvpos, ov, 6 [dpyds, lohite, Lat. 
 argentum], silver. 
 
 dpcT^i, ^y, 17, ;J8<), goodness, virtue, 
 courage, valor, good service. 
 
 'Apioios, ov, 6, Ariaeus, the lieu- 
 tenant-general of Cyrus, and comman- 
 der of his barbarian forcfe. 
 
 dpiOftds, ov, 6, 212 [arithmetic], 
 number, enumeration, extent. 
 
 'Apfo-Tiiriros, ov, 6, 101, Aristippus. 
 
 opio-Tos, 77, ov, bll, fittest in any 
 sense, best, bravest, noblest. 
 
 'ApKds, dSos, 6, 722, an Arcadian. 
 
 opKTos, 01^, 17 [arctic], hear; the con- 
 stellation Ursa Maior, the north. 
 
 &PHa, oTos, t6, 255, 
 744, ivar chariot, Lat. 
 
 if 
 
 Ml 
 
 No. 68. 
 
ctpird^w 
 
 10 
 
 dcnrft 
 
 currus, still used by the Persians in 
 the time of the Anabasis for lighting, 
 but employed by Greeks at this time 
 only for racing. The Persian chariots 
 were sometimes fitted with scythes, 
 and were then called Speiravrjtpdpa. See 
 No. 41). For Greek chariots, see Nos. 20, 
 GO, 08, 90 ; for a Persian chariot. No. 45. 
 
 opirdj^w (dpirad), dpirda-w, Tipwaaa, 
 ripiraKa, rfpnaaixai^ ijpTrdadriv, 50 [Lat. 
 rapid, seize, tear, Eng. harpy], seize, 
 capture, carry away, plunder. 
 
 'ApTo-y^po-iis, ov, 6, Artagerses, com- 
 mander of the king's body-guard. 
 
 'ApTo|^p|T]s, ov, 6, 131, Artaxerxes 
 IT. , eldest son of Darius II. 
 
 'ApToirdTTis, ov, 6, Artapates, the 
 confidential attendant of Cyrus. 
 
 "ApTcitis, i5os, 7), 50H, Artemis, sister 
 of Apollo, patroness of hunting. See 
 No. 09. 
 
 tdpxaios, o, ov [archaeo-logy], old^ 
 ancient; rh dpxaiov, adw., formerly. 
 
 tdpx^, V^, Vy 124 [mon-archy'\, he- 
 ginning, rule, province, government, 
 satrapy. 
 
 opx«, dp^o), iipka, ^py/xai, ripxe-qv, 
 235 [arch -angel, etc.], he first, hi point 
 of time hegin, take the lead in an 
 .action, he the first to do it; in point of 
 station rule, reign over, command, 
 have command; mid., begin, enter 
 upon an action. 845, 847. 
 
 dpxwv, ovTos, 6, 282, ruler, comman- 
 der, leader, chief, a higher title than 
 arpar-qytis, 
 
 do-Kds, ov, 6, leathern bag, wine-skin. 
 See No. 10, where an da-Kds rests on 
 the top of the pedestal. 
 
 do-ir£s, ISoi, 7], 255, 744, shield, in shape 
 either oval or round. The large oval 
 shield covered the hoplite from his 
 neck to his knees ; it was convex on 
 the outer side ; about its outer edge 
 ran a continuous rim of metal, fas- 
 
 No. 69. 
 
 No. 70. 
 
 tened with nails. It was often embla- 
 zoned with a device. See in purticu- 
 
'ogy], old, 
 )rmerly. 
 rchy], be- 
 >vernnient, 
 
 t, in point 
 ad in an 
 ti point of 
 command, 
 in, enter 
 
 comman- 
 title than 
 
 wine-skin. 
 rests on 
 
 i, in shape 
 arge oval 
 from his 
 onvex on 
 uter edge 
 letal, fas- 
 
 m embla- 
 I particu- 
 
 dtrrpd 
 
 ilTTW 
 
 11 
 
 PdXavot 
 
 lar No. 34. A peculiar form of the 
 oval shield, called Hoeotian, had aper- 
 tures at tlie side. See No. 8. The 
 round or Argolic shield (No. 71) was 
 similar to the oval shield in most 
 respects except its shape. Since it 
 was too small to cover in action the 
 lower part of the body, a flap was 
 
 No 71. 
 
 often attached to it. See No. 55. 
 When not in use, the shield was cov- 
 ered. See No. 80, where the cover is 
 being removed. See also Nos. 9, 12, 
 14, 19, 20, 25, 30, 37, 00, 62. 
 
 do-TpdiTTft) {dcrpair), rfaTpa\pa, flash, 
 glitter. 
 
 oo-Tv, ewj, t6, 478, 748, town. 
 
 d.o-4)aX^8, h, 429 [o-«J)d\\a)], not 
 liable to be tripped up, safe, free from 
 danger, sure, secure; iv da^paXeffripip, 
 in greater security; iv d<r0aXe(rTciTv, 
 in the safest place. 
 
 j.d-<r<|)aXws, adv., 561, safely, securely, 
 without danger. 
 
 &-TOKT0S, ov [rdTTw], in disorder. 
 
 d-Tifidt« (arr/xaS), aT'iixaau), etc., 141 
 [d-Tt/xoy, lolthout honor, rl\ii\], dishonor, 
 disgrace. 
 
 au, adv., 235, again, in turn, more- 
 over. 
 
 aCpiov, adv., to-morrow, Lat. eras; 
 i] avpiov {sc. rjn^pd), the morrow. 
 
 tavT£Ko,adv.,472,a« this very moment, 
 immcdintebj, on the spot. 
 
 tavTdei, adv., 502, in this or that very 
 place, here, there. 
 
 tavTo-fioX^w, desert, the regular mili- 
 tary word. 
 
 tavTd-noXos, ov, h [+ p\ih(TKU) {no\, 
 /m\o, /3Xo), go], deserter. 
 
 ovt6s, ifi, 6, 161, 759 [auth-entic, 
 auto-crat], intensive pron., self, same, 
 him, her, it. 160. 
 
 javToi), adv., 695, in the very place, 
 here, there. 
 
 avTov, see iavrov. 
 
 d<J>', see dir6. 
 
 a.^-f\<na, see dtp-tyjfii. 
 
 d<|>.tTj|ii, 733, send away, let go, let 
 loose, let flow. 
 
 d<j>.iKv^o(Aai, 462, come from one place 
 to another, arrive, reach, return. 
 
 d<|).i'inr€vw, 449 [IViros], ride back 
 or off. 
 
 oxpi, conj., until. 
 
 B 
 
 BaPvXcSv, wpos, T), 548, Babylon. 
 jBa^vXidvCs, as, 17, Babylonia. 
 tpdOos, ouj, Tb [bathos], depth. 
 PaOvs, era, i), 602, deep. 
 pa£v« (/3a), ^-fiaofiai, ^^-^v, piprjKa, 
 pi^a/xai, i^dOriv, 101, 871 [Lat. uenio, 
 come, Eng. come, basis], go, loalk. 
 
 j.pOKTT)p£a, as, ij, 695, sta.ff', walking- 
 stick, so commonly in use among the 
 Greeks that it was carried even by 
 soldiers afield. See Nos. 1, 30, 36. 
 PdXavos, ov, i], acorn, date. 
 
 t < 
 
pdXXo) 
 
 12 
 
 yip 
 
 PdXXw iftaX), /iaXw, r/SaXoj/, ftift\r)Ka, 
 ^ifiXrifiai, ^fi^djjp, 091, 871 [pro-b/em, 
 s>/>n-bol], throw, throw at^ hit, hit with 
 HtonoH, Mfone. 
 
 tpap^apiKds, tJ, 6i/, 178, foreign, bar- 
 barian ; t6 papfiapiKdv (sc. ffTpdrevfxa), 
 the Persian force of Cyrus. 
 
 ipapPapiKws, adv., 508, in the barba- 
 rian tnmjue, e.g. in Persian. 
 
 pdp^apos, ov, 94 [barbarous], not 
 Greek, barbarian, foreign ; pdp^apoi, 6, 
 a foreigner, barbarian. See No. 67. 
 
 -fBao-CXcios, ov, 170, royal; ^aalXeiov, 
 t6, and ' aalXeia, rd, palace. 
 
 Pao-iXcvs, ^ws, 6, 608, 749 [basilica, 
 basilisk], king, Lat. rex, esp, the king 
 of Persia, when the art. is regularly 
 omitted ; irapd ^aa-iXeT, at court. 
 
 \^a<ri\t\)ia, ^aaiXeiffu, i^afflXevaa, 318, 
 be king. 
 
 iPao-iXiKds, tJ, 6v, royal, the king^s. 
 Pav, Pav, bow, wow, Imitation of a 
 dog's bark. 
 
 tp^TioPTos, Vi ov, 577, most desired, 
 best, noblest, most advantageous. 
 
 P<\Tt(i>v, OV, 677 [PovXo|iai], more 
 desired, better, nobler, more advanta- 
 geous. 
 pca, aj, ^7, force, violence, Lat. uis. 
 
 I^idtopiat O'aS), ^idao/jLai, etc., 418, 
 force, compel, overpower. 
 
 iPiaCus, adv., 673, violently, hard. 
 PiPdtw (i3i/3a5), /3tj3(f(rw or /3ij8a), ^/Si- 
 /3o(ra [Potvw], make go. 
 
 P(p\os, ov, 7} [Bible, biblio-graphy], 
 book, Lat. liber, existing among the 
 Greeks of historical times in the form 
 of the roll. See No, 1, where the 
 central figure holds a roll in his 
 hands. 
 
 p{o$, ov, 6, 648 [Lat. nluus, alive, 
 Kng. yi'icK, bio-grap/iy], life, living. 
 
 pXdwTw (fiXaji), fiXdr^u, Jf/3Xofa, 
 fi^(iXa<pa, jiifiXaufxai,, i(iXd(p6r)v and 
 i^Xdji-nv, (138, 871 [ftXd(i-n, hurt], in- 
 jure, hurt, damage, harm. 
 
 pX^irw, ^Xi\pw, ifiXe\pa, look, turn 
 one^s eyes, face, point. 
 
 tPodo), (ioTfiaop.ai, i^b-qaa, 276, shout, 
 call out, cry out. 
 
 Po^, rji, i}, shout, call, cry. 
 |pOTf-6^(a, fioy)0-f)<Tw, ifioT/jOtjaa, /Se/Soi)- 
 OrjKa, (it^oT^drj/jLai, 488 [+ 6<«], run to 
 rescue at a cry for help, give assistance, 
 bring aid, help, assist. 800. 
 tPovXcvu, /3ou^elJ(7■w, etc., 60, plan, 
 plot; comm. mid., form one'^s own 
 plan, plan, consider, deliberate, pur- 
 pose, determine, settle on. 
 tPovX^i, Tjs, T}, will, plan, deliberation. 
 
 PovXo|Aai, ^ovXi](Toixai, ^e^oiXrjuai, 
 i^ovXi^drjv, 308, 871, will, wish, desire, 
 he ivilling, like. 
 
 povs, /3o6y, 6, t], 608, 749 [Lat. 60s, 
 ox, cow, Eng. cow, bu-colic], ox, cow, 
 pi. cattle, oxen. 
 
 Ppaxvs, «a, i [Lat. breuis, short], 
 short ; ir^Teadai ^pa-x^i have a short 
 flight 
 
 Pp^X"> ^/3/)c?a, pippeynai, ipp^x^yjv, 
 wet, pass, get loet. 
 P«n6s, ov, 6, 508, altar. See No. 38. 
 
 7dp, post-positive causal conj., 116, 
 for; when it expresses specification, 
 confirmation, or explanatinn, because^ 
 indeed, certainly, then, noiv, for exam- 
 ple, namely ; in questions, then, or to 
 
rowXfrrjt 
 
 13 
 
 8ap<iK^f 
 
 be omitted in translation ; koI yip, 
 Lat. etenim, and {this is so) for, and 
 to be sure, and really. 
 rou\fTt]s, ov, 6, GaulUes. 
 yi, enclitic and post-po.sitive intens. 
 particle, (529, even, at least, yet, indeed, 
 certainly, but often to be indicated in 
 Kng. only by empluusis. 
 ytytvf\(r6ai, yiyova, see ylyvofxai. 
 •y^vos, ovi, t6, 472 [vC-yvonoi, Lat. 
 yens], family, race. 
 yippov, ov, t6, ODG, wicker-shield. 
 ^■yippo^dpoi, u)v, ol [+<},<p«], light- 
 armed troops loith wicker-shields. 
 
 y4puv, oPTOi, 6, 256, 744 [(/. Ypavs], 
 old man. 
 
 •y€v«, ye^ffio, Hyewa, y^yev/xai, 548 
 [Lat. gusto, taste, Eng. choose], give 
 a taste; mid., taste. 846. 
 y(<\fvpa, as, i), 63, 739, bridge. 
 y% T^Js, V, 292, 742 [apo-gee, geo- 
 graphy], earth, ground, country, Lat. 
 terra, land as opposed to sea. 
 
 JY^-\o<j)os, ov, 6, 409 [\<J4>os], mound 
 of earth, hill, hillock. 
 
 yiyvoiiai (yev), yev^ffOfiai, iyeu6/j.r)v, 
 yiyova, yey ^vrjfxai, 472, 871 [Lat. gigno, 
 produce, bear, Eng. kin, kind, hydro- 
 gen, genesis], be born, become, be made, 
 happen, take place, occur, and with 
 many other meanings to be deter- 
 mined from the context, such as arise, 
 fall upon, get, dawn, draw on, fall, 
 accrue, be favorable, amount to, prove 
 oneself to be. 
 
 y<.yv6a-K<a (ypo), yviI,<TopLai, iyvwv, 
 ey^Ka, fyvuxTfJiai, iyviSiffd'qv, 701, 871 
 [Lai. nosco, learn, Eng. can, ken, 
 KNOW, dia-gnosis], perceive, know, 
 understand, learn, think. 628. 
 
 y\aii, K6i, i], nwl. The owl was a 
 part of the device on Athenian cohis. 
 See Nos. 6, 16, 46, 60. 
 
 ■yvwfiTj, 7;j, i,, 691 [-yiYvcio-Kw, Eng. 
 gnome, gnomic], opinion, plan, under- 
 standing, judgment; Avtv rrjs yythfitji 
 Tiv6s, against one's will; ffiirinnX&i 
 Tiju ynbnr)v, satisfy one's desire. 
 "Yvwvoi, 7v«<ro|ioi, see yiyvuvKw. 
 y6w, ybvaroi, t6, (596 [Lat. genu, 
 knee, Eng. knee], knee. 
 
 •ypoOs, ypads, ij, 608, 749 [cf yipnv], 
 old woman. 
 
 •ypd<{)«, ypd\p(a, liypa\pa, y^ypa<pa, 
 y^pafifxai, iypdtpriv, 204, 871 [Lat. 
 scrlbo, write, Eng. graphic, grammar, 
 etc.], make a mark, draw, write, de- 
 scribe. See No. 60, where Athena is 
 writing on a wax tablet with the 
 stilus. 
 
 t-yvjivAjw [yvfivab), yvp-vivu, etc., train 
 naked, exercise. 
 
 tvvjAv^s, rjTos, 6, 629, light-armed foot- 
 soldier. 
 
 •ywjivds, 7^, 6p [gymnast], naked, 
 stripped, lightly clad. 
 
 yvvil, yvvaiKds, i/, 508 [vtYvonai (yvfi^ 
 orig. meant 'mother'), Eng. miso- 
 gynist], woman, wife. 
 
 SaKpvft), daKpdaw, i86.Kpvaa, deddKpvfxai 
 [duKpv, tear, Lat. lacrima, tear, Eng. 
 tear], shed tears, weep. 
 
 Adva, UP, rd, Dana, a city. 
 
 Sairavdci), SaTrorTycrw, etc., 439 [dawavri, 
 expense], spend, expend. 
 
 AdpSas, oTos, 6, the Dardas, a river. 
 tSaptiKis, ov, 6, daric, 116, a Persian 
 
 ,'<<iul 
 
 
 
Afipcios 
 
 14 
 
 8i& 
 
 
 gold coin. It contained about 125.5 
 grains of gold, and would now be worth 
 about $5.40 in American gold. The 
 daric passed current as the equivalent 
 of 20 Attic drachmas. See No. 22. 
 
 Aapcios, ov, 6, 124, Dar'ius, the name 
 of many of the Persian kings. 
 
 8aa-|x6$, oO, 6, 150, tax, impost, tribute. 
 
 Z(, post-positive conj., 83, but, mid- 
 way in force between dXXd and Kal. 
 Its adversative force is often slight, so 
 that it may be rendered by and, to be 
 sure, further, etc. (ilv is often found 
 in the preceding clause, and (ikv ... 5^ 
 then have the force of while . . . yet, 
 on the one hand . . . on the other, or 
 both . . . and, but generally these ex- 
 pressions are too strong to be used in 
 translating into English, and the force 
 of fxiv had better be indicated simply 
 by stress of the voice (see fx^p). Kal. . . 
 34, and (5^) also, but further. 
 
 -8€, suffix denoting whither, or with 
 demonstrative force. 
 
 8c8i<&s, 8^8oiKa, see delSw. 
 
 8^X1 > 8€Tj0<ivai, 8€i, see diu, lack. 
 
 8c(8o), deiffofiai, ^deiaa, SidoiKa and 
 didia, 335 (pres. not Attic), fear, be 
 afraid, of reasonable fear. 
 
 8c(kvv|ai (deiK), Sel^w, ISet^a, S^Seixa, 
 5^5ei7/ioi, idelxOv", 713, 787, 871 [Lat. 
 died, say, Eng. teach, token, para- 
 digm], point out, indicate, show. 
 
 8c(Xt|, tjs, 17, afternoon, evening. 
 
 8€iv6s, -fi, 6v, 124 [8€£8«], dreadful, 
 perilous, terrible, marvellous, skilful, 
 clever ; Seivdv, t6, peril, danger. 
 
 S^Kss,, indecl, [Lat. decern, ten, Eng. 
 TEN, decade], ten. 
 
 S^vSpov, ov, t6, 212, tree, Lat. arbor. 
 
 8€$i6s, A, 6v, 102 [Lat. dexter], right; 
 71 Se^td {sc. xe^p)» ihe right {hand), used 
 either in indicating direction, or with 
 \a^€iv Kal Sovvai as a sign of confirma- 
 tion ; rb bei^ibv {sc. K^pas), the right 
 {wing). 
 t8^P|ia, oToy, t6, 696, hide, skin. 
 
 h(p<a, depu), fdeipa, d^dapfiai, iddpTjv, 
 713, 871 [Lat. dolo, split, Eng. tear, 
 epi-dermis], flay. 
 
 8cvpo, adv., 422, hither, here. 
 
 8cvT(pos, a, ov [8vo], second; Sein-epov, 
 as adv., a second time, Lat. iterum. 
 
 Si\o\ka,i, di^o/xai, iSe^diirjv, didey/xai, 501 
 [pan-dect, synec-doche], receive what 
 is offered, take, accept, admit, await. 
 
 84«, d'^arcj, fdrfffa, 5^5e/ca, diSefxai, 
 ididijv, GGi, 871 [dia-dem], bind, fasten, 
 tie, fetter, shackle. 
 
 hiut, Scijtrw, ^^iy]aa, 8e84r)Ka, 8edi7]fxai, 
 id'-^drjv, 356, 871, lack, want, need; 
 comm. mid., lack, need, want, desire, 
 beg, request; dei, used impersonally, 
 there is need, it is necessary or proper, 
 one must, ought, should. 848. 
 
 8^, post-positive intensive particle, 
 204, now, indeed, in particular, accord- 
 ingly, so, then, but often its force is 
 best indicated simply by emphasis. 
 
 8{)Xos, r?, ov, 472; plain, clear, evident, 
 manifest. 
 
 |8t)X<5«, drfXibffu, etc., 282, 783, make 
 clear. 
 
 8id, prep, with gen. and ace, 116 
 [8wo], orig. between, then through ; with 
 gen., used of place, time, or means, 
 through, during, throughout, by means 
 of.. Lat. rtPT : with ace throuah. bv 
 means or aid of, on account of, for the 
 sake of, Lat. ob or propter. 
 
ter], right; 
 kand), used 
 on, or with 
 f confirma- 
 , the right 
 
 , skin. 
 
 lai, iddprfVy 
 
 Eng. TEAR, 
 
 iere. 
 
 d; Seijrepov^ 
 . iterum. 
 !^5e7(u:at, 561 
 sceive what 
 lit, await. 
 ca, S^defiai, 
 tind, fasten, 
 
 'ant, need ; 
 ant, desire, 
 i personally, 
 / or proper, 
 i48. 
 
 ve particle, 
 liar, accord- 
 its force is 
 nphasis. 
 ear, evident, 
 
 , 783, make 
 
 i ace, 116 
 'ough; with 
 or means, 
 t, by means 
 through, by 
 t of, for the 
 
 Ma 
 
 In composition did signifies through 
 or over; sometimes it adds an idea of 
 continuance or fulfilment; or it may 
 signify apart, Lat. dt-, dis-. 
 
 Aia, Alt, Ai6s, see ZciJs. 
 
 8ia-Pa(vw, 707, go over, cross. 
 
 Sia-pdXXw, throiu over, throw at with 
 words, slander, traduce. 
 
 8ia-paT6s, tJ, 6v, 365 [8ia-pa(v«], 
 fordable, passable. 
 
 8i-d-y«, 598, of time, pass, spend, 
 live, continue. 
 
 8ia-Kd<rioi, ot, o [8iio + 4KaT6v], 200. 
 
 Si-apirdSw, 116, tear in pieces, plun- 
 der, lay waste, sack, spoil, ravage. 
 
 8ia-(nrda», 335, draw apart, separate, 
 scatter, of soldiers. 
 
 8ia-<rir€£p(D, 652, scatter about, scatter. 
 
 8io-cr<{)5«, 462, bring through safely, 
 keep safe, save. 
 
 8ia-TdTTw, post at intervals, draw up 
 in array. 
 
 8ia.T«X^«, 578, finish, complete the 
 march, continue. 
 
 8ia-TCet)ni, 695, arrange, dispose. 
 
 8ia-Tptp«, 573, rub through, spend, 
 ■waUe time, delay. 
 
 bio.<j>e€(p«, (S9.^^ destroy utterly, ruin, 
 corrupt. 
 
 8i8daK« (diBax), SiSd^w, idlda^a, deSi- 
 Saxa, 8€dl5ayfiai, iBiUxd-nv, 400 [akin to 
 8€(Kvv|ii, Eng. didactic], teach, instruct, 
 show, Lat. doceo. 838. See Nos 1 
 36. ' 
 
 8i8p^rrK« (Spa), dpiffo/xai, ^dpav, S^- 
 Sp&Ka, 707, 871 [tread], run. 
 
 8(8«fAi (do), Sdaw, UwKa, d^BuKa, 
 S^douai^ me-nv, 701, 785, 789, 871 [Lat. 
 do, give, Eng. dose, anti-dote], give, 
 grant, permit. 
 
 15 
 
 8pd)ioi|ii 
 
 8i-€\ovvci>, 733, drive or ride through. 
 8i-^X«, hold apart, be apart. 849. 
 8i.(<rTtjni, set apart; mid. and 2 aor. 
 act. intr., stand apart, open ranks, 
 stand at intervals. 
 
 t8(Kaios, a, ov, 365, just, right, reason- 
 able, proper. 
 J8iKa(«s, adv., 365, justly, rightly. 
 8tKTi, Tjs, 7), 141 [syn-dic], custom, 
 right, justice, punishment, deserts. 
 816, for 81 S, wherefore. 
 8ts, adv. [8iio], twice, Lat. bis. 
 j8i<r-xt>ioi, o£, a [+xtXioi], 3000. 
 8i<|)e^pa, aj, ij, 422, tanned hide, 
 leathern bag. 
 
 8£<j>pos, 01;, 6, stool, the simplest form 
 of the Greek chair, with four legs, 
 either perpendicular or crossed, but 
 without a back. See Nos. 1, 36, where 
 the first form is represented. 
 
 8i«K«, Stci^w, iblw^a, dedlwxa, idid- 
 X^V, 94, pursue, go in pursuit, chase, 
 give chase, prosecute. 
 
 8i.«pv5, vxos, i], 245, 743 [8t-opvTT«, 
 dig through], ditch, canal. 
 
 hoKioi, 86^u, ^8o^a, d^dojfiai, mxerjv, 
 365 [Lat. decet, it behooves, decus, grace, 
 Eng. dogma, para-do x], seem, appear, 
 seem best or good, be voted, think. 
 8opKds, dSos, 7), gazelle. 
 8dpv, oTos, t6, 478 [dpAs, tree, Eng. 
 tree], prop, stem of a tree, then shaft 
 of a spear, and hence spear with long 
 shaft. See Nos. 14, 19, 20, 30, 37, 57, 
 58, 62 ; and for oriental spears, Nos. 11 
 42, 48, 64. 
 8ovvai, etc., see SlSwfu. 
 hovrriu, iooinr-qva [povTOi, din], make 
 a din. 
 8pd)ioifi», 8pa|MV|iai, see rp^xv. 
 
 it: 
 
BpaxuVi 
 
 16 
 
 ^e^x 
 
 (1) 
 
 i-\ 
 
 ^P»XK>^» V^, V, drachma, an Attic 
 silver coin worth about 18 cents in 
 U. S. legal money, ornamented on the 
 obverse side with tlie liead of Athena 
 wearing the close-fitting crested hel- 
 met, and on the reverse with the owl, 
 olive spray, and an inscription con- 
 taining the first three letters of the 
 name of Athens, AeENAI. See Nos. 0, 
 lo, 4(5, 50, 72. 
 
 The Attic table of money is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 (5/So\6j 
 
 
 
 rdXaPTOv 
 
 (J 
 
 000 
 
 8(5000 
 
 SpaxfM^ 
 
 100 
 0000 
 
 fivd 
 
 00 
 
 That is, obols equalled 1 drachma, 
 100 drachmas eciualled 1 mina, 00 
 uiinas equalled 1 talent. 
 
 No. 72. 
 
 t8p€iravii-<|>6pos, ov [+^4p<a], scythe- 
 bearing, of cha'-iots. See No. 49. 
 
 Sp^iravov, ov, t6, scythe. 
 
 8p<i|ios, 01', 6, 422 [8i8po<rK«, Eng. 
 dromedary], a running, run, race, race- 
 course. See Nos. 20, 47. 5p6yuv, on 
 the run, double quick. See No. 34. 
 
 8vvap.ai (Svva), dvv^a-o/xai, ded^PTjfxai, 
 idvPT^eriv, 707, 871 [dynamic], be able, 
 be capable, be strong enough, be puiver- 
 fulf can, be worth, amount to. 
 
 48vva|iis, ewj, ij, 478, ability, power, 
 resources, force, troops. 
 
 8vo,5i;or;',400,757 [Lat.(iMo,Eng. two, 
 
 TwicK, twin], ^wo, sometimes indecl. 
 8u<r- [dys-peptic], ill, hard. 
 
 |8uor-ir6p€VTos, ov [-f- iripos] , hard to 
 get through, of heavy ground. 
 
 8vw, d6<Tio, rSuo-a and ^Svv, d^dvKfi, 
 
 d^Sv^ai, iSvdr^v, 718, 791, 871, make 
 
 enter; intr. enter ; mid., set, of the sun. 
 
 8w-8€Ka, indecl., 488 [8vo + 8^Ka], 
 
 twelve. 
 
 8«pov, ov, rb, 78, 741 [8£8«tii], pres- 
 ent, gift, 
 
 E 
 
 ciiXuKa, f&K<av, see dXlaKOfxai. 
 
 €^v, contr. &,> or -^v, in crasis Kav for 
 Kal edp, conj., 818 [d + av], if, with 
 subjv. 317, 524. 
 
 €-avTov, ^j, ov, reflexive pron., 449, 
 700 [i(4-avT6s], of himself, herself, 
 itself. 440. 
 
 4d», idaw, dava, etaKa, eidfiai, eiddrfp, 
 327, 871, permit, allow, let, let go. 
 
 iy-, for ip before a palatal nmte. 
 
 «YVvs, adv., 502, near, at hand, comp. 
 iyyOrepop, sup. iyyvTdru} or ^yy^rara. 
 
 ^Y-K^<|>oXos, ov, 6, (515 [k€<|)oX^] , brain ; 
 crown, cabbage, of the palm. 
 
