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32X
1
2
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6
MARCH OF THE TMN THC
OF THE TE2f THOUSAND GHEEKS.
I'F
THE
FIRST GREEK BOOK
BY
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D.
PROFKSSOa OF GBEEK IN HABVARU UKIVEKSITT
IHediocrltatem I/lam teneblt quae eit Inter nimlum et parum
Boston, U.S.A.:
GINN & COMPANY.
Toronto:
THE COPP, CLAKK CO., LIMITED.
Copyright, 1896
Bt JOHN WILLIA.MS WHITE.
A I.I, KKiHTS KKSEKVED
54-6
PEEFAOE.
I f
» t
Since the publication of my Beginner^s Greek Book in 1892,
I have from time to time had letters from teacliers in different
parts of the country, who have informed me that the Beginner's
Book, because of its length, was not well adapted for use in the
schools in which they taught, and who have urged me to prepare a
briefer book on the same plan. They wished a book, they said,
which could be completed in two terms, and which would properly
prepare their pupils for the rapid but exact reading of a book of
the Anabasis during the last third of the year.
The First Greek Book is an attempt to meet this reasonable
request. I am aware that it is impossible that any elementary
book should be equally well adapted to the needs of all schools ;
but I have at least succeeded in making this book briefer than its
immediate predecessor. In writing it I have aimed to give, first,
only such fundamental facts of Greek grammar as the young pupil
must know before he can begin to read the connected narrative of
Xenophon intelligently and with pleasure, and secondly, a moderate
amount of practice, both in reading and in writing, in the application
of these principles. I have entirely excluded from the eighty lessons
into which the First Greek Book is divided- the Attic second
declension, the systematic treatmeut of the affinity of words, word
lists, word groups, the principles of word formation, and the divi-
sion of verbs into eight classes, although provision is made for the
study of some of these important matters, if the teacher finds the
time for it, in the materials furnished in the Appendix. Further,
iy
PREFACE.
tho dual number is not introduced into tlie exercises or reading
lesson? ; contracts of the vowel declension liave been treated more
concisely, and have been placed after the first lesson on contract
verbs, and the principles of syntax Jiave been presented more
simply.
Tlie principle, however, that I liave aimed to follow has been
that of liorizontal reduction, to use tlie expressive phrase of one of
my advisers among the teachers, rather than of omission. Each
lesson consists, in order, of a statement of gramni;itical principles,
of a vocabulary, of exercises, and of a brief reading lesson in con-
tinuous narrative. Paradigms have been transferred, except just
at the beginning, to the Appendix ; by this arrangement they are
not under the eye of the pupil as he translates his exercises.
The statements of grammatical facts have been brought into verbal
conformity witli tlie statements in the Greek Grammar of my col-
league, Professor Goodwin. The number of words in the vocabularies
has been reduced to ten on the average ; these words occur fre-
quently in the Anabasis. Each vocabulary includes all the words
not previously given that occur in the exercises of the lesson to
which it belongs ; the genitive and gender of all nouns are indi-
cated ; and only those related Greek words are pointed out which
have previously occurred and whose etymological connection is
obvious. The sentences in the exercises have been simplified, and
their number has been reduced ; each sentence illustrates once or
twice the grammatical principles presented in the lesson. The
interesting story contained in the first eight chapters of Xeno-
phon's Anabasis begins in simplified form in the thirteenth lesson,
and is continued in brief reading lessons ; none of these reading
lessons make demands on the knowledge of the pupil that he is
not prepared to meet through knowledge previously acquired. He
thus begins very soon to read continuous narrative, and keeps up
the practice day by day, and thus unconsciously acquires new words
in the most satisfactory way, by using them in connected discourse.
1
PHKFACE.
! A
Words that have not previously occurred are sparingly introduced
in the reading lessons.
The materials brought together in the Appendix are of such a
nature that, with the exception of the paradigms and rules of syn-
tax, they can be used or not according to the teacher's needs and
preference. They consist of a statement of the principles regulat-
ing the contraction of vowels and the changes of consonants, of a
complete set of paradigms, of the rules of syntax, illustrated by
examples, governing all the parts of speech except the verb (the
syntax of the moods and tenses of the verb is developed in the
lessons), of the principal parts of important verbs arranged alpha-
betically, and of eight alphabetical lists of the words contained in
the special vocabularies.
It gives me pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to my
colleague, Dr. Charles Burton Gulick, who prepared the first draft
of the reading lessons and has read the proofs, and to express my
thanks to the teachers in colleges, academies, and public schools
whose friendly and wise criticisms and suggestions have been of
the greatest service to me in writing this book.
mmi^^t^mtmmimmmm*
mmmmmmm
^
X
1
CONTKNTS.
UCflg
8 ROT.
I.
1-13
II.
14-28
nr.
20-12
IV.
4:M7.
V.
48-({0.
VI.
01-05.
VH.
00-74.
VIII.
70-80.
IX.
81-86.
X.
8(M)8.
XI.
00-104.
XII.
105-120.
XIII.
121-125.
XIV.
120-134.
XV.
135-144.
XVI.
145-163.
XVII.
154-164.
XVIII,
105-173.
XIX.
174-181.
XX.
182-101.
XXI.
102-207.
XXII.
208-216.
XXIII.
216-225.
XXIV,.
226-238.
XXV.
230-248.
XXVI.
240-258.
XXVII.
250-267.
XXVIII.
268-278.
XXIX.
270-285.
XXX.
286-205.
XXXI.
206-311.
XXXII.
312-321.
XXXIII.
322-330.
PAO K
Tho Alphabet. VowcIh, Consonants, DIplithonL's 1-3
Hri-atlangH, Syllables, Elision, Accent, i'unctua-
t>o»i 4_„
Nouns. Introductory >j_q
A-I)eclen.sion. Fenjjnines in ij. lo 11
Verbs. Introductory '' nlj.j
A-I)eclen.sion. Keininlnes in o.. .!!."....!!. 14 15
Imperfect Indicative Active ]([' 17
()-I)ecIension ...,""..... ly' 19
O-Dcclension (continued) ","'.. 2o'''l
Future and First Aorist Indicative Active 22-24
A-Declen.sion. Ma.sculine8 ' ' 25 20
Perfect and Tluperfect Indicative Active 9f{Lyn
Tlie Art of Reading ^[j oV
Adjectives of the Vowel Deciension .32*33
Analysis of the Primary Tenses 01 the hulicative ' '
Active 24 35
Analysis of the Secondary Tenses of the Indica- '
tive Active gg 07
Demonstrative Pronouns. 01)769!. 38-40
Present and Imperfect of ei/xl, be .. 4i_43
Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative Middie 43-45
Aorist, Perf^ect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect
Indicative Middle 40-48
Indicative Passive 40-61
Perfect, Pluperfect, and FuturePerfect'lndicfv^
tive Middle and Passive of Labial Mute Verbs 52, 63
1 erfect and Pluperfect Indicative M iddle and Ptis-
sive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs 54-^f5
Prepositions 67-''0
Labial and Palatal Mute Stems "of "the Consoiian't ^
Declension 00-62
Lingual Mute Stems of" the ConsonantDeclensiou 03 64
Adjectives of the Consonant Declension 65 66
Contract Verbs in aw in the Lidicative. ... 67-60
Contract Verbs in eu and ow in the Indicative 70 71
Contract Nouns and Adjectives of the Vowel '
Declension i^o 70
Deponent Verbs. Conditional "Sentences 74I77
Subjunctive Active. Vivid Future Conditions' " 77-70
Subjunctive Active (continued). Subjunctive hi
liXhortations and in Final Clauses 80-82
vii
Vlil
CONTENTS.
LESS.
SECT.
XXXIY.
331-338
XXXV.
339-344
XXXVI.
346-352
XXXVII.
363-369.
XXXVIII.
360-368.
XXXIX.
369-377.
XL.
378-386.
XLI.
386-392.
XLII.
393-399.
XLIII.
400-412.
XLIV.
413-419.
XLV.
420-425.
XLVI.
426-432.
XLVII.
433-442.
XLVIII.
443-462.
XLIX.
463-466.
L.
466-475.
LI.
476-481.
LII.
482-491.
LIII.
492-499.
LIV.
500-605.
LV. 606-611.
LVI. 612-621.
LVII.
622-530.
LVIII.
631-540.
LIX.
641-651.
LX.
652-564.
LXI.
666-576.
LXIL
677-581.
LXIIL
682-694.
LXIV.
595-601.
LXV.
602-613.
LXVI.
614-618.
LXVIL
619-632.
T.XVTT!.
A33-641.
LXIX.
642-647.
LXX. •048-€5&.
PAGE
Subjunctive Middle and Paasive. Subjunctive
after Verbs of Fearing 83-86
Contract Verbs in the Subjunctive M6, 87
Liquid Stems of the Consonant Declension <. 88, 89
Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns 90, 91
Optative Active. Less Vivid Future Conditions 92-94
Optative Active (continued). Optative in Final
and Object Clauses 95-97
Optative Middle and Passive. Optative after
Verbs of Fearing 98-100
Contract Verbs in the Optative 101,102
Stems in j- of the Consonant Declension 103-106
Imperative Acti\e 106-108
Imperative Middle and Passive 108, 109
( jntract Verbs in the Imperative 110,111
Adjective Stems in v and ea of the Consonant
Declension 112, 113
Personal Pronouns 113-116
Reflexive, Reciprocal, and Possessive Pronouns 116-118
The Infinitive 119-121
The Infinitive (continued) 122-124
Stems in i and i; of the Consonant Declension.. 126, 126
Participles Active 127-129
Participles Middle and Passive 130-132
Adjective Stems in v of the Consonant Declen-
sion. Irregular Adjectives 133,134
Stems in a Diphthong of the Consonant Declen-
sion 135, 136
Relative Pronouns. Genitive Absolute. Nu-
merals 137-139
Conditional Sentences. General Suppositious.. 140-142
Conditional Relative Sentences 143-145
Comparison of Adjectives 146-148
Present System of Verbs. Indirect Discourse.. 149-152
Future and First Aorist Systems of Vowel ^Jid
Mute Verbs. Indirect Discourse 153-166
Irregular Comparison of Adjectives 167-169
Future and First Aorist Systems of Liquid
Verbs. Interrogative Subjunctive. Indi-
rect Discourse 160-163
Formation and Comparison of Adjectives 163-165
Second Aorist System. Indirect Discourse 166-168
Numerals 169-171
First Perfect System. Indirect Discourse 172-174
Sppfxiirl p,^».f£j/i* 0,,„4-,>.»> ITK 1T7
i-'CA^Uii'-t Xtil^rLt ojctcixi liu—iii
Perfect Middle System of Vowel and of Mute
Verbs 178, 179
Perfect Middle System of Liquid Verbs 180-182
CONTENTS.
IX
PAGE
LESS.
SECT.
LXXI.
65(5-007.
LXXII.
608-070.
LXXIII.
077-688.
LXXIV.
080-098.
LXXV.
009-704.
LXXVI.
706-710.
LXXVII.
711-716.
LXXVIII.
717-725.
LXXIX.
720-731.
LXXX.
732-736.
PAGE
First Passive System. Complex Sentences in
Indirect Discourse 182-186
Second Passive System "l.."^.!.! 187-180
Verbal Adjectives 189-192
Regular Verbs in MI, Tldrjui '" 193-196
Regular Verbs in MI, 8i5uni 197-199
Regular Verbs in MI, i'o-TTj.ut 199-202
Regular Verbs in MI, SeUvv/xi 203-205
Second I'erfect System without Tense Suffix 206-208
Irregular Verbs in MI, 017;;.;, eifil, elfii 209-211
Irregulai- Verbs in MI (continued), Irjfii, Kei/xai,
''^"' 212, 213
APPENDIX.
SECT.
737.
738.
739-749.
750-753.
754, 755.
756, 757.
758-764.
765-780.
781-783.
784-799.
800-870.
871.
872-884.
PAGF
Contraction of Vowels 01 r oi«
Changes of Consonants 21 7' 21 Q
Paradigms : Nouns 22nl29^
Paradigms: Adjectives " 22«-9qn
Paradigms: Participles 2^0 sqi
Paradigms: Numerals 232 2?^
Paradigms: Definite Article and Pronouns 2^412??
Paradigms: Verbs in w 238-247
Paradigms : Contract Verbs in w... 248-2*.^
Paradigms: Verbs in MI 9 J t'^^
Rules of Syntax ::•: ^^-f'l
Prmcipal Parts of Important Verbs.. 27^-9^1
Word Grouping. Word Lists '^""''ZZZ^ZZ. 286-292
TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
10.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
28.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
PAGE
Greek Schoolroom 3
Ancient Dog-cart ^ ^^^ q
Assyrian Tents 9
The Slaying of the Suitors Z"..... 13
Sabre "' ' j4
Attic Four Drachma Piece 15
Bronze Boat used as a Lamp 21
Greelc Warrior ' 25
Sacrifice 29
Targeteer " ' 39
Ancient Persians 40
The Skulking Warrior 45
Assyrian Wagon 46
Theseus Fighting with Amazons 48
Attic Four Drachma Piece 54
Silenus the Satyr _ 56
Alexander the Great 61
Target - „ 'Z['Z'.'Z 62
Greek Armor 69
Battle 79
Darius III 82
Persian Daric _ 83
A Youthful Knight 85
Persian Slingers 90
Greek Armor 94
Chariot Race ] 97
Masks of Pan 99
Ostriches 100
Helmet IO3
Arming of a Greek Warrior 104
Raft of Inflated Hides Ill
Axe 114
Bridle II5
Greek Hoplites .... 118
Bow .ZZZ 122
Greek Schoolroom 127
Greek Armor 132
Altar ZZZ 137
Ancient Dogs 140-
Sword 148
Spear-heads 153
xO I
Anfipnt. Poroi
ans.
War Ship I59
Girdle 162
PAGe
3
6
9
. 18
. 14
. 15
. 21
. 25
29
39
40
45
46
48
54
56
61
62
69
79
82
83
85
90
94
97
99
100
103
104
111
114
115
118
122
127
132
137
140-
148
163
157
159
102
TABLE OF ILLUSTHAtlONS.
A i
xo.
45. Darius goes Hunting ^aob
46. Attic Ten Drachma Piece 170
47. Ancient Horse Race 171
48. Assyrian Soldiers 175
61. Chaplet 188
52. Zeus and Victory" 196
63. Apollo flays Marsyas 202
64. Persian Charioteer. 204
66. Trumpeter . 208
56. Plan of the Battle atCunaxa 211
o^ Barbarians 214
68. The Stricken Persian 219
69. Attic Obol 225
60. Athena 227
61. Zeus 233
62. The Giving of Hands'. 234
63. Athena .... 237
64. The Caftan ZZ''. 264
66. Amazon 274
285
m. Mill ^^ ™^ VOCABULARIES.
67. Axe Z.Z. 6
68. War Chariot "Z 7
69. Artemis. 9
70. Oval Shield ...'.".' 10
71. Round Shield , 10
72. Attic Drachma Piece 11
73. Breast-plate 16
74. Horse and Rider 23
75. Herald 24
76. Greave ." 26
77. Helmet .." 27
78. Ancient Ships ......! !......"' 27
79. Stone-thrower... 31
80. Arming of Warriors 32
81. Heavy-armed Soldier 33
82. Target 34
83. Frontlet and Bridle of Horse 37
84. Persian Sceptre-bearer 4l>
85. Mounted Bowmen 41
86. Position of Rowers inthe Trimne 46
»/. Bowman 46
88. Greek Women...!....!... 47
89. Bracelet 48
90. Harnessing to the Chariot ^
60
I
i
FIRST GREEK BOOK.
-•«♦-
LESSON I.
The Alphabet. Vowels, Consonants, Diphthongs.
1. T\w nn5ek Alphahet has twenty-four letters:
Form.
Phonttic Valua.
Name.
Form.
Phonetic Value.
Name.
A
a
"impa, ffjtlier
Alplui
N
V
now
Nu
B
P
t
Beta
s
1
wax
Xi
r
Y.
1
Ifo or aiwy (10)
Gam ma
obey
Omicroi
A
8
do
Delta
n
TT
joet
Pi
E
c
met
Epsilon
p
P
run
Rho
z
I
ddscQ
Zeta
2
(T
S sit
Sigma
H
n
pivy
Eta
T
T
<ell
Tau
6
e
Mill
Theta
Y
V
French U, German ii
Upsilon
I
I
p/n, niaeliMio
Iota
i
*
grajsAic
Phi
K
K
A'ill
Kappa
X
X
German buc/i
Chi
A
X
/and
Lambda
^
'I'
\nps
Psi
M
1*
wen
Mil
Q
(i>
tone
Omega
2. At the end of a vord «, elsewhere o-, as ctki^i^s, o/ a /gnf.
3, The Vowels ur** n < « • « ^.^ .»«/? .. t^v „ :„:
letters are Consonants.
' I
i
2
VOWELS AND CONSONANTS.
4. Vowels are either short or long. There are separate
Greek characters (€ r\, o o)) for the e and o sounds, but not for
the a, I, and u sounds. In this book the sliort vowels are
designated by a, c, i, o, v, the long by d, i], i, «, u.
6. The consonants are divided into semivowels, mutes, and
double consonants.
6. The semivowels are X, |i, v, p, <r, and -y-nasal (10). X, y.^
V, p are liquids ; cr is a sibilant.
7. The mutes are of three classes and of three orders:
^"""^'- Orders.
Labial or ir-mutes it p <t>, Smooth mutes ir k t,
Palatal or K-mutes k y X' M^t^^e mutes P 7 8,
Lingual or T-mutes t 8 9. i^owyA mutes <|) x ©•
8. Mutes of the same class are called cognate ; iho^Q of the same
order, co-ordinate.
9. The double consonants are | (for /t?), \|/ (for tt?)
and J.
10. The consonants are pronounced, in general, like their
English equivalents ; but gamma before k, 7, x, or | equals ng
in siw^, and is called gamma nasal.
Give the phonetic value of each letter in the alphabet (1).
11. The Diphthongs are at, au, ci, €i,, 01, ou, riu, ui,
?., 11, <?. The last three, formed by writing i under d, 11, «,
are called tm/nfnnfir {Wnh^^^vc" t^u^:- ^ 1 ■, . I'l-
.^..^..,., uipiiwiix^ixgo. xiicii suuuaa vowel la called
iota subscript.
DIPHTHONGS.
8
12. The diphthongs are pronounced
at as in msle,
€t as in eightj
ot as in oil,
av as ou m ouTy
VI as in quit,
ou as in group,
CD and r\v as 6h-oo, eh-oo (for these tliere are no exact
ci, 11, <p, as a, 11, (0. equivalents in English),
Give the name of each letter, and the phonetic value of each single vowel,
consonant, and diphthong in the following words:
13.
T|-(i€-pa, day.
o-KTj-v^, tent.
av-Opw-TTos, 7nan.
Pov-\cv-ci, he plans.
6-ir\t-Tt]s, hoplite.
Iv rx\ \«!t-pq., in the country.
vl-6$, son.
X6-Y01, speeches.
w-Ktj-<ro, I dwelt.
w-Sc, thus.
BXERCISB.
Oti-po, door.
iv (TKij-vfi, in a tent.
a-yt-rt, you lead.
&-)ia-Sa, wagon.
dp-ird-lia, I plunder.
<t>o-Pc-p6$, frightful.
o4.t6s, self, Lat. ipse.
iv Xd-Y(i>, in a speech.
'E\-\t|-vi-k6s, Greek.
d-Ya-96s, good.
Oil-pat, doors.
Xv-ov-o-i, they loose.
oY-7c-\os, messenger.
8"-pov, gift.
Xw-pa, country.
^^-Xi-ov, bracelet.
\6-yos, speech.
ol-Ki-a, I dwell.
"Ap-T€-(Ats, Artemis.
ot-Koi, at home.
No,
Greek Schoolroom.
BREATHINGS, SYLLABLES, ELISION.
LESSON II.
Breathings, Syllables, Elision, Accent, Punctuation.
14. Every vowel or diplithong at the beginning of a word
has either tlie Hough Breathing (*) or the Smooth Breath-
ing (»). The rougli breathing shows that the vowel is aspi-
rated, i.e. that it is preceded by the sound of h, as rj-fjLe-pa, day,
vl-6<i, son, 'E\-\r)-vi-K6^, Greek; the smooth breatliing shows that
the vowel is not aspirated, as d-yco, I lead, "Ap-Tc-fiL^i, Artemis,
^KTj-a-a, I dwelt.
15. A Greek word has as many Syllables as it has separate
vowels or diphthongs. A syllable is long by nature when it
has a long vowel or diphthong.
a. In dividing a word into syllables, single consonants and combina-
tions of coiisonants which can begin a word are, with few exceptions,
placed at the beginning of a syllable ; other combinations of consonants
are divided. Thus <^o-^£-po5, frightful, o-ttAi-tt;?, hoplite, but d/3-7ra-^a),
/ plunder.
10. A short final vowel may be dropped when the next
word begins with a vowel, whether this has the rough or the
smooth breathing. This is called Elision. An apostrophe
marks the omission. Thus eV avrov, against him, for eVt avrov.
17. Most words ending in ori, and all verbs of the third
person ending in c, generally add v when the next word begins
with a vowel, as exovcnv oUid^, they have houses ; elx^v oUidv,
he had a house. This is called v Movable. It may also be
added at the end of a sentence.
Pronounce each syllable of the words in 13.
ACCENT.
D.
a word
It EAT H-
is aspi-
>a, day,,
ws that
irtemis^
eparate
vhen it
sombina-
ceptions,
[isonants
e next
or the
stroplie
i avTov.
3 third
begins
OLKldv^
also be
18. There are three Accents :
the acute ('), as a-ya-SS^, good, f /n^-^d, day, "Ap-re-^K;,
Artemis, ^Krj-aa, I dtvelt ;
the grave (^), as a/crj-val d-ya-Oa{, good tents;
the circumflex (-), as aKrj-vij^, of a tent, cS-Se, thus,
iv crKT)-vaU, in tents.
19. Tlie acute can stand only on one of the last three
syllables of a word, the circumflex only on one of the last two,
and the grave only on the last.
20. The circumflex can stand only on a long syllable.
Wlien d, I, u have the circumflex, the long mark is omitted,
and they are written a, t, i).
21. The antepenult, if accented, takes the acute, as S,v-ep(o-
TTo?, man; but it can have no accent if the last syllable is
long or ends in | or \|/, as av-epay-irov, of a man.
22. An accented penult is circumflexed when it is long
while the last syllable is short, as 8a>-pou, gift. Otherwise it
takes the acute, as 8<o-pov, of a gift, x^^pd, land.
23. Final ai and oi are counted as short in determining the accent
as a-fia-^at, wagons, xS^'pat, lands, except in the optative, and in the adverb
oi-Kot, at home.
24. An accented ultima has the acute when short, as
a-ya-e6,, good; the acute or circumflex when long, as a^y-v^,
tent, (TKr)-v7i<i, of a tent.
25. A word which, like a^v-v^, tent, has the acute on the
last syllable is called oxytone (i.e. sharp-toned). An oxytone
changes its acute to the grave before other words in the'same
sentence, as aKr]-p^ h-ya-B^, a good tent.
msms
6
PUNCTUATION.
26. Some monosyllables have no accent and are closely
attached to the following word, as eV (TKr)-v^, in a tent. These
are called Pkoclitics.
27. An Enclitic is a word which loses its own accent and
is pronounced as if it were a part of tlie preceding word, as
dv-dpco-TToi re, hdminhque in Latin.
28. The Greek uses the comma (,) and the period (.) like
the English. It has also a colon, a i)oint above the line (•),
which is equivalent to the English colon and semicolon. The
mark of interrogation (;) is the same as the English semicolon.
Name the accent of each word in 13, and state the principle or principles
in 18-27 which apply to it.
Pronounce each of these words.
n
No. 2. Ancient Dog-cart.
NOUNS.
LESSON III.
Nouns. — Introductory.
29. There are five Cases in Greek, the nominative, genitive,
dative, accusative, and vocative.
30. The nominative and vocative plural are always alike. In neuters,
the nominative, accusative, and vocative are alike in all numbers ; in the
plural these end in o.
31. There are three Numbers, the singular, the dual (which
denotes two objects), and the plural.
32. There are three Genders, the masculine, the feminine,
and the neuter.
33. As in Latin, names of males and of rivers, winds and
months are masculine; names oi females and of countries, towns,
trees, and islands, and most nouns denoting qualities or con-
ditions are feminine.
34. There are three Declensions, the First or A-Beclension,
the Second or 0-Declension, and the Third or Consonant Declen-
sion. The first two together are sometimes called the Vowel
Declension, as opposed to the Third.
35. The place of accent in the nominative singular of a
noun or adjective must generally be learned by observation.
The other forms accent the same syllable as the nominative, if
the last syllable permits (21); otherwise the following syllable.
36. In the genitive and dative of all numbers a long ultima,
if accented, takes the circumflex.
8
A-DKCLKNUION.
A-Declension. — Feminines in 3.
37. Nouns of tlie A-Doeltuision end in a, ti, or a (feminine),
or in as or ^s (niasculine). Feminines generally end in a,'
Si c, I, or p precedes the ending.
38.
PARADiaMS.
x»ps,
COUNTRY.
8. N.
O.
D.
A.
V.
I). N. A.V.
O. D.
P. N.
o.
z>.
XfipS, country
X«pas, of country '
X«pqi, to or for country
XwpSv, country
XwpS, O country
X«pS
X<&patv
X«pai, countries
Xwpwv, of countries
Xt&pais, to or for countries
XupSs, countries
X»pai, O countries
O-TpOTlji,
AUMY.
o-rpaTid
o-Tparids
(TTpaTlljl
trrparisiv
O-TpttTlji
(rrparid
<rTpaTiatv
trrpariaC
<rrpaTitSv
orrpariats
o-TpariSis
crrpaTiat
i) filKp^ Ovpa,
THH HMALI. DOOIl.
^ |JltKp^ 6vpS
t{)s (iiKpas OvpBs
Tfi iJiUpql Ovp^^
TTJV p.iKp^V OvpSv
|iiKp^ 6vpS
TO) (tiKpk Ovpa
TOiv filKpaiv 6vpaiv
al (iiKpal Ovpai
TUV (ilKpWV OvpWV
rats jjiiKpals Ovpais
r^S )j,iKp^s OvpSs
l&iKpaV Oilpai
39. The genitive plural of nouns of this decioiibion always
has the circumflex on the last syllable.
a. For the accent of the other forms, see 35, 22 (final ai is short, 23), 36.
The forma ^, ..;. of fhe article are proclitic (2G). The vocative of ' the
article does not . •, ovr.
b. The noiv-vi^tjve and vocative of these nouns, both singular and plural
are alike (30).
FKMININK.S IN ALPHA (LONG).
tiinine),
d in a,
u
Jvpa,
.1,
DOOK.
I
Ovpa
IS
GvpBs
evpij
Iv
e^ipfiv
Ovpa
0i>pa
IV
Ovpaiv
I
Ovpai
►V
Ovpdiv
ts Ovpais
s
OvpSs
V
dvpai
9
40.
VOCABULARY.
dyopii, ot, 7, market-place.
OwpS, as, if, door.
©Ufa, aj, 17, house.
o-Tpariji, aj, ^, army.
X«pa, aj, ^, ;)/ace, land, country.
^aKptf, adj., /onflr.
HiKpd, adj., sm««, /t«/e.
4v, prep, with dat., m (a proclitic).
^v, he {she, it) ivas; ^o-av, they were.
'X", he {she, it) has; l^ova-i, they
have.
...g for,,, „f tl,. .leh„,t„ article, .us Ayopd, Si,, ^ „,,„o ^ xkr,,!!!™ tl,-.t
ttyo/3tt 18 feniiniiio. ' 'bnuus ui.it
41. Kbad aloud and translate : 1. oUCac ^iKoai
f ^v ra.,ayopah. 3. eV oIkU;. ^i.p^. 4. ^ oeVca 0^paV
J. at o.«c„, ^,«pat ^,ra.. 10. ^i^^ai ^a. ac 0^p„, rZu
OLKLtDV. ^
3 t!"th?*Trf '■^■^''' '""^ ''"y' 2- For small armies.
I'lnlZt"'""''- ^•'^'^— ">~". 5. He has
always ,
23), 36.
of the
i plural,
No. 3. Assyrian Tents.
10
FEMININES IN ETA.
ill
lAi:
LEssor; IV.
A-Declension. — Feminines in j\.
43. If €, I, or p does not precede (37), feminines generally
end in r\. This 7\ appears only in the singular.
44.
,
PARADIGMS.
J-')'
•««^I*T|,
i\ koXtj o-kt)vi^,
T JiiKfA erKT)v^,
i
VILLAGE.
THE FINE TENT.
THE LITTLE TENT.
m
S. M.
K(6uiT|, village
<| KttXlJ (rKt)Vlf]
f| HiKp^ (TKTJvfj
£
o.
K«|iT]8, of a village
Tfjs KttXf^S CTKTJvf^S
Tfjs fiiKpas o-Kijvf|s
V
D.
KiSt^Xi, to or for a village
T^ KOX-Q irKT)V^
T^ l&lKp^ O-KIJV^
A.
KM|jiT]v, village
Ttjv koXtjv a-Ki\vf\v
TTJV p-lKp^V (rKT|V^V
V.
K<&)iT|, village
koXt] 0-KT]W|
filKp^ OTKriV^
D. N.A.V.
Kufia
T«a KoXk O-KTJvi
T« ftlKp^ 0-KT)vtf
t
G. D.
K(&|jiaiv
To£v KoXaiv oTKTivalv
Toiv fiiKpaiv o-KTjvat*
■
P. N.
KU|iai, villages
ol KttXal orKt)vo(
ot filKpol crKTjvo£
1
6.
K<a\i.m; of villages
T«v KaXwv <rKT)vwv
T«V (iiKpWV CTKTIVWV
1
D.
K(4nais, to or for villages
Tttis KoXais <rKi)vats
Tais p-iKpais o-Kijvais
1
A.
Kw|iS$, villages
rks KoKks <rKtjv«s
tks (iilKn^s (rKT)v<l^$
1
V.
Kuftai, villages
KoAal (rKt]va£
|i.iKpal (rKi\val
1
45.
VOCABULARY.
1
KpOV7^,
7s» Wjftcry, uproar.
KaK^, adj., bad.
"i
K(i|MJ, 7;s,
^^m^oe.
KaX-(\, adj., beautiful, fine.
i
ndxTj, Vi
V, hMle, fight. No. 20.
<l>oP«pi, adj., frightful, fearful.
■1
cTKtivfj, ^s, 17, tent. No. 3.
1
n-(^(vS6vT]
, -ns, i], sling. No. 24.
Kat. com"., and.
n.lan
VERBS.
11
46. 1. cV Tjj K(ofi7) ^a-av filKpal (TK7)vaL. 2. at filKpal
oiKiai KaKoX 9j(Tav. 3. at o-«7?mi /caXat ^aav. 4. eV r^
^^/^?? t^^Xn <l>ofi^pa ^v. 5. ^ Kpavy^ r^9 o-r^anas <^o^e/)a^
^i'. 6. cV rar? /caXat? /cdJ/xat? ^aav otViat. 7. (T(f>^vh6vy)v
9^et eV riJ o-kt;^^. 8. Ac/)avy^ ^o^ep^ h rat? Aca>/.a:9 ^z..
9, eV rar? o-zcryi^ar? ^crai/ a[ cr^^vUvai. 10. ij otVtd yaE/cpa'
r^v /cat -)) (TK-r]vy) KaKTJ.
47. 1. In the villages were tents. 2. They have slings in
the tents. 3. The battles were fearful. 4. There was a small
house in the village. 5. They have tents and slings
LESSON V.
«
Verbs. — Introductory.
48. The Greek verb has three Voices, the active, middle,
and passive.
49. There are four MooDs, the indicative, subjunctive,
optative, and imperative. These are the finite moods. To
them are added, in the conjugation of the verb, the infinitive
and participles.
50. There are seven Tenses, the present, imperfect, future
aorist, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. The present
future, perfect, and future perfect indicative are called ^rmar.
tenses ; the imperfect, aorist, and pluperfect mdinnbV^ are
callea secondare/ tenses.
61. There are three Persons.
aaMMHMni
ii
12
PHEISEN T INDl CA TI VE A C Tl VE.
52. There are three Numueks, as in nouns (;U).
53. The accent of verbs is recessive, i.e. it is tluovvn as
far back as possible.
54. Tlie Stem of a verb is its fundamental part, from
whi(^h its various tenses are foi-med. The stem of \6(o, looHe,
IS \v or \v, of (SovXevco, plan, /SovXev, of 7re>7ra), and, nefnr.
Present Indicative Active.
Ol
i.
PARADia/VlS
s. 1.
2.
3.
XSl», / loose
Xdcis, you loose
Xd«i, he looses
PovXcvw, plan
PovXcvMs
PovXcvM
iri^ira, send
irifMTW
apirdtca, ro6
04>irdt<is
apirdl<i
D. 2.
3.
X^rov
Xi^rov
^ovXcv(rov
PouXcvfTOv
Wjiir«Tov
ir<|iir€TOv
dpird^<Tov
dpird|[cTov
V. 1.
2.
3.
Xt^oficv, wc loose
Xd«T€, you loose
X^ovo-i, they loose
PovXcvofMv
PovXcViTC
PovXcvouQ-i
ir^|iiro|uv
7r^|Air<T«
dpirdSofuv
dpird(«T(
dpird];ov<ri
56.
&Y«», /ead, carry, bring.
lipirdSw, seue, roft, plunder.
PovXcvw, p/a/j, ;)/()^
?X«», Aawe, hold.
Xw«, /oose, destroy, break.
irrffjnrw, S(?u(i,
'EXXuviKyj, adj., (7rceA;.
VOCABULARY.
iri»Xn, r]i, 17, r/a^e.
<|>vXaKV), Tji, i), guard, garrison.
ii (before a vowel), ^k (before a consonant),
prep, with gen., out of, from (a proclitic).
ow (before a consonant), ovk (before the smooth
bre;ithi!ig), sA^ (before the rougli brcatiung),
adv., not (a proclitic).
i
PUEtiKNT INDIVATIVK ACTIVE.
11
rown an
ft, from
)«, loose.,
dl«, rob
dj;<is
iiu
Ltoficv
i]|ov<rt
isonant),
itic).
B smooth
bathing),
57. 1. fiov\ev€L. 2. kvovcTL. 3. ^xet9. 4. Tre/oiTrct?.
5. excTc. 0. fiovkevofiep. 7. ctyw. 8. dpirdiu. 9. a>7ra-
Jcre. 10. TTCflTTOVO-L.
58. 1. IFo plunderH. 2. Wo load. 3. Thoy plan. 4. You
solid, f). J looso.
^59. 1. dyo) (TTpariav *E\Xr}VLKyp. 2. ra? /caXa? 0-^7/1.(^5
Xvovo-t. 3. ovx dpTrd^o) rd<; Kcofjid^. 4. ttiu (fivKaKrjv
dyovdLU^ Ik t^v (TKrju^u. 5. cxovaLp ot/cta? /caXa?. G. at
/CW/Xat TTuXd? OVAC ixOVO-LU.^ 7. OlJ TT€fl7rOfl€P T7)V (f>vXaK7Ju.
S.dpndCeTe ttjv x^P^^ / 9- eV rwi/ /cai//,w»/ ttc^ttci tt^v (rrpa-
nap. 10. €K T^9 dyopa? dyet? 7771/ *E\\7;^t/c^j, (jivXaKrjv;
«<). 1. Has he a Greek guard? 2. We are not destroying
the gates. 3. I am sending a garrison. 4. You liave a beauti-
ful liouse. 5. He is not plundering the houses in the village.
Note. — 1 For 1/ movable, see 17.
No. 4. The Slaying of the Suitors.
^
14
FEMININES IN ALPHA {SHOUT).
i
LESSON VI.
A-Declension. — Feminines in a.
61. A few feminines end in a (short). This a appears only
in the nominative, accusative, and vocative singuhir The
genitive and dative have a, if e, i, or p precedes, otherwise t,.
62.
N. V.
o.
D.
A.
Y<<f>vpa,
BHIDOE.
■y^^vpa
7C()>vpas
■y€<J)vpq.
Y^<t>vpav
D. N. A.V. 'Y«<t>tip3
G. D. Y<*^^PCl^V
p. N. V.
o.
D.
Y^4>«]ipai
'YC(|>vpuv
Yc<|>i$pais
Yci|>vpa$
PARADIGMS.
OAXarra,
' SEA.
OdXarra
OoXdTTTJS
OoXAtttj
OdXarrav
BoXdrra
OoXdrraiv
OdXarrai
oaXaTToiv
doXdrrais
floX '.Tras
a. For the accent, see 35, 21, 39.
Iidxaipa dvaeVj,
A GOOD SABRK.
ftdxoipa d^aO^
Hoxafpos dYaOfjs
liaxaCpqi dYaOfi
Hdxaipav dYaO^iv
(laxafpa dYaOi
t^axaCpaiv dYaOaiv
Hdxoipai dYaOoC
)iaxaipwv dYaOuv
|*axa(pois dYaOais
|*oxa(pas dYaGds
No. 5. "/idxatpa dyae-f).
FEMININES IN ALPHA {SHORT).
16
ars only
•. The
me r\.
BRE.
yaOf)s
yaefi
yaOaiv
faOaC
aOais
03.
VOCABULARY.
&Ha|o, ijy, ^, waf/on. No. 13.
Y<(|>vpa, or, 17, bridge.
OdXaTTtt, 77J, 17, sea.
Itdxaipa, aj, ^ (c/-. ^dx?;), A;ni/e, saln-e.
No. T).
iif<\Ttj, 77J, ^, sAieW, tor«7e«. No. 18.
Tpdircja, t;s, ^, iaWe. No. 4.
&.yo»{\y adj., flrood, 6mve.
oTTcv^, adj., narrow.
€ts, prep, will) ace, m«o, )!o (a pro-
clitic).
i-nl, prep.: with gen., on, upon; with
dat., on, by, at; with aec, ujson, /!o,
against.
7. €m T,,^ ^'aXarra.- oi« iya, r^ <^v\aK,V. 8. ^.V^«,
Z3' ^"''"'' "''""^"' " ^"^"^^^ '^'
es. 1. We are destroying the tables. 2. They are not
plundonng the wagons. 3, The bridges were long a.fd nlrrow
4. s he bringing the sabres on the wagon? 5 He does Zi
lead the garrison from the villages to the sea.
No. 6. Attic Four Drachma Piece.
16
IMPKUFKCT INDICATIVE AVTIVK.
*
LESSON VII.
Imperfect Indicative Active.
««. In tlio socoiulary tenses (f.O) of (lie indicalivo, tlio verb
receives an Aikjmknt {i.e. incri'(ti<r) at the beginning.
«7. Augment is of two kinds :
1. SyUahii', augment, wbieli i)rerixes c to verbs beginning
with a consonant, as \vw, imperfect ^-\vov, 1 was looumj.
2. Temporal augment, wliieli lengthens tlie lirst syUabh? of
verl)s beginning with a vowel or diphthong, as aV. inii)erfect
y)you, I was leaMtH/. When augnuMited, a and c become 7\;
I, 0, V become i, <o, ii ; ai and q, become -[I ; oi becomes <^.
a. txM irmgulavly has the iiuporfoct ef^ov.
«8. The imperfect indicative represents an action as going
on in. pixst time, as eXvov, I wa^ looshnj or 1 loosed.
m.
PARADIQMS.
8. 1.
2.
3.
fXuov
<Xv(s
;Xvi
^PovXcvov
^^ovXcvcs
j^ovXcvc
firtiiffov
TjpTralov
TJpiralJts
tipirajc
i>. 2.
3.
iXdtTOV
4Xv<TtJV
^PovXcvCTOV
4PovXcv^rT)v
iir«|iir<TTjv
TipirdJcTov
T|piraJ«TTiv
p. 1.
4XvO(iCV
^PovX<iio)icv
^ir^p,irofi.cv
T|pirdtoficv
O
A.-.
3.
i\A
C/\UlTt
cXvov
CpOvX{V€T«
iPovXcvov
JTT^fiirCTC
lirCfJlTTOV
T|pTrd^€T€
'Hpira^ov
IMVKUFKCT INDTCATIVK AdTIVK.
17
tho vimI
•i»
/.
lablo (rf
HJorfoct
oino r\ ;
0.
s going
^ITOV
^OfiCV
7<>. V(HbH hiivo rocesslvo accuMit (r,;j). Rut, under t]i(3
general laws, tlie accent H()nuainu^s shifts (l!>), as ^Xvov, iUofieu
etc., sometimes changes (lil), as dxo,, / W, «>/xe«., ^/;. had.
Review the meanhujs of all the wonls yiren in the rocahulnries of Lemm,
i i I • — V i %
8. cVe/iTTC. 9. rjpTrdCofiev.
71. 1. iXvere. 2. 'jjyoj/.
G. cr^e. 7. ey8ou\cu€9.
10. ijSovXevofxep.
7a. 1 Iloasod. 2.W«IuuI. 3. YouHcnt. 4. Ho ,,la„„,Ml.
o. Uiey iiliimleiod.
^ 73. 1 ^ oiVtd ^.J^d? KaXa? dxt. 2. T^, ,ji„\aKV
oiKias. 4. ,p,7a^€s 7^5 o-«,,.-d9; 5. e'/c r^s oiVw? oi«
/. a,tafa9 e.- rg dyop^ erj^tre. 8. eVl rr,p 0d\aTTau ^yop
r,, a/.af^5 ,ye;-.' 10. ,t>v\a^i,„ 'EWnuc^i,,, .W>^oae^ «',
T171/ ayopap.
74. 1. He was destroying the tents. 2. We did not send
the ^^arnson to the bridge. 3. They plnndered the wagons.
4. 1 hey did not lead the army from the village. 5. You led
the guard from the houses to tlie sea.
Note. — » For >/ movable, see 17.
■tmmmm
18
0-DECLENHlON.
LESSON VIII.
'0-Declension.
75. Nouns of the 0-Declension end in os (masculine, rarely
feminine) or in ov (neuter).
76.
8. N.
G.
D.
A.
V.
X670S, 6,
WORD.
Xdyos, word
\6-yov, of a word
PARADIGMS.
6 d^aOos av6p(i)iros,
THE GOOD MAN.
6 A-yoOis dvflpwiros
Tov dfyaOov dvOpwirov
U-^i^.tooxforaword t« d^yaO^ dvep(iiri|>
Xd'yov, word rhv d-yaGiv dvepwirov
Xd-yi, O word &7a8« fivOpwirc
D. N. A.v. Xd-yw
o. D. X6"Y0iv
T« d-ya9« dv0p<iir»
Toiv d-yaOoiv dvOptSiroiv
p. N.
O.
D.
A.
V.
\6■io^.,^oords ol dvaOol fivepwiroi
X6-y«v,o/ words t«v d-yaOwv dvepciirwv
X6«yois,«o or/or words tois d^yoeols dveptiwois
Xd-yovs, words Tois d-yaeoi^ dvep(iirows
X6701, words A^ttflo^ dvep«iroi
a. For the accent, see 21 (final 01 is short, 23),
forms 6, ol are proclitic (26).
h. Observe the cases that are alike (30).
T& KoX&v 8»pov,
THE FINE GIFT.
rh KoXov Supov
TOV KoXoV 8<&pOV
TW KoXip 8(&p((>
TO KoXiv SupOV
KoX&v Supov
TM KaXu 8(&pA>
Toiv KoXoiv 8(opoiv
Td KoXd Supa
T«V KaXwv 8*ip«v
Tois KaXot$ 8(&poi$
Td KoXd 8upa
KoXd 8upa
22, 24, 35, 36. The
0-DECLENSION.
19
le, rarely
\.bv 8»pov,
riNB GIFT.
iXov Swpov
i\ov 8<&pov
xKff S&ptf
aXhv Supov
txKbv Supov
a,\w 8(&pa>
aXoiv 8(&poiv
aXd 8upa
aXuv 8(&puv
a\ot$ 8(&poi$
oXd 8upa
aXd 8upa
), 36. The
i
77. The masculine and neuter of the adjectives thus far
given follow the O-Declension, the feminine the A-Declension.
The nominative singular, therefore, ends in os, t^ or a, ov
(Latin us, a, urn), as follows ;
dYa06s, dvaevi, d^aGdv, good. ^aKpds, F^aKp*, ^aKpiv, long.
•EWTjviKds, 'EWriviK^, 'EXXTjviKdv, GreeA-. ^iKp6s, tilKpii, ^liKpdv, Zi«/e.
KaKos, KaK^, KaK6v, bad, cowardly. o-T*vds, o-rcvVj, <rT«v6v, narrow.
Ka\6s, KaX^, KaX6v, beautiful. <|,op.p6s, <|,op«piS, «j»op«p6v, /n^;i</Mi.
78.
VOCABULARY.
fiv9p(Diros, ou, 6, ^, man, human being,
Lat. Aomy,
I'lriros, 01/, 6, Aorse. No. 23.
Xd-yos, ov, 6, word, speech.
irdX(|ios, ov, 6, loar.
<rvp.}Aaxos, ov, 6, ally.
8c3pov, 01/, t6, gift.
irtSiov, ov, t6, plain.
\apLov, ov, t6 {cf. x^pa), Small place,
place, spot.
Kttl . . . Ka(, both . . . and.
a. The article placed after the noun indicates its gender, 6 the mas-
cuhne, ij the feminine, to the neuter.
^ 79. 1. Swpa inefirre rf, crrparia; 2. eV t$ x^P^^ VO^au
OLKtaL. 3. 6 7r6Xefxos cf>o/3eph, ^v. 4. eU rh nehiov Letinev
ai^OpcoiTovs. 5. T0V9 Ttt^ov? dyofxev iK rod x<opCov. 6. eV
T(? TreStV Vo-ap Kal Ittttol Kal avOpcoTroi. 7. hS>pa Tr^tTro-
ixev Tols (TvixixdxoL^. 8. o^ cT^iJLixaxoi iv iroXe'ficp KaKol
iqcrav. ^ 9^ ol rwv avfxfxdxcov \6yoL KaXol ^aav. ' 10. eV
rw TreSto) i^crat' ot tS)v avOpoiTraiv Ittttol.
80. 1. The allies had horses. 2. I led the horse into the
village. 3. The place was narrow. 4. The man was a cownrd
{t.e. cowardly) in war. 5. He sent horses to the allies.
I
20
0-DECLENSION,
LESSON IX.
0-Declension (continued).
The
81. Learn the declension of the definite article in 758.
vocative does not occur. Greek, like Latin, has no indefinite
article.
82.
; ■
oivos, O,
WINE.
9. N.
olvos
O.
OlbVOV
D.
oVvo)
A.
olvov
V.
olvc
D. N. A.V.
oKvca
0. V.
ol^voiv
P. N. V.
otvoi
O.
otvuv
D.
ol'vois
A.
ollvovs
PARADIGMS.
Tj CTcvt] o86s,
UK NAUKOW
UOAD.
T| <rT€VTl
686s
TfjS (TTCvfjS
68o0
Tfi <rT€V^
68u
TTJV 0"T€VTJV
686v
<rT«vi]
68^
T« 0-T€VO
68<&
Toiv <rT€vaiv
68oiv
ol <rT€val
68o(
TWV O-TCVWV
68wv
rats o-TCvais
68ois
TCis (TTcvas
oSovs
irXoiOv fiiaKptSv,
A LONd IJOAT.
irXoiov |iaKp6v
irXoCov iiaKpov
irXoCip iiaKpi^
irXoiov |iaKp6v
irXolOv |jiaKp6v
irXoCo) |iaKp<&
irXoCoiv {laKpoiv
irXoia (laKpd
irXo((i>v |iaKpuv
irXoCois [laKpois
irXoia liaKpd
a. Adjectives agree with their nouns not only in case and number but
also in gender. See the Rule of Syntax in 805. The adjective, there-
fore, may be of the A-Declension while the noun is of the 0-Declension,
as in ly arrevrj oSos above.
b. A postpositive v^^ord is one which is never placed first in its sentence,
but generally second.
0-DECLENSION.
21
'58. The
indefinite
|iiaKp6v,
(i IJOAT.
' |iaKp6v
) jiaKpov
[laKpc^
/ |iaKp6v
V (laKpdv
I |iaKp(&
IV |jiaKpoiv
. (laKpd
IV [jiaKpuv
IS p.aKpois
. |JiaKpd
lumber but
3tive, there-
Declension,
ts sentence,
83.
Kvpos, ou, 6, Cyrus.
68ds, oD, 17, roa(Z, way.
olvos, ou, 6, wine.
iroTa)i<Ss, oO, 6, riuer.
<rTponiY<is, oO, 6, general.
4>av{p6s, 4, 6v, adj., t« pfain
siy/i<, visible, evident.
VOCABULARY.
6t|p(ov, 01^, t6, wild beast.
J5irXov, ou, t6, implement, plur. arwis. No. 19.
irXoiov, ov, t6, 6oa<. No. 7.
t6{ov, oy, t6, bow. No. 14.
6, Tj, t6, tlie (lef. art., ^Ae.
w, interj. with voc, O.
U, conj., 6u<, and (a postpositive).
^ 84. 1. orrevr) 7jv r) 6809. 2. eV tw TreStw ^i/^ 0r)pCa.
". TO, TrXota /xa/cpa 171^.^ 4. eVt tw iroTafK^ rjv 6 a-Tparrjyos.
5. rdfa Se, c3 Ku/)e, ov/c ixofieu. 6. 686? (jiavepa dyet cts
ra§ Toi) Ku/)ov Kw/xcts. 7. et? to 7re8toi^ 6 (TTpaTrjyo^ eVe/XTrc
row? iTTTTov?. 8. rw o-TpaTTjy^ ohov KC/do? eTre^Tre. 9. 17
6S09, w Kvpe, ayet et? 7re8io^ /caXoV. 10. 'Jyoj/ ol Ittttoi
Kai Toifq (TTpaTT^yovq koX tol onXa.
85. 1. Cyrus sent gifts to the generals. 2. He led the
horse into the river. 3. The general had ships of war.2
4. We are sending the wine to Cyrus. 6. The generals sent
horses to Cyrus.
Notes. — 1 A neuter plural subject in Greek regularly has its verb in
the singular. See the Rule of Syntax in 802. — 2 ,rAoTa ,iaKp<l Cf. Latin
naues longae.
No. 7. Bronze Boat used as a Lamp.
22 FUTURE ANJJ FlliU T A OlUti T INJJl CA TI VF A C TI VE.
\
I!
■ i I
»:
LESSON X.
Future and First Aorist Indicative Active.
Hi
8.
PARADIGMS.
KUTLfRE.
KIUST AOHIsr.
FUTURK.
FIRST AORIST
s.
1.
X?{(rw, T shall loofe
ifXO<ra, I loosed
ni\i.}^w
(ir€)Atj/a
2.
Xvo-iis, i/ou will loose
(XCo-as, you loosed
ir^fii\{/«is
circft^as
3.
\'6<rti, he will loose
fXOo-c, he loosed
ir^fi\)/€i
circ(it|/c
I).
2.
Xtf<r€Tov
iK^a-arov
Tr^fJllj/CTOV
M\i.^arov
3.
\'!J<r«Tov
iXCo-dnjv
iriykr^trov
Jirc(ii{/dTT|v
p. 1. X\J<ron«v, toe shall loose ^Xtf<ra|ji€v, we loosed ir<fjnj/o|jicv i-ni\i.^a\uv
2. Xw(r€T«, yow will loose iX^a-art, you loosed W|jn|/tT€ ^irc/Avj/aTc
3. Xwo-ovo-i, <:Aey ivill loose cXvorav, ^Aey /oose'i ircn^/ouo-i «7refi\|>ov
•
87. The aorist indicative expresses the simple occurrence
of an action in past time; the imperfect (68) expresses its
continuance.
88. The future adds <r« to the verb stem (54), the first
aorist adds <ra. The aorist, as a secondary tense, has augment
(66, 67).
89. If the verb stem ends in a vowel, the stem may not be
afTected by the addition of cro) and o-a, as Xu-w, \v-<t(o, eXv-aa ;
/BovXev-Q), ^ovXev-aco, i^ovXev-aa.
90. If the verb stem ends in a mute (7), euphonic changes
occur :
IVK
ilST AOIIIST.
^ir^)it|/aTov
lir^|ii{/a)jicv
^irc'fi,\|/aT{
iTr(fi\{rav
ocurrence
'esses its
the first
augment
y not be
eXv-aa ;
changes
FUTURE A ND FTTiS T A Oli IS T INDICA TIVK AC TIVE. 28
1. A TT-mute (IT p 4)) unites witli or aiul forms \|; (0), as 7re>7r-a),
Tre^yjrQ) (7re/i7r-o-(w), eTrefiyjra (eVe/uTr-cra).
2. A Af-nuite (k 7 x) '»"ites with or and forms | (!)), as Bkok-o),
puntie, Buo^(o {SicoK-aw), iBiw^a (eSitoK-a-a),
3. A T-nuite (T 8 9) l)ef()ro <r is (h-opped, as dpTrd^co (verb stem
dp-nah), dpirdaw {dp-rrah-ao)), tjpTraaa (r/pTraB-aa).
91. Some verbs Lu'k the first aorist. Sucli verbs often have
a SecOxND aorist, which ends in ov, and is cionjugated exactly
like tlic imperfect (00), as dyco, d^co, svvoud aorist Tjyayov,
I led, riyaye^i, you led, .'jyaye, he led. etc., ^x^, k'^o), second
aorist eaxov, J had, eo-^e?, i/oii had, eax€, he had, etc.
a. The breathing of the future €$o) is irregular.
92. The present infinitive active ends in civ, as X^€ip, to
loose, 7r€fjL7r€iv, to send, etc.
i)ii. Compound verbs consist of a preposition and a simple
verb. If tlie preposition ends in a vowel and the simple verb
begins witli one, the vowel of the preposition is generally
elided (10). Compound verbs take the augment between the
preposition and the simple verb. If two vowels are thus
brought together, the first is generally elided, as eTn-^ovXevco,
plot agaiuHt, imperfect CTr-e/SovXevov.
94.
VOCABULARY.
aepo£S« (verb stem ddpoid), depo£o-w,
TJOpoio-a, collect.
SiwKw, 8i(6|w, ^8£o)|a, pursue.
eiri-PovXtuw, tiri.povXtvtrw, iir-ifioi\(v-
o-a, plot against.
K(\(v<a, KcXcvo-u, cK^Xcvo-a, command.
d8c\(|>6s, ov, 6, brother.
PdpPapos, ou, 6, barbarian. No. 57.
)ti(r06s, oO, 6, pay.
iroX^fiios, a, ou {cf. Tr6\e/j.os), hostile;
as noun, oi voXi/xioi, the enemy.
TdTf, adv., then, at that time.
i£'-'.:JSmS
»;
I
f
24
FUTURE AND FIRST AORIST INDICATIVE ACTIVE.
96. 1. e^ovcTL. 2. TjOpoKTav. 3. Tre/ii/zeTe. 4. cKcXeu-
cra?. 5. eVt^ovXeucro/xe^'. 6. eStw^are. 7. r^yayoyiev.
8. afere. 9. eicr^^es. 10. rjpirdarafjLev.
96. 1. I shall pursue. 2. We shall have. 3. We com-
manded. 4. He will collect. 5. They led (second aorist).
97. 1. ov StGjfoj Toix; 7ro\e/>ttov9. 2. to, Soipa i^ofxev ,'
3. ra? aKiqva^ dpTrdaovaiv ol /SdpfiapoL. 4. /ceXeucret toi/
(TTpaTrjyov tov<; dp6p(0TT0v<s \v€lv. 5. rovs (Tvixfxd^ov<i
Tjyayev etg {among) tovs fiapfidpov;- 6. Kupos imPovXevo-eL
rw d8eX<jf»ft>.^ 7. Tots dv9 p(tiTTOi<; Tore €7re/ii//€ Kv/)09 fiicrdov.
8. 6 8e (TTpaTr)yo<s tyjv (JyvXaKrjv eo"^e t'j)?^' *E\X')7^'tK:l7^'.^
9. €15 TO TreSiov dOpoicrei tov^ (his) 'FjX\r)i'LKOv<; crvpLiid^ov^.
10. KoX iiri TTjv y4(f)vpav top aTpaTr)'^ou irefjiTreLv e/ceXeixre
Kvpos (j^vXaKijv.
98. 1. The barbarians sent the , man. 2. The generals
brought (second aorist) horses at that time. 3. Will Cyrus
send good wine to the general ? 4. He will not plot against
the allies. 5. He will command the general to pursue the
enemy.
Notes. — ^ The dative follows the compound verb. See the Rule in
865. Note also that the article is here used, as often, instead of the pos-
sessive pronoun, his brother . — ^ We might have rr^v 'EW^^vik^i/ <f>v\aKrjv
or <jiv\aKr]v rrfv 'EWrjVLKi^v. See the Kule in 812.
VE.
MASCULINES OF THE A-UECLENSION,
25
ydyofxev.
We com-
)rist).
e^ofxev ;
ivcrei Tov
(Xfidxovq
buXeucret
fiLcrOov.
Lfid)(ovf;.
eKeXeixre
generals
11 Cyrus
t against
irsue the
le Rule in
)f the pos-
4
LESSON XL
A-Decleusion — Masculines.
99. Masculines of the A-Declension end in as or r\s (37).
If €, I, or p precedes they end in as, otherwise in r^s.
100. Learn the declension of vcavias, ^ou7ii/ man, arparKa-
TTis, soldier, ircXTao-Tiis, targeteer, and Ilepcnis, Persian, in 740.
101. Masculines in as or i^s differ from feminines in a or i^
(38, 44) only in the nominative and genitive singular, except
that those in ti^s and names signifying nationality with nomi-
native in T]s have the vocative singular in a (short).
102.
VOCABULARY.
Ew4)poTt]s, ov, 6, the Euphrate3.
vcav(as, ov, 6, young man.
6tT\tTt\s, OV, 6 (cf. SirXov), heavy-armed foot soldier,
hoplite. No. 8.
ircXrao-Ti^s, ov, 6, targeteer (named from his shield,
ttAtt;). No. 10.
n^po-tjs, ov, 6, a Persian. No. 11.
o-TpariwTTjs, ov {cf. (TTparii), 6, soldier.
to|6tt]s, ov, 6, bowman (named from his bow,
t6^ov). No. 13.
8«|i6s, d, 6p, right (as opposed to left),
TpiaK(S(rioi, ai, a, 300.
o{It€ . . . oiJT€, adv. , neither . . . nor.
o-vv, prep, with dat., with, in company with, Lat. cum.
No. 8.
Greek Warrior.
26 PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.
103. 1. (TTpaTi(OTd<; KOL LTTTTOV^ dOpoLorct) TO) ^ Kvpco.
2. 6 oe pedpid^ toI<; a-Tpariayrai^ ine^ovkeve. 3. inl top
l^v<^paTy)v TTOTafjLov afa tov^; crrpartwrd?. 4. /cat tov§ (7ui>
TO) crTpaTTjyoj oTrXtrd? rjyayov et? K^iidq. 5. 701^ Wipciqv
7)yay€v et? 7171^ 7oi) aTpaTicoTov arKrjvyjp, 6. 06 (TrpaTLwraL
iv (jivXaKYJ e^ov^L tov<; Ilepcrd?. 7. 70j/ EvcftpaTiqp noTafjLOP
ei^ oegta e^et. o. o oe crrpaTrjyo^ ovre roqoTrjv et^ez^ ov7e
TrekTacTTrjv. 9. (rui^ 7019 (Az's) 7reXTacr7at? i^LcoKe 701;?
To^6Td<^. 10. 6 8e aTpaTrjyo^; TpidKocrLOv^ 677X17019 /cat
7re\7acr7a9 fX^*"
104. 1. The general was not leading the hoplites. 2. Both
the targeteers and the bowmen were brave. 3. The young
man was in the village. 4. They sent hoplites and targeteers.
5. He will send beautiful gifts to the Persians.
XoTEs. — 1 Proper names may take the article. — '^ iv Se^ia, on his
right (handy
LESSON XII.
Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Active.
105. The perfect and pluperfect, in all the moods, have a ^*
Reduplication, which is the mark of completed action. j
10(5. Verbs beginning with a single consonant (except p) ;
are reduplicated in the perfect by preiixing that consonant '
followed by €, as Xvco, \e-Xvica. A rough mute (7) is changed |
to the cognate (8) smooth, as ^uw, sacrifice., re-dvKa.
'IV E.
I ^ Kvpoi.
. eVt Tov
Tovq avv
'^ Yiipcnqv
rpaTLCoraL
TTOTafJiOV
IX^^ ovre
ji)K€ Tov<;
Ltrct? /cat
2. Both
lie young
argeteers.
fta, on his
is, have a /
111. j
except p) ;
consonant ,'
; changed j
PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICA FIVE ACTIVE. 27
107. In verbs beginning with two consonants (except a
mute and a hquid), with a double consonant (| i|; J), or with
the reduplication is represented by a simple €, as arparevc^
I make mi expedition, iarpdrevKa.
108 In verbs beginning with a short vowel or diphthoncj
tlie reduplication has the form of the temporal augment (67, 2)
as apnaim, rjpTraKU.
10» Wlien the reduplicated perfect begins with a conso-
nant, the pluperfect prefixes the syllabic augment e to the
re.luphcation. as X.'Xv.a, iX,XC.^. ]„ other cases the pluper-
lect generaly keeps the reduplication of the perfect without
cliange, as rjpwaKa, ^pttokj;-
1
110.
PARADIGMS.
FIRST
l'KKFf:CT.
FIRST
PLUPERFKCT.
FIRST FIRST
PKRFKCT. I'LirPERFECT.
I). 2. XcXvKarov
ti. XcXvKarov
tXeXvKeTov
eX€XvK€TT]V
lipirdKOTOV TJpTrdKtTOV
ripirdKarov TJpTraKcVtjv
3. X.Wa,t, Me;, Sa». a.XWav, tte,, tei ^p^^^j^ T '
loosed / , TjpiroKao-i TjpiraK«rov
111. The first perfect adds Ka, the first pluperfect k,,, to
the reduplicated theme. '
28 PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.
4
t|
112. In vowel verbs the stem may not be affected by adding
Ka and kt^, as ^ovXevo), ^e^ovXev-Ka^ i^e^ovXev-Kt]., KeXevo),
KetceXev-Ka^ iK€K€Xev-Krj.
a. ex<t) has the irregular forms ta^rjKa, ia)(^Kr}.
113. Verbs whose stem ends in a x-mute (t 8 6) drop
the mute before Ka and kt], as adpoi^co (adpoiS), rjdpoc-Ka^
rj6poi-Kr}.
114. Some verbs whose stem ends in a ir-mute (ir p <|))
or a K-mute (k y \) add a and ti\ instead of Ka and ki^, and
aspirate the final letter of the stem, changing ir and p to <|),
and K and y to x.^ as
7re/i,7rft), ireTrofx^a (with change of e of the stem to o),
dyo), 7)X-a, rJX'V'
115. The perfects and pluperfects just described (114) are
called Second perfects and pluperfects.
116.
VOCABULARY.
J
8i-apirdt(i>, 8t,-apird(rti), Si-'/jpirao-a, 8i-
VjpiraKa, plunder completely, sack.
6va), 6var(i), c6vo-a, t^Ovku, sacrifice.
No. 9.
o-TparcvM, <rTpaT€v<ra), co-rpdrcvcra,
^orrpdrtvKa (c/. (XTparid, crTpaTtcin;?),
make an exj^edition.
SSpsiKds, oO, 6, dark (a gold coin).
No. 22.
0c«Ss, oO, 6, 7], god, goddess.
KX^apxos, ov, 6, Clearchus.
SpKos, ov, 6, oath.
cj)6Pos, ov {cf. (po^epbi), o, fear.
•ydp, conj., for (a postpositive).
8id, prep.: with gGn.,through; with ace,
on account of.
Tfpds, prep,: with gen., over against;
with dat., at ; with ace, to, against^
towards.
^IVE.
by adding
8 6) drop
, rjdpoL-Ka^
te (tt P <|))
d Ki^, and
id p to <|),
tern to o),
i (114) are
fear.
itive).
gh; with ace,
OtJcr aydinst ,'
:., to, against,
PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.
29
117. 1. io-xVKare. 2. c'XeX^Vet. 8. eVryoareu/cdcr/..
4. re^uKe. 5. eo-X7?/C7;. 0. ^pnaKafieu. 7. SirjpTrdKecrap.
j 8. neirofi^a,. 9. eVe/ceXeuVeo-a./. ]0. eVtySe^ouXevKaVt.
; 118. 1. Wo have had. 2. T had commanded. 3. They
liad pursued. 4. You liave sent. 5. He lias plotted against.
11 J). 1. T0U9 TToXefiLov^ SeSicoxafxev Bl^ tS^v Kcofi^j, el<;
r^v edXarrav. 2. Kal ra^ a>afa9 o£ ^a>;ga/)ot hir^p^dKe-
(Tav. 8. r/)ta/coo-t'oi;5 Sapet/coi)? eVe7ro>(/>e/xei. rol? OTrXtVat?.
4. K\ea/,xo9 8^ ine^e/BovXevKei toIs Hepcrat?. 5. o^ arpa-
TL^raL rhv dvOpcoTrou ^x^aav irpo^ Kvpov. 6. oijK iKEKe^
\€VK€L 6 KX^apxo^ ro»^9 aTparicord^; Oteiv. 7. eVt r7)i. r^^
iTo\ep.icov x<^pdp icrrparevKare. 8. XeXvVacrt ro^? (^A.^V)
OP/.OV9 ol crr/,aTT;yot . ot^ ydp redvKdcTL roh SeoU.
^•-ndpoLKa^, CO Kv/)€, eVl 70^9 ^ap^dpov, roh, neXracrrd,
Ka. Tov, roS6Td,. 10. ol 8^ crrpar.ciirat rd, df^d^d,
eXeXvK€CTai^ Scd rhv (their) j^v iroUp^io^v ^6fiov.
120. 1. We have broken our oaths. 2. The soldiers had
sacrihced to the gods. 3. Have the peltasts sacked the villages ^
4.1 he soldier has plotted against Cyrus. 5. His brother had
ordered Cyrus to send gifts.
0!ML
No. 9. Sacrifice.
nwmil ii
^^..W....»,:,-..j-fp,,.....««.»^
30
THE ART OF HEADING.
LESSON XIII.
K 1
The Art rf '^ ■<\(\mg,
121. In reading an inflected language, such as Greek, the
knowledge of three things is absolutely necessary: flrst, of
'Words; secondly, of fonns ; thirdly, of eonsfrncfions.
122. The acquisition of this knowledge is gradual. The pupil should
commit thoroughly to memory the meaning of each new word as it occurs ;
he should learn ihe forma of the different cases, tenses, and numbers so
accurately, the first time the paradigms occur, as to be able instantly to
recognize these forms thereafter at sight ; and as he reads, he should care-
fully note the laws of construction, especially those which differ from the
corresponding constructions in Latin and English.
123.
DIRECTIONS FOR READING.
1. Read each sentence aloud in the original. Pronounce each
word distinctly.
In reading^
a. Obserre sharply the forma of the words, so as to become at once aware
of their (jrammatical relations.
b. Make the utmost effort of memory to recall the meanings of loords already
met.
c. Follow the Greek order strictly in arriving at the thought. Observe care-
fully the order of the words and the 7na7'h of punctuation.
2. If the thought expressed in the sentence is not perfectly
clear, repeat the ivhole process.
3. Translate the sentence into simple., idiomatic English.
inrT"
Greek, the
y: first, of
inipil should
as it occurs ;
I numbers so
3 instantly to
^ should care-
ffer from the
lounce each
It once aware
ivords already
Observe care-
>t perfectly
glish.
124.
THE ART OF READING.
VOCABULARY.
81
apxn> ^y- ^7. ride, province, satrapy.
Aap€ios, ov, 6, Darius II.
8€iv6s, T], 6v, terrible, skilful.
l<rxUp<5s, d, 6v, strong ; xuplov laxvphu.
stronghold.
ncpo-iKds, -n, 6v {cf. n^pavs), Persian.
o-aTpdmis, ov, 6, satrap, viceroy.
vios, ov, 6, son.
^rt, conjunctive adv., so as, so that,
wherefore.
125.
READING LESSON.
The Parentage, Race, and Power of Cyrus the Younger.
Kdpos, 6 rod Adpe^ov vl6,, Uepcrrj, ^v ,aXh, Kal dya-
^o.. jrarpanrj. 8e avrh. i^olr^^,, 6 Adpelo, r^, Avsk
KUL r>?9 (D^vyta? /cat r^? KaTTTraSo/cm?.
X-P^a S^ l.^,pd elx^u eV rfj dp^y 6 Kvpo, Kal nXola
5 f^aKpa eu rrj 0aXarry, Kal crrpar.^ra. 8^ avr^ eV rii
X-pa ^crau dyaOol, hnXlra. 'EXXrj..Kol Kal .^Xracrral
Kat TO^OTai UepCTLKOL.
Xe^.o, ,,., rare S o.V. eWp^reue. .V airo. oire S.^pnaC.
vco, 8e ro„ A^p^^ov ■ .We i>6^o. el^e. 6 T.<.<.a^e>l
TTpoc: Kvpov. T r n
I oyiiiax m 804. — 0. «, avrtv : a case of e(«,„„ (16),
mrmmm
shtm^rf- -:*
32
ADJECTIVES OF THE VOn'EL DECLENSION.
^ m:
.. , ii! k-
m
i r
I
LESSON XIV.
Adjectives of the Vowel Declension.
12(>. liCiirii ilio (leclonsion of d^aOds, (/ood^ and of (l|ios,
worth//., ill 750.
127. The inasculiiic «iiul neuter of these adjectives follow
the 0-l)eelensioii, tlie feminine the A-Deelension. They are,
therefore, said to be of the Vowel Declension QU).
128. If €, I, or p precedes os, the nominative singular
feminine ends in a, otherwise in t] (37).
12J). The nominativo, genitive, and vocative plural feminine follow the
accent of the masculine, as a^iai (following the accent of a^tos, like a|toi),
not d^i'tti (from the nominative singular d^ta), and d^iwi/, not d^iaii/ as in
nouns of the A-Declension.
130. Some adjectives of the Vowel Declension have the
masculine and feminine alike, as (iTropos, diropos» (liropov,
impassable., impracticable. •
131.
VOCABULARY.
aYpios, o, ov, wild.
agios, d, ov, worthy^ hecoining, right.
airopos, ov, xoithont resources,' imjmss-
able, impracticable.
'ApTog^plns, ov, 6, Artaxerxes IT.
sTnT^Seios, a, ov, suitable, fit, deserving;
rd iviTT^deia, provisions, supplies.
6voSf ov, 6, ass.
dtpOios, a, ov, steep.
ira£w, iraCo-w, ciraicra, ir^traiKa, strike,
hit, beat.
irdvw, adv., very, altogether, wholly.
irio-Tos, tJ, 6v, faithful, trustworthy.
4>(Xios, d, ov, friendly.
N.
ADJECTIVES OF TIIK VOW EI. Dh'CLKNSlOIV.
33
d of (l|ios,
ives follow
'I'hey are,
ve singular
ine follow the
J, like a^toi),
) diidv as in
I have the
St (iiropov,
(iraiKa, strike,
ler, wholly,
ustworthy.
l.'J2. 1. ovoL dypioi KoX Irnroi iv r^ ttcSiw ^aav. 2. h
opdid, 4. e?o/xei. Se, c3 Kv/ae, ra cmrTySeta; 5. 6 'Apra-
6 o-ar/jaTTT;? roi;? a-r/^arto^Td?. 7. r^z. TTo\ep.idv x<^pdp
^dpelo, ScrfpTTdKeL. S. c;Jo-t€ rai 'Apra^ep^y nduv noXefjLLos
y^, Kvpco S€ 7rta-ro9. 1). ou/c d^Lou ^v {it was not rtf/ht) rai
oTrXtrrj iraUiv rov^ lUpa-LKop ToS6rrjp: 10. ol UepcraL ovre
(j)i\ioL ovT€ TTLCTTol yaav.
Uiii. 1. The road was iinpassa1)I(;. 2. Cyrus did not send
provisions to the garrison. ;i They will lead the men to
stronoliohls. 4. Tlie lioplites were good and faithful sohliers.
e). It was right for (Jyrus to send gifts to his soldiers.
1«54. Artaxerxes becomes King and arrests .Cyrus.
Kvpo^ odp aarpdiry^ ^v rijs AdStd^ Kal r^9 ^PpvyCd^
Kal rijs KainraSoKUs. inel S^ eVeXeuVr^o-e Adpelog, *Ap-
ra^epirj^ 6 tov Kipov dSeXc^o? i/^acrtXevo-e r^u Uepcr^Ju,
Kal TLcro-a^e'ppr)^ ScafidWeL rhv Kvpov wpo^ rhv dhe\-
5 <i.hv cJ^ in^PovXevu avr^. 6 8' 'Aprafepf^, crvXXaaBduec
Kvpov.
NoTKs — 1. o5v: (/,«,, continuiiis the natrativo. — 2. imt • when ~
ncepfve force as ^a,.A..-„,,. ,!,,,, ,;J„.a,„,„, ,_,„„ ,;„„.^™"
>.csc„t. 1,0 t|,„ ,„ea„ms; of all word, not siven i„ tho previous voeal.u
ar,es see the general vocabulary,.-.,. ^.. „,„,. For\;, ZZH^
zi.mA-'fM-JSK:-'-'
84
ANALYSIS OF PlilMAltY TENSES OF INDICATIVE.
i'\'
LESSON XV.
Analysis of the Primary Tenses of the Indicative Active.
135. To the verb stem {'A) different Tense Suffixes are
added to form the Tense Stems of the verb, as Xvw, stem XU,
present tense suflix o or € (for convenience written %)» present
tense stem XUo or XU€ (Xv%).
136. To form the complete tenses, Personal Endings
are added to the different tense stems. These distinguish tlie
different persons of the verb. The personal endings of the
pHmary (50) tenses in the active voice are :
SINGULAH.
DUAL.
I'LURAL.
1
-|W
-|MV
2
•c{<n)
-TOV
-T€
3
-<ri(Tt)
-TOV
-v<ri
137. Review the conjugation of the present, future, and
first perfect indicative active of \v(o in 765 (Xucd), 706 (Xucrco),
and 768 (XcXvKa).
138. The present stem of Xvna is Au°/e (135); \vo occurs before n or v
in the endings, elsewhere Ave. In the singular, the terminations o), cis, ci,
are difficult to analyze, but in the dual and plural, the tense stem and
personal endings are easily distinguished. Xvova-i is for Xvo-vcri.
139. The future stem of Avw is Au(T°/g, formed by adding the tense
suffix 0-0 or <r€ ((r°/e) to the verb stem.
140. The first perfect stem of Xita is Ac-Ar/ca, formed by reduplicating
the verb-stem Xv and adding the tense suffix Ka. The endings fxt and trt
are dropped, and in the third singular final a is changed to c. AeAuKacri
is for AcAu/ca-i/cri.
ATIVE.
ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY TENSES OF INDICATIVE. 36
141.
VOCABULARY.
ive Active.
Suffixes are
Vf ft), stem XU,
[1 Ve)' pi'esent
AL Endings
stiiiguisli the
idiiigs of the
AL.
V
, future, and
), 706 (Xuo-o)),
LI'S before |i or v
itioiis (0, et9, €1,
tense stem and
ivo-vai.
Iding the tense
>y reduplicating
dings [XL and tri
bo c. AcAuKacri
a^YcXos, ov, 6, messenger, scout.
&vtI, prep, with gen., instead of.
dird, prep, with gen,, off from, from.
drifjid^w (drt/naS), dTi|id(rw, TJTtfxaa'a,
iirfftttKa, dishonor, disgrace.
8£kt], r}s, i), justice, punishment.
iird, conj., when, since.
iirio-ToX^, ^s, 7}, letter.
Otjpcvo), 9r]p(vtru, i9i\ptwa, Tcd^jpcvKa
{cf. O'npLov), hunt wild beasts, hurd,
catch. No. 46.
^XcOpos, ov, 6, destruction, loss.
oiirws (before a vowel), ovtw (before a
consonant), adv., thus, so.
irdXiv, adv., back, again.
4>£Xos, 01^, 6 {cf. (plXios), friend.
142. 1. 67r\tVd9 rixa.(nv avrl to^otcov. 2. rot? cru/Lt-
/xaxot? ourw9 imfiovXeveTe. 3. Kupoi^ Se ijrt/xa/ce. 4. ^T^pta
aTTO iTTTTov (o/i horseback) TeOrjpevKa. 5. ra? emcrroXas
Treixxjjo^ev to2^ c^iXot?; 6. KX€a/oxo9, w o-TpaTL^Tai, eVet
T0V5 o/)/cou5 XeXv/ce, ti7i^ SiVt^i/ exet. 7. r^i/ 8e x^P°^^
•qpnaKafiev Sua top okeOpop tcov arpaTLcoTCJu. 8. top
ayyeXov Tre/xTret ttciXlv inl to laxvpov X(^p^ov.
143. 1. We shall collect allies for our friends. 2. He
has hunted wild beasts on horseback. 3. The messenger
will sacrifice to the gods. 4. I have commanded the soldiers
to plunder the wagons. 5. Cyrus sends the general a letter.
144. Cyrus escapes with his Life, and plots against his Brother.
ovTco 8r] (then) yTlfxa^e top dSe^op " XpTa^ip^y)^. oj hk
lxyJT7]p (cf. Latin mater) Xuet Kvpop /cat aTTOTre/xTret irdXip
im Trjp apxTJp. Kdpo<; 8e eVet ^k€p et§ ttjp AvBtdp,
^ov\ev€L OTTO)? /Jao-tXevVet (how he shall be king, to be king)
6 ai^TiTov dhek^ov' 7roK€fiLo<; yap airrai ^p. ol 8* cV Tij
^PXV fi<^pficLpoL Kvpo) (ftiXioi KoX ma-Tol '^(rav.
3G
ANALYSIS OF SEC ON DA It Y TENSES OF INDICATIVE.
\ i
LESSON XVI.
Analysis of the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative Active.
145. The personal endings of tlie secondary (oo) tenses in
the active voice are :
1
SINGULAR.
-V
DUAL.
I'LURAL.
-|MV
2
-t
-TOV
-Tl
3
—
-TT|V
-V or .<rai
146. Review tlie conjugation of tlie imperfect, first aorist,
and first pluperfect indicative active of \{j(o in 705 (€\uov)
707 (€'Xi)(ra), and 708 (cXcXvkii).
147. The imperfect is formed on the auo-mented preiient stem (138).
148. The first aorist stem of Avw is Auo-a, formed by adding tlie tense
suffix o-a to the verb stem. The aorist has aucrnient. In the first person
singular, v is dropped, and in the third a is changed to c.
149. The first pluperfect . is formed on the first perfect stem (140),
with Kc for Ku. In the singular v is dropped and kc appears as kt;, K-q, k€l.
150.
VOCABULARY.
aXos, a\T,, aXo, other, another; with <rirov8Vi, V^, V, libation; plur., truce.
the article, the other, the rest of. <rv|i-ir^,iff«, send with.
I .1
Ba<r\k6s, ov, 6, tax, tribute.
iKovos, T>, 6v, sufficient, able, capable.
Xoxa-yds, ov, 6, captain.
oZv, conj., therefore, then, so (a post-
positive).
Togevo), €T6^«v<ra {cf. t6^ou, To^drrji), use
one'^s bow, shoot.
<|>povpapxos, ov, 6, commander of a
garrison.
«S8€, adv., thus, as follows.
M
a A Tl VE.
ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY TENSES OF INDICATIVE. 37
:ive Active.
>()) to uses in
XV
, first aorist,
705 (i'Xuov),
It stem (138).
iling tlie tense
;ie first person
t stem (140),
as K7/, KTf, K£l.
plur,, truce.
V, to^6t7jj), use
imander of a
ir»l. I. Tov (fipovpapxov iire-rraiK^a-av. 2. Kvpo<; oZv t(^
dBeXfjia) KaKop ' efiovXevev. 8. ol vedviai rofa /xa/cpa ^;)^e-
arav koI acfjeMvas dyaSa^. 4. koX 6 crTpaT-qyo^ icTTpd-
Tcvaei/ inl ttjp tov o-arpdiTov x^pdv. 5. a-vveTrefxTrofxev tcj
o-TpaTTjyo) dkXovq aTpaTimd<i dyadom. (». eVei iXvo-au ra?
o-TTo^Sa?, Ttt? Kw/xds SLapndcrofjLev. 7. ot Se /SdpjSapoL
iTo^evo-av diro tcju iLinrcjv. 8. toi^ Xoxdyop tSSe -^yoj/ tt/jo?
To:^ KXeapxop. 9. 6 yay3 *ApTa^€p$r)^ eVe/ceXeuVet roi/
a-aTpdnyjv Sacr/Aou? wefXTreLv. 10. aTpaTickd^; iv tw Ictx^P^
Xw/)ta> etxere lKavov<; ras /cw/xds hiapirdt^uv!^
153. 1. I had collected hoiilites and bowmen as follows.
I 2. Tliey planned evil for the others. 3. The hoplites with
Cyrus were plundering the wagons. 4. Botli generals and
captains had sacrificed. 5. He bade the satrap send gifts.
Notes. — i KaKov, evil, neuter singular of Kaxo's used as a noun. —
' Dependent on tKavovs, enough to plunder.
163. Cyrus begins to take Active Measures.
^7171; Se (TTparidv ttjv 'EXXrjvLKrjp cSSe '^OpoL^e ■ tov^
Twv (fivXaKwv (l)povpdpxov<; KeXeveu dOpoit^^iv o-TpaTLcords
UeXoTTovprjo-Lov's • ivoixi^e yap, W9 {as) iXeye, Tio-aa-
4>ipv'qv^ impovXei^eip rrj dpxrj. Kal ^ fxh aXX-q 'iwvid
5 t6t€ tw Kvpco (l>LXLd Kal TjicrTT) ^v, MiXr)To? Se TroXe/xta.
Kvpo<s oZv TTju MtXrjTop iroXiopKu Kal Kara {hy) y^p (land)
Kal Kara OdXarrap.
Notes 3. Tio-(ra<|>^pvTiv ^7riPov\tv«v : translate, that Tissaphernes was
plotting ayuinsi. — i. ^iv: see the general vocabulary. — 6. iroXiopKci- by
contraction for TroXto^Kc'et, present third singular of 7roAio/,Kc'<o, besiege
-""Tfir iiiiriii-Ti
88
DEMONSTRA TI VE PRONOUNS. - avTO^.
LESSON XVII.
Demonstrative Pronouns avrds.
164. The principal demonstrative pronouns are ovtos, this,
Latin hlc, oSe, this, and €K€i:vos, that, Latin ille.
155. The pronoun avrds is properly intensive, self, Latin
ipse.
166. Learn the dedension of outos, '6U, and IkcXvos in 762,
and of avTds in 759.
167. These pronouns are declined, in the main, like adjectives of the
vowel declension (126 ff.); 58e is declined like the article (758), with the
enclitic suffix Sc added.
168. When a demonstrative pronoun agrees with a noun, it
takes the article, and stands either before or after both article
and noun, not between them.
169. 1. eWi;o9, that (yonder), is used of something remote ;
oBe, this (here), of something near or present.
2. olVo? is used in referring to something which has already
been mentioned ; SSe, in referring to something which is about
to be mentioned.
Thus: ov^os 6 a-rpaTr}y6, cr 6 crrparriyh, o^to, dya^^s ^v, this general
(one already mentioned) rcas hrave ; lAe^c rciSe, he said this, i.e. he spoke as
follom; ,v ^Kuvri Trj Ku>f^rj dvaofxev, we will offer sacrifice in that village
(yonder). ^
DEMONS TEA Tl VE PRONOUNS. — avTO^i.
39
! ouTos, this,
160. In all its cases avro? may mean self; when preceded by
the article it means same; in its oblique cases it may mean
him, her, it, them.
Thus: avrk 6 (TTparrjyb^ (\e^e ravra, the general himself said this, but
6 avTos (rTpaTr)y6<i eAc^e ravra, the same general said this; Ouaw avro^,
I myself will offer sacrifce ; ol arparcdraL avrov^ tiraLov, the soldiers struck
them.
, self, Latin
Etvos in 762,
ectives of the
58), with the
1 a noun, it
both article
tig remote ;
has already
ch is about
y, this general
?. he spoke as
i that village
161,
VOCABULARY.
'Apf,<rTiiriros, ov, 6, Aristippns.
ovTds, ^, 6, pron., self, same, him,
her, it.
m
^Kctvos, 7), 0, pron., thai.
tmPovX^, ^s, ij {cf. <?7rt/3oi;\ei/w), plot,
scheme, design.
0€TTa\<Js, ov, 6, a Thessalian.
\iy<a, \{^<a, «Xc|a {cf. \6yos), say, speak,
tell, state, report.
(*cTd, prep.: with gen., with, in com-
pany with; with ace, behind, after.
I^vos, ov, 6, stranger, ''guest friend,'''
guest, host.
<58€, TJSt, t68« {cf. J5e), pron., this, the
following.
ovTos, aiJ-TT), TovTo {cf ovTus), pron., this.
ri, conj., and (enclitic and postposi-
tive); Tc . . . Ko(, both . . . and.
OVTOL OL
162. 1. avrai at ot/ctat ^vyod? e^ova-L. 2
crrpartwrat eVatoz/ tov ^evov. 3. \\pL(rTL7nTo? Se 6 ©erra-
Xo? ^epos ^v avToi. 4. ^era Se rouroi^ KXeapxo? auro?
eXefe raSe. 5. /cat rjOpot'c^ov Tovg.
TreXrao-ra? oJrftj? ourot. 6. ra aura
raura^ ^ovXevovcTL. 7. /cat /ceXeuet
auTou? Xeyety ravra. 8. aur^; rj im-
fiovXr) ovK ^v (fyavepa. 9. ovro<; Se
o auro? /ceXeuet iicfLvmic nnTrn/f^ii, n-^,. ,>.''.«r..
eXef e KXea/)xo5 -^ o^ 8^ o-rpart^rat, o? re^ airod' Ik^vov
/cat ot aXXot, iKcXevov avrov dycLv rrjp crTpaTidv.
No. 10. trfXraffT-ffs.
1 1/, raura
40
1 I
*
DEMONSTRA TIVE PRONOUNS. — avro^.
163. 1. These soldiers were friendly. 2. Cyrus sent these
soldiers their pay. 3. But the general spoke to them as
follows. 4. They conduct him to the same general.
Notes — i rh. alrk raSra, these same (plans), a cog,7ate accusative (833).
- 01 re, hoth the (soldiers). The proclitic ot receives an accent from the
follownig enclitic. —3 Agrees with eVctVov, and =ips-ius.
^^^' He hoodwinks the King.
ovTO)^ ovp ijnMiX'qTov ttjv dTpaTiav riOpoiiev 6 KO/oo?.
7r/)09 he Tov^ ahe\(f>hv dyye\ov<; enefi^e /cat eXefe raSe •
" imOvfiw, c3 *A/)rafe/3f77, /cat (also) rrjs 'icoi^tds (rarpa-
neveiv, Ti(T(Ta(f>ipvy)v 8' e/c 7179 x^/>«? e/c/3aXXet^." /cat ij
5 ft>;rt;^ (TVfxnpiTTeL avr^ radra. cocrre o^x viroTTTevei
^ ^'^pTf^i^^piv^ n^ ^ov Ki/aou imiSovXTJv • dTrcnefnre yap
avToj T0V5 Saa-fxovs iKeivos,
Notes. — 3. ^meu^ai: by contraction for iiriOd fiio), I desire. —'lotvlas :
the genitive follows verbs signifying to rule (847). — 5. onj^t-irp^TTci : t/oe^
</w's wj7/i /i/m, i.e. cooperates with him in this (865).
No. I I. Ancient Persians.
us sent these
to them as
eral.
?cusative (833).
3cent from the
lev 6 KO/009.
EXefe raSe •
nd<s craTpa-
iP' Kai rj
( UTTOTTTevet
CTrefiTre yap
ire. — 'IwvCas :
k-irpoTTCi: does
PRESENT AND IMPERFECT INDICATIVE OF elfii. 41
LESSON XVIII.
Present and Imperfect Indicative of etjii, be.
165. Learn the conjugation of the present and imperfect
indicative of €l}ii, be, in 795.
106. All the forms of the present indicative of elfji{ are
^ enclitic except el The third singular eVrt' takes v-movable (17)
^ like words in ai. Further, iari becomes eari :
1. At the beginning of a sentence, as eVri 8^ K6p<o ySao-^eia, Cyrus has
a palace.
^ 2. When it signifies existence or possibility, as eV roU ^ap^dpoi^ tariv
ovTO) Aeycii/, it is possible to speak thus among the barbarians.
^ 3.^ When it follows oIk, d, m, KaC, tovto, and some other ^ords, as
ovK tcTTL Kvpto ttAoux, Cyrus has no boats.
167. Proclitics (26) have no effect on the accent of the fol-
lowing word. The proclitics are the forms 6, ^, ol, at of the
article; the prepositions ek, into, e'| (eV), out of, eV, m; the
conjunctions el, if, and oJ?, as, that; and the negative o{j
(ovK, ovx), not.
168. An enclitic (27) generally loses its own accent, but in
the following cases it retains it:
1. When a dissyllabic enclitic follows a word with the acute on the
penult, as ^tAoi core, you are friends.
2. When the preceding syllable is elided (16), as ravr' i^rl KaKa, this
is bad.
169. The word before an enclitic always retains its own
accent, and never changes an acute to the grave (25)
i^ urther : o v y
¥ <
42 PliESENT AND IMPERFECT INDICATIVE OF dfii.
1. If it has the acute on the antepenult or circumflex on the penult
.t receives fron. the enclitic an acute on its last syllable as a second L " '
as a^co. cVr., it is right, AyaOh, oM, cVr., he is brave. '
2. If it has the acute on the penult or the acute or circumflex on the
ultxn.a, ,t receues no additional accent, as ^eVo. eV^eV (168 1) J «
.. If It IS a proclitic or an enclitic, it receives an acute, as cr re. if
anybody ; ec re, .{.rjac (enclitic) ravra, if anybody says this. ' '^
170.
Poo-(X€ios, OP (130), royal; neut. plur.
(iaalXeia as noun, palace.
«l|iC, imperf. ^v, fut. 2<roHoi, be.
ivTov0a, Adv., there, here, in this place.
Tj, conj., ihati, Lat. quam.
MofavSpos, ov, 6, the Maeander, a wind-
ing river in Asia Minor.
VOCABULARY.
KaWov, adv., more, rather.
nVoi. at, o, 10,000.
iropdStwros, ov, 6, park.
irdpoBos, ov, ij, xoay by or along, pas-
sage, pass.
^^Y^, Vi, V, fountain, head, spring,
source.
171. 1. el eVI (in the power of) jm dSiX,f>^. 2. oiK
afio^ e<rri ra? airopSi, \i$«,.. 3. ivravOa ydp ^,rnv ^
<Pf. 5. ^^e,. .V to; uapaSetW. 6. KXea>;^^ s/ ^.iSp.oi
8ap««o.«o., /. feVo..V^eV,.3Kvpe,ra;<.arp<i^„. 8. „J
66 ,r,,yai tov MaiaV8po« ^oraiitoO etVi^ .V rS,„ fiaat\el<ou
10. c<rn Se Kvpo. Ka.1 fia<r£\eca Kal xo,pCop tV^voo^ inl
172. 1. This country is hostile to Artaxerxes. 2 TJie
soldiers have arms and horses. 3. These friends of Cyrus
were soldiers. 4. For you are in a hostile land. 5. In this
place there was a beautiful jjark.
f" elfii.
on the penult,
second accent,
umflex on the
68, 1), we are
' of the soldiers.
te, as el tis, if
ier.
or along, pas-
head, spring.
2.
OVK
p eCTTLV Tf
TO) aSe\-
0€ fXVplOl
ry- 8. at
TVfJLfJLa)(OL.
Xvpop eVt
2. TJie
of Cyrus
tills
In ^^
rUESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE INBICATIVE MIBBLE. 43
^^^* He continues to collect Forces.
8a.^o..o. _e. Xeppo^^^a.- rovra, yip <J, (,,, ^.,,
ja/,e<.x. /.vp.o_„5 Sa>e«o.-5. 'ApCarcn.o, Se 6 OerraX^;
I-ud verb cannot go/u:;^^^^^^ The accent ot a com.
oo...act.n .. w4 -.-a'^urLxr^zr :^^^^^^^^^^^ ::
LESSON XIX.
Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative Middle.
lact;^; '" '''' '''''"*' ^^'^ ^''■^? «^« -l^-' i« -presented a«
;-^; ....... .„.l: s"2j:r::r"^^^^ —>
J7«. The pergonal endings (136) i„ the indicative ™iddle
Primary. ^
I 1 -Hai ^.g^ SINGULAH. DUAL. PujRAL.
-TO .O-0TJV .VTO
I
44 PRESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE INDICATIVE MIDDLE.
\
§
m
176. Learn the conjugation of the present, imperfect, and
future indicative middle of Xuo), in 765 (Xuo|JLai and k\'^6\Lr\v)
and 766 (Xijo-o|xai).
177. The present stem, found in the present and imperfect, is \v%
(138 and 147), the future stem is Avo-% (139). The forms Auci, t\vov,
and Avo-ci, are the shortened forms of Auc-crai, eAiJc-o-o and Auae-o-at.
178.
dYOpd^w {ayopaS), A-yopdo-o), T|'y6pa(ra,
TJ-ydpaKa (cf. dyopi), frequent the
market-place, buy.
dX^Ocia, as, ij, truth.
PopPapiKds, ■>?, 6v {cf. ^dp^apos), barba-
rian; t6 ^appapiKdv, the Persian
force of Cyrus.
2roi|to$, 7}, ov, or pj, ov (130), ready,
prepared.
licra-ir^liiroiJiai, send for, summon.
VOCABULARY.
ircCOb), irc((r(o, circio-a, WirciKa, per-
suade; mid., obey.
ir^pHv, adv., across, beyond.
iri(rT€v«, irioTTtvo-ft), iirlfrTtva-a (cf.
TTiards), put faith in, trust.
iropcvoiiai, iropcv(ro|Aai, ircir(ipcv|AC..,
proceed.
<rv\k-^ov\(v<a, plan with, advise; mid.,
consult with.
o-v-o-TpaTcvofiai, serve in war with, take
thejield with.
179. 1. (TvaTpaTeva-eTat dvv Kvpo)- incrTcvei yap avrco.^
2. ovK iireiOov^ toU 6eoL<;. 3. ttj S* ahqSda? iiropevovro
inl TOP iroTap.6v. 4. 'Aprafepfry? t7]v (TTpaTiav aferat.
5. Tov^ (TTpaTLayrds erot/Aot io-fxev Xveo-Oau.^ 6. Kvpo<s 8e
fieTairefiTreTaL to fiapfiapiKov. 7. 8ta rov TreSiov iiropevo-
fieua 619 Ka)/jLd<;. 8. Kupo? Se rot? (JTpaT7)yol^ /cat rois
Xo;(dyots o-vfjifiovXeveTaL. 9. iripdv Se toO Etx^parou^ '^i'
kw/xt; • e/c rauTT^s ot o-rpanajrat rjyopdl^ovTo rd eVtrTySeta.
ISO. 1. And Vip. \va.« nrnoef^din"" r^n fliA iiran.r^»-» o Ti^p
bowmen send for their bows. 3. He did not obey his brother.
\^
MIDDLE.
perfect, and
jrfect, is \v °/^
is \v€L, cAvov,
id \v(Tt-crai.
WirciKa, per-
ond.
lirCo'Tcvo'a (c/.
I, trust.
., ircirdpcv|AC .<,
, advise; mid.,
1 war wi^ft, take
I pb^s^^t; wP^ft^Eon ^trrw.^ n^nwATn-j, middle. 45
i 4. You did not proceed to Cvrus ^ Th^ +
I im,.hase provisions for themseC '"^'^'"" "'"
g Adverb, oi place may be followed by the gemtive (866).
***• ■*" Ws Troops muster at Sardis.
rotlI°" 7' ""'^ '^^''""•^"^- «^'^-- 8^ -
(ina-T€vop yip a{n-a. <^'-vo^o
yap avT^r
iiTopevovTO
Mv aferai.
. Kupos 8e
)u ivopivo-
is (cai Tots
O T'l.,,
his brother.
No. 12. The Skulking Warrior.
46
AORIST, PERFECT, PLUPERFECT,
LESSON XX.
Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Indicative Middle.
182. The future perfect indicative denotes that an action
will, be alrewhj finished at some future time, as XcXuaofJiat,
/ ahall have ransomed. This tense is not found in the active
voice.
183. Learn the conjugation of the first aorist, perfect, plu-
perfect, and future perfect indicative middle of Xvca in 767 (cXU-
(rd|iiiv) and 769 (XcXvjiai, cXcXvjitiv, and X€Xu<ro|iai).
(The perfect and pluperfect middle and passive of mute verbs are
reserved for Lessons XXII. and XXIIT.)
184. The first aorist middle uses the first aorist stem Xvcra (148).
185. The perfect and pluperfect middle use the perfect middle stem
AcAv, formed simply by reduplicating the verb stem. The pluperfect has
augment.
186. The future perfect uses the perfect middle stem with o-"/, added,
AcAuo-Yj. a short final vowel is always lengthened before o- Ye.
187. For the personal endings, see 175. The forms eAvo-o) and AeAi5o-a
are shortened forms of iXvaa-a-o and AcAvo-c-o-ai.
No 1 3. Assyrian Wagon.
^5.
AND FUTURE PEHFECT INDICATIVE MIDDLE.
47
188.
VOCABULARY.
ative Middle.
at an action
; XeXuaofjiai,
n the active
perfect, plu-
• in 767 (€XiJ-
).
ute verbs are
o-a (148).
t middle stem
pluperfect has
h 0-°/, added,
0) and AcAiJo-ct
I
I
oKpos, d, ov, at the top, topmost; Akpop,
neut. as noun, summit.
diro-Tr^fiir«, send off or away; mid.,
send away from oneself dismiss.
TJS^ws, adv., gladly.
oXiyoi, 7], oi>, little, small; plur., few.
oXos, 17, ov, whole, entire.
iropd, prep.: with gen., from beside,
from; with dat., beside, loith, at;
with ace, to the side of to, near, by.
iropo«rK€«^, Tj,, ^, preparation, equip.
ment.
irAp-eim, be beside or present.
irav«, -rratio-o), iVavo-o, ir^iravKa, -iriirav.
I*ai, cause to cease, stop; mid., cease,
desist.
trivTt, indeclinable, five.
<rTa0^6s, ov, 6, stopping-place, stage,
day's march.
*PVYia, as, 7), Phrygia.
rov, fiapftapov, ^oXe^ov' ^B^cos ^.navacra.. 3. roV «
TTparr/you Kal r6^ o-aT^a',7,,„ dTreTrei^^aro. 4. oj 8^ o-rpa
5. o\.yot re. ^rpanco™. ra incrrjSe.a i,yopd<ravro. 6 o£
o^Xcra. ^e^o^ev^ac .VI ro a^o.. 7. koI 6 ^arpdnr,,
/.er...^^aro .n„ov, .al oVXa «al r^ aXX^. .apacrlJ.
S.a oX,s r,, ,^c/,a-,. 9. eWi S^ «„l o5ro. JprjZ,
^<Trpar.v<raro Kvpo, .1, r^ tS,u ^oXe^cW x<i/.aV.
100. 1. Cyrus summoned few of the captains. 2. Thev
have proceeded to the sources of the river. 8. He has col
I .uUed w.th Cyrus. 4. You will gladly have ceased f^om battle
J 5. The army had advanced five days' march.
Notes. _ i/r„m ,„ar, a genitive of sejiaralion (848). _ J Acm,„ti„. f
e«ra/ of space (836). (."".)• Accusative of
48
READING LESSON.
191. Tissaphernes warns the King. The March begins.
ovToi fxh Traprja-av aural et? SapSets- 1i(T(ra(f>4pvy)<;
Se iiropeveTo irapa tov ^ Apra^dp^iqv • ov yap eVo/atfe ttjv
7rapao-K€vr)u ravrrjv cli^at eVt Ilto-tSd?. kol 'Apra^ep^-qs,
eVet raur' eXefe Ttco-ac^ep^'T;?, dvTLTrapaorKevd^eTai.
5 Kv/jos 8e exwi' touVou? tou9 a-rpaTidrrd^ i^eXavveu dno
Xdph^oiv 8ta ttJ? AuStdg (TTaOfxoix; Tpeh (tres) inl tov
MaCapSpov TroTafxou. iwl Se tovto) yi(f)vpa iwrji/. ipT€v6ev
i^eXavpei 8ta ^pvyids ets KoXocrcra?.
Notes. — 1. SdpScis : Sanlis, accusative plural. The genitive plural
SapScwv occurs in 6. — 3. dvai : to be, present infinitive of ct/xi'. Translate,
that it teas, etc 5. i\uv : having, present participle, = with. — {|-cXa6vu :
the verb iXavvui here means march. Use the map in following the route of
the expedition. — 7. Iir-fiv : imperfect of cTr-ei/At, be on or over.
No. 14. Theseus fighting with Amazons.
INDICATIVE PASSIVE.
49
gins.
eXavvet. dno
es) eVl Tov
;enitive plural
ii'. Translate,
;. — J|-cXai)vii :
g the route of
I
LESSON XXI.