 ^Y-KpaT^is, h, 429 [Kpdros], in pos- 
 session of, master of. 855. 
 
 l-yw, ifiov or /J.OV, personal pron., 439, 
 759 [Lat. ego, me, Eng. I, me, egoist], 
 I. 48(5. 
 i€"yw-7c [+7^], I for my part. 
 
 iBiura, see delSu. 
 
 I9{\<a or e^«, (?6'e\7)<ra;, v^^Xrjaa, 
 vOf\vKa, 341, 871, wish, be willing, 
 volunteer. 
 
bility, power, 
 
 luo,V:,ng. TWO, 
 iiiies iiulecl. 
 ard. 
 
 pos], Jiard to 
 Liiu!. 
 
 e5vi>, d^dvKa, 
 , 871, make 
 ^t, of the sun. 
 [8vo + S^Ka], 
 
 BCSufii], pres- 
 
 Konai. 
 
 ^rasis Kav for 
 
 'f-v], if, with 
 
 ; pron., 449, 
 
 ?e(/', herself, 
 
 tdfiai, eid6r}p, 
 % let go. 
 al mute. 
 hand, comp. 
 r iyy\)TaTa. 
 oK-f]], brain; 
 II. 
 ros], in pos- 
 
 i pron. , 439, 
 ME, egoist], 
 
 oart. 
 he willing, 
 
 I0VOS 
 
 ^^''^^^;^-J^r6[ethn,c], nation, tribe, 
 
 ^-r^'.vTi"*'^' ''''"' '"•^'^•- '-^'''l opt. 
 
 nnpLfi '"''' '"^ •^<>-*. 5^<^- mhulirect 
 ^li^e«t <,n.s, ^ohether; ei ^^, ,7 ,,,^ 
 
 -^^-^/m,Lat.,»..,eu;,,,,,;::^ 
 
 €l'o, «l'o<ra, see ^dw. 
 jlSov tLat. uic^e^, Kng. ,v,t, spher- 
 o/aj, see 6/3dw. 
 
 «l'Ko<ri, indecl., 204 [Lat. lunintl 
 twenty, Eng. xvvkntv], twenty. ' 
 
 «KXTj«f)a, ete., see \anpivu. 
 tlXov, €l\<JnT|v, see aip^w. 
 
 cl^C (^,), ^<,o^„, 170, 790 [Lat. «um, 
 i^"ff. AMj, 6e, e;./.9^; with gen. or dat 
 of posse.ssor, Mong, have, possess] 
 f<^ri. It IS possible, one can. 
 
 *yt (0, impf. ia or ijuu, 728, 796 
 if'- "''' "•^' ^«]' fl'o (Pres. indie, with 
 iut sense, 5/ia;; ^0), ;,roce.c/, marc/i. 
 
 ^PP^ev., 610, 871 [Lat. uoc5, call{,sa7 
 
 orders had been given. 009 
 «Is, prep, with ace, properly of 
 
 ^n^o </^e country 0/, sometimes witl 
 n"t L T' '"* ""^^^^"^ P-viou 
 
 f ^^' «^ '^^'^^^ ^^//^emmfier 0/. of 
 theendorobject,m.ei7«rc/^^,; .^ 
 respect to. '-^ ' '" 
 
 ^^^rn^composition ./, signifies in^o, to, 
 
 17 
 
 4XdrT<av 
 
 €ls, Mio, ^1., numeral adj., 618 757 
 one, Lat. mms. ' '' 
 
 «lo--dY«, ^m(Z into or m. 
 
 ./"/^^^/''''•'^'^"^^-'intr.,.,n^«^ 
 (of river.s), invade. 
 
 poA\«], entrance, pass. 
 «l<r-ir7]8d«, S7)r/>iflf into. 
 «to-T^K€iv, .see t'o-r7;M£. 
 *J'<r-,adv.,.'582[4v],m.s/^,,,,,-^^,.^^ 
 «JTa, adv., 2.%, /Aeu, /Aern^^on. 
 
 ";-thantwo,i„forma.superla(;vL 
 i*KdT«pos, d, 0^, each of two, in form 
 a comi)arative. 
 
 oiZt"'^"' adv., 382, on both sides 
 i«KaWpco.o-«, adv., in both dirrctions 
 *KaT6v, indecl. [Lat. centum, Vav^ 
 
 ntM.K,:,,, hecatom-b], 100 
 
 \*^-lf^^%m,thro^o out, expel. 
 
 JK^ adv., 327, ...... ,,«,,,,,, 
 
 I^Kcives, 7;, 0, dem. pron., 161 7(32 
 ^f'f that man there, h^t. ille, m '' 
 jK-KXtv<o, ftenrf o!</, r/iue »my. 
 €K-K0fi(5«, carry out. 
 
 '^^ ^^^oynllow out, surge forward. ' 
 <K-7rX^TT«, 044, strike out of one's 
 .senses, amaze, terrify. 
 
 ^^Wo8c6v,adv.,527[^ovs],ou<o/«Ae 
 «^v, o,Va, 6ui 264, 752, r.eV^^nf?, 0/ 
 
 4;r;: °^' ^"^"- --' ^^^' -^^-^ 
 
JXavvM 
 
 18 
 
 <e 
 
 i ".' 
 
 ^Xavvw (Aa), i\u, ^Xacra, AiJXaKa, 
 iMXafiai, i,\<ker)u, r.27, 871 lelastic], 
 drive, set in motion; intr.; ride, drive, 
 march. 
 
 k\6k\\.<rroi, -n, ov, bll, fewest, least, 
 shortcut, lowest. 
 
 iXciv, c\^o-6ai, sec alpiw. 
 
 l\t\Llu> {i\e\iy), i/XiXi^a, cry AeXeO, 
 raise the war-cry. 
 
 tJXcvOcpCa, ds, 7], liberty, freedom. 
 
 4\cv0cpos, d, OP, free, Lat. liber. 
 
 {X9civ, 4X6(&v, see ^pxofxai. 
 t'EXXds, ciSos, ^7, 282, Greece. 
 
 "IEXXtjv, rjvos, 6, 349, a Greek. 
 4'EXXtivik6s, tJ, 6p, 5G [Hellenic'], 
 Greek ; t6 'EWijviKbv, the Greek army. 
 j'EXXtjvikws, adv., 598, in Greek. 
 
 'EXXVionrovTos, ov, 6, 49(5, the Helles- 
 pont, now the Dardanelles. 
 
 ^Xir(s» ^5os, r), 2r)6, hope. 
 
 4|i-, for iv- before a labial nuite. 
 
 l|i-avTov, ^s, reflexive pron., 449, 
 TOO [k\Li + ovTiSs], of myself. 440. 
 
 jfi-PdXXw, throw in, inJUct; intr., 
 empty (of rivers), make an invasion^ 
 attack. 
 
 i^6Sf tJ, 6p, 449 [Lat. mens, my, Eng. 
 MINE, my], my, mine. 
 
 Slffc-'Trcipos, ou [Iv -\- ircipa], acquainted 
 with. 856. 
 
 4<(L-ir(Cp(i>s, adv., by experience; ifivel- 
 pws avTov 6x«>', be personally acquainted 
 with hUn. 85(5. 
 
 i|A-ir(p.irXtifii, 1^1, fill full, satisfy. 848. 
 
 in-irtirT», 610, fall upon, occur to. 
 865. 
 
 4p,-iroU(i>, create or inspire in, impress 
 upon. 865. 
 
 t4|A-ir6piov, ov, t6, 318, place of trade, 
 emporium. 
 
 <f)i-iropo$, ov, 6 [irdposj, one who 
 travels, merchant. 
 
 i(|i-irpoo-6€v. adv. [irp6o-0«v], before, 
 in front of. 860. 
 
 Iv, prop, with dat., 40 [Lat. in, Kng. 
 in], in; of place, in, among, in ihe 
 presence of, before, at, on, by; of time, 
 in, during, within, at, in the course of; 
 iv To\jT(f}, meanwhile ; iv (^, while. 
 
 In composition iv signilies in, at, on, 
 upon, among. 
 
 jv-S^Karos, t), ov [iv-beKa, eleven, «ls 
 + 8^Ka] , elevhith. 
 
 Iv-8v(*>, 713, put on. 
 
 Sv-cifjii (flfii), be in or there. 
 
 (ivtKa or liv€K«v, improper prep, with 
 gen., post-positive, 416, on account of. 
 
 ^vcvi^Kovra, indecl. [ivv^a], ninety. 
 
 iv9a, adv., 673 [iv], of place, where, 
 there, here; of time, then, thereupon. 
 
 ?vioi, ai, a, some. 
 jivCoTt, adv., sometimes. 
 
 ivvla, indecl. [Lat. nouem, nine, 
 Eng. nink], nine. 
 
 Iv6s, 4v(, see eh. 
 
 ivTavOa, adv., 170 [Iv], there, here, 
 in this place, hereupon, thereupon. 
 
 ivT«v0€v, adv., 204 [Iv], thence, from 
 this place, thereupon. 
 
 <v-t(0ti|jii, 096, put in, inspire in. 
 866. 
 
 lv-TVYxAv«, chance upon, meet, find. 
 866. 
 
 'EvvdXios, 01^, 6, Enyalius, a name of 
 Ares, god of war, 
 
 l|, before a consonant Ik, prep, with 
 gen., 66 [Lat. ex, e]. Of place, out of, 
 from, from within; of time, after, as 
 iK ToiJTov, after this, hereupon, in irai- 
 duv, from boyhood; of source or origin, 
 
nmmmmmm 
 
 H 
 
 19 
 
 one who 
 
 ], before, 
 
 . in, Eng. 
 i<f, in ihe 
 of time, 
 'ourse of; 
 hile. 
 in, at, on, 
 
 leven, «ls 
 
 rep. with 
 '.count of 
 ninety. 
 e, where, 
 reupon. 
 
 n, mne, 
 
 yre, here, 
 pon. 
 ice, from 
 
 spire in. 
 
 eet, find. 
 
 name of 
 
 rep. with 
 3, out of, 
 after, as 
 , iK irai- 
 )Y origin, 
 
 'iriS«(KvO)ii 
 
 from, in consequence of, as ^k roirov, 
 in consequence of this. 
 
 Ill •■ompo.sitiuii ^^si-iii(i(vs/rom,a»m7/, 
 out, often implying rcsokiticn, .strong 
 intention, fulfilment, or comi)letion. 
 
 «|, indecl. [Lat. sex, six, Eng. six, 
 hex-agon], six. 
 
 <|-av-yA\«, tell out, report, esp. the 
 proceedings of a conference. 
 
 ii-6.y<a, lead forth, induce. 
 
 ii-air4ia, 4!)(>, ask from, demand; 
 mid., beg off, save by entreaty. 
 f^aKi<r-xf\ioi, ai, a [+xtXioi], (JOOO. 
 t€|dKis, indecl. [i(|], six times. 
 
 ^a-Kdo-ioi, ai, a, Culi [g| + ^KOTdvl, 
 COO. -■ 
 
 til-OTrardw, i^-awaTifiaw, li'^5, deceive 
 grossly, mislead. 
 
 ^g-airdTTj, 77?, 7) [dirdrri, deceit], gross 
 deceit, deception. 
 
 ^^€lnl (dfil), useil only impers., ^^- 
 eari, 490, it is allowed or possible. 
 
 i^-t\avv<a, 518, drive out, expel; Intr., 
 march, march on. 
 
 «S-€<rTi, 4|-^<rTO,, see ^^-eifii (elfxl). 
 
 ii-tr&tut i^Tad), i^-erdaw, etc. [ird^w, 
 examine], examine closely, review. 
 
 ^^g-^rao-is, cws, ^, 478, inspection, 
 review. 
 
 ^|-iKv^o(Aai, reach a place /row some- 
 wliere, reach the mark, hit. 
 
 ^^o^rX£5«, arm ; mid., arm oneself. 
 
 i^i-oirXi<r(o, as, i,, 015, state of being 
 armed; iv rrj i^on\c<Tl(f, under arms. 
 
 «e«, adv., 49(5 [i^, Eng. exotic], out- 
 side, without, beyond the reach of. 860. 
 
 ^ir-aivi«, ,'}50, bestow praise on, 
 praltst, commend, approve, applaud. 
 
 4x«f, temporal and causal conj., 141, 
 ivhen, since. 
 
 t^ffiiS-dv, conj. with subjv. [+&v], 
 iohen, after, with or without rdxiara, 
 as soon as. 
 
 jWSVi, conj., 508 [+ Syj], ?y/ien. 
 €ir-€i|ii (et>0, 245, be on or upon, fte 
 over. 
 
 Sfir-€i|Ai (cr/it), 728, flfo or come on, fol- 
 low, advance, make an attack. 
 
 iir-i\ia, hold upon, hold back, delay. 
 840. -^ 
 
 irr-f\v, temporal conj. with subjv. [iirtl 
 + dv], whenever, as soon as. 
 
 irri, prep, with gen., dat., or ace, 0;{. 
 With gen., of place, on, upon, i<f>' 
 tinrwu, on horseback, with vi-rbs of 
 motion, towards, in the direction of; 
 of time, in the time of at; of manner] 
 esp. denoting distribution, M rerrd- 
 pt^f, four deep, irl <f>d\ayyos, in the 
 form of a phalanx, in battle array. 
 With dat., of place, upon, on, by, close 
 to, at, iirl 0a\dTTii, on the sea ; of time, 
 M To^Tcp or To^TOii, at or upon this, 
 thereupon; of cause, aim, or reason, 
 for; of possession, in the power of, in 
 command of; of manner, in. With 
 
 ace, of place, on, upon, to, against; 
 
 of extent of space, extending over, over, 
 
 along; of extent of time, for, during; 
 
 of purpose or object, to, for. 
 In composition ^ttI signifies over, in, 
 
 upon, against, in addition, but often 
 
 it is merely intensive. 
 *m-PovX€v«, 94, plan or plot against, 
 
 design. 8(!5. 
 iiri-^ovXii, vs, V, 101 [povX^], plan 
 
 against one, plot^ design. 
 4iri-8«£Kvvni, 7i;j, show to, point out, 
 
 display, disclose; mid., show for one- 
 self, show. 
 
 fill 
 ill 
 
 \^ 
 
 % 
 
 i- ■ ■ 
 
 ft 
 Hi 
 
 n 
 
Ill; 
 
 
 l7ri-80|i^(i>, ^TTi-Ov/x'^ffu}, irr-ffl^firjaa 
 jOvjids], hdve one's heart *»», desire, 
 loiKj for. HHl 
 
 {iri-Kd)iirT(d (ko/utt), iwi-Kafvp(>} \k6,ix- 
 TTTw, bend], bend towards, wheel. 
 
 <ir(-Kfi(iai, 7.'5.'{, lie upon, attaek. 
 
 iiri-K£v8\5vos, ov, !].'»5 [kCvSCvos], d((n- 
 (jeroiis, perilous. 
 
 i-i,-iKovpi]\i.a, aros, rb, ^"11, relief, pro- 
 tection. 
 
 iiri-XcCirw, ;]0(5, leave behind; intr., 
 fail, (jire t>ut. 
 
 {iri-(i(\^0|iai, iiri-iJ.e\Tficroixai, iiri-ne/jLi- 
 Xrjuai, iir-eixe\-^(ir]i', .■)74 [n^Xfi], care for, 
 give attention to. H4(). 
 
 liri-irtiTTw, fall upon, attack, assail; 
 of snow, fall. » 
 
 {iri-o-iT(^0|i,ai {(TiTiS), iiri-ffiTiovixai, 
 iir-eaiTiadfii]!', .'5(i5 [o-iTos], collect or 
 procure supplies. 
 
 4^iri-<rm<rn6s, ov, 6, 410, a procuring 
 of supplies, foraging. 
 
 {ir(orTa|Jiai (^tt terra), iiriffT-fjaofiai, ■^vi- 
 (TTi/lOrjv, 707, 871, understand, know, 
 know how. 
 
 im-<rWX\«, send to, send word, en- 
 join, coninmnd. 
 ^i-m-a-roXi], ijs, i], 141 [epist/e], letter. 
 
 itri-a-Tpartva, 021), make an expedi- 
 tion against. 8(55. 
 
 jiriT^Scios, a, ov, 131, suitable, fit, 
 descrvin(f; ra iiriT-^deia, jyrovisions, 
 supplies. 
 
 itTi-Tl9r\\i.\,, (i95, impose upon, inflict ; 
 SIkt]v iiriTieivai, i)\^ict punishment; 
 mid., attack, assault. 80'). 
 
 iTTi'Tpirriiif 40*2, tar)' o\)vr to, entrust, 
 allow; mid., give oneself up £or protec- 
 tion. 
 
 20 io-TaXji^vos 
 
 ?iro(Jiai ((Tf tt), ?i/'0;nat, f(r7r6/ur;»', .'in , 87 1 , 
 [Lilt. .s7'7«()r, follow], follow, accoin- 
 jxini/, ])ursue. 804. 
 
 iirrd, iiidool., 204 [liiit. septein, 
 seven, lOnj?. hi;vkn, hepta-gon], seven. 
 jiiTTa-ttnn-ioi, ai, a I I- JKardv], 7(/(K 
 tip-yo ' ji- •^7a5), ipydaonai, elpya- 
 ffdij.r]v, t' ./Kfi'i r»7'5, 871, work, do, 
 inflict on. 8:50. 
 
 (fp-yov, 01', t6, 527 [wokk, WHKiirr, 
 wuorcni', en-ergy, organ, s-urgeon], 
 work, deed, execution, exercise. 
 
 «lpT)(jio$, rj, ov, .and oj, ov, .'574 [Aerw/f], 
 deserted, empty, uninhabited, destitute 
 or deprived of; araOixol^pijuoi, marches 
 through a desert. 855. 
 
 ipllta {ipi5), rjpiaa [e/us, strife], strive, 
 contend, vie with. 804. 
 tipiATlvcvs, (fwj, 6, 508 [hermeneuiic], 
 interpreter. 
 
 'Ep|i{)s, ou, 6, Hermes, the Mercury of 
 the Honians, messenger of Zeus. See 
 No. 02. 
 
 Spofiai, Attic only in fut. ip-^aofiai 
 and 2 aor. -^pd/x-qv [cf. Ipoir&ia], ask, 
 inquire. 
 
 cpv|ia, aroj, t6, protection, loall. 
 jlpvfivds, I?', 6f, fortified. 
 
 cpXOfxai {ipx, i'Xvd, i\d), ^XOov, AtJ- 
 XvOa, 508, 871 [pros-e/yte], come, go. 
 
 ipa [Lat. uerbum, Eng. woud], see 
 eiTfor. 
 
 ^purddi, ipioTT/jao}, etc., 275, asfc a 
 question, inquire, question. 
 
 ^<r6((o (^(r^t, ^5, ^So, '/)a7), ^Sop.ai, ^tpa- 
 yov, ^d^/jdoKa, iSrjt.ij ^lat, TjS^crdrjv, ()15, 
 871 [Lat. cdo, eat, Eng. kat], eat, have 
 to eat. live on. 
 
 So-rai, €<roiTO, see elfil. 
 
 i<rra\p.ivos, see aTiWw. 
 
,.'Vn,871, 
 
 ', accitm- 
 
 fivptein, 
 ], seven. 
 '], 700. 
 i(, tipya- 
 yoj'A*, do, 
 
 WUKJIIT, 
 
 -urgeon], 
 
 [hermit], 
 
 dcHtUiilc 
 
 , inarches 
 
 e], strloe, 
 
 feneutic], 
 
 ercury of 
 ;us. See 
 
 ip-f]ffofiai 
 i«], ask, 
 
 wall. 
 
 \()ov, iXifj- 
 >tne, go. 
 )i{i)], see 
 
 5, ask a 
 
 ofiai, ^(pa- 
 
 e-qv, 015, 
 
 eat, have 
 
 ia-Tt, coiij., until. 
 
 io-TtjKiis, JfcrTt]<rav, iarnis, mv Xar-nni. 
 
 i[Ta{o, ^Tdxetjorav, S('(> tAttu). 
 
 Jrcpos, a, OP, ;{;-)() [hetero-dox, hetero- 
 geneous], the other, one of two; with- 
 out, art., another, other. 
 
 in, adv. of time and (l(';r,.(.(., 2(M, 
 1/et, still, further, longer, amj more, 
 again. 
 
 ((Toifios, T], Qv, and oj, oc, 1 78, ready, 
 Vrcpared. 
 
 <Tpd<J)Tiv, see Tpi(f>w. 
 
 «5, iulv., L'132, 106-//, j«d; off, happily; 
 eH TToieTf, do well by, benqfU. 
 
 t€v.8aiftov(5« {eOSaiiiioyid), edSaipionQ, 
 Vv5ain6naa, count happy, congratulate. 
 851. 
 
 t«i-8aiji<Sv«s, adv., 5U8, happily, 
 conip. evSaifiov^arepop. 
 
 ev-haliuav, ov, y^vw. ofoi, 420,752 [tZ + 
 Salfiup, divinity, Ku^. demon], of good 
 fate or fortune, fortunate, happy, pros- 
 perous, flourishing. 
 
 ««eiis, adv., 2;55, straightway, imme- 
 diately, at once, Lat. statim. 
 tcC-voio, dy, ^, 488, good-^o ill, fidelity. 
 1«i-voiKft)s, adv., ;582, with good-iuiil, 
 kindly ; evpoiKws ^x"", be well-disposed. 
 tH-voos, Of, contr. ewovs, ovp, 202 
 [(V + voCs], xoell-dinposed, attached. 
 
 tvpia-Kio (eijp), eOpi^aw, y^lpov, rj'vpr^^a, 
 wpvf^ai, y^vp49r,p, 713, 871,./jnrf, deHse, 
 procure. 
 
 €vpos, ov,, rb, ;mG, 747 \tip<,,, broad], 
 breadth, width. 
 
 ci-TofCa, as, i, [tAttw], good order, 
 discipline. 
 
 Ev({>pdTtis, ov, 6, 102, the Euphrates. 
 
 (i-d>vviKOs, OP, 222 [€« + 6voy.a], of 
 good name or omen, euplieuiistic for 
 
 21 
 
 twvi] 
 
 the ill-oinoned word dpiaTfpds, Uft ; r6 
 evwpvixop, the left winy. 
 
 i^', S('(' ^wl. 
 
 i^ayov, »vv. iaOiw. 
 
 <4>dvTjv, sec (fialvw. 
 
 ««j>a<rov, 'i^art, sct^ 0,;^('. 
 
 'i^y\, 2<})T^(r0a, H('(! ()>rip.L 
 
 ^-(o-TTi^i, 707, bring to a stand, 
 make halt; intr. in ,ni,i., 2 aor., and 
 I'f., stop, halt. 
 
 i\9p6s, d, 6p, .'{82 l^xOoi, hate], hostile; 
 ^xO^pK 0, c,irmy,fac, Lat. host in. 
 
 «X« («X,<rxe),^^u»and (Tx^crw, eV^o^, 
 ^<rxV'<a, llaxwai, 40, 871 [saii,, cp-och. 
 hectic], have, Lat. hobeo, hold, possess, 
 receive, keep, wear; ^x<^p, having, with] 
 with inf.,/>(; able, can; with an adv. 
 f<|nival.'nt to e?mi with an adj., as 
 edpolKW e^xft", he well-disposcd; o^k 
 «xw, not to know; mid., hold on to, 
 eome next to. 
 
 Wpa, IwpoKa, Iwpwv, SCO 6pAu3. 
 i(«s, conj., 5;{7, as long as, while, 
 until. 
 
 tdw, fVw, nni [fw6s, a^iuc, En^'. zoo- 
 logy], live, be alive. 
 
 Zcvs, Aids, 6, 518, Ze)<.s, ,son of Tronns 
 and Hhea, lii<,dies: of the jro,|„. Sco 
 Nos. 52, ()1. 
 
 ttjXdw, ^r)\ib(Tw [f^Xoy, rnu//, Kng, 
 zea/, jealous], emulate, envy. 
 
 U^XwTds, tJ, 6^, (585, to be envied; 
 ^rfKwTbp, an object of envy. 
 
 Mv, Xjav, see Cdw. 
 
 j;t]Ww, f?7T7}{rw, etc., 374, seejfc, asA: 
 /or. 
 
 S<6vTi, 7;j, :^, 5;}7 [70/76], belt, girdle. 
 See Nos. 14, 44, 51, 57. 
 
 1 
 
I! 
 
 i 
 
 22 
 
 6<ios 
 
 ilti 
 
 T|, conj., 472, or; ^ . . . rj, either. . . 
 or ; vdrepov . . . ij, whether . . . or. 
 TJ, conj,, 170, than, Lat. quam. 
 ti, (lilt, siiif,'. ffin. of 6i used adv. 
 (sc. 65v), iu ?o/*/(7i itfav/, where, as. 
 
 TJYY*t\a, see 07 yAXw. 
 
 t^"y€fi,«v, 61/oj, 6, 340, 746, leader, 
 guide. 
 
 'f|-y^O|Jiai, r)yT^(rofiai, rjyriiTdfirjv, ^yijfiai, 
 riyT/i0r}v, 308 [aY«], go before, lead, con- 
 duct, command; think, believe, con- 
 sider. 847. 
 
 xfSciv, ^Sco-av, see ofSa. 
 
 ^8<«s, adv., 188 [ijSiis], gladly; 
 conip. ^Stov, sup. ^SiffTo. 
 
 tj8tj, adv., 204, already, by this time, 
 at length, now, forthwith. 
 
 tii'Soiiai, TfadT/iffofiai, ijadTjv, 356, be glad, 
 be pleased. 
 
 T|8vs, eia, i5, 502, 752 [Lat. sxiauis, 
 sweet, Eng. swket], sioeet. 
 
 T)Ki(rTa, see ijttwv. 
 
 tjKw, 7/^w, 204, come, 6e or have come. 
 
 TJXao-c, see iXaiivw. 
 
 T|X0ov, see ^pxofiai. 
 
 r\)t.ai. {r)i), 700, sit. 
 
 T|(tci$, etc., see iyd. 
 
 Tj|i.«),r)|i^v«s, adv. [formed from pf. 
 pass, partic. of d|icX^a>], carelessly. 
 
 T|(i^pa, as, i), 40 [ep-hemera/], day; 
 rri inioOari iiixipq., next day ; fiiffop iifxi- 
 pas, mid-day, noon : fi/xo t?) w^pqi, at 
 daybreak. 
 
 T|)i,^Tcpos, o, ov, 440 [tinets], our; tA 
 yjixirepa, our affairs. 
 
 ^|ii-, only in composition [Lat. semi-y 
 half-, Eng. he mi-], half. 
 
 jT|jii-8«P<iKdv, ov, t6 [ + 8ap«iK6s], /w^- 
 daric. 
 4T]|ii(rv$, «a, V, 502, /itt(/". 
 
 TJv, contr. form of iiv. 
 
 T|v, see €11x1. 
 
 r\vlKa, \v\. adv., lohen. 
 
 r\vl-o\09, ov, 6 [ifvla, reins, -f i\ia], 
 driver, charioteer. See Nos. 20, 54, 00. 
 
 ][)P^Ot)v, |r{p^|iT)v, see ai/j^w, 
 
 T|p(i(ii]v, see ^pofiai. 
 
 r\<rOi\, see ^Soyuot. 
 
 tTjTTdojiai, ijTTTfiaofiai, etc., pass, dep., 
 380, be inferior, be toorsted or defeated. 
 
 TlTTCDv, 01', gen. ovos, 577, inferior, 
 weaker. 
 
 
 
 OAXarra, r;j, 17, 63, 739, sea, Lat. 
 wmrc. 
 
 fldvaros, ou, 6, 537 [Ovin'o-Kw], (iea^A. 
 
 OdiTTto) (Ta0 for ^o0), ^di/'w, ^^a^a, 
 T^da/jifxai, ^rdipTjp, 573, 871, feitry. 
 
 tOapp^w, Oapp-ffffb), i&dpprfaa, reddpprjKa, 
 652, be bold or courageous, take heart ; 
 OappQv, part, as adv. , confidently, cour- 
 ageously. 
 
 Odppos, ovi, t6 [dare, durst], cour- 
 age. 
 jOappvvw, make bold, cheer, encourage. 
 
 0aTT«v, see rax iJy. 
 
 6avp,dt(<> (OcLVfiad), Oavixdaoixai, iOat'i- 
 fiaaa, Tedai/xaKa, ieavfidaGrjv, 264, 871 
 [eaOfxa, wonder, Eng. thaumat-urgy], 
 wonder at, admire, loonder. 
 
 46av|iaa-T6s, 77, 6v, 685, wondrous, 
 loonderful, surprising, remarkable. 
 
 6(^o(iai,, Oedaofiai, etc. [theatre], gaze 
 at, behold. 
 
 Ocao-Oai, by contr. for deieffffai, 
 
 Oeios, d, OP [Ocds], diviiie ; deTop, t6, 
 divine intervention, portent. 
 
-••V 
 
 -0«v, Humx denoting whence. 
 
 e«6s, oO, 6, 1^, 1 1(5 \iheo-lo(j,j, theism], 
 god, (joddesH. 
 t0€TToX£a, ay, ^, Thessaly. 
 
 0«TTa\ds, ov, 6, 101, a Thessalian. 
 
 e<« {0v), 0ti'>ffonai, run, race; of 
 troopH, charge. 
 
 ®^P, «5s, i> [Lat. ferus, wild], wild 
 bcant. 
 
 |eT|p«i>«, eijp^iliau, etc., H\,hunt, catch. 
 Spg No. 45. 
 jOtiptov, ou, t6, 83, wiW ttnima/, 
 
 -6i, sulKx denoting where. 
 
 Ovijo-Kw (^av), davovfiai, HOavop, ridvrjKa, 
 010, 871, die, pf. and 2 pf., 7li), 2, 
 &e tiead, 6e slain. 
 
 OcipvPos, 01;, 6, 020, noise, disturbance, 
 uproar. 
 
 0p$S, /f6s, 6, 245, n Thracian. 
 
 0O|xPpiov, 01^, t6, rhymbrium. 
 
 Ovfids, oD, 6, soMf, Aeari. 
 
 evpa, dj, i], 40 [Lat. /oris, (/oor, Eng. 
 iK)OK], door; ^TTi ra« /3a<rA^wj %a«, 
 a< coMr< ,• so %at of a general's head- 
 quarters. 
 
 tev<r(a, as, 17, sacrifice, offering. See 
 No. 0. 
 
 ev«, ^()<rw, ^^Ccra, r^^u/ca, T^f^uyttat, 
 imdvu, 110, 871, saor^/ice; mid., cause 
 to sacrifice, offer sacrifice. 
 
 te«paKCt« (0o,paKc8), idwpdKiaa, reOw- 
 pdKia^at, iOu>pdKla0r,u, 044, arm with a 
 cuirass; mid., put on one's cuirass. 
 
 e<ipa|, a/coj, 6, 245 [thorax], breast- 
 plate, corselet, cuirass, worn not only 
 l)y the heavy-armed foot-soldier but 
 also by the cavalryman. Hie Ocbpd^ 
 consisted of two metal plates made to 
 fit the person, of which one protected 
 
 23 
 
 Up6s 
 
 the breast and abdomen, Mic other the 
 back. TJM.y were hinged on one sides 
 and buc^kled on the other. Tln.y were 
 further kept in place, by leathern 
 straps passing over the shoulders from 
 behind and fastened in front, and by 
 
 No. 73. 
 
 the belt. About the lower part of the 
 breastplate was a series of flaps of 
 leather or felt, covered with metal, 
 whicli protected the hips and groin of 
 the wearer. See Nos. 12, 17, 20 25 
 30, 37, 02, 73, 81. ' ' 
 
 18^, ISciv, etc., see opdu. 
 
 K810S, d, OP [idiom, idiosyncrasy], 
 one's own, personal, private. 
 jlSniTus, ov, 6, 422 [idiot], an ordi- 
 nary or private person, private soldier, 
 private. 
 
 Upds, d, 6p, 490 [hier-Tchy, hiero- 
 glyphic:], holy, sacred; Upd, rd, sacri- 
 fices, omens from inspecting the vitals 
 
 :iJi 
 
fi)Hi 
 
 24 
 
 Ka6((rTT]|ii 
 
 "if (Of V(r(>>, i7fa, er»ca, er/Lio(, ei'^rji', 
 
 73;{, 7!»7, 871, send, throw, hurl at; 
 
 mid., send o)iesdJ\ rnii/i, charye. 845. 
 
 tlKavds, Vi ^"^ 150, cuininy up to, 
 
 sufficient, able, eapable, competent. 
 
 lKvio\kai. {Ik), i^ofxat, iKdfirfv, ly/xai, 871, 
 cume. 
 
 t\H, 779, ri, crowd, band ; of cavalry, 
 troop. 
 
 ilidriov, ou, t6, o«^er garment iv.sein- 
 blinji; the mantle, himation, coiTespond- 
 ii»«^ ill use to the Homa!! toga. See 
 Nos. 1, t), 8(5, 37, 39, 52, 01, (!{), 88. 
 
 V'va, final particle, that, in order that, 
 32(5. 
 
 tlirircvs, ^ws, 6, 508, horseman, knight, 
 cavalryman ; pi., cavalry. See Nos. 
 17, 20, ;53. 
 
 tliririKds, ■^i 61/, (585, /or cavalry, cav- 
 alry-; ImriKdv, t6, cavalry, horse. 
 tlirTrd-Spoiios, ov, 6 [+8pd(ios], race- 
 course, hippodrome. 
 
 iiriros, ov, 0, 7], 78 [Lat. equus, 
 horse'], horse, mare; atrb or ^0' i'TTTrou, 
 on horseback. 
 
 No. 74. 
 
 t<r0i, I'o-fjLcv, e<c. , see oUa. 
 
 Ho-os, T/, Qv [iso-sfelesl, equal. 
 
 I<r(ro£, wj', 01, Issius. 
 
 l'o-TT]ni ((^ra), (TTT](Tu, f<TTr](ra and 
 eo-Tif»', iffT-qKa, iarafiai, i<TTddr)v, 707, 
 78(5, 700, 871, 2 pf. itrraTov, etc., 702 
 [Lat. sistb, make stand, sto, stand, 
 Vav^. stanp, stkm), sti;i;i), apostate, 
 ecstasy, systam], set, make stand, 
 make halt; intr. in uiid. (except 1 
 aor.), in 2 aor., both pfs., and both 
 pipfs. act., stand, stop, halt. 
 
 l<rT£ov, ov. Tit, sail. See No. 78. ' 
 tl<rxvp<Ss, (4, bv, 124, strong. 
 tl<rxCpws, adv., 508, strongly, vehement- 
 ly, exceedingly, vigorously, with severity. 
 
 lo-xvs, iJos, 7} [Lat. u'ls, strength]., 
 strength ; of an army, force. 
 
 I'orws, adv., 548 [£<ros], equally, per- 
 haps. 
 
 IX^vs, t5os, 6, 478, 748 [ichthyo-logy], 
 fish. 
 I'xvos, ov?, t6, trace, track. 
 'Itavla, as, rj, Ionia. 
 
 K 
 
 KaYoGd, Ka^aOds, by crasis for Kal 
 dyaM, Kal dya66s. 
 
 Khyd>, by crasis for Kal iyii. 
 
 Ka0*, see Kard. 
 
 ka9--f\K<a, come doion, reach or extend 
 down. 
 
 KoO-Tinai, 733, 799, sit doivn, be 
 seated; of soldiers, be encamped. 
 
 Ka0-£o-TT|ni, 707, set down, station, 
 bring down or back, bring, establish, 
 make, appoint; mic!. with pf. and 2 
 aor. act. intr., take one^s place, be 
 established. 
 
KaOopdtt 
 
 Ka0-op4«, look down on, observe, 
 inspect. 
 
 Ko(, coiij. , 4r,, awl, IM. d ; influenc- 
 ing i)articuliir words or expressions, 
 also, too, even, further, Lat. diam] 
 Kal . . . Kai (7H), or re . . . Kai (1(51), 
 botfi . . . and, not only . . . but also. 
 
 Ko(-ir€p, concessive particle, 7:i2 [ko( 
 + ir^p], althouyh, with the participle. 
 
 Kaipds, ov, b, 5;]7, the rUjht or fitting 
 time, opportunity, occasion. 
 
 KUKfivos, by crasis for Kal iKeivoi. 
 
 kok6s, ^, 6p, 45, 577, bad in the 
 broadest sense (as opposed to dyadds), 
 base, cowardly, hurtful; KaKbv, rb, 
 harm, evil. 
 
 jKaKws, adv., 282, badly, ill; kukw 
 TTomv, do harm or damage to, injure, 
 ravage; KUKwi ^xfLv, be badly off. 
 
 Ka\iia [KoKe, K\e), kuXQ, iKd\e<Ta, 
 
 K^K\T}Ka, K€K\7IHai, iK'K'^dTJV, 282, 871 
 
 [Lat. calo, call, clamd, call out, Eng. 
 HAi-L, u\L-7/ard, ec-c/esiast/c], call, 
 summon, Lat. uoco, call, name; b 
 Ka\o}ifievoi, the so-called. 
 
 Ka\69, 77, bu, 45, 577 [calli-graphy], 
 beautiful, fair, propitious, noble ; koUs 
 Kal dyadbs, Ka\6s KayaObs, noble and 
 good, 'gentleman.' 
 
 |Ka\ws,adv., 308, beautifully, bravely, 
 loell, successfully, honorably; Ka\w 
 exft", be well. 
 
 Konof, by crasis for kuI i/xoi. 
 
 Kov, by crasis for Kal idv. 
 
 KdvSus, voi, b, 701, a long outer gar- 
 ment, the caftan. See Nos. 11, 64. 
 
 KairiraSoKfo, ds, ij, Cappadocia. 
 
 xxupiu, dy, 7/, Caria. 
 
 Kdp<)>ti, ^s, 7) [Kdp(/)w, dry up], dried 
 stalks, hay, straw. 
 
 25 
 
 KaTa(rK^irTO|iat 
 
 KaxA, prep, with gen. and ace, 212, 
 doion (as opposed to dvd), Lat. sub. 
 With gen., denoting motion from 
 above, down, down from, down upon, 
 underneath. With ace, of place or 
 position, with verbs of motion, on, 
 over, down, down along, by, opposite, 
 against, near, at ; of fitness or relation, 
 according to, concerning ; Kal Kard yrjv 
 Kal Kara edXarrau, by land and Sea ; 
 Kara Kpdroi, with might and main; 
 Kara ^durj, by nations ; (card fx^aop rbu 
 ffradfibv, about the middle of the day's 
 march. 
 
 In composition Kard signifies down, 
 along, or against ; fre(iuently it merely 
 strengthens the meaning of the simple 
 verb, and often cannot be translated ; 
 sometimes it gives a transitive force to 
 an intransitive simple verb (cf Lat 
 dc-). 
 
 KaTo-Pa(v«, go doiun, descend. 
 
 Kar-d-yw, 341, lead down or back, 
 bring back, restore. 
 
 Kara-Gcdofiai, look down on. 
 
 koto-kjSw, 728, burn down, burn up, 
 burn. 
 
 Kara-KoirTw, 212, cut to pieces, slay. 
 
 KOTo-\onPdv«, 4i)0, seize upon, cap- 
 ture, take, surprise, occupy. 
 
 KOTo-Xttira), 212, leave behind, aban- 
 don. 
 
 KttTa-Xww, 537, unloose, dissolve, 
 end, make peace, stop fighting, unyoke 
 (sc. rd viro^ijyia), i.e. make a halt, 
 halt. 
 
 Kara-irT]8d(D, leap doivn, leap. 
 
 KaTtt-irpaTTw, 618, do thoroughly, 
 execute, bring to an end, accomplish. 
 
 KaTa-(rK^7rTop,ai, 430, view closely. 
 
 
Karao-xtCw 
 
 26 
 
 KVT^^ts 
 
 1 
 
 I! 
 
 Kara-o-xttw, 0<54, split down, cleave 
 asKndcr, biirHt thronyh, burnt open. 
 
 KaTa.«j>ov^8, A, 421) [<j>o(v«], dearly 
 seen, in plain sight, visible. 
 
 KaTa-4><i)7(i>, take refuge. 
 
 KaTa-«)/T]4>(to|iai, Ij'Al, vote against 
 852. 
 
 Kar-ctSov, see Kad-opdu. 
 
 KOT-cKdrrrjv, 2 aor. pass, of nara- 
 
 KblTTW. 
 
 Kar-iSwv, see Kad-opdu. 
 tKov|Aa, aros, t6, heat. 
 kSw (/cai/), Kavaw, tKavaa, K^KavKa^ 
 K^Kavfxai, iKaidrjv, 51)1, 871 [caustic, 
 holo-caust], burn, kindle. 
 
 Kiinoi, Kclffoiiai, 7;3.S, 708 [Lat. c'luis, 
 citizen, quits, rest, Eng. iiomk, ceme- 
 tery], lie, be laid, lie dead. 
 KcXaivaC, Qv, al, Celaenae. 
 KcXcvw, AccXei/ffw, ^/cAeutra, Ke/cAeuxa, 
 Ke/cAelff/iot, iKeK^iadrjv, 94, 871, tfriue, 
 onZer, command, bid, give orders, Lat. 
 iubeo, urge, advise, suggest. 
 K«v6s, tJ, 61-, empty, groundless. 856. 
 K^pos, /c^pws and K^paros, t6, 396 
 [Lat. cornu, Aorn, Eng. uohn, hart, 
 rhino-ceros], horn, prop, of an animal, 
 then bugle horn, drinking horn, peak 
 of a mountain, wing of an army. 
 
 KC(|>aX^, ^j, ^7, 616 [Lat. caput, head, 
 Eng. a-cephalous], head. 
 
 Kfjpvg, vKoi, 6, 246, herald, who car- 
 ried messages to the enemy or made 
 proclamations and gave all sorts of 
 public notices to his fellow soldiers. 
 His distinctive badge was his staff, a 
 straight shaft with two intertwined 
 shoots above. See No. 76. 
 
 iKT]pVTTW (K^pm), KttpO^W, fK-qpV^a, 
 
 KtK-fipdxa, KeKi^pvynai, iKrjptxdvv, 673, 
 
 he a herald, proclaim, make proctnma- 
 tion, announce. 
 
 No. 75 
 
 tKiXiKfa, ay, i), 548, Cilicia. 
 
 K(Xi|, iKos, 6, 246, a Cilician. 
 tKiv8vv(v(D, KivdvveiLKTO}, etc., 698, en- 
 counter danger, run a risk, be in peril. 
 
 kCvSvvos, ov, 6, 336, danger, risk. 
 
 ^M^PXos, ov, 6, 116, Clearchus, a 
 Spartan general, the special friend of 
 Cyrus. 
 
 kXc(o), KXetau, ^/cXetcra, K^K\€ip.ai and 
 K^KXeLfffiai, iK\ela0riv, 366, 871 [Lat. 
 claudo, close, Eng. slot], shut, close. 
 
 kX^ittw (kXctt), K\4fu, I^K^erpa, k^- 
 K\o(pa, K^KXefinai, iKMir-qv, 627. 871 
 [Lat. clepo, steal, Eng. Moj)-lipter], 
 steal, embezzle. 
 
 KXtvw {kKiv), kXivQ, ^KXiva, KiKKi/xai, 
 iKXldrjv and iKXlvrjv [Lat. inclino, in- 
 cline, Eng. LEAN, climate. en-clliic\, 
 cause to lean, bend. 
 
 kX(6»|;, KXuirds, 6, 245, 743 [kX^wtw], 
 thief. 
 
 Kvijuts, idoi, i) [Kv^fir), leg], greave, 
 generally piur., that part of the defen- 
 sive armor of the Greek hoplite which 
 
proc^nma- 
 
 I. 
 an. 
 
 698, en- 
 e in peril. 
 ', risk, 
 nrchus, a 
 
 friend of 
 
 Keifjtai and 
 ^71 [Lat. 
 it, close. 
 'Ke\J/a, kI- 
 627. 871 
 •-lifter], 
 
 cllno, in- 
 en-c/ftic], 
 
 [kX^tttw], 
 
 I, greave, 
 he defen- 
 ite which 
 
 KoXd{w 27 
 
 covered his leg from the knee to the 
 hiHtej.. (Jrcavfs w.-re niacU^ of flexible 
 metal, and lined with felt, 
 leather, or cloth, and fas- 
 tened behind by straps or 
 buckles. See Nos. 8, 12, 11>, 
 
 20, 25, ;jo, ;}4, ;J7, 70, 81. 
 
 KoXdJo) (KoXaS), K0\d<TW, 
 
 MXaaa, KfKdXaafxai, iKoXd- 
 (rerjv, 627, check, punish, 
 ivjlict punishment. 
 
 KoXoo-o-of, Qv, al, Colos- 
 sae. 
 
 *fo\i.il<a (KOfuS), KOfiiw, etc., 
 ■109, carry away so as to 
 save, bring, convey. 
 
 KoviopTds, ov, 6, 073, cloud of dust. 
 
 KdiTTw (/cott), Ki^u,, liKO^|^a, K^Ko<l>a, 
 K^Ko,x„ac, Mirnv, 212, 871 [syn-copate], 
 cut, hew, slash, fell, slaughter. 
 
 Kop<r«T^, ^y, ^, Corsote. 
 
 KOv<J>os, 77, ou, light; ^jproi kovAos, 
 hay. 
 
 KpAvos, ovs, t6, 398 [cranium], head- 
 
 Kpiiirrw 
 
 No. 76 
 
 No, 77. 
 
 piece, helmet of metal, Lat. cassis, or 
 of leather, Lat. galta. The helmet of 
 metal, which was developed from t'le 
 simpler dogskin cap, consisted of six 
 pieces : the cap ; the metal ridge run- 
 ning from the fnmt to the back of the 
 cap, and designed jis a support fo, the 
 crest; the crest; the visor; the cheek- 
 pieces ; and the neck-piece. See Nos 
 
 «,1-M4, 20, 30,33,34,37,40,66,00,' 
 02, 03, 77, 81. ' ' » 
 
 tKpdTio-Tos, ,,, OP, 677, strongest, 
 bravest, best, noblest; neUt. pi. Kpdn^Ta 
 as adv., in the best way, most bravely. 
 ^ Kpdros, 01/ J, t6, 409 [Lat. creo, create, 
 Eng. iiAKD, demo-crat. demo-cracy], 
 strength, force, might, Lat. uls. 
 
 KpavY^j, V^, V, 46, outcry, shout, 
 clamor, uproar. 
 
 Kp^as, Kpiu,,, r6, 390, 747 [Lat. card, 
 flesh, Eng. creosote], flesh, pi. pieces of 
 flesh, meat. 
 
 Kptirrav, ov, gen. ovo^, 577 [Kpdros], 
 stronger, braver, better, nobler, more 
 valuable. 
 
 Kp€Hdvvv,ii (Kpe/xa), Kpe^Q, iKpi^acra, 
 iKpep.d<Tevp, 713, 871, trans., hang up, 
 suspend. 
 
 Kp^vr,, r,s,ii, 502,spring,ivell, Lsit.fdns. 
 Kp^s, Kpr,T6i, 6, 615, a Cretan. 
 
 Kptvw (Kpcp), KpivQ, ^Kplpa, KiKpiKa, 
 
 KiKpt^a^^ iKpldriv, 591 [Lat. cemb, sepa- 
 rate, Eng. critic, hypo-crisy], divide, 
 distinguish, decide, determine, be of 
 opinion, judge, bring to trial. 
 
 jKpCo-is, tm, i,, 728 [crisis], decision, 
 trial. 
 
 Kai^^ (vnt.rf>), ^p,',^.e., ?>cpv^a, K^KpV^. 
 
 f^ac, iKpi.pevu, 573 [crypt, crypto-gam, 
 grotto], hide, conceal, Lat. tego. 838. 
 
 1 1 
 
 i' ! 
 i 
 
II 
 
 KTdo(iai 
 
 28 
 
 Avk5ov(S 
 
 m 
 
 Krdofiai, JCTTj(TO/uai, iKTyjad/xr)!', k^kty]- 
 MOi, acquire, gain, get. get together; 
 pf. as pres., possess, have. 
 
 KTcCvo) (KTev), KTeVW, fKTeLVa, tKTOVa, 
 
 591, kill. 
 
 kvk\os, ov, 6, 882 [Lat. circus, circle, 
 Eng. cyc/e, hi-cycle, en-cyc/o-paedia], 
 circle, curve, ring ; k^k\<{), in a circle. 
 |kukX6w, KVK\d!)ffw, etc., 382, surround, 
 encircle, hem in. 
 
 jKVKXdxris, ewj, ij, an encircling; us 
 els K'uK\(jjcnv, as if to encircle. 
 
 Kvpos, ov, 6, 83 : I. Cijrus the Elder, 
 founder of the Persian empire, accord- 
 ing to Xenophon the son of Cambyses 
 and grandson of Astyagep ; II. Cyrus 
 the Younger, the leader of the expedi- 
 tion against Artaxerxes. 
 
 Kvwv, Kvv6s, 6, ri [Lat. canis, dog, 
 Eng. HOUND, cynic], dog, hound, cur. 
 See No. 39. 
 
 KuXvo), K(a\i(Tu, etc., 327, hinder, 
 prevent, oppose, check; t6 kwXvov, the 
 hindrance, obstacle. 
 KiijiT], 7JJ, 17, 45, 739 [Ktl\iai], village. 
 ^K(i>|ji^TT|s, ov, 6, 573, villager. 
 
 Xa^civ, X(\P(&v, see Xa/jL^dvu. 
 
 XaGciv, XaOuv, see XavOdvoj. 
 
 \6i9p<t,, adv., 638 [Xav0«*v«l, covertly, 
 without the knowledge of. 
 
 AaKc8ai|idvios, a, ov, 422, Lacedae- 
 monian ; AaKedaifxdvioi, ov, 6, a Lace- 
 daemonian. 
 
 Xafjipdvo) (Xa/3), XT^i/'O/xat, eXa/3oj/, etXr)- 
 (pa, etXtjfjL/jLai, iXUd-nv, 374, 871 [Lat. 
 labor, toil, Eng. di-lemma, pro-tepsis], 
 take, take into one's hand, receive, 
 
 get, take or get possession of, enlist, 
 catch, find. 
 
 Xov9dvw (Xae), XtJo-w, tXaOov, X^Xr]0a, 
 X^Xrjafiai, 085, 871 [Lat. lated, lie hid, 
 Eng. lethargy, Lethe], lie hid, escape 
 t?ie notice of; mid., forget. 684. • 
 
 X^-yw, eXe^o, efXoxa, elXey/xai, iXiyrjv 
 and iXix^riv, 561, 871, gather, collect. 
 
 \iya, X^^w, eXe^a, X^Xey/xaL, iX^x^rjv, 
 161, 871 [dia-fect, lexicon], say, speak, 
 tell, state, mention, relate, Lat. died, 
 bid, charge, vote. 609. 
 
 Xc(irw (Xjtt), Xel\p(i), eXiwov, X^Xonra, 
 X^XeifXfjiai, iX€l(pe7}p, 212, 773-775, 871 
 [lj?it.linquo, leave, Eng. lend, ec-lipse], 
 leave, abandon, forsake, quit, leave 
 behind, leave alive. 
 
 XcvK(Ss, 1^1, bv, 673 [Lat. lux, light, 
 Eng. light], white. 
 X£0os, ov, 6, 733 [litho-graph], stone. 
 \l^6<i, ov, 6, hunger, famine. 
 X670S, ov, 6, 78, 741 [X^Y»> s«y» Eng. 
 philo-logy, dia-logue, log-arithm], word, 
 saying, statement, speech, discourse, 
 debate, rumor, narrative. 
 
 ^^y\^> V^i Vi 478, point or spike of a 
 spear, spear, lance. See No. 41. 
 
 Xoiirds, 7], dv, 341 [XtCirw], remaining, 
 with the art. , the rest ; Xolw6p {sc. 
 i(TrL), it remains ; rb Xonrdv, for the 
 future. 
 X6<)>os, ov, 6, hill, ridge, height. 
 tXox-a76s, ov, 6, 150 [+ 070)], com- 
 mander of a X6xos, captain. 
 
 X<ixos, ov, 6, 462 [X<^xo^ couch, Lat. 
 lectus, couch, Eng. lie, laik, log], 
 ambush, men in ambusli, company. 
 tAv8(Sf a?-, 17, LydJM. 
 AvSios, d, ov, Lydian. 
 AvKaov(a, oj, i], Lycaonia. 
 
XC'ir^( 
 
 :(!> 
 
 29 
 
 \kipo9 
 
 of, enlist, 
 
 i, lie hid, 
 d, escape 
 
 684. - 
 II, iXiyqv 
 , collect. 
 
 iij, speak, 
 1-at. died, 
 
 X^XwTra, 
 -775, 871 
 ec-/ipse] , 
 ity leave 
 
 IX, light, 
 
 h], stone. 
 
 ■ay, Eng. 
 m], word, 
 Uscourse, 
 
 \pike of a 
 41. 
 
 maining, 
 nr6v {sc. 
 , for the 
 
 jht. 
 
 w], com- 
 
 ich, Lat. 
 
 R, log], 
 
 )any. 
 
 tXUir^w, Xvir^ffu, etc. , 381), grieve, dis- 
 tress, vex, annoy, molest. 
 
 Xwinj, 77s, 7], pain, grief, sorrow. 
 
 \i(a, \tau3, fXva-a, X^Xvku, XAu/xat, 
 iXjjffyju, 5(), 7(55-770, 871 [Lat. luo, loose, 
 Eng. M)SE, i.oosK, ana-lyze], loose, set 
 free, release, break, break down, de- 
 stroy; mid., loose one's own, ransom. 
 
 M 
 
 |xA, intensive particle, 439, surely, 
 used in negative oatlis. 837. 
 
 MafavSpos, ov, 6, 170 [meander], the 
 Maeander, a river in Asia Minor of 
 winding course. 
 
 fiaKpds, d, 6v, 40, long, high, tall; 
 fiuKpdv {sc. 6d6i>), a long way. 
 
 H-dXa, adv., very, much, very much, 
 greatly, exceedingly, Lat. ualde; comp. 
 fiaXXop, 170, more, rather; sup. /xdXi- 
 ara, 4(H!, 7nost, especially. 
 
 tiavOAvft) (^a^), fiadTfiaofiai, ^fiadop, 
 fxe/xdOvKa, 085, 871 [mathematics], 
 learn, find out. 
 
 (idvTis, cws, 6, 044 [maniac, necro- 
 mancy], one inspired, seer, diviner. 
 
 Mop«r{ios, ov, 6, 713, Marsyas, a 
 satyr. See No. 53, where he is fas- 
 tened to the tree, about to be flayed 
 by Apollo. 
 MAoTKas, a, 6, the Mascas, a river, 
 p,d<rTi|, 1709, ij, whip, lash. See 
 Nos. 47, 54. 
 
 tfidxaipa, as, i,, 03, knife, sioord, 
 sabre. See No. 5. 
 
 Hdxil, Vi, V, 45, battle, engagement, 
 fight. See No. 20. 
 
 lUdxoRai, fiaxov/xai, iiiaxeadfi-qv, fxeixd- 
 XVf^ai, 537, 871, fight, give battle. 864. 
 
 [kiyas, /xeydXv, f^^a, 502, 577, 753 [Lat. 
 . magnus, Eng. much, mega/o-saurus], 
 great, large, tall, weighty, powerful; 
 neut. as adv., ^1^70, greatly. 
 Mc-ya(|>^pvT]$, ov, 6, Megaphernes. 
 H^-yio-Tos, super, of ^1^705, 
 (i€0', see nerd. 
 \L(il<av, comp. of fiiyas, 577. 
 H«£wv, comp. of ^-iKp6i, 577. 
 i|icXav(a, ds, i}, blackness. 
 (i^Xtts, fM^Xaim, fi^Xav, gen. fx^Xavos, 
 etc., 429, 762 [melan-choly], black. 
 
 ji^Xci, MeX^o-et, iniX-qae, fxe/x^XriKe, 
 inipers., it is a care, it concerns; ifiol 
 IxiX-fiaei, I will see to it. 
 (icXCvT), Tfi, rj, millet. 
 |i^XX«, /xeXX^ffw, ^fiiXXijaa, be about, 
 intend, delay. 
 
 tt€|ivfjo, etc., see fxinpria-KW. 
 fi^v, post-positive particle, never used 
 as a conj. to connect words and sen- 
 tences, but to distinguish the word or 
 clause with which it stands from some- 
 thing that is to follow, and commonly 
 answered by 5^ (sometimes by dXXd, 
 ixivToi.) in the corresponding clause, 
 on the one hand, indeed, truly, but 
 often it is not to be translated, and 
 its presence is to be shown merely by 
 stress of voice ; 6 p.kv...6 84, the one 
 . . .the other, plur. some . . . others, 815; 
 dXXA fjL^p, but certainly. 
 