Indicative Passive.
102. In the passive (48) voice the subject is represented as
acted on, as Xtofiai, lam loosed, iXvd^irjv, I was loosed, etc.
193. Tiie present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect, and future
perfect have the same forms in the passive voice as in the
middle. The first aorist and first future are different.
1J>4. Learn the conjugation of the first aorist and first
future indicative passive of X6a> in 770 (cXvOtiv and XuOiiaofiai).
195. The first aorist passive uses the first passive stem, formed by
adding the tense suffix 6, (lengthened to G^ in the indicative) to the verb
stcnn, as \vOe (XvOrj). As a secondary tense, it has augment in the
indicative. It uses the active secondary endings (145).
196. Before the suffix Be a labial mute (n p <»>) becomes (or remains)
«}>, as e-7re^<^-V (verb stem 7re/x,r); a palatal mute (k v X) I'ecomes (or
remains) X, as y^-erjv (verb stem ay); a lingual mut. (x 8 9) becomes <r,
as ,7r€c<r-er]v (verb stem naO), ^p^d^.Orjv (verb stem Apirah).
197. Some verbs form the aorist passive with the tense
suffix € (lengthened to t] in the indicative) instead of Be (Orj)
as 7pa</,a,, zvrite (verb stem r^pa<j>), i-ypdct>v-u. These are called
t5EC0Np aorists passive.
108. Tiie iirst future passive uses the first passive stem with a'/
added to dri, as Av^ V- It uses the middle primary endings (175).
50
INDICATIVE PASSIVE.
I
! ill
^n
199. The Principal Parts of a verb are the first; person
) singular indicative of the following tenses : prese^it acthra^
future active, aoristjictive, perfec-t active, perfect middle, aorist
I passive, as XCco, X6<t(o, e'Xvaa, X^VKarXeXv/xairiX^rjv.
200. The second aorist active (91), second perfect (115), and
second aorist passive (197) may occur in place of the correspond-
ing fii-st tenses or in addition to them.
a. These second tenses will be fully considered later.
201. Not all verbs have all the principal parts, that is, some
verbs are defective.
In the following vocabularies, if parts are not given, it is to be under-
stood that they do not occur in Attic prose.
202. The agent is usually expressed, in the passive con-,
I struction, by M wi th the_ genitive^ as ol oTrXlraL {j-rrh tov\
\ arpaTvyov 7re/^<^(9r;Voi/Tat, the heav^a^ed men will be sent by
\the general. ^
203. The perfect and pluperfect passive may have Qiejative
ofj^gjigent, as al (movSai roU iroXefiloL^ XdXvvrai, the Treaty
has been broken hy the enemy. i
204.
VOCABULARY.
■ypdcfxu, 7pA\|»», €7pax|fa, •y<Ypa<(>a, y^-
•ypannoi, 6Ypd<|>Tiv, write. No. 60.
8^, intensive postpositive particle, now.,
indeed, accordingly, so, then.
ctKoo-i, indeclinable, twenty.
^vT€v0€v, adv., thence, from this place.
eirrd, indeclinable, seven.
t|Kw, Tjga», come, be or have come.
iraptt<rd77tis, ov, 6, parasang, a Persian
road measure.
iriiln {Tried), iniaro, itrUa-a, 4iri^<r0t)v,
press hard; pass., be hard pressed.
wird, prep.: with gen., under, from
under, of agency, by, through; with
dat., under, beneath: with ace,
under, down under.
INDICATIVE PASSIVE.
61
sang, a Peraian
305. 1. KveriaoniOa ix tovtoiv rav Sai/wi/.' 2. iv hi
rp o-T€p§ 68^ i7n€<r0r,iA.,i, ino tS,„ 7roUiJ.U>u. 3. \A,„at
ayycXo, ^kuv napa Adp.iov. 4. oJro, Sr, ,.ere,reV^^«<ra..
oc Tofora.. 5. iSiw^ouro 8ta roC ^eS.'ou 7rapa,Toiyyd, inrd.
0. cm^roXi^ eypa'<^v „api rhp KXeapX""- 7. « ™^ ^o.;..^^
dir,pna,r0r, ino tw^ ^apfiapo>v ra oirka. 8. cVl ro; ScficS^
fTTo Kvpov 6t? ^pvyidv.
,I,''*1" o" ,^'^''7'y '^«'''^y-^™>«'l m«n were brought' from thia
.laee.^ 2. i he bndge will be destroyed. 3. He was persuaded
by the general. 4. Five targeteers on the right (wing) were
shot. 5. They will be hard pressed by the soldiere.
Notes _ i Used as a neuter noun. _ ' on the righ, (wi„„). _ . See 17
-' Lse ay<„. -eput the Greek word for this phrase fl«t. Cf. 205, 9.
207.
The Palace and Park of Cyrus at Celaenae.
o e^rraXos onklrd, ?^o>p Kal TreXrao-ris. eWC^^e., e'fe-
Aoum ■wapaa-dyyd's ilKomv eU Ke\aii/as.
eVraC^a Ki$pa) ^ao-a«a ^^ Kal napdSe,cro,. eV S^
6 Tovr^ ^^ ay/,.a ^,p.'a- raCra eW^05 e'%c«^ a^6 Twou.
0.™ yap iyi^^aU roi, .V„ot,,. S.a hi roC .a/,a8e.Vov
pa o Ma.a,.8pos 7:oTap.6,- al Si „r,yal airov ,la^„ i^
Tu," /3ao-iXaW • /5« Si Kal Sia KeXat^S^.
52
LABIAL MUTE VERBS.
\ ' }
LESSON XXII.
Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Indicative Middle
and Passive of Labial Mute Verbs.
208. Learn the conjugn.tion of the perfect, pluperfect, and
future perfect indicative middle and passive of XetVo), leave, in
775 (Xc'XciiJUiai, 4XcX€1|1|jltiv, and XeXeixj/ojiai).
209. The concurrence of consonants in the stem and endings (note the
forms in parenthesis) occasions euphonic changes, according to the follow-
ing principles :
1. A labial mute (ir p 4)) before ji changes to jt; with o- it forms 4^;
before t and 9 it becomes (or remains) respectively ir and <|).
^ a. When (ifiji would thus result, one i* is dropped, as Trc/nTro,, send,
imrefi-fxai (TrcirefXTr-fiai), Treirefxij/aL, TrcTrc/XTr-rai, etc.
2. <r between two consonants is dropped.
210. The third person plural of the perfect and pluperfect is a com-
pound form, consisting of the jierfect middle or passive participle and dal
in the perfect, and of this participle and rjaav in the pluperfect.
211. Conjugate also the perfect and pluperfect indicative
middle and passive of Tre^Trw (TreTrefifj^ai, etc.) and of 7/oa</>&>
{yeypaufiai, etc.).
VOCABULARY.
212.
4no, adv., at the same time.
dpi6|i6s, oO, 6, number^ enumeration.
S^vSpov, OK, t6, tree.
Kard, prep.: with gen., down from;
v.'it,h ^co.^ doxon along, over, by.
Kara.-\(lir<a, leave behind, abandon.
Kara-Kdirru, cut down or in pieces.
KdiTTW (kott), k6\|/«, eKoy'.'O, K^KOi)>a,
K«KO|ji|jiai, €Kdirrjv, cut, fell.
\€(ir« (\t7r), XeCtj/w, cXwov, X^oiwo,
X^\ci|Afiai, 4XcC()>0t)v, leave.
Ilpoliv&s, ov, 6, Proxenus.
TpioKovra, indeclinable, thirty.
XtXioi, at, o, 1000.
LABIAL MUTE VERBS.
53
Middle
Jrfect, and
t>, leave^ in
gs (note the
) the fol low-
it forms r^;
■efiiTd), send,
!t is a com-
ple and elal
indicative
of ypd<f)(o
f.'a, K^KOi)>a,
fell.
IV, X^OMra,
ye.
irty.
•■»
213. 1. KaraXeXet/x/xeVot etcrt rptaK-oi^raroforat; 2. afxa
8e ineirefixljOy co Upo^eve, inl rr^v yicfivpav. 3. KaTaKeKonTat
Tol<; TToXe/Atots^ rj (Tt par la. 4. oTrXIrat x'^tot Treire fifievoL
rjaav Kara OakaTTav. 5. oXtyot rwi^ Kvpou (fyuXcov Kara-
XeXeifificvoL ^aav. 6. XeXet/x/xeVot 170-ai/ ot o-rpanwrat.
7. e/c TavTT)^ T^9 KW/XT7? ayyeXo? i7r€TT€fjL7rT0 irpo^ Kvpov.
8. ra 8eV8/)a /ce/coTrrat. 9. Ki)/)05 OLTroTreTrefnTTaL^ top
ayyekov. 10. rov? birXtrd^ /xeraTreTTC/x/xe^a e/c 7775 i^pvyid';.
214. 1. The army had been cut to pieces by the satrap. -
2. Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plain. 3. A
letter had been written at the same time.^ 4. A messenger has
been sent away to the satrap. 5. For a thousand soldiers had
been sent to the stronghold.
Notes. — 1 The agent (203). — 2 Middle. — 3 For the order, cf. 213, 2.
215. A Thirty Days' Halt, and Enumeration of the Troops.
eo-Tt 8e KoX 'Apra^ep^ov /SacrtXeta eV KeXaivals ipvfxpo.
iirl rat? ir-qyaU tov Mapavov iroTafiov • pel 8e /cat ovto^
8ta KeXati/wi/.
ivTavda p.ivei Ku/509 'r}fi€pd^ TpiaKovra • koI ^Ke KXe-
5 apxos €)(0)v oTrXtrd? x'^^^^^^ '^a't TreXracrTa? /cat rofoVd?.
a/xa 8e /cat Soc^atVero? Traprjv excov OTrXtrd? ;)(tXtoi;9. o^
/cat ivTavOa Kvpo<i dpiOpxyv rciiv 'EX\r]VLKa)p (TTpaTLOJTcov
inoirjo-ev iv tw TrapaSeLcra), /cat i^crai/ oTrXtrat /aei/ /xvptot
.^«> ,.A.-.. \ ^ ^> <J - ir\
rvM.c ^c/vfeut, vicAvacTTat oe otcTYtAtOt.
Notes. — 1. Ko-n : for the accent, see 1G6, 1 — 9. 8i<rxtXioi : the numeral
adverb 81s means twice.
, i
,
54
PALATAL ANJJ UNGUAL MUTE VEUBS.
LESSON XXIII.
Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of
Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs.
216 Learn the conjugation of the perfect and plunerfeot
;;r:.,i::;,.*"" '""• " '-• •"■• '"*'''"
• .£,.',.;:.;tt,;r. <;j .«.'*».;. -:;.£, --
2. •• between two coiisoiiants is dropped.
218. Conjugate ako the corre«pondmg perfeet and pluperfect
of rarr. (ray), arrange, dra.o up (reVa^a. and eVeraV^J
ai» Learn the conjugation of the perfect and pluperfect
indicative middle and passive of ^.,«„ j f'uperieot
2. o- between two consonants is dropped.
of S':^rf r"^t '''r '^" ^^--P--^-^ I-^foet and plnperfect
of a/PTraro) {ap-rraB), rob (^p7ra<rf,ac and ^pTrdcr^yjv).
No. 15. Attic F
our Drachma Pi
ece.
PALATAL AND LINGUAL MUTE VERBS.
55
222.
VOCABULARY.
5sive of
pluperfect
i(/, in 77G
•eiiiains) y ;
respectively
>lviperfeet
•luperfect
Idle obey.,
>re OP it is
luperfect
€u, adv., well.
€vwvvnos, ov (I.'IO), of good name or
omen, ouplieuiistic for left, on the
left side, as contrasted with 5e^i6y.
fitVos, ft, ov, middle; rd iiiaov, the mid-
dle, centre.
•rrapao-K€vdS«, iropoo-Kevdo-w, etc. (rf.
irapadKevi)), (jet or make ready, jne-
pare.
<rvv-TdTT«, draw up together, marshal.
TdTTw (ray), rdgw, isTo^o, rira^a, ri-
TttYjiai, 4Tdx9T)v, arrange, order,
especially of troops, draw up, mar-
shal, post,
viTolvyiov, ov, t6, beast of burden; plur.,
baggage animals.
<})vXdTT« (<pv\aK), 4)u\d5w, 4<})v\a|a,
•ir€<}>viXoxo, irc({>v\a-y(iai., ci{>vXdxOT]v,
guard, watch, defend ; mid., defend
oneself against, guard against.
223. 1. TovTov hr) eu 7r€(f)vXdyiJLe6a. 2. ^KTau rj (TTpaTia
Kara {against) to twv iroXefJLLCJv fxecrov. 3. ol 8e TroXefiLOL
r}dpoLO-fi€POL eto-t kol nvvT^Tay pivot. 4. *A/)rafe/ofry? et?
paxnv napeo-Kevaa-To. 5. ovtol ol crrpaTtajrat ev Teraypivoi
etVtV. 6. Tw 8e Xoxdy^ ^ tovtco rjhem Treneio-paL. 7. cVe-
TaKTo Se eVt roJ evojpvpcp'^ ovto<; 6 arpaT-qyos- 8. ol oTpa-
Tryyol rjypevoi ^aav e*§ ttju 'Apra^ep^ov (Tktjvtjp. 9. /cat
ra onXa to2^ o-r/jartwrat?^ eVt dpa^Qtv tjkto kol virolvyicov.
10. at 8e o-KYjval Trec^vXay/xeVat etat rot? fiapfidpoi^.^
224. 1. The fellow has been led into the presence of
Clearchus. 2. But we had obeyed Cyrus. 3. The men on
the left (wing) had been posted at the bridge. 4. Yon have
prepared yourselves against dreadful foes. 5. The horses and
the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile country.
Notes. — i Verbs signifying to ohey take the dative (8G0). — 2 ^„j ^j^^ i^ji
(wing). — ^for the .soldiers, a dative of advantage (801). — •• The agent (20:i).
5G
READING LESSON.
iia5. The March continues. Review of the Troops.
rrjv ohov Kpy^vy^- eVl hk ra^rrj Xeycrat MtSa"? top tdrv-
pov 6r)pevcra.. ipreWev c'^cXavVa eU Tvp.alov, Ka\
J^eraCei ep rw neBico r^v crrparLiv. iK^evae S^ roi,,
^raxd-qcrav ovv eVl rerrdp^v {four deep) • el^e hk rh ah
Se^cou MeVo.. Kal ol crhv avr^, rh 8k eicouvf^op KXeapvo.
Kai OL eKeCpov, rh Sk fxecrop ol dWoL cTrpary^yoi
NoTP^.-_3 e^p.v.rat: to have caught, aorLst infinitive active.- 5. ravefl-
vat : first aonst infinitive ^vassive, to he drawn up. - Anrcp : as if.
No. 16. Si
enus the Satyr.
4'.
rUEFOSITIONS.
67
T^v napa
TOP Xdrv-
aiop, Koi
^r) jxdx'nv.
Se TO jxcp
KXea/3;^o9
— 5. ra\9fi-
J if.
LESSON XXIV.
Prepositions.
220. Prepositions are used with the genitive, dative, and
accusative. Some prepositions are used with only one of these
cases, others with two, others with all three.
227. The prepositions dvTi, ifistead of, dird, off from, from,
Latin ab, ۤ, out of, from, Latin ex, and irp6, before, Latin ;?ro,
take only tlie genitive, i^ signifies from within, out of, airo,
off from, away from.
228. ^v, in, Latin in with the ablative, and avv, with, Latin
cum, take only the dative.
221). dvd, up, and cts, into, Latin in with the accusative, take
only the accusative.
2.30. d}i<|)i, about, 8id, through, on account of, Kard, down,
|i€Td, m company with, after, and vircp, over, Latin sz^^er, take
tlio genitive and accusative.
231. cm, on, upon, irapd, alongside of, beside, ircpi, round,
about, TTpds, over against, at, to, and iiird, 2*7i(;?er, Latin sw5, take
the genitive, dative, and accusative.
2.'J2. In general, the genitive with prepositions denotes that
from which something proceeds, the dative that iti or by which
sometiiing is or takes place, the accusative that towards, over,
along, or upon which motion occurs, as :
ayycAos ^<TTL -apa Kvpov, he is a messenger from (from heside) Cyrus ;
■mxpa. T<o Kyo) ^o-ai/ ol (TTparrjyoi, the generals were with (heside) Cyrus;
ayov<n tov avOpMirov rrapa Kvpov, they bring the fellow to Cyrus.
^'^S
•4 '#
PKKiW^nii^WK
>M-..«m.l i,Mvo„.- ,1,0 p,x-p,>.M,i,M, s!,,.„l,.s ,„r „„„ „„„, „ „„j,,^
•-•••M. l',V|Ms„,o„s n,V „s,.,i ,„ |„,„,i„,r „p,„„„| v..,Ks,!WV
>l..uM M,„lv ,1„- .„„„„.„„„ ,., „„. ,.,v|.,.,„„n „i„, n„ „„„„, „„„,. , ,
l!a%.
VOv AlU I AKV.
*♦»♦». r»Vp. : with jiXMV . .J.Nn</. ,^^„.VTW-
i^;.v>.- ni)h ;hv.. ,)^^w/. nn*M.r
/^*'^' jMVp. XViJh ;UV.. >,p. „j, .,;.>»}/.
4fX«». ^^a^>, ^p^. ^PYH*». ?P\<»nv (^
VVi^K V.*>v.*/. r?NV. frj,;?) ,i)vi'. ,'om-
fira, ;uiv.. Ihau (harupxni.
IffHV IMV1> XNill, pMl. V;>»Y. Oijhmt
iNirrfp. p,vp . x\i(|, i>v„.. oivr. .j/miv. n,
M.J<r- ,;^-.- wifi, .,,v,. ,.,vr, ,|^„Y.
.<rr,,ar.,y,.,..>, .\.:„ .•,;,.<^, „■„„, ., ^,^-^^
/^<»\V>-- '>. /ur« r„;T,> ^o,>„;,„T«. .'.rra ,rra(>f,o^s ara
•0, K,.,„,, .„., ..,,., ,v; r.o <;.s.x^c;;, .:xx- „-f,.;, ,Vn.
ilions {»i"x»
luusi h()
»'»»♦/.• Willi
. «>» /Void'
)()
D/s-
s' ara
rafjLov.
eVnr
rnKrasi /70Y.S
Af»
ovro, y av rT,)o nmov \\f}ntlrf>lov irntyfirrm f)nav.
S. KvfU>^ fVf'XriMrf roi- K\f„/.y.r nyMojor firr nirrur nn^
.rr,..irin'.rfiv. rfni »Sr' ayrw cSin rop /rr.Siop, \) ,', ,Sf^ .rur/)fi'frvv
mv)fi;rrm nW-v rr,t,Mi r^r 'A/)r.iir),^,r. ^,,1 ,rr,,arM,;rav r\r.,
•2.*»7. 1. I'll,' m«\MM(Mig,MH will |.iu.mmmI fVoin llio ininKol
I*'"''' <" "" '"'"<^- '-V <'MiiM Ml..! l.iM Ml.HT* |.i ,mI nmno
'''"^"'> ^" ""' l'"l'"'''- -l. •!<' liM.i .1 Mli..M,rliu|.| „l...v(' iUo
\\\h\y;v. I. n,.|',Mv |lu> l„i((l,« til,' pmmmiiIh himm illi-,',! in ||hm,.
((Mils (,) (|u> g'Otl.S."
<!..' (i„„- tntfni, H'ht.'h (Sr.l). "Tl,,' Roniliv,. IuIIuvvm ,r,,y,., (H IV ). */.,..
fhosr ohout r,/n,s. " Dm! iv.< \\ illioiil ii |M,-|H>,Mi( i,,n.
a.'lH. Thp OiPPkn innphP Hip nAibnii/tnn wHh Vvn\
oj (Sf n^«/)fX,n;»omrt reray/ucVot H-drri TXav rrra (Sr' tovs
aX\,MN' <rr/j(ino'.rav;. /icra (V' ravra cVt/u/zf/' c^yyeXr,,.
rr<v)a rows' .rr/xtrvyops' ropv 'l-'AXv/'.^oi/s' ^al, cV/\r,„rc
-JTOfnvurOai ourrrrp <U /iaw" '>[ cS^ rmmi e^Ar^a/^ rrnv
«rr/)(tno'>raK Kal tVct oraXn-iyfu' o (raX;rtKTvv/7r^)oy«ai^
Aorrai ra orrX^JKat ,rpr K/>apy^; Tp^x^waw cVt rriv crKryra?.
roOro St r()t\ l-^afifUfmt.^ ijn^-iiw mtfmx^.
N«>Ti.:.s. 'J. ot 8r- „m/ (f,n,, Mm ,„lir!<. JM'ii,,; „h,.,| mh m, .I.M.HmHl,n.l,ivo.
Titav^ivoi: /,„rmr/ hrn, ,/,„>,'„ „/>, prilrH pnHsiv,. p.llM,«i|.|,.. kotA tXaf
% .".H.7/.,rmr.v (Uv). (i. <adXmYt.v: a..ri,sl, of .r„A7^/^... j-'ur n, ,.iH.,n. of
atn.in|H-l,.r(,ruA,r,Kr»/v), H,',. N,.. r.r,. H. ,rap-.lx. ■ 'vn^.W (7r«y,-,>,)
60
LABIAL AND PALATAL MUTE STEMS.
m
m
LESSON XXV.
Labial and Palatal Mute Stems of the Consonant Declension.
239. Tlie Third or Consonant Declension includes all nouns
whose stems end in a consonant or in i or v. Tlie stem may
generally be found by dropping the case ending of the genitive
singular.
240. The case endings are :
Masculink and Pkminini:
singular.
N. -s or — (-S or — )
G. -OS (-is)
D. -I (-4)
A. -a or V (-em)
V. -s or — (s or — ) .€s (-es)
a. The corresponding forms in Latin are added in parenthesis.
241. The dual has n.a.v. -c, g. d. -oiv, in all genders.
242. Learn the declension r.f kX(&x|/, thitf, (|)i3Xa|, ffuard,
<|)dXa-y|, phalanx, and 8icopu|, canal, in 743.
243. In the nominative singular and dative plural s unites with a
final labial (,r p +) in the stem to form ,|., with a final palatal (k ^ v) to
lorm g. i V I A.y vy
244. Monosyllabic stems of the consonant declension accent
«ie last syllable in the genitive and dative of all numbers.
The endings olv and (ov are eircumflexed.
J'KMININK.
Ne
UTER.
TLURAL.
SINGULAR.
I'LURAL.
-tS (-es)
- (-)
-a (-a)
-<ov (-urn)
-OS (-is)
-wv (-u?n)
-<ri (-ihus)
-I (4)
-o-i (-ibus)
-as or vs (-as)
-(-)
-a (-a)
— (— ) -a (-a)
N
LABIAL AND PALATAL MUTE STEMS.
61
245.
VOCABULARY.
clension.
all nouns
^tem may
! genitive
ER.
I'LUUAL.
a (-a)
tov (-u?n)
Jt (-ihus)
a (-a)
1 (-a)
, guards
Bs with a
(•« Y X) to
ti accent
umbers.
8i«pv|, vxoi, 17, canal, ditch.
clo-poX^, ^j, if, entrance, pass.
cir-ci)ii, be on or upon, be over.
©pijl, ep{t<c6s, 6, a Thracian.
Owpal, oAcos, 6, breastplate. No. 17.
Kfipv|, D/fos, 6, herald. No. 75.
KCXi|, tKoj, 6, a Cilician.
<|>dXa-y5, (pdXayyos, 17, /ine 0/ ha<«/e,
phalanx.
<j>v\a5, oKoj, 6 (t/. 0uXdTTw), ivatcher,
guard.
No. 17. Alexander the Great.
246. 1. KXeapxo? etxei^ OTrXtrd? x^Xtov? /cat TreXraoTas
<fi)pa/ca5. 2. iKeXevo-e Tropeveadat ttjv <j)d\ayya. 3. 8ta
f Tou e(opdKo<; iro^evdr) vtto rod KtXt/co?. 4. rore Se a/xa
j ^p WW^ KTJpdKa^ eVe/xi/ze Trept o-ttoi/Swi/. 5. eV Se t^
€19 TO irehiov da^oXfj rerayfiepoL elcrl twp KlXikcdv <j>^XaKe<;.
6. dXX' eV /xeW2 i^^ej, toG Trora/ioO /cat 7^9 8twpt;xo9.
7. ot ya/) TofoVat rou9 /cXw7ra9 i^ioi^av. 8. to 8e evcu-
I'u/xoi/ T179 </)aXayyo9 avrw^/ Trapa rw 7rora/AW ^j;. 9. Tor9
yap @paf i 7roXepto9 ^j^. 10. erre{)6>ei. eVopevoi^ro eVt tt^v
Stwpuxcf y€(jivpaL S' inrja-ap.
62
LABIAL AND PALATAL MUTE STEMS.
247. 1. This thief was dishonored. 2. The Cilicians have
horses. 3. He sent Thraeians (as) gnards. 4. The heavy-
armed men had l.rea.ipiates. 5. The canal is long and narrow,
and upon it is a bridge.
XOTKS ^at dnyhreak (literally at the same time with the flay) The
dative IS used with words implying umon (804). — 2 iv ^/<ra,: hetwee,,.
248. The Troops are forced to halt at the Cilician Pass.
iK Se Tvpiaiov eftXauVet 7rpo<; AaVa. Kal XvKdovidv
hLTfpTTadav ol o-rpaTLwraL- noKefXid yap avrw ^u. iu
Se AaVot? /xeVet 6 Kvpo? Vf^epd^ rpel^s, Kal ^diroKTetv^i
Meya<f>4pvr)v, ^oivIkkjtt^v f^aaiXeiov ine/SovXeve yap
6 avrw. ^ ivTevdev elcre/SaXXou ei? ttjp KtAi/ctdi^ • oj 8f
etV^o^ ^p 6Sb^ a>a^-tT09, opOid Kal aTeuyj • iXdyero 8^
Kal Xv€j^p€(TL<; o KtXtf ehai inl twv aKpcov, (jyvXaTTcop rrfu
elo-fioXijv. Sta TovTo efxevop rjfxepdp iv rw TreStoi-
XoTES 1. Study the route ou the map. _ 5. clWPaXXov : the^f tried
to enter, imperfect of «'o-/?AAa>, expressing attempted action. — G. dniaMs :
cf. dfxa^a. — 7. <|>v\dTT«v : (juarding, present participle active.
No, 18. ttAtt/.
|.^.
LIN a UAL MUTK STEMS.
63
ians have
lie lieiivy-
d iiairow,
fill/). The
'ween.
VKaoviav
TjV. ^V
TTOKTCLVeL
eve yap
t' • 77 Sf
eyeTo Se
^T(t)P TTjV
they tried
cifia^iTds :
LESSON XXVI.
Lingual Mute Stems of the Consonant Declension.
• ii4J). Learn tlie declension of vv|, riiyhf, dcrms, shield,
opvis, binf, Y^'pwv, old mmi, ;nid apfia, chariot, in 744.
250. In the nominative singular and dative plural of the first three
nouns the final lingual (t 8 0) of the stem is dropi-Hl before s. vv'^ there-
fore stands for vv/cr-s, vvk-s, ks beccjuiing $. So vv/cr-o-i, vvK-ai, vv^i'.
251. ^J'he fourtii noun ye>(ov rejects «r in the nominative, and length-
ens o to ca. Fmal t is dropped, since this letter cannot stand at the end of
a word. In the dative plural both v and t are dropped before o-, and o is
lengthen -d to ov.
252. In the accusative singular most masculines and feminines add a
to ronsonant stems, but nouns in is, except oxvtones (25), drop the final
T 8 e of the stem and add v. Thus 6pyU (stem dpvlO), 6pvlv; but danc,,
oxytone (stem da-TriO), dairtSa.
25.3. The vocative singular of most masculines and feminines with
mute hiems is like the nominative, but the vocative singular of stems in
18, and of those in vt except of oxy tones, is the mere stei. Final 8 or t
is dropped, since aeither of these letters can stand at th end of a word.
Thus, vocative dcriri, yipov.
254. The nominative, accusative, and vocative singular of nputers
such as 5.ppa, are the simple stem. Final t is dropped. In the aative
pluT- il T is dropped before «r.
255. VOCABULARY.
opuo, aros, r6, chariot. No. 26.
d«nr£s, ibos, ij, shield. No. 34.
yipav, ovTOi, 6, old man.
tXir^s, Idoi. v, hope.
vtKT], Tjy, 7), victory.
vv{, vvKTbi, i}, night.
6pvis, Wos, 6, 7]. ' ird.
o-Tdjia, aros, t6, m.^nth; of an army, van.
crrpdrcvua, aros, rh (cf. arparid, arpa-
T£ii-rt;j), army.
XApis, £T09, i], grace, fav ,-. gratitude;
xdpiv ^xw, be or feel grateful.
64
Lisa UAL MUTK STKMS.
2r»<>. 1 . iv Se rah (TKiqvaU rjaav annrih^^. 2. cVrt Se
(TTpdrevfia WepaLKou iv rw Tra/aaSettrw. 3. rot? oui/ ^eot?
Xo.piv dxov TTJi; vIkt)^} 4. 7171^ y^vpav ravrrju \i\vKeu 6
o-aTpdnr]'; rrj^ pvkto^.'^ 5. tw Se ycpouTL tovtco €K€luol
TToXcfMLOL ^j-au. (>. inopevouTo 8e eiy^u? tVt to toO Trorct-
/xoC (TTOfxa. 7. crui^ rot? ^coi? KaXal rat (TTparevpLaTL cXttiSc?
cio-t vtKT]<;. 8. cV Se rat? otVtat? ijo-ai/ opplOt^. l). exo/ici/
/cat oTrXa /cat dpfiara /cat t/cai^a ra eVtrrJSeta.
257. 1. We feci grateful to the old man. 2. At night they
ceased from battle.^ 3. Cyrus had twenty chariots. 4. The
bowmen shot birds and wild jisses in the plain. 5. The army
was cut to pieces by these barbarians.
NoTKS. — 1/"' I'icfon/, a .t^'cnitivo of cause (851). —2 Genitive of the
time within which (854). — » (kniitive of separation (849).
258. Cyrus reaches Tarsus, which the Troops destroy.
rrj 8' vo-TcpaCa rJKeu ayyeXo? Xeyojp otl Tret^euye SveV-
vea-LS. Kvpo^ ovv dvafiaivei inl rd r'xpa, ivrevdev Se
/caTa/3atVet et? TreStoi^ Kakov. Sta Se tovtov iXavuei
wapacrdyya^; irevre /cat euKocriv el<; Tapaovs, €v6a rjv
6 ^ao-tXeta. eV Se ttj vnep/BoXfj rfj ei? to ireSiov /care-
KOTT-qaav, oJ? Xeyerat, iKarov oTrXtrat tov Meucovo';
o-rparev/iaros vtto tcjp KlXlkojv. ol Se aXXot eVet rJKov,
Tapaov^ ^t^rj pir aaav Sta tov oXeOpov tcop aTpaTLCDTOiv.
Notes. — 1. rfj v<rT€pa£«j : the next {day), vf^cpa being understood, a
dative of the time when (870)- — -Jr^'-Yc ; second perfect of ^cvyco, ^ee.
— 2. ava-Pa(vci : the verb /SaiVw means go.
ADJECTIVES OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION. G5
. CCTTt Se
ov nOTCL-
. €)(OfJi€V
ight tliey
4. The
riio army
ive of the
ye SveV-
evdev 8e
evOa rjv
ov Kare-
yi€V(x)VO<S
ei rJKov^
ITCOlf.
erstood, a
it;yco, Jlee.
LESSON XXVII.
Adjectives of the Consonant Declension.
2r>» . The fcmiiiino of Adjtintives of Uw, r nn^n.Hn.f Dechm-
A- DecluiiHJoii. Its iioininiitive singiihir ends in oT^sh^"
2<;(). I.eam tlio deolonsion of xa£i€is, </raaful, irds, all, and
CKcoy, wiUw^, in 752, and of tlie paiticii.lo \i5a)V, looZu/, in 754.
'i'hcso have stems in vt. "^
2«1. The foiuiiiine of tliese adjectives ia declined like OdXarTa (()2).
202. The nominative singnlar masculine either ends in «, ])efore
whicli VT is dropped and the ].r..ce.ling vowel lengtliened (« to it and a
to a), or rejects s, like y^^cv (744). For the vocative singular nuisculine
ot ;(a/36ets and ckwj/, see 25)}.
tiiUi. In the dative plural masculine and neuter of xa/)t'ct9, € is not
lengtliened, although vt is dropped. ^,7, lacks the vocative singular and
the dual. Tlie forms TrdvTojv and ttSo-i are iiregular in accent (cf. 244).
2C$4. VOCAB
fi-iras, d-TTda-a, d-vav, all together, all.
€Kwv, owa, 6v, willing, of one's axon
accord; in the prod., ivillingly.
«Ti, adv., yet, still, longer.
ti'Stj, adv., already, now, forthwith.
0avndS« {davij-ab), eav|id<ro(ioi, I0av-
ftao-a, TcOavfiaKa, ^Oav)jid<r0T]v, won-
der at, admire, wonder.
ovK-^Tt, adv., no longer.
ULARV.
iros, Tracra, irdv {cf. trivv), all, entire.
<rT6Xos, ov, 6, armed force, expedition.
o-vv-dyu, bring together, collect.
v(rT€pos, d, ov, later ; wrepov as adv.,
later, afterwards.
XapUis, ecro-a, tv {cf x^pis), graceful,
accomidished, clever.
XP^fia, aros, t6, something one uses •
plur., things, money.
66
ADJECTIVES OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION.
¥■
^265. 1. oj^et i^cov nap to o-Tpdrevfia. 2. raOra 8e eXefe
Traai' ror? o-rpancorats. 3. ot Se oTrXrrat aVai/re? ';^(7ai/
/xvptot /cat^x^'^to'- 4. 6 pedvCds xaptei? cVrt. 5. vo-repov Se
XPVlidTa iTrefxxjjep cKchv iravTi rw Grrparev/Ltan. 6. et? Se roi/.
irapaSeicrop iTL avpayeu ttolp to (TTpaTevfia. 7. at cnrovhai
d(TL KoX To2s aXXois aTTdo-LP. 8. a-TpaT-qyos yjSr) ^p 6 Kv/jos
TraVro)!/ rwi/ eV ra5 ireBCcp /Sapfidpcjp. 9. dXXct, c3 KXeapxe,
ovK€TL^ TTopeva-ofxeOa iKoPTe^ crvp Kvpco. 10. TraVre? yap
OavfxdaroPTai tovtop top (ttoKop.
266. 1. Everything has been done by the generals. 2. All
the soldiers were proceeding willingly. 3. The gifts of the
satrap were all beautiful. 4. Afterwards all the guards were
drawn up. 5. The entire army proceeded through the plain
twenty-five parasangs.
Note. — i Tras and aTras generally have the predicate position (813).
267. The Troops refuse to advance.
ipTavOa fiepei Kvpo^ /cat y cTTpaTia r}fxepd<; €lko(tlp. ol
yap o-rpartwrat ovKiTi rfOekop iropeveaOai • vncoirTcvop
yap ^St) inl 'ApTa^€p^r)p top cttoXop eWt. Trpwro? Se
KXeapxo^ rov<s avTov (TTpaTiuyrd<; eKeXeve TTopeveo-Oat ■
5 ol Se avTOi^ re i^aXXop Kal ra vTroCvyia tol tKeCpov.
va-Tepop Se avpijyaye Toifs crTpaTiayrd<;, Kal irp^Top fih
iBaKpdep ' ol Se iOavp^alop • eira 8e eXefe raSe.
Notes.— 2. •fjecXov: imperfect of e^cAw. — W«iirTcvov : imperfect of
VTroTTTcvo). — 3. elvai: translate, that it was, etc. Cf. 191, 3.-4. airofi;
of himself, his otm. — 5. oiU: bufthey. Cf. 238, 2.
'•I
ON.
8e eXefe
res 'qa-av
TTcpov Be
:(.9 oe TOP.
cnrovhai
6 Kv/jos
K^Xeapxe,
^re? yap
2. All
s of the
rds were
:lie plain
(813).
CONTRACT VERBS IN a(o IN THE INDICATIVE.
67
(iiTTTevOV
(OTO<? Se
vecrOai •
tKeCvov.
TOP fiev
erfect of
i. auToii ;
LESSON XXVIII.
Contract Verbs in aw in the Indicative.
268. Two successive vowels, o r a vowel an(lj i^fHp}if}.nng.,
with in a word, may be" united by CoNTKACTm v in a^single
long vowel or a diphthon p-.
269. Verbs in aw, €«^ and oco^ contract the final a, €, o of
the verb stem with the followii^ vowel or diphtholl^ in the
present and imperfect.
270. Learn the conjugation of the present and imperfect
indicative active, middle, and passive of Tijide), hoiior, in 781.
271. Observe that
(1) a + o, ou, or(o = a); a + €:=:a; a + €t = qi.
272. A contracted syllable is accented if either of the
original syllables had an accent. A contracted penult or
antepenult is accented regularly (21, 22). A contracted final
syllable is circumflexed ; but if the original word was oxytone
(25), the acute is retained.
273. A verb is called a vowel verb, n. rnute verb, ora
liUid±mh^ according to the final letter of its stem. This may
be a vowel, a mute, or a liquid (X |jl v p).
274. Most stems ending in a short vowel lengthen this
vowel in all tenses except the present and imperfect, a or €
to 7], and to (0 ; but a after €, i, or p generally becomes a.
Thus, rifidco, Tlfiijcrco, irt/xrjaa, rert^ica, rert/JLtf^ai, irlfi^0r,j;.
68
CONTRACT VERBS IN ao) IN THE INDICATIVE.
275.
VOCABULARY.
i n
Podio, Po^<ro|Aai., l^r\<ra, shout, call out,
cry out
cl, conj., if, xohether (a proclitic).
cpwrdw, ^pwTi]<r(i>, e<c., cwfc a question,
inquire.
viKdtt, viK^ao), etc. (c/. j/kij), conquer,
surpass, be victorious.
gcvo(|>Mv, (Sj/tos, 6, Xenophon, an
Athenian, author of the Anabasis.
6p(i.dM, 6p|i^(r(i>, ete., set in motion,
rush; mid., set out or forth, start.
iroXXdKis, adv., ofte^i, frequently.
Tip.d«, Tin^a-d), etc. {cf. d-Ti/xdi^u), value,
esttem, honor.
276. 1. ivlKare tov^ fxera Kvpov (f)v\aKa<;. 2. plKcofi€0a
VTTO T(ov KlXlkcov. 3. 6 Sc B€vo(l)(ov avTOP rjpuyrd, " Tt {why)
fioa^; 4. Ki)/)09 Se (opfjiaTO dno Trjq KcofjLjjf; Trjq vvkto<;^
fieta Bevo^Q)vro<;. 5. ol dfi(j)l Kvpov Xeyovcnu on tol Trdvra^
PLKcoo-i. 6. Kvpo? KXcapxop TroXXct^ts ireTlfJLrjKei' 7rdvTa<s
yap Toifq dyadov? els iroXcpiov ijifxa. 7. ipayra el kol toI<;
aX\ot9 arpaTiarraLS at (nrovSai elcnv. 8. ovrot ot (TTpaTiw-
Tat eviK(i)v Tovs %paKas. 9. eV rot? Uepaais ol yepovres
Tlp,(ovTai. 10-. /cat ei/^i>5 rw KXeap;)^a> efiod dyeiv to arpd-
TevjJia /caret fieo-ov to^ t(ov iroXefiLcov.
277. 1. He conquers the enemy. 2. And he honored the
general with other gifts.* eS. But the soldiers were shouting
to the guards to stop, 4. This man asks whether you admire
the army. 5. When Cyrus set out,^ I proceeded ^ at once to
Phrygia.
Notes. — 1 Genitive of the time within which (854). — 2 Adverbial accusa-
tive (835), are completely victorious.—^ Note the position of the article (812).
— * Use the dative (866) ^ u»e the imperfect.
VfJt,
by
I
READING LESSON.
69
278.
The Speech of Clearchus, and its Effect.
I' ai/S^e? (fellow) crr/DanJirat, ifiol feVo? iaTLP 6 Kvpos
/cat iroWdKLS ^Sry TeTlfjirjKe. /3ouXo/xat odi^ o-vfxwopf^e-
a-OaL avrai. eVel Si D/xer? €>ol o^/c e6>eX€re ireiOeaeai,
iyy a-vv Vfxlu ^oiiai • ^/xet? ya/) e>ot eWe Kal <f>i\oi /cal
5 (TV/A/xa^ot."
ravra cXefci/. ot 8^ o-r/DarKSrat ol re auroO eVeiVov
/cat lI dWoL iiraivovcTi - irapa 8e r^p dWa^i/ (TTpaTrjym'
Sto-xtXtot exo»/r€? ra OTrXa /cat ra (TK€vo(f>6pa (TTpaTone-
Sevo.raL wapa Kkcapxov.
Notes. — 1. Iw)(: dative of the first r,ersonal pronoun ivi!,, I (Latin
ego). For the case, see 862. _ 3. C^cts : you (plural), genitive T,^!hv, dative
mv, accusative v;i59. - 4. g^ojiat : future of eVo/xat, /.//««,. - -7. l,ratvovo-t •
by contraction for iiratviovai, from iiraivtw, praise.
No. 19. Greek Armor.
70 CONTIiACT VmiBS IN eco AND oco IN THE INDICATIVE.
LESSON XXIX.
Contract Verbs in €co and oo) in the Indicative.
279. Learn the conjugation of the present and imperfect
indicative active, middle, and passive of iroUo), do, make, in 782,
and of 8T]Xd(o, manifest, in 783.
280. Observe that
(2) €-f-a)z=(o; € + ooroU:^OV; € + €0r€t=€l.
281. Observe also that
(3) o+(o = a); o + o, €, or ou = ov ; o -f- €i =r oi.
a. Review the rule for accent in 272.
282.
d8iK^«, d8iK^o-«, etc. {cf. AdiKos), be
unjust, do wrong, wrong, injure.
&-81KOS, ov (d neg. 4- SIky)), unjust.
opx«v, ovToi, 6 (cf. &pxu), ruler, com-
mander.
8t|\6(», 8t]X«ora), etc., make clear, show,
manifest.
'EXXds, ddos, T) {cf. 'E\\t)vik6s), Greece.
KOK«3s {cf. KaK6i), adv., badly, ill.
Ko\«to), KaX«, ^HtAXeo-a, K^KXtjKa,
VOCABULARY.
K^KXrifxai, ^KXVjeriv, call, summon,
name.
8ti, conj., that, because, since.
iroUw, iroiVja-w, etc., do, make; KaKws
TToUu), treat badly, harm, injure,
ravage.
iroXcfi^w, iroX«nV«, etc. {cf irdXe^os),
war, make war, fight.
4>i\i<a, <J)iX^<r«, €<|>(XTi<ra, ir«<|)£XT|(iai,
4<J>iXyjGt]v {cf. 0/\os, <pi\m), love.
^ 283. 1. 6 Se TTora/xo? KaXelraL MaiapSpos. 2. 6 Se
dpx<ou cVoXe'/tei dSiKou Tro'Xe/xo^.i 3. rov^ Kipov ^Ckov<;
KaKw<; TTotare. 4. ror^rov^; y^p rovs apxovra^ ol cTrpariwrai
10
'ATIVE.
inperfect
e, in 782,
= €1.
01.
summon,
te; KaKus
, injure,
E4>(\T||iai,
love.
I. o oe
(f)ikov<s
T.J>ofio. nocovcrc rol, i^^o., rfj Kpavyrj.^ 8. WX.^ S^ 5
Kv/,0, ,,,^d,j- HS.VOV. ro^ £.epo.no.;" 9. S^Xo? S^ Sn
anopou .a-n^ ay«^ ri <Trpdrev^.a et, r^ 'EXXaSa. 10. in^p
r7?9 EXXaSos eVoXe^ov,. ^.ra rSu a"XX«^ • .Vei 8^ KCpo,
eKoXci, enopfvonrji- vpo^ avrov.
284. 1. Are the other sokliei's doing this? 2. The bar
banans are wronged by the guards. 3. You love these more"
ban you love) the others. 4. The Thracians are wronghg
the alhes. 5. They ask whether you were calling the bowmen^
Notes. - ■ A cogmie accusative (833). _ ' Dative of meam (806).
-•Sr,. Cyrus is perplexed, but states his professed Purpose.
Kvpo, S^^^ere^eV^ero rou KXiapxo,- 6 8^ Uuac ^ku
ovK r,deU, Xadpa. Se tS,v crrpan^orS,,. irdpTro^v ai™ ayy.Xo^
«Xeye dappelv. ' ' '
^ ixera 8^ raCra ^„rjyaye roi, arparidni^ koX Sr,Xol
6 or, anopo^ean ^.'^.,, nop,^ea0a. d, rr,u 'EXXaSa aV„
™. c..r„8a..- ^ d dyop^ ^, ,v ™ /3a/>;8ap«o; arpar..^
Man. 01 8 epc.™,T. Kvpo„ d i, 6oo, p.aKpi. eVn^- 6 8'
a^o^pt^cra, (««««,.,) «"„ 'A^^oKo^a^ c^^^^. cl^o eVJ
10 TTOpevia-rtox.
NoiK.,. _ Uvai : ,„ ,„ (to fo-m), present infinitive of c?„, „„
on « J ,tL ■ .^T '• '""'"'' '■ ''y ^"■"'^""''n for «W«.v, and depe. lent
««^';/^;38V ;'fr''T"*"-*- ^'^^"^'^ <■/ 207,0.-7. .iw,
y. ..38, i. _ 8. <x«P05 Aviip : a ,„„„ (who i, Im) enm„j.
!l J
72
CONTRACT NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES.
LESSON XXX.
Contract Nouns and Adjectives of the Vowel Declension.
28(5. Most adjectivefc! in cos and cos suffer contraction.
287. Learn the declension of XRvo"©!)?, golden, dirXoOs,
simple, sincere, and dpYvpovs, of silver, in 751.
288. Tliese adjectives, in their contracted forms (which alone occur in
Attic Greek), differ from d-ya06s and afios (750) only in the following
particulars : (1) they have o9s and ovv for os and ov ; (2) no distinct
vocative forms occur ; (3) they circumflex the final syllable throughout,
except in the nominative and accusative masculine and neuter dual.
289. Compound adjectives in oo*; are of two terminations (130) and
keep the accent on the same syllable as in the contracted nominative siuLniiar.
as (tvvoos) ciJvovs, {cvvoov) cvvowv, well-disposed, genitive (ivvoov) tvvov, etc.
290. Some contract nouns are declined like the adjectives
in 287.
291. Learn the declension of vovs, mind, \Lvd, mina, and
■y^, earth, in 742.
292.
VOCABULARY.
dKivdKT]s, ou, 6, Hhort sword. No. 11.
dirXoOs, Tj, ovp, simple., sincere.
dpYvpovs', a, ovv, of silver, silver.
y% 7^y, T], earth, ground, land.
tKacTTos, 77, ov, each, every.
s{j-vfi"jf J aui' (f>^' -f- I'oOv), )ceU-di°'oosed
H-vd, fivcis, ij, mina = $18.00.
vovs, vov, 6, mini; cV f^) ex", have in
mind intend.
o-TptTTos, ou, 6, necklace, collar. No. 21.
XaXKovs, rj, oOv, of bronze, bronze.
Xpvuo-Ds, §, ovif, of gold, gold.
8.
CONTUACT NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. 73
^203 1. eS,.o. 8^ Ktpo> ol ip^ovri, el,r,„. 2. ^.CXoc,
ev.oc, Kvpo, ;r.<.r^, ,V. 3. „v\oC, ^. 6 roC ,^Aa«o,
Wo. f- ra S. SS,pa ^.a. .rpenrol ^pi^ol 5. KCpo,
oTrXtrg e«a<rra, ^e>,/,a neure ^m9. 6. n' («./.«Q i„ ,^
^X^rt; 7. rdre eV r^ yg ^p^^^ ^^.^^ „r^„^ ^^^ ^.^ ^^
^aXarri,. 8. al Si neXra. xaX^al ,Va.. 9. Si>pa 8' „iri
e«-e;.^a/.e. <Trpe.r6. x/'-croO. .„t <!«,>„',,. dpyr.poC
10. ..oXe^« row e^^fl' .al ^ard y^. «ai .ard 0oi\arra..
204 1. Each of the heralds has five mina.. 2. Cyrus sent
ute.ul? 4 1. or Cyrus liad a short sword of gold. 5. The
other generals are well-disposed to Xeuophou.
Note.-' tvith Ihe Thraciam. For the case, see 864.
2»5. Cyrus promises additional Pay. Syennesis becomes friendly.
I^l%-£anW^TO!^ oV aV« ^ph, 'Apra-
i^piV, o^cos Se tTTO^Tat. TT/^ocraiToCo-t Si p.ccr06p. 6 Si
Kvpoj ,W.<rx^«r„t «aa™ <rrpan<irg d^rl 8a>««oi) rpca
^^.8a^e«a- on Se^ eVi ro. dSeX<t>6u eV .^' /;^.« nope^Jff^
6 e^rav^a a«ou« oiSet? (noMi,) cV ye .^(3 ^a.-epcS
eV 8^^ Tap<ror5 2ueV«<rc5 ^^^ e'Sco^' (gave) Kipa, vpW-
/.ara «s r,. arparc^., KCpo. 8f i.eiuo. 'U^ou ^al orpc-
JTTO^ Xpva-ovu Kal ^e'Xta «al aKt>aV,,,. XP^<^ovv.
Notes. -1. rot, o^parLira.,: dative of ;,os.,mor (862), the .oMier, hav.
thetr m,/„cwm, i.e. Ihcu .™,,/«rt. _ .1 rp!.: Latin /n„ 1 ™«.'°'*«" *a!"^
equals Latin .,.-,„,■- „ ;; .'..-._'. t"" '""---J- 1p8ap..K4 : ^^..
8. +<W , for a picture of the ^Aco., amfc,, see No. 89.
mfmd^^-A.:,i>st^-
74 DEPONENT VERBS. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
I
m
LESSON XXXI.
Deponent Verbs. Conditional Sentences.
296. Review the indicative of Xvco in 705-770, and of the
perfect and pluperfect indicative middle and passive of mute
verbs in 775-777.
297. Majix_m:bs^alled Deponent Verbs , have no active
voice ^t are used in the middle oiMn the mi ddle and passive
in jji_active seiise.
298. In most deponent verbs the principal parts are the present, future
aorist, and perfect of the indicative middle. These are cnWed'middle depo-
nents. Thus, (lY^o^ai, lead, condurf, -rivVoixai, tiYT](rdHiT]v, iiYT](itti.
299. A few deponent verbs have the aorist passive instead of the
aorist middle. Those are called passive deponents. Thus, PovXonoi, will,
tvish, povX^(ro|iai, pcpovXTjjiai, 4pouX^0tjv.
300. Some verbs which have active forms are nevertheless used almost
exclusively in the middle, or mid.lle and passive, and practically become
deponent.-, as ,i€ToWjxTro|xai and crvo-rpoTtvo^ai, used as middle deponents,
and iropcvonai, as a passive deponent. See 178.
301. In conditional sentences the clause containing the con-
dition is called the protasis, and that containing the conclusion
is called the apodosis. The protasis is introduced by some form
of €1, if.
302. The supposition contained in a protasis may be either
particMlar or gei^al. A particular ^supposition refers to a
definite act supposed to occuTJiTrd^fimtrtim? A general
supposijtipn refers indefinitely to any act, which may be sup-'
posed to occur at any time.
of the
■ mute
active
lassive
future,
e depo-
of the
It, will,
almost
)ecoine
3nents,
3 con- V
usion
form
iither
to a
neral
sup-
\
DEPONENT VERBS. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 75
303. The negative of the protasis is regularly jii^, that of I
the apodosis is ov. "• I
304. 1 €l irp^TTci TovTo, KaXcos €X€i, if he is doing this, it
18 welt, 81 hocfacit, bene est.
2. €l €7rpa|€ toOto, KaXcos c'xo., {/' /,, did this, it is well, '
St hoc feat, bene est.
The protasis here has the indicative ; it states a particular supposition
in the prese- or past, and in.plies nothing as to its fulfiln.ent. The
apodosis ha i . verb in the present indicative, but it n.av have any forn.
ot the verb demanded by the tiiought. '
. ^^^' ^^^^ the protasis mn^^l^ dates a present or past •
pai-ticular sup position, imt)lving n othi.ur as to the fulfilment /
^^ -tjie condition, it has the indir^n.tiv. .vUb ^l. Any form of " /
the verb may stand in the apodosis.
306. 1. d cirpalc tovto, KaXcos av €(rx€V, if he had done
this. It would have been ivell, si hoefeci^set, bene fuisset
2. €l i'TTpSTTC TovTo, KaXcos CIV ctx^v, if he ivere {now) doing
this. It tvould be well, si hoc faceret, bene essct; or, as in 306, 1,
if he had done this, it woidd have been well.
^ The protasis in these examples has a secondary tense of the indicative •
It states a supposition in the present or past, and in.plies that the condition
IS not, or rvas not fulfilled. The apodosis has a secondary tense of the
indicative with av.
tiqn^mplying t hat tli ^eondition is not, or wmjiot fulfilled]
the secondary tenses .of,t!]e.. indicative are used in both protasis'
and apodosis. The apodo sis has the adverb avT" "^
2. The imperfect here refers to present time or to an act
a^ going on or repeated in past timii (of. S06, 2), the aorist to a
simple occurrence in past tim.e.
\
76
llii:
DEPONENT VERBS. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
VOCABULARY.
308.
dir-dY(i>, lead away or back,
Poii\o)iiai, PovX^o-Ofjiai, P€PovXT])i.ai,
^PovX^Ot^v, will, wish, desire.
TJ-y^ofiiai, TJ-yi^o-ofiiai, r\'>/r\<r6ni,r\v, r\yr]\i.ai
{<•/. <l7w), lead the way, lead, guide,
conduct.
KaXus {cf. Ka\6s), adv., beautifully,
bravely, finely, success/idly, well;
KttXws exet, it is well.
|i^, adv., not.
ir(ipdo|iai, ircip]((ro|iai, ir<ir«CpS|iai,
iirtipiQr\v (274), try, attempt.
•trp^TT<a{Trpay), irpd|(o, cirpa^a, ir^irpa'ya
and TT^irpaxa, ir(irpa-y|iai, iirp&\Oi\v,
do, act, accomplish.
Xpdoftoi, xp^o-ofiai, ixpr\<r6nLr\v, K(\pi\-
(jiai {cf. xpvf^a), use, make use of,
employ.
30J). 1. Kupo9 Tols tTTTTOts^ Ka\(os ixpyjcTaTO. 2. ct
TavTa iirpd^av, KaXojs ecrx^v- 3. el ravra inpd^av, /caXois
au ecrxeu. 4. aepo(f)(oi' iftovXero [xeTa T(ov dWcov iropev-
eo-dai. 5. T&> crr/oarev/iaTt^ rjyiqTai els to TrehCov. 6. e^ov-
XtJOt] nefiTreLv dno tov a-TOfxaTOS OTrXtrd?. 7. roi^ Se
o-rpaTiqyop i-rreLpdro ireiOeiv. 8. et iir) ySovXerat Kkeapxos
avTovs oLTrdyeiv, dWoi cTTpaTiqyol rjyyja-ovTaL. 9. ivopeveTo
dv em Tous noXefiLovs, el arpdrevfia elx^p. 10. aW ct
/SovXovTau crvv tol<; dXXotq TTOpeveadai eis T7)v 'EXXctSa,
TjKeiv KeXevei avrovs ttJs vvktos-
310. 1. If he has the money, he will send (it) to the army.
2. He attempted to cut the enemy's army to pieces in the
night. 3. If this is so,^ I will lead the troops at once to the
stronghold. 4. He would not have done this, if I had not
bidden him. 5. He wished to dismiss all the guards.
Notes. — ^ xP'^o/*"'* "*"^ (serve oneself hy) takes the dative of means (866).
Cf. Latin ulor with the ablative ^ Dative of advantage (861). — » ovToi^
exu.
s.
SUBJUNCTIVE ACTl
i i
(ir<CpS)iai,
I, ir^irpS^a
'ce use of,
2. €i
, Ka\(x)<s
TTopev-
. i^ov-
Tov Se
eapxos
opevero
dW ct
e army,
in the
to the
lad not
ns (866).
-'» OVT 0)<i
311. Arrival of the Fleet at Issus with Reinforcements.
ivT€v6€i efeXauVet araOfiovq irevTe irapudd'^ ^ d? rpia-
Kovra € 'T( J?. ivravOa fxepovcrLv rifxepd^ rpels • Kal
Kvpu) nu ijcrav at e/c UeXonopprjo-ov uije^ TpiaKovra Kal
irivT^ KoX in aurat? vavapxos UWayopd^; AaKeSaifjioPLo^.
5 U.I Bk p^€^ olpfiow napa Trjv Kvpov o-ktjptJp. napijp 8e Kal
X€LpLaro(f>o^ Aa/ceSat/AoVto9, p^eTanefnTTo^ {,7ro Kvpov, eWa-
Koa-Lovs €X(op onXiTdq - tovtcov io-rpaTrjyei napa Kvpa,.
Notes. — 3 rjis: noiuinative plural of mSs. Cf. Latin nCiues. —
4. airais: refers to v^cs, whicii ^s feminine. — vavopxos: vavs + apxo>. -
5. «p^o«v: see opfxU — G. K^T-^ircHirTos: verbal adjective from /xcTa7re>7ro/xat.
— 7. io-TpaT^Y*^ : c/: arparriyoi. The genitive follows (TTparriyeu) (847).
LESSON XXXII.
Subjunctive Active. Vivid Future Conditions.
^*^- Qlll:Lthe present, aorist, and pprf ect tense s occur in
the subjunctive . T hej)erfect is rare.
313. The time expressed by the present and aorist subjunctive is gener-
ally future, the present expressing the action as fjoing on or repeated, the
aorist expressing simply its occurrence, as kkv K«\^tl, If he shall he hirulerinn
or If he shall Under (habitually), but .^v kcuX^tt,, simply if he shall hinder. '
314. Learn the conjugation of the subjunctive active of \tco
in 7G5 (Xvco), 767 (Xucro)), and 768 (XcUko)).
316. The subjunctive has the long vowel « or i, in place of the final
vowels o or c and a of the tense suffixes found in the indicative (138, 140
148). The form is « before ^ or v in the personal endings, elsewhere i,'
Uie subjunctive uses the endings of the primary tenses (136).
^
I
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
V.
/
O
/
'/
>;>' c,
.V 4?
"^
.<$>
*t ^'
^.
Q-
m<
WJi
1.0
I.I
IfflllM 112.5
L^ 1^ 12.0
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78
SUBJUNCTIVE ACTIVE.
E'. a
310. ^^v irpaTTXi (or Trpa|xi) tovto, Ka\(os €|€i, if he shall
do this {if he does this), it will be well, si hoc faciet, bene erit.
The protasis is liere introduced by iiv, if, and lias the subjunctive;
it states a supposed future case vividly. The apodosis has its verb in the
future indicative, but any other future fortn might occur.
317. When a supposed future case is stated distinctly 2,ndi
vividly (as in English, if I shall go, or if I yo), the protasis has
%J^'\ the subjunctive with lav, and the apodosis has the fut
1^ indicative or some other form of future time. •
ure
318.
diro-xwp^w, diro-x«pVw, etc. {cf. x^po-i
X^pi-ov), give place, go away, with-
draw.
Pao-iXcvcD, Pa<ri\€va-«, ipoo-CXtvca {cf.
/Saff/Xctwj), he king.
ki.v, by contraction av or t]v (et + Slv),
conj., ij, with subjunctive.
4|jiir6piov, 01), rb, trading place, empo-
rium.
VOCABULARY.
•irop-^X"> hold beside or near, furnish,
supply, give, cause.
iroXiopK^w, iro\iopK^<r(i), etc., hem in a
city, besiege.
irpoYna, aros, t6 (cf wpiTTw), deed,
thing, affair, difficulty; plur., affairs,
trouble.
u^(\ia, u^t\i\a-<a, etc., help, assist,
benefit.
319. 1. rjp Trapexcofiev dyopdv, If ere ra iTTLT-qSeia. 2. e'ai/
fir} ravTa iroLyja-r), dSt/cr/cret. 3. rjp Se OLTTOXOjprjo-cjo-i, Kvpo<;
avToix; ov TlfxyjaeL. 4. iav (jyuXov 7roLyjo-r)q^ tovtop, a>(^e\>;(ret.
5. iav viKTJa-cofiev, ttjv X'^P^^ ov hiapirdaei. 6. idv ovv
TrefxxprjTe tovtov irpos Kvpov, nXola efere. 7. idu 8e /jlt)
nXola dyrj LKavd, rot? aWot? XPWOH'^^a. 8. idv Sk ol
KlXlk€s rrpayixara Trapexcoai, Kvpo<; nopeva-eTaL in avTov^.
9. idv VLKTJaro), ^ao-iXevo-co dvil tov dSeX(l)ov. 10. idv to
ilXTTopiov 7roXLopK7J(rr)<s, dTToxcopyja-ovcnv ol Kh>iKe<s.
he shall
erit.
)junctive ;
)rb in the
ctly and
basis has
! future
, furnish,
hem in a
fw), deed,
r., affairs,
0, assist,
2. iav
, Kvpos
av ovv
u
u
OL
i i. \
€.av TO
SUBJUNCTIVE ACTIVE. 79
320. 1. Tlie messenger sliall have ten minas, if he does 2
this. 2. If he does not collect an army, his hrother will be
king. 3. If we proceed to this height, those above the road^
will withdraw. 4. If he does not collect hoplites, he will not
defeat his brother. 5. If we have troops and boats, we will
besiege the emporium by land and sea.
Notes 1 Verbs signifying to make may take a predicate accusative
(here ^.Aov) besides the object accusative (840). _ 2 ^^3^ the aorist-
" 01 VTTip Tijq 080V.
321. Safe Passage of the "Syrian Gateway."
ivrevOep efeXavVet inl TTv'Xd? r^? KtXt/cta? Kal rij^
tvpCa,. ^crav hk a^rat Su'o re^xv, Kal rh txh nph 7^9
KtWt'ag rerxo? Xve'upecn^ el^e Kal KlXlkcov <f,vXaK7J, to S^
npo Tij<; tvpids 'KpTa^p^ov iXiy^To cj^vXaK^ <t>vXdTTeiv.
5 8ta p^icTov hk To^^Tcov ^el 7roTap6,. Kal ^ 7ra>oSo9 ^^
(TT€pi) Kal ra Te^xv et? t^jv ddXaTTav KaOiJKev. TavTd^ ra\
TTv'Xa? o{jK ^riXaiep 'A^poK6pd,, dXX' inel aKo^.L Stl
Kvpo, iv KiXLKla icTTL, Trap^ 'ApTa^ip^y^v aTreXavVet.
Notes. -1. ^iiXas: the article is omitted, since the word is used almost
as a proper name. ~ 2. iio-ov ?mv mn^i^iprj r.f 1 ■ .- .
^f .. ^ ^'^"'^- "^'^'^''''•''«^'^'«<^"/—T€txTi: nominative plural
of the neuter noun ra^o^, wall. - .pd : /nclnrj. __ 5. 8.A ^^o-ou : between.
No. 20. ipo^epii ^v i] fidxv.
/
80
S UBJ UNC TI VE A C Tl VE.
X^'
Xnf-
LESSON XXXIII.
Subjunctive Active (coiitimuHl). Subjunctive in Exhortations
and in Final Clauses.
822. Learn Uio conjugation of the present subjunctive of
el^i, in 71)5.
323. 1. t6v I^vov Ti\Lr\(r(ii\iiVf let ns honor our guest.
2. |xii Xu<r(0|i€V Ttiv y<|>upav, let us not destroy the bridge,
lioth these sentences express exJiojMi<>n ; the verb in each is in the first
person plural of the subjunctive. If the ex hortati on is negative, |aV), not^ is
used.
324. The first person of tlie subjunctive (generally plural) is )
used in exhortations. Its negative is jjiii. '
325. 1. TT^v 'Y€<t>\)pav Xu(ro|ji€v, Iva (also ws or 8ir<os) tovs
iroXcfjLious KwXuo-coiJLCV, tve will destroy the bridge, that we may
check the enemy.
2. toOtov dird'yoiicv, tva |J.rj (also <bs iiij, or Sirws [iii, or
simply jiii) KttKws tovs <t)(Xous iroiiio'Tj, we are leading him
away, that he may not do our friends harm.
The subordinate clauses here express jmrpose and take the subjunctive ;
they are introduced by the final particle tva (also ws or 6'irws), that, in order
that, or, if negative, by iva nVj (also ws \k-I[, or 6'irci»s ^Vj, or simply |i^), that
not, in order that not. The verb of the principal clause is in a primary (50)
tense.
326. Clauses which denote purpose (or final clauses) are
introduced by the final particles tva, cbs, or (Jttws, and take the
subjunctive after primary tenses. The negative is liTJ.
SUnjUNCTIVK ACTIVE.
81
tiortations
nctive of
brid(/e.
ill the first
, |iV), not, is
pllll
;al) is I
(OS) TOVS
t we may
s 111], or
ling him
bjunctive ;
at, in order
ly |i^), that
niary (50)
Lises) are
take the
327.
olW«, olT^<r», etc., oak, ask for,
demand.
dKOiw, dKoOo-O^ai, j}K0V«rO, dK^KOO,
TJKoilo-etjv, hear, learn, hear of, give
heed to.
dTT-tXawvo., drive away; iiitmna., ride,
march, or go away
VOCABULARY.
<X^\ofiai, TJXdetjv, drive; iiitrans.,
drive, ride, march.
KcoXtfw, K«\tfo-«, etc., hinder, prevent,
check.
oiSi (0.5 + 50, ncg. conj., &u« no«, a„(i
not, nor yet, nor; as adv., not even,
not at all.
nfr '"^r' T'' """"■ "*"" '"^-"'*''" ™« '°»'"-. «"»"•»-
Ikere. ''«■ iim place, »+»Y«v, W+.„v«,yte, ™» ,„„„y,;te
«-• '/„ > ., . . ■'^""'' ■''''<•' """''' country, he m
328. 1. ix^ rovrov idao,^eu ,^evy«„. 2. ^duras <J.Ae\«^
jevorat, ..a avry ^(Xo, ^Vc. 3. 8^ roS ^.8.ov e'Xa.We..
^a.a>, .oc^<ra,a... C. ii. S^ 6 .arpaV,, ^ irrl roi E^pirj,
-jrap^, a.eX<„ 7 ,V 8^ ^e^,, ,,.; ^pi,, ,^^, ^Zxl
<rop.ea. 8. o„8 i^, ravr' d.ov<rr,, -uy.aXcc roi,, .rpa-
n^as. 9. ,., K<.X.,a,/.e^ rh Kipov arpdrev^a d^.XavuL
321). l.Cy™ let us honor 3 our guest. 2. Let us besiege '
«^e emponum both by land and by sea. 3. And let us send
with Xenophon^ the peltaste from the van. 4. What M) will
he soldie.. have, if they conquer ?» 5. He ealls the generals
together to persuade them to take the field with him.
'Cnmm' ^r.'r T'"^'"^ '" "■'^' '"'"' *"" "''J-"^' accusatives (838). _
c/ M, 10. _« Use the aorist — ' Use the dative (865).
82
It h: A DIN a iJ'.'s.soN.
ii
.'):<o.
Xcnins and Pnsion Desert.
o uttI to ^^otpior tnl t[) OaXdTTj)^ Kal oi/cctrttt vno <I>ot-
pIkiov. ivTavOa ix^uovaiu rjiicpd^ Ittto. • /cat Hc^'id? Kal
WdiTiuw ttXoIov Xa/S();Tts' ^at to. \py]fxaTa azroTrXcoixn,
f> ;^a\c7ratV(>;'re*; on Kp/)()s' tov \\\uip)(^iw eta rou? irrparut)-
Tct? avTunf €^tu>. Kr'/)os' St irvi^eKoiXuri tol"? iTTpaTrjyov^
Kai tXt^'t racSe- " 'ATroXcXotVdcrtiv 7//xd? (hh) Hei^td? Kat
lld(ji(t»r. dXXd jxa tov^ (Uov^; ovk avTov^ Stw^w, ot»Se
auTou<? KaK(7)<; TnnyjaM.'' ot 8' ctXXot (rTpaTTfyol inel
10 7)Kovirap Tr]i> Kvpov dptTrjr, r;8eoi<; (rurcTTopeuoi'To.
Nt>ri':s. -2. olKirroi : \yAss'wc, is in/idliitct/. I. \ap6vT(S : liariiuj Uikviit
siH'ouil aorist. lU'livc purticiplf of Xafifjdvio, (Iccliiicd likci €K(i)»' (Ta'J),
Au/iuii', Ad/ioDiru, XajJoy, tir. - S. Ocou« : ju'cusativt* in a lu'gativo oatli (H;J7).
lu.
No. 21. Darius III.
tiiiiuvNcnvh: Mihiiij^: and I'Assivic.
88
vno <I>ot-
DTrXcoixrt,
irrpaTLU)-
f)aT7)yov<;
(.vid^ KoX
o^(0y ot»Se
)yoL inel
().
\riiui tdlcn,
Ku)v (752),
oatli (8117).
LESSON XXXIV.
Subjunctive Middle and Passive. Subjunctive after Verbs
of Fearing.
.•J.*n. Lcimi Mi(^ conjugal ion of M,(, Huhjiinctivc! middle, and
piissivi* oC X,%,, in 7(ir. (\6a)H.ai), 7<i7 (Xi5flr(0}iat), 7(i!» (XcXuui^vos S)
and 770 (Xue<S). ^'
;j;W. Tlu, lo.iK vovvol ca „r », (;nr,) is „Hn,l aim, in (,|„. ,„i ,i,„i ,„i„.
siv. ,„ all Mh. t,.nH..,s. \Ud in U... u<.ris(. pussiv.. il, is ,n/,in/ (,„ U,„ (,,,,„„ str,,,
(I!'"), as \vOt-<o, \v6& (hy runiuu'Wuu). Tl.n Hul.j.HM.Iiv.. uses il,,. ,.,,,1.
.n«'s <.l l,h(. ,,n.n:u-y tmsrs (air,), |„.n, M,. ,Mi<Ml.. un.l jassiv, on.li„KH (17ro,
<'xc<'i,|, 111 (,|„. aorisl, passives vvIk-it the arfirr i'luWu^H uv.v.uv (l;{(|).
tmti. 1. 8^8oiKa lATi T^s V€<t>vpas Xuwcri, / J\ar that thy will
(IcHtroif the /u'idi/rH.
2. 6c6oiKa|i€v |iii ov iriaTol ^tc, ^/v J'rm- that you ivill not he
faithful.
Th.^ Hiil.onliiiui,, clause, wliid, oxprcsscs l.li., tiling f<"an.,l and is tho
ohjecl „r |,|„. h,uli.iK v.'i-l,, li.n, (ak.-s (,l„. s.il,j,ii„M,iv., ; it, is iiitnuluo..,! I,y
\^-f\.llmt or /.,s/ (Latin m), or if n,.^ativ.' hy hH, oi, that not (Latin ul). The
vtM-li wliicli ,|(. notes I'ear is in a, primary t(Mise.
;i:U. jUtor verbs done ►tin^r /,>,,/., mutton, or dan<jtr^^r\, that [' ^__
or Zlli\>tkoH tho sul)jnn(!tivo afU;r primary tonseM. 'IMie nmra- ^
live form is jii] ov. " •-i^
No. 22. Persian Daric.
84
li 1
9\
:.'!
i.ii
sriuuxdTiyit: Miinn.if! and iwssivk.
VOCAIIlll. AMY.
S^SoiKa, 11 pnf, with fort")' of prcM , anr.
I8«i(ra ((;/'. (Uji'(iv),./"i'(jr, ol' ii'iisoiialiUi
I'i'iir.
J(-a7rardw, J(-a7raT/j«rw, etc., dci'viiw
(/ro.s.s///, tiiinlf'itit.
47ri-K(v80vot, Of («;/". kIviMivos), idiUf/vroHH,
K(vSOvot, oil, t\ (fitniicr, pnil.
vo)i((u> (lotiii^), vo|AiA, <Yr'., nytmlf con
siller, tlunk.
o-irdw, ]l<riraira, JftriraKa, lo-Trao-)iai,
4(rird(rOT)v, ilniiiK
""X"^^* '/<■ '/. Iiixiin-; iTyoXii, Hhiwli/.^
i/>ojUf)/)i), fviijhU'n ; t'ominnnly pusH,
<l«'p., /»(• friij/ilrncd^ fmr^ of iiii-
rt'iusoiiing l\>iu*.
■■t;
JUKI. 1. naxnrwiJLtOa, w </>t\fH, rauVr;*? 7^9 fJLdxr)<i.^
2. trxo^'^ TToptvovrat, im /ir) 17 </>ttXayf ^Laanaa-Oy.
3. Ki)/)()s' roi^ (raTf)dn7)p (/)t\oi/" ou ro/Atct,' cai; eVl Ti)i'
apXT?'^ TTopeur/Tat cVct»/o?. I. ySow(rt TraVrc?, ti/a ot ttoXc-
/itot i^'aTr<iTr)OuHrL. T). ilm/SovvraL yap fjL-rj ov o (rarpaTTT]^
Tov 7roXf/i,ot» Trauryrat. (5. r;/^ Se 7) yajwpa KvOjj, ol noXcfxioi,
dnoxcoprjiromn. 7. rj 8e X^'V^a 7ro\e/xtd C(rra' • eVtffiVSiJj^ot^
o5t> tVraJ' 6a 1/ irop^viqiTlk 8t* aurr/?. S. ScSotKa /Lt>) cTTra-
(TT/rat TOV dKlvdKi]v. D. ^iVSuro? cVrt p.y) Trj<; vvKToq ol
noXcfiLOL nopevMVTat in avTov^.
11117. 1. I four (hat (lio salrsip will ho Hont. 2. Lot us
dolibonito about tliis. ll. Wo will (icslroy tlu« hvUl^o, (liat the
iMUMuy may not simkI for Iho pcltasts. i. I do not fear that
this man will W) made" sal rap. f). 'Phoro is no danger that
Cyrus will wish to pui-suo theso L»HMHMals.
NoTKs. — » A gonillvo of srpanUion (81!)). --'J A dative of ttwtiucr (Hm).
— » A pmiirntf urcusativo (810). — ■• Kuturo third sin.milar. -6 Tliiid sin-
gular of the future {iirofuu) of €t>i (for ^o-erai). - « IJ.so the aorist.
ni'JADlNtj /./<;.s.sr;/V.
nyartt^ con-
l<rTrao-)iai,
kf), ulinolt/.
(rf. 0A//OJ,
noiily piiMH.
tn'y of iin-
em rriv
01 1To\i'
arpdm)^
noXeixtoi
KLvhvpov
fjirj (Tnd-
vKTOf; oi
hot lis
Hint tlio
'(Mir (hut
igiir that
tier (HOO).
Third sin-
ist.
.1.18.
•^'
85
Advance to the Kuphratw.
/icm Tavra Kvpn^ c'ftXa.;Vet -naimirdyyai^ ctVorni/
ijrl rhu XciKo, rrorafio,- i.i^aa. 8^ cV rr? 7rorau(?
ovK cto>/.. tcr^r/Voui. 8^ ol rrr/>aTta>rru eV rru^ lla/>mra-
A rt8o? KrVai9. eVrciVye^ c'fcXauVet cVl rcis' 7rr;y(i«; rof.
Aa>8aTo, TTora/xor;. eVra.Vya i;jrra,. ^SarrtXeux Kal napd-
8.uro? KaXos^ K,>os' <V avro, e^Konru Kal ra fia^rckua
KaraKau. lurevfku t'fcXauVet irraOfXiw^ rpeU eVl rhu
Vw<l}paT7)l/ TTOTtt/XoV.
NoTKs U. txeo., : ./,,sA, ,H.„m„...iv.. plnml of l^OiU, vn,, ,V 1. o«k
n.n.MM, fnm. M„.sn villaK-'s H,.,.,.Ii..,| I.,,,- wi(,|. ..,,1,. .nounv." -L 7. 'air^v
tlio j)ark, "
^ummm,
No. 23. A Youthful Knight.
86
COJ!^TliACT VEliBH IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
, "V
liil
LESSON XXXV.
Contract Verbs in the Subjunctive.
339. Learn the conjugation of the present su})junctive
active, middle, and passive of Tlfidco in 781, of iroicw in 78-J,
and of 5t]X6o> in 783.
340. Observe that
(1) a-\-itj=z<a;
(2) € -|- <o = (0 ;
(3) -j- « = « ;
0-fTl=:(o; 0+11 = 01.
341. VOCABULARY.
d-nox€C (d neg. +fidxv), adv., without Kar-d^w, bring back, restore.
fighting. Xoiir6s, ^, 6v {cf. Xelwu), remaining;
opY^ipiov, ou, t6 {cf. dpyvpovs), silver with the art., <Ae res^
money, money. viv, adv., now, just now.
i9i\<a, l9cX^(ru, T|0<\T]o-a, TJ0AT)Ka, be irapa-KaX^u, call to one^s side, summon.
willing, wish. orvp,-iropcvofiai, accompany. ^
2irop,ai (o-ctt), ;(»|/o|ioi, l<nr<Snt]v, follow, <j>vv4s, dSoy, 6 ((/. 0eih'w), fugitive,
accompany. exile.
342. 1. iav Se rou? crTpaTLc^dq dhiKr), ovk iOeXTJa-Ofxev
eneadaL. 2. (^o^ovvTai firj tov<; Kvpov ^iXou? ireipaa-de
KaKojq TTOielv. 3. eai^ Se toutov5 viKcofiev, 7rdvTe<; o^ovrai.
4. ipoTWfiev Tov dyyekov el to dpyvpiov ex^i. 5. (jyo/Belrai
fxr) TTeipwvTai KaTayeiv Tovq (^yyaSa?. 6.(eV t<^ (jiavep^")
Xjfet tVa TTcto-t St^Xoi ri (wAa^) eV v(^ ej^et. 7. eai/ to crrpoi-
m^
CONTRACT VEItns IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
87
ibjunctive
Eo) in 78-J,
remaining ;
le, summon,
1})} fugitive,
:\7](rOfX€V
jreLpaa-Oe
€(jjOVTaL.
TO (TTpd'
T€Vfxa airoxojpjj 7179 vvkt6<;, ^jjovTai ot noXcfitoL. 8. rjv Be
Toifs d\kov<s (TTpaTimd^ 7rapaKakrJT€, irupdaovTai TraWc?
dyadol ehat,} 9. -^p Sk Kvpo<; ea top KXeapxop toi;? aTpa-
TLcoTdq ix^Lp, ovK€TL orvfiTTopevo-oPTaL ol dWoL (TTpaTrjyoi
10. iap pvp Tov^ (^i\ov9 napaKaX^fxep, dpaxel ttjp XoLirrjp
oBop^ TTopeva-ofieOa.
343. 1. Let us ask Cyrus what he intends. 2. He fears
that the troops will demand their pay. 3. Let us set fortli,
soldiers, against these Cilicians. 4. With the lielp of« the
gods, let us conquer the enemy. 5. We fear that the soldiers
may wrong our allies.
Notes. — 1 to be. — 2 A cognate accusative (833). — » tdth the help of, (tv'k
344. The real Object of the Expedition is disclosed.
ipTavOa iiipova-ip r)fi€pd<; TreWe, fcat Tolr (TTpaTriyol^
Tor? 'EWiqpiKoh Kvpo9 Xiyei otl rj 6S09 eVrat tt/jo? top
'ApTa^epirjp els BafivXwpa- /cat KeXevei avTov<; Xeyeip
TavTa Tol<s (TTpaTLmaLS koI ireiOeip eneo-dai. ol Be aTpa-
5 Ttwrat xa^CTratVouo-t toIs (TTpaTr)yoU, /cat ovk eOeXovdip
eireaOai iap p.ri Kvpo<; avrot? xPW^'^oi StSw mairep Ka\
irpoTepop. TavTa ol (TTpaT-qyol Kvpo) eXeyop - 6 8'
vma-xvelTai (TTpaTKOTrj eKda-Tco irepTe dpyvpiov fjLpd? eiry^p
> €ts BafivXSipa -qKcooTL. to fiep Brj 'EXXtjplkop ovtoj^
10 eireLcrdr).
Notes — 5. crrpaTtiYots : dative of indirect object after xaAcTratVoucri
(860). — 6. 818$: give, third singular present subjunctive of BiSiofit. —
7. irpoTcpov : previously, an adverb in the comparative (cf. wpo). — 8. Iirfjv :
whenever, followed by the subjunctive, like idv.
88
LIQUID STEMS OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION.
m
LESSON XXXVI.
Liquid Stems of the Consonant Declension.
/Wrt. Loam (ho deca.M.sion of dY«v. conte^U tjvchkov, <,uide
RV, month, and ^Tixtap, om/or, in 715.
., ''""•■''''." '""""""iv.. singular r.j,.,.t,, , ,v„,) |„„^41,„„s tl,. vowel „r ,l,e
'■ . '': ™'':"™ »■"«"'-• '» "!<« 'I." .." ,u,,iv,. in „x^t,„„. i„ o er
liquKl stem.s It is like the stem.
JM7 Le,un tl>e declension of ^ar^p, father, v.i\rr\f. Mother,
and oviip, »»««, in 7l(i. >- 1 ir- 'i
348. 1 w„<ip and ^^ir^p drop . „f the »to,„ i„ the ^r,.„itive and dative
»n„„Iar and accent the hast syllaWe, KIsewheve they .-etain . excen Tn
the dahve plural where .p is changed t., p. ; . i,, accented ex ept tl^
ases „a„.e,l and n, the vocative singular, which is the n.ere sten 1 la
recessive accent. ^^
L>. dv^ip .Imps . wherever a vowel follows «p and inserts 8 in its place
o IS inserted also in the dativp nln.-oi 'in ... ^
in the genitive and dative ' """' " ""■""" '"'"'' '^^"'''l"
•^^^* VOCABULARY.
dYcSv, u)^,, 6 (c/. 0(70,), f^a^Aermr;, j.^, M..6., 6, mon^A.
assembly, contest, games; dywm
voieiy, hold games.
dv^p, di>dp6s, 6, man, Lat. wir
li^T^p, fi7]Tp6i, V, mother, Lat. mater.
ol'KoSf (c/. o/Kid), adv., home, home-
ward.
•EXX,v, ,^„ i ,0/ .EXX,...*,, .Exx,,), ,.^p_ ,„^,,_ ,_ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^_^^^^
a Greek
ilViicSv, 6;'os, 6 (c/. ^7<?oMaO, feacZer,
firuide.
P^Twp, opos, 6, speaker, orator.
^f1\^llo^o.^. (^7;0t5), ,|/i,<f,ioii,iai, etc.,
mid. dep., vote, decide.
HON.
V, yuide^ [1
)wel of the
|»c(l before
; ill other
, mother^
nd dative
except in
^pt in the
I and has
its phice.
ck except
mdter.
fe, home-
pater
ai, etc.,
LIQUID STEMS OF THE COV'ONANT DECLENSION. 89
^ 350. 1. dy^j,a Sk inoLTJcrauTo ol "EWrjue^. 2. Tajkj) rjj
W^P^^ MC<9' ijyc/xoi.09 inop€voPTo otVaSc. 3. Xeyct KC/005
on 6 iv^p inl T^ E^pdrjf Trora^ol icrnu. 4. ^ 8^ ^yjrrjp
Kvpou dnonef^neL ndkcu inl r^v dpxrju. 6. d\Xd Kal
irarepa Beuoi>^pTa ^KaXovp. 6. Kal dpiOp^hv t^v 'EWtJi^cop
inoLTja-eu iv r^ irapahuaco. 7. ^y^<l>i^avro U ol "EWrjue^:
TTop^^eadai fM,Td Tov dpSp6s. 8. Kal irrefjLxlje Kilpo, neure
M^<-^ ' /^tcr^oV. 9. cV Tol, 'EkkrjcTLu ^crau ^yjrope, dyaOoi
351. 1. His father suinmoiicd Cynm. 2. They voted to
send iuen with Clearchus. 3. Cyms was made satrap of
1 hiygia by his father. 4. Eaclt man shall have five niinas of
silver.4 5. Jle carried on war with the Greeks.
rJar^'\7^' ^'f'''\ "^ ^''" '''"' "'''''* («70).-» Predicate accusative
(840). _ 8 Genitive of meamre (811, 5)._M;enitive of material (841, 4).
t353. Menon's clever Device to win the Favor of Cyrus.
^ Mivoiv hk irplv SijXop ehai tl iroi-qa-ovcTiv ol dWot
E\\y)v€^, TTorepov ^ovrai Kvpca 1) ov, o-vueke^e rh avTov
(rrpdrevp^a Kal iXe^e rdSe' "^Ai^Spe?, pdu Selrat Kdpos
iirecTdai rohs ''E\krjva<; inl 'Apra^tp^r^^. iy^ oZv Kekevco
5 u/.a9 (i/ou) em<; SiafiaCpeiv rhv Trora/xoV. -fjv p^h yap
^ljr}cl>CacovTaL ^-rr^aOaL, ipd<; t^v dkkcop TrporipTJcreL crrpa-
TLWTwp^ Kdpos • 17V S^ d7ro^rj<t>La-copTaL ol dkkoL, wopevcro-
p^eda dnavTeq ot/caSe Trdkiv"
«
Notes. — 1. wplv 8f|Xov ctvai: before it was evident. ~2. ,r6T«pov . . , -R -
whether . or. -KtJp,,: tiie dative follows eVo^at (864).-oC: accented at the
end ot a sentence. — o-vv^X€|€ : see o-vAAcyo). — airofl : rf ^^7 4 7 ^«„
TiwTuiv: dependent on the preposition included in the compound verb (852).
*90 INTERROGATIVE AND INDEFINITE F
PRONOUNS.
iltl
LESSON XXXVII.
Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns.
353. The principal interrogative pronoun is tis, tis ti
ti^ho? which ^ whatf (Latin qich). It always has the acute
accent on the first syllable, except in the short forms rod, t«,
and never changes the acute to the grave. ' ' '
354. The indefinite pronoun h tIs. tIs, tI, some, any
Latin ahqms), or, used substantively, somebody, anythmg
(Latin quldam). It is enclitic.
355. Learn the declension of ti's and tIs in 763.
356.
VOCABULARY.
:| n
8^«, S€ifi<r«, etc., lack, luant, need; mid., lack, desire,
request; Bd, used impersonally, there is need, it is
proper, one ought.
lir-aiviu, iw-aiviau, etc. , praise.
ilTtpos, a, ov, the other, one of t^joo ; without the art.,
another, other.
TJoonai, VO-^<ro|iai, VO^v, be glad, he pleased.
M^vwv, wws, 6, Mennn.
irolos, a, ou, interr. proii., of what sort? Lat. quails.
irdo-os, >?, ov, interr. pron., hoio much? Lat. quantus.
<r<jr€vSovi]TT,s, ov, 6 (c/. a(pev86ur)), slinger. No. 24.
t£s, tC, interr. pror.., ivho? which? what?
Tls, Tl, end. indef. pron, a, some, any, a certain;
as noun, somebody^ anything.
No. 24. o'0e;/5o;'^Tot.
rs.
le acute
TOV, TM,
me, any
%nythhig
INTERROGATIVE AND INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. 9V
357. 1. roGro Xeya Tt9. 2. tl, rovro Xdya; S. X^yovcTL
8e rLve^oTL Kvpo, ^adrj. 4. ^% Se r.. cV r^ crrpar^a MeW.
eerraXo9. 5. Kal c>a>ra ro. cr^euSourjrrjr. nocrou doyvp^o,
exa.. 6. ea^ ^E/c^Scrt, rt^ Se? avroi,, Xietu r^v y4<j>vpav ;
7. ev woiot, npayfiaa-LP Tjcrav ol ''EXXr^ve? ; 8. ipcord
•TLi^o,' iarlv 6 [Wo9. 9. Kdpo, ina^aev d.Spa nepcrrju Kal
erepovjLva tS>v rfyeix6vcov. 10. ^pa>ra tov dyyeXov ri,
enaLUEL tov<; Mep(ovo<; o-rpartcord?.
. ^T' 0^' 71^ """"^ *^' '"'^' proceed? 2. What does he say
to this / 3. Somebody asks whether you said this. 4 Wh'it
sort of men ought to take the field? 5. How many slinc^ers
have you in the army ?
.,r ^''''^%7il'^'^'f''^^ accusative, why? (8^6o).-^ Predicate genitive of
possession (843). — 3 ^^o'? with accusative.
359. Cyrus is greatly pleased and himself crosses the Euphrates.
olSk Meucouo, cTTpaTL^rai inel ravr ^Kovaav, TrdOovTai
/cat hiapaivovcri tov noTafihp irplp tov, dXXov, Xiyeip
TL nocyia-ovcTL. Kvpo, 8^ ^crOrj Te Kal tc? crrparcv/.an
St ayyeXov iXe^ev • " 'Eyci ;.eV, c3 aVS^e^, ^^Sr; DuS^
5 C7rat.a>. c^^^^ S^ /caL^/xa? e>^ eVat.eWe, >J (.r) ot^^m
eyco Kvp6, et/xt." o[ ^.^^ Sij aTpaTc^Tai iv iXmcTL KaXal,
Vcrav, MevcovL 8^ Kal S^pa Xeyerat Treyx^at. ;x6ra 8^ raSra
bcefiaLve Thv TTora/xoV • elWo 8<^ Kal to dXXo crrpaVcv/xa
aurw dirav.
)P7JTaL.
NoTES.-O. ^plv...X^Yav: ?>./.r« M. ms7 ,sy„V/. - 5. 4^^ ..,, accusative.
See the notes on 278, 1 and JJ. _ 7. ^€uJ,a. : /. /.,.. ,,... „,,^:.. ,..-
mnnitive.— 8. tiWcTo : for the augment, see 871, 5 D. avr^: cf. 352, l\
92
OPTATIVE ACTIVE.
I
LESSON XXXVIII,
Optative Active. Less Vivid Future Conditions.
:»«•(>. T!e.s;,lo.s (1,0 ,,rosont, a„risl, ,i„,l ,,o,.foct, foun.l i„ the
me ch«t.ncUon ol U.uo hetweou tl.e preset,.,.,! the .torist,
.T«l. T„.arn the o.„,j„j.a.(.io„ „f u,o oplativo a«
X.»„. 7.i5 (Xuoiixt), 7,i,i (XiScroi^tO, 707 (XiSaai^i). a
(XcXvKoijii).
tivo of
uid 708
is d a, ,d V, . Tl t r'""'- ' ' ""■'■""' ""• ' "f "■" *■'" A.A,«„
;,.,,,..,,l „f 1,/ ,, /^ ""f,"l.>,, ,>iit tlicy ui-o 111 (\ii,iiii„ii ||a„
ni.t.,u. „1 Av.„„, A„„ac, A.V„«.. Fo, tho amiiit, of Xfo, X«„, X,i,.,
.•««;«.. J TTp^TTOi (or ,rp^|«,) ToflTo, KaXffis dv i'voi, if he
should ,/o thu, it n'onid /„■ „W/, «' /„;,. /„,,•„,, ,„,„,, ,;,. '^ '"^
The protosi, is l,c.,-o iiiti-o,l„ce,l iiy .1; ;/; ami lias tlio optative ; it states
a s.ppos,.,l f„t„,. oase less vivi.ll.v Mian ..„. siil.ii.ne ive (^ 7 "t
apoilosis has ,ts verb i„ the optative with the adverb &v. ^ '' "
, an 1 ,.,,., to,™ (as „, E„„„,i.h, if j „,„„„ „,^, ,,^^
the opt^ttive with .t, a„d the apodosis has the optative with
OPTATIVE ACTIVE.
98
s.
i<l in the
lie jiorist,
ictive of
and 708
m) to the
m XtXvKa
try toiKses
s X<f(rcia$,
inion use
■01, Xdo-ai,
i, if he
it states
0- Tlic
distinct
isis has
e with
3CW5.
SioPoTds, i), 4^, fordahlc, passable.
8(Kaios, o, 0^ (r/. dlKr,),juat, rujht.
6iKa(«s (</. 5/^atoy), -mU., justly, rightly.
8oK^«, 86^*,, ?8o|a, 8^8oY^iai, lUx<iy\y,
seem, seem best or good, think]
SoK€i, etc., inipors., it seems, it
seems best.
im-o-iTfJo^ai {,TlTi8), <iri-<rmoC^iai, 4ir-
€o-tTio-d,iT,v ((/. aiTos), furnish one-
VOCABLLARY.
se^' with provisions, collect or pro-
cure supplies, forage.
K\€(ca, KX€(<r«, JkX.io'o, K^KXci^iai and
K^KX«i<r^ai, <KX€(or8T,v, shut, close.
■"■•tfi ('/. 7ref6s), iidv., on/oo^
T«i;«is, tJ, 6,., ,„i /y,,^; oi n.^ol, the
infantry.
P<f8(«s, adv., easily.
oriTos, ou, 6, ymm, food, supplies.
.W«a., .oXcoea^racr. & aijoi, «al Kara y,". .„J .ari ?
^aXarra.. 8. ,16 .ora;.6, ^^ .ef„- Scalar J .tr,,' ^Kola
,;,,, 7,:'"""' /f ' '^V' "S--' '"'".^ I'e would I tI,om
S w 5 »r '^''7'''""'''^'^ *''" f"'-'' "'« --™y would
stJt:; .11'"^'^ ^""""^ "•^■^"'^^^ '° i'--'^' ^y™*- would
94
READING LESSON.
1. 1'
II
308. The Gods send a Portent. Advance to the Araxes.
^ Siefiatpop Se top zorafjibp ireCrj • nXola yap ovk elxop.
ovnaJTroTe Se ov7o<; 6 Trora/xo? SiaySaro? ^p Tre^jj d firj
t6t€, dXka TrXotot?. e'So/cet Srj toU a-Tpar-qyol^ Kal toI<;
o-TpaTLcoTaiq TTcicrt Oeiop elpac.
5 ipTedOep i$€\avp€L Sta T179 Xvptd^ a-TaOixov^; ippia
Trapao-ayya"? TrepTiJKOPTa - /cat dfjyLKPovpTaL npo^ top
'Apdijjp TTora/xoV. ipTadOa 9j(jap K^fiau fxeo-Tal (tItov
Kal oipov. ipTavOa ificpop rjfxepds TpeU Kal ineo-lTiCopTo.
NoTKS. — 2. ^iv : with force of pluperfect, had been. — ;J. wXotois : dative
of iustrununU (800).- 7. o-frou Kal ol'vou : <l(>pen(lent on /xcarat', stored with.
Verbal adjectives signifying fulness and want take the genitive (855).
No. 25. Greek Armor.
T
C
si
h
tl
ti'
thi
he
i
he
ivvia
OPTATIVE ACTIVE.
LESSON XXXIX.
95
Optative Active (continued). Optative in Final Clauses.
Object Clauses.
^^^ «««. Learn tlie conjugation of tlie present optative of ,i^l
37(>. 1. TV YC(j>upav ^XtJcraixcv, tva (also <i>s or 6ua>s) tovs
liT' •^-^— f^-' - ^^estroyed the bridge, that we .^U
cliecfc Vie enemy. ^
2 TOVTOV duivoMv, W ,.*, (ak„ is |ii,, or 8t<os at,, or
he might not do our friends harm.
The clauses which express purpose here take the optative (cf. 305l but
^ a^nuro ucedhy the san.e final particles that i.Lduce thet]. ^
tive. J he verb of the principal clause is here in a secondary (50) tens!
.^r/Antroduced by the final particles Vva, a>s, or 8ua)S, and take the
^optative after secondary tenses. The negative is (iii.
.•J72 1. pouXcvcTai Sircos paonXcwei dvrl toO dScXcboi), A.
plans that he may he Jang in place of his brother.
tKaij!^'''^uTi^"'"'' pacrtXcvcrct dvrl xov d6.X<^oi), he planned
that he might he king m place of his brother.
3. pouXcvcrai ottcos ,iii cVrat cVl t(3 a '.Xctxo, he plans that
he may not be in his brothers poiver.
he t .^fr^!'r' "T"^' ^^ ^'^^^' ^^^ ^^ ^^^^*^' ^^' P^^^^ed that
he might not be in his brothers power.
96
OPTATIVE ACTIVE.
The subordinate clause is here the object of the leading verb which
signifies /o^/a. or ..-a. for (the leading verb may also signify "Ll I
to effect yUns subordinate clause is introduced by 8.«s or, if negltie
by 6,«s HVI, and has the future indicative wh.ther'the principal verbL"'
a primary or a secondary tense.
QIaect£klisesJeE ejiding on verbs si^^ nifviiKr /^ ./.,>,.
, .^^^^f^r^i^- ^ct, regulaijy take the future indicative
374.
VOCABULARY.
Xtjitai, ^ir-cftcX^dTjv, exercise (:are,
care for, give attention to, see to.
8pil|Aos, V, ov, and oj, o^ (130), deserted,
uninhabited, deprived of.
Ityriia, tlT^w, etc., seek, ask for.
Xa^Pdvw (Xa^), X^4roiioi, €"Xopov, ctXt,-
<f)a, €i:Xij|inai, iX^<|>0t)v, «aA;e, receive,
get, find.
irop£J« (TToptS), iropiw, etc. , furnish, pro-
vide; mid., o6tom.
TifiVj, ^y, .j^ (c/, Ttyucic.;), value, honor,
esteem.
rfnios, o, ov {cf. Tln.-fi), valued, dear.
375. 1 o yx<^^ roU 'EW^at^ ^ye/xoVa IWe/.,/,.^, Tm
dia r,s ,roVias x<ii/.a9 a>c a^rov's. 2. rovrov top duSpa
<^e\e.,^ cm <^ao^ ^oc. 3. „'s .VeXecrat oVo., oJ
t). e^TyTov.- Tov? apxof'ra?, Tm a^rois av^LpovX^ouv'. 6 r'<3
7. ai,ocau.lre rl^,' ^[Xoc, el nopiCocre r^ arpo^revp^ar.
on\a. 8 c_,r.^e\,V6rm 6 KCpo? oVa,9 o£ arpanSrm v<{m^
<
8. 1
con
OPTATIVE ACTIVE.
97
3^. He too. e..e that ^e 'Zl te^o^/f H^ TlT,'
this in order that tlie enemy mijrht not hear ^r . ? ''
to get provisions. ?»» "ot hear. 5. Let us plan
-;The genitive depend' on tZ^^'^S^^^'T "' ™'"^ («««)•
— " Use the aorist. «ig"iljing fulness or M;anf (855).
377. Advance through the Desert of Arabia.
:77. ^"'r"-" -' --• - ro4 se ™ .o47;
n5rac .V.ore .■8.'.«o. a.i l.nZ it ^'"" " "'''"■
comparative of the adverb ra;^e'a)5, quickly. ' '"''' ^"'''^■^^' ^^^
No. 26. Chariot R
ace.
98
OPTATIVE MIDDLE AND PASSIVE.
LESSON XL.
Optative Middle and Passive. Optative after Verbs of Fearing.
378. Learn the conjugation of the optative middle and
l)assive of Xvco in 705 (XUoi)i.iiv), 70(5 (XUtroifiiiv), 767 (XU<7ai|J,Tiv),
709 (X€Xu|i.€vos €Xr]v and XcXUoroiiiiiv), and 770 (XvOcitiv and
379. The mood suffix is i, as in the active (362), except in the aorist
passive ; liere it is ir\ in the singular and sometimes in the dual and plural,
but the shorter forms Xwetirov, XvOttTTiv, etc., occur more frequently. In
these forms the accent does not go back of the mood suffix. The optative
middle and passive uses the middle and passive secondary endings (175),
except in the aorist passive, where the active endings occur (145).
380. 1. €6€t(ra \Lr\ ras •Y€(|>wpas Xvoicv, I feared that they
would destroy the bridges.
2. €8€icra|i€v jiii ov irwrTol cItc, we feared that you ivould not
be faithful.
The verb which denotes fear is here in a secondary tense (c/. 333), and
the subordinate clause takes the optative.
^^ 1 .^After v^rbs dQWotiw^Jear, caution, Dv danffer. jLr^fha,t
orJest^_t^^es Jhe optativejtfter secon dary tenses._Tlie_negatiye
form is \lti\ ov. '~^ " — ^
382. VOCABULARY.
tia-ui {cf. els), adv., inside, within. ix9p6s, d, 6v, hostile; ix^pds, o, as
€KaWp«0€v, adv. , on both sides or flanks. noun, enemy, foe.
«vvoiK«is {cf. evvovi), adv., with good k«k\os, ou, d, circle, curve.
will, kindly. kvk\6», kvkXwo-m, etc., encircle, hem in.
OPTATIVE MIDDLE AND PASSIVE.
99
8|i«s, adv., nevertheless, yet, still, how-
ever.
ir\r\a-i&l(a (irXtjaiaS), irXtjo-ido-w, etc.,
approach.
crrtpiw, (rTtp{\<r<a, etc., deprive, rob, be-
reave.
a-i^l<i) {<Tw, auS), o-cio-w, So-wora, Wo-wKa,
<r<(r«|*oi and o-^<r«<r|40i, iiru9i\v,
save, rescue, keep safe; mid. and
pass., save oneself, be saved alive,
return safely.
o-wno, aroj, t6, body, life, person.
383. 1. l8eio-e /X17 ol ixOpol Tl^irfOelev. 2. el orEXXr)P€';
TrX7j(TLdCot,ev, ^ofiy^deUv aiv ol irokefxioi. 3. BevoifiwvTa
apxovTa iTTOLTjcrdfieda ha aajdelfiev. 4. evvoLK^<; Siv
exoL^ Tols "EXkrjo-Lv 6 Kvpos, el xlfr)(t)L(rdLVTO a vuLTTopevecrO at.
5. ei oTrXa ^17 exoifiev, /cat tcjp crw/xarwi/^ (TTeprjOelfjiev dv.
6. et Se meloiixeOa vtto tcov iroXefitcDV, nopevotfjieda dp
kvkXco. 7. ol 8e o-TpaTLcoTai eBetcrav firi KaTaXei^6eiy)(Tav.
8. €t vlKTJo-aifxep, Kal (both) a-OiCoCfxeda av koX rd emTTJSeta dv
^OLfiep. 9. dXX* o/xw? 6 (TTpaTr)yo^ ^ofirfOy) firj /cu/cXw^ea;
eKaTepmOev. 10. irapeKdXovp rovq dvSpa<; ela-oi oTrw? amol<;
o-vfxfiovXevoLfir)v tC StVatoV eWt /cat Tryoo? ^eoi»/ /cat tt^o?
du9p(07r(ov.
No. 27. Masks of Pan.
too
orTATIVK MltUHj,' AND /M
NN/r/r;,
J«M4. I. I (
o
T\
'""■'''• <'"^< •''«' iHi.l^ro w<MlI,| hv ihs
X'lV WIIN (liUl^r,,,- (hut 11,,. |„„.|
Nt
(h)V<mI.
ilVnid (h
» NPMIIII.HI, unless \(MH)I)|,„M xvoro I.IVSIM.L
I"). IWn..ul„„m,,r,- (8(1(1). < I Iw Uuwi(,ri»l„
■"'**"• The Soldlcra go hunting.
ol W (Voc i„d ol ,rT,,anrora^ .•S.'o.^o,., ;rpo^/,tvo^ •
Trerorra. yap ^pa^ii ^al Taxi> inayop^^ovm.
*■...../,,. „, ,■„„,,.,.„,,, ..„„ ,,„.. „„„ ; . „:'„::■-;;„ :tr"v c
No 28 "rci?r 7d/> wr^pv^,, ^^wtp iirrfy ^x^^ro."
(UiNTIiACr VKItUs IN I UK
(il'TATiyfC,
101
Kal
LKSSON XLl.
Contract Verbs In the Optative.
.'188. Olxsorvo tluit
(t) a-f-ot = <^;
(ii) c -f ot = 01 ;
(3) 4- 01 = 01.
^^^^' VOCABUI.AKY.
Ap«T^, f;j, i), qnodncMy courage, valor.
^ttAo^oi, *|TT^o-Of*ai, etc., pasH. (lop.,
he h(ferior, he dqfeatcd.
XOir<«, \o,r^)<r«, ci!c'., grieve, , annoy,
lllolcHt.
Ht<r0o4.<ipo«, o.' (fii(T06i + ^^pu, hear, re-
mve), remvini, pau ; ni<T0o<f,6poi, ol,
nicrceitarirs.
|ii<r06«, H4O"0,io-«a, etc. {ef. ;x.(rWj), /f/.
out for hire, let; mid., rauw i!o />c
let to oneself, /Ure.
6vo\i.a, aroj, t6, name,
ir&t, intriT. adv., horof
rAxo, iuh.,(/Hickii/; ill apod, witli 4i/,
Ttnttpfw, Tlf*«p^o-«, c/r., f/,«rw/7c; iriid,,
awnf/r- nncseyon, take venueame on,
punish.
.■«>0. 1. ^^, d, ri,u ^dxvu ,rococt,r,„ ; 2. eU«ovVamt
102
(JONTHACT VEHIiS IN TUE OPTATIVE,
Wac. G .aur^.^offovuro ^i, 6 KK.ap^o, rl^o,polro
rov, orpar.^a, 7. « onXa i^o.p.,„, ,^l ,^ /J- .^
J. « Se ,t™,^o oc .^vXaK.,, ov<c aV <r<.^«eK 10. rovrov,
Tov, j,c,r0oi>6pov, Tdx' «V ^ccr^orro, d nopevoc.ro d, rf,.
apXV- '
2 "V'J' I *',?'' ""* "'"^ '"•"''' ^^'""'^'^^^ to "'« l"«t-s.
f • ^ o ™^''^'' ""'''• '"'"'' the enemy would Ix,
I might be of service to l.in,. B. The (J-eeks would march
away t<, I'hryg.a, unless somobo.ly should molest them.
.'102. March to Cor,ote and Pylae, Cattle perish in the Desert.
^ 7rop.„o>c.o. 8^ 8ea ravrr,, rrj, ^a'.pi, <i^«.ov>^„. ,vi
TO. Maovca. ;rora/.oV. .VraC^a ^. ™'Xc, .>,>,, oVo^„
e^av^a c,r.<rin<ra.^o. .WC^e^ e'feXauVa crra0„o^9 ep«'-
5 /XOV5 rp«aKacSe«a ,rapa<r<{yyd9 cW.^'Ko.ra, ro,. Ei^p^™,
TTora^oi. ,p heica ?x<^„, «„J <{,At«mrac i^J nv'Xci,. cV
rot^roc. roc, .rad^ol, no\U r5^ ^.o^vyio.. .i.alXcro ^;ro
X./._ov. ov yap ?,v x6pro, o^S^ SeVSpo.<, dXXi ^LiXi, ^^
avaa-a. rj xapd. '
«ir.SX.T,: ;,„«/,«/, a second aorist n.iddle. '^ "'■ ~
STEMS IN a OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION. lOU
KiipOLTO
KTjj au
rjyoLTo.
rovTov<i
Ct? TTjP
! boats,
iild 1)0
I witli-
:1, that
march
t.
LESSON XLII.
Stems in o- of the Consonant Declension.
.•«>;?. Learn the declension of c^pos, breadth. Toiiipiis,
tnreme, anu Kp^as, meat, in 747.
;«>4. The stcMn ..uls in <r (ei^^ecr, rpt,;pecr, Kpeacr). In masouline and
fnnnnno nouns . n. th. final syllabU, c,f the nten. is lengthened U, , in the
non.inativesinK.dar(THp^,); in nenter nonns it is changed to o in the
nonmuitive, accusative, atid vocative singular (lOpot).
;«)r. Final a- of the stem is dropped before all case endings, and the
vowels thus brought together are contracted. The vocative singular o
n.asculn,e and fennnine nouns is the sin.ple stem. The forn.s rp.^
and Tpi^pwv luive recessive accent.
at eVt
ouofia
vkXco.
? iprj-
oaTr)p
>
€P
VTTO
\ f
rj Tjv
die
ral
No. 29. Kpikvoi.
104 STEMS IN a OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION.
•^^®* VOCABULARY.
iiri\tl-ir<a leave behind : intrans fnil a'«..- / . .
' ' '"''^'*"^- '•/""• <>po^t ovs, t6, mountain
«upos, oi/y, t6, breadth, width.
K^pas, K^pws and K^paros, r6, fiorn of
an animal, wing of an army.
•cpAvqs, ovs, t6, headpiece, helmet. No.
29.
Kp€'as, /fp^wj, t6, flesh; p\ur., pieces of
flesh, meat,
67r\(5« (oVXtS), (SirXwra, <S,rXio-nai,
<^X£<reT|v (c/. dfTrXoi/), arm, egwip.
No. 30.
irX^epov, ov, t6, a plethrum, a measure
of 100 Greek feet.
SwkpAttjs, ovi, 6, voc. ^diKpares, Socra-
tes, the celebrated philosopher.
Tflxos, ovs, t6, wall, fort.
Tior<ra4)^pvtis, ovs, 6, ace. Ti<T<ra<f>^pvr,u,
voc. TKTaacp^ppr,, of A-Decl., Tissa-
phernes.
■^Pi-^P^s, oi/j, 17, trireme, war vessel, with
three banks of oars. No. 8(5.
No. 30. OTrXl^erai 6 peavlas.
397.^1. dxe S^ Kal rp.yjpu, 6 KCpos. 2. ro^ou rov
^ora^ov TO .Spo'9 eVn ndvre ^UBpa. 3. «„J eV.'Xet-e
KUapxo" rov SefioC k/^o,?' ^ycto-^at. 4. ^ 8^ MeW,.09
kr,v ,nep^e 2a„cpar«. 8. roi), arpancord? 6 ^^k. aZroj
1
a
T
o
;
tlM
CO]
t.
mc
V.
I measure
'•es, Socra-
pher.
1., Tissa-
ssel, with
id.
W TOV
ciXeve
ucovos
wttXl-
evOev
LCTTO-
STEMS IN a- OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION 105
t^^v axe K.\..a>. ^vXaKij^ ^h hk^ ^Kpra^p^ov iXdyero
MaKrj Marra.) 10. eVei 8^ ^,Va. inl rai, O^pa., U
lto-o-a</.e/)^ou9,^ ol o-rparrjyoi wapeKXyjOrjcrap elcrco.
cor.n?; ^'-^t ^'""T ^'"^ *^' ^'^' ^"^^- 2' ^^^^ Xenophon
consuls with Socrates.7 3. The generals proceeded through the
mountains. 4. They all had helmets of bronze. 5. Thence
he sent the messenger upon the mountains.
NcvrEs 1 The genitive follows ^yeV«t, but not a>, which is an
adveib of ;,/ace (856). -s Dative of imtrnment (866). -4 The predicate-
ra.ra ,« the subject. - 5 ./., «., . . . ,,, ,,,,, See 815 _ a For the^Sn'
of the genitive, see 812. _ ^ Dative (865). ^
^^^- Great Hardships in the Desert.
^ ol 8' eV TouVoi to; roVo) a^<9/)a)7roi ^^ou? JXc'ra"? Trap^
Tov^ iToraixhv dpr^rrovre, Kal notodure^ el^ Ba/3vXwi.a ^yov
Kai incoXovv Kal avTayopdt,ovTe<s (tItov ^^iov. rh 8^ crrpd-
revfia6 alros iiriXu-^e, koX dyopdCecrdai o{,k ^v el p.^ eV
6 ry AvSLa dyopa iv re? Kipov ^ap^api^K^. koX rlpLo, ^v
o aero, . Kp^a olv icreiovcTLv ol o-TparL^raL. rovra^v
noXXov, Sk tQ>v crraOp^v irdw paKpoi,, ^Xavve Kdpo, •
TToXXa'/ci? ydp I8et paKpdi^ TTopevecrOaL 7rpb<; xoprov.
^"^'OTES.-l o%ovs dX^ras .• upper millstones, which were turned some-
times by hand, sometimes by a beasc. See No. 66. -2. ,rotoOvrcs • bv
contraction for 7rou'ovr«. - 3. c>v : see ^c£a,:-4. ^v : ... no.^-n,. 1
-• -^oAAovs: many, accusative phiral masculine. The followin-^ uaKoot;.
- ifies this as a predicate adjective, ..., oftkese marches tkat Cy^Z
'oere very lony. - 8. ^uKpdv : ... c'.SoV, a long loay.
ill
St?
106
IMPERATIVE ACTIVE.
LESSON XLIII.
Imperative Active.
400. The tenses occurrin.i. in the imperative are the present,
aons and perfect, but only a few perfect active forms occur
and these are rare. For the distinction of time between the
present and aorist, see 313.
401. The personal endings in the active are :
2
3
SINGULAR.
TO)
DUAL.
TOV
TWV
PLURAL.
T€
VTCOV
in t? A^x"'",*^' ^""'''"^ "^'^ ""^'^'^ imperative active of xU
in 765 (Xv€) and 767 (Xv(rov).
403. T» the second person singular of the present, 01 is dropped The
form Xvo-ov in the aorist is irregular. cropped, ihe
404. Learn the present imperative of €l|ii in 795.
405. 1. ualc, €t K€X€V€t 6 irals, strike, if the lad commands it.
-. a7dvTo)v Tovs (TTpaxicoTas, let them bring the soldiers.
thL ""^^^ ^'^"^ ^^"I^PovXeucrov avrots, in Heaven^s name, advise
y 406 The imperative expresses a command, exhortation, or
entieaty.
407. 1. jxi, 8t8a(rK€T(o (present imperative) tovs iratSas '
a6iK€iv. /e?5 7i2m /^o^ teach the boys to do wrong.
Hriketlns].^:' "■""" •"' '""^' ^''""*' subjunctive), <io not
lilPEttATIYB ACTIVE. jq^
408. In prohibitions, in the second and third pe.^ons the
its compounds. tl.ana
*^^* VOCABULARY.
5i8d(rK« (5.5ax), 8i8d|«, ^8(8a|a, 8€8£-
8axa, 8€8C8aY,iai, ^8i8dxeT,v, teach,
instruct, show. Nos. 1 and 36.
7^Xo<j>os, ou, 6 (7^ + \60oj, cres«, AJZ^,
mound of earth, hillock, hill.
8vo, tioo.
Ko,itt« ('coMtS), KOHidi, efe., carry away,
bring, convey.
|A«'pos, ow, t6, division, par<, share,
portion.
op7^, ^y, 77, temper, anger.
irais, 7rat56s, o', ■^, child, boy, girl, son.
TTj\6s, ov, 6, clay, mire, mud.
o-7r€v8«, «r,r€vo-ft>, to-Trcwo, wr^e, hasten,
be urgent.
«JHnr€p, conj. adv., jw5< as, as « were,
as if.
2^^, .oc,<^, ITT"' '^Z-^-- 3. Kip. ^aw ,^al
WV9 Suo ar/cXovs ^e^^aWa,^ ^p6s ro mvo^. 7 L J
411. 1. Send the messengers to the hill. 2. Be loval to
he Greeks. 3. Do not destroy the bridges. 4. I e friends
and allies, soldier.s, to Cyrus. 5. FelloV -oldier d
wonder that^ I am grieved. ^ ' " ""*
NoTKs.- > Dative of maimer, in anger (806).
2 "
'' OTl.
108
IMPERATIVE MIDDLE AND PASSIVE.
412. The Wagons get stalled in the Mire.
Kal Srjnore iv crrcoJ Kal nrjX^ ral, a>a'fa.. Svcrno-
^^ec.roy fiapfiap^.ov crrparev^aro, Kal .vveKfi^^d^e^v rk,
5 opyrj .KeXevcre rov, nepl avrov Uepads ro^, .aXo^, .dya-
XoTK. — 3. o-TpaT€v,iaTos : partitive genitive (814).
LESSON XLIV.
Imperative Middle and Passive.
413. The personal endings in the middle and passive are :
2
3
SINGULAR.
(TO
DUAL.
<r0ov
<r0«v
PLURAL.
orOc
trOwv
4t4. Learn the present, aori«t, and perfect inr„erative
middle and passive of xt. in 705 (X5;„„) ,,, (Xfl,*
(\€Xi)<ro), and 770 (Xvei^Ti).
415. The form Xv<roi in the aorist is in-eo-nlnr tv,
uses the active endings (40.), a,„. len^ e f, "tensf ufflxlrT
before a single consonant. Me,r. is for A.«,.ft. "'™'' "' '" '''
4in
VOCABULARY.
"'iT'' """'T"' *■' ■"'"■ '*' ^^^°^ <""•"• P'*-H.S .fe.. n,id
l,repa^ " ' '^' "'" """' '"""'"P" P-'^P' """ S™- «»
account of.
SlXTTTO-
Tas
ojcnrep
? Kaya-
are ;
jrative
), 769
passive
to 0TI
, mid.
r.
11., on
IMPMlUTlre MIDDLE AND PASSIVE.
109
«r!,e. ''■ XPdS" (a:p5«), ^a«(, nee,,, ^s,V,_
. **«"''"'''■'*. «n«(e«, 6racefe(. No. 89.
417. 1. fi S^ ^^^'^^^^^ ^
418. 1. Urge the soldieis to rest 9 «<.„ i r.
generals and the captains of th teet f ?r \''^'- *«
tl>em, sokliers, into the v.lhv. s 4 r l ,, ^""'''^ *'*''
eoUected in the market-pk of 5 Pro f ^■""■«<^"«'«« "^^
through the plain. °''^'' "'"^"^J" «oldiers,
41»- Splendid Discipline of the Persian Nobles
Wo yap .0. A,.„f.>^,, <i.„/,„V..„o. Xa^;3„W ^
110
CONTRACT VKIiliS IN THE IMl'hIiATIVJC.
LESSON XLV.
Contract Verbs in the Imperative.
420. honvn ll.o <-o„j,.n.MlioM of ihv p.vs.nt impcmtivo ucliv.,
n.uMIo, and pnssivo of Tr,xda> in 7.1, <>[ ttoUo) in 782, unci c.f
o'H^oa) 111 7s;{.
421. OhscMvo (liat
(J) a -f € =: 5 ; a -|- or ou = (o;
(-) € -f- € = €1 ; c -f or ou n= ou ;
(8) -f^ €, O, or ou ::=: OU.
4*>t>
dir-oiWo), ask- from, ((rmami.
8«0po, adv., /</7/nT, /im>.
8i4)e^pa, ay, »/. fanned hide.
Sp6(ios, OP. 6, r»/i, >•(((•(> ('(»«nv.
ISiwTTjs, or, 6, prmite person or soldier,
private.
VOCABULARY.
AaK€8ain6vios, 5, ov, Laeedaemonian.
lon(jer.
8irou, n>I. adv., ?r//rrr, wherever.
<rx€8(a, 5y, t;, m/y, .//ofjy. N,>. .'Jl.
ToXfidw, ToXfiVjo-w, c^c, r/.sA-, (fare.
42.-S. 1. f,^ noXe/^ure dSiKoi> n6\e^,ou.' 2. ToX^dra, Kal 6
evffv, neCr, a,ro ro5 ^^nopiov. 5. .V r5^ S,p,p^„ o-^,8ta.
CONTUACT VKlaiS ,N Till, I SII-LmATIV K.
Ill
^*- >. Ask ,:,,.„s f,„. ,u. 2. T,y U, ,1„ ..,11 Uy v„„,
■I'-- ;i. (ill ,„.t („ M,„ „,., ,„ i,,,.,,,;,.
NoTKH -. 1 A ro;,nn„ .•.,.M,H,,,tiv,. (,S;{;n. _. . vVrl.
two ()l,j,,ct ac(Mi.sii(,iv(..s (.s;{.S). ^
« MMiiifyiuK fo asl- |,jil<,.
425.
Traffic with Charmande across the Euphrates.
^%l^
No. 31. Raft of Inflated Hides.
112
AlhlECnVK STKMS IN v AND ea.
LESSON XLVI.
Adjective Stems in v and ca of the Consonant Declension.
420. LiMiii tlic (1(.('I
IMISK
fi(H(ff<\ iiiid
dXrieiis,
frt((\ in 7r)L'
'^" (>r liAas, /'Afr/r, €v6w|X(ov. .y;./--
''^^:."z:,z.!::::^:'-' ^'" —•-'■•
VOCABULARY.
X«*
t.
Mi
42J>.
^Xne^, .. (^. ciX,..a), una,,....,, K«.a.^av^,. ., ,, ,,,,, .,,,,,
d<r.j>a\y,s, ^s, free from dmuin- safv AuaX^o j ,
secure.
..•.x«/.. .• . " . "*' ""' ^' ?'^'^''<N region.
"'"^'•;" ^"^""""^•' *"""■"■ +«K, r.o„ , „„.„ „.;,, ,„,„, ^„, ,,,
-M« ,.. 4. oi K6po. ,Aao. .^, a,;,^.^ .,-, ,oO .a.,^.
^ YVneS^o. arrau o^aX^, ,„V^,/, ^„'x„,,„. i„. .ai .-^^'^ „
r>^ l^^<rov iii^epa, Kal oi «„ra0a.er. ,Va. oj ^oXe>coc.' '
s^
>17 T€
I'l'^iisoNAL run NOUNS. ,,
f.» J. . ""« was not true 1 r<
'^"'i <^ Pn.k lull <,r wil.l 1,,.^,^^,; -^"^'"^ ^ ^''•"'^ '"'td a |,ul.(;o
A Quarrel at the Ford
»'S>iif.vii.g «,,,f,- («„„). • ■^^""'Xl.: tl,o ,|„tivo ol,j,.ct follow., virl™
lESSON XLVII.
Personal Pronouns.
4 3' J Til
4;W-. Loam the declonvifn,, ^f n
■f "-p™„o„., i» e„;phau:;;,„''!:,::!:..t,''^ f f- '■ »- --«'ic. „„,
•"■•^"l, ..„d i„ o,e fi,,t iKnon 41,77"' 'T ''''" '"■""""" '"'••"" U.oir
Ill
i'i<:i:s()NAL I'Uosoi'Ns.
4:MI. TIu' iiomiiiativcH of tlu> immsoiiiiI pnuiomi)^ iirii.Holdom
used, <'\('«'|)( for »Mn|tliaHiH.
'riiUH. fiij <f>€vyu>fuv, hi us tinl fhr : <tv ti yaft'KWyju c7 kuI ^civ.yi
tfou (vr a (I'lrt ^' nmi ,V(» arc nr (iinLt.
or
4;i7. 'riu> jtronouii «)|" lh(> (liinl |km\s()ii, ou, oT, 'i, rfc, is
friMHMiilly iui iiidiivcl, ivlK'xivc in A (lie pio.se, /.<■. it is usimI in
11 (l('[uMi(l('iil I'liuisc to wi'cv to (ill' sul>i('i't of tlio ioiulitiL' vcrl).
'riiiis. ifntfioviTiu fui ()i fjiif}fjnfUH iT(f}iinv ov^ iTrutvTai, thty fmr that the
harhandiis will nut Jotloir tfirm.
4ilH. To supply (li(> plan- of n protiouii of Mh> ilijnl person (ho oNiiiuc
cases of <uV<>v are used, l\evit>\v l(tO.
A'Mh
VOCAHlll.ARY
»A{(vt), ♦;«, 1^, ajc. No. .'12.
• Sairavdw, Sa-iravi^crw, etc., spvnd, (Wiwnd.
' <"yii, i^ioO or ftov, pers. pron., /, I, at in fj/o; alrongor form
l"YWY*> I for nn/ part, \,iiih\ Ciiii idem.
• Kara-o-K^irrofiai, etc., ricto riosch/.
• |Ad, mlv., /)//, used in nej^aiive oat lis.
. (vXov, .)«', r6, wood, piece (\f wood ; plur., wood, fuel.
• oJ, tlat. of, pt'ns. pron., of himself, liatin sju.
• oCiTw (01' + jru», !/et), adv., not i/ct.
' irpo(r-f\avva», ride totoards or on.
» o-K^irrof&av (irNfTr). (rK^\)/o)jkai, etc., mid. dcp., ru'ic, .sjoy out,
search.
•o-v, (roO, pers. pron., thou, t/ou, Latin ffJ.
> <rx'l«» (<'^X*<'). J<rxi<ra, Ja-xio-dT]v, split.
' upSL, av, ij, time, season, hour, proper time.
No. 32. dfii/»;.
'!
'aw (hat the
lit)
440 1 * X i ' * * <^
;v« 6..r, .,0, „,. .v./j:sr;snr; ' "•< ''>^* ••
-*-*«. I. f »M.VH((If sni.mion,.,! vou '> n i .
No. 33. Bridle.
llf) HKFLKXIVK, UFJUVliOdAL, AND POSSKSSIVK PRONOUNS,
442. The Life of Clearchus is in Great Danger.
T]7 Se amy rjficpc^ K\eapxo<; ^K€u ct? rrji^ dyopau ttju
napa no iroTapo). «Vet8i7 Se avrrju KaTea-Kixjiaro, df/.i7r-
TTCvct ndkiv cVt TTjv iavTou <rKr)ur)p Bid tov McVwi/o? crrpa-
Tcu/xaro? avu oXtyot? rots ntpl aiVoV. Ku/ao? Se ovnoi
5 >;k€i/, dXX* m rrpocnjXavue • ran/ 8e McVwi^o? (TTpaTKoTwp
ivXa iTxiidiv TL^ KXeapxou SieXavvovra ireipaTaL /SdWeiv
Tjj d^tvxi' dWo^ 8e XlOo) koI aXXo?, clra TraVrc?, kci?
Kpavyi) T/t/ (fyofiepd.
NoTKH._;i. iauToO: of fm„s,'IJ\ f,ls oitm.~7. &XXos : .sr. Trciparui ftd\-
LESSON XLVIII.
Reflexive, Reciprocal, and Possessive Pronouns.
/ 44;J. Tlio rellcxivo pro!iouns are 4jxauTo{), ofmysdf, ccauToi),
ofi/oi(rsrlt\ ^auToO, iaur^s, 4auToi), of himself , heraelf, itmJf.
444. Losirii tlin (lo(dtMisioii of tliese proiiouii.s in 7(50.
445. Tho rcflcxivo i^ronouna aro compouiulod of the sttMiis of the
lw>rson:il pronouns (75!)) luid avro^. Hut in tho phiral tho two pronouns
aro docliiu'tl .soparatoly in tlio first and second persons.
) 44«. Tho reflexive pronouns refer to ilie subject of the \
clause in wliich tliey stand. Sometimes in a dependent clause
they refer to the subject of tlie leading verb, — i.e. they are
indirect reflexives.
Thus, d<^i7r7rcvtt iiri rijv avTov (TKr)vrjv, he rhfea away to his own quarters;
iKfXexHTe KPpos tov ' ApiijTnrTrov airoirefnJ/tu ttoos iavrov roix: fTTnuriMrtlc,
... - , — .J
Cyrm ordered Aristippus to send the soldiers to him.
i" OS (7r„o. ! " ''■"'^' '""' '"■" ''««1"'«<1 like ,.,ljo,:tiveH
44l>.
VOCABULARY.
o„« an../.., ''• ^""•' '^•^ *^'^' ^' ^^ (-0 448). po«. ,,„,, ,,,
imjlert. '' V^Ttpo,, a, 0. (SCO 418), our.
A+-t^.O«, d+H.,.,,„ (,^;, ^ '•7»«;;^ («- 446), reflex, pron., of
^"-K return on horsL, , '''"''' ^''"'•^^'•^•
--00, ^,, oo («,, 4^,)^ ,.^.^,^,^ ^^^^^^ '<^*. -'J. -^^ (Heo 448), ponn. p,,,,, ,^y,
of hhmclf, herself, itself. "' ^T
WvroO, ^, («co 445), reflex, pron o^ ' . "* ^'^' "''°^'^^' •"''^■' ^'^'«'//-
myself. ^'""•' '"^ "'*^-P««' «- o" (see 448), p„H«. pn,„.
your. '
4/)0 1 * ^ ^ »
^X^Ls /cat tt;!. o-eauroi) cipy^^ a-c6r,Lc 7n' ' "'"r ^ '^"'^
118 REFLEXIVE, RECIPROCAL, AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
451. 1. You have your own province. 2. They carried on
war with one another.'* 3. He gets his own soldiers together.
4. They feared that you would neglect yourselves. 5. It is
time for us to deliberate in our own behalf.
NoTKS 1 Nouns with a possessive pronoun take the article wlien they
reier to lefinite individuals (809). — 2 Yor the genitive, rf. VM), 4. » The
genitive follows verbs signifying to neglect (846). — ^ Ugg tj^g dative (864).
452. Clearchus advances against Menon's Troops.
6 8e K\ea/o;^os /carac^euyet et? to iavTov crTpdrevfia,
Koi evdv's TrapayyiWeL €19 tol oirXa • Kal tov<; fih oTrXtrct?
avTov cVeXefcrc fxcvetv, ra? acTTTtSa? tt/oo? tol yovaTa €)(ov-
Ta9, avro9 Se Xa^uiv Tovq 0/oa/ca9 ot {who) xjcrav avT^ iv
5 T(x} aTpaTevfiaTL, rjXavvev eVt tov^; MeVoii^o?, ^ctt iKelvoi
i<f)ofiridy)(Tav /cat avTos M4v(x)v, koX Tp€)(ov(nv inl tol owXa.
Notes. — .3, avrov : adv., there, i.e. where they were. — tos d<rir£8os . . .
KxovTos : the left knee was slightly advanced, the shield set firmly in rest
upon it, and the spear held in readiness for defence 4. XoPwv : literally
having taken, second aorist active participle of XafifSdvu).
Jill I
No. 34. Greek Hoplites.
NOUNS.
rried on
)gether.
5. It is
lien they
— 8 The
^e (864).
THE INFINITIVE.
119
>7rXtrd9
X €\0V-
» '^ J
.IfTCO €V
iKeivoi
L oTrXa.
rCSas . . .
' in rest
literally
LESSON XLIX.
The Infinitive.
463. The tenses occurring in the infinitive are the present '
S m\ ''"''''' ''''' '^^^^"^ ''-'^^'- '^^^^ -^^^
S '"" '" ""''"•' '^ '"'"^' ^^^^ - ^^- future and
454. Learn the eleven forms of the infinitive active, middle
and passive of Xtco in 7Go-770. "'luuie,
455. The endings are in the active cv and vat; in the
middle and passive o-eai.
450 The ending «v contracts with a preceding , to ctv (Xve-ev \Uv^
^i:t !: i ^r;;^?;-^^r ^^^n^^'^^^^^^-^ ^^'^ ^^-^ -^^^
in fonn. ^^e^-vat). Ihe aonst active (Xv<rat) is irregular
rJxI' 7^\\''^"* ^^ ^^^^« i« recessive (58), but all infinitives in vat
(a XcWva. Xv ^vaO, ^ aorist active infinitive (XW, PouxJI) Jid
the perfect middle and passive infinitive (X^Xv^Oa.) Lcent tl. penult.^'
458. The present infinitive of elfxi! k etvai (79-5).
459. Learn the present infinitive active, middle, and passive
o± Tijiao), iroico), and SiiXdw in 781-783.
400. Observe that
(1) a -|- €L or € — a ;
(2) € + €t or i = ii;
(3) 4-€i or €=:;0V.
«;«feae«a,
120
THE INFINITIVE.
I'll
III
461. Many of the uses of the infinitive are identical in
Greek and Englisli. E.g. :
1. Kupos KcAcuct Tov (TTparrjybv ^yiiaSai, Cyrus commands the (jenernl
to lead.
2. ^ovXofXiOa d7rox(Dpiiv, ire inish to rvithdraw.
3. (Tvvt^ovktvov Tois o-TpaTiwTttts fXTj TovTa TTOt^aai, I advised the soldiers
not to do this.
4. aSvvuTov iaTL ravra Troi^trat, it is impossible to do this.
5. Set Tous Ao;(dyov9 cTTrcvSeii/, //ie captains must make haste.
(!. ouToi iKai/oi r](Tav ras Kw/xas <j!>uAaTTCii/, ///ese icere sufficient to (juard
the vilkujes.
7. Trjv x^po-v €iT€Tptil/€. SittpTraaai ToX<i "EWrjai, he turned the country
over to the Greeks to plunder.
Thus, the subject of the infinitive is in the accusative (cf. 1 , 5), but it
is generally omitted if it is the same as the subject or the object (direct or
indirect) of the leading verb (cf. 2, 3, 6, 7). The infinitive may be the
subject nominative of a finite verb, especially of an impersonal verb or
i(TTL (cf. 4, 5). It may be the object of a verb whose action naturally
implies another action as its object, especially of verbs expressing icish,
command, advice, attempt, and the like (cf 1,2,3). It may depend on adjec-
tives, especially those expressing ability, fitness, willinyness, and the like
(cf 6). Fiiuilly, it nuiy ex})ress purpose (cf. 7). The negative with tlie
infinitive in these cases is ^i\ (cf 3).
i
t
5
4<}2.
VOCABULARY.
dSvvaro?, op, unable, impossible.
d^c{>6T€pos, a, ov, both.
avd-yKT], r;s, -q, force, necessity/.
d()>-iKv^o|iai (Ik), d(|>-C|o|xai, d<)>-iK6fJiTiv,
d(t>-t-y|i,ai, Come from, arrive, reach.
Sia-aw^w, bring through safely, save.
^iri-Tp^iro), turn over to, entrust, allow.
\6xos, ov, 6 {cf. \ox-ay6s), company.
rpitria, Tp^t|/o;, ^rpcifra and crpairov,
T^Tpo<}>a, WTpa|L)iai, 4TpdirT]v and
irpi^9r\v, turn, direct, rout.
^vyfif Tji, t; {cf. ipfuycj), flight, rout.
wit:
~4
to gi
THE INFINITIVE. -^^j
yap vp.a<; ^^T^,y q ^.y v //X^^^- ^. 'r)KOii^v
'.To^. ".4fr "^'"'"'^ -^^ -^' ^'-- -^^-'-
felS'oLSlr^^^^^^^^ - 7^7^ -OOP. ,. We,
this man to ,]o l.ann 4 W I ^ ^"" ""' '" "''""^
Note 1 A genitive of sepwalion. Cf. 336, 1.
465. Pr„«nus i-terferes, and Cyrus comes riding „p.
avr^ a^rero ... o.X.ro.. _ eiJ^i, ol. el, ro ;.^,.o. cJ^L
^eo-oi-, Kal Xeyet raSe. " ^ °
witrorT3%:!:: *: r?"™ '- "- -'-....pte,! «„„ i, „.™ed
122
THE IJS FUGITIVE.
No. 35. rb^ov.
LESSON L.
The Infinitive (cojitimiod).
4««. Learn tlie conjugation of tlie present and imperfect
indicative of (j)i]|j,i in 7.04.
407. All the forms of the present indicative of ^■q^il. are enclitic except
<i>rj<i. Review 1()8, KJJ).
4«8. 1. <|)Tio-l KXcapxov Tj-ycto-eai, he sai/s that Clearchus is
leading.
2. ^y\(T\v U|ids Ta«Ta iroiijo-ai, he says that j/on did this.
3. K€\€V€i KXcapxov ri-yeto-eai, he orders Clearchus to lead.
4. K€X€ii€i U|ids TavTtt Troiii<rai, he bids you do this.
In all the examples the infinitive is the object of th(> principal verb, but
in the first two it represents the words of an ori.t,nnal speaker and its tense
corresponds^ in time to the same tense of the indicative (the speaker says :
¥.Xiapxo<i rjydrai. ravTa iiroirjaav)', whereas in the last two example*,
where the infinitive is the ol)ject of a simple verb of commanding, as
explained in 101, this distinction of tense does not exist, but both riyddOai
and TTOLTJa-ai refer to the future.
THE INFINITIVE.
123
4««» lie mnat ve ,„ indirect ,«,.<,„„„ i, geno.ally tl.e
exi„c.Mm. Here „„„l. j,,,,, „f y,^ i,,,;,^;^.^^, corresponds in
tn«e to the same tense of some finite mood.
<% »««& a ,;r™< „„;,,, so that t/^ cnem,/ /,.ard Ln
473.
oirtKo, adv., immediately, forthwith
Y^vos, ouy, t6, family, race.
'"°r *'i' '""*"""• '^"'"""' ""'■ """j- '?^"™. '"""•
become, prove oneself to be.
8f|Xos, t;, 0. {cf 8v\6w), plain, evident,
manifest.
11, con j., or; ^. . . f,, either . . . or.
oftoXoY^w, 6no\oY^or«, e^c, con/ess.
VOCABULARY,
opYiJo^oi ((5^7t5), opYiov^ai, e<c. {cf
^py-f)), be angry.
irpo<r-^Kca, have come to, be related to.
o-TpoTdircBov, ov, t6, camp.
Tox^w?' (Cf Tdxa), adv., 7MtVj/.-/,y.
+^l*£ (0a), <f>^o-«, ^Tjaa, «a//, declare,
state, affirm.
EXX,.„ .^r, e.j .. S.f..- 3. i^ol 8e ^,<.. ^^o^lai
jm y..,Wa,. 4. H..o^5.n' oJ^y.-Co^o, .o/..^o.r.,
ro^eSo. 7. o/.oXoyer, oS. .epJ ^^^ „'8«o. yeye^J,,;
1 21
K: ti
TtlK IIVI'IMTIVK.
Xx^'l". r '"":"■ "'•"•' ^'■''""' -^'^'^ "'- "4
fTOLrjaovat. '
474 I. AM ,..,„f,.ss l„u. (Vr,.s was l..v,.,l» hy (|„, ,;,,,„,<.,
-. II- .,,.,,,,1,1 M„„, „,„ i„,.,„i„,„,„„„i,„,, „,„ :,, , ■
».™„s iw,,,„„.„..s. =.. Ti,.,v ,s,u,i M,„, „..„ „,.„„:,
-"■""">-• '• M.. ..us 1,.. will st,u. i,,.ro,v ,,,,;;,;,,
'"'I"'"-''- •'••'''->---•'- l,.,sUU. as to Ho^ ,.«,,,i,,.U,i,,.'
NoTKs.- -.1 Til,. .Inlivo MlosxH ViH'hH oxmvs^\uir „„mr (H(UU -2 •
:in ;,!i:' '"'.t "*• - ' ■■'"" -""■" ' ^'^ -'»■ •• ■'■"" '■•■"-"■' 'i-'
475.
Cyrus makes a Successful Appeal to Clearchus.
y-Huje .• c. yap nva dWyjXoc, /.a'^r,. ,r„„aV<ere, .„;..-^.„
rroXv c^ou v<rrepor ■ ikr ydp ra ,5^eVc,>a «„«,;, ,V„
tn-auo-ai/ro ap^ftoTcpoi. t^s 6(Oy^9.
N'oT»> - a. .,Ta»K4+.,e.. , r„i,,„,. |„„.r,.,(. i„ii„iiiv„ i„ uniu-oot ,ii,
;:; , ";ir - '•,"'°° '"••"- ^ """'■ ■ •^•'-,-,. ;„■ ,, ,',„„:;,;.,,ir,C;
take (lio iroiutivtMS.iS^. -_(; |v lav-P ^-^ , ,• vi.u,^i(,
,^„,,,. V • ' • *a '.^ .T"cxn : ra;«c' to InmsrIJ recovered /us
T€ (WT(i)
(Ii(< licld
iK'i.^'c ill
' (Mioniv
I liiin.
'^ in nirr,
-n'n„.y
'MIOIlillllH
o)
Kal
'ot (lis-
i iroXw :
SThWlS IN I AND V, 125
LESSON LI.
Stems in i and u of the Consonant Declension.
Vti^ Uuu'u Ihn cln.I.nsion of ^6Xts, <%, irfjxus, ./•......,
ddTu, fo,rn, uimI Ix^us. .M, in 71.s.
477. V0VV..I .slMMH M<l,l V in M.u,s.M.li,M.,s u.wl IV,ninin,.s |,o fonn M,.
''"""• """ ' :7 '" "" '•-- '--Pt 11... ..o.ninuiiv., a.n.sul,iv.. nn.l Li^
.0.. not allnd, M.o uccnt. Tl. g..,.il,ivo plural lollovvs iUr a,...',, of ti
^'^^' VOCABULARY.
dKp6uoXts, .., ;; («,,„, 4. w.X«), ,,j,er X6y^r^, ,., ^, .,;,ear po/„7, spear. No. 41.
<'7//, rUatlrl, nrrojxdis,
8dpu, aros, t6, s/uvtr .s//,(//, uprar. No. 11
8vvo(Ais, ews, 7), (f/u7////, ;,„»;rr, /,rof>/As.
ir«vT«Ka(8«Ko, in(|('cl.,,///7(;fin.
irfjxus, fws, 6, forearm, ruhit.
SdpSfis, fuv, al, SardtH.
Td{i«, cws, i, (rj: Tdrrw), nrranffctnmf.,
order, arrai/, divLtion.
zrora/.o\ eW. rh .Zpo,'^ ^XSpov;^ nXrjprj, 8' .';^^^....
1. e<rn be /cat ^acrtXcia inl raU roG 7rora/.oi) Trr^yaZ^ vrro
rp aKponoXe. 5. ^.^^ rar^rrju r^. rroUv ^v yrjXorl^o,.
<>. epj<o nou XOy^uaicv dcrru 9,v dKp6no\c, KaXyj. 7. dvov
^e ovTOL Kal Sopv ak {ahont) irevreKaiheKa Trr^ve...^' \A....^.,
jov. ^ 8. Kdpo, 8' i^^racTLu TrocuraL rS^v 'VX\r,vcov kJtL
■
Hi
^^H
126
HTEMH IN I AND v.
Tarpdnr,, r,'. re Kipov SuVa^.. ,al ^o,piu <v«, Kal ri,v
aavrov ap^r,v cr^'^ag, ^ Zi 'Apra^dp^ov SuVa^c, ^o. avu..
p-a-XOI eCTTW.
4«0. 1. lie I,,ul ganisons i>, the cities. 2. Tlieio are lish in
the.e rivers. 3. V.v Cyru« .sent the tribute.s fro„. the.se cities.
4. lluMe he m.a.le a review a,ul cnun.eratiou „f the (Ireeks.
o. if you make «.se of tlie Greek f„rce, you will easily con.mer
these bjirhariaiis. ^
NOTKS 1 For the case, see 804. _ '^ Accusative of specifiauion (HIM).
(8. .,)._« .l//,v/>./... g-en,t,ve of ,..«..,,, (841, 5).-_o ^he adjective. See
the general vocabulary. •*
*^*' Treacherous Proposal of Orontas.
€«aC€ro h ec^ac ravra <is (about) 8co-xi\i<«^ Inn,^^. oSro,.
«ao^ «a. xopro. Kal dsOi.i^PV'rci^ou ^.. 'Op6vri,
de, n.p<r,,9 ar^p, ycWi « npo,TrJKo>v ra, 'Aprafepfj, «ai
6 ra ^o\e^.„ Xeyo^e.os ,raV« dya^o, dvox, eVt^ov\.„'«
K.V,^. ouros l\cf.^ o"n « „5ra; KCpo5 eVtrp#«e,.
avbpa.<i pXuyv;^ ^ roiys ^oXe^ui'dv, «ara,co,/,«.,. aV ,* aurois
ai' K-wXuo-eiE Kauv tov xoprov.
fZl"'"' ~,!' 'T"" ' '''■"'" "" ""'"P "P'^-'"" Cha,-,„an,ie. See tl,e map
genitive of ;».««.,,;«. (8 t:l). — oiroi : refer, t„tl,« 1 Pl«l.c,.t,,
iVir,,,,/ ■! .( - -»> , " lioiwinen implied n
,„ . "'"""'' "^ «»<! .). Td iroX<|ua : in matters vertninmi}
parS,:";,r''"v" "'■ r"'''""''"" («^")-X.V.^.o,: pre^eift p.: f
participle, /,««,/.,„„/ or recl-oncl. —d. ,l airS «rX ■ OroiiH, ,.,i,l. -• ■ -
» /, V „ , ^ i^i/x.. i/ioniab said: et cuoi
KtuAuo-ttt/At ktA. (364). •
til
PAIil CIPLES ACTIVE.
127
Koi Tr)p
(TOL (TVfJL-
ro fish in
!se cities.
Greeks.
conquer
'ion (8;M).
tive. Seo
LTTTTCDV '
OVTOL
^^Tj /cat
fovXeuet
peyjjGLev
avTOVf;
the map.
)i'edicjite
plied in
^rtainhuj
passive
» » \
et €[10L
jTov<i av
No. 36, Greek Schoolroom.
LESSON LII.
Participles Active.
482 The participle occurs in the present, future aorist
perfect, and future perfect tenses. '
suffix is OT as Ai7o.vr A,T . - V ^ ^ perfect, where the
485. The present participle of el,i£ is Hv. oS<ra, 8v (795).
Tiu**"' .^'''*'''''''"' '" ''»''' '»"• ^'"1 o«.v are contracted. See
exactly iLloT" '" """" "" '"^ *^'^'' '^ '^-'^-'^
128
PAIi TICIPLEIS ACTl VE.
487. The partidple constantly occurs in Greek where
English uses a relative clause. E.g.:
1. O.V c^t'Act TO. ^acrtX«v'o.ra 'ApraUp^v^, she did not love Artaxerxes,
who was kuuj. '
2. cVi rhv TTorap^hv nopevovruL, oVa r^ tZpo, ^XWpov, they proceed to
the rirer, trhich is a hundred feet ivide.
3 ToJ ToU Ttttov, XtaavTL uipy{^,ro, he was angry xdth the man xoho had
loosed the horses.
4 ovVot dacv ol ^p,a, ^dvra, d8cK^<TovT,,, these are the men who tvill
wrong you all.
An attrilmtive participle may thus be used like an adjective to qualify a
noun (cf. 1, 2); or the noun may be omitted, and the participle with the
article may itself be used as a noun (cf. 3, 4). These participles denote
t.me present, past, or future, relatively to the time of the leading verb
488.
&iT-li\<a, keep off; intrans., be distant.
PoTiG^w, poTje V«, iPo^Ori<ro, P«Po^eTiKa,
P«Po^0T]nai, run in order to aid, help,
assist. >
8w8fKa, indecl., twelve.
«{>voio, a J, ii (cf. cvvovs), good will,
fidelity.
oUiui, oIk^o-«, etc. {cf. olda), inhabit,
dwell; pass., be inhabited, be situ-
ated.
VOCABULARY.
ol'ofiai, otYjo-onai, 4ifir\v, think, expect.
'OpdvTos, a (Doric gen.) or ov, 6,
Orontas.
om-irort (oid^ + wori, ever), adv., never.
irdp-eijAi, be near ov present; rd irapbvTa,
the present circumstances.
irpdcrecv {cf. wp6s), adv., before, pre-
viously.
<{>iX£a, OS, i} {cf (/>l\os), friendship.
XaX€ir6s, tJ, 6v, hard, difficult.
c
OL
489. 1. Tpiyjp€L^ y^p i^ec 6 Kco\io-cop oj/ta?. 2. ..
npoadep ^jpTiv^ fiorjeyjcraPTes rov^ SpKov<; XeX^KdaLv. 3. J
dvSpes o-rpaTL^Tai, xaXcTra eVrt ra Tra/ooVra. 4. ^ero y^p
Tovs KcoXva-opTa^ ehai rripdv tov norafiov. 5. wph? rro
TTorafx^ K<ofirj coKeiro, airixovda rov 7rorap.od irapaadyyrjp.
PARTICIPLES ACTIVE.
129
ek where
A rtaxerxes,
I proceed to
an ivho had
n who ivill
qualify a
le with the
)les denote
J verb.
ink, expect.
or ov, 6,
id v., never.
r4 irapbvTa,
Bfore, pre-
dship.
2. ol
3 '
(jj
ETO
yap
OOQ roj
OLyyrjv.
etxe^. 7. r<op y^p pIkcoptcou' icrrl /cat tcl iavr^u cra^C^cv.
8 epcOTa TL TO KCo\v6u' icTTL TTO/JCuW^at. 9. i<lyrj TOP flh
KaXws noLovpTa inaipelv, rov 8^ ^.h^Kovvra o^k iiraivelv.
4»0. 1. Those who dwelt by the sea were friendly. 2 He
sent men who would rescue the boys. 3. But he called those
also who were besieging the city. 4. Aristippus, who was a
friend of Cyrus, hastened to Sardis. 5. Here was situated a
prosperous city, twenty parasangs distant from the sea.
Notes. - i The dative of the indirect object follows verbs signifying
to aul, assrst, and the like (8G0)._ M)ative of cause (866). _» VrJJ,
genitive ot possession QM^y^Uhe thing which hinders, le. the hindrance.
*^*' The Traitor betrayed.
^ tJo 8^ Ktpco dKoUaPTL Tama iB6K€L d<t>4Up.a elvai, Ka\
eKeXevcrep 'Op6vTdv Xa/./3aV«^ fxdpo^ ^ap iKcicrTov t^v
WoVo)^. 6 8* 'Op6vTd, vofxtad, kTolt^ov, eha, avT^
rov, ar^Spa, ypdcf>u inicTToX^v ^apd 'ApTa^4p^y^v Stl
^V^a aTpaTLc^rd, ix^v dWd <t>pdcTaL toIs iavTov cTTpa^
ncorat? eVAeve^ co, (as) ^t\ov airrhv inoSexeo-eaL. ivijv
Se cV tt; imcTToXr, Kal t^, 7rp6cTdev ^,\id, vnofjLuy}f,aTa
KaL mcTTeco,. Tai^Trju t^v cVtcrroX^ 8t'8a>o-t mcrrcS dvhpi,
a>9 (peTO • 6 hk Kvpcp SlSoxtlv.
Notes. 1. ra€ra : subject of ^SoVa. - ^i+^.^a : for the meaning, o/
o><^eAea>._2. t»v ^^^.^W : the commanders of Cvm.,', na^].. trooDs !!
VT^V ''*''' *' Artaxerxes. - 6. air6v: i.e. Orontas.^Z. rfis^ipd.
o-e«v +tX(as : their former friendship (811). _ 8. 8(8aMri : he gives
i.no
rAirncirLKs middu: and passivk.
LESSON LIII.
Participles Middle and Passive.
4J>2. Learn Mio sovon fonns of M,(. ,„i,l,li,. ,i,„i j,,,,^^;^,,,
padiciplrs of \f,<o ill 7(15-770. Ml paiticiph^s i„ os arc (iccliiu'd
hko itria6ik (7r,()). Loii,.,, tju! dccU'iisioii of XuGci's in 751.
4JKI. Tl.o «|H.,'iaI suMix (181) a.ldo.j 1., M„. (....m.. sir.,, i., M,,. ,„i,Mi,.
H.,.l pussivo t„ foi„, ||„. paitinpl.-s is h«vo. Hut M,,, a...isl passive us.-s
tho m.|,v.. .',„li„.i; VT, as A.-^^e-rr, aiul is <.xyt(,i,o. Tl.., iKM-f.-ct n.i.ldh, au.j
imssiv«« has Mio acuto on (,!u? penult.
4J)4. For (lie piuscnt participles of contract verbs in tlm
middle and passive, soo 7si -7H;J.
4J>r.. 'riu> participle may delino the einnunHtanci's of an
action, /v'.//. .*
1. To.\ (iap(iapov<i vlKy]iravTt^ otV.Se ^7ro/>c^,.TO, /.-//rv/ ihni hwl t'on-
qntinl llw harfxiridiis, t/ifi/ pronct/rd houir.
•J. dhiKi^BtU ai^rhv iTTiumu I struck h'nn hvcnme f had been wronfjed.
.*$. iiroptvovTo riiv x^^P^iy dp7rdCouT€<:, then (idrnmrd mrm/m;, the ro,u,fn,.
4. cVcpcu'ero cVi Tr)u ir6\ty nU crTrovSi, Troirjadfi.uo^, he procveded to
t/ic rttif to niah' the truce.
f). (r,.,^oT« tiv xdptv hfxlv ix^ifiev, if ,re should ho sared, we should feel
grateful to i/ou,
(J. fxuTou €'xo.v r^9 airov o-rparms r>p.u><: c't'o, iyivero rov K6pov ci<ovv-
fiox, Keparo,, although he mis at the eentre of his own force, nevertheless he was
beyond ( \t/rus's lefi wing.
7. wap?jv txoiv ottX^tcIs TpiaKoo-iows, he was there with .WO hoplites.
These participles express time (1), came (2), means or manner r3),
purpose (4), condition (5), concession (G), and «««ne/a«/ circ«m/ar,c* (7).
I'AitncirLKH Minnu: anh passivk.
mi
I piiHsivo
<l(M'lill(Ml
M.
iMsivti uses
s in tho
W of ill!
hntf eon-
)(• rounfri/.
M'ecilnf to
hmld feel
OV €V<DVV-
ss he wan
nner (3),
ce (7).
4\H\.
VOCAIUJI.AKV.
ii.a.ri., aM/,„„, annnna ; ...i.l /«. ""^'^-''^'^P''''"' •^"'^" "^"«. -;..,..
«C« (':/'. ''f), adv., oithhlc, h,'!/onil, be-
yond the rmrh of.
I'idlllf,
Xipp6vTi«ro«, «„, ^, //„. chn-HoncHv.
Kvpo, .A^ou, .„.,;, ,„,,;, .^^^ > J-^ ro.,
out t.. „ioo '. . V "'" ""• '" '■•'"• "-'• "-.V .sl„.„l.l ),.
-n<i„. ,„::;,;, : ;i:i'::"'"r ;''.'^ ■ ■-" '""'^ -'«■-->
Ill
132
BEADING LESSON.
499.
Orontas is brought to Trial.
6 8e Kvpo9 o-vWafJLfidvet 'Opovrdv, koX avyKakel els
TTjv iavTov o-KTjprjv Uep(Td<; tmp wepl avrov eVra, /cat tov<^
T(t)v 'EXXtJvcop arpaTrj-yovs eKeXevcrev OTrXtVct? dyayelv,
TOVTovq Se raxOrjvai irepl tt^v avTov o-ktjvtJu. ol Se Tavra
6 iiTOLrio-av, ayayoVre? a>9 (<«5o?^^) TpLcrxiXCovs OTrXtra?.
KXeapxov Se /cai eto-o) Tra/oe/caXecre avix^ovXov ■ ovto<;
yap /cat ai^oJ /cat rots dXXoLs eSo/cet tt poTlix7)drjv ai
/LtaXtcrra roij/ 'iiiXX>/i/wj/.
Notes. — 3. oYovetv: second aorist infinitive (iiidicative ^yayoj/). In
line 5 the second aorist participle, dyayoVrc?, occurs. — 7. ovt$ : i.e. Cyrus.
iVot only Cyrus but also the rest cf the Persians thought that Clearchus
was the most prominent man among the Greeks. — 8. twv 'EXXVjvov : parti-
tive genitive with ixaXnTTa (842).
No. 37. Greek Armor.
ALJJiCTIVE ISTEMS IN v.
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES. 133
aXet €ts
cat TOU9
•e ravTOL
)7rXtTa<?.
ovTo<;
nrjdrjvaL
yov). In
I.e. Cyrus.
Illearchus
iv : parti-
LESSON LIV.
Adjective Ste.s In „ of t.e Consonant Declension. _ z„e.n,ar
Adjectives.
500. Learii the dpplpnei'r^n r.4? ♦ c »
-egul„ adjectives ^^ J IT : ^Lr' '" f' '"'" "^ ''"^
h Y«.s, ^r6af, and iroXvs, much, mmiy, in 753
602.
airdet (c/. a^r6.), adv., here, there.
Mvs, era, iJ, deep.
hy<>s,hav., near, at hand.
f^^^^^'^^Hcf-vSo^a.), sweet, pleasant
»l|Aio-vs, ejo, V, half.
•^P^vT), 7/s, ;^, spring, well.
»*^Yas, MeTciX,, ^^a, great, large.
VOCABULARY.
iVio-etv, adv., behind, in the rear.
''°^<'^, -oX-K^.iroU, much, many ;^oU
as adv., much, far.
TKTjv^o,, o^KTjv^aca, 4<rKV^<ra {cf ..,,^),
Td<j)pos, 0.;, ^, di^cA^ <rencA.
-X.. ajoft ^..r,o ^,y„., ^„, ^,s^^ ^ y-- 2. -.
A* 7 lU. ex« ro ,,/,to-v tov o-rpare^JMaros.
134 ADJECTIVE STEMS IN v. lUHEGULAU ADJECTIVES.
504. 1. The wine was very sweet. 2. There Cyrus had a
palace and a great park. 3. The soldiers were in great hope..
4. 1 hence they proceeded into a large and beautiful plain.
o. In this plain there were many villages.
NoTKs -1 The genitive depending on a*^.09, imHh, worthf, is tlie geni-
hve of value i^ -^ S,^.jecil.e genitive (841, 2), the fear that the barbarians
Jelt, not the fear that they inspired. -3 Inceptive aorist (l.'M, 3), went into
camp, enca,nped.--Y\,e genitive follows eyy.'s (8o0)._5«, tj,, ,,;idle cf this
day s march, /.ccros in this position (813) refers to ^part of the subject.
605. Cyrus makes the Charge: "This is not the First Time that this
Man has been false to me."
^^era hk Trjv Kpi(nv tov 'Op6vTd K\4apxo^ i^-qyy^KU
Tol^ (f)i\oL<; cJ? iydv€TO • o{, y^p airopp-qrov ^v. iXefe hk
on Kvpo^ ^pxe tov \6yov cSSe. " nape/caXecra tfia^,
duSpe^ cf^CXoi, Stt(o<s (tvv tpTiv /SovXevofieuos o tl StKaiop
5 eVn Kal nph^ OeO^v koI irph^ avep<oTT<ov tovto npd^co nepl
'OpoPTd TovTovi TovTov yap rrp^Tov fxkp 6 e^o? narrip
eSojKep iTTTJKoop ehat ifioL- raxOeh Sk oJ? ^rj airh^; inb
TOV ifiov dSeXffiov o^To^ iiToUii-qaev ifiol ix^v ttjp ip
tdpSea-Lp dKp67To\Lp, Kal iyc^ a{rrop npocrnoXefjLwp iTroirja-a
10 TOV 7r/)09 €fi€ TToXefMov TTavVaCT-^at."
XOTKS. — 2. «s^Y^v*To: hmo it (the trial) ivas conducted. — 3. ^px* •
bej/an. For the following genitive, see 845. - 4. 6' ti : Hiatever, the nonter
of the general relative oVrt?, ^rc,, 5 re, u^hoerer, whatever. The relative
clause IS summed up emphatically in the following roCro. — 5. ,rp^|« •
aonst subjunctive. - 0. tovtovC: here, ^Nith an emphatic gesture, strono-er
torm of TOVTOV. - 7. €"8«k€v : rjave. - «tvai : expresses purpose (401, 7) -
9. air6v : subject of TravcracrOai. - xpoo-,roXc^div : by warring against (him), a
participle expressing manner (495, 3).
11
VES.
IS had a
'X hope.3.
l1 plain.
the geni-
mrharians
went into
'lie of this
ibject.
that this
yycWe
UKaiov
(o irepl
nar^p
09 VTTO
rrju iv
'OLTja-a
! neuter
relative
vpa^ta :
ti'onger
,7)._
Vim), a
ST£MS IJf A DIPIITHONO. jor
lESSON LV.
Stems in a Diphthong of the Consonant Declension.
BW. Learn the declension of BaaiX.^c /„•„„ »„.„
YPavs, «?rf ^,0Man, and vaOs, «/<«> in 749 ^ ' ''^' '""'•
a Short vowel. The genitive .„,„W ,„., :;, I 'rilS .T':.- ^^■'"^
508.
Air.*pxoHai, come or gro a^^ay, retreat,
desert.
"Aprejiis, tSoy, :^, Artemis. No. 09.
PoOs, /io6., 6, :^, oa;, co..; plur., cattle,
oxen.
P«fi<5s, oO, 6, altar. No. 38.
YPa«s, ypa6s, i, {cf. y^p^,)^ old woman.
yvvii, yvmiKds, i}, woman, wife.
*7ra-8^(,Ve/ + 5^),coni.,r,Aen,,,Ve.
«PftTjv€vs, 4m, 6, interpreter.
VOCABULARY.
*PXo»tat (ip^, ix,o), ^X0ov, iXiiXvBa,
come, go.
cavalryman; p\uv., cavalry. No. 17.
vavs, i-etis, 7), ship. No. 43.
oOk-ovv (0^ + 05.), interr. particle, not
then? not therefore? expecting an
atfirniative answei-.
o-rpaTouc8.t;o^at, <rrpaTouc8«^ao^Lai,
e^c. (cf (TTpaTdTeSou), ,„i,l. dep., ^o
into camp, ennimp.
Kv/,05 ras ^avs /.€r£,r<a,/,aro. 8. roi.
136
STEMS m A DIPHTHONG.
ye/ooi/ra? /cat ra? ypav<; KariXiTTov • ^Xtya"? y^p mO? elxoi^.
9^ Kol irapa fxeydkov ^ao-tXeoi? nap^p TLCT(Ta(f)€pvrj<s Kal 6
ri79 ^ao-tXeV yv^at/c^? aSeXc^o's. 10. o^/cou^; nap^ ygacrt-
Xea)9 TToXXot 7r^^9 Kvpou dn^Xeou, eVaS^ TroXe/xtot dXXyjXoi^
iydvovTo /
510. 1. He sent the interpreter to 3 the generals of the
Greeks. 2. Let us plunder the king's country. 3. They
asked the king for cattle.^ 4. The expedition will be^against
the great king. 5. For Cyrus sent to the king the tributes
from the cities.
Notes. — i Dative of instrument (866). — 2 When the reference is to
the king of Persia, /JacrtAcvs commonly stands without the article. — » Trapri
with the accusative. _ 4 Verbs signifying to ask take two object accusatives
(8:J8). —^tfTTai (for co-crat). For the future, see 170.
511.
He cross-examines Orontas.
'' Mera raGra," 6(^7;, " (2 'O/ooVra, tl ere '^SUrjaa ; " diro-
Kptverai ^n ovhkv ^S^Kyjcre. irdXiv hk 6 Kvpos ^pc^rd,
'I OvKovu vcTTepov, 0)9 auTos (TV 6p.oXoye:<;, ovSh vn ifiov
dSiKovfiepo^ KaK^S inoUL^ Trjp ifx^v X^/^^i^;" etfir) 6
6 'Op6vTd<;. ''OiKovv:' i(j>rj 6 Kdpos, "ottoV aS iyCypcocTKes
TTjp o-avrov SvVa/xu', iXdoju inl top ttJs 'Apre/iiSo? /Bcofiov
Kal Trddd^ ifxk TTto-ra irdXiv eScoKdq p,oi Kal eXa^es nap"
ifiov;'' Kal ravO' (ofioXoyei 6 *Op6vTd<s.
Notes. — 1. t-: cognate accusative (S^3), ivhat wrong did I do you? —
2. oiB(v : the answer r f ' ntas in his own words was oiSh ^S^Kr/cra^, you
did me no wrong. oiScV is e neuter accusative singular of oiSet?, no, none.
— 4. dSiKovjitvos : ante, .ve participle (495, 6). — 2<j>tj: said '' Yes." ~
^ [uiriicipie, nceiineu like ckoji/. — v. tdtoKas : did
you give.
00
in
en(
to
do'i
tJii
did
h
RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
137
No. 38. ^w^6j.
LESSON LVI.
Relative Pronouns. Genitive Absolute. Numerals.
8.f/*" ^^'Z'^'^''^.' P'"'''""''' ""'' ^^' ^' ^' ^^^^' ^^'^'^^' and
^rj'fi' T^\ J'' '"' ^^"^^^^^^^- The latter is called the
indelinite relative.
613. Learn the declension of 6s and Scttis in 764.
encm c Tt9 (3o4) each part being separately declined. 2 „ is so written
to distinguish it from 5tl, that, because. "^"
c^o.?LlV7^'V"'^^^' ^^'^'^''^ -pax^YovvTos, ^A^. was
aone when Olearchus was f/eneral.
2. (ierd raOra K«po« mX.^ovtos 'Opdi^av dirdvouaiv, «ft,r
«'««, at the command of Gyrm, they lead Orontas away.
138
HELA TIVE PRONOUNS.
<-!
These participles are ctrcuM.tan,ial i^), and express time and cam-.;
each luodihes a noun in the genitive; the noun and participle are no
granunatically connected with the main construction of the sentence.
r,l« A noun and a participle not grammatically connected
with the main construction of the sentence may stand by them-
selves in the genitive. This is called the Genitive Absolute.
r>17. T.earn the first ten cardinal numerals in 7r,o, and the
declension of els, 6vo, rpcls, and rcTTapes, in 757.
518.
els, fila, ^v, one.
^l-tXavvw, drive out; intrans., march,
march on.
Z€vs, At6y, 6, Zeus, highest of the gods.
Nos. 52, 61.
KOTa-irpoTTw, do thoroughly, accom-
plish.
<5s, 7;, 0, rcl. pron., ivho, lohich.
«}<r.Tts, vns, Sti (6's + Tis), rol. pron.,
whoever, whichever.
ovS-(is, ovSefila, ovS^v, declined like eh
{ov8^+ds),none, no, nobody, nothing.
VOCABULARY.
o-TdSiov, ov, t6, stadium, stade, GOO
Greek feet.
<rTpoTT,Y^«, o-TpartiYVjo-w, ^o-Tpar^YTj-
o-o, ^o-TpaT^iYTjKa (rf. aTparriyds),
be general, lead, take command,
command.
o-wT^p, rj^.os, 6 (cf. crv'fo.), preserver,
savior, a title given to Zeus.
T^TTopes, a, four.
Tp«is, rpla, three.
TpCros, V, ov {cf. Tfeh), third; rb rplrov
as adv., the third time.
519. 1. ^ye/xoVa alrelTe' o(TTL<i'' ifia<; dnd^eL. 2. e'fe-
XavVa Sid ^pvycd, araeixhv iva el, ttoXlv olKov^iiv-qv
ev^ai^iova Kal f,eyd\7jp. 3. ^aav 8k alroU fioeg ot?9
ejvorav Toi Ad r^ aojrijpi. 4. i^^ Ka\^, Karanp^^co i<f>'
a (TTparevofxai, Kard^^o ifjid, OLKaSe. 5. fxerd radra, (2
'Op6pTa, iarnp' S tl' ere yj^iKy^cra; 6. Kipox, 8k KeXev^av-
TO, ApLo-TLTTTro, dneTTefx^eu 6 el^e o-rpdrevfjia.' 7. ivrevOep
(O
RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 139
iUiuova. Kipov arparriyovr^o, crra0po(>, rp.U i„l ^6.
M/'ar,. ^ora^o., oS f,v rh .Ipo, rdrrapa <rrdSca. 8. eV
TTcpi ^eo-as TO/tras, ouSe^Ss Kco\i5oM-os.
r^O 1. And with her he sent horsemen whon, Menon had
2 Whoever of you did this was unjust. 3. Cyrus sent him
g.fts which are regarded at eourt^ (as) precious. 4. Whin
Oroutas had confessed this, Cyrus spoke as foUows. 5. Th re
the relative clause (829), f^ Lwii: /'""""«'«<»-" f »W"oted into
^^** Oroutas confesses his Treachery.
y f.:' i<l>r, 6 Kvpo,, "d8,Kr,0u, i^' if^ov vvu ro
o.8e. aS«^^e., e..^o„Xeve. ^,^.e. 6 Kipo, „^oV,
_ 0/.o\oyet, o«^ n.p, if,^ dS.Kijaou;" -O^oXoyS," .>„
6 o 0/,o.ra, "a.ay«, y„>." ,-, ,„„Vo. ^a'Xc. i<^„I!
o K.,o. -En o5. „V .r,, ™ ^^,- ,S.X4.^ I'J I
e/.o. 8e^,^.Xo5 .„! „,^r6,r 6 8^ dno.piuerac, "OiS"
«t €4,,^, 0, Kv/,e, 0-06' / dv wore in So^cufi,."
4.dS«W: infinitive in ind.Lt di !: f /^o" 7:: "" T"'' "
140
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
No. 39. /3ai}, /3oi5/
LESSON LVII.
Conditional Sentences. General Suppositions.
522. Review 301-305.
The suppositions expressed in 304 are particular (302).
r>2.-5. 1. €av Tis kXctttxi, KoXdJcTai, z/aw«/ one {ever) steals,
he is {always) punished.
2. €t Tis kXc'tttgi, CKoXdJcTo, zj «%«/ ori(3 {ever) stole, he was
{always) pu7iished.
Here the suppositions are not particular, but general (302). In the first
example, the supposition is present ; it is introduced by iiv, if, and has
the subjunctive : the apodosis has liere the present indicative, but it may
have any present form denoting repetition.
CONDITWNAL SENTENCES.
_ 524. Present general suppositions liave i&v with the sul>
junetwe :n the protasis and the present inUicat v (o . ^
other present form denoting repetition) in the apodosis!
but it .„a, have Ly past ^J:^.^^^^ ""'"*°' ""'"''"™'
525 Past general suppositions have cl with the o,,tative
the protasis, and the imperfect indicative (or some o£ for
denotnig past repetition) in the apodosis.
526. Review 306, 307 ; 316, 317 ; and 303, 304.
in
m
627.
VOCABULARY.
ocC, adv., always, ever. '
«K.wo8(6v ii^ + no6s), adv., out of the
way.
^iriKovpTjua, arcs, t6, relief.
€p7ov, oy, t6, work, deed.
Ky^TTW (KXeTT), kX^^«, *"KX«,|,a, K^KX0«f>a,
K^KXt^^ai, ^KXdinjv (cf K\ci^), steal.
KoXdS« (/coXaS), KoXdo-«, ^K6Xoo-a, k€k6.
Xao-noi, €KoXd(ret|v, punish.
ov-iroTs (oi5 + TTOT^), adv., never.
iror{, adv., once, ever (enclitic).
irovs, 7ro56s, 6, foot.
iTTHo-xv^Ofiai (cre;^), {.Tro-o-xVio-o^at, W-
«^XotiTlv, itr-^o-XTj^ai (^7r6 + e-;^^),
AoZrf one.se(/-M«(fer, undertake, prom-
ise.
Wo-X!J«, ;oose ftenea^/i; n.id., nntie
one's sandals or shoes.
'I'cvSo^ai, t|,«^flro^iat, 4+cvo-d^r,v, i'^.v-
o-jAai, ^ie, c/iea^, rfecei?;e.
528 1. e. ry v.o<rxo.ro- n Kvpo,, ovW. .V^^8..o.
- -.^- .„.j.ot a^c rou9 ^«/.o«'?, «d^* ^^ Suuoh cJcc o-<„7«^
142
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
Xevaa. 6. idp 719 tl ayaOov ^ KaKhv TTOLyjcrj} a^roV, iel
vlKav' TrecparaL. 7. oiS^ y^p du fxe 6 fiacnXev, inaLvoCr). ei
dSiKoCrju ous (/>aou9. 8. aVS/3e?, idu /xot ireLCTdiJTe,' rodrou
Tov avOpajTTov iKiro^t^v Troirjcreo-ee. 9. et ifiels idiUre.
opfxaadai, i7T€o-eaL Vfilp fiovkoixai. 10. /cat €t n? a{rrS
SoKoirj Twu^ irpb^ tovto to ipyov TeTayfxdva^v crxoXatoi?
TTOielv^ TOP inLTTJSeLoi/ iirauv.
r,2J). 1. He is uhvays enraged if anybody deceives him.
2. If they caused us trouble, we punished them. 3. If he
promises anybody anything, lie never deceives him. 4. He beat
his soldiers if they did not obey. 5. He never came to my
house,7 unless he was sent for.
JfoTEs. _ 1 /.e. TLVL (763). _ 2 Second aorist optative. — 8 ^«,,w the
niyht, accusative of extent of time (8;3G). _ 4 /.e. Kal idv, even if. — ^to be
superior, to outdo (uim). — 6 With the force of the niid.lle, obey. - ^ rraph ifi4
530.
Clearchus advises that Orontas be put to Death.
The Others concur.
7rpb<s TavTa Kvpo<; eXefe to2^ irapodcTiv, " 'O fieu dprjp
ravTa fieu TrenoLyjKe, ravra 8^ Xeyet • Vfx&p Se av Tr/awro?,
c3^ KXeapxe, \4^ov 6 tl (toi SoKrer." KXeap^o? 8e eXefe
raSe • ''tvfi^ovXevco eyco top dvhpa tovtov eKirohaiv ttol-
6 elo-dai, ha p.7jK€TL Sey to^top ^vXaTTea-Qai, dXkd axoXr)
V rjfilp 701)5 (jyCkov? ed iroielp." Taxrrd he ^-q koX tov^
oKkovs Xefat.
Notes.— 1. irp6s raCra : in view of this, thereupon. — rols iropoCo-iv • to
those present ^lS7,l^ audi). -a. raixd : i.e. rd avrd. -^^y^: /...Clearchus,
when the trial was over.
WoPj act
UPOLT), el
-^
, TOVTOV
iOiXere
t9 avTco
)^oXaift>9
es him.
'. If he
He beat
3 to my
— ^ to be
rapa ifxe.
» \
J^ avrjp
'pMTO^iy
■■ eXefe
OP TTOL-
(T)(oXr)
Lt rou?
Oo-iv : to
iarchus,
lESSON LVIII.
Conditional Relative Sentences.
to.KUt.on.l force, ond ,s allied a coiKlitional relative elause
11. s eondumnal relative clau«e elands i„ the relat on o a
l-rotas. to the antecedent clause, which i« its a; ol It^
negative is always ^Lr\. H'^uoms. its
533. Review 304,'30o; 30fl, 307^ 316, 317, 363, 364; 523, 624, 525.
533 A conditional relative sentence differs from a con-
di lonal sentence not in force, but only in form. Jt snijitn es
for the ordinary conditional particle .1, ./, a relative pronoun
adverb, but with the added idea of the pei«on, thing, t m
place, or manner, contained in the relative.
/ should be doing whatever he wished. '^fi<^TTov av,
he lil^ "" ^"'^''"' ^= "" " ''''"^'™" 3>7) '"^^-^ ' "■'■« <io .hu,e.er
eJ^heZ!:^''' ^= " " ""■'''■'"• ^"'^> '^''«""« -• ' """"" "" «"'"-
5. 5 T. S. ^„A,T,„. (=«. r. /J„A,ra,, 524) .parr., / („/„■„,,,> „„
r.ha>e.er he w,she. ; S „ ^„^A„.ro (=<r r. ^„A„,r<„ .,01) l^'Z;
(always) did whatever he mkhed. V wparror, /
144
Rf!
I
CONDITIONAL HELATIVE SENTENCES.
S.M. II.. particles ifcos, ifarc, dxpt, K^XPt, «..^^7, follow the
vonHtruction of conditional relatives in both fonns of future
conditions (o:j;3, a and 4), in nnfnUilled conditions (5.a, 23, ,,,,^
in present and past general suppositions (o;j:j, 0).
w.v?/^''i i^•'";^^'^^^P^^' ^'^^'•^' ''>^^^V, is used in the same
5/o/> until 1 bnuf, you home. '
r>3($ irpiv, />./.,,, is followed also by the infinitive (471), but
only when the leading clauye is aflirniative*.
537.
VOCABULARY.
im, conj., as long as, while, until.
Jdfc), tVjo-w, live, he alive.
l&vri, 7;y, i^, belt, girdle. No. 44.
Odvaros, oi;, 6, ciea^/t.
Kaip<is, oO, 6, fitting time, occasion.
Kara-X^w, unloose, Aa/<, (iwsoiue, waite
peace.
KaTa.<)/ti(})C5onai, mid. dep., vote against
fidxofiai, naxoOfiai, ^|iax€<rdntjv, ^^d-
Xtijiai (f/. ndxv), fight, give battle.
iirdrt, rel. adv., when, whenever.
irpoo--Kvv^«, irpo<r-KvvVi(rw, irpoo-.cKvvTj-
o-o (c/. fcux/efw, kiss), make obeisance
to, salute.
irpoc-TdTTtt, assign, give orders to.
\l\6%, oD, 6, fodder, forage.
538. - 1. „f,os fiXo, eVrl^ 6 Kvpo, ^ aV .^^05 g^ 2.- oVov
b. Tovrov, Tov, ,TTa0p.oh ndw u-aKooi,, eVon..;„.,.„ A_.'_.
V ^po, v8o,p fioUXocuTo ,V«. ^ nph, xiXoV. 7^ oi;« aV' ,rp'o7
)llo\v the
•f future
, 2), and
he Hame
inplies a
/ icill not
t71), but
Jc battle,
ever.
0<r-«KVVT|-
obeisance
rs to.
'• OTTOV
5. €yoj
irpocr-
coNmrw^AL liKLA-nvt: i^entksves. 145
80.. .„u, /^«. i.o^<„p,.„v.. K, „, ;„^„,.^^^ ; '^^
r,;«». 1- We vvili trust the gui.letlatCyms. sends. 2 Aiid
.n eon„.^y w,th^ you I .hall be i„ l,,.,^,, ,:,,„,,,'; ^^^
4. J.et there be a truce until I leturn. 5. VVe shoul.l f...„.
UHe the boats that you n.ight sen.l u«. "" ""
nM to the case of its antecedent (SL'S) 1 '■i^,, „! ■,; "'"T '^ ""'""
«.; a ,.,.ep„,itio„ i„c>„„e,i i„ a c„,n„ou,„. vl ^ r.'' " nt "^f'
.ollows ve...,s si,„if,i„, . ,„,,, ,„„ „/(,,,,^. _ , ,.; J;;)- - J •-_^«™u,ve
^*^^' Orontas is led away.
e?,yo. avro. oc, npo.rerdx0v, xal oi np6<T0eu npocr-
Kvvovur., ar,ro. .al (even) roV. .pocre.^.r,.a., .aijpi^l
^^<rvxev, crxrinrovxov .t<.roC rS Kipa, oVo,, ^.ri raCra
o.6e^^.pt at,rov r,.ov.. o.i8a',. etVa^o. 8^ a'XXot aXXo.,
77, weutrt, uuc 111 4 cTTi Uavarov, to exerutinn 1 ^-/
«*^»,/, stveugthening t„e following .o..eul^ partSp n^ .«:'"" '
146
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
LESSON LIX.
Comparison of Adjectives.
541. Most adjectives add rcpos to the stem to form the
comparative, and xaTos to form the superlative.
^•'>S"'IVK. COMPAKATIVK. SUl'KRLATIVK.
Triaros (Tnaro), faithful 7na-T6-Tepo^ Trto-To-raTos
7ro\/.f.io<: (TToAe/xto), /,o.«///e TroAc/xioi-repos TroAc/xioi-Turos
da<f>aXris (dac^aAca), safe da<f>aX4a-Tepos da^aAcV-raros
642. When the penult of stem* in o is long by nature, or the vowel
of the penult is followed by two consonants, the stem remains unchanged;
otherwise o is lengthened to «. For the declension, see 750.
643. Some adjectives, chiefly in us and pes, are compared
by changing these endings to i<av and icttos.
POSrnVK. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.
V8v^, sweet ^8-t<ov rJS-to-ros
ulcrxp6<, shameful al(Tx-Uv atirx-KTTO^
644. Learn the declension of T|8ia)V in 7.52.
646. Adjectives of the comparative degree take the genitive.
Thus, o^Tot KaKtov^^ dcrc Tiov dXXiov, these are greater cowards than the
others.
646. Adjectives in the superlative may be followed by the
partitive genitive.
Thus, TTifiiru ra>v ireXraaTwv roi,^ layvpoTaTov^. hn sevd'^ *}>- of^^^^^^-
of the light infantry. ^
9.
orni the
IVE.
ITOq
ttTOS
he vowel
changed ;
mpared
Jiiitive.
than the
by the
?/*<y^oi £3 Ant
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. I47
548.
al<nCP<is, d, 6;., shameful, disgraceful
BaPvXJiv, wws, ^, Babylon.
Pfos, 01/, 6, Z(/e,
VOCABULARY.
<rK€vo<()dpos, 0^, hagcjage-carrying; <tk€vo-
<p6pa as noun,pac^-awmaZs, baggage-
train.
7«va,, Yci5«r«, cVv<ra, y4y,vi,ai, give a ravvs eia ^ ^r/" . ' . • ,
taste: mid.. ^a.s-/.. »XVS, e.a, . (cf ra^a), ^mc^-, ,^,^/^.
taste; mid., tosile.
i^<r«s, adv., per/mps.
KiXiKfa, a?, ^ (c/. K/Xtf), Ci7icm.
irXafcriov, 01;, t6, square, of troops
XPOvos, 01/, 0, ^ime, season, periotZ,
TfXcVTd.., T.X,VTyi,r«), «T<\,«T,TO, T.-
TA.(lT,,„a, 4T.XivT<i9,,v (c/ rrteurO,
(ii-mw (0 an end, end one's life, die.
T«X<uTVi, «t, « (</. rAoO, end.
X^W ,8,0.0, o.W^ ,^,.„^„.. 5. W.o„, ^^„1 o^t
Trapa ^aanku ovtcov. 11. To-wc o,^. «'^^ \ '
H8
COMPAltlSON OF ADJMVTIVES.
5B0. 1. V\m road is narrower. 2. All were most faithful
to the lung. 3. Now we will proceed by a longer road.
4. Ihe satrap was a very unjust man. 5. Of all the Persians
l-yrus was most able to benelit his friends.
Notes. > Genitive of the time within which (854). _ ^ xi,e ™nitive
follows veri« .,,,„iryi,„. ,„ ta.t. (840). _« .w.,,,^ accusative (88.5 Z
the ^shnrtest roaU 'AU.cHual .accusative, >,,//,._ 5 .<„,™^,VoL , i^
Wa, ,.u,le,.»too,l, the .sul.jcct of ™p.„Wfc._.,„ ,„/ (%,„W0 ^
greater security. ^ kju.uiuhj, m
^^^' Advance. Midnight Review.
racTLv noLelrai r^v 'E}Xy^vcov koX rQ>v Bap^dpcop iv r<2
7TeSCa> nepl f^ead, v^Kra, • e'SoWt ydp rfj av>to^ ^^eip
6 PacLkea crvp tco arparevfMarL ixaxo^ixevov. Kal iKiXeve
Kkeapxop fih rod SeftoD Kdpco<s vyelcreaL, McVo^m 8^ rod
€{,copi^p,ov, a{rrb? 8^ roi^g iavrod SteVafe. /.era 8^ r,)^
i^eracTLv a>a r^ ^/.6>a ^Vo^reg avrSfMoXoL napd fxeydkov
NoTE8._4. «6Ka: y^g /Aou^^^ _ xfj aCp.ov : sc. ^f,4pa (811), the next
4954 TlTJ' r 7'''- 'f''' ^"^^^^^^'^' -pressing ;,..;...
the lelt of the entire Greek force.-8. ^^^^p^ : the dative follows «>« (SU4)
I
■I
11
No. 40. f/0or.
Hi
:y
faithful
ir I'o-dd.
i^ersiaiis
genitive
(885), by
us limits
tion), in
OS efe-
KeXeve
Se Tov
>e TTjV
yoKov
arta?.
lulirect
imrpoae
'ov) on
(SU4),
PRESENT SYSTEM OF VERBS. I49
LESSON LX.
Present System of Verbs. Indirect Discourse.
by m...^.. It will now be developed by Tense Systems.
553. The following tense systems liave been presented •
2. F..ur. system including the future active and middle. Ter.se suflix
- A, tense sten. A.cro/,. Thus, A^.., AW/.at. Cy: 1:50 17^'""^'^
3. /'„•., aori,t system, including the first aorist active and n.iddlo
I-se su,hx .„, tense sten. AvVa. Thus, l-A.Va, e.A.Vc£;; ,y HS,-
pl«tA.A.;"\^.:^l:^ -W (first
tense stem AeAu (future perfect AeAuo-"/ ^ Tl.n« :k.':k • x w '^'
AeAvVo-/.ai. C/:i85, 18G. '''''"^ A> ^J'"^ AeAv-/.ai, e-AeAi;./.^,,
Tel ^;];!x TlJt "' ^'t"^r.*'' '"* ^^'-'^^ ^"^ «-^ ^"^-- P-slve.
lense sufhx ffc, lengthened to Or, in the indicative (first future nassivp
€-Av6/jy-i/, \vdyao-fMi. Cf. 195, 198. ^ ^ '
hrioflv'/'", *'r r'"'"""'S '«"«' «y«tems have also l,oen
n ay con,sKlere,l, the second aorist («,), second perfect (114
llo), and second passive (107). In the followino- lesson- thp-
will receive fuller treatment. ' "" •*'
ir>o
/•A7';.s7c\v7' srsTh'M OF vianis.
'is
HI
««ft. «'or,juK.U,> ll„. |„,.«.„(, nysU;u „( \U in 7(ir,, ,,ivi„j; (|,„
'«- » M. ,„..l,.,, ,,„„„. a,- ,.„/„„„M, ,i,.,st i,. ,,„. ...iv.., aL i„
tlio ini(i<||(> jiikI [.jis.sivc.
nr.«. Tlu. Synopsis <.f any systo.n of m, v,mI, ..onsisls „f (h,
^-•st .>nu n. ond. tvnso in each n.oo.l of (i..,,, syst.n,, u.ntn.M.l
Hccordinsr j,, voices. ^'him^mi
Thu^ Mu« synopsis on ho prosonl, spl.,,. of A.5o. in M„. adiv. is Xtf.
JfXD^
<iiv.' llu« Nyuopsis of (,|,o pivscMit svmI.m.. of Ai5
l)assiv(v
'*•> in lli« middle jiiid
557. A ,hn;i quotation ,„■ ,,„„,stio,, gives tl,o ox,u.(, woi.ls
"I tlio o,,s,„al s,uM,k,.r .„• writer. 1„ „n Mhurl .|,.ol.,.lo„ or
.l"os„o„ tl.,. ori,^n„„l «„nl,s ,.„nl„r,„ to (l,o ronstruclio,, of tl„.
si'iKi'iico III wliicli tlii'y ai-o (iiiotwl.
nnH. In.liroi't .|.io(a(io,i.s may 1„, i„ti„,|,„.,Mi In 8ti or <bs
':";, "'"' :''7'« voil., or l,v tl,.. inlinitivo , y, „o„,ctiii.es
i)> tho pari ic I pie.
«r..». Iiuliro,., ,/„,.,,;„„., follow tlio .same j,ri.i,.i,,l...s ,us i,i,Ii,,.ct
qiiolatioiis will, 8ti aii.l .bs, in rosar.l to tl.oir iiiooiIh ami teiisos.
n<M>. 1 . Ypd<t.«) iTTiaToXfiv, / am vril!,,,/ a h-tta- : Uyn 8ti
(or^<i,s) Yp4<t>" 4iriaToXiiv, /„• ,„,,/, tl,„l. he U writw., a /rtlrr.
-2^ Tl povWe. ; ,r/,„l do ,,„m wa„t ? 4p«,T^ t( (or 8 ti) Bov-
Ato-Bt, /)<■ luhs ir/hit i/oii want.
(
I" ll.o«. ,.x,„„|,l,.s „ ,;„,|,1,. „,.„|,„„,v i» ,,,„„,„,| ,■„,,,■,,,.,/„. Tl.iK i,n„lv,.,
" '■'"■ "-' «-"Pl.' u ,.|,„n,,,. ,„.,..,„„ ,„■ „,„ ,„,,, ,„. „,„ " ,
... ""■.... or not ..,,„.,„ls on ,1„. ,i ,„ i„ ,,;,„,,,,. ,, „;,,^,^,^, ^
of III
VUKSKNT SYsriat OF vmiis.
151
r»<n.
VOCAIIIJLAKY.
Acr+aXws ((;/'. d(f./>aX//s), adv .v*////;/ -« /» . , .
S'X"!'"', 8<{«C«', «.£AfLi,v, 6«.Yn«i,
irnin; iitlniit.
f/'7/;(r.
Tp/4.», »p<+„, jep,^a, Trtpa,.|»ai, (rpA-
<|><iv anil Mp<,),9,„, „,„,„■,■,//, s,,,,,,„r/,
tuninfuin.
/«(,»(,«,/««,.,.,„.,.,,„:„„,/„.,,,,. must .,v o„y/U.
J":n:::::::-Jriz;' "" ' "'■'-' " - » -> ^
au <.u™ <r„Ucye™c .aJ rpeV^.ac air." ™ ,.r,,cir.„^a. 5. „;
no^rac, c.' «ara y,". ^^^ nopcv^crOau S. ac.0,/,0,. ueWot
^ouXerac ^.r avr,2. rr,. nopdd. noulaOac, .opiCco. ou'™,
o.^.<^a re a<r,^„Xo>, «a2 ,1 ^^^,^0a. Se'o. .„Xc5, ^.a^o^^k.
152
PitBSBxr srsTnu of vehbs.
.nlf ^'^ ^' ^^"'" "™ <"''""'ti"g the Greeks not to flee 2 Hp
alls h.s s„l,l,e.s together to consult, about the jo. „,"
3. He onlei-s the exiles to take the field vviti, (/ ^'
4. I'ut" tliis fellow out of tl,e w.v r/ , "' ,'^''-''"'<^'"'«-
Meuon's soUliers was splitting wZ.' " ''" ''''' '"''* '•"^ °^
For the dative t ,^;. f'",,f^'•'''"^ "■'"«/- '-«'^^
vvv. — 6 Imperative 7 ,' , ,; 'roTa/xos Stu^ar^? ey^Vcro «' ah
« U.e the .ui ::« ;- ;';*;;:..'■'''■"' "-V"'« '-"■■«- auestio,,.!!
Use the subjunctive in a final clause. -» Use the
jsent.
564.
Council of War. Speech of Cyrus.
Ta>. EXA^..^ crvue^ovXevero re n^, aV r^. uavr,. ^2 '
ro..o .,o. U^o. .We oS. „V8,« a^oc 4 e' W pS
K0TEs._2. 4v«»tTo: the ;>mon changes. C/-30n 1 q
verbs signifying »„, take fhe ^J^~'- "-."'"'T ^"'"''''"' ^
expresses cau,,. (495, 2). S„ .0^,^. in the n„x tlii^e "' 1 '" ''"'■'"''''"
accusative iilnral masculine „f • - , ~ ^- "O'vov, .• Srai-^r,
^^ -.0 ... !.esu,nes r^ I' tz:^::^: zt"'-' "^ ^^"*°'- -
imperative iX.vQtpia^ • fl,. .... -f f ^^''' '''" ''^ ^''''•*' ««^^«"/.— 0. .Vt«:
.-itive of .... ^^:^r S^;:-T'^'-^ - «^-^^ -%, is the
relative is assuni,,e, to the'cL'f ^ZZ^:^!^^ ^"""- ''^^
ol cau.. (851) with ciS«,^onta>. '" ^''^'''"^'''^ (^-^)- - ^^ = genitive
in
fin
ini<
(50
verl
suit
FUTUIiE ANIJ FIRST AOlilST SYSTEMS OF VERBS. 153
No. 41. \byxri'
LESSON LXI.
Future and First Aorist Systems of Vowel and Mute Verbs.
Indirect Discourse.
665. Keview 503, 2 and 3, 274, and 90.
r.6«. Conjugate the future and first aorist systems of \U
. in 760 and 7G7, giving the moods in order, down the columns,
hrst in the active, then in the middle.
Give the synopsis of the future sy.stem of Ado, in the active, 'in the
imddle, of the first aorist system of Xi. in the active, in the middle.
507. Review 560, 1 and 2.
(50), and there .s no change in either the mood or the ten.e of the quoted
..f^j' /; *'''^"' *" ^"^ ^^^ '"'^"^"^ ^"^ Wi*") i^^oX^v. he
saia that he was writing a letter.
154
PUTUUJS AND FllMT AOItlST SYSTJiMS OF VERBS.
i
is in a 8eco,„lary tense (30). ' ™' ■"" "'" 1"-"">'I«1 clause
0<M> After a primary tense, an indicative (witliout Hv) in
.nd,rec quotations after Srt and 6s, and in indirect Jl^
retoins both .ts mood and it« tense. After a seconda.y te, e it
|. e,ther changed to the same tense of the optative o/^ned
m the original mood and tense.
2. \i^,i, Sti (or <i,s) o5t«,s &v tjiv cmaroXiiv SvpaJ/e, A. sav,
that zn that ease he should have written the letter.
3 «X«|.v in (or .5s) oSTa,s av t^ 4iri<rToXV ?YPaJ,., /,. «y
Mai w that case he should have written the letter.
S71. 1. Sp- ^iriaroXV av ypd+cias ; would ,,ou write a letter ?
primary or secondary. " " follows is
or optative with av. in indirect quotations with Sxt or »s and
m indirect qnestions, retains both it. mood and iJT JT/
(Wirn av). ~' •""
^£1
F^muj.^ ANn nusT aouist systems of verbs. 155
I
673.
8ta-Tpf^«, rub through, consume, waste
time, delay.
«vea (c/. iv)^ adv.: of place, where,
there, here; of time, then, thereupon.
Rv, cfpyao-^ai {cf. Hpyov), zoork, do,
inflict on.
ed,rT« (ra0), Od^,*,, gOa^a, WOa^j^ai,
^Td4>tiv, 6Mry.
ktjpiJttco {kvpvk), Ki,ptJ|«, ^K^pvga, «k^.
pvxa, KCK^pvY^ai, lKT,ptJx0T,v (c/. «^-
P«'f), proclaim, make proclamation.
VOCABULARY.
Kpvirr*, (.pu0), Kpii^«, gKpv+a, K^Kpv^-
Hat, <Kpi)4,er,v, hide, conceal, keep
secret.
Kwji^TTjs, ov, b {cf. ^ci/x,), m7%er.
oKkoi (./•. otV^a), adv., aUo;«e; oi orm,
</w5e a< Aome, one's countrymen.
See 23.
TcXcvratos, a, ov {cf. reXe.r^), ;«««; ^i
TsXevTam, the rear guard.
TptP«, Tp^«, 2rp4a, Wrpt,j,a, Wrpi^,.
Ktti, ^Tpfpijv and ^Tpt«J>eT,v, r«6.
Xi-wv, 6vos, 7), snow.
yap Kv/)os r,f«^ (Sao-iXeii crw tcS o-r„„™' !
156 FUTURE AND Ft, 1ST AORIST SYSTEMS OF VERBS.
575. 1. Orontas, thinking that the horsenion were reiMlv
wrote a letter to the king. 2. J «aid .„.r. »-,. „ad ma<J
fair lmj,e.s of victory. 3. II,, orderH thein I. see« what the
I'm.hance i« 4. He eolleetecl an arn.y by mean.s of^ this
monkey, o. I he satraj, said t}.at (^yrus had plotted against tlie
O*
Cf. «„A,.v .xov<r.. -» Cf. r„S->, L>.-< Future optative of .,V._M)n,.
of the two object, of iv «Vy,i.a.ro (saO). _ « U»e <,«W„^, J^ ,,, ,„ „
\n
676. "You need not fear the Coming Struggle, and Success will
bring Reward."
€n,pxo„raL- av S^ raCra ivd,Txn<T0e, tA. dKKa a'^x^-'otiai
oiot r,p.,u oi iv ry x'^P't "O"'" ivdpwTTOi. ikv 8^ iaet^
o«a86 povU^ivov dnekedv 4,\a,7i^ ^otv'o-c rots or^oi,
7roX\ov5 8^ oT/iat pov^cr€cr0ai Trap' ip.ol p^'uuv."
JfoTKs. 1. .tsoto.. . . dirflva: ;„,„ u.7,a( sort of slrm/gk you are noma,
.Kl.n.t q„..t.ou ,„t,oduced by the relative „to,, .^^,Z, ^ Latiu ,^,.1'
y. o.« ,,, l„,e 4.-2. Kpavyii: dative of m„»»c.r (860). - 3. raCra . ;<. '
of a..<xa,, *oW „;,, ,„.d. «,rf„rc.. - rd UXa : accusative of .fccificaiion (834),
«» on else I ar. o^lomea (,o Mnk) ,r,.„c .,„« „/ „,,„ ,„, „,l J[
^.i five tt->, 7 /'!"■■'•- 'I*! V'' f""^^-'-- «■'»«-• "Z^- (partitive
geu.tn e, 84.-) ,,/,«« „.„./,. For o fiovX6f,.yo,, see 487, 3 aud 4. - «. L„riv •
an object of envy. ^ j/^wtov ,
1
cor
I
//
UlKUULAlt (J0MI>AR1S0N OF ALJECTIVEH.
167
No. 42. Ancient Pe
rsians.
I.e.
LESSON LXII.
Irregulai Comparison of Adjectives.
577. The following are the ni<,st
compuiison :
p<i irrvK.
1. aya66<i, good
important cases of irregular
2. KUKo^, bad (543)
3. KaAo\ beautiful
4. fi€ya<i, great
5. fUKpoq, small
6. oAtyo5, (■ittlCf -plxxv.few
7. TToAv?, much, plur. many
8- pa'Sios, easy
COMPARATIVE.
8UPERL TIVK.
d/JL€lVU)V
o \ y
a/oiaros
/acArtcoi/
/Sc'Aticttos
KptLTTUiV
KparnTTos
\(.Lp<av
Xt4piO-TO?
^/cio-T (adverb)
Ka A At 0)1/
/caAAtfrro?
/icyio-ros
/icttoi/
eAaTToiV
eAdyjcTToc
TrAct'toj/ or ttAcwv
71 rros
patDV
iatttrroc
ir>8
IlilihUn'I.Ali COMI'AUiso!^ OF
Mui'jrnvKs.
57H.
VOCAHULAkV.
I
dXXdTT« (,l\\a>), AX\A|«, <iXXa|a,
^XXoxo, fjXXoYnoi, TJXXdxOrjv and
dv-rf)(», /*«»/(/ »/,.• ini.l., Hiand Jim,
(il/iiiust, rndiin'.
ACi6«, dliulo-w, r/c. (,;/•. d(;,.K), tflhdjlt,
itiriii in',>i>tr, rlaim, demand.
dir-aXXdrrw, r/iam/c i\0\ nhnfulo,,, rid
omstifof; mi.l., dt'iutrt, ijn iiHuiy.
Sia-T«X^a>, jiniiift, <'t>ini>l(ie.
dVi, coiij., >rA»'».
iroi8«««, iroi6«wo-«, /Yr. (,•/. rarv), /nij»j,
vduciUc.
^tTTTU. (,W0), ^l+„, Jppi^a, J[ppi4,o, Jp.
plH»*ai, Jpp(<|>eT]v ami ^pp(i|.Tjv, f/,ww^
hiirl^ nittt (tuidf.
o-K«uo4)oprf«, <rK«uo4>op/i<r« ('/. a^tvo^,6•
trrp4^w, <rTprf,j,«, J((rTp,4,a, «o-Tpo«f)a,
««rTpof4fAai,4aTpd«f>T|v ami <<rTp^,|>eijv,
fitrn, tirisf; \iHriim.,(.uni,/arv nftnuf..
T«X<«, T^Xa, <WX«<ro, T«WX.Ka, t«tA«-
<r|Aoi, ^rt\^a■9r]v (cf. H\os), jinifi/,^
/'((fit.
TiTTopdKOVTO {('/. Hrrafm), ind.rl.,
Tavra au^x^.rOa, ,* a;ra\\a'^c,r^yau 5. ol S^ ;r\a,rroc
-cat ^.. ror, aWow nac<rl ;raV™." W^„^ ^^c^ncrro;
inntuuiLAu iioMrAiiiHON uf aiuikhtivks.
II-
Ppl«|>o, i(p.
•tjv, tlir(tu\
lo-Tpo^a,
an: nhoitt.
TO 9 Se
^ iari
ctcrrot
fWTOL
crrpa-
UcrTOL
I \
fl€P
tcrro?
lAO
rtHO. 1. I-
<»!• il, is iiiiii'li «')iMi(M* I
Im' wmlli i„,„„r. if ^y„ hIkhiM I
«>
K<) uvvuy. li. VVo hIioiiM
vmy many" wiM u,sh(
I
:iv(! our iirriiM. JJ. '|'|„,,.
"t '" ^''•' i'l'^i". I. K, is |„,s|, I
V wr.ii)
.. I . . J •• •" 1"^ ocsi, mr MM to
■"; ?""';:'' " ' "' "- i'-'i»fi",. r,. K,,,. „„ „,„ „„„ „,. „
ix'hU-M, l',„»mi,H uh. ,.,l,„.,.l,..l „|, (|„, |ii„^,-„ „„„.,^
K.M.iMvo will. K,.irurrov fH "m 4 A • "'"7 '""'"' '"'""-' " '''"""-
.vpirurTos («l.)._4 ^,.,,„„„,,^^, P
^' ' '"'■ '"11— «..« (sr,;i,. . - s,„„.,-:,.,iv„ (517)! ^'
'"''*'• Objection of G.iilite..
Kvpo, ^^ S,^ ra^ha „a,,f,.u rot. ,rr,>ar,y,H, .al
Xoxayo... ,'„„Xf„,, 8^ ,„,,„V ,/,„y^, ^<-^„^_ ^,^^.^ g,
moc 8e^.,u Xey,„„„. ,Tr. oiS' ,i ^o„'Xou, old, r aV dr,,
,> //m/ 1 . 7/ . *'^""~ t*«f*v/io-.cTeai : fhaf you will not rr.mi'mher
. o«8 .1 . . . ol6, r &v .t,. : not even if yon skoul4 wisk, ,„oul,l yon Ue nl.le.
No. 43. War Ship
160 FUTURE ANU FIRST AORIST
SYSTEMS OF VERBS.
i
LESSON LXIII.
Future and First Aorist Systems of Liquid Verbs. Interrogative
Subjunctive. Indirect Discourse.
r>32. VeAs whose stems end in a liquid (X p, v p) are called
liquid verbs (273).
58?, Conjugate the future system of <|>aivo), show, in 771.
Give its synopsis in the active ; in the middle.
584. The future of liquid verbs is formed by adding the tense suffix
eVe, instead of .o/e (553, 2) to the stem; c is contracted with thTfo Iw
mg vowel, as in the present of Tro.e'o, (782) Thus u.Vo r. . T
585. Conjugate the first aorist system of <t,aiva>, sho2b, in 772,
Give its synopsis in the active ; in the middle.
snffi?^* J^'\ "If "7\'' '^'*'^ "^ ^^^"^^ ^^'^^ ^^^^«*'^ - °^ th« tense
uffix .a_(oo3, 3) and lengthens the stem vowel in compensation, a to ,
(but to a after . or p), . to «, t to l, v to v. Thus, </,a.W (<^..), show
587. 1. Ti' irp^lo) (aorist subjunctive) ; what ^haU I do ?