 (A^vToi, adv., 501, really, certainly, 
 in truth; conj., yet, still, however, 
 nevertheless. 
 
 iiiva, fxevw, ^fieiva, fien^vrjKa, 591, 871 
 [Lat. 7naneo, stay], remain, stay, wait 
 J or, last, be in force. 
 M^vwv, wvos, 6, 350, Menon. 
 fi^pos, ovi, t6, 409, division, part, 
 
|xc(rT|)iPpCa 
 
 30 
 
 |ii<rOo4>opA 
 
 share, portion, Lat. pars ; fi4pos n ttjs 
 evra^las, an instance of their discipline ; 
 iv fiipei, in turn. 
 
 t|iC(r-T]|iPp(a, ds, 7} [+r\\k{pa], noon, 
 midday ; the south. 
 
 \kia-os, Vi OP, 222 [Lat. medius, middle, 
 Eng. mid], middle; n^aov, t6, the :nid- 
 dle, centre, m idst, space between. 
 
 (jLccTT^s, tJ, 6v, full of, laden. 855. 
 
 (icrd, prep, with gen. and ace, 161. 
 With gen., with, in company with, 
 among; with ace, of place or time, 
 behind, after, next; fxerit, toOto or raOra, 
 after this, hereupon. 
 
 In composition fjierd signifies sharing, 
 loith, among, or time or quest, after, 
 or change, from one place to another. 
 
 |jicTa|v, adv., between. 856. 
 tucTd-irenirros, ov, 685, sent for. 
 
 \ura-iri\i.iroi, 174, 178, send after; 
 mid., send for a person to come to one- 
 self, summon. 
 
 |i€T-<X**> ^"^"6 ^ share. 844. 
 
 (ji^XPS improper prep, with gen., 673, 
 of time or place, up to, until; conj., 
 until. 
 
 |i^, adv., 308, not, used with the 
 imv. and subjv. in all constructions; 
 in all final and object clauses, except 
 after yuij, that not, lest, which takes 
 oil ; in all conditional and conditional 
 relative clauses, and in the corre- 
 sponding temporal sentences after ^ws, 
 vplv, etc. ; in relative sentences ex- 
 pressing a purpose ; with the infin. , 
 except in indirect discoiirae ; and with 
 the par tic. when it expresses a con- 
 dition. All of the compounds of 
 juij follow the usa*'© of the simnle 
 word. 
 
 ||itl-8^, conj. and adv. [+ 8^J, but not, 
 and not, nor, Lat. neque, nee ; not even, 
 Lat. nc . . . quidem. 
 
 ^ii.rfi-tis, fila, 4v [+«ls], not one, 
 none, no, nobody, nothing, Lat. nemo, 
 nrdlus. 
 
 Mr\BtSL, as, i], Media. 
 
 H'^O', see /jiT^Te. 
 
 ^r\-K-iTi, adv., 422 [ji^ -|- ?ti], not 
 again, no longer. 
 
 H^v, post-positive intensive particle, 
 in truth, surely, truly, Lat. uSrO; Kal 
 ixijv, and in fact, and yet ; dXXA fii^v, but 
 surely, but still ; ^ p.^v, in very truth. 
 
 H^v, fjLTjvds, 6, 349, 745 [Lat. mensis, 
 month, Eng. moon, month], month. 
 
 H^-iroT€, adv., 685 [(ifj + iroW], not 
 ever, never, Lat. nunquam. 
 
 p.'^rrip, fjLTjTpds, 7), 349, 746 [Lat. mater, 
 mother, Eng. mother], mother. 
 
 (iCa, see ef;. 
 
 MCSas, ov, 6, Midas, a mythical king 
 of Phrygia. 
 
 |jiiKp6$, d, 6v, 40, 577 [micro-scope}, 
 small, little, Lat. paruus, of small 
 account, insignificant; neut. as adv., 
 pTiKpbv, hardly; comp. ix€lu>v, smaller, 
 less ; neut. as adv. , neiop, less. 
 
 Mt\T)Tos, ov, 7), 49(), Miletus. 
 
 |ii)iV|]0'K(a (p-va), pLvijau}, ip.vr)aa, p.ip.vii\- 
 fxai, if^vfiadt^v, 644, 871 [Lat. meminl, 
 remember, moneo, remind, admonish, 
 Bug. mentor, mnemonics], remind; mid. 
 and pass., remind oneself, remember, 
 mention, make mention, with pf. p.ipvii- 
 fiai as pres. , Lat. meminl. 846. 
 
 |jii(r06s, ov, 6, 94 [meed], wages, pay, 
 hire, reward. 
 
 i! — -; — ; — - •/> •— L '^ X'r'*'J> 
 
 tjoages received, pay. 
 
tfsmsamamem 
 
 i], but not, 
 ; nut even, 
 
 not one, 
 Lat. nemo, 
 
 f in], not 
 
 'e particle, 
 uSrO; Kal 
 Xa fjLT^v, hut 
 ry truth. 
 at. mensfs, 
 , month. 
 iroW], not 
 
 Lat. mater, 
 ler. 
 
 hical king 
 
 cro-scope], 
 
 of small 
 
 ;. as adv., 
 
 ', smaller, 
 
 'S. 
 
 us. 
 
 laa, fiffivrj- 
 t. memin'i, 
 admonish, 
 lind; mid. 
 remember, 
 pf. ix^fjLvri- 
 
 ages, pay. 
 
 r-j- A,i 
 
 
 )ii(rOo(^<$po$ 
 
 JHi<rflo.<()6pos, o., 389 [+ <}>^p«], receiv- 
 mgpay; ,xtaOo,f>6poL, ol, mercenaries. 
 
 j»ii<r0<i«, fiicrdiiffu, etc., 389, fe« /or 
 hire, let ; mid., Aaue let to oneself, hire. 
 
 Rva, aj, 1^, 292, 742, mina, the next to 
 the highest denomination in Attic silver 
 money, although never actually minted 
 as a coin, one sixtieth of a talent, and 
 worth to-day about $18.00 in U.S 
 silver money, according to its legal 
 rate of value. See also 5/oaxM. 
 
 |4vti<re^, see fiifipya-Kw. 
 
 l*«ivos, V, OP, 496 [monk, monad, mono-], 
 alone, Lat. solus, only, sole; neut. as 
 adv., fxdpop, alone, only, solely. 
 
 Mvp(av8os, ov, i,, Myriandus. 
 tjivpids, dSoy, ij [myriad], the number 
 ten thousand, myriad. 
 
 Jii!p£os, a, OP, 170, countless ; pi. ^ipiot 
 at, o, 10,000. 
 
 vdm], r)i, ij, 038, ravine, glen. 
 tvav-apxos, o.., 6 [-f- &px«], aci/^iimZ. 
 vaOs, pe<I,s, i,, 608, 749 [Lat. nauis, 
 ship, Eng. /,ai/f/ca/], 5A?>, either the 
 merchant vessel, seen at the left in 
 No. 78, or the man-of-war, seen at the 
 right. 
 
 81 
 
 v«t 
 
 vcavfSs, ov, 6, 102, 740 [vfos], young 
 man. 
 
 v€Kp6s, ov, 6, ({73 [Lat. nex, death, 
 Kng. necro-logy], dead body, corpse- 
 ol pcKpol, the dead. ' 
 
 v4os, a, OP [Lat. nouus, new, Eng. 
 NKw, neo-phyte], young, fresh. 
 
 v€({>aT,, 7,5, ^, (;73 [^^0oj, rb, cloud, 
 Lat. nu^es, cioud], cloud. 
 
 v€«v, see mOj. 
 
 v^j, intensive particle, surely, used 
 in alKrmative oaths. 837. 
 tvlKdw, ,rK7;Va;, etc., 275 conquer, 
 i^revaiY over, surpass, ou.do, Lat. 
 
 vtKTj, -ns, i), 255, victory, Lat. uictoria. 
 See No. 52. 
 
 tvofi(j;« (pofiiS), pofiiC, etc., 335, 871 
 regard as a custom, regard, consider, 
 believe, think, Lat. puld. 
 
 vdfAos, ov, 6, custom, law. 
 
 vovs, pov, 6, 292, 742 [y,yvd,<rKo,], 
 mmd, Lat. mens; <?. p^ ^^,,,^ ,,ave in 
 mind, purpose, intend. 
 
 vOv, adv., 341 [Lat. nunc, now, Eng. 
 NOW], now, just now, just, at present. 
 
 vwg, pvktS,, i,, 255, 744 [Lat. nox, 
 night, Eng. mGUT],night; n^aat .,Wej. 
 midnight. 
 
 No. 78. 
 
 «E2*— '^^ 
 
 ■I 
 
S(v(fis 
 
 32 
 
 olKia 
 
 ■ 
 
 L '. 
 
 g€v£Ss, ov, 6, Xenias. 
 
 I^vos, 01', 6, 101, stranger, foreigner, 
 guest friend, guest, host, foreign sol- 
 dier, mercenary. 
 
 gevo<|>wv, wvToi, 6, 275, Xenophon, 
 an Athenian, author of the Anabasis. 
 
 il^oSf ovs, t6, (i85, sword, Lat. gla- 
 dius. The ^l<pos had a straight blade, 
 and was double-edged. It was carried 
 in a scabbard which rested on the left 
 side of the body, and was supported 
 by a strap that passed over the right 
 shoulder. See Nos. 14, 19, 20, 25, 
 40, 79. 
 
 Ill i« 
 
 No, 79. 
 
 t|\»Xivos, ■»?, ov, of loood, wooden. 
 |vXov, ov, t6, 439, piece or bar of 
 vjood; pi. timbers, beams, wood, fuel. 
 
 6, 7}, t6, the deiinite article, 80, 758, 
 the, with demonstrative force in the ex- 
 pressions 6 niv . . . c 5i, the one . . . the 
 
 other, this . . . that, pi. these . . . those, 
 8ome . . . the rest ; 6 5^, without pre- 
 ceding 6 fx^v, and he, but he, and in 
 pi., but they, the rest (never referring 
 to the subject of the preceding sentence, 
 but always to some word in an oblique 
 case). 815. As the art., used some- 
 times in (ireek where we should omit 
 it, as with proper names and numerals. 
 807. The art. may be used also to 
 mark a person or thing as well known 
 or customary, or with distributive 
 force, as rov fxrjvbs ry aTpaTLwrri, per 
 month to each soldier, or where we 
 should use a possessive pron. 810. ra 
 Kipov, Cyrus'' s relations; oi iKdvov, his 
 men ; ol (pevyovres, the exiles ; 6 j3ouX6- 
 /uefos, whoever loishes ; 61 otKoi, those at 
 home; ol (vSov, those loithin; oi irapa 
 ,3a(riX^wj, men from the king; oi iK ttjs 
 dyopds, market men; ol aiiv avrip, his men. 
 
 6po\6s, ov, 6, obol, an Attic silver 
 coin, worth about three cents. See 
 No. 59, and the account under SpaxM^?- 
 
 S8€, riSe, T65e, demon, pron., 101, 702 
 [6 + -86], this, thefolloioing. 159, 821. 
 
 686s, ov, i], 83, 741 [Lat. solum, 
 ground, Eng. ex-odus, meth-od], way, 
 road, Lat. uia; march, journey, expedi- 
 tion. 
 
 01, o'i, ol, see 6, 6's, ov, 
 
 olSa, 2 pf. with pres. force, 722, 793 
 [akin to €l8ov], knov), understand, have 
 knowledge of. 
 to«Ka-8«, adv., 349 [+-8e], home, home- 
 ward. 
 tolK^w, oIkM^, etc., 488, inhabit, dwell, 
 occupy, live; pass., be inhabited, be 
 situated. 
 
 tolKta, as, if, 40, house, dwelling. 
 
e . . . those, 
 thout pre- 
 he, and in 
 r referring 
 g sentence, 
 an oblique 
 ised some- 
 liould omit 
 [ numerals, 
 eil also to 
 veil known 
 listributive 
 iTiwTri, per 
 
 where we 
 1. 810. r<i 
 
 iKeLvov, his 
 's; 6 j3ouX6- 
 cot, those at 
 n; ol vapa 
 
 Ti^, his men. 
 ittic silver 
 jents. See 
 
 der SpaxM^- 
 n., 101, 762 
 1. 159,821. 
 jat. solum, 
 h-od], way, 
 neij, expedi- 
 
 ce, 722, 793 
 rstand, have 
 
 home, home- 
 
 hahit, dxoell, 
 nhablted, be 
 
 welling. 
 
 OtKOl 
 
 fotKoi, adv., 573, at home. 
 oIkos, ov, 6 [Lat. ulcus, abode, vil- 
 lage, Kng. di-ocese, eco-nomy], house 
 regarded as a home. 
 
 olnoi, see oto/jiai. 
 
 olvos, ov, 6, 83, 741 [Lat. ulnum, 
 wine], loine; oXvos if>oivtKu,v, palm-ioine. 
 
 ol'ofiai or ol|ioi, oiif,ao,MaL, v^Svi', 488, 
 871, think, believe, expect. 
 
 olos, a, OP, of which kind, (such) as, 
 Lat. quaiis; olds re, able, possible. 
 
 oKo-w, see <p4pw. 
 
 ol'xonai, oix-fitxoixai, pres. with pf. 
 force, 722, have gone, be gone. 
 
 otwvds, ov, 6, 662, bird of omen, omen. 
 
 toKTd-Kis, adv., eight times. 
 
 toKTaKio-.xtXioi, a(, a [+ xtXioi], 8000. 
 
 toKTo-Kdo-ioi, at, a [+ iKardv], SOO. 
 
 oKTi!>, indecl. [Lat. octo, eight, Eng. 
 
 EIGHT, octa-gon], eight. 
 
 a€0pos, ov, 6, 141 [6'\\0|ii], des^rwc- 
 tion, loss. 
 
 o\£yos, ^, 0,., 188, 577 [olig-archy], 
 little, small, pi. few. 
 
 «XXv|ii ((5\), Ao), tJXeo-a and aJX6^,;^, 
 (iXtiXe^a and aXa,Xa, 713, 871, c^es^ro?/, 
 ^056 ; mid., with 2d pf. act., perish. 
 
 Ji^os, 77, 0,/, 188 [Lat. solidus, whole, 
 Eng. cath-olic], lohole, entire. 
 
 33 
 
 OTT, 
 
 X(Si 
 
 W 
 
 AfittX^s, «?j, 429 [6^6s], even, level. 
 
 onaXos, 17, 6;/ [6n<is], even, level. 
 jonoXws, adv., in even line. 
 
 fifivvfii ((5^, dfxo), dfjiovfiac, u^oaa, d^ib- 
 fiOKa, dfxibixofiai. and 6fjnbtio<Tixai, ufi6er,i> 
 and ufxdcrerjv, 713, 871, sioear, ^a/fce an 
 oath. 
 
 t<i|Aoios, a, ou, like, similar. 864, 
 tono-XoY^w, 6/xoXo7^(rw, etc., 472 [+X6- 
 70s], aflrree, co7ifess, admit. 
 6(i6s, ^, 6;/ [&(Aa], one anrf </ie 
 
 |8n«s, adv., 382, aW the same, never- 
 theless, yet, still, however. 
 
 6'v, ov, see dfil, 6i. 
 
 i'vojAO, aros, t6, 389 [yiyvc&o-kw, Lat. 
 nomen, Eng. namk, an-onymous, syn- 
 onym], that by which one is known, 
 name. 
 
 ovos, ov, 6, 131 [Lat. asinus, ass, 
 Eng. ass], ass. 
 
 JiiTTi, rel. adv., where, wherever, in 
 whatever loay, Lat. qua. 
 
 6'irio-e€v, adv., 502, behind, in the 
 rear; rd b-madev, Tovwtadev, the rear. 
 856. 
 
 toirXCSft) (67rXi(5), wTrXtffa, uwXianai, 
 wTrXladTip, 396, ar?n, egwip. See Nos 
 30, 80. 
 
AirXfrqs 
 
 34 
 
 bp^rrtt 
 
 otrXtTTjs, 01', 6, 102, heav!/-armcd 
 soldier, hoplite. 'i'ho lioavy infantry 
 of a (Jreek army, or hoplites, consli- 
 
 No. 81. 
 
 tilted the troops of the line, who fought 
 at short range, and were armed for 
 this purpose. Their defensive armor 
 consisted of four pieces, helmet (see 
 s.v. Kpdvos), breastplate (see s.v. 0u>pa^), 
 shield (see s.v. da-irls), and greaves (see 
 s.v. KVT}iJi,U). Their offensive armor 
 consisted of two spears (see s.v. ddpv) 
 and a sioord (see s.v. ^l<f>os). For the 
 hoplite's ordinary dress, when not in 
 action, see s.v. x^aMi^s. ISee Nos. 12, 
 34, 37, 62, 81. 
 
 SttXov, ov, t6, 83 [pan-op/y], imple- 
 ment, pi. gear, arms, armor; iv rols 
 6ir\oi.s, binder arms. See Nos. 14, 10, 
 20, 26, 37, (50, 03. 
 
 t6ir6Tav, rel. adv. [+ av], whenever, 
 when, with subjv. 
 
 AirdTc, rel. adv., 53"^, when, whenever, 
 since, because. 
 
 6irov, rel. adv., 422, xvhere, wherever, 
 Lat. ubi. 
 
 iiirws, rel. adv. and final particle, in 
 what way, hoio, that, in order that. 
 
 6pd(i> {6pa, Id, 6ir), 6ypop.ai, eldov, i6paKa 
 and iu>pdKa, idpdnai and wfifiai, u<pdr)v, 
 G15, 871 [a-WAKE, pan-orama ; Lat. 
 uideo, Eng. wit; spher-oid; Lat. oculus, 
 Eng. EYE, COLE, optic, syn-opsis], see 
 in its widest sense, behold, look, observe, 
 perceive, Lat. uideo. 628. 
 
 op-y^, Tjs, V, 409, temper, anger; 6pyv, 
 in a passion. 
 
 jop7(to|jiai (dpyiS), dpyiovfxai, etc., 472, 
 be angry, be in a passion. 860. 
 t^pOtos, a, ov, 131, straight up, steep. 
 
 6p96s, tJ, 6v [ortho-dox], straight, 
 direct. 
 
 iipKos, ov, 6, 116, oath. 
 
 opjidii), dp/x'^ao), etc., 276 [dpfii^, mo- 
 tion], set in motion, hasten; mid. and 
 pass., set out or forth, start. 
 
 6p\iia [Sp/Ms, anchorage], be moored, 
 lie at anchor. 
 
 fipvis, 6pvldo$, 6, 7], 266, 744 [ornitho- 
 logy], bird. 
 
 'Opdvras, d or ov, 6, 488, Orontas. 
 
 6pos, ovs, t6, 396, mountain. 
 topvKTds, ^, 6v, dug, artificial. 
 
 opvTTci) (opi'x), 6pi5|aj, upv^a, dpdpoxa, 
 opiipvyixai, uipixOtiv, 644, 871, dig, Lat. 
 fodio, quarry. 
 
35 
 
 o/y], imple- 
 or; iv Toti 
 Nos. 14, 19, 
 
 , whenever^ 
 
 t, whenever, 
 
 e, wherever, 
 
 particle, in 
 er that, 
 sldov, iSpaKa 
 fiat, uxpdi^v, 
 ama ; Lat. 
 Lat. oculus, 
 -ops is], see 
 'ok, observe, 
 
 nger; dpyri, 
 
 ;t, etc., ATI, 
 860. 
 
 \ up, steep. 
 , straight, 
 
 [6/)/iiJ, mo- 
 ; mid. and 
 
 he moored, 
 
 44 [ornitho- 
 
 Orontas. 
 lin. 
 Hal. 
 
 a, dpdpoxa^ 
 1, dig, Lat. 
 
 *s, V, a, rel. pron., 518, 7'54, ivho, 
 
 lohtch, Lat. yui; 8l' d, xohy; iu <^', dur- 
 
 iny^ ivhich (time), vieanthne. 820-829. 
 
 iVos, -n, OP, rel. pron., <i(!4, how much 
 
 or great, how mamj, {as much or as 
 
 many) as, Lat. quanluH; ni-nt. as adv., 
 
 aero,*, with nunu'rais, about; Sa^, with 
 
 comparatives, by how much, the. 
 
 «cr.Tis, v'ris, 8 ti, 518, 7(14 [«« + tIsJ, 
 u)Af>, ic/toeoer, whichever, whatever 
 which, what, used both as a relative 
 and to introduce an indirect (juestion. 
 «T€, rel. adv., 678, when, as, when- 
 ever. 
 
 «TSConj.,282[neut.of8o-Ttsj,M«^ 
 6emM.se, .since; used also to strengthen 
 superlatives, as Stc dTapacTKevdraros, as 
 unprepared as possible. 
 
 ow, o«K, oix, neg. adv., 60, not, Lat. 
 non, used, to deny a fact, with the' 
 indic. and opt. in all independent sen- 
 tences; in indirect discourse after bn 
 and cJs; and in causal sentences- 
 accented at the end of a clause or 
 sentence. All of the compounds of 
 ov follow the usage of the simple 
 word. 
 
 ov, dat. of, personal pron., 439,769 
 of himself, Lat. sul. 817. ' ' 
 
 oiSa^ds, 7), 6v lo<,U+d^bs, an obso- 
 lete word =t2j], none. 
 joiSo^oO, adv., 062, nowhere. 
 oi>-U, neg. conj. and adv., 327 [oO-|- 
 8^J, but not, and not, nor yet, nor, Lat. 
 neque, nee; as adv., not even, Lat. ne 
 ... quidem, not at all, by no means. 
 
 not any, none, no, Lat. mdlus; nobody, 
 Lat. nemo; nothing, Lat. niAiZ. 
 ioiS^-woTf, adv., 488 [+ „oWj, ^^g^g^. 
 
 ira\.tLvll<a 
 
 -'04 [o4 + Jti], no 
 
 oCe', see owTf. 
 o6k-<ti, adv. 
 
 ovK-ovv, interr. particle and infer(>n- 
 
 tml cnj., 608 [oi + oCv], no/, then ^ 
 not therefore'/ expecting an afJirniative 
 answer, Lat. nonnc igilnr; as conj., 
 therefore, then, so, Lat. igitur, with no 
 neg. force. 
 
 oZv, post-positivc! inferential (rouj 
 stronger than dpa, 160, therefore, then] 
 accordingly, conseguently, now, so. 
 
 oi5-iroT€, adv., 627 foi + iroWJ, never. 
 
 oC-irw, adv., 4.']9 [0,1-1- w.61,no«//f./. 
 
 o6w<6.ffOT«, adv., 601 LoCttw + woWI 
 never yet. 
 
 oC-T«, neg. conj., 102 [o« + W], ant/ 
 not, Lat. wevwe; oDrf . . . oCre, ne«7//er 
 . . . nor. 
 
 ovTos, avTT), TovTo, dcmou. pron., 101 
 702, this, pi. //,cse, fre,j. a.s pers. pron.' 
 he, she, it, pi. they, Lat. Azc. 169, 2; H2l! 
 
 joiToo-t,^ «'^'-'7^ TouTi, strengthened 
 form of OVTOS, this man here. 
 
 |oCt«s, before a consonant ovtw, adv., 
 141, thus, HO, in that case. 
 
 o4.€(X« (6<f>e\), d<pec\^aw, ii<pfl\r,aa 
 and (Ii<f,€\op, w</>el\T,Ka, u<pu\^0r)p, (516, 
 B71, oMJc, Lat. dSbeo; pass., /^e rfwe. 
 
 o<(>eaXn6s, ov, 6, 062 [fi»|/o,iai], eye. 
 
 ^\H Vi, V, 0;J8, height, bank, bluff. 
 
 6',)/o(iai, see 6pdu. 
 
 n 
 
 iraGeiv, see Trdo-xw. 
 
 Trdeos, ouv, TO [ird<rx«], experience, 
 trouble, ill-treatment. 
 
 •iraiav(!;« (^am^^iS), dTratdi-ttra [iraiAv, 
 paean], raise the paean. 
 
iraiSfvb) 
 
 36 
 
 ir&t 
 
 tiraiScvu), waiSfAffu}^ e^c. ,578, train up 
 a rliidl, cdncdtc. 
 
 irais, 7rai56j, 6, 17, 4()!> [L;it. /JKcr, binj, 
 child, Kuif. ped-(i(iO(jne]i child, boy, <jirl, 
 son ; iK iraidojv, from boyhood. 
 
 ira((i>, Traltiw, ^irai(Ta, n^iraiKa, iwai- 
 ad-qv, V-\\, 871, strike, hit, beat, strih-e, 
 at. 
 
 irdXiv, adv., 141 [palim-pscst^, back, 
 again, a srcond time. 
 
 iroXxdv, ov, t6, 07.'}, spear, javelin. 
 
 Ildv, IIdi'6j, 6, Pan, a rural god of 
 Arca(iia, son of Ilermos, reprosonted 
 with goat's feet, horns, and sliaggy 
 hair. For masks of I'an, see No. 27. 
 
 iravTOios, a, ov [iras], of all sorts. 
 
 wAvu, adv., 131 [irds], very, altoycther, 
 wholly, very much. 
 
 irapd, prep, with gen., dat., and ace, 
 188 [para-, as para-graph, etc.], beside. 
 With gen., /rom beside, from the pres- 
 ence of, from ; with the pass., by. With 
 dat., beside, by the side of, beside, at or 
 on the side of, loith, at; irapa ^aaCKei, 
 at court; ra trap i/xol, my fortunes, my 
 side. With ace, to a position beside, 
 to the side of, unto, to, toivards, along 
 to, alongside, along, near, by, past, 
 sometimes even with verbs of rest ; 
 beside, beyond, against, contrary to, 
 in violation of; of time, during. 
 
 In composition wapd signifies along, 
 along by or past, alongside, by, beside, 
 beyond, aside, amiss. 
 
 irap-a-yY^Xw, 052, pass along an 
 order, give orders, pass the word, give 
 out, order; Kara tA irapr]yy€'\fx4va, ac- 
 cording fo orders. 
 
 irapa-^t-yvofiai, be by, be present or 
 at hand, arrive. 
 
 irapd8(i(ro$, ov, 6, 170 [paradise], 
 
 park. 
 
 irapa-8(8<t>p.i, 701, pass along to one, 
 give up, deliver over, surrender, pass 
 along. 
 
 irap-aiv^w, recommend, advise. "800. 
 
 irapa-KaX^w, 'M\, call to o/if's side, 
 summon, call to or forth, urge. 
 
 7rapa-K<Xcvo|iai, 41(>, urge along, 
 exhort, urge. 8(50. 
 
 irapa-p,'i]pC8ia, rd [/x-qpds, thigh], 
 thigh pieces, armor for the thighs. 
 
 irapao-dY-yT^s, ov, 6, 204, i)arasang, a 
 Persian road measure, eijual to about 
 M stadia. 
 
 tirapa-o-Kcvd^ii), 222, jnd things side 
 by side, get ready, prepare, procure; 
 mid., 2>repare or jnocure for oneself, 
 make ready, provide. 
 
 irapa-o-Kcviri, ^s, 17, 188 [(rKf.vi\], prepa- 
 ration, equipment. 
 
 iraptt-rdTTw, 044, draw up side by 
 side ; irapaTeTayixivoi, draivn up in 
 line. 
 
 irapa-T(Lvo), stretch out, extend. 
 
 irdp-ci,|ii {(Ifjii), 188, be near or by, be 
 at a place, be at hand or present, have 
 come; rk irap6vTa, the present circum- 
 stances. 
 
 irap-c\avv(*>, march by or past, ride 
 past, review. 
 
 irap-^PXO^ai, j^^^^'^* ^V or along. 
 
 irap-^X"* '^1^) ^^^^'^ near, afford, fur- 
 nish, render, make, cause, inspire. 
 
 Trdp-o8os, ov, i), 170 [686s], way by, 
 pass, p((.s.s(/r/e, act of j^assing. 
 
 Ilapvo-aTis, i5o9, i], Parysutis, mother 
 of Cyrus tlie Younger. 
 
 irds, Tracra, vav, 204, 752 [dia-pason, 
 pan-oply, panto-mime], all, Lat. omnis, 
 
nso-Ci 
 
 wv 
 
 37 
 
 ir<p( 
 
 paradise], 
 
 ng to one, 
 ider, pass 
 
 vise. mo. 
 