2. Tov avSpa diroKT^ivcojicv ; s/^^?^ «^6 jt^i^i^ M^^ m^/i to death?
3. ji^ Tr€>Tr(oji€v Toi»s TrcXrao-T^s ; ./m^/ ..;. not send the
peltasts f
Each of these sentences is interrogative ; its principal verb is in the
fir... ppr.son of the subjunctive ; if negative, it takes ^\
3S.
ogative
i called
771.
e suffix
follow,
remain,
in 772.
J tense
O to T|
), show,
?
ith?
i the
in the
FUTVBE AND FIRST AORIST STSTBUS OF VEBBS. 161
S88. The first pei-son of the subjunctive may be used in
wnai ne is to do. The negative is jai].
junctive may become optati" ' ' '"' ' "'^"'"'^ ^^"«^' *^^ -^■
690. After a primary tense, an interrogative subiunctive
when mdireetly quoted, retains both its mool and tens ^
a secondary tense, it is either changed te the same tens ot th
optative or retained in the same tense of the subjunctive.
591.
&yyiK\,o (dyyeX), dvYeXfi, ^j^veiXa,
"l7Y«^-Ka, TiYY€X^iai, r^yyiKBriv {cf.
dyyeXos), announce, report.
atr-ayyiKXia, bring back word, report
diro-Kpfvo^ai, mid. dep., give a deci-
sion, answer.
diro-KT€Cv«, kill off, put to death.
&iro.<f)a(va), show forth; mid., show
one's oion, declare, express.
P<iXXa, i^aX), PaX<3, gpaXov, P^pXrjKa,
^^PXT,^lOl, ipX^eTjv, throw, throw at,
hit with stones, stone.
7v<iH-T), vi, fi, opinion, plan. Judgment.
^K-PdXX», throw out, expel.
Kacil (ifnti\ »«.'. «„- «
V — /, ^^vvw.-, tKttvaro, KCKavKa,
K^Kavfiae., iKavQuv, bum.
VOCABULARY.
KptvO) (Kptv), Kpiv«, gKplva, KiKpiKa,
K^Kpinoi, iKpWtjv, divide, distinguish,
decide, judge.
KT€£v« {kt€p), kt€v», Iktcivu, iKTOVa,
stai/, wait for, last.
T<JT€pov ...<}, whether ...or, in an
alternative question (both direct
and indirect); also, in an indirect
question, cl . . . ^, whether ...or.
<|»a(v« (0a.), ^av&, |<|,T,va, u^^^a^Ka
and 7r^,j)T,va, ir^«|)ao-|iai, ^<j)dveT,v and
4<j)dvt,v (c/. <pai>ep6i), bring to light.
Show; mid. and pass., show oneself,
appear.
, I
162 FUTUim AND FIHST A0IU8T STSTmS OF VEltHS.
592. 1. norepop ravra dirayyeXa ij /.e^Te; 2. cri) 8^
o. a\W EX\,^e9 inoKp^volvro. 4. a^opoG/.,., eJ «a«'o-a>ue^
6 e«^a\«. 6. e^ou\£v'o^o « rois aVS/>as icrct'ma^,' a«'.''
7. o„ /.e,<rot Ta^i) dyy.\5, <i\U S^ar/D^^co. 8. k«1 KXeapvo?
/.oi^ o„aa? ^/.r^ ^a^,r^„,. lo. kC^o^ S- a^^p^aro 5n
a«o™t TO,, aarpa^,, .V2 t^ Ei,^pc[rj, ^ora^al .Ti^ac 11.6
6 e^oyXeuVo d ^ivoL^p ^ ^op«W,-ro eVl tSs (t^^^^j.
1^. 7ra«r«,. ,^ao-l rhv aV^pa„ro^ roCro.. «al ^SaWv, ikv ai,
TTopevrjTat.
593 1. The gods will show us the way. 2. There Cyrus
put a Persian to death. 3. He was considering what answer
to make. 4. They were at a loss whether or not to show
themselves.4 5. There they remained a week and collected
supplies for their journey.
Notes. -i.om. . . . others (81 r,).--^ The originul ^^uestion was, rr6rcpov
rov, „,8^,, KraVa.^e.^;.^;_.3He .^id to himself, r.' d,ro./,f,.^a. ,• --
i hey said to themselves, irorepov <f>r)v<afi€Oa ^ /xrj ;
H
FORMATION AND COMPARISON OF ADVERBS. 163
"®*' Answer of Cyrus.
d«ro«'o-as Tavra tov ravXirov IXefe^ 5 RCpos • " 'AXV
,^^<^^Ppviu i^^xpc oS S.a Kav^a oix old r' e'crlu o.V«^
avffpa^woi, npo^ ^ dpKrou p.^xp'- oS Sti ;^ct/*5m ■ ri, S'
6 ^upea-a, To^o>^ ^„Wa .rarpanevovcrcy oi roO aSeX-^oC
ILrs'n I ^■■•J.;»d a genitive of the ^r»on I.eard fro,,, as the
Z if^U ~. ; r ""','""'"*• "■* ^'"'' 2-<>''=' ^ dative of ai.an-
<a.,/. (861)._3 i^^ppcs,, uteraily, „Wrfmy (^^.ro, + WpJ) ;, ,;„
r tiTti™"'.' ""■H '" -■■'"'■^' 'r'*"' ^'""••">' '■- '» '^" p"^'" *-. ne t;
LESSON LXIV.
Formation and Comparison of Adverbs.
595. Most adverbs are formed front adjectives and end
HI (OS. llius ;
i51
ADJECTIVE.
STEM.
GENITIVE PLURAL.
ADVEHB.
SlKaiO
KUKO
a(rdia\f(r
OIKULWV
KaKdv
OtKttt'oJS
^Svs, pleasant
ySv
Tjoeujv
utr^oiAaJs
r/Se<os
pi.
164 FOUMA riON ANL C0MPAB180N OF ADVERBS.
of the genij:; prJaTneur'. *'""" '^ '•'■'«'''''"=''■ ='"<' "^ '"« -»"
anX'cti^l^V''"";'; '''""'""' '"'^'"'"' °^ "'« comparative of
and C . "' ''""•P^'-^tive of the eorresponcHng adverb
and ^48los, easy (577, 8). ^^««^(/^^^ (o/7, J), ,rpo^v/.os, m^er,
598.
dvbpstos, a, 0. (c/. d^i^p), manly, brave.
dvSpeCtts (c/. d.5^e?os), adv., bravely.
PapPapiKtSs i'^f.^ap^apiKSs), adv., in ifAe
barbarian tongue, e.g. in Persian.
8i-dY«, of time, pass, live, continue.
•EXXt,viK«s (c/. 'E\\r)ucK6s), adv., m
€v8aiH.<}v«s {cf. €vdalfjict>), happily.
lo-xvpm (cf. laxvpbs), adv., strongly,
vehemently, with severity.
VOCABULARY.
Kiv8iJv€ii«, Kiv8Uv€i5o-«, etc. {cf. KlvSvvos),
he in peril, run a risk, encounter
danger.
'rroviu,, TTOv^o-w, etc. (cf. yr6uos), toil,
labor, undergo hardship.
irdvos, ov, 6, toil, labor, hardship.
irpoedptas (cf irpddvfios), adv., eagerhj.
XaXaralvio (xaXevap), xaXcirovw, ^xo-
X^irt,va, IxaXcTrdverjv (cf xa\67r6s),
be severe or violent, be angry.
^-M^r*/-
FORMATION AND COMPARISON OF ADVERBS. 165
6 oi'^'^PW ' J ^- , t^T^/^artwrwi^ vno Kvpov.
0. 0. 8 EU,.« a<r,^„Xc.. eWpevWo ro X0..6. rij, ^Jpi,
<rv.^./,are.^an .oXX^ e^yv, eW... 8. .Vr. ^S/., J
o-;^oAata>9 eiropevopTo.
60O 1 Most gladly would I hear the herald's name
2. Clearchus always punished with seyeritv S Tf .*
proceed, let us proceed slowlv 4 w i* , / '"^^ "''''^'
Pnnl.1 cof 1 i' "'^feci SI0WI3.. 4. He asked whether thev
could safely remain in the villflo-P« ^ t^i j- 1 -^
greater hardships^ than theliTthetSZ.'^''' ""' ""''^^^•'
x- ^y. 0/ J, .:/. _ 3 /oj/ „if)j,g (ttAcov).
He promises Great Rewards.
NoTEa -_ IS U* i■
/ , v; " ■'" ' /■ ^"" «'io.]Uiietive after a verb of fenn'nn n'\4.\ a r'
^ e^t// rrwe, future of 8t'8a,m —7 o-Ar^ „ • ^y^'^'".n'J-i4).-~4. 8«o-«:
loto/xt. — t . a-4,C(r.v : indirect reflexive (437")
166
SECOND AOltlST SYSTEM.
LESSON LXV.
Second Aorist System, Indirect Discourse.
602. Review 554.
603. The second tenses differ from the corresponding, first
tenses in/.m, but have like meaning, Wlien, however, a verb
has both tenses, they may differ also in meaning. Compar-
atively few verbs have both forms.
604. The second aorist system includes the second aorist
active and middle.
605. Conjugate the second aorist system of Xeiiro), leave, in 773.
Give its synopsis in the active ; in the middle.
a. Note the exceptions to the principle of recessive accent (53), Ac.ov,
sJ^U5^%tV' "I' r"""" Tl'' " '""""' ''y "^-^'"e *■«' tense
A.>r / In a few second aoriste, . of the stem is changed to a. As a
seconda.7 tense, the second aorist has augment, in the indicative it
the inflect on of the imperfect, and in the other moods that of the present.
607. Review 60S and 468, 469. Note, further, under the
rule given m 469, that :
608. Each tense of the infinitive with &v in indirect dis-
course represents the corresponding tense of either indicative
or optative with av.
W "VtT!" "- *r?^'/'-' ->'.«• »« .'/»" r '-"'"^ ""•' ' skouU be in
Honor, i llie onoinaWliniinhf i^ ~>„ ■,,,?. * » j
on
SECOND AOltlST SmrEM.
I
167
609. Of the three common verbs meaning to >ay, —
1 . +W( regularly takes the infinitive in indirect discourse •
tak!s "'rorlr ""'^" ''°"*™""'"'' '"' "' "'" "^'"'^ ™- '* Senerally
«. Note also that 8«<„ takes the infinitive in indirect discourse HI in
rts common n.ean.ng of seem, appear, both when used personal yTdPhe^
r:; i-l^ndiiTdis'::::::^'"' "'"' *"-'■ °' "^■"' "'r'"«"'"™ ^'^^ ^""^
610.
VOCABULARY.
atp^ta {aipe, A), otp^o-«, clXov, fj'priKo,
fipijfioi, Tip^0T]v, «aA;e, sei^e, capture;
mid., take for oneself, choose, prefer,
elect, side with.
diro-evtioTKo), die off, die., be killed, fall
in battle.
ctirov (elw, ip, /Je), ipfl, c^p^j^a, «i:pT,^iai,
€pp^eTjv, say, speak, tell, order.
i\i-irtiTT<a, fall upon,
evTfo-Ko) {0ap), eovovfiai, i'Oavov, Tc'evTjKa
{cf ddpuTos), die; perf., be dead.
ir€'irovea, experience, suffer; c8 iradeTv,
be ivell treated.
irtTTTw (Trer, ttto), ir«<rovnoi, girccrov,
TT^TTTtoKa, /aiZ.
irpo-Tp^X", run forward or a^eaci.
irvvOdvo^ai (ttu^), Tr€vo-O|ioi, ^wvedurjv,
ascertain, find out.
Tp^X« (^pfX, S^ayu), Spa^ov^ai, i'Spa^iov,
8€8pd^T]Ko, 8€8pdfiT]nai, rim.
wvios, d, ov, purchasable; rd w^m,
wares, goods.
exe'rc™ S;?'"'' '"'"^ °' "" "'^ '■"^'-^' '>"*«"- ■» *»« following
^ «n. 1. rot, fiapfidpoc,' eVeVeo-e ro 'EX\,,^t«d^. 2. cTtto^
ort a. ,^„^ot... 3. „rir,r., „i 4,C\oc Xeycrat dnoffau.Xu
/^a^o^c^ot v.c^ K.^ov. 4. e\<o yip rp^rfpa, .Vr. .?X«.»
TO eKuvo^v TT^olo.. 5. KX.apxo, 6ok^ y,u4^0aL iui,p „o\e-
-H
168
SJtJCOND A O HIST SrST£M.
/^«o,. 6. .o^r^a KC^o, in' .>oC «a.<S, naO^lu. 7. .al
o. O.OC npoeSpa^o.. 8. 8pd/.o, eyeVcro row <rrpan<«r„w^
e^c r«, <..^.„,, ol S- iu rri ayopa KaraX.n6vTe. ri. <i..„
e^vyo.. <J. o.ro. .Xeyo. oV. KCpo, re^.^.e. 10. Du£.^
c-^eXy^a,. 11. ,Vei 6 arpar^y^, raDr' i.i0„o, X„fio>.
ro«, ..„.a, a;n/X„.... 12. «„i ,,^J ,„„v.. i.eax.ro ^o.
povK^xjocrOai. •
«.2, i Wit!u„ the nigl,t fear fell also on the Cxreeks.
-. lu« he dul that he .night inspire = all „,en with fear.
A. J he .,«te oi the king ,s said to have fled. 4 Thev s.v
t at all lea; the road and fled., 5. He preferred the fL:i
hliip ot the Persnuis.
NoTKs 1 The dative follows compound verbs (860). ._ 2 For the
- J. or the «e,„t,ve depending on v,^„,, .,ee 8ofl._«U.o the .aorirof
Tap.x«.. -' Aor,st participle, „« „„„„,, left «e ™„rf.^«,. "' "'
«13. Cyrus is confident that the King will fight.
^ ^ap«cWo.ro 8e Ki$/,o. W.r., p.i, ^dx^aOac, dW
arrc^e.. .avrS,u rdrr.aOcu. eV U r^ .acp^ rovra,
KX^apxo, <«Se no,, ipoyra ro. Kipou ■ " Oc'a ydp croc
paxe^<Tffa,„ <o KCp«, rw a8eX,^oV;" " N^ Ai"" e'.Ar7 6
e^os be aSe\.^os, ovk d^aax^l raCr' cyoi \#o^ai."
of!/rTs^^ "^''f'^'".;,'-^- ■" person. _•>. W^v : after the adverb
Cv „^ ; /^T'- ^''''\;;'"' "■"f'*'-™- '« »-"" unexpressed intin.ation
01 L^yiufe, n /nit : uo you think, etc 4 N« A/« . v / r,
in an oath (837). ^ ' ^''' ^'^ ^^"*'' ^««"«ative
NUMERALS.
169
LESSON LXVI.
Numerals.
.Mlveibs m 750. Commit the first . ive in .-i,.! i,.
.nemo,.y, and review the declension of .U ; ".i;
T€TTap€s in 757. ' ^P^''^' '^^i''
^^*^- VOCABULARY.
6pA« (6/,a, /5, 6ir), A'^o,*ai, .l8ov, IdpSKO
and «,ipaKa, l^&pa^iai and i^j^ai,
««|>eriv, see in its widest sense, behold,
airo-W|xv«, CM^ o#, intercept.
€Y-K^4.a\os, ou, 6 (r/. ^60aX^), brain;
of the palm tree, crown, cabbage.
^^•''''^^*^^*' dy, ^ (c/ 67r\/fa,), s^a^e o/
6emfir armed; iu ry i^07r\,al<f, under
arms.
^<re(« (iaet, ^5, 0a7), €"8oHiai, i'4,aY0v,
^8^8oKa, cSyjSco-fiai, ^8^o-eT,v, eat[
live on.
K€<J>o\^, ^s, i], head.
Kp^s, Kpr}T6s, 6, a Cretan.
look, observe, perceive.
i«|.«£\« (d0eX), 64,ci^o-«, «<j,cai,(ra and
«<|.€\ov, «<j,c(XT,Ka, a,«|,«Xfi0^v, owe;
pass., 6e due.
irov, interr. adv., wAere ?
irpoo-.^PXo^ai, come on or up, approach.
Wjtv« (re/.), Tc^ui, mjiov and graHiov,
WT,AT,Ka, WT|iT„Aat, ^T^^erjv, cut.
^^'^ * ^^ 1 > //"'7^> '<^a«' TTpocreKtfaw rjparrva-e •
^o.... 5. 0.V. 8^ ^r,ii;i :r;;ir!r^''T
170
NU ME HALS.
^apacrayya, a«ocrc «„J S.'o inl rhu MaiauSpo. rrorau6u-
ro.ro. ^.ro .Ipo. S.'o nK.Vp.. 7. .al .vf KXe^X". 6
iv c.ra.^„ ,^«.„,. ^f,,'pi, SeVa, «al .'f.Va.rc, .V rri
«a. o.. ,,,, „,8,<,. ^., ^,,„,^ ,^^ ^.^ ^^^ ^ ^^J
(ptAiai' u\of.nf)v. ' '^
No. 45. Darius goes Hunting.
«» 7. 1. The army ,iskc(l Cyrus for four months' pay. 2 He
—a':.."''''' ^';r^ ^"'-'P'- - '- force, a. LL.no.
gtnctl also was there ou board the ships with seven In,n,he,l
^- tit piotceiJcd thence three stajres, fifteen
numehals.
171
Notes. — » \\o a ^„r. * "^
imlicativo of ,Wu) J^«„ «„i : ,• .J "«'••>'■'? 'Ii.! m-ond aorst
i Hi,,,.,,,, r„r.A. .:':'t ;:;::;*•"■ '""•■'™ ''«°"- '■"• ^ >'
«„„,., ,.,.,W„r,>„,„ „^; ,„,;,,■'. ,', '', ""-'"I've „„„„(,,.,„.ti„„
«'«• Numbers of the Opposing Forces.
. rxx - r'^- wa^^d,a 4, fair:
'•' rerra/>.., rp^i^oura ^vp,dho,v ^«aaro9.
i"-r ■*•'■'■"' j-^ a» „.,. «,; ... ,,„„„ ,- , ::^- :;~- ''•-■•-"y.
<. av: moreover. — S. toO • wifl. ^-. - ^°^ * ''^''^'l^^s. —
■ ^°"- with <TTfmT(.vfxaTo<i.
I I* I
No. 46. Attic Ten-Drachma Piece.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
{<
|/^
(/.
1.0
ii
1.25
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|50 "'"^^
M
2.2
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1.4
6"
1.8
1.6
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Sciences
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 372-4503
■^
[V
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o
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I/a
172
FIIiST PERFECT SYSTEM.
LESSON LXVII.
First Perfect System. Indirect Discourse.
619. The first perfect and pluperfect are found in vowel
verbs, in many lingual mute (7) verbs, in many liquid (6) verbs.
620. Review 553, 4.
621. Conjugate the first perfect system of \v<a in 768.
Give its synopsis.
622. Review 274 and 113.
623. Some liquid stems (582) suffer no change before the tense suffix,
as dyye'AAw (dyycA), announce, rjyyi>Ka.
624. Monosyllabic liquid stems change c to a, as o-re'AAo) ((rreA), send,
co-raAKa ; cftOiipu) {<\i6ep), destroy, icfiOapKa.
625. V is dropped in a few liquid stems ; if not dropped, it is changed
to Y nasal, as Kptvco (Kpiv), distinguish, KCKpiKa; rctVo) (rei/), stretch, t^tIku
(324); (f}aiv(ii (<f>av), show, 7rc<^ayKa.
626. Some liquid verb stems suffer transposition and become vowel
stems, as ^dWo) (/3a\), throw, fie/3krjKa (formed on stem f3ka for /8aA);
OvrjcrKU) (Oav), die, TtOvrjKa ; Tifivu) (refx), cut, rirfi-qKa.
027. 1. TovT(g Kvpov €iri(7TpaT€vovTa fi7"y€i\a, I announced
to Mm that Cyrus was 7narchmg against him. (The original
announcement was, a-ol KO/oo? iTriarpaTevei.)
2. iJKOvo-c Ki)pov Iv KiXiki^ Svra, he heard that Cyrus was in
Cilicia. (The report was, Kvpo^ iv KiXiKia iari)
3. 6p(o Ujids ouT(os av Tropi5o|i€vous rd cirixiiScia, I see that
you could in this way procure supplies. (The original statement
was, ovTcos av TTopi^oia-de ra eTriTijSeia.)
n vowel
3) verbs.
8.
ise suffix,
t\), send,
changed
i, TcVaKa
ae vowel
or /8aA);
wunced
)riginal
was in
iee that
tement
FIRST PERFECT SYSTEM.
173
628. With many verbs the participle stands in indirect
discourse, each tense representing the corresponding tense of a
finite mood. Each tense with dv represents the corresponding
tense of either indicative or optative with dv.
Such verbs are chiefly those signifying to see, hear or learn,
perceive, know, he ignorant of, remember, forget, show, appear,
prove, acknowledge, and dyyeXXo), announce.
629.
VOCABULARY.
al<rOdvo|j,ai {alard), olo-0^cro|ioi, xio-Oo-
RV| T[o"®ill*as perceive, learn, ob-
serve.
dva-o-TcXXo), send back, repulse.
ava-Tilvo, stretch up, hold up.
ov(i) (cf. dvd), adv., above, up, up coun-
try.
yi, intensive particle, enclitic and post-
positive, at least, yet, indeed, cer-
tainly, often to be indicated in
English only by emphasis.
yv\i.v'f\s, vToi, 6, light-armed foot-soldier.
8ia-(|>0c(p(i>, destroy utterly, ruin, corrupt.
liri-orrparciicD, march against.
66pvPos, ov, 6, disturbance, uproar.
irXffios, ovs, t6, fulness, extent, number,
multitude.
a-T(Kk<a (o-reX), (ttcXu, co-rciXa, KoToXKai
ctrraXfiai, 4o-tAXt]v, equip, send.
rtlva {rev), t€vw, ereiva, WraKa, rira-
(lai, 4tA0tjv, stretch, exert oneself,
hasten, press on.
^9tlp<a {(peep), 4>ecpw, c<|>ecipa, c(t>OapKa,
c<)>Oap|Aai, c<{>OdpT)v, destroy, lay waste.
Give the original forms of all the indirect quotations in the following
exercise (630).
630. 1. TpiT]p€L<; yJKOve tov CTTpaTTjyop exovra. 2. (rrpa-
TL(OTd<; io-TaXKafxev top ^^^o^ KavcrovTas} 3. ret napa tcdv
EWyjvcov'^ fiao-iXiEL (jyrja-Lu aTrrjyyeXKevaL. 4. navres 8e ol
Trap6vTe<; avaTeroLKaan tol^ X'^^P^^-^ ^- ^OdpKare ttjv
Xfopdv. 6. cVei §€ TOifs ^apfidpov<; iatpajv"^ ol "EXXrjve^s
ovx eauTois im(rTpaTevovTa<;, yja-Orjo-av. 7. eV M'lXtJto) 8e
i
174
FIRST I'EltFBCT SYSTEM.
uovj. 8. rous £,r,rca-s avi<Trd\Kiaoiv ol o,r\rrai. 9. ei olu
oppv v/^a, a>«roV « fiov\evo^,,'^ov,, i\9ocp., aV ^p^, ^/,59.
il). ^TeraKea-au oi rroXi^ioi ttoXX^ n\rj0a' ««! Oop^fio,^ duo,
Trpo, TO opo,. 11. «al &a ye Xoxdyhu Z^PapK&ra,
cvTov, a«o.oA.e.. 12. gV^o^ro roi>5 y„;..^ra. rci, Ka,^.d,
7)07) OLTjpTraKOTa^.
631. 1. His 6 wife has persuaded him. 2. He says that thev
have sent many hght-armed foot-soldiers. 3. I have judged
these men to be in the wrong. 4. For he heard that Cyrus
was dead. 5. I saw that you were suffering harm.
NoTES._i The participle expresses purpose (495, i).-U.e. their answer
ZfTrr 7 """! "^ '^''"'^' ^^ '^^°^ '^ ^'^"^^^- - ' ^-P«rf««t of 6p^a>,
with both syllabic and temporal (G7) augment. - « Dative of manner (866)
— " use the article. ^ ^
632. Not all the King's Troops were in the Battle.
To>v S^ noXefXLcoi. irap^yivovro iv rfj ixaxo ^v^vt^Kovra
fxvpLaSe? Kal ^pfxara Spe7rapr)<l>6pa eKarov Kal rreprrj-
Kopra- 'APpoK6p,d<; 8^ twp TeTrdpcop apx6vTcov cUv icrri-
PW^ rv^ H'dxvs Vf^epais TrcWe, eV ^olvIktjs iXa^vcov.
5 ravra hk ijyyeXXov irpb, Kvpop ol airofioXyjcraPTe, rrapd,
fxeyaXov ^acrtXeo)? Trph rij, /.a^T??, Kal ^era r^ fidxrjv ot
vcTTepov iXyjcl>eriCTau r^p noXefiLcop rairSi ^yyeXXov,
^ax,;. follows wrep^.e (c/. .Vrcpos), which implies comparison (850).
^/.epac. ^evre, ^.^ /;^. space of/we <fays, is the dative of the .le.ree ofdiffL
ence (867). - 5. ol a*ro,oXVavr.s : those .ko had deserted (487, 3 4)
v\eVOfJL€-
et ovv
09 vfiat;.
8(p^ dvo)
apKOTa^
r K(ojjid<;
bat they
judged
t Cyrus
ir answer
of opdu),
ier(866).
r}K0VTa
TrepTTJ-
1 /
^ V(TT€-
avvoiv.
: napa
e battle.
(850).
f differ-
0-
SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM.
175
Mo. 47. Ancient Horse Race.
LESSON LXVIII.
Second Perfect System.
633. The second perfect system includes the second perfect
and second pluperfect active.
^^6^^. Conjugate the second perfect system of XeiVco, leave,
Give its synopsis.
^ o. Note the exceptions to the principle of
Trei/ai, AcAoiTrojs.
recessive accent (53), AcAot-
.nfT : , f '"" ""^ *^' '''^"^ P'^^^^* i« f^^r^^ed by adding the tense
uffix a (pluperfect c) to the reduplicated verb stem, as ypd<f.. (i„l) IX
econd perfect stem ye'ypa^a. The second perfect an'd stcon^ptpeXt
follow the inflection of the first perfect system (768). P^"Per±ect
4^ 1
176
038.
SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM.
VOCABULARY.
dvSpdTToBov, ou, t6, slave, esp. captive irX^v, conj., except; improper prep.
taken in war. ^itli gen., except.
p\AwT« (^Xa^), PXA,|,«, gpXa^a, p^- uX,,o-£os, a, o. (c/. ^X7;a.dfa.), near;
pXo<|>a, p^pXo^pAi, ipx<l+et,v and neut. as adv., T\r,alop, near.
^PXdpT|v, injure, hurt, harm.
tU&lut {eUad), ilKdcci), cKKOcra, c^Kao-iiai,
€lKd<r9tjv, liken, suppose, conjecture.
XdOpqi, adv., covertly, without the knowl-
edge of.
vdinj, 77 J, ij, ravine, glen.
*X®n, n^^ V, height, bank, hlvff.
irvp, TT 11/06 J, t6, fire.
<rtj|Aatv« {(T-nfiav), <n]\i.ava, io-^jitjva,
a-ta"f\\ta<r\ia\., ^a•r]^l,&v9r\v, give the
signal, make known.
T^K« (ro/c), T^g«, €TTj|a, T^TTJKa, <TdKtlV
and *T^x®nv, 7nelt; intrans., thaw,
melt.
639. 1. ra Se aXXa ets to ttC/o ippl^a^iev. 2. rot? oSi/
^eois x«>'5 €o-^«^ o^t ^fta? ou PefiXd^danv ol TroXe/itoi.
3. ctVa^o*/ T17J/ xtoVa TeTr)K€uaL^' kol heTrJKeL 8ta fcpifi/T^i/ 17
irXrjo-Lov ^v iv vdirrj. 4. elTTOi; on Kvpov direKTovoi ^ao"t-
Xeu9. 5. ^vyfi^ i<f)r) avTovs XeXotTreVat to xcopuov. 6. ^o-^ero
yaprovq iroXcfiCovs tJSt; etXTyc^oVa? ra a/c/3a. 7. 7re7ro>(^<icrt
/A€ az^Spe? mo-rot wre? Kvyow /cat 5/>trj/ eS^ot. 8. eV Se rrj
TToXefiLa^ hiaT4Tpi(t>ev rjfiepd^ TroXXa?. 9. Xd0pa Se rdv
(TTpaTioiTOiv^ i7r€TT6fi(t)€L Kvpo) dyyeXov. 10. roig Tre^oC
eVt ral? ©x^ats Tirax^v dvca tmv Imreajv.^ 11. Kvpo^
ovT€ dXXov 7r€7rofi(f)e (rrffiavovvTa^ o rt XPV Troteti/ ovre
avro9 Tr4<i)7)vev. 12. ravrr/i/ ri)i/ x^P^^ eVerer/Qoc^et Stapird-
o-at^ rot? "EXXt^o-i ttXi^j/ dj/8/3a7roSa>i/.
640. 1. The enemy have not escaped. 2. He has sent many
gifts to Menon. 3. But the satrap had written a letter to the
king. 4. He said that he had sent a guide to the army. 5. He
announces that the guide has stolen the money.
roper prep.
fifw), near;
near.
V, give the
't)Ka, IrdKTjv
'ans., thaw J
T0t5 OVP
rroXefiioi.
tprjviqv rj
01 ^acrt-
. fjo-dero
Tr6fJL(f}d(TL
» o > «
ei/ oe tt;
e rail/
» Tre^oC
. Kvpos
€Lv ovre
SLapird-
nt many
)r to the
. 5. He
SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM. I77
Notes. — 1 Infinitive in indirect discourse ar.o^ " n *•
(866). — 8 .sv. Yoina 4 'vu^ "'scourse (40J). _ - Dative of manner
expresses purpose (495, 4^ — ^ Th^ ;..«. •,• ^ ^* '^ participle
^ / V ^, ^,.— -^^le infinitive expresses;;ur/>(«e (461, 7).
041.
Advance. The Great Trench.
participle in indirect discourse (628).
No. 48. Assyrian Soldiers.
178
FERFKCT MIDDLE SYSTEM.
h '
LESSON LXIX.
Perfect Middle System of Vowel and of Mute Verbs.
«4U. liuviuw ^)M, 5; LM)!), lMO; 217; 220.
CJ4;J. (^onjiijraU) the perfect middle system of Xvm, loose, in
700, Xciirw, leave, in 775, (170), lead, in 770, and irciGw, persuade,
in 777.
(live tho synopsis of each verb, first of its perfect aiul pluperfect, then
of its future [)erfect.
(•»44.
VOCABULARY.
diro-o"rd(i), draw off, separate.
^K-irX'^TTi*, strike out of one's senses,
terrifi/.
6(i>paK(|^(i> (OupoLKiS), l9<apAK{.<ra, TcOwpii-
opvTTO) {6pvx)y opvgd), wpv|a, opci&pvxa,
iropa-TdTTOj, (Zraw ftp sttZe bi/ side, draw
up in line of battle.
Kio-noi, i9upaKlcr9r\v {('/. 0wpa^), arm itX^ttw (7rX7;7, TrXa^), irXi^|a), «irXTi|a,
with a corselet.
lidvTis, fws, 6, scfT, diviner.
)ii(iV|]<rK(i> ((U»'a)» livVjerw, c(iVTf<ra, |Ji,^|ivT)-
•ir^ir\T)'Ya, ir^irXi)'Y|iai, iirX'<]7T)v and
i'irXd'yT]v, strike, hit.
vTTO-XtlTra, leave behind.
[kaiy i\Kvi\cr9r\v, remind; mid. and XP^*'*^^^* o^> "^^ (<'/• XP'^*''"'^*)? P^cce 0/
pass., remember, with perf. as pres. gold, gold.
645. 1. ot E\\T7i^e<? iyyv^ t€^ etcrt /cat Tra/oareray/LieVot.
2. otecTTrao'To ya/3 to, crr/oareu/xara. 3. eTrvdero Se Td(j)pov
6p(i)pvyjJL€ur)v 8ta toO TreStov. 4. tw Se di/Spt^ toutw iJSea)?
7r€7ret(r/xat. 5. Kv/ooi/ 8e' c^acri rw pidvTei vTrecr^rjadai xpv-
(Tiov TTokv. G. etTTOj^ro Se /cat aXXot tC)v Uepcrwp TeOiopd"
KLcrp.4voi et5 ^ TpidKO(TLOV<;. 7. TToXXa/ct? yayo eV i^u/crt
iropevofievo^ d7r€<nraG'fiaL diro tojv ttc^wj/. 8. ttoctol tcjv
8.
erbs.
, loose^ in
persuade^
'rfect, then
o, 6p<ipvxa,
!/ side^ draw
tX'^jytiv and
j), piece of
•ay/xeVot.
E Toi<l>pov
T(a Tj^eo)^
TeB(ji}pdr
Iv vvktX
)(rot T(tiv
PEUFECT MIDDLE SYSTEif. I79
dpSpanoS^oi. i^TToXeXetVo^at; 9. Kal Scrrc, Vf^^u ^oAfrat
oiKaBe aneWelu, f.e^.rjcrO<o du^p dyaOh, ehac. 10. ^Xav^eu
CTTt TOU9 M6Va>^09 crrparta>rd9, cuVr' c'/cetVov^ iKnenkyxOaL^
Kai Tpe^uv inl tol onXa.
<M-«. 1 I liad been sliot tln-ougli my corselet. 2. The army
will have been eut to pieces. 3. lie says that the (ireeks have
oDeyed their connnanders in all (particulars).'^ 4. All had often
urged Cyrus not to light. 5. C^yrus and his horsemen had
been armed with corselets.
(SM) sto the number ./. _ M'erf.ct (insteu.l of present) infinitive for
en.pluusis, v^cre thoroughly friyhlened. _ ^ Wra (8;J4).
<»4:7. Silanus the Soothsayer is rewarded
ravT^^ ^ r^v Trdpohov Kvp6, re koX ^ crrpaTik
7raprjX0e Kal ^yivovro etVo) 717? rc^^pov. ravrr; /x^^ o5^
T?; ^/i^pa ovK iixaxicraro ygao-tXev'?. eVra{)l9a Kuyoo?
ti\avhv KaXecTd, top ixdvTLv iScoKev SdpaKoi,, rpLcrxl-
6 Uov^, 6tl rfj iuSeKdry dn' iKeCvrj, -fjp^dpa 7rpo0v6p.epos
ctjre^ a^ro) oVt ^Sao-tXe^? ov /.axerrat 8e/ca oJ^epS^, Kv/>o9
b elnev, " O^^ a>a irt fiaxelrai, el iv ravrat? ov /.axerrat
rat? ^/x€pat9- ea^ 8» dXride^cry^, vmcrxvovp^ai crot Se'/ca
raXa^ra." roGro r^ x^^orto^ roVe ISa>/ce^, eVel Trap^X^o^
10 at oiKa rjfxepaL.
NoTKS._4. c'ScKCv: .ya.. (hhn).-.5. iVt: ^>.c«M.e. _ d,r' I«£vt,s : ^e
ie/or. //m/ (day). ^6. ^.p^v : the //;.. ..V/./n n^hich, but ^^xcpa preceding/
o. oAtjetvoTjs : ,/,«// ^;.yi,e /y i,^ speaking the truth.
180
PKIiFKCT MIDULK SYSTEM.
LESSON LXX.
Perfect Middle System of Liquid Verbs.
iUH. \Ai\nn\ voibs sulTor in the main ilio siuno (iliangos in
tlio pertVu-t, niiddlo systcni us in tlu, iirst porfoia systoni ((iL'.'l-OL'd).
Thus, .lyycAAo. (.lyyeA), .JyyeA^.xi ((iL'iJ); <rrcAAo, (.rreA), .VraA/i«t ,
<^^e,v;o, (0^c,,). c><^,v>/mt (d'Jl); K^^vo. (k^i.), K.K^t/xat ; r.A... (rev),
r.Va;x«t ((ILT.); /^aAa, (/:;«A), /^*/^Av/x.u ; r«>.co (re^), r«r/.r//xat 0I-H5).
<m>. (\)njuirii((i (ho perfect middle systems of (ttAXw and
<t>a{va> in 778 and 77!).
(Jive thoir synopst's.
(J50. If V is not tliopivd ((5L>5), it is chai.go.l to «r before ^i, as «^atVa>
(t^tti/), ir€(f>(urij.iu.
051. In tho in<l('o(,ion, o- lu'twoon two conaoiiaiits is dropped.
<WSii. VOCABULARY.
diro-<rT<XXw, send awaj/, (fei^pntcft.
Sia-o-ircCpw, scatter about, scatter.
Oopp<«a, eappVjcrw, I96ippr\<ra, n9&ppi\Ka,
be bold or courageous.
otwv6s, ou, 6, omen.
otilSa^oO ((/. 01'), adv., nowhere.
b^9a\\i.6s, ov, 6 (cf. 6\poixai), eye.
irap-a-yY^XXw, pass along an order, give
orders, order.
<rir<Cp« {(TTrep), <rir€pw, ?<ririipo, J«rirop-
|*oi, i<rirdptjv, sow, throw about,
scatter, disperse.
<r<|><SSpa, adv., exceedingly.
<r«Trjp(a, as, ij {cf. aurifip), aafety,
deliverance.
TopATTft) (Ta/)ax),Tapd|(i>, ir&pa^a, Tird-
poYfioi, <Topdx6tiv, /ro)/6/e, disturb,
agitate.
053. 1. Oavfid^o) oTL ouSa/ioG KC/ao? ir^avTai. 2. Tra-
pyjyyekTo' Si toU ImrevcrL dappodon'' Sk^kclu. 3. icat ravra
PKliFECT MIDDLE SYSTEM.
181
(IL'.'J-OLMI).
lOTttA/iUl ,
'viti (TCI/),
(<IL>0).
as ifiaivo)
a, Harirap-
10 abouty
ago, Tird-
, disturb,
2. TTa-
Tavra
a«o,;,ra, .Tapaxffv <r.l,6Spa Kal rjp,irr,^,u .1 ^Sr, dnoKc^p,.
ix.,0. eU„.' 4. ot 8- Innu, i,T^app.i,o. d.rC„. 5. cru.,y^/.„,
^<rav T<o„ Steo-wap/ieVw./ oj w\«(rTot. (J. KXcapxo^ Si tois
a\\oi9 ,5y«T0 Kara ri napr,yyi\p.^^,a,' ol 8' e.Vo^ro. 7. a7r<-
-rraVeVot «Vlp oj ayytXoi Kal o-i,,/ avTo2<! ,TTpaTr,y6, n,
ayaf^oj. 8. e'XaVo^o 8^ tS,. o-r/^artr^™^ o£ hu,j,0app.ipo,
vno 77,9 xioVo? Toi;s 6<l>0a\p.o^.;.'' 9. roir? 8^ Kp^ra^ (',/„?
aTreora'X^au ^ 10. ,r6/,t ,rayrr,pid<s ^pXu ^uo/^tVoi, otWis toC
Aios ToD a-otrrjpo^ Trd^avrai..
<W4. 1. -lioals hiiil rtln^wly bocii doNpatchcd to tlie army
l)y (ynis. 2. lint the cavalry liave liocn disperaod. 3 '|'ho
army has been .,orni,,to<I. 4. None Iiavo ap,,„aro,l (w),„ ar„)
able to lielp u«. 5. Orders had been siven the peltii«t« to fclh.w.
.■/■'!n''";~ ',""'""■' l"'' '"■"" •'"""'• ''''"' ""''J'"' '" "'" '"""""'K i"«"itiv«.
™pr..»«o, ,„„„„„. (.,»r,, .). _. r,.,. ,,„„ oputive, „.„ ,„.,. ,ilv„ tho ,,,'„«tu„
... .ta o,-,Knm f„r„,._. /... „,,.„,,„■„,, ,„„„,„,,, i;,,,,.,,, „,.,,,,^,,.j
(I.t..„.ll,v /,„„*.,„ ,„j„„,, ) ,„„, i„„i ,,„,.. ,„^,„ ,,,,,,,,„/ ,,,|^,^ ^^^^.^_^ _^^_^
l.o„ w„ul,l ,„ , ^,„ S.„.A9«>« T..i (S(il) rok ^^#„Vo«. 1„ tl,o
pasmvo the , at.vo beco-nos the „ul,joct a„d tl.e accusative re,nai„8. Cf.
olo, T), and tho note. -^
i^
No. 49. Wheel and Axle of Scythe-bearing Chariot.
m
182
Fiii/iT PASisn-E sy6ri!:M.
055. Cyrus advances with Less Caution.
cVct S* inl Tjj Td(t)pqi ovk €Ka>\v€ /JacnXci)? to Kvpov
(TTpdT€vixa Sia^aCveiu, cSofe Kal Kipco Kal toU dk\oL<; ov
p.i\\eiv p^ax^ldOai- worre rjj vaTepaia KC/oo? irropevero
rifiekpfx€U(os fiakkov. rjj Se rpLTj) em re tov dpfxaro^
6 Kadrjfiepoq ttjv irop^idv iwoLelTo Kal okuyov^ cV rafct excov
npo avTov, to Se irokv airro) dvaT€Tapaypi€vov iiropev^To
Kal T(op 0TTk(i)v ToU o-T/Dartft^at? TroWa eVt afxa^wu yj-yero
Kai vTTol^vyt(t}v.
Notes. — 1. U!>Mt : iniporfect of attempted action. — 2. t^o^t : personal
construction, tlie subject being a pronoun referring to I3a(n\€v<:.~
5. Kae^,i«vo«: sittmr/, participle of the vovh KdOrffxai, sit. Koth Ka^T^/xcvos
and «>v are participles of manner (495, ;}). _ (]. a«T$ : dative of disadoan-
tage (8G1); orpaTialTttis, in the next line, is a dative of advantage.
LESSON LXXI.
First Passive System. Complex Sentences in Indirect Discourse.
656. Review 553, 6.
657. Conjugate the first passive system of Xuco, loose, in 770.
Give its synopsis, first in the first aorist, then in the first future.
658. Liquid verbs suf¥er in the main the same changes in
the first passive system as in the first perfect system (623-626).
Thus, dyyc'AXo) (dyycA), ^yy iXOrjv (623); rciVo) (rev), ^niOr^v ^624,
625); KpiVcu (KpLv), iKpiOriv (625); ^oAAo (fia\), ifSXrjOrjv; rifxvm (rea)
iTfxrjOrjv (626).
FIHHT PASSIVE SrSTEM.
Kvpov
l\ot9 OV
OpeV€TO
ipfjiaTo^
op€V€TO
V rj-yeTO
personal
■iA,cvs —
a$T^fX€VO<i
(isadvan-
course.
in 770.
ges in
3-626).
V (624,
18S
of ?Ln!''" '. "'?'"' ""'""^^' ''^- ^ «^"t«»«« consisting
C :> "^ ^'""^ ^"""^^^ ^^^^' ^'"l-' ^-^' «""]>!« sentences
(.^ .'^ 0.2, rm 460, 608, 628), but its dependent verb or ve 1 e
subject to the Jaw illustrated in the following ex.unples :
Tovs KaxaYaYT, otKaSe, ^. ;...^,-,,, them not to stol untitle
hnngH them hack home. ^ ^^
M.^ /.. n^ai hring the guides whom they sent for ^
5. X^va 8ti KaXcSs av ^crxcv ct ^irpa|av to«to, he says that
It would have been well if they had done this, ^
6 <|>Ti(rl upd$at av S ti povXoivro, he says that he would do
whatever they might wish.
Each complex sentence is here ouofPfl nffor « ^ •
™-. of Us ,.;.„,.„, e,a..e ch^^.Tet: t^o '21 ::: ""- "'^
Convert each quoted complex sentence above into its origi,::, L.,n.
(W3. 1. ,tu.v 8ti .t,\„apo£,i Sans raCra Mvoi (this mid.t
nonTeZ ^'^"^' '" '"'' *'"" "'"'^"'^'- "^''^ ''«' '«'^<'<^
2. KaXas i'|«v 4-<t,i,, .t toOto irp^TTot.v (this might be ikv
TOVTO ^paTT„at), & .aUi that il ,ooul,l le well if the} did thu.
n
m
I
184
FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM.
3. -OircorxcTo avTots jtii irpdcrBiv Travor€(reai irplv avToi»s
KaTa-yd-yoi o'ircaSe (this might be irplv av avTOvs KaTa-yoiYXl),
he promised them not to stop until he brought them back
home.
Here the dependent clause follows a secondary tense, and its verb
(originally n prmary ter.se of the indicative or a subjunctive) may either
be changed to the same tense of the optative or retained in the original
mood and tense. When the subjunctive becomes the optative, av is
dropped (i^v becoming «l).
4. Tovs T|"Y€|t6vas ^r\ a|€iv oSs fi€T€ir€>\|favTo (this could
not he ovs li^Taircfixj/aiVTo), he said that he would bring the
guides, whom they had sent for.
5. €X€|€v 8x1 KttXws dv €<JX€V €l €Trpa|av tovto (here no
change is possible), he said that it would have been well, if they
had done this.
6. €<t>Ti TTpalai av (J Ti povXoivTo (no change is possible), he
said that he would do what'^ver they might wish.
Here the dependent clause follows a secondary tense, but its verb
(originally a secondary tense of the indicative or an optative) retains its
mood and tense.
663. When a complex sentence is indirectly quoted, after
piimary tenses the dependent verbs retain the same mood and
tense. After past tenses, dependent primary tenses of the
indicative and all dependent subjunctives may either be
changed to the same tense of the optative, or retain their
original mood and tense. When a subjunctive becomes opta-
tive, av is dropped. But dependent secondary tenses of the
indicative and dependent optatives remain unchanged.
FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM
185
^^- VOCABULARY.
.t^Xt5v« («/.,..), at,x.v«, ,-^,,a, ,reat, ho. many as
Bcrxwenv (c/. a/<rx/,6s), «Aam« ; a.Vx(5-
"OMa. as pass, dep., /eei ashamed,
feel ashamed before.
&XX«s (cf dWos), adv., oi^emise.
Av-o£y«, Av.o(|«, dv.^u,|a, dv-^^Ya and
Av-^<5,Xa, dv-^^pY^as dv.cs)'xeT,v. ojjen
8^«, SV«, ?8T,«ra, 8«cKa, S^Sc^.u, IBi-
KaTa.<rx(5», split open, burst open.
»«ros, rj, OP, rel. pron., /iow, much or
ircSs, adv., m any my, at all (enclitic).
o-w+poo-wvT,, ^s, ^, self-control.
TtTp<6o-K« (r^o), Tp.i<r«, ?Tp«cra, T^rpc*.
Jiai» ^TptSOtjv, wound.
Too-ovTos, 77, 0., dem. pron., so much,
so many.
■rvvxAva, (ru^), Tcvloptai, frwxov, rcrii.
XrjKa and Wrcvxa, Ai<, a«am, ^e<,
happen.
*\vap^«, 4»Xvap V«, ^a^A: nonsense, talk
bosh.
-..Too-ow^ affa/)ao-»c£uore>^;8ao-t\eruaYero-6'aL2 4 .,
ratrvtVew re Tac miX^v »i . ^ '*"A"<^'7at. 4. ko-
III
1
m
186
FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM.
666. 1. The soldiers were drawn up^ and forced to proceed.
2. But the enemy flee in fear^ that they will be encircled
on both sides. 3. You will be forced to open the gates.
4. If these should be worsted, nobody would be left. 5. He
promised him that if he would come he would make him a
friend to Cyrus.
Notes. _ i ^o-w . . . to(tovtw, by how much . . . by so much, i.e. in English,
the . ^ . the, datives of the degree of difference (867). — 2 Cyrus thought,
oo-o) Aj/ BaTTOv ikOui, ToaovTia dTrapa(TK€V0T€pa) /Sao-iAci fiaxovfiai. — » The
passive construction after a verb signifying to teach (888), in which
the accusative of the thing taught is retained. — * The genitive fol-
lows verbs signifying to attain (845) ^ i,, the original Siv Tijxotfii.—
« Cf. G16, 5. — 7 as safely as possible. For ws with superlatives, Latin
quam, see the general vocabulary. — s Slv belongs also with fiaxoifxtOa. ~
» Use the aorist participle. — 10 Use the aorist participle of SeiSw.
667. "The King is coming!"
/cat rjSrj re ^v dfi(l>l ayopav irXridovdav koX nXyjaiov
Vv 6 (TTaOfioq evOa Kv/oo? e/xeX\e KaraXiuv, r)ULKa durjp
Ucpa-rjs Trpo(f)aiveTai i\avvo)v dvd Kpdro^; /cat evOits ndo-Lv
oh ivETvyxavep i/36d /cat fiap/3apLK^<; Kal 'EWtji^lk^^ 6tl
5 ^ao-tXeu? crw o-rparev/Aart noWw npoaepxeTaL cJ? (as if)
ct9 P'dxnv 7ra/)eo-/ceuao-/AeVo9. €p6a Sr) TroXtr? rdpaxo^s
iyiv^To- avTt/ca ydp iSoKovv ol "EXXt/i^c? /cat TraWe? 8e
araKToi^ o-<J)1(tlv iinTrea-dcrdaL.
Notes.— 1. tJv . . . irXyjeovo-ov : it tms about the time of full market.—
2. «rTa0|ids : halfinr/ place. - 8. 'irpo«j)aCv€Tai . . . Kpdros : comes in sight riding
at full speed. — 7. Kal ,rdvT6s 8^ .- and (8c) all alike, i.e. Persians as well as
Greeks. — 8.^ 4mu€o-«£o-eai: their thought was, drtiKrois (in disorder) ^fuv
iinwtirciTai pao-tAeus. See tTri-TriTTTw.
proceed.
Jiicircled
e gates.
5. He
B him a
1 English,
thought,
. — 8 The
in which
litive fol-.
V)(OllXl
Bs, Latin
HfjLtda. —
'Xtjctlov
a av7)p
? TTaCTLV
KCJ^ OTL
(as if)
\arket
'lit riding
well as
er) rifiXv
SECOND PASSIVE SrSTEM. Jg;
lESSON IXXII.
Second Passive System.
668. The second passive system includes the second aorist
and second future passive.
^^ ««». Conjugate the second passive system of .riXU, und,
Give its synopsis, first i„ the second aorist, then in the seeond f„ture
passive sten, .raX. (672 ThTs' iflenl 7^ ^ • """' """""^ ='°™*
in the other .oods LI a ^Sel'^ 'fi Lrdi 1^ ttT ^^
ary tense the second aorist nassivp h.. o '"^/"^"S- As a second-
follows the inflection of thelrrttZt pliTeTrr;"" '"^ ""'"^- "
671. The second future passive adds <to/, to the stem of fho
aonst passive, with the tense suffix e lengthened to7 It foil 1 """I
tion of the first future passive (770). ^' ^"°''' ^^' "^^^^■
672. An c in the verb stem generally becomes a.
673.
piafcos {cf. ^tdfoMat), adv., violently,
e|oK6<rioi, at, a, 66'6'.
H«Xpi» conj., Mn«Z.
VOCABULARY.
v€Kp6s, oO, 6, corpse; oi venpol, the
dead.
iraXTdv, oO, t6, spear, javelin.
rpoirifi, ^y, V {cf. rpiTTco), rout, defeat.
io-Tcpaios, a 0. (c/. ilcrre/jos), later, fol-
lowing.
674. 1
KvyOC
€1 TT
■opevdeirj eVt rou? crr/>aTt(ura"?
UTTO
roi'
//7A IJ/^i
c/cttX
188
SECOND PASSIVE SYSTEM.
a. Sca^0apr,.a. noXi, roC crrpar..;/.aro5. 11. ,al iSov-
meT^'s^' J^^T'"' "''P'"'''' ''^'''" ^'* * *«"«-»d horse-
men. J. The barbarians turned « and fled. 3. The soldier,
came togetherS and deliberatpH 4 ci, f soldiers
brave^it nf tl,« " "^liberated. 4. Show yourselves' the
No. 50. apAio
VERBAL ADJECTIVES.
189
VCTTCpOV
''qcrav oi
iyevero,
■' OpflTJ-
'TTO TWV
Wyjvcop
I horse-
soldiers
3s7 the
ittered,
®'^^* The Order of Battle.
Ka\ Kvpo, idcopdKliero koI tSl rraXra el, A, ^,2pas
cAa^c rot. re dWo., nacr. TraprjyyeXXep i^07rXlCecr6au
..ea 8rj cry. noXXrj anovSfj eVaVro.ro, KXe^apxo, ^.h rh
Bei^o. ro. EU,..oO i^., .p6, r^ E^pdry .ora;xc3,
5 n^ofe.o. 8e ex6t.euos. ol 8* dXXoc p^er^ rovrov. Uivcv k
Kac Tocrrparevpa rh eic^.v^o. K^pa, icrxe rov 'EXXrf.^Kov.
rov 8eJapfiap.,ov innels ^.kv Ua<t>Xay6ue, el, ^a.ov,
napa KXeapxov irdxOrjaav iv r<? Septal Kal rh 'EXXrjucKhu
rreXraar^Kov iv U r^ eho.v<>p.^ ^ Kp,al6, re 6 Ktpov
10 UTrapxo? /cat r6 (?X\o ^a/o/3ayot/coV.
Notes. -For the disposition of the forces, see No. 56 -5 iv.
9. TH, cAcaviO^s, : of the entire Greek force. ^ ^' ~
literally
^ Dative
pursuit.
)osition.
LESSON LXXIII.
Verbal Adjectives.
677 Verbal adjectives are derived from verb stems, and are
generally equivalent to passive participles in meaning. Thev
are formed by adding rds and t^os to the verb stem, which
generally ha. the same form as in the first aorist passi;e (with
the change of .j, and X to ir ar.fi K before T).
Thus, .oU., do, ino.ri»,r, ,„,,,^„, . „^,„- ^
JTopcureosi wt/j.ww. send. iW„A/)^., _., .'. . /, ,. P'^varjv,
190
VERBAL ADJECTIVES.
678. The verbal in t€OS has both a personal and an impersonal
construction, of which the latter is more common.
679. 1. aXXai vt]€S jJi6Tair€|jnrT€at €l<riv, other ships must be
sent for.
2. a)<))€XTiT€a <roi t| irdXis eariv, the city must be succored by
you.
680. In the personal construction the verbal in tc'os is
passive in sense, and expresses necessity, like the Latin parti-
ciple in dus, agreeing with the subject. The agent is expressed
by the dative.
68.1. 1. TavTtt y\^Xv ttoltitc'ov ccttiv, we must do this.
2. Tr€(nTT€a co-tI t6v o-xpaTirybv Ujiiv, you must send your
general.
3. TTiv iropeiav UjiTv irejxj iroii]T€Ov, you must make the
journey on foot.
682. In the impersonal construction the verbal is in the
neuter of the nominative singular (sometimes plural), with iari
expressed or understood. The expression is equivalent to Set,
one 7nust, with the infinitive. It is practically active in sense,
and allows transitive verbals to have an object like their verbs.
The agent is expressed by the dative.
683. 1. €Xa0€ t6v Kvpov dircXOwv, he went off unnoticed by
Cyrus.
2. €Tvx€ •H^9 Ta|is avT<p k'Tro^ivr\ twv ottXitwv, as it chanced,
a division of heavy-armed men was following him.
3. <|)ed(r€i Tovs dXXous Kvpos dAncdiieyoS; Cyrus ivill arrive
before the others.
2.
VEllIiAL A DJEC TI VES.
191
684.. The participle with XavGdvo), e8cape the notice of,
Tu-yxavo), happen, and <t>edva), anticipate, contains the leading
idea of the expression and is usually translated by a verb. The
aorist participle here coincides in time with the verb (unless
this expresses duration) and does not denoL past time in itself.
686.
VOCABULARY.
diro-iropcvonai, go off, depart.
Jt]X«t<Ss, -q, 6p {cf. ^7}\6w, envy), to be
envied, enviable.
9av\tavrr6s, ■/), bv {cf. davfui^w), wonder-
ful, surprising.
t-iririKtfs, ^, 6v (cf. XirTosi),for cavalry;
rb lirniK6v, the cavalry, the horse.
Xavedvft) (\a^), \^<r«, cXaGov, XiXtjOa,
X^Xrjo-nai, escape the notice of; mid. ,
forget.
|iav0Avw (fxad), jiae^o-onai, Ijioeov,
ItcfidOtjKa, learn, esp. by inquiry,
find out, hear of.
lUTdirtniTTOs, ov {cf neTavifiirofMu),
sent for.
|ii^-iroT€ {fii^ + TTOT^), never.
$C<)>os, ous, t6, sword. No. 40.
<|>Odv(i) {<t>0a), <t>e^<ro)iai and ^Q&trw,
i^9r]v and i^daa-a, anticipate, out-
strip.
686. 1. el<s KaXov^ '^Kere- iirl yap to opos nopevreov.
2. (TKenTCov fioL Sok€l ehat ottcws tol OTrXa i^ofxev, tol Sopara
KOL ra iL(t>7j /cat ra dWa. 3. /cat ol linreh iXdvBavov
avTov^ eVt ToI yr)\6(l>co y€v6fX€voi.^ 4. ovk dv eir) OavfiaG-rhv
el Tvxoiev ravra tiaOovre^. 5. o^TO<i hk Teray/xeVo? irvyxav^v
eVt rrp e{)aivi^p,(ji jov lirmKov^ dpxcop. 6. cS dpSpe^ (TTpari^-
rat, TT^v nopeidv ireCf) 7roLr)T€ov • ov ydp eVrt TrXota. 7. napijp
Se^ /cat Aa/ce8at/ioVto9 rt? eVt tc^p v€wv, />teTaVe/>i7rT09 vno
Kvpov. 8. /cat <l)6dvov(TLv eVt rw a/c/Qw yepofievoi tov^
TToXefiiovs. 9. i5/x,ti/ Sk iravTa TrotTyrea cJ? /LtiyVor' eVt toI^
, ,- / — . y^ f-v,.v-«.. _..v/. cytu oc up^wu Tov oLKaoe BovXo^
pevov diroiropevea-daL rot? ot/cot Jt/Xwtoi/^ TroLTJao).
192
VEHBAL ADJECTIVES.
687. 1. This it seems to me must be considered. 2. On the
following day the generals resolved that they must advance
through the mountains. 3. For there are many^ (reasons)
why« I must not do this. 4. It would not be surprising
if Cyrus should think that he must pursue these men.
5. He says that the generals ought to consider what the
hindrance is.
Notes. — ' Sc. xpovov, in the nick of time. — 2 Xote avrous, they got
there before they knew it. — 'With dpx<»Vy as commander of the horse ■» an
object of envy to his (friends) at home. For the two accusatives after ttoicw,
see 840. — ^ Use the neuter plural, — « hC a.
688. Armor of Cyrus and his Bodyguard. The Enemy appear.
Kvpos Be Kal ol tTTTTCts TovTov 6(Tov i^aKocTLOL (onXLcrixd-
VOL rjcrav 0(opd^L fiep avTol /cat 7rapa/ii7/3t8tots /cat Kpdvecri
irdvTeq irXrjp Kvpov Kvpos Se ^iXrfv cT^c ttjv K€<l)aX7)p iv
'^V H'^'XV- o^ ^* tTTTTOt Trdvr€<; ol fxerd Ktfpov elxov /cat
5 7r/oo/icTft)7rtSta /cat Trpoo-Tepvihia- et^ov Se /cat fxaxoL^pd^
OL tTTTTCt? E\Xr)VLKa^. /cat 17817 re ^v fiecrov rifi€pd<s /cat
oviro) /caTa<^ai/cts -^a-av ol noXefiiOL • rjvLKa 8e 8etX7;
ey^yveTOy i<l)dpr) KovLopTos wa-nep vefftiXr} XevKrj, XP^^V
oe TToXXoi varepop (Zcnrep fieXapid rt? ip tcj ireSCa)
eVt TToXv.
Notes — 1. ^o-ov : neuter as adverb, with numerals, about. — 3. wXtjv
Ktipou : the exception extends only to Kpavtm 7. T|v£Ka . . . i^l-^vtro -.
when it began to be (literally, was becoming) afternoon 8. 4<|>dvTj : there was
seen \p6v<if . . . 4irl iroXv : considerably later (the cloud of dust appeared)
fust like a sort of blackness in the plain for a great distance (eVt ttoXv). For
Xpov(a, a dative of the degree of difference, see 867.
On the
advance
reasons)
rprisiiig
e men.
iiat the
they got
sc-
an
er TTOico},
it.
rXicrfxe-
pdv€(Tl
iXrjp iv
'OV Kol
L.
)d9 Kal
SeiXrf
Xp6p(o
3. ttXtjv
lYt7V«T0 :
here was
ppeared)
j). For
REGULAR VERBS IN MI, TtdrjfiL.
193
LESSON LXXIV.
Regular Verbs in MI, TiQt\\Li,
689. Some verbs form the present and second aorist systems
by adding the personal endings directly to the verb stem,
omitting the tense suffix % (135, 606), except in the subjunctive!
In these verbs, therefore, the present and second aorist stems
are the simple verb stem, which is, however, often reduplicated
with t in the present system.
690. Compare the following forms of the present indicative active of
Tt-erj-fiL (Oe), place, put, with those of Av<o (Av), loose :
1
2
3
SINGULAR.
Tt-0T|-(Al
Tt-OtJ-O-l
DUAL.
tUOc-tov
T£-9e-Tov
PLURAL.
Tf-e€-T€
SINGULAR.
Xvu
Xucis
Xvci
DUAL.
Xvc-TOV
Xv€-TOV
PLURAL.
XvO-fiCV
Xw€-T€
Xvovcri
691. Such verbs are called Verbs in |ii, because they retain
the personal ending fii in the first person singular of the present
indicative active. Verbs like Xv« are called Verbs in «.
692. Learn the conjugation of the present and second aorist
systems of ti0ii|jli (^e), place, put, in 784 and 788.
693. Review the endings and suffiixes given in 136, 145 175 •
401,413,455,484,493. ' '
Read and note the following in explanation of the paradigms :
694. 1. In the singular of the present indicative active, and in the
first person of the Hingular of the imperfect indicative active, 9t is length-
ened to ©i|, and the third person plural of the present ends in So-i (for vo-i).
194
BEOULAR VBUnS W MI, rid,,^,.
2- In tlie iniiwrfect indicative activp <»(«. i ,.
a contract verl, r.«.V c/ Lu^!' ,.'"!' '^"" '"'' f""-"""! «» if from
t'.e present i„,,„.ative active. 1^12! ^' *"*'^- ^'"'''"'>' ^"" "'
4. Tl.e optative has the n.ood su-fiH , J "", ^''"^•
only before active e„,li..g,,. The mZl ! ,B ' ?^' ' '"■ ""• ''"* "'" ''"'«'•
»te„. and contracts withlt. J. «,! .," "'"'"' '"''■""^ "> "» ™1-
the ,nood sufHx. ' ""^ ^"""» "'« '-"^cent cannot ,m, beyond
.» ^''^^'rtilf :o:rt::tair'"™r^^^ ""- - --"
tense suffix Ka for o^a (148). ^ ' '''*''*' ^^^•**' ^^''"•ed with the
7. The active participles I V ^ "''"^:^^^ ^*-- '^^^^'^^ -)•
1 Ttocts diid 0,fs are declined like Xvdci^ (754).
695.
alxi*AX«Tos, 0., c«pj!,,red; aa noun,
oi '^ixt^d\o,roi^ prisoners of war, cap.
tives.
Avo-Tfetijii, set up, dedicate.
avTofi (c/. air6.), adv., i„ ^e «eny
place, here, there.
PaKrrjpfa, «,. ^, ,^^^ ,„,^^^ ^^^^.^^_
s^icAr. Nos. 1, 30, 36.
Y^Ppov, ov, t6, wicker shield.
yivv, y6paTos, rd, knee.
8<Pf*o, aros, t6, hide, skin.
VOCABULARY.
Sta.r(0t,^t, set out in order, arrange,
dispose.
^''•''^^ni^^, put or place in, of fear, instil
in, inspire in.
^Tt-T(0r,^t, impose on, inflict; mid.,
put oneself on, attack.
<rvv-T£0T,^i, put or place together; mid
contract, agree on, make an agree-
ment.
^te^Kt (Oe), 0V«, ?0T,Ka, W0aKa, W0«.
696. 1. imOrjo-eraL riuTu^ 9 / cs» ,
/cat «X.„o„a-t M<iTr,<T0<u ^^ 6«r.,
!<1 .18 if from
arly rl9u in
8 ill (O Qil5,
UO).
t the latter
to the verb
;)ass beyond
' not occur.
d with the
the infini-
i vat).
! (754).
BeavzAR vmm in mi, r,W,^,.
, arrange,
'ear, instil
't; mid.,
er; mid,,
in agree-
to., t46h-
VfJLLV
t).*?^'^' ]' ^^^ '«'l'l't«s grounded arms 5! ti .
tlie Greeks would attack them ,i , . "'^ ^'""■"d *»'
inflict punishment on 1!"; rT*" ! " "^''^- «' "« -'"
inflict punisliment on me ' -5 A f",' ''''' "'"•>' t*"^*" and
agreement/ they proceeded to tht rivlf " ''"' '""■ "^^^ *is
"we^vo,. *■ ""'P'"- - Tawa (e„^„a,e accusative)
698. Tk, E„„y,, ^„^^ ^^^_^^
^„ s< . . ""*"'« Persian Centre.
Vrrpanre Kal at Xo'vyac «ai ' • %^ ^"^'"'^ "^
ToXc/*.'a,^, ^y<;„e^o, s; '"^ '''' "" ^i<opvp.ov rZp
190
HKADINa LESSON.
apfiara ra hpiwavr^ifiopa KaXovficua. Kal cV tovtco Kvpo<:
irap^Xavpuiv avro^ aw ULyprjTL t^ ipp.y)vd Kal aXXoi?
Tpiali^ r) T€TTapaL rm KXidpxco ^/36d dycLu to (TTpaTtvpa
10 Kara fxcaov to tCou no\€p.Ccou, on CKel ^acrtXeu? ^i/. " Kdv
TOUT*," C0T/, •' WKW/LtCt/, ndl^6* r^pTlV TrCTTOlT^Tat."
NOTEH. --- 1 . xa\K(if Ti9 ^Tpairr. : hnr ami thnr (rJv) thnr honzv armor
be,,antojlas/,. T.. Kord Jevr, : nation /,,, nation. - iv ir\a^<rl,f wX^jpu dvOp.4.
ir-v : in a soli^l s^inar,: — 7. KaXov^iiva : .s,; ral/nl. -- 10. k«v : i.e. kui «ai/.—
11. ir.iro(i,Tai : alM.ouKh i. |).Tr..ct, in form, tlii« ivfors vividly to tlio futuro,
— our whole ivork- «.v (iri/l have been) done. ('/. M7.
No. 5 1 . ffT^fpavos,
^Oi Kvpoq
,t aXXoi9
rpdrevfia
onzf armor
/jpii dvOptii.
Kai ii'tv, —
Lliu i'uturu,
HKOULAU VKHlis IN MI, gt'^cy/it.
197
LESSON LXXV.
Regular Verbs In MI, 6(6«jjit.
«»f). Lcvrtm thoconjUKution of tlu, p.oscnt and «ocond aorist
syMuins ol 6(6cojii (6o), .//.,, in 78r, and im.
Read an,l ..o(,., tho following i„ ox,,lanution c.f th. i.anulig,„H :
f. V^^' /;,'•' l':'^'^'"^^"''^'"'' ^''" !>'•<'«<'"<' i'"Jioativo activ. 80 is lengthened
to 8«, and the third jH-rson phual ends in Ho-i. 'u.guienea
2 In tho in.perfe,.t, in.li.^ativo active. «(8o«v, «£8ov,. 48(8o« are formed
as if from a contract verl, 8i8«V (^f ihrWoL Jfi'x """ 'J'^^ '"""*'^»
«i.nilar,y 8C8ov in the present in,.erativ;fa!!t ;;'l^ZS''" ^^^^^>-
.J. For the formation of the snhjnnetive and optative, see m '{ and 4
but here in the subjnnctive + , = v, not ot (.-MO)! ' ' '^ '"^^ ^'
;!• The singnhtr of the secon.l aorist in.lieative active .Iocs not occur
.H Bupphed by the first aorist forn.s »8«Ka, l8«Ka,. ««k.. fonn d . it h
tho tense siUhx Ka lor <ra (1 tH). i^nnou wiin
r,. In tho second aorist iniporative active, S69 is irroirular a„rl <h« ^ a •
tivo 8o0va. (for So-cva.) is formed with the .ending Ja'' ' """'
0. The active participles 8.8oiis and 8o«, are declined like \6<ov (7^^
except in the nominative singular masculine. ^ ^ ^'
701.
«iX£o-KO,iai (a'\, a'Xo), aX(6o-OHiai, rtX«v
and iJXwv, JdXuKa and T]\«Ka, /;e
crtpfwred, i5aA:eu, or caught, used as
pass, to alpiu.
dvo.YiYv<6o-K», A:mo?« agram, recognize,
read.
VOCABULARY.
7iVv«S«rK» (7^0), Yv«S<ro^iai, Iyvwv,
Iyv«ko, JfYvwo-^ai, <Yv.i<reiiv, knoio,
perceive, feel, experience, learn,
think.
w.._r- \....;, „„„„j lowKo, 0<&wKa, 5^6o-
r ' a
if
198
REGVLAU VERBS IN MI, B{BcofjLi.
K&vSvs, uos, 6, caftan, a long outer
garment. No. 11,
irapa.8(8cajii, pass along, give up, sur-
render, ft and over.
irXia (ttXu), TrXcvo-Ofiai and irXcvo-oOi^ai
ifTrXiua-a, ir^irXtuKO, ir^irX€vo-|jioi, sail.
irpo.8C8wjii, give over, betray, abandon.
o-W4>avos, ov, 6, crown, lorcath, chaplet,
garland. No. 51.
Xpv<ro-xdXivos, ov (xpvaSs, gold + xd\7-
vos, bridle), with gold mounted
bridle.
a Although not /xt-verbs, atWo/xat and ytyv6aK<s> have second aorists
01 the fii-form.
702. 1. dvayuovs ttjp imaToX^v IhcoKe XcoKpaTei. 2. KO-
po9^ Se iKeipcp SCSoj(TLi^ iTTTTOv XP^^oxdXlvov /cat Kdvhvv,
3.^ rip(;,To}v iKdvoi el Solev du tovtojp tol maToi. 4. tfi^p 8^
TtSi/ 'EWyjucou Kal (rr^avov iKdcrra) XRvcrovu Sc^a-oj. 5. Kal
SovvaL Kal \afidv Tncrrd iOiXofxev. 6. koX ehOh^ ^yva^crav
irdpTes 6tl^ eyyi;? icTt ^acrtXev'?. 7. eVt tdpSa^; o{, nXev-
aovuraL, ikp /.>) avroU XPVf^oLTa StS^rc. 8. Kal liriro,
y)\o,cTav et9^ ^Ikoctl, Kal ij <TKr)vi) id\<o. 9. rfj ydp 7rp6cTeev
Vf^cpa n^pTTcop /3ao-t\€V9 rd SnXa irapahMvai iKeXevev.
10. dpdyKT,^ Syj poL vpd, npoSoura' rfj Ktpov <i>iXia
XPwOai. 11. rrph^ S^ ^acriXid wepncop ^ftov Kdpo^
d,SeX<t>h^ c^v^ aircw Sodijvai oP ravVds rks 7r6Xa<; pdXXop
r) TL(r(ra<f)eppr]v dpx^iv avTwv.
703. 1. And he did not give them pay. 2. They bound
the guide and handed (liim) over to them. 8. She is said to
have given much money to Cyrus. 4. They gave the Cxreeks
barbarian spears. 5. He took the letter and gave it to Cyrus.
Notes. 1 «fto./. _ 2 Sc. eVr^'.-S Tn agreement with ^c, the unex-
pressed subject of xPwOai.--^ The participle expresses cause (495, '>) _
6 See 487 and 435. ^ ^'
', abandon,
th, chaplet^
>ld + x<iX<-
nwunted
id aorists
2. KO-
'/JLCJV Se
6. Kal
yvcocrav
If nXev-
ITTTTOl
pocrdev
eXevev.
<f)L\.La
Kvpo^
laWov
bound
said to
jrreeks
Cyrus.
3 unex-
I '>^
BBGULAU VEUBS IN MI, JVt,^,.
199
704. Cleatchus refuses. The Barbarians' Advance.
^«r, «arep.6'e., r. S K^^. a.«pf.„.o on aL ^iXo.
av._ra, .avro„ ,.rpare.;^„n npoaip^^ra., rb Si 'EXX^.^^.
m e. ro, at^a, ^.Vo. <r..raVr.rac. «al 6 Kipo, nap^XaH-
VO.U o. .a^„po, aira; ™ ..rpar.^^an «ar.^.aro W-
po>,Te anofi\,„u>u et, r. roi, ^o\e^tov9 «ai ro.>s -^tXovs.
o B^a a °"f-f r':"™"" '" «1«- ««»«- : al»„ co„ce ,,ive.l
LESSON LXXVI.
Regular Verbs in MI. Io-tthjh.
systems li'Z ""rf '^'""" "^ '^^ P''"*'"' '^"-J «''«''"<» "0"«t
systems of i,7T,,^i ^.rra), ,et, make ,tand, in 780 and 790.
Read and note the following in explanation of the paradigms :
III
200
REGULAH VERBS IN MI, '{arv^it.
2. In the sin,n>lar of tl.o present and in.porf.ot in.lioativo active, <rra is
en,thene.l to .r,, an<l tl.e thinl p.-son plural of the present en.ls in ..
iTTUirt ansmjr fron, lara-d<n by contraction.
^{. In the in.perfect indicative, I is due to the au^•nlent (G7 '>)
4 For tlie forn.ation of the s.ibjunctive and optative, see '«!)!, ;{ and 4
but^here ,u the subjunctive a + , = ,, .., a, and a + ,=,, not , (;M„). '
o In the present inoperative active, W-n^ (for ftrru-^o reiects Ot -LnH
lengtiuMis the final vowel of the stem. ^ •" '"'^
^ 6. The lengthenino. of <rTa to o^rr, occurs also in the second aorist
mdicat,ve, nnperative (except in <rxdvr«v>, and infinitive active
7. The active participles terras and ^rt, are decline.l like Adcra, (751)
H. The second aorist middle of tVrv/ic does not occur.
707.
dv-fo-TTjiii, make rise, rouse; inid.,
with perf. and second aor. act.,
intrans., stand up, rise.
diro-SiSpio-Kw, rim away, escape by
stealth.
Pt'Po^ai, ipdOtiv, (JO, walk.
8ia-Pa(v(i>, gfo ouer, cross.
8i8pd<rKai (Spa), SpJ^o-onai, i'8pov,
8^8paKa, run.
8wvo(iai (Sum), 8uvVonai, ScSvvTjuai,
^SuvVjOtjv, be able or capable, be
worth, amonnt to, signify.
l|i-ir£nTr\ti(ii, fill full, satisfy.
iirC<rTO|iai (<?jrt(TTa), ^iriorrVjo-Ofjiai, TJiri-
<rT^eT]v, understand, know.
VOCABULARY.
^-£o-TT|^i, brinf/ to a stand, make halt;
mid., with perf. and second aor. act.,
intrans., halt, stop.
i'o-Ttjui (ara), o-T^o), iVrtjca and
«0-TT)V, Ko-TTjKa, ^O-TOflOl, ^<rTd0TlV,
set, make stand, make halt; mid.
(except first aor.), with perf. and
second aor. act., intrans., stand,
^(op, halt.
Ka0.£<rTTj|ii, set down or in order, settle,
station, establish; mid., with perf.
and second aor. act., intrans., take
one's place.
ir£jiir\T,|ii (7r\a), ttX^w, iVXT]<ro, irt-
•»r\T]Ka, WffXTiiiai and ir^irXTjo-jioi,
iTr\ii<rer\v, fill.
J^z^r""''' ""'""' '''''"-' ™" '''-'" <««=^ "»™ -"■«'
t
a
J
;ivp, era is
ids ill oo-i,
I, ;J and 1,
its 6i and
md aorist
s (7ol).
lake halt;
1 aor. act.,
1<ra and
ia-T6.9r\v,
lit; mid.
)erf. and
. , stand,
ith porf.
lis., ^(A-e
[]<ro, ir^-
! second
UEGULAR VERBS IN MI, tVT?//xt. 201
708. 1. olhk TToXe'fXLOL OVK€TL icTTrjCTaP. 2. iiu TL Svpr^-
/xat, ravra nocrjcrco. 3. r^, Sccj^Oepd, inLf^nXacrau xlXod.'
4. a^ecrT>;a-a^ ol ^EXX>;^e9 Kal cIttoz. oVt aipd roh, </>Aa/ca9
.rrnea,. ^6. dXX^ Kal rovr6 ye eVtVracr^e. 7. rovro^
6e ouSe^ aWo Svi^arai ^ ^iro^pava^. 8. e'ySovXev'o^ro oVa>9
a. /caUcara S.a^are.. 9. cVeWr; 6 Kvpo. cr^. rol^ ^ep\
avTov ap^aroi,. 10. 6 hk €>m/.7rXa\ a7raVra>^ t>)^ y^c.5;.^^«
aTrenefxneu. U. crrdprcou ol oTrXlra,. 12. ciXV e5 eVtcrra-
o-e/wi^ ort ovK dno^eSpoiKdcnv.
7m). 1. He lutlted his men. 2. Xenophon rose and spoke
as fo lows 3. He was not able to rise. 4. They made those
who had been wounded^ rise. 5. You must cross the river,
that the enemy may not escape by stealth.
,' J'"''''';"' ""^f '''''''''' ^^^«"*' disregarding the contraction, r/.
tive of the thing filled and the genitive of inaterial (848). -8 Second
aonst of the ,u-forn.. - . Refers to a course of conduct. - « Ln. _ « '2
funuj the destre.-^ Use the perfect participle with the article (487, 3 and 4).
710. The Sacrifices are favorable. The Watchword.
tSoi^ hkKvpov dirh Tov 'EXXriuLKov Bevocf^^u 'Aerjualo,,
neXacras ojcrre xrvpavr^aaL -Ijpero el tl irapayyeXXoL - 6 8'
€7n<TT7Jcrd, elire koI Xeryeiv eKeXevcre irdcnv ort rd lepd
KaXd. ravra Sk rai Bevo<f>C.vr, Xeyc^v dop^ftov ^Kovcre,
5 Kavripero rL, 6 Oopv^o, ely^. 6 8^ KXeapxo, elneu SrL
crvj^uvi^a napepxera, hevrepov ^8r) Sea r^j. rd^ecv. Kal
edavp^a^e Kvpos tl, irapayyiXXet, Kal ^pero 6 n etrj rb
i
u
It, ■
202
liKADiNii ;,a;.s.syw.
K.po, a.,,^.,, ^^',^Xa Se^o^a.' re," i^r,, " .al Wo
10 ecrrc.. ravra 8 «W «, r^. airov ^d.pdu d,rrj\av.,..
,e W -t ""•";■"""""""■'• '■'"'■ ' '""iv 1,1, Ih.,.,:t ,,,,r»l,i.,„
:. ;„,":,';; T""'" T-"" """•''•■■• -"" ««-=^- kUx« .tv.
No. 52, Zeds 2wt},p ^a( N^/ct;.
liEGULAU VEHlim IN MI, Bcifc
7- o oe
U TOVTO
— TJpCTO ;
'liit'sMon,
/lov.sc). — .
iO% tlirtv :
(jiving it
VVflL.
203
LESSON LXXVII.
Regular Verbs in MI, 6€iKvii|ii.
JL\!T) '^"- '"'J"^^'-^^"'"' ^'f ^J'^' l'^-««-»t system of 6c(.
1 ^;, </if6r, 111 7.)1. No socoiid Hoiist of SeUvOfii occurs.
Ki-ad and note the fclIowinL' in oxvAurifu.,. r.f fi
^...ea :;;,:;, 'wr:::ir:;:;rn;:;.t 7-"i - - - -
by vv. '^ ^' "^ ^" ^'"^ verb skMri increjiscd
.t, . to SccKvv, .u,<l the tlurd person plural of the present erwls in B,rt.
• • I '•« Hnbjnnctive and optative are forn.ed as in verbs in ca
-:ibi;:st c::rt s:r^'' "^^^ ^"- ^--^^> ••"-- ^^ -^^
6 The active participles 8«kv^s and 8t5s are declined 8aK..\ 8e...C.„
5«K.w, genitive 8«..vVro., S«K.1cr,., 8...,,Wo., efc
7. The second aorist middle does not occur.
713.
VOCABULARY.
appoint; mid., «e«/yr</i one's views,
declare.
Air-6X\v^i, ries^roy wWer/y, kill; mid.,
witli second perf. act., pemA, die,
be lost.
'Air«J\X«v, uvos, 6, Apollo. No. 53.
ficfKvvK.!, (5«,c), 8€£|«, 28€i5a, 8«.ixo,
8«€iY|iai, ^8€(xeT|v, show.
8^p«, 8€pa), i'8«ipa, 8^8ap^ai, I8dp7jv (cf.
8^8v^ai,«iJeT]v, make enter; intrans.,
en^er.
204
UKGVLAli VERBS IN MI, heUvvfit.
4k-8<p«, Htri]) off the akin, flay.
iv-Uia, put on, clothe oncseifin.
4iri-8«(Kvv|Ai, show to, exhibit, disdonc.
«Op(o-K« (f,V), €Vp^O-«, TjJpOV, TliipHKa,
TjUpti^oi, T,ip<0t,v, flnd, discover;
mid., flnd for oneself, procure.
KpC^dwC^l {Kpf^la), Kp€|Jl«, ^Kp^^oO-O,
Upni.6.(r9r\v, hang up.
Mopo-vSs, 01/, 6, Marsyas, a satyr.
No. G.*J.
«\Xvm (6\), 6\ii, jiXio-o and ciXd^Tjv,
o\«\€Ka and «\«\o, (ics^roy, /ose,-
mid., Willi .swoiid pcrf. act., /jcnsA.
6'nvU(ii {dfx, 6^lo), onoO^oi, <2fio<ro, Ofi«&^o.
Ktt, ofKinofioi and 6fi<6jAo<rfioi, w(i<seT)v
and wndo-etjv, sjoear, <aA.e a^i oath.
^iiiSfe£i^K:^£«
No. 53. Apollo flays Marsyas.
714. ^ 1.^ <{,roS.«^;,^rai oj ^aWas ndvre, y„,iar,P Sn
Mxv o.« ecrrac. 2. rov. duSpa, airoi,, oh i^wr. dno\„.
K^Kare.^ o. oi 8^ i^Xlrai roi MeW.-09 i7roXu<f>0evTe', Kal
ov bvuap.evo, ^ipdv to akXo crrpdr^vij^a dn^kovro. 4 Kal
o.7roT,j,6vT., Tk, K,4,akk, rS,„ v,KpS,„, ineSecK^vaau rols
.avro>^ TToXe^coi^. 5. rol, ^acrl^- iZ^Uvv^au o n S.o.
"T": J",- ''''^""^" '^'V^^"' 'AtoWo,.. .VSer,,ac Map<7vaV
Kac ro h,pp.a Kpip.daau 7. K<i^r,u Se S^i^d, a.Voro .V.„
<rK,,^,,Touai dTTfTTopcv^,,. 8. Kvpos rbu B^pi^a eVeSO
, a satyr.
roijy lose;
't., perish.
ra, o(i(tf)io-
an oath.
JP OTL
ITToXoJ-
L
/cat
^ T0t9
t Scot
ocrvdu
CiTTOV
nEGULAIt VJ^Jlins IN MI. Sec'KvdfiL.
205
racr.. .o.e.ra. c. roi .eS^V rcS. 'EXX.Vo.. .al rL /3ap^dpL
715. 1. ircreupon he expresses his opinion. 2. After hin.
-otW rose np, pointin. <,ut what nH.st\,e d<,ne. ^
::; la ' rv'^ ^^"^^■^'- ^- '^^^-^^^ i-^ - their ii
plates and ordered arms. 5. Many (,f the heasts r.f ].,.. i
perished. "^ ^^ nl I,urden
710. The Greeks charge on the Run, and the Enemy take to Flight
EXX,...^ef...^a, , ^e>o. n r,^ <^a'Xayyo,, .6 ^.oXc.
10 EXX^.c., c^oc. S^ aXX.'Xot, ^^ Bel. Sp6^., aXxCv ra'fa
- r • ;jr:r:.™:^- ^ .t ;vr ".?;™'> -"
following dative, ,,ee 8o7^t« L """' "', "" "■""'""■ l''"'' '>>»
™-/.-/ (genitive '.b.o,„,t 5. «T,f;;;;r,r:;v' "■' "'^ ''■'•"■''"■"■
^««.>.V.), literally /,,//„„. ,,„„; / ^^ M ' T """ •""■'"■" ■^"'''""-" <™«
See .87. 3 and 4. - n, KafX-Ts /^l^T'^T l'''™f ''' '" °' '^'"'■
;«-(«««).--7.wo..dativeof.,,„i„4:„,;,^r':p;^''-;;;^?
at
ill
206 SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM WITHOUT TENSE SUFFIX.
LESSON LXXVIII.
Second Perfect System without Tense Suffiz.
717. A few verbs have second perfects and pluperfecte
formed without tense suffix, after the analogy of verbs in ;..,
the personal endings being added directly to the verb stem.
718. Learn the conjugation of the second perfect system
witliout tense suffix of iVtihii in 792.
710. 1 The indicative singular does not occur. lo-rcSs (for k^ara-^.^
BaL ?R^T ^^^I;^ jr« f^'-"'^ i" the second perfect without suffix. Thus,
Pa^vo, (^a) r;o, fieftaac, the, have gone, participle /?e/?oi. ; Ov^Vku. ^Bav), di
reevaa. ke,are dead, participle re^.eci. ; 8^8.a (8e),fZ (c/. 8c8 J)
8cSia(7i, //i^y /ear, participle ScStoij. ^-^ oeooi^a;,
720. Here belongs also the irregular verb in /.., otSa (IS,
e^S) know, a second perfect with present force, formed without
reduplication, the pluperfect (as imperfect) being rjSrj or jjSeLu.
721. I^earn the conjugation of otSa in 793.
722.
VOCABULARY.
ApKds, dSoi, 6, an Arcadian.
KoCirip, conj., although, used with the
concessive participle.
fii«reo.<()opi, ay, i, {cf. ^Liaeo-<p6pos), pay.
olSa, cto-ojAai, know, know of.
oCxonai, olx^o-ofAai, pres. with perf.
force, have gone, be gone.
irpO'BiaPaiva, cross first.
wpo-cXovvft), ride fonoard, push on.
ir<i, adv., yet, up to this time (enclitic).
<rv^|iaxfo, as, i, {cf. aifi-fxaxos), al-
liance.
o-iv-oiSa, share in knowledge, be con-
scious.
UFFIX.
iperfects
)s in /At,
tem.
system
e-OTTa-o)?)
wTos, etc.
- Thus,
Oav), die,
Bf8oiKa),
Ua (IS,
vithout
h on.
mclitic).
cos), al-
be con-
SSCOND PERFECT SYSTEM WITHOUT TENSE SUFFIX. 207
_ 723. 1. oiK cV« 5 „ ,roc«re. 2. o£ U a'XXo. i,rraaav,
anopovvr., ro. npay^arc} 3. ol .o\c>.ot ov« .V„V,' J
xa.nep «8or„ 5„ .VI ^aWro. aVo.ro. 11. oj a^ IxXo
8e.8^o., e<.r„.a.. 12. <.^.o.8a ydp ^^av.^ ;.aWa' #J
^^A i '^'"^^ '"''^ *"* *^ S™«™ls kne,v this. 2 Be
assured that they will follow you. 3. They were standi!
among the trees. 4. Whether, then, I shall do wh t tfust^
taS r* TA ' ^"^ ""' """"^ '« s«' ^-"'g ti"'^' - ™^;^
take me and inflict punishment on (me). "^
JrX2tl\^' T' ^.''?-^ ^'-- -^^ ^«- Promsea (487, 3
a ^;. some (815). Here m the second member we have a fnlL
expression ot' AotTrot', the rest, for oi' Se' other. 4 v-.ri-.oJ - I
course <^fios\ Tk • • , x, ~ i'articiple in indirect dis-
course (6.8) The original thought was Kvpo, r^OurjK. (;?r.sv perfects
« Infinitive in indirect discourse MGO^ Thpir th il .T}'~
o;X- ^ .„.a#.,.„-, „ .,42. J^ D tive t' owZ ' '''"""'
r ,,.:n _/,.,, /o/.n\ - . ' i-'ativt. lOliOWlIlir Trein-nnni
^ itnc Obey ^oQOy—- Accusative oi specification r834^ 8 m^, r ." —--/-«*,
The participle i. in i„aireot di^eouL («.'8). i'o ^^.T^^;;' ^VsoT'''
208
HKA 1)1 Nd LKSSON.
No 54. Persian Charioteer.
726. The King's Chariots are useless. Cyrus on the Alert.
povro, rd 8^ Kal 8ta r^v 'FAX>;Va>., Kei^d y^v,6xc.v. ol 8'
ene^ npotSoceu, hdcrravro- Kal KareXrj ; Orj re, a^anep iv
Lmrobpo/JLO) e/cTrXayet? • ^at
5 ovSeu fiepTOL ovSe tovtov
iraOelv i(f)aa-av, ovS' aXXo?
TU)v 'EWrjvcov dp ravrr) rrj
ixaxx) enadev ovheU ovSei,
nk-qv inl TO) evcovvfio) ro^ev-
10 Orjpai TL<s i\4yeTo. Kvpo<; S*
6pa)v Tov^ "^XXiqva^s vlKa)PTa<;
TO Kad'avToi^, Kal StcJ/co.ra9, ^So>6^o9 Kal TrpocTKvvo^
e^VX^V ^^coKeLp, dkXd iTrefj^eXelro S tl nocyjcrec fiaac-
15 Xcv9. Kal ydp iJSa alrhv 6tl /xeVo^ ixo^ rov Uepcr.Kov
o-rpaTevfjLaTo^.
""oZl^m ^; '"'.^r*™' ■■ '■'■ "' ^e enemy. - rd ,iv . . . rA « : some
uianusl? -Vr' Zr- «•""*"" f°"»«ng the adjective signifying
want (850), _ o. 8< : „„,; rt.y, ;.,. the Greeks. - 3. «w.l wpot6o..v, iXrra.ro
ZZ1,T-: "'"'"•': fj ■'""' '"""' "»"■".'/ o>,, optative in general supposii
on(5a8,o>_Kar.X^+e,.«<KwXn.(,: o.e Greek ,eas cat,;,, ,„ k.Zon-
,,eruaUon. He was " rattled " and failed to get out of the way I _ 4. ,al
. . . .+»,„ : „„,; J,,,, ,■„/„,, (,„; ^,-^„^^_ ,j^^ ^^.^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^
a»i, harm. For the emphatic negative expressed by the accumulation of
negatives, see the note on 016, 10. Cf. the next line in ,i. • ,
,, , . , , ' I./, iiie next line U). tIs : a smr/le
il.:."; ■ °'^' ' T " ■"'"'(■'•''•'■'• ^^- """-™'' *"''«'"« ■■ participles' „
idnect discourse (Oos)._i.,. .j.^^^, ,p.,«„„o«,„„ ^ ™„L;,. parti-
' , " vf ' V'r '•': °''' * • "•" "■<^" "'<■" ("'"». ""'/«■ "'«« c7Vou».,to«c«).
- 10. b6« ..rov irv .xot : Inew him that he had, i.e. knew that he had.
UUiEUULAH VElilis IN MI, <j>,^^,i, dfxi,
el/jLi.
201)
a>9
some
LESSON LXXIX.
Irregular Verbs in MI, <|>ti^i', dj^f, cThli.
72<J. Certain iini)ortant verbs follow the analogy of reirular
verbs in ^t in the present and second aorist systenis, bnt are
more or less irregular in formation. Some of them lack the
seeond aonst system entirely. In their other systems, so far as
these -ccur, they follow verbs in «.
rJilr ^^T' *.^'' ^'«"i"ff'^tion of ct,iiHLi. €l,i(, and cTjii in 794,
71)0, 700, and review IGO, 108, loo, 407.
728.
VOCABULARY.
oir-€i}Ai (tTfxi), go off or aioay, depart.
ttfii (ia), 2<ro(iai, be.
ctjii (0, go, proceed, march ; pres. indie.
with fut. force, s/tall go.
2ir.€i|Ai (elfii), go or come on, advance,
make an attack.
KOTa-Kjio), burn down, burn up.
Kp£o-is, ewy, i, (cf. Kptvw), decision, trial
irpd-«ini (dfii), go forward, advance.
p4w (pi/), ^€tio-0|jioi, ^ppv^Ka, 4ppv7]v,
Jiow.
oraXirttft) {(Ta\iriyy), i<r6\tnyia, blow
the trumpet. No. 55.
vir-OTrT€vw, iir-oirrcvo-w, iir-(iTrT€v<ra,
{.TT-WITTCVeTlV ((/. fi^o/xat), SUSiiecIt,
apprehend.
¥p<^ (0ep, o/, ^»/e,c, ivejK), ol'<r«, ^Jve-yKO
and Tiv«7»<ov, 4v^voxo, 4v^v«Y^ai,
TJv^xOilv, dear, ftringr, carri/, produce,
endure; xaXerrws 0^pw, be troubled.
<|>Ti|iC (0o), <j)Vi<r«, k'4>Ti<ra, say, dec/are,
4>Xvap£a, ds, 7^ (c/. <f>\vap4w), nonsense;
plur., 6osA.
XaX€ir»s ((/. xa^c7^6J), painfully, with
difficulty.
720, 1. dXy iyc;, (^^^t raOra <t>Xvdp[d<; elmt-^ 2. Trapi
Kv/,ou o^8el9 aTrry'a 7r/>^5 ySao-tXea. 3. /caUVeU'o-aXmyfe^,^
li
210 IIUiKai/LAIi VKHns in mi, (l)y^t\ elfJLt, elfii.
injjea-ap. 4. ovto) yap dmovTes da-cfiaXw^ dp dnCoLfiev.
5. c>ot, c3 dpSpe^s, Odofievo) Uuai ^ inl /3a(nXea ovk iyiyveTO
Ttt Upd. ^ 6. dvhpe^ o-TpaTLwrat, firj ^au/>tafere on xctXcTTw?
(t>€poj Tols wapovo-L irpdyixaaiv} 7. Sta /licVou Sc tov
napaSeto-ov ^el 6 MatapSpo^ Trora/xo?- at 8^ 7rr;yat aurov
datp cV r^i; ^acTiXeCcou/' 8. t^ 8,^ TrXoIa oi^ro? Trpotoii/ Kar^-
K^vorep, Lpa fiT) KOpo? SLaftaCr] top worafiop. 9. i/Ci^ fiep
oZp dmre:' KaTokiiroPTe^ roVSe top dpSpa - varcpop Se
irdpeo-Te npos ttjp Kpicrip. 10. /cat ov (jida-tp leWt,' eaj;
/^^^ rt9 ^ai^ot? XPW^ra StSoJ. 11. oi 8^ i^TraJTrrcuoi. /cal
Toi?rr J 5/6/ca auToi/ Xeyeti/, o>9 fi^ ne^jj idvres t^v tS^v jSap-
fidp<t}v Tt X'^P^^^ KaKov ipyd^oLVTo.^
730. 1. Let us go to the men. 2. They made the attack
with a great shout. 3. / say, therefore, that you ouglif to
cross the Euphrates. 4. But (while) saying this, he heard a
noise 9 going through the ranks. 5. They went frequently to
his headquarters and demanded their pay.
Notes. _i <^?;/xt takes the infinitive in indirect discourse (4G9). — 2 /.g.
the trumpeter. — ^^for going. Construe with oIk iyiyvcro, tvere not favor-
able. The infinitive expresses purpose (401, 7). — ■» Dative of cause (806).
— 6 It would be more natural to say cV roi'i y8acriA«oi9, but the speaker
has in mind the flow of the living water /rom the palace. — « Imperative
•'say they loill not go. They said, oIk i>v. — s For two accusatives after
verbs of doing, see 839. — » Use the genitive (846).
731. The King begins to move, and Cyrus charges.
#cat TTdpT€<; 8* ot T(op fiapfidpcjp dp^oPTe^ fxeo-op exoPTe's
TO avTo^p rjyovPTat,, vop.il^opTe<; ovTm ip da-(t>aX€(rTdTa)
elvai. /cat ^ao-tXcvs 8t) t6t€ fiicrov €x<^v Trj^ avrov arpa-
lTLOl,fl€P.
yiyveTO
e Tov
I avTov
>P KaT€-
'VV fJL€V
pop Se
7 '^
tt, €.av
fou /cat
•1/ fiap-
attack
ghf to
leard a
ntly to
— 2 I.e.
)t favor-
e (8G6).
speaker
itive. —
38 after
liEA DIN a LESSON.
211
(OVT€<S
TTarct)
arpa-
na9 6>ai9 efw eycWo toG Kupou €va)uvfiov K€paTo<;. incl
6 8' OuScU aUTW €>aX€TO cV ToC duTLOV ovS^ ToU aVTOV
T€Tayfi€POL^ ifXTrpoa-Oep, incKafiiTTev m ct? KVKXaicnv.
ivSa S17 KGpo?, Scto-d? /iT7 omcrdev yev6^€vo^ /caraKoi/zctc
TO 'EXX>^i/tKoV, cXauVet ai/rto? • /cat ifi/3aX(hp aw toU
efa/coo-iot? ^t/ca tou? tt/oo /BacnXecoq Terayixcpovs Kal ct?
10 (l>vyrfu iTpexjte tov^ cfa/cto-;^tXtou9, ,cal diroKTelvaL Xeyerat
auT05 T]7 eavroO xet/Jt ' Xpraydpa-qv tov dpxovTa avTS>v.
NoTKS. — 1 . ,i<o-ov . . . ^lYoOvrai : i.e. they always coiniiiaiid th(Mr own cen-
tres.— 2. oCt«s : thm, repeats the thought of /LteVov £>vt« t^ airoi,/.— 4v
d«r<|>oX.«rTdT4,: m the safest ( posit ion). ~ '.]. Kal Pao-i\«is . . . Ji^«s ; /Ae king
acamlinrj/i/ (Srj) on this occasion held (concessive partieij.le, 495, 0) the centre,
but stilt, etc. — 5. aiToO : with tfnrpoaOtv, in front of him (80G). — 6. M-
Ka^irriv . . . KiiKXcoo-iv : he wheeled ro«m/- (literally aryam.sO, as if to encircle
{the enemy). See No. 50. — 8. iXavvii dvrtos : charyed to meet (him).—
11. oiris Tfi JavTO« x«ipt : himself with his own hand (806).
No. 55. The Trumpeter,
212 IRREaULAB VERBS IN MI, f,^., «e?^a,, ,>..
LESSON IXXX.
Irregular Verbs in MI (continued), l,^^,, K.t^ai, ?i^ai.
732. Learn tl,e conjugation of ^^,, send, Kri^ai, lie, and
Kaeniiai, sei, in 797, 798, and 799.
**• VOCABULARY.
*"•*'' <^^ ^*^»> 1»«tt, «lKa, €lftai, €Vetjv, send,
onapTovw (a>a/)T), d|iapTV]<rofiai, ^ap
TOV, fludpTTlKa, ^fldpTTIIiOl, T.|iapT^.
throw, hurl at; mid., rush, charge.
Kde-n^ai (^(t), sit down, be seated, sit.
a . ,, ' — '^r^' yi" 1 1 ^'■1' ^own, oe seated, sit.
e,v, ,„„ tne .nar,, ,niss, err, Oo «=,», k....,., lie, U im. He Oeaa,
wrong
d<f>-ftjni, send aioay, let go or depart
8i-«\avvw, drive or ride through.
^■irC-K€i|ioi, He upon, attack.
be situated.
XWos, ov, 6, stone.
irpo-ttj^i, send forth; mid., give one-
self up, entrust, surrender, abandon.
r 7°- t' TI S'"^--"'-"' ' eW«Vo.ra. oJ ^oX<..o.
om<T^e.._ 3. e.^a 8^ \oxdy6, n, 'A^^^aro^ auroi, L'-
Aeycrey a<^£e,.ac eavroV. 4. cfro. Sc, o"n oi« ,'^c\e K5po9
Tovs ^evy .vra^ npoeaffac, e^o^ov^-o airoV. 5. oi^ a'*toV
ccrn ^a<raer d^.r.a. ro^, e'^' eWi, <rrparc«a„/./.;„,.
6. «/>an<rro.< ,^r. jecr^a. cJ, rax^ara .VI ro d^po..
7. €^ev0e^ e^ope^^^cra.. ^/>6s mp^o, ipr,^^ou p.4ya, nph
TV ^^o\a Ke.p.„ou. 8. r5. 8^ Me.a>.o. .rrparu^Zu ^^Ka
<rx^Co.p re,, 0.5 etSe KX/a/j^o,. 8«\awo^ra, f,,<r. r^ dHur,'
Kai ovTO's fiev avrov^ ■nuaortv nWr.. %i \:a..i „' > .> >
eiTa iroAAot, Kpavyri<s yevop,i}m.
and
IRREGULAR VERBS IN MI, Irjfic, Ketfiai, '^fiat. 213
735. 1. Straightway they rushed into the boats. 2. He
says he will never abandon his friends. 3. But crying out,^
" I see the man," he rushed upon him. 4. The enemy wei^
encamped in the open road. 5. They surprised the guards
sitting round a fire.
Notes.— 1 The dative follows iirtKeiaovTac (865). — 2 Dative of instru-
ment (866). _ 8 The genitive follows verbs signifying to hit or miss (845).
* Sc. lri<TL 6 ClTTftJl/.
736. Cyrus attacks the King in Person, and is slain.
0)5^ 8* yj Tponr) iyevero, hiacnrdpovTaL /cat ol Kvpov
iiaKoo-LOL^ els to Sl(ok€lv opfiTjaavTes, TrXrjp trdvv oXCyoL
afx^^' avTov KareXeKJ^diqa-av. aw tovtols 8e (op Kadopa
fiaa-LXed /cat to dfiff)' eKeivov <TTl<fio%' koX elncov, ''Top
5 dvSpa 6p(^" Uto eV avTov /cat Tratet /cara to (TTipvov
/cat TLTp(0(TK€L Sid TOV OotpdKOS ' TTaiOVTa 8' aXTTOV dKOV-
Tt^ct Tt9 TraXraJ viro top 6<t>eaXfihp ygtatw?. /cat ipTavOa
ijidxopTo /cat fiacnXevs /cat Kdpos /cat ot a/i(^* a{n-ov<s
vnep iKaTepov /cat Ta>p fxkp dfifi fiacnXed dnSp-DcrKop
10 TToUot, Kvpos 8^ auT09 dnSape /cat 6/c7w ol dpiaToi tS>p
Trepl avTop €K€lpto in avTw, ovt(os ovp iTeXevTrjo-e
Kvpos, dpTfp (^p Uepa-wp twp {xeTd Kvpop top dpxalop
y€POfi€pa)P fiaaiXiKcoTaTos re /cat dpxeip dftw7aro9.
NoTL^. — 2. cts t6 8i(iK€iv : in pursuit. Cf. 674, 8. - -.rX^v : here a conjunc-
tion, except. — 4. o-t£<|.o8 : the king's immediate attendants, who now rallied
round him in a compact body (o-7i0ov) for his protection. — 6. airiSv :
i.e. Cyrus. — 12. Utpa-Qv . . . ycvoji^voiv : the Persians meant are those of
the royal line born (yivofievtav) after the time of Cyrus the Great.
214
PLAN OF THE BATTLE.
1 --^ 3
III
IV
" nimiEEEiiiEHii]
n
11
-_18
ZD
10
I. -First position of Cyrus facing down stream.
II. -First position of King facing up stream.
III. -Second position of King facing down stream.
IV. -Second position of Greek Troops facing up stream
1. Paphlagnnian Cavalry.
2. Greek light-armed Troops.
3. Greek Phalanx.
4. Native Troops of Cyrus.
5. Position of Cyrus.
6. Cyreian Camp.
7. Position of King.
8. Troops of Tissaphernes.
9. Troops of Gobryas.
10. Troops of Arbaces.
11. Hill.
12. Cunaxa.
The dotted lines indicate the scythe-bearing chariots, posted in front of the Persian
forcas in both armies.
No. 56. Position of the Troops at Cunaxa.
APPENDIX.
Containing Materials for Use in the Preceding Lessons.
Contraction of Vowels.
737. 1. Two vowels which can form a diphthong simply
unite in one syllable. . ^ fj
Thus, cv^^eV, cVt (747-749); Kp4ai, Kpia. (747); d\r,e^i, dXriOct (752).
2. Two like vowels (i.e. two a sounds, two e sounds, or two
sounds, without regard to quantity) unite to form the common
long (a, T], or (o).
Thus, f^vdd ^va (742); ^oUr}re, uo.firc (782); 8^X6., 8,,X« (783).
Exception : Kpcaa, Kp^a (747). ^ ^
a. But €-f-€ gives €t, and o + o gives ov.
Thus, -.^cre noulr. (782); .v>ce, ««p«, rpcrjpee,, rpt^p^.s (747-749);
aA,^ce, aX,0a, oA.^ec., dXr,eas (752); 8,A<Jo^c., 8,Xov^.v (783); .o'o., vo4
(/4J), a7rAoo9, d^Xovs (751). ^ /' > »
3. When an o sound precedes or follows an a or an e sound
the two become «. '
(747); 8,X„^.,8,Xar.(783); W., ,..4 (782); rp.,^.W, Tp.,pa. (747);
cu\,i;f€a)i/, aXT|9ov (752). ^
216
CONTRACTION OF VOWELS,
a. But 0-f € and €-j-o give ov.
Thus, S);AocTc, 8tj\ovT€ (783): vo'e, vov r74o\. ^„, '
4. When an a sound precedes or follows an e sound, th&
tot (m order) prevails, and we have o or i,.
Thus, Tlfiint, TvfAn, Tludrrre, TiiiaTi (781 V nn,n .«™
aV„a, ^m (747, 748); a,oI, AX,e<, (J^. ' ' ' '^' ^'"W"' ^'"'i'^.
5. A vowel disappears by absorption before a diphthong
begmnrng w:th the same vowel, and c is always absorbel
«m (782), «„,„„, ..p,t,, ,p,,^.,,,^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^, dA,L., 4^^t;
6. In other cases a simple vowel followed by a diphthona !»
contracted with the first vowel of the diphthong, and a foUow!
ing I remains as iota subscript, but a following « disappears
.oJot? "'"^"' '"^' ''""""'"' ""*"• "'^»' «"«' "Z'-'. «^a (781V
JTOieovo-i, iroioiwi, iroiei;, iroifl (782). l«l'^lo^;,
«. But in verbs in oa, o + «i and o + t, give ot.
Thus, StjXott, S^Xot, Si;Ao9, SiiXot (783).
*. Infinitives in «tv and o«v contract into Sv and o«v.
Thus, Tr,xa«v, Ti^v (781); Sr,X6civ, i,,Ui, r783).
Vowel Declension, eveiy short vowel before a. or before a lon^
vowel or a diphthong, is absorbed. See 742 ; 75° ^
reaularlv to\ IV;' "' ", "'" "" "'"'^''"''<''' «S is contracted
regulaily to t) (after a vowel or p. to a). See 742 ; 751.
CHANGES OF CONSONANTS.
Changes of Consonants.
217
738. 1. The only consonants which can end a Greek word
are v, p and s. If others are left at the end in forming
words, they are dropped. See 251; 253; 254.
2. Initial p is doubled when a vowel precedes it in forming
a compound word, and after the syllabic augment.
Thus, dvappWu, (d.d + f>tnr<.y, gppi^rov (imperfect of ^Ur<o).
Mutes before other Mutes.
3. Before a r-mute, a u-mute or a K-mute is made c^rdinate
(8); another T-mute becomes a.
altTrT. ^ ' ^' '^'^^ ^^^" ^'''' '^'^ ^«^-' -^— (220, 1). Se^
4. Before k, a T-mute is dropped.
Thus, dOpoi(o), TJepoiKa, dpTrd^u), TjpiroKo (113).
Mutes before S.
5 A ir-mute with <t forms x|/ ; a K-mute forms | ; a r-mute
IS dropped.
" ^^""'^oI^T'- '^'*'''"' ^''*'**'*' ^^'^'^^' *^"^"' *^'"«'*' "P'^'i^-, -P-Acro,,
r:"^ ^' A"-, X^X«^a. (209, 1); a>, ^^a. (217, 1); W^., W.c..a
(220, 1). See also 243, 250.
Mutes before M.
6. Before p. a ir-mute becomes |i ; a K-mute becomes v •
a T-mute becomes cr. '
(22M): ^""' ^''"''" ^''^^' ^^' "^"' ^''*" ^'^^' ^)' '^«'^'^' -^--»*-
218
CHANGES OF CONSONANTS.
N BEFORE OTHER CONSONANTS.
7. Before a ir-mute v becomes ^ ; before a K-mute it becomes
Y-nasal (10); before a r-mute it is unchanged.
Thus,^^Mur« (eV + ^cVro>); <rv,iPovXc«« r^^iv + /8o.>.,-Ja,) ; <rvuA^p«
(crw4-0€/,(o); <f>aivi^, W<|>aYKo (625); «^aiva>, ^ < . .{59).
8. Before another liquid v is changed to that liquid.
Thus, o-vXX^Y« ((rvV + Acyo)); W^v« (eV + ^cVo.); <n,pp4« ((rw+^e'o,).
9. Before cr, v is generally dropped, and the preceding
vowel IS lengthened (a to a; € to ei; to od). But v is
dropped before <rt of the dative plural without lengthening
the vowel. * ^
10. Before <r and a consonant, v in avv is dropped.
Thus, o-voPTpaT£vo^iai(o-vV+o-rpaTcuo/>i«0-
11. The combinations vr and vO are dropped before <r and
the preceding vowel is lengthened, as above (9).
Thus, y^po,., ,^pova-c (P51); xap«.s (for xaptevr-s), .as (for .avr-.);
irct<ronoi (for TTCv^-o-o/Aat). See 262.
Changes of 2.
12. Between two consonants or two vowels, <r is sometimes
dropped.
.oofo? ^'"''/^'♦•' (209, 2),; a'y^, ?xe. (217, 2); «»„, ,<,„rf.
See 395 • 428 ''^^^"■"^>'' •'P*"^ ^^^^ K^^aa-os), d\^0ovs (for ciA^^etr-os),
and
CHANGES OF CONSONANTS. 219
13. At the beginning of a word, "an original cr sometimes
appears as the rough breathing.
Thus, I'o-Tij^i (for (TL<TTr)iMi); 2,ro,iai (for (rcirofiai).
Changes in Aspirates,
14 When a smooth mute (ir k t) is brought before a rough
vowel, It is itself made rough.
Thus, d<J)tT„ii (for dTT-iVO; A+' «Sv (for dTr^ (5v).
15. In reduplications, an initial rough mute is always made
smooth. "^
Thus, Ov(t), riQvKo. (106).
16. '^he ending Oi of the first aorist imperative passive
becomes ti after Gti of the tense stem.
Thus, XverjTi (for XvOrj-Ot).
17. There is a transfer of the aspirate in a few verbs which
are supposed to have had originally two rough consonants in
the stem.
Thus, Tp^4>« (rpei> for Ope<f>), Bpi^o., e/c.;-0d,rT« (ra<f> for ^a</>), Ir&^y.
No. 57. fidppapou
220
NOUNS.
[780
51
739.
PARADIGMS.
NOUNS.
A Declension, Feminines.
8. N. V.
O.
D.
A.
COINTUV.
X<Sp«
X"pSs
X"P«f
X<*>pSv
crrpoTiji, ij, KwnT], ij,
AKMY. VII,LAUK.
I>. N. A. V. \&pR
p. N. V.
O.
D.
A.
X««poi
Xwpwv
X<4pais
X«pSs
740.
S. N.
o.
D.
A.
V.
D. N. A. V.
O. D.
P. N. V.
O.
T>-
A.
vcSvlSs, d,
YOUNG MAN.
vcfivCSs
vcSvCov
vcSvCqi
vfSvCav
vc5v(a
v<Bv(5
vcSvCaiv
vcav^ai
vcSviwv
VcSViCiiS
v<Sv(Bs
o"TpaTiii
o-rparias
CTpOTiql
(TTpariiiv
o-rpariii
(rrparialv
(rrpariat
tTTpariuv
crpariais
o-rpaTids
K(tff«,T]S
KWfiS
Kwfiaiv
Kciap,ai
K(i)p,(tfV
KUfiais
KcofjiSs
TENT.
o-KTivfi
O-KTJV^V
o-KT|vaiv
•y<<j)Cpa, t;,
MKinUE.
'y^<t>vpa
'yc4>vpS$
yt^vptf.
yt^^paiv
OAXaTTo, 1/,
SKA.
OdXarra
SoXdTTTJS
6oXdTT||
OdXarrav
©oXdrrtt
OoXdrraiv
A Declension,
irrpaTi(6TT)s, d,
SOLDIKR.
orTpaTK&rtjs
O'rpaTit&Tov
(rTpaTiwrg
(rTpaTl(OYT)V
<rTpaTi<5Ta
OTpaTlWTB
OTpaTK&raiv
(rrpariwrai
o'TpariwTuv
o-TpaTti<^Tais
O'TpaTlt&TfiS
arKT|va( Y^<)>vpat
OdXarrai
o-Ktjvwv Y«i>vp(av
doXarruv
o-Ktivois Yc4>vpais
0aXdrTais
<rKi)vi£s ■y€«j>?5pas
6aXdrr5s
3CULINES.
itcXtoo-t^S, d,
n<p<rTi$, d,
TAHGETEER.
PERSIAN.
ircXToa-T^s
Ilipirr\i
ircXTOo-Tov
Uipa-ov
iriXTewrT^
n^poT,
irjXTao-TVjv
Tlip<ni\v
ireXTo<rTd
Tlipa-a
irtKroka-rA
ircXTairTaiv
ir€XTa<rTa(
ircXracTcov
ircXTacTois
ircXraiTTiis
n^po-5
n^pcraiv
n^po-at
Hcpcruv
n^pcais
IKptrtts
P. N. V
o.
D.
A.
[789
742]
IfOUNS.
221
741.
Declension.
iXaTTo, ?;,
SUA.
iXarra
aXdTTTjs
Dl\dTT||
liXarrav
iXdrrB
iXdrraiv
IXarrai
iXaTTWV
iXdrrais
iXdrrBs
<p<rTi$, 0,
ER8IAN.
liptrov
I^poTi
Iip<rt\v
liptra
Upva
Upo-aiv
I^po-ai
Icporwv
r^po-ais
Uptrtts
3. N.
O.
D.
A.
V.
D, N. A. V.
Q.D.
P. N. V.
O.
O.
A.
X6yo8, 6,
WOKI>.
\6yo%
\6yov
X6y<p
X^YOv
X«$Y«
XdYM
XdYoiv
X<Syoi
Xd^MV
Xdyois
X6yovs
olvos, 6,
WINE.
otvos
oi^vou
otv<p
olvov
otv<
Otvb)
oKvoiv
otvoi
OtvMV
oCvois
o)!vovs
dv0pwTros, 6, 17,
MAN.
avOpwiros
dvOpi&TTOV
dvOpwirip
AvOpUTTOV
£v6pci)n-«
&v0pwirci>
dv8p(6iroiv
avOpuTTOi
dv0p(uir(i>v
dv9p(6irois
dv0p(iiirovs
i8ds, 17,
K()AI>.
^868
dSoO
68^
6B6v
6U
68<&
68otv
6So(
oouv
6801s
680V9
8wpov, t6,
8ti)pov
8wpou
8<op(p
8(i>p0V
8wpov
Scapu
8wpoiv
8iopa
Supuv
Supois
8(opa
742. Contract Nouns
OF THE O AND A DecLENSI
vovs, 6,
MIND.
8. N.
(pSoi) voOs
0.
{v6ov) vov
D.
{p6(f) v$
A.
(pdov) vofiv
V.
(y^c) voO
D. N. A. V.
(v^w) V(&
0. D.
(»'6oii/) voCv
P. N. V.
(viSot) vot
0.
{v6uv) vwv
D.
(v^oty) vols
A.
(i/ious) vovs
MINA.
(Mi'cto) |iva
(fivdas) fivds
(MJ'£i«t) )iv$
{/Avdav) (tvdv
(lUJ'tio) |iva
(M^fio) (iva
(MJ'dot;') lAvaiv
(M^ffot) nvot
(fipaup) fivwv
(M^tiatj) (tvais
ONS.
EARTH.
(7^5) Yn
(7(?os) vfjs
(7^?) Yfi
(y^ap) Yfjv
(7«?a) Yf}
2r:2
NOUNS,
[748
Consonant Declension.
743.
Labial and Palatal Mute Stems.
THIEF.
8. N. V.
K\(&«|f
O.
K\(i>ir-45t
D.
KX(i)ir-(
A.
KXwir-a
D. N. A. V.
kXww-c
O. D.
kXmit-oiv
P. N. V.
KXonr-cs
O.
kXwit-uv
D.
KX(i>t|/{
A.
KXwfT-as
4»«Xa|, o',
GUARD.
<)>«Xa|
<)>vXaK-o$
<|>t(iXaK-i
<^i)XaK-a
4>vXaK-c
(^vXdK-oiv
<^vXaK-(s
(t>vXdK-(i>v
<t>vXa|i
<t>vXaK-a$
4»dXoYt, 77*,
PHALANX.
<{>dXa-yg
4>dXaYY'0S
<{>dXa'YY-i
(^dXttYY-ci
<)>dXaYY-c
<|>aXdYY-oiv
4>dXaYY-cs
({xiXdYY-tov
<|>dXaY|i
<{>dXaYY-as
8i«pvf, t;,
CANAL.
8l(«ipv)(-0S
8l(i)pvx-l
8i(&pvx^>a
8iwpv\-c
8»(a)pv\.0lV
8i<&pvx-cs
Siwpvx-cav
8i(0pv(i
8i(&pux-as
744.
Lingual Mute Stems.
S. N.
G.
D.
A.
V.
D. N. A. V.
G. D.
P. N. V.
O.
D.
A.
NIGHT.
WKT-6S
WKT-t
viiKT-a
viKT't
VWKT-Otv
Vl»KT-€S
VVKT-COV
V^KT-OS
a<rirCs, ?;,
SHIELD.
dcirCs
do-TrtS-os
d(rir(8-i
d<rir(8-a
d<nr(
d(rir(8-c
dirirtS-oiv
do"ir(8-<s
dcrirCS-uv
z / _,
d<rir(8-as
fipvis, 0, TJ,
BIRD.
£pVlS
£pvi9-os
£pviO-i
£pviv
fipvis
6pvl9-t
opvi9-3w
opvtO-oiv
OpVliTl
SpviO-as
Y^pwv, d,
OLD MAN.
yipoiv
yipovr-09
yipovr-i
Y^povT-a
Y^pov
Y^povT-c
Y<p<ivT-oiv
Y^pOVT-€S
Y(p6vT-a>v
Y«pov<r
Y^povT-as
dpjio, t6,
CHARIOT.
&p)ia
&P|Aar-os
&p|iiar-i
&p|iia
&P)ia
&p|jiar-c
dpiidr-oiv
&p\i.ar-a
dpiidr-wv
&p|icuri
lar-a
P. N. V
o.
A.
[743
5i£pv|, 7;,
CANAL.
iiwpvx-i
ii«pvx-a
iwpv\-c
kwpvx-oiv
i<&pvx-<s
l<DpVX-WV
l(0pv(i
k(&pux-as
746J
746.
8, y.
O.
D.
A.
V.
D. N. A. V.
6. D.
P. N. V.
O.
D.
A.
dYwv, d,
CONTEST.
dycov
dY'*»'-os
dycSv-i
dyMV
dYwv-«
dYwv-oiv
dytSv-cc
dYwv-Mv
dYt5(ri
dYwv-as
NOUNS.
Liquid Stems.
TJY«H«v, d,
GUIDE.
iJYCHwv
iiY<|i6v-a
iJYCfJiwv
TJY(fJidv-<
■i\y(\k6v-ow
r\yt\iAv-t%
iJY(H<iv-<i>v
TJY(|i<i<''t
iJYi|i<Sv-as
228
MONTH.
HTjv-C
tii]v-oCv
^^T«p, 0',
OHATOR.
^'^Tcap
^^TOp-0«
^'^TOp-l
^^Top-a
l^f^TOp
(W)T6p-0lV
^T)r6p-ttv
^^TOp-O-l
^VJTOp-OS
746.
pjio, t6,
HARIOT.
P)ia
P|Aar-os
P|jiar-i
i|Aar-c
>|JldT-OlV
>(iaT-a
•(idr-uv
•|ia<ri
jiar-a
iroTi()p, d,
FATHER.
8. K.
irarAp
G. (iraT4p-os) irarp-ds
i>. (iraT^p-i)
irarp-C
A.
iraWp-a
V.
irdT€p
D. N. A. V.
iraTtp-«
G. D.
iroWp-oiv
P. N. V.
irarip-t%
0.
irar^p-uv
I>.
iroTpd-o-i
A.
iraWp-as
Syncopated Liquid Stems.
l*^Tt,p, ,;',
MOTHER.
H^TTJp
(mt^P-os) p.i)rp-<Ss
(f-rtTip-i) ntjTp-f
ftTjWp-a
|*<lT€p
|*ijWp-oiv
|iriT^p-€S
r-i--r '»"■
fitjTpd-cri
»*nT€'p-OS
dvVJp, d,
MAN.
dvVip
(dv^p-oj) dvSpHSs
{dvip-i) dv8p-C
(di/^p-o) dvSp-a
dv«p
{&v4p~€) iv8p-«
(d»'^/j-otj') dvSp-oiv
(dv^/»-€j) av8p-cs
{av4p-wv) dv8p-tov
dv8pd-<n'
(Avip-a%) dv8p-as
224
747.
«vpo«, t6,
liUKAUTH.
S. K.
fvpot
O.
{tvpe-os) «{}povs
o.
(ct;^e-t) c{;p<i
A.
<j)pos
V,
<{Spos
D. N. A. V.
(cupe-e) (iipti
O.V.
(ti//)^-otJ') cOpoiv
P. N. V.
(cu/je-a) «{JpTj
G.
tvpi-av riip&v
D.
iipt-a-i
A.
{(vpe-a) fOprj
NOUNS.
Stems in cr.
TUIltKME.
Tpi/jprj*
(rptTjpe-oj) rpi^povs
(T/stTjpe-i) TpiVjp«i
(T/3tT)p«-o) Tpi^ptJ
Tpif^piS
(T/»i)pe-c) Tpllf)p<i
(rpiripi-oiv) Tpi^poiv
(TptT)pe-€j) rpi^pcis
(Tpmjpi-wv) rpi^pwv
TpiV)p(-<ri
Tpi^jpcis
[747
Kp4a«, t6,
MEAT.
Kp<tt«
(xp^a-ot) Kp^ws
(Kp^a-() Kp^ai
Kp^as
Kp4a«
(wp^a-a) Kp^a
(/cped-(i;i') Kp<wv
Kp^a-cri
{Kpia-a) Kp^a
748.
Stems in i and v.
^^1
ir<SXis, 17,
irfixvs, 0,
&rTv, t6,
ixetfs, 6,
^H|
CITY.
FORE-ARM.
TOWN.
FISH.
^H
S. N.
ir6\i-s
irflxv-s
&m>
IxWJ-s
^^H
G.
ir6Xc-a>s
IT^X'-WS
owrrc-ws
IxOv-os
^^H
D.
(rr6Xe-t) irdXci
(TT^Xe-i) -n-^X"
(do-TC-t) OO-TCl
IX^v-i
^^H
A.
ir6Xi-v
irfjxv-v
OWTTW
IX^w-v
^H
V.
ir6Xt
T<iX«
Ami
ixetJ
^H
D. N. A.V
. (Tr6Xc-c) iriXtt
(7n}x€-e) ir^X«i
{i(TTe-e) fio-Tci
ixev-e
^H
G. D.
iroX^-oiv
mrix^-oiv
do-W-otv
IxOv-oiv
^H
P. N. V.
(7r6\e-ej) irdXcis
(7r7}xc-cs)/ir^X«iS
(dffTC-a) currrj
lxOv-€s
^H
O.
ir6Xc-(av
irfjx«-«v
OO-TC-WV
lx6v-<i)v
^^H
D.
A..
ir6X€-<ri,
ir6Xci$
IT'/JXC-O-t
ir^X*'-*
atrrc-o-i
(fio-re-o) Gurrt)
•
tvfiti.q-L
ixeos
1
[747
740J
Jf^OUNS.
It, t6,
iAT.
S) KpivS
Kp^at
ixetfs, 6,
FISH.
lx6v-os
IxBv-'t
IX^w-v
txOv-c
lx6vi-oiv
lxOv-€s
lX0v-<i)v
IvOu.o-L
IxOvs
7411.
8. N,
O.
D.
A.
V.
KINO.
Pao-iXcv-t
^ao-iX^.wf
^atriX^.S
^ao-iXcO
Stems In a Diphthong.
O. N. A. V.
O. O.
^a<riX^<
Pao-iX^-oiv
^' Pao-;X<-a8
PoO,, 6, ,',
ox, cow.
Po€.s
Po-6s
PoO-v
pofi
Po-otv
P6-€S
Po-tov
Pov-ar(
Pov-s
<)I,I) WOMAN.
■ypaO-s
Yp5-6s
Yp5-t
YpaO-v
YpaO
Ypa-«
YpS-otv
Ypd-«8
Ypa-wv
Ypav-o-t
Ypav-t
225
voOt, -},
vaO-t
V«-«tff
VTJ-C
vafi.y
vaO
vf|.,
v<-otv
VC-WV
vav-a-l
vaO-8
226
ADJECTIVES.
ADJECTIVES.
[750
760
Adjectives
OP THE Vowel Declension.
dyaOds, good.
&|lOS, WORTHY.
M.
p.
N.
H.
F.
N.
S. N.
o.
D.
A.
V.
d^aOds
dYaOoO
dyaOio
&.ya96v
&ya9i
d-yaO^
d-yaOfis
dvaefi
d^aO^v
d-yaO^
6.ya96v
d-yaOov
d^aO^
aya96v
dyaOdv
a|ios
d^Cov
d€i<s.
a|iov
d^CS
dg(as
dg(av
d|ta
a|iov
d$(ov
dgCcp
a|iov
a|iov
D.N. A. V.
G. D.
d-yaOw
d-yaOoiv
6.ya9i
dYaOw
d-ya0oiv
d|Ca>
d§Coiv
d|CS
d|(aiv
dgCo)
d|{oiv
P. N. V.
O.
D.
A.
d^aOoC
ayaBuv
d^aOois
d-yaOov's
aya9aL
dYaOwv
d^aOais
d-yaO<is
dyaOd
d'yaOuv
d^aOois
d-^aOd
dgCttv
d|(ois
dgCovs
d|((0v
d|(ais
d|(as
d^Cois
d|ia
761. Contract Adjectives of the Vowel Declension.
XpvOrOVS, GOLDEN.
M.
F.
N.
8. N.
(xpiffeoi) XpiJo-ovs
iXpwia) XPvo-^i
(Xpi5<J'€oj») xpv(ro€v
O.
(xpva^ov) xpvo-ov
(XpCiTi^aj) XP^O"*!*
(xpver^oi;) xpv<rov
D.
{Xpva^v) XPv<r$
(Xpvf^?) XPvo-^
{Xpvffiip) XP'Jo-?
A.
{xpiffeov) xpvo-ovv
(X/jOtr^av) XPVO'^v
(XP<)(reo>') xpvcrovv
D.N. A.
(Xpvffiu) xpww
(x/)V(r«?a) Xp5«ra
(x/JVff^w) xpv<ru
G. D.
{xpmioiv) xpv<rotv
(XpCff^aiJ') xpvcraiv
(x/JWff^tc) xpvo-oiv
P.N.
(xpj'ffcot) xpv<roi
(x/5i)<rcat) xpv<rat
(XpiJffea) XPvo-d
O.
(XpOff^wi') xpv<r«v
(xpvffiuiv) xpvo-wv
(XPVffiwv) ypvo-tSv
D.
(xpw^otj) xpv<rois
(XpvfT^ats) xpvirais
(Xf <r^otj) xpwo-ois
A.
(xpvo'^ovs) xpvo-ovs
(x/JW^av) xpvcds
(xp«)<rca) xpvo-a
D.
[750
751]
ADJECTIVES.
227
dirXov$, SIMPLE, SINCERE.
HT.
N.
&|iov
d£(<p
O^lOV
&|iov
d|(oiv
S. N.
O.
D.
A.
D. N. A.
G. D.
' P. N.
G.
D.
A.
M.
(a7rX6os) dirXovs
{dv\6ov) dirXov
(oVX6v) d7rX<p
{oVX6oi') dirXovv
{dirXbu) dirX(&
(oV\6ot»') dirXoiv
(a7r\(5ot) d-irXoZ
(a7r\6a»i') dirXwv
(a7rX6otj) d-rrXois
{dirXbovs) dirXovs
P.
{iirXbti) dirXfJ
(aVXdijs) dirXfls
(a7rX677) dirX'Q
(a7rX677J') dirXfjv
{dir\ba) dirXa
(aVX6ati/) dirXaiy
(aVXiai) dirXat
(aVXAwj/) dirXwv
(a7rX6ais) dirXais
(aVXidj) dirXds
N,
{dir\6ov) dirXovv
{dirXbov) dirXoO
(o7rX6v) dirX$
(aTrX^of) dirXovv
(o7rX6w) dirX(o
{dirXboLp) dirXoiv
(oVX6a) dirXo
(aVXAwv) dirXwv
(dir\6oi<i) dirXois
(oTrX^a) dirXd
d^((i)v
d$U>is
dpYVpOVS, OF SILVER.
ION.
r.
) xpvo-o€v
» XPvo'ov
Xpv(r$
I XP^<''*>''V
Xpv<rco
') XP^*''®^*'
Xpv<ra
') ypvirtSv
) xpvo-ois
Xpwro
8. N.
O.
D.
A.
D. N. A.
G. D.
P. N.
O.
D.
A.
M.
((ip7i5/)eos) dp^vpovs
(dpyvpiov) dpyvpov
(dpyvpiif)) dpYvp^
(dpyiipeov) dpyvpovv
(dpyvp^u) dp-yvpjo
(dpyvp^oip) dpYvpoiv
(dpyiipeoi) dp^vpoi
{dpyvpiuv) dp^vpuv
{dpr)fvpioi%) dp-yvpois
{dpyvpiovi) dp-yvpovs
P.
{dpyvpia) dpYvpd
idpyvpias) dp^vpds
{dpyvpiq) dpyvp^i
{dpyvpiav) dp^vpav
(dpyvpia) dpYvpa
(dpyvp4aiv) dpyvpaiv
{dpryipeai) dpyvpai
{dpyvpiuv) dpYvpuv
{dpyvp4ai%) dpyvpats
(dpyvp^ai) dpYvpds
1 Ay//A ...■/.
N.
{dpy<)p^Qv) dpYvpovv
(dpyvp^ov) dpYvpov
{dpyvp4(p) dpYvp$
{dpy<jpeop) dpYvpovv
(dpyvp^w) dpYvpw
{dpyvpioiv) dpYvpoiv
{dpyipea) dpyvpa
(dpyvp4u)v) dpYvpwv
{dpyvp4oii) dpYvpois
{dpydpea) dpyvpd
No. 59. Attic Obol.
I
m
228
ADJECTIVES.
[762
752. Adjectives of the Consonant or Consonant and
A Declensions.
Xop(€is (xa/jtevr), pleasing.
iros (ttoj/t), all.
S. N.
O.
D.
A.
V.
D. N. A.
G. D.
P. N. V.
O.
O.
A.
M.
XoipUvTos
XaptcvTi
XapCcvra
XopUv
XapCcvTc
Xapi^vToiv
XaptcvTcs
XapicvrMv
Xap(c<ri
XapCcvras
F.
\o.p\.ia-a"t\%
XapUo-oTi
Xap^cro-av
XapCco-o-a
XapicVora
Xapi^o-craiv
XapCco-irai
Xapi,c<ra<5v
Xapi^o-o-ais
Xapi^<raas
N.
XopUv
XapUvTos
XapUvTi
Xap(cv
Xap^v
XapUvre
Xapt^vTOiv
XapCcvra
X api^vTwv
XapUvra
M.
iras
iravTds
iravT(
F.
irao-a
*•
irov
*o"tjs iravT^s
TTooTi iravT{
irdvTa irao-av irdv
irdvTts , ira<rai irdvra
irdvTwv Trao-wv irdvTcov
ira«ri
iraorais
CKWV {iKOPT), WILLING.
iraai
irdvras irocros irdvTa
H-^OS (MeXof), BLACK.
S. N.
G.
D.
A.
V.
M.
CKWV
Ik6vtos
€K<SVTI
iKdvra
CKMV
D. N. A. V. CK<Svrc
G.D. iKdvroiv
p.
CKov<ra
CKOV(rT)S
CK0V(r[|
CKOvcrav
CKOvo-a
CKOVCS
N.
ck6v
CKivros
€K<SVTI
ck6v
CKtfv
M.
(lAavos
fiAavi
fji^Xava
fi^Xav
F.
fi^Xaiva
|icXa(vi]s
ticXaCvxi
fi^aivav
ft^Xaiva
N.
(i^Xavos
(i^Xavi
(Ji^Xav
(x^Xav
P. N. V.
o.
D.
A.
^ovrcs
{K6vr<i)v
^KOVO-l
j„j
cnvrTas
€KdvT€
cKovVaiv €k6vtoiv
lKov(rai iKdvra
€KOV(rMV Ik^vtuv
cKowVais iKovo-i
cKov'o-Ss CKovra
ti.^Xavc (AcXofvo (A^Xavc
lAcXdvoiv (AfXatvaiv (uXdvoiv
|i<Xavcs n^aivai
licXdvMv lifXoivcSv
fi^ava
ficXdvuv
(L^oo-i |A«Xa(vais u^ao-L
|*<Xovas )icXa(v5s i^lXava
s.
D.
P.
[762
752]
ADJECTIVES.
229
€v8o£n<av {evbaifiov), fortunate.
dXtjO^S {dXrideff), true.
irov
iravrds
iravrf
irav
M. F.
N.
S. N. f
G.
D.
A.
V.
cvSafftov
cii;Sa£|Aovos
cv8a(|iovi
cv8a(|iova
cv8ai|iov
cvSaCfiovos
cv8a(|iovi
cv8ai|iov
c^8ai)Aov
D. N. A. V
G. D.
■ cv8a(|Aovc
c()8ai|i<$voiv
cv8a(|jiovc
cv8ai|A6voi.v
P. N. V.
(iSaCfiovcs
cvSa()j.ova
6.
D.
A.
cv8ai|j,(iva)v
cvSaCfiocri
cv8a(|iovas
cvSa(.|i6va>v
cv8a()iO(ri
cv8aC{iova
M. F.
(d> 77^^-0 j) dXTjOovs
(dX7;(9^-i) a\r\9tl
{a\rid^-a) dXtjeii
dXrjd^S
(dXrjei-e) dXijeet
(dXl7tf^-O(;/)dXtJ0otv
{a\r)e4-€i) dXtjOcis
(dX7;^^-w»') dXT]Ocov
dXrjO^o-i
dXt]6cis
N.
a\r\9is
(dXy^e^-os) dXtjeovs
(d\r)e4-l) dXiieei
dXT)0^s
dXTjOds
(d\i7^^^) dXtiOet
(dX77^^-o(j')dXtjeoiv
(dXridi-a) dXrjefJ
{d\r)ei-wv) dXti9«v
dXT|e^o-i
(dX77^^-o)dXtiefl
8. N.
G.
D.
A.
V.
^8vS (li5u), SWEET.
M.
T|8vs
^8^0$
^Svv
n.N. A.v. {-fiSi-e) ^Sft
r. N. V.
o.
D.
A.
^8^0>V
f| 8^0-1
N.
t|8€ta ^U
T|8€£as T|8^os
^8ctav '^Sii
T|8«ia ^^
^8€Ca (ii5^-c)^8€t
^8cCaiv TjS^oiv
T|8€ioi ^Ua
«8«ta>v ^Umv
^8c(ai$ ^8^<ri
l8«(o$ j|8^a
r\ht<itv {qSlov), SWEETER.
M. F.
N.
^8tci)v
'^8fov-os
^8tov-i
T|8tov-a, T|8tA>
^8tov-c
T|Si<iv-oiv
TJ810V
T|8fov-os
T|8t0Vl
TJ810V
'^Stov-c
T|Sl<5v-0lV
T|8fov-€s, T|8fows T|8fov.a, ^8t«
T|ot6v-«v T|8idv-«v
Ti8too-i f,8to<ri
T|8fov-os, T|8fows T|8tpv.a, ^8f«
^j
3.*
280
ADJECTI VES. ~ PARTICIPLES.
[763
763.
Irregular Adjectives.
S. N.
o.
D.
A.
V.
D. N. A. V.
G. D.
r. N. V.
o.
s.
A.
GREAT.
M.
ii-iyas
|iC7dXov
fic-ydXc
lACYdXw
fMYdXoiv
ruydXoi
fJKYdXuv
fUYdXois
(iCYdXovs
(JicYdXi)
jiCYdXijs
lif-ydXt)
tMYdXTjv
lACYdXT)
ficydXa
(iCYdXaiv
(MvdXai
fMYdXcov
(icydXais
(M^dXas
N.
Myo.
iuy&Kov
(icydXcp
ti.(ya
(iCYdXo)
{xcYdXoiv
(MYdXa
|iCYdX(i)v
(JiiYdXois
IMYdXa
M.
iroXvs
iroXXov
ToXX^
iroXvv
iroXv's (ttoXu, ttoWo),
MUCH, MANY.
F. N.
iroXXi^ iroXv
iroXXfjs iroXXov
iroXXfi iroXX$
iroXXi^v iroXw
iroXXoC iroXXal
iroXXwv iroXXwv
iroXXois iroXXais
iroXXovs iroXX^s
iroXXd
iroXXwv
iroXXots
iroXXd
764.
S. N. V.
G.
D.
A.
PARTICIPLES.
\vt»v (Xvovr),
LOOSING.
M.
F.
N.
Xw»v Xtfovo-a Xfiov
Xt;ovros Xvov<rT|s Xifovros
XvovTi XvovoTi XlJovTi
Xvovra Xvovo-av Xvov
D.N.A.V. XtfoVTt XvoWB XtfoVTC
G.D. Xvdvroiv Xvovcraiv Xv6
VTOIV
P.N,
c
'' A.
XwovTjs Xvovo-ai Xvovra
Xvdvruv Xvovo-wv Xvdvrwv
Xuovo-i Xvovo-ais Xvovn-i,
Xvovras Xvo^aBs Xvovra
Xvo-as (XOorai/r),
HAVING LOOSED.
M.
F.
N.
Xvo-Ho-a Xvo-av
Xtforas
X^o-ovros \v<ri<nis XiJcravros
Xvo-avri Xvo-iloTi Xvo-avri
Xvo-avro Xvo-So-av Xvo-av
o-avr« Xvo-iio-a Xt^cravrc
X^i
Xvo-dvroiv Xvo-^o-oiv Xvodvroiv
Xvo-avr€s Xvo-oo-oi Xvo-avra
Xvo-dvT«v Xvo-oo-wv Xvo-dvrojv
f^vo-Siri, Xvo-ao-ais Xvo-ao-i
Xvo-avras Xvo-do-os X^o-avra
[763
)X\o),
r.
N.
TToXw
iroXXou
iroXXw
iroXv
iroXXd
iroXXwv
iroXXois
iroXXd
N.
}(rav
i
icravTi
><rav
<ravT€
(rdvToiv
ravra
rdvTwv
ra<ri
ravTtt
756]
PARTICIPLES.
231
XcXvkJjs (KeXvKor),
HAVING LOOSED.
M. F. N.
8. N. V.
G.
D.
A.
XeXvKiis XtXvKvta XcXvKds
XcXvKdTos XcXuKuios X«Xvk6tos
XcXuKdTl X«XVKV(<;1 XcXvKdTl
XcXuKOTtt XcXvKVlOV XcXvKOS
Xueifs {XvOevT),
HAVING BKEN LOOSED,
M.
F.
N.
D.N.A.V. XcXuKdTf XcXvKwto XcXvKdxt
G. D. X«Xwk6toiv XeXvKvfoiv XcXvKdTOlV
P. N. V.
D.
A.
X€Xvk6t€s XeXvKvioi XeXvKdra
XeXwK<5T«v XeXvKviwv XeXvKdTcov
XcXvKdo-i XeXvKvfois XeXvKdo-i
XcXvKdras X«XvKv(as XcXvKdra
XvOeis Xwe«to-a XvO^v
Xve^vTos Xv0€(o-iis Xve^vTos
XvO^vTi Xv0«(oTi XvG^VTl
Xve«vTa Xv0€i<rav Xv0^v
Xv0^VT€ Xve€£<rO Xv0^VT€
XvG^vToiv Xve€fo-aiv Xve^vToiv
Xue^vT€s Xve€t<rai Xve^vTtt
Xve^VTtOV XveiWWV Xve^VTWV
Xi>0«t<ri Xv0€£<rais Xv0€l<ri
Xv0€'vTas Xw0€(«ras \v9ivTa
766.
Participles of Contract Verbs.
M.
Tifiwv (Tt/xa-ovT),
HONORING.
*■• ST.
iroiuv (iroie-ovr),
DOING, MAKING.
8. N. V.
o.
o.
A.
Tijtwv Tln.«<ra Tifiwv
Tl(J.«VTOS TijlWcnjS TiHWVTOS
Tip.divTl Ti|i(i<q, Tin«VTl
Tiftuvra TifAwo-av rifitav
H.
iroiuv
N.
D.N.A.V. Tin5vT€ Tl^^fro. Tl|Jl<SvT€
O. D. Tin<ivTOlV TintSo-aiV Tiflt&VTOlV
P. N. V.
G.
D.
A.
TinwvT€s Tt|ji«(rai TinwvTa
TIHWVTWV Ti(Jl«<r«V Ti|i<&VT«V
Tin«<ri Tiniio-ais Tin«o-i
TiiAwvTas Tin(&<ros Tin«vTa
iroiov(ra iroiovv
iroiovvTos irotovo-tjs woiovvtos
iroioOvTi iroioiioTi woioiivTi
TToioOvTa iroiovo-av iroiovv
iroiovvTc iroioiora iroioOvre
woiovvTOiv iroioiio-aiv woiowvtoiv
iroioOvTcs iroLouo-AL «.«.-.i
woioOvTwv iroiovo-«v ITOIOVVTWV
ffoiovo-i woiovo-ais iroiovo-i
iroiovvras iroiovo-as iroiovvra
232
756.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
200
900
400
500
600
Cardinal.
els, |iCa, 'iv, one
8vo, two
Tpcis, Tp(a
T^TTOptS, T^TTapO
irt'vTe
H
tirrd
OKTW
ivvia
S^Ka
ifvScKa
SuScKa
rpcio-KaCScKa
TCTTapctrKaCScKa
'ircvrcKaCScKa
CKKaCScKa
CTTxaKaCScKa
oKTUKaCScKa
cvvcaKaCScKa
cVkocti
els Kal cCkoo-i, cICkoo-i
or cCkoo-iv els
TpiSKovra
T€TTOpdK0VTa
ir«vTi^KovTa
c^ViKovra
C^So|Jl'^KOVTa
©■ySoi/JKovTa
€V€V^KOVTa
CKardv
8i.aK6(ri,oi, -ai, -a
rpiciKdo-ioi, -ai, a
TcrpaKdaioi, -oi, -a
TTeVTaKoif fcoi, -ai. -a
(£aK<i<rioi, -ai, -a
NUMERALS.
NUMERALS.
OUDINAL.
irpwTos, -T|, -ov, first
ScvTcpos, a-, -ov, second
Tplros
WTOpTOS
"ir^liirTos
ilKTOS
<ipSo|ios
oySoos
cvaros
S^Karos
I cvS^Karos
SwS^Karos
Tplros Kal S^Karos
T^TttpTos Kol S^Karos
ir^lAirTos Kol S^Karos
Hktos Kol S^Karos
iip8o(ios Kal 5€KaTos
SySoos Kal S^Karos
cvaros Kal S^Karos
ctKoo-T6s
[766
Kal els,
rpiaKOo-rds
TtTTapaKOO-TOS
ir€VTTjKO<rTds
cfTjKoo-rds
cP8op,T]KO(rT6s
OYSoTjKoerrds
4v€vt]koo-t6s
€KaTo<rT6s
SiaKoo'ioo'Tds
TpiaKo<rio(rT6s
TCTpaKoo-ioo-rds
ircvraKOo-ioo-Tds
c|aKO(rioo-T<Ss
Advekb.
Airal, once
8£s, twice
TcrpdKis
ircvrdKis
c|dKis
eirrdKis
OKrdKis
cvdKis
ScKdKis
cvScKdKis
SwScKdKis
clKOO-dKlS
xpiaKovrdKis
TCTTapaKovrdKis
■JTtVTTlKOVTdKlS
c|T)KOVTdKlS
cP8op,T]KOVTdKlS
07S0T]K0VTdKlS
CV€V1]K0VTdKlS
cKarovrdKis
SiaKOo-idKis
N
G
D
A
[766
757]
700
800
900
1,000
2,000
3,000
10,000
20,000
100,000
Cardinal.
^TTTaKiio-ioi, -oi, -a
OKTaKdo-ioi, -oi, -a
4voK<5<rioi, -ai, -a
XtXioi, -ai, -a
8t<rxtXioi, -ai, -a
rpiorxtXioi, -ai, -a
H-wpioi, -oi, -a
8i«r|Avpioi,/ -ai, -a
ScKaKio-ftvpioi, -ai, -a
NUMERALS.
283
Ordinal.
Adverb.
JirraKoorioo-rbs
OKTaKooPioo-rds
'
^vaKO(rioo-T<Ss
XiXiO(rT6s
8i<rxiXio(rTds
\l\i&Kl9
TpKTxiXioo-Tds
H-vpioo-Tds
llllAI jC t^»m.
757. Dkolensiox of the Fiest Foub Cardinals.
SINGULAR.
N. €ls |i(a Jfv
G- «v6s (iias evds
A. <va fi(av <v
DUAL.
N. A. 8i>o
o. D. 8votv
PLURAL.
N. Tp«lS Tp(o
G. rpiuv rpiwv
». Tpi<r£ Tpi<r(
^- rptls rpLa
PLURAL.
T^rrapes Wrrapa
T€TTdp«v Tcrrdpuv
WrTapo-i, r^TTap<ri
Wrrapos Wrrapa
No. 60. Ath
ena.
234
ARTICLE. — PHONOUNS.
[763
No. 61. Ze«5j.
DEFINITE ARTICLE AND PRONOUNS.
768. Article. 769. Personal and Intensive Pronouns.
S. N.
O.
O.
M. K. N.
d T| t6
TOV Tfjs TOV
T$ Tfi T$
T<5v T^V t6
D. N. A. rw T(a T(&
O. D. TOIV TOIV TOiv
I P.N. ol al rd
' O. r&v T«V T«V
'. D. TOIS Tats TOIS
\ ▲. Tovs Tlis rd
i\kOVy )iOV (TOV
iv-^l, fio( a-o(
v&
v$v
f||iUV
jfiHas
0"i
v|icis
i «
VfJllV
v|ias
ol
i
<r(|>cts
- -J
cdtas
M- F. N.
avrds ovT^ avrd
avTOv avTT]s aitrov
avT$ air^ avTM
avTdv avr^v ovt6
avT<& avrd avrcS
oiroiv avraiv avrotv
avPTot avraC avrd
*»^t*vr UV'IWV ttVT62V
avTois avrais avrois
avTovs avT^s aird
,/
[76v3
761]
PHONO UNS.
235
760.
M.
S. G. {|JiaVTOV
!>• cp,auTu
A. J|iaVT(iv
Reflexive Pronouns.
F.
cfiavT^
r. G. ^(tfiv ovTwv T|(iwv a*Twv
i>. tjulv airois Tjniv avrais
A. fjnas avTovs t||xos ovt^s
U.
ccavToO
<rcavTu
ft
trcavrdv
F.
M.
P.
o-eawTf^s o-avTov o-avrf^s
o-cavT^ or cravr^i o-avrfj
<rcovT^v o-avrdv o-avr^v
w(i«v avTMv h\t.&v avTwv
,yHiv airois Cjaiv ovrais
«jxos a«Tovs vnas avrcis
■TOUNS.
N.
avrd
aiirov
avTu
avrd
avTio
avTotv
avrd
CLVT&V
avTois
adrd
M.
s. o. lavro{)
!>• cavT^
A. cavrdv
p. o. javTttv
i>. JavTots
A. (aVTOVfi
761.
C. O. D.
A.
P. G.
D.
F.
JavTf)s
lavrfj
lavri^v
JavTuv
cavrals
JavT^^S
N.
JavToO
JavT^
javrd
iavr&v
lavTois
iavrd
M.
F.
N.
or
or
avTov
avT^
avrdv
avT'f^s
avT^]
avT^v
avroi)
avrip
avrd
avTuv
avTois
avTovs
avTwv
avrais
avTiis
avruv
avrois
avrd
Reciprocal Pronoun.
M.
aXX^Xoiv
aAATJAWV
dXX^Xois
dXX'^Xovs
F.
dXX^Xaiv
dXX^XS
dXX^Xttv
dXX^Xais
dXXi]Xas
dXX'/jXoiv
dXX'/jXta
dXX^XcDv
oXX^Xois
dXXT]Xa
236
PRONOUNS.
[762
762.
Demonstrative Pronouns.
M.
OVTOS
F.
W.
OVTOi
avrai
TavTa
TOVTWV rOVTiDV TOVTWV
TowTois Tavrais towtois
T0WT0V8 ravrSs ravra
M.
P.
N.
F.
w.
oCn| rovro
roitrov TavTT)s tovtou
TOVTip TOVTTJ TOWT<p
toOtov ravniv tovto
TOVT« TOVrw TOVTU
TOVTOIV TOVTOIV TOVTOIV
»8« {jS« r68(
T0V8« TfjO-Sf TOvSt
•ffiSf TfjSf T$8«
TdvSi T^vSl Td8«
T<S8« r(&8f rw8(
To£v8€ rotv8c toiv8«
ot8< at8( T(i8<
T«v8€ Tcav8< Ta»v8€
To£o-8€ Tai(r8« Tot(r8(
Tov<r8c rAvit Td8«
Ikcivos Ut{.vy\ Utlvo
UdvOV ^KC(VT]S <K€£V0V
UtLvif iMiv^ 4k€(v<p
<K€£vov <K<(vT)v Uiivo
Utivia <Ki(va> ^KcCvia
<K€£voiv Ikc^voiv ^K<{V01V
iKilvoi ^Kctvai JKciva
UiLvtav ^K((va>v UtLvtav
^Kifvois Ik«£vois ^Kcivois
4k«(vovs €K€£vas 4k<£vo
763.
Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns.
M. F.
N.
M. F.
K.
8. N.
r(t
t(
O.
D.
A.
t(vos, tov
Tfvi, T$
t£vos, toO
Tfvi, T$
D. N. A.
G. D.
t(v€
tCvoiv
t£v«
t(voiv
P.N.
O.
O.
A.
TtvCS
rCvwv
T((n
t(vo$
T(va
rLvtav
T(va
Tls
Tl
Tlv6s, TOV
TIV<JS, TOV
Tivt, TCJ>
TlvC, T<^
Tivd
rl
TIV<
TIV<
TIVOIV
TlVOtV
TIV^S
Tivd
TivSi'
TIVUJV
Ti<r(
TIO-C
Tivds
Tivd
[762
764J
PRONOUNS.
237
764.
Relative Pronouns.
Utivo
i 4kc(vov
' JMlvo
8. N.
8f
^
5
O.
0^
h
0^
D.
«
r
TJ
A.
6v
<iv
6
D.N. A.
w
O. U.
olv
otv
olv
P.N.
or
at
&
O.
wv
tav
T
wv
D.
ols
als
Ols
A.
oiSs
t/
as
&
6o-Tlf
ovt:vos, otou
«^TlVl, 6t<j>
ftvTiva
WTIVC
olvrivoiv
T|<rTlVOS
^TlVl
TJvTiva
oI'tiv«s aVrivcs
WVTlVCilV, UtWV WVTIVWV
olo-Tio-i, 8tois alo-Tio-i
ouo-Tivas So-Tivos
6 Tl
ovTivos, dfrow
(^Tivi, Srtf
S Tl
WTIV€ «5tIV«
OIVTIVOIV OIVTIVOIV
&Tlva, &TTO
wvTivwv, Jirwv
olo"Tl<ri, OT0l$
&Tiva, &TTa
N.
No. 62. Se^t^j Xa/3ety Kal 8ovvai.
\
in
238
7«5.
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
[765
S. 1
2
^
;{
i*
*3
H
•i>. 2
.'i
Q
15
J'. 1
•3
H
H
Oh
o
^4
8. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
8. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
8. 2
3
D. 2
3
p. 2
3
INFIN.
S'ARTIC.
Active.
PKKSENT.
XW€-T0V
Xv€-TOV
\V0-|ifV
Xtf€-T€
Xvovtrt
Present System of Xtf«, loose.
Middle and Passive.
IMPERFECT.
2*Xvo-v
Sf-Xvf-s
{-Xd(>TOV
4-Xurf-T»JV
<-Xuo-)i(v
<-Xd«-TC
S(-Xvo-v
PKESENT.
Xdw
X?Jt|s
x^n
XUTJ-TOV
XVT)-T0V
Xdw-JMV
XVTJ-T€
Xv(«)(ri
XvOl-)il
Xvoi
Xvoi-rov
Xvo£-TT]V
Xvoi-jwv
XvOl-T€
Xvou-v
Xvc
Xvi-rta
Xv€-TOV
XvC-TCi)V
Xu€-T€
XUd-VTCrtV
Xvciv
XOwv, -ov<ra, -ov
PIIESENT.
Xoo-)iai
Xd«i
Xd«-Tai
Xi$<-(r9ov
Xvc-(r9ov
Xvti-fuOa
Xf$€-O-0f
Xvo-vrai
IMI'EKFECT.
f-Xv<i>fiT)V
4-Xvow
4-Xtf«-T0
4-Xdc.(r0ov
^-Xu^-<r0T)v
^-Xv<i-)i«Oa
4-Xvi><r9<
^-Xdo-vTo
PRESENT.
Xvw-)iai
Xi^T,
XiJtj-Tai
Xdrj-o-flov
XuT|-or6ov
Xvu-fuOa
Xwtj-o-Ot
Xv(D-vTai
Xvo(-)AT|V
Xvoi-0
X«Ol-TO
Xvoi-(r6ov
Xvo(-(r0T]v
Xi5o(-n«0a
Xvoi-cOc
XvOl-VTO
Xvov
Xvc-(r9ov
Xu^-(r9(i>v
Xw«-o-0€
Xu^-crOwv
Xvc-o-Oai
XiJ6-(j,«vos, -Tj, -ov
I
[765
767]
SIVE.
KItFKCT.
56-
e
lOV
tir\v
l«-TO
ic-o-Oov
4-<r9r\v
f-<re<
O-VTO
INFECTION OF VERBS.
239
7<MJ.
Future System
of Xdw.
ACTIVK. MiODLK.
FUTIKK.
<
O
a
H
O
ifi
8. 1
2
.'{
i>. 2
J'. 1
2
3
8. 1
2
3
I). 2
3
Xdo'w
Xiio-ds
Xdo-ci
\v<r«-Tov
Xw<r€-TOV
Xv<ro-)iiv
Xvcrovci
I*
o
I).
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
Xv(roi,-fii
Xd<roi.s
Xifo-oi
Xvcroi-Tov
Xv(ro£-Ttjv
Xv(roi-|icv
Xv<roi-rc
Xii(roi(>v
m
is
8. 2
3
D. 2
3
p. 2
3
Xv<ro-(iiai
Xdo-fi
Xu<r«-Tai
Xocr€-<r6ov
Xvcrc-irOov
Xv(r6-|i«0a
Xv(rc-(r0«
Xv(ro-vTai
Xv(ro(-|AT)v
Xviroi-o
Xu(roi-To
Xviroi-<r9ov
Xv(ro{-(r9t]v
Xv(rot-)j,(9a
Xv(roi-<r6«
Xv(roi-vTO
INFIN.
rABTIC.
Allfrc-<vA«
Xw<r€iv
Xderwv, -owcra, XUo-d-jitvos
-ov
767. First Aorist System
of X'dm.
ACTIVK. MlODLE.
FIRST AORIST.
?-Xvcra
2-Xv(ra-s
SI-XQo'f
4-Xv<ra-Tov
<-Xv<rA-Tnv
l-Xu(ra-)i(v
«-Xworo-T«
«-Xu<ra-v
Xtfo"«
Xtfcrjit
XiJo-jj
XwTJ-TOV
Xw<rtj-Tov
Xvcru-iicv
Xv<rTj-T«
Xva-taa-t.
<-Xv<rd-|ttTjv
^-Xd<ra-To
^-Xf$<ra-o-6ov
{-Xv<rd-(rOT)v
J-Xv(rd-fi(9a
i-X\f<ro-<r0«
Xf{<rci>-|iai
XdoTj
XvoTj-rai
Xd(rt)-(rOov
XvoTj-irOov
XU(r(i)-|i(9a
XlJ«rTj-or9«
Xviroi^vTai
X^<roi-,Ai XOo-of-jiijv
Xv<r«io-s, Maai-s Xvo-ai-o
Xvo-«i€, Xdtrai Xvo-ai-TO
Xif«roi.Tov Xd<rai.<r9ov
Xc<ro(.TTjv Xv(ra£.<r9tjv
Xv<rai.,«v Xv<ra£.,A«9a
X^o-ai-T€ XiJo-ai.<r9€
Xw<r€ia.v,X()(7aie-t' Xvo-ai-vro
XviTOV
Xvtra-Tu
Xw<ra-Tov
Xv<ra-T«v
Xvora-rc
Xv<rd-vT«v
XOcrai
XO<rai
Xv(rd-(r9a>
Xv(ra-<r9ov
Xvo-d-(r9(t>v
Xv(ra-<r9c
Xv(rd-(r9(i)v
Xv(ra-(r9ai
-ov
Xv«ras, -o-oo-a, Xvo-d-fitvos,
-crav
-11, -ov
I! f
/ I
li
240
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
[768
768.
First Perfect System
of \vw.
Active.
FIRST PERF. FIRST PLUP.
8. 1
X^VKO l-X«XviKT|
2
•
X^XvKO-s l-XcXvKrj-s
« 3
\{KVK( ^X€XvK«l
H D. 2
X«XvKa-TOV I-X€XVK«-T0V
g 3
X«XvKo-Tov ^XcXvK^rriv
g p. 1
XcXoKO-HCV I-X€XVK€-H€V
2
X«XvKa-T« i-X€XvKe-T€
3
X«Xi}Ka<ri i-\(\vK('a-av
FIRST PERFECT.
8. 1
XcXvKM
2
XiXvK|]S
XcXvKt)
g D. 2
XcXvK1)-T0V
i ^
XcXvKT]-TOV
g p. 1
XcXvK(l>-)iCV
2
XcXlUKt]-TC
3
X(XvK(l)0-l
s. 1
XcXilKoi-)j,i
2
XcXvKOl-S
H 3
XcXvKOl
i D. 2
XcXvKOl-TOV
S '
XcXvK0(-T1)V
o p. 1
XcXvKOl-fiCV
2
XcXvKOl-TC
3
XcXvKou-v
8. 2
g" 3
H D. 2
g 8
1 P. 2
" 3
;
INFIN.
XcXvK^-vai
PARTIC.
XcXvK(&C. .KULd. -leAe.
769. Perfect Middle System
of Xv« (see next page).
Middle and Passive.
PERFECT.
X^v-}j,ai
XcXu-o-ai
XcXv-rai
X^Xv-(r6ov
X^Xv-crOov
XcXv-ficOa
XAv-o-Oc
X^Xv-vrai
PLUPERFECT.
l-XcXv-|Jlt]V
l-X^Xw-o-0
i-\iKv-<r9ov
i-\(\{i-a-9r]v
^-X(Xv-|xc6a
^X^Xv-o-Oc
^-X^Xw-VTO
PERFECT
XcXv-|i^vos
X€Xv-}i^VOS
XcXu-fi^VOS
XcXv-{ii^v(o
XcXv-|X^V(D
XcXv-|x^voi
XcXv-|ji^voi
XcXv-|A^voi
XcXv-ft^vos
XcXv-f&^vos
XcXv-fji^vos
XcXv-|ji{v(i>
XcXv-fi^vu
XcXv<-|i^voi
XcXv-|i^voi
XcXv-|A^VOl
T
CD
»
TITOV
tJtov
TJTt
<tr]v
ettjs
Ctt)
«Itov or ci!T)Tov
«tT6 «tTJT€
tUv tXr\a-av
>
►I
s
X^Xv-cro
XcXv-(r8(i)
X^Xv-<r6ov
XcXv-or0(i)v
X^Xv-<r0€
XcXv-(r8(i)v
XcXv-(r6ai
XcXv-|i^vos, -T|, -ov
O
<<
H
a.
INFIN
PARTI
r
[768
"OJ /J^i.
ystem
Perfect Middle System
')■
of \«« (continued).
K.
Middle and Passive,
ECT,
KUTURK I'ERKECT.
t]V
s« 1 XcXv(ro-)iai
2 XfXv(rci
9
> 3 X€X\»<r€-Tai
6ov
5 i>. 2 XtXdo-co-eov
9r]v
2 3 X€X«<r€-<r0ov
i6a
2 P- 1 X€Xvo-6.|ic0o*
h
2 X(Xv<rc-<r0c
3 XcXvo-O-VTCil
ro
s. 1
2
H
fc: 3
O D. 2
1 3
»^ -^
g P. 1
2
3
s« 1 XcXv(ro(-|xnv
2 XcXvcoi-o
w 3 XcXvo-oi-ro
K ». 2 XeXwo-oi-o-Oov
)r ctTJTOV
H 3 XeXwo-ot-o-fltjv.
tlVJTTJV
o P. 1 X€Xv<ro(.|ji€0a
C<It)(1,CV
2 XcXvo-oi-cOc
€llJT€
3 XcXvo-oi-vro
ittjo-av
8. 2
> 3
M
5 D. 2
« q
S J^. 2
INFLECTION OF VEEBS.
241
iNFiN. X«Xd!r€-!r9ai
PARTIC. X€Xv<ri.|l«V0S,
-n, -ov
770. First Passive System
of Xv(i).
FIRST AORIST.
i-\v9r\-v
i-XvQx]
c-Xv6t)-tov
€-Xv0^-TT)V
«-Xv6tj-r€
^-Xv0Tj-<rav
XvOw
Xv9^S
XvOfi
Xv9fj-T0V
XvO{)>TOV
XvOu-fuv
Xv0ti-T€
Xv0il)(ri
Xv0cCt)-v
Xv0c(t|-s
Xv0€(ti
Xv0€i.Tov or Xv0€(tj.tov
Xv0€f.TtJV Xv0€l^.TTIV
XV0€1-H€V Xv0c(tJ-|JI€V
Xv0ei.Te Xv0€(i,.T€
Xv0€i€-v Xv0€(i).<rav
Xw0tj-Tl
Xv0^-Tft»
Xt)07J-TOV
Xv0^-T«V
Xv0TI-T€
XvQi-vTov
Xvd^.vai
•4p
Passive.
FIRST FUTURE.
Xv0^(ro-iiai
Xw0^£r€i
Xv0^ac-Tai
Xv0^<rc-(r0ov
Xv0^o-c-o-0ov
Xii0T|(r6-)i(0a
Xw0^o-€-<r0e
Xv0V](rov-Tai
XvOi](ro(-|ii)v
Xv0i^(roi-o
Xv0^<roi-To
Xv0^(ro(,.or0ov
Xv0t)(ro(-(r0T]v
Xv0T)<ro£-)i(0a
XvOyjo-oi-(r0f
Xv9^(roi-vro
<r
Xv0i^(rc.cr0ai
Xv9i]<rtf-|tcvos,
-n, -ov
X
242
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
[771
i(
!M
H
O
H
(J
n
b
<»
>
H
o
771.
s.
D.
I).
H
IN FIN.
PAKTIC.
1
2
3
2
3
p. 1
2
3
s. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
s. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
p.
Future System of Liquid
Verbs: (f>a(v(a (0av-), show
Active. Middle.
FUTURE.
(|>avu
<j>avcts
()>av€i
<}>aV€l-TOV
<^avci-Tov
4>avov-|j,cv
<{>avci-Tc
<t>avovo-i
<|>avov-fiai
(|>avci
<j>OV€l-Tai
4>av€i-o-6ov
<|>avci-(r6ov
<{>avov-|icOa
(t>avci-(rOc
4>avov-vTai
772. First Aorist System of Liquid
Verbs : ^oivm {<pav-), show.
Active. Middle.
FIUST aorist.
^avoir\-v or <(>avoi-|ii i|>avo(-fiT)v
<(>avo '.tj-s 4>avoi-s 4>avoi-o
<|>avoCt] <|>avoi (|>avoi-To
<|>avoi-Tov (|>avoi-(rOov
<|>avoC-Ttiv it>avot-(r6T]v
(j>avoi-|Acv (|>avoC-fic9a
<j>avoi-r€ (|>avoi-(r6€
^avoU-v <f>avoi-vTO
<|>avciv
4>avwv, -ov<ra,
-ovv
<)>avci-(r9ai
<j>avov-|uvos
-TI, -ov
€-<j)TJva
c-4>7]va-s
C-({>T]V€
l-<j>T]Va-TOV
^-<}>TJvd-TTJV
^-4>ifva-|i,cv
€-<j)T)Va-T€
«-<|)Tjva-v
<J>T1VX|S
<|>TJvtJ-TOV
<j>TivT|-TOV
(|>T)V(l>-|iCV
<|)Tfv^-T€
<|>T)vci)(ri
(}>T]vai-|ii
l-(|>T]vd-)i,T)V
4-4>ifjv(i)
^-<j>T]va-Te
l-({>T]va-(rOov
^-4>Tjvd-o-9Tjv
l-(t>i]vd-)ic6a
4-<j>T]va-o-0c
C-(f>T|va-VTO
(j>T]V())-)iai
<}>TlVtl
<j>TfvTJ-Tai
<J>TivT]-(r0ov
«j>T]VTj-<r0ov
(|>T)v(&-)ic6a
<j>TJvtJ-<r9€
(|>T]V<tf-VTai
<{>T)Va(-|J.T]V
<|>T|vcia-s, ^ijmi-j <|>T]vai-o
<|>Tiv€i€, ^^rat <j>Tjvai-TO
<|>ifvai-Tov
<|>T)Va(-TT]V
()>T]vai-|icv
(|>T|Vai,-TC
4>T]vai-o-9ov
(|>T]vaC-o-9T]v
<|>T]va(-|ic9a
<f>T]vai-ar9€
<|>ifvcia-v, (p'^vaie-v <)>T]vai-vTO
(|>f|vai
4>i)vd-<r9<i>
<|>ifva-<r9ov
(^T)vd-(r9(av
<|>T]va-a-9e
<|>T)vd-o-9cov
«|>i]va-(r9ai
^vd-)wvos,
-Tj, -ov
(|>f]VOV
4>i)vd-rM
<|»Tjva-Tov
<|>T]vd-T(i)V
(j>T|Va-TC
4>T]vd-VT«V
<)>f)vai
<|»^vas, -aara,
-ov
[771
n of Liquid
V-), SHOW.
Middle.
(T.
■({>1]vd-)tT)V
<|)Tiva-Te
(}>Tjva-<r8ov
<})Tjvd-(r9Tiv
4>i]vd-)ic6a
<j>T]va-o-0€
<(>tJvo-vto
T]V(i)-|iai
n'vTj-Tai
nvT]-<r6ov
rjvTj-o-Oov
r)V(&-)ic6a
]V<tf-vTai
1va(-|i,T]v
|vai-o
|vai-TO
|vai-o-6ov
|voC-o-8t)v
|va(-|ic6a
[vai-crOc
|vai-vTO
vai
vd-<r9<i>
va-<rflov
vd-orOwv
va-o-Oc
i/d-<r6ci>v
va-o-dai
Kd-)MVOS,
ij, -ov
774]
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
HS
H
s
00
g?
H
773.
D.
P.
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
Second Aorist System
of Xctirw (XtTr), LEAVE.
Active. Middle,
second aorist.
^-Xiiro-v
S-Xiire-s
€-\iir€
i-Xltrt-Tov
i-\itri-rr\v
l-X(iro-|jicv
4-X£ir€-T€
€-Xiiro-v
D.
s. 1 Xfirci)
2 XCirns
3
2
3
1
2
3 XCiroxri
Xfirg
Xfinj-vov
XCin]-Tov
XCir(i>-|j,cv
X(in]-T€
H
o
p.
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
X£iroi-|jii
X(iroi,-s
XC-rroi
X(rroi-Tov
Xiirof-Tnv
X£iroi-ficv
XCiroi-Tc
XCiroic-v
s. 2 Xfirc
3 Xi,ir^-ro>
D. 2 XCirc-Tov
3 Xiir^-Tuv
P. 2 X(irc-T€
3 Xiird-vTwv
INFIN. Xiireiv
4-Xi'ird-|i,T)v
e-X£irou
l-X(ir«-TO
i-Xtir€-«r0ov
l-Xiir€-(r9T)v
^-Xiir6-)i€6a
^-X£ir€-<r9e
^-X(iro-vTO
X(ir(i;-)iai
Xfiq]
X(irtj-TOi
Xlirri-trOov
Xdrn-jrOov
Xiiru-|ic9a
XCinj-orOe
XCirw-vrai
XiiroC-)iT)v
XCiroi-o
Xtiroi-TO
XCiroi-crOov
Xi,7ro(-(r9T)v
XiiroC-ficOa
XCiroi-trOc
X(iroi-vTO
Xiirov
Xiir^-orOo)
XCirc-trOov
Xiir^-o'Oaiv
X{irc-o-6(
Xiir^-(r0a>v
Xiir^-o-Oai
PARTic. Xiw(iv, -ofi<ro, Xfir(S.(i€vos,
774. Second Perfect System
of XcClTM (Xtir), LEAVE.
Active.
SECOND PERFECT. SECOND PLUP.
X^Xoiira
X^Xoiira-s
X^Xoiirc
XcXoCira-Tov
XeXotira-Tov
XcXoCira-|icv
XcXo(ira-TC
XcXoCirSo-i
i-XcXoClTT)
^-XcXo(iri)-s
4-XcXoCirci
l-XeXo£ir«-Tov
^-XeXoMr^-TT)v
4-XcXo(irc-|Jicv
4-XcXoCirc-Tc
^-XcXoCTTf-irav
SECOND PERFECT.
XcXoCiro)
XcXoCirgs
XcXotirg
XcXo(inf)-rov
XeXofmj-Tov
XcXoCiTM-ftev
XcXofirrj-Tc
XcXoCiroxrii
XcXo(iroi-|Ai
XcXo(iroi-s
XcXo£iroi
XcXo(iroi-Tov
XcXoiiro(-Tnv
XcXo(iroi-)icv
XcXo(iroi-Tc
XcXo(iroic-v
XcXoiiritfSy -vCa,
•6t
.
ill
III
tf^
244
775.
M
H
o
S5
f^
p
as
M
H
H
O
D.
P.
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
s.
P.
P.
D.
2
3
2
3
2
3
INFIN.
PARTIC.
INDIC.
OPT.
INFIN.
PARTIC.
INFLECTION OF VERBS,
Perfect Middle System of Labial Mute Verbs;
Xtliru (Kiir), LEAVE.
[775
Middle
PERFECT.
(XeXet7r-/tot) XAcifi-fiai
(XcXetTT-o-ot) XAcit|/ai
(XcXciTT-rat) XAciirrat
(XeXctTT-o-^ov) X^XcMJj-eov
{\€\enr-(reov) XiXa^.Qov
(XeXenr-fxeea) XeX€(ji.|A«0a
(XcXctTT-cr^e) X^Xci<{>-ec
(XeXct7r-/ici/oi) XeX€iji.p,^voi
ct<r(
and Passive.
PLUPERFECT.
ii-\e\enr-<ro) k.\i\(i^o
(^-XcXetTT-To) i-XiKdir-TO
{i-\e\enr-<rdv^) €-X€X€£<j).et|v
(^-XcXetTT-Aie^a) ^XeXcCn-fwOa
i^-XeXeiv-ade) i-XiXti^.Qe
{XeXeiir-fxevoi) XtXciji-n^vot
T)<rav
PERFECT.
(XeXetTT-^cpoj) X€X€1(i.h,^vos tS, efc.
(XcXftTT-^eVw) X€X€l^.^l€'v« ^TOV, CtC.
(XeXenr-fxevoi) \(\(iy..y,ivoi Jlniv, etc.
(XeXeiir-fxevoi)
(XeXenr-fievu)
(XcXetTT-^tevot)
{XeXenr-<ro)
(XeXenr-aOu)
{XeXenr-ffdov)
(XeXeiir-ffduv)
(XeXeiir-ffde)
{XeXeiir-ffduv)
XeXciii-nsVos cttjv, e<c.
XcXcifi-iA^vd) elrov, eic.
XcXci|jL-|i^voi eliwv, efc.
X^Xcit|fo
XcXcC({>-0ci>
X^Xci(|>-6ov
X€Xc((f>-9a>v
X^ci<|>>Oc
XcXcC<f>-9(i)v
(XeXctir-cr^at) XeX€i<j).0ai
(XcX«7r-/te«/os) XeXeiji-^^vos, -rj, -ov
FUTURE PERFECT.
(XeXenr-ffo-fiai) X«X«(\|/o-|Aai, etc.
(XeXeiir-aoi-fxriv) XcXiMJ/ot-jiTiv, etc.
(XeXei'ir-{Ti!-iTffni\ V<V./.i.. — /i_.
(XcXetjr-<ro-/te«)s) X«X€ig/6-jMvos, -i], -ov
[775
777]
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
245
H
M
^5
776. Perfect Middle System of
Palatal Mute Verbs :
ft-yw (dy), LEAD.
Middle and Passive.
PERFECT.
s. 1 (■^y-iMn) T)Y-|Aai
2 {^y-arai) rigai
3 (^7-Tot) TJK-rai
D. 2 (^7-(r^ov) TJX-0OV
3 (riy-ffdov) ^X'Oov
p. 1 {T/y-fieda) V[y-\u9a
2 (^T-cr^e) ^X'^*
3 {■^y-/Mvoi) T|Y-)ii^voi clort
PLUPERFECT.
s. 1 ivy-M") iJY-Rv
2 (iiy-ffo) ^^0
3 (^7-To) rJK-TO
D. 2 (i^Y-cr^ov) Tjx-Oov
3 {-fiy-ffd-nv) tix-Otiv
p. 1 {rfy-fifda) x^-i-^tQa.
2 (i77-<r^e) TJx-ee
3 {iiy-iievoi) r\y-^vo\. rjo-av
PERFECT.
SUBJV. (^7-/uei'os) TJY-|ji^vos «, eic.
OPT. {riy-ficvo$) TJY-K-^vos etrjv, efc.
s. 2 (^7-<ro) ^go
3 (^7-(rew) t)x-0o>
n. 2 (T77-(r»oj') •qx-^ov
3 {-qy-ffdtav) i^x-Owv
p. 2 {i)y-<Tee) Tix-Oe
3 (^7-(7-^«i' ifX-Ouv
INFIN. (rty-adai) TJx-Oai
PARTic. {fiy-fi(vo$) TJ-y-fji^vos, -tj, -ov
No FUTURE PERFECT.
M
H
O
M
M
H
777. Perfect Middle System of
Lingual Mute Verbs:
irc(8w (TTt^), PERSUADE.
Middle and Passive.
PERFECT.
(Treiret^-
(ireTret^-
■mi)
"(TOt)
■Tat)
-(T^OJ')
-0-^0 ;/)
■/xeda)
■ade)
ir^ircKT-iiai
TT^irci-orai
ir^ir€i-<r6ov
ire'irci-a-Oov
irc-irc((r-|i«6a
(7re7r«^-/ifi'ot) ircircior-jt^voi cl(rl
PLUPERFECT.
(^-?re7rci0-/i?jj') 4-ircirc(o'-f&T)v
{i-ireireid-ffo) i-iti'itti-a'o
(i-TreTreid-To) i-ir(ir(i<r-TO
{i-ir€Trei6-cr6ov) l-ir^irci-oOov
(i-Treireid-adrji') l-ircircC-o-OTiv
{i-TreTr€i0-fi€0a) ^-ircirc(ar-|ic6a
{i-ir€r€i6-(T6e) k-iriirti-o-Qt
(i-rreireid-fjievoi) ircirci(r-|ii^voi T)(rav
PERFECT.
(ireTreid-inevos) ircircKr-iJi^vos w, etc.
{Treireid-fiepos) ir€irci(r-|i^vo$ ctrjv, etc.
{treireid-ao) triirn-a-o
{iretreiO-ffOu) ircirc(-(r8a>
(ireTreLff-ffdov) w^ir€i-o-6ov
(ireireid-a-Owp) ireireC-o-fiwtv
(weveid-ffSe) Wirci-o-Oc
{ireTreid-a-duv) ircircC-(rOc0V
{treireid-adai) ircirci-(rOai
(TreTTeiff-ixevos) ircirci(r-|ji^vos, -rj, -ov
No FUTURE PERFECT.
.-St
'il
I
iri I
246
INFLECTION OF VERBS,
[778
778. Perfect Middle System of Liquid
Verbs : crWWu (crreX), SEND.
Middle and Passive.
D.
P.
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
INFIX.
PARTIC.
PERFECT.
c(rTa\-|jiai
c<rraX-(rai
€<rTaX-Toi
«erTaX-9ov
co-raX-Oov
co-Td\-|iicOa
co-ToX-Oc
^(TTaX-fi^voi
ct(r(
PLUPERFECT.
liTTdX-JAIJV
Iv-raX-o-o
CO-TOX-TO
CCTToX-Oov
^crTdX-0T)v
^<rTdX-|ic6a
It~oX-0€
^crraX-|i^voi
ryrav
PERFECT.
8.
4(rTaX-|i^vos w, e^o.
b3
D
P.
^<rTciX-|i,^v«> iJtov, etc.
^orTaX-fiivoi wp^v, e^c.
i
H
S.
D.
4<rraX-|i^vos etriv, etc.
^o-ToX-fii^vw ctrov, etc.
1
P.
lo-ToX-iA^voi, f tjAcv, etc.
S.
2
loToX-o-o
3
^(rrdX-Ow
H
D.
2
lo-raX-Oov
3
^orrdX-Owv
At
P.
2
loTToX-Oc
M
3
^(rrdX-Ouv
lo-rdX-Oai
co-raX-iJi^vos, -t), -ov
No FUTURE PERFECT.
779. Pel feet Middle System of
Liquid Verbs: <|>a(v(D (^a./), show.
Middle and Passive.
PERFECT.
ir^^tair-iiai
"ni^a.v-roA
ir^(j>av-9ov
ir^<{>av-Oov
ir«|>do--ficOa
ir^<|>av-Oc
irc<|>ao--|i^voi
€l<r(
PLUPERFECT.
4-irC({>do'-(iT)V
€-ir^<})av-TO
4-Tr^({>av-8ov
^-irc(|>dv-6T]v
^irc<j>d<r-|jKOa
PERFECT.
irc<|>ao--|i^vos », etc.
irc({>a(r-)j,^vc;> tITov, etc.
irc<)>a(r-)i^voi u|a(v, etc.
irc<t>a(r-|i^vos etrjv, e<c.
irc<^ao--)i^v(i> €tTov, etc.
'irc(f>a(r-|A^voi eljAcv, etc.
irc(|>dv-C(o
ir^cliav-Oov
irc<(>dv-0(i)v
ir^<}>av-9€
irc(j>dv-0(av
'irc<|>dv-6ai
irc(f>ao- ,u€vos, -i], -ov
No FUTURE PKKFECT.
[778
System of
iv), SHOW.
8IVE.
PERFECT.
i{>av-ro
ij>av-8ov
ij>Av-6t]v
JMior-fjicOa
|>av-0c
trcLv
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
780]
780.
M
H
CQ
»
D.
P.
S. 1
2
3
n. 2
3
J'. 1
2
3
s. 1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
o
•J
V. 1
2
3
s. 2
3
D. 2
3
p. 2
3
s.
o p.
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
Second Passive System of o-t^Xw (areX), send.
247
Passive
T.
INI IN.
PARTIC.
SECOND AORIST.
^-o-tAXtj-v
^-o-tAXtj-s
I-ottAXtj
I-o-tAXtj-tov
l-<rTaX^-TT]v
^-0'tAXt|-|ACV
I-c-tAXt|-t€
l-<rTAXtj-<rav
croXu
araX'gs
ITToXfj
(TToXfj-TOV
OPToXf^-TOV
(rTaXM-|j,cv
(TTaXtj-Te
<rTaKu<ri
o-TttXcftj-v
(rTaX€(t]-s
o-TttXcftj
o-ToXct-Tov or (rTaXc(i)-Tov
<rTaX€£-Tt]v orTaXci^-Ti)v
o-raXct-fAcv <rTaXc(T)-)uv
<rTaX€i-T€ o-raXcCTi-rc
o-raXcic-v <rTaXc(T)-(rav
<rTAXt]-9i
0"TOX'^-T«
o"tAXtj-tov
o-TaX^-T«v
o-tAXtj-tj
(TTaX^-VTWV
o-raX^-vai
o-raXcts, -cwra, -iv
SECOND FUTURE.
<rTaX^o'o-|&ai
<rraX^o-(i
crraX^o-c-rai
trraX'^o-c-a'Oov
(TTOX'^O'C-O'OOV
<rTaXt](r6-)i€9a
orToX^o-c-o-dc
o'ToXi^o'o-vTai
<rraXT]<ro(-|j.T|v
o'TaX'<](roi-o
(TToXl^O'Ol-TO
(TTOX'^O'OI-O'OOV
«rTaXt|<roC-cr9t|v
(rTaXT)o-o(-fic9a
(rTaX'^(roi-(r9c
(rTaX^(roi-vro
<rTa\^(rc-(r9ai
trToXiicrd-iicvos, -n. -ov
248
INFLECTION OF X^EIiliS.
[781
781.
Present System of tIjiAw, honor.
Active.
PRFSKNT.
s. 1
(rr/utfw)
Ti|JlW
2
{rifidds)
Ti»i$S
•
u
3
{rinda)
Tin$
I). 2
(rifxdeTov)
TijiOTOV
s
3
(Tl/ldtTOP)
TinoTOv
Jr.
1'. 1
{Tindo/x€p)
TlfiUfUV
2
{rifideTf)
TifXttTI
8
{rlfidovai)
Ti)iwori
MiDDi.K and Passivb.
PRKSKNT.
(rifido/xai)
{rlfidd)
{ri/xdiTai)
{rindeffOop)
{Tlfide<rd»v)
{Ttfia6fj,eOa)
(TifideaOe)
{rifidovTai)
Tiftdrai
TifiacrOov
Tif/ido-Oov
Tlfid(r9c
Tifiwvrai
IMl'KRKKCT.
8. 1
2
H
I). 2
{irt/iderov)
I'. 1
2
3
{erifidofiep)
(irt/xdeTe)
(irtnaop)
irt\i.uv
^TlfiOTOV
^Tip,dTC
IMPERFECT.
(iTifiadfirip) ^TintSfJitjv
{^TifideTo) ^Tifidro
(irifideffeop) Irifido-Oov
(iTtnaiffOrfp) iTl^Atr9i\v
(irlfmhixtda) Irl^&^Qa.
i^Tifxdea-de) ^Tindcrflc
{irlfidoPTo) ^TinwvTO
PRESENT.
PRESENT.
In
U
b
u
8. 1
2
3
D.
2
3
p. 1
9
(rTixdu))
(Tindvi)
{rindv)
{TifidyjTOp)
(Tl/xdjJTOp)
{rTudconev)
/-r.,^_ \
\' 'f.<.u.7}izf
{Tifidwai)
TlfiW
Tindrov
TifJldTOV
Tl|iW|JKV
TifiOTC
(rifidwuai)
(Tifidr))
{TifidrjTai)
{rliJLd-qffdov)
(rlixdj^adop)
{rlfiadfieffa)
{rlfidupTai)
Tifi,drai
Tifid(r9ov
Tiiido-Oov
Ti)id<r6c
Tifiuvrai
[781
781]
INFLECTION OF VEliliS.
249
Present System of Tifidw, iionou (continued).
1<
V.
H
<
H
O
1
2
3
2
3
I
2
3
1
2
3
i>. '^
V.
1
2
3
Active.
I'KKHKNT.
(rj/xdot/ii)
(rlfjidoii)
{rifidoi)
(rifjidoiTou)
{TifxaolTfju)
{Ti/J.doifJLfv)
(rifidoiTe)
(rifjidouv)
or
{Tifiaolrjv)
{Tifiaolrjs)
{rtfiaolri)
(rinaolriTov)
(Ti/iOOt7}T7JJ')
{Tt/J.aolT)fl€v)
(TifiaolrjTe)
{rlfxaolrjaav)
TlfliJiTOV
Tlfio/TYIV
Ti|i$TC
or
Ti)lcp'T]S
Ti|J|,ta*T)
[Ti(H{)TJTOV
Tifi(i>T]TC
Ti|i(pT](rav]
Mii>i)M.; and rAHsivE.
I'KKHKNT.
(rt/udoio) Tifii^o
(TlfldoiTo) Tt|A^TO
{TifidoiaOop) Tifi,^o-6ov
{Tlfiaol<T0r]v) Tifjiu/o-Oifv
{Tlfiaolfj.f0a) Tl(i(^'|i«6a
{TiixdoKxOc) Tijjiyo-e*
(Tt/UciotJ/To) Tt|Jl4)VTO
S.
D.
M
H
A*
INFIN.
2
3
2
3
2
3
(rt/ia^Tw) Ti|iiiTci>
(TrMderoj/) TifittTov
(rtiuo^Twj') Ti|iaT(i>v
(rt^dere) TinoT€
{rlfiahpTwv) ti|jiwvt(i)v
(rlndciv) Ti|jiav
1 .
M.
{rifidwv)
TltlUV
H
F.
{r'lfxdovaa)
Tifiwo-a
Ph
N.
{rlfidov)
Tifi,WV
(rt/idou)
(TlfJLa^(T6u)
(rifidea-Oov)
{Tlixaiadwv)
{rifideade)
{rlfiaiffdoiv)
Ti|i]i(r9<d
TiiidcrOov
TifjiiiorOwv
Tifido-Oc
Ti|Aii(rO{i)V
{Tinde<r0ai) Tinoo-flat
{rlfxadfievov) Ti)i<6|Acvov
250
iNFi.KvvioN OF \ i<:nits.
1782
7H2.
Proient *»vst<'ni of itoUm, no, ma mi;.
ArrivK.
i
I'HKS
cNr.
'J
8
iroitCt
iroiit
H
5
i>. 2
(roi/rror)
(roi/ffoi')
iroiitrov
iroiitrov
r. 1
a
3
(iroi/o/ufi')
(*-oi^i'(r«)
troioOfMv
iroiitrt
iroioOo-i
IMrKIMKl'T.
». 1
a
{iwofrov)
Inolovv
•2
{iwoi/rrov)
Jiroiftrov
4iroit(rt]v
i\ 1
{iiroifov)
Jiroio6|i«v
4iro(ovv
rUKSKNT.
M
s. 1
Mi
8
iroici
iroiijs
jr.
m
(?rot«');roi')
iroif^TOv
r. 1
2
3
iroiwjMv
iroicMn
Midhi.k iiiiiI Tanhivk.
rillCSKNI'.
{iroUtrai)
{woi^KTlhv)
{wotrftfifOa)
(woUnr (ff)
(woidovrai)
1TOl»
iroiiirai
iroi«((r9ov
iroiitirOov
iroiov^(9a
iroi«t<rO«
irotoOvrai
IMI'KUriJT.
(^iro(r6;Ut;i>)
(ihoUovTo)
4iroiov|ii)v
^iroioO
Jiroi«tro
4iroi<C<r9ov
Iiroi<((r0i]v
4iroiov)&tOo
4iroi«t(rO<
4iroioCvro
IMIKSKNT.
(woi^Wjiiai)
iroiw(jiai
{iroU]l)
iroiii
{roUtjTai)
iroif^Tai
(iro{f't;iTr^i')
iroii^o-Oov
(7ro«^t;(T(^oi')
iroifjo-6ov
{Trottd>in(t)a)
iroi(6)i«9a
(iroi^ijfftff)
•n-oi<\or9f
{iroUuvrai)
iroiMvrai
L7R2
7H2I
iNi'LKarioy (>// vKum.
251
Prosent System of woUw, im», makk ((Miiitinuid).
o
n.
i>.
1
I
H. 1
2
i: I..
H
o ..
2
;i
I
2
AirriVK.
niKNKNI'.
(iroi/<u|i()
(irot^otf)
(iroUoi)
{irvifoiTQv)
{noi(oLTr)v)
{iroihnntv)
(woUoiTt)
( " oUouv)
nr
(irotfo/»;s)
(iroifolf))
{woieolrjrou)
(jrotfoi ^r-qi')
{iro.folrj^itf)
(rroifoly]Tf)
{voifolrjiTap)
{ iroiot|Ai
iroiott
TTOlot I
iroiotrov
iroioCnjv
iroiotfMv
iroiotrt
iroioUv
or
iroio(i)v
iroio(T)«
■n-oioitj
|iroioCt)Tov
TroioiVJTTjvJ
I iroio{T|)ii«v
iroio£tjT«
iroioCr]o-av]
MiiiMi.K ;iii(l I'asnivI'.
niKHKNT.
(noifol^iTjv)
(iru(/M(o)
(froi/oiTo)
(noUoiffOov)
(iroitolffOrjv)
{ir ouolfieOa)
(voi^oiffOe)
{noUoiuTo)
Troio()iT)v
iroioto
iroiotro
iroioC(r6ov
'Troio((r6T|v
iroio()M9a
iroioIo-Oi
iroiotvTO
9!
H. 2
3
n. 2
I'. 2
3
INI-IN.
(irotf/rw)
(jrot/fToi')
(iroii'ere)
(7rotf6i^rwi')
irodi
iron(T«»
troutrov
•noitlriav
irontTi
troiovvTwv
(irnUeii^) irOiitv
M.
{wot/iop)
iroit&v
K.
{froiiovaa)
ifOioCcru
N.
(roUov)
trokoOv
(jrote/(T^w)
(iroUtaOe)
{iroifiar6u)v)
iroioO
iroii(<rOia
■rroi«£<r9ov
iroi«t(rO(
iroKCirOwf
{■rroUeaOai) iroictorOai
{voubijxvoi) iroiov^- voi
{irouoaivri) iroiovfj.4vi)
{iroiebfitvov) iroiovfuvov
INFLh'CTllKW OF VFIiHS.
[783
78;i.
Present System of StiX<i«, manikkht.
ArrivK.
THKHKNT.
u
8. I
2
i)
i>. 2
3
(^77\6fTo»') StjXoutov
(SrjXdtrov) StjXoOtov
/,
1'. I
2
3
iSr)\6oinei>) StjXoOfiiv
(5vX6fTf) 8tiXo0t«
{dv\6ov<ri) 6t)Xo0o-i
IMPKHIKri'.
N
^. 1
2
H 1
<
». 2
;5
i:' .
. 1
2
{iSvMonfv) <8ijXo{)(i«v
rUKSKNT.
s.
i
1
2
3
(5»;X6j;j) 8i)Xois
{SrjXdj}) StjXoI
1 ■••
BO
3
(57;X677To»') 8t)XwT0v
(ST/X^Tjroj') 8tiX«tov
1
2
(Sr)\6wfxfv) 8tjX«(i«v
(5j;X67;Tf) 8iiX«t€
MiDDM.; and I'ahsivk.
thkhknt.
{SrjXdtTai)
{St}\6taOov)
(Srj\o6fxefla)
{SrjXdtfffff)
(Sr)\6ovTai)
8i)XoC}/iai
8T]Xot
8T)XoCTai
8T|XoC(r6ov
8Y)Xo0(r0ov
8T]XovfMea
St]XoC(r0(
OT]X6vvTai
iMi>KHFic(yr.
{iSrjXodfiijp)
(fSrjXdov)
{idr)\6(To)
(iSrjXdeaOov)
{iSr)\o6fx(0a)
{idr)\6ovTo)
iSr\Kov\ir\v
J8t)XoO
^8tjXoOTO
^8t]Xovo'0ov
^8T]Xov<r0i)v
^8T)Xov|i(0a
^8t]Xov(rdc
^8i)XovvTO
I'KESENT.
{SrjXSwimai)
{5T]\6r]Tai)
{Si}\6r}(T0ov)
8T|Xw|iai
8t]XoI
8i)XuTai
8T)Xco(rOov
8i]Xw(r8ov
3
(SrjXoiifieea) 8tjXwn«ea
{Sr}\6i]<rft€) 8tiXwo-0«
{5T}\6wvTai) 8i)XwvTai
g
1783
7«3]
INFLKCriON OF VEliUH,
Present System of 8t)\6m, manifest (continued).
258
Active.
rUKSK
NT.
•
H,
1
2
{Sr]\6oifii)
(StjXdois)
1 St)Xot|ii
8t|Xois
St]XotJ
>
H
•<
l»
. 2
(Sr)\6oiTov)
{SriXoolTrjv)
8T)X0iT0V
8tjXo£TTJV
o
11
1
2
{SrjXdoiTt)
(Sr]\6oi(v)
or
8T)X0l|i«V
8iiXoiT<
8t)Xoi«v
or
w
8.
1
2
3
{Sr)\oolr)t>)
{SrjXooirji)
{dr]Xooir])
8t)Xo(t|v
8t]Xo(t]9
8y)Xo(i)
>
H
I>.
2
3
(SijXoolrjTov) [8T)Xo(t)TOV
{8r}XooiiflTr)v) 8t]Xoii^tt)v]
o
V.
1
2
3
(SrjXoolrjiJLev) [^i]\o(.r\\uv
{Sr}XoolT}T() Sr\\olr]Tt
{driXoolr}(Tav) 8i]Xo(T]<ravJ
£4
S.
2
3
(SrJXoe)
(SriXo^Tu)
8'^Xou
8T]XovTa»
M
H
I>.
2
3
{Sj]X6€Tov)
{SrjXo^Twu)
8TjXoiiTov
8'l]X0VTWV
?!
P,
2
8
{dr)X6€Te)
{dTjXodyruv)
StjXoCtc
8t]X0VVT«i>V
INFIN.
{Sri\6€iv)
St]Xo€v
H
0.
M.
P.
N.
{5r)X6u)v)
{dijXdovira)
{Sr]X6ov)
8T|Xti>V
C_.\ - f.
8t]Xovv
Mn»i)i-E and 1'ashivk.
i'UKBKNT.
{Sf}Xoolfirfi') 8t)Xo()it)v
(«5t;X6o«o) 8t]Xoio
{8r]X6oiTo) Si)XoiTO
{S7)X6ot<T(fov) 8T)Xoi(r0ov
(StfXoolaOtjp) Sr\\oitr9r\v
{SrjXool/xeOa) Sr\\oi\u9a
(87]X6otaOf) hr\\ol(r9t
{Sr)X6oivTo) 8t]Xoivto
{Sr)\6ov)
(SrjXo^aOu))
{dr}X6ta0ov)
{drjXo^aSwv)
{SvXSeaee)
{drjXoiffdwp)
8t|Xov
8T]Xovcr6<i»
8T]Xov(r0ov
8T]Xovar6(i>v
8T)Xovar0i
8t]Xovo'6wv
(S-nXSeaOai) Sr\\ova-9a\.
{Sr)Xo6fi€voi) 8t)Xov|j,cvos
{drjXoo/xdvri) Br\Kov\kivr\
{drfXodfJLevov) 8t]Xov)icvov
254
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
[784
784.
Verbs in ML
Present System of rWrmi (Se),
Active.
M
H
■<
c
I>.
H
n
to
D.
8.
D.
P.
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
INFIN.
vPRESENT.
Tf-9rj-s
T(-0tj-<ri
T£-0e-Tov
rl-6(-rav
TC-6«-|i€V
tC-0€-t«
imperfect.
^tC-0tj-v
^tI-0€IS
i-rl-Q(-Tov
^-Tl-0^-TTJV
i-rL-dt-Tt
«-Tt-0t-(rav
PRESENT.
TI-0W
Tl-0fjs
Tl-0^
Tl-0f^-TOV
Tl-0ti-TOV
Tl-0io-ficv
Tl-0lJ-T€
TI-0WO-1
Tl-0€£tJ-V
Tl-0€(tJ-S
Tl-0€fTI
TI-0CI-TOV or Tl-9(ll]-T0V
Tl-0€C-Tt]V Tl-e«lfj-TtJV
Tl-0€i;-(i€V
Tl-0€£-T£
Tl-0€l«-v
Tl-0«(tJ-(l€V
TI-0€(t|-T€
Tl-0€(TJ-<rOV
Ti-0et
r(-0c-rov
Tl-0^-TWV
Tt-0«-T«
Tl-0^-VT«V
ri.9l
vai
PLACE, PUT.
Middle and
PRESENT. ■
T(-0c-|iai
T(-0e-<roi
T(-0€-Tai
T£-06-<r0ov
t(-0£-o-0ov
Ti-0^-|it0a
T(-0£.<r0€
T(-Oc-vTai
Passive,
imperfect.
J-Tl-0i-fiT)V
i-rl-Qt-a-o
i-rl-dtro
I-t(-0£-o-0ov
i-Ti-Q4-<rQr\v
l-Ti-0^nt0a
€-T(-0€-or0«
«-t(-0€-VTO
PARTIC.
Ti-Offs, -€i<ra, -^v
PRESENT.
Ti-0w-)tat
Tl-0^
Tl-O^-Tttl
Tt-Oi]-(r0ov
Ti-0fi-<r0ov
Ti-0w-ntaa
Ti-0t]-<r0€
Ti-Ow-vrai
Tl-0c{-)it]v
Tl-0€l-O
Tl~0iE-TO
Tl-0«t-o'0OV
Tl-0££-o-0tJV
Ti-O€f-(i«0a
Tl-06r T0«
TI-0CI-VTO
T(-0€-o-o
Ti-0^-(r0<i>
TC-0€-<r0ov
Ti-a€'-<r0«v
T£-0€-<r0e
Ti-0^or0wv
T£-0(-o-0ai
Tl-0^-HCVOS, -TJ, -OV
o
to
n
to
so
U
O
[784
786]
SSIVE.
PKRFECT.
ri-6i-(iTjv
rl-9t-<ro
■i-9tTO
■{-0£-<r0ov
x-9i-ar9r\v
(-0«-o-e«
t-0€-VTO
-OV
785.
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
Verbs in ML
Present System of S(S«>|ai (5o), give.
255
, Active,
present. imperfect.
S. 1
8{-8(i)-|jii M(-8ovv
2
8£-8«-s l-8t-8ovs
i
3
8(-8(i>-<ri ^•-8(-8ov
•<
D. 2
8(-8o-Tov 4-8C-8o-rov
3
8£-8o-Tov l-8i-S6-TT|v
S5
p. 1
8l-8o-|Acv ^-8(-8o-|iicv
2
8(-8o-Tc «-8£-8o-Te
3
8i-86-oo-i c-8(-8o-irav
PRESENT.
s. 1
8i-8a>
•
M
2
8i-8$s
3
Si-Su
o
D. 2
8i-8«-Tov
W-*
3
8i-8«-Tov
C2
p. 1
8i-8u-)iicv
00
2
Sl-Su-TC
3
8i-8a>o'i
s. 1
Si~8o(t)-v
2
8i-8o(tj-s
■
>
3
8i-8o(t|
1-4
D. 2
81-80I-TOV or 8i-8oCt)-tov
H
3
8l-8o(-TT)V 81-801VJ-TTIV
O
p. 1
8i-8oi-n€v 8i-8oCn-n«v
2
8i-8oi-T€ 8i-8oCtj-t€
3
81-80U-V 8t-8otT|-<rov
s. 2
8(-8ou
>
3
8i-86-T«a
D. 2
8(-8o-TOV
3
8i-8d-Twv
p. 2
8C-80-TC
3
Ol-So-VTWV
ivri.N,
Si-8<i-vai
PARTIC.
81-80VS, -ovora, -dv
Middle
PRESENT.
8(-8o-)iai
8(-8o-<rai
8C-8o-Tai
8(-8o-or0ov
8(-8o-<r0ov
8i-86-|ic0a
8C-8o-o'9c
8(-8o-vTai
and Passive.
IMPERFECT.
4-Si-8iS-fiT]v
^-8 (-80-0*0
4-8£-8o-To
|-8(-8o-4r0ov
^-8i-86-o-0t)v
c-8i-86-|M0a
l-8t'8o-o'0c
€-8(-8o-VTO
PRESENT.
8i-8w-|Aai
8i-8(j)
Si-Sw-rai
8i-8t«-o-0ov
8i-8(a-o'0ov
Si-8u-)&c0a
8i-8w-o'0c
8i-8(i)-vrai
81-80 (-)iT)V
81-801-0
81-801-To
81-801-o'Oov
8i-8oC-or0Tjv
8i-8o(-|M-0a
8i-8oi-o-0c
81-801-VT0
SC-Bo-co
81-86-0*0(0
8 (-80-0*00 )>
8i-86-o*0wv
8(-8o-o*0c
8i-8o-o*0a>v
8 (-80-0*001
•I :\
81-86-
JMVOS, -T), -OV
256
INFLECTION OF VERIiS.
[780
»4
>
M
H
i
H
U
H
■<
H
o
u
H
«<
K
W
Oh
78«.
1
2
;{
2
;j
1
2
3
1
2
3
o
3
1
o
n. 2
1).
s. 1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
I>. :;!
3
INFIN.
rAKTlC.
Verbs in MI.
Present System of Xtrrr\\Li (ara), sk
AOTIVK.
rilKSKNT. IMl'KKKECT.