 >/it''s side, 
 
 le. 
 
 ije along, 
 
 s, thiyh], 
 l(jhs. 
 
 tramtuj, a 
 ;l to about 
 
 kings side 
 , procure; 
 >r oneself, 
 
 ti\], i)repa- 
 
 ip side by 
 m up in 
 
 lend. 
 
 r or by, be 
 isent, have 
 nt circuin- 
 
 past, ride 
 
 ong. 
 
 fford, fur- 
 '.spire. 
 , way by, 
 
 lis, motlier 
 
 dia-pason, 
 jat. omnis, 
 
 every, with a noun, connn. in the pn;- 
 dicatt! position, all, entire, the whole. 
 IIa<r((tfv, uvos, 6, I'asion. 
 irdo-x« i^aff, tt(pO), irelcro^ai, iiraOov, 
 ^4no,0a, OK), 871 [ Lat. patior, bear, 
 satf'cr, Kuf,'. pathos. sy,n-pathy], expe- 
 rience, sulfer, Lat. patior; eO iraduv, 
 be well treated. 
 
 iroT^p, 7rarp69, 6, •J4i), 740 [Lai. pater, 
 father, Kng. vatukh], father. 
 Iirarp^os, d, or, ancestral, hereditary. 
 irovw, 7rai;(ra;, etc., 188 [Lnt. paucus, 
 few, lOng. KKw], cause to cease, end, 
 stop ; niitl., cause oneself to cease, cease, 
 stop, desi,st, give up, come to an end. 
 
 na<J)XaY«v, 6wj, 6, a Paphlagonian. 
 firthLov, ov, t6, 78, level ground, open 
 country, plain. 
 ir^8ov, ov, t6, ground. 
 tir€tfi, adv., mC), on foot, afoot. 
 ir«l69, ^, ij/, nor) [ffo^s], on foot; 
 ^refis, 6, afoot soldier, pi. infantry. 
 
 X€£e« {ine), welcTU}, ^Treiaa, Tr^weiKa and 
 TT^TTot^a, TT^Treifffiai, (TreiadTjf, 178, 777 
 871 [J.at. fldo, trust], persuade, pre- 
 vail upon; mid. and pass., be prevailed 
 on, yield, obey. 8(50. 
 ircipo, ay, 17, experience. 
 jirtipdw, Treipdffu), etc., 808, try, prove, 
 conun. pass, dep., try, test, attempt, 
 endeavor. 845. 
 
 •n-ffo-onoi, see Trd^xu and Tref^w. 
 
 tn€\oirovv^<rios, a, ou, Peloponne- 
 ' sian. 
 
 n€\o7r6vvii<ros, ov, tj, Peloponnesus. 
 
 tircXroo-T^S, ov, 6, 102, 740, peltast, 
 targefeer. See No. 10. 
 
 tireXrao-TiKdc. 7?, Sv. belonging to pel- 
 tasts; Tb ireXraaTiKdp {sc. (rrpdrevfia), 
 the peltast force. 
 
 iriKrr], 7;$, i,, 03, shield, target, small 
 and \i<rUi JUS compared with the shield 
 of the hoplite (.see s.v. dairU), that part 
 of the armor of the peltasts (se(^ s.v. 
 ireXraaTi^s) which distin<;nished them 
 from other light-armed troops. The 
 irarr, consisttid of a wooden frame 
 covered with leather, .sometimes it was 
 covered wholly or in part with bronze. 
 Generally it was crescent-shaped. See 
 Nos. 10, 18, 82, 
 
 No. 82. 
 
 ir^fAirw, TTff/i^a,, ^7^efJ.^Pa, 7r^7royu0a, 
 TTtfTreMMtti, iw4n<pdy)v, 50 [pomp\, send, 
 despatch, send word. 
 tircvTo-Koo-ioi, at, a [-|- €KOt6v], ,500. 
 ir^vT€, indecl., 188 [Lat. qulnque, 
 Kng. FiVK, penta-gon], five. 
 iirfVTt-KaL-BtKa, indecl., 478 [-f- kolI 
 + SiKa],ffteen. 
 J.ir€VTViKovTo, indec]., fifty. 
 Wiroveo, etc., see irdaxw. 
 ire'irTwKtt, etc., see vivTw. 
 -Tr4p, intensive enclitic particle, very, 
 just, even. 
 
 Tre'pav, adv., 178, across, beyond. 850. 
 
 TTcpt, prep, with gen., dat., and ace, 
 
 235 [peri-, as in peri-patetic, peri-od. 
 
irtpi^tY^^F^*'^^ 
 
 38 
 
 iroUt* 
 
 etc.], round, on all sides, about. With 
 gen., chiefly in a derived sense, about, 
 with respect to, concerning, because of, 
 for, Lat. dc; expressing superiority, 
 more than, as in the phrases, wept irav- 
 rbi ToieiaOai, consider all- important, 
 irepl irXeltTTov woifiadai, consider ynost 
 important. With dat., of place, round, 
 about. With ace, of place, about, all 
 round, round; of persons, about, at- 
 tending on; of things, about; of time, 
 about; of relation, in respect to, to, 
 in one^s dealings with, Lat. de. 
 
 In composition nepl signifies round, 
 about, (remaining) over, or above (su- 
 periority). 
 
 ircpi-YCYvofiai, be superior to. 850. 
 
 n^po-T)s, ov, 6, 102 [Persian], a Persian. 
 ^IIcpariKbs, ij, 6v, 124, Persian. 
 
 ir^Towos, ov, 6, petasus, a broad- 
 brimmed hat, resembling our wide- 
 awake. See Nos. 23, 02. 
 
 Tr^TOp.ai, TTT'ffaofxai, iTTTd/xifv [Lat. 
 penna, Eng. feathek],^?/. 
 
 ••"TY^j V^i Vy 170, fountain, source. 
 
 irT)Sd(i), irrjSTfiffta, iir-^dTjaa, ireir'^drjKa, 
 leap. 
 
 •nt]X6s, ov, 6, 409, clay, mire, mud. 
 
 irfJxvs, ewy, 0, 478, 74S, forearm, cubit. 
 
 nt-ypTfs, rfTos, 6, Pigres. 
 
 iri^^w (irieS), irUffw, ivleaa, itrUaOrjv, 
 204, press hard, crowd; pass., be hard 
 pressed. 
 
 irC)Jiir\T)|ii (TrXa), Tr\ri<rw, firXyjaa, iri- 
 ir\r]Ka, irivXT^fiai and Tr^irXrjap.ai, iwX-fi- 
 adrjv, 707, 871 [Lat. impleo, fill up, 
 Eng. FILL, ¥vi.\j, plethora], fill. 848. 
 
 irtTTTW, TTctroOjUot, fireaov, -rr^vTUKa, 010, 
 871 [Lat. peto, seek, Eng. find], fall. 
 
 ni<r(8ai, wy, ol, the Pisidians. 
 
 tirioTTiiw, iriffTfvffu, 178, put faith in, 
 trust, rely on. 860. 
 tirto-Tis, ews, 17, faith, good faith, 
 pledge. 
 
 4irnrT<Ss, ■^, 6v, 131 [ir«(0«], faithful, 
 trustworthy; tticttoI, a title given to 
 Persian royal counsellors; iriard, rd, 
 pledges. 803. 
 
 irXaCaiov, ov, t6, 648, square, of 
 troops. 
 
 irX^Opov, ov, t6, 390, a plethrum, a 
 measure of 100 Greek feet. 
 
 ir\€i<rTos, irXcttoiv, 577, see ttoXiJs. 
 
 v\i<a (tXu), 7rXci)<rojuai and 7rXcu(roO/Liat, 
 t7rXeu(ra, tt^ttXcuko, ?r^7rXey(r/ioi, 701,871 
 [Lat. pluo, rain, Eng. flow], sail. 
 tirXfjOos, ous, t6, 629, fulness, extent, 
 number, multitude. 
 lirX^Oci) [•ir£p,'irXii|Jii], befidl. 
 
 irX^v, conj., 638, except, except that; 
 improper prep, with gen., except. 
 
 irX^pT)s, es, 429 [ir£|iirXTi|ii], full, full 
 of, abounding in. 855. 
 
 tirXT|<rid^(D (TrXijaiaS), irXrfffidao}, etc., 
 382, approach, draw near. 864. 
 
 irX-no-tos, a, ov, 638, near; neut. as 
 adv., irXr]fflov. near, at hand, in attrib- 
 utive position, neighboring. 856. 
 
 tt\i\rriii (ttXtjt), ttXtjIw, 67rXr;^o, 
 7r^7rXr;7a, v^TrXrjyfxai, iirXijyriv and ^TrXd- 
 yrjp, 644, 871 [Lat. plango, strike, Eng. 
 apo-plexy], strike, hit, smite. 
 
 irXoiov, ov, rh, 83 [irX^w], vessel, boat. 
 See No. 7. 
 
 iroUo), TTOi-narw, etc., 282 [/ooef, pos/], 
 755, 782, do, make, produce, fashion, 
 effect, cause, accomplish, inflict; tD or 
 KaKu>s iroieiv, treat well or ill; iKKX-qaidv 
 TToieip, call or convoke a meeting. 839, 
 840. 
 
faith in^ 
 
 ^d faith, 
 
 faithful, 
 given to 
 tffrci, rd, 
 
 ware, of 
 
 thrum, a 
 
 ■oXus. 
 
 ,701,871 
 , sail. 
 s, extent, 
 
 'efpt that; 
 ept. 
 full, full 
 
 icrw, etc., 
 64. 
 
 neut. as 
 in attrib- 
 
 R56. 
 
 md iirXA- 
 ike, Eng. 
 
 }sei, 6oa<. 
 
 it, posy], 
 
 fashion, 
 
 ct; tD or 
 
 iKK\7}(Tidp 
 
 %g. «89, 
 
 iroiK(Xo$ 
 
 troiKtXos, ri, ov, party-colored. 
 iroios, a, 01/, interr. pron., 366, of 
 what sort ? Lat. qualis. 822, 828. 
 
 tiroX«|i<«, iro\e/iiJ(rw, etc., 282, war, 
 maAre or carry on war, fight. 804. 
 
 tiroX«niK6s, t}, 6./, 648 [polemic], of or 
 for war, imrlike, skilled in war. 
 
 tiroX^Hios, o, ov, 94, belonging to xoar, 
 at war with, hostile; rd woUfjua, mili- 
 tary matters ; voX^fiioi, 6, an enemy in 
 Avar; ol iroX^fiioi, the enemy. 864. 
 
 ir6Xc)tos, ov, 6, 78, loar, warfare. 
 
 tiroXi-opK<«, TToXiopKijffu, .318 l + efpyu, 
 hem in], hem in a city, besiege. 
 
 ir6Xis, ews, ij, 478, 748 [acro-po/is], 
 city, state. 
 
 tiroXXdKis, adv., 276, many times, 
 often, frequently. 
 
 iroXvs, TToXXif, TToXi), 602, 677, 763 
 [po/y-. as in po/y -syllable, etc.], much, 
 many, Lat. multus, in great numbers, 
 great, large, long, strong; neut. as adv., 
 ttoXj}, much, far; t6 iroXiJ, the greater 
 part ; iwl ttoXiJ, over a great extent. 
 
 ;iroXw.T€X^s, ^i, 429 [+ t^Xoj, outlay], 
 requiring outlay, expensive. 
 
 iiroviia, wov^ffu, etc., 598, toil, labor, 
 undergo hardship,- earn by hard work. 
 ir6vos, ov, o, 698, toil, hardship. 
 tirop«{a, OS, 17, 561, journey, march. 
 tirojHwft), irope^ffw, 178, make go; 
 coram, pass, dep., go, proceed, advance, 
 march, journey. 
 tirop(ta» (TTopid), voptw, etc., ^1^, fur- 
 nish, provide, give; mid., get, obtain. 
 
 irdpos, ov, 6, means of passing, ford, 
 passage, way or means of doing, means, ' 
 
 nrnrndinn 
 ' -a- 
 
 w6«ros, ri, ov, interr. pron., 356, how 
 
 much f Lat. quantus. 822, 823. 
 
 89 
 
 irpo6d)i(rts 
 
 iroTa)i6s, ov, 6, 83 [hippo-potamus], 
 river. 
 
 iroW, indef. end. adv., 527, at some 
 time, once on a time, once, ever. 
 
 ir6Tfpos, d, ov, inteiT. pron., 591, 
 which of two? neut. as adv., in an 
 alternative question, ndrepov ...■!}, 
 whether . . . or, Lat. utruin . . . an. 
 
 irov, interr. adv., 615, where? 
 
 irovs, TToSSi, 6, 527 [Lat. pes, Eng. 
 FOOT, tri-pod], foot. 
 
 irpa-yjia, arot, t6, 318 [irpdrTw], deed, 
 thing, matter, affair, event, circum- 
 stance, difficulty; pi., affairs, trouble. 
 irpirTft) (wpay), vpd^w, ^vpi^a, 
 TT^rpdya and irivpaxa, iriirpayixai, 
 iTTpdxevp, 308, 871 [practice], do, act, 
 accomplish; intr., do, fare. 
 
 irp«^«s, adv. [xp^os, mild, tame], 
 lightly. 
 
 irptv, conj., 472 [-irp«S], before, until. 
 irp6, prep, with gen., 235 [Lat. 
 pro, before, Eng. for, fore], of place, 
 before, in front of, faring, hence, in 
 defence of, for the sake of, for, in pref- 
 erence to ; of time, before. 
 
 In composition irpb signifies before, 
 forth, forward, in public, in behalf of. 
 irpo-pdXXd), throw before ; mid. , rpo- 
 PdXXeaffai rd 6irXa, present anus. 
 ■irpo-8iopa£v«, 722, cross first. 
 irpo-8£8«ni, 701, give over, surrender, 
 betray, abandon. 
 
 irp«S-€ini (el fit), 729, go forward, ad- 
 vance, proceed, come on. 
 
 irpo-tXaivu, intr., 722, ride forward, 
 march on before, push on. 
 
 irpd-aujios, OP, 472 [evjjidsj, ready, 
 eager. 
 
 jirpo-ev|i«s, adv., 698, eagerly. 
 
irpotT))ii 
 
 40 
 
 wOp 
 
 irpo-tT)jii, 7.34, send forth; mid., yivc 
 oneself up, entrust, surrender, abandon. 
 
 7po-|i{T<i)ir(8ioV| ov, t6 [fi^Twvov, fore- 
 head], frontlet, of liofHes. See So. 8.'J. 
 
 nil 
 
 No. 83. 
 
 np6|€vos, ov, 6, 212, Prozenus. 
 
 irpo-opdw, .see in front. 
 
 irp6s, i)rep. with gen., dat., and ace, 
 116, confronting, at, by. With gen., 
 over against, towards ; in swearing, by ; 
 with the pass., by, from ; with adjec- 
 tives, in the sight of; expressing what 
 is characteristic, pertaining to, like. 
 With dat., near, at, besides, in addi- 
 tion to. With ace, to, toxoards, against, 
 before, at, according to, with respect 
 to, about; rpb^ (piXldv, in a friendly 
 manner. 
 
 In composition 7rp6s signifies to, 
 towards, against, besides, in addi- 
 tion to. 
 
 irpoo--aiT^ca, ask in addition. 
 
 'npo(r-<\avv<tf, 430, ride towards or 
 up. 
 
 irpo<r-^PXO|iiai, 015, come on or up, 
 approach, advance^ 8(15. 
 
 irpo<r-^K(i>, 472, be come to, be related 
 to. HHO. 
 
 irp6<r-0€v, adv., 488 [irp6«], before, 
 preoioualy, sooner ; in attributive posi- 
 tion, prenious. 
 
 irpoor-KwitUfTrpoff KVvi/iau},Trpoff-eKivr)<ra, 
 5.'57 [kvv4u, kisa], make obeisance to, 
 salute. 
 
 irpoo--\a(iipdvb>, take to oneself. 
 
 irpo(r-iro\c|ji^<i), war against. 
 
 irposr-rdTTw, 537, assign or appoint ; 
 pa.ss. impersonal irpoff-erdxOV} orders 
 had been given. 
 
 irpo-o-TcpvlSiov, ov, t6 [o-r^pvov], breast- 
 plate, of horses. See under No. 83. 
 
 irpdTcpos, o, ov [trp6], former, pre- 
 vious; neut. nH nilv., formerly. 
 
 irpo-Ti|id(i), 45)0, honor more. 
 
 irpo-Tp^Xo), <)10, run forward. 
 
 irpo-({>a(v<i>, show forth; mid., come 
 in sight, appear. 
 
 irpwTos, Vi Of, 235 [irpd], first, fore- 
 most; neut. as adv., irpwrov, at first, 
 first. 
 
 iTT^pvl, vyoi, rj [ir^TO|Aai], wing of a 
 bird, flap of a cuirass. 
 
 ITvOa-ydpas, ov, 6, Pythagoras. 
 
 IlvXai, wv, al, Pylae. 
 
 irvXt], 7]s, 71, 60, gate, pi. gate, pass. 
 
 irvv6dvo|xai {trvd), ireijffofjiai, iirvddfjirjv, 
 iriirvffixai, 610, 871, inquire, ask, learn 
 by inquiry, learn, ascertain, find out. 
 028. 
 
 iriip, TTvpds, t6, 038 [fire, pyre], fire; 
 pi., irvpd, rd, beacons. 
 
n. 
 
 } wards or 
 
 on or up, 
 
 be related 
 
 i], before, 
 utive posi- 
 
 Usance to, 
 
 self. 
 
 ' appoint ; 
 9r}, orders 
 
 ov], breast- 
 No. 83. 
 'mer, pre- 
 ly. 
 e. 
 rd. 
 lid., come 
 
 first, fore- 
 V, at first, 
 
 wing of a 
 
 ras. 
 
 ite, pass. 
 
 ask, learn 
 find out. 
 
 tyre], fire; 
 
 ir«S, indef. oncl. adv., 722, yet, up 
 to this time. 
 
 ir«X<w, TTwXiJffw [innnn-po/y], sell. 
 
 iTMs, intcrr. adv., :i8\), how f 
 
 irw«, indef. end. adv., 004, in any 
 way, somehow, at all. 
 
 ^^Sios, d, ov, bll, 678, easy. 
 
 \h^L*a%, adv., mb, easily, readily. 
 
 fiiu {f,v), fxvaoixai, ippOrjKa, ^ppljrjp, 728, 
 871 [cata-rrh, rheum], fiow. 
 
 ^^T«p, opos, 6, ;34i),745 [<p«], speaker, 
 orator. 
 
 ftiirrvi (pl<p,f,i(p), Itt^pu, Uppiyl/a, fppi<pa, 
 ^pplp.p.ai, ippt(pdr)p and ippl(pi)v, 678, 871, 
 throw, hurl, cast aside. 
 
 <rdXiri"y|, 770?, 17, trumpet. 
 lo-oXirf^ft) {(raXwiyy), ^adXtriy^a, 729, 
 blow the trumpet; infi ^adXny^e {sc. 6 
 ffaXiriKT^s), when the trumpet sounded 
 the charge. 
 
 |o-a\iriKT^s, ov, 6, trumpeter. See 
 
 No. 56. 
 Sdp.ios, o, ov, Samian, 
 2dp8€is, fwv, ai, 478, Sardis. 
 t<roTpair€ww, rule as satrap, rule. 
 
 847. 
 
 <raTpdTrT]s, ov, 6, 124, satrap, viceroy. 
 
 Sdrvpos, ov, 6, the satyr Silenus. 
 See No. 10. 
 
 ers-ovTov, ^j, contr. aavroO, ^s, refl. 
 pron., 449, 700 [o-^+airds], of yourself. 
 HID. 
 
 (ri<r<a\Lai, see <Tcpi;'u. 
 o-ffiia, aroy, t6, sign. 
 
 41 
 
 0"Kt)irTo{)xot 
 
 joTinofvw ((ri;/uo^), ffyjfiavw, iffiipn^va, 
 <rf<7iflHa<Tfiai, iarjfidverjv, iUlH, show by a 
 sign, git^e the signal, make known. 
 £iXSv6$, ov, 6, Sildnus. 
 
 a-iros, ov, 6, :W> [iiara-site], grain, 
 corn, food, supplies. 
 
 OTK^iTTOnoi {aKfv), <TKi\potiai, iaK€\pd- 
 Mfi ^CTKefifMai, 4119 [sceptic], spy, npy 
 out, view, find out, observe carefully, 
 deliberate, .nee to it. 
 t<rK«v^, ^s, ij, equipment, dress. 
 
 oTKivos, ovs, t6, year, utensils, pi. 
 baggage. 
 
 }<rK«vo-<f>op<w, <TKevo(popT^(TU}, 678, carry 
 baggage. 
 
 |(rK€vo-4)6pos, ov, 648 [+ ^ipu], 
 
 baggage-carrying ; (TK(vo<p6pa, rd, pack- 
 animals, the baggage-train, the baggage. 
 to-KTjv^w, (TK-nvriffu, ia-KT^vrjaa, 602, be 
 in camp, aor. go into camp, encamp. 
 
 orKT]vVj, ^y, i), 46, 739 [scene], tent. 
 See No. ;}. 
 
 o-KTiirToOxos, ov, 6 [ffK-fjTTTpov, sccptre, 
 + €x«], sceptre-bearer, a lii^^h officer 
 at the Persian court. See No. 84. 
 
 I 
 
 No. 84. 
 
I 
 
 1' 
 
 .1 
 
 <r6% 42 
 
 <r6«, <r7}, a6v, 448, 449 [a-<>, Lat. <MW.s, 
 
 <A2/, Eng. THINK, tiiv], thy, thine, your. 
 
 2o<(>a(vcTos, ou, 6, Sophaenetus. 
 
 (Tirdu, fo-Tracra, eatraKa, icriraafxai, 
 
 iffirdffdyiv, 835, 871 {Lat. spatium, space, 
 
 Eng. si'ACK, spasm], draio. 
 
 a-irdpu {(Tirep), <nrepw, eo-Trei/oo, f<nrap- 
 p.ai, ioirdprjv, 662, 871 [simjhn, spora- 
 dic], sow, scatter, disperse. 
 
 0"ircv8ci>, <r7rei5o-w, fffirevoa, 400, ?^r</e, 
 hasten, be urgent. 
 
 erwovS^, Tji, i), 150 [o-tt^j'Sw, offer a 
 libation, Eng. spondee], libation, pi. 
 <ruce. 
 o"irou8^, ^s, i) [(riTtvZa], haste, hurry. 
 o-rdSiov, ov, rd, pi. (rrdSm, ol, and 
 o-rdSia, rd, 518, extended space, stadium, 
 stade, as a measure of distance 600 
 Greek feet. 
 
 (rTa6(i,6s, ov, 6, 188 [l'<rTn|iv], stopping- 
 place, station, stage, day''s march. 
 tcrT^Yao-|io, otoj, t6, covering. 
 o-riyi], 1]$, i] [ar^u, cover, Lat. tego, 
 cover, Eng. thatch], roof, house. 
 
 a-rlKXa ((ttcX), arreXQ^ ^areiXa, IcrraX- 
 Ka, ^araXfiai, ivrdXr^v, 629, 778, 780, 
 871. put in order, equip, send. 
 
 cTTcvis, ij, t>v, 63 [steno-graphy], nar- 
 ', wj, strait ; arevSv, ov, t6, defile, pass. 
 <rrtpio>, arepi/iffw, etc., 2 fut. pass., 
 arep-fivoixai, 382, deprive, rob; pres. 
 pass., ar^pofiai, have lost, be without. 
 848. 
 a-ripvov, ov, t6, breast. 
 a-ri^avos, ov, 6, 701 [<rT4<pu, put 
 round], crown, wreath, chaplet. See 
 No. 51. 
 vTl^oSf ovs, t6, mass, throng. 
 o-TdXos, ov, 6, 264 [<rW\Xw], equip- 
 ment, armed force, expedition. 
 
 <rv)iPovX(il«» 
 
 (rr6|ia, aroj, t6, 255, mouth, van. 
 
 to-Tpdrcvjio, OTOJ, r6, 255, army, 
 troops, host, force, division, contingent. 
 
 t<rTpoT€w«, (TTpareiffu, 116, make an 
 expedition, make war ; mid. dep.^ take 
 the field, take part in an expedition. 
 
 toTpar-tj'Y^ci*, ar par rjyT^ffu, 518, be 
 general, lead, command. 847. 
 
 t<rTpaT-T)"y<Js, ov, 6, 83 [+&y«], gen- 
 eral, commander. 
 
 to-Tparii, as, ij, 40, 739, army^ troops, 
 host. 
 
 tcrTpaTi«TT|s, ov, 6, 102, 740, soldier, 
 pi. troops. 
 
 toTpaTo-ircScvu, 508, encamp; comm. 
 mid. dep. , encamp, go into camp. 
 
 to-Tpard-ireSov, ov, t6, 472 [+ir^8ov], 
 camp-ground, encampment. 
 
 (TTpoTds, ov, 6, an encamped army, 
 army, force. 
 
 ttTTpcirrds, ov, 6, 292, necklace, collar, 
 worn by Persians. See Nos. 21, 58. 
 
 a-rpi^a, arpiypw, ^arperpa, $<rTpo(pa, 
 e(TTpafip.ai, iar pd<f)yfv and iaTpi<l>eriv, 578, 
 871 [strophe, ajw-strophe], turn, twist; 
 intr., and in pass., turn or face about. 
 
 o-rpovOds, ov, ij [o-stn'c/i], sparrow; 
 arpovebs i] fieydXrj or ij 'Apafila, the 
 ostrich. See No. 28. 
 
 <rv, crov, pers. proii., 439, 759 [Lat. tu, 
 Eng. thou], thou, you. 435, 816. 
 
 a~uy-Ka\iia, 327, call together, suin-^ 
 mon. 
 
 Sv^vvco-is, toy, 6, Syennesis. 
 
 o-v\-\ap,pdvcD, seize, arrest. 
 
 a-v\-\{yu, 561, collect, gather, bring 
 
 together ; pass. , come together, assemble. 
 
 t<ru)ji.-povXcv(tt, 178, plan with, advise, 
 
 counsel, gioe advice; mid., consult with, 
 
 deliberate. 
 
uth, van. 
 255, army, 
 , contingent. 
 6, make an 
 I. dep.j take 
 pedition. 
 y, 518, be 
 i47. 
 
 vny, troops, 
 
 40, soldier, 
 
 np; comm. 
 camp. 
 [+ir^8ov], 
 
 tped army, 
 
 lace, collar, 
 3. 21, 58. 
 
 >i<p0r}v, 578, 
 
 face about. 
 , sparrow; 
 fa^la, the 
 
 )9 [Lat. <M, 
 [>, 816. 
 
 !. 
 
 ', assemble. 
 Ith, advise, 
 nsult with, 
 
 ^fjiPovXot 
 
 <ril|i-povXos, ou, 6 [povX^], ativiser. 
 
 tcrvfA-naxta, aj, ^, 722, alliance. 
 
 <rv,i.,ioxos, Of, 78 [ftdxTi], i/i alliance 
 with; aififxaxoi, ov, 6, ally. 
 
 «rvn-ir<nw«, 160, send with. 
 
 (rv\k-iropt{io\ikai, 341, accompany. 
 
 <rv|i-irpiTTa), help in doing, co-operate. 
 
 <rvv, prep, with dat., 102 [Lat. cum, 
 with], with, in company with, along with, 
 together with, on the side of, with the 
 help or aid of, by the favor of 
 
 In composition aiv signifies with, 
 along with, together, jointly, at the 
 same time, entirely, at once. 
 
 oniv-A-yw, 202, bring or get together, 
 call, collect. 
 
 OT>v-avTd», crvv-^vTrjffa [dvrt], meet 
 ivith, meet. 864. 
 <rvv-AirT(D, join with. 
 <n>v.€K-Pipdt«, help extricate. 
 trvv-vm-o-'irt'uBo), help hurry on. 
 «ri}v-eTj|ia, aroj, t6 [o-vv-tWtiixi], thing 
 agreed on, watchword. 
 
 o-i)v-oi8a, 722, share in knowledge, 
 be conscious. 628. 
 
 «n»v.TdTT«, 222, set in order together, 
 draw up in battle array; mid., fall 
 into battle-line, take one's position. 
 
 «rwv.TC0r)ni, 695, put together; mid., 
 make an agreement, contract. 
 tSvpCa, dy, i}, Syria. 
 Svpos, ov, 6, a Syrian. 
 orv-orirdw, draw or sew together. 
 «rv-<rTpoT€wo|Aai, 178, take the field 
 with, join an expedition. 
 
 <r4>d\X(i> (<r0a\), atpaXQ), e<r<p7)\a, 
 f<r</)a\fiai, iffipdXrjv [Lat. fallCh trip, 
 Eng. fall], trip up, make fall; pass., 
 fail, meet with a mischance. 
 c+iis, see ov. 
 
 48 
 
 rd^is 
 
 <nj>ev8<Svt), rjs, i,, 45, sling, Lat. /wnda. 
 
 |o-4.€v8ov^Ttis, ov, 6, 356, slinger. See 
 No. 24. 
 
 <r<j)f<ri, see ov. 
 
 <r«|>d8pa, adv., 652 [<T<po^p6<i, violent], 
 exceedingly, excessively. 
 
 <rx«8£o, OS, i}, 422, raft, float. See 
 No. 31. 
 
 o'X^tw {(TX^S), ^(Txtcra, iffxiae-qv, 439 
 
 [Lat. scindo, split, Eng. schism], split. 
 
 t<rxo\oC«s, adv., 449, slowly; neut. 
 
 comp. as adv., a-xoXairepov, more 
 
 slowly. 
 
 o-xoX^, rjs, ■}}, 335 [J{x»], a holding 
 up, leisure; erxoXfj, slowly. 
 
 a-i^l<a {a-u, ffwd), a-Jxru, eawaa, aiawKa, 
 <T^<rwfiai and ffiauiafiai, iaibdt^v, 382, 871 
 [<r«os], save, rescue, preserve, keep 
 safe; mid. and pass., save oneself, be 
 saved alive, escape, return or arrive 
 safely. 
 SwKpdTTjs, ovi, 6, 396, Socrates. 
 <r«na, oToj, t6, 382, body, life, person. 
 o-wos, a, ov or o-«s, (TO., <tQv [Lat. 
 sanus, sound], safe and sound, alive, 
 saved from danger. 
 |.o-«T^p, ^pos, 6, 518, savior. 
 |<r«Tiip(a, as, ri, 652, safety, deliver- 
 ance, rescue from danger. 
 t<r«-<J)poo-vvti,7;s, rj, 664, self-control. 
 <r«-<j>pa)v, ov, gen. ows [o-wos + tpp'^v, 
 mind], of sound mind, discreet. 
 
 rdXavTov, ov, r6, a talent, worth 60 
 minas, or about -flOSO.OO. See under 
 ^pax/J,'^. 
 
 rdgis, cws, 7), 478 [Tdrrw], arrange- 
 ment, esp. of troops, order, rank, array, 
 line of battle, division. 
 
rapdrrw 
 
 44 
 
 rl^btpioi 
 
 rap&rra (Ta/)ax)i rapA^w, irdpa^a, 
 Tfrdpayfxai, irapax^V^i ^^^-j trouble, 
 disturb. 
 jTdpaxos, ov, 6, confusion, tumult. 
 
 Top<ro£, wr, ol, Tarsus. 
 
 TaTTW (ray), rd^d), era^a, Tiraxa, 
 T^rayixai, iraxOrju, 222 [tactics, taxi- 
 dcrmij, si/n-tax], arrange, assign, order, 
 osp. of troops, draw up, marshal ; mid. 
 and pass., take one's post, be sta- 
 tioned. 
 
 TavTd, by crasis for rb avrb. 
 
 Td4>pos, ov, ri, 502 [0dirT«], ditch, 
 trench. 
 
 trdxa, adv., 380, quickly, forthwith; 
 in apodosis with &v, perhaps. 
 trax^ws, adv., 472, quickly, soon. 
 
 Tttxvs, eta, i;, 548, quick, sioift, Lat. 
 cclcr ; dia Taxi<^v, with speed; neut. 
 as adv., raxi^, sioiftly, soon; comp. 
 doLTTov, more quickly ; sup. Tdxtcra, 
 with 6ti or ws, as quickly as possible, 
 with all possible speed. 
 
 Ti, end. copulntive conj., IGl, and, 
 corresponding to Kai much as Lat. -que 
 to et ; re . . . Kai or re Kal, both . . . 
 and. 
 
 TcOvdvai, W6vT]Ka, see Ov^o-kw. 
 
 Ttlvat {t€v), revQ, ^reiva, T^raKa, 
 T^rafxai, irddrju, 629 [Lat. tendo, stretch, 
 Eng. Tiiix, DANCE, tone], stretch, exert 
 oneself, hasten, push on. 
 
 Tiixos, ovs, t6, 396 [dike, ditch, 
 dig], toall, rampart, fort. 
 
 treXtvTaiog, a, ov, 573, last, at the 
 rear ; oi TeXevraioi, the rear guard. 
 
 tTiXtvrdo), reXeuTiJcrw, 548, end, finish, 
 end QP.c^s life-, die. 
 ItcXcvt^, ■^y, V, 648, end, death. 
 tTlX^w, T^w, ir^Xeffa, TerAe/ca, rer^- 
 
 \eaiiai, ireX^aOrjp, 578, 871, complete, 
 finish, fulfil an obligation, pay. 
 
 riXos, ovs, t6, 548 [Lat. terminus, 
 end, Eng. talisman], fulfilment, end, 
 result; ace. as adv., tAoj, at last, 
 finally. 835. 
 
 T^|iv<i) {rcfi), refjiw, (refxov and fra/xov, 
 T^T/xriKa, T^TfXTjfjLai, iTfXT^drjv, 615, 871 
 [Lat. temnd, slight, 'cm^' Eng. a-tom], 
 cut. 
 tWrapTos, Tj, ov, 616, fourth. 
 trtTTopdKovTa, indecl., 57S, forty. 
 
 rhrapts, a, 518, 757 [Lat. quattuor, 
 Eng. KoiK, tetra-gon, tetr-archy],four. 
 
 W|K« (raK), Trj^u), ^rij^a, t^tt/jku, 
 iTdK7]v and iTiix6r)v, 638, 871 [Lat. iaftes, 
 decay, Eng. thaw], weii; intr., </iaio, 
 
 t(Ot)|xi (^e), 6-f]<TU, edi)Ka, rideiKa, 
 fideiixaL, iTid-qv, 695, 784, 788, 871 [Lat. 
 facio, make, do, fid, be done, become, 
 -do in compounds such as credo, put 
 faith in, Eng. do, deem, doom, king- 
 DOM, thesis, theme, treasure], put, set, 
 place, institute; Biadai rk ^TrXa, order 
 arms, ground arms, get under arms; 
 /card x^P^^ ^Oevro rd ^TrXa, moved back 
 to quarters. 
 
 trifidw, T'lu-fjffu), etc., 275, 765, 781, 
 value, esteem, honor. 
 
 rl^i\, ^s, ri, 374 [timo-cracy], value, 
 xoorth, price, honor, esteem. 
 
 jxtjiios, a, ov, 374, precious, valued, 
 honored, in honor, worthy. 
 
 jTifi-wp^ci), Tificop-ria-w, etc., 389 [rlfi- 
 wpbs, watching over honor, from rl\i.-f] 
 + the root which appears in opdu] , 
 avenge; mid., aoenge oneself on, take 
 vengeance on, punish; pass., be pun- 
 ished, tortured. 
 
complete^ 
 
 terminus, 
 
 cut, end, 
 
 at last, 
 
 d €TafJLOV, 
 
 G15, 871 
 J. a-tom], 
 
 forty. 
 
 quattuor, 
 
 hy],four. 
 
 T^TTJKa, 
 
 Lat. tabes, 
 tr., thaw, 
 
 ridcLKa, 
 871 [Lat. 
 :, become, 
 redo, j)ut 
 OM, king- 
 , put, set, 
 \a, order 
 er arms; 
 oved back 
 
 755, 781, 
 
 /], value, 
 
 ?, valued, 
 
 389 [Tifi- 
 rom rl\i.i\ 
 ill opdu], 
 ' on, take 
 , be pun- 
 
 t(s, tI, gen. tIvos, interr. pron., 350, 
 703, who? tvhich? what? Lat. quis; 
 neut. ace. as adv., tI, why? 822. 
 
 tIs, tI, gen. rtj/65, end. indef. pron., 
 350, 703, a, an, any, some, a sort of, a 
 certain, Lat. quis; subst., somebody, 
 anybody, something, anything, pi. some. 
 
 Tio-(ra(|>c'pvT]s, ous, 6, ace. Ti(Taa<f)4p- 
 vr}v, 39(5, Tissaphernes. 
 
 TiTptoo-Kw (t/)o), T/)ti(rw, ^Tpwau, t4- 
 Tpufiai, iTpibd-qv, 004, wound. 
 
 ToidaSc, ToidSe, Tot6;'5e, demon, pron., 
 such, such as follows; ^Xe^e roidBe, spoke 
 as follows or in the following terms. 
 
 T6X|ia, 7;y, 7] [Lat. /oZero, endure, 
 Eng. a-tlas], courage to endure. 
 
 jToXjiAw, ToXfi'jaw, etc., 422, /iaue i/ie 
 courage, venture, risk, dare. 
 
 tT6|ev|ia, arcs, t6, arrow. See Nos. 
 4, 14. 
 
 tTo|«<iw, ^T6fewo, Teri^eu^ai, ho^cidtjv, 
 150, u«e one's 6om;, shoot. See No. 85. 
 
 TpiSK6(rioi 
 
 rocovTOS, ToaavTTj, ToaovTov, dein. 
 pron., 0(i4, so much, so many; with 
 comparatives, to<to(it(^, by so much, 
 the; neut. ace. as adv., toctovtov, so 
 much, so far. 
 
 t6t«, adv., 94, at that time, then. 
 
 Tpd-TTfta, 77$, ri, 63 [Wrrapcs + irovs, 
 cf. ir€t6s], table, prop, with four legs. 
 See No. 4. 
 
 TpdxTiXos, 01/, 6, neck, throat. 
 
 Tp«is, rpLa, 518, 757 [Lat. tres, Eng. 
 THUKi;, tri-pod], three. 
 
 rpiiru, Tpi\pu}, trpexpa and (rpanop, 
 TiTpotpa, T^TpafjLixai, irpam^v and ^Tp(^- 
 (pdt^v, 402, 871, iitni, tiireci, divert, rout ; 
 mid., iwrn oneself, turn aside, look, 
 face. 
 
 rpi^a, Opixpw, f0pe\l/a, T^dpafifxai, irpi.- 
 (pr}v and idp^(f>0riv, 501, 871, nourish, 
 supiwrt, maintain; pass., be supported, 
 subsist. 
 
 xp^XO) {rpex, Spa/x), 8pap.ovp.ai, Upa- 
 
 No. 85. 
 
 ■.-\v>\ 
 
 Tdgov, Qi/, T<i», 83 [in-toxic-ate, toxico- 
 logy], bow. See Nos. 13, 14, 35, 45, 48, 
 57,09.-, .^ ;,^, 
 ^Togdriis, ov, 6, 102, bowman. 
 T<iiros, ov, 6, 429 [tovic], place, region. 
 
 pov, SedpdprjKa, Sfdpdprjpai, 010, 871 
 [cf. 8i8p^(rK<i>], run. 
 
 rpioKovra, iiidecl., 212 [rpti^], thirty. 
 
 Tpia-K6<rioi, at, a, 102 [xpcis + tKaTdv], 
 
rpt^w 
 
 46 
 
 iir6|AVT)|ia 
 
 tpt^ia, Tptypw, frpiyf/a, r^rpKpa, rdrplfi- 
 fiai, irplfirjv and iTpt<f>er)P, 578, 871, rub. 
 
 Tpi-^PHS, ovs, i], 300, 747 [rptls+ipia- 
 <rw, row], war-vessel, trireme, galley, 
 with three banks of oars on each side 
 of the vessel. For the position of tlie 
 rowers, see No. 86. 
 
 No. 86. 
 
 Tpi<r-Ka(-ScKa or Tp€i<r-Ka(-8«Ka, in- 
 decl. [Tp€is4-KaC + 8^Ka], thirteen. 
 Tpi<r-xt\ioi, ai, a [rptli + X*^«'0«']> 
 
 sooo. 
 
 TptTos, »?, ov, 518 [Tptis], third; adv., 
 rb Tplrov, the third time. 
 
 TpoiHj, ^y, t), 673 [Tp^irw], rout, 
 defeat. 
 
 Tv-yxAv*) (tux), re^^oixai, fTvxov, t€t«5- 
 XVKa and T^Tevxa, 604, 871, hit, attain, 
 get, obtain, happen, chance. 845. 
 
 Tvpiaiov, ov, rb, Tyriaeum. 
 
 Tip, see Tis. 
 
 iiSwp, aroj, rb, 502 [Lat. unda, wave, 
 Eng. WATER, WET, h/dro-], water. 
 vl<Js, ov, 0, 124 [son], son. 
 vfM's, see <riJ. 
 jv|i^T€pos, o, ov, 448, 449, T/our. 
 
 -.•n-«yw, tctttx ci/tUCT, inil. , iCad OH OT 
 
 advance slowly; mid., draw on, suggest 
 craj'tily. 
 
 iiir-apxos, ov, b [opx«], lieutenant. 
 
 vv4p, prep, witli gen. and ace, 236 
 [Lat. super, over, Eng. ovek, hyper-], 
 over. With gen., over, above, beyond, 
 for, in behalf of, for the sake of, in 
 defence of, instead of. With ace, over, 
 above, more than. 
 
 In composition vn-^p signifies over, 
 above, beyond, exceedingly, for, in 
 behalf of. 
 
 vwcp-PoX^, iji, Tj [pdXXw], act of 
 crossing, crossing, mountain pass. 
 
 vir-icrxtro, etc. , see vviaxv^ofMi. 
 
 vir-^Koos, OP [vir6+ oKoilw], listen- 
 ing to, obedient. 803. 
 
 vir-io-xv^O|iai, viro-(Txi^<rofiai, iiir-eax^ 
 Hrjv, VTT-^ffxvfiat, 627, 871 [lx«], hold 
 oneself under, promise. 
 
 vir6, pr^p. with gen., dat., and ace, 
 204 [Lat. sub, under], under. With 
 gen., under, from under, frequently of 
 agency, by, through, from, at the hands 
 of, by reason of. With dat., under, 
 beneath, at the foot of, under the power 
 of. With ace, under, down under. 
 
 In composition inrb signifies under, 
 often with an idea of secrecy or craft 
 {cf Eng. underhand), or has diminu- 
 tive force, rather, somewhat, or it 
 denotes subordination or inferiority. 
 
 {iiro-8^X<>H-<^''> "receive under one's pro- 
 tection, welcome. 
 
 viro-tvYiov, ov, rb, 222 [^ybv, yoke, 
 Lat. iugum, Eng. yoke], beast of 
 burden ; pi. baggage animals. 
 
 viro-Xctiro), 644, leave behind. 
 viro-Xv«, 527, loose beneath, take off 
 one''s shoes. 
 
 vir6-|Avi|)ta, otos, rb [(Ai|fcvt|crK«)], 
 memorial, reminder. 
 
VtrOlTTtVW 
 
 47 
 
 ((>id\t) 
 
 leutenant. 
 (1 ace, 235 
 :u, hyper-], 
 ue, beyond, 
 sake of, in 
 I ace. , over, 
 
 nlfies over, 
 /, for, in 
 
 a], act of 
 ipass. 
 viofiai. 
 >«], listen- 
 
 i\'j>}, hold 
 
 , and ace, 
 er. With 
 quently of 
 5 the hands 
 it., under, 
 ' the power 
 I under. 
 Res under, 
 y or craft 
 js diminu- 
 \at, or it 
 'eriority. 
 one's pro- 
 
 )y6v, yoke, 
 beast of 
 
 id. 
 
 h, take off 
 
 i|ivx|(rK«)], 
 
 iir-OTTTtiw, vir-oTTTa'xTco, 728 [vjr-oTrro'!, 
 Viewed with SHspidnn, rf 6'4/onaiJ,' 
 siifipcct, apprehend, surmise. 
 
 VTT-o^rto, dy, ^ [f/. iw.oirT€Vw], mspi- 
 cion, apprehension; vno^ld ^arl, with 
 (lilt, of person, be apprehensive. 
 
 lio-Tcpaios, d, ov, 07.'], later, followimj ; 
 TV mrepaiq. {sc. ii,j.ipc^), ike following 
 da>/, next da;/. 
 
 IvcrrtpU, WTip-qcra, var^priKa, be later, 
 come too late for. 850. 
 
 Wt€pos, d, Of, 204 [oirr, irrricit], 
 later; neut. as adv., mrepou, later, 
 afterwards. 
 
 4>a£v« (^a./), 0arw, r07;m, 7r^0a7K-a 
 and 7r^077,/a, iT^(f>a(TfiaL, ^(pdvdrjv and 
 «?0c£^77,., r,<)I, 771, 772, 770, 871 [phe- 
 nomenon, dia-phanous, phantastic], 
 brincjto light, make appear, show; juid. 
 and pass, and 2 pf., show onesdf be 
 shown, be seen, appear, turn out. 
 
 «j)a\aY|, 770 J, v, 245, 74:5 [phalanx], 
 line of battle, phalanx; Kara 4>d\ayya, 
 in line of battle. 
 
 +av€p6s, d, bv, 8:5 [^jaivw], in plain 
 sight, visible, manifest, open; 4v tQ 
 (pap€p(^, <>2)enl!/, pubUdy. 
 
 tpop^Tpa, as, ij, quiver. See Nos. 11 
 14, 87. 
 
 ^ 4>^p« (0ep, oi, ivcK), oUffu, ijueyKu and 
 Y^yKou, ivif^uoxa, iv/,,eyp.ai, v^^xOv, 
 "2J), 871 [Liii.fero, bear, fors, chance, 
 
 fur, thief lluvr, jjKAK, lUIUDKX, 
 
 i«n;i{, itiurn, meta-phor, phos-phorus], 
 bear, bring, carry, produce, receive, 
 endure; pass., be borne, carry, rush; 
 XaXeTTws <p4pui>, take it ill, be troubled. 
 
 f^xvyu (^vy), ^xO^ofiai and ^ev^ov^ai, 
 Hvyou, irhp^vya, 327, 871 [L^i. fugio, 
 fee, Kn- HOW {bend), now (tlio weap- 
 on), ii.„r, mx-om],Jhe, takefight, run 
 away, retreat, jly, L:xt. f agio jlee from., 
 run away from, jtcc from one's counts/, 
 be an ccile, be banished; oi <f,e&yofT(s, 
 the exiles. 
 
 No. 87 
 
 c|)Tint, 0^(rw, r^T/o-a, 472, 704 [Lat. 
 farl, say, f (Una, report, Eng. iun, jn-o- 
 phet, phase], say, declare, state; '^<pr,, 
 said yes; o{,k k'tprj, said no, in answers; 
 ov (prifxi, say no, refuse, deny. 
 
 <j>0dv« {<pea), <pOi/iaofjLai and </,0d(rio, 
 Hey)v and '4,peaaa, (585, 871, get the 
 start of, anticipate, outstrip. 
 
 4>e^Y70,iai, (pe^y^ofxai, etc., inifl.dep., 
 make a Sf)nnd, shout, sound. 
 
 (j)0€£p« (cpdep), rf^depQ,, ^^peeipa, ^>eapKa, 
 HOapfiai, i<pddpr,v, 020, 871, destroy, lay 
 waste, corrupt. 
 
 .jjidXri, t;v, i, [phial, vial], drinking 
 Clip; it was round and shallow like a 
 lurge saucer, but deeper, made of 
 
<)>iX^(a 
 
 48 
 
 XaXiv6s 
 
 earthenware or of bronze, gold, or 
 silver. See No. 88. 
 
 No. 88. 
 
 t<j)iX^a), 0tXi5(rw, 282, love, of the love 
 of family and friends. 
 
 t<{>iX(a, ds, 7), 488, affection, friend- 
 ship. 
 
 t<}>iXios, a, ov, 131, friendly, amicable, 
 at peace, used esp. of countries. 803. 
 ({>(Xos, 77, 01', 141 [phU-anthropy, 
 phi/tre], friendly, dear, dear to, loved 
 by, attached to, kindly disposed, comp. 
 (piXalrepos or 0/\re/3os ; <p[\os, 6, friend, 
 adherent. 803. 
 
 t<J)Xuap^a), cpXvdpi^crw, 064, talk bosh. 
 
 \^\vapia, aj, i), 729, nonsense, pi. 
 b'jsh. 
 <}>Xvapos, ov, 6, nonsense. 
 
 t<j?op€p6s, A, 6v, 45, fearful, terrible, 
 formidable. 
 
 t4>op€(tf, (po^T^aw, i(p6^y](Ta, frighten, 
 terrify, 335, of unreasoning fear ; 
 comni. pass, dep., be frightened, be 
 terrified, fear, dread, be afraid. 
 
 i)>6pios, ov, 6, 110 [hydro-phobia], 
 /ear, dread, terror, fright. 
 
 \^oivtKr]y 77s, 17, Phoenicia. 
 t<|>oiviKi(rT'<isi ov, 6, wearer of the pur- 
 ple, a title of rank at the Persian 
 court. 
 ^oivi§, Ikos, 6, a Phoenician. 
 (t>oivi|, Ikos, 6, 429, palm, date- 
 palm. See No. 45. 
 
 <{>pdt(i> (0pa5), (ppda-w, etc. 
 [phrase], say, tell. 
 t<t>povp-opxos,ou,6, 150[+opx«], 
 commander of a garrison. 
 
 <|>poup6$, ov, 6 [irpd + opdo)], 
 watcher, guard. 
 Opvy'S, as, 7], 188, Phrygia. 
 ^^v^iojiy dSos, 6, 341 [<})€W'yw], 
 fugitive, exile, refugee. 
 j.<j>vYi^, Tjs, 7], 4()2 [^tvya], flight, rout. 
 t(f>vXaKi^, r]s, 7), 50, a watching, watch, 
 picket duty, garrison. 
 
 t<|)iiXa|, a/cos, 6, 245, 743, a xoatcher, 
 guard, outpost; pi. body-guard. 
 
 <j)vXdTT« (^uXa/c), (pvXd^oj, i<f)}j\a^a, 
 7re0i^Xaxa, TrecpiXayfiaL, icpv'KdxdTjv, 222, 
 stonci guard, guard, watch, defend ; 
 mid., fee on one's guard, watch oat 
 against, Lat. caueo; ^uXaxas (pvMr- 
 T€iv, stand guard. 
 
 tX«iXeira(v« (xctXeTrai'), xaXeTrai'w, ^xo- 
 X^TTTjva, ixaXeTrdvdriv, 598, &e angry, be 
 severe, be offended or provoked. 800. 
 
 XaXeirds, i?, 6;/, 488, ^ard, grievous, 
 difficult, dangerous, severe, stern, 
 savage. 
 
 ^XaKtTTws, adv., 729, hardly, with 
 difficulty, painfully. 
 
 XoXivds, ov, 0, hridle, consisting of 
 bit, head-stall, and reins. The bit 
 
* of the pur- 
 the Persian 
 
 jenician. 
 palm, date- 
 
 odau, etc. 
 
 )0[+opx«], 
 
 tun. 
 
 )6 + opdco], 
 
 °hrygia. 
 1 [4>€w-yw], 
 
 flight, lout, 
 ling, watch, 
 
 a loatcher, 
 ird. 
 
 ix^^", 222, 
 
 h, defend ; 
 
 watch out 
 
 Kas (pvXdT- 
 
 Eiravui, ixo-- 
 3 angry, he 
 ed. 8G0. 
 :, grievous, 
 re, stern. 
 
 rdly, with 
 
 nsisting ot 
 The bit 
 
 XaXKovt ^g 
 
 was generally a snaffle, the two ends 
 of which were joined under the jaw by 
 a strap or chain, to which a leading 
 rein was sometimes attached. See 
 Nos. 38, 83. 
 
 txaXKofis, rj, ovv, 292, of bronze, 
 bronze. 
 
 XaXK6s, ov, 6, copper, bronze, bronze 
 armor. 
 
 XdXos, ov, 6, the Chains. 
 tX«p£«iS, ecrcra, e^, 264, 752, graceful, 
 pleasing. 
 
 xApis, tros, i), 265 [m-charist], 
 grace, favor, gratitude, thanks ; xdpip 
 ctWj'at, xdpiv ^x^iu, be or feel grateful; 
 xdpiv dirodiddpai, return thefavor. 
 
 XopudvSij, r)i, i}, Charmande. 
 
 X€in(6v, wvoi, 6 [Lat. hiems, winter], 
 bad weather, winter. 
 
 X«fp, xcv<5s, V, 416 [Lat. herctum, in- 
 heritance, Bng.chiro-graphy, s-uryeon], 
 hand, Lat. manus. 
 
 X€ip(<ro<|>os, ov, 6, Chirisophus. 
 
 X«(pi(rTos, see xe^/Jwi/. 
 
 X«fp»v, Of, gen. ovos, 577, worse, 
 inferior. 
 
 X€pp<$vT]<ros, ov, ij, 496, the Cherso- 
 nese. 
 
 X<Xioi, ot, a, 212, 1000. 
 
 XiXds, ov, 6, 537, fodder, forage. 
 
 Xir6v, wvoi, 6, 416, undergarment, 
 Lat. tunica, worn next the person by 
 both men and women. In its simplest 
 form it was a double piece of cloth, 
 oblong in shape, one half of which 
 covered the front of the body, the 
 other the back. The x^niu was fas- 
 tened on each shoulder by brooches, 
 and was confined over the hips by the 
 girdle, ^iipr,. See Nos. 51, 60, 69. 
 
 X^ptov 
 
 Xt«iv, 6po!, ij, 573 [c/. x"l*«Svl, 
 snow. 
 
 xXop.ws, ijdoi; 77, cloak, mantle, worn 
 esp. by horsemen, but also by the foot 
 soldier on the march and by travellers 
 in general. It was an oblong piece of 
 cloth thrown over the left shoulder, 
 the open ends of which were fastened 
 over the right shoulder by a brooch. 
 See Nos. 23, 62. 
 X<ipTos, ov, 6, fodder, grass. 
 XP&o\kai,xpT^(rofj.ai,etc., mid. dep.,308, 
 871, serve oneself by, make use of, use, 
 employ, treat, Lat. utor. 866, 
 
 XPi, XpV«, impers,, 561, it is need- 
 ful, one must or ought. 
 XPTJt« ixpvS), 416, ioant, need, desire. 
 XP*I|Aa, aros, t6, 264 [xpAofiai], a 
 thing that one uses; pi., things, property, 
 loealth, money. 
 XpTJvai, see x/otJ. 
 
 Xpi^<rinos, Tj, ov, and os, ov [xpdonai], 
 useful, serviceable. 
 
 XP<ivos, ov, 6, 548 [chrono-logy], time, 
 season, period, Lat. tempus. 
 
 txp5<rovs, ij, ovv, 292, 751, of gold, 
 golden, gold, gilded. 
 
 txpv<r£ov, ov, t6, 644, piece of gold, 
 gold coin, gold. 
 XPvords, ov, 6 [chry so-lite'], gold. 
 iXPv<ro-xdXivos, ov, 701 [+xaXiv<is], 
 with gold-mounted bridle. 
 tx»po, as, rt, 40, 739, place, assigned 
 place, position, post, station; land, 
 tract of land, territory, region, coun- 
 try. 
 
 tx«p^w, Xf^p¥<^, etc., give place, vnth- 
 draw, move, march; of measures, hold. 
 
 tx«p£ov, ov, t6, 78 [xQpos, place], 
 space, place, spot, stronghold. 
 
\{/^Xiov 
 
 50 
 
 W<{>^Xl|JkO$ 
 
 No. 89. 
 
 "if 
 
 ^(Kiov, ou, t6, 416, armlet, bracelet. 
 See No. 89. 
 
 x)/ev8o)iai, \peijaofjLai, 
 
 i^ei<idv}v,^21 [pseud- 
 onym], He, cheat, de- 
 ceive, actfalselij. 
 
 ^y\^Lloikai{\l/r](pi5), 
 ^r}(pioDfjLai, etc., mid. 
 (lep., 34!> [\f/i](f)os, pebble'], reckon with 
 pebbles, vote, reaolve, deter mine. 
 
 \|;iX6s, ^, 6v, bare, unprotected; ol 
 rplXol, light-armed troops. 
 
 a 
 
 &, exclamation, 83, 0, with voc. 
 
 iSSc, adv., 150 [oSt], thus, as follows, 
 in the following manner. 
 
 wvios, a, ov, 010, purchasable; wi>ia, 
 rd, xoares, goods. 
 