V'-orTTj-m
t-OTTtl-S
i'-<rTTi-<ri
inrTO-TOv
i-<rTa-TOv
Xhtto-hiv
X-orra-T*
i-flrrdo-i
l-<rrr\-v
l-tf-TTJ-S
{-o-TTi
?-<rTa-Tov
l-o-Td-Ttjv
l-«rTa-)x<v
?-0rTO-T€
l-<rTO-<rav
PKESENT. ;
i-<rr&
l-CTf^-TOV
i-0"TfJ-TOV
i-<rTto-)jicv
i-CTweri
l-<rTo(ti-v
i-CTodj-s
l-a-ralt]
l-<rTat-Tov or l-o-Tofrj-Tov
l-o-ra£-TT]v l-<rra\.i\-Tr\v
l-o-Tat-|i(v
IHTTOt-T*
i-Q-raU-v
l-o-TttCri-iifv
l-o-TaCri-T*
l-OTTOtlJ-O-OV
X-a-Tr\
l-<rr&-r<a
X-<rra-TOv
l-trrA-ruv
i-arra-rt
i-<rTd-VT«v
l-crrd-vai
l-o-Tlfcs, -d<ra, -dv
r, MAKE RTANl).
Mii>i)i,E and Tassivk.
PRESENT.
I'-o-ra-nai
V-o-ra-o-oi
V'-OTTO-Tai
I'-CTO-o-Oov
IMl'EKKECT.
i-o-Td-nt|v
t-o-TO-cro
l-CTTO-TO
l-<rTa-<r9ov
i-o*Ta-<r0ov i-o"Td-<r0Tjv
Uorrd-ficOa i-a-Td-)A(Oa
li'-crTa-<r0€ i-<rTa-<r8«
i'-crra-vTai {nrra-vTO
I'KESENT.
l-(rT&-|iai
l-flTTfj
t-o-Tfj-rai
i-irri\-<r9ov
l-«rT'f)-er0ov
l-<rT4)-<r0€
l-0"Tfi-VTOl
l-0"Ta(-|l,T)V
l-<rTot-o
l-o-Ta£-TO
l-<rTat-<r0ov
l-o-xaC-orOnv
i~3-rai-\kt9a.
i-a-rai-o-Qt
l-O-Tttt-VTO
l'-<rTo-<ro
l-<rTd'<r0<«)
V'-CTTO-O-OOV
l-crrd-aOwv
V-<rTO-<r0€
l-o-rd-o-Owv
t-<rTO-<r6ai
l-«rTd-|A€»'OS, -Tj, -ov
M
H
n
I
3
[780
787]
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
257
48IVK.
KKKCT.
.-HTIV
,-<ro
.-TO
i-o-Oov
.-crOi^v
-)i<8a
-VTO
H
■<
Q
'A
H
O
00
H
787.
1
2
3
2
.*{
1
2
3
i>.
H
o p.
8. 1
2
d
D. 2
3
1'. 1
2
3
s. 1
2
3
2
3
p. 1
2
3
8. 2
3
n. 2
3
p. 2
3
ti, -ov
INKIN.
PAKTIC.
Vkhhs in mi.
Present System of 8<(KvQ|ii
ACTI
PIIRSKNT.
S<(K-<VV-|ii
8c(k-vv-«
8f(K-VV-<ri
8«Ck-w-tov
8«£k-w-tov
8cCK-VV-)i<V
8c(K-vv-rc
8«iK-vv-a(ri
VK.
I MPK UK KOT.
4-8((k-VV-V
4-8<{k-vv-s
4-8€tK-VV-TOV
^-8<iK-vv--n)v
l-8c(K-VV-f&CV
^-8<(k-vv-t«
l-8c(K-vv-o'av
I'KKHENT.
8ciKv{)(i>
SciKVt&DS
SciKVV]]
8ciKviilfT0V
8ciKVVY)T0V
8ciKVV(i>)iCV
8eiKVUTJT€
8ciKVVAI(ni
8ciKVV0lfi,l
SciKVVOlS
SciKVVOl
8«IKVV01T0V
8cikvuo(tt|v
8ciKVV0lfXCV
8ciKVV0lTC
8ciKVV0l(V
8c(k-vv
8«iK-vv-rci>
8«(k-vu-tov
8ciK-VV-T<i)V
8«Ck-vv-t«
8€IK-VW-VT«V
8ciK-vv-vai
8«iK-vds, -Ooro, -iv
(SeiK), SHOW.
Middle
PUESENT.
8ctK-vv-(jiai
8cCK-vv-(rai.
8c(K-vv-Tai
8c(K-vv-(r0ov
8c(K-v\Mr9ov
8<iK-vv-fi(8a
8<(k-vv-o-9<
8<(K-vv-vTai
and Passive.
imi'ekke<;t.
i-8cik-vv-)j,t)v
i-htlK-VV-O-O
4-8<(k-vv-to
4-8c(k-vv-o-6ov
J-8ciK-vv-(r6T)v
'-8ciK-vv-|i(6a
4-8€tK-VU-VTO
PRESENT.
SllKVV^
8(lKVVT]Tai
8ciKvvTjcr6ov
8ciKvvi](r0ov
8ciKvvu)i(0a
8iiKvvi](r9c
8<iKvv<i»vTai
8ciKVV0(fiT)V
8ciKVVOlO
8ciKVVOlTO
8ciKvvoi(r6ov
8(iKvvo{<r9T)v
8ciKvvo()u9a
8tiKvvoi(r9e
8ciKVVblVTO
8€£K-w-<ro
8(iK-vv-<r9a>
8((K-vu-ir9ov
8ciK-vv-<r9ci>y
8(C>c-w-<r9i
8<iK-viLi-n^c>>y
8«(K-vv-(^ai
8<IK-H>-|MV0S, -t|, -ov
h
258
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
[788
Verbs in MI.
788. Second Aorist System
of Tt9T]Hl (tfe), PLACE, PUT.
Active.
Middle.
S.
1
2
2-0OV
•
3
l-0e-TO
P
D.
2
?-0€-TOV
S(-0c-(r9ov
55
3
1-0^-Tqv
^0^-<T0nv
P.
1
c-Oe-iuv
4-0^-|icOa
►H
2
g-9€-T«
e-0€-<r0e
3
c-Oc-o-av
2-0C-VTO
S.
1
ej)
Ow-)iai
•
2
e^s
eft
g
3
e^
6f)-TOl
D.
2
9f\-T0V
0fi-<r0ov
(s;
3
0fj-TOV
0f^-<r0ov
C3
P.
1
6u-|icv
O(&-|u0a
X
2
0fi-T€
Of)-<r0c
3
0u(ri.
Ou-vrai
S.
1
0c(ii
-V
OcC-,u.i)v
2
0cCtj-s
e€iH>
•
3
0€(l)
6ct-T0
>
D.
2
0€t-Tov or
0«£tl-TOV
Oct-oOov
3
0€C-TT|V
0ei'^-Ttiv
0cC-cr0i]v
0L|
O
P.
1
0Cl-||i€V
0c(t|-|MV
0c(-|ic0a
2
0€l-T€
0€£tJ-T€
0ci-<rOc
3
0CIC-V
©eCtj-^av
0CI-VTO
S.
2
0^-s
OoO
'A
>
3
0^a>
d^-orOw
M
H
i
D.
2
0^-TOV
64-ir0ov
3
0^~T«V
64-<r0(av
P.
2
0^-TC
e^-o-ec
l-(
3
0<-VT«V
64-<r9o)v
INFIN.
Ocivai
64-<r9ai
PARTIC.
9c(s, Octo-o
I, e^v
04-|&(vos,
-tj, -ov
^. Second Aorist ^
System
of 8(8a))&i
(5o),
GIVE.
Active.
Middle.
4~86-)jiT]v
e-8ou
e-80-TO
l-So-TOV
c-8o-<r0ov
l-86-njv
4-86-O-0TJV
c-8o-)icv
l-86-)M0a
l-8o-T«
€-8o-o-0«
c-SoHrav
I-80-VT0
8w
8c»-|iai
8$s
8$
8$
Sw-rai
8u-T0V
8(d-<rOov
8«-T0V
8«-<r0ov
8w-|jicv
8<&-)icOa
8u-TC
8M-O-0C
8uo-i
Sw-vrai
8o(ii
-V
8oC-|iT)V
8oCi)-s
801-0
8o(t)
8oi-To
Soi-Tov or
8o£n-
TOV
8oi-or0ov
Sot-Ttjv
801^)-
Tt^V
8o(-o-6tiv
8oi-)jicv
8o(i]-
|1CV
8oC-|xc0a
8ot-TC
8o(t]-
T€
8oi-or0c
801C-V
8oLT)-<rav
801-vTO •
86-s
80V
86-T«
8d-a-0u
84-Tov
8d-or0ov
86-Tcav
36-<r0a>v
U-Tt
86-o-Oc
8«S-vT«v
8<i-o-6wv
8ovvai
86-aOai
80VS, 8ovc-a, 86
-V
86~|i«vos,
-il,-o»
H
<
H
P
§9
[788
iystem
GIVE.
Middle. '
c-Sou
C-So-TO
C-80-0-60V
l-86-O"0TJV
l-86-)uOa
€-8o-o-9«
I-80-VT0
8c»-|jiai
8$
8»-Tai
Sw-cGov
8u-<r6ov
8(&-|icOa
Sa-a-9t
Su-vrai
8oC-(it]v
801-0
8oi-To
8ot-or0oy
8o(-o-6t]v
8oC-|xc0a
8oi-a-6c
801-vTO
80V
Sd-cOo)
8d-or8ov
36-o'06>v
86-crOc
8<i-o-Gttv
86-a6ai
86~|«vos,
792]
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
259
M
H
o
H
O
n
so
8. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p, 1
2
3
s. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
8.
H
P P.
D.
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
a
2
3
2
3
2
3
790. Second Aorist
System of
VcnjUl {(TTO), SET.
Active,
second aor,
€-<rTtj-v, stood
6-0-TT]-S
€-(rTtj
w
€-(rTTJ-TOV
4-<rTlfj-TTJV
C-(rTT)-|iCV
l-<rTt|-T€
J-o-TTj-cav
0"T«
OPT^S
O"T^-T0V
0"TfJ-TOV
0-T«-H«v
OTfj-T€
O-Tfici
o-to(tj-v
CTOftl-S
O-ToCtJ
OPTttl TOV or 0-TatT]-TOV
(TTaf-TTjv (rrai^-rriv
orai-iAcv orTaCT]-p,cv
o-Tdi-Tc o-TaC«;-rc
o-Tai«-v o-Ta(T)-(rav
o-TfJ-Gi 80-01
^*'i ^"ov Sv-TOV
O-T^-TWV 8l).TWV
otA-vt«v Si»-w«v
iNFiH. trrtj-vai
PABTIC. oTlis, oTwra, crrd-v
791. Second
Aor. System
of 8w«, ENTER.
Active,
second aor.
2-8U-V
€-8v-s
«-8v
S-Sv-TOV
«-8v-TTJV
c-8\)-|icv
C-OV-TC
c-8u-o-av
8v(a
8iixis
8iiTJT0V
8vt)T0V
8vw)iev
Svwo'i
8v-VOi
80s, 8vo-a, hv-v
792. Second Perf . System
without Suffix of
toTtJIAl (o-ra), SET.
Active.
SECOND PERF. SECOND PLUP.
^-CTO-TOV
C-CTd-TTJV
^-0-TO-H«V
JI-O-TO-TC
jf-cra-o'av
2-0"Ta-T0V
C-O'Ta-TOV
2-0-Ta-J4€V
l-o-Too-i
SECOND PERFECT.
i-a-rSt
«-o-T^s
c-o-Tfi
€-0"TTi-TOV
€-0-Tf).TOV
C-CrT«i)-|X€V
l-O-Tf^-TC
C-OTTWO'l
«-o-Ta(r-v
l-o- Ta£T]-s
i-o-To£tj
i-o-Tot-Tov or l-o-rattj-Tov
€-0-Ta{-TTJV I-O-TGIIJ-TTJV
€-OPTai-(JltV
c-o-rai-rc
l-0"Tate-v
t-o-Ta(t]-(Aev
€-0"T0(tJ-T6
c-o"Ta(T)-<rav
?-<rTa-Gi
I-otA-tw
2-OTO-TOV
l-OTd-T«V
l-O-Tft-TC
6-a^A-vTft>v
260
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
[793
luKKr.iiLAK Verbs in MI.
793. otSa {15), KNOW.
Active,
skconl) i'kuk. skconi) im.up.
'A
H
at)
I).
I>.
S.
u
•-I D.
•<
H
O 1'.
I>.
H
u
t V. 'Z
1
2
:i
2
:i
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
INFIK.
olSa ^'8ti or •n'Bciv
ol<r6a f|8T]0-9a or ^'8ci(rOa
ol8€ ■n8€i or xJStiv
ixrrov ijcrTOv
t(r|JLCv tfo'K-*''
i!(rS(rt ^<rav or 'gScirav
SECONP IMvKKECT.
«l8u I
(I8xjs
«l8Ti
cl8{)TOV
c18{)tov
(l8w|JtiCV
c18{)tc
clSwo-i
ci8c(T)v
cl8cC'ns
clSciTOV
€18€CtTJV
cl8«?|icv or cl8c(T]p.cv
(l8ciTC €18c(t]tc
(tScicv cl8£(T|<rav
I'o-Oi
I'erroi
toTTOV
I'O-TC
IVtwv
7J)4. <|)ti|aI (0a), 8 AY.
Active.
rUESENT.
(t>xjs or (^^s
<}>aT6v
<|>aT^
PRESENT.
<p(i)
«|)f\TOV
(|>f]TOV
4>b>|J.CV
<)>f)T(
<{>u(ri>
<t>aCTiv
<|>atT]S
<{>aCT]
()>atTov or 4>a(T)TOv
4>a£TT]v jj"*''''^'''^*'
()>ai(icv 4>aCT|(j.cv
<|>aiT€ (}>aCi]T('
4>aicv ()>a£T|(rav
(t>a9( or ()>d0i,
(|>dT(i>
4>d'.-ov
4>dT(av
4>dTC
<i>dvT<av
(fidvak
IMI'EKEECT.
S(4>iio-6a or 24>t)s
2({>aT0V
4()>dTT)V
c(t>aTc
c<{>a(rav
C4
H
o
PARTic. «i8«i5, clSvta, el8<is, gen. ct86ro9, cfc.
[793
796]
INFLECTION OF VEUUS.
g?
O
'A
795.
8. 1
2
3
I). 2
3
r-. 1
2
3
1
o
M
►•
3
(-i
I). 2
;<^
kj
3
•ti
n
r. 1
OD
2
3
8. 1
2
«'
3
t»
D. 2
12
3
&>
o
V. 1
2
3
s. 2
(4
3
M
H
i>. 2
K
o
H
O
I-. 2
M
3
PARTIC.
2G1
IMI>KHI'ECT.
Trregular Verhs
«lt*t (^(T), UK.
Active.
I'HKSKNT.
M Tj or ifv
T
tjv .
Tio-Tov or iJtov
tjo-TtJV ^TTJV
ijo-av .
I'KESKNT.
»
CD
♦
n
11T0V
TJTOV
W|ACV
TIT€
wori
IN MI.
<<rT£
io-riv
la-r6v
cl<rt
ftrov or cl'i]Tov
tl^TtJV ct^TIJV
Co-di
itrna
ia-rov
itrruv
€<rTC
CCTUV
ctvai
«Sv, oiaa, «v, gen. iVros, e^c.
TOO. «r|ii(/), GO.
rUESKNT.
ct
«lcri
Ktov
trov
tfMV
irt
Active.
imi'eui'ect.
Tia or |i«iv
BTOV
TJTf
^Vav or |if€«rov
I'KESENT.
tw
ttJTOV
Htjtov
K<0|ACV
tiJTi
two*!.
toim or lolr\v
tois
toi
i'oirov
(oCrtjv
l'oiT«
Koicv
tOi
trov
•<:t€
(dVTWV
Uvai
l«v, lovo-a, tdv, gen. tdvros, e£<?.
262
i
797.
1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
Active,
pres. imi'erf
frjiw
!,,v
Itis
t».
ITJO-l
{<i
ICTOV
l€TOV
IcTOV
Utiiv
fcfjicv
IC)MV
ICTC
«UT«
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
Irregular verbs in MI.
llffil (^), SEND.
Mn>. and Pass.
I'KES. IMI'ERF.
UfiT)V
[797
iccrai
icrai
ico-o
l€TO
iccrdov ico-Oov
tcirOov i^0Tiv
ico-dc ico-9c
icurt
Xta-av
Scvrai
"evTO
Active. Middle,
second aori8t.
(lo-o
cIto
(Itov fl<r6ov
i'iTt\v «V(r0Tjv
ct|icv ct|j.cOa
clrc cla-Oc
clcav ctvTO
H
H
Hi
©
H
U
Pn
8. 1
2
8
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
8. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
8. 2
3
D. 2
3
p. 2
3
IN kin.
PARTIC.
PRESENT.
i&
Ifi
ifJTOV
IT^TOV
c ^
Itatri
icCr|V
U(t|s
CcCt)
ICITOV or UCl^TOV
l(iTr\v Ui'^njv
Ictficv ' U(t]|j,cv
icUv U(T]<rav
16T0V
Ut«v
i'cTC
ilvTWV
Uvai
Uis, Uio-a, i^v
PRESENT.
ifJTai
i^<rOov
if\(r6ov
(w|i,c8a
if)o-ec
luvrat
ic()lT)V
i(to
UlTO
IcitrOov
ic((rOT)v
tc()tc6a
IcurOc
iClVTO
'ctro
UorOu
iCo-Bov
UcrQmv
tcorOc
U(r6(i>v
iCtrOai
UlJKVOS
i
iJtov
■qrov
iJt«
•tl)V
ttt,
cItov or €1ltjtov
cICttJV il'/JTtlV
cl|JlCV c'lT||JlCV
elT6 €V'tJT€
ctcv clkT](rav
Is
Itm
?TOV
Itc
IvTWV
clvai
els, clo-a, cv
ijrai
tfcrOov
•qo-0ov
wficOa
ii<re«
uvrai
CI'|JIT)V
do
flro
clo-Oov
cio-Otiv
ci'iicea
clo-Oc
tlvTO
ov
Ko-Oo)
CO-0OV
co-Owv
cVOuv
co-Oai
i'|uvo$
H
O
H
H
[797
799]
INFLECTION OF VERBS.
263
M
o
>
M
H
o
Si;
»^
n
H
H
<
H
D.
» P
8. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
8. 1
2
3
D. 2
3
p. 1
2
3
s. 1
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
i!«Fi?r.
PARTIC.
Irregular Verbs in MI.
798. Kftnai («t), LIE.
PRESENT.
KClfiai
Kcio-ai
KClTai
Kci(r6ov
Kcio-Gov
KClO-Oc
Kcivrai
IMPERFECT.
CKCIO-O
CKCirO
€KC10-60V
^KcC(r0T]v
.Kc{)ie9a
ckcktOc
CKCIVTO
PRESENT.
K^ci)|jiai
K^TJTOl
K^ij<r0ov
K^T)(r0ov
K€W|JlcOa
K^wvrai
KCO()AT)V
K^OIO
K^OITO
K^oi(r0ov
K€o£o-9tjv
KcoCficOa
K^OIVTO
KCIO-O
Kci(r6ov
K€(o-0a>v
Kci(r0e
Kc((r0(i)v
KiiirSai
KcCfiCVOS
799.
PRESENT.
Kd0i))iai
Kd0Tierai
Kd0TjTai
Kd0T](r9ov
Kd9T](r0ov
Ka0%c0a
Kd0i]orOc
Kd0tJVT'Pi
Kd0-i)nai (^(t), sit down.
IMPER
^Ka0^|jiT)v or
^Kd0T)(ro
JKd0T]TO
^Kd0T](r0ov
^Ka0l/)O-0T)V
^Ka0^H«0a
^Kd0T](r0c
^KdOTJVTO
PRESENT.
KaOufiai
Ka0fJTai
Ka0f](r0ov
Ka0fjo-0ov
Ka0w|ic0a
Ka0f](r0c
KaOwvrai
Ka0o(|JlT]V
KoOoio
KaOoiTo
Ka9oi(r9ov
KaOoCo-Otiv
Ka0o()jic0a
KaOourOc
Ka0oivro
Kd0r]<ro
Ka0^(r0(i)
Kd0t](r9ov
KaO^o-duv
Kd0TIO-0€
Ka0^(r0a>v
Ka0T]<r0oi
Ka0^)x(vos
FECT.
Ka01^(ATJv
Ka0f)(ro
Ka0T)o-TO
KaO{]o-0ov
Ka0^ar0T)V
Ka0^fic0a
KO0fi<r0€
KaO^VTO
i
I J
1
\
1
;
1
M
M
r
No. 63. Athena.
KCJLES OF SYNTAX.
Subject and Predicate.
^ 800. The subject of a finite verb is in tJie non.inative Tbus ^ n' "
Bvpa<i €x^h the house has doors. "'' "^ °*'''«
is in the L™e ca.1 afln ,^f Vh':"! rS'? "■"^^''^ ?^^f ^-'^
uLja,. " ' "''™''"" '"^"™' Ma,..a-,, «« „w, ,, ,,Ued
Apposition.
804. A noun annexed to another noun to descrihe it »„^ i »•
the same person or thing, agrees with it in case T Ws i! In, ^ ^^
and the noun thus used is called an «y,y»,„ ,' .Thu KlL! T"""'"'
Adjectives.
806. An adjective or participle, generallv with th. avtJ.Je ^av b.
used as a noun rhi]« nf ^^\ ' .? . ' a.i,..,ie, .liaj De
:i
l^.
%. ^^ , a.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
//
m./
W^iJ''/ V #? ^ //'„
1.0
I.I
lii|2.8
t 1^ lilll2.o
IIIIM
"2.2
11:25. i 1.4
1.8
1.6
%'
<^
/i
-?;
^^
//
^ y jyyy/
nl — 4.^
rilUlUglclpIUC
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
'o
; <;.- «
7/
1^
<sg
<>
266
RULES OF SYNTAX.
The Article.
V
807. Proper names may take the article. Thus, at tov Kvpov Kiafiai,
the villages of Cyrus.
808. Abstract nouns often take the article. Thus, 17 dXrjdeia, truth.
80$). Nouns with a possessive pronoun take the article when they refer
to definite individuals, but not otherwise. Thus, 6 e/xos Trarrjp, my father,
but €fxd<i ^lAos, a friend of mine.
8 10. The article is often used where we use a possessive pronoun, to
mark something as belonging to a person or thing mentioned in the sen-
tence. Thus, Kv/oos cVt/JouAtuVci t<S dSeXKJxS, Cyrus ivill plot against his
brother.
f
811. An adverb, a preposition with its case, or any similar expression
may be used with the article to qualify a noun, like an attributive adjec-
tive. Heve a noun denoting men or things is often omitted. Thus, 01 oikol
e;(^/30i, his enemies at home, ol irapa jSaaiXeu)^ ayycAXot, the messengers from
the king, ol olkoi, those at home, ol dfi<f>\ Kvpov, Cyrus and his followers.
812. An attributive adjective, or equivalent expression, which qualifies
a noim with the article, commonly stands between the article and the noun.
But the noun with the article may be followed by the adjective with the
article repeated ; here the first article is sometimes omitted. Thus, 17
'EA.A»/i/tK^ <f>v\aKri, or 17 <f>v\aKri rj 'EAAT/nKT/, or <f>vXaKri V 'EXAt/vikt/, the
Greek garrison, 17 eis to ttcSiov €l<Tfio\rj, or ^ ela-^oXrj ^ cts to ircSiov, or
€l<T^o\rj 17 CIS TO TrcStbv, the pass leading into the plain.
813. AVhen an adjective either precedes the article, or follows the
noun without taking an article, it is always a predicate adjective. Thus,
plKpax al oiKiaL rjaav, or at oiKiat pTiKpal rfaav, the houses were small.
814. When a demonstrative pronoun agrees with a noun, it takes the
article, and stands in the predicate position. See 1.58.
815. In Attic prose the article retains its original demonstrative force
chiefly in the expression 6 fxiv . . . 6 8i, the one . . . the other. 6 Be, etc.,
sometimes means, and he, etc., even when no o fxev precedes. Thus, Tovq
fi€v aTTCKTeive, tov<s 8' iUf^aXev, some I slew, others he banished, ol Sc raura
lAe^ttv Tois (TTpaTcwTULs, and they (the generals) told it to the soldiers.
RULES OF SYNTAX.
267
Ktafxai,
Pronouns.
816. The nominatives of the personal pronouns are seldom used
except for emphasis. See 436. '
817. The personal pronoun of the third person, ov*, oT, I etc is irener
ally an md.rect reflexive in Attic prose, i.e. it is used in a de;e d*;, clause
to reter to the subject of the leading verb. See 437.
r. ^^^^ i''^'"u' ^^' *^''' "'"' '■ ^" ^" '^' '^'^^ it '"'-^y "lean self- when
L lead,„; ^r ™'!.'" " "''''"''"'* '='''"^<' *''^y -f^'- '» 'he subject of
the leading verb, _,.e. they are indirect reflexives: See 446.
820. The possessive pronouns (448) are generally equivalent to the
possessive genitive (841. 1) o£ the personal pronouns. Thu's, 6 ™ ll
= o narrjp €fiov,7n?jf either. t^^^ iraTrjp
neafo^'pttr' '*"'' '' ""' !f '""f "« '■'"""' ' °«'' '*"'• "^ «°™«tW"g
been ment on t "T"' '% '" '''"'""*' '° '°'™"'"« """ '«'» ^''■^'""y
tiveTa'dieale'X'f"- "'-^''f^"'"' "'""' """^ "^ ^'"'- «"b«'--
823. r^5 may be used both in direct and in indirect questions. Thus
he mks lehat Ihe dMurhnnce is. '
824. The indefinite rU (354) n.ay be either substantive or adjective
Thus, rovro A.y„ r«, or S^gp^i, r« roCro A.V«, ..o,„eM, says t,i
c?So!^f « "'-'' """f "" ™"''^ '"'"™''"' *" ^"S"'"- « »■• «"• Thus,
«6o. av«^.,^ov Tim, / sa» « cerlain man, or / ™„, „ ^m.
826. A relative agrees with its antecedent in gender and number but
.t, case depends on the construction of the clause in which it stands Jh'
they marched »„ ,„ ,/„ Euphrates, .e bream of .rkieh ,L /..,„■ stades
2()8
HULKS OF SYNTAX.
i
ii
Hiii, Tho antocedont of a rolativ.' .nay l.c o.nitt.Ml when it can easily
iH'^supphnl fn„n <h,. ...nlext, especially if it is iiulelinite. Thus, Kara-
Trpu.So cc^ a crrp.revop", / Ml arco,»p/i,h (M. ohjWts) for which J am
til Am;/ the JhhL
S28. ^^•lK>n a relative m'ouI.1 naturally l,e in the aceusative as the
<>lM<"ct ol a verh, ,t is nvnerally asshnilatnl to the ease of the antecedent if
tins IS a genitive or dative. Thus, aVSpe, i^.oC eUn ry, i\,v6,p{d, r),
K€KTr)VTai, the,, mr mn, ,rorlh,, of Ihr fnnlorn irhirh Ih,,, have.
«2J). The anl.Todent is oftcM. atlrarU,! into the relative elause, and
a^^rees with the relative. Thus, a^rcVe/xiAev i^ J^^ crr^ar..^a, he ilespatched
U'hatjorct's he had.
Nominative and Vocative Cases.
«.*{(>. The nominative is used chiefly as the subject of a finite verb or
m the ].re,lieate after verbs signifyino; (o be, become, etc. See 800, 8();{. '
Hiit, The vocative, uith or without J, is used in addressing a person
or thing. Thus, ^ ,'.So',, oT K,>e, .lyu d, -rr.hCov KaXov, the roa.l, Cm-us
leads into a beautiful plain, ivSpt^ iTTpaTmrai, fellow soldiers !
Accusative Case.
«.S2. The direct objtH-t of the action of a transitive verb is put in the
accusative. Thus, a<l>evS6vr)v c^i, //,- has a slinff.
Hiiii. Any verb whose meaning permits it may take an accusative of
kindrcl signification. This accusative ivpeats the idea already, contained
m the verb, and may follow intransitive as well as transitive verbs. It is
called the cor/natc^ accusative. Thus, TroAe/xet dSiKov v6k,p.ov, he wafjes an
unjust war, rt ere ijhiKijaa ; what wrong hare I done you ?
8.-{4. The accusative oi specif cation may be joined with a verb, adjec-
tive, noun, or even a wliole sentence, to denote a part, character, or oualitn
to uhich tlie expression refers. Thus, rk ,roAe>ca Aya66,, skilled in matters
pertannng to war, 6 Troru^o, eVrt rb cJpo. TrAe^^ov, the rirer is one hundred
Jeet in width.
83r>. An accusative in certain expressions lias the force of an adverb.
Thus, Ta navra vlKQ>cn, the,, are completely rictorious, rC hu alroU Xvtiv rhv
y€<f>vpav, why need they destroy the bridye ?
nULKS OF SYNTAX.
2G9
it can easily
rims, KUTU-
which I (I III
iiiv(! as the
ntecedent if
tvO€pid<i rys
clause, and
; </csj)atche(l
ite verb, or
1), 8();{.
ff a person
(>a<l, Ci/nis,
put in the
Misaiive of
/ roiitdiiicd
rl)s. It is
; iva(/es an
erl), adjec-
, or (jiioliti/
in mntten
le hundred
111 adverb.
XveiV TTjV
«:87. -riu. accusativ,. follows tl„. a.lv,n-l,.s of »,veari„,r v* .,,,1 A ,
A,, oath ,„t,.o„„ce„ l.y v, , allinnatlvo „ i,.,,,;,:: ' , ^ ,! ,', f
:^:J> ':i:::i :Z!i t::7C 'i-. ^'r - ^- 1
will ,lo ,,„urfrien,U ,„,„, ,,„,,„. ' " '*'^°'" "'""" " '^y««-«^, ».u
84<>. Verl.s sigiiifyiiiir ,„ „„„, ^j
anJ the like, ,„ay take a ,,„.,,ica,« accusative uCl ' I^^ ' if '"' T' '
Thus. .„c>„ E..„^..™ ,«Aow, ,/,,, ,,,„„„ A-:^i :; r'z: "•
he Ml not regard Ike s<Ur„,, „» ufrleUr ' "" *'^°' °" ■'°'""'
Genitive Case.
Ti,ri!;ri::!:i:':i::;;-::r: ";:-"'- - »oei,e. „„,.,..
oi- wi,ic., a,.c .,e„o.a ,„ „, o^.. ,, :.:tz::::z':::^;::r-z:.
2. The Subject of an action or feclino- ns A t,?.„ a? /?'
3. The «l,ject of an action or feeling s/jw-m- "IT """"■"■"•
..vt * t'" '"•.^'"'*-"«', ■-'"-'"■« '"^'t of which anything o L, a.
270
HULKS OF SYNTAX.
11 i
r.. Moa8«ro, of spaoo, ii.no, or value, as rpcC>u ^j^epC>u !>86,, a journey of
thne ,hn,s, Tre.rc f^rjuQ^u fiurO.k, Jin- mo,M pa,,, (iantive of Measure.
0. ra.iso c.r Origin, as /xcy^iAo,. AScKrj,.dru^u 6pyr,, anger at ^reat offenses.
I he ( ansa!. Cicnitirc.
7. Thn Whole, aftor nouns dniotinK a part, as 8t^ fj^iaov t«s TrtJAea,?,"
throiujh the mhhUc of the cit,,. The /'arddre Genitive.
842. The Vartitivo Konilivo (Hll, 7) n.ay follow all nonns, pronouns,
a, jyefvos (osprdally sup..rlativ.s), parM(.ipl..s with the artid.', an<l adverhs,
Nvh.eh .lonoto a part. Thus, re, r^v 'VA\y,vu.v; ,rho of the (ireeks f Wrc.
Tra^ra Kparurro,, best of all in erer^jthin;,, v/xJi. <S /^„„Ao/xe.o9, ,rhoever of you
>nshes, Tt/i5rat fidXtara rS^v 'EXXyuu^y, he i, honored more than any other
Greek.
843. Verbs si-nifyi,,^. to he or become and other copulative verbs may
have a imMlieate g^Miitive exin-essin- any of tin. relations of the attribu-
t.vo .,nM.itive (811). Thus, rm,. larlv o 7rr^o, ; ,eho on^ns the horse f 6
A.t>\(>5 iarl n) eT^po<: irXWpov, the Chains is one hundred feet broad, ^v hi
KuLovTo, ra>v MiXrjrou 7roAa>^KoiW<o,., he too nuis one of these who tvere
hesieytntj Miletus.
844. Any verb may take a genitive if its action affects the object only
m part. This principle applies especially to verbs sionifyint? to share (<,ive
or tale apart) or to enjo;,. Thus, Xat^fSavova, rov fSapf^apcKov o-rparcii/xa-
ros% the,, take apart of the barbarian foree, tS>v iTnrrjSuwv fxtr^iTv^ e, you
hail i/onr share ofpi'orisions.
845. The genitive follows verbs signifying to take hold of, to,a'h, elaim
<nm at, h,t, attain, miss, make t,-ial of b,,/,,,. Tims, iXaftov rr/? ^^vr,<i, the,,
took hold of his !,i,;lle, o^x aTrrerat rr> Kdp<f>rj<: rb {;8u>p, the neater does not
touch the ha,,, o^To^ airov rj/xaprc, this one missed him, 7,px€Tov Xoyov (S8c,
he began his sfieech as follotrs.
84(5. The genitive follows verbs signifying to taste, smell, hear, perceive
con,p,-ehend, rnncnbe,; fnyet, desi,-e, ca,'e for, spare, ne,,leet, ,eonder at]
ad,n„-e, despise. Thus, ouVorc r,^lovo, otvov yc'ycv/xat, / have ne,-er tasted
Jiner ,nne, OopvfSov r)Kov<rc, he heard a uoise, Tovro,v pL^fivrjaOe ,' do you
remen,ber this? jC^y crrpaTti^rlov iirep-eX^Iro, he looked out for his men,' fih
dfieXuip.€v yp.wv <(vr(bv, let us not neglect ourselves.
liULKH OF SYNTAX.
271
I journey of
(isurc.
eat offenses.
, pronouna,
1(1 iulverhs,
\'S ? TrdvTtDV
Hivv.r of you
I any other
verlis may
lio jittribu-
e horse f 6
oad, Tjv hi
who were
>l)joct only
<hare (yive
'TpaTivfia-
rx'"€y you
'irh, claim,
ttJVr;?, they
r (foes 71 ot
oyov d>8c,
, perceive,
'ontfer at,
ver tasted
'■>' do you
<■ men
. M
IhlLS, TO,. „.A.r«,. a^u, /„. ,.,„„,„„„,/.< ,/,,, , lite., KAiapvo, Yof, S<A„5
«Va,5 ,y«r,u, r/,,,,-,-/,«» /,,„/, ,/„; riyhl win,,.
(Ml 4). I|,„,., »,j,,„ty,„. ,„.//« t,,k,, tl,„ accusative of the tl.in. ti I
and tho gcn,t,vc of n.atcrial. Tlu.s, „i ..,„,.,„,i, ,,„^., Z' \; '
::« 4 :::;■" ''*'''^""' '■''^^^""- ^^^-^ -">-' ""'.';'"" *'-.'"
»4» TLe s,.,itive (,« ablative) ,„a.y ,|,,,„t„ that f,„,n which a„vt),i„,,
.» »c,.arato,l or ,l,.st,„Kni.,hc,l. ()„ this ,,nnci|,lo the genitive f„ I ™ ! ?
roA.^0. ,8<»„ ™,lrera., «. mil be glad to .,to;, y,y„;„j. -^ *'
and an „t.,ers winch i„„,,y ™,„pari»on. Th„s, olj 4. „,.W.o rf "I;
pa., ^<^£, *, ,,.„.,^-,,i ,%,, too fate/„r the haute. ^' "^
851. The genitive often denotes a came, esrecially with verbs exnre,>,
.ng on,ot.ons sue as „*„,V„„v,„. «,„,,., „^,,1, ,i ;^,r "^ C"
or revenge. Sometimes it denotes tlie source Thus rS. i\ a "' • -'
.X0-. r,, ^«„, „,cg„,.c gratefal ,„ ac go,.,forr!c,or,roirjTZ vX
louu I verb. Thus, tu,v aKk^y ^poT„W, he mil honor ,/.., otore ihc re.,
rxitxt:; ''''-^' '""* '■"""-" "••'" '" '"- ("-4"%
ro'ZI:/'" ''"'"/'■'™ '""^ ''"'"""^ *''" '"■'•■" "'• '"""« »f » thi"S. Thus
RULEi^ OF SYNTAX.
«54. TIk" uciiilivo luiiy deiioto the (hue wlihhi ichirh {inythiiig takes
place. Tlius, uipfxaro Tr}s vvkto's, he act out in the nit/hf, tuvtu rij^ rjfiipiU
«yeV«To, thin happened durhuj the ifai/.
855. TIk^ ol>j('ctiv(! gciiitivu follows many verbal adjectives. These
ai-c! chielly kiiidivd (in mcaninjr or derivation) to verbs which take the
genitive. Thus.^cVTrcipoi yap ^crav tt/9 x<^/^«5. '^'O' "'ere familiar with the
countrii (81o), t^? x"V«« iyKparth, ^iiastrrs or rulers of the land (847),
Kitifiat fi€(TTal (TtTov, rill(i(/es aboundin;/ in supplies (818),
85(». The genitive follows many adverbs, chiefly adverbs of j^lace and
those derived from adj(<ctives which take the genitive. Thus, iripav rov
Eicfypdrov, across the Euphrates, cum rr/s ttoAcojs, within the citi/, iyyvs rov
TrapaSet'cTov, near the park; oi ip^irapm Kipov €>vrcs, those who are
acipiainted with Ci/rus.
857. A noun and a participle not grammatically connected with the
main construction of the sentence may stand by themselves in the Genitive
Absolute. See 516.
858. Adjectives and adverbs of the com}>arative degree take the geni-
tive (y\\i]\ox\t Jj, J ha n). Thus, kukioi;? rdv oAAa../, more cowardlif than the
rest, OaTTov rtoj/ iinrwv trp^xov, they ran vumi swiftly than the horses.
Dative Case.
859. The indirect object of the action of a transitive verb is put in
the dative. This object is generally introduced in English by to. Thus,
Si'Swo-i p.i(tOov t<S o-rpaTcu/AaTt, he pives pay to the army.
860. Certain intransitive verbs take the dative, many of which in
English may have a direct object without to. The verbs of this class
which are not translated with to in English are chiefly those signifying to
benefit, serve, obey, defend, assist, please, trust, satisfy, adoise, exhort, or any
of their opposites ; also those expressing friendliness, hostility, blame, abuse,
reproach, envy, anyer, threats. Thus, ol TrpoaOev rjplv ^o-q6ri(TavT€<i, those
who have previously helped us, Trct^crai tw (rTparrjyw, he obeys his commander,
TTio-rcvovo-t T<p Kvpa., they trust Cyrus, TraptKeXevovTo aXXrjXoi^, they exhorted
one another, i^pyit,ovTO tVxvpws ro? KXtapx^^, they were excessively angry
rvith Ckarch us.
liing takes
OS. These
li take the
nr with (he
and (847),
phice and
TTtpav rov
eyyus rov
1 who are
I with the
e Genitive
! the geni-
// than the
) is put in
Thus,
0.
which in
this class
nifying to
rt, or any
me, abuse,
'Tes, those
mimander,
1/ exhorted
'elxj angry
RULES OF SYNTAX. 273
8«1. The person or thing for whose adoantage or dlsadrantaae any-
thing ,s or Ks .lone in put in the <lative. This chttiv is generally int." lI 1
- ^ng..h l,y>. Thus, AAo .n-,^...^. Kd,, ...^^r^X^:^
another Jorre. as collected Jor <y„s In the Ch.rLnese, c>oi .a.i. Z^^
you are .iott.uj hnr,n against ... JMtire of Adra.ta,,e o. JHsadSg^ '
verl!!r!;o.ul!;'o;'HM T"' •'""' "^^"'"" "'^ ^'^^'^^^^«' -^'^ -"-
vu.uU.onns of k ndred n,ean,ng with the yerhs of 8(50 and HVA. Thus
nendlg and Ja,thful to nu, .rjX6, rul, ^^^^, 8...o,e.xo., nL had Z
the wagons to (jet through. ^, "ait na}a joi
8<$4. The dative is used with all words implying likened, or nuUl-.n.^.
agree^nent or disagreement, union, or ap,roaeh. This intl.nl: X^ 2^ ^ '
adverbs, and nouns. Thus, ^ .ope.'d 5^o.a ,^.y,^ e'v.v.cro M • ! , /
-.../. le m-e Jligh, Ma,.... 'A..AW W>-/L^::; j J:;
7roA£/itot9, /^e approaches the enemy. ^ ^ *
805. Tiie dative follows many verbs compounded with eV a^v or eV.'-
aml^son. eon.pounded with .,o', .„,., .e,.', and M. Th kX. ! :
^rparw oAAo., <rrparc<ora,, he sends other soldiers with the qeneral
Kv^a, eTTt^ovAcv'ei, /.e y,/o^, against Cyrus. ^ '
^^n. Thus, <^.A.a Ka. ei.o^x e>,'^o.. a^r<?, .A.y A./;,../ him hecanj f
avrov, ^o^ovcrc rr, .pavyy, they frighten them by their uproar 8caBaJoZl
^Xo^t^y cross in boats ^o A.a. ^,r. ^^.Oa', he wisL to \!:^Z
^'-nselfby) us, ycve. .poarj.ec /Saa^.T, in f.nUy he is related to the lin,
^.^!;./^-r'^^:~ 1' -!') -'Tf^- to denote the
much (iiL4 ;r-io w:^^^^ '''^''' ''''-'^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^-^^-^ .-
274
JUrLk'S OF SYNTAX.
H08. Tl,n ,lutiv« .s„nH.ti.noH Avuotr, M„. a;,.,., with tho .UM-fcot and
pl"|«Tl..d. passiv.', nuvly with ..Mu'i- passive t<.i..s,..s. Sc,. !'();{.
H<M>. Tl... Wutiv. iH US...I i„ .|.Mu,lo that by whirl, any pcM-son or ihinu
(irmtf. *' •'
H70. Thr .laiivo without, a i..v,,„,siti„n oftri. <h.n<,t..s thr lh„r ,r/,n, an
n«'t'oM tak...s phuv. This is n,n(in,.,l rhi.My to nouns .lonotiuK </,,;/. ui,,.,
-"'M, or ,,,.„., and to nan-.s oi jisHruis. Thus, r,; .uV,/ r)^c>a, .„ '„,. san.r
'/"/A T.y,rr«pam, o,, thr Jhllomn,, (,/„//), ^t.t ..kW ttu, r.v ciW^a.o. all
fxris/inf III (I siiii//r nujlit.
No 64. KdvSvi.
kl
IH'rfoct and
^oii or tiling'
ith a mi(/htif
me wht'u im
; (I nil, iiiijlit,
on t/ir siDiif
rrtOayoVf all
Mummr ani. mmn-uvxrum. vkhi, an., tkns,.; stkms,
I'UINCII'AL PARIS OK IMI'OKTANl' VliRHS.
^1 f '""," '":'"' '"'•■''" « ""■'' » »i"».''" co„«„„a„l l,av. i|„. lirst
p... ... a,.,. ,H,rf..„t ,.,i,..lle »y,u.,„» i„«U.a,l oC H„. ....,l,„„i,,„,,i.,„. k. Hw
«...up ",:;■!.,:'"'" '""■'"""■"'' -"" " '- "■■" v.'.^ t..,, ,,„
te...l....-al auB„„.„t. This i„ callo.l A„u- ,-,.,l,„,lic:atio„.
r,. So„,„ ,e,.|„ whos,. ste... l„.gi,« will, a vowel Uk. th.. «yllal,ic a,.T „t
a» .the ste„. l,e«a„ with a co„Ho„a„t. Th..He vei-hs al,o ,■ .'
for he re,l„pheatio„. .So,„e.of the,,, have tl,e te,„,K„.. it , ,
»yn»l>,e a,.K„,e„t. Whe„ another , f„n„„,, ,. i, .„',„,,,,,,j " '" "'"
^ «. So,„e verhH derive,! tro„, „ou,„ ,„■ ,„ljeetives oo,„p„„,„|e,l with
me ge.,eral rule ( >74), „i all the sy,,te.,„ i„ which the verb oceurs.
^yst^ms""" ™""' "'''" ■■'*"'■' "'" "'""' ™""' ""'y "' »<"- of the tense
10. Vowel 8t«nia which retail, the short vowel rsee a o ,i ^ ^
-ome othe„ ,„ay a,l.l , to the fl„a. vowel beforlall ^di',',. „! 7™^ "
Kill, T i., the i^rfect and pluperfect ...iddle S„! . " '"'.'/"".mj,
before ^ or ., i„ the fi,.t passive .yste;^' """" "'"'' ""'•^ ''"^ ' ="«»
mi
m
Hi 'I
276
riiiM'ii'AL iwirrs of iMroirrANr VKitiiS.
11. Som.« v.«il.H with Mlu.rt v.-il. Mmun vxuUu^ i„ a ...uto or v loMKilu.n
tho Hlu.rt v..vv,.I in 8..ino ,.t (I,,. Iomsom. a I., ,,, c f. n or oi, w to .v. 'I'lio
Mlu.rtvr vorl. Htoiu K^uMally u,.,H.a.s i„ tlio ^ocon,! mniHt active „r ,>a«Hiv«.
IL'. Ston.H o<,nsistinK of a «lu.rt vowol hotwen, two coiiHoimntH ho.ihs
tinios iiiop tln< vowel.
la. S«»nu» v.Ml.s a.KI . lo tl.o vorl. Hton. ii. hoiuo <,f tlio to.iH.. NyHton.H.
M. Somo v.M-hs .Irop «r of tlio futun^ .st.Mii aii.l roiitrart.
ir.. Futums ill «r« aii.l lo-o^ai iVoi.i v.mI.h in it« of nioiv than two
NvllaM..s n.^Milarly tlrop «- and insoit <, and oontiact. Tho forms in M
and If) aro called thr Attir future.
Ul Soino vvrhs, instoad ..f a fiitniv in o-o^ai, or in ad.lition to it, havo
a fiiluro III <r.o^ai, oontract.'d o-owkioi, foriiu'd with tho toiise huIHx ««/
This is rallod the Don'r futiiiv.
17. Ill many v.mI.s the fiitur,. active does not oocur, and tho future
middle is use«l in its st««ad.
Ill
^ In the following, the numeral in parenthesis refers to the sections of
871. the siiiH«rior numeral to the notes at the foot of the pajje.
^X«
^•yiAOi
olWo-«(J)) iJviattO*) tfv«Ka(5>) ^yr^^aK
alp^w {alpe, A), take, seize, mid. tide for oneself, choose,
alp^o-o. ,Uov(r,) ^pT,Ka tfpt„*ai
TJWetiv (D)
T,Vet,v(0)
al<r6dvo)iai (alaS), perceive^
dKovw, hear,
AKo«<ro^ai (17) {ixovo^a dK^Koa^ (4)
Tf(ret|Hiai (13)
^oWOtiv (10)
» llie stem is reduplicated, dyay.—^v is dropped. ,ni . ,
• «v. Thu
paHHivti.
ii(h Hoiiie-
8tuinH.
Miiiii two
ins ill M
I) it, havo
lix ATI"/,.
le future
ictions of
nv (0)
,v (0)
re»iv(10)
/•A7^67/M/. PAUTS OF IMI'OUTANT VKUHS.
277
^'^<roi,a, MX«v.(f.) WX«Ka(r,)
^^"»' ' ^X«Ka
dXXdrrw (ax\o7), r/ja/jf/f,
*^^*«- *iu.{. ,xx.x. ^u.,,„ ^,«,,,, ^
i^lprdv. (aVa^r), ,„i„, ,.„, ,,„ ,„„„„ 'i^^*Vl»
(l'"M7)
(i;{)
(i.'U
(iii)
*"°'" *''*''*"' ::t\-s ^'■'--<^" *'-''"-<^'> /
pa(vM {(ia), go,
PVoHai(17) ipijva
P<Pr,«»
PAXXw (/9oX), //<row,
pXdirrw (/iXo/S), j>y«re,
P^'i'l'- jpXa^ra p^px^^^
PovX^cro|ioi (i;{)
VWjo-OHat (l.J) iY«v6^T,v ^'yovu
•yiYv«S«rK« (7to), perceive, know,
P^^aiiai (0) ipdeTjv (0) /
P^P^Tjuai 4pX^eTiv /
P^pXaji^oi 4pXd.f)9t,v /
P«PovXti^oi ( I .{) ipovX^Otj V (13)
Y«Y<vijl*a^ (l.'J)
?Yv««rnai (10) <Yv»<rei,v (10) /
Y<YP«+a (3) Y<YP«»*|iat (.•]) ^^pA+riv
' Second aorist of the ui form nm\ a «. ^
(790). ^ " ^^^"^- - Second aorist of the ^ form
jitfmmmmm
•278
ill
/
/
/
/
/
PlihycnWL IWHTS OF lAfl'OliTANT YKUHH.
8«£kvO|ai (5ejA), point nut, show,
8<p» 88«ipa
S^M, f)inU,
8VJO-W I8ii<ra
8<8«iYjiai <8«(x0t|v
6tf8ap|iai <Sdpt)v
8tf8<Ka (0) 8<8«,iai (0) <8.'9t,v (i>)
8<<i), 7jf<'(f, mill, need, desire, request,
8^<r«(i;5) 48V* (i:5) 8i8Va (l.'O 8«8^i„iai (13) «iVies,v (l.l)
8i8pli(rKu {Spa), run,
8pd«ronoi ( 1 7) 88pdv > 8<8paKo
S(8w(ti (So), give,
8«<rc* |8MKa (700, 4) moiKa
8wvo|iai {Svva), (h; able, van,
8vv^o-o|jiai
8<l«, make enter, intraiia. enter,
S^o-w KOtra 8<8vKa
I80v
W« permit,
iivi» ,tBo-a ^6) itBKa (6)
49Aci>, wish, desire,
W.XV« (l.'>) T|0<XT,o-a (18) rjarfXrjKtt (13)
8<8o}iai (9) lt69r\v (0)
8i8vvT))i«it <8vWieT)v
8<8v|iai (D) 48vei]v (D)
«tS)iai (5)
iUieT)v (6)
flirov ^e/ir, ^,o, ^e), said,
^^^ *^'~'' ««P^Ka(2) .tpt|^^ai(2) ipp^Srjv (738, 2)
iXavvw (Ao), f^r/DP, set in motion, inlraus. ru^p, drive, march,
i\&{U) r|Xao-a(8) 4\^XaKa^4,8) aViXaHiai(4,8) TiXdei,v(8)
i ■
1 Second aorist of the ut form (790).
PlilNCIPAL PAItm OF lAtrOHTANT VEims.
279
lir(o-To,iai iiniaTa), nnderHtaxd, know hoiv,
lirKTT^irofiai
liro|iai {ffeTr),\ronow, ammpany,
'*«»*«» i^ndiLnv (12)
4pY4j;onoi (ipyad), work,
<PYdo-o,ioi •lpYa<r(lH^v(r))
^Tri<rT^0ijw
JpXOHai {ipx, iXvif, i\0), f,o, come,
^^•ov ikii\v9a (4)
(VpYaa-fiai (6)
(4, », 10,1. 'J)
'Wav'' 84,aYov «^8oKa
(4,1>)
'X" (fffx. <rxe),» have, hold,
^'«« l<rxov (12) i(,XT,Ka
edwTw (Ta0 for <?a0),* frz/ry,
TJ8^<r0T|v
(1M0,13)
tjiprffinv (<>, i;{)
?<rxT)|jiai
eavnAt« (OavfzaS), admire,
9av^d<ro^at(17) Wa^ao-a T.eav^taKa
Ovtio-Ko) (<?a,.), tZ/e, /jc alain,
eavofi^ai(17) JOavov wevT,Ka
6<J«, mcrlfire,
W9a|i)iai
^OaufidcrOT)v
TttvK. (0) T«Vfl„ („) ,^,^^, ^^^
/
»o l,„.t ,„e future l„u, t,„r.pp™r,„,oe; T;;^^!'"';::"''™'' " "^ 'f ""■"'•
/
/
/
/
/
I '1^
280
^VM
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS.
?Tj|ii (i), send,
TKa'
lKv<o|jitti (Ik), come,
<lKa (6) «I,iai (5)
lYfiai-
tl9r\v (5)
l'<rTT)ni (o-To), set, make stand, intrans. stand, stop,
o-Tiio-w ?<rTTi<ra 4'<rTtiKa3 4'o-Ta|jiai (D)
KoXio) (Ka\e, K\e), call,
KoXw (14) iKdX€<ra(5>) k^kXtjko
K^KXtjfiaii
K]i(i) (kuv), burn,
Kaia-ta 2Kava-a
K^KavKa K^Kavfjiai
<<rrdOT|v (9)
JKXyjOtiv
JKav0T)V
KcXcvtt), order,
KXcto), shut,
kXcCo-ii) KKXcio-a
kX^ttta) (/cXctt), steal,
kX<»|;« JKX«<|;a K^KXotfta
K€KA€vo-jiai(10) iKiXjvo-eijv (10)
K^KX«ifiai 4KX(((reT)v (10)
K^KX<i<r|jiai(10)
K6irT(D (*f07r), cut.
K^KO<{>a
K^KXcfifiai.
Kp(\i,&vvvy.^ (Kpefia), hang up,
Kp<|i» (14) iKprffiao-a (0)
4KXdirT]v
4K<JirT|v
<Kp€nAor(lriv(9, 10)
Xo|ipdv<i) (Xoi3), take,
XVi^o,iai(ll,17) IXaPov €tXT,<|»a (2, 11) ftXrjHiHiai (2, 11) <X^<t,eT,v (11)
1 C/. the first aorist ¥0r,Ka (604, 6). -2 r is due to the augment and redupli-
cation, -s For an irregular (107) aearrjKa, the rough breathing representing the
first (T, as m the present. (So ^arafiai, for aearauai.) T'innfirffiPt. .u-rj..^ fo^
e-ffejTrjKt).
6)
v(9)
Btiv (10)
IV (10)
l>r]v(9,10)
(11)
redupli-
iting the
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS. 281
Xov0dv« {\ae), escape the notice of, mid. forget,
M<r«(ll) JXaOov X<Xi,0a (11) Xfl^nJ^iav (11)
X/y», gather,
«^«ea «t\oxa(2) .rXfy^oi (2) iX^^lv
Xiyia, say, speak, tell, relate, ^ ^^
^^^^ '^^ X«^«Y,.ai ^X^xeriv
\tlirtt (Kiv), leave,
X€f»|f« (11) JXiirov
X<Xoiira(ll) Xa«i,i,iai(ll) <X«(<|)eTjv (11) /
Xi\vKa(9) Xav|4ai(9) 4Xiiet|v (0) /
tiavOdvw {fMd), learn,
liae^ojiai (1.'], 17) 2^ia0ov |MndeT,Ka (13)
jiaxovnai (13, 14) *n»X«o-d(iiiv(0,13)
ii.iv<a, remain.
|M|iAx»»*ai(13)
|iv^(rtt)
|M|i^VT)Ka (13)
(AijivTio-Kw {(iva), remind, mid. remember, mention,
4ffivi](ra
von£j;« (j/o/itS), </itnA-,
vo|*i& (15) iv6^ia-a v€v6niKtt
orojioi or otfiai, <Amft, fteiiewe,
otyjo-ofiai (13)
6'XXwni (6X), destroij, lose,
*** fX«»-a (0, 13) iXcSXiKa (4, 0, 13)
wX6|ii]v ^X<!>Xa '4)
K^HVTjuaii ^|AvV0Tiv (10)
vivdnwTfiai *vo|ji(<ret]v /
^9i\v (13)
» With full reduplication, contrary to the rule (107).
/
is
/
/
282 PlilNCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS.
o|ioO,*at (17) ^oo-a(8) 0H«i^0Ka(-l,8) 6^.S^0Hat(4,8) i^detiv (8)
6pd<u (6,«, /5, a^), see, ^^•^'^''^ <«'1^>)
fil'OHai .l8ov (6) IdpSKa (f,) Wpa^at (6)
<«P«Ka(f)) Ji,*^ai j;4,e-v
OpVTTW (<J/01'X), dtf/,
opvt« aipvja op,ipvxa(4) 6p<4puY^iai (4) cipiixeT,v
o<^f(Xci> ((50cX),i owe,
o<j)«iXyj<ra) (l.J) ii<J>i(Xr,«ra (13) w^wiXrjKa (13)
w4»»M9i|v(13)
iraCw, strike,
ira(<r« Sfiraio-a
ir^iraiKa
<ira(<rOT)v (10)
ird<rxw (7ra<^, ttcv^), cxpericH<< \ sl(^ffer,
irc£<ro(ioi ■! ?ira0ov viirovda.
ir«£e« {ttiO), persuade, mid. obey,
ir.£ac*.(ll) «,r«io-a(ll) Wff«Ka(ll) u^,r.i(rHiai(ll) ^,r«fo-e,,v(n)
ir<iroi0o (11)
tXV« lirXi„ra „^^Xi,Ka W,Xr„iai ^irXyjo-flriv (10)
ir<irXii<rnai(10)
irtirni) (ttct, ttto), /«//,
TTto-ovnai (1(5,17) Sttco-ov ir^irTWKO
irX^w (ttXi/), sa//,
7rX«vo-of.at(ll,17) «VX«v«ra(ll) WirX€VKa(ll) WirXcvcruai (10, 11)
irX€«o-ow(iai (11,1(5, 17) ■- \ » /
irX^TTO) (jr\T;7, 7r\o7), smt'^e,
^X^{« «VXT,Ca w^uXtiYa ,ri^XT,7Hiai iirX^^nv
lirXdynv ^
1 <50e/\a, follows the analogy of short stems ending in a mute (1 1) in lengthen-
^ "^: ^'^'^ ■" "^^°^ o^ '^« tL•Il^5us. — - !/(? are Uropped before <r and the
preceding vowel is lengthened (738, 11). -« In composition.
6et|v (8)
6<r0t|v
(8, 10)
0i]v
iiX^0T)v(13)
Co-etjv (10)
ireTjv(n)
IO-0TJV (10)
yrjv
ytjv'
engthen-
and the
rUmClI'AL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VmBS.
trpirrn (irpdy), do, ad,
ir^irpfixa
^v0dvo,*a. irve), inquire, learn by inqxury,
i« veronal (11) <^e6|*t,v ,
■n-lirvo-ftai
^**« ^PP4a^ Ipp,^.. ,^^,^^^^
283
ivpiy^9i\%
'ppvi)i
<ppf<t>eT)v
^Pp(<^1)V
airdci), draiv,
W »«nraKa(8) .o-iracr^at (8. 10) ^<r,r4o^e^v (8, 10)
<rir€fp« {(TTfp), sow, scatter,
«nrcp« lo-TTfipa
«<rirap|iaL
<rra\„ (,„\), p„( i„ „rder, ejuip, s^nd,
o-rpi^a, turn, twist,
"p^+» S-P.+. ,„^. j„^^^^__^
<fH''5« i<Tw, awd), save,
<r<Snna
^crirdpT|v
^<rTd\i]v y
^o"Tpd<^ijv /
^<rTp^<j)0t|v ^
co-dxra
/
rtMm, complete,
} «r<A«a (8) T.TA«<r,*at (8, 10) i„X^„.e^v (8, 10) /
W|AV« (re^), cut,
«!*« ifTCJAOV
2ra|ioi
^^THHKa WT,*i„Am
^Tji^eri*
^ J^'or the reduplication, see 738 2 — 2 f^^ „
««e 738, 2. ' ■ '''*'' ^' ~ *«' ^J^e '-^iigment and reduplication.
H
Ij
/
/
/
/
J
284
ritlNCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS.
r^K« (to/v), melt,
T^{« (11) ItT){o (11) T^TTJKtt (11)
tCOtjixi ((9c), put, set, place,
9V» 2eT)Ka (0!)4, 5) WeciKa^
rp^irca, turn, bend, divert.
4tAktjv
MxeTiv(ii)
Srpairov
Tp^()><tf {rpftp for ^pe^)," nourish, support,
Tp<x« (r/)€x, 5/)om), run.
WOciliaii WOriva
WrpaiAfiai <Tpdin)v
lTpi^dr\v
r^Opa|i)jiai <Tpd(^T)v
40p<<{>9t)v
8pa|iioi})iai (17) S!8pa|fcov
8cSpdp,i)Ka (18) 8c8pd|jiT)|iai (13)
rpt^w {rpip, Tpip), rub,
Tpt<|/« irplr^a. rirpi^a
Wrpi|i)iai
TVYxdvo) {tvx), hit, attain, intrans, happen,
Tcv(o|jiai (11, 17) Itvxov TeTvxtjKa (13)
T^Tcuxa (11)
W-urx v^op.ai (o-ex, ax^), hold oneself under, promise,
{»iro-<rx^«ronoi vir-c(rx<i|Ailv ^ vir-^<rxt1|Aai
irpl^v
iTpt(^9t)V
()>av«a
ot(r<i>
<t>a(vtt> {(pav), shoio,
c4>i]va
ir^<)>aYKa
ir^<{>a(r|jLai
i<|>dv6T|v
^<{>dvT|V
<t>^pci) ((pep, ol, ivcK, ipeyK), bear, bring, carry.
fjvcYKa °
ivt\vo\o. (4) ^v^v€Ynai (4) ^v^x^rjv
1 The vowel of the verb stem is irregularly (274) lengthened to et in the first
perfpfrt and perfect middle systems. —^ de becomes re before d-qv. —3 See 738, 17.
— * Cf. fxta. — 6 Formed irregularly without <r on stem ipeyK.
s.
HxeT)v(ii)
lrp6,in\v
{tp^()>9t)v
I9p{^9r\v
Irpl^v
irpt^9r\v
PlilNClPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS.
285
♦««{0Hoi(ll, 17) j^j^^ov
«|>€w|oO|Aai(ll, 10,17)
w<«|nv7a (11)
4»Wv« (0<?a), firei </ie s<rtr< o/, anticipate,
4>e^<ronoi (17) K+etivi
4»e<i«r«a (9) jf^g^,^ ^g^
ifp« (0<?f^), dentroy,
tf^Ocipa
XP^ofiai, use,
XPVo,iai2 4xpr,<rdHt,v
4f<t>9apKa
SI4>6ap|Aai
K<XP»It*ai (3)
^4>®dpT)i
^ Second aorist of the ut form Cf 7nn 2 o^i
(ii74) lengthened to , in aU lhe"y«temal:.~ ..'-'' "' "'" ^"' '' "''^'^'<y
except the present.
/
i^6.v9r]v
t<|)dvT|V
TJv^Xerjv
in the first
See 738, 17.
{f'i
No. 65. 'Afia^ibv.
wr
WORD GROUPING.
Give the meanings of the following words. These words have all
occurred in the preceding vocabularies.
872.
0,7066$
dYopii
OY<i>**
d8(\(j>6s
dOpof^o)
dvOpwiros *
dpird^w * *
Pdp^apos *
^ovXcvw * *
•ydp
Y^4>vpa
SapciKds
8^
8c£i6s
8id
8iapird{(d * *
8lUK(l)
8Mpov
FIRST WORD LIST. (Lk
£XXt|vik6s *
kv*
<|*
4iripov\(v(i) * *
Ev(}>paTT]s
T)(i^p5 *
OdXarra
etds*
6t)p(ov
0vpa*
Gvo)
Viriros *
Ka(
KaKds
KCiX6s*
KCXCVA)
KX^ap)(os
Kpav-y^
Kvpos
K<a)iT|
X670S*
Xvw*
(laKpds
(idxciipa * *
1*^X1 * *
|ilKp6s *
|Ai(r66s *
vcav(as
6, T|, t6
686s*
otvos *
oirXtrrjs * *
SSONS III.-XII.)
i'lrXov * *
6'pKOs
o4**
oCtc . . . o{5t€ * *
7rc8Cov
ircXrao'T'^s * *
IT Att] * *
W^iro) *
n^poTis *
irXotov
iroX^|iios * *
ir6Xc|jios * *
irorafids *
irpbs
irvXtj
<rT€v6s *
o-Tparcvw * *
(TTparnYds * *
o-rpari^ * *
(TTpaTKOTTIS * *
(rvp,|iaxos * *
<rwv *
<r(j>cv86vT)
t6cOv * *
TOJ^TTJS * *
t6t«
rpdirc^a
TplSKdiTlOl
i|>av€p6s
<j>oP€pds**
(bdfios* *
({>vXaKifi
Xtopa * *
Xwptov * *
»
Cl>
873. An inspection of this List shows that these words are
not all separate units, but that some of them are related to
others both in form and in meaning.
Thus, 6VX0V, 6irXtTT|s ; ir^Tti, ircXTao-T^s ; irdXt^os, iroX^|iios ; rdgov, To|6Tris ;
<|>dpos, ^sogrpds; X'^pS, X«piov, ^dxn» Jidxaipo, o-v^-^oxos ; o-Tparid, o-Tparwi-
TTis, orrpaTcvw, <rTpar-T]Y6s {army-leader, ayu).
Is have all
arii * *
OTKOTtJS * *
jiax^os * *
i'86vT|
Tt|S**
Eods * *
XKlfj
***
ords are
lated to
V, ToJdTTis ;
>) o-rparuii-
WORD GROUPING. 287
874. Greek words, tlien, fall naturally into aro,n^. T>
words in any ^rouu are relntp,! f. ? ^ ^ ^^'^
and in ^ "^.^'^^P '^le lelated to one another both in form
Zt TT"^' Some words, called compound words Z
related to two or more separate simple words, as alTny6^^
which IS related both to crxpaxtS aid to Hy., lllThlt
compound verbs. ^ belong
E. 2h xtus ""'^^" other language., notably Latin and
876. English words may be related to Greek words in thp
same manner a« Latin words, the Greek and eIi s^ wo J
havmg a common original source. Their connectfo^ in fol
nT y^vf *"*">• ^""'^ ^°'''« ^'-e called cognate
?S" 6^.1 T": "•' '■""^^^ ""•""""' f™- ««rword::
Ji P«Ppap.s, 6artarous; 'EXXnnKds. #«/W, e«is, «a/J
X«5Y»S, pkUo-logy. "pairos, phil-anihropy ;
f., *''■ /V'" "^ ^'*''' ^'•""''■""^ importance to note and fix in
the mind the relationships of Greek words.
/» «.?«,'m^ a areeh vocabulary, do not commit word> to
that ekou,affimty in form and meanin,. and associate JtkttZ
the related Latin and English words.
stars. The double star do-n^fi .1 J "'^'^^^ ^i*^ ^ «tar or
word, or to otr^er S^H t Jr" ' '•"*" '° ''"°^''- «-•=
288
WOIW GROUPINO.
878. SECOND WORD LIST. (Lessons XIIL-XXI.)
In this List, and in the six follow inj,' Lists, first givo the meanings of
tlie words, and then inspect, in the gen.'ral vocahulary, the etymological
statements about all the words that are marked with a star or stars. The
double star signifies that the word is related to another (Jreek word, or to
other Greek words, in the List under consideration or in previous Lists.
, Occasionally a related word is given in parenthesis which might other-
wise be overlook(Ml ; but no related word is thus given which would be
suggested by a proper use of the general vocabulary.
d-yopdjlw * *
d^pios *
&Kpos *
dX^6«ia
&XXos*
dvTd*
dird*
ASp«tos**
SacTfids
Sfivds
8tKT|*
ctKOcri *
«lj4( * #
^KCIVOS
diroir^fiiro) * * IvrovOa**
&iropo$ * *
Apttrriinros
'Aprol^plTis
dpx^*
drCfid^w
avr6s *
PopPapiKds** lirrd*
PairCXcios i'TOi|Jios
Ypd<(><i> * ||
IvTcvOcv * *
^iriPovX^ * *
^irwTToX^
JiriT'/jScios
©CTTaXds
6t)Pcv(i> * *
Uavds
Urx^jpds
\iyfa * *
(\67oj)
Xoxa^^^s
Ma(avSpos*
lioXXov
ficrd
oiSv
OVTOS * *"
0(jT(i)S * *"
ira(a>
irdXiv*
irdw
irapd*
irapdScicros *
Trapao'd'YYTis
irapao-Kcv^
irdpcifii * *
)iiCTair^)iir(i> * * irdpoSos * *
fJi^pioi
l^vos
88€**
JXcOpos
oXf^yos*
6'Xos*
6vos*
SpOios
irctOo) * *
(tt 10-76$)
itivrt *
ir^pSv
IIcpo-iK6s * *
irwrrj^w * *
irtoTTds * *
iropctOofiai * *
carpdinjt
<rirov8li *
(rra6|ids
(rv|iPovX(iift> * *
<ru)tir^)i,ira) * *
flr«aTpaT€V0|Mn**
ri
tnrd*
((ttXio? * *
<j>tXos*
(^povpapxos
^pvyCS
«8€**
«aT«
879. THIRD WrRD LIST. (Lessons XXIL-XXXL)
d8iK^(o * *
&Ha**(«Ma^o) &was**
&p|ia
dcrirCs
aSiKos * *
d(i<|>{ * d-irXovs
apv d) * *
a«
dKLvdiTTie
J-
avd* ^,p.y..^pQA5
{(ppovpapxoi)
pod(i>
dXXd**
dird-yu * * dpi6|Ji6s *
^PXAtV ^ ^
PovXo|iai * *
WOitn GROUPING.
neaningH of
iymological
itars. The
word, or to
IS Lists.
light other-
i would be
)0)iai * *
d-)n]t
ovXciio * *
i^itta * *
>aTcvo|iai^*
a ''^ ^l^
»apxo8
S
Y^p«v
S^vSpov
SiApv{
«t
(Ira
fKacrros
JKWV
'EWdfi * *
i\irL%
Siri i|&i * *
^pwrdd)
<{Svovt * ♦
^Y^o^at * *
ij8ij
9av|id]|«»
e<&pa{*
KaKUS * *
KaX^w *
KciXws * *
Kard
KaTaK6irTa> * *
KaraXcdrw * *
Kfjpvg
KX(i»i|r
X«(ir«**
fi^iros *
(/ivd
viKdw * *
vtKTJ ♦ *
voOf ^ #
vi»g«
6p|id<*i
6'pvis *
6'ti
OWK^Tl ♦ *
iriipdofjiai*
iript*
iroi^w *
iroXifi^w 1^ *
troXXdKif
irpOTTW*
irp6 **
IIp6((vos
TpWTOS * *
o-t6Xos
CTdfia
(rTpdrivfjia * *
<rTp«irT6s
o-vvdY« * *
irapoo-K«udt«* * o-vvrdTTw * *
ird$ * * (wdvv) TdTTw * *
880. FOURTH WORD LIST. (Lkssons X.XXII.-X
dY<&v * *
airiia
dKoiio) *
dfjiaxc( V»
dvVip*
280
Tifidw* * {irlfii^ia)
TpidKovra
wirrfp*
bcTTcpos *
<|>dXoY{*
(j>i,X^(*» * ♦
<t>vXci£ *" '^
<|>vXdTT« * ♦
XaXKoGs *
Xoptfis * ♦
Xdpis * *
XtXioi
Xpdo}iai * *
Xp^(ia**
XPV(rovs ■*
LI.)
fto-o.** #Vrdo^iav
iKaWpw0«v * * KardYw * *
6vouoii '^ ^
4kci * *
^XavvA) ^ *
dir^avvft) * * "EWtjv * *
dirox«p<« * * ^fiirdpiov * *
dpYiJpiov** ^awardw*
pa<riX€v«** ^ffiKfvSvvos** Xoiirds**
8«£8«**(5«;,6j)»4m,i€X^OHai * * Xvtt^o,*
*^** iirio-iT(Jo|ioi** M^vwv
k(v8vvos^*
kXc Cm *
kvkXos * *
kvkX6w * *
KwXvw
Xaix^dvM
|iai
««
8iapaT6s i'iro|jioi *
8iao-irdw * * ^ ^ptinos *
8fKaios** i'T«pos*
8oK<<«'» 4xOp<i8*
|Jli]TT|p *
fiKrOoAtfpos ^ ^
|ii(r6<ici> * *
vCv*
otKaS***
(fi/tii/i/yuos)
oit^ * *
irapaKaX^w * *
va.p(\ijt * *
iroT^p *
Iff Jtj * *
irc^ds * *
irXrio-id^a)
iroios
iroXiopK^b)
irop{|[(i) * *
7r6<ros ,
irpaYp-a * *
TTUS
^qi8(a>$
^^T(i>p
VITOS * *
o-frdw * *
<rTep<»
o-UYKaX^w * *
O-VflTTOptVOfiai * *
<r4>cv8ov'/JTT]s * *
o-xoX^ * *
<ra)|jia
Tdxa'
Tififj * *
Tt|ilOS * *
Ti|iWp{(l) •
(bcvYb) * ^
<|>oP^(i) * *
(pVYds * *
'|'Tj<j)£j;o(iai *
<^(^(X^«i»
ail.
; I ■
H::J
r
290
881.
dSvvarot
cUTidofjiai*
dXtieVjt * *
dXXfjXwv**
d)i«Xtfw * *
(dM0/)
dvdYKT)
djfvri*
diraiWw * *
dirapdcrMvos * *
d(n(>aX^S *
airCKa * *
d<)>iKv^Ofjiai * *
d()>iinr«{iw * *
Pidj^ofiai *
^^vos * *
'YV)Xo()>os * *
WORD GliOUPlNQ.
FIFTH WORD LIST. (Lkssons XLII.-L.)
Sairavdw *
8<0po
SfjXos * •
8ia<r<{>{<i> * *
SiSdo-Kw
8iit>0tfpa
8p6|xos
javToO * *
J'YKpaT'/is * *
i^w **
{|iavroC * *
fvfKa
liriX«(irw * *
4irio-iTi(r|i6s * *
^iriTp4ir« * *
itpos*
T||l^T(pOS * *
(8i(&nit *
KarcurKiirro-
KaTa^av/jt
K^pckS *
Kpdvos *
Kpdros * •
AaK<8ai)i4vio«
X6\os * *
(UXSs*
)Up08
|ii)K^rt * *
^vXov
6)jkaX^s * *
6|ioXoY^o> * *
dirX(|^(i> * *
op'yyj * *
« *
opY(lo|iai
<po«
oCira* * *
wait*
irapaKiXfvo-
Hai**
irt]Xds
irXtfOpov
irX^jpris
iroXvTfX^t
irp(v * *
irpdOCp-os * *
irpoo'f Xavvw * ♦
irpoir^Ka) * *
(TCaVTOV * *
(TK^irTOjiai * *
fr6% **
o"iriv8bt
«rTpar6irc8ov * *
{iribLov)
o'x«8(B
'X'l** *
(r\oXa{(i»« * •
2(ltKpdTT)t
Tax<«t**(T(ixa)
TliXOt *
ToX^dw *
Tdirof •
rp^iTM • *
Tpiyjprit
^^^r^po% * *
^tvy^i * *
X«tp*
XPTll«
«|f^lOV
wpS*
tMTircp
882.
SIXTH WORD LIST. (Lessons LI.-LX.)
B<(*
PaO^s
8dpv«
!{«**
{\U% * *
al<rxp<Ss
Pao-iXciis * *
Siivafiis
4irti8yi**
•{^(AlO-i^S *
dKp6iroXis * *
Pios*
8<&8(Ka**
. ^iriKovpT)|ia
0dviJiro«
dir^pXO|iai * *
. poTje^w * *
^YY^S
Jlp^ov *
Upds *
« dir^X'^ * *
{^odu})
tts**
jp|iT)ViVS *
linrcvs * *
dirop^o) * *
pows*
iKiro8cSv * *
Spxo|iai * *
l«r«s*
"Aprcixis
P«|U>?
'EXX^<rirovTos
• ciJvottt**
IxWJs*
OO-TV
•Vivv.- »
^(aiT^w * *
^ttS
% Kaipds
do-<^aXtas * *
yrsr^i**
licijii**
tda>«
KaTaXa|iPdvM^i^
avTdOi * *
■yvvii^*
^cXa^vM*')'
Zctis
« KaTttX<{(i»**
BapvXMV
8^X<*f^^ *
, t|«Ta<ri«*
|«n|*
KttTairpSrrw * *
WOlil) iiliOUl'lNG,
«•
'I" *
oXofun**
T0«*
iir« * *
ITfpOf * *
uov
l»
ircp
;5**
.0'1.»J *
u,ros
is*
IS *
p<Ss
raXa|iPdvw**
raX<ia> * *
rairpSTTW^ *
KaTa«j/Ti<^(];o-
|Aai * *
kX^ittw ♦ *
KoXd(u
Kp^VT)
X^Y''* * *
XdYXT
tidXio-ra * *
(idxo^ai * *
\i.iya.% *
fi^VTOl
MtXtjTos
(i6vos *
voO«*
oUtfu * *
otop.ai,
£ino-0(v
6ir6T«
OpbvTfis
if *«
6'<rTis * *
ov8«(s * *
ovS^iroTf * *
OVKOVV * *
oCiroT* * *
owirwiroT* * *
irivTf Ka(8cKa *
•irfjxvs
irXa(o'iov
iroXifAiKdt * "*
ir6Xi« * *
{iroXiopKiui)
iroXvs * *
Trop«(a * *
iroT< * • .
TTOus * * (iref6j,
Tpdtre^a)
irp6or6«v * *
irpocKw^w *
irpoo-rdTTw * *
irpoTifxdw * *
* SdpScis
o-Kcvo4>6pos
orrdSiov
o-TpaniY^w ♦ *
o-TparoTf 8(v(tf* *
(ruXX<Y« *
<r«TVjp * *
rdfis * *
Td4>pot
Taxvs * *
TfXf vrdw ♦ * ,
t«X«utVj * *
WXos * * «
Wrrapfs * *
(rpdiTi^a)
201
Tp«tt»»(Tpid/tOI^
TO, Tpia,K6<XlOl^
TpiT^pr)s)
rplro% * *
i}8wp *
VTricrxv^Ofiai**
iiiroXdw ♦ *
^iX(a * «
XaX<ir6t
X(pp(SvT)<rot
XiXds
Xp6vos *
883. SEVENTH WORD LIST. (Lksson.s LXI.-LXX
dvY^XXw * *
alp^A) *
a((r6dvo|Aai *
dXXdTTb) * *
dvao-WXXw * *
dvarcCvw * *
dv8pd'Tro8ov
dv8p(ios * *
dv8pc(ws* *
dv^X** * *
&v«* *
d|i<S<k» * *
aiTayyiKKo * *
diraXXdrro) * *
diroOviftrKu * *
diroKpivofiai * *
diroKTcCvco * *
ciit'OO'irdb) * *
«_<. J\ V .. ^ ^
diror^lAVM * *
diro«t)a£v« * * «"v0a * # Kp^wrw *
PdXXw * * ^JoirXi<r(a * * kt«(v« * *
(elafioX-^) iiria-rpartvo * * Kwfi^Ttjs**
PapPapiKws** ^pYdJofJiai** Xdepqi
)
PXdlTTW *
Yvcontj
"yvjxv^s*
oidvci) ^ ^
SiatrircCpu * *
8iaTcX^ci> * *
8tiaTptp(u * *
8ia4>6<(p<i)* *
^YK^<|>aXo$ * *
clKd^cii
«v8aifx6v<i>s * *
OdlTTW * *
(rdtppoi)
Sapped) *
Ovfi'a-Kft) * *
(Odvaroi)
0<5pvPos
9<apoLKil<t> * *
l<rxvp«s * *
€l'tTOV**{(>T^TWp) K€<j)aX^**
«KPdXX« * * KIlpijTTft) * *
^KirX^TTIO * * KIV8VV«V« * *
■ciXXt|viKws * * Kpf]s
^ftirilTTW * * Kptvtt * *
p>dvris *
\i.iv<a *
vdinj
Ol^KOl * *
ol(av6s
6pd(a * *
(rTfiup^u)
OpvTTCi) * *
(Siwpv^)
ov8auov * *
o<|>((Xw
o4>0aX(i6s * *
fixerj
irai8cv(i) * *
vapayyiKXu * *
irapardTTCD * *
irdcrxw *
TrilTTW * *
irXfjOos
irX^v
irXTjorfos * *
irXi^TTw * *
iroviia * *
ir6vos * *
irbTcpov . . . T|'
irov
irpoOvucos * *
•irpoa^pXO(iai**
WpOTp^XW * *
irvv6dvo)iiai
irvp *
^qi8ios * *
<rt)|Aa{vA> *
(TKtVO^Opiti * *
HI:
'J I
f
li'-i
r
292
WORD GROUPING.
a-rrtlpa * * <r<|>6Spa *
«rW\X«* * (iiTL- (rwTT]p(a * *
(TToX:^, ardXas) Tapdrrw
0-TpC<t>(d * * TC(VU * *
{aTpeirrds) TcXcvraios * *
r(\i(a * * rpipw * *
ri\i.v<a * * VTT&yoi * *
T€TTapdKovTa** viroXcCiro) * *
T'^KW * <}>a(v(i> * *
rp4\<a * * ^Btlpu * *
XaXcira(v(i) * *
Xi<ov*
XpvcCov * *
wvios
884. EIGHTH WORD LIST. (Lessons LXXI.-LXXX.)
'A9T]vaios *
attrxvvo) * *
atxp-dXiOTos * *
oXCo-KOfiai * *
d\\(i)s * *
d|jiapTdv<i>
a.vayiyvu)<rK<a* *
dvaTC9T]|ii * *
dv(<rTt]|Ai * *
dircifii * * (elfii)
diro8c£Kvv|jii * *
diroSiSpaaKw * *
dirdXXvfii * *
AirdXXiav
diroiropcvcfJiaL^ *
'ApKds
avTOv * *
d(|>tT](ii * *
PaCvo) * *
^aKTr\pLa* *
Pia((i)s * *
yippov
yiyvuxTKU) * *
{yviiifiT))
y6w*
8cCKVV|il * *
(diddffKw)
8^pp.a * *
Sipa * *
8«'«* (bind)
8iaPa(v(i> * *
8iaT(0Tini * *
8i8paaK()) * *
{8p6fji,os, rp^xco)
8£8«nt**(5u)poj')
8i€Xavv«**
8vva)i,ai * *
(dSi/yaroj)
8v(i> * *
£k8^Po> * *
^HirfnirXTjiAi* *
CVbVO) * *
c|aK6<rioi *
tTTtip.1* * (elfjn)
itnB(iKVvp.i* *
iirlKap.ai * *
^ir((rTa|iiai
^7riTt9T)|il**
tvpLtTKia
i^i<rTr\\u, * *
|t]X(i)t6s *
6av)ta<rT<is * *
iT^nt* *
iiririKos * *
ICTTtJIJll**
KdOT|p,ai *
Ka9(a"rr]p.i * *
KaCircp * *
Kdv8vs
KaraKi^o) * *
Karao-xfto* * *
Kcifiai * *
Kovioprds
Kpc)Jidvvvp.i
KpCiris * *
Xav9dva> * *
{dXrid'^s, dX^-
deia, Xdffpqi)
Xcvk6s *
X(9os *
ftavOdvd) *
Mapcvas
p.i\(\.**{iTrifi€\i-
ofiai, d/ieX^w)
(JlCTdirCp.lTTOS * *
(iifjiroTc * *
|ii(r9o(|>opd * *
vcKpds *
vc4>^Xt| *
ot8o * *
oCxofiai
oXXvjAi * *
(dXeffpos)
Sp.vvp.1.
r/
ocros
iroXxdv
'n-apa8(8(*>|i.i^^
ir((j,irXT]p,i * *
(ttX^Pijs, irXrjdos)
irXidi** (irXoiov)
irpo8iaPa£vu * *
irpo8(8(i)fi.i * *
irp6ci|ii * * (eJ/ut)
irpocXavvw * *
irpoti)|ii * *
irw
pidi*
o-aXirC^o) *
o-T^<|>avos *
crvfAp,ax£a**
o-vvoiSo* *
<rwvT£9T]|jii * *
(r(D(}>pocrvvT) * *
r(9T|p,i, * *
TlTpc&O-Kb)
T6|€vp,a * *
toctoBtos
Tpoir^ * *
Tvyxavci)
uiroirTCiia) * *
voTTcpaios * *
<j>^p(i> * *
{filer do<p6pos,
<rKevo(f)6pos)
(j>9dv(i)
<)>Xvap^(i) * *
((>XvapCa * *
XaXcirws * *
XpvaoxdXivos**
i\cira(v(i) * *
civ*
ivcCov * *
IS
I) *
XirC^ci) *
^<)>avos *
H(j,a\£a**
voiSa * *
vt(0t]}jii * *
<j>po(rvvT) * *
It]|jii * *
-pcoo-Kb)
jtvfta * *
rovTOs
w^ **
9irTCV(i) * *
rcpaios * *
)(i) * *
ucr6o(pbpo%,
Kevo(f)6po9)
iva
uap^o) * *
uSpCa * *
^cirws * *
iaoxdXivos* *
VOCABULARIES.
INDEX.
M
A HH RE VI AT IONS.
acr. =ap('usativo.
jict. — iU'tivc, -ly,
adj. =a(l,ii'c'tivt', -ly.
adv. = adverb, adverbial, -ly.
antec. = antecedent.
aor. = aorist.
apod. =aiK)d().si8.
art, = article.
(/. = coti^fer, compare.
coniiii. =('onini()nly.
conip. = comparative.
cond. —condition, conditional.
donj. = conjunction
const. = construction.
contr. = contraction, contracted.
dat. = dative.
def. = definite.
den)., demon. = demonstrative.
dep. = deponent.
dim. = diminutive.
dir. = direct.
disc. =discoui"8e.
Dor. = Doric.
e.g. = for example.
end. = enclitic.
Eng. = English.
esp. = especial, -ly.
etc. = and so forth.
f., ff. = following.
feni. = feminine.
f ut. = future.
gen. = genitive.
i.e. =that is.
impers. = impersonal, -ly.
impf., imperf. = imperfect.
imv. = imperative.
indec, inded. = indeclinable.
indef. =: indefinite.
indie. = indicative.
jndir. = indirect.
inf., iiidn. --= infinitive.
interr. = interrogative, -ly.
intr., int runs. r= intransitive, -ly.
Lat. = Latin.
lit. = literal, -ly.
nuiac. = masculine.
nud. = middle.
neg. —--negative, -ly.
neut. = neuter.
No.. Nos. = Number, Numbers.
uom. r- nominative.
obj. =1 object.
opt. = optative.
orig. = originally.
p., pp. = page, pages.
part., partic. = participle.
jiass. = paasiv(% -ly.
pers. = person, pensonal, -ly.
pf., perf. = perfect.
pi., plur. ^^ plural.
pipf., i)lup. = pluperfect.
post-i)osit. = post-positive.
pred. = predicate.
prep. =prei)ositi()n.
pres. =i)resent.
pron. = pronoun.
prop. = proper, -ly.
prot. = protasis.
refiex. == reflexive, -ly.
rel. = relative, -ly.
sc. = S(yilicet-
sec. = second.
sing. = singular.
subj. ^= subject.
subjv. = subjunctive.
subst. == substantive, -ly .
sup., super. = superlative.
fi.v. = sub voce.
tr., trans. = transitive, -ly.
voc. = vocative.
YOCABULAIMES.
••f JCi<
I. GREEK-ErsTOLISH VOOARTTLARY.
In tlio follow inn; Vociibuliiry tin. v.'rh stoiii of ojich siuiplo vorb is f,MV(Mi in
parenthesis .lii-ccdy after Mk. preHciit indi.-alive, unless this stem iip].."Hrs uurh.iunvil
in tlH, present, indicative.. The verb stem and principal parts of a c...i,ponnd verb are
not ^^ven if the- sinipl.. verl) o,vurs elsi^wben, in tlu; Vocabulary or presents no
dinicultu'S. Arabic numerals refer to tli(! sec-tionsof this book or totln^ illustratii.ns-
in tlie hitter case the abbreviation " N(»." precedes. '
The derivation of most words is indicated within I)ra(rket8 or by means of tho
dafrj,^er, whi.-h points up (J.) or down (t) or in both .lirections (J) to some simpl.-r
related word or words. If no indication oj' tlu* d(>rivation is alvvu, the etymol..;.ricHl
connection of the word is unknown, (h)ul)lful, or too dithcult to be dis.-nssed h'ere
(ir(^(.k words within brackets whiidi are printed in bhutk-facc! letter oc.-ur in the body
of th(( Vocabulary, 'i'he parts of compound words are separated by a hyphen.
d-, an inseparable particle, (1) nega-
tive; (2) copulative.
&, see OS.
'APpoKdjAtts, a (Dor. gen.), 6, Ahro-
comuH, satrap of riioenicia and Syria,
and commander of one fourth of the
king's army.
d-yo-yeiv, dYd-y^l, etc., see dyu.
d-yaGds, i), 6u, (i;5, 577, 7r)t), good in the
broailest sense (as oppo.sed to KaKds),
brave, expert, upright, noble, useful,
excellent; dyaOdv, t6, good, good thing;
pi., good things, blessings, supplies;
KaXds Kal dyaOSs, KaXbs KayaBb's, noble
(Hid good, ' gentleman.'
HyyiWoi (dyyeX), dyyiXQ, ijyyei\a,
vyyeXKa, 17776X^101, TiyyiXO-qv, 501, briny
ne.ms, announce, report. 028.
d"y"y€\os, ou, 6, 141 [angel, ev-ange/ist],
messenger, scout, envoy, herald.
d-yttpw (dyep), riyeipa [Lat. yrex,
crowd, Eng. pan-egyric], collect.
jd-yop^, aj, 17, 40, assembly, meeting,
place of assembly, Lat. forum, esp.
market-place, market; dfKpl dyophv
TrXT^Oovaav, about the time of full market,
forenoon.
id-yopdtcD (dyopab), dyoodtro), eti;, 178,
frequent the market, buy, purchase;
mid., buy for oneself.
)■
M
&7pios
&YP^os, a, o;/, l.'U [dyp6s. field, Lat.
ager, IOmk. acki;], ranyiny the Jiclds,
loild.
ayta, dfw, riyayov, ^xa, ^y/xai, VX^V^,
i)(>, 77(), 871 [Lilt. (t(fo], Hctyoing, drive,
lead, hriiKj, eonduef, carry, eomeij ;
intrans., lead on, march, go; dYwi*,
dyoi/T€s, with.
|dY<iv, wj/oj, 6, 840, 745 [Kng. agony],
a bringing together, asseinbli/, contest,
struggle, games ; dyQm ndivai or noiuv,
hold games.
d8€\4>6s, ov, 6, 04, brother.
td-8iK^w, dStK^oj, etc., 282, be unjust,
do lorong, wrong, injure, vvitli fut. mid.
as i)ass. ; pres. as pf., have done xorong,
be in the wrong, and so in tlie pjiss., be
wronged, have suffered wrong.
|d-8(KTi(i.a, aros, t6, wrongdoing, of-
fence.
a-8iKos, ov, 282 [8£kh], unjust, wicked ;
&3\Kos, the wrongdoer.
n-8vvaTos, ov, 4(i2 [8vvap,oi], unable,
powerless, impossible.
tfi, adv., 527 [Lat. acnum, age, Eng.
KVKK, ayk], always, ever, from time to
time.
'AOiivo, as, Tj, Athena, the patron
goddess of Athens. See Nos. 0, 40,
50, ()0, (53.
I'Aeiivai, Qv, al, Athens.
I'Aetjvaios, a, 01/, 73.3, Athenian;
'AdrjvaTos, 6, a7i Athenian.
depo£j;« (ddpoi8), ddpolffw, etc., 04
[d(?/)6os, in a body], iness close together,
collect, as troops, Lat. cdgd; mid.
intrans., muster.
al, al', see 6, 3$.
^ alv^o), aiviau, fiveaa, yvcKa, ^'"?Mat,
Vf^Ov, 871 [alvos, ^a/e, pmzse], praise.
4 dKpdrroXis
olp^w (ai/oc, f\), alp-fi<TU], dXov, vprfKa,
Wvp-ai, ripieT)v, (iU), 871 [di-aeresis.
heresy], take, seize, capture; nud.,
take for oneself, choose, prefer, elect.
ols, s('(> 8s.
olo-edvojioi (aiffO), ahe-fiaofiai, iffOb-
Mv, vffdrjfiai, (120, 871 [aesthetic], per-
ceive, learn, see, observe; witli gen.,
hear, hear of. 028, 840.
olo-xpds, 4, 6i>, 548, shameful, base,
disgraceful.
jalo-xuvw (alaxvv), alaxvpw, wx^fa,
Wx^v^vv, 004, shame; mid. as i)ass.
dep.,/ee/ ashamed, feel ashamed before,
stand in awe of.
airiia, alTi/iaco, etc., 327, ask for, beg,
demand. 838,
alrto, dy, ^, blame, censure
|alTido|iai, aiTiiaofiai, etc., mid. dep.,
410, 6/a7uc, reproach, accuse, charge.
alxH-A^wTos, 0)/, 005 [alxfi-^ (for dK-t^T?,
r/. oKpos), spear point, spear, +d\£<rKo-
fiat], captured by the spear, taken in
loar, captured; alxfidXuroi, ol, cap-
tives.
dKivdKtis, 01^, 0, 202, short sword, a
weapon carried by Persians, Medes,
and Scythians, worn on the right side,
su! pended from a belt, over the hip.
See No. 11.
c.KOvrLltc (dKovTiS), dKovriC) [dKuv,
javelin, dart, cf oKpos], hurl the javelin,
hit with a javelin, hit.
dKOVd), dKoia-o/xai, ijKovcra, dx^Koa,
7iKoija0r]i>, 327, 871 [Lat. caned, take
care, Kng. acoustic], hear, learn, hear
of, listen to, give heed to. 028, 84(5.
tdKpd-irQ.X.o, f„?, i}, 478 [+ ifdXis,
Eng. acro-polis], upper city, acropolis,
citadel.
II
[di-aeresis,
ure; mid.,
fcr, elect.
ro/xai, xi(t66-
fhetic], pcr-
with gen.,
leful, base,
1. as j)asH.
tned before,
ik for, beg.
mid. dep.,
, charge.
(for aK-i/xT],
+ elX£<rKO-
', taken in
, ol, cap-
' sword, a
s, Medes,
right side,
I- the hip.
'hejavelin,
lued, take
•am, hear
18, 84(;.
acropolis,
aKpos
aKpoe, a, Of, 18H [Lat. aeies, sharp
edge or point, Kiig. Kixiio, ac/we, acro-
bat], pointed, at the point, highest, top-
most; &Kpoi>, t6, height, summit; to.
&Kpa, the heights.
dX^TTjs, ov, [a\iu), grind], lit.
grinder, only iis adj. in the phrase ficoj
d\^T77s, upper mill-stone, marked dd in
No. (i(). At the right of the upper
figure, not quite one half of the out-
side of the mill
is shown; at the
loft, a vertical sec-
tion. The stone
base is m.arked
«, and terminates
above in the cone-
shaped lower
mill-stone o, in
the top of which
is set solidly a
heavy iron peg
(a in the lower
figure). The up-
per stone dd is in
the form of an hour-glass, the lower
half revolving closely upon c. The
upper stone is closed at its narrowest
part by a thick iron plate '6 in the
lower figure), in which there are five
holes. The peg in the upper part of c
{a in the lower figure) passes through
the liole at the centre of this plate ;
through the others, arranged round it,
the grain, whicli was put into the up-
per half of dd, or the hopper, passed
downwartl. When the upper stone was
turned by means of the bar/, the grain
gradually worked its way downward,
and was ground into flour in the groove
No. 66.
5 GlXw(ro|iai
e by the friction of tlie two nnigh sur-
faces, and fell into the rill b below.
td-\^6cia, OS, 7j, 178, truth, sinccritij.
td-\i)0cv(>>, oK-qeeixTU), riX-fjOevaa, speak
the truth, tell the truth.
A-Xij0^s, is, 420, 752 [Xovedvw], un-
concealed, true ; rb AXrjeis, the truth.
aX((rKO|iai {d\, d\o), dXwaofxai, idXuv
and rJXwj/, idXwKa and ijXuKa, 701, 871,
be captured, taken, caught, l)e convicted;
used as p;iss. to alpiu.
tdXXd, adversative conj., 2;]r> [neut.
plur, of dWoj with changed accent],
otherwise, in another way, on the other
hand, still, but, yet. It introduces
something different from or opposed
to what has been said before, and
occurs frequently after negatives. At
the beginning of a speech, by way of
an abrupt transition, or to break off
discussion, loell, ivell but, however, for
my part.
tdXXdTTw (d\Xa7), dWd^w, ^XXa^a,
^XXaxa, vXXayfiai, v'XXdxdv'' and ^X-
Xdyrjv, 578, 871, make other, alter,
change.
tdXX^Xwv, reciprocal pron., 440, 7()l
[par-allel], of one another, each other.
aXXos, T), 0, 150 [Lat. alius, other,
Eng. ELSK, allo-pathy], other, another;
with the art. , the other, the remaining,
the rest, the rest of; fiXXot AXXws, Lat.
alii aliter, some one way, others an-
other ; with numerals and in enumerat-
ing objects, besides, further ; oid^i^&XXo
ij, nothing else than, only.
jaXXws, adv., 6(i4, otherwise, in an-
other way ; dXXws ttwj, in some or any
other tmy.
dXwo-ofjiai, see dXlaKOfmi.
i
if',
&|ia
&HO, adv., 212 [[<at. Himul, at the
mine time, Kui-. samk, somk], at the
same time, Uujvther; dfia rp i,n^p<f, at
daybrcah ; dfxa tj} iirioiari ijfi^pif, as
the next day was break imj. 8(14.
Ajiotciv, 61/05, 77, an Amazon. The
Amazons wcro a mytliical, warlike
raco of wonn'ii, the ideal of ffnialc
bravi'ry and stirni-Mi. They have a
prominent |)laee in (ireek Mytholofry
and are fre(]nently represented on
Greek works of art. See Nos. 14, (if).
4.&H-a|o, 7;$, 1), (;;} [+ a^w, d^wr, axle,
Lat. axis, (uh\ En«,^ axi.kJ, a heavy
wa(fan, ori,i,nnally with four wheels
(and therefore with two eonneeted
axles, as the name signifies). See
No. i;5.
j.d|*-a|iT6s, 6v, pasftabic for waynns ;
odds d/uLa^irds, wagnn-road.
OfiapTdvw (d/xapr), duapn^ao/xai, Tjfiap-
Tov, rip.dpTy)Ka, rjudpTrnxai, rifxapTpyju,
7;W, 871, miss the inark, miss, fail
(in conduet), err, do wrong, commit
error. 845.
d-nax«(, adv., .'541 [fidxrij, ivithoid
fighting, without a struggle.
dfMivwv, ov, gen. ovos, comp. of dya-
dds, 577, better, braver, stouter.
d-neX^w, dpe\T^(rw, etc., 440 [fi^Xei],
be carelesx, neglect. 84(5.
dn<})f, prep., 2;55 [akin tt) &,*<))«, cf
Lat. aynbi-, amb-, in composition,
round about], orig. on both sides of,
hence about, followed by the ace. and
very rarely by the gen.; with gen.,
about, concerning, of things ; with
ace, of place, round, about, of persons,
countries, or things; of the object
affected, dp.<f)l (TTpdrevfia dawaudv, spend
G
dvaYiYvwoTKw
money on an army ; of time, about, at ;
with numerals preceded by the art.,
ahimt, Lat. circifcr. ol dfxipi with an
ace. of a person may denote either the
followers of that person or that jx-rson
• and his followers, as ol dpL<f,l (iaaiX^a,
the him/s aftendants, but ol dpi<f>l Xupl-
<To<t>ov, Chirisophns and his men; rd
dfKpl Ta^ds, tactics.
In composition dn<pi Higuiiivs on both
sides, about.
d(i<J)i.X<Yw, Hpcak on both sides, have
a (iis])iiti , (/uarrcl.
tdn4)dT€pos, d, ov, 4(12, both.
&ji<|)« [akin to dji(f>£, cf Lat. wnbo,
both, Kng. noTii], both.
&v, a post-i)ositive partich^ without
an exact ecjuivalent iii English. Two
uses of &v are to be distinguished :
I. In conditional, relative, and tem-
poral protases. See 817, 524, 5:5;}, 5;54,
6;}5. Here di^ unites with the particle
el (forming iAv, iv, or riv), and sonu'-
times with the relatives. II. In apod-
osis. See .'{()7, mi, 5.'W, 5;{4, 585.
&v, contracted form of idv.
dvd, prep, with ace, 285 [Eng. on],
np (opposed to Kard). Of place, up,
up along, upon, over, throughout; with
numerals to signify distribution, at
the rate of, dvd iKardv, by hundreds, a
hundred each; to express manner, d^A
Kpdroi, up to one^s strength, at full s})eed.
In composition dvd signifies up, back,
again, and is somethnes simply inten-
sive.
dvo-Pa(vw, go up, ascend, march up,
titOUnf.
dva-Yi-yvwo-Kw, 701, knoio again, rec-
ognize, read.
ahout, at, ;
Mh^ iut. ,
I with an
("itlicr Mir
lilt pcnson
ifitfil Xfipi-
III en; rd,
k's oil both
idc.H, have
at. tvnbo,
witlioiit
^li. Two
siuislu'd :
iiid tcm-
' pavti('l(>
1(1 sonie-
In apod-
535.
'^ii.ii;. on],
iU'c, up,
ut; with
tion, at
ulreils, a
iicr, di'dt
iUs])cc(L
ip, back,
y inteii-
xrch up,
lin, rec-
dvdYKT)
dvd-yKt), rjs, ij, 4<52, force, nccenHlty,
constraint; dvdyKri iari (moro often
without i<TTi), it in nccemiry, oncmunt,
ot physical necessity.
dva--yvovs, see iva-yiyvibffKw.
dva-iAifivxfo-Kw, remind of. 8:58.
dva|vp(S«s, i^ujp, al, trounerit, worn
by the Orientals, but not by Greeks.
They were close-lit tin-,' and often were
liif,dily ornamented in the weavinj? of
the cloth and by embroidery. See Nos.
14, 57, 58.
dva-o-WXXw, ()20, send back, repulse.
dva-o-x^o-dai, etc., see dv-^x^-
dva-TopdTTw, stir up; pf. pass., be
in confusion or disorder.
dva-T€£vw, (520, stretch up, hold up.
dvo-T(0Tjni, (;i>5, put or lay uj)on.
dv8pdiro8ov, ov, t6, (UIH, slave, esp.
captive taken in war.
dv8p€ios, o, ou, 5!)8 [dv^p], manh/,
brave, valiant.
jdvSpcUs, adv., 51)8, bravely, courage-
ously.
dv-€i\ov, sec dv-aipiu).
dv-^o-Ttjv, see dv-laryifii.
dv€u, improper prep, [akin to nep.
prelix d-], without, followed by the
gen.
dv-^X", J>"pf- and aor. mid. with
double augment, ■fjveix^'nv and 7)1/6(7x6-
M'?", 578, hold up; mid., control one-
self, tolerate, endure.
dv-^YOYov, see dv-dyu.
dv^p, dv5pb^, 6, .'}40, 74(1 [andr-oid],
man, Lat. uir, as opposed to woman,
youth, or child, in contrast with the
generic dvepuno^.
ov0pa)iros, 01', 6, ij, 78, 741 lanfhropo-
^ogy,phil-anthropy], man, huvianbelng,
7 &{io«
Lat. homo, one of the human race
as opposed to a higher or lower order
of beings; (Contemptuously, person,
fellim; pi., men, persons, people.
dv-Co-TTjui, 707, make stand up, rouse
up, start up, raise up; mid., with i)f.
and 2 aor. act., stand up, rise, get up.
dv-o£Y«, ap-ol^ut, du-^(f,^a, dW^la and
dp-^VXa, dp-^<f}yp.ai, dp-((f5xl)rjp, (j(54, 871
[otyw, open], open up, open.
dvT-o-yopdtw, buy in exchange.
dvTt, prep, with gen., 141 [I.at. ante,
before, Eiig. \-long, \s~s,ver, anti-dote],
orig. facing, over against, against;
hence, instead of, for, in place of, in
preference to, in return for.
In c(mipositi(m (i«'TLsignifiesa7ains«,
in opposition, in return, in turn, in-
stead.
J.dvT(os, d, OP, .set against, opposite;
dpTloi Uvai, go to meet ; (k tov dprlov,
from the opposite side. 8();{.
dvTi-irapoo-KivdJonai, prepare one-
self in turn.
&v«, adv., (!2{) [dvdj, above, up, on
higher ground, upwards, into the air, up
country; comp. dvwr^pw, sup. dpwTdrw.
d|fvT], -qi, 4.'50 [Lat. ascia, axe, Kng.
Axic], axe, Lat. bipennis, with double
head, used for chopping and digging.
See Nos. .'J2 and 07.
No. 67.
a|toc, d, ov, i;n , 750 [&Y«, the rout of
which originally meant imigh, as well
as lead, drive], weighing as much as,
worthy of, deserving, valuable, bqfitting,
Ill
i
worth; iieut., A^iov {sc. icrl), be worth
while, becoinimj ; toWov d^ioj, worth
much, of great value; wXelovoi d^ios,
more valuable i)r serviceable; rXdarov
d^toy, 7nost valuable. 85;}.
|d|i<5w, d^nljaio, etc., 578, think Jit,
deem worthy or proper, expect; hence,
claim, ask, demand.
dir-aYY^XXw, 5!>1, bring back loord,
announce, report.
d7r-aYoptvA> [dyopevo), harangue, say,
d-yopiij, say no, forbid; iiitr., give up
or out.
dir-d-yw, 5^08, lead away or back.
dir-oiW«, 422, ask from, demand,
demand back.
dir-aX\dTTci», 578, change off, aban-
don, quit, go away, depart, loithdraw,
act. and mid.; pass., be freed from, be
rid of.
dira|, numeral adv., once.
d-irapdo-KCvos, ov, 410 [irapao-Kcv^],
unprepared.
&-iras, d(Ta, av, 2()4 [a- copulative
(commonly d-) +^05], all together, all,
whole, entire; with the art. it has
pred. position, as Uvau rb ix^aov, the
entire space between.
&ir-ci|jii (ef/ii), 728, go off or away,
depart.
dir-cXavvci), 827, drive aioay ; intr..
march, ride, or go away.
dir-€\0(tfv, see dir-ipxotxai.
di-irtp, see Sa-irep.
dir-^pXO|Aai, 508, come or go away,
depart, retreat, desert.
atT-i\<a, 488, keep off' or aivay ; intr. ,
be away from or distant, Lat. dlsto ;
mid., keep oneself from, desist or
refrain from.
8
'AtrdWwv
dir-i]«i, see dn-eifii (flfii).
air-f(KQov, see dn-^pxofiai.
dir-U?/oi, etc., see dir-et/it (el/xi).
dirXdos, 6v, 60V, eontr. oOs, ij, oOv,
2!>2, 751, simple, frank, sincere, Lat.
simplex ; t6 dirXovp, sincerity.
dir6, prep, with gen., 141 [Lat. ab,
Eng. OK, off], from, off, off from^
away from. Of place, from, away
from; of time, fro7n, after, starting
from; of source, including origin,
from ; of cause, on, upon ; of means,
by, out of, by the aid of, by means of,
with.
In composition dwd signifies from,
away, off, /n return, back, but is some-
times simply intensive, and sometimes
almost neg. (arising from the sense of
on
airo-^Kireoi, look away from all other
objects at one, look steadily.
diro-ScCKvv[ii, 713, jwint out, make
known, appoint; mid., set forth one^s
views, declare, express. 840.
diro-8i8pi£(rK(D, 707, run away, desert,
escape by sisalth, abandon.
diro-evtj'o-Ka), (JIO, die off, die, bekilled,
be slain, be put to death, suffer death.
diro-Kptvo}iai, 501, give a decision,
make answer, answer. Lat. responded.
diro-KT€(va), 501, kill off, put to death.
diro-Xetiro), leave behind, forsake,
abandon, desert.
dKr-6XXv|ii, 713, destroy xdterly, kill;
mid. with 2 pf. and plpf. act., perish,
die, be lost.
'AirdXXwv, WTO J, 6, 713, Apollo, one
of the greatest of the divinities of the
(ireeks, god of music and poetry. See
No. 53, where, clad in long under-
Ps, rj, ovv^
cere, Lat.
I,
[Lilt, ah,
off fronif
»///, aioa]/
, darting
g origin,
3f means,
means of,
ics /ro?n,
t is sonic-
onietimes
t3 sense of
. all other
ut, make
)rth onc^s
ly, desert,
. be killed,
f death,
decision,
'^spondco.
to death.
forsake,
'rlij, kill ;
., perish,
olio, one
-^s of the
try. See
' under-
diro\wX(Ka
garment {xiribp) and clilamys (xXo/u«5s),
he is represented, with linife in hand,
as abont to flay Marsyas.
dir-oXwXcKa, see dv-dWD/xi.
diro-Wnir«, 1H8, send off or atoay, let
(JO, send home, remit ,- nud., ncnd away
from onrsdf, dismiss.
airo-irXio), sail from the side of, nail
away or home.
diro-iropeuojiot, 085, (jo off, depart.
td-TTop^o), dTTop^ffu, etc., CAW, be in
doubt, he at a loss, act. and mid.j be
in want of. 848.
a-iropos, ov, V.n [ir6pos], without
means, impracticable; of roads, moun-
tains, or rivers, impassable, unford-
able; Awopov, t6, obstacle, difficulty.
dir6-ppr]Tos, oi> [ipH], not to be told,
secret.
diro-o-irdw, 044, draw off] separate,
withdraw.
diro-o-T^XXw, 052, send back or away
with a commission, despatch, dismiss.
dwo-o-Ttp^w, rob. 838.
diro-Wnv«, 015, cut off] sever, as
parts of the body, and so as a military
phrase, intercept.
aiTO-^aivo), 591, show forth ; mid.,
shoiv one's own, declare, express.
diro-xtop^w, ;318, go away, depart,
retreat, withdraw.
diro-t)/T]4>(^o(iai, vote no,
vote against, reject by vote.
itiTTw (a0), (Xi/'w, ■^\f/a, ^/x/iac,
vHv [Lat. aptus, fit, Eng.
apse], lay hold of, fasten,
kindle; mid., touch. 845.
apa, post-positive particle
of inference, therefore, accord-
ingly, then.
9
&P)ia
opo, int(urogative particle, surely?
indeed f, but often best expressed in
Kng. by the intonation ; ap oi, Lat.
nimne, expecting an aflirmative answer.
t'ApoPfa, a^, 7], Arabia.
'Apdpios, a, oy, Arabian.
'Apd|tis, ov, 6, the Araxes.
tdp-yvptos, a, ov, contr. ovs, a, ovp, 202,
751, of siloer.
tdp-yvpiov, ov, t6. Ml, silver, silver
money, coin,
dpYvpos, ov, 6 [dpyds, lohite, Lat.
argentum], silver.
dpcT^i, ^y, 17, ;J8<), goodness, virtue,
courage, valor, good service.
'Apioios, ov, 6, Ariaeus, the lieu-
tenant-general of Cyrus, and comman-
der of his barbarian forcfe.
dpiOftds, ov, 6, 212 [arithmetic],
number, enumeration, extent.
'Apfo-Tiiriros, ov, 6, 101, Aristippus.
opio-Tos, 77, ov, bll, fittest in any
sense, best, bravest, noblest.
'ApKds, dSos, 6, 722, an Arcadian.
opKTos, 01^, 17 [arctic], hear; the con-
stellation Ursa Maior, the north.
&PHa, oTos, t6, 255,
744, ivar chariot, Lat.
if
Ml
No. 68.
ctpird^w
10
dcnrft
currus, still used by the Persians in
the time of the Anabasis for lighting,
but employed by Greeks at this time
only for racing. The Persian chariots
were sometimes fitted with scythes,
and were then called Speiravrjtpdpa. See
No. 41). For Greek chariots, see Nos. 20,
GO, 08, 90 ; for a Persian chariot. No. 45.
opirdj^w (dpirad), dpirda-w, Tipwaaa,
ripiraKa, rfpnaaixai^ ijpTrdadriv, 50 [Lat.
rapid, seize, tear, Eng. harpy], seize,
capture, carry away, plunder.
'ApTo-y^po-iis, ov, 6, Artagerses, com-
mander of the king's body-guard.
'ApTo|^p|T]s, ov, 6, 131, Artaxerxes
IT. , eldest son of Darius II.
'ApToirdTTis, ov, 6, Artapates, the
confidential attendant of Cyrus.
"ApTcitis, i5os, 7), 50H, Artemis, sister
of Apollo, patroness of hunting. See
No. 09.
tdpxaios, o, ov [archaeo-logy], old^
ancient; rh dpxaiov, adw., formerly.
tdpx^, V^, Vy 124 [mon-archy'\, he-
ginning, rule, province, government,
satrapy.
opx«, dp^o), iipka, ^py/xai, ripxe-qv,
235 [arch -angel, etc.], he first, hi point
of time hegin, take the lead in an
.action, he the first to do it; in point of
station rule, reign over, command,
have command; mid., begin, enter
upon an action. 845, 847.
dpxwv, ovTos, 6, 282, ruler, comman-
der, leader, chief, a higher title than
arpar-qytis,
do-Kds, ov, 6, leathern bag, wine-skin.
See No. 10, where an da-Kds rests on
the top of the pedestal.
do-ir£s, ISoi, 7], 255, 744, shield, in shape
either oval or round. The large oval
shield covered the hoplite from his
neck to his knees ; it was convex on
the outer side ; about its outer edge
ran a continuous rim of metal, fas-
No. 69.
No. 70.
tened with nails. It was often embla-
zoned with a device. See in purticu-
'ogy], old,
)rmerly.
rchy], be-
>vernnient,
t, in point
ad in an
ti point of
command,
in, enter
comman-
title than
wine-skin.
rests on
i, in shape
arge oval
from his
onvex on
uter edge
letal, fas-
m embla-
I particu-
dtrrpd
ilTTW
11
PdXavot
lar No. 34. A peculiar form of the
oval shield, called Hoeotian, had aper-
tures at tlie side. See No. 8. The
round or Argolic shield (No. 71) was
similar to the oval shield in most
respects except its shape. Since it
was too small to cover in action the
lower part of the body, a flap was
No 71.
often attached to it. See No. 55.
When not in use, the shield was cov-
ered. See No. 80, where the cover is
being removed. See also Nos. 9, 12,
14, 19, 20, 25, 30, 37, 00, 62.
do-TpdiTTft) {dcrpair), rfaTpa\pa, flash,
glitter.
oo-Tv, ewj, t6, 478, 748, town.
d.o-4)aX^8, h, 429 [o-«J)d\\a)], not
liable to be tripped up, safe, free from
danger, sure, secure; iv da^paXeffripip,
in greater security; iv d<r0aXe(rTciTv,
in the safest place.
j.d-<r<|)aXws, adv., 561, safely, securely,
without danger.
&-TOKT0S, ov [rdTTw], in disorder.
d-Tifidt« (arr/xaS), aT'iixaau), etc., 141
[d-Tt/xoy, lolthout honor, rl\ii\], dishonor,
disgrace.
au, adv., 235, again, in turn, more-
over.
aCpiov, adv., to-morrow, Lat. eras;
i] avpiov {sc. rjn^pd), the morrow.
tavT£Ko,adv.,472,a« this very moment,
immcdintebj, on the spot.
tavTdei, adv., 502, in this or that very
place, here, there.
tavTo-fioX^w, desert, the regular mili-
tary word.
tavTd-noXos, ov, h [+ p\ih(TKU) {no\,
/m\o, /3Xo), go], deserter.
ovt6s, ifi, 6, 161, 759 [auth-entic,
auto-crat], intensive pron., self, same,
him, her, it. 160.
javToi), adv., 695, in the very place,
here, there.
avTov, see iavrov.
d<J>', see dir6.
a.^-f\<na, see dtp-tyjfii.
d<|>.tTj|ii, 733, send away, let go, let
loose, let flow.
d<j>.iKv^o(Aai, 462, come from one place
to another, arrive, reach, return.
d<|).i'inr€vw, 449 [IViros], ride back
or off.
oxpi, conj., until.
B
BaPvXcSv, wpos, T), 548, Babylon.
jBa^vXidvCs, as, 17, Babylonia.
tpdOos, ouj, Tb [bathos], depth.
PaOvs, era, i), 602, deep.
pa£v« (/3a), ^-fiaofiai, ^^-^v, piprjKa,
pi^a/xai, i^dOriv, 101, 871 [Lat. uenio,
come, Eng. come, basis], go, loalk.
j.pOKTT)p£a, as, ij, 695, sta.ff', walking-
stick, so commonly in use among the
Greeks that it was carried even by
soldiers afield. See Nos. 1, 30, 36.
PdXavos, ov, i], acorn, date.
t <
pdXXo)
12
yip
PdXXw iftaX), /iaXw, r/SaXoj/, ftift\r)Ka,
^ifiXrifiai, ^fi^djjp, 091, 871 [pro-b/em,
s>/>n-bol], throw, throw at^ hit, hit with
HtonoH, Mfone.
tpap^apiKds, tJ, 6i/, 178, foreign, bar-
barian ; t6 papfiapiKdv (sc. ffTpdrevfxa),
the Persian force of Cyrus.
ipapPapiKws, adv., 508, in the barba-
rian tnmjue, e.g. in Persian.
pdp^apos, ov, 94 [barbarous], not
Greek, barbarian, foreign ; pdp^apoi, 6,
a foreigner, barbarian. See No. 67.
-fBao-CXcios, ov, 170, royal; ^aalXeiov,
t6, and ' aalXeia, rd, palace.
Pao-iXcvs, ^ws, 6, 608, 749 [basilica,
basilisk], king, Lat. rex, esp, the king
of Persia, when the art. is regularly
omitted ; irapd ^aa-iXeT, at court.
\^a<ri\t\)ia, ^aaiXeiffu, i^afflXevaa, 318,
be king.
iPao-iXiKds, tJ, 6v, royal, the king^s.
Pav, Pav, bow, wow, Imitation of a
dog's bark.
tp^TioPTos, Vi ov, 577, most desired,
best, noblest, most advantageous.
P<\Tt(i>v, OV, 677 [PovXo|iai], more
desired, better, nobler, more advanta-
geous.
pca, aj, ^7, force, violence, Lat. uis.
I^idtopiat O'aS), ^idao/jLai, etc., 418,
force, compel, overpower.
iPiaCus, adv., 673, violently, hard.
PiPdtw (i3i/3a5), /3tj3(f(rw or /3ij8a), ^/Si-
/3o(ra [Potvw], make go.
P(p\os, ov, 7} [Bible, biblio-graphy],
book, Lat. liber, existing among the
Greeks of historical times in the form
of the roll. See No, 1, where the
central figure holds a roll in his
hands.
p{o$, ov, 6, 648 [Lat. nluus, alive,
Kng. yi'icK, bio-grap/iy], life, living.
pXdwTw (fiXaji), fiXdr^u, Jf/3Xofa,
fi^(iXa<pa, jiifiXaufxai,, i(iXd(p6r)v and
i^Xdji-nv, (138, 871 [ftXd(i-n, hurt], in-
jure, hurt, damage, harm.
pX^irw, ^Xi\pw, ifiXe\pa, look, turn
one^s eyes, face, point.
tPodo), (ioTfiaop.ai, i^b-qaa, 276, shout,
call out, cry out.
Po^, rji, i}, shout, call, cry.
|pOTf-6^(a, fioy)0-f)<Tw, ifioT/jOtjaa, /Se/Soi)-
OrjKa, (it^oT^drj/jLai, 488 [+ 6<«], run to
rescue at a cry for help, give assistance,
bring aid, help, assist. 800.
tPovXcvu, /3ou^elJ(7■w, etc., 60, plan,
plot; comm. mid., form one'^s own
plan, plan, consider, deliberate, pur-
pose, determine, settle on.
tPovX^i, Tjs, T}, will, plan, deliberation.
PovXo|Aai, ^ovXi](Toixai, ^e^oiXrjuai,
i^ovXi^drjv, 308, 871, will, wish, desire,
he ivilling, like.
povs, /3o6y, 6, t], 608, 749 [Lat. 60s,
ox, cow, Eng. cow, bu-colic], ox, cow,
pi. cattle, oxen.
Ppaxvs, «a, i [Lat. breuis, short],
short ; ir^Teadai ^pa-x^i have a short
flight
Pp^X"> ^/3/)c?a, pippeynai, ipp^x^yjv,
wet, pass, get loet.
P«n6s, ov, 6, 508, altar. See No. 38.
7dp, post-positive causal conj., 116,
for; when it expresses specification,
confirmation, or explanatinn, because^
indeed, certainly, then, noiv, for exam-
ple, namely ; in questions, then, or to
rowXfrrjt
13
8ap<iK^f
be omitted in translation ; koI yip,
Lat. etenim, and {this is so) for, and
to be sure, and really.
rou\fTt]s, ov, 6, GaulUes.
yi, enclitic and post-po.sitive intens.
particle, (529, even, at least, yet, indeed,
certainly, but often to be indicated in
Kng. only by empluusis.
ytytvf\(r6ai, yiyova, see ylyvofxai.
•y^vos, ovi, t6, 472 [vC-yvonoi, Lat.
yens], family, race.
yippov, ov, t6, ODG, wicker-shield.
^■yippo^dpoi, u)v, ol [+<},<p«], light-
armed troops loith wicker-shields.
y4puv, oPTOi, 6, 256, 744 [(/. Ypavs],
old man.
•y€v«, ye^ffio, Hyewa, y^yev/xai, 548
[Lat. gusto, taste, Eng. choose], give
a taste; mid., taste. 846.
y(<\fvpa, as, i), 63, 739, bridge.
y% T^Js, V, 292, 742 [apo-gee, geo-
graphy], earth, ground, country, Lat.
terra, land as opposed to sea.
JY^-\o<j)os, ov, 6, 409 [\<J4>os], mound
of earth, hill, hillock.
yiyvoiiai (yev), yev^ffOfiai, iyeu6/j.r)v,
yiyova, yey ^vrjfxai, 472, 871 [Lat. gigno,
produce, bear, Eng. kin, kind, hydro-
gen, genesis], be born, become, be made,
happen, take place, occur, and with
many other meanings to be deter-
mined from the context, such as arise,
fall upon, get, dawn, draw on, fall,
accrue, be favorable, amount to, prove
oneself to be.
y<.yv6a-K<a (ypo), yviI,<TopLai, iyvwv,
ey^Ka, fyvuxTfJiai, iyviSiffd'qv, 701, 871
[Lai. nosco, learn, Eng. can, ken,
KNOW, dia-gnosis], perceive, know,
understand, learn, think. 628.
y\aii, K6i, i], nwl. The owl was a
part of the device on Athenian cohis.
See Nos. 6, 16, 46, 60.
■yvwfiTj, 7;j, i,, 691 [-yiYvcio-Kw, Eng.
gnome, gnomic], opinion, plan, under-
standing, judgment; Avtv rrjs yythfitji
Tiv6s, against one's will; ffiirinnX&i
Tiju ynbnr)v, satisfy one's desire.
"Yvwvoi, 7v«<ro|ioi, see yiyvuvKw.
y6w, ybvaroi, t6, (596 [Lat. genu,
knee, Eng. knee], knee.
•ypoOs, ypads, ij, 608, 749 [cf yipnv],
old woman.
•ypd<{)«, ypd\p(a, liypa\pa, y^ypa<pa,
y^pafifxai, iypdtpriv, 204, 871 [Lat.
scrlbo, write, Eng. graphic, grammar,
etc.], make a mark, draw, write, de-
scribe. See No. 60, where Athena is
writing on a wax tablet with the
stilus.
t-yvjivAjw [yvfivab), yvp-vivu, etc., train
naked, exercise.
tvvjAv^s, rjTos, 6, 629, light-armed foot-
soldier.
•ywjivds, 7^, 6p [gymnast], naked,
stripped, lightly clad.
yvvil, yvvaiKds, i/, 508 [vtYvonai (yvfi^
orig. meant 'mother'), Eng. miso-
gynist], woman, wife.
SaKpvft), daKpdaw, i86.Kpvaa, deddKpvfxai
[duKpv, tear, Lat. lacrima, tear, Eng.
tear], shed tears, weep.
Adva, UP, rd, Dana, a city.
Sairavdci), SaTrorTycrw, etc., 439 [dawavri,
expense], spend, expend.
AdpSas, oTos, 6, the Dardas, a river.
tSaptiKis, ov, 6, daric, 116, a Persian
,'<<iul
Afipcios
14
8i&
gold coin. It contained about 125.5
grains of gold, and would now be worth
about $5.40 in American gold. The
daric passed current as the equivalent
of 20 Attic drachmas. See No. 22.
Aapcios, ov, 6, 124, Dar'ius, the name
of many of the Persian kings.
8aa-|x6$, oO, 6, 150, tax, impost, tribute.
Z(, post-positive conj., 83, but, mid-
way in force between dXXd and Kal.
Its adversative force is often slight, so
that it may be rendered by and, to be
sure, further, etc. (ilv is often found
in the preceding clause, and (ikv ... 5^
then have the force of while . . . yet,
on the one hand . . . on the other, or
both . . . and, but generally these ex-
pressions are too strong to be used in
translating into English, and the force
of fxiv had better be indicated simply
by stress of the voice (see fx^p). Kal. . .
34, and (5^) also, but further.
-8€, suffix denoting whither, or with
demonstrative force.
8c8i<&s, 8^8oiKa, see delSw.
8^X1 > 8€Tj0<ivai, 8€i, see diu, lack.
8c(8o), deiffofiai, ^deiaa, SidoiKa and
didia, 335 (pres. not Attic), fear, be
afraid, of reasonable fear.
8c(kvv|ai (deiK), Sel^w, ISet^a, S^Seixa,
5^5ei7/ioi, idelxOv", 713, 787, 871 [Lat.
died, say, Eng. teach, token, para-
digm], point out, indicate, show.
8c(Xt|, tjs, 17, afternoon, evening.
8€iv6s, -fi, 6v, 124 [8€£8«], dreadful,
perilous, terrible, marvellous, skilful,
clever ; Seivdv, t6, peril, danger.
S^Kss,, indecl, [Lat. decern, ten, Eng.
TEN, decade], ten.
S^vSpov, ov, t6, 212, tree, Lat. arbor.
8€$i6s, A, 6v, 102 [Lat. dexter], right;
71 Se^td {sc. xe^p)» ihe right {hand), used
either in indicating direction, or with
\a^€iv Kal Sovvai as a sign of confirma-
tion ; rb bei^ibv {sc. K^pas), the right
{wing).
t8^P|ia, oToy, t6, 696, hide, skin.
h(p<a, depu), fdeipa, d^dapfiai, iddpTjv,
713, 871 [Lat. dolo, split, Eng. tear,
epi-dermis], flay.
8cvpo, adv., 422, hither, here.
8cvT(pos, a, ov [8vo], second; Sein-epov,
as adv., a second time, Lat. iterum.
Si\o\ka,i, di^o/xai, iSe^diirjv, didey/xai, 501
[pan-dect, synec-doche], receive what
is offered, take, accept, admit, await.
84«, d'^arcj, fdrfffa, 5^5e/ca, diSefxai,
ididijv, GGi, 871 [dia-dem], bind, fasten,
tie, fetter, shackle.
hiut, Scijtrw, ^^iy]aa, 8e84r)Ka, 8edi7]fxai,
id'-^drjv, 356, 871, lack, want, need;
comm. mid., lack, need, want, desire,
beg, request; dei, used impersonally,
there is need, it is necessary or proper,
one must, ought, should. 848.
8^, post-positive intensive particle,
204, now, indeed, in particular, accord-
ingly, so, then, but often its force is
best indicated simply by emphasis.
8{)Xos, r?, ov, 472; plain, clear, evident,
manifest.
|8t)X<5«, drfXibffu, etc., 282, 783, make
clear.
8id, prep, with gen. and ace, 116
[8wo], orig. between, then through ; with
gen., used of place, time, or means,
through, during, throughout, by means
of.. Lat. rtPT : with ace throuah. bv
means or aid of, on account of, for the
sake of, Lat. ob or propter.
ter], right;
kand), used
on, or with
f confirma-
, the right
, skin.
lai, iddprfVy
Eng. TEAR,
iere.
d; Seijrepov^
. iterum.
!^5e7(u:at, 561
sceive what
lit, await.
ca, S^defiai,
tind, fasten,
'ant, need ;
ant, desire,
i personally,
/ or proper,
i48.
ve particle,
liar, accord-
its force is
nphasis.
ear, evident,
, 783, make
i ace, 116
'ough; with
or means,
t, by means
through, by
t of, for the
Ma
In composition did signifies through
or over; sometimes it adds an idea of
continuance or fulfilment; or it may
signify apart, Lat. dt-, dis-.
Aia, Alt, Ai6s, see ZciJs.
8ia-Pa(vw, 707, go over, cross.
Sia-pdXXw, throiu over, throw at with
words, slander, traduce.
8ia-paT6s, tJ, 6v, 365 [8ia-pa(v«],
fordable, passable.
8i-d-y«, 598, of time, pass, spend,
live, continue.
8ia-Kd<rioi, ot, o [8iio + 4KaT6v], 200.
Si-apirdSw, 116, tear in pieces, plun-
der, lay waste, sack, spoil, ravage.
8ia-(nrda», 335, draw apart, separate,
scatter, of soldiers.
8ia-<rir€£p(D, 652, scatter about, scatter.
8io-cr<{)5«, 462, bring through safely,
keep safe, save.
8ia-TdTTw, post at intervals, draw up
in array.
8ia.T«X^«, 578, finish, complete the
march, continue.
8ia-TCet)ni, 695, arrange, dispose.
8ia-Tptp«, 573, rub through, spend,
■waUe time, delay.
bio.<j>e€(p«, (S9.^^ destroy utterly, ruin,
corrupt.
8i8daK« (diBax), SiSd^w, idlda^a, deSi-
Saxa, 8€dl5ayfiai, iBiUxd-nv, 400 [akin to
8€(Kvv|ii, Eng. didactic], teach, instruct,
show, Lat. doceo. 838. See Nos 1
36. '
8i8p^rrK« (Spa), dpiffo/xai, ^dpav, S^-
Sp&Ka, 707, 871 [tread], run.
8(8«fAi (do), Sdaw, UwKa, d^BuKa,
S^douai^ me-nv, 701, 785, 789, 871 [Lat.
do, give, Eng. dose, anti-dote], give,
grant, permit.
15
8pd)ioi|ii
8i-€\ovvci>, 733, drive or ride through.
8i-^X«, hold apart, be apart. 849.
8i.(<rTtjni, set apart; mid. and 2 aor.
act. intr., stand apart, open ranks,
stand at intervals.
t8(Kaios, a, ov, 365, just, right, reason-
able, proper.
J8iKa(«s, adv., 365, justly, rightly.
8tKTi, Tjs, 7), 141 [syn-dic], custom,
right, justice, punishment, deserts.
816, for 81 S, wherefore.
8ts, adv. [8iio], twice, Lat. bis.
j8i<r-xt>ioi, o£, a [+xtXioi], 3000.
8i<|)e^pa, aj, ij, 422, tanned hide,
leathern bag.
8£<j>pos, 01;, 6, stool, the simplest form
of the Greek chair, with four legs,
either perpendicular or crossed, but
without a back. See Nos. 1, 36, where
the first form is represented.
8i«K«, Stci^w, iblw^a, dedlwxa, idid-
X^V, 94, pursue, go in pursuit, chase,
give chase, prosecute.
8i.«pv5, vxos, i], 245, 743 [8t-opvTT«,
dig through], ditch, canal.
hoKioi, 86^u, ^8o^a, d^dojfiai, mxerjv,
365 [Lat. decet, it behooves, decus, grace,
Eng. dogma, para-do x], seem, appear,
seem best or good, be voted, think.
8opKds, dSos, 7), gazelle.
8dpv, oTos, t6, 478 [dpAs, tree, Eng.
tree], prop, stem of a tree, then shaft
of a spear, and hence spear with long
shaft. See Nos. 14, 19, 20, 30, 37, 57,
58, 62 ; and for oriental spears, Nos. 11
42, 48, 64.
8ovvai, etc., see SlSwfu.
hovrriu, iooinr-qva [povTOi, din], make
a din.
8pd)ioifi», 8pa|MV|iai, see rp^xv.
it:
BpaxuVi
16
^e^x
(1)
i-\
^P»XK>^» V^, V, drachma, an Attic
silver coin worth about 18 cents in
U. S. legal money, ornamented on the
obverse side with tlie liead of Athena
wearing the close-fitting crested hel-
met, and on the reverse with the owl,
olive spray, and an inscription con-
taining the first three letters of the
name of Athens, AeENAI. See Nos. 0,
lo, 4(5, 50, 72.
The Attic table of money is as fol-
lows :
(5/So\6j
rdXaPTOv
(J
000
8(5000
SpaxfM^
100
0000
fivd
00
That is, obols equalled 1 drachma,
100 drachmas eciualled 1 mina, 00
uiinas equalled 1 talent.
No. 72.
t8p€iravii-<|>6pos, ov [+^4p<a], scythe-
bearing, of cha'-iots. See No. 49.
Sp^iravov, ov, t6, scythe.
8p<i|ios, 01', 6, 422 [8i8po<rK«, Eng.
dromedary], a running, run, race, race-
course. See Nos. 20, 47. 5p6yuv, on
the run, double quick. See No. 34.
8vvap.ai (Svva), dvv^a-o/xai, ded^PTjfxai,
idvPT^eriv, 707, 871 [dynamic], be able,
be capable, be strong enough, be puiver-
fulf can, be worth, amount to.
48vva|iis, ewj, ij, 478, ability, power,
resources, force, troops.
8vo,5i;or;',400,757 [Lat.(iMo,Eng. two,
TwicK, twin], ^wo, sometimes indecl.
8u<r- [dys-peptic], ill, hard.
|8uor-ir6p€VTos, ov [-f- iripos] , hard to
get through, of heavy ground.
8vw, d6<Tio, rSuo-a and ^Svv, d^dvKfi,
d^Sv^ai, iSvdr^v, 718, 791, 871, make
enter; intr. enter ; mid., set, of the sun.
8w-8€Ka, indecl., 488 [8vo + 8^Ka],
twelve.
8«pov, ov, rb, 78, 741 [8£8«tii], pres-
ent, gift,
E
ciiXuKa, f&K<av, see dXlaKOfxai.
€^v, contr. &,> or -^v, in crasis Kav for
Kal edp, conj., 818 [d + av], if, with
subjv. 317, 524.
€-avTov, ^j, ov, reflexive pron., 449,
700 [i(4-avT6s], of himself, herself,
itself. 440.
4d», idaw, dava, etaKa, eidfiai, eiddrfp,
327, 871, permit, allow, let, let go.
iy-, for ip before a palatal nmte.
«YVvs, adv., 502, near, at hand, comp.
iyyOrepop, sup. iyyvTdru} or ^yy^rara.
^Y-K^<|>oXos, ov, 6, (515 [k€<|)oX^] , brain ;
crown, cabbage, of the palm.
^Y-KpaT^is, h, 429 [Kpdros], in pos-
session of, master of. 855.
l-yw, ifiov or /J.OV, personal pron., 439,
759 [Lat. ego, me, Eng. I, me, egoist],
I. 48(5.
i€"yw-7c [+7^], I for my part.
iBiura, see delSu.
I9{\<a or e^«, (?6'e\7)<ra;, v^^Xrjaa,
vOf\vKa, 341, 871, wish, be willing,
volunteer.
bility, power,
luo,V:,ng. TWO,
iiiies iiulecl.
ard.
pos], Jiard to
Liiu!.
e5vi>, d^dvKa,
, 871, make
^t, of the sun.
[8vo + S^Ka],
BCSufii], pres-
Konai.
^rasis Kav for
'f-v], if, with
; pron., 449,
?e(/', herself,
tdfiai, eid6r}p,
% let go.
al mute.
hand, comp.
r iyy\)TaTa.
oK-f]], brain;
II.
ros], in pos-
i pron. , 439,
ME, egoist],
oart.
he willing,
I0VOS
^^''^^^;^-J^r6[ethn,c], nation, tribe,
^-r^'.vTi"*'^' ''''"' '"•^'^•- '-^'''l opt.
nnpLfi '"''' '"^ •^<>-*. 5^<^- mhulirect
^li^e«t <,n.s, ^ohether; ei ^^, ,7 ,,,^
-^^-^/m,Lat.,»..,eu;,,,,,;::^
€l'o, «l'o<ra, see ^dw.
jlSov tLat. uic^e^, Kng. ,v,t, spher-
o/aj, see 6/3dw.
«l'Ko<ri, indecl., 204 [Lat. lunintl
twenty, Eng. xvvkntv], twenty. '
«KXTj«f)a, ete., see \anpivu.
tlXov, €l\<JnT|v, see aip^w.
cl^C (^,), ^<,o^„, 170, 790 [Lat. «um,
i^"ff. AMj, 6e, e;./.9^; with gen. or dat
of posse.ssor, Mong, have, possess]
f<^ri. It IS possible, one can.
*yt (0, impf. ia or ijuu, 728, 796
if'- "''' "•^' ^«]' fl'o (Pres. indie, with
iut sense, 5/ia;; ^0), ;,roce.c/, marc/i.
^PP^ev., 610, 871 [Lat. uoc5, call{,sa7
orders had been given. 009
«Is, prep, with ace, properly of
^n^o </^e country 0/, sometimes witl
n"t L T' '"* ""^^^^"^ P-viou
f ^^' «^ '^^'^^^ ^^//^emmfier 0/. of
theendorobject,m.ei7«rc/^^,; .^
respect to. '-^ ' '"
^^^rn^composition ./, signifies in^o, to,
17
4XdrT<av
€ls, Mio, ^1., numeral adj., 618 757
one, Lat. mms. ' ''
«lo--dY«, ^m(Z into or m.
./"/^^^/''''•'^'^"^^-'intr.,.,n^«^
(of river.s), invade.
poA\«], entrance, pass.
«l<r-ir7]8d«, S7)r/>iflf into.
«to-T^K€iv, .see t'o-r7;M£.
*J'<r-,adv.,.'582[4v],m.s/^,,,,,-^^,.^^
«JTa, adv., 2.%, /Aeu, /Aern^^on.
";-thantwo,i„forma.superla(;vL
i*KdT«pos, d, 0^, each of two, in form
a comi)arative.
oiZt"'^"' adv., 382, on both sides
i«KaWpco.o-«, adv., in both dirrctions
*KaT6v, indecl. [Lat. centum, Vav^
ntM.K,:,,, hecatom-b], 100
\*^-lf^^%m,thro^o out, expel.
JK^ adv., 327, ...... ,,«,,,,,,
I^Kcives, 7;, 0, dem. pron., 161 7(32
^f'f that man there, h^t. ille, m ''
jK-KXtv<o, ftenrf o!</, r/iue »my.
€K-K0fi(5«, carry out.
'^^ ^^^oynllow out, surge forward. '
<K-7rX^TT«, 044, strike out of one's
.senses, amaze, terrify.
^^Wo8c6v,adv.,527[^ovs],ou<o/«Ae
«^v, o,Va, 6ui 264, 752, r.eV^^nf?, 0/
4;r;: °^' ^"^"- --' ^^^' -^^-^
JXavvM
18
<e
i ".'
^Xavvw (Aa), i\u, ^Xacra, AiJXaKa,
iMXafiai, i,\<ker)u, r.27, 871 lelastic],
drive, set in motion; intr.; ride, drive,
march.
k\6k\\.<rroi, -n, ov, bll, fewest, least,
shortcut, lowest.
iXciv, c\^o-6ai, sec alpiw.
l\t\Llu> {i\e\iy), i/XiXi^a, cry AeXeO,
raise the war-cry.
tJXcvOcpCa, ds, 7], liberty, freedom.
4\cv0cpos, d, OP, free, Lat. liber.
{X9civ, 4X6(&v, see ^pxofxai.
t'EXXds, ciSos, ^7, 282, Greece.
"IEXXtjv, rjvos, 6, 349, a Greek.
4'EXXtivik6s, tJ, 6p, 5G [Hellenic'],
Greek ; t6 'EWijviKbv, the Greek army.
j'EXXtjvikws, adv., 598, in Greek.
'EXXVionrovTos, ov, 6, 49(5, the Helles-
pont, now the Dardanelles.
^Xir(s» ^5os, r), 2r)6, hope.
4|i-, for iv- before a labial nuite.
l|i-avTov, ^s, reflexive pron., 449,
TOO [k\Li + ovTiSs], of myself. 440.
jfi-PdXXw, throw in, inJUct; intr.,
empty (of rivers), make an invasion^
attack.
i^6Sf tJ, 6p, 449 [Lat. mens, my, Eng.
MINE, my], my, mine.
Slffc-'Trcipos, ou [Iv -\- ircipa], acquainted
with. 856.
4<(L-ir(Cp(i>s, adv., by experience; ifivel-
pws avTov 6x«>', be personally acquainted
with hUn. 85(5.
i|A-ir(p.irXtifii, 1^1, fill full, satisfy. 848.
in-irtirT», 610, fall upon, occur to.
865.
4p,-iroU(i>, create or inspire in, impress
upon. 865.
t4|A-ir6piov, ov, t6, 318, place of trade,
emporium.
<f)i-iropo$, ov, 6 [irdposj, one who
travels, merchant.
i(|i-irpoo-6€v. adv. [irp6o-0«v], before,
in front of. 860.
Iv, prop, with dat., 40 [Lat. in, Kng.
in], in; of place, in, among, in ihe
presence of, before, at, on, by; of time,
in, during, within, at, in the course of;
iv To\jT(f}, meanwhile ; iv (^, while.
In composition iv signilies in, at, on,
upon, among.
jv-S^Karos, t), ov [iv-beKa, eleven, «ls
+ 8^Ka] , elevhith.
Iv-8v(*>, 713, put on.
Sv-cifjii (flfii), be in or there.
(ivtKa or liv€K«v, improper prep, with
gen., post-positive, 416, on account of.
^vcvi^Kovra, indecl. [ivv^a], ninety.
iv9a, adv., 673 [iv], of place, where,
there, here; of time, then, thereupon.
?vioi, ai, a, some.
jivCoTt, adv., sometimes.
ivvla, indecl. [Lat. nouem, nine,
Eng. nink], nine.
Iv6s, 4v(, see eh.
ivTavOa, adv., 170 [Iv], there, here,
in this place, hereupon, thereupon.
ivT«v0€v, adv., 204 [Iv], thence, from
this place, thereupon.
<v-t(0ti|jii, 096, put in, inspire in.
866.
lv-TVYxAv«, chance upon, meet, find.
866.
'EvvdXios, 01^, 6, Enyalius, a name of
Ares, god of war,
l|, before a consonant Ik, prep, with
gen., 66 [Lat. ex, e]. Of place, out of,
from, from within; of time, after, as
iK ToiJTov, after this, hereupon, in irai-
duv, from boyhood; of source or origin,
nmmmmmm
H
19
one who
], before,
. in, Eng.
i<f, in ihe
of time,
'ourse of;
hile.
in, at, on,
leven, «ls
rep. with
'.count of
ninety.
e, where,
reupon.
n, mne,
yre, here,
pon.
ice, from
spire in.
eet, find.
name of
rep. with
3, out of,
after, as
, iK irai-
)Y origin,
'iriS«(KvO)ii
from, in consequence of, as ^k roirov,
in consequence of this.
Ill •■ompo.sitiuii ^^si-iii(i(vs/rom,a»m7/,
out, often implying rcsokiticn, .strong
intention, fulfilment, or comi)letion.
«|, indecl. [Lat. sex, six, Eng. six,
hex-agon], six.
<|-av-yA\«, tell out, report, esp. the
proceedings of a conference.
ii-6.y<a, lead forth, induce.
ii-air4ia, 4!)(>, ask from, demand;
mid., beg off, save by entreaty.
f^aKi<r-xf\ioi, ai, a [+xtXioi], (JOOO.
t€|dKis, indecl. [i(|], six times.
^a-Kdo-ioi, ai, a, Culi [g| + ^KOTdvl,
COO. -■
til-OTrardw, i^-awaTifiaw, li'^5, deceive
grossly, mislead.
^g-airdTTj, 77?, 7) [dirdrri, deceit], gross
deceit, deception.
^^€lnl (dfil), useil only impers., ^^-
eari, 490, it is allowed or possible.
i^-t\avv<a, 518, drive out, expel; Intr.,
march, march on.
«S-€<rTi, 4|-^<rTO,, see ^^-eifii (elfxl).
ii-tr&tut i^Tad), i^-erdaw, etc. [ird^w,
examine], examine closely, review.
^^g-^rao-is, cws, ^, 478, inspection,
review.
^|-iKv^o(Aai, reach a place /row some-
wliere, reach the mark, hit.
^^o^rX£5«, arm ; mid., arm oneself.
i^i-oirXi<r(o, as, i,, 015, state of being
armed; iv rrj i^on\c<Tl(f, under arms.
«e«, adv., 49(5 [i^, Eng. exotic], out-
side, without, beyond the reach of. 860.
^ir-aivi«, ,'}50, bestow praise on,
praltst, commend, approve, applaud.
4x«f, temporal and causal conj., 141,
ivhen, since.
t^ffiiS-dv, conj. with subjv. [+&v],
iohen, after, with or without rdxiara,
as soon as.
jWSVi, conj., 508 [+ Syj], ?y/ien.
€ir-€i|ii (et>0, 245, be on or upon, fte
over.
Sfir-€i|Ai (cr/it), 728, flfo or come on, fol-
low, advance, make an attack.
iir-i\ia, hold upon, hold back, delay.
840. -^
irr-f\v, temporal conj. with subjv. [iirtl
+ dv], whenever, as soon as.
irri, prep, with gen., dat., or ace, 0;{.
With gen., of place, on, upon, i<f>'
tinrwu, on horseback, with vi-rbs of
motion, towards, in the direction of;
of time, in the time of at; of manner]
esp. denoting distribution, M rerrd-
pt^f, four deep, irl <f>d\ayyos, in the
form of a phalanx, in battle array.
With dat., of place, upon, on, by, close
to, at, iirl 0a\dTTii, on the sea ; of time,
M To^Tcp or To^TOii, at or upon this,
thereupon; of cause, aim, or reason,
for; of possession, in the power of, in
command of; of manner, in. With
ace, of place, on, upon, to, against;
of extent of space, extending over, over,
along; of extent of time, for, during;
of purpose or object, to, for.
In composition ^ttI signifies over, in,
upon, against, in addition, but often
it is merely intensive.
*m-PovX€v«, 94, plan or plot against,
design. 8(!5.
iiri-^ovXii, vs, V, 101 [povX^], plan
against one, plot^ design.
4iri-8«£Kvvni, 7i;j, show to, point out,
display, disclose; mid., show for one-
self, show.
fill
ill
\^
%
i- ■ ■
ft
Hi
n
Ill;
l7ri-80|i^(i>, ^TTi-Ov/x'^ffu}, irr-ffl^firjaa
jOvjids], hdve one's heart *»», desire,
loiKj for. HHl
{iri-Kd)iirT(d (ko/utt), iwi-Kafvp(>} \k6,ix-
TTTw, bend], bend towards, wheel.
<ir(-Kfi(iai, 7.'5.'{, lie upon, attaek.
iiri-K£v8\5vos, ov, !].'»5 [kCvSCvos], d((n-
(jeroiis, perilous.
i-i,-iKovpi]\i.a, aros, rb, ^"11, relief, pro-
tection.
iiri-XcCirw, ;]0(5, leave behind; intr.,
fail, (jire t>ut.
{iri-(i(\^0|iai, iiri-iJ.e\Tficroixai, iiri-ne/jLi-
Xrjuai, iir-eixe\-^(ir]i', .■)74 [n^Xfi], care for,
give attention to. H4().
liri-irtiTTw, fall upon, attack, assail;
of snow, fall. »
{iri-o-iT(^0|i,ai {(TiTiS), iiri-ffiTiovixai,
iir-eaiTiadfii]!', .'5(i5 [o-iTos], collect or
procure supplies.
4^iri-<rm<rn6s, ov, 6, 410, a procuring
of supplies, foraging.
{ir(orTa|Jiai (^tt terra), iiriffT-fjaofiai, ■^vi-
(TTi/lOrjv, 707, 871, understand, know,
know how.
im-<rWX\«, send to, send word, en-
join, coninmnd.
^i-m-a-roXi], ijs, i], 141 [epist/e], letter.
itri-a-Tpartva, 021), make an expedi-
tion against. 8(55.
jiriT^Scios, a, ov, 131, suitable, fit,
descrvin(f; ra iiriT-^deia, jyrovisions,
supplies.
itTi-Tl9r\\i.\,, (i95, impose upon, inflict ;
SIkt]v iiriTieivai, i)\^ict punishment;
mid., attack, assault. 80').
iTTi'Tpirriiif 40*2, tar)' o\)vr to, entrust,
allow; mid., give oneself up £or protec-
tion.
20 io-TaXji^vos
?iro(Jiai ((Tf tt), ?i/'0;nat, f(r7r6/ur;»', .'in , 87 1 ,
[Lilt. .s7'7«()r, follow], follow, accoin-
jxini/, ])ursue. 804.
iirrd, iiidool., 204 [liiit. septein,
seven, lOnj?. hi;vkn, hepta-gon], seven.
jiiTTa-ttnn-ioi, ai, a I I- JKardv], 7(/(K
tip-yo ' ji- •^7a5), ipydaonai, elpya-
ffdij.r]v, t' ./Kfi'i r»7'5, 871, work, do,
inflict on. 8:50.
(fp-yov, 01', t6, 527 [wokk, WHKiirr,
wuorcni', en-ergy, organ, s-urgeon],
work, deed, execution, exercise.
«lpT)(jio$, rj, ov, .and oj, ov, .'574 [Aerw/f],
deserted, empty, uninhabited, destitute
or deprived of; araOixol^pijuoi, marches
through a desert. 855.
ipllta {ipi5), rjpiaa [e/us, strife], strive,
contend, vie with. 804.
tipiATlvcvs, (fwj, 6, 508 [hermeneuiic],
interpreter.
'Ep|i{)s, ou, 6, Hermes, the Mercury of
the Honians, messenger of Zeus. See
No. 02.
Spofiai, Attic only in fut. ip-^aofiai
and 2 aor. -^pd/x-qv [cf. Ipoir&ia], ask,
inquire.
cpv|ia, aroj, t6, protection, loall.
jlpvfivds, I?', 6f, fortified.
cpXOfxai {ipx, i'Xvd, i\d), ^XOov, AtJ-
XvOa, 508, 871 [pros-e/yte], come, go.
ipa [Lat. uerbum, Eng. woud], see
eiTfor.
^purddi, ipioTT/jao}, etc., 275, asfc a
question, inquire, question.
^<r6((o (^(r^t, ^5, ^So, '/)a7), ^Sop.ai, ^tpa-
yov, ^d^/jdoKa, iSrjt.ij ^lat, TjS^crdrjv, ()15,
871 [Lat. cdo, eat, Eng. kat], eat, have
to eat. live on.
So-rai, €<roiTO, see elfil.
i<rra\p.ivos, see aTiWw.
,.'Vn,871,
', accitm-
fivptein,
], seven.
'], 700.
i(, tipya-
yoj'A*, do,
WUKJIIT,
-urgeon],
[hermit],
dcHtUiilc
, inarches
e], strloe,
feneutic],
ercury of
;us. See
ip-f]ffofiai
i«], ask,
wall.
\()ov, iXifj-
>tne, go.
)i{i)], see
5, ask a
ofiai, ^(pa-
e-qv, 015,
eat, have
ia-Tt, coiij., until.
io-TtjKiis, JfcrTt]<rav, iarnis, mv Xar-nni.
i[Ta{o, ^Tdxetjorav, S('(> tAttu).
Jrcpos, a, OP, ;{;-)() [hetero-dox, hetero-
geneous], the other, one of two; with-
out, art., another, other.
in, adv. of time and (l(';r,.(.(., 2(M,
1/et, still, further, longer, amj more,
again.
((Toifios, T], Qv, and oj, oc, 1 78, ready,
Vrcpared.
<Tpd<J)Tiv, see Tpi(f>w.
«5, iulv., L'132, 106-//, j«d; off, happily;
eH TToieTf, do well by, benqfU.
t€v.8aiftov(5« {eOSaiiiioyid), edSaipionQ,
Vv5ain6naa, count happy, congratulate.
851.
t«i-8aiji<Sv«s, adv., 5U8, happily,
conip. evSaifiov^arepop.
ev-haliuav, ov, y^vw. ofoi, 420,752 [tZ +
Salfiup, divinity, Ku^. demon], of good
fate or fortune, fortunate, happy, pros-
perous, flourishing.
««eiis, adv., 2;55, straightway, imme-
diately, at once, Lat. statim.
tcC-voio, dy, ^, 488, good-^o ill, fidelity.
1«i-voiKft)s, adv., ;582, with good-iuiil,
kindly ; evpoiKws ^x"", be well-disposed.
tH-voos, Of, contr. ewovs, ovp, 202
[(V + voCs], xoell-dinposed, attached.
tvpia-Kio (eijp), eOpi^aw, y^lpov, rj'vpr^^a,
wpvf^ai, y^vp49r,p, 713, 871,./jnrf, deHse,
procure.
€vpos, ov,, rb, ;mG, 747 \tip<,,, broad],
breadth, width.
ci-TofCa, as, i, [tAttw], good order,
discipline.
Ev({>pdTtis, ov, 6, 102, the Euphrates.
(i-d>vviKOs, OP, 222 [€« + 6voy.a], of
good name or omen, euplieuiistic for
21
twvi]
the ill-oinoned word dpiaTfpds, Uft ; r6
evwpvixop, the left winy.
i^', S('(' ^wl.
i^ayov, »vv. iaOiw.
<4>dvTjv, sec (fialvw.
««j>a<rov, 'i^art, sct^ 0,;^('.
'i^y\, 2<})T^(r0a, H('(! ()>rip.L
^-(o-TTi^i, 707, bring to a stand,
make halt; intr. in ,ni,i., 2 aor., and
I'f., stop, halt.
i\9p6s, d, 6p, .'{82 l^xOoi, hate], hostile;
^xO^pK 0, c,irmy,fac, Lat. host in.
«X« («X,<rxe),^^u»and (Tx^crw, eV^o^,
^<rxV'<a, llaxwai, 40, 871 [saii,, cp-och.
hectic], have, Lat. hobeo, hold, possess,
receive, keep, wear; ^x<^p, having, with]
with inf.,/>(; able, can; with an adv.
f<|nival.'nt to e?mi with an adj., as
edpolKW e^xft", he well-disposcd; o^k
«xw, not to know; mid., hold on to,
eome next to.
Wpa, IwpoKa, Iwpwv, SCO 6pAu3.
i(«s, conj., 5;{7, as long as, while,
until.
tdw, fVw, nni [fw6s, a^iuc, En^'. zoo-
logy], live, be alive.
Zcvs, Aids, 6, 518, Ze)<.s, ,son of Tronns
and Hhea, lii<,dies: of the jro,|„. Sco
Nos. 52, ()1.
ttjXdw, ^r)\ib(Tw [f^Xoy, rnu//, Kng,
zea/, jealous], emulate, envy.
U^XwTds, tJ, 6^, (585, to be envied;
^rfKwTbp, an object of envy.
Mv, Xjav, see Cdw.
j;t]Ww, f?7T7}{rw, etc., 374, seejfc, asA:
/or.
S<6vTi, 7;j, :^, 5;}7 [70/76], belt, girdle.
See Nos. 14, 44, 51, 57.
1
I!
i
22
6<ios
ilti
T|, conj., 472, or; ^ . . . rj, either. . .
or ; vdrepov . . . ij, whether . . . or.
TJ, conj,, 170, than, Lat. quam.
ti, (lilt, siiif,'. ffin. of 6i used adv.
(sc. 65v), iu ?o/*/(7i itfav/, where, as.
TJYY*t\a, see 07 yAXw.
t^"y€fi,«v, 61/oj, 6, 340, 746, leader,
guide.
'f|-y^O|Jiai, r)yT^(rofiai, rjyriiTdfirjv, ^yijfiai,
riyT/i0r}v, 308 [aY«], go before, lead, con-
duct, command; think, believe, con-
sider. 847.
xfSciv, ^Sco-av, see ofSa.
^8<«s, adv., 188 [ijSiis], gladly;
conip. ^Stov, sup. ^SiffTo.
tj8tj, adv., 204, already, by this time,
at length, now, forthwith.
tii'Soiiai, TfadT/iffofiai, ijadTjv, 356, be glad,
be pleased.
T|8vs, eia, i5, 502, 752 [Lat. sxiauis,
sweet, Eng. swket], sioeet.
T)Ki(rTa, see ijttwv.
tjKw, 7/^w, 204, come, 6e or have come.
TJXao-c, see iXaiivw.
T|X0ov, see ^pxofiai.
r\)t.ai. {r)i), 700, sit.
T|(tci$, etc., see iyd.
Tj|i.«),r)|i^v«s, adv. [formed from pf.
pass, partic. of d|icX^a>], carelessly.
T|(i^pa, as, i), 40 [ep-hemera/], day;
rri inioOari iiixipq., next day ; fiiffop iifxi-
pas, mid-day, noon : fi/xo t?) w^pqi, at
daybreak.
T|)i,^Tcpos, o, ov, 440 [tinets], our; tA
yjixirepa, our affairs.
^|ii-, only in composition [Lat. semi-y
half-, Eng. he mi-], half.
jT|jii-8«P<iKdv, ov, t6 [ + 8ap«iK6s], /w^-
daric.
4T]|ii(rv$, «a, V, 502, /itt(/".
TJv, contr. form of iiv.
T|v, see €11x1.
r\vlKa, \v\. adv., lohen.
r\vl-o\09, ov, 6 [ifvla, reins, -f i\ia],
driver, charioteer. See Nos. 20, 54, 00.
][)P^Ot)v, |r{p^|iT)v, see ai/j^w,
T|p(i(ii]v, see ^pofiai.
r\<rOi\, see ^Soyuot.
tTjTTdojiai, ijTTTfiaofiai, etc., pass, dep.,
380, be inferior, be toorsted or defeated.
TlTTCDv, 01', gen. ovos, 577, inferior,
weaker.
OAXarra, r;j, 17, 63, 739, sea, Lat.
wmrc.
fldvaros, ou, 6, 537 [Ovin'o-Kw], (iea^A.
OdiTTto) (Ta0 for ^o0), ^di/'w, ^^a^a,
T^da/jifxai, ^rdipTjp, 573, 871, feitry.
tOapp^w, Oapp-ffffb), i&dpprfaa, reddpprjKa,
652, be bold or courageous, take heart ;
OappQv, part, as adv. , confidently, cour-
ageously.
Odppos, ovi, t6 [dare, durst], cour-
age.
jOappvvw, make bold, cheer, encourage.
0aTT«v, see rax iJy.
6avp,dt(<> (OcLVfiad), Oavixdaoixai, iOat'i-
fiaaa, Tedai/xaKa, ieavfidaGrjv, 264, 871
[eaOfxa, wonder, Eng. thaumat-urgy],
wonder at, admire, loonder.
46av|iaa-T6s, 77, 6v, 685, wondrous,
loonderful, surprising, remarkable.
6(^o(iai,, Oedaofiai, etc. [theatre], gaze
at, behold.
Ocao-Oai, by contr. for deieffffai,
Oeios, d, OP [Ocds], diviiie ; deTop, t6,
divine intervention, portent.
-••V
-0«v, Humx denoting whence.
e«6s, oO, 6, 1^, 1 1(5 \iheo-lo(j,j, theism],
god, (joddesH.
t0€TToX£a, ay, ^, Thessaly.
0«TTa\ds, ov, 6, 101, a Thessalian.
e<« {0v), 0ti'>ffonai, run, race; of
troopH, charge.
®^P, «5s, i> [Lat. ferus, wild], wild
bcant.
|eT|p«i>«, eijp^iliau, etc., H\,hunt, catch.
Spg No. 45.
jOtiptov, ou, t6, 83, wiW ttnima/,
-6i, sulKx denoting where.
Ovijo-Kw (^av), davovfiai, HOavop, ridvrjKa,
010, 871, die, pf. and 2 pf., 7li), 2,
&e tiead, 6e slain.
OcipvPos, 01;, 6, 020, noise, disturbance,
uproar.
0p$S, /f6s, 6, 245, n Thracian.
0O|xPpiov, 01^, t6, rhymbrium.
Ovfids, oD, 6, soMf, Aeari.
evpa, dj, i], 40 [Lat. /oris, (/oor, Eng.
iK)OK], door; ^TTi ra« /3a<rA^wj %a«,
a< coMr< ,• so %at of a general's head-
quarters.
tev<r(a, as, 17, sacrifice, offering. See
No. 0.
ev«, ^()<rw, ^^Ccra, r^^u/ca, T^f^uyttat,
imdvu, 110, 871, saor^/ice; mid., cause
to sacrifice, offer sacrifice.
te«paKCt« (0o,paKc8), idwpdKiaa, reOw-
pdKia^at, iOu>pdKla0r,u, 044, arm with a
cuirass; mid., put on one's cuirass.
e<ipa|, a/coj, 6, 245 [thorax], breast-
plate, corselet, cuirass, worn not only
l)y the heavy-armed foot-soldier but
also by the cavalryman. Hie Ocbpd^
consisted of two metal plates made to
fit the person, of which one protected
23
Up6s
the breast and abdomen, Mic other the
back. TJM.y were hinged on one sides
and buc^kled on the other. Tln.y were
further kept in place, by leathern
straps passing over the shoulders from
behind and fastened in front, and by
No. 73.
the belt. About the lower part of the
breastplate was a series of flaps of
leather or felt, covered with metal,
whicli protected the hips and groin of
the wearer. See Nos. 12, 17, 20 25
30, 37, 02, 73, 81. ' '
18^, ISciv, etc., see opdu.
K810S, d, OP [idiom, idiosyncrasy],
one's own, personal, private.
jlSniTus, ov, 6, 422 [idiot], an ordi-
nary or private person, private soldier,
private.
Upds, d, 6p, 490 [hier-Tchy, hiero-
glyphic:], holy, sacred; Upd, rd, sacri-
fices, omens from inspecting the vitals
:iJi
fi)Hi
24
Ka6((rTT]|ii
"if (Of V(r(>>, i7fa, er»ca, er/Lio(, ei'^rji',
73;{, 7!»7, 871, send, throw, hurl at;
mid., send o)iesdJ\ rnii/i, charye. 845.
tlKavds, Vi ^"^ 150, cuininy up to,
sufficient, able, eapable, competent.
lKvio\kai. {Ik), i^ofxat, iKdfirfv, ly/xai, 871,
cume.
t\H, 779, ri, crowd, band ; of cavalry,
troop.
ilidriov, ou, t6, o«^er garment iv.sein-
blinji; the mantle, himation, coiTespond-
ii»«^ ill use to the Homa!! toga. See
Nos. 1, t), 8(5, 37, 39, 52, 01, (!{), 88.
V'va, final particle, that, in order that,
32(5.
tlirircvs, ^ws, 6, 508, horseman, knight,
cavalryman ; pi., cavalry. See Nos.
17, 20, ;53.
tliririKds, ■^i 61/, (585, /or cavalry, cav-
alry-; ImriKdv, t6, cavalry, horse.
tlirTrd-Spoiios, ov, 6 [+8pd(ios], race-
course, hippodrome.
iiriros, ov, 0, 7], 78 [Lat. equus,
horse'], horse, mare; atrb or ^0' i'TTTrou,
on horseback.
No. 74.
t<r0i, I'o-fjLcv, e<c. , see oUa.
Ho-os, T/, Qv [iso-sfelesl, equal.
I<r(ro£, wj', 01, Issius.
l'o-TT]ni ((^ra), (TTT](Tu, f<TTr](ra and
eo-Tif»', iffT-qKa, iarafiai, i<TTddr)v, 707,
78(5, 700, 871, 2 pf. itrraTov, etc., 702
[Lat. sistb, make stand, sto, stand,
Vav^. stanp, stkm), sti;i;i), apostate,
ecstasy, systam], set, make stand,
make halt; intr. in uiid. (except 1
aor.), in 2 aor., both pfs., and both
pipfs. act., stand, stop, halt.
l<rT£ov, ov. Tit, sail. See No. 78. '
tl<rxvp<Ss, (4, bv, 124, strong.
tl<rxCpws, adv., 508, strongly, vehement-
ly, exceedingly, vigorously, with severity.
lo-xvs, iJos, 7} [Lat. u'ls, strength].,
strength ; of an army, force.
I'orws, adv., 548 [£<ros], equally, per-
haps.
IX^vs, t5os, 6, 478, 748 [ichthyo-logy],
fish.
I'xvos, ov?, t6, trace, track.
'Itavla, as, rj, Ionia.
K
KaYoGd, Ka^aOds, by crasis for Kal
dyaM, Kal dya66s.
Khyd>, by crasis for Kal iyii.
Ka0*, see Kard.
ka9--f\K<a, come doion, reach or extend
down.
KoO-Tinai, 733, 799, sit doivn, be
seated; of soldiers, be encamped.
Ka0-£o-TT|ni, 707, set down, station,
bring down or back, bring, establish,
make, appoint; mic!. with pf. and 2
aor. act. intr., take one^s place, be
established.
KaOopdtt
Ka0-op4«, look down on, observe,
inspect.
Ko(, coiij. , 4r,, awl, IM. d ; influenc-
ing i)articuliir words or expressions,
also, too, even, further, Lat. diam]
Kal . . . Kai (7H), or re . . . Kai (1(51),
botfi . . . and, not only . . . but also.
Ko(-ir€p, concessive particle, 7:i2 [ko(
+ ir^p], althouyh, with the participle.
Kaipds, ov, b, 5;]7, the rUjht or fitting
time, opportunity, occasion.
KUKfivos, by crasis for Kal iKeivoi.
kok6s, ^, 6p, 45, 577, bad in the
broadest sense (as opposed to dyadds),
base, cowardly, hurtful; KaKbv, rb,
harm, evil.
jKaKws, adv., 282, badly, ill; kukw
TTomv, do harm or damage to, injure,
ravage; KUKwi ^xfLv, be badly off.
Ka\iia [KoKe, K\e), kuXQ, iKd\e<Ta,
K^K\T}Ka, K€K\7IHai, iK'K'^dTJV, 282, 871
[Lat. calo, call, clamd, call out, Eng.
HAi-L, u\L-7/ard, ec-c/esiast/c], call,
summon, Lat. uoco, call, name; b
Ka\o}ifievoi, the so-called.
Ka\69, 77, bu, 45, 577 [calli-graphy],
beautiful, fair, propitious, noble ; koUs
Kal dyadbs, Ka\6s KayaObs, noble and
good, 'gentleman.'
|Ka\ws,adv., 308, beautifully, bravely,
loell, successfully, honorably; Ka\w
exft", be well.
Konof, by crasis for kuI i/xoi.
Kov, by crasis for Kal idv.
KdvSus, voi, b, 701, a long outer gar-
ment, the caftan. See Nos. 11, 64.
KairiraSoKfo, ds, ij, Cappadocia.
xxupiu, dy, 7/, Caria.
Kdp<)>ti, ^s, 7) [Kdp(/)w, dry up], dried
stalks, hay, straw.
25
KaTa(rK^irTO|iat
KaxA, prep, with gen. and ace, 212,
doion (as opposed to dvd), Lat. sub.
With gen., denoting motion from
above, down, down from, down upon,
underneath. With ace, of place or
position, with verbs of motion, on,
over, down, down along, by, opposite,
against, near, at ; of fitness or relation,
according to, concerning ; Kal Kard yrjv
Kal Kara edXarrau, by land and Sea ;
Kara Kpdroi, with might and main;
Kara ^durj, by nations ; (card fx^aop rbu
ffradfibv, about the middle of the day's
march.
In composition Kard signifies down,
along, or against ; fre(iuently it merely
strengthens the meaning of the simple
verb, and often cannot be translated ;
sometimes it gives a transitive force to
an intransitive simple verb (cf Lat
dc-).
KaTo-Pa(v«, go doiun, descend.
Kar-d-yw, 341, lead down or back,
bring back, restore.
Kara-Gcdofiai, look down on.
koto-kjSw, 728, burn down, burn up,
burn.
Kara-KoirTw, 212, cut to pieces, slay.
KOTo-\onPdv«, 4i)0, seize upon, cap-
ture, take, surprise, occupy.
KOTo-Xttira), 212, leave behind, aban-
don.
KttTa-Xww, 537, unloose, dissolve,
end, make peace, stop fighting, unyoke
(sc. rd viro^ijyia), i.e. make a halt,
halt.
Kara-irT]8d(D, leap doivn, leap.
KaTtt-irpaTTw, 618, do thoroughly,
execute, bring to an end, accomplish.
KaTa-(rK^7rTop,ai, 430, view closely.
Karao-xtCw
26
KVT^^ts
1
I!
Kara-o-xttw, 0<54, split down, cleave
asKndcr, biirHt thronyh, burnt open.
KaTa.«j>ov^8, A, 421) [<j>o(v«], dearly
seen, in plain sight, visible.
KaTa-4><i)7(i>, take refuge.
KaTa-«)/T]4>(to|iai, Ij'Al, vote against
852.
Kar-ctSov, see Kad-opdu.
KOT-cKdrrrjv, 2 aor. pass, of nara-
KblTTW.
Kar-iSwv, see Kad-opdu.
tKov|Aa, aros, t6, heat.
kSw (/cai/), Kavaw, tKavaa, K^KavKa^
K^Kavfxai, iKaidrjv, 51)1, 871 [caustic,
holo-caust], burn, kindle.
Kiinoi, Kclffoiiai, 7;3.S, 708 [Lat. c'luis,
citizen, quits, rest, Eng. iiomk, ceme-
tery], lie, be laid, lie dead.
KcXaivaC, Qv, al, Celaenae.
KcXcvw, AccXei/ffw, ^/cAeutra, Ke/cAeuxa,
Ke/cAelff/iot, iKeK^iadrjv, 94, 871, tfriue,
onZer, command, bid, give orders, Lat.
iubeo, urge, advise, suggest.
K«v6s, tJ, 61-, empty, groundless. 856.
K^pos, /c^pws and K^paros, t6, 396
[Lat. cornu, Aorn, Eng. uohn, hart,
rhino-ceros], horn, prop, of an animal,
then bugle horn, drinking horn, peak
of a mountain, wing of an army.
KC(|>aX^, ^j, ^7, 616 [Lat. caput, head,
Eng. a-cephalous], head.
Kfjpvg, vKoi, 6, 246, herald, who car-
ried messages to the enemy or made
proclamations and gave all sorts of
public notices to his fellow soldiers.
His distinctive badge was his staff, a
straight shaft with two intertwined
shoots above. See No. 76.
iKT]pVTTW (K^pm), KttpO^W, fK-qpV^a,
KtK-fipdxa, KeKi^pvynai, iKrjptxdvv, 673,
he a herald, proclaim, make proctnma-
tion, announce.
No. 75
tKiXiKfa, ay, i), 548, Cilicia.
K(Xi|, iKos, 6, 246, a Cilician.
tKiv8vv(v(D, KivdvveiLKTO}, etc., 698, en-
counter danger, run a risk, be in peril.
kCvSvvos, ov, 6, 336, danger, risk.
^M^PXos, ov, 6, 116, Clearchus, a
Spartan general, the special friend of
Cyrus.
kXc(o), KXetau, ^/cXetcra, K^K\€ip.ai and
K^KXeLfffiai, iK\ela0riv, 366, 871 [Lat.
claudo, close, Eng. slot], shut, close.
kX^ittw (kXctt), K\4fu, I^K^erpa, k^-
K\o(pa, K^KXefinai, iKMir-qv, 627. 871
[Lat. clepo, steal, Eng. Moj)-lipter],
steal, embezzle.
KXtvw {kKiv), kXivQ, ^KXiva, KiKKi/xai,
iKXldrjv and iKXlvrjv [Lat. inclino, in-
cline, Eng. LEAN, climate. en-clliic\,
cause to lean, bend.
kX(6»|;, KXuirds, 6, 245, 743 [kX^wtw],
thief.
Kvijuts, idoi, i) [Kv^fir), leg], greave,
generally piur., that part of the defen-
sive armor of the Greek hoplite which
proc^nma-
I.
an.
698, en-
e in peril.
', risk,
nrchus, a
friend of
Keifjtai and
^71 [Lat.
it, close.
'Ke\J/a, kI-
627. 871
•-lifter],
cllno, in-
en-c/ftic],
[kX^tttw],
I, greave,
he defen-
ite which
KoXd{w 27
covered his leg from the knee to the
hiHtej.. (Jrcavfs w.-re niacU^ of flexible
metal, and lined with felt,
leather, or cloth, and fas-
tened behind by straps or
buckles. See Nos. 8, 12, 11>,
20, 25, ;jo, ;}4, ;J7, 70, 81.
KoXdJo) (KoXaS), K0\d<TW,
MXaaa, KfKdXaafxai, iKoXd-
(rerjv, 627, check, punish,
ivjlict punishment.
KoXoo-o-of, Qv, al, Colos-
sae.
*fo\i.il<a (KOfuS), KOfiiw, etc.,
■109, carry away so as to
save, bring, convey.
KoviopTds, ov, 6, 073, cloud of dust.
KdiTTw (/cott), Ki^u,, liKO^|^a, K^Ko<l>a,
K^Ko,x„ac, Mirnv, 212, 871 [syn-copate],
cut, hew, slash, fell, slaughter.
Kop<r«T^, ^y, ^, Corsote.
KOv<J>os, 77, ou, light; ^jproi kovAos,
hay.
KpAvos, ovs, t6, 398 [cranium], head-
Kpiiirrw
No. 76
No, 77.
piece, helmet of metal, Lat. cassis, or
of leather, Lat. galta. The helmet of
metal, which was developed from t'le
simpler dogskin cap, consisted of six
pieces : the cap ; the metal ridge run-
ning from the fnmt to the back of the
cap, and designed jis a support fo, the
crest; the crest; the visor; the cheek-
pieces ; and the neck-piece. See Nos
«,1-M4, 20, 30,33,34,37,40,66,00,'
02, 03, 77, 81. ' ' »
tKpdTio-Tos, ,,, OP, 677, strongest,
bravest, best, noblest; neUt. pi. Kpdn^Ta
as adv., in the best way, most bravely.
^ Kpdros, 01/ J, t6, 409 [Lat. creo, create,
Eng. iiAKD, demo-crat. demo-cracy],
strength, force, might, Lat. uls.
KpavY^j, V^, V, 46, outcry, shout,
clamor, uproar.
Kp^as, Kpiu,,, r6, 390, 747 [Lat. card,
flesh, Eng. creosote], flesh, pi. pieces of
flesh, meat.
Kptirrav, ov, gen. ovo^, 577 [Kpdros],
stronger, braver, better, nobler, more
valuable.
Kp€Hdvvv,ii (Kpe/xa), Kpe^Q, iKpi^acra,
iKpep.d<Tevp, 713, 871, trans., hang up,
suspend.
Kp^vr,, r,s,ii, 502,spring,ivell, Lsit.fdns.
Kp^s, Kpr,T6i, 6, 615, a Cretan.
Kptvw (Kpcp), KpivQ, ^Kplpa, KiKpiKa,
KiKpt^a^^ iKpldriv, 591 [Lat. cemb, sepa-
rate, Eng. critic, hypo-crisy], divide,
distinguish, decide, determine, be of
opinion, judge, bring to trial.
jKpCo-is, tm, i,, 728 [crisis], decision,
trial.
Kai^^ (vnt.rf>), ^p,',^.e., ?>cpv^a, K^KpV^.
f^ac, iKpi.pevu, 573 [crypt, crypto-gam,
grotto], hide, conceal, Lat. tego. 838.
1 1
i' !
i
II
KTdo(iai
28
Avk5ov(S
m
Krdofiai, JCTTj(TO/uai, iKTyjad/xr)!', k^kty]-
MOi, acquire, gain, get. get together;
pf. as pres., possess, have.
KTcCvo) (KTev), KTeVW, fKTeLVa, tKTOVa,
591, kill.
kvk\os, ov, 6, 882 [Lat. circus, circle,
Eng. cyc/e, hi-cycle, en-cyc/o-paedia],
circle, curve, ring ; k^k\<{), in a circle.
|kukX6w, KVK\d!)ffw, etc., 382, surround,
encircle, hem in.
jKVKXdxris, ewj, ij, an encircling; us
els K'uK\(jjcnv, as if to encircle.
Kvpos, ov, 6, 83 : I. Cijrus the Elder,
founder of the Persian empire, accord-
ing to Xenophon the son of Cambyses
and grandson of Astyagep ; II. Cyrus
the Younger, the leader of the expedi-
tion against Artaxerxes.
Kvwv, Kvv6s, 6, ri [Lat. canis, dog,
Eng. HOUND, cynic], dog, hound, cur.
See No. 39.
KuXvo), K(a\i(Tu, etc., 327, hinder,
prevent, oppose, check; t6 kwXvov, the
hindrance, obstacle.
KiijiT], 7JJ, 17, 45, 739 [Ktl\iai], village.
^K(i>|ji^TT|s, ov, 6, 573, villager.
Xa^civ, X(\P(&v, see Xa/jL^dvu.
XaGciv, XaOuv, see XavOdvoj.
\6i9p<t,, adv., 638 [Xav0«*v«l, covertly,
without the knowledge of.
AaKc8ai|idvios, a, ov, 422, Lacedae-
monian ; AaKedaifxdvioi, ov, 6, a Lace-
daemonian.
Xafjipdvo) (Xa/3), XT^i/'O/xat, eXa/3oj/, etXr)-
(pa, etXtjfjL/jLai, iXUd-nv, 374, 871 [Lat.
labor, toil, Eng. di-lemma, pro-tepsis],
take, take into one's hand, receive,
get, take or get possession of, enlist,
catch, find.
Xov9dvw (Xae), XtJo-w, tXaOov, X^Xr]0a,
X^Xrjafiai, 085, 871 [Lat. lated, lie hid,
Eng. lethargy, Lethe], lie hid, escape
t?ie notice of; mid., forget. 684. •
X^-yw, eXe^o, efXoxa, elXey/xai, iXiyrjv
and iXix^riv, 561, 871, gather, collect.
\iya, X^^w, eXe^a, X^Xey/xaL, iX^x^rjv,
161, 871 [dia-fect, lexicon], say, speak,
tell, state, mention, relate, Lat. died,
bid, charge, vote. 609.
Xc(irw (Xjtt), Xel\p(i), eXiwov, X^Xonra,
X^XeifXfjiai, iX€l(pe7}p, 212, 773-775, 871
[lj?it.linquo, leave, Eng. lend, ec-lipse],
leave, abandon, forsake, quit, leave
behind, leave alive.
XcvK(Ss, 1^1, bv, 673 [Lat. lux, light,
Eng. light], white.
X£0os, ov, 6, 733 [litho-graph], stone.
\l^6<i, ov, 6, hunger, famine.
X670S, ov, 6, 78, 741 [X^Y»> s«y» Eng.
philo-logy, dia-logue, log-arithm], word,
saying, statement, speech, discourse,
debate, rumor, narrative.
^^y\^> V^i Vi 478, point or spike of a
spear, spear, lance. See No. 41.
Xoiirds, 7], dv, 341 [XtCirw], remaining,
with the art. , the rest ; Xolw6p {sc.
i(TrL), it remains ; rb Xonrdv, for the
future.
X6<)>os, ov, 6, hill, ridge, height.
tXox-a76s, ov, 6, 150 [+ 070)], com-
mander of a X6xos, captain.
X<ixos, ov, 6, 462 [X<^xo^ couch, Lat.
lectus, couch, Eng. lie, laik, log],
ambush, men in ambusli, company.
tAv8(Sf a?-, 17, LydJM.
AvSios, d, ov, Lydian.
AvKaov(a, oj, i], Lycaonia.
XC'ir^(
:(!>
29
\kipo9
of, enlist,
i, lie hid,
d, escape
684. -
II, iXiyqv
, collect.
iij, speak,
1-at. died,
X^XwTra,
-775, 871
ec-/ipse] ,
ity leave
IX, light,
h], stone.
■ay, Eng.
m], word,
Uscourse,
\pike of a
41.
maining,
nr6v {sc.
, for the
jht.
w], com-
ich, Lat.
R, log],
)any.
tXUir^w, Xvir^ffu, etc. , 381), grieve, dis-
tress, vex, annoy, molest.
Xwinj, 77s, 7], pain, grief, sorrow.
\i(a, \tau3, fXva-a, X^Xvku, XAu/xat,
iXjjffyju, 5(), 7(55-770, 871 [Lat. luo, loose,
Eng. M)SE, i.oosK, ana-lyze], loose, set
free, release, break, break down, de-
stroy; mid., loose one's own, ransom.
M
|xA, intensive particle, 439, surely,
used in negative oatlis. 837.
MafavSpos, ov, 6, 170 [meander], the
Maeander, a river in Asia Minor of
winding course.
fiaKpds, d, 6v, 40, long, high, tall;
fiuKpdv {sc. 6d6i>), a long way.
H-dXa, adv., very, much, very much,
greatly, exceedingly, Lat. ualde; comp.
fiaXXop, 170, more, rather; sup. /xdXi-
ara, 4(H!, 7nost, especially.
tiavOAvft) (^a^), fiadTfiaofiai, ^fiadop,
fxe/xdOvKa, 085, 871 [mathematics],
learn, find out.
(idvTis, cws, 6, 044 [maniac, necro-
mancy], one inspired, seer, diviner.
Mop«r{ios, ov, 6, 713, Marsyas, a
satyr. See No. 53, where he is fas-
tened to the tree, about to be flayed
by Apollo.
MAoTKas, a, 6, the Mascas, a river,
p,d<rTi|, 1709, ij, whip, lash. See
Nos. 47, 54.
tfidxaipa, as, i,, 03, knife, sioord,
sabre. See No. 5.
Hdxil, Vi, V, 45, battle, engagement,
fight. See No. 20.
lUdxoRai, fiaxov/xai, iiiaxeadfi-qv, fxeixd-
XVf^ai, 537, 871, fight, give battle. 864.
[kiyas, /xeydXv, f^^a, 502, 577, 753 [Lat.
. magnus, Eng. much, mega/o-saurus],
great, large, tall, weighty, powerful;
neut. as adv., ^1^70, greatly.
Mc-ya(|>^pvT]$, ov, 6, Megaphernes.
H^-yio-Tos, super, of ^1^705,
(i€0', see nerd.
\L(il<av, comp. of fiiyas, 577.
H«£wv, comp. of ^-iKp6i, 577.
i|icXav(a, ds, i}, blackness.
(i^Xtts, fM^Xaim, fi^Xav, gen. fx^Xavos,
etc., 429, 762 [melan-choly], black.
ji^Xci, MeX^o-et, iniX-qae, fxe/x^XriKe,
inipers., it is a care, it concerns; ifiol
IxiX-fiaei, I will see to it.
(icXCvT), Tfi, rj, millet.
|i^XX«, /xeXX^ffw, ^fiiXXijaa, be about,
intend, delay.
tt€|ivfjo, etc., see fxinpria-KW.
fi^v, post-positive particle, never used
as a conj. to connect words and sen-
tences, but to distinguish the word or
clause with which it stands from some-
thing that is to follow, and commonly
answered by 5^ (sometimes by dXXd,
ixivToi.) in the corresponding clause,
on the one hand, indeed, truly, but
often it is not to be translated, and
its presence is to be shown merely by
stress of voice ; 6 p.kv...6 84, the one
. . .the other, plur. some . . . others, 815;
dXXA fjL^p, but certainly.
(A^vToi, adv., 501, really, certainly,
in truth; conj., yet, still, however,
nevertheless.
iiiva, fxevw, ^fieiva, fien^vrjKa, 591, 871
[Lat. 7naneo, stay], remain, stay, wait
J or, last, be in force.
M^vwv, wvos, 6, 350, Menon.
fi^pos, ovi, t6, 409, division, part,
|xc(rT|)iPpCa
30
|ii<rOo4>opA
share, portion, Lat. pars ; fi4pos n ttjs
evra^las, an instance of their discipline ;
iv fiipei, in turn.
t|iC(r-T]|iPp(a, ds, 7} [+r\\k{pa], noon,
midday ; the south.
\kia-os, Vi OP, 222 [Lat. medius, middle,
Eng. mid], middle; n^aov, t6, the :nid-
dle, centre, m idst, space between.
(jLccTT^s, tJ, 6v, full of, laden. 855.
(icrd, prep, with gen. and ace, 161.
With gen., with, in company with,
among; with ace, of place or time,
behind, after, next; fxerit, toOto or raOra,
after this, hereupon.
In composition fjierd signifies sharing,
loith, among, or time or quest, after,
or change, from one place to another.
|jicTa|v, adv., between. 856.
tucTd-irenirros, ov, 685, sent for.
\ura-iri\i.iroi, 174, 178, send after;
mid., send for a person to come to one-
self, summon.
|i€T-<X**> ^"^"6 ^ share. 844.
(ji^XPS improper prep, with gen., 673,
of time or place, up to, until; conj.,
until.
|i^, adv., 308, not, used with the
imv. and subjv. in all constructions;
in all final and object clauses, except
after yuij, that not, lest, which takes
oil ; in all conditional and conditional
relative clauses, and in the corre-
sponding temporal sentences after ^ws,
vplv, etc. ; in relative sentences ex-
pressing a purpose ; with the infin. ,
except in indirect discoiirae ; and with
the par tic. when it expresses a con-
dition. All of the compounds of
juij follow the usa*'© of the simnle
word.
||itl-8^, conj. and adv. [+ 8^J, but not,
and not, nor, Lat. neque, nee ; not even,
Lat. nc . . . quidem.
^ii.rfi-tis, fila, 4v [+«ls], not one,
none, no, nobody, nothing, Lat. nemo,
nrdlus.
Mr\BtSL, as, i], Media.
H'^O', see /jiT^Te.
^r\-K-iTi, adv., 422 [ji^ -|- ?ti], not
again, no longer.
H^v, post-positive intensive particle,
in truth, surely, truly, Lat. uSrO; Kal
ixijv, and in fact, and yet ; dXXA fii^v, but
surely, but still ; ^ p.^v, in very truth.
H^v, fjLTjvds, 6, 349, 745 [Lat. mensis,
month, Eng. moon, month], month.
H^-iroT€, adv., 685 [(ifj + iroW], not
ever, never, Lat. nunquam.
p.'^rrip, fjLTjTpds, 7), 349, 746 [Lat. mater,
mother, Eng. mother], mother.
(iCa, see ef;.
MCSas, ov, 6, Midas, a mythical king
of Phrygia.
|jiiKp6$, d, 6v, 40, 577 [micro-scope},
small, little, Lat. paruus, of small
account, insignificant; neut. as adv.,
pTiKpbv, hardly; comp. ix€lu>v, smaller,
less ; neut. as adv. , neiop, less.
Mt\T)Tos, ov, 7), 49(), Miletus.
|ii)iV|]0'K(a (p-va), pLvijau}, ip.vr)aa, p.ip.vii\-
fxai, if^vfiadt^v, 644, 871 [Lat. meminl,
remember, moneo, remind, admonish,
Bug. mentor, mnemonics], remind; mid.
and pass., remind oneself, remember,
mention, make mention, with pf. p.ipvii-
fiai as pres. , Lat. meminl. 846.
|jii(r06s, ov, 6, 94 [meed], wages, pay,
hire, reward.
i! — -; — ; — - •/> •— L '^ X'r'*'J>
tjoages received, pay.
tfsmsamamem
i], but not,
; nut even,
not one,
Lat. nemo,
f in], not
'e particle,
uSrO; Kal
Xa fjLT^v, hut
ry truth.
at. mensfs,
, month.
iroW], not
Lat. mater,
ler.
hical king
cro-scope],
of small
;. as adv.,
', smaller,
'S.
us.
laa, fiffivrj-
t. memin'i,
admonish,
lind; mid.
remember,
pf. ix^fjLvri-
ages, pay.
r-j- A,i
)ii(rOo(^<$po$
JHi<rflo.<()6pos, o., 389 [+ <}>^p«], receiv-
mgpay; ,xtaOo,f>6poL, ol, mercenaries.
j»ii<r0<i«, fiicrdiiffu, etc., 389, fe« /or
hire, let ; mid., Aaue let to oneself, hire.
Rva, aj, 1^, 292, 742, mina, the next to
the highest denomination in Attic silver
money, although never actually minted
as a coin, one sixtieth of a talent, and
worth to-day about $18.00 in U.S
silver money, according to its legal
rate of value. See also 5/oaxM.
|4vti<re^, see fiifipya-Kw.
l*«ivos, V, OP, 496 [monk, monad, mono-],
alone, Lat. solus, only, sole; neut. as
adv., fxdpop, alone, only, solely.
Mvp(av8os, ov, i,, Myriandus.
tjivpids, dSoy, ij [myriad], the number
ten thousand, myriad.
Jii!p£os, a, OP, 170, countless ; pi. ^ipiot
at, o, 10,000.
vdm], r)i, ij, 038, ravine, glen.
tvav-apxos, o.., 6 [-f- &px«], aci/^iimZ.
vaOs, pe<I,s, i,, 608, 749 [Lat. nauis,
ship, Eng. /,ai/f/ca/], 5A?>, either the
merchant vessel, seen at the left in
No. 78, or the man-of-war, seen at the
right.
81
v«t
vcavfSs, ov, 6, 102, 740 [vfos], young
man.
v€Kp6s, ov, 6, ({73 [Lat. nex, death,
Kng. necro-logy], dead body, corpse-
ol pcKpol, the dead. '
v4os, a, OP [Lat. nouus, new, Eng.
NKw, neo-phyte], young, fresh.
v€({>aT,, 7,5, ^, (;73 [^^0oj, rb, cloud,
Lat. nu^es, cioud], cloud.
v€«v, see mOj.
v^j, intensive particle, surely, used
in alKrmative oaths. 837.
tvlKdw, ,rK7;Va;, etc., 275 conquer,
i^revaiY over, surpass, ou.do, Lat.
vtKTj, -ns, i), 255, victory, Lat. uictoria.
See No. 52.
tvofi(j;« (pofiiS), pofiiC, etc., 335, 871
regard as a custom, regard, consider,
believe, think, Lat. puld.
vdfAos, ov, 6, custom, law.
vovs, pov, 6, 292, 742 [y,yvd,<rKo,],
mmd, Lat. mens; <?. p^ ^^,,,^ ,,ave in
mind, purpose, intend.
vOv, adv., 341 [Lat. nunc, now, Eng.
NOW], now, just now, just, at present.
vwg, pvktS,, i,, 255, 744 [Lat. nox,
night, Eng. mGUT],night; n^aat .,Wej.
midnight.
No. 78.
«E2*— '^^
■I
S(v(fis
32
olKia
■
L '.
g€v£Ss, ov, 6, Xenias.
I^vos, 01', 6, 101, stranger, foreigner,
guest friend, guest, host, foreign sol-
dier, mercenary.
gevo<|>wv, wvToi, 6, 275, Xenophon,
an Athenian, author of the Anabasis.
il^oSf ovs, t6, (i85, sword, Lat. gla-
dius. The ^l<pos had a straight blade,
and was double-edged. It was carried
in a scabbard which rested on the left
side of the body, and was supported
by a strap that passed over the right
shoulder. See Nos. 14, 19, 20, 25,
40, 79.
Ill i«
No, 79.
t|\»Xivos, ■»?, ov, of loood, wooden.
|vXov, ov, t6, 439, piece or bar of
vjood; pi. timbers, beams, wood, fuel.
6, 7}, t6, the deiinite article, 80, 758,
the, with demonstrative force in the ex-
pressions 6 niv . . . c 5i, the one . . . the
other, this . . . that, pi. these . . . those,
8ome . . . the rest ; 6 5^, without pre-
ceding 6 fx^v, and he, but he, and in
pi., but they, the rest (never referring
to the subject of the preceding sentence,
but always to some word in an oblique
case). 815. As the art., used some-
times in (ireek where we should omit
it, as with proper names and numerals.
807. The art. may be used also to
mark a person or thing as well known
or customary, or with distributive
force, as rov fxrjvbs ry aTpaTLwrri, per
month to each soldier, or where we
should use a possessive pron. 810. ra
Kipov, Cyrus'' s relations; oi iKdvov, his
men ; ol (pevyovres, the exiles ; 6 j3ouX6-
/uefos, whoever loishes ; 61 otKoi, those at
home; ol (vSov, those loithin; oi irapa
,3a(riX^wj, men from the king; oi iK ttjs
dyopds, market men; ol aiiv avrip, his men.
6po\6s, ov, 6, obol, an Attic silver
coin, worth about three cents. See
No. 59, and the account under SpaxM^?-
S8€, riSe, T65e, demon, pron., 101, 702
[6 + -86], this, thefolloioing. 159, 821.
686s, ov, i], 83, 741 [Lat. solum,
ground, Eng. ex-odus, meth-od], way,
road, Lat. uia; march, journey, expedi-
tion.
01, o'i, ol, see 6, 6's, ov,
olSa, 2 pf. with pres. force, 722, 793
[akin to €l8ov], knov), understand, have
knowledge of.
to«Ka-8«, adv., 349 [+-8e], home, home-
ward.
tolK^w, oIkM^, etc., 488, inhabit, dwell,
occupy, live; pass., be inhabited, be
situated.
tolKta, as, if, 40, house, dwelling.
e . . . those,
thout pre-
he, and in
r referring
g sentence,
an oblique
ised some-
liould omit
[ numerals,
eil also to
veil known
listributive
iTiwTri, per
where we
1. 810. r<i
iKeLvov, his
's; 6 j3ouX6-
cot, those at
n; ol vapa
Ti^, his men.
ittic silver
jents. See
der SpaxM^-
n., 101, 762
1. 159,821.
jat. solum,
h-od], way,
neij, expedi-
ce, 722, 793
rstand, have
home, home-
hahit, dxoell,
nhablted, be
welling.
OtKOl
fotKoi, adv., 573, at home.
oIkos, ov, 6 [Lat. ulcus, abode, vil-
lage, Kng. di-ocese, eco-nomy], house
regarded as a home.
olnoi, see oto/jiai.
olvos, ov, 6, 83, 741 [Lat. ulnum,
wine], loine; oXvos if>oivtKu,v, palm-ioine.
ol'ofiai or ol|ioi, oiif,ao,MaL, v^Svi', 488,
871, think, believe, expect.
olos, a, OP, of which kind, (such) as,
Lat. quaiis; olds re, able, possible.
oKo-w, see <p4pw.
ol'xonai, oix-fitxoixai, pres. with pf.
force, 722, have gone, be gone.
otwvds, ov, 6, 662, bird of omen, omen.
toKTd-Kis, adv., eight times.
toKTaKio-.xtXioi, a(, a [+ xtXioi], 8000.
toKTo-Kdo-ioi, at, a [+ iKardv], SOO.
oKTi!>, indecl. [Lat. octo, eight, Eng.
EIGHT, octa-gon], eight.
a€0pos, ov, 6, 141 [6'\\0|ii], des^rwc-
tion, loss.
o\£yos, ^, 0,., 188, 577 [olig-archy],
little, small, pi. few.
«XXv|ii ((5\), Ao), tJXeo-a and aJX6^,;^,
(iXtiXe^a and aXa,Xa, 713, 871, c^es^ro?/,
^056 ; mid., with 2d pf. act., perish.
Ji^os, 77, 0,/, 188 [Lat. solidus, whole,
Eng. cath-olic], lohole, entire.
33
OTT,
X(Si
W
AfittX^s, «?j, 429 [6^6s], even, level.
onaXos, 17, 6;/ [6n<is], even, level.
jonoXws, adv., in even line.
fifivvfii ((5^, dfxo), dfjiovfiac, u^oaa, d^ib-
fiOKa, dfxibixofiai. and 6fjnbtio<Tixai, ufi6er,i>
and ufxdcrerjv, 713, 871, sioear, ^a/fce an
oath.
t<i|Aoios, a, ou, like, similar. 864,
tono-XoY^w, 6/xoXo7^(rw, etc., 472 [+X6-
70s], aflrree, co7ifess, admit.
6(i6s, ^, 6;/ [&(Aa], one anrf </ie
|8n«s, adv., 382, aW the same, never-
theless, yet, still, however.
6'v, ov, see dfil, 6i.
i'vojAO, aros, t6, 389 [yiyvc&o-kw, Lat.
nomen, Eng. namk, an-onymous, syn-
onym], that by which one is known,
name.
ovos, ov, 6, 131 [Lat. asinus, ass,
Eng. ass], ass.
JiiTTi, rel. adv., where, wherever, in
whatever loay, Lat. qua.
6'irio-e€v, adv., 502, behind, in the
rear; rd b-madev, Tovwtadev, the rear.
856.
toirXCSft) (67rXi(5), wTrXtffa, uwXianai,
wTrXladTip, 396, ar?n, egwip. See Nos
30, 80.
AirXfrqs
34
bp^rrtt
otrXtTTjs, 01', 6, 102, heav!/-armcd
soldier, hoplite. 'i'ho lioavy infantry
of a (Jreek army, or hoplites, consli-
No. 81.
tilted the troops of the line, who fought
at short range, and were armed for
this purpose. Their defensive armor
consisted of four pieces, helmet (see
s.v. Kpdvos), breastplate (see s.v. 0u>pa^),
shield (see s.v. da-irls), and greaves (see
s.v. KVT}iJi,U). Their offensive armor
consisted of two spears (see s.v. ddpv)
and a sioord (see s.v. ^l<f>os). For the
hoplite's ordinary dress, when not in
action, see s.v. x^aMi^s. ISee Nos. 12,
34, 37, 62, 81.
SttXov, ov, t6, 83 [pan-op/y], imple-
ment, pi. gear, arms, armor; iv rols
6ir\oi.s, binder arms. See Nos. 14, 10,
20, 26, 37, (50, 03.
t6ir6Tav, rel. adv. [+ av], whenever,
when, with subjv.
AirdTc, rel. adv., 53"^, when, whenever,
since, because.
6irov, rel. adv., 422, xvhere, wherever,
Lat. ubi.
iiirws, rel. adv. and final particle, in
what way, hoio, that, in order that.
6pd(i> {6pa, Id, 6ir), 6ypop.ai, eldov, i6paKa
and iu>pdKa, idpdnai and wfifiai, u<pdr)v,
G15, 871 [a-WAKE, pan-orama ; Lat.
uideo, Eng. wit; spher-oid; Lat. oculus,
Eng. EYE, COLE, optic, syn-opsis], see
in its widest sense, behold, look, observe,
perceive, Lat. uideo. 628.
op-y^, Tjs, V, 409, temper, anger; 6pyv,
in a passion.
jop7(to|jiai (dpyiS), dpyiovfxai, etc., 472,
be angry, be in a passion. 860.
t^pOtos, a, ov, 131, straight up, steep.
6p96s, tJ, 6v [ortho-dox], straight,
direct.
iipKos, ov, 6, 116, oath.
opjidii), dp/x'^ao), etc., 276 [dpfii^, mo-
tion], set in motion, hasten; mid. and
pass., set out or forth, start.
6p\iia [Sp/Ms, anchorage], be moored,
lie at anchor.
fipvis, 6pvldo$, 6, 7], 266, 744 [ornitho-
logy], bird.
'Opdvras, d or ov, 6, 488, Orontas.
6pos, ovs, t6, 396, mountain.
topvKTds, ^, 6v, dug, artificial.
opvTTci) (opi'x), 6pi5|aj, upv^a, dpdpoxa,
opiipvyixai, uipixOtiv, 644, 871, dig, Lat.
fodio, quarry.
35
o/y], imple-
or; iv Toti
Nos. 14, 19,
, whenever^
t, whenever,
e, wherever,
particle, in
er that,
sldov, iSpaKa
fiat, uxpdi^v,
ama ; Lat.
Lat. oculus,
-ops is], see
'ok, observe,
nger; dpyri,
;t, etc., ATI,
860.
\ up, steep.
, straight,
[6/)/iiJ, mo-
; mid. and
he moored,
44 [ornitho-
Orontas.
lin.
Hal.
a, dpdpoxa^
1, dig, Lat.
*s, V, a, rel. pron., 518, 7'54, ivho,
lohtch, Lat. yui; 8l' d, xohy; iu <^', dur-
iny^ ivhich (time), vieanthne. 820-829.
iVos, -n, OP, rel. pron., <i(!4, how much
or great, how mamj, {as much or as
many) as, Lat. quanluH; ni-nt. as adv.,
aero,*, with nunu'rais, about; Sa^, with
comparatives, by how much, the.
«cr.Tis, v'ris, 8 ti, 518, 7(14 [«« + tIsJ,
u)Af>, ic/toeoer, whichever, whatever
which, what, used both as a relative
and to introduce an indirect (juestion.
«T€, rel. adv., 678, when, as, when-
ever.
«TSConj.,282[neut.of8o-Ttsj,M«^
6emM.se, .since; used also to strengthen
superlatives, as Stc dTapacTKevdraros, as
unprepared as possible.
ow, o«K, oix, neg. adv., 60, not, Lat.
non, used, to deny a fact, with the'
indic. and opt. in all independent sen-
tences; in indirect discourse after bn
and cJs; and in causal sentences-
accented at the end of a clause or
sentence. All of the compounds of
ov follow the usage of the simple
word.
ov, dat. of, personal pron., 439,769
of himself, Lat. sul. 817. ' '
oiSa^ds, 7), 6v lo<,U+d^bs, an obso-
lete word =t2j], none.
joiSo^oO, adv., 062, nowhere.
oi>-U, neg. conj. and adv., 327 [oO-|-
8^J, but not, and not, nor yet, nor, Lat.
neque, nee; as adv., not even, Lat. ne
... quidem, not at all, by no means.
not any, none, no, Lat. mdlus; nobody,
Lat. nemo; nothing, Lat. niAiZ.
ioiS^-woTf, adv., 488 [+ „oWj, ^^g^g^.
ira\.tLvll<a
-'04 [o4 + Jti], no
oCe', see owTf.
o6k-<ti, adv.
ovK-ovv, interr. particle and infer(>n-
tml cnj., 608 [oi + oCv], no/, then ^
not therefore'/ expecting an afJirniative
answer, Lat. nonnc igilnr; as conj.,
therefore, then, so, Lat. igitur, with no
neg. force.
oZv, post-positivc! inferential (rouj
stronger than dpa, 160, therefore, then]
accordingly, conseguently, now, so.
oi5-iroT€, adv., 627 foi + iroWJ, never.
oC-irw, adv., 4.']9 [0,1-1- w.61,no«//f./.
o6w<6.ffOT«, adv., 601 LoCttw + woWI
never yet.
oC-T«, neg. conj., 102 [o« + W], ant/
not, Lat. wevwe; oDrf . . . oCre, ne«7//er
. . . nor.
ovTos, avTT), TovTo, dcmou. pron., 101
702, this, pi. //,cse, fre,j. a.s pers. pron.'
he, she, it, pi. they, Lat. Azc. 169, 2; H2l!
joiToo-t,^ «'^'-'7^ TouTi, strengthened
form of OVTOS, this man here.
|oCt«s, before a consonant ovtw, adv.,
141, thus, HO, in that case.
o4.€(X« (6<f>e\), d<pec\^aw, ii<pfl\r,aa
and (Ii<f,€\op, w</>el\T,Ka, u<pu\^0r)p, (516,
B71, oMJc, Lat. dSbeo; pass., /^e rfwe.
o<(>eaXn6s, ov, 6, 062 [fi»|/o,iai], eye.