 •Jipo, ds, Tj, 439 [yeau, hour, horo- 
 scope], time, period, season, hour, Lat. 
 hora, the proper time, opportunity. 
 
 «s, orig. a relative adv. of maimer 
 [os], but developed into a variety of 
 
 uses. As rel. adv., as, Lat. ut, with 
 verbs, before prepositions, and with 
 participles, as if, just as, thinking 
 that, on the ground that, with the 
 avoivcd intention, as though; with 
 numerals, about ; of degree, how, esp. 
 with superlatives, Lat. quam, as cJj 
 ndXiara, as much as possible. As 
 prep., with ace, to, on\y of persons. 
 As conj., of time, as, when, after, us 
 rdxia-ra, as soon as; introducing 
 iiidiriict discourse, that; of cause, as, 
 since, because, for, Lut.ut; final, tfiat, 
 in order that, Lat. ut ; of intended 
 result, like ware, so as, so that. 
 
 ws, thus, so. 
 
 wcr-Tr€p, relative adv., 400 [ws + Trt'pj, 
 like as, just as, even as, as it were. 
 
 w<r-T«, relative adv., 124 [ws + W], 
 so as, so that, wherefore. 
 
 wT^s, Ldos, 7}, bustard. 
 
 w<J>«\€w, co(pe\rj(TU}, etc., 318 [50eXos, 
 advantage, use], help, succor, assist, 
 benefit, be of service to, give assistance 
 to, of voluntary service. 
 |aK})€\i(ios, ov, useful, serviceable. 
 
 No, 90. 
 
t. ut, with 
 
 and with 
 , thinking 
 
 with the 
 Kjh; witli 
 , how, esp. 
 iw, as cJj 
 sihle. As 
 f persons. 
 
 aj'ltr, w's 
 itroducing 
 cause, as, 
 inal, that, 
 
 intended 
 xt. 
 
 ws + trip] , 
 were. 
 [ws + ri], 
 
 8 [60cXos, 
 ir, assist, 
 assistance 
 
 mble. 
 
 II. English-Greek Vocabulary. 
 
 Consult tJ.c Greek-English VoraLulury f,.r fuller meanings of the Greek words 
 here ,nve„, ospe..ially in eases where a ehoh-e <,f words is olTor.tl. Tlet/r etE^h 
 
 ■ /.ri M '"T ^-Vr'T""^ '"'''' '"' '' ^''"" *''« etynu.l,>,ical n.eanings c f L wo 
 . ul nxcates the In.es on whieh these n.eanings have heen deveh.ped! If in dou 
 choose the w.ml that is fan.iliar. The ahn has heen lo intro.luee no word ntoTe 
 En,di8h-Greek exercises that has not previously heen given. Frequently he eoe 
 wdl ho deterndned hy the appropriateness of the word to the lesson I w ieh i oceu s 
 
 Abandon 
 
 Abandon, Trpo-iffxai (e), Trpo- 
 
 •fja-oixai, etc. 
 Able, Uavbi, rj, 6v ; he — , 
 UavSi ei/j.1, 5vvaiJ,ai{5vva), 
 dvv^<rofiai, etc. 
 About, d/jL<pl, wepl. 
 Above, vvdp. 
 Admire, eavfidiu (eavfiad), 
 
 Oav/j.d(TOfxai, etc. 
 Advance, rropeijofiai, wopeii- 
 
 (TOfiai, etc. 
 Advise, a-v/x-^ovXeiju}, (tv/j.- 
 
 ^ovXeijau, etc. 
 Afraid, be — , <f>ofi€Ofj.ai, 
 
 <t>o^'fl(Toixai, etc. 
 After, ixerd. 
 Afterwards, varepov. 
 Again, TrdXtv. 
 Against, iirl, npSs. 
 Agreement, inake an — , 
 (TVp-rlOefxai (Oe), avv- 
 O'^fTouai, etc. 
 All, TTttj, Tracra, -wav. 
 
 Allow, iTTi-Tp^Tru), iiri-rpi- 
 
 ^oj, etc. 
 Ally, (T^fifxaxoi, ov, 6. 
 Already, '')5r). 
 Also, Kai. 
 Always, dd. 
 Among, ii>. 
 And, Kal. 
 Announce, 077^X0; {dy- 
 
 7cX;, dyyeXQ, etc. 
 Another, dXXos, rj, 0; one 
 
 — , dXX-^Xup. 
 Answer, make — , diro- 
 
 Kptvofxai {kplv), dvo- 
 
 Kpivovfmi, etc. 
 Any, Tis, tI, gen. tiv6s; 
 
 anybody or — one, ris ; 
 
 anything, tI. 
 Appear, (paiuofxai (0ay), 
 
 (/>avi^oo/j.aL, etc. 
 Approach, TrX-rja-id^u (ttXt;- 
 
 (Ttao), nXijaidarw, etc. 
 
 Attempt 
 
 Aristippus, 'Aplamnros, 
 ov, 6. 
 
 Arm, oirXl^o} {owXiS), 
 
 WTrXicra, etc. 
 Arms, 6'7rXa, lov, rd. 
 Army, arpaTiA, ds, 7;, arpd- 
 
 Tevfia, aros, t6. 
 
 Artaxerxes, ' ApTa^^p^r}s, 
 ov, 6. 
 
 As, (Jj; —follows, TdSe; 
 
 to, OXTTe. 
 
 Ask, epurdoj, ipwr-fjaw, etc., 
 inquire ; ahiu, air-^aw, 
 etc., ask for. 
 
 Ass, 6vos, ov, 6. 
 
 Assured, be ~, = know 
 ivell. 
 
 At, iwl. 
 
 Attack, ini-Tieefiai (Oe), 
 i-n-L-e-qaofxai, etc. ; make 
 O-n — , fTr-€tp.L (ei/ic). 
 
 Attempt, veipdo/xai, irei- 
 pda-o/mi, etc. 
 
Barbarian 
 
 
 Dead 
 
 BflrbArian, /<d^i,ia/)ot, oi-, 
 
 Battle, /uix»;, tjv, ,J. 
 
 Bo, fi/iil {/a), foo/jiai; — 
 
 I//XOJ, fir-rim. 
 Beast, ('»;/)/()!', 01', t6; — 
 of hithlni, I'-n-ojY'-^joi', or, 
 
 Beat, JTo/w, irafcrw, r/('. 
 Beautiful, vaXAv, if, 6^. 
 Before, r^xi, r^)/i'. 
 Behalf, in —- o,f\ bwifi. 
 Benefit, fi5 ?ro(/a>, rotT)<Tw, 
 
 r/r. 
 Besiege, jtoXjoihaVw, iroXi- 
 
 Bid, \fXfi'a>, KfXeiVw, o/f. 
 Bind, (Vu», (5>)(Tw, rYc. 
 Bird, /!/)i'jy, ISpvWo'i, d, ?;. 
 Black, ^Adj, ixi\aiva, 
 
 Board, oh — , iwl. 
 Boat, TrXowi', 01', t6. 
 Both, OH — .s/(Ms, Aix<Pot4- 
 
 pu>6fv; — . . . (inif, ^•ai 
 
 . . . Kal. 
 Bow, t6^ov, 01', t6. 
 Bowman, ro^ir?;?, 01', d. 
 Boy, TTorj, 7rai56s, d. 
 Brave, d^a^Mj, t^, 6^, d»^ 
 
 5/otroj, d, oj'. 
 Break, Xi^w, Xt^trw, r/c. 
 Breastplate, 0cj/)at, dvoj, d. 
 Bridge, y^<pvpa, ay, »;. 
 Bring, d^w, d^w, fte. 
 Bronze, yfIX^:ol'?s ?>» ou!'. 
 Brother, dde\<p6s, oO, 6. 
 
 Burden, InuiHt ((/" — , ,',ro- 
 .(ihi"'', 01', t6. 
 
 But, fJXXtil, A.*. 
 
 By. T,i/»a, i>ir6, wIMi m<n. 
 of Mu< iijjrnl ; mfir/i.s 
 ((/, dird; land ami 
 .V(J, ^a^d -^ijv ^al Aurd 
 ^dXarrai'. 
 
 Call, AaX/w (^aX, ^oXf), 
 
 ^o>)<ro/itai, (7c. ,• /(>- 
 
 f/»7//rr, <ri'->-AaX/«. 
 Canal, »5(uy/)i'»;, I'xot, »^. 
 Captain, Xoxd^iv, ov, 6. 
 Care, take ^ , im-ij.f\^o/j.ai, 
 
 ^7r(-/i(fXr)(ro^(n., </f. 
 Carry, - ou jcu-, jroXe/u^w, 
 
 TroXf;ii>J(ru>, r/r. 
 Cattle, /^ouj, /ioiW, d, 7;. 
 Cause, 7ra;)-«<xW( vap-^^w 
 
 and n-a/)a-<r\ r)(rw, r/r. 
 Cavalry, in-Treis, /wi/, ol ; 
 
 — »»aH, /T»rfi5j, /ujy, d. 
 Cease, n-ai'o/ita*, Trawo/itai, 
 
 etc. 
 Chariot, Hpua, aro^, rb. 
 Cilician, K/X.^, tm, d. 
 City, TriXtj, ews, ?;. 
 Clearchus, KX(?apxoi, 01/, d. 
 Collar, aTpfiTTdi, oO, d 
 Collect, dflpolj^w, dOpolaw, 
 etc.; (rv\-\^yu,(n<\-\^^w, 
 etc.; — supplies, ini- 
 (riTl^o/xai {(TiTiS), ^wi- 
 aiTiovfLai, etc. 
 Come, Hpxonai, ^\ftov, etc.; 
 ingcfher, avX-X^yofjLai, 
 cri>X-X677j(ro/tiat, etc. 
 
 Command, ^»^f^»w, i^fXriVriu, 
 
 Comnwnuior, d/ivwi*, oitov, 
 ; ^/wiyia/ij^oy, oi', d (n| 
 !i ginriMdii). 
 
 Company, in irifff, «.,'„, 
 
 Conduct, d-)(u, ifi„., (7c. 
 
 Confess, (\;toXo>( .1, (V"'Xo 
 7>)(ru», vti'. 
 
 Conquer, i-udw, l'l^ )),ni>, cfr. 
 
 CoMSldor, iTK^VTOHat {(TKfV), 
 
 Ch^iofini, etc.; (iiH'Xti'm- 
 ^tti, flovXfVirofiai, etc. 
 Consult, »(•///;, ,Tvn-ftov 
 Xri;oyiiat, (n'/U-/!iot»Xei/(ro/iat, 
 (/(•. 
 
 Corrupt, !(ia-<ftOflfKo {H'p), 
 
 (5(a-</)<V/)u), (7c. 
 Corselet, ^^u>/)nt, d^o^, d. 
 Country, X'^/»«» ds, ^. 
 Court, at - , 7ra/.d /k<rjXrf, 
 
 ^rrl rail fiaaiX/io^ Ovpais. 
 Cowardly, Kah6%, 7), 6v. 
 Cross, (^ta-Z^ofrw (/^a), (^lo^ 
 
 fii^aoiiai, etc. 
 Cry out, UH(! ffiroj/. 
 Cut, — to pieces, Kara- 
 
 kSwtw (atott), KaTa-K6\l/io, 
 
 etc 
 Cyrus, KOpo^f ou, d. 
 
 Danger, k^/k^Ccoj, ou, A. 
 Day, ijn^pd, di, 17; on tfic 
 
 /lllloiOilKJ , T^ WTf- 
 
 poiV; (/((// \s inarcfi, 
 (TTaO/x6s, oO, 6. 
 Dead, 6e ~, lidvr^Ka Ov^- 
 ffKu). 
 
Denth 
 
 Doftth, /»»///.. ,.Uo^rnr,.. 
 
 (Mfi'), lino ^rri'io, ctr, 
 Pocoivo, ^i (in a flic, /( 
 
 ^♦iVo/uai, (if. 
 
 il^Tt'lilOfial, vli\ 
 
 Dclibcintc, /(,M.\,i;„,„t(, /<,„> 
 
 DetiKind, dn air/w, rfff- 
 o(r»J(r(i>, r^f. 
 
 Destroy, Mho, ,\,.,;w, ,/,•., 
 
 DlscloHO, ^iri-lirlhpvfu (Huh), 
 •"n-t-iVfiw, f/c. 
 
 DlHh()nol,(lTi/x«i,<■a;((iT.Ma(^), 
 flTi/ittcrw, f'/f. 
 
 Dismiss, dTro-Tr/MTro/xrt,, 
 
 diro-7r/M^fi/iat, r ■. 
 Disporso, onilftM (frjrr/i), 
 
 crntpd^ ell', 
 Dlstnnt, /)f: — , ,l;r-/\r,;, 
 
 fin Y^w Ulid dTTo-irx '/«rw, 
 
 r/r. 
 
 Do, 7r()(/w, nonf/rru), tic.; 
 hiirni, KahQi noUio; 
 - ii'i'll Ihj, ,rn,/w. 
 I^raw, vp^rarrw (, ), 
 
 T((i;ci>, r/r. 
 Dreadful, <Vti^/)v, tJ, (i»/. 
 Dwell, ouVw, oiHr'in.,^ rfr. 
 
 Kdiicflto, flii,AM'/u., ffrtuW 
 
 iKU, r/c. 
 Kmpoiiiiii,, f'/tn/vHiii/, „,., T.V 
 Kii(;iin|i,.d, /;r , M^'v/'a' 
 
 ('/''), iiii|il. t\„(h'if,tff. 
 Knclicio, hi't>\,',io, m'aA,..,,,,,, 
 
 Hr. 
 
 KiMMiiy, n„,\,>,„v, ,„,^ ;. 
 
 '/"' , III n»\///((»(. 
 Kmk»Ko, /// „.,„■, ^„x, 
 
 /<''(!>, noStfu'ifUu, rfi\ 
 
 (\<t\fffa)'), ;taAfJra»'u), 
 
 r/r. 
 
 Kntiro, mis, ntiira, itiiv. 
 Kiiiimorntloii, ()/»wV/.>,, „(,, „ 
 
 EsC.'lpO, (ITTO ,/)f|r,„j (,/,(,-),), 
 
 (ino-i/,fi'ii;onai mill d)ro- 
 »/'fi'iorl/t(t(, c/c. 
 
 KiiplMrttoH, l';iVv»dr7/,,oi.,,',. 
 EvoiylhiiiK, TdfAu. 
 Kvil, *a/,/)i', 01/, r/<. 
 Exhort, vufia-H t \i t'lo/uit, 
 
 ^afia-KcXtoffofxat, fir. 
 Ex do, i/.i(7dv, dfVjv, d. 
 Expedition, („)<',:, , ,; 
 
 fii/ir pari. in. m 
 
 (TTpaTtl'Kt/mi, fTT/),: ,,>,ri)- 
 
 fmi, r/r. 
 Express, ('nro-StlHvvnai 
 
 ('Vt^), <iiro-i^n. <im,, dr. 
 
 I'H'iliipntly 
 
 Hiiijijiii iVjii' iir tfiinr ; 
 fV.liiiM,, 1,1 ri'iiHiiii(ili||. 
 It'll! ; iuHftn „<lf/i 
 «/'<V'"i' niif, ,\,„. „„,, /i,,, 
 lllld naim ir^tjn^^^ rf,<^ 
 I'V/lifiil, ./.„//,,,/„, rf_ /,„_ 
 I-'eoi, ifi'ifrliil, ^d,nt> 
 
 E 
 Each, UKaaroi, rf, op. 
 Easily, h<f.^Lws. 
 Easy, /i^i'<5(oy, a, ov. 
 
 Fair, /caA/n-, vf, Z,*/. 
 F''iithf(il, inar6<!, ,;, /,,/. 
 Fall, on, //,.-TrtTrrw, i^.- 
 
 TTftTovnai, (dr. 
 Father, Trar^/,/, fl-axpiiv, «'. 
 Fear, 06/^0,, „. „• . ^/^j,/'^/,,. 
 
 Mat, (fto^-iiiav, a, ft/,r., of 
 
 Fl'llow, flrO/nonnt, r.i', o. 
 
 I'oilow HoldlorH, rti'fVfi 
 
 "'/<«. '((ti/iu, Willi or 
 
 llllOlll, (,^. 
 
 Fow, i)Myin, ai, u. 
 Fir Id, /,,/,7. ///,. ^ „^^,„. 
 TfiiiifKii, ,r r fin I n'liiiinai, 
 '■'''■; ta/fC f/ir mith, 
 (tii-trrfiii tn'io/uu. 
 Fiftocii, nfi'rrKfMiHn. 
 Fijjht, nAxv, »;v, 7/ ; ,,Ax_i>' 
 
 /*'«'. /laxoii/iui, rfr. 
 Fire, TTiy), TTtz/i/n, t/>. 
 Fish, /;^«(^v, ,5„v, ,j. 
 Five, Tr/j/Tf. 
 
 l'""loe, f/<r('/7^, (,i,„y) ■hti'iu- 
 iMi and </,rvl:„iifM,, c.tr. 
 
 I'OCS, TToX/fJAIII, (,J|/, oi. 
 
 Follow, ^7rrv,.„<, /'^o/,„,,, 
 
 '•^'•.,- <iH J),lh,ii>n, w,v, or 
 H"iiic cas*' ol H^e; on 
 Ihr. ./hlj.oininff tin, rf/ 
 ixrrtpalti.. 
 
 For, yt'i,, ; r(s 
 
 Force, !)i''m/Ms, €u>5, 17, ffr/>d- 
 
 liat (fiiad), liidnoum, , >,-. 
 Fort, xw/i/oc, 01/, T(i. 
 Foi.y, T rraf)6.KuvTa. 
 Four, r/TTapf!, a. 
 Frequently, TroXAd/ttt. 
 
Friend 
 
 r,i 
 
 Journey 
 
 Friend, tfAXoi, or, 6, ^<'i/os, 
 
 Of, 0*. 
 
 Friendly, (f)l\ios, d, o^. 
 Friendship, ipiMa, ds, i;. 
 Frightened, ^r' — , (poji^o- 
 
 /lai, (po(irj<TOfj.ai, etc. 
 From, ^^, d7r(5. 
 Full, TrXjj'pijj, es. 
 
 Garrison, (pv'KaKtj, ^s, »;'. 
 
 Gate, TTvXf], rjs, ■>]. 
 
 General, crrpaTriydi, oO, d. 
 
 Get, vopl^ofjLai (wopio), tto- 
 piovfiai, etc.; — together, 
 (Tvv-dyu, avv-d^u, etc. 
 
 Gift, Supovy ov, t6. 
 
 Give, dldwfxi. (5o), Suxrw, 
 e<c. 
 
 Gladly, ijddus. 
 
 Go, ef/xi (t), iiiipf. ya or 
 ^ctj/, fpxofiai, aor. iJX^oz'; 
 — away^ dw-aWdTTo- 
 fiai (d\Xa7), d7r-o\Xd^o- 
 
 God, deds, ov, 6, i]. 
 
 Gold, or of — , xpvffovs, ij, 
 
 OVlf, 
 
 Good, d7a^6s, ?}, 6v. 
 Grateful, be or /ee^ — , 
 Xdpiv exw (crcx), ^^w and 
 
 Great, fj.iyas, fxeydXr], fiiya, 
 of size ; ttoXi;?, ttoXX^, 
 TToXiJ, of amount or 
 number. 
 
 Greek, "EXX?;!/, rjvoi, 6; 
 
 Grieve, XiiTr^ai, Xvirrjaio, etc. 
 
 Ground, — arms, rlOt^ai 
 
 rd 6ir\a. 
 Guard, <pv\aK^, jjs, 17, 
 
 (pu\a^, uKos, 6. 
 Guest, f^TOj, 01/, 6. 
 Guide, ijyeixwv, 6vos, 6. 
 
 H 
 
 Halt, iffTrj/ill ((TTO), (TttJo-w, 
 
 etc. 
 Hand, -over, vapa-SlSuini 
 
 {So), Trapa-5w(T(ji}, etc. 
 Hard, l)C — pressed, irU^o- 
 
 fiai (iried), iritadritTOfxai, 
 
 etc. 
 Hardship, iindergo — , 
 
 rroj'^a', TrovT^au, etc. 
 Harm, do — , KanQs ttoUw, 
 
 iroi-qao}, etc. ; suffer — , 
 
 KaKWs Trdff-xw (tto^^), irel- 
 
 (Toixai, etc. 
 Hasten, <r7rei55w, aire^tToj, 
 
 etc. 
 Have, exw ((rex), ^^^ aiid 
 
 o-xVw, e^c, €ip.i (iff), 
 
 eaofiaL with dat. 
 He, generally omitted, 
 
 sometimes oCros, iKeTvos. 
 Headquarters, Ovpai, dv, at. 
 Hear, aKovu), dKoOaofxai, etc. 
 Heavy-armed, — men, ottX?- 
 
 Tai, wv, ol. 
 Height, &Kpop, ov, t6. 
 Helmet, Kpdpoi, ovs, t6. 
 Help, cJ0fX^w, uxpeK-fjao], 
 
 etc.; with the — of, aiv. 
 Her, oblique cases of avr-f). 
 Herald, Krjpv^, vko9, 6. 
 Here, ivravda, deOpo. 
 
 Hereupon, ivravda. 
 
 Hill, ytj\oit>os, ov, 6. 
 
 Him, ()bli(|ue cases of 
 
 our6v; ov, rcllex. 
 Hindrance, tA kuXOou, 
 His, often by the article ; 
 somctimeHouToOi^Ke/j'ou. 
 Honor, rifxtj, ^j, ij ; Tifxdu}, 
 Tlfiijaw, etc.; ill — , iv 
 Tifx^ or rf/xtoj, d, 01^. 
 Hope, iXnls, ISos, 17. 
 Hoplite, 6ir\tTr]s, ov, 6. 
 Horse, IVttoj, ov, 6 ; on 
 
 horseback, dnb iwirov. 
 Horseman, iTTTrei^s, ^ws, 6. 
 Hostile, TToX^/xtos, d, ov. 
 House, oikIol, dj, 17, 
 How, — mantj, ndaoc, at, a. 
 Hunt, 0T}pn'iu}, 6T)peij(ru, etc. 
 
 I, iy(t), ifjLoO and /jloO, etc. 
 If, el, idv, ijv. 
 Immediately, ddis. 
 Impassable, diropos, ov. 
 In, iv ; — order that, im. 
 Inflict, iTri-Tid-n/xi (de), ivi- 
 
 OrjcTU}, etc. 
 Inspire, wap-4xu {(rex), 
 
 trap-^^u) and wapa-crxv- 
 
 (TU), etc. 
 Intend, ^j' rtjj e'xw (o-ex). 
 
 f^w and (TX7?'(rw, e^c. 
 Interpreter, epfjLtjveh, ^wj, 6. 
 Into, ets ; — the presence 
 
 of, TTpdi. 
 
 Journey, iropeid, dj, 17, 
 656y, oO, ^. 
 
Judge 
 
 Judge, Kphw (Kpiv), Kpivu, 
 etc. 
 
 Just, SUaios, d, ov. 
 Justly, diKalus. 
 
 King, (iaffiXe^s, ^wj, 6; be 
 — , jiaaiXtvw, (iajiXiijffu), 
 
 etc. 
 
 Know, o/5o, ttaofxai. 
 
 Lacedaemonian, AaxeSai- 
 
 fxbvioi, d, ov. 
 Land, 7^, 7^5, ^, ;^ii^a, 
 
 OS, 17. 
 Large, ^^70$, fieydXt), fi^ya. 
 Lead, dyw, d^w, ef c. , 177^0- 
 
 fxat, rjyijffofiai, etc. 
 Leader, Tj-yenwi/, 6voj, 6. 
 Leave, Xdwu (Xitt), Xeii/'w, 
 
 e<c. ; — behind, kutu- 
 
 Xe/TTW. 
 Left, evwvvfxos, ov; on the 
 
 ~ (wing), ivl Ti^ ei5w- 
 
 Letter, iTriaToXrj, ^s, 77. 
 Light-armed, — soldier, 
 
 yVfjLVTJi, rJTOS, 6. 
 
 Long, fiaKpSs, d, 6v. 
 Loose, \6u, \6(Tw, etc. 
 Loss, 6c at a — , Airopiu, 
 
 Avop'/jau), etc. 
 Love, 0iX^w, (piXTJaw, etc. 
 Loyal, evvovi, ovv. 
 
 M 
 
 Make, iroi^w, iroitjario, etc.; 
 — answer, dvo-Kptvofxai 
 
 55 
 
 (jfpjj'), dTo-»fpti/oCMO( ; — 
 an agreement, aw-rlde- 
 f^a(- ((ff), (TW-dyjaofiai, 
 etc.; — an attack, Kr- 
 tifii (i), iinpf. ^TT-va or 
 iir-T^eiv; — rise, dj/- 
 /o-TTj^t (o-To), di^a-o-TT/Vw, 
 C^c; — M«e 0/, ;(^doMat, 
 XPWO/Mai, etc. 
 Man, dy7;>, dj/3/)6y, 6, Lat. 
 Mtry di-^/jwiros, 01/, 6, 
 Lat. /ir>mo ; mm, .some- 
 times o-TpaTiCiTai ; o/t/ 
 — , y^puv, ovTos, 6; 
 young — , vtdvLd':, ov, 6. 
 Many, .see Much. 
 March, c?a?/'s — , aTadfxSi, 
 ov, 6; — away, dn- 
 eXaiJvu (iXa), dTr-eXw, 
 eic; — on, vopeijofxai, 
 TTopeiffo^jLai, etc. 
 Market-place, dyopd, 5j, rj. 
 Means, by — 0/, ci7r6. 
 Menon, M^vuv, wvos, 6. 
 Mercenary, fxia6o(p6poi, ov. 
 Messenger, d77eXoy, ov, 6. 
 Miletus, MtX7)Tos, ov, 17. 
 Mina, fxvci, fivds, ij. 
 Molest, Xvir^u, XOjttjVw, 
 
 etc. 
 Money, dpyipiov, ov, t6, 
 
 XPTJp-ara, druv, rd. 
 Month, /jLTJv, p.r]v6s, 6. 
 More, fiaXXov. 
 Mountain, 6po$, ovs, t6. 
 Much, iroXtJS, TToXXij, TroX6 ; 
 
 TToXtJ. 
 
 Must, dei, dvdyKTj 4<ttI; 
 often the verbal in 
 T^oy. 
 
 Ought 
 
 N 
 
 Name, 8vofj.a, oroy, t6. 
 Narrow, (xrevdi, 17', 61/. 
 Need, there is — , 8ef. 
 Neglect, dneX^w, dfxtX^au, 
 etc. 
 
 Never, oCTrore. 
 Night, 1^.;^, vvkt6s, ii. 
 Nobody, ovdtU, ev6s. 
 Noble, dyaOdi, 7), 6v. 
 Noise, edpvfios, ov, 6. 
 None, ovd^vfs, ivwv. 
 Not, oy, fiii. 
 Now, viJv. 
 
 Oath, 6/)/coy, ov, 6, 
 
 Obey, TrelOofxai. (vie), nelao- 
 
 fiai, etc. 
 Often, TToXXd/ciy. 
 Old,— waw,7(^/9wv, oj/Toy,©. 
 On, ^tt/ ; — horseback, dnb 
 
 iirwov ; — board, iwi. 
 Once, a< — , cvdii. 
 One, T2y, rl, gen. rt^/dy; 
 
 — another, dXX-f)Xwv. 
 Open, dj'-o/7a>, dj/-o/^w, e^c; 
 
 (pavepds, d, 6v. 
 Opinion, yvw/xri, r;s, 1^. 
 Or, i 
 Order, fceXeiJw, KeXe^tru, etc.; 
 
 — arms, TWe^oi to 
 SttXo ; m — that, 'iva. 
 
 Orders, give — , irap-ay- 
 7AXw (d77eX), tto/o- 
 o77cXtD. 
 
 Orontas,'0/)6j'Tdy, dorof, 6. 
 
 Other, dXXoy, 17, 0. 
 
 Ought, 5ef. 
 