^\H Vi, V, 0;J8, height, bank, bluff.
6',)/o(iai, see 6pdu.
n
iraGeiv, see Trdo-xw.
Trdeos, ouv, TO [ird<rx«], experience,
trouble, ill-treatment.
•iraiav(!;« (^am^^iS), dTratdi-ttra [iraiAv,
paean], raise the paean.
iraiSfvb)
36
ir&t
tiraiScvu), waiSfAffu}^ e^c. ,578, train up
a rliidl, cdncdtc.
irais, 7rai56j, 6, 17, 4()!> [L;it. /JKcr, binj,
child, Kuif. ped-(i(iO(jne]i child, boy, <jirl,
son ; iK iraidojv, from boyhood.
ira((i>, Traltiw, ^irai(Ta, n^iraiKa, iwai-
ad-qv, V-\\, 871, strike, hit, beat, strih-e,
at.
irdXiv, adv., 141 [palim-pscst^, back,
again, a srcond time.
iroXxdv, ov, t6, 07.'}, spear, javelin.
Ildv, IIdi'6j, 6, Pan, a rural god of
Arca(iia, son of Ilermos, reprosonted
with goat's feet, horns, and sliaggy
hair. For masks of I'an, see No. 27.
iravTOios, a, ov [iras], of all sorts.
wAvu, adv., 131 [irds], very, altoycther,
wholly, very much.
irapd, prep, with gen., dat., and ace,
188 [para-, as para-graph, etc.], beside.
With gen., /rom beside, from the pres-
ence of, from ; with the pass., by. With
dat., beside, by the side of, beside, at or
on the side of, loith, at; irapa ^aaCKei,
at court; ra trap i/xol, my fortunes, my
side. With ace, to a position beside,
to the side of, unto, to, toivards, along
to, alongside, along, near, by, past,
sometimes even with verbs of rest ;
beside, beyond, against, contrary to,
in violation of; of time, during.
In composition wapd signifies along,
along by or past, alongside, by, beside,
beyond, aside, amiss.
irap-a-yY^Xw, 052, pass along an
order, give orders, pass the word, give
out, order; Kara tA irapr]yy€'\fx4va, ac-
cording fo orders.
irapa-^t-yvofiai, be by, be present or
at hand, arrive.
irapd8(i(ro$, ov, 6, 170 [paradise],
park.
irapa-8(8<t>p.i, 701, pass along to one,
give up, deliver over, surrender, pass
along.
irap-aiv^w, recommend, advise. "800.
irapa-KaX^w, 'M\, call to o/if's side,
summon, call to or forth, urge.
7rapa-K<Xcvo|iai, 41(>, urge along,
exhort, urge. 8(50.
irapa-p,'i]pC8ia, rd [/x-qpds, thigh],
thigh pieces, armor for the thighs.
irapao-dY-yT^s, ov, 6, 204, i)arasang, a
Persian road measure, eijual to about
M stadia.
tirapa-o-Kcvd^ii), 222, jnd things side
by side, get ready, prepare, procure;
mid., 2>repare or jnocure for oneself,
make ready, provide.
irapa-o-Kcviri, ^s, 17, 188 [(rKf.vi\], prepa-
ration, equipment.
iraptt-rdTTw, 044, draw up side by
side ; irapaTeTayixivoi, draivn up in
line.
irapa-T(Lvo), stretch out, extend.
irdp-ci,|ii {(Ifjii), 188, be near or by, be
at a place, be at hand or present, have
come; rk irap6vTa, the present circum-
stances.
irap-c\avv(*>, march by or past, ride
past, review.
irap-^PXO^ai, j^^^^'^* ^V or along.
irap-^X"* '^1^) ^^^^'^ near, afford, fur-
nish, render, make, cause, inspire.
Trdp-o8os, ov, i), 170 [686s], way by,
pass, p((.s.s(/r/e, act of j^assing.
Ilapvo-aTis, i5o9, i], Parysutis, mother
of Cyrus tlie Younger.
irds, Tracra, vav, 204, 752 [dia-pason,
pan-oply, panto-mime], all, Lat. omnis,
nso-Ci
wv
37
ir<p(
paradise],
ng to one,
ider, pass
vise. mo.
>/it''s side,
le.
ije along,
s, thiyh],
l(jhs.
tramtuj, a
;l to about
kings side
, procure;
>r oneself,
ti\], i)repa-
ip side by
m up in
lend.
r or by, be
isent, have
nt circuin-
past, ride
ong.
fford, fur-
'.spire.
, way by,
lis, motlier
dia-pason,
jat. omnis,
every, with a noun, connn. in the pn;-
dicatt! position, all, entire, the whole.
IIa<r((tfv, uvos, 6, I'asion.
irdo-x« i^aff, tt(pO), irelcro^ai, iiraOov,
^4no,0a, OK), 871 [ Lat. patior, bear,
satf'cr, Kuf,'. pathos. sy,n-pathy], expe-
rience, sulfer, Lat. patior; eO iraduv,
be well treated.
iroT^p, 7rarp69, 6, •J4i), 740 [Lai. pater,
father, Kng. vatukh], father.
Iirarp^os, d, or, ancestral, hereditary.
irovw, 7rai;(ra;, etc., 188 [Lnt. paucus,
few, lOng. KKw], cause to cease, end,
stop ; niitl., cause oneself to cease, cease,
stop, desi,st, give up, come to an end.
na<J)XaY«v, 6wj, 6, a Paphlagonian.
firthLov, ov, t6, 78, level ground, open
country, plain.
ir^8ov, ov, t6, ground.
tir€tfi, adv., mC), on foot, afoot.
ir«l69, ^, ij/, nor) [ffo^s], on foot;
^refis, 6, afoot soldier, pi. infantry.
X€£e« {ine), welcTU}, ^Treiaa, Tr^weiKa and
TT^TTot^a, TT^Treifffiai, (TreiadTjf, 178, 777
871 [J.at. fldo, trust], persuade, pre-
vail upon; mid. and pass., be prevailed
on, yield, obey. 8(50.
ircipo, ay, 17, experience.
jirtipdw, Treipdffu), etc., 808, try, prove,
conun. pass, dep., try, test, attempt,
endeavor. 845.
•n-ffo-onoi, see Trd^xu and Tref^w.
tn€\oirovv^<rios, a, ou, Peloponne-
' sian.
n€\o7r6vvii<ros, ov, tj, Peloponnesus.
tircXroo-T^S, ov, 6, 102, 740, peltast,
targefeer. See No. 10.
tireXrao-TiKdc. 7?, Sv. belonging to pel-
tasts; Tb ireXraaTiKdp {sc. (rrpdrevfia),
the peltast force.
iriKrr], 7;$, i,, 03, shield, target, small
and \i<rUi JUS compared with the shield
of the hoplite (.see s.v. dairU), that part
of the armor of the peltasts (se(^ s.v.
ireXraaTi^s) which distin<;nished them
from other light-armed troops. The
irarr, consisttid of a wooden frame
covered with leather, .sometimes it was
covered wholly or in part with bronze.
Generally it was crescent-shaped. See
Nos. 10, 18, 82,
No. 82.
ir^fAirw, TTff/i^a,, ^7^efJ.^Pa, 7r^7royu0a,
TTtfTreMMtti, iw4n<pdy)v, 50 [pomp\, send,
despatch, send word.
tircvTo-Koo-ioi, at, a [-|- €KOt6v], ,500.
ir^vT€, indecl., 188 [Lat. qulnque,
Kng. FiVK, penta-gon], five.
iirfVTt-KaL-BtKa, indecl., 478 [-f- kolI
+ SiKa],ffteen.
J.ir€VTViKovTo, indec]., fifty.
Wiroveo, etc., see irdaxw.
ire'irTwKtt, etc., see vivTw.
-Tr4p, intensive enclitic particle, very,
just, even.
Tre'pav, adv., 178, across, beyond. 850.
TTcpt, prep, with gen., dat., and ace,
235 [peri-, as in peri-patetic, peri-od.
irtpi^tY^^F^*'^^
38
iroUt*
etc.], round, on all sides, about. With
gen., chiefly in a derived sense, about,
with respect to, concerning, because of,
for, Lat. dc; expressing superiority,
more than, as in the phrases, wept irav-
rbi ToieiaOai, consider all- important,
irepl irXeltTTov woifiadai, consider ynost
important. With dat., of place, round,
about. With ace, of place, about, all
round, round; of persons, about, at-
tending on; of things, about; of time,
about; of relation, in respect to, to,
in one^s dealings with, Lat. de.
In composition nepl signifies round,
about, (remaining) over, or above (su-
periority).
ircpi-YCYvofiai, be superior to. 850.
n^po-T)s, ov, 6, 102 [Persian], a Persian.
^IIcpariKbs, ij, 6v, 124, Persian.
ir^Towos, ov, 6, petasus, a broad-
brimmed hat, resembling our wide-
awake. See Nos. 23, 02.
Tr^TOp.ai, TTT'ffaofxai, iTTTd/xifv [Lat.
penna, Eng. feathek],^?/.
••"TY^j V^i Vy 170, fountain, source.
irT)Sd(i), irrjSTfiffta, iir-^dTjaa, ireir'^drjKa,
leap.
•nt]X6s, ov, 6, 409, clay, mire, mud.
irfJxvs, ewy, 0, 478, 74S, forearm, cubit.
nt-ypTfs, rfTos, 6, Pigres.
iri^^w (irieS), irUffw, ivleaa, itrUaOrjv,
204, press hard, crowd; pass., be hard
pressed.
irC)Jiir\T)|ii (TrXa), Tr\ri<rw, firXyjaa, iri-
ir\r]Ka, irivXT^fiai and Tr^irXrjap.ai, iwX-fi-
adrjv, 707, 871 [Lat. impleo, fill up,
Eng. FILL, ¥vi.\j, plethora], fill. 848.
irtTTTW, TTctroOjUot, fireaov, -rr^vTUKa, 010,
871 [Lat. peto, seek, Eng. find], fall.
ni<r(8ai, wy, ol, the Pisidians.
tirioTTiiw, iriffTfvffu, 178, put faith in,
trust, rely on. 860.
tirto-Tis, ews, 17, faith, good faith,
pledge.
4irnrT<Ss, ■^, 6v, 131 [ir«(0«], faithful,
trustworthy; tticttoI, a title given to
Persian royal counsellors; iriard, rd,
pledges. 803.
irXaCaiov, ov, t6, 648, square, of
troops.
irX^Opov, ov, t6, 390, a plethrum, a
measure of 100 Greek feet.
ir\€i<rTos, irXcttoiv, 577, see ttoXiJs.
v\i<a (tXu), 7rXci)<rojuai and 7rXcu(roO/Liat,
t7rXeu(ra, tt^ttXcuko, ?r^7rXey(r/ioi, 701,871
[Lat. pluo, rain, Eng. flow], sail.
tirXfjOos, ous, t6, 629, fulness, extent,
number, multitude.
lirX^Oci) [•ir£p,'irXii|Jii], befidl.
irX^v, conj., 638, except, except that;
improper prep, with gen., except.
irX^pT)s, es, 429 [ir£|iirXTi|ii], full, full
of, abounding in. 855.
tirXT|<rid^(D (TrXijaiaS), irXrfffidao}, etc.,
382, approach, draw near. 864.
irX-no-tos, a, ov, 638, near; neut. as
adv., irXr]fflov. near, at hand, in attrib-
utive position, neighboring. 856.
tt\i\rriii (ttXtjt), ttXtjIw, 67rXr;^o,
7r^7rXr;7a, v^TrXrjyfxai, iirXijyriv and ^TrXd-
yrjp, 644, 871 [Lat. plango, strike, Eng.
apo-plexy], strike, hit, smite.
irXoiov, ov, rh, 83 [irX^w], vessel, boat.
See No. 7.
iroUo), TTOi-narw, etc., 282 [/ooef, pos/],
755, 782, do, make, produce, fashion,
effect, cause, accomplish, inflict; tD or
KaKu>s iroieiv, treat well or ill; iKKX-qaidv
TToieip, call or convoke a meeting. 839,
840.
faith in^
^d faith,
faithful,
given to
tffrci, rd,
ware, of
thrum, a
■oXus.
,701,871
, sail.
s, extent,
'efpt that;
ept.
full, full
icrw, etc.,
64.
neut. as
in attrib-
R56.
md iirXA-
ike, Eng.
}sei, 6oa<.
it, posy],
fashion,
ct; tD or
iKK\7}(Tidp
%g. «89,
iroiK(Xo$
troiKtXos, ri, ov, party-colored.
iroios, a, 01/, interr. pron., 366, of
what sort ? Lat. qualis. 822, 828.
tiroX«|i<«, iro\e/iiJ(rw, etc., 282, war,
maAre or carry on war, fight. 804.
tiroX«niK6s, t}, 6./, 648 [polemic], of or
for war, imrlike, skilled in war.
tiroX^Hios, o, ov, 94, belonging to xoar,
at war with, hostile; rd woUfjua, mili-
tary matters ; voX^fiioi, 6, an enemy in
Avar; ol iroX^fiioi, the enemy. 864.
ir6Xc)tos, ov, 6, 78, loar, warfare.
tiroXi-opK<«, TToXiopKijffu, .318 l + efpyu,
hem in], hem in a city, besiege.
ir6Xis, ews, ij, 478, 748 [acro-po/is],
city, state.
tiroXXdKis, adv., 276, many times,
often, frequently.
iroXvs, TToXXif, TToXi), 602, 677, 763
[po/y-. as in po/y -syllable, etc.], much,
many, Lat. multus, in great numbers,
great, large, long, strong; neut. as adv.,
ttoXj}, much, far; t6 iroXiJ, the greater
part ; iwl ttoXiJ, over a great extent.
;iroXw.T€X^s, ^i, 429 [+ t^Xoj, outlay],
requiring outlay, expensive.
iiroviia, wov^ffu, etc., 598, toil, labor,
undergo hardship,- earn by hard work.
ir6vos, ov, o, 698, toil, hardship.
tirop«{a, OS, 17, 561, journey, march.
tirojHwft), irope^ffw, 178, make go;
coram, pass, dep., go, proceed, advance,
march, journey.
tirop(ta» (TTopid), voptw, etc., ^1^, fur-
nish, provide, give; mid., get, obtain.
irdpos, ov, 6, means of passing, ford,
passage, way or means of doing, means, '
nrnrndinn
' -a-
w6«ros, ri, ov, interr. pron., 356, how
much f Lat. quantus. 822, 823.
89
irpo6d)i(rts
iroTa)i6s, ov, 6, 83 [hippo-potamus],
river.
iroW, indef. end. adv., 527, at some
time, once on a time, once, ever.
ir6Tfpos, d, ov, inteiT. pron., 591,
which of two? neut. as adv., in an
alternative question, ndrepov ...■!},
whether . . . or, Lat. utruin . . . an.
irov, interr. adv., 615, where?
irovs, TToSSi, 6, 527 [Lat. pes, Eng.
FOOT, tri-pod], foot.
irpa-yjia, arot, t6, 318 [irpdrTw], deed,
thing, matter, affair, event, circum-
stance, difficulty; pi., affairs, trouble.
irpirTft) (wpay), vpd^w, ^vpi^a,
TT^rpdya and irivpaxa, iriirpayixai,
iTTpdxevp, 308, 871 [practice], do, act,
accomplish; intr., do, fare.
irp«^«s, adv. [xp^os, mild, tame],
lightly.
irptv, conj., 472 [-irp«S], before, until.
irp6, prep, with gen., 235 [Lat.
pro, before, Eng. for, fore], of place,
before, in front of, faring, hence, in
defence of, for the sake of, for, in pref-
erence to ; of time, before.
In composition irpb signifies before,
forth, forward, in public, in behalf of.
irpo-pdXXd), throw before ; mid. , rpo-
PdXXeaffai rd 6irXa, present anus.
■irpo-8iopa£v«, 722, cross first.
irpo-8£8«ni, 701, give over, surrender,
betray, abandon.
irp«S-€ini (el fit), 729, go forward, ad-
vance, proceed, come on.
irpo-tXaivu, intr., 722, ride forward,
march on before, push on.
irpd-aujios, OP, 472 [evjjidsj, ready,
eager.
jirpo-ev|i«s, adv., 698, eagerly.
irpotT))ii
40
wOp
irpo-tT)jii, 7.34, send forth; mid., yivc
oneself up, entrust, surrender, abandon.
7po-|i{T<i)ir(8ioV| ov, t6 [fi^Twvov, fore-
head], frontlet, of liofHes. See So. 8.'J.
nil
No. 83.
np6|€vos, ov, 6, 212, Prozenus.
irpo-opdw, .see in front.
irp6s, i)rep. with gen., dat., and ace,
116, confronting, at, by. With gen.,
over against, towards ; in swearing, by ;
with the pass., by, from ; with adjec-
tives, in the sight of; expressing what
is characteristic, pertaining to, like.
With dat., near, at, besides, in addi-
tion to. With ace, to, toxoards, against,
before, at, according to, with respect
to, about; rpb^ (piXldv, in a friendly
manner.
In composition 7rp6s signifies to,
towards, against, besides, in addi-
tion to.
irpoo--aiT^ca, ask in addition.
'npo(r-<\avv<tf, 430, ride towards or
up.
irpo<r-^PXO|iiai, 015, come on or up,
approach, advance^ 8(15.
irpo<r-^K(i>, 472, be come to, be related
to. HHO.
irp6<r-0€v, adv., 488 [irp6«], before,
preoioualy, sooner ; in attributive posi-
tion, prenious.
irpoor-KwitUfTrpoff KVvi/iau},Trpoff-eKivr)<ra,
5.'57 [kvv4u, kisa], make obeisance to,
salute.
irpoo--\a(iipdvb>, take to oneself.
irpo(r-iro\c|ji^<i), war against.
irposr-rdTTw, 537, assign or appoint ;
pa.ss. impersonal irpoff-erdxOV} orders
had been given.
irpo-o-TcpvlSiov, ov, t6 [o-r^pvov], breast-
plate, of horses. See under No. 83.
irpdTcpos, o, ov [trp6], former, pre-
vious; neut. nH nilv., formerly.
irpo-Ti|id(i), 45)0, honor more.
irpo-Tp^Xo), <)10, run forward.
irpo-({>a(v<i>, show forth; mid., come
in sight, appear.
irpwTos, Vi Of, 235 [irpd], first, fore-
most; neut. as adv., irpwrov, at first,
first.
iTT^pvl, vyoi, rj [ir^TO|Aai], wing of a
bird, flap of a cuirass.
ITvOa-ydpas, ov, 6, Pythagoras.
IlvXai, wv, al, Pylae.
irvXt], 7]s, 71, 60, gate, pi. gate, pass.
irvv6dvo|xai {trvd), ireijffofjiai, iirvddfjirjv,
iriirvffixai, 610, 871, inquire, ask, learn
by inquiry, learn, ascertain, find out.
028.
iriip, TTvpds, t6, 038 [fire, pyre], fire;
pi., irvpd, rd, beacons.
n.
} wards or
on or up,
be related
i], before,
utive posi-
Usance to,
self.
' appoint ;
9r}, orders
ov], breast-
No. 83.
'mer, pre-
ly.
e.
rd.
lid., come
first, fore-
V, at first,
wing of a
ras.
ite, pass.
ask, learn
find out.
tyre], fire;
ir«S, indef. oncl. adv., 722, yet, up
to this time.
ir«X<w, TTwXiJffw [innnn-po/y], sell.
iTMs, intcrr. adv., :i8\), how f
irw«, indef. end. adv., 004, in any
way, somehow, at all.
^^Sios, d, ov, bll, 678, easy.
\h^L*a%, adv., mb, easily, readily.
fiiu {f,v), fxvaoixai, ippOrjKa, ^ppljrjp, 728,
871 [cata-rrh, rheum], fiow.
^^T«p, opos, 6, ;34i),745 [<p«], speaker,
orator.
ftiirrvi (pl<p,f,i(p), Itt^pu, Uppiyl/a, fppi<pa,
^pplp.p.ai, ippt(pdr)p and ippl(pi)v, 678, 871,
throw, hurl, cast aside.
<rdXiri"y|, 770?, 17, trumpet.
lo-oXirf^ft) {(raXwiyy), ^adXtriy^a, 729,
blow the trumpet; infi ^adXny^e {sc. 6
ffaXiriKT^s), when the trumpet sounded
the charge.
|o-a\iriKT^s, ov, 6, trumpeter. See
No. 56.
Sdp.ios, o, ov, Samian,
2dp8€is, fwv, ai, 478, Sardis.
t<roTpair€ww, rule as satrap, rule.
847.
<raTpdTrT]s, ov, 6, 124, satrap, viceroy.
Sdrvpos, ov, 6, the satyr Silenus.
See No. 10.
ers-ovTov, ^j, contr. aavroO, ^s, refl.
pron., 449, 700 [o-^+airds], of yourself.
HID.
(ri<r<a\Lai, see <Tcpi;'u.
o-ffiia, aroy, t6, sign.
41
0"Kt)irTo{)xot
joTinofvw ((ri;/uo^), ffyjfiavw, iffiipn^va,
<rf<7iflHa<Tfiai, iarjfidverjv, iUlH, show by a
sign, git^e the signal, make known.
£iXSv6$, ov, 6, Sildnus.
a-iros, ov, 6, :W> [iiara-site], grain,
corn, food, supplies.
OTK^iTTOnoi {aKfv), <TKi\potiai, iaK€\pd-
Mfi ^CTKefifMai, 4119 [sceptic], spy, npy
out, view, find out, observe carefully,
deliberate, .nee to it.
t<rK«v^, ^s, ij, equipment, dress.
oTKivos, ovs, t6, year, utensils, pi.
baggage.
}<rK«vo-<f>op<w, <TKevo(popT^(TU}, 678, carry
baggage.
|(rK€vo-4)6pos, ov, 648 [+ ^ipu],
baggage-carrying ; (TK(vo<p6pa, rd, pack-
animals, the baggage-train, the baggage.
to-KTjv^w, (TK-nvriffu, ia-KT^vrjaa, 602, be
in camp, aor. go into camp, encamp.
orKT]vVj, ^y, i), 46, 739 [scene], tent.
See No. ;}.
o-KTiirToOxos, ov, 6 [ffK-fjTTTpov, sccptre,
+ €x«], sceptre-bearer, a lii^^h officer
at the Persian court. See No. 84.
I
No. 84.
I
1'
.1
<r6% 42
<r6«, <r7}, a6v, 448, 449 [a-<>, Lat. <MW.s,
<A2/, Eng. THINK, tiiv], thy, thine, your.
2o<(>a(vcTos, ou, 6, Sophaenetus.
(Tirdu, fo-Tracra, eatraKa, icriraafxai,
iffirdffdyiv, 835, 871 {Lat. spatium, space,
Eng. si'ACK, spasm], draio.
a-irdpu {(Tirep), <nrepw, eo-Trei/oo, f<nrap-
p.ai, ioirdprjv, 662, 871 [simjhn, spora-
dic], sow, scatter, disperse.
0"ircv8ci>, <r7rei5o-w, fffirevoa, 400, ?^r</e,
hasten, be urgent.
erwovS^, Tji, i), 150 [o-tt^j'Sw, offer a
libation, Eng. spondee], libation, pi.
<ruce.
o"irou8^, ^s, i) [(riTtvZa], haste, hurry.
o-rdSiov, ov, rd, pi. (rrdSm, ol, and
o-rdSia, rd, 518, extended space, stadium,
stade, as a measure of distance 600
Greek feet.
(rTa6(i,6s, ov, 6, 188 [l'<rTn|iv], stopping-
place, station, stage, day''s march.
tcrT^Yao-|io, otoj, t6, covering.
o-riyi], 1]$, i] [ar^u, cover, Lat. tego,
cover, Eng. thatch], roof, house.
a-rlKXa ((ttcX), arreXQ^ ^areiXa, IcrraX-
Ka, ^araXfiai, ivrdXr^v, 629, 778, 780,
871. put in order, equip, send.
cTTcvis, ij, t>v, 63 [steno-graphy], nar-
', wj, strait ; arevSv, ov, t6, defile, pass.
<rrtpio>, arepi/iffw, etc., 2 fut. pass.,
arep-fivoixai, 382, deprive, rob; pres.
pass., ar^pofiai, have lost, be without.
848.
a-ripvov, ov, t6, breast.
a-ri^avos, ov, 6, 701 [<rT4<pu, put
round], crown, wreath, chaplet. See
No. 51.
vTl^oSf ovs, t6, mass, throng.
o-TdXos, ov, 6, 264 [<rW\Xw], equip-
ment, armed force, expedition.
<rv)iPovX(il«»
(rr6|ia, aroj, t6, 255, mouth, van.
to-Tpdrcvjio, OTOJ, r6, 255, army,
troops, host, force, division, contingent.
t<rTpoT€w«, (TTpareiffu, 116, make an
expedition, make war ; mid. dep.^ take
the field, take part in an expedition.
toTpar-tj'Y^ci*, ar par rjyT^ffu, 518, be
general, lead, command. 847.
t<rTpaT-T)"y<Js, ov, 6, 83 [+&y«], gen-
eral, commander.
to-Tparii, as, ij, 40, 739, army^ troops,
host.
tcrTpaTi«TT|s, ov, 6, 102, 740, soldier,
pi. troops.
toTpaTo-ircScvu, 508, encamp; comm.
mid. dep. , encamp, go into camp.
to-Tpard-ireSov, ov, t6, 472 [+ir^8ov],
camp-ground, encampment.
(TTpoTds, ov, 6, an encamped army,
army, force.
ttTTpcirrds, ov, 6, 292, necklace, collar,
worn by Persians. See Nos. 21, 58.
a-rpi^a, arpiypw, ^arperpa, $<rTpo(pa,
e(TTpafip.ai, iar pd<f)yfv and iaTpi<l>eriv, 578,
871 [strophe, ajw-strophe], turn, twist;
intr., and in pass., turn or face about.
o-rpovOds, ov, ij [o-stn'c/i], sparrow;
arpovebs i] fieydXrj or ij 'Apafila, the
ostrich. See No. 28.
<rv, crov, pers. proii., 439, 759 [Lat. tu,
Eng. thou], thou, you. 435, 816.
a~uy-Ka\iia, 327, call together, suin-^
mon.
Sv^vvco-is, toy, 6, Syennesis.
o-v\-\ap,pdvcD, seize, arrest.
a-v\-\{yu, 561, collect, gather, bring
together ; pass. , come together, assemble.
t<ru)ji.-povXcv(tt, 178, plan with, advise,
counsel, gioe advice; mid., consult with,
deliberate.
uth, van.
255, army,
, contingent.
6, make an
I. dep.j take
pedition.
y, 518, be
i47.
vny, troops,
40, soldier,
np; comm.
camp.
[+ir^8ov],
tped army,
lace, collar,
3. 21, 58.
>i<p0r}v, 578,
face about.
, sparrow;
fa^la, the
)9 [Lat. <M,
[>, 816.
!.
', assemble.
Ith, advise,
nsult with,
^fjiPovXot
<ril|i-povXos, ou, 6 [povX^], ativiser.
tcrvfA-naxta, aj, ^, 722, alliance.
<rv,i.,ioxos, Of, 78 [ftdxTi], i/i alliance
with; aififxaxoi, ov, 6, ally.
«rvn-ir<nw«, 160, send with.
(rv\k-iropt{io\ikai, 341, accompany.
<rv|i-irpiTTa), help in doing, co-operate.
<rvv, prep, with dat., 102 [Lat. cum,
with], with, in company with, along with,
together with, on the side of, with the
help or aid of, by the favor of
In composition aiv signifies with,
along with, together, jointly, at the
same time, entirely, at once.
oniv-A-yw, 202, bring or get together,
call, collect.
OT>v-avTd», crvv-^vTrjffa [dvrt], meet
ivith, meet. 864.
<rvv-AirT(D, join with.
<n>v.€K-Pipdt«, help extricate.
trvv-vm-o-'irt'uBo), help hurry on.
«ri}v-eTj|ia, aroj, t6 [o-vv-tWtiixi], thing
agreed on, watchword.
o-i)v-oi8a, 722, share in knowledge,
be conscious. 628.
«n»v.TdTT«, 222, set in order together,
draw up in battle array; mid., fall
into battle-line, take one's position.
«rwv.TC0r)ni, 695, put together; mid.,
make an agreement, contract.
tSvpCa, dy, i}, Syria.
Svpos, ov, 6, a Syrian.
orv-orirdw, draw or sew together.
«rv-<rTpoT€wo|Aai, 178, take the field
with, join an expedition.
<r4>d\X(i> (<r0a\), atpaXQ), e<r<p7)\a,
f<r</)a\fiai, iffipdXrjv [Lat. fallCh trip,
Eng. fall], trip up, make fall; pass.,
fail, meet with a mischance.
c+iis, see ov.
48
rd^is
<nj>ev8<Svt), rjs, i,, 45, sling, Lat. /wnda.
|o-4.€v8ov^Ttis, ov, 6, 356, slinger. See
No. 24.
<r<j)f<ri, see ov.
<r«|>d8pa, adv., 652 [<T<po^p6<i, violent],
exceedingly, excessively.
<rx«8£o, OS, i}, 422, raft, float. See
No. 31.
o'X^tw {(TX^S), ^(Txtcra, iffxiae-qv, 439
[Lat. scindo, split, Eng. schism], split.
t<rxo\oC«s, adv., 449, slowly; neut.
comp. as adv., a-xoXairepov, more
slowly.
o-xoX^, rjs, ■}}, 335 [J{x»], a holding
up, leisure; erxoXfj, slowly.
a-i^l<a {a-u, ffwd), a-Jxru, eawaa, aiawKa,
<T^<rwfiai and ffiauiafiai, iaibdt^v, 382, 871
[<r«os], save, rescue, preserve, keep
safe; mid. and pass., save oneself, be
saved alive, escape, return or arrive
safely.
SwKpdTTjs, ovi, 6, 396, Socrates.
<r«na, oToj, t6, 382, body, life, person.
o-wos, a, ov or o-«s, (TO., <tQv [Lat.
sanus, sound], safe and sound, alive,
saved from danger.
|.o-«T^p, ^pos, 6, 518, savior.
|<r«Tiip(a, as, ri, 652, safety, deliver-
ance, rescue from danger.
t<r«-<J)poo-vvti,7;s, rj, 664, self-control.
<r«-<j>pa)v, ov, gen. ows [o-wos + tpp'^v,
mind], of sound mind, discreet.
rdXavTov, ov, r6, a talent, worth 60
minas, or about -flOSO.OO. See under
^pax/J,'^.
rdgis, cws, 7), 478 [Tdrrw], arrange-
ment, esp. of troops, order, rank, array,
line of battle, division.
rapdrrw
44
rl^btpioi
rap&rra (Ta/)ax)i rapA^w, irdpa^a,
Tfrdpayfxai, irapax^V^i ^^^-j trouble,
disturb.
jTdpaxos, ov, 6, confusion, tumult.
Top<ro£, wr, ol, Tarsus.
TaTTW (ray), rd^d), era^a, Tiraxa,
T^rayixai, iraxOrju, 222 [tactics, taxi-
dcrmij, si/n-tax], arrange, assign, order,
osp. of troops, draw up, marshal ; mid.
and pass., take one's post, be sta-
tioned.
TavTd, by crasis for rb avrb.
Td4>pos, ov, ri, 502 [0dirT«], ditch,
trench.
trdxa, adv., 380, quickly, forthwith;
in apodosis with &v, perhaps.
trax^ws, adv., 472, quickly, soon.
Tttxvs, eta, i;, 548, quick, sioift, Lat.
cclcr ; dia Taxi<^v, with speed; neut.
as adv., raxi^, sioiftly, soon; comp.
doLTTov, more quickly ; sup. Tdxtcra,
with 6ti or ws, as quickly as possible,
with all possible speed.
Ti, end. copulntive conj., IGl, and,
corresponding to Kai much as Lat. -que
to et ; re . . . Kai or re Kal, both . . .
and.
TcOvdvai, W6vT]Ka, see Ov^o-kw.
Ttlvat {t€v), revQ, ^reiva, T^raKa,
T^rafxai, irddrju, 629 [Lat. tendo, stretch,
Eng. Tiiix, DANCE, tone], stretch, exert
oneself, hasten, push on.
Tiixos, ovs, t6, 396 [dike, ditch,
dig], toall, rampart, fort.
treXtvTaiog, a, ov, 573, last, at the
rear ; oi TeXevraioi, the rear guard.
tTiXtvrdo), reXeuTiJcrw, 548, end, finish,
end QP.c^s life-, die.
ItcXcvt^, ■^y, V, 648, end, death.
tTlX^w, T^w, ir^Xeffa, TerAe/ca, rer^-
\eaiiai, ireX^aOrjp, 578, 871, complete,
finish, fulfil an obligation, pay.
riXos, ovs, t6, 548 [Lat. terminus,
end, Eng. talisman], fulfilment, end,
result; ace. as adv., tAoj, at last,
finally. 835.
T^|iv<i) {rcfi), refjiw, (refxov and fra/xov,
T^T/xriKa, T^TfXTjfjLai, iTfXT^drjv, 615, 871
[Lat. temnd, slight, 'cm^' Eng. a-tom],
cut.
tWrapTos, Tj, ov, 616, fourth.
trtTTopdKovTa, indecl., 57S, forty.
rhrapts, a, 518, 757 [Lat. quattuor,
Eng. KoiK, tetra-gon, tetr-archy],four.
W|K« (raK), Trj^u), ^rij^a, t^tt/jku,
iTdK7]v and iTiix6r)v, 638, 871 [Lat. iaftes,
decay, Eng. thaw], weii; intr., </iaio,
t(Ot)|xi (^e), 6-f]<TU, edi)Ka, rideiKa,
fideiixaL, iTid-qv, 695, 784, 788, 871 [Lat.
facio, make, do, fid, be done, become,
-do in compounds such as credo, put
faith in, Eng. do, deem, doom, king-
DOM, thesis, theme, treasure], put, set,
place, institute; Biadai rk ^TrXa, order
arms, ground arms, get under arms;
/card x^P^^ ^Oevro rd ^TrXa, moved back
to quarters.
trifidw, T'lu-fjffu), etc., 275, 765, 781,
value, esteem, honor.
rl^i\, ^s, ri, 374 [timo-cracy], value,
xoorth, price, honor, esteem.
jxtjiios, a, ov, 374, precious, valued,
honored, in honor, worthy.
jTifi-wp^ci), Tificop-ria-w, etc., 389 [rlfi-
wpbs, watching over honor, from rl\i.-f]
+ the root which appears in opdu] ,
avenge; mid., aoenge oneself on, take
vengeance on, punish; pass., be pun-
ished, tortured.
complete^
terminus,
cut, end,
at last,
d €TafJLOV,
G15, 871
J. a-tom],
forty.
quattuor,
hy],four.
T^TTJKa,
Lat. tabes,
tr., thaw,
ridcLKa,
871 [Lat.
:, become,
redo, j)ut
OM, king-
, put, set,
\a, order
er arms;
oved back
755, 781,
/], value,
?, valued,
389 [Tifi-
rom rl\i.i\
ill opdu],
' on, take
, be pun-
t(s, tI, gen. tIvos, interr. pron., 350,
703, who? tvhich? what? Lat. quis;
neut. ace. as adv., tI, why? 822.
tIs, tI, gen. rtj/65, end. indef. pron.,
350, 703, a, an, any, some, a sort of, a
certain, Lat. quis; subst., somebody,
anybody, something, anything, pi. some.
Tio-(ra(|>c'pvT]s, ous, 6, ace. Ti(Taa<f)4p-
vr}v, 39(5, Tissaphernes.
TiTptoo-Kw (t/)o), T/)ti(rw, ^Tpwau, t4-
Tpufiai, iTpibd-qv, 004, wound.
ToidaSc, ToidSe, Tot6;'5e, demon, pron.,
such, such as follows; ^Xe^e roidBe, spoke
as follows or in the following terms.
T6X|ia, 7;y, 7] [Lat. /oZero, endure,
Eng. a-tlas], courage to endure.
jToXjiAw, ToXfi'jaw, etc., 422, /iaue i/ie
courage, venture, risk, dare.
tT6|ev|ia, arcs, t6, arrow. See Nos.
4, 14.
tTo|«<iw, ^T6fewo, Teri^eu^ai, ho^cidtjv,
150, u«e one's 6om;, shoot. See No. 85.
TpiSK6(rioi
rocovTOS, ToaavTTj, ToaovTov, dein.
pron., 0(i4, so much, so many; with
comparatives, to<to(it(^, by so much,
the; neut. ace. as adv., toctovtov, so
much, so far.
t6t«, adv., 94, at that time, then.
Tpd-TTfta, 77$, ri, 63 [Wrrapcs + irovs,
cf. ir€t6s], table, prop, with four legs.
See No. 4.
TpdxTiXos, 01/, 6, neck, throat.
Tp«is, rpLa, 518, 757 [Lat. tres, Eng.
THUKi;, tri-pod], three.
rpiiru, Tpi\pu}, trpexpa and (rpanop,
TiTpotpa, T^TpafjLixai, irpam^v and ^Tp(^-
(pdt^v, 402, 871, iitni, tiireci, divert, rout ;
mid., iwrn oneself, turn aside, look,
face.
rpi^a, Opixpw, f0pe\l/a, T^dpafifxai, irpi.-
(pr}v and idp^(f>0riv, 501, 871, nourish,
supiwrt, maintain; pass., be supported,
subsist.
xp^XO) {rpex, Spa/x), 8pap.ovp.ai, Upa-
No. 85.
■.-\v>\
Tdgov, Qi/, T<i», 83 [in-toxic-ate, toxico-
logy], bow. See Nos. 13, 14, 35, 45, 48,
57,09.-, .^ ;,^,
^Togdriis, ov, 6, 102, bowman.
T<iiros, ov, 6, 429 [tovic], place, region.
pov, SedpdprjKa, Sfdpdprjpai, 010, 871
[cf. 8i8p^(rK<i>], run.
rpioKovra, iiidecl., 212 [rpti^], thirty.
Tpia-K6<rioi, at, a, 102 [xpcis + tKaTdv],
rpt^w
46
iir6|AVT)|ia
tpt^ia, Tptypw, frpiyf/a, r^rpKpa, rdrplfi-
fiai, irplfirjv and iTpt<f>er)P, 578, 871, rub.
Tpi-^PHS, ovs, i], 300, 747 [rptls+ipia-
<rw, row], war-vessel, trireme, galley,
with three banks of oars on each side
of the vessel. For the position of tlie
rowers, see No. 86.
No. 86.
Tpi<r-Ka(-ScKa or Tp€i<r-Ka(-8«Ka, in-
decl. [Tp€is4-KaC + 8^Ka], thirteen.
Tpi<r-xt\ioi, ai, a [rptli + X*^«'0«']>
sooo.
TptTos, »?, ov, 518 [Tptis], third; adv.,
rb Tplrov, the third time.
TpoiHj, ^y, t), 673 [Tp^irw], rout,
defeat.
Tv-yxAv*) (tux), re^^oixai, fTvxov, t€t«5-
XVKa and T^Tevxa, 604, 871, hit, attain,
get, obtain, happen, chance. 845.
Tvpiaiov, ov, rb, Tyriaeum.
Tip, see Tis.
iiSwp, aroj, rb, 502 [Lat. unda, wave,
Eng. WATER, WET, h/dro-], water.
vl<Js, ov, 0, 124 [son], son.
vfM's, see <riJ.
jv|i^T€pos, o, ov, 448, 449, T/our.
-.•n-«yw, tctttx ci/tUCT, inil. , iCad OH OT
advance slowly; mid., draw on, suggest
craj'tily.
iiir-apxos, ov, b [opx«], lieutenant.
vv4p, prep, witli gen. and ace, 236
[Lat. super, over, Eng. ovek, hyper-],
over. With gen., over, above, beyond,
for, in behalf of, for the sake of, in
defence of, instead of. With ace, over,
above, more than.
In composition vn-^p signifies over,
above, beyond, exceedingly, for, in
behalf of.
vwcp-PoX^, iji, Tj [pdXXw], act of
crossing, crossing, mountain pass.
vir-icrxtro, etc. , see vviaxv^ofMi.
vir-^Koos, OP [vir6+ oKoilw], listen-
ing to, obedient. 803.
vir-io-xv^O|iai, viro-(Txi^<rofiai, iiir-eax^
Hrjv, VTT-^ffxvfiat, 627, 871 [lx«], hold
oneself under, promise.
vir6, pr^p. with gen., dat., and ace,
204 [Lat. sub, under], under. With
gen., under, from under, frequently of
agency, by, through, from, at the hands
of, by reason of. With dat., under,
beneath, at the foot of, under the power
of. With ace, under, down under.
In composition inrb signifies under,
often with an idea of secrecy or craft
{cf Eng. underhand), or has diminu-
tive force, rather, somewhat, or it
denotes subordination or inferiority.
{iiro-8^X<>H-<^''> "receive under one's pro-
tection, welcome.
viro-tvYiov, ov, rb, 222 [^ybv, yoke,
Lat. iugum, Eng. yoke], beast of
burden ; pi. baggage animals.
viro-Xctiro), 644, leave behind.
viro-Xv«, 527, loose beneath, take off
one''s shoes.
vir6-|Avi|)ta, otos, rb [(Ai|fcvt|crK«)],
memorial, reminder.
VtrOlTTtVW
47
((>id\t)
leutenant.
(1 ace, 235
:u, hyper-],
ue, beyond,
sake of, in
I ace. , over,
nlfies over,
/, for, in
a], act of
ipass.
viofiai.
>«], listen-
i\'j>}, hold
, and ace,
er. With
quently of
5 the hands
it., under,
' the power
I under.
Res under,
y or craft
js diminu-
\at, or it
'eriority.
one's pro-
)y6v, yoke,
beast of
id.
h, take off
i|ivx|(rK«)],
iir-OTTTtiw, vir-oTTTa'xTco, 728 [vjr-oTrro'!,
Viewed with SHspidnn, rf 6'4/onaiJ,'
siifipcct, apprehend, surmise.
VTT-o^rto, dy, ^ [f/. iw.oirT€Vw], mspi-
cion, apprehension; vno^ld ^arl, with
(lilt, of person, be apprehensive.
lio-Tcpaios, d, ov, 07.'], later, followimj ;
TV mrepaiq. {sc. ii,j.ipc^), ike following
da>/, next da;/.
IvcrrtpU, WTip-qcra, var^priKa, be later,
come too late for. 850.
Wt€pos, d, Of, 204 [oirr, irrricit],
later; neut. as adv., mrepou, later,
afterwards.
4>a£v« (^a./), 0arw, r07;m, 7r^0a7K-a
and 7r^077,/a, iT^(f>a(TfiaL, ^(pdvdrjv and
«?0c£^77,., r,<)I, 771, 772, 770, 871 [phe-
nomenon, dia-phanous, phantastic],
brincjto light, make appear, show; juid.
and pass, and 2 pf., show onesdf be
shown, be seen, appear, turn out.
«j)a\aY|, 770 J, v, 245, 74:5 [phalanx],
line of battle, phalanx; Kara 4>d\ayya,
in line of battle.
+av€p6s, d, bv, 8:5 [^jaivw], in plain
sight, visible, manifest, open; 4v tQ
(pap€p(^, <>2)enl!/, pubUdy.
tpop^Tpa, as, ij, quiver. See Nos. 11
14, 87.
^ 4>^p« (0ep, oi, ivcK), oUffu, ijueyKu and
Y^yKou, ivif^uoxa, iv/,,eyp.ai, v^^xOv,
"2J), 871 [Liii.fero, bear, fors, chance,
fur, thief lluvr, jjKAK, lUIUDKX,
i«n;i{, itiurn, meta-phor, phos-phorus],
bear, bring, carry, produce, receive,
endure; pass., be borne, carry, rush;
XaXeTTws <p4pui>, take it ill, be troubled.
f^xvyu (^vy), ^xO^ofiai and ^ev^ov^ai,
Hvyou, irhp^vya, 327, 871 [L^i. fugio,
fee, Kn- HOW {bend), now (tlio weap-
on), ii.„r, mx-om],Jhe, takefight, run
away, retreat, jly, L:xt. f agio jlee from.,
run away from, jtcc from one's counts/,
be an ccile, be banished; oi <f,e&yofT(s,
the exiles.
No. 87
c|)Tint, 0^(rw, r^T/o-a, 472, 704 [Lat.
farl, say, f (Una, report, Eng. iun, jn-o-
phet, phase], say, declare, state; '^<pr,,
said yes; o{,k k'tprj, said no, in answers;
ov (prifxi, say no, refuse, deny.
<j>0dv« {<pea), <pOi/iaofjLai and </,0d(rio,
Hey)v and '4,peaaa, (585, 871, get the
start of, anticipate, outstrip.
4>e^Y70,iai, (pe^y^ofxai, etc., inifl.dep.,
make a Sf)nnd, shout, sound.
(j)0€£p« (cpdep), rf^depQ,, ^^peeipa, ^>eapKa,
HOapfiai, i<pddpr,v, 020, 871, destroy, lay
waste, corrupt.
.jjidXri, t;v, i, [phial, vial], drinking
Clip; it was round and shallow like a
lurge saucer, but deeper, made of
<)>iX^(a
48
XaXiv6s
earthenware or of bronze, gold, or
silver. See No. 88.
No. 88.
t<j)iX^a), 0tXi5(rw, 282, love, of the love
of family and friends.
t<{>iX(a, ds, 7), 488, affection, friend-
ship.
t<}>iXios, a, ov, 131, friendly, amicable,
at peace, used esp. of countries. 803.
({>(Xos, 77, 01', 141 [phU-anthropy,
phi/tre], friendly, dear, dear to, loved
by, attached to, kindly disposed, comp.
(piXalrepos or 0/\re/3os ; <p[\os, 6, friend,
adherent. 803.
t<J)Xuap^a), cpXvdpi^crw, 064, talk bosh.
\^\vapia, aj, i), 729, nonsense, pi.
b'jsh.
<}>Xvapos, ov, 6, nonsense.
t<j?op€p6s, A, 6v, 45, fearful, terrible,
formidable.
t4>op€(tf, (po^T^aw, i(p6^y](Ta, frighten,
terrify, 335, of unreasoning fear ;
comni. pass, dep., be frightened, be
terrified, fear, dread, be afraid.
i)>6pios, ov, 6, 110 [hydro-phobia],
/ear, dread, terror, fright.
\^oivtKr]y 77s, 17, Phoenicia.
t<|>oiviKi(rT'<isi ov, 6, wearer of the pur-
ple, a title of rank at the Persian
court.
^oivi§, Ikos, 6, a Phoenician.
(t>oivi|, Ikos, 6, 429, palm, date-
palm. See No. 45.
<{>pdt(i> (0pa5), (ppda-w, etc.
[phrase], say, tell.
t<t>povp-opxos,ou,6, 150[+opx«],
commander of a garrison.
<|>poup6$, ov, 6 [irpd + opdo)],
watcher, guard.
Opvy'S, as, 7], 188, Phrygia.
^^v^iojiy dSos, 6, 341 [<})€W'yw],
fugitive, exile, refugee.
j.<j>vYi^, Tjs, 7], 4()2 [^tvya], flight, rout.
t(f>vXaKi^, r]s, 7), 50, a watching, watch,
picket duty, garrison.
t<|)iiXa|, a/cos, 6, 245, 743, a xoatcher,
guard, outpost; pi. body-guard.
<j)vXdTT« (^uXa/c), (pvXd^oj, i<f)}j\a^a,
7re0i^Xaxa, TrecpiXayfiaL, icpv'KdxdTjv, 222,
stonci guard, guard, watch, defend ;
mid., fee on one's guard, watch oat
against, Lat. caueo; ^uXaxas (pvMr-
T€iv, stand guard.
tX«iXeira(v« (xctXeTrai'), xaXeTrai'w, ^xo-
X^TTTjva, ixaXeTrdvdriv, 598, &e angry, be
severe, be offended or provoked. 800.
XaXeirds, i?, 6;/, 488, ^ard, grievous,
difficult, dangerous, severe, stern,
savage.
^XaKtTTws, adv., 729, hardly, with
difficulty, painfully.
XoXivds, ov, 0, hridle, consisting of
bit, head-stall, and reins. The bit
* of the pur-
the Persian
jenician.
palm, date-
odau, etc.
)0[+opx«],
tun.
)6 + opdco],
°hrygia.
1 [4>€w-yw],
flight, lout,
ling, watch,
a loatcher,
ird.
ix^^", 222,
h, defend ;
watch out
Kas (pvXdT-
Eiravui, ixo--
3 angry, he
ed. 8G0.
:, grievous,
re, stern.
rdly, with
nsisting ot
The bit
XaXKovt ^g
was generally a snaffle, the two ends
of which were joined under the jaw by
a strap or chain, to which a leading
rein was sometimes attached. See
Nos. 38, 83.
txaXKofis, rj, ovv, 292, of bronze,
bronze.
XaXK6s, ov, 6, copper, bronze, bronze
armor.
XdXos, ov, 6, the Chains.
tX«p£«iS, ecrcra, e^, 264, 752, graceful,
pleasing.
xApis, tros, i), 265 [m-charist],
grace, favor, gratitude, thanks ; xdpip
ctWj'at, xdpiv ^x^iu, be or feel grateful;
xdpiv dirodiddpai, return thefavor.
XopudvSij, r)i, i}, Charmande.
X€in(6v, wvoi, 6 [Lat. hiems, winter],
bad weather, winter.
X«fp, xcv<5s, V, 416 [Lat. herctum, in-
heritance, Bng.chiro-graphy, s-uryeon],
hand, Lat. manus.
X€ip(<ro<|>os, ov, 6, Chirisophus.
X«(pi(rTos, see xe^/Jwi/.
X«fp»v, Of, gen. ovos, 577, worse,
inferior.
X€pp<$vT]<ros, ov, ij, 496, the Cherso-
nese.
X<Xioi, ot, a, 212, 1000.
XiXds, ov, 6, 537, fodder, forage.
Xir6v, wvoi, 6, 416, undergarment,
Lat. tunica, worn next the person by
both men and women. In its simplest
form it was a double piece of cloth,
oblong in shape, one half of which
covered the front of the body, the
other the back. The x^niu was fas-
tened on each shoulder by brooches,
and was confined over the hips by the
girdle, ^iipr,. See Nos. 51, 60, 69.
X^ptov
Xt«iv, 6po!, ij, 573 [c/. x"l*«Svl,
snow.
xXop.ws, ijdoi; 77, cloak, mantle, worn
esp. by horsemen, but also by the foot
soldier on the march and by travellers
in general. It was an oblong piece of
cloth thrown over the left shoulder,
the open ends of which were fastened
over the right shoulder by a brooch.
See Nos. 23, 62.
X<ipTos, ov, 6, fodder, grass.
XP&o\kai,xpT^(rofj.ai,etc., mid. dep.,308,
871, serve oneself by, make use of, use,
employ, treat, Lat. utor. 866,
XPi, XpV«, impers,, 561, it is need-
ful, one must or ought.
XPTJt« ixpvS), 416, ioant, need, desire.
XP*I|Aa, aros, t6, 264 [xpAofiai], a
thing that one uses; pi., things, property,
loealth, money.
XpTJvai, see x/otJ.
Xpi^<rinos, Tj, ov, and os, ov [xpdonai],
useful, serviceable.
XP<ivos, ov, 6, 548 [chrono-logy], time,
season, period, Lat. tempus.
txp5<rovs, ij, ovv, 292, 751, of gold,
golden, gold, gilded.
txpv<r£ov, ov, t6, 644, piece of gold,
gold coin, gold.
XPvords, ov, 6 [chry so-lite'], gold.
iXPv<ro-xdXivos, ov, 701 [+xaXiv<is],
with gold-mounted bridle.
tx»po, as, rt, 40, 739, place, assigned
place, position, post, station; land,
tract of land, territory, region, coun-
try.
tx«p^w, Xf^p¥<^, etc., give place, vnth-
draw, move, march; of measures, hold.
tx«p£ov, ov, t6, 78 [xQpos, place],
space, place, spot, stronghold.
\{/^Xiov
50
W<{>^Xl|JkO$
No. 89.
"if
^(Kiov, ou, t6, 416, armlet, bracelet.
See No. 89.
x)/ev8o)iai, \peijaofjLai,
i^ei<idv}v,^21 [pseud-
onym], He, cheat, de-
ceive, actfalselij.
^y\^Lloikai{\l/r](pi5),
^r}(pioDfjLai, etc., mid.
(lep., 34!> [\f/i](f)os, pebble'], reckon with
pebbles, vote, reaolve, deter mine.
\|;iX6s, ^, 6v, bare, unprotected; ol
rplXol, light-armed troops.
a
&, exclamation, 83, 0, with voc.
iSSc, adv., 150 [oSt], thus, as follows,
in the following manner.
wvios, a, ov, 010, purchasable; wi>ia,
rd, xoares, goods.
•Jipo, ds, Tj, 439 [yeau, hour, horo-
scope], time, period, season, hour, Lat.
hora, the proper time, opportunity.
«s, orig. a relative adv. of maimer
[os], but developed into a variety of
uses. As rel. adv., as, Lat. ut, with
verbs, before prepositions, and with
participles, as if, just as, thinking
that, on the ground that, with the
avoivcd intention, as though; with
numerals, about ; of degree, how, esp.
with superlatives, Lat. quam, as cJj
ndXiara, as much as possible. As
prep., with ace, to, on\y of persons.
As conj., of time, as, when, after, us
rdxia-ra, as soon as; introducing
iiidiriict discourse, that; of cause, as,
since, because, for, Lut.ut; final, tfiat,
in order that, Lat. ut ; of intended
result, like ware, so as, so that.
ws, thus, so.
wcr-Tr€p, relative adv., 400 [ws + Trt'pj,
like as, just as, even as, as it were.
w<r-T«, relative adv., 124 [ws + W],
so as, so that, wherefore.
wT^s, Ldos, 7}, bustard.
w<J>«\€w, co(pe\rj(TU}, etc., 318 [50eXos,
advantage, use], help, succor, assist,
benefit, be of service to, give assistance
to, of voluntary service.
|aK})€\i(ios, ov, useful, serviceable.
No, 90.
t. ut, with
and with
, thinking
with the
Kjh; witli
, how, esp.
iw, as cJj
sihle. As
f persons.
aj'ltr, w's
itroducing
cause, as,
inal, that,
intended
xt.
ws + trip] ,
were.
[ws + ri],
8 [60cXos,
ir, assist,
assistance
mble.
II. English-Greek Vocabulary.
Consult tJ.c Greek-English VoraLulury f,.r fuller meanings of the Greek words
here ,nve„, ospe..ially in eases where a ehoh-e <,f words is olTor.tl. Tlet/r etE^h
■ /.ri M '"T ^-Vr'T""^ '"'''' '"' '' ^''"" *''« etynu.l,>,ical n.eanings c f L wo
. ul nxcates the In.es on whieh these n.eanings have heen deveh.ped! If in dou
choose the w.ml that is fan.iliar. The ahn has heen lo intro.luee no word ntoTe
En,di8h-Greek exercises that has not previously heen given. Frequently he eoe
wdl ho deterndned hy the appropriateness of the word to the lesson I w ieh i oceu s
Abandon
Abandon, Trpo-iffxai (e), Trpo-
•fja-oixai, etc.
Able, Uavbi, rj, 6v ; he — ,
UavSi ei/j.1, 5vvaiJ,ai{5vva),
dvv^<rofiai, etc.
About, d/jL<pl, wepl.
Above, vvdp.
Admire, eavfidiu (eavfiad),
Oav/j.d(TOfxai, etc.
Advance, rropeijofiai, wopeii-
(TOfiai, etc.
Advise, a-v/x-^ovXeiju}, (tv/j.-
^ovXeijau, etc.
Afraid, be — , <f>ofi€Ofj.ai,
<t>o^'fl(Toixai, etc.
After, ixerd.
Afterwards, varepov.
Again, TrdXtv.
Against, iirl, npSs.
Agreement, inake an — ,
(TVp-rlOefxai (Oe), avv-
O'^fTouai, etc.
All, TTttj, Tracra, -wav.
Allow, iTTi-Tp^Tru), iiri-rpi-
^oj, etc.
Ally, (T^fifxaxoi, ov, 6.
Already, '')5r).
Also, Kai.
Always, dd.
Among, ii>.
And, Kal.
Announce, 077^X0; {dy-
7cX;, dyyeXQ, etc.
Another, dXXos, rj, 0; one
— , dXX-^Xup.
Answer, make — , diro-
Kptvofxai {kplv), dvo-
Kpivovfmi, etc.
Any, Tis, tI, gen. tiv6s;
anybody or — one, ris ;
anything, tI.
Appear, (paiuofxai (0ay),
(/>avi^oo/j.aL, etc.
Approach, TrX-rja-id^u (ttXt;-
(Ttao), nXijaidarw, etc.
Attempt
Aristippus, 'Aplamnros,
ov, 6.
Arm, oirXl^o} {owXiS),
WTrXicra, etc.
Arms, 6'7rXa, lov, rd.
Army, arpaTiA, ds, 7;, arpd-
Tevfia, aros, t6.
Artaxerxes, ' ApTa^^p^r}s,
ov, 6.
As, (Jj; —follows, TdSe;
to, OXTTe.
Ask, epurdoj, ipwr-fjaw, etc.,
inquire ; ahiu, air-^aw,
etc., ask for.
Ass, 6vos, ov, 6.
Assured, be ~, = know
ivell.
At, iwl.
Attack, ini-Tieefiai (Oe),
i-n-L-e-qaofxai, etc. ; make
O-n — , fTr-€tp.L (ei/ic).
Attempt, veipdo/xai, irei-
pda-o/mi, etc.
Barbarian
Dead
BflrbArian, /<d^i,ia/)ot, oi-,
Battle, /uix»;, tjv, ,J.
Bo, fi/iil {/a), foo/jiai; —
I//XOJ, fir-rim.
Beast, ('»;/)/()!', 01', t6; —
of hithlni, I'-n-ojY'-^joi', or,
Beat, JTo/w, irafcrw, r/('.
Beautiful, vaXAv, if, 6^.
Before, r^xi, r^)/i'.
Behalf, in —- o,f\ bwifi.
Benefit, fi5 ?ro(/a>, rotT)<Tw,
r/r.
Besiege, jtoXjoihaVw, iroXi-
Bid, \fXfi'a>, KfXeiVw, o/f.
Bind, (Vu», (5>)(Tw, rYc.
Bird, /!/)i'jy, ISpvWo'i, d, ?;.
Black, ^Adj, ixi\aiva,
Board, oh — , iwl.
Boat, TrXowi', 01', t6.
Both, OH — .s/(Ms, Aix<Pot4-
pu>6fv; — . . . (inif, ^•ai
. . . Kal.
Bow, t6^ov, 01', t6.
Bowman, ro^ir?;?, 01', d.
Boy, TTorj, 7rai56s, d.
Brave, d^a^Mj, t^, 6^, d»^
5/otroj, d, oj'.
Break, Xi^w, Xt^trw, r/c.
Breastplate, 0cj/)at, dvoj, d.
Bridge, y^<pvpa, ay, »;.
Bring, d^w, d^w, fte.
Bronze, yfIX^:ol'?s ?>» ou!'.
Brother, dde\<p6s, oO, 6.
Burden, InuiHt ((/" — , ,',ro-
.(ihi"'', 01', t6.
But, fJXXtil, A.*.
By. T,i/»a, i>ir6, wIMi m<n.
of Mu< iijjrnl ; mfir/i.s
((/, dird; land ami
.V(J, ^a^d -^ijv ^al Aurd
^dXarrai'.
Call, AaX/w (^aX, ^oXf),
^o>)<ro/itai, (7c. ,• /(>-
f/»7//rr, <ri'->-AaX/«.
Canal, »5(uy/)i'»;, I'xot, »^.
Captain, Xoxd^iv, ov, 6.
Care, take ^ , im-ij.f\^o/j.ai,
^7r(-/i(fXr)(ro^(n., </f.
Carry, - ou jcu-, jroXe/u^w,
TroXf;ii>J(ru>, r/r.
Cattle, /^ouj, /ioiW, d, 7;.
Cause, 7ra;)-«<xW( vap-^^w
and n-a/)a-<r\ r)(rw, r/r.
Cavalry, in-Treis, /wi/, ol ;
— »»aH, /T»rfi5j, /ujy, d.
Cease, n-ai'o/ita*, Trawo/itai,
etc.
Chariot, Hpua, aro^, rb.
Cilician, K/X.^, tm, d.
City, TriXtj, ews, ?;.
Clearchus, KX(?apxoi, 01/, d.
Collar, aTpfiTTdi, oO, d
Collect, dflpolj^w, dOpolaw,
etc.; (rv\-\^yu,(n<\-\^^w,
etc.; — supplies, ini-
(riTl^o/xai {(TiTiS), ^wi-
aiTiovfLai, etc.
Come, Hpxonai, ^\ftov, etc.;
ingcfher, avX-X^yofjLai,
cri>X-X677j(ro/tiat, etc.
Command, ^»^f^»w, i^fXriVriu,
Comnwnuior, d/ivwi*, oitov,
; ^/wiyia/ij^oy, oi', d (n|
!i ginriMdii).
Company, in irifff, «.,'„,
Conduct, d-)(u, ifi„., (7c.
Confess, (\;toXo>( .1, (V"'Xo
7>)(ru», vti'.
Conquer, i-udw, l'l^ )),ni>, cfr.
CoMSldor, iTK^VTOHat {(TKfV),
Ch^iofini, etc.; (iiH'Xti'm-
^tti, flovXfVirofiai, etc.
Consult, »(•///;, ,Tvn-ftov
Xri;oyiiat, (n'/U-/!iot»Xei/(ro/iat,
(/(•.
Corrupt, !(ia-<ftOflfKo {H'p),
(5(a-</)<V/)u), (7c.
Corselet, ^^u>/)nt, d^o^, d.
Country, X'^/»«» ds, ^.
Court, at - , 7ra/.d /k<rjXrf,
^rrl rail fiaaiX/io^ Ovpais.
Cowardly, Kah6%, 7), 6v.
Cross, (^ta-Z^ofrw (/^a), (^lo^
fii^aoiiai, etc.
Cry out, UH(! ffiroj/.
Cut, — to pieces, Kara-
kSwtw (atott), KaTa-K6\l/io,
etc
Cyrus, KOpo^f ou, d.
Danger, k^/k^Ccoj, ou, A.
Day, ijn^pd, di, 17; on tfic
/lllloiOilKJ , T^ WTf-
poiV; (/((// \s inarcfi,
(TTaO/x6s, oO, 6.
Dead, 6e ~, lidvr^Ka Ov^-
ffKu).
Denth
Doftth, /»»///.. ,.Uo^rnr,..
(Mfi'), lino ^rri'io, ctr,
Pocoivo, ^i (in a flic, /(
^♦iVo/uai, (if.
il^Tt'lilOfial, vli\
Dclibcintc, /(,M.\,i;„,„t(, /<,„>
DetiKind, dn air/w, rfff-
o(r»J(r(i>, r^f.
Destroy, Mho, ,\,.,;w, ,/,•.,
DlscloHO, ^iri-lirlhpvfu (Huh),
•"n-t-iVfiw, f/c.
DlHh()nol,(lTi/x«i,<■a;((iT.Ma(^),
flTi/ittcrw, f'/f.
Dismiss, dTro-Tr/MTro/xrt,,
diro-7r/M^fi/iat, r ■.
Disporso, onilftM (frjrr/i),
crntpd^ ell',
Dlstnnt, /)f: — , ,l;r-/\r,;,
fin Y^w Ulid dTTo-irx '/«rw,
r/r.
Do, 7r()(/w, nonf/rru), tic.;
hiirni, KahQi noUio;
- ii'i'll Ihj, ,rn,/w.
I^raw, vp^rarrw (, ),
T((i;ci>, r/r.
Dreadful, <Vti^/)v, tJ, (i»/.
Dwell, ouVw, oiHr'in.,^ rfr.
Kdiicflto, flii,AM'/u., ffrtuW
iKU, r/c.
Kmpoiiiiii,, f'/tn/vHiii/, „,., T.V
Kii(;iin|i,.d, /;r , M^'v/'a'
('/''), iiii|il. t\„(h'if,tff.
Knclicio, hi't>\,',io, m'aA,..,,,,,,
Hr.
KiMMiiy, n„,\,>,„v, ,„,^ ;.
'/"' , III n»\///((»(.
Kmk»Ko, /// „.,„■, ^„x,
/<''(!>, noStfu'ifUu, rfi\
(\<t\fffa)'), ;taAfJra»'u),
r/r.
Kntiro, mis, ntiira, itiiv.
Kiiiimorntloii, ()/»wV/.>,, „(,, „
EsC.'lpO, (ITTO ,/)f|r,„j (,/,(,-),),
(ino-i/,fi'ii;onai mill d)ro-
»/'fi'iorl/t(t(, c/c.
KiiplMrttoH, l';iVv»dr7/,,oi.,,',.
EvoiylhiiiK, TdfAu.
Kvil, *a/,/)i', 01/, r/<.
Exhort, vufia-H t \i t'lo/uit,
^afia-KcXtoffofxat, fir.
Ex do, i/.i(7dv, dfVjv, d.
Expedition, („)<',:, , ,;
fii/ir pari. in. m
(TTpaTtl'Kt/mi, fTT/),: ,,>,ri)-
fmi, r/r.
Express, ('nro-StlHvvnai
('Vt^), <iiro-i^n. <im,, dr.
I'H'iliipntly
Hiiijijiii iVjii' iir tfiinr ;
fV.liiiM,, 1,1 ri'iiHiiii(ili||.
It'll! ; iuHftn „<lf/i
«/'<V'"i' niif, ,\,„. „„,, /i,,,
lllld naim ir^tjn^^^ rf,<^
I'V/lifiil, ./.„//,,,/„, rf_ /,„_
I-'eoi, ifi'ifrliil, ^d,nt>
E
Each, UKaaroi, rf, op.
Easily, h<f.^Lws.
Easy, /i^i'<5(oy, a, ov.
Fair, /caA/n-, vf, Z,*/.
F''iithf(il, inar6<!, ,;, /,,/.
Fall, on, //,.-TrtTrrw, i^.-
TTftTovnai, (dr.
Father, Trar^/,/, fl-axpiiv, «'.
Fear, 06/^0,, „. „• . ^/^j,/'^/,,.
Mat, (fto^-iiiav, a, ft/,r., of
Fl'llow, flrO/nonnt, r.i', o.
I'oilow HoldlorH, rti'fVfi
"'/<«. '((ti/iu, Willi or
llllOlll, (,^.
Fow, i)Myin, ai, u.
Fir Id, /,,/,7. ///,. ^ „^^,„.
TfiiiifKii, ,r r fin I n'liiiinai,
'■'''■; ta/fC f/ir mith,
(tii-trrfiii tn'io/uu.
Fiftocii, nfi'rrKfMiHn.
Fijjht, nAxv, »;v, 7/ ; ,,Ax_i>'
/*'«'. /laxoii/iui, rfr.
Fire, TTiy), TTtz/i/n, t/>.
Fish, /;^«(^v, ,5„v, ,j.
Five, Tr/j/Tf.
l'""loe, f/<r('/7^, (,i,„y) ■hti'iu-
iMi and </,rvl:„iifM,, c.tr.
I'OCS, TToX/fJAIII, (,J|/, oi.
Follow, ^7rrv,.„<, /'^o/,„,,,
'•^'•.,- <iH J),lh,ii>n, w,v, or
H"iiic cas*' ol H^e; on
Ihr. ./hlj.oininff tin, rf/
ixrrtpalti..
For, yt'i,, ; r(s
Force, !)i''m/Ms, €u>5, 17, ffr/>d-
liat (fiiad), liidnoum, , >,-.
Fort, xw/i/oc, 01/, T(i.
Foi.y, T rraf)6.KuvTa.
Four, r/TTapf!, a.
Frequently, TroXAd/ttt.
Friend
r,i
Journey
Friend, tfAXoi, or, 6, ^<'i/os,
Of, 0*.
Friendly, (f)l\ios, d, o^.
Friendship, ipiMa, ds, i;.
Frightened, ^r' — , (poji^o-
/lai, (po(irj<TOfj.ai, etc.
From, ^^, d7r(5.
Full, TrXjj'pijj, es.
Garrison, (pv'KaKtj, ^s, »;'.
Gate, TTvXf], rjs, ■>].
General, crrpaTriydi, oO, d.
Get, vopl^ofjLai (wopio), tto-
piovfiai, etc.; — together,
(Tvv-dyu, avv-d^u, etc.
Gift, Supovy ov, t6.
Give, dldwfxi. (5o), Suxrw,
e<c.
Gladly, ijddus.
Go, ef/xi (t), iiiipf. ya or
^ctj/, fpxofiai, aor. iJX^oz';
— away^ dw-aWdTTo-
fiai (d\Xa7), d7r-o\Xd^o-
God, deds, ov, 6, i].
Gold, or of — , xpvffovs, ij,
OVlf,
Good, d7a^6s, ?}, 6v.
Grateful, be or /ee^ — ,
Xdpiv exw (crcx), ^^w and
Great, fj.iyas, fxeydXr], fiiya,
of size ; ttoXi;?, ttoXX^,
TToXiJ, of amount or
number.
Greek, "EXX?;!/, rjvoi, 6;
Grieve, XiiTr^ai, Xvirrjaio, etc.
Ground, — arms, rlOt^ai
rd 6ir\a.
Guard, <pv\aK^, jjs, 17,
(pu\a^, uKos, 6.
Guest, f^TOj, 01/, 6.
Guide, ijyeixwv, 6vos, 6.
H
Halt, iffTrj/ill ((TTO), (TttJo-w,
etc.
Hand, -over, vapa-SlSuini
{So), Trapa-5w(T(ji}, etc.
Hard, l)C — pressed, irU^o-
fiai (iried), iritadritTOfxai,
etc.
Hardship, iindergo — ,
rroj'^a', TrovT^au, etc.
Harm, do — , KanQs ttoUw,
iroi-qao}, etc. ; suffer — ,
KaKWs Trdff-xw (tto^^), irel-
(Toixai, etc.
Hasten, <r7rei55w, aire^tToj,
etc.
Have, exw ((rex), ^^^ aiid
o-xVw, e^c, €ip.i (iff),
eaofiaL with dat.
He, generally omitted,
sometimes oCros, iKeTvos.
Headquarters, Ovpai, dv, at.
Hear, aKovu), dKoOaofxai, etc.
Heavy-armed, — men, ottX?-
Tai, wv, ol.
Height, &Kpop, ov, t6.
Helmet, Kpdpoi, ovs, t6.
Help, cJ0fX^w, uxpeK-fjao],
etc.; with the — of, aiv.
Her, oblique cases of avr-f).
Herald, Krjpv^, vko9, 6.
Here, ivravda, deOpo.
Hereupon, ivravda.
Hill, ytj\oit>os, ov, 6.
Him, ()bli(|ue cases of
our6v; ov, rcllex.
Hindrance, tA kuXOou,
His, often by the article ;
somctimeHouToOi^Ke/j'ou.
Honor, rifxtj, ^j, ij ; Tifxdu},
Tlfiijaw, etc.; ill — , iv
Tifx^ or rf/xtoj, d, 01^.
Hope, iXnls, ISos, 17.
Hoplite, 6ir\tTr]s, ov, 6.
Horse, IVttoj, ov, 6 ; on
horseback, dnb iwirov.
Horseman, iTTTrei^s, ^ws, 6.
Hostile, TToX^/xtos, d, ov.
House, oikIol, dj, 17,
How, — mantj, ndaoc, at, a.
Hunt, 0T}pn'iu}, 6T)peij(ru, etc.
I, iy(t), ifjLoO and /jloO, etc.
If, el, idv, ijv.
Immediately, ddis.
Impassable, diropos, ov.
In, iv ; — order that, im.
Inflict, iTri-Tid-n/xi (de), ivi-
OrjcTU}, etc.
Inspire, wap-4xu {(rex),
trap-^^u) and wapa-crxv-
(TU), etc.
Intend, ^j' rtjj e'xw (o-ex).
f^w and (TX7?'(rw, e^c.
Interpreter, epfjLtjveh, ^wj, 6.
Into, ets ; — the presence
of, TTpdi.
Journey, iropeid, dj, 17,
656y, oO, ^.
Judge
Judge, Kphw (Kpiv), Kpivu,
etc.
Just, SUaios, d, ov.
Justly, diKalus.
King, (iaffiXe^s, ^wj, 6; be
— , jiaaiXtvw, (iajiXiijffu),
etc.
Know, o/5o, ttaofxai.
Lacedaemonian, AaxeSai-
fxbvioi, d, ov.
Land, 7^, 7^5, ^, ;^ii^a,
OS, 17.
Large, ^^70$, fieydXt), fi^ya.
Lead, dyw, d^w, ef c. , 177^0-
fxat, rjyijffofiai, etc.
Leader, Tj-yenwi/, 6voj, 6.
Leave, Xdwu (Xitt), Xeii/'w,
e<c. ; — behind, kutu-
Xe/TTW.
Left, evwvvfxos, ov; on the
~ (wing), ivl Ti^ ei5w-
Letter, iTriaToXrj, ^s, 77.
Light-armed, — soldier,
yVfjLVTJi, rJTOS, 6.
Long, fiaKpSs, d, 6v.
Loose, \6u, \6(Tw, etc.
Loss, 6c at a — , Airopiu,
Avop'/jau), etc.
Love, 0iX^w, (piXTJaw, etc.
Loyal, evvovi, ovv.
M
Make, iroi^w, iroitjario, etc.;
— answer, dvo-Kptvofxai
55
(jfpjj'), dTo-»fpti/oCMO( ; —
an agreement, aw-rlde-
f^a(- ((ff), (TW-dyjaofiai,
etc.; — an attack, Kr-
tifii (i), iinpf. ^TT-va or
iir-T^eiv; — rise, dj/-
/o-TTj^t (o-To), di^a-o-TT/Vw,
C^c; — M«e 0/, ;(^doMat,
XPWO/Mai, etc.
Man, dy7;>, dj/3/)6y, 6, Lat.
Mtry di-^/jwiros, 01/, 6,
Lat. /ir>mo ; mm, .some-
times o-TpaTiCiTai ; o/t/
— , y^puv, ovTos, 6;
young — , vtdvLd':, ov, 6.
Many, .see Much.
March, c?a?/'s — , aTadfxSi,
ov, 6; — away, dn-
eXaiJvu (iXa), dTr-eXw,
eic; — on, vopeijofxai,
TTopeiffo^jLai, etc.
Market-place, dyopd, 5j, rj.
Means, by — 0/, ci7r6.
Menon, M^vuv, wvos, 6.
Mercenary, fxia6o(p6poi, ov.
Messenger, d77eXoy, ov, 6.
Miletus, MtX7)Tos, ov, 17.
Mina, fxvci, fivds, ij.
Molest, Xvir^u, XOjttjVw,
etc.
Money, dpyipiov, ov, t6,
XPTJp-ara, druv, rd.
Month, /jLTJv, p.r]v6s, 6.
More, fiaXXov.
Mountain, 6po$, ovs, t6.
Much, iroXtJS, TToXXij, TroX6 ;
TToXtJ.
Must, dei, dvdyKTj 4<ttI;
often the verbal in
T^oy.
Ought
N
Name, 8vofj.a, oroy, t6.
Narrow, (xrevdi, 17', 61/.
Need, there is — , 8ef.
Neglect, dneX^w, dfxtX^au,
etc.
Never, oCTrore.
Night, 1^.;^, vvkt6s, ii.
Nobody, ovdtU, ev6s.
Noble, dyaOdi, 7), 6v.
Noise, edpvfios, ov, 6.
None, ovd^vfs, ivwv.
Not, oy, fiii.
Now, viJv.
Oath, 6/)/coy, ov, 6,
Obey, TrelOofxai. (vie), nelao-
fiai, etc.
Often, TToXXd/ciy.
Old,— waw,7(^/9wv, oj/Toy,©.
On, ^tt/ ; — horseback, dnb
iirwov ; — board, iwi.
Once, a< — , cvdii.
One, T2y, rl, gen. rt^/dy;
— another, dXX-f)Xwv.
Open, dj'-o/7a>, dj/-o/^w, e^c;
(pavepds, d, 6v.
Opinion, yvw/xri, r;s, 1^.
Or, i
Order, fceXeiJw, KeXe^tru, etc.;
— arms, TWe^oi to
SttXo ; m — that, 'iva.
Orders, give — , irap-ay-
7AXw (d77eX), tto/o-
o77cXtD.
Orontas,'0/)6j'Tdy, dorof, 6.
Other, dXXoy, 17, 0.
Ought, 5ef.
Our
56
Say
0»4r, often by the article.
Out, — of the way, iKiro-
Palace, (iaaiXeia, ojv, rd.
Parasang, wapaadyyrjs,
ov, 6,
Park, 7ra/3d5et«ros, ou, 6.
Pay, fxia-Ods, oO, 6.
Peltast, TreXraiTTifis, ou, 6.
Perish, dTr-dWvfiai, dtr-
oKovfiai.
Persian, lUpa-qs, ov, 6.
Persuade, ^616*0; (7rt0), Trei-
(Tw, etc.
Phrygia, ^pvyid, m, rj.
Place, x^P^ov, ov, t6;
from that — , ivreCdev ;
in this — , ivravda.
Plain, TreSt'o^, ov, rb; dijXoi,
V, ov; in — sight, Kara-
(poLvris, ^s.
Plan, ftovXeiio, /3ouXei}(rw,
etc.
Plot, imlBovXTj, i]<!, i};~
against, iirL-povXe^u, iin-
jSouXei/o-oj, etc.; — evil,
KaKbv /3ovX«/w, ^ovXeiJcrcj,
etc.
Plunder, dpird^w (dpTrad),
dpwdffw, etc., di-aprd^u.
Point, ~ out, iTn-SelKvvfit
(deiK), eTTL-del^oj, etc.
Post, rdTTOj (ray), rd^u,
etc.
Precious, tI/jllos, a, oj>.
Prefer, alpioixai, aipT^a-ofxai,
etc.
Prepare, — oneself, wapa-
ffKevd^Ofiat, irapa-cTKevd-
croixai, etc.
Presence, into the — of,
irpbs.
Present, he — , irdp-tipn
{^(t), Trap-^(ToiJ.ai.
Press, — hard, irU^w
(TTteS), irUau, etc.
Proceed, wopevo/jLai, iropelj-
(TOfxai, etc.; — with,
ffVjX-TTOpi'UOpi.ai.
Promise, vir-ia-xv^o/xai, inro-
crxva-ofiai, etc.
Prosperous, evSaifxuv, ov.
Province, dpx-q, rjh V-
Provisions, iTriTrjSeia, uv,
rd.
Punish, KoXdfw (/coXaS),
KoXdifw, etc.
Punishment, inflict — ,
SiKiqv iiri-Tidr^fxi (de), iwi-
Ottu), etc.
Purchase, d7o/)ifw (0170-
pa8), ay opdau}, etc.
Pursue, diwKw, Siw^u, etc.
Put, — to death, dwo-
KTelvu {kt€v), diro-KTevQi,
etc.; — out of the way,
iKiroSwv TToi^o/xai, irOLij-
a-o/xai, etc.; — on, iv-Siw,
ivdddu, etc.
Rank, rdlts, cwj, 17.
Ravage, 5i-a/37rdfa> {dpirad),
5i-ap7rd(rw, etc.
Ready, iToiixos, t], ov, or
OS, ov.
Regard, voixl^w (vofuS),
vofnw, etc.
Remain, /x^vu {fj.€v), fievCj,
etc.
Rescue, (ry'fw, crclxxu}, etc.
Resolve, oor.ei with dat.
Rest, vavo/xai, ira^aofiai,
etc.; the — , oi dXXoi.
Return, tjku, ^^w, etc.
Review, e^e'rao-ts, ewj, ij.
Right, a^tos, d, ov, inijrally;
5e^t6s, d, 6v, of direction ;
on the — (wing), inl rqi
Rise, or — wp, dv-iffrafxai
{(TTa), dva-crrT]crop.ai, etc.;
make — , dv-la-Trjfxi {a-ra),
dva-a-Ti}(Tu, etc.
River, woraads, oO. 6.
Road, 6S6s, ov, ij.
Round, d/u0t.
Rout, et'y (pvyrjv Tpiww,
Tp4\pw, etc.
Rush, UfiOLL (e), rjaoixai, etc.
Sabre, fidxaipa, aj, ij.
Sack, bL-apird^w {dprrad},
di-apirda-w, etc.
Sacrifice, Odu, e6<Tw, etc.;
offer — , dtofiai, eocro/Jiai,
etc.
Safe, dcr^aXT^j, ^y.
Safely; dor^aXwj.
Same, 6 avrds, i] avryj, rb
avrd; at the — time,
&p.a.
Sardis, 2d/)5eis, ewv, ai.
Satrap, aarpdirri'^, ov, 0.
Say, X^7w, X/^w, etc.,
<pr}fxi, fpt](TU>, etc.
fJ.€v), /Ji€VW,
rwo-oj, etc.
^ith dat.
n &\\oi.
w, etc.
s, ews, 17.
', iiKjrally;
direction;
g), iiri rcf)
dv-L<TTafMai
troitiai^etc.;
rrjfii (o-ra),
W-
, 6.
(TOfiai, etc.
IS, 77.
(a;07ra5),
5(70;, etc.;
, dVcro/Jiai,
— time.,
ov, at.
, ou, 6.
Scatter
Scatter, dia-cnreipu {(Twep),
dia-a-wepQ, etc.
Sea, edXarra, 77s, 17.
See, opdw, 6\pofiai, etc.,
<rK^irTo/x.ai (cr/ctTr), (tk^i/zo-
Ma£, ete.
Seem, or — best, doK^w,
Sd^w, etc.
Self, avrds, ij, 6.
Send, ttJ^ttw, tt^^^^'w, ei!c.,
(J-T<f\\w (areX), (rreXw,
etc.; —for,fieTa7r^fj.Tro-
MO'; — away, dwo-
TrifiTTu; ~ with, avp.-.
Service, be of ~, cJ^eXjfw,
u^eXija-w, etc.
Set, —forth or o?<^, 6p/id 0-
Mttt, op/xTJaofiaL, etc.
Seven, cTrrd ; — hundred,
ewTaKdcrioc, at, a.
Severity, with—, iaxvpus.
She, generally omitted,
sometimes avTrj, iKdpTj.
Ship, muy, i^edii, 57.
Shoot, ro^e/w, To^€ij(ru}, etc.
Short-sword, dKlvdKrji, ov, 6.
Shout, .<pavyTJ, ^y, ^.
^odw, po-^aonaL, etc.
Show, (;6a/;/aj (0aj'), (ftavCa,
etc.
Sides, on 6o2;/i _, ifj^fpoH.
pudev.
Sight, in plain —, ^ara-
Silver, dpyipiov^ ov, rh.
Sit, Kde-rj/xai (ija-), impf.
fKafflJ/XTjV.
Situated, 6e -, ot/c^/xat,
QLKTjaOfX,Oil, etc.
57
Six,— thousand, i^aKiaxt
Xioi, at, a.
Sling, a<pev56v7), tjs, if.
Slinger, arepei'SoviJTrjs, ov, 6.
Slowly, axoXrj, <rxoXaius.
Small, /it/cp6j, d, 6v.
So, oi/rwj.
Socrates, 'ZwKpdTr]s, ov%, 6.
Soldier, arpaTidTrjs, ov, 6 ;
light-armed —, yv/xi>7Js,
rJTOi, o\ heavy -armed—,
OTrXtrrjs, ov, 6.
Somebody, ris, rtvis.
Son, Trats, 7rat56s, 6.
Source, 7r77777', 77s, ij.
Speak, A^7w, A^^w, e«c.
Spear, X6yxv, vs, ij.
Split, (T^/fw (o-xi5), o-x/o-w,
Stade, (TTddiop, ov, t6.
Stage, (TTadpibs, ov, 6.
Stand, laraiioLL (a-ra), aryj-
(TOjuac, etc.
Start, 6piJ.dop.ai, 6pp.-q(jop.ai,
etc.
Steal, /cX^TTTw (AcXeTr), kX4-
^io, etc.
Stealth, 6y _, use \ap.
ddvoj.
Still, 'dTL.
stop, waijopai, Tra\j<ro/Li.ai,
etc.
Straightway, eie^s.
Stronghold, x'^pioi', ov, t6,
X<^plov i(rxiip6v.
Suffer, —harm, /caxtSs ird-
o-xw (Tra^), TTf/o-o^iai, etc.
Summon, mX^w (/caX),
/faXw, etc., p.€Ta-ir^pTro-
fiai, p.eTa-Tr4p\l/o/j.ai, etc.
They
Supplies, collect —, iiri-
<Tlri^op.ai (airiS), iwL-
criTLovp.ai, etc.
Surprise, Kara-XaixfUvoj,
KaTa-X-q\popaL, etc.
Surprising, davpaarb^, ij,
6v.
Sweet, i)diis, ela, 6.
Sword, short —, dKlvdKijs,
ov, 6.
Table, rpdirej^a, 775, 17.
Take, XaplSdvw, Xijxpopai,
etc.; — the field or —
part in an expedition,
(TTpaTe6opat, crrpaTeija-o-
pai, etc.; — the field
with, a-v-arpareijopai ;
care, ivi-peX^opai, irn-
peXijaopai, etc.
Targeteer, TreXTaaTTJs, ov,6.
Ten, d^Ka.
Tent, <TK7)mj, TJs, ij.
Than, ij.
That, fin; iVa ; ^177'; 6s.
The, 6, i], t6.
Their, often by the article.
Them, oblique cases of
aiirSi in plur.
Then, Srj.
Thence, ivrevdev.
There, ivravda ; when
merely expletive, it is
not to be translated.
Therefore, oJ)v.
Thessalian, QerraXhs, ov, 6.
They, generally omitted ;
occasionally oSrot, iKd-
T'iiief
58
Your
Thief, kXwi/', /cXwttos, 6.
Think, vofxi^u (vo/xid), vofiiw,
etc., believe ; 5ok€i, 56^ei,
e^c, impers., suppose.
This, ovTos, avrri, tovtq.
Thousand, x^^'o') «'•. a-
Thracian, Opq.^, Qpq.K6s, 6.
Three, rpeis, rpla.
Through, did.
Thus, ovTWS.
Time, wpd ; at that — ,
t6t€i at the same — ,
iifia,
Tissaphemes, Tia-ffa<l>4pvrjs,
ous, 6.
To, eli, ivl, 7ra/)ci, wpSs,
Tree, S^vSpov, ov, t6.
Tribute, da<T/j.6s, oO, 6.
Troops, (7TpdT€Vfj.a, aros,
t6; (TTpaTLWTai, Cjv^ oJ.
Trouble, Trpdy/MaTa^ druv,
Td.
Truce, crirovdal, wv, al.
True, dXfjeTJs, h.
Trust, TTKTTeiJaj, 7rt<rT€i/(rw,
etc.
Try, 7retpcio/xot, weipdaofxai,
etc.
Turn, (rTp^(f)(>}, (TTp4\l/oj, etc.
Twenty, ef/coo-t ; — ^^ue,
etKOffi Kai irivre,
u
Undergo, — hardship,
iroviw, TTOvrjffU}, etc.
Unjust, &81KOS.1 ov ; he — ,
dStK^w, d5t/cr?(TW, e^C.
Unless = if not.
Until, M^X/»-
Upon, iirl.
Urge, wapa-KeXeioixai, wapa-
KcXevcrofjiai, etc.
Use, 7na^e — 0/, xpao/xat,
XPVffo/jLai, etc.
Van, crrSfxa, aros, t6.
Very, Trdvy.
Victory, vf/cTj, tjs, ^7.
Village, kc^^t;, •>;$, 17,
Vote, \p-q<f)l^oixai {\l/r]<pLd),
\pTi)<pi.ovp.ai, etc.
W
Wagon, Hfia^a, tjj, ^.
War, 7r6XejLto!;, ou, d ; carr?/
on or engage in — ,
TToXe/i^w, Tro\efX7]<TU, etc.
Way, 0*56$, oO, ^; ou^ 0/
ii^e — , iKTToSdv.
Week = seven days.
Well, eC; do — by, td
iroiiw, iroiijau}, etc. ; it is
— , KaXws exet, ^^ei, eifc.
Well-disposed, evvovs, ovv.
What, t/j, t/, gen. rbos;
sort, TTOtOS, d, oy.
When, iTTeidtj.
Whenever, iireidi].
Wherever, oirov.
Whether, e^; — ... or,
irbrcpov . , . t).
Which, 6s, 7), 6.
Whoever, Sans, ^- tj.
Why, tI ; 5t' &.
Width, eCpoj, ovs, rb.
Wife, "yvv/j, ywaiKbs, ij.
Wild, Aypioi, a, ov; —
beast, dr)plov, ov, rb.
Willing, he — , idiXw, ide-
\i](ru}, etc.
Willingly, ckuv, oCcra, bv.
Wine, oJpos, ov, 6.
Wing, K^pas, K^pws and
Kipdros, 6 ; on the right
— , iiri Tip 5e^iip ; on the
left — , iTri Tip evuvipup.
Wish, ^Qij\o/xai, ^ovX-qao-
p.ai, etc.
With, a{iv, fx^" ; — the
help of, ffiju; in com-
pany — , criUp.
Withdraw, dTro-xwp^w, dTro-
XW/377(rw, etc.
Wonder, 0avpi.d^w {6avp.ad),
0avp.daop.ai, etc.
Wood, ^6\a, lav, rd.
Worsted, be — , rjTTdopai,
rjTTTJaopai, etc.
Worth, A^ios, d, ov.
Wound, TiTpuiaKu (t/jo),
Tpibarw, etc.
Write, ypd<pw, ypd\f/u}, etc.
Wrong, or be in the — ,
ddiK^w, ddiKtjau, etc.
Xenophon, Aevocpwv, wj/tos,
0.
Y
You, (TlJ, (ToO.
Young, — man, vedvldi,
ov, 6.
Your, vp.^T€poi; otten by
the article or aov.
^cceni 18 ff.; recessive 53; of pro-
clitics 20, 107, 109 ; of enclitics 27,
108 f.; in contraction 272 ; of nouns
and adjs. 85 f., ;]9, 129, 244; of
verbs 53, 457, 484, 493, 005 a, 034 a.
Accusative case 29. Syntax of 832 If.
Acute accent 18 f., 21 f., 24 f.
Adjectives vowel decl. 120 if.; cons
decl. 259 ff., 420 If.; contr. of vr.vvel
decl. 280 ff. ; irregular 500 f . ; com-
parison 541 ff., 577; verbal in to,
and Teoj (i77 If. Syntax of 805 f.
Adverbs 595 ff.
Affinity of words 873 ff.
Agent gen. of 202, dat. of 203 ; w.
verbals in reoj and reov 080, O82'
Alphabet 1.
Aorist first indie, act. 80 i¥., mid.
183 f., pass. 194 iT. ; first aor. system
605 ff., 582 ff.; second aor. 91, 002
ff., in A£ verbs 089; first pass, sys-
tem 050 ff.; second pass, system
008 ff. Syntax of indie. 87, de-
pendent moods 313.
Apodosis 301 ; neg. 01) 303.
Apostrophe (in elision) 16.
Apposition 804.
Article definite declined 758 ; proclitic
in some forms 39 a, 70 a. Syntax of
807 ff.
Attic reduplication 871, 4; future
B71, 14, 15.
Augment V)(i, 07, 93, 871.
Borrowed words 870.
Breathings 14.
Cases 29, 30 ; case endings 240 f. Syn-
tax, see Nominative, Genitive, etc.
Circumflex accent 18 ff.
Circumstantial partic. 495.
Cognate mutes 8; ace. 833; words, 870.
Commands, etc. 400, 408.
Comparative degree 541 f. ; w. gen. 545,
858 ; w. dat. 807.
Comparison of adjs. 541 1; irregular
677 ; of ad vs. 597.
Complex sent. 000; dependent verbs of
in indir. quot. 663.
Compound verbs 93 ; w. gen. 852 ; w.
dat. 805 ; compound words 874.
Conclusion, see Apodosis.
Conditional sents. 304 ff. , 316 f . ,363 f
623 ff. Sea Apodosis, Protasis. ConA.
rel. clauses 531 ff.
60
INDEX.
Consonants .3, 5 ff. ; chang^^s of 738.
Consonant Declension, see Declen-
sion.
Contraction 268; rules of 737; in vowel
decl. 286 ff. ; in cons. decl. 395, 428,
476 f., 500 f., 506 f. ; in verbs in -aw,
-ew, -ow, indie. 268ff., 27!)ff., subjv.
339 f., opt. 386 ff,, imv. 420f., inf.
459f.,part. 486, 494, 756.
Co-ordinate mutes 8.
Dative case 29. Syntax of 869 ff.
Declension 34; nouns of first or A-decl.
37 ff . , 43 ff. , 6)1 ff. , 99 ff. , of second or
0-decl. 75 ff., 81 ff.; adjs. of vowel
decl. 126 ff. ; contract nouns and
adjs. of vowel decl. 286 ff. ; nouns
and adjs. of third or cons. decl. 239 ff".,
249 ff. , 259 ff. , 345 ff. , 393 ff. , 426 ff. ,
476 .f, 500 f., .506 f . ; irregular adjs.
5001; participles 754 f. ^ee Article,
Pronouns, Numerals.
Demonstrative prons. 154 ff.
Dependent clauses in indir. discourse
663.
Deponent verbs 297 ff.
Diphthongs 11, 12.
Directions for reading 123.
Dori'\ fut. 871, 16.
Double consonants 9.
Dual 31.
Elision 16 ; in compound verbs 93.
Enclitics 27, 168 f.
Endings personal 136, 145, 175, 401,
, of inf. 455 f. ; of part. 484, 493 ;
-fit verbs 689 ; case endings of
cons. decl. 210 f.
Exhortations 324.
413;
in
Fear vbs. exp. w. obj. clause 334, 381.
Final clauses 32(5, 371.
First Aorist system, see Aorist.
First Passive system 656 ff.
First Perfect system 619 ff.
Future indie, act. 86 ft"., mid. 174 ff.,
pass. 194 ft".; fut. system 565 ff.,
582 ff. ; first pass, system 656 ff . ;
second pass, system 668 ft".; Attic
fut. 871, 14, 15; Doric fut. 871, 16 ;
fut. mid. for act. 871, 17. Syntax
of fut. indie, in obj. clauses w. oVws
373.
Future Perfect 182 ff. ; pf. mid. system
642ff.,648ff.
Gender 32 f., 40 a, 78 a ; A-decl. ferns.
in a, rj, or a 37, mascs. in dj or rjs
99 ff. ; O-decl. 75.
General suppositions 302 ; forms of
524 f.
Genitive case 29. Syntar of 841 ff.
Grave accent 18 f., 26.
Group of words how related 874.
Lnperative 400 ff., 413 ff., 420 f. Uses
of 405 ff.
Imperfect indie, act. 68 f., mid. 174 ff.,
pass. 194 ff. ; in pres. system 552 ff. ;
in fiL verbs 689 ff. See Contraction.
Syntax of in unreal conditions 307, 2.
Indefinite pron. ris 354.
Indicative 49 ; tenses of, 50. See Con-
traction, MI Verbs, and Present,
Imperfect, Future, etc.
Indirect discourse, see Quotations and
Questions.
Infinitive 453 ff. Uses of 461, 468 ff.,
607 ff.
Inten.nve pron . 160.
INDEX.
61
Interrogative prons. 353 ; subjv. 588.
Iota subscript 11.
Irregular adjs. 500 f. ; comparison 577.
Labials 7; euphonic changes 243.
Linguals 7; euphonic changes 250 f.
Liquids 0; changes of v 738, 7 ff.
Liquid verbs 582 ff., 623 ff., 0G7
648ff., 658ff.,668ff.
MI Verbs 689 ff., 699 f., 706 f., 711 f.;
irregular 720 f., 726 f., 732.
Middle voice 174 ff. ; mutes 7.
Moods, see Indicative, Subjunctive, etc.
Mutes 5, 7 f. ; euphonic changes 738, 3,
and see Labials, Lmguals, Palatals.
Mute verbs 90, 113 ff., 196, 208 ff.,
216ft\, i>65ff.,636, 642ff.
Syntax of 830.
Nominative case 29.
Number 31, 52.
Numerals 614, 756 f.
Object clauses w. fii, and subjv. or opt.
334, 381 ; w. 6'7rwj and fut. ind. 373.
Optative 360 ff., 369 ff., 378 ff., 386 ff
Uses of 363 f., 370 ff., 3801, l-,.
590, 663.
Oxytone 25.
Palatals 7; euphonic changes 243.
Participles 482 ff. , 492 ff. Uses of 487,
495, 515 f., 627 1, 683 f.
Particular supposltl i>s 302.
Passive voice 19L^ ff. ,: first pass, system
656 ff. ; second pass, system 608 ff.
Penult accent of 22.
Perfect indie, act. 110 ff., mid. 183 fl,
pass. 192 ft'.; first pi system 619 ff. ;
second pi system 114 1, 633 ff.J
pf. mid. system, 642 ff., 648 If.
Person 51.
Personal prons. .A33 ff. See Endings.
Pluperfect indk :.ct. 110 ff., mid. 183
ff., pass. 192 ff.; fir.st pi system
619 ff.; second pi system 114 1,
033 ff'.; pi mid. system 642 11
648 ff.
Possessive prons. ,448.
Post-positives 82 b.
Predicate 800 ff.
Prepositions 226 ff.
Present mdic. act. 55, mid. 174 ff.,
pass. 192 ft'.; pres. system 552 fl;
in HI verbs 689 ft'. See Contrac-
tion.
Primary tenses 50.
Principal Parts of verbs 199 fl; of
deponents 298 ff.
Proclitics 26, 167.
Prohibitions w. m'^ 408.
Pronouns, see Personal, Intensive, Re-
flexive, etc.
PronunciMion 1, 10, 12.
Protasis 301 ; neg. of /a-^ 303.
Punctuation marks of 28.
Purpose clauses 326, 371.
Quotations and Questions dir. and
indir. 557 fl, 567 fl, 589 1, 607 ff.,
627 1, 660 ff. ; questions of appeal
w. subjv. 587 1
Reading the art of 121 ff,; directions
for 123.
Reciprocal pron. 447.
Reduplication 105 ff., 871.
Reflexive prons. 443 ff.
Relative prons. 512 fl ; cond. rel.
clauses 531 ff.
Rough breathing 14 ; nmtes 7.
62
INDEX.
Second aor., pf., etc. G54, 003; second
teuse systems, see Aorist, Passive,
Perfect.
Secondary tenses 50.
Semivowels 6 f.
Sibilant 0.
Smooth breathing 14 ; mutes 7.
Stem 54. See Tense stems.
Subject 800 ff.
Subjunctive 312 ff., 331 ff., 339 f.
of 310 f., 323 ff., 333 f., 407 f.,
Suffix of opt. mood 302, 379, 387
Tense Suffixes.
Superlatioe degree 540 f.
Suppositions part''eular and
302, See Conditional.
Syllabic, see Augment.
Sijllables 15.
Synopsis 550.
Syntax rules of 800 if.
Systems, see Tense S]/stems.
Temporal, ^ce A agment.
Tense Stems 135, 553, 871. See Tense
Systems.
Tense Suffixes 135, 553, GOO, 035, C70.
Uses
588,
See
general
Tense Systems 552 f. ; pres. system
553,1; fut. 553,2, 505 f., 583 f. ;
first aor. 553, 3, 505 f., 585 f. ; second
aor, 002 ff,; first pf, 553, 4, 019 ff,;
second pf. 033 ff,, 717 ff,; pf, mid.
553, 5, 042 f, , 048 f , ; first pass. 553, 0,
050 ff. ; second pa,ss. 008 ff.
Tenses 50, See Present, Imperfect, etc.
Ultima accent of 24.
Verbal adjs, 077 ff.
Verbs principal parts 199 ff,, 298 ff,;
defective 201; kinds of 273; depo-
nent 297 ff. ; in fjLi and w 091, See
MI Verbs.
Verb stem 54, 274, 580, 000, 023 ff.,
037, 072, 871,
Vocabulary liow to be acquired 877.
Vocative case 29. Syntax of 831.
Voice 4S, 174, 192.
Vowels 3 f . ; contraction of 737,
Vowel declension, see Declension;
verbs 273 f. See Contraction.
Word-Grouping 872 ff.
Words borrowed and cognate 870,
es. system
f., G83 f.;
)f.; second
4, 019 ff.;
; pf. mid.
)ass. 653, 6,
ff.
oerfect, etc.
ff.,298 ff.;
J73; depo-
091. See
06, 623 ff.,
ired 877.
Df 831.
737.
Declension ;
:tion.
ite 876.
^u-
■