Our 
 
 56 
 
 Say 
 
 
 0»4r, often by the article. 
 Out, — of the way, iKiro- 
 
 Palace, (iaaiXeia, ojv, rd. 
 Parasang, wapaadyyrjs, 
 
 ov, 6, 
 Park, 7ra/3d5et«ros, ou, 6. 
 Pay, fxia-Ods, oO, 6. 
 Peltast, TreXraiTTifis, ou, 6. 
 Perish, dTr-dWvfiai, dtr- 
 
 oKovfiai. 
 Persian, lUpa-qs, ov, 6. 
 Persuade, ^616*0; (7rt0), Trei- 
 
 (Tw, etc. 
 Phrygia, ^pvyid, m, rj. 
 Place, x^P^ov, ov, t6; 
 from that — , ivreCdev ; 
 in this — , ivravda. 
 Plain, TreSt'o^, ov, rb; dijXoi, 
 V, ov; in — sight, Kara- 
 (poLvris, ^s. 
 Plan, ftovXeiio, /3ouXei}(rw, 
 
 etc. 
 Plot, imlBovXTj, i]<!, i};~ 
 against, iirL-povXe^u, iin- 
 jSouXei/o-oj, etc.; — evil, 
 KaKbv /3ovX«/w, ^ovXeiJcrcj, 
 etc. 
 Plunder, dpird^w (dpTrad), 
 dpwdffw, etc., di-aprd^u. 
 Point, ~ out, iTn-SelKvvfit 
 
 (deiK), eTTL-del^oj, etc. 
 Post, rdTTOj (ray), rd^u, 
 
 etc. 
 Precious, tI/jllos, a, oj>. 
 Prefer, alpioixai, aipT^a-ofxai, 
 
 etc. 
 Prepare, — oneself, wapa- 
 
 ffKevd^Ofiat, irapa-cTKevd- 
 
 croixai, etc. 
 Presence, into the — of, 
 
 irpbs. 
 Present, he — , irdp-tipn 
 
 {^(t), Trap-^(ToiJ.ai. 
 Press, — hard, irU^w 
 
 (TTteS), irUau, etc. 
 Proceed, wopevo/jLai, iropelj- 
 
 (TOfxai, etc.; — with, 
 
 ffVjX-TTOpi'UOpi.ai. 
 
 Promise, vir-ia-xv^o/xai, inro- 
 
 crxva-ofiai, etc. 
 Prosperous, evSaifxuv, ov. 
 Province, dpx-q, rjh V- 
 Provisions, iTriTrjSeia, uv, 
 
 rd. 
 Punish, KoXdfw (/coXaS), 
 
 KoXdifw, etc. 
 Punishment, inflict — , 
 
 SiKiqv iiri-Tidr^fxi (de), iwi- 
 
 Ottu), etc. 
 Purchase, d7o/)ifw (0170- 
 
 pa8), ay opdau}, etc. 
 Pursue, diwKw, Siw^u, etc. 
 Put, — to death, dwo- 
 
 KTelvu {kt€v), diro-KTevQi, 
 
 etc.; — out of the way, 
 
 iKiroSwv TToi^o/xai, irOLij- 
 
 a-o/xai, etc.; — on, iv-Siw, 
 
 ivdddu, etc. 
 
 Rank, rdlts, cwj, 17. 
 Ravage, 5i-a/37rdfa> {dpirad), 
 
 5i-ap7rd(rw, etc. 
 Ready, iToiixos, t], ov, or 
 
 OS, ov. 
 Regard, voixl^w (vofuS), 
 
 vofnw, etc. 
 
 Remain, /x^vu {fj.€v), fievCj, 
 
 etc. 
 Rescue, (ry'fw, crclxxu}, etc. 
 Resolve, oor.ei with dat. 
 Rest, vavo/xai, ira^aofiai, 
 
 etc.; the — , oi dXXoi. 
 Return, tjku, ^^w, etc. 
 Review, e^e'rao-ts, ewj, ij. 
 Right, a^tos, d, ov, inijrally; 
 
 5e^t6s, d, 6v, of direction ; 
 
 on the — (wing), inl rqi 
 
 Rise, or — wp, dv-iffrafxai 
 
 {(TTa), dva-crrT]crop.ai, etc.; 
 
 make — , dv-la-Trjfxi {a-ra), 
 
 dva-a-Ti}(Tu, etc. 
 River, woraads, oO. 6. 
 Road, 6S6s, ov, ij. 
 Round, d/u0t. 
 Rout, et'y (pvyrjv Tpiww, 
 
 Tp4\pw, etc. 
 Rush, UfiOLL (e), rjaoixai, etc. 
 
 Sabre, fidxaipa, aj, ij. 
 Sack, bL-apird^w {dprrad}, 
 
 di-apirda-w, etc. 
 Sacrifice, Odu, e6<Tw, etc.; 
 
 offer — , dtofiai, eocro/Jiai, 
 
 etc. 
 Safe, dcr^aXT^j, ^y. 
 Safely; dor^aXwj. 
 Same, 6 avrds, i] avryj, rb 
 
 avrd; at the — time, 
 
 &p.a. 
 Sardis, 2d/)5eis, ewv, ai. 
 Satrap, aarpdirri'^, ov, 0. 
 Say, X^7w, X/^w, etc., 
 
 <pr}fxi, fpt](TU>, etc. 
 
fJ.€v), /Ji€VW, 
 
 rwo-oj, etc. 
 ^ith dat. 
 
 n &\\oi. 
 w, etc. 
 s, ews, 17. 
 ', iiKjrally; 
 direction; 
 g), iiri rcf) 
 
 dv-L<TTafMai 
 troitiai^etc.; 
 rrjfii (o-ra), 
 
 W- 
 
 , 6. 
 
 (TOfiai, etc. 
 
 IS, 77. 
 (a;07ra5), 
 
 5(70;, etc.; 
 , dVcro/Jiai, 
 
 — time., 
 
 ov, at. 
 , ou, 6. 
 
 Scatter 
 
 Scatter, dia-cnreipu {(Twep), 
 
 dia-a-wepQ, etc. 
 Sea, edXarra, 77s, 17. 
 See, opdw, 6\pofiai, etc., 
 <rK^irTo/x.ai (cr/ctTr), (tk^i/zo- 
 Ma£, ete. 
 Seem, or — best, doK^w, 
 
 Sd^w, etc. 
 Self, avrds, ij, 6. 
 Send, ttJ^ttw, tt^^^^'w, ei!c., 
 (J-T<f\\w (areX), (rreXw, 
 etc.; —for,fieTa7r^fj.Tro- 
 MO'; — away, dwo- 
 TrifiTTu; ~ with, avp.-. 
 
 Service, be of ~, cJ^eXjfw, 
 
 u^eXija-w, etc. 
 Set, —forth or o?<^, 6p/id 0- 
 
 Mttt, op/xTJaofiaL, etc. 
 Seven, cTrrd ; — hundred, 
 
 ewTaKdcrioc, at, a. 
 Severity, with—, iaxvpus. 
 She, generally omitted, 
 sometimes avTrj, iKdpTj. 
 Ship, muy, i^edii, 57. 
 Shoot, ro^e/w, To^€ij(ru}, etc. 
 Short-sword, dKlvdKrji, ov, 6. 
 Shout, .<pavyTJ, ^y, ^. 
 
 ^odw, po-^aonaL, etc. 
 Show, (;6a/;/aj (0aj'), (ftavCa, 
 
 etc. 
 Sides, on 6o2;/i _, ifj^fpoH. 
 
 pudev. 
 Sight, in plain —, ^ara- 
 
 Silver, dpyipiov^ ov, rh. 
 Sit, Kde-rj/xai (ija-), impf. 
 
 fKafflJ/XTjV. 
 
 Situated, 6e -, ot/c^/xat, 
 
 QLKTjaOfX,Oil, etc. 
 
 57 
 
 Six,— thousand, i^aKiaxt 
 
 Xioi, at, a. 
 Sling, a<pev56v7), tjs, if. 
 Slinger, arepei'SoviJTrjs, ov, 6. 
 Slowly, axoXrj, <rxoXaius. 
 Small, /it/cp6j, d, 6v. 
 So, oi/rwj. 
 
 Socrates, 'ZwKpdTr]s, ov%, 6. 
 
 Soldier, arpaTidTrjs, ov, 6 ; 
 
 light-armed —, yv/xi>7Js, 
 
 rJTOi, o\ heavy -armed—, 
 
 OTrXtrrjs, ov, 6. 
 
 Somebody, ris, rtvis. 
 
 Son, Trats, 7rat56s, 6. 
 
 Source, 7r77777', 77s, ij. 
 
 Speak, A^7w, A^^w, e«c. 
 
 Spear, X6yxv, vs, ij. 
 
 Split, (T^/fw (o-xi5), o-x/o-w, 
 
 Stade, (TTddiop, ov, t6. 
 Stage, (TTadpibs, ov, 6. 
 Stand, laraiioLL (a-ra), aryj- 
 (TOjuac, etc. 
 
 Start, 6piJ.dop.ai, 6pp.-q(jop.ai, 
 etc. 
 
 Steal, /cX^TTTw (AcXeTr), kX4- 
 
 ^io, etc. 
 Stealth, 6y _, use \ap. 
 
 ddvoj. 
 
 Still, 'dTL. 
 
 stop, waijopai, Tra\j<ro/Li.ai, 
 etc. 
 
 Straightway, eie^s. 
 
 Stronghold, x'^pioi', ov, t6, 
 
 X<^plov i(rxiip6v. 
 Suffer, —harm, /caxtSs ird- 
 
 o-xw (Tra^), TTf/o-o^iai, etc. 
 Summon, mX^w (/caX), 
 
 /faXw, etc., p.€Ta-ir^pTro- 
 
 fiai, p.eTa-Tr4p\l/o/j.ai, etc. 
 
 They 
 
 Supplies, collect —, iiri- 
 
 <Tlri^op.ai (airiS), iwL- 
 
 criTLovp.ai, etc. 
 Surprise, Kara-XaixfUvoj, 
 
 KaTa-X-q\popaL, etc. 
 Surprising, davpaarb^, ij, 
 
 6v. 
 
 Sweet, i)diis, ela, 6. 
 
 Sword, short —, dKlvdKijs, 
 ov, 6. 
 
 Table, rpdirej^a, 775, 17. 
 Take, XaplSdvw, Xijxpopai, 
 etc.; — the field or — 
 part in an expedition, 
 (TTpaTe6opat, crrpaTeija-o- 
 pai, etc.; — the field 
 
 with, a-v-arpareijopai ; 
 
 care, ivi-peX^opai, irn- 
 peXijaopai, etc. 
 
 Targeteer, TreXTaaTTJs, ov,6. 
 
 Ten, d^Ka. 
 
 Tent, <TK7)mj, TJs, ij. 
 
 Than, ij. 
 
 That, fin; iVa ; ^177'; 6s. 
 The, 6, i], t6. 
 
 Their, often by the article. 
 Them, oblique cases of 
 
 aiirSi in plur. 
 Then, Srj. 
 Thence, ivrevdev. 
 There, ivravda ; when 
 merely expletive, it is 
 not to be translated. 
 Therefore, oJ)v. 
 Thessalian, QerraXhs, ov, 6. 
 They, generally omitted ; 
 occasionally oSrot, iKd- 
 
T'iiief 
 
 58 
 
 Your 
 
 Thief, kXwi/', /cXwttos, 6. 
 Think, vofxi^u (vo/xid), vofiiw, 
 
 etc., believe ; 5ok€i, 56^ei, 
 
 e^c, impers., suppose. 
 This, ovTos, avrri, tovtq. 
 Thousand, x^^'o') «'•. a- 
 Thracian, Opq.^, Qpq.K6s, 6. 
 Three, rpeis, rpla. 
 Through, did. 
 Thus, ovTWS. 
 Time, wpd ; at that — , 
 
 t6t€i at the same — , 
 
 iifia, 
 Tissaphemes, Tia-ffa<l>4pvrjs, 
 
 ous, 6. 
 To, eli, ivl, 7ra/)ci, wpSs, 
 Tree, S^vSpov, ov, t6. 
 Tribute, da<T/j.6s, oO, 6. 
 Troops, (7TpdT€Vfj.a, aros, 
 
 t6; (TTpaTLWTai, Cjv^ oJ. 
 Trouble, Trpdy/MaTa^ druv, 
 
 Td. 
 
 Truce, crirovdal, wv, al. 
 
 True, dXfjeTJs, h. 
 
 Trust, TTKTTeiJaj, 7rt<rT€i/(rw, 
 
 etc. 
 Try, 7retpcio/xot, weipdaofxai, 
 
 etc. 
 Turn, (rTp^(f)(>}, (TTp4\l/oj, etc. 
 Twenty, ef/coo-t ; — ^^ue, 
 
 etKOffi Kai irivre, 
 
 u 
 
 Undergo, — hardship, 
 iroviw, TTOvrjffU}, etc. 
 
 Unjust, &81KOS.1 ov ; he — , 
 dStK^w, d5t/cr?(TW, e^C. 
 
 Unless = if not. 
 
 Until, M^X/»- 
 
 Upon, iirl. 
 
 Urge, wapa-KeXeioixai, wapa- 
 
 KcXevcrofjiai, etc. 
 Use, 7na^e — 0/, xpao/xat, 
 
 XPVffo/jLai, etc. 
 
 Van, crrSfxa, aros, t6. 
 Very, Trdvy. 
 Victory, vf/cTj, tjs, ^7. 
 Village, kc^^t;, •>;$, 17, 
 Vote, \p-q<f)l^oixai {\l/r]<pLd), 
 \pTi)<pi.ovp.ai, etc. 
 
 W 
 
 Wagon, Hfia^a, tjj, ^. 
 
 War, 7r6XejLto!;, ou, d ; carr?/ 
 on or engage in — , 
 TToXe/i^w, Tro\efX7]<TU, etc. 
 
 Way, 0*56$, oO, ^; ou^ 0/ 
 ii^e — , iKTToSdv. 
 
 Week = seven days. 
 
 Well, eC; do — by, td 
 iroiiw, iroiijau}, etc. ; it is 
 — , KaXws exet, ^^ei, eifc. 
 
 Well-disposed, evvovs, ovv. 
 
 What, t/j, t/, gen. rbos; 
 
 sort, TTOtOS, d, oy. 
 
 When, iTTeidtj. 
 Whenever, iireidi]. 
 Wherever, oirov. 
 Whether, e^; — ... or, 
 
 irbrcpov . , . t). 
 Which, 6s, 7), 6. 
 Whoever, Sans, ^- tj. 
 Why, tI ; 5t' &. 
 Width, eCpoj, ovs, rb. 
 Wife, "yvv/j, ywaiKbs, ij. 
 
 Wild, Aypioi, a, ov; — 
 beast, dr)plov, ov, rb. 
 
 Willing, he — , idiXw, ide- 
 \i](ru}, etc. 
 
 Willingly, ckuv, oCcra, bv. 
 
 Wine, oJpos, ov, 6. 
 
 Wing, K^pas, K^pws and 
 Kipdros, 6 ; on the right 
 — , iiri Tip 5e^iip ; on the 
 left — , iTri Tip evuvipup. 
 
 Wish, ^Qij\o/xai, ^ovX-qao- 
 p.ai, etc. 
 
 With, a{iv, fx^" ; — the 
 help of, ffiju; in com- 
 pany — , criUp. 
 
 Withdraw, dTro-xwp^w, dTro- 
 XW/377(rw, etc. 
 
 Wonder, 0avpi.d^w {6avp.ad), 
 0avp.daop.ai, etc. 
 
 Wood, ^6\a, lav, rd. 
 
 Worsted, be — , rjTTdopai, 
 rjTTTJaopai, etc. 
 
 Worth, A^ios, d, ov. 
 
 Wound, TiTpuiaKu (t/jo), 
 Tpibarw, etc. 
 
 Write, ypd<pw, ypd\f/u}, etc. 
 
 Wrong, or be in the — , 
 ddiK^w, ddiKtjau, etc. 
 
 Xenophon, Aevocpwv, wj/tos, 
 0. 
 
 Y 
 
 You, (TlJ, (ToO. 
 
 Young, — man, vedvldi, 
 
 ov, 6. 
 Your, vp.^T€poi; otten by 
 
 the article or aov. 
 

 ^cceni 18 ff.; recessive 53; of pro- 
 clitics 20, 107, 109 ; of enclitics 27, 
 108 f.; in contraction 272 ; of nouns 
 and adjs. 85 f., ;]9, 129, 244; of 
 verbs 53, 457, 484, 493, 005 a, 034 a. 
 Accusative case 29. Syntax of 832 If. 
 Acute accent 18 f., 21 f., 24 f. 
 Adjectives vowel decl. 120 if.; cons 
 decl. 259 ff., 420 If.; contr. of vr.vvel 
 decl. 280 ff. ; irregular 500 f . ; com- 
 parison 541 ff., 577; verbal in to, 
 and Teoj (i77 If. Syntax of 805 f. 
 Adverbs 595 ff. 
 Affinity of words 873 ff. 
 Agent gen. of 202, dat. of 203 ; w. 
 
 verbals in reoj and reov 080, O82' 
 Alphabet 1. 
 
 Aorist first indie, act. 80 i¥., mid. 
 183 f., pass. 194 iT. ; first aor. system 
 605 ff., 582 ff.; second aor. 91, 002 
 ff., in A£ verbs 089; first pass, sys- 
 tem 050 ff.; second pass, system 
 008 ff. Syntax of indie. 87, de- 
 pendent moods 313. 
 Apodosis 301 ; neg. 01) 303. 
 Apostrophe (in elision) 16. 
 Apposition 804. 
 
 Article definite declined 758 ; proclitic 
 in some forms 39 a, 70 a. Syntax of 
 807 ff. 
 
 Attic reduplication 871, 4; future 
 
 B71, 14, 15. 
 Augment V)(i, 07, 93, 871. 
 
 Borrowed words 870. 
 Breathings 14. 
 
 Cases 29, 30 ; case endings 240 f. Syn- 
 tax, see Nominative, Genitive, etc. 
 Circumflex accent 18 ff. 
 Circumstantial partic. 495. 
 Cognate mutes 8; ace. 833; words, 870. 
 Commands, etc. 400, 408. 
 Comparative degree 541 f. ; w. gen. 545, 
 
 858 ; w. dat. 807. 
 Comparison of adjs. 541 1; irregular 
 
 677 ; of ad vs. 597. 
 Complex sent. 000; dependent verbs of 
 
 in indir. quot. 663. 
 Compound verbs 93 ; w. gen. 852 ; w. 
 
 dat. 805 ; compound words 874. 
 Conclusion, see Apodosis. 
 Conditional sents. 304 ff. , 316 f . ,363 f 
 623 ff. Sea Apodosis, Protasis. ConA. 
 rel. clauses 531 ff. 
 
60 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Consonants .3, 5 ff. ; chang^^s of 738. 
 Consonant Declension, see Declen- 
 sion. 
 
 Contraction 268; rules of 737; in vowel 
 decl. 286 ff. ; in cons. decl. 395, 428, 
 476 f., 500 f., 506 f. ; in verbs in -aw, 
 -ew, -ow, indie. 268ff., 27!)ff., subjv. 
 339 f., opt. 386 ff,, imv. 420f., inf. 
 459f.,part. 486, 494, 756. 
 
 Co-ordinate mutes 8. 
 
 Dative case 29. Syntax of 869 ff. 
 
 Declension 34; nouns of first or A-decl. 
 37 ff . , 43 ff. , 6)1 ff. , 99 ff. , of second or 
 0-decl. 75 ff., 81 ff.; adjs. of vowel 
 decl. 126 ff. ; contract nouns and 
 adjs. of vowel decl. 286 ff. ; nouns 
 and adjs. of third or cons. decl. 239 ff"., 
 249 ff. , 259 ff. , 345 ff. , 393 ff. , 426 ff. , 
 476 .f, 500 f., .506 f . ; irregular adjs. 
 5001; participles 754 f. ^ee Article, 
 Pronouns, Numerals. 
 
 Demonstrative prons. 154 ff. 
 
 Dependent clauses in indir. discourse 
 663. 
 
 Deponent verbs 297 ff. 
 
 Diphthongs 11, 12. 
 
 Directions for reading 123. 
 
 Dori'\ fut. 871, 16. 
 
 Double consonants 9. 
 
 Dual 31. 
 
 Elision 16 ; in compound verbs 93. 
 Enclitics 27, 168 f. 
 
 Endings personal 136, 145, 175, 401, 
 , of inf. 455 f. ; of part. 484, 493 ; 
 -fit verbs 689 ; case endings of 
 cons. decl. 210 f. 
 Exhortations 324. 
 
 413; 
 in 
 
 Fear vbs. exp. w. obj. clause 334, 381. 
 
 Final clauses 32(5, 371. 
 
 First Aorist system, see Aorist. 
 
 First Passive system 656 ff. 
 
 First Perfect system 619 ff. 
 
 Future indie, act. 86 ft"., mid. 174 ff., 
 pass. 194 ft".; fut. system 565 ff., 
 582 ff. ; first pass, system 656 ff . ; 
 second pass, system 668 ft".; Attic 
 fut. 871, 14, 15; Doric fut. 871, 16 ; 
 fut. mid. for act. 871, 17. Syntax 
 of fut. indie, in obj. clauses w. oVws 
 373. 
 
 Future Perfect 182 ff. ; pf. mid. system 
 642ff.,648ff. 
 
 Gender 32 f., 40 a, 78 a ; A-decl. ferns. 
 
 in a, rj, or a 37, mascs. in dj or rjs 
 
 99 ff. ; O-decl. 75. 
 General suppositions 302 ; forms of 
 
 524 f. 
 Genitive case 29. Syntar of 841 ff. 
 Grave accent 18 f., 26. 
 Group of words how related 874. 
 
 Lnperative 400 ff., 413 ff., 420 f. Uses 
 
 of 405 ff. 
 Imperfect indie, act. 68 f., mid. 174 ff., 
 
 pass. 194 ff. ; in pres. system 552 ff. ; 
 
 in fiL verbs 689 ff. See Contraction. 
 
 Syntax of in unreal conditions 307, 2. 
 Indefinite pron. ris 354. 
 Indicative 49 ; tenses of, 50. See Con- 
 traction, MI Verbs, and Present, 
 
 Imperfect, Future, etc. 
 Indirect discourse, see Quotations and 
 
 Questions. 
 Infinitive 453 ff. Uses of 461, 468 ff., 
 
 607 ff. 
 Inten.nve pron . 160. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 61 
 
 Interrogative prons. 353 ; subjv. 588. 
 
 Iota subscript 11. 
 
 Irregular adjs. 500 f. ; comparison 577. 
 
 Labials 7; euphonic changes 243. 
 Linguals 7; euphonic changes 250 f. 
 Liquids 0; changes of v 738, 7 ff. 
 
 Liquid verbs 582 ff., 623 ff., 0G7 
 
 648ff., 658ff.,668ff. 
 
 MI Verbs 689 ff., 699 f., 706 f., 711 f.; 
 
 irregular 720 f., 726 f., 732. 
 Middle voice 174 ff. ; mutes 7. 
 Moods, see Indicative, Subjunctive, etc. 
 Mutes 5, 7 f. ; euphonic changes 738, 3, 
 
 and see Labials, Lmguals, Palatals. 
 
 Mute verbs 90, 113 ff., 196, 208 ff., 
 
 216ft\, i>65ff.,636, 642ff. 
 
 Syntax of 830. 
 
 Nominative case 29. 
 Number 31, 52. 
 Numerals 614, 756 f. 
 
 Object clauses w. fii, and subjv. or opt. 
 
 334, 381 ; w. 6'7rwj and fut. ind. 373. 
 Optative 360 ff., 369 ff., 378 ff., 386 ff 
 
 Uses of 363 f., 370 ff., 3801, l-,. 
 
 590, 663. 
 Oxytone 25. 
 
 Palatals 7; euphonic changes 243. 
 Participles 482 ff. , 492 ff. Uses of 487, 
 
 495, 515 f., 627 1, 683 f. 
 Particular supposltl i>s 302. 
 Passive voice 19L^ ff. ,: first pass, system 
 
 656 ff. ; second pass, system 608 ff. 
 Penult accent of 22. 
 Perfect indie, act. 110 ff., mid. 183 fl, 
 
 pass. 192 ft'.; first pi system 619 ff. ; 
 
 second pi system 114 1, 633 ff.J 
 
 pf. mid. system, 642 ff., 648 If. 
 
 Person 51. 
 
 Personal prons. .A33 ff. See Endings. 
 Pluperfect indk :.ct. 110 ff., mid. 183 
 ff., pass. 192 ff.; fir.st pi system 
 619 ff.; second pi system 114 1, 
 033 ff'.; pi mid. system 642 11 
 648 ff. 
 Possessive prons. ,448. 
 
 Post-positives 82 b. 
 
 Predicate 800 ff. 
 
 Prepositions 226 ff. 
 
 Present mdic. act. 55, mid. 174 ff., 
 pass. 192 ft'.; pres. system 552 fl; 
 in HI verbs 689 ft'. See Contrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Primary tenses 50. 
 
 Principal Parts of verbs 199 fl; of 
 deponents 298 ff. 
 
 Proclitics 26, 167. 
 
 Prohibitions w. m'^ 408. 
 
 Pronouns, see Personal, Intensive, Re- 
 flexive, etc. 
 
 PronunciMion 1, 10, 12. 
 
 Protasis 301 ; neg. of /a-^ 303. 
 
 Punctuation marks of 28. 
 
 Purpose clauses 326, 371. 
 
 Quotations and Questions dir. and 
 indir. 557 fl, 567 fl, 589 1, 607 ff., 
 627 1, 660 ff. ; questions of appeal 
 w. subjv. 587 1 
 
 Reading the art of 121 ff,; directions 
 
 for 123. 
 Reciprocal pron. 447. 
 Reduplication 105 ff., 871. 
 Reflexive prons. 443 ff. 
 Relative prons. 512 fl ; cond. rel. 
 
 clauses 531 ff. 
 Rough breathing 14 ; nmtes 7. 
 
62 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Second aor., pf., etc. G54, 003; second 
 
 teuse systems, see Aorist, Passive, 
 
 Perfect. 
 Secondary tenses 50. 
 Semivowels 6 f. 
 Sibilant 0. 
 
 Smooth breathing 14 ; mutes 7. 
 Stem 54. See Tense stems. 
 Subject 800 ff. 
 Subjunctive 312 ff., 331 ff., 339 f. 
 
 of 310 f., 323 ff., 333 f., 407 f., 
 Suffix of opt. mood 302, 379, 387 
 
 Tense Suffixes. 
 Superlatioe degree 540 f. 
 Suppositions part''eular and 
 
 302, See Conditional. 
 Syllabic, see Augment. 
 Sijllables 15. 
 Synopsis 550. 
 Syntax rules of 800 if. 
 Systems, see Tense S]/stems. 
 
 Temporal, ^ce A agment. 
 
 Tense Stems 135, 553, 871. See Tense 
 
 Systems. 
 Tense Suffixes 135, 553, GOO, 035, C70. 
 
 Uses 
 588, 
 See 
 
 general 
 
 Tense Systems 552 f. ; pres. system 
 553,1; fut. 553,2, 505 f., 583 f. ; 
 first aor. 553, 3, 505 f., 585 f. ; second 
 aor, 002 ff,; first pf, 553, 4, 019 ff,; 
 second pf. 033 ff,, 717 ff,; pf, mid. 
 553, 5, 042 f, , 048 f , ; first pass. 553, 0, 
 050 ff. ; second pa,ss. 008 ff. 
 
 Tenses 50, See Present, Imperfect, etc. 
 
 Ultima accent of 24. 
 
 Verbal adjs, 077 ff. 
 
 Verbs principal parts 199 ff,, 298 ff,; 
 defective 201; kinds of 273; depo- 
 nent 297 ff. ; in fjLi and w 091, See 
 MI Verbs. 
 
 Verb stem 54, 274, 580, 000, 023 ff., 
 037, 072, 871, 
 
 Vocabulary liow to be acquired 877. 
 
 Vocative case 29. Syntax of 831. 
 
 Voice 4S, 174, 192. 
 
 Vowels 3 f . ; contraction of 737, 
 
 Vowel declension, see Declension; 
 verbs 273 f. See Contraction. 
 
 Word-Grouping 872 ff. 
 
 Words borrowed and cognate 870, 
 
es. system 
 f., G83 f.; 
 )f.; second 
 4, 019 ff.; 
 ; pf. mid. 
 )ass. 653, 6, 
 ff. 
 oerfect, etc. 
 
 ff.,298 ff.; 
 
 J73; depo- 
 
 091. See 
 
 06, 623 ff., 
 
 ired 877. 
 Df 831. 
 
 737. 
 
 Declension ; 
 :tion. 
 
 ite 876. 
 
 ^u- 
 
 ■